Gc
977 201
M33s
1147133 j
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ijjf'-'-EN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 02300 1784
HISTOKY
[NDIANAPOIvIS
MARION COUNTY,
INDIANA.
B. R. SULGROVE.
I Xj Xj TJ S T I?y j^T E ID.
PHILADELPHIA:
I.. H. EVERTS & CO.
1884.
PREFACE. 1117133
In a history mainly composed of the incidents that indicate the growth of a community,
and the direction and character of it, where few are important enough to require an extended
narration, and the remainder afford little material, it is not easy to construct a continuous narra-
tive, or to so connect the unrelated points as to prevent the work taking on the aspect of a pre-
tentious directory. To collect in each year the notable events of it is to make an excellent ware-
house of historical material ; but, however authentic, it would hardly be interesting. Like the
country boy's objection to a dictionary, " the subject would change too often." To combine, as
far as practicable, the authenticity of an annuary like that of Mr. Ignatius Brown in 1868,
which has been freely used, or the compilation of statistical and historical material made by Mr.
Joseph T. Long for Holloway's History in 1870, which has furnished valuable help in this
work, with some approach to the interest of a connected narrative, it has been thought best to
present, first, a general history of the city and the county up to the outbreak of the civil war,
throwing together in it all incidents which have a natural association with each other or with
some central incident or locality, so as to make a kind of complete affair of that class of incidents.
For instance, the first jail is used to gather a group of the conspicuous crimes in the history of
the county, the old court-house to note the various uses to which it was put during the city's
progress through the nonage of a country town to the maturity of a municipal government.
Since the war the historj^ was thought more likely to be made intelligible and capable of reten-
tion and reference by abandoning the form of a continuous narrative interjected with groups of
related incidents or events, and divide it into departments, and treat each fully enough to cover
all the points related to it that could be found in an annuary, or a separation of the events of
each year to itself. Thus it has been the purpose to throw into the chapter on schools all that is
worth telling of what is known of the early schools, besides what is related of them in the gen-
eral history, with no special reference to the date of any school, while the history of the public
schools is traced almost exclusively by official reports and documents. In manufactures it would
have been impossible to present a consecutive account if a chronological order had been followed,
for the facts are scattered through fifty years, from 1832 to 1882. By taking the whole subject
PREFACE.
apart from the events with whicli its various parts are associated by date, it is possible to group-
them so as to present a tolerably complete view of tiie origin and progress of each part and of
the whole. The militar}' rosters contain all the names of Marion County soldiers in the civil
war who enlisted for three years. The list of civil officers of the county is complete and accu-
rate, and was compiled for this work. It is the first ever published, as is that of the township
and city. The entries of land from 1821 to 1825 will be found an interesting feature of the,
work, and will recall the name of many an old settler who is almost forgotten now. Mr. Now-|
land's interesting reminiscences and those of the late Hon. O. H. Smith have been freely used, \
as well as the memories of some old settlers, as Mr. Robert B. Duncan, Gen. Coburn, William i
H. Jones, Daniel Noe, and the writer's own occasionally. The histories of the townships have '
been compiled substantially from the accounts of the oldest and best-known settlers in each.
B. R. S. J
Indianapolis, Feb. 14, 1884. I
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
Location of Marion County — Topographical and General
Description — Geology of the County — The Indian Oc-
cupation 1
CHAPTEK II.
Special Features of the City of Indianapolis — Area and
Present Condition — General View and Historical Outline 10
CHAPTER III.
First Period — Early Settlements — Organization of Marion
County and Erection of Townships— Erection of Public
Buildings — Notable Events and Incidents of the Early
Settlement and of Later Tears — Opening of Roads —
Original Entries of Lands in the County 21
CHAPTER IV.
Social Condition of the Early Settlers — Amusements — Re-
ligious Worship — Music — General Description of Pio-
neer Life in Marion County — Diseases once Prevalent
— -Causes of Diminution 68
CHAPTER V.
Second Period— The Capital in the Woods 96
CHAPTER VI.
CiTT OF Indianapolis 132
CHAPTER VII.
City op Indianapolis (Continued).
Commercial and Mercantile Interests of the City 151
CHAPTER VIII.
City of I.vdianapolis (Continued).
The Bench and Bar 169
CHAPTER IX.
City of Indianapolis (Continued).
Banks, Bankers, and Insurance 215
CHAPTER X.
City op Indianapolis (Continued).
CHAPTER XI.
City of Indianapolis (Continued).
Public Buildings — Public Halls — Theatres — Lectures —
Concerts — Musical and Art Societies — Literary and
other Clubs— Hotels 249
CHAPTER XII.
City of Indianapolis (CoH(i'imed).
Medical Practice and Practitioners 274
CHAPTER XIII.
Military Matters.
Military Organizations in Indianapolis— Marion County
in the War of the Rebellion 300
CHAPTER XIV.
Marion County in the War of the Rbbellion.
Sketches of the Services of Regiments — Roster of Officers
and Enlisted Men from Marion County serving in the
Several Regiments 322
CHAPTER XV.
Orders, Societies, and Charitable Institutions of In-
dianapolis 366
CHAPTER XVI.
Churches op Indianapolis 387
CHAPTER XVII.
Schools and Libraries of Indianapolis 417
CHAPTER XVIII.
Manufacturing Interests of the City of Indianapolis 440
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIX.
CiTiL List of Indiakapolis and Marios Codnty
CHAPTER XX
PAOE
.... 486
501
CHAPTER XXIV.
575
CHAPTER XXV.
596
CHAPTER XXI.
... 506
CHAPTER XXVI.
613
CHAPTER XXII.
... 519
CHAPTER XXVII.
623
CHAPTER XXIII.
Lawrence Tow.ssoip
... 534
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Wayne Township
647
ILLUSTKATIONS.
Aston, George W facing 603
Atkins,E.C ' " 470
Atkins, E. C. A Co., Works of. " 469
Ayres, Levi " 506
Bank of Commerce 21S
Bates, Hervey facing 35
Beaty, David Sanford " 154
Bell, W. A 426
Bessonies, J. F. A 410
Bird, Abram facing 155
Blake, James " 86
Bobbs, John S " 281
Brown, Hirara 171
Brown, S. M facing 296
Butler, John M " 204
Butler, Ovid " 176
Canby, Samuel " 502
Carey, Jason S " 461
Carey, Simeon B " 159
Caven, John " 209
Chamber of Commerce 167
Comingor, J. A facing 284
Compton, J. A " 288
Cooper, John J " 218
Dean Brothers, Works of " 467
Defrees, John D " 240
Douglass, John 235
Dumont, Ebenezer 308
Duncan, Robert B 174
Edson, H. A facing 398
Emigrant Scene 73
Evans, I. P. &, Co., Manufactory of facing 482
Fletcher, Calvin, Sr " 169
Fletcher, M. J " 440
Fletcher, S. A., Jr " 468
Fletcher, S. A., Sr " 219
Fletcher, W. B " 285
Funkhouser, David " 279
Gall, Alois D " 293
Gordon, J. W " 180
Griffith, Humphrey " 161
PAOE
Hannah, Samuel facing 216
Hannaman, William " 163
Harvey, T. B " 282
Haughey, Theo. P 227
Haymond, W. S facing 290
Henderson, William " 205
Hendricks, Thomas A " 200
Hetherington, B. F " 466
Holland, J. W 154
Holliday, William A facing 392
Holmes, W. C " 226
Howard, Edward " 291
Howland, E. J " 505
Howland, Morris " 595
Hyde, N. A 414
Indianapolis in 1S20 facing 30
Johnson, James " 665
Johnson, Oliver " 646
Johnson, William 158
Jones, Aquilla facing 474
Kingan & Co between 444, 445
Lilly, J. 0. D facing 480
Macy, David " 229
Malott, V. T " 224
Mansur, Isaiah " 225
Marion County Court-House " 250
Marion County Court-House in 1823 251
McCarty, Nicholas facing 99
McDonald, J. E " 202
McGaughey, Samuel " 297
McKernan, J. H " 166
McLaughlin, G. H " 400
McOuat, R. L " 160
Merritt, George " 478
Moore, .John " 503
Moore, Thomas " 604
Morris, Morris " 217
Morris, T. A " 301
Morton, Oliver P " 186
Mothershead, John L " 278
National Road Bridge over White River 108
vii
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
New, George W % facing 292
Norwood, George ** 442
Palmer, N. B " 215
Parry, Charles " 276
Patterson, S. J " 441
Pattison, C. B " 157
Peck, E. J " 156
Perkins, S. E " 182
Piel, William F " 452
Porter, A. G " 206
Ramsay, John F " 165
Ray, James M " 105
Ritzinger, Frederick " 230
Rockwood, William 0 " 472
Root, Deloss " 465
Schooley, Thomas " 533
Sharpe, Thomas H " 220
Site of Union Passenger Depot in 1838 137
Sinker, E. T facing 464
Spiegel, Augustus " 456
PAGE
Streight, A. D facing 314
Sullivan, Wm " 178
Thomas, John " 471
Talbott, W. H " 162
Todd, R. N " 283
Tomlinson, Geo " 596
Toon, Martin S " 534
United States Arsenal " 305
Vance, L. M " 153
Wagon-Train on National Road 95
Walker, Isaac C facing 286
Walker, Jacob S 164
Walker, John C facing 294
Washington Street, Views of 266 and 267
Wood, John 152
Woodburn "Sarven Wheel" Co facing 460
Woollen, Wm.W " 214
Wright, C. E " 287
Yandes, Daniel " 100
BIOGRAPHICAL.
FAQE
Atkins, E. C 469
Ayres, Levi 506
Barbour, Laoian 214a
Bates, Hervey 35
Beaty, David Sanford, 153
Bell, W. A 426
Bessoniea, J. F. A 409
Bird. Abram 155
Blake, James 86
Bobbs, John S 281
Bradley, John H 214b
Brown. Hiram 171
Brown, John G 505
Brown, S. M 296
Butler, John M 204
Butler, Ovid 175
Can by, Samuel 503
Carey, H. G 228
Carey, Jason S 461
Carey, Simeon B 159
Caven, John 209
Coburn, John 214c
Comingor, J. A 284
Compton, J. A 288
Cooper,John J 217
Culley, David V 236
Dcfrees, John D 239
Douglass, John 235
Dumont, Ebenezer 308
Duncan, Robert B 174
Edson, H. A 397
Elliott, B. K 214d
Finch, F. M 214d
Fletcher, Calvin, Sr 169
Fletcher, M. J 440
Fletcher, S. A., Sr 219
Fletcher, S. A., Jr 468
Fletcher, W. B 285
Funkhouser, David 279
Gall, Alois D 293
Gordon, J. W 180
PAOI
GriflSth, Humphrey 161
Hannah, Samuel 215
Hannaman, William 162
Harrison, Gen. Benjamin 214d
Harvey, T. B 282
Haughey, Theodore P 226
Haymond, W. S 290
Henderson, William 205
Hendricks, A. W 214f
Hendricks, Thomas A 199
Hetherington, B. F 466
Hines, Judge 214e
Holland, J. W 154
Holman, John A 185
Holmes, W. C 226
Holliday, William A 392
Herd, Oscar B 214p
Howard, Edward 291
Howland, E. J 505
Howland, Morris 595
Hyde, N. A 414
Jameson, Patrick H 280
Johnson, James 665
Johnson, Oliver 646
Johnson, William 158
Jones, Aquilla 474
Knefler, Fred 214b
Lilly, J. 0. D 480
Macy, David 229
Malott, V. T 223
Mansur, Isaiah 225
McDonald, J. E 201
McCarty, Nicholas 99
McGaughey, Samuel 297
McKernan, J. H 165
McLaughlin, G. H .399
McOuat, R. L 160
Merritt, George 478
Moore, John 503
Moore, Thomas 504
Morris, Morris 216
BIOGRAPHICAL.
PAOE
Morton, Oliver P 186
Morris, T. A 301
Motbershead, John L 278
Newoomb, Horatio C 214a
New, George W 292
New, John C 214f
Norwood, George 442
O'Neal, Hugh 214a
Palmer, N. B 215
Parry, Charles 276
Patterson, S. J 441
Pattison, C. B 157
Perkins, S. E 182
Peck, E. J 156
Porter, A. G 206
Piel, William F 453
Qaarles, William 214a
Ramsay, John F 163
Ray, James M 105
Ritzingcr, Frederick 230
Root, Deloss 465
Rockwood, William 0 472
Scbooley, Thomas 533
PAO
Sharpe, Thomas H 220
Sinker, E. T *64
Spiegel, Angustns '156
Streight, A. D 314
Sullivan, William HS
Talbott, W. H 162
Taylor, N. B 214c
Thomas, John 471
Todd, R. N ^ 283
Tomlinson, George 596
Toon, Martin S 533
Vance, L. M 153
Walker, Isaac C 286
Walker, Jacob S 164
Walker, John C 294
Wallace, David 203
Wallace, William 214b
Wishard, William W 594
Wood, John 152
Wright, C. E 287
Woollen, William W 213
i, Daniel 100
HISTOET
OP
INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
Location of Marion County — Topograpliical and General De-
scription— Geology of the County — The Indian Occupation.
Marion County, in which is the city of ludian-
apolis, the capital of Indiana, occupies a central posi-
tion in the State (as is mentioned more particularly
hereafter), and is bounded on the north by the coun-
ties of Boone and Hamilton, on the east by Hancock
and Shelby, on the south by Morgan and Johnson,
and on the west by Hendricks County. Its shape
would be almost an exact square but for an inac-
curacy in the government survey, which makes a pro-
jection of four miles or sections in length by about
three-fourths of a mile in width at the northeast
corner into the adjoining county of Hancock, with a
recess on the opposite side of equal length, and about
one-fourth of the width, occupied by a similar pro-
jection from Hendricks County. The civil townships
of the county follow the lines of the Congressional
townships in direction, except at the division of the
townships of Decatur and Perry, which follows the
line of White River, taking off a considerable area of
the former and adding it to the latter township.
The area of the county is about two hundred and
sixty thousand acres.
Topography and General Features. — Indian-
apolis, which is the county-seat of Marion as well as
the State capital, lies in latitude 39° 55', longitude
86° 5', very nearly in the centre of the State and
county. Mr. Samuel Merrill makes it two miles
northwest of the centre of the State, and one mile
1
southwest of the centre of the county. Professor
R. T. Brown's Official Survey, in the " State Geol-
ogist's Report," regards the entire county as part of a
great plain, nowhere, however, actually level over any
considerable areas, with an average elevation above
low water in the river of about one hundred and sev-
enty-five feet, and of eight hundred and sixty above
the sea-level. Occasional elevations run to more than
two hundred feet above the river-level, and probably
to nine hundred above the sea. The West Fork of
White River, running for twenty-two miles in a
very tortuous course twenty degrees east of north and
west of south, divides the county unequally, the
western fraction being little more than half as large
as the eastern, or one-third of the whole area. The
river valley varies from one to four miles in width,
presenting a bluff on the west side of fifty to two
hundred feet through most of its extent, and on
the east side a gentle slope. Where the bluff comes
up to the water on one side the " bottom" recedes on
the other, sometimes swampy, and frequently cut up
by " bayous" or supplementary outlets for freshets.
The current is on the bluff side, usually deep, swift,
and clear. Occasionally the low " bottom" land comes
up to the water on both banks, but not frequently.
There are many gentle slopes and small elevations in
and around the city, but nothing that deserves the
name of hill, except " Crown Hill," at the cemetery
north of the city, and one or two smaller protuber-
ances a mile or two south. All the streams that drain
this undulating plain flow in a general southwesterly
direction on the east side of the river, and south-
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
easterly on the west side, proving, as the first secre-
tary of the State Board of Health says, that Indian-
apolis lies in a basin, the grade higher on all sides
than is the site of the city, except where the river
makes its exit from the southwest.
Subordinate Valleys. — Dr. Brown says that "the
glacial action, which left a heavy deposit of transported
material over the whole surface of the county, has at
the same time plowed out several broad valleys of
erosion, which appear to be tributary to the White
River Valley." The most conspicuous of these comes
down from the northeast, between Fall Creek and
White River, is about a mile wide at the lower end,
narrowing to the northeast for six or seven miles, and
disappearing near the northern line of the county.
The grinding force has cut away the surface clay, and
in places filled the holes with gravel and coarse sand.
South of the city and east of the river are two other
valleys of the same kind. One, about a mile wide,
extends from White River, a little north of Glenn's
Valley, about five miles to the northeast, with well-
defined margins composed of gravel terraces. The
other lies chiefly in the county south of Marion, and
between it and the first-mentioned is a ridge called
Poplar Hill, composed of sand and gravel on a bed of
blue clay. West of the river there is but one of these
valleys. It begins in Morgan County, and running
a little north of east enters Marion County, passing
between West Newton and Valley Mills, and connect-
ing with White River Valley near the mouth of
DoUarhide Creek. A water-shed between the tribu-
taries of the West Fork of White River and the East
Fork, or Driftwood, enters the county two miles from
the southeast corner, passing nearly north about
twelve miles, makes an eastward bend and passes out
of the county. Unlike water-sheds generally, this
one is not a ridge or considerable elevation, but a
marshy region overflowed in heavy rains, when it is
likely enough the overflow runs into either river as
chance or the wind directs it. These swampy sections
lying high are readily drained, and make excellent
farming land.
Streams. — Except Eagle Creek and its affluents,
there are no considerable streams entering the river
in the county on the west side. There are Crooked
Creek north of Eagle, and Dollarhide Creek south,
and several still smaller and unnamed, except for
neighborhood convenience, but they are little more
than wet weather " branches," or drains of swampy
sections. Dr. Brown explains this paucity of water-
courses by the fact that a large stream called White
Lick rises northwe.st, flows along, partly in Hendricks
and partly in Marion Counties, parallel with the course
of the river, and enters the latter in Morgan County,
thus cutting off the eastward course of minor streams
by receiving their waters itself. On the east side of
the river, which contains nearly two-thirds of the area
of the county, a considerable stream called Grass Creek
runs almost directly south for a dozen or more miles
very near the eastern border of the county, and finally
finds its way into the East Fork. It has a half-dozen
or more little tributaries, as Buck Creek, Panther
Run, Indian Creek, Big Run, Wild Cat and Doe
Creek. Of the east side streams tributary to the
West Fork of White River — far better known as
White River than the short course of the combined
East and West Forks to the Wabash — Fall Creek is
much the most considerable. Except it, but a single
small stream called Dry Run enters the river north
of the city. Fall Creek enters the county very near
the northeast corner, and flowing almost southwest-
erly enters the river now near the northwest corner
of the city. It formerly entered west of the centre
of the city, but a " cut-ofi'" was made nearly a mile
or more farther north for hygienic and economic
reasons, and the mouth has thus been shifted con-
siderably. The main tributaries of Pall Creek are
Mud Creek on the north, and North Fork, Middle
Fork, Dry Branch, and Indian Creek east and south.
The duplication of names of streams will be observed.
There are two Buck Creeks, two Dry, two Lick (one
White), two Indian, and two Eagle Creeks in the
county. As few of these names are suggested by
any special feature of the stream or country, except
Fall Creek, which is named from the falls at Pendle-
ton, and Mud and Dry Creeks, the duplication may
be set down to the whims of the pioneers. South of
the city, on the east side of the river, the streams
flowing directly into the river are Pogue's Creek,
passing directly through the city; Pleasant Run,
TOPOGRAPHY AND GENERAL FEATURES.
mainly east and south, but cutting into the southeast
corner of the city (Bean Creek is tributary to the
latter), Lick Creek, and Buck Creek.
Bottom Lands. — The valley of White River, says
the Official Survey, is divided into alluvium or bottom
land proper and the terrace or second bottom. In
that portion of the valley that lies north of the mouth
of Eagle Creek it consists chiefly of second bottom,
while the first bottom largely predominates in the
southern portion. Much of this latter is subject to
overflow in times of freshets, so that while the soil is
exceedingly fertile and easy of cultivation a crop is
never safe. Levees have been made for considerable
distances below the city, on the river and on some of
the larger creeks, to remedy the mischief of overflows,
but, the Survey says, with only partial success. The
primary difiiculty is the tortuous courses of the
streams, and of the river particularly, that runs a
distance of sixteen miles to the lower county line,
which is but nine in a straight line. This not only
diminishes the fall per mile, but the water, moving
in curves and reversed curves, loses its momentum,
the current becomes sluggish, and when freshets
come the accumulation overflows the low banks, and
covers large districts of cultivable and cultivated
land, to the frequent serious injury of crops, and the
occasional destruction of crops, fences, and stock.
A straightened channel would increase the fall and
the strength of the current, and in the sandy forma-
tion of the beds of most of the streams would soon
cut a way deep enough to secure the larger part of
the land against overflow. This would be cheaper
than making levees along a crooked course that re-
quired two miles of work to protect one of direct
length, but it would have to be carried out by a con-
cert of action on the part of riparian proprietors,
which would be hard to efifect, and it would also di-
vide a good many farms that are now bounded by
original lines of survey terminating at the river,
which was made a navigable stream by law but not
by nature. Changing the bed would confuse the
numbers of sections, and possibly disturb some land
titles. This objection is presented to this policy in
Professor Brown's Survey, but an act of the Legisla-
ture might open a way for concerted action, and pro-
vide against the confusion of lines and disturbance of
rights.
Flora. — The central region of Indiana was a favor-
ite hunting-ground of the Indian tribes that sold it
in 1818. Its woods and waters were unusually full
of game. There were no prairies of any extent and
not many swamps. The entire surface was densely
covered with trees. On the uplands, which were
dry and rolling, the sugar, white and blue ash, black
walnut, white walnut or butternut, white oak, red
beech, poplar, wild cherry prevailed ; on the more
level uplands were bur-oak, white elm, hickory, white
beech, water ash, soft maple, and others ; on the first
and second bottoms, sycamore, buckeye, black wal-
nut, blue ash, hackberry, and mulberry. Grape-
vines, bearing abundantly the small, pulpless acid
fruit called " coon" grapes, grew profusely in the
bottoms, covering the largest trees, and furnishing
more than ample stores for the preserves and pies of
the pioneer women. Under all these larger growths,
especially in the bottoms, there were dense crops of
weeds, among which grew equally dense thickets of
spice-brush, — the backwoods substitute for tea, —
papaw, wahoo, wild plum, hazel, sassafras, red and
black haw, leatherwood, prickly ash, red-bud, dog-
wood, and others. The chief weed growths, says
Professor Brown, were nettles and pea-vines matted
together, but with these were Indian turnip, — the
most acrid vegetable on earth probably, — ginseng,
cohosh, lobelia, and, in later days, perfect forests of
iron-weeds. There are a good many small remains of
these primeval forests scattered through the county,
with here and there patches of the undergrowth, and
not a few nut-trees, walnut, hickory, and butternut,
but the hazel, the spicewood, the sassafras, the plum
and black haw and papaw are never seen anywhere
near the city, and not frequently anywhere in the
county. The Indian turnip is occasionally found,
but ginseng has disappeared as completely as the
mound-builders, though in the last generation it was
an article of considerable commercial importance.
Fauna. — The principal animals in these primeval
woods were the common black bear, the black and
gray wolf, the buiFalo, deer, raccoon, opossum, fox,
gray and red squirrels, rabbits, mink, weasel, of land
HISTOEY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
quadrupeds ; of the water, otter, beaver, muskrat ;
of birds, the wild turkey, wild goose, wild duck, wild
pigeon, pheasant, quail, dove, and all the train of
wood birds which the English sparrow has so largely
driven off, — the robin, bluebird, jaybird, woodpecker,
tomtit, sap-sucker, snowbird, thrush. For twenty
years or more laws have protected the game birds,
and there is said to be a marked increase of quail
in the last decade, but there is hardly any other kind
of game bird, unless it be an occasional wild pigeon,
snipe, or wild duck. Buzzards, hawks, crows, owls,
blackbirds are not frequently seen now near the city,
though they were all abundant once. Flocks of black-
birds and wild pigeons occasionally pass along, but
not numerously enough to attract the hunter. In
fact, there is very little worth hunting in the county,
except rabbits, quail, and remote squirrels. For fish
the game varieties are almost wholly confined to the
bass and red-eye. Water scavengers like the '• cat"
and " sucker" are thick and big in the off-flow of the
city pork-houses, and in the season form no inconsider-
able portion of the flesh-food of the class that will
fish for them, but game fish must be sought for from
five to ten miles from the city. In early days, and
for the first twenty-five years of the existence of the
city, the river and its larger affluents supplied ample
provision of excellent fish, — bass, pike, buffalo, red-
eye, salmon rarely, and the cleaner class of inferior
fish, as " red-horse," suckers, cats, eels ; but the im-
providence of pioneers, who never believed that any
natural supply of food could fail, and the habits ac-
quired from them, particularly the destructiveness of
seining, has reduced the food population of streams
till it needs stringent laws, and the vigilance of asso-
ciations formed to enforce the laws, to prevent total
extirpation. Even with these supports it will take
careful and prolonged efforts at restocking to repro-
duce anything like the former abundance.
Mineral Springs. — Although they form no con-
spicuous feature of the topography of the county,
and have never been used medicinally, except by the
neighbors, it may be well to note that there are a few
springs of a mineral and hygienic character in the
county, where the underground currents of water rise
through crevices in the overlying bed of clay. One
of these, called the Minnewa Springs, in Lawrent;e
township, a mile and a half northeast of the little
town of Lawrence, was talked of at one time as ca-
pable of being made a favorite resort, and some steps
were taken in that direction, but nothing came of
them. Another very like it is within a half-mile of
the same town. Southwest of the city is one on the
farm of an old settler that has been famous in the
neighborhood as a " .sulphur .spring" for fifty years.
A couple of miles nearer the city is another on the
farm of Fielding Beeler, which Professor Brown
says is the largest in the county. " It forms a wet
prairie or marsh of several acres, from which by
ditching a large stream of water is made to flow."
The water of all these springs contains iron enough
to be readily tasted, and to stain the vessels that are
used in it. and this peculiarity gives it the misname
of sulphur water.
Swavips. — There were once considerable areas of
marshy land, or land kept wet by the overflow of ad-
jacent streams, but many of these have been entirely
drained, and considerable portions of others larger
and less convenient for drainage. With them have
measurably disappeared the malarial diseases that in
the first settlement of the city, and for a good many
years after, came back as regularly as the seasons.
There is not, probably, a single acre of land in the
county that is not cultivable or capable of being
made so. Between three and four miles southwest
of city lay a swampy tract, nearly a mile long liy a
quarter or more wide, entirely destitute of trees,
which was long known in the vicinity as " the prairie,"
the only approach to a prairie in the county.
Geology of the County.' — Marion County rests
on three distinct geological members, two of them be-
longing to the Devonian formation and one to the
Carboniferous. Neither, however, shows itself con-
spicuously on the surface. Upon these lies a deposit
of drift, or transported material, from fifty to one
hundred and fifty feet thick. This forms the surface
of the country, and moulds its general configuration.
But the rock foundation, in spite of the depth of the
1 Condensed from Professor R. L. Brown's Official Survey, in
the Report of Professor John Collett, State Geologist.
GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTY.
drift upon it, aflFects the face of tlie country some-
what, most obviously along the line where the Knob
sandstone overlaps the Genesee shale. The line of
strike dividing the geological members traverses the
county on a line from the south thirty degrees north-
west. This line, as it divides the Corniferous lime-
stone from the Genesee shale or black slate, passes
between the city and the Hospital for the Insane,
two miles west. Borings in the city reach the lime-
stone at a depth of sixty to one hundred feet. It is
the first rock encountered in place. At the hospital
forty feet of shale was passed through before reach-
ing the limestone. This shows the eastern part of
the county as resting on the Corniferous limestone,
and the western on the Delphi black slate or Gen-
esee shale. Under a small area of the southwestern
corner of the county the Knob or Carboniferous
sandstone will be found covering the slate. On a
sand-bar in the river, a short distance north of the
Johnson County line, Professor Brown noticed after
a freshet large pieces of slate that had been thrown
out, indicating that the river had laid bare that rock
at some near point. This gives the level of the bed
of the river in the lower half of its course through
the county. But a short distance west of the west
line of the county some of the small tributaries of
White Lick lay bare the lower members of the
Knob sandstone. There are indications both on
Pogue's Run and Pleasant Hun that the limestone
lies very near their beds, but it is not likely that stone
can ever be profitably quarried in the county. Geo-
logical interest attaches to the deep deposits of drift
that cover the stratified rocks.
Drift. — The drift that covers our great Western
plains, continues Dr. Brown's Survey, is foreign in
character and general in deposition. It is not a pro-
miscuous deposit of clay, sand, water-worn pebbles,
and bowlders, like the Eastern glacial drift. These
are all found in it, but with nearly as much regu-
larity and order as is usually found in stratified rocks.
At the base of this formation is almost invariably
found a very compact lead-colored clay, with but few
bowlders, and those invariably composed of quartzite,
highly metamorphosed or trap rocks. Occasionally
may be found thin deposits of very fine gray or yel-
low sand, but they are not uniform. Between the
clay and the rocks on which it rests is generally in-
terposed a layer of coarse gravel or small silicious
bowlders, from three to six feet thick. Sometimes,
but rarely, this is wanting, and the clay lies directly
upon the rock. In Marion County this clay-bed
ranges from twenty to more than a hundred feet
thick, and is very uniform in character throughout,
except where the light strata or fine sand occur.
Chemically it is an alumina silicate in a very fine
state of division, and mechanically mixed with an
exceedingly fine sand, which shows under the micro-
scope as fragments of almost transparent quartz. It
is colored by a proto-sulphide of iron. A small por-
tion of lime and potassa and a trace of phosphoric
acid can be discovered by analysis. Above tliis is
generally found a few feet of coarse sand or fine
gravel, and on this is twenty or thirty teet of a true
glacial drift, of the promiscuous character of the
glacial drift described by Eastern geologists. In and
upon this drift are large bowlders of granite, gneiss,
and trap, which are not found in their proper place
nearer than the shore of Lake Superior, whence they
have been carried, as is attested by the grooves and
scratches in the exposed rock surfaces over which
they have passed. In this upper drift are the gravel
terraces, from which is obtained our best available
material for road-making. The mass of it is a yellow
or orange-colored clay, with a considerable quantity
of sand, and lime enough to make the water passing
through it hard. There is an astonishing number
and size of bowlders in and upon this clay-bed. Two
were measured by Dr. Brown which were nearly ten
feet long by five wide, with four feet exposed above
ground, and nobody knows how much below. In a
few places bowlders are so thickly scattered as to ob-
struct cultivation. In the central and northern por-
tions of the county they are almost invariably of
granite, in the south generally of gneiss or trap.
Gravel Terraces. — The gravel terraces are gen-
erally found in a succession of mound-like elevations,
ten to fifty feet above the level of the surrounding
plain, and usually rest on a compact clay. They are
frequently arranged in lines running north, a little
northeast and southwest. North of these mounds is
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
generally found a considerable space of level and
often swampy lands, indicating the position of a
mass of ice, under which a torrent has rushed with
great force, excavating the clay below, piling up the
heavier gravel and sand, and carrying the lighter clay
and finer sand to be distributed over the country.
When the ice disappeared the excavation would be a
little lake, finally filled up with the lighter material
borne from other terraces farther north. These ter-
race formations, or " second bottoms," bordering the
river on one side or the other nearly everywhere,
have almost the same character and history as the
gravel-beds of the uplands. They consist of deposits
of gravel and coarse sand, resting on the lower blue
clay, into which the river has cut its present channel.
Formerly these plains, frequently three or four miles
wide, were regarded as lake-like expansions of the
river which had been silted up by its sediment, but
an inspection of the material shows that the water
from which the deposit was made was no quiet lake,
but a current strong enough to bear onward all
lighter material, leaving only the heavier gravel and
Band behind.
Lower Blue Clay. — The Ofiicial Survey concludes
that the lower blue clay was deposited before the
strata of clay, sand, and gravel that rest upon it, and
are clearly traceable to glacial action, and that the
conditions of its deposit were very difierent from the
rush and tumult of water pouring from a melting
glacier, though evidently deposited from water. The
greater part of the material is very fine, and could
have come only from very quiet waters, and from very
deep waters too, as its compactness and solidity prove
the existence of great pressure necessary to the pro-
duction of those qualities. Besides the superposition
of the glacial strata, the precedent deposition of the
lower blue clay is indicated by the fact that the
glacial action, exhibited over the whole surface of the
country, made excavations in it by undermining cur-
rents from dissolving glaciers which now form the
small lakes so numerous in the northern part of the
State. The southern end of Lake Michigan rests on
this clay, and is excavated into it to an unknown
depth. Another fact attesting the deposit of the
lower clay anterior to the grinding and crushing era
of moving mountains of ice, is the discovery at the
bottom of it of the unbroken remains of coniferous
trees, probably cypress or hemlock. In digging wells
in the county logs ten to fifteen inches in diameter, i
well preserved, have been found. Glacial action ac-
companying or following the deposit of these trees
would have crushed them. Dr. Brown suggests a
theory of the deposition of this clay-bed. If the
glacial era was preceded by an upheaval that raised
the region of the Arctic Circle above the line of per-
petual congelation, there would necessarily have been
a corresponding depression south of the elevation,
which would be an inland sea of fresh water. During
the whole period of the progress of this upheaval
north and sinking south (in our region) torrents of
water loaded with sediment would have rushed down
and filled the huge hollow. As the waters became
quiet the sediment would be slowly deposited. The
color of the clay, caused by the combination of sul-
phur and iron, proves that these waters were originally
charged with sulphurous gases produced by volcanic
agencies. The presence of these gases explains the
absence of life in this fresh-water sea till the sulphur-
tainted sediment was entirely deposited, when the in-
creasing cold would cover it with an impervious crust
of ice, cutting off all access of air and the possibility
of life. There are no fossil remains in the clay. With
the end of the Ice Age came a reversal of conditions,
the northern regions sinking, those about here rising
and pouring their waters southward into the Gulf of
Mexico in furious torrents strengthened by the melt-
ing of great masses of ice, thus furnishing much of
the material of the Mississippi delta, and leaving
marks of denudation on the hills of Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, and Alabama.
Economical Service of the Clay-Bed. — This lower
clay stratum when exposed to the air for a few years
undergoes chemical changes which make it the basis
of a very fertile soil. Frost breaks down its adhe-
siveness and makes it a mass of crumbling, porous
earth. The oxygen of the air converts the sulphur
into an acid which unites with the potash and lime
accessible to it and makes slowly-soluble salts of them,
which supply valuable elements of fertility for years
of cultivation, needing only organic matter to be
GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTY.
available at once for use. It is an excellent absorbent
owing to the fineness of its material, and might be
advantageously used in composting manures, as it
would retain ammonia as sulphate. Of greater value,
at least to the city, than its fertilizing quality is its
action, as a filter, securing an inexhaustible supply of
pure water in the bowlders and gravel beneath it. In
a region as level as Marion County, and as prolific of
vegetation, the surface water must become charged
with organic matter, which the porous upper strata of
soil, sand and clay, but imperfectly retain, so that
the water of springs and shallow wells is rarely so
pure as to be suitable for domestic use. These im-
purities are, of course, increased in the vicinity of
residences, barns, and stables, and still more in cities,
where there are large quantities of excrementitious
matter. Surface water more or less tainted in this
way is readily absorbed by the porous soil, and may
reach the bottom of wells of twenty feet in depth.
Against the inevitable and incalculable evil of a cor-
rupted water supply, as that of Indianapolis would be
if there were no other resource than the surface water
of shallow wells, this blue clay stratum is an ample
and admirable provision. It acts as a filter to the
reservoir in the gravel and bowlder bed beneath it.
The water there is free from organic matter, though
always sufficiently tainted with iron to be easily tasted
and to color vessels used in it. This iron taint is an
invariable characteristic of the water filtered through
this blue clay, and gives the popular reputation of
mineral water to springs of it that rise through fis-
sures in the clay to the surface. The best known of
these springs have been already referred to. In the
city and several places outside of it wells have been
sunk to the sub-clay water through sixty-seven to one
hundred and eight feet, the water rising to various
distances from the surface from eight to forty feet.
The blue clay stratum runs from eight to sixty feet
in thickness. The reservoir of water under this clay
has no outlet except through openings in the clay,
and in consequence can never be exhausted by natural
drainage. To a large manufacturing centre like In-
dianapolis the power derived from water in stream or
steam is indispensable, and that, says the Survey, " we
have under every acre of land in Marion County."
Character of Soil. — The glacial drift furnishes
the material for a soil that meets every demand of
agriculture. Says the Survey, " Being formed by the
decomposition of almost every variety of rook, it
holds the elements of all in such a state of fine divis-
ion as to give it excellent absorbent properties, and .
enables it to retain whatever artificial fertilizers may
be added. In its natural state the soil of the county
generally has but one prominent defect, — the very fine
material of which it is made lying so nearly level is
easily saturated with water, and having no drainage
below, except by slow filtration through the clay, is
kept wet longer than usual. This necessitates the
escape of a great part of it by surface evaporation,
and this, especially in spring, delays the warming of
the soil and its early preparation for summer crops.
The condition of saturation has an unfavorable eflFect
on the vegetable matter in the soil, excluding it from
free contact with the air, and arresting its rapid de-
composition, often changing it into humic acid, a
chemical product injurious to crops. In the first and
second bottom lands this defect is remedied by a
stratum of gravel or coarse sand a few feet below the
surface, which rapidly passes the water downwards
and relieves the saturated surface. The same eflFect
is produced on the clay uplands by a system of tile
drainage.
Ideal Section of the County. — The following
measurements of the diflferent strata of an ideal sec-
tion of the county are given by Dr. Brown from natu-
ral sections, borings, and excavations made in different
parts of the county. Beginning with the most recent
formations, we have :
Transported Material.
1. Alluvium, or bottom land.... from 10 to 20 feet.
2. Terrace formations, gravel
and sand from 50 to 100 feet.
3. True bowlder clay (glacial), from 40 to 110 feet.
4. Blue sedimentary clay and
sand from 20 to 120 feet.
5. Bowlders and gravel from 5 to 15 feet.
Rock ill Place.
6. Knob sandstone (Carboniferous) 25 feet.
7. Genesee slate (Devonian) 80 feet.
8. Corniferous limestone (Devonian) 50 feet.
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
The corniferous limestone has been penetrated
fifty feet, but its entire thickness at this point is
undetermined, as its eastern outcrop is concealed by
the heavy drift deposit. Nos. 1,2,6, and 7 underlie
only portions of the county ; the other members are
general in their distribution.
The Indian Occupation. — The State of Indiana
formed the central and largest portion of the terri-
tory " held by the Miami Confederacy from time im-
memorial," as Little Turtle, who led the Indians in
St. Clair's defeat, told Gen. Wayne. There were but
four tribes in this. Confederacy, the leading one being
the Miamis, or, in early times, the Twightwees ; but
divisions of four others quite as well known by his-
tory and tradition were allowed entrance and resi-
dence,— the Shawanese, Delawares, Kickapoos, and
Pottawatomies. The Delawares occupied the region
in and around Marion County, but the abundance of
fish and game made it a favorite hunting-ground of
all the tribes from the valley of the White Water, or
Wah-he-ne-pay, to the valley of the White River,
the Wah-me-ca-me-ca. On this account it was ob-
stinately held by the Confederacy, and only surren-
dered by the treaty of St. Mary's, 1818.' One of the
principal Delaware towns stood on the bluff of White
River, at the Johnson County line, where, says Pro-
fessor Brown, was the residence of Big Fire, a lead-
ing Delaware chief and friend of the whites. A
blunder of ignorance or brutality came near making
an enemy of him in 1812, as Cresap or Greathouse
did of Logan in 1774. A band of Shawanese, an
affiliated tribe of the Confederacy, but residing far-
ther south, between the East Fork of White River
(the Gun-daquah) and the Ohio, acting doubtless on
the hostile impulse imparted by the great chief of
the tribe, Tecumseh, massacred a white settlement at
the Pigeon Roost, in Scott County, in 1812. The
Madison Rangers in revenge penetrated to Big Fire's
town, on the southern line of the county, and de-
stroyed it. It would seem that there should have
been little difficulty, to men as familiar with the loca-
tions and modes of warfare of the Indians as these
rangers, in ascertaining whether the war party of
' With a reservation of occupancy till 1821.
the Pigeon Roost massacre came from the north or
not ; but whether there was or not no discrimination
was made, and it required all Governor Harrison's
diplomacy to keep Big Fire and his tribe from joining
the forces against the government. " But few remains
mark the site of this ruined town," says the professor.
In Washington township, on the east side of the
river, tradition places the site of another village older,
— how much it is impossible to say or guess, further
than the vague direction of conjecture by the fact
that the place is overrun by a wood of sixty years'
growth. Near the river i.s an old cemetery of the
tribe, and near it are some unique remains of Indian
residence, both uncovered occasionally by floods.
These remains are " pits or ovens excavated in a very
compact clay," as Professor Brown describes them,
about two feet and a half in diameter and the same
in depth, and burned on the inner surfaces like brick.
In them have been found coals and ashes, and around
them fragments of pottery. Their condition and con-
tents would indicate that they were a sort of earthen-
ware kettle, constructed by the ready process of dig-
ging out the inside clay and burning the surface of
the outside, instead of taking the clay for each in a
separate mass, and moulding it and burning it and
putting back in its new shape in the hole it came
from in its old one. The Indians of this fertile
region all cultivated corn and beans and pumpkins,
and made sugar of "sugar water" in the early spring,
by freezing it during the night and throwing away
the ice, which contained no sugar, afterwards boiling
it down and graining it. Flint arrow-heads, stone
hatchets, chisels, and other implements of the
" Stone Age" are found occasionally in the soil
and gravel, especially in the southern part of the
county, near Glenn's Valley, and these are said by
Professor Brown's Report to be made in many cases
of talcose slate, a rock found no nearer this region
than the Cumberland Mountains or the vicinity of
Lake Superior. The curious forms of some of them
make it impossible to determine their use. The
Official Survey reports no mounds or earthworks of '
the mound-builders or other prehistoric race in the
county except these relics of the " Stone Age."
There may be none now, but forty-five years ago
THE INDIAN OCCUPATION.
there were two considerable mounds in the city near
the present line of Morris Street, one near the inter-
section of the now nearly efiFaced canal and Morris
Street, and the other a little farther east. The exca-
vation of the canal opened one of them, and some
complete skeletons and scattered bones and fragments
of earthenware were found and taken possession of
by Dr. John Richmond, then pastor of the only Bap-
tist Church, as well as a practicing physician. The
other was gradually plowed down, probably after
being opened at the same time the first was, but no
record or definite memory settles the question.
For a number of years the agency of the Indians
of Central Indiana was held at Conner's Station,
some sixteen miles north of the city and about four
beyond the present county line. William Conner, the
first settler of the White River Valley, established
himself there about 1800, after spending most of his
youth and early manhood among the Indians, a num-
ber of whose dialects he spoke fluently, and whose
names and customs and modes of life he understood
as well as if he had been one of the race. He was
well acquainted with all the chiefs of the Shawanese,
Miamis, Delawares, and other tribes, and was fre-
quently employed as an interpreter and guide by
Gen. Harrison. He was the guide of the army in
the campaign that ended with the battle of Tippe-
canoe, and in that made memorable by the "massacre
of the Raisin River." He accompanied Gen. Har-
rison in the march into Canada that was triumphantly
concluded by the battle of the Thames and the death
of Tecumseh, the greatest of all the Western Indian
leaders, except possibly Pontiac.
This particularity of reference to him is not im-
pertinent, for his settlement was closely connected
with that of the county, and he was long in active
business as a merchant in the city. It may, there-
fore, be apt as well as not uninteresting, to present
the reader a fact almost wholly unknown in connec-
tion with the death of Tecumseh. Vice-President
Col. Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, was long
credited with the honor, such as it was, of killing
the Shawanese hero, but it was later claimed for one
or two others, and the famous question " Who struck
Billy Patterson ?" was hardly a burlesque on the idle
babble, oral and printed, that worried the world as to
who killed Tecumseh. Mr. Conner could iiavo set-
tled the question if he had been disposed to thrust
himself in the face of the public. But he was not,
and the information comes now from Robert B. Dun-
can, a leading lawyer of the city, who was clerk of the
county for over twenty years, and when a lad lived
with Mr. Conner as early as 1820. To him Mr. Con-
ner told what he knew of the death of Tecumseh.
He, as usual, was Gen. Harrbon's guide and inter-
preter. After the battle of the Thames was over the
body of a chief, evidently of great distinction from
his dress and decorations, was found, and Mr. Conner
was sent for to identify it. He said it was Tecum-
seh's, and he knew the chief well. The situation,
as he described it to Mr. Duncan, showed that the
chief had been killed with a very small rifle-ball,
which fitted a small rifle in the hands of a dead youth,
who apparently liad been an aid or orderly of a major
who lay dead near him, killed by a large ball, appar-
ently from Tecumseh's gun. The solution of the case
was, probably, that Tecumseh had killed the officer,
the boy had killed the chief, and one of the chief's
braves had killed the boy.
The payments made to the Indians of this county
and the adjacent territory by Mr. Conner at his
agency were made in the spring, always in silver and
always with strict honesty, but not always with ade-
quate security, or any at all, against the payments
getting back to the agent's hands in four prices for
buttons and beads and calico, and more for whiskey.
The process of payment was peculiar and curious.
The Indians sat in a circle, each family in a separate
group. The money came in due proportions of
amount and denomination to pay the man in dollars,
the wife in half-dollars, and the children in quarters,
each getting the same number. Each recipient was
given in advance a number of little sticks equal to
the number of coins he was to get, and as he received
a coin he was to give back a stick, and when his sticks
were all gone he knew he had got all his money.
By the treaty of cession of 1818 the Indians re-
served the occupancy of the ceded territory, or " New
Purchase," till 1821 ; but a few lingered about the
streams, trapping and fishing, till the spring of 1824,
10
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
when a company of freebooting whites, remnants
of the old days of incessant Indian warfare, consist-
ing of a leader named Harper, Hudson, Sawyer and
son, and Bridge and son, killed two families of
Shawanese, consisting of nine persons, — two men,
three women, two boys, and two girls, — to rob
them of their winter's collection of skins. The mas-
sacre was on Fall Creek, where the Indians had been
trapping through the winter, a few miles above the
present county line. It alarmed the early settlers of
the county greatly, for such murders had made local
Indian wars, and brought bloody reprisals often, just
as they do to-day. All but Harper were caught,
the older murderers hung, young Sawyer convicted of
manslaughter, and young Bridge of murder, but par-
doned by Governor Ray on the scaiFold under the
rope that had killed his father. These are said to
have been the first men executed in the United States
by due process of law for killing Indians. The paci-
fication of the irritated tribes was complete, and this
is about the last ever seen or known of Indians in or
about Marion County, except the passage of the
migrating tribes through the town in 1832. For
many years there was visible a trace of Indian occu-
pancy in a deep " cut" made in the blufi' bank of the
old " Graveyard Pond," near where Merrill Street
abuts upon the Vincennes Railroad. It was believed
to have been made by a military expedition from
Kentucky, on its way to the Wabash or the Wea
settlements, for the convenience of getting baggage-
or ammunition-wagons up the precipitous bins', but
nobody appears to have been sure of either its pur-
pose or its constructors.
Though not particularly relevant to the matter of
this history, it will not be uninteresting to its readers
to know, as very few do know, that the celebrated
speech of Logan, the Cayuga (sometimes called the
Mingo) chief, which has been admired in all lands for
its manly and pathetic eloquence, beginning, " I ap-
peal to any white man to say if he ever entered
Logan's cabin and he gave him not meat, etc.," was
made to John Gibson, the Secretary of State of In-
diana Territory with Governor Harrison, and the
second Governor. In his deposition on the subject,
quoted in Dillon's " History of Indiana," he says
that when Lord Dunmore, of Virginia, was approa(;h-
ing the Shawanese towns on the Scioto in 1774, the
chief sent out a message, requesting some one to be
sent to them who understood their language. He
went, and on his arrival Logan sought him out,
where he was " talking with Cornstalk and other
chiefs of the Shawanese, and asked him to walk out
with him. They went into a copse of wood, where
they sat down, and Logan, after shedding abundance
of tears, delivered to him the speech nearly as re-
lated by Mr. Jefierson in his ' Notes on Virginia.' "
It may be remarked, in conclusion of this episode,
that Logan, in consequence of the cruelty practiced
upon him, joined Cornstalk and Red Hawk in lead-
ing the warriors in the battle at the mouth of the
Big Kanawha, in September, 1774, which was a
bloodier battle to the whites, though a less decisive
victory, than the much more celebrated battle of
Tippecanoe.
CHAPTER IL
Special Features of the City of Indianapolis — Area and Present
Condition — General View and Historical Outline.
Special Features of the City. — The general
contour of the surface of the city site and vicinity
in Centre township is in no way different from that
of the other parts of the county. It is level or
gently undulating, except where the bluffs bordering
the " bottoms" of streams make more abrupt eleva-
tions, and none of these are considerable. Following
the eastern border of the valley of Pogue's Run,
which divides the city from northeast to southwest,
is a ridge, or range of swells rather than hills, from
the extreme southwest corner to near the northeast
corner, where it leaves the present city limits, and
these are the only " high grounds" in the city. In
improving the streets these little elevations have been
cut down and the hollows filled, till in hardly any street
can be discerned any change from a level, except a
slight slope or depression. For the past thirty years
or so, before any considerable improvements had been
made on the natural condition of the site, several
SPECIAL FEATURES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
11
bayous, or " ravines," as they were generally called,
traversed it through a greater or less extent, two
being especially noticeable for volume and occasional
mischief. They drained into the river the overflow
of Fall Creek into a large tract of swampy ground
northeast of the city, from which, at a very early
period, a ditch was made by the State into Fall
Creek at a point a mile or two farther down. The
smaller or shorter of these ran through the eastern
side, in a slightly southwesterly direction, crossing
Washington Street at New Jersey, where the former,
a part of the National road, crossed on a brick cul-
vert, and terminating at Pogue's Creek. The other
passed nearer the centre of the city, turning west a
little above the State-House Square, and passing
along the line of Missouri Street, afterwards the line
of the Central Canal, from near Market to Mary-
land, and thence curving southward and again west-
ward and northward, entered the river at the site of
the water-works, where some indications of its exist-
ence can still be seen, and about the only place
where there is a relic of this once prominent and
very troublesome feature of the city's topography.
In several low places, mainly north and east of the
centre, there were considerable ponds, the drainage
of heavy rainfalls, and in the south was one or two,
but these have all been improved out of existence
many a year. The only one of these that was
perennial and distinguished by a name was the
Graveyard Pond, near the old cemetery, formed by
the retention of overflows of the river in a bayou
following the bluff of the river bottom. The whole
site of the city, both the original mile square and all
the outlying " donations" and all the " additions,"
were at first densely covered with woods and weeds
and underbrush, of which there remain only one or
two trees in Pogue's Creek Valley in the east, and
a few sycamores and elms near the creek mouth at
the southwest corner. Fall Creek and Pleasant Run
may be regarded as the northern and southern limits
of the city now.
Divisions. — Pogue's Creek divides the city, leaving
one-third or more on the southeast side, the remainder
on the northwest side. The latter contains the bulk
of the business and population. A small tract west
of the river was added to the site selected on the
east to compensate for a part of one of the four sec-
tions cut off by a bend of the river. This, called
Indianola, forms part of one of the city wards. A
still smaller area south of this, on the west side, has
been added to the city, but the greater part of the
tract west of the river and south of Oliver Avenue
has been organized into an independent town gov-
ernment by the name of West Indianapolis. North-
west is another suburb, but not attached to the city,
called Haughsville. Farther to the north is North
Indianapolis, also independent, while northeast is
Brightwood, unattached ; and east, nearly five miles,
is the handsome little town of Irvington, mainly oc-
cupied by residents whose business is in the city, and
by the faculty and students of Butler University.
Southeast is the little suburb of Stratford. A num-
ber of city additions have separate names, as Oak
Hill, Brookside, Woodlawn, Woodruff Place, but
none, except the last, is in any way distinguishable
from the city adjacent to it.
The Creek. — -More pertinently here than elsewhere
may be noticed the connection of the two streams
that enter the city, Pogue's Creek and the river,
with its history. The former was named for the
traditional but disputed first settler on the city site,
George Pogue. It rises about a mile east of the
northeast corner of Centre township, flows south-
westerly through almost the whole diagonal length
of the city, and enters the river at the angle formed
by the southern city boundary and the river. Until
street improvements turned a large part of the town
drainage into it the water was clear, well stocked with
the same sort of fish as other streams, and a favorite
swimming resort for school-boys. The bottom was
heavily wooded, subject to frequent overflows, and
often swampy. Gradually, as the town grew, and
manufactures and general business followed railroad
enterprises, the vicinity of the creek became the site
of foundries, machine-shops, mills, and other indus-
trial establishments, and a little later of the gas-
works, and these, with the flow of street gutters,
turned the clear little woods stream into an open
sewer. Worse still, the rapid inflow of street drain-
age, with other less artificial influences, made it sub-
12
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ject to violent and sudden overflows, which in the
last twenty years have done so much mischief that
suits have been repeatedly brought against the city
for indemnity. Very recently a judgment for ten
thousand dollars was obtained on one of these suits
by a large wholesale house. The current has been
obstructed and diverted by the piers and abutments
of street and railway bridges, by culverts and the
arches of the foundations of large buildings, and in
some places " washes'" have cut away the banks so as
to seriously impair the value of adjacent lots, and
even to imperil houses, and the result of all these
co-operating evils has been the recent appointment of
a committee of the City Council and Board of Alder-
men, in conjunction with several prominent private
citizens, to devise a complete and uniform system of
protection from overflows, washes, and all forms of
damage. As it follows the line of lowest level in
the city, draining the site from both sides, it has
sometimes been proposed to deepen its bed, wall and
arch it in, and make a main sewer of it. A very
large portion of it on both banks has been walled in,
and many hundreds of feet arched in by street cul-
verts and other works, and it is not improbable that
it will sooner or later be covered throughout, and
made to carry oS the whole natural flow as well as
the street drainage not diverted to other sewers. But
very little of it is left in its old bed, its crooks having
been straightened into angles and right lines. Occa-
sionally it runs dry in long droughts.
TJie Canal. — Although no natural feature of the
city's topography, and a considerable portion of it is
efiaced, the canal is still conspicuous enough both in
its topographical and economical relations to require
notice. The section from the feeder-dam in the river
at Broad Ripple, some eight or nine miles north, to
the city is all that was ever completed of the " Cen-
tral Canal," which was one of the system of public
improvements begun by the State in 1836. In places
it was almost completed for twenty-five or thirty
mUes south of the city, and nearly as far north, but
nothing was ever done wiih it but to leave it to be
overgrown with weeds and underbrush, except a
short stretch three miles south, where its bed was
very level, and the country people used it for a race-
course. Until within ten years or so the completed
section from Broad Ripple passed clear through the
city, mainly along the line of Missouri Street to
Merrill Street, and in early times was used for fishing,
swimming, skating, ice-packing, occasional baptisms
by churches, and semi-occasional cargoes of wood in
flat-boats. The State sold it a few years after its
completion to the " Central Canal Hydraulic and
Water- Works Company," and that sold to others
till it came into the hands of the company which
established the water-works, and used it as a motive-
power, some dozen years ago. Then the portion south
of Blarket Street was deepened, and a sewer built in
it, connecting with the Kentucky Avenue trunk
sewer, and it was filled up, graded, and partially
improved, and is now a street. Above Market
Street it continues in its former condition, used
for boating and ice-packing by permission of the
proprietary company, and for bathing without it.
Below the line of Merrill Street to the city limits
the canal passed through private property, which
has reverted to the original owners or their assigns,
who have left hardly a visible trace of it. When
first completed, an enlargement or basin was made
on the site of the present steel-rail mill, and a culvert
was made over the creek that occasionally broke and
made trouble. The culvert is almost the only relic
of the lower end of the city section. On each side
of Washington Street, on the east bank of the canal,
a square basin opening into it was made, each about
two hundred feet square. These have long disap-
peared, and with them a ditch along the south side
of Washington Street, extending east to within a
short distance of Mississippi, then turning directly
south to Maryland Street, and there turning west
entered the canal at the Maryland Street bridge. The
bridges were all made with " tow-paths" beneath '
them on the west side. These disappeared with the
basins and ditches. A couple of wooden locks were :
built at the south line of the " donation," but never
finished. They became a favorite fishing-place, as
did the place where the water, while it lasted, emptied
into Pleasant Run, near the river. Water never
passed farther south. A stone lock was built at
Market Street, and used a few times. From this
GENPJRAL FEATURES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
13
lock an arm of the canal ran west two blocks or so,
a few feet north of Market Street, where it entered
a basin some four or five hundred feet long, extend-
ing north into the " Military Ground." From the
north end of this basin a " tumble" let the water
down a dozen feet into a race-way that turned south,
crossed Washington Street, and entered a sort of
natural basin, formerly one of the old "ravines,"
whence the water fell by another tumble into the
river at the site of the present water-works. The
water was let into the canal at the feeder-dam in the
spring or early summer of 1839, and the State im-
mediately leased water-power to one woolen- and one
oil mill, and to two each of grist-, saw-, cotton-, and
paper-mills. These were located at the Market
Street lock, on the river bank, where the race-way
fell into the river, and at the south end of the basin
in the Military Ground. Some years later a grist-
mill south of the donation obtained its power from
the canal. The water-works company now owning
it have recently replaced the decayed aqueduct over
Fall Creek with one of the most substantial charac-
ter, and have at one time or another greatly im-
proved the feeder-dam. Its present use is mainly to
supply power to the pumping-engines of the water-
works.
The Kiver {the Wa-me-cn-me-ca). — From the
upper to the lower bridge of the Belt Railroad the
river may be considered a part of the city site,
though but a small portion bounds the site on the
west, and a smaller portion divides it from the In-
dianola suburb. This section is pretty nearly three
miles long in a straight line, and nearly four following
the banks. Originally it was a stream of considera-
ble volume, averaging probably four hundred feet in
width, and, except upon a few shoal spots, too deep
to be fordable. There was a ford a little way below
the " Old Graveyard," near the present site of the
Vincennes Railroad bridge, and in use till some
dozen or fifteen years ago, when an iron bridge was
built a few hundred feet above it. Another ford on
the Lafayette wagon-road was a good deal used later,
and known as " Crowder's" and " Garner's Ford."
Another iron bridge has superseded it. In the town
communication was kept up with the west side by a
ferry a little below the National road bridge. Di-
rectly west of the " Old Graveyard," and three or
four hundred feet above the site of the present iron
bridge, was a low sandy island, containing a couple
or three acres, and covered with large sycamores and
elms, called " Governor's Island." At the head of
it, where a narrow " chute" separated it from the
high and heavily-wooded ground of the cemetery,
was a huge drift that was for many years a favorite
fishing-place of the towns-people. A little above
this, on the west side, a considerable " bayou" ran
out, circling irregularly around an extensive tract, a
perfect wilderness of woods and weeds, spice-bush
and papaw, and re-entered the river a half-mile or
so lower. A wing-dam at the upper mouth con-
verted it into a race-way for a grist-mill erected on
the south bank, near the present line of the Belt
Railroad, in the year 1823. This was one of the
first mills built in the county. A little way east of
it, nearer the river, the first distillery in the county
was established near the same time, turning out for
several years a small quantity of " forty-rod" whiskey
that was known as " Bayou Blue." Some remains
of the mill were discernible a dozen years ago, but
all are gone now, and the bayou itself is measura-
bly effaced by plowing and naturally drying out.
" Governor's Island" has entirely disappeared too.
The river, during the freshets that have almost an-
nually occurred ever since the first settlement was
made, has cut away the eastern bank along the
" Old Graveyard" line until its entire volume is now
east of the site of the island, and that once con-
spicuous feature is merged in the broad low sand-bar
that fills the old bed. The channel has shifted at
this point, as may be seen by the west bank, four
hundred feet or more. A like change, and even
greater, has taken place below, where the current has
out the west bank, and filled in on the east side a
wide swampy tract of several acres below and along
the Graveyard Pond site, and at the foot of what
used to be called the High Banks. Within a few
years freshets have cut through a sharp elbow on the
west side at this same place, and instead of whittling
away the point piecemeal as before, the future action
of the water seems likely to take the main volume
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
bodily some hundreds of feet inland. The same
agencies have cut a number of small channels through
the " bottom" a little lower, and threaten to make a
tolerably straight course from near the old ford down
to a point a little below the lower mouth of the old
bayou. These are the most notable changes in the
river-bed in or near the city.
There has come, with the clearing of the country,
the drainage of swamps, and disappearance of little
springs and rivulets, the same change that has come
upon all the streams of the country and of the world
under the same conditions. The volume of water is
smaller, low-water mark is lower, the freshets more
sudden and evanescent. It happens frequently now
that in protracted droughts the volume of water is
reduced to that of a very moderate creek, not ex-
ceeding fifty or sixty feet in width in very shoal
places, and the tributary streams, Eagle and Pleasant
Run, go dry altogether near their mouths. Fall Creek,
however, is not known to have ever been so greatly
reduced. Before settlement and cultivation had
changed the face of the country so greatly the an-
nual freshets, — sometimes semi-annual, — usually in
the latter part of winter or spring, were used to carry
some of the country's products to market down on
the lower Ohio and Mississippi. This was done in
flat-boats, measuring fifty or sixty feet long by
twelve to fifteen wide, covered in with a sort of
house, the roof of which was the deck, where long,
heavy side-oars and still longer and heavier steering
oars were managed. The current, however, was the
motive-power. In this floating house was stored, ac-
cording to the business or fancy of the shipper, baled
hay, corn, wheat, or oats, whiskey, pork, poultry,
these chiefly. They were run out at the height of
a freshet, so as to pass over a few dams that stood in
the way, and were the source of the greatest peril to
these self-insured shippers. This sort of commerce
was maintained at intervals for probably twenty
years, but most largely from about 1835 till the
Madison Railroad oflFered a better way out, in the
fall of 1847. During the first few years of the
city's existence occasional cargoes of corn and game
were brought down the river by the Indians, and up
the river in keel-boats by poling and " cordelling," or
hauling along with ropes, in canal-boat faishion. Not
much of either was ever done, however, the new
settlement depending mainly on land transportatinn
from the White Water and on its own products.
The prominent event in the history of the city's
connection with the river is the attempt to make it or
prove it what Congress had declared it to be, a navi-
gable stream. A full account will be given in another
place, but it may be noted here that a survey was
made in 1825 which maintained the practicability of
navigation three months in the year for a distance of
four hundred and fifteen miles at an annual expense
of fifteen hundred dollars. A reward of two hundred
dollars was ofi'ered to the first steamer's captain whu
should bring his boat to the town, and in 1830 one
came as far as Spencer, Owen Co., and another
came up about the same distance or a little nearer,
but in the spring of 1831 the " Robert Hanna, "
bought for the purpose, it was said, of carrying stcjne
from the Bluffs of the river for the piers and abut-
ments of the National road bridge, came clear up tu
the town, raising a great excitement and high antici-
pations of river commerce. She remained a cou])le
of days, ran upon a bar going back, and stuck a
month or two, and finally got into safe water some
time during the fall. This was the last of the navi-
gation of White River, except by the flat-boats n-
ferred to and a little pleasure steamer in 1865, that
made a few trips during the year and was wrecked
the next summer. Within the present year a little
picnic steamer has been built at Broad Ripple, but it
can hardly be deemed an exception to the universal
failure of White River navigation.
There have been a few freshets in the river so high
and disastrous that they deserve special notice. The
first was in 1828, following an unusually wet spring.
During that rise an old hunter paddled his canoe
through the fork of a large tree on Governor's Island,
a height of overflow that has probably never been
equaled since. The " bottom" lands for many miles
were seriously damaged, fences washed away, stock
drowned, crops in store injured, though, as suggested
by Mr. Ignatius Brown, less damage was done than
by smaller floods following when the country was
better settled. The Legislature made some relief
GENERAL FEATURES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
15
provision for the sufferers by remitting taxes. The
next great flood was early in January, 1847. The
water then for a time threatened the National road
bridge. It broke through the little suburb of In-
dianola, or " Stringtown" as it was then called, from
its being strung out along the National road, and cut
two deep gullies through the solidly-graded and
heavily-macadamized pike, churning out on the south
side in the soft, loose soil of the river bottom huge
holes nearly a hundred feet in diameter and twenty or
more deep. Several houses were washed away, and
one was left on the slope of one of the big holes,
where it remained tilted over and apparently ready
to fall for several months. The third big flood was
in 1858. In 1875 came two nearly equal to that of
1847, the first in May, the next in August, both
reaching about the same height. But for the levees
then built along the west bank for a mile and more
the whole of the country west of the river to the bluff
of the " bottom" would have been drowned. In the
early part of February of this year (1883) the
highest flood ever known, except possibly that of
1847 and that of 1828, occurred, filled a large num-
ber of houses in Indianola, driving out the occupants
and damaging walls and furniture, and sweeping clear
over the National road for the first time since 1847.
It was more than a foot higher than either flood of
1875. Levees now protect the west side — the only one
endangered by floods to any extent within the limits of
costly improvements — for nearly three miles south of
the Vaudalia Railroad to a point opposite the mouth
of Pleasant Run. These will be extended in time
parallel with the levees on the east side below Pleasant
Run. These are the chief levees on the river. Some
small ones have been made along the south bank of
Fall Creek at the northern limit of the city site.
Until 1852 the only bridge over White River in or
near the town was that built by the national govern-
ment for the great national highway, the " Cumber-
land road." This was finished in 1833, and is still
in constant use, considerably dilapidated through cul-
pable neglect, but still solid in its arches and service-
able. In 1852 the Vandalia Railroad Company put
up a bridge for their line a quarter of a mile south of
the old one. Since then there have been built for
railroad or ordinary service no less than nine bridges,
all of iron or mixed iron and timber. They are, be-
ginning at the north, the Lafayette or Crawfordsville
road wagon-bridge, the Upper Belt road bridge, the
Michigan Street and Washington Street wagon-
bridges, the old National road bridge, the St. Louis
Railroad bridge, the Vandalia Railroad bridge, the
Old Cemetery wagon-bridge, the Vinoennes Railroad
bridge, the Morris Street wagon-bridge, the Lower
Belt road bridge, — eleven in all. The bridges on
the smaller streams and the remainder of the canal
are too numerous to be worth special notice.
Turnpikes. — All the wagon-roads out of the city
are now graveled, and little inferior to macadamized
roads. For a few years, some thirty years or so ago,
a sort of mania for. plank-roads ran over the State,
and the western division of the National road was
planked. It had then been given to the State by the
general government (as had all the remainder of the
road to the States through which it passed), and by
the State had been assigned to a plank-road company,
which made this improvement. It was a failure after
the first few mouths. The planks warped, the ends
turned up, and the covering soon became a nuisance,
and was abandoned for coarse gravel, which packs
solidly and makes a fairly smooth, durable, and dry
road. Many of the county and neighborhood roads
have been improved in the same way. Most of these
improved roads are held by companies and are main-
tained by tolls, which in the case of the city roads
prove to be a handsome return upon the investment.
Some of them have been sold to the county and made
free, but several are still held by the companies. The
principal roads leading out of the city are the east and
west divisions of the National road ; northeast, the
Pendleton road ; southeast, the south division of the
Michigan road and the Old Shelbyville road ; south,
the Madison road, the "Three Notch" road, the Bluff
road ; southwest, the Mooresville road ; northwest,
the Crawfordsville and Lafayette road and the north
division of the Michigan road ; north, the Westfield
and the Old Noblesville road.
Area and Present Condition. — The original city
plat was a square mile, laid off in the centre of four
square miles donated by Congress in 1816 for a site
16
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
for the State capital. The half-mile border around
this square was made " out-lots," and used as farm
lands for years, but after 1847 was rapidly absorbed
into the city, until at the commencement of the civil
war the entire " donation" was included in the city,
and was more or less compactly built over. The town
government was extended over the whole four sections
in 1838, but it was ten years later, following the
completion of the first railway, before any consider-
able occupancy of this tract was attempted, and then
it was mainly in the vicinity of the new railway depot.
Many additions of greater or less extent have been
made, more than doubling the area of the original
four sections of the "donation." It is estimated now
(1883) that an area of about eleven square miles (or
seven thousand acres) is included in the limits of the
city. It occupies a little more than one-fourth of the
area of Centre township, which is a little larger than
a Congressional township of six miles square.
Population. — The first estimate of population rests
upon an enumeration made by visitors of the Union
Sunday-school in the spring of 1824, when 100
families were counted upon the "donation," making
a probable population of 500 or more, represented by
100 voters, or 120 possibly, with 50 voters repre-
senting nobody but themselves, or a total population
of near 600. In 1827 a careful census was taken,
and the population found to count up 1066. In
1830 it was about 1500; in 1840,4000; in 1850,
8034; in 1860, 18,611; in 1870, 48,244; in 1880,
75,056. It is now estimated at about 95,000, of
which one-sixth is foreign-born, mainly Irish and
Germans, the former counting a little more than
half of the latter, or, with all other foreign-born
population, making a little more than half of all
of that class. In 1880 the whole of German birth
was 6070 : of Irish birth, 3660 ; and of all other
foreign nationalities, 2880. The proportions are
now about 8000, 4000, and 3000. The basis of the
estimate of population that gives the closest as well
as the most trustworthy result is that of the enu-
meration of school children under the law. This is
made every year to determine the ratio of distribu-
tion of the State's school fund, and is probably as
accurate as the national census. It shows the pro-
portion of children of " school age" (from six to
twenty-one) in 1880 to have been to the whole popu-
lation as one to two and four-fifths. The school
enumeration for 1883 makes the total 33,079, which
gives at the ascertained ratio a population a little
less than 93,000. The estimate of the secretary of
the Board of Trade is 100,000, but no safe basis of
calculation will give that result. A fair estimate on
the 1st of January, 1884, makes the population
95,000.
Governinenf. — The city government is composed
of a mayor. Board of Aldermen, Common Council,
clerk, treasurer, and assessor, elected by popular
vote ; marshal, chief of the fire department, attorney,
elected by the Council ; and a Board of Police Com-
missioners, appointed by the State officers and paid
by the city, who have entire control of the police
force, also paid by the city. The officers elected by
the people serve two years, the others one. The
police commissioners go out and are replaced in suc-
cessive years, one in one, one in two, and one in
three.
Police. — The police force consists of a chief, two
captains, and sixty-five men. Besides the regular
force there are three or four specially in charge of
the Union Depot, authorized by the city but paid
by the Union Railway Company. The merchants'
police, a small force of men, is appointed by the city,
but paid by the citizens whose property is specially
in their care.
The Fire Department consists of a chief and
his assistants, and a working force, held in this
service exclusively, of seventy-seven men, including
the officers named. It has six steam-engines, four
hose-reels, two hookand-ladder wagons, uses six
hundred and twenty-two hydrants, one hundred and
forty-nine cisterns, ranging in capacity from one
thousand to two thousand five hundred barrels, and
one hundred and thirty electric signal-boxes or alarm
stations.
Streets. — There are four hundred and fifty streets,
and larger alleys used as streets, all more or less
improved by grading and graveling or bowldering.
A very few are paved with wooden blocks, and
one of these has within a year been torn up and
AREA AND PRESENT CONDITION OF INDIANAPOLIS.
17
replaced by bowlders. A large number of streets
are bowldered, but much the larger portion are
graded and covered heavily with coarse gravel,
which is found to make a good durable street, given
to grind into dust and mud, but always available and
cheap. The aggregate length of streets is not accu-
rately known, but as a few are four miles long or
more, and a great many from one to two miles, the
aggregate length is conjectured to be probably be-
tween seven hundred and eight hundred miles. On
them is a total length of water-main of fifty-one
miles, with twenty-five large iron drinking-fountains
" for man and beast." With these are ninety miles
of gas-mains and two thousand four hundred and
seventy-nine lamps. There are thirteen lines of
street railways, owning five hundred mules and em-
ploying one hundred drivers. All belong to one
company.
Parks. — A very pleasing feature of the city is its
parks, of which there are four: 1st, Circle Park, in-
teDded to have been put in the centre of the " dona-
tion," as the site of the Governor's official residence,
but never used for that purpose, and, on account of
the propinquity of Pogue's Run bottom, put a little
aside from the central point, which is a half-square
south of the southeast corner of Washington and
Illinois Streets ; 2d, Military Park, the remains of a
military reservation ; 3d, University Park, held by
the city on consent of the Legislature, but given
originally to help endow a State University at the
capital; 4th, Garfield Park, originally Southern Park,
a large tract at the extreme south of the city, pur-
chased some years ago to give the population of that
part of the city a place of recreation, but so far in-
adequately improved.
Taxes. — The levy for general purposes last year
was 90 cents on $100, for school purposes 22 cents,
making a total of $1.12, the legal limit of taxation
for city purposes. This rate is levied on a total
valuation of $52,633,510, divided into "realty,"
$22,863,525; "improvements," $16,363,200; "per-
sonal," $13,406,755. There are .some slight discrep-
ancies in these statements, as the assessors' returns
had not been corrected when this report was given.
The total valuation of property for taxation in 1850
was $2,326,185 ; in 1860, $10,700,000 ; in 1866, the
first valuation after the close of the war, $24,835,750 ;
in 1870, $24,656,460. A decline in real estate came
in 1868, the valuation dropping from $25,500,000 in
1867 to $24,000,000 in 1868, and to $22,000,000
in 1869, recovering partially in 1870, and rising to
$30,000,000 in 1871. The rise continued till 1874,
then the financial crash of 1873 began to operate,
and a second decline began, which is now about
overcome. The city revenue for the last year was
$591,312.
Business. — The secretary of the Board of Trade
reports for the year ending with the end of 1882
that there were 772 manufacturing establishments in
the city, with $12,270,000 of capital, employing an
average of 12,000 hands at an average rate of $2.20
a day, using $18,730,000 of material, and producing
$30,100,000 of merchantable goods. The wholesale
trade in sixteen lines of business amounted to $25,-
[ 440,000. The total clearances of the clearing-house
I was $101,577,523. There are 12 banks in the city,
I 6 national and 6 private, with a total capital of
$2,880,000. The average of monthly deposits was
$11,435,000. Total receipts of grain for 1882, 21,.
j 242,897 bushels; of coal, about 400,000 tons, or
i 202,711 for the last six months. Of live-stock,
j 5,319,611 hogs, 640,363 cattle, 849,936 sheep, 50,-
795 horses, of which there was disposed of in the
city 3,020,913 hogs, 106,178 cattle, 70,543 sheep,
2533 horses. Of lumber, 125,000 M's, or 125,-
000,000 feet. The Board of Trade has 1000 mem-
bers.
Railroads. — Counting the two divisions of the
JefFersonville Railroad separately, as they were built
and operated at first, there are fourteen railroads com-
pleted and in operation centring in Indianapolis,
running altogether 114 passenger trains both ways
daily, and handling here an average of 2500 freight
cars daily, each car having a capacity of twelve tons
at least, and making a total daily tonnage of 30,000
tons, equal to the trade of a seaport receiving and
sending out thirty vessels daily of 1 000 tons each.
Besides the fourteen lines of railroad centring in
the city, there is the Union Railway Company with
a length of track enough to connect them all at
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the Union Passenger Depot, and now by lease in
control of the Belt Railway, which very nearly en-
circles the city, and connects all the roads for freight
purposes by a line that enables transfers of cars and
trains to be made outside of the city, avoiding the
obstruction of many streets. Two new roads are in
progress. Every county in the State but three can
be reached by rail, and nearly every county-seat can
be visited and a return made the same day.
Newspapers and Periodicals. — There are six
daily newspapers in the city, all morning issues ex-
cept one. There is one semi-weekly, twenty-five
weeklies (including the weekly editions of dailies),
one semi-monthly, and seventeen monthlies.
Amusements. — There are four theatres, one hun-
dred and sixty public halls, four military companies,
four musical societies, and three brass bands ; ten
libraries, including the State and City and County,
and the State Geological Museum, containing over
100,000 specimens, and valued at over $100,000.
Business Associations. — Insurance fifteen ; for man-
ufactures and other purposes incorporated, sixty-one,
with a capital of $8,300,000 ; building and loan socie-
ties nineteen, with an aggregate capital of $1,755,000 ;
miscellaneous associations, fifty-five ; hotels, forty.
Professions. — Lawyers, two hundred ; physicians,
two hundred and thirty-two. (School-teachers and
preachers, see Schools and Churches.)
Secret Societies. — The secret societies number 23,
with 143 lodges or separate organizations. The Ma-
sons have 21 lodges of whites and 6 of colored mem-
bers ; the Odd-Fellows have 23 in all ; the Knights
of Pythias have 13 ; the Hibernians have 3. Be-
sides these the Red Men, and Elks, and Druids, and
several other orders have each one or more lodges.
Churches. — Baptist, 13 ; Catholic, 7 ; Christian,
6 ; Congregational, 2 ; Episcopal, 5 ; Reformed Epis-
copal, 1 ; Evangelical Alliance, 1 ; United Brethren,
1 ; Friends, 1 ; German Reformed, 3 ; Hebrews, 2 ;
Lutheran, 6 ; Methodist, 23 ; Protestant Methodist,
1; Presbyterian, 14; Swedenborgian, 1; United
Presbyterian, 1. In all there are 88 churches in the
city. Two denominations that at one time were quite
prominent, the Universalist and Unitarian, have disap-
peared altogether in the last few years as distinct sects.
Health and Sanitary Conditions. — The station
at Indianapolis of the United States Signal Service
reports for the last year an annual mean of tempei:i-
ture of 53.8 ; an annual mean of humidity of 71.1 ;
107 clear days, 141 fair days-, and 117 cloudy days ;
a mean fill of rain and snow of 53.68 inches ; the
highest temperature 94°, the lowest 10° below zero.
Drainage is efiected by an incomplete but steadily
advancing system of sewage, with two trunk lines at
present on Washington and South Streets, and a
number of small tributary sewers. The health of
the city is surpassed by no city and not many rural
regions in the world. The last report of the Board of
Health covers seven months from January to July,
inclusive, 1883, and shows, with the months of the
preceding year back to July, an average of less than
140 a month. This gives a death-rate of 18s in
1000 ; that of London i.s 21 1 per 1000, of Paris 26],
of Vienna 29, of New York 29f . Very few rural
communities in Europe or this country show a death-
rate lower than 19 in 1000.
Schools. — The free school system went into opera-
tion in 1853, when the accumulation of public funds
had allowed the previous purchase of grounds and
the erection of houses sufficient for the town's needs,
a popular vote six years before having authorized a
special city tax for school purposes. The average at-
tendance at the outset in April, 1853, was 340'. In
three years it was 1400. It is now (1883) 9938,
while 13,685 children are enrolled on the school rec-
ords, and the city contains a juvenile population of
school age (from six to twenty-one) of 33,079. The
enrollment is considerably less than half of the popu-
lation, while the attendance is about one-third. This
is a reduction of three per cent, in two years. There
are now belonging to the public school system 29 brick
houses and 2 frame. Of these 2 are one story, 25
are two stories, 3 of three stories ; 8 have four rooms
or less, 11 have eight rooms, 12 have nine rooms.
In all there are 245 rooms, with a seating capacity of
12,746, nearly equal to the entire enrollment. Value
of grounds and buildings, $938,419.30. There are
19 male teachers, 234 female teachers ; 21 are col-
ored, 232 white. Salaries in the High School,
I maximum $2000, minimum $700, average $1037 ;
GENERAL VIEW AND HISTORICAL OUTLINE.
19
in Primary schools, maximum $1100, minimum
$650, average $900.92 ; grade teachers, maximum
$650, minimum $300, average $500.
Private schools are nearly as numerous as public
schools, but, of course, less largely attended. There are
twenty-six of these, some of them of a denominational
character, some wholly secular, but most of a higher
grade than the primaries of the public system. A
few will rank with the preparatory schools of the
best colleges. Besides there are five kindergartens.
Of the collegiate class of educational institutions,
there are four medical schools authorized to give
diplomas and degrees, one law school of the same
grade, and, more considerable than these, Butler Uni-
versity, now at Irvington, formerly the Northwestern
Christian University, and located in the northeastern
part of the city.
Under the same management as the public schools
is the Public Library, supported by a tax of two cents
on one hundred dollars, and containing about forty
thousand volumes.
General View and Historical Outline. — A sum-
mary of the history of the city and of its dififerent
stages of growth, with a glance at its present condi-
tion, will give the reader a more definite and durable
impression of such points as he may desire to retain
for his own purposes or for the information of others,
than he could obtain from the best methodized and
most complete system of details unaccompanied by
such an outline. This "general view" will, there-
fore, present the epochs in the progress of Indianap-
olis, and leave the details of development in each to
the chapters treating the different departments which
make up the body of its history.
The first settlement of Marion County may be
safely dated in the spring of 1820, though there is a
probability of the arrival of one settler a year earlier,
and contemporaneously with the Whetzel (relatives
of the noted Indian-fighter of West Virginia, Lewis
Whetzel) settlement at the bluffs of White River,
or, as the Indians called it, Wah-me-ca-me-ca. In
the fall of 1818 the Delaware tribes by treaty ceded
to the United States the region now known as Cen-
tral Indiana, with a reservation of possession till
1821. Little more regard was paid to Indian rights
then than since, and settlers began, with leave or
without it, to take up lands in the " New Purchase,"
as it was called, within six months after the bargain
was made. By midsummer, 1820, there was a little
village collected along and near the east bank of
White River, and on the 7th of June the commis-
sioners of the State Legislature selected it as the site
of the future capital. Congress had given the State,
on its admission into the Union in 1816, four sec-
tions, or two miles square, for a capital site, on any
of the unsold lands of the government, and at the
junction of Fall Creek and White River the location
was fixed. The town was laid out in the summer of
1821, one mile square, with the remainder of the
four sections divided round it into " out-lots." The
first sale of lots was held in the fall of that year, the
proceeds to go to the erection of such buildings as
the State should require at its capital. Here begins
the first stage of the city's existence.
First Period. — From the first undisputed settle-
ment in the spring of 1820 to the removal of the
State offices from Corydon in the fall of 1824, and
the first meeting of the Legislature the following
winter, a period of nearly five years, Indianapolis was
a pioneer village, scattered about in the dense woods,
grievously troubled with chills and fever, and little
more encouraged for the future than any other little
county town. The first newspaper was started in
1822, the next in 1823 ; the first Sunday-school in
1823; the first church was built in 1824; the post-
oifice opened in March, 1822.
Second Period. — From the arrival of the capital,
in a four-horse wagon and ten days from the Ohio,
to the completion of the first railway in October,
1847, an interval of nearly twenty-three years, the
town was passing through its second stage. It grew
from a village to a respectable town, with several par-
tially developed germs of industrie.s, which have since
become second to very few in the Union, and with a
mayor and Council and the name and airs of a city.
For the first eleven years of this period the State
Legislature met in the county court-house. In 1832
came the first town government by " trustees,"
changed to " couneilmen" in 1888, and to " mayor
and Council" in 1847. In 1835 the old State-
20
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
House was completed, and the first fire-engine bought.
In 1834 the first bank (the old State Bank) was
chartered. In 1832 the first manufacturing enter-
prise was put in operation, and failed in a year or
two more. The fir.st brewery, tobacco-factory, linseed-
oil mill, paper-mill, merchant flour-mill, woolen-mill,
soap-factory, the first pork-packing, all date from
about 1835 to 1840. An iron foundry was at-
tempted in 1832, but failed very soon. In 1842
the first steps were taken to establish the Asylum for
the Insane. In 1843 the first tax was levied to pre-
pare for the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. In
1845 a similar levy was made to establish the Asylum
for the Blind. These are all located in or near the
city. This was a period of planting rather than
growth. The failure of the " Internal Improve-
ment" system in 1839 left the town with a few
miles of useless canal. The river was never naviga-
ble except for flat-boats in spring freshets. But one
steamer ever reached the town, and it did not get
back for six months. There were no means of trans-
portation, natural or artificial, but dirt-roads " cross-
layed" or " corduroyed," and covered four-horse
wagons hauling from Cincinnati at a dollar a hun-
dred. All this restriction of business and inter-
course changed a good deal with the completion of
the old Madison Railroad, which had formed part of
the State's system of improvements, and been sold to
a company when the State failed. Within a half-
dozen years came a half-dozen more railroads, and
the city entered what may be called its " third
period," though, except in its greater rate of progress,
there is little to distinguish it from that which fol-
lowed it and covers the city's history to the present
time.
Third Period. — From the completion of the first
railroad, Oct. 1, 1847, to the breaking out of the
civil war in April, 18t)l, a period of thirteen years
and a half, there was a decided quickening of the
city's energy and development. To it belongs the
establishment of the free school system in 1853, and
the permanent establishment of all the present lead-
ing industries in iron, lumber, grain, and pork.
There were the seeds and some wholesome sprouts of
all these before, but with the opening of railroad
transportation came an impulse that made almost a
new creation. The Jefi'ersonville Railroad, the Belle-
fontaine (Bee Line), the Vandalia, and the Lafayttte
were all completed in 1852, and portions of all were
in operation a year or two earlier. The Central (Pan
Handle) was completed in 1853, the Peru in 1854,
the Cincinnati (now with Lafayette making Cin-
cinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago) in
1853, the Union tracks and depot in 1853. With
the concentration of the State's troops here dur-
ing the war, and the business of all kinds requireil
for their care, equipment, and transportation, came
a sudden force of growth which compelled business
to betake itself to several convenient streets, when
previously it had been confined mainly to Wasli-
ington Street and the vicinity of the Union
Depot. Population more than doubled during this
period, from eight thousand in 1850 to eighteen
thousand in 1860, but it nearly tripled from 1860 to
1870. The civil war and the changes it forced or
aided may, therefore, properly mark an epoch in the
city's history and begin the " fourth period."
Fourth Period. — From 1861 to 1883, twenty-two
years, population increased from forty-eight thousand
to about ninety-five thousand, and the amount of busi-
ness increased in a still larger proportion. The Junc-
tion, the Vincennes, the Bloomington and Western,
the St. Louis, the Springfield and Decatur, the Chi-
cago Air Line, and the Belt Railroads have all been
built in this period, and two others projected. Other
results are better exhibited in a condensed state-
ment of the present condition of the city, produced
by the changes and advances in the sixty-three years
covered by these four periods. One form of these
combined results may be stated in the favorite boast
of the citizens, that " Indianapolis is the largest
wholly inland city in the United States." It has not
and never has had any navigable water nearer than
the Ohio and the lower Wabash, except, as already
remarked, that freshets in the river occasionally let a
few flat-boats, loaded with grain, or whiskey, or pork,
or poultry, or hay, down into the Mississippi to the
towns in the cotton and sugar region. But these
opportunities were uncertain, and the voyages were
uncertain when opportunities were used, so that flat-
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
21
boating never contributed sensibly to the growth of
Indianapolis.
CHAPTER III.
First Period — Early Settlements — Organization of Marion
County and Erection of Townships — Erection of Public
Buildings — Notable Events and Incidents of the Early Set-
tlement and of Later Years — Opening of Roads — Original
Entries of Lands in the County.
Although the treaty of 1818 expressly conceded
the occupancy of the " New Purchase," as it was called
by the whites, to the Indians till 1821, its profusion of
game, its fertility, its abundance of excellent building
timber began to allure settlers from the White Water
Valley before a year had passed, and from the Ohio
River before the reservation had expired. It will
give the reader a suggestion of the natural attractions
of the country to suggest that Mr. William H. Jones,
a leading dealer in lumber in the city, aided when a
boy, in 1824, in catching young fawns iu the vicinity
of the present site of the Vandalia Railroad depot
and of the corner of West and Merrill Streets ; that
Robert Harding, one of the earliest settlers, killed a
deer on the area called the " donation" for the first
Fourth of July celebration and barbecue in 1822 ;
that as late as 1845 or later wild turkeys in their
migrations made a roost in a large sugar grove tliat
covered the portion of the present city site about
Meridian, Illinois, and Tennessee Streets above the
crossing of St. Clair or thereabouts. As late as 1845
a turkey scared from this roost by hunters ran into
the city and into the basement of what was called the
" Governor's House," in Circle Park, and was caught
there. Lost quail were frequently heard piping in the
back yards of residences. In 1822 saddles of veni-
Bon sold at twenty-five to fifty cents, wild turkeys at
ten to twelve and a half, a bushel of wild pigeons for
fwenty-five cents. An early sketch of the condition
of the country says, " A traveler who ascended the
river a few years prior to the settlement saw the banks
frequently dotted with wigwams and the stream en-
livened by Indian canoes. At night parties for ' fire-
hunting' or ' fire-fishing' were frequent among the
Indians, and occasionally formed by thoii- white suc-
cessors."
The first settlers drawn to the New Purchase were
Jacob Whetzel and his son Cyrus. The former was
the brother, the latter the nephew of the noted scout
and Indian-fighter, Lewis Whetzel, or Wetzel, dis-
tinguished in the bloody annals of West Virginia and
Pennsylvania. " The elder Whetzel," says Mr. Now-
land, in his " Promment Citizens," " soon after the
conclusion of the St. Mary's treaty went to Ander-
son, bead chief of the Delawares, who lived in the
large Delaware town named for the chief and retain-
ing the name still, and from him obtained pormi.ssion
to ' blaze a trace' from the White Water in Franklin
County to the Blufi's of White River.' It may be as
well to explain for the benefit of later settlers that
" blazing" was cutting away a large strip of bark and
wood from a tree-trunk on the side next to the pro-
posed " trace" or road. Such a mark would remain
conspicuous for many months in an interminable
forest without a sign of human presence except that,
and a series of them close together along the line of
a proposed road would be a sure and easy guide to
backwoodsmen or any traveler with sense enough to
be trusted alone. The two Whetzels came to the
BluiFs in the spring of 1819, before the government
surveys were completed or commenced in some cases.
Their settlement was a little below the present south
boundary of the county.
" The first white residents of the county," Mr. Dun-
can (before referred to) says, " were Judge Fabius
M. Finch, his father and family, who came to the site
of Noblesville or near it in. the spring of 1819, ' that
region being then a part of the county, but separated
in a few years. In the fidl of 1818 one Dr. Douglass
came up the river from below to the Blufi's, and re-
mained there a short time, and in January, 1819,
James Paxton came down the river from the upper
waters to the site of the city, and came again a year
later in 1820. The first settler in the present area of
the county will probably remain an unsettled ques-
tion for all time, as it was a disputed point in 1822,
has been ever since, and is more peremptorily disputed
now than ever. The prevailing tradition is that
George Pogue, a blacksmith from the White Water
22
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
settlements, came here March 2, 1819, building a
double log cabin on the line of Michigan Street a little
way east of the creek, on the high ground bordering
the creek bottom, and lived there with his family,
the solitary occupants of Marion County within its
present limits, till the 27th of the following February,
when John and James McCormick arrived with their
families and built cabins on the river bank near the
old National road bridge. The priority of settlement
lies between these families and Mr. Pogue's. Within
a few months past one William H. White, of Han-
cock County, claims that he was born on the city site
Oct. 4, 1819, near where Odd-Fellows' Hall now
stands, on the corner of Washington and Pennsyl-
vania Streets. Old settlers as early as 1820-21
have no recollection of any account of such an occur-
rence, and births were too rare in those days to allow
the first one in the county or any suggestion of it,
however vague or doubtful, to be forgotten. The im-
pression seems to be that Mr. White has been misled
by some accidental confusion or by the failing
memory of his relatives. He may be right, but he
is distrusted by settlers who arrived here within a
year of the alleged occurrence, and discredited by
the opportunities of knowing the truth of many who
arrived within two years and repel his claim.
In the summer of 1822, a little more than a year
after Pogue's death. Dr. Samuel G. Mitchell, the old-
est physician in the place, published in the Gazette,
the first paper in the place, a discussion of the pre-
tensions of Pogue to the honor of being the first
settler, in which he maintained that the McCormicks
were the first, and that Pogue came a month later,
about the time. the Maxwells and Cowan came. No
reply was made to this direct attack on the general
opinion of the settlers, which certainly suggests a
reasonable probability that its statement was indis-
putable, and that the tradition of a general concur-
rence in awarding Pogue the credit is ill-founded.
But there comes in here the countervailing considera-
tion that the pioneers of the backwoods were little
given to glorifying the pen or looking to the papers
for instruction. Nobody may have been disposed to
take the trouble to contradict what he knew nobody
but Mitchell believed, or he may, very fixirly, have
concluded that in a little two-year-old village in the
woods it would be less trouble to contradict the story
" by word of mouth" to every man in the place than
to attempt so unusual a feat as writing for the papers.
But this early and public contest of Pogue's claim by
an intelligent man, at a time when there could hardly
have been an adult, male or female, who did not know
the truth, creates a strong doubt against the current
of tradition. The probability inclines to Mrs. Pogue's
statement at an " Old Settlers' " meeting in 1854, as
Mr. Robert B. Duncan remembers it. She was more
than fourscore years old then, but her memory of
early events seemed clear and accurate. She said
that her husband and family came here on the 2d of
March, 1820, and the McCormicks came on the 7th
of the same month. This seems to be final as to the
first settlement being made in 1820 instead of 1819,
as has generally been believed, whether it settles the
question of individual pi'iority or not. Where two or
three families arrive at a place in a primeval forest
within four or five days of each other, and a mile or
two apart, it is easy to see how each set of the sepa-
rated settlers may suppose itself the first. Virtually
they are simultaneous arrivals, and the truth, or at
least the probability, of history compromises this
long-mooted question by concluding that the Pogues
and McCormicks were all first settlers.
Whether Pogue was the first man to live here or
not, he was certainly the first to die here. Mr. Now-
land's description of the man and account of his death
so strikingly exhibit some of the characteristics of the
time and country that it is reproduced here. " George
Pogue was a large, broad-shouldered, and stout man,
with dark hair, eyes, and complexion, about fifty years
of age, and a native of North Carolina. His dress
was like that of a Pennsylvania Dutchman, a drab
overcoat with many capes, and a broad-brimmed felt
hat. He was a blacksmith, and the first of that trade
to enter the ' New Purchase.' To look at the man as
we saw him last, one would think he was not afraid to
meet a whole camp of Delawares in battle array, which
fearlessness, in fact, was most probably the cause of
his death. One evening about twilight a straggling
Indian, known to the settlers as well as to the In-
dians as Wyandotte John, stopped at the cabin of Mr.
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
23
Pogue and asked to stay all night. Mr. Pogue did
not like to keep him, but thought it best not to refuse,
as the Indian was known to be a bad and very des-
perate man, having left his own tribe in Ohio for some
oflFense, and was now wandering among the various
Indiana tribes. His principal lodging-place the pre-
vious winter was a hollow sycamore log that lay under
the bluff and just above the east end of the National
road bridge over White River. (Above the site of
the bridge, Mr. Nowland means, as the bridge was not
buUt for more than ten years after.) On the upper
side of the log he had hooks, made by cutting the
forks or limbs of bushes, on which he rested his gun.
At the open end of the log next to the water he
built his fire, which rendered his domicile as comfort-
able as most of the cabins. After John was furnished
with something to eat, Mr. Pogue, knowing him to be
traveling from one Indian camp to another, inquired
if he had seen any white man's horses at any of the
camps. John said ho had left a camp of Delawares
that morning, describing the place to be on Buck
Creek, about twelve miles east, and near where the
Rushville State road crosses that creek ; that he had
seen horses there with iron hoofs (they had been
shod), and described the horses so minutely as to lead
Mr. Pogue to believe they were his. Although the
horses were described so accurately, Mr. Pogue was
afraid that it was a deception to lure him into the
woods, and mentioned his suspicions to his family.
When the Indian left the next morning he took a
direction towards the river, where nearly all the set-
tlement was. Pogue followed him for some distance
to see whether he would turn his course towards the
Indian camps, but found that he kept directly on
towards the river. Mr. Pogue returned to his cabin
and told his family he was going to the Indian camp
for his horses. He took his gun, and with his dog
set out on foot for the Delaware camp, and was never
afterwards seen or heard of. We remember that there
were a great many conflicting stories about his clothes
and horses being seen in possession of the Indians,
all of which were untrue. There can be no doubt
that the Wyandotte told Mr. Pogue the truth in
regard to the horses, and in his endeavor to get pos-
session of them had a difficulty with the Delawares
and was killed, at least that was the prevailing opinion
at the time. Nothing has ever been learned of his
fate to this day, further than that he was never seen
or heard of again, though the settlers formed a com-
pany to search all the Indian camps about within fifty
miles to find some indication that might lead to a
clearing up of the mystery." Pogue's Creek, once
the pride and now the pest of the city, takes its name
from the proto-martyr, if not proto-settler, of the city
and county.
Within a week or two after the arrival of the Mc-
Cormicks, John Maxwell and John Cowan came and
built on the high ground near the present crossing of
the Crawfordsville road over Fall Creek, very near the
site of the City Hospital. During the following
three months a number of new-comers arrived, and
settled principally in the vicinity of the river. Those
best remembered are the Davis brothers ( Henry and
Samuel), Isaac Wilson (who built the first cabin on
what was afterwards the old town plat in May), Robert
Harding, Mr. Barnhill, Mr. Corbaley, Mr. "Van Blari-
cum. About the time of the arrival of the last of this
first group of pioneers the State capital was located here
by the commissioners appointed by the Legislature
for that purpose.
When the State was admitted into the Union,
April 19, 1816, a donation of four sections — four
square miles — was made by Congress for the site of
a capital, to be located wherever the State might
choose upon unsold lands of the government. No
selection had been made or attempted in the four
years since the State's admission. The capital, which
had been kept at Vincennes by Governor Harrison
during his administration as Territorial Governor,
from 1801 to 1812, was removed to Corydon, Harri-
son Co., by the Legislature, May 1, 1813, and re-
mained there till its permanent settlement here in
the fall of 1824. On the llth of January, 1820,
the Legislature appointed ten commissioners to make
selection of a site for a permanent capital. They
were John Tipton (an old ludian trader), John Con-
ner (brother of William above referred to, and like
him reared from childhood among the Indians, the
founder of Connersville), George Hunt, John Gilli-
land, Stephen Ludlow, Joseph Bartholomew, Jesse
24
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
B. Durham, Frederick Rapp, William Prince, Thomas
Emerson. They were ordered to meet at Conner's
place (north of the city) early in the spring. Appar-
ently only half of them served, as only five votes
were given in determining the selection. But Mr.
Nowland says there were nine when the party got to
Conner's, Mr. Prince alone being unable to attend.
If this is correct there must have been four commis-
sioners who did not like any of the sites examined
and declined to vote. A part of them met at Vin-
cennes about the middle of May, 1820, and were
joined there by the father and uncle of Mr. Nowland,
who were on their way to Kentucky from Illinois,
but were persuaded to accompany the commissioners.
The party ascended the river to the Bluflfs, where
the Whetzels had settled the year before and had
been joined by four or five other families. After
resting a day at this point and making an examina-
tion of it, they came on up to the mouth of Fall
Creek, and remained a day, some of them expressing
themselves pleased with the country and disposed to
put the capital here. Mr. Nowland told the commis-
sioners that if the location were made here he would
move out in the fall, and do all he could to induce
other Kentuckians to join him. The mouth of Fall
Creek had been the customary place of crossing the
river by the whites ever since the White River Valley
had been known to them. Mr. Nowland (the author)
says that Lieut, (afterwards General and President)
Taylor told him that he had crossed the river here
with his force when going from Louisville to the Wa-
bash to build Fort Harrison, now Terra Haute, in
1811. While the force was here Col. Abel C. Pep-
per, United States Marshal of the State under Taylor,
met Tecumseh, who was on a mission to the Dela-
wares, doubtless to induce them to join his combina-
tion against the whites. The party went on to
Conner's, some sixteen miles north, as before stated,
and examined the situation there. One or two
seemed to favor it, but the whole party returned here,
and after re-examining the country, decided on the
7th of June, 1820, by vote of three to two, for the
Bluffs, to locate the capital here. On the 6th of
January following, 1821, the selection was approved
by the Legislature and the location decided irrevocably.
The commissioners reported that they had selected
Sections 1 and 12, east and west fractional sections
numbered 2, east fractional section numbered 1 1 ,
and so much of the east part of west fractional sec-
tion numbered 3, to be set off by a line north and
south, as will complete the donation of two thou-
sand five hundred and sixty acres, in Township 15,
Range 3 east. The Legislature, after approving the
location, named the future city and capital Indianapo-
lis, the " city of Indiana." The name was suggested
by the late Judge Jeremiah Sullivan, in the com-
mittee charged with the preparation of the confirma-
tory bill. He gave an interesting account of the
affair in a letter to Governor Baker, which may be
pertinently introduced here :
" I have a very distinct recollection of the great
diversity of opinion that prevailed as to the name
by which the new town should receive legislative
baptism. The bill, if I remember aright, was re-
ported by Judge Polk, and was in the main very
acceptable. A blank, of course, was left for the
name of the town that was to become the seat of
government, and during the two or three days we
spent in endeavoring to fill the blank there wa.^
in the debate some sharpness and much amuse-
ment. Gen. Marston G. Clark, of Washington
County, proposed ' Tecumseh' as the name, and
very earnestly insisted on its adoption. When it
failed he suggested other Indian names, which I
have forgotten. They all were rejected. A member
proposed ' Suwarrow,' which met with no favor.
Other names were proposed, discussed, laughed at,
and voted down, and the House, without coming to
any agreement, adjourned until the next day. There
were many amusing things said, but my remem-
brance of them is not sufficiently distinct to state
them with accuracy. I had gone to Corydon with
the intention of proposing Indianapolis as the name
of the town, and on the evening of the adjourn-
ment above mentioned, or the next morning, I sug-
gested to Mr. Samuel Merrill, the representative
from Switzerland County, the name I proposed.
He at once adopted it, and said he would support
it. We together called on Governor Jennings, who
had been a witness of the amusing proceedings the
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
25
day previous, and told him what conclusion we had
come to, and asked him what he thought of the
Dame. He gave us to understand that he favored
it, and that he would not hesitate to so express him-
self When the House met and went into com-
mittee on the bill, I moved to fill the blank with
Indianapolis. The name created quite a laugh. Mr.
Merrill, however, seconded the motion. We dis-
cussed the matter fully, gave our reasons in sup-
port of the proposition, the members conversed with
each other informally in regard to it, and the name
gradually commended itself to the committee, and
was adopted. The principal reason in favor of adopt-
ing the name proposed — to wit. that the Greek ter-
mination would indicate to all the world the locality
of the town — was, I am sure, the reason that over-
came the opposition to the name. The town was
finally named Indianapolis with but little if any op-
position." One may well feel puzzled to understand
the force exerted by the argument that " the Greek
termination of the name would indicate the locality
of the town." The termination means " city," and
that is all. The other half of the name would in-
dicate locality though, and the combination would
fairly enough suggest a State capital, so that its apt-
ness is evident, whether the argument that secured it
was sound or not.
By the same act of approval and naming the new
capital the Legislature appointed Christopher Harri-
son (no relative of the general's), James Jones, and
Samuel P. Booker commissioners to lay oif the town.
They were directed to meet on the site on the first
Monday of April, 1821, to perform that duty, and
make plats or maps of the town, one for the Secretary
of State and one for the State agent. They were
also to advertise and hold a sale of the lots as soon as
practicable, reserving the alternate lots. The pro-
ceeds of the sales were to be used in erecting the
buildings required by the government. Harrison was
the only one of the commissioners who attempted to
perform his duties. He was a Marylander by birth,
a very eccentric man, of excellent education and cul-
tivated tastes, who came to Southern Indiana early
in the century, and some years after the completion
of his work as commissioner returned to Maryland,
and lived to a ripe old age. It is said on good au-
thority that he was engaged to be married to Miss
Elizabeth Patterson, a noted belle of Baltimore, but
the attentions of Prince Jerome Bonaparte over-
powered her scruples and her fiiith, and she married
the brother of the great Corsicau, only to find herself
repudiated by him and excluded from the ambition
that had betrayed her. Mr. Harrison came to Jeffer-
son County about 1804, and lived there the life of
a hermit with his dogs and books for several years,
then removed to Salem, Washington Co., and there
his rare attainments — rare in the backwoods at
least — and his abilities forced him into public life,
and finally into the position of founder of the city of
Indianapolis. He came to the little yearling village
at the time appointed, and selected as surveyors Alex-
ander Ralston and Elias P. Fordham, with Benjamin
I. Blythe as clerk of the Board of Commissioners.
Mr. Blythe lived to an advanced age in the city,
and was one of the earliest of the enterprising men
who laid the foundations of the city's pork-packing
prosperity. Of Mr. J^ordham little appears to have
been known at the time, and nothing can be learned
now. Ralston was a Scotchman, a man of marked
ability and rare attainments as well as high chaiacter.
When quite young he had been employed in assist-
ing the laying out of Washington City, and may have
got then the preference for wide streets and oblique
avenues which he exhibited so signally and benefi-
cially here. He became associated with Burr's expe-
dition, presumably in ignorance of its real character,
as most of the conspirator's following were, came West
in connection with it, and remained when it failed.
He remained in Indianapolis after completing his
work, and in 1825 was appointed by the Legislature
to survey White River and make an estimate of the
expense of removing the drifts and snags and other
obstructions to navigation, and reported the following
winter. He built a brick residence on West Mary-
land Street, a half-square west of Tennessee, and lived
there till his death, early in 1827. He was buried
in the " Old Cemetery," and his grave was long un-
known. A few years ago, however, some old resi-
dents made a close examination and found it, or were
confident they had.
26
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
The Indiana Journal of Jan. 9, 1827, contained
an obituary notice of him, which from his prom-
inence in the settlement may be reproduced here.
He died on the 5th, at the age of fifty-six. " Mr.
Ralston was a native of Scotland, but emigrated
early in life to America. He lived many years at
the city of Washington, then at Louisville, Ky.,
afterwards near Salem, in this State, and for the last
five years in this place. His earliest and latest occu-
pation in the United States was surveying, in which
he was long employed by the government at Wash-
ington, and his removal to this place was occasioned
by his appointment to make the original survey of it.
During the intervening period merchandise and agri-
culture engaged his attention. In the latter part of his
life he was our county surveyor, and his leisure time
was employed in attending to a neat garden, in which
various useful and ornamental plants, fruit, etc., were
carefully cultivated. Mr. Ralston was successful in
his profession, honest in his dealings, gentlemanly in
his deportment, a liberal and hospitable citizen, and
a sincere and ardent friend. He had experienced
much both of the pleasures and pains incident to
human life. The respect and esteem of the generous
and good were always awarded to him, and he found
constant satisfaction in conferring favors, not only on
his own species, but even on the humblest of the
brute creation ; he would not willingly set foot upon
a worm. But his unsuspecting nature made him
liable to imposition ; his sanguine expectations were
often disappointed. His independent spirit some-
times provoked opposition, and his extreme sensi-
bility was frequently put to the severest trials.
Though he stood alone among us in respect to
family, his loss will be long lamented." Mr. Now-
land adds that the old bachelor's house " was kept
for him by a colored woman named Chaney Lively,"
who was the second colored person in the place. Dr.
Mitchell brought the first, a boy named Ephraim
Ensaw. These were the first colored residents, but
a colored man came out with Mr. Maxwell in 1820,
and remained here a few months. His name was
Aaron Wallace, and a few years ago he returned here
to reside permanently, after an absence of nearly
sixty years. " Aunt Chaney," as she was called, was
well known to the South Side school-boys forty-five
or fifty years ago. Her residence was the north-
west corner of Maryland and Meridian Streets. She
married a barber named Britton.
On the completion of the surveying force, work
was begun at once in marking out the sections and
fractions selected by the locating commissioners in
June, 1820. The whole donation lay upon the east
bank of the river except a fractional section on the
west bank, where Indianola stands. A plat of one
mile square was set in the middle of the donation,
and almost in the middle of the plat the Circle was
placed, to be made the site of the Grovernor's resi-
dence. It was not used for that purpose, however,
though a large house was erected there in 1827 at
considerable expense, some six thousand five hundred
dollars. The publicity of the situation made it un-
desirable as a family residence, and it was used ex-
clusively as rooms for the judges of the Supreme
Court, the State auditor and engineer, the State
Library and State Bank, and occasionally for local
or individual purposes. It was proposed at one
time to add wings on each side and make a State-
House of it. It was sold as old building material in
April, 1857, for six hundred and sixty-five dollars,
and torn down and carried ofi" in the last days of the
same month. The Circle was not put in the centre
of the donation, because if the centre of the town
had corresponded with the centre of the donation, it
would have thrown too much of the central portion
of the town plat into the valley of Pogue's Creek.
The point where the four sections of the donation
" corner" is about ten feet west and five feet south of
the southeast corner of the lot occupied by the Occi-
dental Hotel. The Circle was set nearly a square
east and two squares north for the purpose stated.
A natural elevation at this point, thickly covered
with a growth of tall straight sugar-trees, aided its
nearly central situation iu making it the centre of the
original town plat. It contains between three and
four acres, and is surrounded by an eighty-feet street.
Extending north and south from the Circle on a
meridian line is Meridian Street, and crossing the
latter from east to west is Market Street, both carried
to the limits of the city, except the west end of
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
27
Market, which is blocked at Blackford Street. Par-
allel with Market and one square south is Washing-
ton Street, the main thoroughfare of the city, one
hundred and twenty feet wide. The whole plat, one
mile square, is surrounded by ninety-feet streets,
called respectively, from their location, North, South,
East, and West. The area inside these limits is di-
vided into eighty-nine blocks and fractions by nine
streets north to south and nine east to west, each
ninety feet wide except Washington. The blocks
are four hundred and twenty feet square, and are
divided into four equal parts, each containing one
acre, by alleys fifteen feet wide running north and
south, and thirty feet running east and west. All of
the streets, except the two central ones meeting at
the Circle, the main street, and the four bounding
the plat, are named for the States of the Union in
1821. The most marked features of the original de-
sign of the city are the Circle and the avenues radi-
ating from it, and starting at the corners most re-
mote from it of the four blocks that adjoin it.
These are named for States like the others. The
squares are broken by six fractions and three con-
siderable irregular tracts in Pogue's Run Valley, so
that the number of completed squares is only eighty-
nine. The intersections of the streets would have
made one hundred if completion had been possible.
Three lots were made of each quarter of a square or
acre, giving to each lot of the original plat one-third
of an acre. Few of these now retain their original
dimensions. They were sixty-seven and one-half
feet wide on the streets by one hundred and ninety-
five feet deep, being longer where they abutted upon
the narrow alleys. The half-mile of the donation
lying all round the mile square in the middle of it,
except on the river side, was not platted. In 1822
the Legislature ordered the fraction west of the river
to be laid off in tracts of five to twenty acres by the
State agent, and in 1831 he was ordered to lay off all
the remainder of the donation, some nineteen hun-
dred acres, into lots of two to fifty acres, and sell
them at a minimum price of ten dollars an acre.
These were used chiefly for farming purposes and
pastures till the growth of the city began to overrun
them. It was never imagined that the city or town
would extend to these exterior lots at all, and that
they should be covered by it would have been as in-
credible as an Arabian Night tale. Now the city
covers nearly three times the area of tiie donation.
The four streets bounding the old plat — North,
South, East, and West — were not in it at first, but
were put there at the solicitation of James Blake,
who represented to Commissioner Harrison the ad-
vantages such streets would be as public drives and
promenades when the town grew up.
The act of the Legislature creating the commission
to lay off the town required the appointment of an
agent of the State at six hundred dollars a year for a
term of three years, who was to live at Indianapolis
and attend to the disposal of the lots. Gen. John
Carr was the first agent. The place was subsequently
held by several persons, among them James Milroy,
Bethuel F. Morris, Ebenezer Sharpe, B. I. Blythe,
clerk of the commission, Thomas H. Sharpe, and
John Cook. The duties were finally transferred to
the-Secretary of State. The commissioners, or rather
one of them, having completed the survey and plat,
advertised the first sale for the second Monday in
October, 1821, and it took place at the tavern of Mat-
thias Nowland, father of John H. B., author of
" Prominent Citizens of Indianapolis." This stood
near Washington Street, west of Missouri; and at
the request of the State agent, Mr. Nowland had
built an addition to serve as an office. Oct. 9, 1821,
was " a raw, cold day," says a sketch of the city's
early history written some twenty-five years or more
ago ; " a high wind prevailed, and a man in attend-
ance came near being killed by a falling limb." The
town was very much crowded. Strangers from vari-
ous quarters had come to settle in the new place or
to secure property. The three taverns, kept by
Hawkins, Carter, and Nowland, were crowded, and
in many cases the citizens were called upon to share
their homes with the new-comers till they could erect
cabins. The bidding at the sale was quite spirited,
and, considering the position and advantages of the
settlement, high prices were obtained in some cases.
" The reservation of alternate lots was begun by the
commissioner by reserving lot No. 1." The best
sales were north and east of the bulk of the settle-
28
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ment, which was on and near the river, owing to
the prevalence of chills and fever the summer before,
when everybody, old and young, was down at one
time or another, except Enoch Banks, Thomas
Chinn, and Nancy Hendricks. This visitation gave
an eastern impulse to settlement, and accounts for
the higher prices of lots more remote from the river.
The number of lots sold amounted to three hundred
and fourteen, mostly in the central and northern parte
of the plat, and the total value of the sales was thirty-
five thousand five hundred and ninety -six dollars and
twenty-five cents. The highest price brought by a
single lot was by the lot on Washington Street, west
of the Court-House Square, which brought five hun-
dred and sixty dollars. That on the same street,
west of the State- House Square, brought five hun-
dred dollars. The intervening lots sold from one
hundred to three hundred dollars each. The condi-
tions of the sale required the payment of one-fifth of
the purchase-money down, and the remainder in four
equal annual installments.
The sales continued a week, and the amount paid
down was seven thousand one hundred and nineteen
dollars and twenty-five cents. Thomas Carter was auc-
tioneer, and the late James M. Ray clerk of these first
sales. Not a few of these lots are now worth one thou-
sand dollars a front foot, some are worth more. " Out-
lots" that were sold at first for ten, twenty, or thirty
dollars could not be bought now for as many thou-
sands, in some cases twice that. Of the lots purchased
at this first sale, one hundred and sixty-nine were
afterwards forfeited, or the payments made on one lot
were transferred to another, under an act passed a little
later " for the relief of purchasers of lots in Indian-
apolis." The early sketch already referred to says,
" These forfeited lots and the reserved lots were once
or twice afterwards offered at public sale, and kept
open for purchase all the time. But prices became
depressed, money scarce, sickness caused general de-
spondency, and for several years after the winter of
1821-22 there were but few lots sold. The amount
of cash reserved by the State for donation lands up
to 1842 was about one hundred and twenty-five
thousand dollars." This the law made a public build-
ing fund, out of which was erected a State-House,
court-house. Governor's house (in the Circle), treas-
urer's house and office, office of clerk of the Supreme
Court, and a ferryman's house at the foot of Wash-
ington Street.
The settlers brought to the new capital by the re-
port of its selection for that purpose speedily trebled
its population, and more. During the summer and
fall of 1820 there came Dr. Samuel G. Mitchell,
John and James Givan (among the first merchants I,
William or Wilkes Reagan, Matthias Nowland, James
M. Ray, James Blake, Nathaniel Cox, Thomas
Anderson, John Hawkins, Dr. Livingston Dunlap,
Daniel Yandes, David Wood, Col. Alexander W.
Russell, Dr. Isaac Coe, Douglass Maguire, and others
unnamed and not easily identified as to the time
of arrival. Morris Morris is said by one of these
early sketches to have come here in 1819, in the fall
(probably inadvertently for 1820), when he came only
in the fall of 1821. Mr. Nowland says that James
M. Ray, James Blake, Daniel Yandes, the Givans,
Dr. Mitchell, Dr. Coe, Dr. Dunlap, Col. Russell came
the following spring and summer, 1821, and with
them Daniel Shaffer, the first merchant, who died in
the summer of 1821, Robert Wilmot, and Calvin
Fletcher, the first lawyer. It is impossible now to
make a complete list of the settlers up to the layini:
out of the town and the first sale of lots, but with
the help of such records as have been made, and such
memories as are accessible, a muster-roll of consid-
erable interest can be made :
George Pogue (blacksmith), possibly, 1819, spring.
Fabius M. Finch (lawyer), 1819, summer.
John McCormick (tavern), 1820, spring.
James McCormick, 1820, spring.
John Maxwell ('squire), 1820, spring.
John Cowan, 1820, spring.
Robert Harding (farmer), 1820, spring.
Van Blaricum (farmer), 1820, spring.
Henry Davis (chairmaker), 1820, spring.
Samuel Davis (chairmaker), 1820, spring.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley (farmer), 1820, spring.
Robert Barnhill (farmer), 1820, spring.
Isaac Wilson (miller), 1820, spring.
Matthias Nowland (mason), 1820, fall.
Dr. S. G. Mitchell, 1820, fall.
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
29
Thomas Anderson (wagonmaker), 1820, fall.
Alexander Ralston (surveyor), 1820, fall.
Dr. Isaac Coe, 1820, spring.
James B. Hall (carpenter), 1820, winter.
■" Andrew Byrne (tailor), 1820, fall.
Michael lugals (teamster), 1820, winter.
Kenneth A. Seudder (first drug-store), 1820, sum-
mer.
Conrad Brussell (baker), 1820, fall.
Milo R. Davis (plasterer), 1820, winter.
Samuel Morrow, 1820, summer.
James J. iMcIlvain ('squire), 1820, summer.
Eliakim Harding ('squire), 1821, summer.
Mr. Lawrence (teacher), 1821, summer.
Daniel Larkias (grocery), 1821, summer.
Lismund Basye (Swede), 1821, fall.
Robert Wilmot (merchant), 1820, winter.
James Kittleman (shoemaker), 1821.
Andrew Wilson (miller), 1821.
John McClung (preacher), 1821, spring.
Daniel Shaffer, 1821, January.
Jeremiah Johnson (farmer), 1820, spring.
Wilkes Reagan (butcher), 1821, .summer.
Obed Foote (lawyer), 1821, summer.
Calvin Fletcher (lawyer), 1821, fall.
James Blake, 1821, spring.
Alexander W. Russell (merchant), 1821, spring.
Caleb Soudder, 1821, fall.
George Smith (first publisher), 1821, fall.
James Scott (Methodist preacher), 1821, fall.
0. P. Gaines (first Presbyterian preacher), 1821,
summer.
James Linton (millwright), 1821, summer.
Joseph C. Reed (first teacher), 1821, spring.
James Paxton (militia officer), 1821, fall.
Daniel Yandes (first tanner), 1821, January.
Caleb Soudder (cabinet-maker), 1821, fall.
George Myers (potter), 1821, f\dl.
Nathaniel Bolton (first editor), 1821, fall.
Amos Hanway (cooper), 1821, summer.
John Shunk (hatter), 1821, fall.
Isaac Lynch (shoemaker), 1821, fall.
James M. Ray (coach-lace maker), 1821, summer.
David Mallory (barber), 1821, spring.
John Y. Osborn, 1821, spring.
Samuel Henderson (first postmaster), 1821, fail.
Samuel Rooker (first painter), 1821, summer.
Thomas Johnson (farmer), 1820, winter.
Robert Patterson, 1821, fall. .
Aaron Drake (first mail), 1821.
William Townsend, 1820, summer.
J. R. Crumbaugh, 1821.
Harvey Gregg, 1821, fall.
Nathaniel Cox (carpenter), 1821.
Some thirty-three years ago the late Samuel Mer-
rill, Treasurer of State at the time of the removal of
the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis in the fall
of 1824, and charged with the supervision of the
work, prepared a map illustrating the progress of the
town at different periods, 1821, 1823, 1835, and
1850, to accompany the first historical sketch of the
city, prepared by him for the first " Gazetteer," issued
in 1850 by Chamberlain & Co., booksellers in the
town. The reader, understanding the old plat of the
city, and observing that its western boundary at
West Street was about a quarter of a mile from the
river, will see quite accurately the size and location
of the infant settlement of 1821 from a description
of the outline on this map. It extended along
Washington Street, wholly south of it, to a point
a little less than a block east of West Street, and
was less than a block in width for a distance equal to
two blocks, when it began widening, and at the river
reached from about the point where Georgia Street
strikes the bank to the old National road bridge.
The little settlement of Maxwell and Cowan farther
north, near the site of the City Hospital, seems to
have been completely detached from the main body
of the village. In 1823, the year before the arrival
of the capital, the settlement had shifted entirely
away from the river, its western extremity being
near West Street, and it extended in a narrow line
about a block in width on each side of Washington
Street to Meridian Street, where a point ran south to
Georgia Street on each side of Meridian, while east
of it, and passing east of the Circle, another point pro-
jected north as far as Ohio Street, and a third point
along Washington carried the settlement to a point
about half-way between Alabama and New Jersey
Streets. The shape of it is an exact cross, with one
30
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
arm a little higher than the other. In 1835 the
town had been under its own government by trus-
tees for two or three years, had established a brewery
and several manufactures, besides those for custom
service, had been the capital for over ten years, had
nearly completed the State-House, had a population
of about two thousand, and the County that year, as
announced by Mr. Calvin Fletcher in a public ad-
dress, contained thirteen hundred farms, and had
produced one million three hundred thousand bushels
of corn. In this condition of things the town formed
an irregular figure, much like a balloon, with the neck
near West Street, and the " bulge" opening pretty
rapidly up north to Michigan Street, reaching east to
New Jersey, and then south to Georgia and a little
below ; at the widest place, north to south, covering
seven squares, and it« greatest length along Washing-
ton Street very nearly covering the mile of the plat.
In 1850 it covered all of the plat but the northwest,
southwest, and southeast corners, and more than made
up for these deficiencies by projecting beyond it on
the northeast, the east, and the south along the Bluff
road or South Meridian Street.
In May, 1820, in three months after the first set-
tlement, or in any case after the first indications of a
possible settlement of more than a family or two,
there were fifteen or twenty families on the donation.
These increased to thirty or forty during the succeed-
ing year to July, when the sales of government lands
in this and adjoining counties began at the land-
office in Brookville, Franklin Co. Happily for
the pioneers of 1820, there was not so much sick-
ness as might have been expected, and nothing com-
parable to the visitation the next year, and, quite as
happily, nature had provided a " deadening," in
which they raised with little labor comparatively all
the corn and vegetables they needed to make a com-
fortable subsistence with the abundance of fish and
game to be had close at hand and with little trouble.
This natural " deadening" lay at the northwest cor-
ner of the donation, and contained some hundred or
more acres. The trees had been killed by eater-
pillars, and the pioneers cleared ofi' the underbrush
together, and held the field in common, simply
marking off each family's share by what Mr. Now-
land calls "turn-rows." This was known as the
"big field" for several years. Its products were
chiefly corn and pumpkins. In addition to this pro-
vision for the staples of vegetable food, each family
had a truck-patch in the rear of their log cabin,
where they raised such vegetables as they required
for immediate use, including the "love-apple," or
tomato, which nobody dreamed of eating for twenty
years afterwards. Little more belongs to the history
of this first year of the city's settlement than an ac-
count of the condition and modes of life of the set-
tlers, and that being much the same for all the early
years of the settlement will be told for all at once.
The year 1821 was an eventful one for the infant
capital. During the summer the donation had been
surveyed and the original city plat made, and a
number of the men who were to be most conspicuous
in its after-history, in spreading its business, estab-
lishing its industries, founding its schools, main-
taining its morality, its Fletcher, Yandes. Blake,
Ray, Morris, Russell, Dunlap, Brown, Landis,
had come or were on the way. It was a year of
universal sickness, privation, and suffering. Says an
early account, " Towards the end of summer and
during the fall epidemic remittent and intermittent
fevers and agues assailed the people, and scarcely a
person was left untouched. (In another place it is
told that Nancy Hendricks, Enoch Banks, and
Thomas Chinn were all that escaped.) The few
healthy ones were employed day and night in minis-
tering to the wants of the sufferers, and many in-
stances of generous and devoted friendship occurred
at this time. The recollection of their bitter suffer-
ings bound the early settlers together in after-life.
The new-comers might well be appalled at the pros-
pect before them, and it is no wonder that extrava-
gant stories were circulated of the sickness at In-
dianapolis. Although nearly every person in the
settlement was more or less assailed, and several
hundred cases occurred during the prevalence of the
epidemic, not more than twenty-five terminated
fatally. As winter approached the health of the
community improved, and by the end of the year it
was entirely restored. No cause was discovered for
the unparalleled visitation, which the old settlers
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
31
hold to this day in vivid remembrance." The report
of this calamity went abroad, and for many years
more or less aifected the otherwise strong induce-
ments of the settlement to new settlers, and for
thirty years malarial disorders came almost as regu-
larly as the seasons. The " sickly season" was as
well known and well defined a period as the " dog-
days," and continued so till the general clearing of
the county and drying out of low bottom lands and
swamps had diminished the sources of malarial influ-
ence. The effect of the epidemic of 1821 on the
settlement was to force it back from the river, and
extend it eastward past the Circle and Court-House
Square along Washington Street.
The first death in the settlement, by tradition, was
that of Daniel Shaffer, a merchant, who came early
in the year, opened a store on the high ground south
of the creek, near the present line of South Street,
and died in the summer following. The first woman
that died was the wife of John Maxwell, one of the
first two settlers after the McCormicks in the spring
of 1820. She died 3d of July, 1821, and was buried
on the bluff of Fall Creek, near the site of the City
Hospital. Eight persons were buried there during
the epidemic. Mr. Commissioner Harrison was seared
off home by it, but before he went he authorized
Daniel Shaffer, James Blake, and Matthias R. Now-
land to select a site for a cemetery. " One Sunday
morning early in August," says Mr. J. H. B. Now-
land, " they selected the place now known as the Old
Graveyard. One week from that day Mr. Shaffer was
buried there." If his memory is correct Mrs. Max-
well's was the first death in the settlement, and the
traditional burial of Shaffer near the corner of South
and Pennsylvania Streets, and subsequent removal to
the " Old Graveyard," now " Greenlawn Cemetery," is
a mistake. Most of the burials during the epidemic
were in that first cemetery.
Following this visitation came another hardly less
intolerable. The universal sickness prevented the
cultivation of the " caterpillar deadening," and the
influx of settlers at and after the first sales of lots
made provisions distressingly scarce. Coffee was
fifty cents a pound ; tea, two dollars ; corn, one dollar
a bushel ; flour, four to five dollars a hundred ; coarse
muslin or " factory," forty-five cents a yard. There
were no roads into the settlement, nor anything better
than cow-paths. All goods and provisions had to be
carried on horseback from the White Water Valley,
sixty miles away. The nearest grist-mill was Good-
lander's, on the White Water. Corn was mainly
bought of the Indians up the river and brought down
in boats. Later keel-boats brought considerable car-
goes of flour, whiskey, and powder, chiefly up the
river. The settlers considered each one's stock of
provisions the property of all that needed it, and
divided with unstinted generosity.
The year 1821 was marked by the establishment
of the first business house, the store of Daniel Shaffer.
He was followed in a short time by James and John
Givan, the latter of whom became a vagrant and
pauper, supported by an annuity contributed by the
merchants of the city, and died only a few years ago,
a very old man, with a marvelous memory of events
and persons of that early time. Robert Wilmot began
merchandising about the same time, or perhaps a little
earlier, near the present corner of Washington and
West Streets, in a row of cabins called " Wilmot's
Row." Luke Walpole opened in the same business
in the fall on the southwest corner of the State-House
Square, Jacob Landis on the southeast corner, and
Jeremiah Johnson on the northwest corner of Market
and Pennsylvania. The first log school-house was
built the same year, about where Kentucky Avenue
enters Illinois Street, near a large pond. The first
teacher was Joseph C. Reed, afterwards the first
county recorder. The first log house on the old city
plat was built by Isaac Wilson in the spring of 1820,
on the northwest corner of what was afterwards the
State- House Square. The first frame house was built
by James Blake on the lot east of Masonic Hall in the
fall of 1821. The timber had been cut during the
summer by James Paxton on the donation. This was
the first plastered house. That winter Thomas Carter,
the auctioneer of the lot sales, built a ceiled frame
tavern about where No. 40 West Washington Street
is, and called it the " Rosebush," in the old English
fashion of naming taverns, from a rough painting of
that object on the sign. It was long after removed
to a point near the canal, and then to West Street
32
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
near Maryland. John Hawkins had built a log tavern
the fall before on Washington Street, north side, near
the middle of the block east of Meridian. It may be
noted in this connection, though chronologically dis-
located, that the first brick building was erected for
John Johnson in 1822-23, on a lot opposite the site
of the post-ofiice. It was torn down a few years ago
to make room for a better structure. Though the
Johnson house was undoubtedly the first brick build-
ing in the town, it is not so certain that it was the first
in the county. Old residents of Wayne township, like
Mr. Blattern and Mr. Gladden, say that a two-story
brick residence was built by John Cook in 1821, in
what is now Maywood, near the line of Wayne and
Decatur townships. In its latter days, thirty-five or
forty years ago, it cracked through the middle, and
was held together by a hoop of large square logs,
notched at the corners and wedged tight, between the
lower and upper stories. It was a rare style of repair
for a building of any kind, and may still be remem-
bered by old residents on that account. It stood on
the northern blufi" of a low, level, wet prairie, the
only one in the county, of which the now drained and
cultivated remains, with possible patches of the orig-
inal condition, are on the southern border of May-
wood, and near the residence of Fielding Beeler, Esq.
James Linton built the first two-story house, a frame,
in the spring of 1822, on the site of No. 76 West
Washington Street. He also built the first saw-mill
on Fall Creek, above the Indiana Avenue or Craw-
fordsville road bridge, and about the same time built
the first grist-mill for Isaac Wilson on Fall Creek
bayou, now known as " the race," near the line of
North Street.
The year 1821 saw the beginning of moral and
intellectual culture as well as business. A school
was taught by Mr. Reed during the latter part of
the year, and Rev. John McClung, a preacher of
what was called the " New Light" denomination,
preached in the spring, some say in the sugar grove
on the little knoll in the Circle. It is a question
among the few old settlers who remember the occur-
rence whether that was the first sermon heard in the
New Purchase or one preached not far from the
same time by Rev. Rezin Hammond. Mr. Nowland
says that if Mr. McClung preached in the settlement
that spring it must have been at Mr. Barnhill's, who
belonged to the same denomination but lived outside
of the donation. An old settler wrote in one of the
city papers recently that Mr. Hammond preached
near the site of the old State Bank, corner of Illinois
Street and Kentucky Avenue, near a pond, which
must have been close to the site of the first school-
house, while others say he preached in the woods on
the State-House Square. Mr. Nowland, years after-
wards, met Mr. Hammond at Jeffersonville, and this
first sermon was recalled. The party surveying the
town, under Ralston, were then at work near the
Circle, and they prepared on Saturday evening for
the sermon next day by rolling logs together for
seats and building a rough log rostrum. Not more
than forty or fifty persons attended. " A few mo-
ments after the services commenced," says Mr. Now-
land, " an Indian and his squaw came by on their
ponies. They halted a moment, and passed on to-
wards the trading-house of Robert Wilmot. He was
in the congregation, and at once rose and followed
them ; but before he was out of hearing Mr. Hammond
said, ' The pelts and furs of the Indians had more
attractions for his Kentucky friend than the words
of God.' There can be little doubt," Mr. Nowland
concludes, " that this was the first sermon preached
in Indianapolis ; it was so regarded at the time."
In August of the same year Rev. Ludlow G. Gaines,
a Presbyterian clergyman, preached in the grove
south of the State-House Square. No church or-
ganization was attempted, however, till the spring of
1823. In July it was completed, and steps taken to
build a church on North Pennsylvania Street, on the
site of the Exchange Block. It was finished, at a
cost of twelve hundred dollars, and occupied in 1824.
The " Indianapolis Circuit" of the Methodist Church
was organized by Rev. William Cravens in 1822,
under authority of the Missouri Conference, but
Rev. James Scott had preached here in private
houses as early as October, 1821, by appointment of
the same authority. A camp-meeting had been held
in 1822, September 12th, and a second one in May,
1823, aft«r the organization of the circuit, but no
house was occupied specially as a church til! the
I
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
33
summer of 1825, when a hewed-log house on
Maryland Street near Meridian was bought for
three hundred dollars and used for four years. In
1828-29 a brick building was erected, at a cost of
three thousand dollars, on the southwest corner of
Circle and Meridian Streets, which became, when
replaced in 1846, " Wesley Chapel." The first
Baptist Church was organized in September, 1822,
but held services in private houses or in a log
school-house " on and partly in Maryland Street,"
between Tennessee and Mississippi Streets, which
could be had " without interruption," as a committee
reported in May, 1823, till a brick house was built
on the southwest corner of Maryland and Meridian
Streets in 1829. These were the beginnings of the
three pioneer churches in Indianapolis and the New
Purchase. They are noted here to present as com-
plete a view as possible of the early settlement and
history of the city and county.
In the summer of 1821 the first marriage oc-
curred. The bride was Miss Jane Reagan, the
groom Jeremiah Johnson, who had to walk through
an unbroken and pathless forest sixty miles to Con-
nersville for his license (this county at that time
having no organization), and the walk back made one
hundred and twenty miles. He was an eccentric
man, witty, cynical, with a fashion of retracting his
lips when talking so as to show his yellow, tobacco-
stained teeth, giving him something of the expression
of a snarling dog. He was full of humorous conceits
and quaint comparisons, and a delightful companion for
young men when he was " tight" enough to feel jolly,
as he frequently was. When the first telegraph line
was completed to the city in 1848, " Old Jerry" saw
it as ho was passing along Washington Street com-
fortably " full," and broke out in a sort of apostrophe,
" There ! they're driving lightning down the road,
and with a single line at that !" Any one who has
seen a team driven by a " single line" will appreciate
" Old Jerry's" joke. He died very suddenly in
1857.
Among other first events that have traditionally
marked this year was the birth of the first child. But
the tradition of that interesting occurrence is con-
tested by two living witnesses, who rather confuse
one's faith, and leave a slight leaning to the skepticism
which would doubt if any child was born at all.
The traditional opinion, supported by two or three
historical sketches, is that Mordecai Harding was
that memorable infant, but tradition and history are
both impeached by Mr. William H. White (before re-
ferred to) and by Mr. Shirts, of Hamilton, who claims
that Mr. Corbaley's son Richard was the first, in
August, 1820, at his residence in the western part
of the donation. Mr. Nowland denies the donation,
says Mr. Corbaley lived west of the west donation
line, but concedes the principal fact. Mr. White's
claim is disputed by the general opinion of old set-
tlers, but the other seems to be settled.
During the whole of the year 1820 the " New
Purchase" formed part of Delaware County, which,
then unorganized, vaguely covered most of the northern
and central portions of the State, and was attached
for judicial purposes to Wayne and Fayette Counties.
The residents of White River Valley were sued and
compelled to answer in the courts of the White
Water Valley, sixty miles away, and the compulsion
was costly, irritating, and intolerable. The jurisdic-
tion was disputed and resisted, and the Legislature,
to avoid further and graver trouble, passed an act
of Jan. 9, 1821, authorizing the appointment of
two justices of the peace for the new settlements,
with appeals to the Bartholomew Circuit Court.
In April, 1821, Governor Jennings appointed John
Maxwell, but he retained the office only a few
months, and resigned. The settlers then elected
informally James Mcllvaine, and the Governor
commissioned him in October. He is described
by the old residents who remember him, and by
the sketches that speak of this period of the city's
history, as holding court at the door of his little
log shanty, on the northwest corner of Pennsylvania
and Michigan Streets, with the jury sitting on a
log in front, his pipe in his mouth, and Corbaley,
the solitary constable, vigilantly crossing the plans
of culprits to get away into the thick woods close
about, as they are said to have done sometimes in
spite of him. The late Calvin Fletcher was then
the only lawyer, and the primary court of informal
appeal for the easily-puzzled old squire. The po-
34
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
sitions of counsel and judge are not often consoli-
dated in the same hands, — it is too easy for one
to use and abuse the other ; but it was never
charged that Mr. Fletcher misled his confidant in
his own interest.
The first especially exciting incident in the quiet
course of the settlement brought the judicial power
into a dilemma, from which it escaped by a pro-
cess that did more credit to its ingenuity than its
sense of justice. On Christmas-day, 1821, four
Kentucky boatmen who had come up White
River from the Ohio in a keel-boat to the Bluffs,
thought that the new settlement farther up would
be a good place for frolic, and they came and got
howling drunk before daylight at Dan Larkins'
" grocery," as liquor-shops were called in those
days, and frequently were a mixture of saloon and
grocery-store. As usual with the " half-horse and
half-alligator" men of the Mike Fink breed, the
predecessors of the " cow-boy," they began smashing
the doggery as soon as they had got all the liquor
they wanted. The row roused the settlement, and
the gentlemen from Kentucky were respectfully re-
quested to desist and make less noise. They re-
sponded with a defiance backed by knives. The
settlers consulted. They did not want the whiskey
wasted, and they did want a quiet Christmas, or
at least to make their own disturbance. They de-
termined to put down the rioters. James Blake
proposed to take the leader single-handed if the
rest of Indianapolis would " tackle" the other three,
and the consolidated remainder of the embryo cap-
ital agreed. Blake and the Kentuckian were both
large, powerful men, but the Hoosier was sober
and resolute, and the Kentuckian drunk and
furious, so the rioters were captured and taken to
Squire Mcllvaine's. They were tried, fined severely,
and in default of payment ordered to jail. There
was no jail nearer than Connersville, and it would
cost as much as their fines to take them there in
the dead of winter under guard, so they were
kept under guard here, with instructions to allow a
little relaxation of vigilance in the night, and the
hint was followed by the convenient escape of the
whole party.
Notwithstanding the appointment of justices, the
courts of Wayne and Fayette Counties still claimed
jurisdiction, and doubts were entertained of the va-
lidity of the appointment of Maxwell and Mcllvaine.
To remedy all difficulties the citizens held a meeting
at Hawkins' tavern to discuss the matter, and James
Blake and Dr. S. G. Mitchell were appointed repre-
sentatives of the settlement to attend the next session
of the Legislature at Corydon as lobby members to
secure an organization of the county. On the 28th
of November the Legislature legalized the acts of
Commissioner Harrison, he having acted alone in sur-
veying the donation and laying off the town. It
may be noted here as an indication of the readiness
of the Legislature to encourage the growth of the
place that on the 31st of December, 1821, an act
authorized Gen. Carr, the agent, to lease to McCart-
ney and McDonald forty acres of the donation for
ten years free, to be occupied as a mill-seat. On the
same day an act was passed organizing the county,
and requiring the organization to be completed on the
1st of April, 1822. It applied the present Court-
House Square to that purpose, and provided for the
erection of a court-house fifty feet square and two
stories high, and appropriated eight thousand dollars
to it. The courts that held sessions in the capitol.
Federal, State, and county, were to use it forever if
they chose, and the State Legislature was to use it
for fifty years or till a State-House should be built.
Two per cent, of the lot fund was to be given for the
founding of a county library. The sessions of court
and the elections were to be held at Gen. Carr's till
the court-house was built. Johnson, Hamilton, and
a large part of Boone, Madison, and Hancock were
attached to this county for judicial purposes. Marion,
Monroe, Owen, Greene, Morgan, Lawrence, Rush,
Hendricks, Decatur, Bartholomew, Shelby, and Jen-
nings Counties were formed into the Fifth Judicial
Circuit. William W. Wick, of Connersville, was
elected president judge by the Legislature, and
Harvey Bates, of the same place, was appointed
sheriff by the Governor. They both came on and
assumed their offices the following February, 1822.
The latter, by a proclamation of Feb. 22, 1822, or-
dered an election to be held on the 1st of the next
i
iCi^^yCl^
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
35
April for two associate judges, a clerk, recorder, and
three county commissioners. The voting precincts
were fixed at Gen. Carr's, in the town ; John Page's,
at Strawtown, in Hamilton County ; John Berry's,
Andersontown, Madison Co. ; and William McCart-
ney's, on Pall Creek, near Pendleton. Returns were
to be forwarded by the 3d of April.
William W. Wick was a Pennsylvanian by birth,
but came to Connersville, in this State, when a young
man, and from there came to Indianapolis to assume
the duties of his oflBoe. Ex-Senator Oliver H. Smith
said that in 182-t "he, though a young lawyer, had had
a good deal of experience in criminal cases." During
his term as judge of the huge circuit, now formed
into a half-dozen, he was elected brigadier-general of
militia, no unimportant position in those days
to an ambitious young man. He was Secretary
of State for four years, from 1825 to 1829, then
prosecuting attorney, and in 1833 was beaten for
Congress by George L. Kinnard. He was success-
ful though in 1839, and served in the House
during the memorable " log cabin and hard cider"
campaign of 1840. He was elected again in 1845,
and re-elected in 1847. In 1853 he was made post-
master by President Pierce, and on the expiration of
his term in 1857 be retired from public life alto-
gether. Soon afterwards he went to Franklin and
made his home with his daughter, and died there in
1868.
Hervey Bates, who was appointed sheriff by
Governor Jennings, was a son of Hervey Bates, who
was a master of transportation during the Indian war
under Gens. Wayne and Harmar, and chiefly engaged
in forwarding provisions and munitions of war from the
frontier posts to the army in the wilderness. His son
Hervey, the subject of this biographical sketch, was
a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and born in that place
in 1795, when it was called Fort Washington. When
but about six years of age he lost his mother, and, his
father having married again, he left the paternal roof,
and in Warren, Lebanon County, Ohio, met with
friends through whose agency he received a sufiBcient
English education to qualify him for the ordinary
pursuits of life. On attaining his majority he came
to Brookville, Franklin County, where he married
Miss Sidney Sedwick, cousin of the late Gen. James
Noble, United States senator. During the year 1816
he cast, in Brookville, his first vote for a delegate to
form a new constitution for the State of Indiana.
Soon after Mr. Bates' marriage he removed to Con-
nersville, and made it his residence until February,
1822, when Indianapolis, then a mere hamlet, became
his home. Jonathan Jennings, the first Governor
after the admission of the State into the Union, ap-
pointed William W. Wick president judge of the
then Fifth Judicial District, and Hervey Bates, sheriff
of Marion County, which then embraced several neigh-
boring counties for judicial purposes, investing the
latter with full power for placing in operation the
necessary legal machinery of the county. This he
did by issuing a proclamation for an election to be
held on the first day of April, for the purpose of
choosing a clerk of the court and other county oflBcers,
which was the fir.st election of any kind held in the
new purchase. Mr. Bates was, at the following elec-
tion held in October, made sheriff for the regular term
of two years, but declined a subsequent nomination,
having little taste for the distinctions of oflBce. Mer-
cantile pursuits subsequently engaged his attention,
to which he brought his accustomed energy and in-
dustry, and enjoyed success in his various business
enterprises. J-i^ViSG
Mr. Bates was the earliest president of the branch
of the State Bank located in Indianapolis, and filled
the position for ten years, during which time it en-
joyed a career of unparalleled success, and greatly
advanced the interests of the business community.
Through the substantial aid afforded by this bank,
most of the surplus produce of this and adjacent
counties found a profitable market. Mr. Bates was
also instrumental in the formation of the earliest
insurance company, was a stockholder in the first
hotel built by a company, in the first railroad
finished to the city of his residence, the earliest gas-
lifbt and coke company, and in many other enter-
prises having for their object the public welfare. In
1852 he began and later completed the spacious hotel
known as the Bates House, at that time one of the
most complete and elegant in the West. It was
erected at a cost of sixty thousand dollars, and
36
HISTOEY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
modern improvements added, making a total cost of
seventy-five thousand dollars. Many other public
and private buildings in various portions of the city
owe their existence to the enterprise and means of
Mr. Bates. He was a generous contributor to all
worthy religious and benevolent objects, and willingly
aided in the maintenance of the various charitable
institutions of Indianapolis. Rev. Henry Ward
Beecher found in him a cordial friend when a resi-
dent of the city, and in his less prosperous days.
The death of Mr. Bates occurred on the 6th of July,
1876, in his eighty-third year, his wife having died
previously. His children are Hervey Bates and Mrs.
L. M. Vance, both of Indianapolis, and Elizabeth H.,
deceased.
While this first election is pending a return may
be made for a moment to pick up some incidents of
the settlement that occurred between the sale of lots
in October, 1821, and the election, April 1, 1822.
No clearing of the streets had been attempted when
the sales took place. Each little cabin was stuck
away in its own little hole in the dense woods, and
they were so dense that a man standing near the site
of Bingham & Walk's jewelry-store could not see a
house half-way down the block on the other side of
Washington Street, west of Meridian ; so say old set-
tlers and common tradition. Gen. Morris once said
that it was just like camping out in a forest on a
hunting expedition when he came here with his
father in 1821, except that the camping-places were
cabins instead of tents or brush houses. One neigh-
bor could not see the next one's house. Hawkins
built his tavern of logs cut on the lot in the very
centre of Washington Street. For many years the
less settled streets were more or less filled with trees
and brush, and the only way along them was a cow-
path. In order to open Washington Street, which
the plan of the town had appointed for the principal
thoroughfare, an offer was made by the settlers to give
the timber to anybody who would clear off the trees.
It would have been a very profitable contract a year
later. The offer was accepted by Lismond Basye, a
Swede, who had come from Franklin County that
same fall. The trees were oak, ash, and walnut
chiefly, and he thought he had a small fortune safe.
When he had got them all down, and the street " to be"
was worse blocked than before, and there was no mill
to saw them, he gave up the job in despair, and the
people burned the superb timber as it lay. In Jan-
uary, 1822, the Legislature ordered the opening of a
number of roads, and appropriated nearly one hundred
thousand dollars to it, greatly to the satisfaction of the
entirely isolated settlers. In the same month the
State agent was instructed to lease unsold lots on
condition that the lessees would clear them in four
months, and this, as a step towards getting the settle-
ment in something like civilized condition, was a
gratifying measure. The lessees were allowed forty
days to remove their improvements if the lots should
be sold during their occupancy of them.
On the 28tli of January, 1822, the first newspaper
of the settlement was issued by George Smith and
Nathaniel Bolton, his step-son, called the Indianapolis
Gazette. Mr. Nowland's memoir of Mr. Smith says
" the printing-ofiice was in one corner of the cabin in
which the family lived," and the cabin was near a
row of cabins built by Mr. Wilmot, called " Smoky
Row," west of the line of the future canal and near
Maryland Street. In the second year the oflice was
moved to the northeast corner of the State-House
Square. Mr. Smith learned the printer's trade in the
oflice of the Observer of Lexington, Ky., and subse-
quently worked upon the Liberty Hall and Gazette
of Cincinnati, under the noted editor, Charles Ham- ■
mond. In later life he lived in a frame house on the
northeast corner of Georgia and Tennessee Streets,
the ground now forming a part of the Catholic prop-
erty about the St. John's Cathedral and the bishop's
residence. Here about 1840, John Hodgkins estab-
lished the first ice-cream or " pleasure garden," as it
was called, and built the first ice-house, and laid down
a little circular railway with a little locomotive to run
upon it. Mr. Smith served two terms as associate
judge of the county, and was the first man in the
place to open a real estate agency, which he did in
1827. Some years before his death he bought a
farm at Mount Jackson, which now forms part of the
grounds of the Insane Asylum, and there he died in
April, 1826, at the age of fifty-two. He was rather
an eccentric man, but notoriou.sly liberal to the poor.
ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY AND ERECTION OF TOWNSHIPS.
37
He and Governor Ray wore " cues" in the old Revo-
lutionary fashion. The Governor discarded his in
his old age, but Mr. Smith held to his as tenaciously
as a Chinaman. Some catarrhal affection, probably,
brought a fit of sneezing on him nearly every morn-
ing early after he had dressed and got out of doors,
and that sonorous sound could be heard by all the
neighbors as far and as plainly and about as early as
the morning song of his roosters.
Nathaniel Bolton was a book-binder by trade. He
became much better known to the Indianapolis people
than Mr. Smith. He continued to edit the Gazette
after the other had sold out his interest, when he had
a larger constituency to speak for, and his wife, Sarah
T. Barrett, of Madison, the earliest and most gifted
and conspicuous of the poetesses of the State, helped
his reputation by the abundance of her own. He
was made consul at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1853,
whence his wife wrote many letters to the Journal,
then under the direction of an old friend, Mr. Sul-
grove. In May, 1857, he came back in consequence
of failing health, and died in a few months. For
several years after he had sold his interest in the
Gazette, he and his wife kept a country tavern on the
farm that BIr. Smith lived on before his death at
Mount Jackson. Mrs. Bolton is now living in a
pleasant house in the country about three miles
southeast of the city, and still frequently publishes
fugitive verses on passing occurrences that interest
her, especially the death of old friends, marked with
all the fertility of fancy and grace of style of her
earlier poems.
The mechanical processes of the first paper were
primitive enough. The ink was partly compounded
of tar, and the press-work was slow and hard. Com-
position rollers were unknown till the secret of
making them was brought here just ten years later
by the late David V. Culley, for many years presi-
dent of the City Council. There were no mails at
all at first, and when a post-route was established
soon afterwards its deliveries were so irregular that
the editors had to apologize once for the deficiency of
matter by saying that the failure of the mails had
left them without any news from abroad or any suit-
able material. Several post-routes were opened during
the spring, in addition to one to White Water, opened
a few weeks after the paper appeared first, but they
came too late to relievo the urgent necessity of the
winter and spring. The incessant and heavy rains
greatly obstructed the main mail-route, and com-
pelled the entire suspension of the paper from the
3d of April to the 4th of May by catching the editors
away from home and keeping the streams too deep to
be forded. The first number appeared on the 28th
of January, the second on the 11th of February, the
third on the 25th, the fourth March 6th, the fifth on
the 18th, the sixth April 3d, the seventh May 4th.
The growth and changes of the Gazette will be
noticed particularly in the sketch of the " Press."
The first mail came very closely after the first paper.
For nearly two years such correspondence as had been
maintained between the new settlement and the older
ones east and south on the White Water and the Ohio,
had been carried on by the hands of neighbors and
occasional travelers. On the 30th of January, 1822,
a meeting of citizens was held at the "Eagle Tavern"
(Hawkins') to devise means to maintain a private
mail. The hope of a government mail does not seem
to have been strong enough to be cultivated. Aaron
Drake was selected for the duty of private postmaster
and mail-carrier. He notified the postmasters all
around of the arrangement that had been made, and
asked them to forward all letters for Indianapolis to
Connersville, where he would get them. " He re-
turned from his first trip," says an early sketch of the
city, " shortly after nightfall, and the loud blasts of his
horn were heard far through the woods, and the whole
people turned out in the bright moonlight to greet
him and hear the news." This effort aroused the
general government, and President Monroe appointed
Samuel Henderson first postmaster in February, 1822.
He opened the ofiice the first week in March. A his-
tory of the ofiBce will be found in its proper place, and
nothing more need be said of it here, except that the
first list of letters awaiting delivery contained five
names, one of them that of Mallory, the colored barber,
and first barber in the place. For some years, it is
hard to say just how long, the mails were carried on
horseback, subsequently they were taken in stage-
coaches, and Indianapolis became nearly as conspic-
38
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
uous a stage centre as it is now a railroad centre.
For many years the J. & P. Vorhees Company had
large stables and coach-making and repairing shops
here on the southwest corner of Maryland and Penn-
sylvania Streets. They were abandoned about 1852,
when the advancing railroad lines began to absorb
mails and passengers ; but the music of the " stage-
horn" was long a pleasant sound in the ears of the old
settler, for it brought him the principal variation of
the monotony of a village life, except the regular
winter sessions of the Legislature. For a short time
during the administration of Van Buren a mail-route
or two was run here on horseback in extra quick time,
and called " express mails." The riders came gal-
loping along Washington Street, blowing little tin
horns with a din that delighted the school-boys, and
for many a week they made night hideous with their
horns.
The winter of 1821-22, in spite of the prostration
and starvation of the preceding summer and fall, was
pleasantly passed in the main. The settlers becoming
better acquainted, and frequently rendering each in-
dispensable neighborly offices in sickness and destitu-
tion, were naturally well dispo.sed to relieve the lone-
liness of an unusually severe winter in an impassable
forest with such social entertainments as were within
reach, so they kept up an almost unbroken round
of quilting and dancing parties and other modes
of killing time when there was nothing to do to
enable them to make a better use of it. " A mania
for marrying took possession of the young people,"
says the early sketch, " and there was hardly a single
bachelor left in the place." The snow was very deep,
and the river frozen so hard that large logs were
hauled across it on heavy " ox-sleds." On the 25th
of February the Gazette said that a good deal of
improvement had been going on. Forty residences
and several work-shops had been built, a grist-mill
and two saw-mills were in operation, and more were
in progress near the place. There were thirteen car-
penters, four cabinet-makers, eight blacksmiths, four
shoemakers, two tailors, one hatter, two tanners, one
saddler, one cooper, four bricklayers, two merchants,
three grocers, four doctors, three lawyers, one preacher,
one teacher, seven tavern-keepers. These alone would
indicate a population of about three hundred. But
these were not alone : there were probably enough
more adult males to complete a roll of one hundred,
and show a population of five hundred.
The first election was coming close as the pro-
tracted winter began to loosen its grip on the iron
ground and let the spring blossoms out to the sun-
light. Candidates were pretty nearly as numerous as
voters. There were two parties, but not separated by
national party divisions. This was the " era of good
feeling" in national politics. The old " Federal" and
"Republican" differences were growing dim and the
names unfamiliar. The division in the first election
in Indianapolis was geographical. " White Water"
and " Kentucky" were the names of might, and the
voters took sides according to the direction they had
traveled to get here. Just what sort of a compromise
was made by the settlers who came in the first place
from Kentucky, and resided for a while in the White
Water before moving to the New Purchase, there is
no indication to direct. The " White Water" leader
was James M. Ray, the " Kentucky" chief Morris
Morris, father of Gen. Thomas A. Morris, the real
general and victor in the first campaign in West Vir-
ginia. The candidates for associate judges — there
were two — were Robert Patterson, James Mcllvaine,
James Page, Eliakim Harding, John Smock, and
Rev. John McClung. The candidates for clerk were
James M. Ray, Milo R. Davis, Morris Morris, Thomas
Anderson, and John W. Redding. For recorder there
were Alexander Ralston, James Linton, Joseph C.
Reed, Aaron Drake, John Givan, John Hawkins,
William Vandegrift, and William Townsend. No
record is left of the candidates for the three county
commissionerships, but it is said there were about
fifteen of them. There were no caucuses or conven-
tions or primaries, and no obstruction to the ambition
of any man that wanted to be a candidate. The poll
in the town showed two hundred and twenty-four
votes, a little more than one hundred probably being
residents on the donation. In the county three hun-
dred and thirty-six votes were cast, including a good
part of all the counties around it. James Mcllvaine
and Eliakim Harding were elected associate judges ;
James M. Ray, clerk; Joseph C. Reed, recorder;
ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY AND ERECTION OF TOWNSHIPS.
39
and John McCormick, John T. Osborn, and William
McCartney, county commissioners. James M. Ray
received two hundred and seventeen votes, which was
the highest vote for any candidate.
The newly-elected county commissioners qualified
and held their first session on the 15th of April, in
the house at the corner of Ohio and Meridian Streets.
On the next day they divided the county, em-
bracing the very large area already described, into
Fall Creek, Anderson, White River. Delaware, Law-
rence, Washington, Pike, Warren, Centre, Wayne,
Franklin, Perry, and Decatur townships. The first
four were in the territory afterwards formed into
other counties. The following are the formally de-
clared boundaries of the townships as first consti-
tuted, which have composed the county ever since,
with a very few slight changes. Only the "corners"
are given, as they will enable an}' one to follow the
lines readily :
" Lawrence" township, in the northeast corner of
the county, was given the following corners : The
northeast corner of Section 15, Town 17 north of
Range 5 east, is the northeast corner of the town-
ship ; the southeast corner of Section 15, Town 16
north of Range 5 east, is the southeast corner ; the
southwest corner of Section 15, Town 16 north of
Range 4 east, is the southwest corner ; and the
northwest corner of Section 16, Town 17 north of
Range 4 east, the northwest corner. The township
contains forty-nine sections, seven each way.
" Washington" township, immediately north of
Centre, has the following corners : Od the northeast,
northeast corner of Section 17, Town 17 north of
Range 4 east ; on the southeast, the southeast corner
of Section 16, Town 16 north of Range 4 east; on
the southwest, the southwest corner of Section 15,
Town 16 north of Range 3 east; and the northwest,
the northwest corner of Section 16, Town 17 north
of Range 3 east. This township contains forty-nine
sections, seven each way, like Lawrence. Three sec-
tions were subsequently taken from Pike, in Town 16
north of Range 3 east, so that the southwest corner
of Section 16, Town 17 north of Range 3 east, is the
southwest corner of the township.
" Pike" township, in the northwest corner of the
county, is now somewhat different from the bounds
set by the commissioners at this session. The four
corners as set by them at this time are as follows :
The northeast is the northeast corner of Section 17,
Town 17 north of Range 3 east ; the southeast is
the southeast corner of Section 16, Town 16 north
of Range 3 east ; the southwest is the southwest
corner of Section 16, Town 16 north of Range 2
east; the northwest is the northwest corner of the
county. The east and west boundaries were both
changed after this, so that the southeast corner is
the southeast corner of Section 17, Town 16 north
of Range 3 east, giving to Washington three sec-
tions ; and on the west the bounds of the county
were changed, giving the four east halves of sections
to Pike, thus making the area forty-four sections,
seven miles north and south, six miles on the south
side and six and a half on the north side.
'• Warren" township, on the east of Centre, was
described with the following corners : The northeast,
the northeast corner of Section 22, Town 16 north
of Range 5 east ; the southeast, the southeast corner
of Section 22, Town 15 north of Range 5 east ; the
southwest, the southwest corner of Section 22, Town
15 north of Range 4 east; the northwest, the north-
west corner of Section 22, Town 16 north of Range
4 east. The township contains forty-nine sections,
seven sections each way, being almost exactly square,
and has never been changed.
" Centre township shall consist of the territory
I included within the following bounds, to wit : Be-
ginning at the northeast corner of Section 21, Town
i 16, Range 4 ; thence south on the section line to the
southeast corner of Section 21, Town 15, Range 4 ;
I thence west to the southwest corner of Section 22,
Town 15, Range 3; thence north on the section line
to the northwest corner of Section 22, Town 16,
Range 3; thence east on the section line to the
place of beginning." The township contains forty-
two sections, seven miles north and south, six east and
west, and has never been altered.
" Wayne" township had and still has the follow-
ing corners, having remained unchanged : The north-
east, the northeast corner of Section 21, Town 16
north of Range 3 east ; the southeast, the southeast
40
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
corner of Section 21, Town 15 north of Range 3
east ; the southwest, the southwest corner of Section
21, Town 15 north of Range 2 east; the northwest,
the northwest corner of Section 21, Town 16 north
of Range 2 east. The township contains forty-nine
sections, being of the same shape and size as
Warren.
" Franklin" township is of the same size and
shape as Centre, but has its greatest extension east
and west. The corners are as follows : The north-
east, the northeast corner of Section 27, Town 15
north of Range 5 east ; the southeast, the southeast
corner of the county ; the southwest, the southwest
corner of Section 22, Town 14 north of Range 4
east ; the northwest, the northwest corner of Sec-
tion 27, Town 15 north of Range 4 east. This
township also has never been changed.
" Decatur" and " Perry" townships were at first
given bounds which made them parallelograms, but
they have since been so changed that the river forms
a boundary line between them. The four corners of
" Perry" township were as follows : The northeast,
the northeast corner of Section 28, Town 15 north
of Range 4 east ; the southeast, the southeast corner
of Section 21, Town 14 north of Range 4 east ; the
southwest, the southwest corner of Section 22, Town
14 north of Range 3 east ; the northwest, the north-
west corner of Section 27, Town 15 north of Range
3 east. This made an area of forty-two sections, the
same shape and size as Franklin, seven miles east and
west, six north and south. The township now, how-
ever, has about forty-five sections, making the river
the west boundary line.
" Decatur" township had the following corners :
The northeast, the northeast corner of Section 28,
Town 15 north of Range 3 east; the southeast, the
southeast corner of Section 21, Town 14 north of
Range 3 east ; the southwest, the southwest corner
of the county ; the northwest, the northwest corner of
Section 27, Town 15 north of Range 2 east. This
gave the township thirty-six sections, while it contains
now but about thirty-three sections.
" On account of lack of population" certain of
the townships were, until other regulations were
made, to be united and to be considered as one
township. They were Centre and Warren, to be
called " Centre- Warren" ; Pike and Wayne, " Pike-
Wayne" ; Washington and Lawrence, " Washington-
Lawrence" ; Decatur, Perry, and Franklin, all three
to be known as " Decatur-Perry-Franklin" township.
Each combination was assigned two justices except
Centre- Warren, which was given three.
Some of them were soon separated, the first being
Decatur township, which was disunited on the 12th
of August, 1823. The next separation was of Pike
township from Wayne, on the 10th of May, 1824, a
petition to that end having been presented by some
of tlie citizens of the J,ownship ; and the commission-
ers considering the population sufficient to warrant the
order, Warren and Centre townships were separated
by an order of the Board, May 1, 1826.
Washington and Lawrence were separated Oct. 6,
1826. Franklin and Perry were separated Sept. 3,
1827, on a petition presented by the people of that
township.
On March 3, 1828, three sections in Pike town-
ship, 3, 9, and 10, were attached to Washington.
On the next day after the townships were formed
the County Board ordered the election of " magis-
trates" in all the townships, assigning two to the
joint town.ships of Washington and Lawrence, two
to Pike and Wayne, two to Decatur, Perry, and
i Franklin, and three to " Centre- Warren," as it is
I
j always written in the records. The 11th of May
j was set for the election. In Centre-Warren, Obed
Foote, Wilkes Reagan, and Lismund Basye were
{ elected, and their election contested by Moses Cox.
The case was heard by the Board at a special session
j on the 16th of May, on a summons by the sheriff,
[ with whom notice of contest had been filed. Some
1 preliminary argument and ruling were made, and the
I next day the Board decided that the election should
'■ be set aside and held as null and void." A second
election was ordered on the 25th of May, eight days
j later, which was duly held, and the same men re-
I elected. That election was not disturbed.
j At the same May session of 1822 the first consta-
I bles were appointed : for Washington and Law-
! rence, William Cris and John Small ; for Pike and
I Wayne, Joel A. Crane and Charles Eckard ; for
ERECTION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
41
Centre- Warren, Israel Harding, Joseph Duval,
Francis Davis, George Harlan, William Phillips,
Caleb Reynolds, Daniel Lakin, Lewis Ogle, Samuel
Roberts, Joseph Catterlin, Henry Cline, Joshua
Glover, and Patrick Kerr, — a larger force than the
two townships have ever had since.
At the April session, on the evening of the 17th,
a county seal was adopted, thus described: " A star
in the centre, with the letters ' M. C. C around the
same, with inverted carved stripes tending to the
centre of the star, and ' Marion County Seal' written
thereon." On the 14th of May this seal was
changed for the present one, thus officially described :
" The words ' Marion County Seal, Indiana,' around
the outside, with a pair of scales in the centre em-
blematical of justice, under which is a plow and
sheaf of wheat in representation of agriculture."
The first roads opened or ordered in the county were
considered upon the petition of William Townsend
and others, and " viewed" by Joel Wright, John
Smock, and Zadoc Smith for the one running " to
the Mills at the Falls of Fall Creek,"— the old Pen-
dleton road ; and by William D. Rooker, Robert
Brenton, and George Norwood for the other, running
from " the north end of Pennsylvania Street to
Strawtown," — the old Noblesville road. The next
road was along the line of the present National road,
upon petition of Eliakim Harding ; the fourth, a road
to McCormick's Mills, on White River, upon peti-
tion of John McCormick ; the fifth, the old Moores-
ville road, upon petition of Demas L. McFarland.
These were all in May, 1822.
On the 17th, continuing the same session, the
County Board established the following tolls " on the
ferry on White River opposite Indianapolis," which
was established by an act of the preceding Legislature :
" For each wagon and four horses or oxen $0.62i
" wagon and two horses or oxen 37i
" wagon (small) and one horse or ox 31i
'* extra horse or ox 12i
" man or woman and horse 1-i
" head of neat cattle 03
" head of swine 02
" head of sheep 02
" footman OBJ."
At the same session of the Board the following
" tavern rates" were established :
" Each half-pint of whiskey S0.12J
Each half-pint of imported nun, brandy, gin, or
wine 25
Each quart of cider or beer 12A
Each quart of porter, cider wine, or cider oil 25
Each half-pint of peach brandy, cordial, country
gin, or apple brandy ISjf
Each meal 25
Each night's lodging 12i
Esieh gallon of corn or oats 12i
Each horse to hay, per night 25."
The tax-payers of to-day will be interested in the
modes and rates of taxation fixed by the County
Board in the first year of the county's organization.
At a session of the Board held on the 14th ot
May, 1822, the following rates were established for
taxation :
" For every horse, mare, gelding, mule, or ass over
three years old $0.37^
For stallions, once (their rate for the season)
For taverns, each 10.00
For every ferry 6.00
For every SlOO of. the appraised valuation of town
lots 50
For each and every pleasure carriage of two wheels... 1.00
For each pleasure carriage of four wheels 1.25
For every silver w.atch 25
For every gold watch 50
For every head of work-oxen over three years old and
upwards, per head 25
On each male person over the age of twenty-one years.. .50
" Provided, That persons over the age of fifty years and not
freeholders, and such as are not able from bodily disability to
follow any useful occupation, . . . and all idiots and paupers
shall be exempt from said last-named tax."
At the same session in which the tax rates were
settled an order was made for the erection of the
first jail. The sherifiF, Hervey Bates, was appointed
county agent to receive bids. The specifications
required as follows :
" It is to be built fourteen feet in the inside, two
stories high, of six and a half feet between floors,
to be of hewed logs twelve inches thick and at
least twelve inches wide, with two rounds of oak
or walnut logs to be under ground;" and "the
second floor and the side logs to be of the same
size of walnut, oak, ash, beech, or sugar-tree;"
and " the third or upper floor to be of logs six
inches thick and at least one foot wide." The
roof was to be of jointed shingles. There was to
be a window in the lower story or dungeon twelve
inches square. The grate-bars for it were to be
42
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
one inch and a quarter in thickness, and there
was a window two feet by six inches in the second
story, opposite the door by which the jail was en-
tered. This door was four feet by two, of two
thicknesses of two-inch oak plank, with a heavy
stock-look between, and also heavy strap hinges.
There was to be a ladder leading up on the out-
side to the door in the second story, and another
door, a trap two feet square, in the floor of the
second story, leading down into the lower story,
which was to be fastened with a hasp and pad-
lock."
The contract was awarded to Noah Leaverton,
some time in Mayor June, 1822, by Hervey Bates,
and was submitted to the commissioners for in-
spection, and accepted on August 12th.
" The Board approve, adopt, and permanently
establish the building erected of hewed logs . . .
on the Court-House Square, near the corner of
Market and Delaware Streets, in Indianapolis, as
the county jail." It cost three hundred and twelve
dollars. (Pages 27, 28, 29, Commissioners' Record.)
The jail looked a good deal like a small, re-
spectable residence, bating the suggestive quality of
the heavy iron gratings. In the summer of 1833 a
negro came to the town wearing a black cap with
a red leather band around it, and leading sometimes,
sometimes riding, a buffalo. He made a show of
it on the streets occasionally, and was followed by
the usual crowd of curious boys, who gave him a
name that another man has lately made famous,
" Buffalo Bill." He was arrested for some offense,
larceny probably, and put in jail. That night he
set it on fire to make his escape, and came near
being burned in it. The hole in the ground where
the two lower courses of logs had lain was visible
for twenty years. Jeremiah Johnson was the first
jailer. It was succeeded by a brick jail on the
east side of the Court-House Square, one end abut-
ting directly upon Alabama Street. In this the
jailer was provided with rooms for residence. In
1845 a hewed-log addition was made on the north
and used for the confinement of the worst pris-
oners. It was built of logs hewed to one foot square,
and laid in three courses, the first horizontal, the
one outside of it and bolted to it perpendicular or
oblique, and the third, exterior to that, horizontal.
An exterior casing of the same kind, consisting of
one vertipal and one horizontal course of hewed
logs, was put round the first jail some time after
it was built.
In 1852 the present jail, in the east corner of
the Court-House Square, was begun and com-
pleted in 1854, when the old jail was torn away.
Several additions have been made to the present one,
at an aggregate cost of near one hundred thousand
dollars, but the increase of crime in a city so con-
venient to scoundrels, from its facilities for escape,
and so largely made up at all times of transient resi-
dents, has constantly exceeded the county's ability to
take adequate care of the criminals. Escapes have
not been very infrequent, and grand juries, whenever
they make an examination, are pretty sure to report
insuflScient room.
In this connection may be noticed more appro-
priately than in the detached accounts following a
chronological order, the crimes which have met the
extreme penalty of the law in the present jail, as well
as the first offenses in the history of the settlement.
Until within the last decade no sentence of death had
ever been passed upon any murderer in Marion
County. Then William Cluck was convicted of the
murder of his wife and sentenced to be hung. The
sheriff had the gallows built and in place in the jail-
yard, but a day or two before that set for the execution
the murderer got poison and killed himself In the fall
of 186!-, Mrs. Nancy E. Clem, William J. Abrams,
and Silas W^. Hartman, Mrs. Clem's brother, were
indicted for the murder of Jacob Young and his wife,
— a horrible affair, in which the body of Mrs. Young
was partially burned after she had been shot through
the head, — known as the " Cold Spring" murder, and
the woman was convicted of murder in the second
degree and sentenced to imprisonment for life early
in March, 1869. Just one week afterwards her
brother cut his throat in his cell to escape an inevita-
ble death by the halter. These were the nearest
approaches made to the death penalty in this county
till its first actual infliction in January, 1879. The
frequent escape of murderers whose crimes deserved
ERECTION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
43
death had stirred a strong feeling into public expres-
sion against the wealcness of the law as a protection
of the community, and the almost certain escape of
every offender, whatever his crime, if he could pay
well for a defense, had strengthened this feeling. It
appeared in the editorials and communications of the
papers, in allusions in public speeches and sermons,
in social conversation, and, more emphatic than all, in
frequent lynchings all about in the State. Mrs. Clem,
though twice convicted, finally worried the law by
appeals and change of venue and postponement till
she was discharged, and this more than any other one
thing had set the community hard against any lenity
to the next murderer.
In November, 1878, John Achey was convicted of
the murder, by shooting, of George Leggett, a partner
in a gambling operation, and sentenced to death on
the 29th of January, 1879.. On the 13th of Decem-
ber, 1878, William Merrick, a livery-stable keeper on
South Street, was convicted of the murder of his
wife. She had been a school-teacher, and saved a
considerable sum of money. While paying her his
addresses he borrowed all her money, seduced her,
and only after much solicitation married her. Within
a day or two of her confinement he took her out
riding after dusk, gave her strychnine in a glass of
beer, which caused premature child-birth in the
agonies of death, and then drove with the dead
bodies to a small wood near the Morris Street bridge
over Eagle Creek, where he dug a shallow hole on
the creek bank, put the bodies naked in it, and
covered them with logs. He burned in his stable the
clothing he took from his wife's corpse in the dark-
ness of midnight and the woods, and no discovery
was made for several days. Then a boy going along
the creek found the bodies, the wife was identified by
some physical marks still discernible through the de-
composition, and very soon after the husband was
arrested. The horrible brutality of the crime, the
cool, callous, calculating cruelty in every stage of it,
the beastliness of the burial, all provoked so hot an
exasperation of popular feeling that for the first time
there were serious threats of lynching. He was
sentenced to be hung at the same time Achey was,
January 29th. Some attempts were made to obtain a
commutation for Achey, whose provocation had been
great, and would have saved him a death sentence in
any other condition of feeling of the community, but
nothing was done for Merrick. They were hung on
the same gallows at the same instant, Merrick sullen,
dogged, and silent to the last, though indicating a
desire to speak at the moment the drop fell. Louis
Guetig was convicted the same year of the murder of
Miss McGlue, a waiter in the hotel kept by his uncle
whom he had been courting, but who had discarded
him. He shot her in the courtyard of the hotel
while imploring him not to kill her, and imperiled
several other girls who were present, and was sen-
tenced to be hung with Achey and Merrick ; but his
counsel obtained on appeal a reversal of some trivial
instruction of the court below, and a second trial fol-
lowed, with a second conviction and death sentence,
and he was hung on Sept. 19, 1879, the anniversary
of the murder. These are the only death sentences
ever passed or inflicted in Marion County, except that
of a colored man named Greenly for murdering his
sweetheart. He was sentenced, but the Governor
commuted his punishment to life imprisonment.
The first grand jury of the county returned twenty-
two indictments by Joseph C. Reed, the first recorder
and school-teacher, of which six wore non pressed.
They were pretty much all, except one assault and
battery, for selling liquor without a license, a class of
offenses which has always been a strong one in In-
dianapolis and is yet. The first sufferer of thousands
of lawle.ss liquor dealers through a course of two gener-
ations was John Wyant. So many indictments at the
first term of court in so small a settlement, with no
roads and no navigable streams, and no neighbors but
Indians, would indicate the presence of a considerable
portion of the lawless element that always mixes
itself up with the real pioneer and improving element,
though there was much less of it and of a less dan-
gerous quality than that appearing on the present fron-
tiers of civilization. The first felony appears, from
Mr. Nowland's recollection, to have been a burglary
committed by an old man named Redman, and Warner
his son-in-law, on the grocery-store of the late Jacob
Landis in 1824. Col. Russell was the sheriff, and a
search-warrant enabled him to find the missing goods
44
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
or most of them. Warner's wife attempted to con-
ceal them under her clothing, but was detected. The
offenders were sent to the penitentiary for several
years. The first murder was committed long after-
wards in 1833, and will be noticed particularly in its
place.
The Court-House Square, like all the rest of the
town, was a dense wood when the first jail was put
there, and a little later when the first steps for a
court-house were taken, on the representations of
James Blake, the county commissioners made an
order that in clearing the square two hundred trees
(sugars or maples it was understood) should be spared
for a grove. No special direction having been given
the contractors they left the largest trees, which,
when the surrounding protection of forest had been
cut away, had to bear the brunt of every wind that
blew, and were soon so greatly damaged that they
were cut down and cleared away entirely. The con-
tractors for clearing were Earl Pierce and Samuel
Hyde, for fifty-nine dollars. Many years after an at-
tempt was piade to reproduce a little shade by a grove
of suitable trees, but the saplings were killed by
drought or carelessness, mischievous boys or breachy
cattle. There has never been any shade worth speak-
ing of in the Court-House Square since the primeval
forest was cut away in 1822. With the progress of
the present court-house the square has been filled
from a shallow depression to a very handsome eleva-
tion, and some fine trees would become both.
On Thursday, the 15th of August, 1822, as ap-
pears from the " Commissioners' Record" (page 45),
the County Board ordered the clerk to advertise in
the Indianapolis Gazette for bids for a court-house,
to be built upon plans furnished by John E. Baker
and James Paxton. The specifications in brief were :
The building was to front on Washington Street,
to be forty-five by sixty feet, and ninety-four feet
high from the ground. It was to be of brick, and
two stories high. The foundation was to be of stone,
eighteen inches in the ground and three feet and a
half out of the ground, and three feet thick. The
walls of the lower story were to be twenty-seven
inches thick, and of the second story twenty-two
inches. There was to be a cupola in the centre
twenty-two and a half feet high, on top of it a dome
five feet high, then a shaft twelve feet, and finally
an iron spire with a gilt ball and vane. On the first
floor were a court-room forty and a half feet square,
and another small room and a hall, each thirteen feet
three inches square. In the second story there were
to be a court-room forty-one feet three inches by
twenty-five feet, two rooms sixteen feet square, the
hall and a room thirteen feet six inches square, and
an entry eight and a half feet wide. The first story
was fifteen and a half feet, the second fifteen feet.
There was a " Doric cornice gutter on the roof, and
four tin conductors with capitals." The roof was
to be of poplar shingles, jointed, five inches to the
weather.
At a special meeting held on the 3d of September,
1822, the commissioners examined bids for building
the house, and awarded the contract to John E.
Baker and James Paxton for thirteen thousand nine
hundred and ninety-six dollars. Operations were to
commence before the 1st day of April, 1823, and the
building to be completed in three years. The build-
ing was inspected by the commissioners, who were still
in office, and this was their last official act. It was
on the 7th day of January, 1825. Only a little
painting and other work remained uncompleted.
(Commissioners' Record, pages 45, 46, 47, and 54.)
Until the completion of the court-house court was
held, as the law required, at the residence of Gen.
John Carr, a double log cabin on Delaware Street,
about opposite the entrance to the court-house. The
first session was held here on the 26th of September,
1822, with Judge William W. Wick presiding, the
newly-qualified associates, Mcllvaine and Harding,
assisting, James M. Ray as clerk, and Hervey Bates
as sheriff. After the court was organized it ad-
journed to Crumbaugh's house, west of the line of
the future canal. Calvin Fletcher was made the
first prosecutor, continuing for three terms, and fol-
lowed by Harvey Gregg, Hiram Brown, William
Quarles, Philip Sweetser, James Morrison, Hugh
O'Neal, Governor Wallace, Governor Hammond,
and others more or less eminent in the profession.
There were thirteen civil causes on the docket, and
twenty-two indictments found, of which, as already
ERECTION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
45
related, six were non prossed. Eleven lawyers were
present, five of them being residents. The session
lasted three days, naturalized an Irishman, Richard
Good, licensed John Hawkins to sell liquor, indicted
a dozen or more for selling without a license, and
established " prison bounds" for the unfortunates
airested and confined for debt, that relic of barbarism
being still in mischievously vigorous condition here.
The first civil case was Daniel Bowman vs. Meridy
Edwards ; the first criminal case, State vs. John
Wyant, for violation of license laws. The second
session was opened May 5, 1823, at Carr's, and ad-
journed to Henderson's tavern, on the site of the
" New York Store." Here appeared the first divorce
ease, Elias Stallcup vs. Ruth Stallcup. The third
session was opened at Carr's, as usual, Nov. 3, 1823,
but adjourned to Harvey Gregg's house. The fourth,
April 12, 1824, adjourned from Carr's to John John-
son's, and the fifth met at Carr's, Oct. 11, 1824, and
adjourned to the partially completed court-house, and
never afterwards left it till it was torn down in 1870
to make room for the present one.
This old court-house was practically the only pub-
lic building in the town from 1825 to 1835. The
Legislature made a State-House of it for three
months every winter. The Federal Court, the Su-
preme Court, the County Court, and the County
Board all met and did business there. More than
this, after the completion of the State-House, and
the removal of that portion of public business to its
own quarters, the old court-house became the City
Hall, the place of conventions, the ready resort of
every gathering that could not go anywhere else and
could pay for lights there. The county's fuel usually
warmed all that got iu. whether public charity or
private show. Joseph G. Marshall and James Whit-
comb, two of the ablest men in the United States in
the days of the giants, held their debate there when
opposing candidates for Governor in 1843. The
eccentric wandering preacher, Lorenzo Dow, preached
there in 1827. Professor Bronson gave his first lec-
tures on " Elocution" there. Col. Lehmanowski lec-
tured there on " Napoleon's Wars." Preachers " out-
side of any healthy organization," as the Southern
senators said of Seward and Sumner, who could not
get the " Old Seminary," could always get the court-
house. " Nigger minstrels" gave the first of their
performances there. A ventriloquist gave a show
there. John Kelly played the fiddle there. Wil-
liam S. Unthank lectured there on electro-magnetism
as a motive-power more than thirty years ago. County
conventions and city meetings assembled there. But
a year or two before it was torn down the citizens
held a meeting there to take measures to get the
Agricultural College, for which Congress had made
provision in all the States, located here, against the
competition of Lafayette and John Purdue. A Mr.
Keeley in 1844 made experiments in mesmerism
there, and set half the fools in town mesmerizing the
other half. Few buildings in a new country, or any
country, have had a greater variety of experiences in
as short a life. It was State-House, court-house, oc-
casional church, convention hall, lecture-room, con-
cert-room, show-room, ball-room in forty-five years.
During the time the present court-house was in
course of erection, from May, 1870, to July, 1876,
the courts were held in a large, cheap two-story
brick building at the west gate, near where the west
entrances from the street now are. In front, and to
the east a few feet, were the old oflBces of the county,
the clerk and treasurer, recorder and auditor, the
last two in the second story, the others on the ground-
floor. In 1827 the Legislature appropriated five
hundred dollars to build a little double-room, one-
story brick house at the west entrance of the Court-
House Square, for the clerk of the Supreme Court,
then and for many years afterwards Henry P. Coburn,
one of the foremost of the old citizens in all good
work. He was one of the first trustees of the town
government, one of the first trustees of the Old
Seminary, and one of the first three trustees of the
city schools, a position in which he contributed as
largely as any man to their wise and beneficent estab-
lishment. He was always put in for gratuitous pub-
lic services, and never made any difference in the
faithfulness and efficiency of his discharge of them.
He was a graduate of Harvard and a college-mate
with Edward Everett, came to this place with the State
government in 1824, was the father of Gen. John
Coburn and Henry, of the firm of Coburn & Jones,
46
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and died July 20, 1854, at the age of sixty-four.
This little building was torn down in 1855, and the
clerk's office was removed to the State-House. The
present court-house was completed in six years from
the removal of the old one, at a cost of one million
four hundred and twenty-two thousand three hundred
and seventy-one dollars and seventy-nine cents, a lit-
tle more than one hundred times as much as the old
house of 1823-25 cost. Costly as it was, and re-
cently as it has been completed, it is said to show
signs of dilapidation. The State is once more
making a eapitol of the county's house while wait-
ing for its own building, as it did from 1825 to
1835, but it had a right to the first one, for it paid
for it and used it as an owner. It has no right to
this one, and must pay as a tenant. The city has
found quarters for its offices in the same building,
after moving about from the old Marion Engine house
on the Circle to any convenient rooms it could get till
it found something like a permanent location in the
Glenn Block, and another later where the Mfenner-
chor Hall is. It will stay now where it is till it gets
a hall of its own. The only other buildiag ever
erected on the Court-House Square was a large tem-
porary frame, built by the political parties for cam-
paign meetings in 1864 on the southeast corner of
the square. It remained for some time after its
special use was completed, and was made a sort of
public hall.
Following the incidents of the organization of the
first court and the occupancy of the Court-House
Square has carried this narrative beyond the order of
time, and it may now return to the further action of
the first ses.sion of the County Board. On the 16th
of April the commissioners, under an act of the
Legislature, appointed Daniel Yandes county treas-
urer, to serve for one year, or till the next February
session, which was the regular time of appointment.
On the 13th of November, 1822, he made his first
report, and it will be found interesting at this day,
when the revenues and expenses of the county are
equal to those of the State at that time :
" Daniel Tandes, County Treasurer, Dr.
To amount of receipts up to this date, for store
licenses, tavern licenses, and taxes on certificates
and sales and writs $169,934
To certified amount of county revenue assessed for
1822 726.79
To the balance in your favor on settlement this day.... 79. Hi
S975.84
Treasurer, Cn.
By payment to grand jurors to this date S2.25
'* to county commissioners .36.00
" to listing, appraisers, etc 70.50
*' to prosecuting attorney 15.25
" to expenses of the courts and juries 40.50
" to returning judges of elections 9.50
" to building county jail account 140.50
" to work on Court-House Square 59.00
" to viewers and surveyors of roads 8.12J
" on poor account 5.00
" on school section accuunt 1.50
*' for printing 32.87^
S421.00
To treasurer's per cent, on $421.00 at 5 per cent 21.00
By amount of county revenue yet due from Harris
Tyner, collector, for the year 1822 490.844
By amount deducted from revenue by delinquents... 42.S7i
$975.84"
Mr. Yandes was reappointed Feb. 10, 1823, to
serve for one year, and was reappointed annually till
1829. The following are the dates of his later ap-
pointments: Feb. 11, 1824, Jan. 3, 1825, Jan. 6,
1826, Jan. 1, 1827, Jan. 8, 1828. James John-
son was appointed in 1829. Hervey Bates was
elected sheriff at the regular State election in August,
and served till 1824, when Alexander W. Russell
succeeded him, and was succeeded in 1828 by Jacob
Landis. Harris Tyner appears from the report of
Mr. Yandes to have been the first tax collector.
James Paxton was the first assessor, by appointment
of the County Board, April 17, 1822. George Smith,
of the Gazette, was elected coroner at the regular elec-
tion in August, but seems not to have served, and
the first in service was Harris Tyner, commissioned
Sept. 1, 1823. A complete list of county officers
will be found in a more appropriate connection. The
purpose here is only to notice the first occupants and
duties of the officers.
On the 29th of May two keel-boats came up the
river, the " Eagle" from the Kanawha, and the
" Boxer" from Zanesville, the former loaded with fif-
teen tons of salt, whiskey, tobacco, and dried fruit, the
latter with thirty-three tons of dry-goods and print-
ing material for Luke Walpole, one of the earliest of
the merchants, who then had a store on the Court-
NOTABLE EVENTS AND INCIDENTS.
47
House Square. Stores then and for years after
kept dry-goods, groceries, hardware, queensware,
liquor, everything, as old baokwoodsmeo used to say,
'■ from scythe-snathes to salt fish, hymn-books, calico,
and tobacco," and a strip of red flannel hung over the
door was the usual sign.
On the 17th of June a meeting was held at
Hawkins' tavern, on Washington Street, to prepare
for the first celebration of the Fourth of July. It
took place on the " Military Ground," which then
covered pretty much all the area north of Washington
Street and west of West Street, then a country lane,
to the road along the edge of the bluflP of White River
and Fall Creek bottoms, now called Blake Street, and
north to Michigan Street. It was heavily wooded,
largely with hackberries, whose little black beads
of fruit with a mere scale of covering, as sweet as
any bee ever made, were a favorite indulgence of the
school-boys of a later day. A few of these old hack-
berries are still standing in what is left of the
[ " Military Ground" in Military Park. The opening
ceremony of the occasion was a sermon by Rev. John
MoCluug, the "New Light" pioneer preacher, on the
text, from Proverbs, " Righteousness exalteth a nation,
but sin is a reproach to any people." Rev. Robert
Brenton " closed with a prayer and benediction." Be-
tween the two religious extremes there came a brief
address from Judge Wick on the events and charac-
ters of the Revolution, closing with the Declaration.
Squire Obed Foote read Washington's Inaugural
Address, with remarks appropriate to the subject,
and John Hawkins read the Farewell Address, with
suitable reflections. The audience certainly got a
better quality of literature and sentiment than they
would have been likely to get from a larger infusion
of original matter. The more material enjoyment of
the day was a deer killed the day before by Robert
Harding on the northwest corner of the donation,
and " barbecued" in a sufiicient hole dug near a big
elm. A long table was set under the trees, and a
better feast made than could be got for less vigorous
appetites at ten dollars a mouth at a Delmonico's.
During the dinner the inevitable speeches were made
by Dr. Samuel G. Mitchell and Maj. John W. Red-
ding. The festivities were completed by a ball at the
house of J. R. Crumbaugh, just west of the site of the
canal near Washington Street.
The observance of the Fourth of July was kept up
faithfully for about the third of a century. Then it
began to fail in interest, and the war put an end to it.
For much the greater part of this long period the
celebration was confined to the Sunday-schools almost
wholly, only a rare parade of mechanics or firemen
breaking the current. Early in the morning the
children of each school would meet at the church,
form a procession with banners, the least in front, and
march, under the superintendent, to some point near
the Circle, where all would fall in and make a pro-
cession of several thousands in the latter days, always
under the marshalship of James Blake, and go to the
State-House Square or to some convenient grove,
where a platform and seats had been provided, and
there hear a prayer, a reading of the Declaration by
some young fellow of promising qualities, and an
oration of the stereotyped kind from a lawyer or
preacher or some one of a pursuit inclining to oratory.
Governor Porter achieved his first local distinction by
a Fourth of July address in the grove on West
Street, afterwards the site of the Soldiers' Home. It
was not of the stereotyped, eagle-screaming, sun-
soaring style, however. He had a Revolutionary
soldier on the platform, and made as efi'ective a use
of him, in a less degree, as Webster did of his old
soldiers in his speech on Bunker Hill. Another
striking address on a like occasion was that of ex-
Governor Wallace in the State-House Square the
year before, not far from the middle of the decade of
1840 to 1850. The conclusion of the celebration
was a liberal distribution of " rusks" and water, and
a benediction that sent all home before the unpleasant
hour of noon. Since the war the Fourth has been a
sort of general picnic holiday, or occasion for a fes-
tive celebration by some one of the many associations
in the city. For about thirty years it was steadily
maintained by the Sunday-schools, from 1828 to
1858.
On the 20th of June, three days after settling
upon the mode and means of celebrating the Fourth,
the citizens held another meeting at the school-
house, near the present intersection of Illinois
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Street and Kentucky Avenue, to settle the ar-
rangements for a permanent school. Trustees were
appointed, and Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence selected as
teachers. The school was maintained for some years.
Mr. Reed, the first teacher in the settlement, did
not keep his place more than one quarter, — all
schooling was counted by the quarter (of twelve
weeks) in those days, — but others succeeded him
till this permanent arrangement was made in Jun^,
1822. Who the first trustees were there is no
record to tell, and no reminiscence recalls them,
but it would not be a wild guess to say that
James Blake or James M. Ray or Calvin Fletcher
was among them.
The first State election in the New Purchase oc-
curred on the 5th of August, 1822. William
Hendricks, uncle of ex- Governor and ex-United
States Senator Thomas A. Hendricks, received three
hundred and fifteen out of the three hundred and
seventeen votes cast for Governor. He served two
terms in the National Senate after leaving the Ex-
ecutive chair. This vote would indicate a popula-
tion of fifteen hundred to sixteen hundred in the
county with the enlargement then appended to it.
As above noted, Mr. Bates was elected sheriff at
this election, and served a full term of two years.
George Smith, elected coroner, was succeeded in
1824 by Harris Tyner. In the militia election of
the 6th of the next month, James Paxton was
elected colonel of the Fortieth Regiment, Samuel
Morrow lieutenant-colonel, and Alexander W. Rus-
sell major.
The leading events of the three years of the
first settlement of the city may be summed up
thus: in 1820 the selection of the capital site,
birth of first child, cultivation of the " caterpillar
deadening;" in 1821 the first appointment of justices,
laying out the town, the epidemic and the famine,
the first sermon, the first marriage, the first death,
the first store, the first sale of lots, the first school-
house and school, — a year of first things ; in 1822
the organization of the county, designation of town-
ships, measures for county buildings, first tax levy
and report, and generally the incidents of the tran-
sition of a community from an accidental collection
into an organized body prepared to support and
take care of itself.
During the remainder of the year 1822 the
chief incidents of which any record or recollection
remains was a camp-meeting, beginning September
12th, east of the town, presided over by Rev.
James Scott, sent here by the St. Louis Confer-
ence in 1821, the first of a long series of this class
of assemblages held in or about the donation, and
still kept up, in an improved form with perma-
nent arrangements, at a convenient point southeast
of the city, near the little town of Acton, on the
Cincinnati Railroad. The " Military Ground" was a
favorite location for some years. Then they were
held in the northwest corner of the donation, in a
sugar-grove east of the canal, known as the " Tur-
key Roost," and the general resort of the school-
boys for little sugar saplings for "shinny clubs." The
camp-ground was in the western edge of it. For some
years a grove near the present site of the Deaf and
Dumb Asylum was used, then for a considerable
time they were abandoned about here altogether.
Their revival and establishment permanently at
Acton is an affair of the last decade mainly. For
a whole generation the most prominent and eSec-
tive preacher at camp-meetings was Rev. James
Havens, irreverently called by the ungodly " Old
Sorrel," a man of rugged and powerful structure,
both physically and intellectually, as fearless as the
famous Peter Cartwright, and as well able to pro-
tect himself from the violence that he sometimes
had to encounter or expect from the " roughs"
who sought diversion in disturbing the meetings.
The most notable incident in all that is remem-
bered of these gatherings about here is his en-
counter with a man named Burkhart, commonly
called " Buckhart," the leader of a lawless crowd
brought here by the work on the National road
and the Central Canal, and left here idle when
those works were abandoned. They lived by dig-
ging wells and moving houses, when they did any-
thing but steal, and when they could not do better
lived on the corn and potatoes, pigs and chickens
of the farms that then covered the greater part of
what is now the city. They were called the " chain-
NOTABLE EVENTS AND INCIDENTS.
49
gang." Two or three met violent deaths in affrays
a few years later, but Burkhart left the town, went
down about the " Bluffs," and died in his bed at
a ripe old age, in better moral condition than he
had lived for most of his life. The camp-meeting
which was the scene of the incident was held on
the " Military Ground." " Old Dave Buckhart"
appeared there on the skirts of the assembly pretty
drunk, and wandering /barefooted in the simple
costume of a dirty shirt and pair of pantaloons,
his usual style of dress, from one point to another,
singing a ribald song, or couplet rather, of his own
making. Gen. Thomas A. Morris, the hero of the
We.'t Virginia campaign, the credit of which Mc-
Clellan absorbed, and Hugh O'Neal, one of the fore-
most criminal lawyers of the State, had learned some-
thing of the purpose of the chain-gang to disturb
the camp-meeting, and went there expressly to pre-
vent it and punish the rowdies. As soon as Burk-
hart's singing was seen to attract attention they
went to him, and at almost the same instant Mr.
Havens came up. A peremptory order of silence
was met by a drunken defiance, which the legendary
account says was followed by a blow " from the
shoulder" by the preacher that knocked the rowdy
senseless. But Gen. Morris says he is not sure
that Mr. Havens struck Burkhart, and that there
was no knock-down. This phase of the story took
form from an occurrence the next day, when Burk-
hart was before Squire Scudder for disturbing the
meeting. He was " gostrating" to the crowd at-
tending the trial, and the late Samuel Merrill,
thinking that the most effectual way to " squelch"
the leader of the " chain-gang" and hold it in
more wholesome dread of the law-abiding commu-
nity would be to beat him at his own game, and
show him that rowdies were not as formidable an-
tagonists as better men, challenged him to wrestle
with him. The rowdy was heavily and easily thrown
by the sober and muscular lawyer, greatly to his
chagrin and the discomfiture of the gang. It was
not long after this that he left the town, and never
returned except for a brief visit.
An incident of the fall of 1822, still well remem-
bered by the survivors of the early settlers, was an
4
invasion of gray squirrels that came from the east
going westward. They were liberally killed, but the
massacre made no impression on their countless num-
bers. They destroyed a large portion of the corn
they found in the line they followed as undeviatingly
as a bullet, in spite of fences and streams and swamps.
In 1845 another such emigration occurred, but of
less extent and destructiveness. After this last there
came a gradual change upon the character of the
squirrel population of the county. Previously the
" gray" was the only variety known, except a very
rare red or " fox" squirrel. Afterwards the latter
became the larger, and displaced the other almost as
largely as it had itself been displaced. But this sort
of game disappeared rapidly after the completion of
the first lines of railroad, and now it is rarely seen
nearer the city than a half-dozen miles.
The fall of 1822 was signalized by the first at-
tempts to open roads under the act of the Legislature
of the preceding session. These roads must be dis-
tinguished from the county roads, ordered by the
County Board on petition, and examined by " view-
ers," which constituted so large a part of the care of
the county government in early days, and ever since
in fact. They were surveyed and some work done
upon them under direction of commissioners ap-
pointed by the act authorizing them, but little seems
to have been accomplished, except to clear away the
trees, leaving the stumps nearly as serious an ob-
struction. The White Water region was that with
which the settlement naturally desired the earliest
intercourse, and the roads in that direction were first
opened, with one southward toward Madison, over
which early in the winter a public meeting at Carter's
tavern demanded a weekly mail to Vernon, Jennings
Co., during the sessions of the Legislature at Cory-
don. The roads of this period and for many a year
afterwards were about as bad as any civilized com-
munity ever had to put up with. They were pass-
able for wagons and loads only when dried up in
summer or frozen up in winter, and even in these
favorable conditions there were long stretches that
had to be " cross-layed" with rails or logs, filled in
with chunks, to be passable even to a traveler on
horseback. Since the advent of railroads, and the
50
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
diminished reliance of the community on wagon-
roads for any but neighborhood communication, these
latter have been improved greatly everywhere, and
now there are none entering the city that are not
well graded and graveled, and as passable at one
season as another.
The first change from the primitive condition of
the roads was the " macadamizing" of the National
road by the government. An effort was made early
in the settlement to get Congress to run the line of
this then great national work through Indianapolis,
but nothing was accomplished till Oliver H. Smith,
afterwards founder of the " Bee Line" Railroad, be-
came a member of Congress from the eastern district
of the State in 1827. The line would have passed
near Columbus, in this State, Mr. Smith says in his
" Early Indiana Sketches," but he succeeded in car-
rying an amendment that brought it here, and along
our principal street, then and for a whole generation
better known as " Main Street" than Washington.
The " metaling" of this road extended through the
town and beyond the river to a point a few hundred
feet west of Eagle Creek, but it stopped in the town
at the eastern end, near East Street, leaving a con-
siderable distance uncovered to a point where a short
stretch east of Pogue's Creek was " metaled." The
survey of this road was made by the late Lazarus B.
Wilson, engineer of the " Louisville, New Albany
and Chicago" Railroad. He also planned the wooden
arch bridges on the line, which have been in constant
use with little repair, except replacing the soft slate
of the first stone-work of the river bridge with
durable limestone, since 1833. William Wernweg
and Walter Blake were contractors for these bridges.
" Cross-laying," as often as otherwise called " cross-
waying," was the universal substitute for better road-
making during the first thirty years of the existence
of the city. All the " bottoms" of streams were thus
made roughly passable, with frequent repair and re-
placing of rotten rails and logs. The old Madison
road, through Franklin and Columbus, was especially
improved or infested with cross-way work. Not lono-
before the Union Depot was built the whole breadth
of Pogue's Creek bottom, the head of this road, from
Louisiana Street, at the foot of the rise on which the
residence of Morris Morris stood on South Meridian
Street, to the rise on the other side at the " White
Point," built by Dr. John B. McClure, and long oc-
cupied by Nicholas McCarty, was a mass of rails and
saplings and chunks and swamp-slush, bordered by a
willow-fringed cow-pasture on the west side and a
corn-field on the east, where the Eagle Machine- Works
stand. In making the later substantial improvements
of this street some indications of the old condition
were discovered. The town streets were little better
than the country roads for many years. Even after
the trees were cut out, — and trees were standing in
some streets that are now built solidly for squares as
late as 1842 or 1843, — the stumps were left for the
wagon-way to wander around as crookedly as a
" bottom" bayou, reinforced by frequent mud-holes,
turned by large bodies of unrestrained hogs into hog-
wallows. The fences along each side were " worm-
fences," and sidewalks were pig-tracks hugging closely
the corners of the fences when a big mud-hole had to
be circumvented. But a few of the more central were
better.
One of the last incidents of the year was the elec-
tion by the Legislature, early in December, of Bethuel
F. Morris, grandfather of the distinguished young
naturalist and Amazonian explorer, Ernest Morris,
State agent in place of James Milroy, a non-resident,
appointed by the Governor to succeed Gen. Carr, who
had re.signed. Mr. Morris was subsequently president
judge of the Circuit Court, and cashier of the Indian-
apolis Branch of the State Bank. He died some
twenty years ago, after a long period of retired life,
at his home near the crossing of Morris Street and
Madison Avenue. About the time of his appointment
to the agency on the 7th of December, the first sale
of lots for delinquent taxes took place. It was a
long one, and the fact that the greatest delinquency
was but two dollars eighty-seven and one-half cents,
and the range ran all the way down to twenty-five
cents, showed that money was hard to come by when
such small amounts could not be commanded for so
important a purpose as the redemption of town lots.
Fortunes were going begging then if anybody had
known it. Some few may have neither known nor
guessed it, but were lucky enough to take " the tide
NOTABLE EVENTS AND INCIDENTS.
51
at the flood." With most, however, it was the story
of the man who could have got the half of the site
of Chicago for a pair of boots, but had not the boots.
Some of the largest fortunes in the city date from this
tax sale and the condition of general finances it in-
dicated. A proposition to incorporate the town this
year was beaten.
The winter of 1822-23 was made a pleasant sea-
son, like that of the year before, by social enjoyments
and free commingling of all the settlers in pursuing
them, though it followed, like the other, a summer of
much sickness, and fell in a time of great financial
trouble. The county was settling up pretty rapidly.
Two hundred and five entries of land had been made
in Centre township outside of the donation during the
years 1821-22, and many of the purchasers had be-
come residents. In Decatur township forty-five en-
tries were made in those two years ; in Wayne, one
hundred and sixty-eight; in Pike, twenty-nine; in
Washington, one hundred and forty-six ; in Law-
rence, ten; in Warren, nineteen; in Franklin, fif-
teen ; in Perry, eighty-one. It is noticeable that the
townships more remote from the older settled por-
tions of the State, from which immigrants might be
expected, received more land-buyers than those on
the east side and nearer. Wayne had a hundred and
sixty-eight to nineteen in Warren, Decatur forty-five
to ten in Lawrence, Pike twenty-nine to fifteen in
Franklin. Land-buyers thought the western part of
the county, with portions of the central tier of town-
ships, contained the most desirable land.
The first act of the Legislature in the new year of
1823 was the assignment of a legislative representa-
tion to the two-year-old county, January 7th. Can-
didates began to show up with characteristic Ameri-
can promptness at once, and the canvass of merits
was kept up briskly till the election the next August.
Early in the spring, as already related in the account
of the first religious movements in the settlement,
the Presbyterians took steps to build the first church
in the town, on North Pennsylvania Street, pretty
nearly opposite the Grand Opera-House site, and on
the completion of the church organization the follow-
ing July, Rev. David C. Proctor, of Connecticut,
who had been retained as a missionary in 1822-23,
was the first pastor, succeeded in September, 1824,
by the celebrated oriental scholar and religious
" free-lance," Professor George Bush, who was much
such another as the more noted Orestes A. Brownson,
except that he did not turn Catholic as the latter did.
The religious vagaries of no two men in the country,
backed by rare abilities and profound scholarship as
they were, have attracted so much attention. Pro-
fessor Bush continued in charge to March 20, 1829.
On the 7th of March the second newspaper of the
New Purchase made its first appearance under the
name of Western Censor and Emigrant's Guide, with
the customary ambition of papers in new settlements
taking a name better proportioned to its hope than
its importance. It was published and printed in a
building on Washington Street, opposite the site of
the New York Store, by Harvey Gregg and Douglass
Maguire. Not much is known of the former now
more than that he was a lawyer of good abilities from
Kentucky, and appeared in the bar at the first ses-
sion of the court. Mr. Nowland relates an incident
of his first visit here at the time of the lot sales in
1821 which illustrates his characteristic absent-
mindedness and the solid honesty of the people and
the times. He had brought a considerable sum with
him to buy land, and had about two hundred dollars
in gold left after making his first payments. He
missed this one morning, and supposed he had
dropped it from his pocket somewhere where he
had been examining land. He gave it up for gone
and went home. The following spring Mrs. Now-
land found it under the rag-carpet of the room he
had slept in with sixteen other men, all of whom
might have seen him stick it under the carpet, and
probably did, but had no more thought of meddling
with it than they would if it had been locked in a
dynamite safe. Travelers and moralists have boasted
that the Finns have no word for steal, and know no
use for locks. The primitive settlers of Indianapolis
might have contested the Monthyon prize of virtue
with them. It may be enough to suggest that the
condition of society has changed in sixty-two years,
and it would not be safe to put two hundred dollars
under a carpet with sixteen other men in the room,
with any expectation of seeing it again. He was the
52
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
second lawyer to settle in the new toivn. He died
early.
Douglass Maguire, his partner, long sJrvived him,
and was far better known. He came to the place in
the spring of 1823 from Kentucky, was the last State
auditor elected by the Legislature but one before
the Constitution of 1850 went into operation, and
was one of the four delegates from this county to
the convention that framed that instrument. Gover-
nor Wallace being the other Whig, and Alexander F.
Morrison and Jacob Page Chapman the two Demo-
crats. Mr. Maguire bore a strong resemblance to
Henry Clay both in form and feature, and was to the
full as generous and warm-hearted. The Western
Censor and Emigrant' s Gruide was the precursor of
the Journal, as the Gazette was of the Sentinel. Like
its rival, its first issues were irregular. The second
number appeared on the 19th of March, the third on
the 26th of March, the fourth on the 2d of April
the fifth on the 19th, the sixth on the 23d, after
which its issue was regular. On the removal of the
capital to Indianapolis in the fall of 1824, the State
printer, John Douglass, bought the paper and changed
the name to the Journal. The Journal it has been
ever since, nearly sixty years now. The old editor,
Mr. Maguire, retained an interest for some years with
Mr. Douglass, and the firm was Douglass & Maguire,
— very nearly a repetition of Mr. Maguire's name.
About a mouth after the appearance of the second
paper the first Sunday-school was organized in the
cabinet-shop of Caleb Scudder, on the south side of
the State-House Square, April 6, 1823. It proved
a very popular as well as wholesome enterprise, mus-
tering no less than seventy pupils the third Sunday.
When the weather became bad in the fall it was sus-
pended till the next spring, and was revived a year
after its formation in April, 1824. The first Presby-
terian Church was completed that spring and summer,
and the school taken there. It was never suspended
again. In 1829 it celebrated the Fourth of July in
the fashion above described, and thenceforward the
Sunday-schools monopolized the national holiday till
its general celebration was abandoned except as a
mere day of idling and making pleasant parties. The
average attendance the first year was reported to be
about forty, the second year fifty, the third year
seventy -five, the fourth one hundred and six, the fifth
one hundred and fifty. In 1827 a library of one
hundred and fifty volumes had been procured. Up
to 1829, when the Methodists completed their first
church, all denominations united in this school, and
it was thence called the " Union School," superin-
tended and mainly promoted by Dr. Isaac Coe. It
may be noted here that in all the Sunday-school pro-
cessions on the Fourth of July from 1829 for thirty
years nearly James Blake was the marshal, if he was
at home. In 1829 the Methodist scholars colonized
in their own church, and the Baptists followed in
three years, as soon as they had a suitable place in
their church. But the co-operation of all the schools
was secured by a Sunday-school Union, in which all
were represented.
There were other indications of the solid growth of
the town than the establishment of a second paper
and the acquisition of a representation in the Legis-
lature. The agent sold four acres of the donation, at
sixty-five dollars and seventy-five cents an acre, for
brick-yards. Better structures than the frames that
were partially replacing logs were contemplated,
though but one brick house, that of John Johnson,
already referred to, was in progress. About the 1st
of June two enterprising settlers, William Townsend,
a pioneer of 1820, and Earl Pearce, later, put a set
of woolen machinery in the mill of Isaac Wilson, on
Fall Creek race, where Pattison's mill stood for many
years in the later days of the town. FoUowiog close
upon this came two new hotels of a more pretentious
character than their log predecessors. I'he first was a
large frame built by Maj. Thomas Carter opposite the
court-house, opened on the 6th of October, and the
scene of the first Baptist sermo^ on the 26th of the
same month. Though a regular Baptist Church
organization had existed from September of the year
before, and a Mr. Barnes had been engaged as a
preacher in June, third Saturday, 1823, yet the first
regular sermon seems to have waited this chance in
the house of one of the most devoted and deserving
of the members. The hotel was burned Jan. 17,
1825, during the first session of the Legislature, and
the proprietor, in the days long before insurance was
NOTABLE EVENTS AND INCIDENTS.
53
known in the New Purchase, lost all he had, with no
indemnification. Mr. Ignatius Brown, illustrating
the folly that sensible men will commit during the
excitement of a fire if they are unused to such
calamities, says that a squad of the citizens thought
to save the sign which swung in country fashion to a
tall post in front of the house, and chopped it down
as they would a tree, the fall smashing the sign all to
splinters, as they would have known if they had not
lost their heads. Some months afterwards Mr. Carter
replaced the burned house with that of Mr. Crum-
baugh near the site of West Street, and kept his
tavern there prosperously for several years till his
death. The other hotel lived to become by itself and
successor the most noted in the town or the State for
about thirty years. This was the " Washington
Hall," a frame on the site of the New York Store,
built by James Blake and Samuel Henderson at the
same time as Mr. Carter's house, but opened three
months later,* Jan. 12, 182-1. Mr. Henderson had
kept a smaller tavern there previously. The successor
of the '• Hall" in 1836 was a brick, and made the
name famous under the management of the late Ed-
mund Browning. The old frame was moved to the
next lot east, and there for a number of years was a
shoe-shop in the lower story, and the law-office of
Governor Wallace in the upper, where Lewis, his son,
— now a distinguished general of the civil war and
novelist and minister to Constantinople, — wrote sev-
eral chapters of a novel in the style of G. P. R. James
called the " Man at Arms," a tale of the thirteenth
century.
Mr. Ignatius Brown notes that early in the spring
of this year — 1823 — three young settlers, named
Stephen Howard, Israel Jlitchell, and Martin Smith,
started for the Russian settlements on the Pacific by
way of Pembina. Nothing was ever heard of them,
except that they reached Fort Armstrong early in
May, and on the 15th of August, three months and
eleven days after reaching the fort on the Mississippi,
got to Fever River, having seen no white man for
twenty-three days after leaving the Vermillion Salt-
Works, and having been robbed by the Indians and
nearly starved. During the same spring the " In-
diana Central Medical Society" was formed to license
physicians to practice under the law then in force,
with Dr. Samuel G. Mitchell as president, and Dr.
Livingston Dunlap as secretary, the forerunner of
many a medical association and college since. The
Fourth of July was celebrated at the cabin of
Wilkes Reagin, near the crossing of Market Street
and Pogue's Run. He fed the company with an-
other barbecue, and the company included a rifle
company, commanded by Capt. Curry, of whom
nothing more appears to be known. Mr. Reagin was
a conspicuous man, being the first butcher, the first
auctioneer, and one of the three first justices elected
by the people. Rev. D. C. Proctor and Rev. Isaac
Reed performed the religious services of the occasion,
and Daniel B. Wick, brother of the judge, read the
Declaration, and Morris Morris delivered the address.
The September succeeding showed a population, ac-
cording to the new Censor, of six or seven hundred,
with a better state of health through the summer than
had been generally believed. The Censor, true to its
name, used the occasion to censure the jealousy with
which other towns in the State regarded the still un-
used capital.
The August election for first members of the
Legislature resulted in the choice of James Gregory,
of Shelby, as senator, and James Paxton, of this
county, as representative. There were the usual
winter diversions to close the year, but varied, ac-
cording to Mr. Brown's citation of an announcement
in the Gdizette, by a theatrical performance of " Mr.
Smith and wife, of the New York theatre," in the
dining-room of Carter's tavern, on the last night of
the year. Mr. Nowland puts this first dramatic exhibi-
tion in the winter of 1825-26, and says the performer
was a Mr. Crampton, a strolling actor. The difi'er-
cnce is of no consequence as long as there is entire
concurrence on the main feature of the affair. Music
was needed, of course, and there was nobody to make
it but Bill Bagwell, a jolly, vagabond sort of fellow,
who made the first cigars in the place in a cabin on
the southwest corner of Maryland and Illinois Streets,
and played the fiddle at the pioneer dances and wed-
dings. Maj. Carter was a rigid Baptist, of the kind
called by " unrespective" unbelievers " forty-gallon"
Baptists, who, though sober men, were not at all
54
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
fanatical in their views as to the use of liquor, but
he was immovably convinced of the sinfulness of
playing or hearing a fiddle. To get his consent to
allow Bagwell to play orchestra to the performance,
the actor and musician both had to assure him that
the instrument of the occasion was not a fiddle but a
violin, and the performance of a hymn tune satisfied
him of the difference. Mr. Nowland says the major
interrupted the exhibition to stop the orchestra in
playing the depraved jig called " Leather Breeches,"
and it required considerable diplomacy and the per-
formance of church music to appease him. The pieces
performed, the '' Doctor's Courtship, or the Indulgent
Father," and the "Jealous Lovers"; tickets, thirty-
seven and a half cents. Several performances were
given, and the couple returned the following June
but failed, and left suddenly, probably helped to the
determination by a criticism of the Censor, which
rated tlie performance rather low.
It may have been a mere whim of a couple of over-
sanguine new-comers, or it may have been a larger
promise of prosperity than appears now to have been
credible or possible at that time, but it is true, never-
theless, that a Maj. Sullinger opened a " Military
School" here on the 13th of January, 1824, for "the
instruction of militia ofiScers and soldiers." Nearly
at the same time William C. McDougal opened the
first real estate agency, though the Gazette shows that
its proprietor, George Smith, as before noted, opened
a similar est.ablishment a year or two later. The
month of January was signalized to the pioneer par-
ticularly by an act of the Legislature of the 25th,
ordering the permanent removal of the capital that
is, the State offices and records — by the 10th of the
following January, 1825, the Legislature to meet that
day in the court-house capitol of the new capital
for the first time. No doubt the promptness of the
passage of this act was due in part to the delegation
from the New Purchase, and the power of two votes
to help those who helped the owners. On the return
of Mr. Senator Gregory and Representative Paxton
on the 21st of February, a public banquet was given
them by the grateful citizens, and the occasion illus-
trated with highly-colored views of the prosperity that
would follow the change. Their dreams have been
more than fulfilled, but not till all who were old
enough to take part in the festivities were in their
graves.
The nest incident in the fifth year of the settle-
ment was the most startling and alarming that had
yet occurred. This was the murder, on the 22d of
March, 1824, of a company of nine Indians of the
Shawanese tribe, — two men, three women, two boys,
and two girls, — some eight miles above Pendleton, by
a company of six whites, four men and two boys.
An account of this cruel massacre was given in a
sketch of the occupancy of the New Purchase by the
Indians, but there may be added here, as illustrative
of the early condition of the white settlements, the
account both of the crime and the trial made by Hon.
Oliver H. Smith, ex-United States senator, who wit-
nessed the trials, and was at the time one of the lead-
ing lawyers of the State.
" The Indians were encamped on the east side of
Fall Creek, about eight miles above the falls. The
country around their camping-ground was a dense,
unbroken forest filled with game. The principal In-
dian was called Ludlow, and was said to be named for
Stephen Ludlow, of Lawrenceburg. The other man I
call Mingo. (His name appears from other accounts to
have been Logan.) The Indians had commenced their
season's hunting and trapping, the men with their guns,
the squaws setting the traps, preparing and cooking
the game, and caring for the children, — two boys some
ten years old, and two girls of more tender years. A
week had passed, and the success of the Indians had
been only fair, with better prospects ahead, as spring
was opening and raccoons were beginning to leave
their holes in the trees in search of frogs that had
begun to leave their muddy beds at the bottoms of the
creeks. The trapping season was only just com-
mencing. Ludlow and his band, wholly unsuspicious
of harm and unconscious of any approaching enemies,
were seated around their camp-fire, when there ap-
proached through the woods five white men, — Harper,
Hudson, Sawyer, Bridge, Sr., Bridge, Jr. Harper
was the leader, and stepping up to Ludlow took him
by the hand and told him his party had lost their
horses, and wanted Ludlow and Mingo to help find
them. The Indians agreed to go in search of the
NOTABLE EVENTS AND INCIDENTS.
55
horses. Ludlow took one path and Mingo another.
Harper followed Ludlow and Hudson trailed Mingo,
keeping some fifty yards behind. They traveled some
short distance from the camp, when Harper shot
Ludlow through the body ; he fell dead on his face.
Hudson, on hearing the crack of the rifle of Harper,
immediately shot Mingo, the ball entering just below
his shoulders and passing clear through his body.
The party then met and proceeded to within gunshot
of the camp. Sawyer shot one of the squaws through
the head, Bridge, Sr., shot another squaw, and Bridge,
Jr., the other. Sawyer then fired at the oldest boy,
but only wounded him. The other children were
shot by some of the party. Harper then led the way
on to the camp. The two squaws, one boy, and the
two little girls lay dead, but the oldest boy was still
living. Sawyer took him by the legs and knocked
his brains out against the end of a log. The camp
was then robbed of everything worth carrying away.
" Harper, the ringleader, left immediately for Ohio,
and was never taken. (He is said by tradition to
have reached Ohio, eighty miles away through the
woods, in twenty-four hours.) Hudson, Sawyer,
Bridge, Sr., and Bridge, Jr., were arrested, and
when I first saw them they were confined in a square
log jail, built of heavy beech and sugar-tree logs,
notched down closely, and fitting tight above, below,
and on the sides. The prisoners were all heavily
ironed and sitting on the straw on the floor. Hud-
son was a man of about middle size, with a bad look,
dark eye, and bushy hair, about thirty-five years of
age in appearance. Sawyer was about the same age,
rather heavier than Hudson, but there was nothing
in his appearance that would have marked him in a
crowd as any other than a common farmer. Bridge,
Sr., was much older than Sawyer, his head was quite
gray ; he was above the common height, slender, and
a little bent while standing. Bridge, Jr., was a tall
stripling some eighteen years of age. Bridge, Sr.,
was the father of Bridge, Jr., and the brother-in-law
of Sawyer.
" The news of these Indian murders flew upon the
wings of the wind. The settlers became greatly
alarmed, fearing the retaliatory vengeance of the
tribes, and especially of the other bands of the Sen-
ecas (Shawanese). The facts reached Mr. John
Johnston at the Indian agency at Piqua, Ohio. An
account was sent from the agency to the War De-
partment. Col. Johnston and William Conner visited
all the Indian tribes and assured them that the gov-
ernment would punish the ofienders, and obtained
the promises of the chiefs and warriors that they
would wait and see what their ' Great Father' would
do before they took the matter into their own hands.
This quieted the fears of the settlers, and prepara-
tions were made for the trials. A new log build-
ing was erected at the north part of Pendleton, with
two rooms, one for the court and one for the grand
jury. The court-room was about twenty by thirty
feet, with a heavy puncheon floor, a platform at one
end three feet high, with a strong railing in front, a
bench for the judges, a plain table for the clerk in
front on the floor, a long bench for the counsel, a
little pen for the prisoners, a side bench for the wit-
nesses, and a long pole in front, substantially sup-
ported, to separate the crowd from the court and bar.
A guard day and night was placed around the jail.
The court was composed of Mr. Wick, presiding
judge, Samuel Holliday and Adam Winchell, associ-
ates. Judge Wick was young on the bench, but
with much experience in criminal trials. Judge
Winchell was a blacksmith, and had ironed the pris-
oners. Moses Cox was the clerk. He could barely
write his name, and when a candidate for justice of
the peace at Connersville he boasted of his superior
qualifications : ' I have been sued on every section
of the statute, and know all about the law, while my
competitor has never been sued, and knows nothing
about the statute.' Samuel Cory, the sheriff, was a
fine specimen of a woods Hoosier, tall and strong-
boned, with a hearty laugh, without fear of man or
beast, and with a voice that made the woods ring
as he called the jurors and witnesses. Col. John-
ston, the Indian agent, was directed to attend the
trial to see that the witnesses were present and to
pay their fees. Gen. Noble, then a United States
senator, was employed by the Secretary of War to
prosecute, with power to fee an assistant. Philip
Sweetzer, a young son-in-law of the general, of high
promise in his profession, was selected as assistant.
56
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Calvin Fletcher, then a young man of more than or-
dinary ability, and a good criminal lawyer, was the
regular prosecuting attorney. ' In another allusion
to these cases Mr. Smith mentions the lawyers who
were present, — Gen. James Noble, Philip Sweetzer,
Harvey Gregg, Lot Bloomfield, James Rariden,
Charles H. Test, Calvin Fletcher, Daniel B. Wick,
and William R. Morris, of this State, and Gen.
Sampson Mason and Moses Vance, of Ohio. These
last were defending.
The conviction and execution of the prisoners, ex-
cept Harper, who escaped, and young Bridge, who
was pardoned, are related in the sketch already re-
ferred to. Mr. Nowland describes the novel gallows
that was used : " A wagon was drawn up the side of
the hill on planks, so that the wheels would move
easily. A post was placed on the side of the hill,
just above the wagon. To this post the wagon was
fastened by a rope, so that when the rope was cut the
wagon would run down the hill without aid. The
two old men were placed in the tail of the wagon,
the ropes adjusted, and at the signal the rope was
cut, and the wagon ran from under the men. Sawyer
broke his arms loose, caught the rope, and raised |
himself about eighteen inches. The sheriflF quickly
caught him by the ankles, and gave a sudden jerk,
which brought the body down, and he died without
another struggle." The extended quotation from
Mr. Smith's reminiscences is interesting, not only as
an account of an afikir of national importance, and
especially important to the settlers of Indianapolis
and the country around, but as a picture of the
primitive backwoods court-house and modes of court
business. These executions, as before remarked, are
claimed to be the first that ever occurred in the
United States as the penalty, judicially inflicted, of
the murder of Indians by whites. Hudson escaped
once after his sentence, and hid in a hollow log in
the darkness of an unusually dark night, but was
soon discovered and arrested. Many years ago it
used to be told among the old settlers and their chil-
dren that Governor Ray, in the speech announcing
the pardon of young Bridge, June 30, 1825, after
his father and Sawyer had been hung, said to the
young murderer : " There are but two powers in the
universe that can now save your life. One is the
Almighty God and the other is the Executive of
Indiana." It was probably a joke manufactured
after the old Governor's eccentricities had become so
striking and notorious that such an imputation could
not harm him. He was long a noted citizen of In-
dianapolis.
Governor Ray was Lieutenant-Governor with Gov-
ernor Hendricks, and from February 25th, when
Hendricks went to the National Senate, he was act-
ing Governor. He was subsequently elected two full
terms, and left the office, the last he ever held, in
December, 1831. He came to the capital about the
time the Legislature met, Jan. 10, 1825, bought
property here, and remained here till he died, about
1850. He owned a considerable portion of the
square on Washington Street, opposite the court-
house, near where Carter's tavern had stood, and in
his later life, when his mind began to be considerably
unsettled, he imagined a magnificent railroad system,
of which this block of his was to be the centre. Ra-
diating lines were to penetrate the country in all di-
rections, with villages every five miles, tow_ns every
twenty miles, and cities every fifty miles. Deep
gorges among hills were to be crossed on a natural
trestle-work, made by sawing oif the tops of trees
level with the track, and laying sills on these.
Oddly enough this very expedient has been used on
the Denver and Rio Grande Narrow-Gauge Road, or
a road among the mountains in that region. Not
less singular is the fact that this " dream of a sick
brain," as everybody thought it when it was told
and talked about, has proved a most substantial
reality, except that Governor Ray's court-house
block is not the site of the great central hub depot.
In 1826 his influence with the Indians, says Mr.
Nowland, when he was a commissioner, with Gen. Tip-
ton, of this State, and Gen. Cass, of Michigan, to pro-
cure a cession of the lands of the Pottawatomies and
Eel River and Wabash Miamis, secured from the In-
dians a grant to the State of one section of land for
every mile of road, a hundred feet wide, from Lake
Michigan through Indianapolis to the Ohio, at any
point fixed by the Legislature. It was a most
valuable donation, and the '' old Michigan road,"
NOTABLE EVENTS AND INCIDENTS.
57
running through Shelbyville, Greensburg, Napoleon,
to Madison, the point selected by the Legislature,
was long the best improved road in the State, and
never inferior to any but the completed portions of
the National road. The Governor's son, James
Brown Gay Ray, died when a boy, but a daughter
survived him, and continues his abilities, without his
vagaries, in some of our best citizens.
The usual Fourth of July celebration was held at
Reagin's, as the year before, with Gabriel J. Johnson
as orator for the citizens and Maj. J. W. Redding for
the militia. Squire Foote was the reader. The
August election following showed a change in the
lines of parties from the position in 1822, when
" White Water" was arrayed against " Kentucky."
Now the contestants were two Kentuckians, Col. A.
W. Russell and Morris Morris, candidates for sheriff
to succeed Mr. Bates. Russell was elected by two
hundred and sixty-five to one hundred and forty-
eight for Mr. Morris. At the Presidential election
in November, Clay received two hundred and thirteen
votes, Jackson ninety-nine, and Adams sixteen. Clay
had all the " Kentucky" strength and a good deal of
the "White Water." The poll in the county was
one hundred and two less in the Presidential than
in the State election, supposed to have been the re-
sult of removals to the adjacent regions in the inter-
val. In April the Sunday-school visitors reported a
resident population on the donation of one hundred
and seventy-two voters, and forty-five single women
from fifteen to forty-five. The voters would indicate
a population of about eight hundred. A little more
than two years before the Gazette, as before noted,
had enumerated sixty-one men of seventeen different
pursuits, who were supposed to be about half of the
adult male population of the spring of 1822, indi-
cating a total population of about six hundred. This
was not increased in the election on 1st of April.
So the growth of the town in two years, from April
22d to April 24th, seems to have been about three
hundred residents. It does not fairly show the addi-
tional immigration in that time, however, because a
good many who came to the town afterwards re
moved to the country. A large emigration to the
Wabash passed through the town this year. The
streets and the lots along Washington Street, and di-
verging from it in some places, were more or less
cleared of trees, the court-house was in progress, the
Presbyterian Church well advanced, a school-house
built, two or throe religious organizations holding
regular services, two new and superior hotels ad-
vancing, a distillery on the bayou, a woolen-mill and
three or four grist- and saw-mills at work, so that
there was no cause for serious discouragement, though
progress was not rapid enough to excite any very
sanguine hopes. The river and all its tributaries
were flooded during the spring, and a keel-boat
called the " Dandy" came up on the rise on the 22d
of May, with twenty-eight tons of salt and whiskey.
This flood is said by the sketch of 1857 and that of
Mr. Merrill of 1850 to have been the greatest ever
known in the river. It was probably equaled by
that of 1828 and 1847, and very closely approached
by that of February of this year C1883). The
State's revenue from Marion County in 1824 was
one hundred and fifty-four dollars and twenty-five
cents.
In anticipation of the meeting of the Legislature
the citizens formed a " mock" body in the fall of 1824
called the " Indianapolis Legislature," the members
of which assigned themselves to any counties they
chose, and discussed pretty much the same questions
as the real Legislature had discussed, or would when
it met. It elected its own Governor about as often as
it wanted to get a fresh message or inaugural, which
was sure to be a humorous affair, and its debates were
not unfrequently a good deal better than those of the
body it represented. The men who engaged in them
were sometimes ex-members, and occasionally actual
members of the real body, and the information and
arguments elicited in the sham debate more than
once decided the result of the real one. The meet-
ings were continued till about 1836. They were dis-
continued then for several years, but revived for a
while during the winter of 1842 or 1843 or there-
abouts. In November, Samuel Merrill, treasurer of
the State, arrived at the capital with several wagon-
loads of records and money, and thenceforward the
chosen capital was the real one.
During the preceding summer and fall a brick
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
house had been built for the residence of the treas-
urer, with a little brick office at the west side, on
the southwest corner of Washington and Tennessee
Streets, where the State buildings now are. Mr.
Merrill was the first occupant, keeping the place till
1834, when he gave way to the late Nathan B.
Palmer, who succeeded him in the treasurer s office
by election of the Legislature. He remained here,
however, and became one of the men who gave the
town its impulse to intellectual and moral as well as
material improvement.
Samuel Merrill was born in Peacham, Vt., Oct. 29,
1792. He died in Indianapolis, Aug. 24, 1855.
He entered an advanced class in Dartmouth College,
but did not graduate, for in his junior year he left
to join his elder brother, James, in teaching in York,
Pa. There he spent three years in teaching and
studying law, having for his familiar associates Thad-
deus Stevens, John Blanchard, and his elder brother,
James Merrill, all from Peacham, Vt., and all men
who have made their mark on their age. At the end
of this time he removed to Vevay, in this State, and
established himself in the practice of law. In 1821
he was elected to the Legislature for two years, and
during his term of office he was elected trea.surer of
State. In the discharge of the duties of this office
he removed first to Corydon, and thence in 1824 to
this place. He held the office of treasurer of State
till 1834, when he was chosen president of the State
Bank. The duties of this office he discharged with
the most unwearied fidelity and unimpeachable honesty
till 1S44, when his public life terminated, with the
exception of four years of service as the president of
the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad Company.
For several years before his death he was engaged
in the book trade, still continued by his son. His
daughter Kate until very recently was Professor of
English Literature in Butler University. Mr. Merrill
assisted in forming Henry Ward Beecher's church
here, and was all his life after most earnest and
devoted in all good works.
The following account of the journey of the capi-
tal from Corydon to Indianapolis, written by a mem-
ber of Mr. Merrill's family, is interesting, not only as
the first account of the migration ever published, but
as a very graphic description of the condition and
ways of life of the Indianians nearly .sixty years ago :
" The journey of about one hundred and sixty miles
occupied two weeks. The best day's travel was
eleven miles. One day the wagons accomplished
but two miles, passages through the woods having to
be cut on account of the impassable character of
the road. Four four-horse wagons and one or two
saddle-horses formed the means of conveyance for
two families, consisting of about a dozen persons,
and for a printing-press and the State treasury of
silver in strong wooden boxes. The gentlemen slept
in the wagons or on the ground to protect the silver,
the families found shelter at night in log cabins
which stood along the road at rare though not incon-
venient intervals. The country people were, many
of them, as rude as their dwellings, which usually
consisted of but one room, serving for all the pur-
poses of domestic life, — cooking, eating, sleeping,
spinning and weaving, and the entertainment of com-
pany. At one place a young man, who perhaps had
come miles to visit his sweetheart, sat up with her all
night on the only vacant space in the room, the hearth
of the big fireplace. He kept on his cap, which was
of coonskin, the tail hanging down behind, and gave
the children the impression that he was a bear."
At the time of the removal William Hendricks
was Governor, but was elected to the National Senate
that winter, and on Feb. 12, 1825, acting Lieutenant-
Governor Ray, who had been made president of the
Senate when Lieutenant-Governor Ruiliff Boone re-
tired, succeeded to the Governorship, and was regu-
larly elected the following August, and again in 1828.
The Secretary of State was Robert A. New, from
1816 to 1825, succeeded by W. W. Wick ; the audi-
tor, William H. Lilley, from 1816 to 1829, suc-
ceeded in 1829 by Morris Morris, who held till
1844; the treasurer, Samuel Merrill, from 1823 to
1834, succeeded by Nathan B. Palmer. The Legis-
lature, which met in January, took the court-house
before it was entirely finished, the House sitting in
the lower room, the Senate in the upper. The treas-
urer occupied the building especially erected for him,
and the other State officers went where they could.
For nearly thirty years after the erection of the
ORIGINAL ENTRIES OP LANDS IN THE COUNTY.
" Governor's house'' in the Circle in 1827, as before
noted, the Supreme judges had their " chambers"
there, and most or all of the State officers were there
for a time except the treasurer. His residence and
office were abandoned before the late war and rented.
It would be useless if it were possible to hunt out all
the rooms the State auditor and secretary occupied
up to the time they took permanent possession of the
building expressly erected for them in 1865, but it
may be noted that after the completion of Masonic
Hall, in 1850, they went there, and subsequently
moved into the " McOuat Block," on Kentucky
Avenue, where they remained till their final change.
The clerk of the Supreme Court previously had his
office in a little building in the Court-House Square,
and when that was torn down went to the State-
House. The reporter of the Supreme Court has
never had a public office, and the attorney-general
and superintendent of public instruction, after their
offices were created, found accommodations where
they chose till the " State Building" was erected and
enlarged. The State Library was kept in the "Gov-
ernor's house" for a time, in charge of the State offi-
cers there, but in IS-ll, John Cook, a bustling, " log-
rolling," pushing little fellow, recently from Ohio,
got himself made librariau, and the library was put
in the south rooms, west side, of the State-House.
Cook was succeeded in 1843, under a Democratic
Legislature, by Samuel P. Daniels, an old resident
and a tailor, and he by the late John B. Dillon, au-
thor of two " Histories of Indiana," and he, in 1850,
by Nathaniel Bolton, first editor of the town, as al-
ready related. The adjutant-general's office was
hardly a visible appendage to the commander-in-chief
of the State's army and navy till 1846, when the
Mexican war made it a place of large responsibility
and heavy duties, with Gen. David Reynolds as occu-
pant. During the late war it became again one of the
most important offices of the State, and was held by
Gen. Wallace, Gen. Noble, and Gen. Terrell. It has
never been reduced since to the unimportance of its
early existence, It and the State Library and the
State geologist's office are now in a building opposite
the east entrance of the new State-House. The library
is now, in addition to its proper use, a museum of
relics of the Mexican war and the civil war, while the
geologist's office is one of the finest museums of geo-
logical and paleontological specimens in the world.
On the 16th of November, 1824, John Douglass,
State printer at Corydon, who had come out with
Mr. Merrill, bought the interest of Harvey Gregg in
the Western Censor and Emigrant's Guide. On
the 11th of January, the day after the first meeting
of the Legislature, the paper appeared as the In-
diana Journal, a name it has retained through many
changes of ownership, with a reputation and influence
as unchanging as its name. Much of the early suc-
cess of the paper was due to Mr. Douglass.
The first period of the history of the city and
county — substantially identical — ends with the ar-
rival of the State capital. Of improvements, trade,
political movements, increase of population as accu-
curate a view has been presented as can be obtained
at this remote period, but a glance at the settlement
of the surrounding townships and at the county
business will make it more comprehensive and satis-
factory. Prom 1821, when the government lands in
the New Purchase were first opened to sale, till 1824
or the beginning of 1825, when the capital was fully
established here, the entries of land in the different
townships, as appears from the " Tract Book" in the
county auditor's office, were as appears in the follow-
ing list. It will be seen that the larger portion of
the entries of the first two years were in Centre and
the two lines of townships west and about it, the
eastern portion of the county attracting little immi-
gration till the central and western were pretty well
filled :
Centre Township outside the Citv.
Town 15 Norlh, Rang^ 3 Eaut.
Name and Date. Acres. ^j^^
Robert Harding and Isaac Wilson, July, 1821 258 3
Jesse McKay and Joseph Frazee. July, 1821 59 3
James Rariden, July, 1821 80 10
Eliakim Harding, July, 1S21 80 10
Eliakim Harding, July, 1821 80 10
Jonathan Lyons, July, 1821 80 10
Daniel Yandes, July, 1821 160 10
William Myers, July, 1821 80 10
James H. McClure, July, 1821 80 10
Daniel Yandes and Ephraim D. Reed, July, 1821. 95 11
William Sanders, July, 1821 160 13
Richard T. Keen, July, 1821 80 13
James H. McClure, July, 1821 80 13
60
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Name and Date. Acres.
David Wood, July, 1S21 100
John HiiDt, July, 1821 SO
John Smock, July, 1821 SO
Armstrong Brandon, July, 1821 80
James Pell, July, 1821 42
William A. Johnson, July, 1821 95
John Stephens, December, 1821 66
Alexander Ewing, July, 1821 63
William Wiles, July, 1821 74
James Pell, July, 1821 98
John Stephens, February, 1821 73
Michael Vanblaricum, July, 1821 SO
Joel Wright, July, 1821 80
Morris Morris, July, 1821...; 160
Jacob Ogle, August, 1.S21 80
Zadoc Smith, August, 1821 80
Laben Harding, July, 1S21 160
Cornelius Vanarsdal, July, 1821 104
Cornelius Vanarsdal, July, 1S21 80
Abraham Heaton. August, 1S21 71
Noah Sinks, October, 1823 54
John G. Brown, July, 1821 80
Alexander Ewing, July, 1S21 80
James Lewis, August, 1821 ... 60
John Stephens, December, 1821 73
Robert Brenton, July, 1821 100
Elial T. Foote, July, 1S21 68
George Vandegritf, July, 1821 SO
James T. Bradley, July, 1821 80
Henry Bradley, July, 1S21 SO
John Cutler, July, 1821 80
John Smock and John Cutler, July, 1821 80
Wickliff Kitchen, July,1821 160
John Smock, July, 1821 160
Town 15 iXorth, liamje 4 Eaut.
Mjcajah Ferguson, July, 1S21 48
Alexander Ewing, July, 1821 80
Micajah Ferguson, July, 1821 80
Isaac Kinder, July, 1821 160
James Linton, July, 1821 150
George Porter, July, 1821 153
John G. Brown, July, 1S21 160
John F. Ross. July, 1.821 77
Rezin Hammond, July, 1821 77
James, George, and Benjamin Barrett, July, 1S21 75
Joseph MeCormick and Noah Noble, July, 1821.. 75
James Givan, July, 1821 77
Cassa Ann Poguc, July, 1821 77
John Wilson, July, 1821 160
John Robinson and John D. Lutz, July, 1821 76
William Craig, July, 1821 76
John Wilson, July, 1821 80
Daniel Stephens, July, 1821 80
Rezin Hammond, July, 1S21 76
Abel Potter, July, 1821 76
Willis G. Atherton, July, 1S21 80
Wickliff Kitchell, July, 1821 80
Wickliff Kitchell, July, 1821 80
Robert Smith, July, 1821 -. 80
William McLaughlin, July, 1821 160
John Shafer, July, 1S21 80
Nathan Aldridge, August, 1821 80
Harvey Pope, July, 1821 160
Willis G. Atherton. July, 1821 160
tion.
13
Name and Date. Acres. ^j^^^
David Acre, February, 1823 80 9
Hervey Gregg, Janu.iry, 1823 80 9
Robert Weightman, November, 1822 SO 9
Jonathan Gillam, July. 1821 80 9
William McLaughlin, October, 1821 80 17
John Graham, August, 1821 80 17
John Graham, August, 182 1 80 17
S. G. Huntingdon, August, 1821 SO 17
William Sanders, July, 1822 SO 17
Maxwell Chambers, January, 1822 80 17
Jacob Mason, January, 1822 80 17
Obcd Foote, October, 1821 SO 17
Joseph Catterlin, July, 1821 SO 18
Archibald C. Reid, July, 1821 80 18
■John W. Redding, July, 1S21 155 18
David Mallery, Augu.'it, 1821 SO 18
Humphrey Griffith, August, 1821 80 18
James Curry, August, 1821 7S 18
James Curry, August, 1821 78 IS
Henry Bowser, August, 1821 160 19
Jacob Moyer, September, 1821 158 I'J
Henry Bowser. August, 1821 160 19
Henry Bowser, August, 1821 78 19
John Dickson, July, 1821 78 19
Otis Hobart, December, 1821 80 20
John Hobart, December, 1821 80 20
Hervey Bates, June, 1822 80 20
Hervey Bates, June, 1822 80 20
John Hobart, December, 1821 80 20
Joseph Greer, July, 1822 80 20
Isaac Liinpus, July, 1821 80 20
Robert McGill, July, 1822 SO 21
William Brindle, November, 1822 80 21
William Brindle, November, 1822 80 21
Jacob L. Doup. August, 1821 80 21
Joseph Scott, November, 1822 160 21
Samuel Dickson, October, 1S21 160 21
Town 16 North, Range 3 East.
Thomas Bishop, July, 1821 174 22
Francis Griffin, August, 1821 126 22
John Moler, July, 1S21 160 22
James Vanblaricum, July, 1821 60 22
John Burns, July, 1821 76 22
Noah Wright, July, 1821 160 23
William D. Booker, July, 1821 80 23
William Nugent, July, 1821 80 23
Levi AVright, July, 1821 160 23
Joseph Hanna, July, 1821 80 23
Abraham Barnett. July, 1821 80 23
John G. Brown, July, 1821 160 24
William Powers, July, 1821 80 24
Noah Wright, July, 1821 80 24
John Gallaher, July, 1821 160 24
David Huston, July, 1821 100 24
Isaac Kinder, July, 1821 80 25
John Sutherland, July, 1821 80 25
John Sulberland, July, 1S21 100 25
William Reagan, July, 1821 100 25
Thomas O'Neal, July, 1821 160 25
Robert Smitb, July, 1821 160 20
Josephs. Benson, July, 1821 80 26
William Nugent, July, 1821 80 26
John Wolfington, July, 1821 80 26
Richard Williams, July, 1821 80 26
ORIGINAL ENTRIES OF LANDS IN THE COUNTY.
61
Name and Date Acres.
Noah Flood, July, 1S21 80
James Raiiden, July, 1S21 SO
Francis Davis, July, 1821 80
James Mcllvain, July, 1821 80
James Mcllvain, July, 1821 65
Benjamin McCarty, July, 1821 79
Alexander Ewing, July, 1821 95
Samuel P. BooUer, July, I82I 160
Edward Carvin, July, 1821 143
Samuel Glass, July, 1821 160
Fielding Geter, July, 1821 95
Zenas Lake, July, 1821 83
Joseph S. Benham, July, 1821 78
Isaac Wilson. July, 1821 74
Jesse McKay and E. D. Reed, July, 1821 101
Jesse McKay and Jacob Collip, July, 1821 160
Cyrus C. Tivis, July, 1821 160
Robert Smith and H. Gregg, July, 1821 160
John Moler, July, 1821 SO
James Linton, July, 1821 SO
Jeremiah Johnston, July, 1S21 160
Samuel Henderson, July, 1821 160
Robert Culbertson, July, 1821 160
Jonathan Lyon, July, 1821 80
John Carr and Samuel P. Rooker, July, 1821 80
Town 16 North, Jiange 4 East.
Noah and Thomas G. Noble, July, 1821 160
Christopher Hager, July, 1821 76
Enoch Clark, July, 1821 76
Joseph Curry, July, 1821 160
Reason Reagan, July, 1821 151
Newton Claypool, August, 1821 160
Newton Claypool, August, 1821 160
Tobias Smith, August, 1821 160
Joseph Curry, July, 1821 160
James D. Conrey, October, 1823 80
John Chamberlin, June, 1822 160
William Mitchell, August, 1821 160
Benjamin Taffe, June, 1822 80
Tobias Smith, August, 1821 160
William Mitchell, August, 1821 80
Tobias Smith, August, 1821 80
Baiil Roberts, August, 1821 160
Tobias Smith, August, 1821 160
George Buckner, April, 1823 80
John Senour, October, 1823 80
Jiired Sayre, October, 1821 80
Newton Claypool, August, 1821 75
Isaac Kinder, July, 1821 75
David Bloyd, October, 1821 80
Jacob Bloyd,July, 1821 80
Jared Sayre, October, 1821 76
Jeremiah Johnson, Jr., July, IS2I 76
John Shafer, August, 1821 160
Stephen Bartholomew and Wm. Smith, July, 1821 15i
William McCleery, July, 1821 160
John Carr, July, 1821 79
Elial T. Foote, July, 1821 79
John Carr, July, 1821 SO
George Taffe, August, 1821 80
Vincent Rawlings, October, 1821 80
Lewis Robinson, October, 1821 80
Daniel Pattengill, July, 1821 160
Daniel Pattengill, July, 1821 160
78
160
160
Name and Date. Acres.
John F. Right, August, 1821 160
Levi Beebee, 1821 160
David Johnson, April, 1821 80
Isaac Cool, April, 1821 80
Decatck Township.
Town 14 North, Range 2 EohU
Ludwell Gains, August, 1824 77
Ludwell Gains, August, 1821 140
Ludwell Gains, August, 1821 SO
John Cook, June, 1824 160
John Kenworthy, July, 1824 SO
Joshua Compton, December, 1825 80
Reason Reagan, November, 1826 78
Jesse George, January, 1826 77
John Ballard, October, 1823 78
Thomas J. Matlock, July, 1821
Caleb Easterling, November, 1S22
Joseph Allen, February, 1824
Caleb Rhoads, November, 1822
Isaac George, December, 1823
Isaac George, November, 1823
Robert Furnas, January, 1826
Robert Furnas, January, 1826
Uriah Carson, June, 1826
Thomas Davis, January, 1825
Azel Dollarhide, July, 1821
Absalom Dollarhide, January, 1825
Aaron Coppock, August, 1S26
Aaron Coppock, February, 1826 ,
Zimri Brown, May, 1824
Zimri Brown, December, 1826
Abner Co.k, December, 1824
William Barnett, December, 1S25
Jesse Barnett, December, 1824
William Barnett, 1823
Thomas Barnett, 1823
James V. Barnett, 1823 8
Athanasius Barnett, 1823 8
James Haworth, November, 1824 8
James Haworth, November, 1824 8
James Haworth, October, 1826 8
James Ilorton, November, 1824 £
James Horton, November, 1824 S
Christopher Wilson, November, 1822 8
Christopher Wilson, November, 1822 S
Christopher Wilson, November, 1S22 16
Jonathan Clark, February, 1824 S
Joseph Jessup, December, 1823
Richard Mendenhall, October, 1823 160
Christopher AVilson, November, 1822 80
Christopher Wilson, December, 1824 SO
Christopher Wilson, December, 1824 SO
Gasper Koons, February, 1824 80
Joseph Mendenhall, October, 1823 160
Samuel Dodds, July, 1821 160
Samuel Dodds, July, 1821 80
Azel Dollarhide, July, 1821 80
John Dollarhide, July, 1821 80
John Dollarhide, November, 1828 80
Christopher Wilson, December, 1824 80
Town 15 North, Range 3 East.
Eli Sulgrove, August, 1821 430
Eli Sulgrove, October, 1822
80
160
206
62
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Name and Date. Acres.
Eli Sulgrove, August, 1821 3i
George Miller, July, 1821 160
Jesse Wright, July, 1821 160
Ludwell a. Gains, August, 1821 229
John Thompson, July, 1821 80
Demas L. McFarland, August, 1821 160
Demas L. McFarland, July, 1821 160
Aaron Wright, May, 1823 109
Levi Hoffman, August, 1821 llli
Cornelius Hoffman, August, 1821 112J
Levi Beebee, July, 1821 160
Seth Goodwin, July, 1821 80
Toion 14 Xorth, Runge 3 Easl.
Joseph Beeler, George H. Beeler, July, 1821 131
Samuel Winter, August, 1S21 49
Elijah Elliott, July, 1821 160
Azel Dollarhide, July, 1S21 107
Azel Dollarhide, July, 1821 107
Evan Dollarhide, August, 1821 74i
Zirnri Brown, November, 1822 40
Charles Beeler, March, 1824 47i
Charles Beeler, September, 1826 106
Seth Curtis, July, 1821 60
Seth Curtis, October, 1822 106
Seth Curtis, July, 1821 55i
Seth Curtis, October, 1822 67i
Seth Curtis, October, 1822 106i
Sibert Waugh, August, 1821 53
Levi Wooster, August, 1821 53
John Cox, December, 1823 66J
Martin D. Bush, June, 1821 240
Town 15 North, Range 2 Enel.
Cader Carter, June, 1823 80
John Rozier, October, 1824 80
Levi Hoffman, September, 1821 80
Christopher Ault, December, 1825 80
Adam Rozicr, December, 1825 80
John McCreery, April, 1824 SO
Parker Keeler, April, 1824 80
Joshua Compton, June, 1824 80
Peter Hoffman, December, 1825 80
Henry Ault, February, 1825 80
Charles Merritt, August, 1825 80
Charles Merritt, December, 1826 80
Charles Merritt, April, 1822 80
Peter Hoffman, December, 1825 80
John Kenworlhy, July, 1824 160
Caleb Cook, November, 1822 , 160
Jesse Hawkins, December, 1822 80
Reason Reagan, April, 1825 80
Wayne Township.
Town 15 Xorlh, Range 2 Easl.
Joseph Frazee, July, 1821 169
Nicholas Hendricks, October, 1821 85.5
James Parker, January, 1822 85.5
David Cassett, July, 1821 160
John Gallaher, July, 1821 160
James Parker, January, 1822 84
John M. Jamison, January, 1822 160
William Castolo, May, 1822 166
Samuel Castolo, May, 1822 80
William Gladden, December, 1821 165
Name and Date. Acres.
William Gladden, November, 1822 82
John Moore, February, 1824 82
Samuel Castolo, May, 1822 80
John Houghton, November, 1822 80
John Houghton, November, 1822 160
Reuben Houghton, November, 1822 160
Reuben Houghton, November, 1822 80
Sarah Barnhill, January, 1822 80
John Miller, October, 1820 80
Moses Silvery, September, 1822 80
John Fawcett. October, 1822 160
Joseph Scott, November, 1822 160
J. R.Crumbaugh, John Skinner, August, 1821.... 80
Franklin C. Averill, October, 1821 80
Jacob Railsback, July, 1821 160
Obadiah Harris, December, 1826 80
Joseph Scott, April, 1825 80
Joseph Scott, January, 1823 160
Joseph Scott, February, 1823 80
Joseph Scott, January, 1823 80
Robert Furnas, November, 1822 80
Robert Furnas, November, 1822 80
Caleb Easterling, November. 1822 SO
Isaac Furnas, November. 1822 160
John Furnas, November, 1822 160
John Porter, November, 1822 160
William McVey, December, 1825 SO
William McVey, September, 1829 SO
John Byrkett, December, 1826 SO
.Toseph Scott, January, 1823 80
James Rhoads, October, 1821 80
Joseph Scott, January, 1823 80
John Hendricks, March, 1823 SO
Andrew Hoover, May, 1823 80
James Rhoads, January, 1822 80
Andrew Hoover, December, 1825 80
Town 16 North, Range 2 Eatt.
Enoch D. Woodbridge, August, 1821 160
Jacob P. Andrew. December, 1825 80
Jacob P.Andrew, December, 1825 80
John M. Strong, August, 1821 160
John Adams, October, 1823 80
Enoch Railsback, December, 1825 SO
William Ivers, January, 1822 80
Robert Barnhill, July, 1821 160
Robert Barnhill, July, 1821 160
Robert Barnhill, July, 1821 160
George Avery, April, 1824 SO
John Fox, April, 1824 80
Enoch Railsback, December, 1825 80
Enoch Railsback, June, 1830 SO
Jesse Lane, December, 1822 80
Jesse Lane, July, 1821 160
Merrick Sayre, R. Armstrong, September, 1822... 80
James Logan, March, 1S24 80
John Stoops, August, 1821 80
Robert Stoops, August, 1821 SO
Isaac Pugh, August, 1821 80
William Criswell, August, 1821 80
John Hall, August, 1821 80
Stephen H. Robinson, August, 1821 80
Isaac Pugh, August, 1821 160
James Miller, July, 1821 160
Jacob Pugh, August, 1821 80
ORIGINAL ENTRIES OF LANDS IN THE COUNTY.
63
Name and Date. Acres.
Jacob Pugli, July, 1821 80
Jacob Pugh, July, 1S2I 160
Jacob Pugh, July, 1821 160
Robert Barnhill, July, 1S21 160
Robert Barnhill, July, 1821 160
Asa B. Strong, August, 1821 160
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, August, 1821 80
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, September, 1821 80
William Adams, June, 1824 80
James Adams, August, 1825 80
Joel Conroe, August, 1821 80
James L. Givan, December, 1821 80
Uriah Hultz, October, 1821 160
- Francis McClelland, July, 1821 160
Israel Phillips, October, 1821 160
Hans Murdough, October, 1822 80
Reuben Houghton, November, 1822 80
Adam Kemple, October, 1821 SO
Jacob Moyer, September, 1821 160
Francis McClelland, October, 1822 80
Bartis Boots, March, 1826 80
Aaron Masterton, June, 1825 80
Hans Murdough, October, 1822 80
Jacob Pugh, August, 1821 80
Martin Martindale, July, 1821 80
James Andrew, Jr., July, 1821 SO
James Andrew, Sr., July, 1821 80
George L. Kinnard, May, 1825 80
Archibald Boyle, January, 1825 80
Archibald Boyle, January, 1825 80
Hiram HornaJay, November, 1822 80
Martin Martindale, July, 1821 160
Martin Martindale, August, 1821 SO
Martin Martindale, September, 1822 80
Samuel Johnston, July, 1821 160
Lewis Smith, May, 1826 80
Martin Martindale, December, 1829 80
Town 15 North, Ranfje 3 Enxt.
Jesse McKay and Joseph Frazee, July, 1821 174
Jesse McKay and Joseph Frazee, July, 1821 177
Enoch Warman, July, 1821 160
Rezin Hammond, July, 1821 160
Joseph Hanna, July, 1821 87
John Holmes, July, 1821 87
Noah Noble, July, 1821 180
Israel Harding, July, 1821 160
Noah Noble and Enoch McCarty, July, 1821 160
Samuel Harding, July, 1821 180
Amos Higgins, July, 1821 107
Noah Noble and Enoch McCarty, July, 1821 80
John Holmes, July, 1821 80
John Holmes, July, 1821 55
Jesse Cole, July, 1821 160
Jesse Cole, July, 1821 160
Gilbert Fuller, July, 1821 104
James Oliver, July, 1821 160
Amos Higgins, July, 1821 160
Thomas Clarke, July, 1821 80
David Hardman, July, 1821 80
Frederick Waltz, July, 1821 160
Enoch AVarman, July, 1821 80
Obadiah Harris, 1821 SO
Obadiah Harris, July, 1821 80
Abel Potter, July, 1821 ." SO
Name and Date. Acres.
Jonathan Lyon, July, 1821 160
lehabod Corwin, July, 1821 160
Solomon Stewart, July, 1821 160
John Fox, October, 1822 80
Amos Higgins and James Burns, July, 1821 160
James W. Johnston, October, 1821 160
Hannah Skinner, July, 1821 80
Lawrence Miller, October, 1821 80
James W. Johnston, October, 1821 160
Samuel Covington, January, 182.S 51
George Bell, October, 1S21 51
Joshua Glover, October, 1S21 103
Daniel Closser, October, 1823 80
Jesse Jackson, November, 1821 80
John Byrkett, December, 1825 104
Daniel Closser, July, 1821 80
Daniel Closser, September, 1821 80
Daniel Closser, February, 1823 53
John Hendricks, March, 1823 53
Andrew Hoover, July, 1821 80
John Miller, July, 1821 80
John Miller, July, 1821 80
John Miller, August, 1821 80
William McClary, July, 1821 160
Abraham Miller, July, 1821 160
Levi Beebee, July, 1821 160
Noah Wright, July, 1821 160
Levi Beebee, July, 1821 160
Luke Bryan, April, 1824 SO
Daniel Closser, February, 1S24 80
Town 16 North, Ranye 3 East.
Isaac Kelly, August, 1821 80
John Fox, July, 1821 160
William Wolverton, April, 1822 80
Frederick Hartman, July, 1821 80
Isaac Kelly, August, 1821 80
John C. Lane, August, 1S21 80
William D. Jones, August, 1821 80
William McCaw, August, 1821 160
John Carr, July, 1821 77
John Carr, July, 1821 66
John Carr, July, 1821 3
Archibald C. Keed, July, 1821 160
Jonathan Lyon, July, 1821 142
Elial T. Foote, July, 1821 6
Jonathan Lyon, July, 1821 160
Samuel Hoover, July,182I 80
Abraham Coble, Jr, July, 1821 80
Jonas Hoover, October, 1823 80
Benjamin McCarty .and James Wiley, July, 1821.. 160
William Walker, July, 1821 80
John Senours, October, 1823 SO
Levi Beebee, July, 1821 160
John Biggs, August, 1821 55
Martin Martindale, August, 1821 55
Benjamin McCarty, Sr., July, 1821 160
Dempsey Reeves, July, 1S21 54
Samuel Johnston, July, 1 821 54
Joseph Hanna, July, 1821 80
David Stoops, July, 1821 80
David Stoops, July, 1821 SO
William Stoops, August, 1823 80
George H. and Joseph Beeler, July, 1821 160
Thomas G. Noble, July, 1821 160
i>4
HISTOEY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Acre
Name «nd Date.
Elial T. Foote, July, 1821 43
Jonathan Lyon and Thomas Anderson, July, 1821 95
John AVolf, July. 1S2I SO
Joseph S. Benham, July, 1821 80
Jesse McKay and Jarret Van Blaricum, July, 1821 160
Pike Township.
Town 16 North, Range 2 East.
Seth Rhodabaugh, June, 182.3 80
David McCurdy, September, 1822 75
Isaac Pugh, August. 1821 75
David McCurdy, September, 1821 160
Isaac Pugh, August, 1821 75
George Muse
Abraham McCorkle, May, 1825 SO
Abraham McCorkle, May, 1825 .,... SO
Sarah Barnhill, April, 182.3 80
Jacob Whitinger, June, 1823 80
Thomas Jones, April, 1823 80
John Jones, December, 1822 80
Anthony Swaim, March, 1824 160
David McCurdy, December, 1825 80
David McCurdy, September, 1821... 160
David McCurdy, September, 1824 80
David McCurdy, March, 1822 160
Aaron Gullifcr, November, 1822 SO
Aaron Gullifer, February, 1824 SO
Valentine Kinoyer, December, 1825 80
David Fo.'j, October, 1823 80
Thomas Burns, October, 1S21 80
David McCurdy, September, 1821 'lOO
Thomas Burns, October, 182 1 80
Thomas Burns, October, 1821 80
Thomas Burns, August, 1821 ;. 80
Toxon 16 North, Range 3 East.
John Fo.\-, April, 1824 80
Amos Robertson, July, 1821 " 150
Seth Rhodabaugh, December, 1825 52
Aaron Gullifer, June, 1823 56
William AV. Wilson, March, 1823 112
Joseph Staten, January, 1823 SO
Joseph S. Benham, July, 1821 160
Joseph S. Benham, July, 1821 80
John Fisher, July, 1S21 160
John Fisher, July, 1821 160
Martin Davinport, February, 1825 30
Martin Davinport, February, 1825 56
7*01011 17 North, Range 2 East.
James Harman, October, 1823 80
Chesley Wray, September, 1822 80
John B. Harmon, November, 1S22 160
David McCurdy, April, 1823 SO
Elijah Fox, September, 1822 80
Henry Jackson, August, 1825 80
David McCurdy, September, 1822 160
David McCurdy, September, 1822 80
David McCurdy, September, 1822 SO
David McCurdy, September, 1822 160
James Duncan, December, 1823 80
Alexus Jackson, September, 1822 SO
William Conner, September, 1S22 80
John Duncan, December, 1S23 80
John Railsback, September, 1822 160
Name and Date. Acres.
John Railsback, September, 1822 80
David Wilson, December, 1825 SO
Robert Rhea, September, 1822 80
Washington Township.
Toxon 16 NortJi, Range 3 East.
Jesse McKay and Jacob Collip, July, 1821 160
Jesse McKay and Jacob Collip, July, 1821 160
Andrew Jones, July. 1821 150
Andrew Jones, July, 1821 160
John Pugh, July, 1821 59
Alexander Pugh, August, 1S21 120
Alexander Pugh, August, 1821 76
Joseph Swett, June, 1823 76
Samuel Stephens, April, 1823. 76
Isaac Stephens, April, 1823
Andrew Jones, July, 1821 160
Jacob Miers, October, 1823 155
John Fo.\, October, 1822 80
Jeremiah Roberts, November, 1822 80
Nimrod Ferguson, December, 1823 80
John T. Ba.sye, February, 1824 80
John Fox, October, 1822 SO
Eli Wright, November, 1.S23 80
John Roberts, Jr., November, 1822 80
Jeremiah and Edward Roberts, November, 1822.. 80
Xoah Leaverton, July, 1821 71
Edward Roberts, November, 1822 80
Joseph ."^wett, June, 1823 6
John Pugh, July, 1821 77
Lismund Basye, October, 1821 55
Andrew Jones, October, 1821 61
Andrew Jones, July, 1821 94
David Huston, July, 1821 160
William Jones, July, 1821 SO
j David Huston, July, 1821 80
i Jesse McKay and Jacob Collip, July, 1821 160
' Henry Hardin, July, 1821 60
1 Jacob Wright, July, 1S21 SO
1- William Hardin, July, 1821 160
I William Sanders, July, 1821 80
i Daniel Aiken, July, 1821 80
j Daniel McDonald, July, 1821 160
Simeon Slawson, July, 1S21 160
I Rezin Hammond, July, 1821 160
Rezin Hammond, July, 1821 80
Isaac Stipp, July, 1821 SO
James Givan, July, 1821 l60
William Appleton, July, 1821 70
Thomas McOuat, October, 1821 78
Jonas Hoover, July, 1821 80
Sylvanus Halsey, July, 1821 80
Thomas McOuat, October, 1821 SO
William Sanders, July, 1821 80
William Sanders, July, 1821 89
Jacob Whitinger, July, 1821 60
Jacob Whitinger, July, 1821 73
Samuel McCormick, April, 1823 78
AViUiam Sanders, July, 1821 89
Joseph S. Benham, July, 1821 74
Ephraim D. Reed, July, 1821 67
William C. Vanblaricum, July, 1821 59
Tnnin 16 North, Range i East.
James Griswold, December, 1825 63
Philip Ray, July, 1821 160
ORIGINAL ENTRIES OF LANDS IN THE COUNTY.
65
Name and DatB. Acres. ,^=-
Philip Ray, July, 1S21 SO 4
James Ellis, November, 1S24 80 i
William Tucker, July, 1821 138 5
Enoeli Clark, Xovember, 1S21 68 5
Elijah Fox, July, 1821 68 5
John Jarrett, August, 1821 160 5
Nicholas Criss, October, 1823 80 5
William Bacon, July, 1821 80 5
Elijah Fox, July, 1821 68 6
Hezekiah Smith, July, 1821 68 6
Jonas Huffman, July, 1821 128 6
William Bacon, July, 1821 80 6
Robert Dickerson, March, 1822 80 6
Moses Huffman, March, 1822 75 6
William Rector. July, 1821 T5 6
William Bacon, July, 1821 80 7
Lewis Nichols, October, 1821 80 7
Robert Smith, October, 1821 75 7
Christian Hager, July, 1821 75 7
William Hardin, July, 1821 80 7
William McCleery, July, 1821 80 7
William McCIeery, July, 1821 150 7
Abraham Epler, July, 1821 160 8
James Williams, July, 1821 80 8
Richard Williams, July, 1821 80 8
John McClung, July, 1821 160 8
John Hendricks, July, 1821 160 8
James Templer, August, 1821 80 9
Enoch Clark, July, 1821 SO 9
Christian Hager, July, 1821 160 9
John Whittaker, October, 1821 160 9
Jonas Huffman, July, 1821 160 9
Daniel Rumple, May, 1822 80 17
Joseph Bartholomew and Rezin Hammond, July,
1821 80 17
Joseph Bartholomew and Rezin Hammond, .July,
1821 160 17
Joseph Bartholomew and Rezin Hammond, July,
1821 80 17
Joseph Bartholomew and Rezin Hammond, July,
1821 80 17
William D. Rooker, July, 1821 80 17
Henry Hardin, July, 1821 160 IS
William Hardin, July, 1821 75 18
William D. Rooker, July, 1821 75 18
Samuel Glass, July, 1821 160 18
Jeremiah Johnson, July, 1821 76 18
Rezin Hammond, July, 1821 76 18
Toion 17 Jforth, Range 3 Fast.
John Vincent, September, 1822 80 13
Thomas Todd, October, 1S24 80 13
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1823 80 23
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 80 24
Abraham Bowen, September, 1822 SO 24
J.acob Whitinger, September, 1822 80 24
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 SO 24
William Hob.son, September, 1822 SO 24
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 81 25
Levi Wright, September, 1822 55 25
Levi Wright, September, 1822 77 25
Levi Wright, September, 1822 62 25
Samuel Ray, November, 1822 67 25
James Bonnell, September, 1822 147 25
James Bonnell, August, 1823 SO 26
5
Name and Date. Acres.
John Roberts, November, 1822 160
Joseph Gladden, September, 1822 109
Thomas Ellis, February, 1824 86
Samuel and Jeremiah Johnson, April, 1823 50
Elijah Dawson, November, 1822 106
James Young, September, 1822 139
James Young, September, 1822 63
Charles Rector, March, 1825 45
Jonas Huffman, September, 1822 60
Jesse McKay and John Collip, September, 1822... 88
Jesse McKay and John Collip, September, 1822... 59
Town 17 North, Range 4 East.
Morgan Parr, November, 1822 80
George Midsker, December, 1823 80
Thomas Reagan,.September, 1822 19
William Sanders, September, 1822 127
George Midsker, December, 1823 140
Eliakim Harding, September, 1822 160
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 160
Joseph Coats, December, 1822 SO
Lewis Huffman, September, 1822 80
John Vincent, September, 1822 80
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 147
Jacob AVhitinger, September, 1822 161
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 141
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 160
Thomas Reagan, September, 1822 Ill
Thomas Reagan, September, 1822 117
Thomas Reagan, September, 1822 160
Thomas Reagan, September, 1822 160
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 26
William Sanders, September, 1822 26
Joseph Coats, October, 1823 80
Joseph Coiits, September, 1822 160
William Wilkinson, November, 1823 80
Michael West, October, 1822 80
Silas Moppit, November, 1823 80
Jacob Burkitt, September, 1822 80
William Coats, November, 1822 80
Thomas Brunson, December, 1825 80
James Tarr, September, 1822 80
Fielding Jeter, September, 1822 137
Jacob Whitinger, September, 1822 119
John G. Mcllvain, July, 1824 80
John 6. Mcllvain, March, 1824 40
James McNutt, October, 1S22 77
Levi Wright, September, 1822 83
Levi Wright, September, 1822 80
Charles Daily, September, 1822 80
Charles Daily, September, 1822 80
Eliakim Harding, September, 1822 80
Hiram Bacon, September, 1822 160
Jonath.an Hawkins, September, 1822 160
Aaron Carter, September, 1822 160
William Bacon, November, 1822 80
Harlan Carter, September, 1822 160
William Bacon, November, 1822 160
Lavtrence Township.
Town 16 North, Range 4 Eait.
Hugh Beard, November, 1822 74
John Johnson, July, 1825 71
John Johnson, July, 1824 74
Samuel Marrow, August, 1824 71
66
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Niime and Date. Acres.
WilMam Hardin, July, 1821 142
William Hardin, July, 1821 141
Ephraim Morrison, August, 1824 70
Robert McClaine, September, 1S21 70
Peter Casteter, October, IS21 69
William McCIaren, Jr., April, 1S24 69
David Sheets, March, 1824 SO
Daniel Ballinger, October, 1823 80
Daniel Ballinger, October, 1823 80
Philip Rny, July, 1821 80
Adam Eller, August, 1824 80
Leonard Eller, April, 1825 80
James Templer, August, 1821 SO
David Jamison, Jr., June, 1S24 160
William D. Rooker, April, 1823 160
John North, September, 1823 80
John North, September, 1823 160
Leonard Eller, April, 1825 80
Joseph Eller, March, 1824 80
John Eller, March, 1824 SO
Robert Kelley, December, 1822 80
Town 17 Xorlh, linnije 4 Eail.
Gilbert A. Cheney, March, 1825 40
Jesse Enlow, October, 1822 160
Joshua Reddick, December, 1825 80
Robert Warren, October, 1824 80
Town 17 North, Ranije 5 Eaal.
John and Daniel Runs, February, 1824 80
James Wilson, December, 1825 160
Christian Beaver, October, 1824 80
Daniel Rumpal, October, 1824 80
Christian Beaver, October, 1824 80
Daniel Rumple, October, 1824 80
Jesse Enlow, October, 1822 160
Warrex Township.
Town 15 Xorlh, Range 4 £o«t.
Joseph Charles, November, 1822 80
Samuel Ferguson, January, 1825 SO
David E. Wade, March, 1824 SO
William Ferguson, February, 1825 64
Asa Grewell, December, 1823 80
William Riley, December, 1825 80
Jacob W. Fisher, October, 1822 160
William Clemens, August, 1S21 136
William Clemens, August, 1S21 70
Michael and Zinna Skinner, August, 1821 70
Jacob Sowduski, January, 1822 160
Jacob Sowduski, January, 1822 80
John Wilson, October, 1821 SO
Joshua Stephens, October, 1824 SO
Benjamin Atherton, December, 1823 SO
Edward Heizer, August, 1823 80
Edward White, December, 1823 SO
John Hall, October, 1821 160
William J. Morrison, December, IS25 80
Andrew Morehouse, August, 1823 160
Jacob Sowdusky, August, 1824 80
David Buckhannon, February, 1824 80
Joel Blaeklidge, October, 1823 80
Ambrose Shirley, November, 1S22 80
Edward Morin, December, 1825 SO
William Morin, December, 1825 SO
Name and Date. Acres.
William S. Whitaker, October, 1824 80
John Grewel, December, 1823 80
Samuel Ferguson, January, 1825 80
Henry Brady, December, 1S23 SO
Benjamin Atherton, December, 1823 80
Jacob Blaeklidge, October, 1823 80
Andrew Morehouse, March, 1824 80
Jacob Sowduski, August, 1S24 80
Robert Brown, February, 1824 SO
John W. Redding, January, 1823 160
Levi Becbee, July, 1821 160
James Doylo, March, 1822 180
James Doyle, January, 1822 160
Jacob Daringer, November, 1823 160
David Buckhannon, February, 1824 80
Archibald C. Reed, August, 1824 80
Town 15 North, Range 5 East.
Lorenzo Dow, May, 1S26 56
William Sanders, December, 1S25 80
Samuel Fullen, October, 1825 80
Luke Bryan, December, 1825 56
Luke Bryan, December, 1825 55
Luke Bryan, December, 1825 55
Calvin Fletcher, James Rariden, November, 1826.. 80
Cornelius Williams, December, 1825 SO
James Holliday, April, 1822 160
Stephen Brown, November, 1826 112
Joseph Bray, December, 1825 SO
Cornelius Williams, December, 1825 80
Stephen Brown, November, 1826 160
Stephen Brown, November, 1826 113
Stephen Brown, November, 1826 87
Stephen Brown, November, 1826 160
Willoughby Conner, September, 1826 43
Joseph Charles, November, 1822 43
Daniel Yandes, November, 1824 63
Demas L. McFarland, December, 1825 80
James Harris, November, 1824 SO
Polly Holliday, January, 1823 80
James Holliday, April, 1S22 80
Jacob Blaeklidge, November, 1823 160
Samuel Ferguson and John Pogue, January, 1825 80
John Ketley, December, 1825 80
Benjamin Sailor, March, 1823 80
Bishop k Stevens, January, 1825 SO
Benjamin Sailor, March, 1823 80
Benjamin Sailor, April, 1S23 SO
Samuel Beeler, August, 1823 80
Nathan Harlan, October, 1823 80
Town 16 North, Range 4 EiikI.
Robert Kelley, December, 1S25 SO
Jacob Mason, August, 1822 80
William Vanlaningham, March, 1822 SO
Harris Tyner, January, 1823 80
David Shields, December, 1821 160
Thomas Askren, September, 1825 IfiO
Razain Hawkins, August, 1825 80
Razain Hawkins, .-iugust, 1825 SO
Fraxklix Towxship.
Town 14 North, Range 4 East.
Nehemiah Smith, December, 1825 SO
Abraham Lemasters, February, 1825 80
tion.
12
ORIGINAL ENTRIES OP LANDS IN THE COUNTY.
67
Name and Date. Acres.
Luke Bryan, December, 1825 80
Luke Bryan, April, 1825 SO
Luke Bryan, April, 1S25 SO
Town 14 North, Banr/e 5 East.
Jeremiah Bernight, February, 1823 78
Moses Huffman, March, 1S22 78
William Rector, January, 1822 78
John Dawson, January, 1823 80
Benjamin Rector, March, 1825 SO
Powlcr Hibs, December, 1825 SO
Hugh Beard, December, 1825 80
John Dawson, January, 1823 160
Peter Mann, October, 1822 80
William Rector, January, 1822 SO
Jacob W. Fisher, October, 1822 160
Andrew O.Porter, October, 1821 160
Peter Carberry, July, 1822 80
John Dawson, January, 1823 160
Jacob Smock, December, 1824 40
William Morris, December, 1S24 40
Town 15 North, Range 4 East.
Robert McCather and Isaac Erazleton, December,
1825 80
Stephen Yager, December, 1825 80
George Smith, April, 1825 80
William Townsend, December, 1825 160
Toicn 15 North, Range 5 East.
John Patterson, November, 1821 80
John Patterson, November, 1821 80
Josiah Bisbee, July, 1821 80
Charles W. Wilson, August, 1821 80
Michael Cloyd, August, 1821 80
Isaiah Bisbee, July, 1S21 SO
Michael Cloyd, August, 1821 80
Reuben Adams, October, 1824 160
Reuben Adams, February, 1S25 80
Charles W. Wilson, August, 1821 160
William Griffith, October, 1S24 160
Perby Township.
Town 14 North, Range 3 East.
Henry D. Bell, October, 1821 154
Isaac Kelly, August, 1821 152
Peyton Bristow, May, 1S23 80
Henry Riddle, September, 1824 80
Henry Riddle, September, 1822 80
Elijah T. Foote, July, 1821 75
Elijah T. Foote, July, 1821 75
Peyton Bristow, May, 1823 80
Peyton Bristow, August, 1821 160
John Johnston, July, 1821 74
Philip W. Sparger, October, 1821 80
John Bowen, December, 1821 80
John Watts, October, 1821 80
David C. Cassett, July, 1821 80
Rudy Daily, March, 1823 69
Rudy Daily, March, 1823 85
Elijah Elliott, July, 1821 88
Martin D. Bush, July, 1S2I 80
James Martin, July, 1823 80
Richard Watts, July, 1821 160
Name and Date. Acrea.
Henry Myers, August, 1821.... 80
Denipsey Overman, July, 1S21 160
John Watts, July, 1821 160
Henry Alcorn, July, 1821 80
Henry Alcorn, July, 1821 80
Martin Riley, July, 1821 So
James Burns, July, 1821 80
David Marrs, October, 1821 80
Cline Roland, December, 1825 80
Dempsey Overman, July, 1821 SO
Jacob Pence, August, 1822 80
James Cully, July, 1S21 SO
James Cully, July, 1821 80
Thomas Shelton, December, 1825 SO
David Marrs, October, 1821 160
Robert Murpby, April, 1825 80
Jacob Pence, August, 1822 80
Samuel True, December, 1825 80
Samuel Dabney, December, 1823 80
Samuel Dabney, September, 1825 SO
Richard Good, February, 1S25 SO
Jacob Fullenweider, December, 1825 80
Henry Alcorn, March, 1831 SO
Samuel Dabney, December, 1825 80
Moses F. Glenn, May, 1822 80
George Vandegriff, July, 1821 80
William McBride, July, 1825 80
Joseph Smith, December, 1822 160
Anthony W. Bowen, December, 1821 80
Henry Hardin, May, 1822 160
Robert Hunt, July, 1821 80
Robert Hunt, July, 1821 160
Hezekiah Smart, August, 1.S22 160
Hezekiah Smart, December, 1823 80
Town 14 North, Range 4 East.
Robert White, December, 1824 73
Thomas Carle, September, 1S25 73
Thomas Bryant, April, 1325 147
Mary Aldridge, February, 1825 80
Jacob Turner, September, 1S25 SO
Jacob Turner and Thos. Bryant, December, 1S25. SO
Peter Demott, November, 1826 147
Isaac Helms, October, 1824 71
Baker F. Ewing, March, 1825 79
John Danner, June, 1S23 79
Francis Vorie, December, 1825 158
JacobSmock, May, 1S22 80
Samuel Brewer, October, 1823 80
Luke Bryan, December, 1825 160
Luke Bryan, December, 1825 SO
Abraham Lemasters, December, 1825 80
Gerrardus R. Bobbins, November, 1822 160
Jacob Smock, M.iy, 1822 SO
Samuel Smock, November, 1826 80
Nehemiah Smith, December, 1825 80
William McClain, December, 1825 80
Robert Brenton, August, 1822 160
Cornelius Demott, May, 1822 160
Randal Litsey, October, 1822 160
Randal Litsey, October, 1822 160
William Sanders, August, 1825 SO
William Sanders, December, 1825 80
David Brewer, December 1S24 80
Daniel A. Brewer, December, 1824 160
68
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Town 15 North. Range 3 East.
Name and Date. Acres.
Simeon Smock, October, 1S21 160
John McFall, August, 1821 160
Lewis Nichols, October, 1821 80
Peter Demott, October, 1821 80
Peter Demott, October, 1S21 80
Henry Brenton, August, 1821 80
George Marquis, November, 1824 80
John Shaffer, August,1821 80
Lewis Davis, August, 1821 160
James Andrew, Jr., July, 1821 SO
Isaac Senseney, August, 1821 80
Abraham Lemasters, July, 1821 80
Joseph S. Benham, July, 1821 80
Lewis Davis, August, 1821 80
William Vandegriff, July, 1821 30
William Sanders, July, 1821 160
William Sanders, June, 1822 43
Richard Vest, November, 1821 70
Samuel Whitcher, April, 1822 139
Emanuel Glympse, March, 1823 80
William Myers, July, 1821 160
William Sanders, January, 1823 80
John D. Lutz, August, 1821 80
William Townsend, July, 1821 160
George Norwood, July, 1821 160
Abraham Lemasters, July, 1821 160
Amos Cook, July, 1821 160
Henry Ballinger, July, 1821 160
John Smock, July, 1821 160
Henry Brenton, August, 1821 80
David Marrs, October, 1821 80
John Poole, July, 1821 160
Town 15 North, Range i East.
Williams. Hughey, April, 1825 80
Nathan AUdridge, November, 1823 80
Susannah, Jacob, and Azariah Mosly, February,
1823 SO
James Thompson, June, 1824 160
William Arnold, August, 1824 160
James McLaughlin. July, 1823 80
Sarah Jane Smith, December, 1825 160
Lawrence Demott, October, 1821 157
Henry Comingore, November, 1822 156
John Smock, August, 1821 80
Richard Corwine, July, 182] 15T
John Smock, July, 1821 160
Stephen Miller, January, 1822 159
S. G. Huntington, August, 1821 80
S. S. Huntington, August, 1821 80
John Smock, August, 1821 80
Milton White, October, 1824 80
Milton White, September, 1824 80
Jacob Coffman, August, 1821 160
Benjamin L. Crothers, August, 1821 160
George Petro, August, 1821 80
tion.
25
25
CHAPTER IV.
Social Condition of the Early Settlers — Amusements — Religious
Worship — Music — General Description of Pioneer Life in
Marion County — Diseases once Prevalent — Causes of Dimin-
ution.
Thus far this history has followed as closely as any
record, or accurate memory, or other authentic ac-
count would permit, the course of events in the first
settlement and growth of the town and county up
to the opening of the year 1825, occasionally pausing
to group about some conspicuous locality or occur-
rence such incidents of the later history as closely
connected themselves with it, and presented at a
single view a summary of the subject, which would
be less intelligible if broken up by scattering the
points about in chronological order. Brief biograph-
ical references also have been introduced with the
first appearance of citizens who were then or sub-
sequently became conspicuous for services to the
community. But there is a good deal more of the
history of any State or town than appears in its
public records and the accounts of its material growth
and development. How the people lived, worked, and
amused themselves is quite as much to the purpose
of a faithful chronicle as the building of mills, open-
ing streets, and holding courts. For the first two dec-
ades of the existence of the town and the settlement
about it the social conditions were so little changed
that an account of any part of that period will be no
misfit for any other part. The changes towards x;ity
development and conditions were not distinctly shown
till the impulse of improvement that ran a little
ahead of the first railway began to operate. There-
fore the incidents, anecdotes, and descriptions in this
division of the work are used as illustrative of a
period of substantially unchanging conditions, and
not of any particular year or condition. They are
substantially true of any year for two decades or
thereabouts.
For the first few years the relations of the settlers
and Indians were occasional points of interest or
alarm. One or two incidents will show that the
New Purchase was not difi"erent in its chances of
Indian trouble from settlements beyond the Missis-
SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.
69
sippi twenty years ago, and beyond the Rocky Moun-
tains now. Mr. Nowland describes one of these '
incidents : " John McCormick kept the first tavern
or place of entertainment in the place, and provided
for the commissioners a portion of the time when
they were here for the purpose of locating the
capital. His house stood on the east or left bank
of the river, a few steps below where the National
road now crosses it. One bright sunny morning
about the middle of March my father and I took
a walk to the river. When within about fifty yards
of the cabin of Mr. McCormick we heard cries of
' Help ! Murder !' coming from the house. We ran,
and by the time we got there several men had
arrived. A well-known and desperate Delaware,
called ' Big Bottle,' from the fact that he generally
carried a large bottle hung to his belt, had come to
the opposite side of the river and commanded Mrs.
McCormick to bring the canoe over for him. This
she refused to do, knowing that he wanted whiskey,
and when drinking was a dangerous Indian. He
set his gun against a tree, plunged into the river,
and swam over, and when we reached the house was
ascending the bank, tomahawk in hand, preparatory
to cutting his way through the door, which Mrs.
McCormick had barricaded. At the sight of the
men he desisted, and said he only wished to ' scare
white squaw.' He was taken back to his own side
of the river in a canoe, and admonished that if he
attempted to scare the ' white squaw' again her hus-
band would kill him. This rather irritated him.
He flourished his scalping-knife towards her, and
intimated by signs from her head to his belt that he
would take her scalp."
Not far from the time of this pleasing incident of
aboriginal amiability another of a more serious char-
acter occurred, illustrating the inevitable proclivity
of whites to cheat Indians, and the very probable
efi'ect of the cheat when discovered. Mr. Now-
land is authority for the story. " Robert Wilmot,
the second merchant (Daniel Shaffer was a little
earlier), had a small stock of Indian trinkets, and
for a short time carried on trade with the Indians,
but a little occurrence frightened him, and he soon
returned to Georgetown, Ky., his former residence.
A Delaware Indian named Jim Lewis had pledged
some silver hat-bands (there is something to open
the eyes of the ' dudes' of 1883 [) to Wilmot for
goods, and was to return in two moons to redeem
them. He kept his word, but when he came back
Wilmot had sold the bands to another Indian, which
so exasperated Lewis that he threatened if he ever
caught Wilmot going alone to his corn-field he would
take his scalp. This frightened him so much that
he never would go alone, but often requested and
was accompanied by Dr. Livingston Dunlap. His
alarm grew so serious finally that he sold out and
returned to Kentucky. As it was pretty generally
known that Lewis was the murderer of the white
man found near the Blufis, on an island of the river,
this threat against Wilmot had a tendency to alarm
and put on their guard other settlers."
The Indians had been greatly irritated by the
intrusion of the whites into their favorite hunting-
ground, and occasional manifestations of enmity were
to have been and were expected ; still, the relations
of the races were not always those of ill-will and ill-
service. The late James Sulgrove, who came to the
settlement in 1823, and at his death in 1875 was
the oldest business man in the city continuously in
the same business, used to tell a little incident of the
good feeling of the Indians that may go to set ofi'
the less pleasant ones. His father, while riding
through the dense woods where West Indianapolis
now stands, with a child before him, saw an Indian
following at a rapid pace, as if to overtake him.
Feeling a little alarmed, he hurried his horse ahead,
but saw that the Indian hurried too. Knowing the
impossibility of escaping by speed in the deep, miry
mud of the river bottom with the child to take care
of, he slackened his pace and let the native come up.
As he approached he held out a child's shoe in his
hand, which had dropped from the foot of the little
fellow on the horse, and been picked up by the
Indian, who had followed pertinaciously through the
mud to return it. Trivial as such an afi'air is, it is
worth noting as an evidence that the Indians then,
i as now and always, treat the whites in much the
' same way the whites treat them. If there is no
special cause of dislike or hostility, the Indians are
70
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
as well disposed to be kindly and hospitable as other
men. If they are swindled and abused they can
hardly be more vindictive, if we may trust the early
reports of revengeful white murders.
Of the homes and modes of life of the early set-
tlers some little suggestion has been made in occa-
sional allusions, but a better idea is given in Mr. Now-
land's account of the way his father's family settled
themselves here in the fall of 1820 on their arrival.
He says that a Quaker from Wayne County by the
name of Townsend, the same who afterwards joined
in putting in operation the first wool-carding machine
here, had come out to the settlement and built a
cabin and covered it, but had left the sawing out of
the necessary openings to a more convenient season
and returned to the White Water. Mr. Nowland's
father took possession, by the advice of a friend, but,
for fear of cutting openings for doors, windows, and
a chimney in the wrong place, decided to cut none at
all, and made an entrance by the novel process of
prying up two corners of the house and taking out
the third log from the bottom. A few clapboards
taken from the middle of the roof let the smoke out,
and the whole aifair was about as comfortable as a
wigwam. The fire was built on the ground, which
was the floor, and rag carpets wore hung round the
walls to exclude the wind, against which there was
no provision of " chinking and daubing." The
neighbors, in the generous fashion of the backwoods,
all assisted readily in anything that required their
help, and a cabin of their own was soon provided for
the family. There may possibly be in the city yet
one of these primeval cabins weather-boarded over,
as a good many were, and made most excellent resi-
dences too, as handsome as a frame and as solid as
a brick ; but the unhewed cabin, unfaced and left in
its native roughness, probably disappeared with the
burning of a double log house on the bank of Pogue's
Run, near Mississippi Street, some years before the
war. The double cabin was the palatial structure
of the early settlements of the New Purchase. A
two-story, hewed-log house was sometimes built, but
it was as phenomenal as Vanderbilt's marvelous
home. There was one on Maryland Street, south
side, west of Meridian, near the present east end of
the Grand Hotel, that was occupied by a family
named Goudy for a time, and afterwards by some
of the hands employed on the National road in 1837
or 1838 or thereabouts. It may have been the first
house used by the Methodists as a place of worship
in 1825, for they did use a hewed-log house on
Maryland Street, near Meridian. It disappeared
forty years ago. One-story houses frequently made a
sort of second story of the garret by a ceiling of
loose plank or puncheons and a ladder, and this
was sometimes the children's room and sometimes a
guest's room. Doors were usually battened, swung
on large wooden hinges, and fastened with a wooden
latch, lifted from the outside by a string fastened to
it and passing through a hole in the door above.
The hospitable assurance of a backwoodsman that his
"latch-string was always out" can be readily appre-
ciated with this explanation. It meant that his
house could be entered at any time by anybody. If
the latch-string were drawn in through the hole a
person outside would have no chance to get in. A
close-jointed hewed-log house was warmer in winter
and cooler in summer than a brick, and, except that
it would rot, was preferable. Unhewed houses were
always more or less subject to the intrusion of va-
grant breezes and curious eyes by the falling out or
knocking out of the " chinking" and " daubing" that
filled the .spaces between the logs. This was usually
made of blocks of split wood, from six inches to a
foot long by three or four inches wide and an inch
or two thick, laid in oblique rows between the logs
and covered thick with the mud of the country.
Chimneys were usually built clear outside of the
house, against a hole eight or ten feet wide by five
or six high cut out of the logs or left by measure-
ment when the logs were cut before the raising, as
other openings were arranged for frequently. The
square of the chimney at the bottom, as high as the
fireplace inside, was built of heavy split timber .
notched like the logs of the wall and heavily
" daubed." The upper part was narrowed from the
square structure below to the usual size of a smoke-
vent of brick, but made of small split sticks laid on
each other in courses of pairs and thickly plastered
with clay or mud. As dangerous as such work would
SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.
71
appear in such close contact with the huge fires of
the backwoods, there was not more danger if the
" daubing" was well looked to than there is in the
" defective flue" that is the terror of city house-
holders and the pest of insurance companies. Be-
sides, if a chimney should take fire it could be dis-
cerned at once, for the whole extent of the flue was
as open as the door, and a tinful of water could do
all that a steam-engine is needed to do now, and with-
out damaging anything, where the engine would do
as much harm as a fire. With all the rudeness and
lack of luxuries and even of conveniences, the pio-
neers of the West had some countervailing advan-
tages even in the structure of their houses.
Log cabins were abundant here when cooking-
stoves came round, but they had been going out for
some years, and there was never any considerable
association between the home of the backwoods and
the kitchen of the city. The cooking of the cabin
was all done in the big fireplace. Mr. Nowland tells
how the fires were made. The back-log, cut the full
length of the fireplace, was laid at one end on a sled
called a " lizard," and hauled into the house by a
horse till it was opposite the fireplace, when it was
rolled in, and followed by a " forestick" of the same
size, and brought in the same way. Smaller wood
filled in the space between the two on the heavy and-
irons,— sometimes stones or smaller logs,— and with
proper attention to the small fuel such a fire would last
twenty-four hours. The baking was done in skillets,
set in front of the fire on a bed of coals, with the lid
covered with coals. If it was a "johnny-cake" that
was to be baked, it was spread out by hand till it was
a foot or so long and half as wide or more by nearly
an inch in thickness, and then laid on the "johnny-
cake board," about like the half of a modern sleeve-
board, and set on edge before the fire, supported by
a big chip or a stone or anything handy. Nothing
more savory was ever made of grain than a "johnny-
cake." The frying was done like the baking, and
not unfrequently with the same utensil. For boiling,
an iron crane usually hung in the fireplace, with two
or three heavy iron hooks, that could be moved along
the lever, like the weights on a steelyard, to find the
best spot of the fire. Against the end walls of the
big fireplace it was a common sight to see venison
hams hanging to dry, or "jerk," as the phrase is now.
Pumpkins cut into thin strips and dried were fre-
quent adornments of strings or poles near the ceiling
or along the walls. A " smoke-house," to cure the
winter's bacon, was an usual adjunct of the cabin,
and the fiimily meat was kept there with other pro-
visions. Before there were any mills, or when low
water prevented them from grinding, corn was often
made into " lye hominy," or, when just hardening
from the roasting ear into maturity, was grated on a
half-cylinder of tin punched outwardly full of holes,
the outturned edges of the hole rasping an ear away
rapidly in the deft hands of a backwoods housewife.
Potatoes were roasted in the hot ashes and embers,
and the boy who has eaten them thus cooked, and
will not swear that no other cooking is comparable,
is " fit for stratagems" and all other bad things.
In the year 1830, Mr. John Finley, of Wayne
County, wrote a New Year's address for the Indian-
apolis Journal, at the close of which occurs so
admirable a description of a " Hoosier" pioneer cabin
that no apology is required for reproducing it here :
" I'm told in riding somewliere West
A stranger found a ' Hoosier's nest,'
In other words, a buckeye cabin,
Just big enough to hold Queen Mab in.
Its situation, low but airy.
Was on the borders of a prairie;
And fearing he might be benighted,
He hailed the house, and then alighted.
The Hoosier met him at the door,
Their salutations soon were o'er.
He took the stranger's horse aside
And to a sturdy sapling tied,
Then, having stripped the saddle off,
He fed him in a sugar-trough.
The stranger stooped to enter in,
The entrance closing with a pin.
And manifested strong desire
To seat him by the log-heap fire,
Where half a dozen Hoosieroons,
With mush and milk, tin cups and spoons,
White heads, bare feet, and dirty faces.
Seemed much inclined to keep their places.
But madam, anxious to display
Her rough but undisputed sway,
Her offspring to the ladder led.
And cuffed the youngsters up to bed.
72
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Invited shortly to partake
Of venison, milk, and johnny-cake,
The stranger made a hearty meal,
And glances round the room would steal.
One side was lined with divers garments,
The other spread with skins of varmints;
Dried pumpkins overheard were strung.
Where venison hams in plenty bung;
Two rifles placed above the door.
Three dogs lay stretched upon the tioor.
In short, the domicile was rife
With specimens of Hoosier life.
The host, who centered bis aflFections
On game and ' range' and ' quarter sections,'
Discoursed his weary guest for hours.
Till Somnus' all-composing powers
Of sublunary cares bereft them.
And then No matter how the story ended.
The application I intended
Is from the famous Scottish poet.
Who seemed to feel, as well as know it.
That ' burly chiels and clever hizzies
Are bred in sic a way as this is.' "
The nickname of an ludianian, " Hoosier," occurs
in this poem the first time that it ever appeared in
print, say some old settlers. It could not have been
very old or generally known throughout the country
if it originated, as the most credible accounts relate,
in a fight among the hands employed in excavating
the canal around the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville.
Some big Irishman, after keeping out of the shindy
as long as he could stand it, at last went in and
knocked down four or five of the other party in
quick succession. Jumping up in high glee he
cracked his heels together, and shouted, " I'm a
husher." The boast crossed the river, and was
naturalized by the residents there, and thence passed
all over the State and into other States. Except
" Yankee," no other State or sectional nickname is
so well known, and it is not unfrequently used as
a designation of a Western man, as " Yankee" is of
an Eastern man. Grovernor Wright, of Indiana, once
told a foreign visitor that the name originated in a
habit of travelers calling out when they would ride
up to a fence at night with the purpose of staying
till morning, " Who's here ?" Repetition made one
word of it, and finally made a name for backwoods
settlers of it, which in some unexplained way was
appropriated to Indiana. Another explanation is
that Col. Lehmanowski, a Polish ofiicer of the first
Napoleon, who occasionally visited this place, and
preached here to a Lutheran association and lec-
tured on Napoleon's wars, about 1840 to 1842,
started the name by his pronunciation of the word
" Hussar," which some " gostrating" fellow got hold
of and used to glorify himself. This, however, oc-
curring as late as 1840, will not explain the use of the
word in Finley's poem in 1830, except in the fashion
of " Merlin's prophecy," made by the " Fool" in
" Lear."
Dr. Philip Mason, of White Water, in his " Au-
tobiography," gives an account of the agricultural
implements in use on the farms of these " Hoosiers"
that will not be uninteresting to the later generation
of farmers. " The plow was the common shovel-
plow mostly, though a few called the ' bar-share'
were used. This was a bar on the land side, with
a broad, flat share running to a point at the forward
end, attached to a coulter with a steel nose in front.
The coulter extended up through the wooden beam of
the plow. Two wooden handles, one attached to the
beam and the bar, and to the bar of the land side of
the plow, the other handle connected with a wooden
mold-board, which pressed out the dirt and partially
turned it. It was connected with the other handle
by wooden pins or rounds. Horses were often at-
tached to the plow without an iron clevis. The
double-tree was connected with a fixture not unlike
a clevis ; the single-tree fastened to the double-tree
by a hickory withe, sometimes with a kind of wooden
clevis. The horses were mostly geared for plowing
with a collar made of corn-shucks ; hames made from
the roots of the ash or oak, fashioned as best they
could be with a drawing-knife, a hole at top and bot-
tom, so as to fasten with a cord or a thong made of
rawhide ; not uncommonly a hole was made with an
auger near the middle of the hame to take in the
trace, which was made of hemp or flax tow, and spun
and made on a rude rope-walk. The trace was run
through the hole in the hame and secured by a knot,
and looped over the end of the single-tree, on which
there was a notch at the back part to keep it in place.
For a back-band a strong piece of tow cloth doubled
SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.
73
was used. The horses were guided by a bridle with
a rope headstall and a rope line, mostly driven with
one line. When using two horses they were coupled
together by a rope at the bits, sometimes by a stick,
with strings tied to the stick and then to the bridle-
bit. Double lines were seldom used in driving one
or two horses. Even a four-horse team was driven
with a single line attached to the near forward horse.
Salt and iron were obtained at Cincinnati, and fortu-
nate was he who could by any means obtain salt
enough to preserve his meat and salt his food. Corn
was often sold at six cents a bushel, and wheat at
twenty-five cents. Salt was often as high as two
dollars and a half and three dollars a bushel."
seasoned. From these I made a high post bedstead,
which has been in use ever since till the last seven
years." The common chair of the backwoods was the
" split-bottom," still made and used occasionally, and
superior to anything of the fashionable kind made
now. Long thin strips of tough wood that would
split in flakes about an inch wide were used to weave
the seat. They wore out or broke readily, but were
readily replaced. Sometimes buckskin was stretched
and tacked to the frame of the seat, and made a better
chair than any costly cushioned affair of this day,
until it stretched into too deep a cavity, as it always
did sooner or later.
From this account of a pioneer it will be seen that
AN E3IIGRANT
Although the pioneers all had to build their own
houses, they were not all nor generally so destitute
as to be forced to make their own furniture. Dr.
Mason thus describes his labor in this direction : " My
next object was to make us seats. For this purpose I
went into the creek bottom and selected a suitable blue
ash tree, cut it down, then cut notches into the sides,
and split off pieces of suitable length and width for
benches. With the broad-axe and drawing-knife they
were made smooth. Some were made for a single per-
son and had three legs, while the longer ones had four
legs. Our next object was a bedstead. I found on
the place some black walnut rails which were well
farmers did a good deal towards making for themselves
the appliances and implements they needed. It was
often their only chance, consequently it was no un-
usual thing to see about a farmer's barn or back yard
a rough carpenter's bench with a wooden clamp or
vise, or a " horse" with a treadle, and a notched head
pressed by the treadle down on a stick to hold it fast
against the "horse" for the use of the "drawing-
knife," the universal tool of the backwoods, only less
indispensable than the axe. The ready adaptability
of the American pioneer was balked by little in the
way of wood-work, but blacksmithing was too much,
and the blacksmith-shop was universally coeval with
74
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the tavern and village store. He made the crane for
the fireplace, the " dog-irons" or andirons, the shovel
and tongs, the plowshare and clevis, the horse's bit
sometimes, the gearing of the wife's loom, the irons
of the husband's wagon, shod the horses, sharpened
the plows, made the grubbing hoes and the fishing
gigs, hammered smooth the battered poles of axes,
riveted the blade in the boy's broken knife, and some-
times ventured to repair the broken lock of the hunter's
rifle. Pretty much all else the family did for them-
selves, even to the wagon-making once in a while.
The spinning, weaving, cutting, and clothes-making
were the good wife's work, with plenty more besides,
and if she didn't make as neat fits or graceful drapery
as a fashionable tailor or dressmaker to-day, her
breeches were sound and durable, her " wamuses"
comfortable and convenient, her dresses admirably
adapted to the service and situation. Buckskin was
largely used for clothing and frequently for moccasins.
It is queer that the infinite superiority of the latter
in comfort to all other forms of foot-gear for those
distressed by the distortions and excrescences of civil-
ization has not reintroduced them, at least among sen-
sible people who care more for comfort than appear-
ances. Buckskin wamuses and breeches disappeared
forty years ago, except in rare instances of well-pre-
served pioneer relics. The deer was driven off into
the remotest parts of the county even before that,
and the hides becoming scarce, and dear in a double
sense, were gradually replaced in saddlery and other
manufactures by sheepskin, by no means its equal.
Ex-Coroner Dr. Wishard tells an amusing .story of
Emmanuel Glympse, one of the first settlers of Perry
township. He had been wearing a pair of ill-tanned
buckskin breeches, which got soaked in a shower as
he was going from home to a school he kept in the
neighborhood. They were pliable enough when he
sat down in them wet, but they dried before he
attempted to rise, and then they were as hard as
sheet-iron, and he had to get water and resoak them
before they would allow him freedom of muscle
enough to walk. It was much such a case as " Sut
Lovengood's" shirt. For a number of years carding
machinery was frequently attached to the motive-
power of mills to make " rolls" of the farmers'
wool, but a farmhouse was rarely without its pair
of cards for hand-made rolls if an emergency required
them. As late as 1832 or 1833 there was a carding-
machine run by horse-power — a huge wheel fifteen
feet in diameter set at a slope with a vertical shaft
in the centre, on the lower side of which a horse
was in constant motion — on the northwest corner of
Maryland and Illinois Streets, and another on Ken-
tucky Avenue near where the first tobacco-factory
was situated. These were used for no other purpose,
but in at least two mills near the city the same kind
of machinery was attached to the water-power. One
was on Fall Creek race, the other on the bayou, near
the present line of the Vincennes Railroad, in a mill
erected by the late Daniel Yandes and his brother-in-
law, Andrew Wilson. Spinning and weaving machi-
nery came, temporarily and uselessly, in a big steam-
mill enterprise some years later, but it failed, and
woolen manufacture was left to show itself nearly
twenty years later. " Store clothes" were by no
means unknown, but a large dependence was held on
the mother's skill in the country, and to some extent
in the town too, where a good deal of the country
life was retained in the woods and corn-patches that
surrounded many of the houses. It was not till the
settlement was getting into its teens that it began to
put on city airs and distinguish itself and its ways
from the country.
A portion of the home labors of the backwoods
was of a kind that required co-operation, and these
were made occasions of fun and frolic, though rarely
to the neglect of the real business. Among these
were the " quiltings" for women and girls, with the
necessary attendance of young men later, when the
games of the period were zealously kept up as long
as it seemed decorous. These were much the same
as country games in all parts of the country, of
English origin and traditional repute, and rarely
mixed up with later inventions till the town and
country began to be less closely assimilated. The point
or purpose of most of them was a kiss claimed as a
forfeit or penalty. The more intellectual entertain-
ments, like making and solving puzzles, were not so
popular as those with a little material satisfaction
lodged in their conclusion. " Apple-parings" were
AMUSEMENTS.
75
not so common here as in the East, but they were
another kind of co-operative work that was made an
amusement. " House-raisina" was a male task with
a similar accompaniment belter adapted to masculine
tastes; "log-rolling" was another. The trees that
had been cut down to clear the land for cultivation
had to be put out of the way, and no way was so
expeditious as to roll them into great heaps and burn
them, trunks, chips, limbs, brush, and leaves. So
the neighbors gathered to a " log-rolling" as to a
" raising," and many a rivalry of strength and skill
with the handspike was raised or settled tliere. There
was fighting of course, especially on visits to town
and to the "grocery," as the liquor-shop was called
then ; but the exhibition at a " log-rolling" was quite
as satisfactory proof that a man was a " good man,"
"stout," "hold his otrn," and so on, as a successful
fight at Jerry Collins' corner. " Sugar-making"
was frequently turned into a frolic, though co-opera-
tion was not so necessary to it as the other work.
The processes were much the same as now, except
that the " troughs" were not buckets or crocks, but
wooden vessels roughly hewed in the halves of
short logs split in two, unhandy, easily overturned,
and readily inclined to get dirty. They were visited
at regular intervals, and the sugar-water emptied
into a barrel on a sled, or in a wagon if there was
not snow enough for a sled, and reset, while the sled
with its load went back to the fire, usually made
between two good-sized long logs, on which the
kettles rested. Here the evaporating water was re-
placed from the barrels till it was sweet enough to
finish with, and then came the fun, " the stirring off,"
and hunting out lumps to eat, or filling egg-shells
with thick syrup to harden into a lump like a stone,
or pouring a great mass into a pan of sugar-water for
the boys and girls to pull at, or making cakes of it,
or scalding fingers with it for some favorite to doctor.
" Sugar-making" was capable of being made the
most entertaining event of the year, and it was often
done.
Besides the amusements made of occasions of really
necessary neighborly co-operation, the men of both
town and country during the first decade of the
settlement, or in some cases the first two, contrived
amusements that made no pretence of work. The
chief of these were "quarter races" and "shooting
matches." For some years the portion of West
Street along the Military Ground was the favorite
race-track, the outcome being near the crossing of
West and Indiana Avenue on the Michigan road.
Nags taken from the plow or the wagon, and ridden
by the owners or by some boy, were the contestants,
and the stake was anything from a plug of tobacco
to ten dollars, the latter not usually risked on any
animal that had not a local reputation. Forty years
ago or more these quarter races on West Street took
place nearly every Saturday, and were usually dec-
orated with a fight or two.
A conspicuous character concerned in them fre-
quently was a very remarkable man named Nathaniel
Vise, who settled and named the town of Visalia, in
California. Though constantly associated with drink-
ing men all his life and making drinking-places his
principal haunts, he was never known to drink.
Though he gambled, he was notoriously as honorable
a man as there was in the place. Possessed of phe-
nomenal strength and agility, and living among fight-
ing men, he never fought when he could help it, and
he never fought without whipping his man. His
checkered career took him to Texas after he left here,
and he became the intimate friend of Jack Hays, the
noted " Texas Ranger." They went to California
together, and there his amazing strength and skill
made him so formidable that not one of the many
noted prize-fighters then in San Francisco, like
" Yankee" Sullivan and " Country" McClusky, would
fight him " rough and tumble" for ten thousand
dollars. He was killed but a year or so ago by the
fall of a building in Texarkana. He came to this
place a mere lad with his father from Kentucky, and
grew up here. At one time, about 1839, he had a
contract on the Central Canal, near the town, and
when the public works were suspended that year he
made a pro rata division of all the money he had
among his hands. They came to the town and got
drunk on it, and were then easily persuaded by a
fractious Irishman that they had been cheated and
ought to lick Vise. Happening to pass along the
street where a group of them was gathered, a little
76
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
east of Meridian Street on Washington, they assailed
him, first with savage language and then with their
clubs and fists. He knocked and kicked down a
half-dozen of them before he got clear of them.
His activity was so great that he jumped high enough
to kick both feet in the stomach of one of the mob
and prostrate him senseless. He once beat a pro-
fessional foot-racer in racing costume, without chang-
ing a single thing he wore, and beat him so badly in
a hundred yards or so that at the outcome he turned
and walked towards his antagonist, meeting and laugh-
ing at him. He was a cousin of Judge N. B. Taylor,
of the Superior Court. So much notice of him is
due to the conspicuous place he held among the early
settlers and the reputation he left here.
After the abandonment of the canal, its bed south
of Pleasant Run, where there was a long stretch of
level bottom, was made a race-track by the ambitious
residents of Perry township, especially the section of
it some half-dozen miles south of the town in the
river bottom, called " Waterloo," a region noted for
fighting, drinking, betting, and wild frolics of all
kinds. Here lived the Snows, the Stevenses, the
Fanoillers, the Mundys, the Glympses, the Myerses,
some quiet and orderly, some a good deal like the
modern " cow-boy." All were ■' drinking" men,
however.
" Shooting matches" continued to be a popular
amusement till near the time the completion of the
first railroad changed the direction of men's minds to
the graver occupations of establishing industries and
multiplying business. There were two kinds of
matches. In one the shooting was done at a target,
in the other at the object which was made the stake.
In the first case the usual prize was a beef divided
into five " quarters," the fifth being the hide and
tallow, and worth more cash value than either of the
others. In the second case the object shot for — ^a
turkey commonly, sometimes a goose — was set against
a tree or stump, with a log rolled before it so as to con-
ceal all of it but the head and upper part of the neck.
The contestants stood oflF an agreed distance, usually
sixty yards, and shot at the head " ofi' hand." The
first to bring blood won it. Each contestant put in
enough to make the aggregate a good price for the
fowl. The rifle was the only weapon of the time in
the backwoods, whether the game were deer or bear,
turkey, quail, or squirrel. Small game could usually
be hit close enough about the head to leave the eat-
able portion uninjured. But nobody could shoot a
running turkey's head off with a rifle, as one of T.
B. Thorpe's apocryphal stories makes Mississippi old-
time hunters do frequently. It might be possible if
a turkey were running directly away from or towards
a hunter, but barely possible then, and utterly impos-
sible, except by accident, in any other direction. The
shot-gun was thought beneath the dignity of hunters
and marksmen, and even boys disdained it. The rifle
was the weapon of a man ; " shot-guns will do for
girls," said an old pioneer once in Mr. Beck's gun-
smith-shop. It was not till the German immigration
began to afi'ect social conditions that the shot-gun be-
gan to displace the rifle. Now the hunter here never
uses the rifle, and the shot-gun has become the es-
pecial agent even of the humanizing murders of our
enlightened land. Several prominent citizens were
noted for skill with the rifle. Robert B. Duncan was
probably the most formidable of all, but Squire Wea-
ver and Nathaniel Cox and several others were little
inferior, if at all. Mr. Cox was one of the conspicu-
ous pioneers of the New Purchase. He was a me-
chanical genius, and was employed to do all sorts of
work that nobody else could or would try. He was
carpenter, cabinet-maker, cooper, turner, painter, boat-
builder, anything that was wanted, — a quaint, humor-
ous, generous man, full of queer stories and dry fun,
passionately fond of hunting and fishing, and always
at it when he had no work to do. In 1842, when
he wanted to run for county treasurer, probably, he
announced himself in handbills as " Old Nat Cox,
the Coon-Hunter." He was the drummer of militia
musters, and made his own drums. He lived west of
Missouri Street on Washington for a great many
years, and died about 1851. According to Mr. Now-
land, he was the prototype of " Sut Lovengood"
in drinking the two components of a Seidlitz powder
separately and letting them mix in his stomach, an
experiment that he said " made him feel as if Niagara
Falls were running out of his head." He was a
Marylander, and came here in 1821.
AMUSEMENTS.
77
Another amusement of the early settlement of the
place was " gander-pullino;." This was imported from
the South by the settlers from North Carolina and
Tennessee, of whom there were a good many. Those
who have read some of the sketches of Southern life
and scenes by Hooper and Lonestreet will know all
that can be known about a " gander-pulling" without
taking part in it. One of the places — possibly the
only one — where it was practiced in this county was
at Allisonville, in Washington township, on the road
to Conner's place and Noblesville. Here two resi-
dents, Lashbrook and Deford, oflFered an enlightened
and Christian public the refined and intellectual en-
tertainment of a " gander-pulling" at such times as
promised to make the speculation profitable. An old
gander was caught, his neck stripped of feathers and
thickly covered with soft soap, and hung by his legs
to a strong but yielding limb of a handy tree. The
contestants mounted their horses and in turn rode at
full speed under the swinging fowl, catching its soapy
neck with one hand and holding on with all their
might to pull the head oif : that was the victory.
There is no record or recollection of the frequency of
this elegant sport or of the persons that took part
in it.
It may savor a little of the extravagance of a joke
to suggest that one of the primitive entertainments
of the settlement was fighting, and yet the frequency
and ready reconciliation of that sort of enlivenmant
certainly looked that way. Fighting at elections is
common now, but it was inevitable then ; and it was
a rare Saturday that didn't see a " passage at arms"
of the backwoods kind, " a rough and tumble" fight,
at some of the " groceries." Occasionally the diversion
was diversified by fisticufi' duels of a more sedate if
not satisfactory character than the whiskey-nurtured
rows of street corners and handy open lots. Pretty
early in the annals of the village one of these affairs
occurred between Andrew Wilson, one of the owners
of one of the early mills, and a neighbor by the name
of Zadoc (universally called " Zedick") Smith. The
pair went off alone into the thick woods about the
mill situated on the " old bayou," near the crossing
of the Belt Railroad and Morris Street, and fought
out their quarrel, came back roughly handled, and
never to their dying day told anybody which was the
victor. Not improbably the result was a good deal like
that of the fight celebrated in a " nigger" ballad of this
period between " Bill Crowder" and " Davy Crockett" :
" We fought half a day, and then agreed to stop it,
for I was badly licked, and so was Davy Crockett."
Another fight of the same secret and undetermined
kind took place later between Captain Wiley and Jim
Smith, both tailors and " sports," and both unusually
stalwart and fine-looking men. They went off to the
State House Square, a remote and rural spot then,
and settled the matter, but how they never told.
So infectious was this fighting humor that Calvin
Fletcher when prosecutor took offense at some action of
Squire Obed Foote, and undertook to thrash him in
his own oflace, with poor success, however, which he
signalized by informing on himself and having himself
indicted and fined. Eye-gouging and biting were
practiced in these affairs in the Southern fashion, but
never or rarely to the maiming or serious injury of
Of this period militia musters and militia ofiBcers
form too important an element to be overlooked.
When the county was organized the battle of New
Orleans was but .seven years old, and that was a militia
battle on our side. There was enough military spirit
in the people to demand a military system of some
kind, and to sustain it till it got to be an old song and
the events of the last war with England had faded
into legend, and a militia force was organized of all
the adult male population with some exceptions,
divided into regiments by counties and brigades by
Congressional districts. Judge William W. Wick was
the first brigadier of this district ; James Paxton was
elected the first colonel, Samuel Morrow the first lieu-
tenant-colonel, and Alexander W. Russell the first
major, as before stated. Musters were held annually^
possibly oftener, and the turn-out was expected to
embrace about all the able-bodied voting population
who were not specially exempted. But it did not, as
there were always plenty to look on besides the troops
that followed the march. The parade was formed at
the court-house usually, with no uniforms except
what the ofiicers wore, and no guns but " squirrel
rifles," and many without them taking canes, papaw
78
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
sticks, broken hoe handles, or pieces of split plank.
The march was sometimes out east to a grove, but
oftener west down Washington Street and Maryland
to the open ground between Georgia and Louisiana
Streets west of Tennessee, where the force was put
through an hour of drilling and marching, and another
hour of idling about and talking and eating apples,
and then the parade was dismissed, with about as much
improvement of military knowledge and spirit as if
all hands had stayed at home. But the parade was a
great event. The regimental officers made a most
inspiriting show. They were in their glory, as a
" militia officer on the peace establishment" — as Cor-
win said of Crary — ought to be at a militia annual
parade. It was the day for which the other three hun-
dred and sixty-four were made. They galloped back
and forth, their red and white plumes swaying and
bobbing, their sword-sheaths rattling, their blades
flashing, when they were not rusty, their voices duly
husky with dust and duty, while old Peter Winchell
and Nat Cox kept the drums rattling till no one could
hear more than an infrequent squeal of Glidden True's
fife. Little boys ran along and screamed, dogs barked,
sedate old hogs in fence corners got up and ran off
grunting, women stood in their doors holding up their
babies to see the gorgeous spectacle, and for one hour
of glorious life the militia officer had a right to feel
that he was a bigger man than any man without a
commission.
Although the militia sy.stem was intended, as Burke
said of the feudal system, to be " the cheap defense
of the nation," and the military tastes of the people
were as strong as those of any people, yet so incessant
were the demands of urgent duties and labors that
little time was left for such as availed only in remote
and improbable emergencies. Thus it came that after
the settlement of the New Purchase there was never
anything more made of the militia system than an
annual show and a little personal distinction fre-
quently used for political effect by the officers. This
will explain the reference to it here instead of in the
general course of the history, where its infrequency
would make it more irrelevant.
Ex-United States Senator Smith gives an account
of the " end of the militia system" on the White
Water, which is at once so amusing and so fully illus-
trative of the condition of the system all over the
State that it is reproduced here. Premising that an
ambitious young fellow named Lewis had been elected
major of the regiment, and that he was possessed by
a large idea of the importance of his position, Mr.
Smith goes on thus: " The great and memorable day
at last arrived. The aide-de-camp of the major came
galloping into the field in full uniform directly from
headquarters, and halted at the marquee of the adju-
tant. In a few minutes the order from the major was
given in a loud military voice by the adjutant, mounted
on a splendid gray charger, ' Officers to your places,
marshal your men into companies, separating the bare-
footed from those who have shoes or moccasins, plac-
ing the guns, sticks, and cornstalks in separate pla-
toons, and then form the line ready to receive the
major !' The order was promptly obeyed, when at a
distance Maj. Lewis was seen coming into the field
with his aids by his side, his horse rearing and plung-
ing very unlike ' Old Whitey' at the battle of Buena
Vista. The line was formed, the major took position
on a rising ground about a hundred yards in front of
the battalion ; rising in his stirrups, and turning his
full face upon the line, he shouted, ' Attention, the
whole ' Unfortunately the major had not tried
his voice before in the open air, and with the word
' attention' it broke, and ' the whole' sounded like the
whistle of a fife. The moment the sound reached the
line some one at the lower end, with a voice as shrill
as the major's, cried out, ' Children come out of the
swamp, you'll get snake bit !' The major pushed
down the line at full speed. 'Who dares insult me?'
No answer. The cry then commenced all along the
line, ' You'll get snake-bit 1' The major turned and
dashed up the line, but soon had sense enough to see
that it was the militia that was at an end, and not
himself that was the object of ridicule. He dashed
his chapeau from his head, drew his sword and threw
it upon the ground, tore his commission to pieces, and
resigned on the spot. The battalion dispersed, and
militia musters were at end from that time forward
in the White Water country." The system made a
less comical exit in the White River country, but it
went out about the same time and as completely. Its
AMUSEMENTS.
79
offices ceased to be of any value even as means of
electioneering for political positions. When it began
to be replaced, as it was in ten or a dozen years after
the removal of the capital to the White lliver region,
the substitute took the form of voluntary associations,
always sure to be more efficient than any statutory
system in a country that couldn't enforce, and wouldn't
trj', a conscription in time of peace.
In the way of ordinary amusements, such as usu-
ally divert the inhabitants of towns, there was nothing.
A theatrical performance had come and gone, and that
was all till 1830, when the first circus, McComber &
Co.'s, exhibited in the rear of Henderson's tavern.
Such diversions, besides those referred to, as the
young capital had to regale itself with it contrived
for itself, owing nothing and paying nothing to any-
body else.
Thus it came that for the first decade or two the
town and country were as closely assimilated in their
amusements and general social condition as if the
town had never been platted or its streets cleared, and
in business and in ordinary duties the separation was
little more distinct. The town was merely a little
thickening of the country settlement.
Mr. Mason speaks of the scarcity of money in In-
diana in the first few years after the State's admis-
sion into the Union, and all the survivors of the first
dozen years of the settlement of the New Purchase say
that most of their trading was barter. Money was hard
to come by, and what little was encountered in this
region was Spanish almost altogether or Mexican.
The old copper cent, as big as a half dollar, was the
only home coin that circulated in any considerable
force; the next smallest was the " fip," or " fipenny
bit," a little Spanish coin rated at six and a fourth
cents, the sixteenth of a dollar. In later years, after
flat-boats began running to New Orleans with our
corn and pork and whiskey and hay, we imported
the Southern designation and called it a " picayune."
The next coin was Spanish too, worth two of the
first, and called a " levy," sometimes a " 'leven-
pence," changed by Southern influence into "bit."
Another Spanish coin worth eighteen to twenty
cents was called a pistareen. It was so nearly the
same size, as the Spanish quarter that it was easily
passed for that if worn so much as to make the
stamp undiscernible. The quarter had the Pillars of
Hercules on the reverse, and the pistareen had not.
These coins were the common medium of business
when money was used at all, except that the dollar
coin was frequently Mexican, sometimes a French
five-franc piece helped out by a fip, but never an
American dollar. If the " daddies" had it, they
kept it. Paper money began to show itself with the
organization and operation of the old State Bank in
1834. The first American coins, except an occa-
sional ten-cent piece of the old pattern (the first
with the seated figure of Liberty) ever brought to
Indianapolis, so far as can be now ascertained, were
brought in the summer of 1838 by a jeweler named
Foster on his return from the East, and by him
placed in the corner-stone of the first Christ Church,
which was the first corner-stone laid in the place.
The primitive condition of the country and the un-
sophisticated character of the people can be better
judged by a few incidents related by eye-witnesses than
by chapters of elaborate description, wherefore it is
deemed best to add here some of the anecdotes of the
early settlement of the White lliver Valley, preserved
in O. H. Smith's and Mr. Nowland's reminiscences.
The latter, in his sketch of a noted character of the
early days of Indianapolis, " Old Helvey," tells an
amusingly illustrative story of a wedding there.
" After the bride and groom had retired the whiskey
gave out. There was no way of getting more except
at Mr. Landis grocery. He was present, but there
was no pen, pencil, or paper with which an order
could be sent to the clerk. Old Helvey suggested
that Mr. Landis should send his knife, which would
be recognized by the young man, and would certainly
bring the whiskey. This was done, and the whiskey
came, to the great joy of all present. Mr. Helvey
thought the bride and groom must be dry by this
time, so he took the jug to them and made them
drink the health of the guests."
Another incident related by Mr. Nowland indicates
a stronger matrimonial exclusiveness in a portion of
the early settlers than prevails now, or ever prevailed
in most of the country. This was the first dance
given in the settlement, by Mr. John Wyant, at his
80
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
cabin on the river bank, near where Kingan's pork-
house is, in December, 1821. Mr. John Wyant was
the first man prosecuted criminally in Marion County.
His oflFense was selling liquor without a license.
There was a charge of twenty-five cents admittance
for each adult male, to furnish the fluids, which were
the only costly articles used on these occasions. The
guests had begun to arrive, and while the landlord
was in " t'other house," as the second cabin was called,
Mr. Nowland (father), "having been educated in a
different school of etiquette from that of Mr. Wyant,
thought it but simple politeness to invite Mrs. Wyant
to open the ball with him. She gracefully accepted,
and they with others were going in fine style when
the landlord returned. He at once commanded the
music, which was being drawn from the bowels of a
dilapidated-looking fiddle by Col. Russell, to stop.
He said, ' As far as himself and wife were concerned
they were able to do their own dancing, and he
thought it would look better for every man to dance
with his own wife ; those who had none could dance
with the gals.' This order, as far as Mr. and Mrs.
Wyant were concerned, was strictly adhered to the
remainder of the night. When the guests were
ready to leave at the dawn of day they were still
' bobbing around' together." Not a bad example of
matrimonial fidelity, which it can do no harm to
recall at a time when a divorce is granted about
every day in the year in their own county.
Of one of the earliest marriages — the second prob-
ably— Mr. Nowland says, " As the two rooms were
already full the bride had to make her toilet in the
smoke-house, where she received the bridegroom and
his retinue." The wedding dinner is thus described :
" On either end of the table was a large, fat, wild
turkey, still hot and smoking from the clay oven in
which they were roasted. In the middle of the table
and midway between the turkeys was a fine saddle
of venison, part of a buck killed the day before by
Mr. Chinn (the bride's father ; the bridegroom was
Uriah Gates, a well-known citizen) expressly for the
occasion. The spaces between the turkeys and veni-
son were filled with pumpkin, chicken, and various
other pies. From the side-table or puncheon Mrs.
Chinn, assisted by the old ladies, was issuing cofi"ee.
which was taken from a large sugar -kettle that was
hanging over the fire. By the side of the coffee-potr
on this side-table was a large tin pan filled with maple
sugar, and a gallon pitcher of cream." Delmonico
could not have got up a better dinner at twenty dol-
lars a head. Mr. Nowland adds that " the dancing
was continued for two days. I remember that father
and mother came home after daylight the second day,
slept until the afternoon, and then went back and put
in another night."
An incident of the first Fourth of July celebration
is related in the same interesting collection of remi-
niscences : '■ On the morning of the Fourth of July,
1822, my father's family was aroused before daylight
by persons hallooing in front of the door. It proved
to be Capt. James Richey, who lived at the Blufis,
and a young man and lady who had placed themselves
under his charge and run away from obdurate parents
to get married. Mr. Richey and father soon found
the county clerk, the late James M. Ray, at Carter's
'Rosebush' tavern, procured the necessary legal docu-
ment, and Judge Wick married them before breakfast.
They had scarcely arisen from the breakfast table
when the young lady was confronted by her angry
father. Capt. Richey informed him that he was just
a few minutes too late, and instead of losing a daugh-
ter had gained a son. The parties were soon recon-
ciled and invited to attend the barbecue and ball given
in honor of the day, which they did."
Mr. Smith tells the following in the same humorous
vein :
James Whitcomb, Governor of the State in 1843,
and United States senator in 1848, dying 1852,
was one of the foremost lawyers in the State, and
practiced pretty much all over it, as did his lead-
ing cotemporaries. In the New Purchase he and
all the bar were in the habit of stopping at Capt.
John Berry's tavern in Andersontown (he was the
man who blazed out " Berry's trace," one of the
first from the South into the White River region)
and, as his custom was, the eminent lawyer, who
greatly resembled the English premier Disraeli in
face and complexion and fastidious taste, changed
his shirt at night. Capt. Berry was exceedingly
sensitive to any disparagement of his hotel, and
FASHIONS OP THE TIMES.
81
this, says Mr. Smith, "was well known to Calvin
Fletcher," who appears to have been the wag of the
bar as well as one of the most enterprising and benefi-
cent of the founders of the prosperity of Indianapo-
lis. " Taking the captain to one side, he said, ' Do
you know, Capt. Berry, what Mr. Whitcomb is
saying about your beds ?' ' I do not ; what does he
say ?' ' If you will not mention my name, as you
are one of my particular friends, I will tell you.'
' Upon honor, I'll never mention your name ; what
did he saj ?' ' He said your sheets were so dirty
that he had to pull ofi' his shirt every night and put
on a dirty shirt to sleep in.' ' I'll watch him to-
night.' Bed-time came, and Capt. Berry was
looking through an opening in the door when Mr.
Whitcomb took his night-shirt out of his portman-
teau and began to take oflF his day-shirt. He pushed
open the door, sprang upon Whitcomb, and threw
him upon the bed. The noise brought in Mr.
Fletcher and the other lawyers, and after explana-
tions and apologies on all sides the matter was set-
tled. Tears afterwards Mr. Whitcomb found out, as
he said, what he suspected at the time, that Mr.
Fletcher was at the bottom of the whole matter."
Among the fashions of the times was the disfavor
of beards. Side-whiskers of the " mutton-chop"
style were not uncommon, and occasionally they were
allowed to grow around the face, except a couple of
inches or so on the throat and chin, but this was the
limit. A " goatee," or " imperial," or " moustache"
would have been as strange a sight as a painted
Indian as late as 1840. A full beard would have
been very generally considered a freak of insanity.
Even whiskers were held " dandyish," and the wearer
of low esteem. Though Judge William W. Wick
cherished them when in Congress, he could not make
them fashionable. Forty years or more ago Joseph
M. Moore laughed at them in some satirical verses in
the Journal, and accused him of
"Using 'Columbia's Balm' to make iiis whiskers grow,
As forked as three WWW's all standing in a row."
The first moustache that appears of record was worn
by the then young 'Than West forty years ago or
thereabouts, as perpetuated in a young lady's poetical
6
address to some of the young bloods of the town.
She refers to the ornament in speaking of Mr. West's
avoidance of young ladies, —
"For fear that they should kiss him,
Has raised a thorn-hedge on his lip."
The best-known wearer of the moustache, how-
ever, and the most effective agent of its diffusion in
respectable society was Mr. Charles W. Cady, one
of the first insurance men of early times. Beards
began to " increase and multiply" in area and num-
ber before the civil war. That momentous experi-
ence was the end alike of slavery and universal
shaving.
A case related by Mr. Smith illustrates the slender
respect with which the early settlers sometimes re-
garded the law and its ministers. A grand jury,
while Mr. Fletcher was prosecutor, had found an
indictment against a man for selling liquor without
a license, much the most frequent offense of that
time. The foreman of the grand jury refused to
sign it ; the prosecutor urged it. " I shall do no
such thing, Mr. Fletcher ; I sell whiskey without a
license myself, and I shall not indict others for what
I do." " If you don't sign it I will take you before
Judge Wick." " What do I care for Judge Wick?
he knows nothing about such matters." " The grand
jury will follow me into court." In the court-room,
" This foreman of the grand jury refuses to sign his
name to a bill of indictment against a man for selling
whiskey without a license." Judge Wick : " Have
twelve of the jury agreed to find the bill ?" " Yes,
eighteen of them." " Foreman, do you refuse to
sign the bill ?" " I do." " Well, Mr. Prosecutor, I
see no other way than to leave him to his conscience
and his God ; the grand jury will return to their
room." In the jury-room the foreman said, "I told
you Judge Wick knew nothing about such cases."
Mr. Fletcher : " I am only taking legal steps to have
the bill signed." " What are you going to do now?
what are you stripping off your coat for?" "The
law requires the last step to be taken." " What is
that ?" " To thrash you till you sign the bill."
" Don't strike, Mr. Fletcher, and I'll sign." He did,
and the jury returned to the court-room. " Has the
82
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
foreman signed the bill ?" " He has.' " I thought
his conscience would not let him rest till he had
signed it."
Pertinent to this connection is Mr. Smith's account
of the hardships of a political campaign. A year or
so after the removal of the capital to Indianapolis he
was a candidate for Congress in the eastern district
of the State, then extending the whole length of the
State pretty nearly. In a portion wholly unsettled
he hired an Indian guide. They swam some of the
streams on their ponies, but at last found one they
could not cross in that way.
" The moment we reached the river the Indian
jumped down, peeled some bark from a hickory sap-
ling, and spanceled the fore legs of the ponies ; I
sat down on the bank. The Indian was out of sight
in a moment in the woods, and I saw nothing of him
for an hour, when he returned with the bark of a
hickory-tree about twelve feet long and three feet in
diameter. The bark was metamorphosed into a round-
bottomed Indian canoe when the sun was about an
hour high. The canoe was launched, my saddle,
saddle-bags, and blanket placed in one end, and I got
in the other. With my weight the edges were about
an inch above the water. I took the paddle, and by
the use of the current landed safely on the other
side," paying the Indian two dollars for his services.
During the rather indefinite period covered by this
attempt to present an idea of the condition of the
settlement aside from its material changes (loosely
put at twenty years), there had been organized some
ten churches, — one Baptist, two Presbyterian, two
Methodist, two Lutheran, one Christian, one Catholic,
one Episcopal, and all had places of worship of their
own. The intention here is not to present a summary
of the condition of the religious element of the settle-
ment at this time, but merely to notice some of the
early fashions and forms of public religious conduct.
Until near the close of this first twenty years of the set-
tlement the forms of worship, except in the Episcopal
and Catholic Churches, were not so fixed as they are
now. They were controlled more by the wish of the
preacher or the impulse of the occasion. A written
sermon was an unknown performance to many of the
pioneers, and to some of them would have looked like
a profanation. Choirs were unknown until introduced
by Henry Ward Beecher, except in churches with
established rituals. Mr. Beecher's brother, Rev.
Charles, an accomplished musician, was the first
choir- leader of a non-ritualistic service. Among the
first choristers were Mrs. Dr. Ackley, Mr. John L.
Ketcham, Lawrence M. Vance, A. G. Willard,
Augustus Smith. The churches generally held to
congregational singing, which was led by some man
with an approved voice and taste, who could be
trusted to select a good air of the right metre, and
start it with a pitch that all could readily follow.
Not unfrequently the starting was a volunteer effort,
coming from some one in the body of the congrega-
tion with a pet tune for the special metre of the oc-
casion. Familiar hymns were sung right along, with
or without books ; but when there were no books or
but few, and for a good while after they became com-
mon, the preacher would " line out" the hymn, or
" deacon" it, as the Yankees called it, by reading two
lines and waiting for the congregation to sing them
before reading another couplet. This would produce
an odd effect now to most hearers, even to those who
were familiar with it in childhood and youth, but it
certainly in no measure or way affected the solemnity
or sincerity of the worship. Sermons, as before re-
marked, were unwritten, and not unfrequently unpre-
pared,-— by no means identical conditions necessarily,
but often made so. They were uniformly longer than
now, an hour being neither an unusual nor unreason-
able duration. Probably they exercised a stronger im-
mediate influence on the feelings of the audience than
their shorter, pithier, more methodical and logical
successors from the writing-desk do now. There was
room for dramatic action and effect, for variety of
tone and feeling, for a vigor that comes involuntarily
with a fresh thought, and there is not much chance
for these agencies of oratory to get at an audience
through a carefully thought out and written out
sermon of the year of grace 1883.
There were a few hymns so popular from their
spirit or the air usually associated with them that
everybody knew them. One of the finest of these is
still unmatched in sacred hymnology for the pious
pertinence of the poetry or the spirited but stately
MUSIC.
83
movement of the music, — •' Am I a soldier of the j
cross?" Another was "Come, thou fount of every
blessing," frequently sung to the air that Rousseau
dreamed ; a third was " Come, humble sinner," the
air of which was a " minor" evidently adapted from an
old Irish air called the " Peeler and the Goat" ; an-
other, sung by John Brown on the scaffold, " Blow ye
the trumpet, blow" ; another, " Oh, love divine," to a
most spirited and pleasing air that is never heard
now. Besides these there were camp-meeting tunes
not greatly different from some that prevail among
the Southern colored churches now. " Old Rosin the
Bow" was one of these, adapted, and thus first named,
to a secular and satirical song, " Old Rossum the
Beau," wholly Southern however; "John Brown's
Body" was another ; and one of them was profanely
applied by some " unrespecting boys," about the end
of the period in question, to a comic song about
" The Great Sea-Snake." Music was not much cul-
tivated in a scientific or systematic way then, though
occasional teachers formed classes and gave lessons
from the " Missouri Harmony" in the " square note"
system. The " round note," or " do, re" system came
along about the time that church choirs did, and the
diffusion of a taste for the higher kinds of music
than ballad airs and dancing jigs came with the in-
flux of German immigration. The adoption of the
piano as a piece of fashionable furniture was a coeval
movement. Musical improvement made it fashion-
able, and it made music fashionable.
There has been an almost complete reversal of con-
ditions since the beginning of the period of musical
culture. Then the young lady who could play the
piano or " sing by note" was the exception ; now the
young lady who cannot is the exception. Of classic
music very little was known, so little that when
Madame Bishop first sang here in Masonic Hall in
November, 1851, the first time that a celebrated vo-
calist had ever appeared here, her performance of
" Casta Diva'' provoked a general smile, and not a
few called it " squalling." Now there are i&yf edu-
cated ladies in this city who are not familiar with
most of the best-known efforts of the great composers.
It may amuse them to learn the kind of songs that
were usually sung for social entertainment by the
young people who are now their parents or grand-
parents. Along in 1837 or 1838, when work on the
canal was going on, a song much liked by the country
boys and girls related to that sort of occupation. It
began in this way : '• I landed in sweet Philadelphia,
but being quite late in the fall, I didn't stay long in
that city, but anchored out on the canawl." Another,
with a touch of broad humor, sang the horrors of a
wreck on the " raging canawl" : " We had a load of
Dutch, and we stowed 'em in the hold ; they were not
the least concerned about the welfare of their souls.
The captain went below, and implored them for to
pray, but all the answer he could get was ' Ich kan
se nich versteh'." Of the amatory kind there was
the " Gallant Hussar," the " Minstrel returned from
the Wars," " Gaily the Troubadour," " Barbara
Allen," some of Burns' songs, popular everywhere,
" William Riley," with, a few years later, a profusion
of the earlier efforts of the colored muse, and a few
as early as 1839 or thereabouts, such as " Jenny, git
your hoe-cake done," " Jim Brown," " Clar de
Kitchen," and the like. Patriotic songs were popu-
lar and far more frequent than patriotic songs now,
though far inferior in style and literary qualities, but
by no means deficient in the spirit of the airs. One
of these was known all over the West as the " Hunters
of Kentucky," and celebrated the battle of New Or-
leans. Another little less popular paid tribute to
Perry and his heroes, beginning, " The tenth of Sep-
tember let us all remember as long as the world on
its axis rolls round." Another lamented St. Clair's
defeat. Another crowed lustily over the victory on
Lake Champlain, under the title, " The Noble Lads
of Canada." The chorus of the first verses ran thus :
" We're the noble lads of Canada, come to arms, boys,
come !" that of the last verse, owning defeat, changed
tone, " We've got too far from Canada, run for life,
boys, run !" Among the settlers from Guilford
County, N. C, there was the fag end of a queer old
patriotic song touching the French and English wars
of the time of Wolfe and the conquest of Canada:
" We'll send the news to France, how we made those
Frenchmen dance when we conquered the place
called Belle Isle," followed by a chorus that appeared
to be a jumble of unmeaning French words, or, if
84
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ever intelligible, so spoiled in pronunciation as to be
mere gibberish. There were a number of comic
songs that were frequently sung, of which four or
five will serve for samples : " Poor Old Maids,"
"Near Fly-Market lived a dame," " Sukey Suds, she
stood at her washing-tub" (a parody on " Lord
Lovel"), " The Cork Leg," " Billy Barlow," " Three
Jolly Welshmen," " I fell in love with a cook."
Most of these, sentimental, patriotic, and comic, were
contained in some of the collections called " Western
Songster" or " Columbian Minstrel," or something
of that kind. They are pretty much all forgotten
now, except by an occasional relic of old times who
retains them as indications of what old times were.
People of education and cultivated tastes sang better
songs, of course, but those cited were the favorites,
or of the class of favorites of the great mass of town
and country people.
During this period of comparatively primitive con-
ditions of life there was a steady increase of both edu-
cational facilities and of the disposition to use them.
The schools were all private, however, taught for two
to four dollars a quarter per pupil, sometimes in pri-
vate houses, sometimes in churches, and sometimes
in buildings erected or altered purposely for them.
The elementary course of instruction was much the
same as in all schools of that time, and not greatly
different from what it is now, — " Kirkham's Gram-
mar," " Olney's Geography," " Pike's Arithmetic,"
" English Reader" or " School Companion," " Day's
Algebra." The " Anthon Classics" and " Davies'
Mathematics" came later. " Webster's Spelling-
Book" was first seen here about 1833, shortly pre-
ceding the other illumination from the great star
shower in November. It was blue bound, and
actually " in boards." The sides were made of thin
veneers of sugar or beech apparently, pasted over
with blue paper, and the usual calamity of the text-
book was a back split and more or less of it torn off.
The blackboard was not generally used, except in the
town. Classic studies were rather unusual till the
second decade of the settlement was well advanced.
Music was taught to the boys in the " Old Seminary"
by Rev. James S. Kemper and his brother, and in
the female seminaries of course. With the County
Seminary and the rival schools that followed it, and
the female schools of higher pretensions than the
mixed schools that had preceded them, which also
came in the track of the Old Seminary, came a more
extended course of study. In not a few cases it cov-
ered as thorough a reading of the usual classic authors
as any Western college, and the mathematical course
ran the whole length of the science, from algebra and
Euclid to the " Differential Calculus" and " McLau-
rin's Theorem." So far in advance of the general
mathematical instruction of the period was the course
pursued in the " Old Seminary" that Mr. Kemper's
class in "analytical geometry" had to copy his manu-
script treatise on " Conic Sections," prepared by the
late celebrated astronomer. Professor Mitchell, but
never published, and study that. A fanciful but by
no means idle variation of the usual school course
was introduced here about 1843 or 1844 by an itin-
erant teacher, who made a specialty of geography,
and taught it by the " singing" method. A large
map of one of the continents was set where all could
see it, and the teacher with a long stick would point
to one object and another, and call its name in a sort
of sing-song or " intoning" fashion, and the pupils
would repeat it after him. He would take the bays
along the ocean coast, for instance, beginning with
the most northerly, and call them over in this sing-
ing way in exact succession, going back to the first
after each addition, thus keeping the whole series
constantly in mind, and repeating it till it became
fixed and indelible. Location was, in a general way,
conveyed in the order of names, and the teacher's
stick helped its deflniteness by indicating it on the
map as the name was sung. In the same way the
capes, lakes, rivers, capitals, principal cities, and
other important geographical features were taught
more rapidly and effectively than by the humdrum
method of ordinary schools. The lessons drew large
audiences to the Methodist Church, where they were
given. Lessons in penmanship were given by the
usual infallible methods in from six to a dozen lessons
by wandering teachers ; so was music, and occasion-
ally modern languages. French was always taught in
the female seminaries, and was also taught in the
" Old Seminary" by Mr. Kemper, and in " Franklin
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PIONEER LIFE.
85
Institute" by Mr. Marston, but German was never
taught at all, or only in a very few unsuspected cases,
till about 1848, when Professor Samuel K. Hoshour,
afterwards president of Butler University, and one
of the most noted teachers of Eastern Indiana, formed
a German class here, and Mr. Paul Geiser, a young
German of good abilities and attainments, then editing
the Volksblatt, the first German paper here, taught a
private class for a short time.
The games of the pupils were much the same as
now, — tops, marbles, hop-scotch, ball, prisoner's base,
shinny. The games requiring room were more com-
mon then, because adequate room cannot be had
now, and it was all around most school-houses forty
or more years ago. Several forms of ball games were
practiced, — " cat," with one or two bases, " town ball,"
very similar to base ball, ''bull-pen," "ante and over,"
" hand up," the last three rarely seen or heard of
since the town began filling up. In "bull-pen" four
corners were occupied by four players, who threw
the ball from one to the other till one saw a chance
to hit one of the players in the square, called the
" pen," who ran constantly from one part to another,
to keep at the greatest distance from the ball. If
he missed he was out. If he hit, the boy who was
hit or any one in the "pen" who got the ball
first threw it at any one of the corner players who
was handiest, and if he was hit he was out ; if he
was not, the other was out. In " hand up" the ball
was knocked against a wall with the bare hand, usually
at the "bounce." In "ante and over," or " antuy
over," the players stood in two groups, one on each
side of the school-house. The one with the ball
threw it over the house, calling out " ante and over."
If the other side caught it they ran round the house
to hit some of the players of the throwing side.
Shinny, though, was the king game of the school-boy
of the latter part of this period. It was played with
a stout club curved at the bottom. — young sugars
were usually taken, as their roots ran close along
the surface of the ground, — and frequently charred
to make them hard and prevent them from splinter-
ing in their violent collisions with stones and gravelly
surfaces. A ball, usually of wood, a couple of inches
in diameter, was the other implement of the game.
The players were arrayed in lines facing each other,
their respective goals or " homes" being the limits of
the play-ground. The game was for one side or the
other to carry the ball " home" against the resistance
of the other side trying to carry it to their " home."
Two players in the middle began the game by one
taking the ball and calling to the other, " high buck
or low doe," and throwing the ball in the air or on
the ground according to the answer. The struggles
were violent always, and the misdirected blows some-
times serious ; scalps were laid open, legs lamed, eyes
blacked, fingers and noses broken, shins skinned or
bruised. A hard shinny player was rarely without a
sore or limp or sprain somewhere. Though abandoned
long ago by the school-boys of the later generation,
partly from its violence and partly from the lack of
convenient room, shinny is still revived at the annual
reunions of the " Old Seminary Boys," who, if they
did not intend it, made it the ruling game of the
time forty odd years ago. And the bald-headed
grandfathers who play it now — the judges, gen-
erals, preachers, editors, doctors, legislators — some-
times exhibit a good deal of the skill they learned
before the " hard cider" campaign of 1840. The
history and condition of the schools will be treated
in a special division of the work. The purpose here
is merely to notice such incidental subjects connected
with the schools and pupils of early times as will
give the reader some idea of them beyond their
studies, and that could not be so readily introduced
into the body of a work dealing with public afiairs.
The reference to the occupations and diversions of
the school-boy of the first generation would be incom-
plete if it omitted an account of one almost universal
duty and one entirely universal diversion. Driving
cows to pasture and home was the duty, and swimming
was the amusement. A large portion of the donation
outside the old plat of the town was used as farm-
land and pastures, with no small share of the vacant
squares inside the town limits. For a trifle a cow-
owner, and that was pretty much everybody that had
a house and family, could rent one of these pastures,
keep a cow from straying, keep her well fed, and have
her handy whenever she was wanted. A boy any-
where from six to sixteen could drive her out in the
86
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
moroing after milking and back in the evening after
school. It was something for idle hands to do. Cow-
driving was a part of every Indianapolis boy's disci-
pline in early times. Of course he got fun out of it
as well in gathering nuts, chasing ground-squirrels,
or taking surreptitious swims. The chief " swimming-
holes" in the creek were Noble's and Morris', the
former on the property of Governor Noble, near Market
Street and the creek, the latter just south of the house
of Morris Morris on South Meridian Street. The spot
is now covered by the south side of the Union Depot.
In the river the larger boys made their favorite resort
at the "snag," near the site of Kingan's upper pork-
house. The " tumbles" of the canal, or rather of the
"race" from it into the river, one in the Military
Ground at the north end of the basin, the other at the
river, where it still remains close to the water-works,
were also favorite bathing-places. It is among the
amusing traditions of the adventures of the boys in
their indulgence of this diversion that one Sunday,
instead of decorously betaking themselves to Sunday-
school, a dozen or so slipped off to Morris' hole. James
Blake found it out, and mounted his horse, called his
colored man to follow him, and went down to the
" old swimming-hole." The darkey captured the
clothes unperceived, and gave them up suit at a time
as his master directed till all were dressed. Then the
old superintendent started the darkey ahead, kept the
frightened boys close together following, and brought
up the rear himself to prevent escapes. Thus the
delinquent procession marched up to the old Presby-
terian Church, on North Pennsylvania Street, and
the " hookey players" were forced to do proper Sun-
day duty. It was said that the stern old Puritan
even ventured to give some of them an occasional
clip with his whip as a reminder of their double sin
of running away from school and enjoying themselves
on Sunday.
James Blake was the son of James Blake who
came from Ireland in 1774, and lived to the age of
ninety-nine years, being among the earliest settlers of
York County, Pa., where his son was born March 3,
1791. He when a youth enlisted in the war of 1812,
and marched to Baltimore when that city was threat-
ened by the British forces, serving in the army until
the declaration of peace in 181.5. He then resumed his
trade of a wagoner, and drove a six-horse team between
Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. In November, 1818, he
started on horseback for the West, going as far as St.
Louis, and returning the following spring to complete
arrangements for a final removal thither. On the
25th of July, 1821, he settled at Indianapolis, where
he resided until his death. His history for fifty years
was the history of Indianapolis, and no citizen has
ever been more closely identified with the rise and
progress of the city and its philanthropic and benevo-
lent institutions than he. He, with Nicholas McCarty
and James M. Ray, nearly fifty years ago built the
first steam-mill in Indianapolis, and thus was the pio-
neer in the manufacturing which is now so vital an
element in the city's prosperity. As a surveyor, he
assisted in laying out and platting the city. He was
selected as commissioner to receive plans and proposals
for the old State-House. He was the first to urge
upon the Legislature the importance of establishing a
hospital for the insane, and opened a correspondence
with the Eastern States on the subject. To him was
intrusted the duty of selecting a location for that in-
stitution. He was an early friend and member of the
first board of directors of the Madison and Indianap-
olis Railroad, and was also director of the Lafayette
and Indianapolis Railroad. He was a trustee of
Hanover College, Indiana, and of the Miami Univer-
sity, of Oxford, Ohio, and at his death the Indiana
commissioner for the erection of the Gettysburg
Monument. For thirty-five years he was president
of the Indianapolis Benevolent Society, and present
at every anniversary with two exceptions. In 1847
he was the most liberal contributor to the relief of
starving Ireland. Mr. Blake was a prime mover in
the organization of the Indiana Branch of the Amer-
ican Colonization Society. He was the founder of
the Indianapolis Rolling-Mill, and embarked a large
part of his fortune in that undertaking, having also
started the first wholesale dry-goods house. On all pub-
lic occasions Mr. Blake was looked to as the leader and
manager of aff'airs. When the people of Indianapolis
assembled to pay a tribute of respect to a deceased
President, Governor, or other great man, Mr. Blake
was selected to conduct and manage the matter.
V/^/^^
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PIONEER LIFE.
87
When Kossuth, the distinguished HuDgarian, visited
iDdiana, when the soldiers returned from the Mexican
war, when the farmers came in with a procession of
wagons filled with food and supplies for soldiers' fami-
lies, when the Indiana soldiers came home from the
South, Mr. Blake was the marshal of the day, and no
public pageant seemed complete without him. His
whole life was crowned with useful labors. There
was, in fact, no enterprise or movement appealing to
public spirit in which Mr. Blake was not conspicuous,
constant, and efficient. He was among the first to
organize a Sunday-school in the city of Indianapolis,
and was ever foremost in this Christian work. For
thirty years his majestic form headed the long and
beautiful array of Sunday-school children in their
Fourth of July celebration. In the temperance
movement as in other matters he was a leader, and
his adhesion to the Democracy was first broken by
its conflict with his former adhesion to the cause of
temperance. He was the patriarch of his church,
admired and revered by all. In every relation of
life — as head of a family, leader of society, chief of
his church, or manager of business enterprises — he
was always foremost, always honored, equally for his
power and his disinterestedness. If Mr. Blake had
pursued his own advantage with half the zeal he de-
voted to the service of others and the good of the
city, he might easily have counted his wealth by mil-
lions. His ambition to become a useful citizen and a
public benefactor outweighed all other considerations.
He was not politically ambitious, and never held
public office other than that of county commissioner.
His desire for power never seemed to extend beyond
the command of a Sunday-school procession or the
presidency of a charitable meeting. The city of
Indianapolis lost in him a man of intrinsic worth and
a useful citizen, and the community a kind and sym-
pathizing friend. Mr. Blake was married in March,
1831, to Miss Eliza Sproule, of Baltimore, to whom
were born four children, — William McConnell, James
Ray, Walter Alexander (deceased), and John Gurley.
The death of James Blake occurred Nov. 26, 1870.
A prominent figure in the memories of most school-
boys of that day is Henry Hoagland, the idiot son of
a bricklayer of high respectability and good sense.
Henry was a mere animal, with no human sense and
hardly any human expression. He wandered harm-
lessly everywhere, bareheaded and barefooted, because
he preferred to be, carefully avoided by very small
children and carefully followed and incessantly tor-
mented by larger ones, who wanted to hear his queer
muddled oaths and gabble. Sometimes he was dan-
gerous when worried by his nimble persecutors too
far, and he frequently frightened women in his furious
moods and sometimes hurt the boys he caught. He
was kept at the " County Asylum" or " Poor-House"
for many years after it was put in condition for the
care of such inmates, but he frequently got away and
wandered into town. Another of later arrival and
pleasanter character was John D. Hopkins, who ap-
peared here first in the latter part of the second decade
of the settlement, bareheaded and barefooted, with a
Bible or hymn-book in his hand, and walking at a
brisk pace with a peculiar stifi"-kneed step along the
streets talking to himself. At times he would mount
a horse-block or a goods-box, sing a hymn of his own
making, and preach a wild, rambling sermon. Very
early among his visits here he brought with him a
number of sheet-copies of a song he called the " Good
Gathering," sung to an old camp-meeting tune. These
he sold, and he supported himself on such little gratui-
ties as the crowd that stopped to hear him sing or to
joke with him would give him. The song may be
judged by one couplet, —
'*Good gathering is sailing around, round, and rounds
Amidst many waters and hath no bounds;
Come join the good gathering army,"
the last a refrain to every couplet. During the po-
litical campaigns he changed from a preacher to a
stumper, and made speeches at five cents apiece on
any side the purchaser wished. He was said to have
entered the army during the civil war, and died there.
At all events he has not been seen here since, and had
not but rarely for some time before. He was believed
very generally to be careful of his money, and to have
bought a good farm with it. At least he was sober,
healthy, unusually robust, and when he chose to work
few could equal him. His wanderings appear to have
been the efi'ect of a sort of periodic mental disturb-
ance. Another well-known character of this period
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
was " Old Charley," a withered, weak-minded old
colored man, who was the first auction bell-ringer here.
There was nothing about him to make him noted but
the fact that everybody saw him oftener than anybody
else who was not in the family. His bent form, his
old plug hat with an auction-bill tied in front, his
noisy bell, traveling up and down Washington Street,
were as familiar to every man, woman, and child as
the court-house steeple. Dr. Cool, in his later years,
became a sort of public character in consequence of
his constant drunkenness. He came here in 1821,
an experienced and reputable physician, but bad
habits got the mastery of him, and in his last years
he was little better than a vagrant.
Joe Lawson, known to both the early and later
generation for his vagrancy, oddity, " dirt," and oc-
casional gleams of wit and sense, figured contempo-
raneously in part with Hopkins and Old Charley, but
not so conspicuously as later. He was the brother of
the wife of Dr. Soule, one of the earliest resident
dentists, and son of Bishop Soule, of Tennessee.
It was said Joe was always dirty, harmless, and good-
humored, too much crippled to work, and too much
indisposed if he had not been incapacitated. He
usually lived on the " crumbs" of hotel tables, and
wore any clothes that anybody gave him. No human
being in forty years or more has seen him clean and
decently dressed. He used to make great fun for the
boys and for members of the Legislature by singing
sentimental songs and reciting Shakespeare. He
lived at the County Asylum a long time, and was
then brought to the city, given a little shanty in
Blake's woods, and supported by contributions of old
residents. The last of the Indianapolis characters
was the late John Givan. He and his brother James
came here in 1820, in the fall or winter, opened one
of the earliest stores here, and were botli among the
most prominent and active citizens. John was one
of the half-dozen or more candidates for recorder at
the first county election in April, 1822. After the
death of his brother his business declined, and he be-
came a sort of " old junk" dealer near the court-
house. Then he quit all pretence of merchandising
and lived a loose, half-vagrant life, supporting him-
self mainly by little services for men occupying rooms
in connection with their offices, and by serving as
nurse to sick men who had no families or home.
The last four or five years were smoothed for him by
a provision made up by the Board of Trade and
other business men, of which a committee used to
clothe, house, and feed him comfortably. It was a
tribute to the remains of the oldest merchant in the
city and the remains of a once honorable and esti-
mable man. Liquor ruined him, but to the last his
memory was amazingly tenacious of dates and little
events of the early history of Indianapolis, and he
was always more than ready to tell them to anybody.
He died three or four years ago.
Among the early settlers were a good many from
the slave States of the class since widely known as
" poor whites," who brought here all the silly super-
stitions they had learned among the slaves at home.
A belief in witchcraft was the most conspicuous of
these, with a score of omens and portents and pro-
phetic dreams. Some of this class used to talk of a
widow by the name of Myers, whose husband had a
pottery where the Chamber of Commerce is, as a
witch and liaving bewitched the cows of several of
the neighbors whom she had a grudge against. The
persecuted cattle either gave no milk or gave bloody
milk, or the milk would not churn to any purpose, —
" the butter would not come," as they called it, — and
the calves died, or the cows had " hollow horn" or
the " tail-worm," all the efiect of witchcraft. No one
of the set seemed to think it possible the ailments
were the effect of natural causes. Some sort of
remedy was applied, partly of mild incantation and
partly of suitable medicine, but nobody ever learned
the composition of eitheT.
In one case the victim was a boy of a family by
the name of Catlin, or something like it, living on
the southeast corner of Alabama and Washington
Streets. Who tlie victimizing witch was does not
appear to have been known. The boy was ailing and
distressed, and witchcraft was finally decided to be
the source of the trouble, and Dr. John L. Rich-
mond, pastor of the Baptist Church as well as prac-
ticing physician, was applied to for an effective exor-
cism of the evil spirit. The old doctor was a good
deal of a wag as well as a shrewd, hard-headed man.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PIONEER LIFE.
89
aud he concluded that a remedy adapted to the faith
and brains of the family would be the best he could
use, so he arranged with one of his students, Mr.
Barrett, a brother of Mrs. Bolton, the Hoosier poet-
ess, to play the defeated and exorcised witch when
the proper ceremonies had been completed. He com-
pounded in the presence of the awe-struck family a
charm of magic power in the shape of a ball of cat's
hair, hog's lard, and a lot of other Macbeth remedies,
and after a proper incantation, with many flourishes
and ceremonies, threw the ball into the fire. The lard
blazed up at once, and as it burned out the lights
were put out, till at last all was dark, and then Bar-
rett, the witch, ran through the house sprinkling
beef blood as he went, to indicate that the witch's
blood had been spilt and her power was at an end.
The victim was cured at once, but was attacked again
in a week or two and another ceremony applied.
What the outcome was the legend does not relate.
The incident is worth preserving to show that the
negroes of the South who believe in voodoo and
fetish are not so much more ignorant than some of
the white ancestors of the city as we should like to
believe.
Among the fancies of this past generation was one
that if a boy killed a toad his father's cow would
give bloody milk ; if a man met a funeral procession,
and did not turn back and accompany it, the next
procession would be his own ; if a knife was dropped
from the table a visitor was coming ; if the nose
itched a visitor was likely to come ; if a dog howled
long at night a death was soon going to occur in the
house ; if a cat rubbed its face frequently the weather
was going to be dry ; if one pared his nails on Sun-
day he'd be made ashamed of something before the
end of the week ; if he killed a snake and left it
lying belly upward there would be rain before night ;
the first note of a dove in the spring would be heard
in the direction in which the hearer would travel
farthest that year ; a new moon lying flat on its
back portends a dry moon, because the water cannot
get out of the hollow of the crescent, but if it is
sloping or vertical the omen is of a wet month, be-
cause the hollow can be emptied, — this is an Indian
fancy ; water in which a gold coin has lain for some
hours is a remedy for scrofula ; abundance of dog-
fennel indicates a sickly season ; dreams were accepted
as •' signs,'' and " dream books" were no unusual
accompaniment of combs and brushes on a woman's
toilet table.
The Hoosier dialect has been frequently attempted
by authors of more or less pretension, but with no
great success. "The Hoosier Schoolmaster," though
written professedly as a picture of Hoosier life and
language, misses the latter sometimes as badly as an
Englishman misses the Yankee dialect. Our young
poet, James W. Riley, strikes it more fairly than
any other delineator, but some of its peculiarities,
or those of the people using it, which gave it a tone
and a turn of humor similar to that noticed in the
Lowland dialect of the Scotch, had measurably dis-
appeared before Mr. Riley was old enough to catch
it in its full-grown raciness and quaintness. If he
were twenty years older, we might expect from him
as perfect a picture of Hoosier backwoods life as we
have of the South in " Georgia Scenes" and " Simon
Suggs," or of Yankee land in the " Bigelow Papers."
The prevailing dialect of Indiana was that of the
South. The bulk of the first settlers were from
Kentucky or Tennessee or the Carolinas through
the older portions of this State, or of Ohio some-
times, sometimes by direct immigration. The East-
ern immigration was mostly modified into a Western
tone by a preceding residence in some part of the
West. Thus little of the Yankee got here in so
decided a form as to stay or afi'ect the conditions
around it. Correct pronunciation was positively
regarded by the Southern immigration as a mark of
aristocracy or, as they called it, " quality," and the
children in some cases discountenanced in acquiring
or using it. The " ing" in " evening" or " morning"
or any other words was softened into " in'," the full
sound being held finical and " stuck up." So it was
no unusual thing to hear such a comical string of
emasculated " nasals" as the question of a promi-
nent Indiana lawyer of the Kentucky " persuasion,"
" Where were you a standin' at the time of your
perceivin' of the hearin' of the firin' of the pistol ?"
Other mispronunciations went to the Hoosier shibbo-
leth, as tenaciously maintained as this. To " set"
90
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MAKION COUNTY.
■was the right way to " sit" ; an Indian did not
" scalp," he " skelped" ; a murderer did not " stab,"
he " stabbed" ; a child did not " long" for a thing, he
" honed" for it, — slang retains this Hoosier archaism ;
a woman was not " dull," she was " daunsy" ; com-
monly a gun was "shot" instead of ''fired" in all moods
and tenses. Indianapolis usually lost the first three
syllables and became " Nopolis." It took the life-
time of a generation to teach the country settler to
twist the " dia" of Indianapolis into the Yankee
" j" and make " Injenapolis" of it. Most of them
do not do it fully yet, and probably never will. One
good feature of the backwoods dialect was that it
had no euphemisms. There were no delicate names
for dirty things. If a woman's virtue was smirched
she was not a " courtesan," or even a " prostitute,"
the name was hard Saxon. A drunken man was not
" intoxicated," or " tight," or " full," or " slewed,"
or " screwed," he was plain drunk. It was an
honest dialect.
The race prejudices of the South were imported
with its dialect into the New Purchase in full vigor.
The colored man counted for little and claimed noth-
ing. The inborn tribal animosity of the time occa-
sionally broke out in riots, the only serious disturb-
ances of the peace ever known here till the outbreak
of the civil war. Probably the first exhibition of it
was the meanest, though the least violent. Cader
Carter, a quadroon, with the unmistakable eyes and
heavy features of his colored ancestors, was an un-
usually active politician of the Gen. Jackson school.
He lived in 1836 or thereabouts with Jesse Wright,
one of the leading Democrats of the county and at
one time one of the County Board. When Mr.
Wright was a candidate he was warmly opposed, and
Carter made himself conspicuously active for his patron.
The opposing party resolved to put Carter out of the
fight and the election by drawing his colored blood,
so to speak, and they proved bis African contamina-
tion beyond the legal limit, and the active and blatant
politician was silenced. The Whigs did that. When,
as heretofore noticed, the public works in this State
were abandoned in 1838-39, a large body of idle and
worthless men were left here to live as they could.
They soon made quarrels with the few colored resi-
dents here, and several times the)' attempted to mob
a family by the name of Overall, living on what was
then open ground a little east of the Military Ground,
between Market and Ohio Streets. The negroes de-
fended themselves with fire-arms, and the mob suc-
ceeded in doing nothing more than making an alarm
a few times. Not long after the completion of the
first Episcopalian Church in 1838, a young lady was
brought here from the East to play the organ. With
her came her sister, who married a colored man within
a few months after her arrival. The aflfair got wind
in some way, and a mob of unruly men and half-
grown boys, led by Josiah Simcox, surrounded the
house containing the bridal party and captured the
groom. The bride was not badly used, but the col-
ored offender was ridden on a rail (it is not believed
that he was tarred and feathered to any distressing
extent) and warned to leave, which he and his wife
did at once. In 18-15, some years beyond the limit
of the period to which this sketch of the social and
moral condition of the city and adjacent country re-
lates, but logically connected with the subject of race
prejudices, a negro by the name of John Tucker was
murdered by a mob, near the corner of Illinois and
Washington Streets, on the Fourth of July. As
usually happens in such cases, the least guilty of the
offenders was caught and punished, the worst escaped
and never returned. It may be noted here that the
leader of the mob in the miscegenation case never
dared to return to the town openly, though he did
secretly at times. The only other disturbance of the
public peace that originated in race prejudice oc-
curred at the election in 1875. One negro was
killed and one or two others hurt. The police were
mixed in it, and it was at least as much a political
as tribal difficulty. The colored citizens of Indianap-
olis have been in the main as orderly, respectable, and
industrious as any class of the population.
If the Southern immigrant brought his dialect and
race prejudices, the Eastern immigrant brought his
bigotry in no less fullness of fragrance, and made the
whole social structure redolent of it. Maj. Carter's
antipathy to the fiddle, as related in Mr. Nowland's
anecdote, was but a slight exaggeration of the feeling
1 of a large element of the community. Social pleas-
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PIONEER LIFE.
91
ures, pleasant games, dances were discountenanced
as downright immoral or tending in that direction.
It is only within the last two decades that dances at
private houses have been conceded a reputable char-
acter not inconsistent with religious duty. Many a
gay young soul has been '• hauled over the coals" by
elders and pastors for dancing, and it is barely twenty-
five years since the Widows' and Orphans' Society
squarely refused a benefit tendered it by Mr. Sher-
lock, of the old Metropolitan Theatre, soon after its
opening, in the fall of 1858. The society needed
money badly, and had been begging for contributions.
The benefit would have given it full five hundred
dollars. But the Puritanical exacerbations that came
in the early settlement of the place condemned the
theatre as immoral, and would have none of its avails.
The male advisers of the female directors so decided,
and so it was done. It did not occur to them that
Christ never asked the young man to whom he said,
" Go sell that thou hast and give to the poor,"
whether his father had made his money by selling
rotten olives in Tyre or charging Pompey's soldiers
five prices for wheat. As long as he came by it
fairly and could use it for good, it was to be used for
good. Ten years afterwards this same society sup-
ported and conducted an amateur dramatic exhibition
of regular stage comedies to raise money it needed,
showing what a change in public sentiment had been
made in the period including the war and a few years
of peace at either end of it. Now social dances are
as common as social conversations. Clubs for diver-
sion or instruction are to be counted by scores. Dra-
matic societies, operatic associations, masquerades,
fancy dress balls, and all manner of forbidden delights
are held as innocent as the old-time " singing-school"
and " quilting" or " corn-shucking."
Among the notable exhibitions of religious zeal in
the latter part of the period covered by this sketch
were public debates on points of sectarian theology.
Challenges were issued by denominational " sluggers"
in the very spirit of a challenge to Hanlon for a
rowing match or to SchaflFer for a game of billiards,
except that there was no "stake" and no "gate-
money." They were really an opportunity for a little
personal parade, and that was no doubt the frequent
motive of them, though the parties persuaded them-
selves they were doing the Lord's service therein.
Probably nobody was ever converted by such discus-
sions, except from a moderate into a bigoted sectarian.
The old denominations were not forward in these
demonstrations. They took the defensive against the
attacks of recent organizations like the " Disciples,"
as they were then called, now the " Christians," and
by nickname always " Campbellites," and the Univer-
salists. It was as common to see challenges from
noted debaters of those denominations in their de-
nominational papers as it is to see boxing or rowing
challenges now in sporting papers. The first one was
held in the early part of 1830, beginning January
21st, on the subject of " Eternal Punishment," be-
tween Rev. Edwin Ray, a distinguished pioneer Meth-
odist preacher, and Rev. Jonathan Kidwell, a Uni-
versalist. Probably the most noted of these debates
occurred in 1838, between Rev. John O'Kane, a dis-
tinguished evangelist of the " Disciples," and Rev.
Mr. Haines, a Baptist at Belleville, Hendricks Co.
Several have been held in the city the last ten or a
dozen years ago between President Burgess, of But-
ler University, and ReV. W. W. Curry, the one a
" Christian," the other a Universalist. One day in
1840, while the excitement of the " log cabin and
hard cider" campaign was at its height and had filled
" Main Street" — as Washington Street was then
called — with a big Whig procession and the attendant
crowd, Mr. O'Kane and Henry Ward Beecher met
on the corner where the Palmer House (now Occi-
dental) was in course of erection, and good-humoredly
discussed polities during the passing of the procession,
but getting upon more familiar ground when it had
passed, talked of religious matters, and Mr. O'Kane
said, "Suppose we have a debate on it." "No,"
said Mr. Beecher, laughing ; " you'd use me up, and
I can't afford to be demolished so young." It is
worth noting that certain preachers of that early day
were noted revivalists, as Moody and Sankey and Mr.
Harrison are now. Edwin Ray, father of John W.
Ray, of this city, and brother-in-law of Mr. Nowland,
was one of these; John Strange was another, both
Methodists. John L. Jones, a Baptist, and later a
Christian, and James McVey, also a Christian, were
92
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
widely known for their persuasive powers or " exhor-
tations." They were all men of rare native eloquence,
like Wirt's Blind Preacher, and like him almost un-
known outside of the denominations that cherished
and admired them. Lorenzo Dow, who preached here
in 1827, and was once a national notoriety, was merely
an oddity of no great force of any kind except in his
legs, — he traveled well.
It is not improbable that the severity of religious
opinion held by the professedly religious settlers may
have reacted upon the portion less rigidly trained and
made them, externally at least, more indifferent than
they would have been. At all events, among a con-
siderable section of the Southern immigration dis-
paraging or even scandalous jokes on preachers and
prominent church members were no unusual enter-
tainment of social or accidental gatherings. Some
parodies of camp-meeting songs and occasional popu-
lar phrases, now forgotten, also indicated this re-
pellance of overstrained discipline and harsh judg-
ment. The nickname of Rev. James Havens, " Old
Sorrel," came in this way. The " experience" of
" Uncle Jimmy Hittleman," an enthusiastic but illit-
erate Methodist, of genuine piety, was a frequent
theme of joke and coarse parody. A favorite revival
song was made to read, —
" I went behind a stump to pray,
Glory hallelujah !
The devil came and scared me away,
Glory hallelujah !
Oh, Zion hallelujah !"
Popular phrases and proverbial sayings were some-
times framed from this sentiment of antagonism to
ironclad religious feeling. One man was said to
" pray his congregation to hell and back." A
preacher of an orthodox sect once boasted that the
members of his church could be found " all the way
from heaven to hell." " Yes," retorted a heterodox
adherent of another denomination, " and the nearer
hell the thicker you'll find them." " Grace was said
when the hog was shot" was a common announce-
ment at the beginning of a dinner to put aside for-
malities.
Until the Washingtonian temperance movement
reached here, along in 1840 or 1841, under the lead
of a Mr. Matthews, the use of liquor was hardly less
general or habitual than the use of coffee. Nowa-
days the exceptional man of good social position is
the man who drinks publicly. In the early days
under consideration the exceptional man was the
man that would not drink anywhere, publicly or
privately, though excess was rarer then than now.
Liquor at social gatherings of the most respectable
settlers was quite regular and in good taste, if the
liquor was good. It was not esteemed a solecism of
even clerical conduct for a minister to " take some-
thing." Whiskey with tansy was considered a good
general prophylactic, or, as Gen. S. F. Gary used to
say, he was told by his father " it was good for
worms" in children, and for almost anything in
adults. Dogwood bark and prickly ash made a good
medicine for the chills, or the whiskey they were
soaked in. Though excess was not common, it was
not considered so disreputable as now. A strictly
temperance beverage, antedating lemonade and "pop,"
though very like the latter, was " spruce beer." It
was largely consumed with the " gingerbread" of the
period, cut in fipenny-bit squares called " quarter
sections." This luxury was so great a favorite as to
be very generally called " Hoosier bait." Spruce
beer was not unfrequently made in households and
consumed by the family like milk or coffee, youth-
em settlers, accustomed to " persimmon beer," were
the chief or only home manufacturers. " Mead"
and " metheglin" were occasionally made of honey,
but at home usually. Whiskey was different. Among
the very first manufactured products of the settle-
ment, as early probably as the removal of the capital,
was whiskey distilled at the little establishment on
the bayou, near the site of the Nordyke & Marmon
Machine- Works, and called " Bayou Blue." It could
not have been of a very high quality, but it was cheap
and plenty, with occasional reinforcements brought
by keel-boats " cordeled" up the river. Whiskey
and gunpowder were the leading articles of importa-
tion for a good while. In 1828 a temperance society
was formed here, but it does not appear that any
public or concerted effort was made to arrest drink-
ing, though the very existence of such an association
among the best class of citizens would have some
DISEASES ONCE PREVALENT.
93
good eflFect. A change in society sentiment may
have begun with this society, but it grew with the
Washingtonian movement, and has grown steadily
wider and stronger, till to-day the reversal of condi-
tions of the use of liquor is complete. The senti-
ment against it is as general and fixed as it was for it
in early times.
The reports of the Board of Health show that the
death-rate of Indianapolis is smaller than that of
most cities of any considerable size, and lower than
that of Philadelphia, which is the healthiest large
city iu the world. But, as already related, the first
years of the settlement were disastrously unhealthy,
and ill-repute of the place repelled settlement and de-
layed improvement so greatly that it would hardly be
too much to say that the ague had shaken the town
out of five years' growth. The change has come
slowly. The " sickly season" thirty years ago was
as definite a dread as Indian summer is a pleasurable
anticipation. There were plenty of old residents who
expected the chills just as the victim of hay-fever
expects his annual swelled nose and watery eyes.
How this change has come, what influences have
worked towards it, will be best exhibited in a paper
read to the Medical Society of this county by Mr.
George W. Sloan, of Browning & Sloan, late presi-
dent of the National Pharmaceutical Association.
" Those who have been engaged in the practice of
medicine for fifteen or twenty years or longer have
noticed a material change in many of the forms of
disease incident to this locality, and especially a dim-
inution in the amount of those forms commonly
known as bilious fever and fever and ague. In the
first place, it should be remembered that this State
was for the most part den.sely timbered, and this was
supplemented by a thick matting of underbrush.
These combined influences protected the surface from
the direct rays of the sun, hence there was but little
chance for rapid evaporation. The result was a thick
slimy ooze, which was kept renewed by each rain
during the early summer months. This condition ex-
tended over a large portion of this and adjoining
States, especially in the valleys formed by the various
water-courses. We there have with the addition of
heat the proper conditions for decay and the con-
sequent production of noxious gases incident thereto,
which gases during the early summer are absorbed by
the tender succulent leaves of the plants and trees.
But as the summer advances these leaves become
hardened by the heat and continued dryness of the
later summer, and their power of absorption is very
much lessened. Hence the above-mentioned products
of decomposition were given ofi" into the atmosphere
from an extended surface of country, and the conse-
quent result was a poisonous air. In addition, the
people, or at least a large portion of them, lived in
poorly-constructed houses, often built of logs, with
the floor resting upon the ground, and were compelled
to breathe air tainted with decaying woody matter.
Frequently the same apartment was used for the pur-
poses of cooking, eating, and sleeping, while the food
was often the same articles three times a day, — pork in ' i^V^
some form, corn-bread, and coffee. It would be diflS-
cult to name three articles more difficult of digestion.
The water was often of poor quality, owing in many
cases to shallowness of the wells, and no care being
taken to protect them from surface pollution.
" From the foregoing statement of the condition of
things within a few years past, in which we have an
unwholesome atmosphere to breathe, poor and un-
healthy homes to live in, indigestible food to eat, and
polluted water to drink, is it to be wondered at that
sickness was rife ? It is within the memory of many
that the sick were more numerous than the well, when
the fall sickness was as confidently expected (and the
people were rarely disappointed) and prepared for as
was the winter. These were the influences that made
Indiana known as the home of fever and ague, and
the times when one of our drug-houses could spring
the price of quinine by simply telegraphing an order
to the Eastern market for one or two thousand ounces
of that staple. This State was also the paradise of
the patent medicine men who made liver pills and ague
remedies.
" This condition has very materially changed within
a few years, consequent upon a clearing off of the tim-
ber, the ditching and draining of the swamps, and tile
draining of the surface of the country. This, together
with the replacing of the cabins with good brick or
frame dwellings, with cellars, plastered walls, separate
94
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
apartments for living, eating, and sleeping, an abund-
ance of the best of food, pure air, and good water has
done the work. To this also may be added an improve-
ment in the manner of clothing. It is not many years
since the use of woolen underclothing was the exception,
while overcoats, especially for children, were almost
unknown. Now all, both young and old, are clad with
warm underwear, and in addition a majority are sup-
plied with water-proof garments which protect them
from the dampness. These have removed the causes
from which a great deal of the bilious type of disease
was derived.
" Again, another effect of the drying of the surface
has been to more nearly equalize the temperature of
the days and nights. As the low, swampy morasses
did not contain water of sufficient depth to retain an
adequate amount of heat to radiate during the night,
the consequence was, when the heat of day was past,
condensation began almost simultaneously with the
setting of the sun, the result being hot days and cool
nights. To this latter course many thinking minds
have attributed the so-called malarious disturbance.
Nevertheless, my mind clings to the former, and as
an additional argument in its favor will cite what
frequently happens in the spring of the year, especi-
ally in our cities, after a severe winter. The remnants
of the last year's vegetation, with the droppings from
domestic animals, together with the usual amount of
kitchen refuse that finds its way into our streets and
alleys, have accumulated during the winter months.
This has been held solid, as it were, by the ice and
snow until perhaps the last of March, at which time
the sun is high and its power great. The result is
that almost at once this mass of matter begins the
process of decomposition under the combined influ-
ence of heat and moisture. This period of the year
is fruitful of neuralgia, rheumatism, and other
diseases that are attributed to a malarious cause,
and this condition lasts until the fresh leaves put
forth upon the trees and the green grass appears,
when almost within the space of a week the major
part of the sickness disappears, and then ensues the
most healthful portion of the year, the season when
the vegetation is fresh and its absorbing power
greatest."
Although the indigenous diseases were the chief
dread of the settlers, they were not free from alarms
of epidemics. On the 17th of May a colored woman
by the name of Overall was found to have the small-
pox, and a panic ensued. A public meeting was called
and a Board of Health formed of all the leading
physicians of the place, — Drs. Samuel G. Mitchell,
Isaac Cox, Livingston Dunlap, John H. Sanders, John
E. McClure, Charles McDougal, John L. Mothershead,
and William Tichnor. They were authorized to take
any measures they deemed necessary to arrest the dis-
ease. Nothing was done, however, as no other case
made its appearance. In June, 1833, a case or two
that were supposed to be cholera excited alarm. The
churches appointed and kept the 26th as a fast-day.
The fatal prevalence of the epidemic in the southern
part of the State, especially in Salem, Washington
Co., renewed the fear here that had been allayed
by its disappearance, and a public meeting was held
in the court-house on the 17th of July, a thousand
dollars contributed by the citizens for sanitary pur-
poses, a Board of Health appointed, consisting of five
doctors and five citizens, sanitary committees appointed
in each ward, medicines obtained, and the Governor's
house, in the Circle, fixed upon as the hospital, with
Dr. John E. McClure as superintendent. Better pro-
vision for a possible calamity was apparently made in
that emergency fifty years ago than was made after-
wards, except in the provision of the City Hospital.
The city has been unusually free from fatal epidemics,
the smallpox being the only one that has appeared,
and it has never become epidemic here.
During all this early period of the history of the
city and county the primitive habits and conditions
of the settlement were but little changed, though
changes were on the way and at work in scattered
influences both in the family, school, and church, and
social and business conditions. The universal brother-
hood of the days when there were no streets, or they
were full of stumps and mud-holes, with cow-paths
for sidewalks and worm-fences for borders, was giving
way to the inevitable separation into classes and
coteries. " Stores" were dropping one and another
article or class of the miscellaneous stock they had
been keeping and approaching the specialties of city
CURRENCY AND MANUFACTURES.
95
establishments. They were leaving sugar and coflFee
to grocery-stores, abandoning liquor altogether, con-
fining themselves more exclusively to dry-goods,
and putting away their red-flannel door-signs as un-
becoming their maturer years. Barter was passing
away before the advance of cash, and the supply of
home necessities trusted less and less to the foresight
of the head of the fiimily. The winter's supply of
meat, which for years had been contracted for during
the fall with one or another farmer and cut up and
cured at home, was gradually coming more and more
largely from the butcher as the day's needs required.
cious but liberal management was a great help to the
early growth of Indianapolis and the region of which
it was the centre and depot. When the crash of
1837 was followed by the " hard times" of 1839 to
1845, the State Bank's money was all the people
had that they could trust. The State itself issued
" scrip" or " treasury notes" receivable for taxes, and
at first bearing six per cent, interest, but with all
these advantages the money was discredited. It
passed with difiiculty at par here, and would not pass
at all in Cincinnati, or only at a ruinous discount of
fifty per cent, or more. This was a grievous embar-
WAGON TBAIN ON NATIONAL ROAD.
Home-made sugar was giving place to " Orleans," but
no backwoods boy or man alive or that ever lived
will substitute " Orleans" molas.ses for " home-made."
"Store tea" was supplanting "spice-bush" and sassa-
fras without being better or half as pure. Custom
shops were sometimes encouraged to manufacture
a little for stock and the chance of a market. The
new State Bank, with its branches at the principal
points of the State, furnished an excellent though
by no means abundant currency, and by loans to
enterprising men encouraged such industries as were
adapted to the condition of the country. Its judi-
rassment, and largely neutralized the benefit the Legis-
lature hoped to find in thus " inflating" the currency.
Some few who were wise in their day made money
of the situation. They would go to Cincinnati with
State Bank money or specie and buy State six per
cent, scrip for fifty or even forty cents on the dollar.
At home it was good in trade, would buy anything
or pay any debt, though not always to the pleasure of
the creditor or seller. Others who could afford it
hoarded it for the interest and found their account in
it. One of the Supreme Court, who was one of the
least expensive men in the world, took his salary in
96
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
" scrip" and saved it. By the time the State re-
deemed it the accumulation of interest nearly equaled
the principal. These financial incidents, though re-
mote from the first settlement of the city, are still
more remote from the present time, and will serve to
illustrate to the present generation a condition of
things that will never come again. A previous issue
of treasury notes had been made shortly after the
State's admission into the Union, and, though re-
ceivable for taxes, were considerably depreciated, and
in consequence embarrassed the purchasers of town
lots seriously.
During the continuance of the " hard times,"
from 1839 to 1845, interstate emigration did little
for Indiana or the New Purchase. The " repudiation
of the State debt," as it was oflen called, — the failure
to pay interest on the bonds of 1836, — had a bad
effect on the hunters of new homes, and they passed
through the State to Illinois and Missouri and Iowa.
The National road, incomplete as it was, afforded so
much better a route than others that it was largely
used by emigrants. Long trains of wagons passed
every day from sun-up till sun-down, sometimes in
long procession, sometimes in groups, rarely singly.
There were four-, three-, and two-horse wagons, cov-
ered sometimes with canvas, sometimes with bed-
quilts, with chairs tied about the " end gate," a tar-
bucket swinging to the coupling pole, a dog hitched
to the hind axle, tow-headed children stuck about
among feather-beds and bureaus in front, a sturdy
man on foot driving, and as sturdy a woman trudg-
ing by his side with a baby in her arms, and the older
children following with the cows and sheep. Thus
came to their new homes many a man who has dis-
tinguished himself at the bar, in the pulpit, in the
school, in the doctor's office, in legislation, on the
bench, on the battle-field.
" And buirdly ohiels and clever hizzies
Are bred in sic a way as this is"
in the backwoods to this day occasionally, but the
land was full of them at the time referred to.
CHAPTERV.
Second Period— The Capital in the Woods.
The second period of the history of Indianapolis
is broken by conspicuous events into three divisions
of nearly equal length, — first, from the removal of
the capital to the incorporation of the town in 1832 ;
second, from that event to the abandonment of the
public works in 1839; third, from that time to 1847,
when the impulse of improvement ran ahead of the
opening of the first railroad. The whole period was
so uneventful, and in the main so unpromising (except
during the unfortunate real estate inflation that accom-
panied the " Internal Improvement System"), that it
can be treated more intelligibly by associating its
events in logical rather than chronological connection.
The removal of the State capital to Indianapolis
produced two beneficial changes. It improved the
tone of society by a large annual admixture of the
best intelligence of the State. The meeting of the
Legislature was for nearly a generation the great
event of the year. The members came usually on
horseback, with the now-forgotten "leggings" and
" saddle-bags." In later days such as were on stage
lines had the aristocratic privilege of riding. It was .
not till 1852 that they began to come mainly on rail-
ways, and to be regarded as of little more consequence
than other men. The hotels were all " taverns" for
many a year, and the modes of life as simple and
primitive as they were in any country town. Farmers
came in with their families to see the Legislature.
Visitors from other parts of the State, besides those
with " axes to grind," came often, and it was long
before even the townspeople lost their curiosity to see
its proceedings. There were strong men among the
legislators of the State in those days. The pay was a
trifle, and a trifling man could not afford to take such
a place. It was usually a man who was needed by
the interests of his locality or a man of conscious
ability who took a place in one house or the other as
his first step in the ladder. Elections were rarely
riotous and never corrupt, though electioneering then
no more disdained mean arts and artifices than now.
There was no money to buy votes, the consequence
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
97
was a better class of men, in the average, than do
the law-making now. Moreover, most, if not all,
of them were immigrants, with the push and persist-
ence of men who have enterprise enough to go from
home to seek fortune, and brains enough to take ad-
vantage of the chances that oflFer. In a little town
numbering but a hundred families the preceding
spring, and probably not more than six hundred
inhabitants when the first legislative session was held
here, the advent and free association of such a body
of men could not but be improving.
The other benefit following the change of the cap-
ital was the improvement in the material prospects of
the village. With no immediate or decided change,
there was a confidence of prosperity that held up the
courage of the settlers against the terrors of annual
chills. The fulfillment of this promise was long in
coming. It took twenty years to bring the first evi-
dences of probable prosperity and progress beyond a
country town.
The Legislature was always ready to do all that
might be properly done to help the place, and fre-
quently stepped in with relief laws for the embarrassed
purchasers of town lots. At its second session here,
on the 20th of January, 1826, it came to the relief
of the ague-shaken debtors who could not pay the
deferred installments of the purchase-money of their
lots and extended the time for payment, and allowed
the cash payments on lots that the holders could not
keep and wanted to surrender to go upon the lots that
were kept, thus wiping out in a large measure an
indebtedness that would finally have proved ruinous.
The condition of things urging this action is clearly
set forth in a little article in the Journal of Dec. 15,
1825, about a month before the bill was passed.
After remarking that a bill to consolidate payments on
lots would be introduced in a few days, the Journal —
it had then borne this name less than a year — said,
" Many circumstances combined to make lots sell for
more than they were worth. At the time of the sale
treasury paper, with which payments were authorized
to be made, was plenty and at a considerable discount.
Now payments which were expected to be made in
depreciated paper, and in consequence of which lots
sold very high, have to be made in specie or its
7
equivalent. Many persons also paid enormous prices
for lots contiguous to the State-House Square, under
a belief that a State-House would be speedily erected,
and that their property would consequently rise in
value. We hope the Legislature will give this sub-
ject due attention, and if they do not see the propriety
of the measure suggested they will probably agree to
extend the time of making payments." The Legis-
lature did both. It was wiser than its latter-day suc-
cessors, and took the suggestions of the press with
becoming alacrity and deference. There is a consid-
erable ray of light let in upon the condition of things
in the first year of the new capital by this little ex-
position. The donation outside of the town plat was
partly sold by an act of Jan. 24, 1824, when eighty
acres were laid off in four-acre blocks, — -the size of the
city squares, — and sold on the 25th of January, 1825,
by auction, the highest bringing one hundred and
fifty-five dollars, the lowest sixty-three dollars. On
the 12th of February of the first session here, in 1825,
an act was passed ordering twenty more four-acre out-
blocks to be laid off north and south of those pre-
viously sold, — they were on the north and south sides
of the city, thus making a double tier on those two
sides, — and sold on the 2d of May. The same act
ordered the sale of the reserved lots on Washington
Street, the clearing of Pogue's Run Valley at an
expense not to exceed fifty dollars, and the lease of
the ferry at the foot of Washington Street for five
years. The second series of out-blocks brought four-
teen hundred and sixty-seven dollars, or about eighteen
dollars an acre. The Washington Street reserved lots,
even under the elevating influence of the possession
of the State capital, did not approach the figures of
the first sale nearly four years before. The highest
brought three hundred and sixty dollars, the lowest
one hundred and thirty-four dollars. An aggregate
of street frontage equal to three squares brought but
three thousand three hundred and twenty-eight dol-
lars.
The relief act for embarrassed lot-holders had the
effect of concentrating the settlement in the centre of
the town plat, along Washington Street, as heretofore
noted. The court-house and State capitol in one was
east of a central line, and the taverns and business
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
houses were gathering upon that direction. So the
lot-holders who wished to surrender any of their pur-
chases gave up those nearest the river, and applied the
money paid upon them to lots farther east which they
wished to keep. This tendency away from the river
continued till the " internal improvement" impulse
became so strong as to force the great " improvement
system" through the Legislature of 1836. Antici-
pating this a real estate speculation took wing in 1835,
and from that time till the panic of 1837 got this far
west the course of development was westward towards
the line of the canal on Missouri Street, where ware-
houses were to grow thick and mills wake the echoes
all night long. When this westward bulge was broken
by the hard times the town's business settled down
hopelessly on the two sides of Washington Street from
Delaware to Illinois, while the residences spread about
two blocks farther east and west, and only in widely-
scattered clumps or single houses got as far north as
North Street or as far south as South Street. In
February of 1826 a local census showed a population
of but seven hundred and sixty, with a Sunday-school
attendance of one hundred and sixty-one, — a very large
and healthy disproportion.
For convenience and coherence, all the legislation
of the State directly affecting the town, during the
interval from the change of capital to the first incor-
poration, may be thrown together in this connection.
The first act was on the 26th of January, 1827, or-
dering the State's agent to survey and sell seven
acres on the river for a site for a steam-mill. The
company that bought it at a mere nominal price was in-
corporated a year later, on the 28th of January, 1828,
and was mainly composed of the oldest and most
prominent citizens, — Nicholas McCarty, James Blake,
James M. Ray, Daniel Yandes, Noah Noble, William
Sanders. This steam-mill, which stood till 1853 very
near the east end of the old National road bridge,
was the first manufacturing enterprise in the history
of the place, and on that account may be particularly
noted here. The Legislature favored it to an extent
that would be tolerated for no enterprise now. On
the 6th of January, 1831, the company was given
the right to extend the time of completing the mill
another year, and next day were given authority to
cut any timber they needed on any of the lots held
by the State. With good transportation facilities
this grant alone would have been a nice little fortune.
The mill was a very large frame, three stories high,
with a two-story attic, so solidly put together by a
noted workman of the time, James Griswold, that
after thirty years of neglect, abuse, and total aban-
donment, it was" as strong when it was burned as it
was the day it was erected. The western and smaller
and lower division was a saw-mill, the lower part of
the main building a grist-mill, and the upper stories
a wool-carding mill. The machinery was brought
here from Cincinnati, partly by wagon and partly,
some say, by the first and only steamer that ever
came so high up White River. The building was
finished in December, 1831. The saw-mill, a less
formidable structure, was finished and at work the
fall before. The grist-mill began. operations in Jan-
uary, 1832, for the first time since the settlement of
the " New Purchase," giving its customers bolted
flour. Previously flour, like corn-meal, had to be
sifted at home. For over two years the establish-
ment was maintained in an inefi'gctive way, fre-
quently idle and never remunerative, and was finally
abandoned in 1835 and the machinery offered for
sale. For a number of years, however, portions of
the saw-mill works were left for idle boys to abuse or
break up and sell for old iron, and the building was
made the haunt of thieves and strumpets, except
during the occupancy of the Messrs. Geisendorfi' with
their woolen-factory, from 1847 to 1852. The enter-
prise was too big for the place. It could supply a
home demand treble that to which it could look for
business, and beyond that it could do nothing.
The cost of getting flour to the Ohio River or any
shipping market would have been as much as the cost
of the flour itself It is among the traditions of this
first enterprise and failure that it took a hundred
men two days to raise the frame- work, and that they
used no liquor in the labor. The singularity of this
abstinence no doubt gave life to the legend. Liquor
at a " house-raising" or " log-rolling" or " corn-shuck-
ing" or any of the co-operative labors or neighborhood
frolics was as indispensable as food or Rouse's or
I Bagwell's fiddle, though, as previously noted, mis-
^ffl^i^^^L^r^i
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
99
chievous excesses were far less frequent than now.
Three of the men conspicuously connected with this
enterprise were quite as conspicuously connected
with the whole history of the earliest development
of the city's industrial and commercial interests.
These were Nicholas McCarty, Daniel Yandes, and
James Blake. Others, like Calvin Fletcher, Morris
Morris, Hervey Bates, and James M. Ray, were as
closely identified with the general progress of the
city, but less so with the special interests indicated.
Mr. McCarty and Mr. Yandes were the chief capital-
ists, so far as can now be learned. The former .stands
as the representative of the commercial as the latter
and Mr. Blake of the manufacturing development of
the city. Though Mr. McCarty was behind neither
of his compeers of their own special direction, he is
best known as the leading merchant of Central
Indiana.
Nicholas McCarty was born on the 26th of
September, 1795, in the town of Moorefield, Harding
Co., W. Va., among the Alleghanies. His father
dying when he was very young, his mother removed
to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he remained until he
was well advanced toward manhood, with little
opportunity for early school education. While still
under twenty he left Pittsburgh for Newark, Ohio,
where as a boy he won the favor of BIr. Bucking-
ham, then one of the leading merchants of Ohio, by
the sterling qualities that in later years won him the
respect of every honorable man to whom he was
known. He speedily made himself master of the
mercantile business, so far as it was developed within
his range, and Mr. Buckingham made him superin-
tendent of one of his branch houses near Newark.
His success was as speedy and conspicuous here as in
a lower position, and in a few years he had acquired
both the experience and the means to begin business
for himself. His trade was large and prosperous
from the beginning. Here his career gives the key-
note of his character, — a sensitiveness of honor that
feels a reproach like a stab, a strength of gratitude
that counts no sacrifice a loss in returning the good-
will he has received. Finding that his business was
growing at the expense of his benefactor's, when he
had counted confidently on a sufficiency for both, he
sold out and came from Newark to Indianapolis in the
fall of 1823, at twenty-eight years of age.
He established himself in a building on the south-
west corner of Washington and Pennsylvania Streets,
known for thirty years as " McCarty's Corner," and
south of this building some years later built an im-
posing brick residence, the home of the family for
many years. He was the first merchant educated to
business who conducted it systematically. He began
in a larger way, too, than others, and his success was
proportional. He established branch stores in Laporte,
Greenfield, Covington, Cumberland, and Waverly, and
trained several young men afterwards conspicuous in
the business of the city or State, imbuing them all
with his own scrupulous and resolute integrity. It
was reserved for the great crisis of his hfe to exhibit
his best qualities at their best. When the panic of
1837 and the subsequent hard times had made his
great resources, largely in real estate, unavailable, he
became involved, and made a settlement with his
creditors upon such terms as to enable them to
realize more than the principal and interest of his
obligations.
James Blake had come to Indianapolis in 1821,
under the advice of some Philadelphia friends, with
an eye to the preparation of ginseng — a profuse
growth of the woods all about the settlement at that
time — for shipment from Philadelphia to China,
where it sells at high figures, and its use is universal
now, as it was then. He established a drying and
purifying apparatus in a little house south of the
creek, on the present East Delaware Street, and Mr.
McCarty here, and by his agents at his branch stores
and elsewhere, collected the roots from farmers and
their families, who frequently helped out a short corn
crop with what they called " sang." A little hoe
was made especially for this use called a " sang-hoe,"
obsolete for forty-five years or more. The extent of
his business in a little place of less than two thousand
people may be judged by the fact that the freezing of
the Ohio in 1829 compelled him to haul in wagons
his entire season's stock from Philadelphia, requiring
sixteen six-horse Conestoga wagons to do it. The
freight of ginseng back made the audacious enterprise
profitable, — an illustration of his business perception
100
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and prompt decision, for the cold snap froze the Ohio
just as his goods reached Pittsburgh to take steam
passage to Madison. Besides his ordinary mercantile
business, he took large contracts for Indian supplies,
and made himself quite familiar with the dialects of
two or three of the tribes on the " Miami Reserva-
tion."
His enterprise appeared repeatedly in attempts to
introduce new industries or develop new resources.
He was largely interested in the eflFort to establish
silk-growing about 1835, and went with character-
istic energy into the planting of the Morus mvlti-
eaulis. A few years later (about 18-40) he began
one of the most important enterprises of his life,
though the distress of the country was too great and
general to permit it the success it would probably
have achieved a half-dozen years later. This was
the cultivation and manufacture of hemp on his
" bayou farm," now " West Indianapolis," where are
located the "stock-yards," "car-works," and other
improvements. The fibre was rotted, broken, and
cleaned in vats and mills on the bluflF bank of the
creek just below the present line of Ray Street at
Church, Carloss, and Wilkins Streets. Proving un-
profitable, the enterprise was abandoned in two or
three years.
Mr. McCarty's personal popularity was so great
that the Whigs, who had been placed under the
cloud of "hard times" from 1843 onward, thought
it possible to save a seat in Congress by him, and ran
him against Judge Wick in 1847. It was his first
experience as a politician, but his native shrewdness
served him better than many an older politician's
more devious ways. He made no pretence of oratory,
and for that reason made a stronger impression by his
solid sense and effective humor than his opponent,
who was really an unusually good speaker when he
chose to be. But the Whigs were not strong enough
to win even with a man stronger than the party. A
few years later he ran for the State Senate in the
county and was elected, serving three years, the last
three under the old Constitution. In 1852, much
against his inclination, he was unanimously nomi-
nated by the dying Whig party for the first guber-
natorial term under the new Constitution. He made
an admirable canvass against Governor Joseph A.
Wright, one of the best " stumpers" in the United
States, and by familiarity with public speaking had
become a ready, perspicuous, and forcible speaker.
The Democrats, however, being greatly in the ma-
jority, he was defeated.
He was married in Boone County, Ky., July
27, 1828, to Margaret, daughter of Rev. Jameson
Hawkins, one of the earliest of the Baptist preachers
of the county, and died May 17, 1854, in his fifty-
ninth year. Three children survive him, — Margaret,
(Mrs. John C. S. Harrison), Nicholas, and Francis J.
Susannah, the eldest daughter, and wife of Rev.
Henry Day, many years pastor of the First Baptist
Church, died sevel-al years ago. Mr. McCarty was
an example of Christian purity, integrity, and char-
ity during his whole life. He was generous " as the
day," tolerant of offenses that affected only himself,
peaceable, frank, and honorable. No man that ever
lived in the city was more sincerely or generally
loved and honored, and certainly none ever deserved
it better. He was always prompt in his aid of be-
nevolent efforts, and one of the most active in urging
the organization of the Orphans' Home. A meeting
of the citizens held on the occasion of his death
adopted the following resolution, prepared by a com-
mittee consisting of James M. Ray, Robert Hahna,
Bethuel F. Morris, Calvin Fletcher, John D. De-
frees, John M. Talbott, and Nathan B. Palmer :
. " Regnlced, That in the departure of our fellow-citizen, Nich-
olas McCarty, Esq., we realize the loss of one who, since the
early days of the city, has deservedly ranked as a most worthy,
generous, and valuable man, and who, by his aflfectioniite
heart, clearness of mind, and strict integrity of purpose, had
warmly endeared himself to all who knew him. In the im-
j portant public trusts committed to him — as commissioner of
the canal fund in effecting the first loan of the State, as sena-
tor of this county, and in other engagements — he manifested
remarkable judiciousness and ability. It was with reluctance
he was drawn into the pursuit of official station, and with de-
cided preference enjoyed the happiness of an attached circle
of family and friends. His hand and heart were ever at com-
mand for the need of the atHicted, and his counsels and sym-
pathies were extended where they could be useful with unaf-
fected simplicity and modesty."
Daniel Yandes belonged to that class of men who
naturally become pioneers. He was born in Fayette
,c^<
-U)
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
101
County, Pa., in January, 1793, when it was yet a new
country, with fertile soil, a hilly but beautiful surface,
and underlaid with coal. He was the son of Simon
Yandes, whose wife before marriage was Anna Cath-
arine Rider, both natives of Germany. His parents
lived upon a farm near the Monongahela River west
of Uniontown. They had two sons, Daniel and
Simon, who received only the limited education usual
at that time. Both of the sons worked on the farm.
They enlisted in the year 1813 under Gen. Harrison,
in the last war with Great Britain, and served six
months in Northern Ohio, but were not engaged in
battle. The father of Governor Albert G. Porter en-
listed in the same company. In 1814, when Wash-
ington City was first threatened by the British, they
again enlisted, and Daniel Yandes at the age of twenty-
one was elected major of the regiment. Before leaving
the place of rendezvous the order to march was coun-
termanded, and the troops were not again ordered
out. In 1815 occurred the most fortunate event of
his life, and that was his marriage to Anna Wilson,
the oldest daughter of James Wilson and his wife,
Mary Rabb. James Wilson was a leading farmer
and magistrate of the county. The Wilsons were
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, and the Rabbs Scotch-
English Presbyterians, and Anna Wilson was a
Presbyterian. Her educational advantages were but
moderate as compared with those at present. James
Wilson's father, Alexander Wilson, was born in 1727,
and removed from Lancaster County, Pa., to Fayette
County, where he died in 1815.
After the marriage of Daniel Yandes, he acquired
a mill and opened a coal-mine. In 1817 his father
died, at the age of eighty-four, and in 1818, when the
advantages of the fertile soil of Indiana were heralded
in Western Pennsylvania and enthusiasm aroused, he,
with his wife, mother, and two children, floated down
the Ohio to Cincinnati, and went from thence to
Fayette County, Ind., where he opened a farm in the
woods near Connersville. In the spring of 1821 he
removed to Indianapolis, which had been fixed upon
as the seat of government for the State, and resided
there until his death in June, 1878, at the age of
eiii;hty-five years and five months. His portrait and
signature represent him at the age of eighty. His
first residence was a log cabin which he built near the
northeast corner of Washington and Illinois Streets.
In 1822 he erected and resided in a double log cabin
near the southwest corner of Washington and Ala-
bama Streets, opposite the Court-House Square. In
1823 he built a new frame residence of three rooms
in that locality. About 1831 he erected a two-story
brick residence where the Citizens' National Bank
now stands, and part of the same building included a
store-room where Harrison's Bank now is. In 1837
he was the owner of an acre of ground where the
First Presbyterian Church now stands, and where he
built a large plain two-story brick residence. Here
he lived until it was sold to the above church in 1863,
and here his wife died in 1851. After her death he
did not marry again.
He came to Indianapolis with about four thousand
dollars, and, strange as it may seem, that constituted
him the largest capitalist of the incipient metropolis
for the next ten years. That amount included the
total of his inheritance and of his own acquisitions
up to 1821. He was, in common with pioneers gen-
erally, a man of rugged health, and hopeful, confiding,
and enterprising. He was fond of building mills,
manufactories, and introducing other improvements.
On his arrival in Indianapolis, with his brother-in-law
he erected the saw- and grist-mill on the bayou south-
west of the city where the McCarty land now is, the
dam being built across White River at the head of
the island which was opposite the Old Cemetery. This
is said to have been the first mill in the New Purchase.
About 1823 the firm of Yandes & Wilkens estab-
lished the first tannery in the county, and continued
in that business together about thirty years. The
active partner was John Wilkens, a man well known
for his uncommon merits. Afterwards Daniel Yan-
des continued the same business with his nephew,
Lafayette Yandes. After the death of Lafayette he
formed another partnership with his nephew, Daniel
Yandes, Jr., and James C. Parmerlee in au extensive
tannery in Brown County, and in a leather-store at
Indianapolis. About the year 1825, Mr. Yandes be-
came the partner in a store with Franklin Merrill,
brother of Samuel Merrill. Stores in the early history
of Indianapolis contained a miscellaneous assortment.
102
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
more or less extensive, including dry-goods, groceries,
queensware, hardware, hats, shoes, etc. About 1831
he became the partner of Edward T. Porter, and the
store of Yandes & Porter was in a brick building
which preceded that where Harrison's Bank now
stands. At nearly the same time he started Joseph
Sloan in business as a merchant at Covington,
Ind., and continued his partner for several years.
In 1833 he and Samuel Merrill, treasurer of State,
dug a race along Fall Creek, and built a grist-mill,
a saw-mill, and the first cotton-spinning factory in
this region. A few years afterwards he and William
Sheets, then late Secretary of State, built on the canal
west of the State-House grounds the first paper-mill
in the county. About the same time he became the
partner of Thomas M. Smith in a store, and about
1838 was the partner of John F. Hill in another
store, both of which were on the north side of Wash-
ington Street, a little west of Pennsylvania Street.
In 1839, under great difficulties, he alone built at La-
fayette, Ind., a grist-mill, saw-mill, and paper-mill,
and opened with his son James a large store. While
engaged in this enterprise the panic was precipitated
upon the country, and Mr. Yandes found himself in-
volved heavily in debt, both as principal and indorser,
at Indianapolis and Lafayette. While he enjoyed the
good-will of his creditors, he did not command their
entire confidence as to his solvency, and during the
years 1839 to 1841 judgments in Marion County
accumulated against him to the amount of over twenty-
two thousand dollars, when he sacrificed some of his
most valuable property at much less than cost. At
the same time he was under protest at the bank at
Lafayette. In due time, however, he paid the full
amount of his debts, and it is a matter of honest
pride that he and his children have always paid in
full individual and all other indebtedness. About the
year 1817 he and Thomas H. Sharpe built the Col-
lege Hall, a brick building, which preceded the Fletcher
& Sharpe bank and store property, at the corner of
Washington and Pennsylvania Streets ; and a few
years afterwards he erected the brick building where
Ritzinger's Bank now is. In 1847 he built ten miles
of the Madison Railroad, which was completed about
September of that year, and was the first railroad to
Indianapolis. The same year he joined in building
a grist-mill at Franklin. In 1852 he and Alfred
Harrison built thirty miles of the eastern end \a
Indiana of the Bellefontaine Railroad. Previous to
this time he had twice ventured successfully in send-
ing large cargoes of provisions by flat-boats from In-
diana to New Orleans. About the year 1854, during
the Kansas excitement, his desire for the freedom of
that State impelled him to aid some young men to
settle there, whom he accompanied to the West.
About 1860 he joined Edward T. Sinker as partner
in the Western Machine- Works, where he continued
for some years.
One of his most curious traits was the manifestation
of unusual energy and labor for a series of years until
an enterprise could be put upon a solid basis, after
which he evinced unusual indolence and inattention
to details for several years until he became again en-
listed in a new enterprise. As a consequence, after
new enterprises were fairly started and tested he lost
interest in them, and in a few years would usually sell
his interest. ■ He was senior partner, and in most cases
the capitalist. Although he matured his plans pa-
tiently and carefully, he was nevertheless a little too
fond of hazard.
If his business career had terminated when seventy-
five years of age he would have been a successful
business man ; but an undue fondness for enterprise,
and a hopeftil enthusiasm, together with the fascina-
tions of the far West, an over-confidence in others, and
the deterioration incident to old age, with his unwil-
lingness to be advised, resulted in disaster. He lost
a considerable amount in mines in the West, and a
large sum in the Brazil Furnace, stripping him in
effect of his property when he was past the age of
eighty. One of these mines is now more promising.
In politics he was a very decided Whig and Re-
publican, but cared little for the distinctions of office.
He was, however, the first treasurer of Marion County,
and in 1838 Governor Noble, unsolicited, appointed
him one of the Board of Internal Improvements to
aid in carrying out the extensive system of improve-
ments provided for by the Legislature in 1836.
In church matters he was a Lutheran by preference,
but there being no church of that denomination at
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
103
ludianapolis in early times, he became a Presbyterian,
and was for somre years one of the first elders and
trustees of the Second Presbyterian Church. From
1823 to 1845, and until the failure of his wife's health,
his house was one of the favorite stopping-places of
the Presbyterian clergy. Rev. Mr. Proctor, and after-
wards Rev. George Bush, were his guests for months.
He was liberal to chanties and the church, having
given away up to 1865 about sixty thousand dollars.
It would require at least double that amount, according
to the present value of money, to be an equivalent.
Five of his children died young. His daughter,
Mary Y. Wheeler, died in 1852, leaving five children,
three of whom yet survive. His children yet living
are Catharine, the widow of Rev. Elijah T. Fletcher ;
Elizabeth Y. Robinson; Simon, formerly a lawyer;
James W., formerly a merchant; and George B., now
president of the Citizens' National Bank.
Besides the favor extended by the Legislature to
the enterprising spirit of the town in the cheap sale
of the steam-mill site, a direct appropriation of four
thousand dollars was made to build an official resi-
dence for the Governor in the Circle. This was done
on the 26th of January, 1827. A contract for the
work, at a cost of six thousand five hundred dollars,
was made on the 17th of March, with Austin Bishop,
Robert Culbertson, William Smith, and William
Speaks, by Samuel Merrill and Benjamin I. Blythe,
on the part of the State. It was of brick, about
fifty feet square, two stories high, with a sort of Man-
sard roof, containing a level space in the centre about
fifteen feet square, surrounded by a railing, standing
upon a basement some six feet above the ground,
with a large hall-door in the middle of each of the
four sides, and separated by ten-feet halls crossing
each other in the middle into four large rooms in
each corner. Its complete exposure on all sides
made it an undesirable residence for a family, and it
was never occupied except for public offices, chambers
of the Supreme Court judges, and in its later days
for almost any use that respectable applicants desired
it for. As heretofore related, it was sold for old
brick and torn down in 1857. School-boys used to
make a " circus" of its basement-rooms, and one day,
some forty years ago, a wild turkey, scared by hunters
from the noted " turkey-roost" in the sugar grove
near the line of Seventh and Illinois Streets, ran into
one of these basement-rooms, and was caught there
by a school-boy of the period. Another house, built
at the same time, was the little brick at the east gate
of the Court-House Square, for an office for the clerk
of the State Supreme Court. At the preceding ses-
sion the Legislature had ordered the State agent to
contract with Asahel Dunning for a two-story brick
ferry-house near the foot of Washington Street, on the
south side. It was built in 1827, partially burned in
1855, repaired, and reoccupied until some half dozen
or so years ago, when it was torn down.
In this connection belong.s the act ordering the first
State-House, which passed 10th of February, 1831,
upon the recommendation of a committee at the ses-
sion of 1829-30. The report estimated the cost at
fifty-six thousand dollars, and stated that the unsold
land in the donation would be fairly estimated at fifty-
eight thousand dollars. James Blake was appointed
commissioner to attend to the work and obtain mate-
rial (three hundred and sixty perches of stone by the
second Monday of May was specified), with an appro-
priation of three thousand dollars. He was instructed
to ofier one hundred and fifty dollars for a plan, embrac-
ing halls for the two houses, rooms for Supreme Court
and State Library, and twelve rooms for committees,
with such others as would be needed, and report to the
next Legislature. The cost was limited to forty-five
thousand dollars. The commissioner procured a plan
from Ithiel Town, a distinguished architect of New
York, and I. J. Davis. The Legislature approved
Jan. 20, 1832, and appointed Noah Noble (Gov-
ernor), Morris Morris (auditor), and Samuel Merrill
(treasurer), Feb. 2, 1832, as commissioners to
superintend the work, employ architects, andnise the
material purchased by Mr. Blake. The work was to
be finished by November, 1838, and to be examined
and approved by a committee of five from each house
before acceptance. The contract was made with Mr.
Town at fifty-eight thousand dollars. Work began in
the spring of 1832. The site, previously a dead level,
was plowed and scraped into an elevation in the centre
under the survey and supervision of Gen. Thomas A.
Morris, then a young West Pointer, after serving a
104
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
faithful term at the printer's " case." The building
was so far completed as to be ready for oecupaqpy
when the Legislature met on the 7th of December,
1835. The actual cost was sixty thousand dollars,
but two thousand dollars in excess of the estimate.
It was two hundred feet long by one hundred feet
wide, and two stories high. The style was the Doric
of the Parthenon, spoiled by a contemptible little
dome that was about as suitable in that place as an
army-cap on the Apollo Belvidere. The basement
was of blue slate from the Bluffs, and soon began de-
caying. The whole exterior was stuccoed, and looked
well till frost and thaw, damp and heat began to
make it peel off, and then it looked worse than a
beggar's rags. It was so dilapidated as to be unsafe
before it was torn down in 1878. The trees planted
in the square made a fine grove there, which was the
favorite resort of Sunday-school celebrations of the
Fourth of July and the usual out-door place for
political meetings.
At the same time the order was made to sell the
steam-mill site all the reserved, forfeited, and unsold
lots in the town were ordered to be sold. It was
done on the 7th and 8th of the following May, when
one hundred and fifty-three lots, of which twenty-four
were on Washington Street, were offered, with over
thirty squares of four acres each. Sales were made
of one hundred and six lots at one hundred and
eighty dollars an acre, and thirty-eight out-lots and
squares at twenty-three dollars an acre. On the 22d
of January, 1829, an act extended the time of pay-
ment of the deferred installments of the purchase-
money of out-lots, and declared inoperative the for-
feitures worked under the existing law by delinquent
payments. The next legislative order touching the
town arid the State's property was made on the 9th
of February, 1831, when the agent was directed to
plat the whole donation outside the town into out-lots
and sell them at public auction. The subdivision
was made, and the aggregate of lots offered in and
out of the town plat was nearly nineteen hundred
acres. The divisions ranged from two to fifty acres.
The minimum price was ten dollars an acre, but only
a portion was sold. It may be noticed here that the
order for the clearing of Pogue's Run Valley was
never executed, probably because the fifty-dollar limit
was too little. Property-holders, however, gradually
cleared it, and improved the health of the place by
it. The low, swampy " bottom" and dense woods and
underbrush made the very home of malarious disor-
ders, and they trooped out in force during the sickly
season. There is nothing but two or three shivered
stumps left of this dense woods now, except for a short
distance above the mouth of the creek and near the
Morris Street bridge. Here some old sycamores and
elms still remain, but one of them was blown over by
the tornado that did such damage to some of the
manufacturing establishments on the West Side last
summer. All the papaws, black haws, apple haws,
ginseng, prickly ash, spice-brush, and hazel-bushes
are gone as completely as if such things had never
grown there, yet it was a valley prolific of wild fruit,
as its clear stream was of good fish.
At the time the order of Jan. 26, 1827, was made
for the sale of forfeited and reserved lots certain
squares and alleys were vacated. Square 22 was re-
served for a State hospital, and square 25 for a State
university ; it is now University Park. The " State
University" at Bloomington has tried to get possession
of this valuable property under cover of a title it has
assumed since that dedication was made, but has failed.
On the 26th of January, 1832. the agent was em-
powered to lease the square to the trustees of Marion
County Seminary for thirty years, with the proviso
that if it should be needed for a university in that
time a half acre should be sold in fee-simple in either
the southwest or southeast corner, where a seminary
building was authorized to be erected under the lease.
The trustees built the " Old Seminary" in the south-
west corner in 1833-34, the most noted local school
of the State, and maintained with unvarying success
and wide benefit for twenty years. It will be noticed
more fully in the department of this work assigned
to " Schools." In October, 1827, Miss Matilda
Sharpe, the first milliner, came to Indianapolis, —
not the least important event of the year.
While the Legislature, as above related, was dis-
posing of unsold lots, erecting buildings, and forward-
ing the improvement of the place, the citizens were
not inactive in their own moral and social interests.
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
105
though it was late before their enterprise turned to
points of business advantage, and with no great good
fortune to encourage them when they did turn. In
April, 1825, the Indianapolis Bible Society was
formed, and is still living in the Indianapolis Female
Bible Society, a most active and beneficent agency
among the soldiers during the civil war. Mrs. Mar-
garet Givan was the first president, and the wife of
Professor George Bush, pastor of the First Presbyte-
rian Church, and since then known all over the literary
world for' eminence in oriental scholarship, was one of
its most active promoters. On the 13th of November,
1825, the Marion County Bible Society was formed,
with Bethuel F. Morris as president and James M.
Ray as secretary. It may be noted here that Mr.
Ray was secretary of pretty much every organiza-
tion ever formed during the first thirty years of the
city's existence. Whether town-meeting or bank
directory, fire company or missionary society, James
M. Ray was invariably made its business manager or
secretary. It is to his undying honor that he always
served and was never paid. He was born in the first
year of this century, in New Jersey, and learned the
trade of making coach lace, came West to Kentucky
when a young lad, and worked there with his family ;
came later to Lawrenceburg, in this State, and came
here in the summer or fall of 1821. His intelligence,
activity, and integrity put him at once among the fore-
most men of the settlement. Quiet, unobtrusive, vigi-
lant, never idle, never careless, his word was as good
as any other man's oath, and his aid in any good work
as confidently expected as the continuance of his ex-
istence. It would be impossible to gather up here all
the associations of which he was secretary at one
time or another in more than fifty years of active life
in the settlement and city, but it is really no exagger-
ation to say that the first generation of settlers trusted
him with every work of that kind that they had to
do. He was the first county clerk, as already noted,
and served till he was made cashier of the old State
Bank in 1834. He continued in that position as long
as the bank lived, and then went into its successor,
the " Bank of the State." He was Governor Mor-
ton's most trusted agent during the war, and managed
all the external finances of the State during that
momentous period. Financial disaster overtook him
in some unfortunate mining operations to which he
had given his means largely, and several years of his
later life were passed in an easy but well-paid position
in the Treasury Department at Washington. During
the last year or so he returned to his old home, and
died here Feb. 22, 1881.
The Indianapolis Tract Society was another kindred
organization made during the same year, 1825 ; and
on September 3d the first agricultural society was
formed by the late Calvin Fletcher, Henry Bradley,
Henry Brenton, and others. The following year .an
artillery company was formed under Capt. James
Blake, upon the reception of a .six-pounder iron gun
sent here by the government. It blew off William
Warren's hand while firing a salute to the " Bloody
Three Hundred" in 1832, when mustering to march
away to the Black Hawk war. It afterwards blew off
one of Andrew Smith's hands. Mr. Smith is still
living in the county, a hale and venerable gentleman,
far beyond the scriptural limit of life, after many years
of service in important county offices. On the 20th
of June, 1826, the first fire company was formed,
with John Hawkins as president and James M. Ray
as secretary. Its implements were buckets and lad-
ders, and its alarm general yelling and the ringing of
church and tavern bells. It was incorporated in 1830,
and continued in existence till the formation of the
" Marion Fire-Engine Company" in 1835, when the
old company was absorbed into the new one. In
July, 1828, the Indianapolis Library Society was
formed, the library being made up of donations. It
lasted half a dozen years or so. A musical association
called the Handelian Society was formed in the
spring of 1828. In August a cavalry company was
formed by Capt. David Buchanan. On the 24th of
April, 1829, the Methodist Sunday-school was colo-
nized from the Union School on the completion of the
old church on the southwest corner of Circle and
Meridian Streets. It began with eleven teachers and
forty-six scholars, and in a year had twenty-seven
teachers and one hundred and forty-six scholars. In
November, 1829, the Colonization Society was organ-
ized, with Judge Isaac Blackford as president. On
the 11th of December, 1830, the Indiana Historical
106
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Society was formed, with Benjaniin Parke as presi-
dent and Bethuel P. Morris as secretary. John H. I
Farnham was afterwards secretary, and the books and '
papers were long kept in the office of Henry P. Co- '
burn, clerk of the Supreme Court. The library was
given to the Union Library Society about 1846, and
when that association went to pieces the library went
to pieces too. The Historical Association numbered
among its members some of the most distinguished
men in the State, and among its " honorary members"
were Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Lewis Cass, John i
C. Calhoun, and other men of national renown. It i
has been revived within a few years by some of the
leading citizens of the State, who arc interested in
historical affairs, and promises to be a useful as well
as durable organization. In the fall of 1831 the In- '
dianapolis '■ Lyceum" or " Athenisum" was organized
to promote literary culture by lectures and scientific ,
discussions. It lasted usefully for a few years, and
was succeeded by the Young Men's Literary Society
in 1§35. This organization was superseded by the I
Union Literary Society, composed mainly of the
elder pupils of the " Old Seminary," which collected
a considerable library, was iucorporated in 1846 or
1847, and began the lecture system hereby procuring
lectures from Mr. Beecher, Rev. Mr. Johnson, Mr.
Fisher, of Cincinnati, and others. It was disbanded [
by gradual decay, but in 1853 its last effort obtained '
a lecture by Horace Greeley on Henry Clay. i
In 1831, near the end of the first division of the
city's second period or stage of growth, came the first
illusive promise of public improvements, which soon ;
grew strong enough to realize itself partially, and to j
send a forecast nearly twoscore years ahead of the }
fact that only began to be forcefully felt in 1850 or
just before. The Legislature on the 2d and 3d of !
February chartered a group of railroads that reads in j
its titles very much like a time-table in the Union ,
Depot today. There was the Madison and Indianap- I
olis, the Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis, the New ,
Albany, Salem and Indianapolis, the Ohio and In-
dianapolis. Surveys were made on all them, and j
some grading done in patches, but nothing came of
any of them except the Madison and Indianapolis,
which was incorporated in the State's great and disas- \
trous " Internal Improvement System" of 1836. This
reference is all that need be made here, as the history
of the city's railroad system will appear fully in its
proper place.
Almost contemporaneously with the charters of
these railroads came the only steamer that ever reached
Indianapolis. It was on the 11th of April, 1831.
The steamer was the " Robert Hanna," owned by
Gen. Robert Hanna, one of tlie prominent citizens,
and some of his associates, who intended to use it in
the transportation of stone and timber for the work on
the National road, a contract for which they held. The
arrival created a great excitement. Between a steamer
actually at the wharf, as it were, and the recent charter
of four or five railroads the victims of chills and
many disappointments began to take heart and hope
that their dreams, when the capital came, might be
prophecies after all. The cannon was fired, crowds
visited the vessel, a public meeting was held on the
12th, with Judge Blackford, president, and Judge
Morrison, secretary, to make a formal welcome, and
a banquet for the officers and owners. Resolutions
demanded the improvement of the river, and the
speeches expressed the usual invariable confidence of
" the realization of our most sanguine expectations."
That was the end of it. After making a couple of
little excursions up the river on the 12th, she started
back down the river on the 13th. It was a slow
voyage. The pilot-house and chimneys got in the
way of the tree limbs, the bends were too short for
her length, the bars too frequent and shallow. She
knocked off her pilot-house and damaged her wheel-
house in one of her excursions, and scared her un-
familiar passengers so badly that a good many jumped
off into the water. With such ill omens and a slow
voyage down, probably nobody was surprised to hear
that she had grounded at Hog Island, where the
captain's child was drowned, and never got off till
the fall rise came. Hopes of river navigation never
flourished after this experiment. It was a very gen-
eral belief that the river would be made practically
navigable as Congress had formally declared it to be,
and to this impression must be attributed the early
preference of settlers for locations near the river. On
the 12th of February, 1825, Alexander Ralston, who
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
107
had laid out the town, was appointed by the legisla-
tive commissioners to make a survey of the river and
estimate the cost of clearing out the obstructions
and the extent of practicable navigability.
During the summer he made the survey, and re-
ported that an annual outlay of fifteen hundred dol-
lars would make the stream navigable for three months
in each year. From Sample's Mills, in Randolph
County, to Indianapolis was one hundred and thirty
miles, from here to the junction with White River
proper two hundred and eighty-five miles, and from
there to the Wabash forty miles, with a fall of eighteen
inches eight miles above Martinsville, and another of
nine feet in three hundred and ten miles above the
junction, with a great drift at the line of Daviess and
Greene Counties. On the basis of this report Congress
was several times petitioned by the Legislature to
make an appropriation for the proposed improvement,
but nothing was ever done. The State made some
considerable appropriations, expended by the County
Board along the river, but no improvement of any
real value could be made by such disjointed labors and
slender means, if indeed anything could be done by
any possible expenditure short of a system of " slack-
water" dams and locks. Schemes for this sort of
improvement were urged upon the Legislature by
John Matthews and others for several years after
18.30, and renewed again in 1851, when the "White
River Navigation Company" was chartered for twenty
years. That was all that was ever done. In 1865 a
little picnic steamer called the " Governor Morton"
was built by some of the citizens, and made some
short excursions during the year following, but she
never amounted to anything. She sank below the
old bridge after a life of a year, and her machinery
was taken out and put into some sort of a mill. This
is all of the history of the navigation of White River,
except that the steamer " Traveler" came up as far
as Spencer in 1830, and the " Victory" came up
within fifty-five miles of this place the same year.
Of the use of the river for commercial purposes more
will be said under the head of " Transportation."
The first stage line into the town was started by
Mr. Johnson, a relative of Col. Richard M. Johnson,
to Madison in the summer of 1828. Mr. Johnson
about the same time established a coach-making or
repairing shop on the block where the post-oflBce and
the Odd-Pellows' Hall stand. On the 8th of July,
1827, the National road commissioner, Mr. Knight,
was in the town, and fixed the lino to this point.
The next year, in September and October, the con-
tracts for the work were let, greatly to the satisfac-
tion of the town, which had been so long locked up by
cow-paths, Indian trails, and swampy roads cross-
layed. The old bridge across the river was built by
William Wernweg and Walter Blake for eighteen
thousand dollars, on plans furnished by the late Laza-
rus B. Wilson. It was completed in 1834, the con-
tract being let July 26, 1831. The macadamizing of
the road was completed nearly through the town and
about three miles west, just beyond Eagle Creek, and
abandoned in 1839 in consequence of the failure of
Congress to continue the appropriations. The road
following Washington Street enabled that thorough-
fare to get the first improvement that any street ever
got in the place, but no sidewalk work was done for
several years. After remaining in this incomplete
condition for a number of years Congress finally sur-
rendered to each State the portion of the National
road in its limits, and about the time the railroads
began advancing pretty rapidly the State gave the
road to a " Plank-Road Company," which covered it
with narrow, heavy oak plank, and made an admirable
road till the plank began to warp. In a few years
the plank-work was abandoned and the road, like
hundreds of others all over the State, was heavily
graveled and made an excellent turnpike, in which
condition it remains to-day.
The first " show," McComber's Menagerie, ap-
peared in the town on the 26th and 27th of July,
1830, and exhibited on the open space back of Hen-
derson's tavern, about where the Central Engine
house is, or a little north and east of it. Another
exhibited at the same place on the 23d and 24th of
August of the same year, showing among other curi-
osities a " rompo." Tradition does not retain a de-
scription of this mysterious beast. The next sum-
mer saw the introduction here of the first soda foun-
tain in Dunlap & McDougal's drug-store on East
Washington Street, near the middle of the block be-
108
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
109
tween Pennsylvania Street and the alley west of it on
the north side, subsequently kept by Scudder & Han-
neman. In February, 1831, the first artist, a por-
trait-painter by the name of M. G. Rogers, came
here for a professional visit. The 8th of January,
80 long celebrated in one way or another by the ad-
mirers of " Old Hickory," was celebrated in Indian-
apolis for the first time in 1830, when an address was
delivered by Alexander F. Morrison, brother of the
late Judge James and the banker William H., who
had recently removed here and started an administra-
tion paper called the Iiiduma Democrat. It suc-
ceeded the Gazette, and became the Sentinel in 1841,
as will appear more fully in the history of the press.
The celebrations of the Fourth of July were kept up,
and in 1830 there were two, one of the Sunday-
schools under Marshal James Blake, and one of the
citizens under Marshal Demas McFarland. The
deaths of Adams and Jefi'erson were celebrated here
on the 12th of August with appropriate funeral cere-
monies. The first three-story brick building was
erected by William Sanders, north side of Washing-
ton Street, a little west of Meridian, in the summer
of 1831. It is still standing in an improved condi-
tion. That same summer showed Indianapolis the
first elephant, two of them in fact, an adult and a
baby. They were not in a menagerie, but traveling
on their own merits. The population of Centre town-
ship by the census of 1830 was one thousand and
ninety-four.
Pretty nearly midway between the statement of
the census and the condition of the settlement at the
removal of the capital is the estimate of February,
1827, in the Journal. The town had then the new
■' court-house, a Presbyterian Church with thirty
members, a Baptist Church with thirty-six members,
a Methodist Church with ninety-three members,
worshiping in a cabin but building a brick church,"
the walls of which were completed and inclosed
in the fall. A Sunday-school had been in exist-
ence five years, and had then twenty teachers and
one hundred and fifty pupils. There were twenty-
five brick hou.ses in the place, sixty frames, and eighty
hewed and rough log ; rents were high and houses in
demand. The Governor's house in the Circle was
then in progress, and six two-story and five one-story
brick houses with a large number of frames had been
built that year. The editor thought the condition of
things promising enough to inaugurate an era of
manufiietures and steam-power to produce at home
the ten thousand dollars' worth of goods brought from
abroad. Among the year's importations were seventy-
six kegs of tobacco, two hundred barrels of flour, one
hundred kegs of powder, four thousand five hundred
pounds of yarn, and two hundred and thirteen bar-
rels of whiskey, besides seventy-one made here (Bayou
Blue), a pretty profuse supply of whiskey for a popu-
lation of but little more than one thousand, and a
considerable number of them women and children,
who could not be expected to drink much. Probably
half was sold to the country around or even farther
away, but even the half, or one hundred and forty-two
barrels, about five thousand gallons, would make five
gallons for every mouth, little and big, in the dona-
tion, and twenty probably for every adult male. The
large importation of powder shows that no little de-
pendence was still placed in the rifle as the food
provider.
On the 3d of June, 1832, the news of the out-
break of the Sac and Fox Indians under Black Hawk
reached the town, and next day a call was made for a
hundred and fifty men of the Fortieth Regiment,
belonging to this county, and for as many more from
the adjoining counties, to rendezvous here on the
9th, each man mounted, and armed with rifle, knife,
and tomahawk, and a supply of powder for the cam-
paign. When assembled here they were organized
in three companies, under Capts. James P. Drake,
John W. Redding, and Henry Brenton. There was
some competition for the command of the battalion
between Col. A. W. Russell and George L. Kinnard,
a member of Congress in 1835, and scalded to death
by the explosion of a steamer on the Ohio, while on
his way to the national capital. He began here as a
school-teacher a few years before this military expe-
dition. An adjustment was made which gave the
command to Russell and the adjutancy to Kinnard.
The night before the expedition started a consider-
able portion was encamped on the southeast corner of
the Military Ground, at the present crossing of Wash-
110
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ington and West Streets, and the next morning, while
the people of the town were gathering round ob-
serving the unwonted spectacle, the men were mould-
ing bullets by their camp-fires, or throwing toma-
hawks at a mark. When all were mounted and
ready to march they made as fine a body of men as
could have been found in any army in the world.
They went from here to Chicago, then a fort and an
Indian trading-post, guided by William Conner, found
the war virtually at an end, and marched round the
end of the lake to South Bend, where the late John
D. Defrees, then editing a paper there, gave them the
name they have worn ever since, and will as long as
the memory or history of the expedition remains, the
" Bloody Three Hundred." It was said that some of
them wanted to fight about it, but the cooler heads
dissuaded them. The only warlike incident of the
little campaign was the firing of a frightened picket at
a vagrant cow one night, which alarmed the whole
camp. The battalion returned on the 3d of July,
and took part in the celebration next day. The fol-
lowing January they were paid by Maj. Lamed.
William Warren, whose hands were blown oflF while
firing a salute to the command, was afterwards pen-
sioned by act of Congress, obtained by Mr. Kinnard,
under some neat little confusion of him with, the
military expedition, with which he had no more to
do than he had with the " Russian Expedition."
He was digging a cellar when he joined the gun
squad. The "good old times" were not so much
more squeamish or scrupulous than ours after all.
During the summer and early fall of 1832 sub-
scriptions were made and steps taken to build a
market-house, the leading men being Charles I.
Hand and the late John Givan, then a prominent
and honored citizen, in later life a pauper and semi-
tramp. It was built the following summer where it
still stands, greatly extended to be sure, but other-
wise unchanged, and wholly inadequate to its pur-
poses. Efibrts have very recently been made to re-
place the old structure with one suitable to the size
and needs of the city, built with the bequest made
some years ago by the late Stephen Tomlinson, but
and the alleged probability that the expense would
exceed the bequest and create a necessity for more
city tax, and some technical oversight in letting the
contract brought an injunction from the court on the
project, and thus it still lies. Thomas McOuat,
Josiah Davis, and John Walton were the committee
charged with the supervision of the work on the first
and present market-house. Under the act of Jan.
26, 1832, authorizing a lease of a seminary site to
the trustees of the county seminary, Demas McFar-
land. Dr. Livingston Dunlap, and J. S. Hall, the
trustees, obtained the lease the same year, and began
measures for erecting the building. The most im-
portant event of this year, however, was the incor-
poration of the town under the general law.
There was no separation of the town from the
rest of the county till now. All had been gov-
erned alike by State laws and the oflBcers appointed
by them. On the 3d of September, 1832, a public
meeting was held in the court-house, and it was de-
cided to incorporate the town under the general in-
corporation act. An election for five trtistees was
held the same month, and Henry P. Coburn, John
Wilkins, Samuel Merrill, Samuel Henderson, and
John G. Brown were chosen. They organized by
making Mr.. Henderson president and Israel P. Grif-
fith secretary. Five wards were made of the old
plat, — First, all east of Alabama Street ; Second,
from Alabama to Pennsylvania ; Third, from Penn-
sylvania to Meridian; Fourth, from Meridian to
Tennessee ; Fifth, all west of Tennessee. The first
marshal and collector was Samuel Jennison ; the first
assessor, Glidden True ; the first market-master,
Fleming T. Luse. Other officers were appointed
later. In December two general ordinances were
published, one for the general regulation of the
town, the other relating specially to the markets.
The general ordinance created the offices of clerk,
marshal and collector, treasurer and assessor, all held
under bond and security. Assessments were to be
made in January, and tax collections reported to the
treasurer in June. It will not be uninteresting to
note the leading ofienses defined by this first act of
considerable opposition was made in consequence of municipal legislation, — firing guns or flying kites on
the coupling of a city hall with the market building, the streets, leaving cellar-doors open or teams un-
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
Ill
hitched, driving across or on foot-paths, racing
horses, letting hogs run at large, keeping stallions
on Washington Street, keeping piles of wood on the
same street more than twelve hours, or piles of
shavings anywhere more than two days, keeping a
drinking-house or a "show" without license. Of-
fenders were to be sued in twenty days before a jus-
tice of the peace in the name of the trustees.
Meetings of the Board were to be held on the first
Friday of each month, but at any time on a proper
call. The market ordinance provided for markets on
Wednesdays and Saturdays, two hours after daylight,
the market-master to look after weights and the qual-
ities of marketable articles, as he does now. Huck-
stering was prohibited. Town elections were to be
held annually in September.
Under this first municipal organization the town
continued till 1836, then the Legislature passed a
special act of incorporation legalizing the action of
the trustees previously. The wards were left un-
changed, but the election was shifted from September
to April. The trustees were to elect a president,
clerk, marshal, lister or assessor, collector, and other
customary town officers. They were also to levy
taxes and improve the streets and sidewalks at the
cost of the owners of the adjacent property. The
rate of taxation could not exceed one-half of one per
cent., and could only be levied on property within
the town plat. The act of incorporation included the
whole donation for all purposes but taxation. The
new Board continued the old ordinances mainly un-
changed. Settlement was made by the former officer
to April, 1836, the treasurer showing the receipt of a
revenue for the year of sixteen hundred and ten dol-
lars, and the expenditure of all but one hundred and
twenty-four dollars, a far more liberal margin than can
be found between receipts and expenses nowadays.
On the 17th of February, 1838, a reincorporation
act was passed, making no material change, however,
except increasinsr the wards to six, electing the presi-
dent of the Board by a general popular vote, and
each ward trustee by the voters of the ward. Pre-
viously all had been elected by a general vote. The
Board was to be the " Common Council," and elected
annually, four to make a quorum. The president
had the jurisdiction and powers of a justice of the
peace, and the marshal those of a constable. The
trustees received twelve dollars a year, or one dollar
for each regular monthly meeting. The new wards
were : First, all east of Alabama ; Second, to Penn-
sylvania; Third, to Meridian; Fourth, to Illinois;
Fifth, to Mississippi ; Sixth, to the river. Tax sales
for delinquencies could be made by the new charter,
and the first was made on the 25th of October, 1839.
The four boundary streets of the city plat, North,
South, East, and West, had previously been mere
alleys, or closed altogether in places, but the new
Council ordered them opened. This city organiza-
tion continued until it was changed for something like
a regular city government of a mayor and Council,
in 1847. Some amendments were made from time
to time, but nothing that affected the general course
of public business. In February, 1839, the taxes
collected in West Indianapolis (now Indianola), west
of the river, were ordered to be expended, and alleys
were authorized to be opened in the donation. In
1840, in February, councilmen were required to serve
two years instead of one, and were given twenty-four
dollars a year. In February, 1841, the marshal was
elected by popular vote, and on Jan. 15, 1844, all the
town officers were changed from appointment by the
Council to election by the people. No effort at street
improvement was made till 1836, and no city engineer
employed till that year. No grading or paving of
sidewalks was attempted till 1839 or thereabouts.
The first survey attempted for any such purpose was
made by William Sullivan, for many years a justice
of the peace, at one time a teacher in the Old Semi-
nary, and one of the most honored of the old resi-
dents. He made a survey of the street and alley
between Meridian and Pennsylvania, north side of
Washington, in 1838. In 1841, James Wood was
employed to make a general survey, and did so. His
grades were followed till it was found that his whole
scheme of survey was based on the idea of turning
the city surface into an inclined plane sloping to the
southwest corner and into the river, without regard
to natural features favoring a less artificial and ex-
pensive drainage. Of the changes of municipal gov-
ernment after the first organization as a city in 1847,
112
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
an account will be found under the heading of
" Municipal Government."
For the first twelve years of the existence of the
town its history and that of the county are identical.
The' laws and officers of both were the same, the
taxes, improvements, and changes the same, so far as
they were dependent on public and official action.
For a period still longer, as before suggested, there
was a close identity of social condition. The sepa-
ration legally came in 1832, but the other only
became distinct a decade later. There is not much
to say of the county outside of the town in this
period of identity. After the erection of the public
buildings, already noted, there was little to do and
little means to do with. The following statement of
receipts for the first half-dozen years of the county
organization will tell the story of its financial condi-
tion. Treasurer Yandes' report for 1822 shows that
the total receipts from licenses and taxes was nine
hundred and seventy-five dollars and eighty-four
cents. Another statement shows the net revenue of
this first year to be eight hundred and fifty-five dol-
lars. The following table of receipts and expenses of
the county from its organization to the separation of
the town by incorporation is compiled from the
records of the County Board :
HeceiptB.
For 1822 S855.00
" 1823 730.29
" 1824 689.60
" 1825 845.93
" 1826 915.91
" 1827 1157.87
" 1828 918.69
" 1829 1786. 73i
" 1830 2095.48i
" 1831 2242.454
" 1832 3176.21 J
Expenses.
For 1822 Not stated.
" 1823 $863. 70i
" 1824 962.27J
" 1825 1235.18*
" 1326 501.73
" 1827 683.69
" 1928 688. 15i
" 1829 1034. 13i
" 1830 1045.34i
" 1831 1330.59
" 1832 2788.03+
The County Board, when the county was organized,
consisted of three commissioners, as already noted.
On the 31st of January, 1824, an act of the Legisla-
ture changed this mode of doing county business for
a board composed of all the justices of the peace of
the county. This was repealed in February, 1831,
and the board of three commissioners restored. In
1835 this was again made to give place to a board of
justices, which was once more and finally displaced by
commissioners in 1837. The first meeting of the
board of justices was on the 6tb of September, 1824,
at the house of John Carr, the court-house not being
quite finished yet. Joel Wright was elected presi-
dent over Wilkes Reagin and Obed Foote. The
members present were Joel Wright, Henry D. Bell,
Obed Foote, Jeremiah J. Corbaley, John C. Hume,
William D. Rooker, Sismund Basye, Wilkes Reagin,
and Joseph Beeler. It may be noted as a mark of
the culture of the times that the president of the
board signs himself " Preasadent of the Bord."
The work of the Board, whether of justices or com-
missioners, was largely of a routine character ; receiv-
ing petitions for the opening of county roads and
neighborhood roads, appointing " viewers" to examine
and report on the proposed lines, allowing little claims
for services or labor of one kind or another, licensing
stores composed the bulk of it. Occasionally a con-
stable was appointed and a list of grand and petit jurors
provided for the clerk to draw from in court terms.
The first roll of grand jurors, selected from among the
tax-payers of the county at the May session, 1822,
and numbering " fifty-four discreet householders," will
not be uninteresting :
Alexander Ralston. John McClung.
Joseph C. Reed. Thomas O'Neal.
Isaac Wilson. Reuben Putnam.
Thomas Anderson. John Allison.
Joseph Catterlin. William C. Blackmore.
Asahel Dunning. William Dyer.
Elijah Fox. Samuel D. Honelly.
Samuel Harding. William Conner.
Aaron Lambeth. Curtis Mallory.
Morris Morris. Wilkes Reagin.
George Norwood. George Smith.
Daniel Pettingill. Joel Wright.
WUliam D. Rooker. Robert Brenton.
John Myers. Jeremiah J. Corbaley.
James Paige. John Fox.
Judah Leaming. John Hawkins.
Collins Thorp. Alexis Jackson.
John Finch. Samuel G. Mitchell.
Archibald C. Reed. Samuel Morrow.
John Smock. James Porter.
David Wood. William Reagin.
George Buckner. Peter Harmonson.
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
113
Isaac Coe.
Francis Davis.
James Givan.
Jeremiah Johnson.
Zenas Lake.
Isaac Stevens.
Amasa Makepeace.
Joseph iMcCormick.
William Bush.
William Forster.
A sample of the ordinary business of the county
will serve as well as a full copy of the records to
inform the reader of its character. Here is an allow-
ance: " It is ordered that Calvin Fletcher be allowed
five dollars and fifty cents for three days' services in
appraising town lots under the direction of the lister
(Col. James Paxton), and Caleb Scudder be allowed
one dollar and fifty cents for one day's similar services,
all payable out of the county treasury." " Allowed
Joseph Clark, for making two jury boxes to contain
the selected names for the grand and petit jurors,
one dollar." " It is ordered that Calvin Fletcher and
John Packer be appointed to serve as overseers of the
poor in Centre- Warren township for, during, and
until the next session on the second Monday of May
next." " Allowed Francis Davis, David Wood, and
Demas L. McFarland one dollar and fifty cents each
for two days' services in viewing Harding's road (line
of old National road), and to Alexander W. Russell,
for two days' services in surveying the same, two dol-
lars, payable," etc. Whenever a road was petitioned
for and favorably considered — usually the result,
though sometimes remonstrances were put in and the
road disallowed — three reputable citizens and house-
holders were appointed to " view ' it, and upon their
report the road was ordered opened. The routes were
always indicated by the lines of the Congressional
survey, " section," " township," and " range," and
marked, as the reports frequently say, " with two hacks
with tomahawk" or " two chops with an axe" on the
trees at certain points. Some petitions wanted the
road opened " to the centre of town." There were
no cleared streets, not even Washington, at the first
meetings for county business. Roads out of and
through the town were cow-paths or stumpy openings
too densely closed in with trees and brush to allow
one neighbor to see the house of anotlier within hail-
ing distance. These will serve as specimens of the
county road-work, and it was a large portion of all that
was done. At every session there were from two to a
half-dozen road petitions to act on, " viewers" to ap-
point, and reports to receive. Here is a specimen of
a " store license :" " James Givan and son bavin"
satisfied the Board that they have not in amount more
than one thousand dollars in stock of foreign merchan-
dise, it is ordered that on producing the treasurer's
receipt for ten dollars they receive a licen.se to retail
foreign merchandise in this county for one year." The
tavern license was twelve dollars, and three taverns
paid it in 1823, — Hawkins', Carter's, and Blake &
Henderson's. Occasionally allowances were made for
the support of paupers by private citizens for a short
time, and like allowances were made to doctors for
services to the same class. Once in 1825 an allow-
ance of three dollars is made to Samuel Duke for a
coffin for a drowned negro, apparently the first person
drowned in the settlement. The following order
possesses the interest of novelty, at least to the great
majority of readers, who are not aware that debtors
could be imprisoned like thieves in Marion County in
early times : " Allowed to Hervey Bates for meat and
drink furnished to John J. E. Barnett and Samuel
Roberts (one of the first constables), insolvent per-
sons confined in the county jail at the suit of the
State." The amount is not given, as the item is
one of several allowed to Mr. Bates as sheriff. The
appointment of supervisors of roads, of school dis-
tricts, of the poor, the resignations and elections of
justices and constables, levies of taxes will about
complete the list of the labors of the County Board,
added to those above named, during the twelve
years that the town and county governments were
identical.
The events and incidents illustrating the develop-
ment of the town during seven years, from the organ-
ization of the first municipal government in 1832 to
the abandonment of the public works in 1839, which
forms the second division of the second period of the
city's history, may be treated in four groups : 1st,
The temporary improvement in business and real
estate values, originating in the confidence of an early
completion of the State's " Internal Improvement
System ;" 2d, The first establishment of some of the
industries which are now among the chief agencies of
the city's prosperity ; 3d, Enlarged educational ad-
lU
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
vantages ; 4th, The organization of some of the usual
business conveniences of cities.
1st. Within three years after ihe organization of
the town government the swell of the " Internal Im-
provement" tide began to be felt. Prices of lots stiff-
ened and speculation began to reach out for chances.
The State had spent one hundred thousand dollars in
making roads, but that could not go far in creating
transportation facilities in a country of dense woods
and few settlements. What the people wanted was
means of getting away and getting home with goods
and produce, and country roads were a very inade-
quate provision. Railroads were a recent improve-
ment about which the whole country was excited, and
Indiana wanted railroads. The Wabash and Erie
Canal was advancing with the help of Congressional
grants, but water-ways were wanted for the central
and eastern parts of the State. A canal to connect
the Ohio with the Wabash Canal was to pass through
here. A railroad to make a similar connection
higher up the Ohio was also to pass through
here. Other railroads, as before noted, aimed here
either as a terminus or necessary junction. The Leg-
islature of 1835-36, the first that met in the new
State-House, was confidently expected to go largely
into the improvement business and give Indianapolis
an especially elevating lift. Thus started the first
speculative movement in the history of the city. The
Legislature did not disappoint expectation. The
" Internal Improvement Bill," giving State aid to five
or six railroad, turnpike, and canal projects, notably
the Central Canal and the Madison Railroad, and
ordering the issue of ten million dollars of bonds
to make the aid effective, was passed on the 26th of
January, 1836, and was welcomed in advance on the
16th with bonfires and a brilliant illumination, the
first ever witnessed here, and the saddest in the out-
come that was ever witnessed anywhere. The canal
it was known would pass through one of the western
streets, and speculation moved that way. Some of
the heaviest sales that had ever been made were of
lots on Washington Street, along the two blocks be-
tween Mississippi and Missouri. William Quarles,
one of the most prominent criminal lawyers of the
State, built a residence as close to the line of the
canal as he could get. The settlement which had so
long been moving eastward, away from the river and
the site of the first settlement, began moving back.
Houses were rising rapidly and settlers coming in en-
couragingly. The great crash came the next year,
but it did not disturb the confidence of the people
here. The State's bonds still supplied money, kept
the public works going, and furnished means of spec-
ulation and appearances of prosperity; but in 1839
the shock fell with full force here, after sending
ahead premonitory tremors for several months. Prices
fell and speculators were ruined ; business was univer-
sally embarrassed ; real estate, both town and country,
was abundant but unavailable, — it would not bring
cash and could not pay debts. A good many sacri-
ficed all they had and even then did not pay all they
owed. Many others made compromises that enabled
them to look around and wait for chances, and finally
came out with a good start in another race. The
Bankrupt Act of 1841 proved a great help to strug-
gling honesty with unavailable means, yet fewer of
the business men of Indianapolis than of probably
any town in the State sought its relief. The great
" Internal Improvement System," which was expected
to prove so great a blessing, turned out an almost
unmitigated curse. For six years it burdened the
tax-payer and for twenty discredited the State. The
failure to keep up the interest in 1841 and thence
on to 1846, when the Butler compromise with the
bondholders was completed (by giving up the Wabash
Canal for seven million five hundred thousand dollars,
half of the principal debt, and issuing two and a
half per cent, bonds for the unpaid interest and five
per cent, bonds for the other half of the principal),
placed Indiana among the repudiating States, and was
a drag on her and the capital town for many a year.
The canal and railroad intended for this place were
not wholly thrown away, however. The Madison
Railroad was completed and running north to Vernon
a year or two before the panic struck it. Until 1843
the State operated it with little advantage to anybody.
Then it was sold to a company, as will be more par-
ticularly related in the part of the work treating
of " Transportation" and railroads. The canal was
worked in many places at once along a large part of
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
115
its length, but mainly from the river at Noblesville to
the lower part of Morgan County. A large force
was engaged in and near the town, and it was at that
time, from 1837 to 1839, that songs of " the canawl"
were so popular with the " uncultured." Some allu-
sion to them was made in the preceding chapter.
Of course there were frequent rows and bloody fights.
On one occasion in 1838 two factions of the Irish
hands kept up a fight nearly all day, engaging some
hundreds altogether and furnishing a good many sur-
gical subjects, but none fortunately for the sexton.
For two years long lines of little shanties, stuck in
among heaps of sand and piles of logs and brush cut
out of the line of the canal, were conspicuous features
of a dreary scene that they made doubly dreary.
Simultaneously with the canal work was going on the
grading and metaling of the National road, and the
two evil attractions brought here an unusual force of
worthless or mischievous characters, as noted in a
previous chapter. Their outrages both of violence
and theft became intolerable, and a public meeting
was called to devise a remedy. It was decided to
make an organization of the citizens, something like a
Vigilance Committee, with the conspicuous difference
that it was intended to enforce instead of supersede
the laws. This movement had a wholesome effect,
which was strengthened afterward by the rough hand-
ling of the leader, Burkhart, as related in the sketch
of the history of camp-meetings.
The canal was entirely completed between the city
and Broad Ripple, wliere there was a feeder-dam, and
for a time used a little for the legitimate purpose
of transporting wood and corn and occasional loads
of hay or lumber, and a good deal for the less legiti-
mate purpose of bathing and fishing. If passengers
ever used it they did it in a skiff. An eager run was
made for water-power, as will be noticed further along
in the account of the manufactures of this period.
A stone lock was put in at Market Street, and a race-
way taken westward north of Market, as may be seen
to-day, for mills nearer the river. Two wooden locks
were put in at the bluff of the swamp called " Palmer's
Glade," near the line of Kansas Street, but never
finished. The canal was never used for anything but
a mill-race below the stone lock, and for many of its
last years it was not used for that. It was made a sort
of open sewer, into which eveiybody who lived handy
threw their old boots and dead cats, ashes and rotten
cabbage, till it was too offensive to be borne. In 1870
it was abandoned altogether below Market Street, and
a sewer was laid in the bottom of it from Market to
Louisiana Street, where it connected with the main
sewer down Kentucky Avenue. Then it was rapidly
filled up as far down as Merrill Street, and in scattered
places farther south, till it was measurably effaced.
Recently it has been built in and over, and on the site
of the steel-rail rolling-mill has been so completely
destroyed that the most familiar eye fails to discern its
place, and only in a short " reach" above Morris
Street can any remains be detected. From Market
Street to the Ripple it is now an important adjunct of
the water-works, and is used for boating, swimming,
fishing, skating, and in packing far more than the
river is or ever was. The account of the changes in
this portion of it belongs to the sketch of the water-
works. The owners of the ground (or their assignees)
through which the canal diverged eastward from
Missouri Street at the crossing of Merrill, reaching
nearly to Tennessee Street, when abandoned by the
State's assignees as a means of navigation and hydraulic
power, reclaimed their proprietary rights. The In-
dianapolis, Cincinnati and Lafayette Railroad Com-
pany, which had purchased of the State's assignees the
lower part of the work, brought suit to restrain them
from filling it up or obstructing it. Judge Drum-
mond, of the United States Court, in an elaborate
opinion, sustained the rights of the original owners of
the ground, and thus this costly work was legally
allowed to be wiped out, so far as the lower station of
it is concerned. It was virtually finished, except an
aqueduct at Pleasant Run and some of the southern
creeks, nearly or quite to the Bluffs, but after the
abandonment of 1839 it was never used, never held
water, and was soon overgrown with underbrush.
2d. Before the organization of the town govern-
ment no attempt was made at manufacturing other
than the usual custom work of the mechanics who
are among the early settlers of all towns, except in
iron, leather, pottery, and the preparation of ginseng.
There were two pottery establishments in the place
116
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
as early as 1832 or earlier, and a third not far from
the same time. One of the early two was on Mary-
land Street, near Tennessee, the site of the Chamber
of Commerce, belonging to a Mr. Myers ; the other
was removed to make room for the State Bank build-
ing in 1840, and was established by Robert Brenton.
It occupied the peak between Illinois Street and
Kentucky Avenue, very near the first school-house.
The third was on Washington Street, north side,
near New Jer.?ey, and set its furnace in the "ravine"
that ran through the ground down to the creek, as
described in the '' topography" of the town. These
probably made ware for stock, besides what was made
on order, before the town organization. Daniel
Yandes, one of the industrial pioneers and benefactors
of the settlement, in connection with John Wilkius,
carried on a tannery on Alabama Street, near the site
of the city station-house, for several years before. As
early as 1830 or earlier James Blake and Nicholas
McCarty established a ginseng or, as it was called in
its day, a " sang"-factory, on the south bluflF of
Pogue's Run Valley, near the Cincinnati Railroad
depot site. Mr. McCarty bought the ginseng of
farmers here, and through his agents and branch
stores in other places, and Mr. Blake attended to the
preparation of it and its shipment to Philadelphia
for the Chinese market. Very near the time of the
first town organization Joshua Grover did some iron
foundry work, but nothing of any importance was at-
tempted till August, 1832. Then R. A. McPherson
& Co. established a considerable foundry on the west
side of the river, at the end of the bridge then in
progress. It failed, however, about the same time
the big steam-mill enterprise failed, as before related.
These are all of the more extended industries that
preceded the town government. There were the
grist- and saw-mills and carding-machines, and the
usual blacksmith, carpenter, wagon-maker, tailor,
shoemaker, cabinet, and other shops, and the town
fiddler. Bill Bagwell, made cigars on the southwest
corner of Illinois and Maryland Streets, but the
workmen usually kept no journeymen, and did all
their own work for cu.stomers. For twenty years or
more apprentices were taken under indenture to learn
the trade and live with their masters, getting a sum
of money and a suit of clothes at twenty-one, but the
apprentice system passed away with the changes
brought by the railroads. It is supposed that Mr.
Johnson, who established the first stage line in 1828,
opened a shop for coach repairs, and later for manu-
facture, about the time of the establishment of the
town government.
Enterprise began to appear more conspicuously
soon after this. In 1834, John L. Young and Wil-
liam Wernweg started the first brewery, on Maryland
Street, south side, halfway between Missouri and
West. About 1840 it was taken by Joseph Laux,
and later by Mr. Meikel. About the same time a
rope-walk was started on Market Street, east of the
market-house, and a linseed-oil mill was put in opera-
tion by John S. Barnes and Williamson Maxwell in
a stable on the alley south of Maryland Street, near
Missouri, close to the grounds of the present ward
school. Scudder & Hannaman got it the next year,
and moved it to the river bank in 1839. In 1835
the same enterprising firm began the manufacture of
tobacco in the log building on Kentucky Avenue,
below Merrill, where a carding-machine, run by
horse-power, had previously been operated. In that
year James Bradley, with one or two associates, cut,
cured, and packed pork in Myers' old pottery-shop,
on the site of the Chamber of Commerce, for the first
time in the history of the place. It was the feeble
beginning, ending in failure, of what has grown to be
the largest industrial interest of the city. Its ill-
fortune warned enterprise away for several years, but
when it came again, a half-dozen years later, it
" came to stay." In 1835, Robert Underbill and
John Wood started a steam foundry on Pennsyl-
vania Street, near the site of the Second Presby-
terian Church, and maintained it successfully in
making plow points, mill gearing, and domestic hol-
low-ware till 1852, when he removed to South Penn-
sylvania Street, began a larger establishment, failed,
and left the building to other uses, and it was burned
in 1858. In 1836-37, Young & Pottage, carrying
on the hardware business, on the southwest corner of
Meridian and Washington Streets, engaged John J.
Nash to make carpenters' planes, and the excellence
of his work commanded a profitable trade as long as
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
117
the firm continued. In 1836, Hiram Devinney be-
gan the manufacture of mattresses, cushions, and
similar work, near Maryland Street and the line of
the canal. In 1839, Scudder & Hannanian built a
carding-mill on the river bank, near the site of the
water-works, and added some spinning, weaving,
and fulling machinery. About the same time Na-
thaniel West established a mill of the same kind at
the crossing of the canal and the Michigan road,
long called Cottontown. He also carried on cotton-
spinning there at the same time. At very nearly
the same time a German by the name of Protzman,
the first leader of the first brass band in the town,
began the manufacture of soap, on the canal, near
McCarty Street, then a lane, among cow-pastures and
cornfields; and about that time, too, Nicholas Mc-
Carty began the manufacture of hemp, grown on his
Bayou farm, on the canal, near the present line of
Ray Street. Within a few months William Sheets
established the first paper-mill on the canal and race
at Market Street, and maintained it successfully
nearly all his life after. In 1839 or 1840 a hay-
press was set up on the lot opposite the northwest
corner of the State-House Square, and a considerable
quantity of hay was pressed there for shipment by
flat-boats down the Mississippi River. There were
two or three at one time, but the business was not
maintained long. These early industries will be noticed
more particularly in the department of Manufactures.
It will be noticed that several of the industries re-
ferred to here were started in 1838 and 1839, just
before the failure of the public works. The canal,
it was confidently believed, would some time be
completed, and, in any event, it supplied a consider-
able water-power, which could be leased on favorable
terms of the State. This is the explanation of the
matter. By the 11th of June, 1838, sites were
leased for one woolen-mill and one cotton-mill, two
paper-mills, one oil-, two grist-, and two saw-mills,
and the buildings soon after erected and set to work.
There was long complaint of the inadequacy of the
power, and the frequent obstructions from grasses
and other vegetable growths, and of the ofi'ensiveness
of the canal-bed when the water was shut off to allow
the grass to be cut. The Legislature ordered it sold
Jan. 19, 1850, and it was sold in 1851 to Gould &
Jackson, who sold the next fall to the " Central
Canal Hydraulic Water- Works and Manufacturing
Company," an association whose multitudinous name
was the best part of it. From that concern the canal
passed to other hands, and finally, as already stated,
into the possession of the present W^ater-Works
Company, where it is likely to stay.
In February, 1835, the State Board of Agriculture
was chartered by the Legislature, with James Blake,
Larkin Siinms, John Owen, and M. M. Henkle direc-
tors, of whom Mr. Blake was president, and Mr.
Henkle secretary. They offered premiums for essays,
and made rules for the organization of county asso-
ciations. A State Agricultural Convention was held
in the State-House Dec. 14, 1835, and two or three
smaller meetings were held annually afterwards, but
the enterprise was premature. A County Society was
formed in June, 1835, with Nathan B. Palmer as
president and Douglass Maguire as secretary, and col-
lected subscriptions for a premium fund, aided to the
extent of fifty dollars by the board of justices, which
was disbursed on the last day of October in one hun-
dred and eighty-four dollars of premiums on exhibi-
tions made in the court-house yard at that time. For
the premiums of the next fair four hundred dollars
was subscribed, and the exhibitions promised to be-
come as permanent as the State Fairs are now, but
the crash of 1837 ruined this with many another
promising project of improvement. The " Benevolent
Society," still the most extensive, active, and effective
of the city's charities, was organized in November,
1835, with much the same arrangement as now, — a
president, secretary, treasurer, depositary, and visitors.
The latter collected clothes, money, household goods,
groceries, anything that the destitute could use, and
stored them with the depositary, to be delivered on
proper orders. Several associations have been formed
on the same plan since, particularly the " Ladies'
Relief Society" and the " Flower Blission," but one
has disbanded, and the other, active and beneficent as
it is, can hardly hope to reach the extent of service
of the association now nearly a half-century old.
3d. The improvement of educational agencies in
this interval following the institution of the town gov-
118
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MAKION COUNTY.
ernment was hardly less conspicuous than the improve-
ment of business and real estate, and it was much
more durable. The " Old Seminary" was finished in
1834, and first occupied by the late Gen. Ebenezer
Dumont, Sept. 1, 1834. The following January he
was succeeded by William J. Hill, who afterwards
taught in the old carpenter-shop on the northwest
corner of Market and Delaware Streets, where he was
succeeded in 1836 by Josephus Cicero Worrall, as he
always signed himself in his magniloquent quarterly
announcements. Thomas D. Gregg, who died some
years ago and left a handsome bequest to the city,
succeeded Mr. Hill in May, 1836, in the seminary,
and William Sullivan, for many years a justice of the
peace and still living, honored by everybody, followed
in December, 1836. Rev. William A. Holliday,
father of John H., the founder of the Indianapolis
Mews, came next in August, 1837. James S. Kem-
per, still annually honored in the reunions of the
"Old Seminary Boys," succeeded Mr. Holliday in the
summer of 1838, and continued till 1845, when Rev.
J. P. Safibrd, recently deceased in Zanesville, Ohio,
succeeded for a short time, and was followed by Mr.
B. L. Lang till 1852. Mr. Kemper's methods and
success, and his long retention of the school, made
him and the seminary so popular as to draw pupils
from other States, and the course of study was as
thorough in all branches as that of most colleges. A
large number of the prominent men of the city and
State were pupils at the Old Seminary. Five years
ago they formed an association called the " Old Semi-
nary Boys," gray-headed and bald-headed fathers and
grandfathers, to hold annual reunions, and with their
families renew old games, associations, and memories.
Twice Mr. Kemper and his wife have been present,
and once Mr. Lang was present. The officers now
are : President, Calvin Fletcher ; Secretary, George
W. Sloan ; Corresponding Secretary, Oliver M. Wilson ;
Treasurer, Ingram Fletcher ; Historian, B. R. Sul-
grove. In 1878, at the first reunion, there were
" Old Boys" present who had not met their old
school-mates and teacher, Mr. Kemper, in forty years.
It was a gathering almost unique in any country of
the world, and entirely so in Indiana. A meeting of
the school-boys and teacher of a school long past in a
house long torn away, after the lapse of forty years,
was something to remember, at least for the partici-
pants. The seminary in 1853 was taken into the
free-school system, then first made practical. More
wil> be said of the schools in the proper place.
A few years later than the opening of the County
Seminary, mainly for boys, though girls attended for
a short time, the Misses Axtell opened a school of
corresponding grade for girls exclusively. It was
called the " Indianapolis Female Institute," and was
chartered by the Legislature at the session of 1836—
37. The first term began June 14, 1837, in the
upper story of the Sanders Block, on Washington
near Meridian Street. Subsequently a removal was
made to the upper rooms on the same street a half-
block east of Meridian, where the city offices were
kept for a time, and burned in the winter of 1851-52.
Soon after a frame building was erected on the grounds
of the old Presbyterian Church on Pennsylvania
Street, south of the Exchange Block, and the insti-
tute taken there, where it remained while the Misses
Axtell lived. These two schools were a great ad-
vance on those previous to their establishment ; but
they were not " alone in their glory." In October,
1847, Gilman Marston, since of national reputation
as a member of Congress from New Hampshire, a
general during the civil war, and a Territorial Gov-
ernor since the war, opened a school in the rooms
afterwards taken by the Axtells, in connection with
Mrs. Eliza Richmond. The next summer they re-
moved to a frame specially built for them on Circle
Street, near the site of the residence of Mr. W. H.
English. It was called " Franklin Institute," and
looked like a country church. Mr. Marston left it
the following year, 1839, and was succeeded by Or-
lando Chester, who died in 1840, and then Mr. John
Wheeler took it and kept for a couple of years, when
it was abandoned. In November, 1839, Mrs. Britton,
wife of the Episcopalian minister, opened a female
seminary on Pennsylvania Street, near the Underbill
foundry, afterwards removed to the building north of
Christ Church, and long known as " St. Mary's Semi-
nary," under Mrs. Johnson, wife of a successor of
3Ir. Britton in the rectory.
From 1836, Josephus Cicero Worrall kept what
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
119
he called the " Indianapolis Academy" in the old
building above referred to. He was a " character,"
and not by any means a pleasant one. He did not
know much, but he could make polysyllabic poluphlos-
boyant announcements of the approaching opening
of his terms that puzzled the little dictionaries of the
day, and would have delighted the classic ears of
" Lorenzo Altisonant." They were the periodical
jokes of the town. His tastes and habits were as
eccentric as his literature. His fondness for tobacco
was a ravenous hunger. He tore it off in wads of a
mouthful, and crunched it with the eagerness of a
hungry Hoosier at a show on a " quarter section" of
gingerbread. He smoked as much as he chewed,
and he smoked while he chewed. When he didn't
smoke he kept the stub of a cigar in his mouth
and mumbled it, while he rolled a quid as a sweet
morsel under his tongue. When he undertook to ex-
plain some mathematical intricacy to a pupil he would
spit a shower of damp tobacco flakes on the slate and
rub them off to one side like snow off a sidewalk.
He whipped incessantly, with little care for provoca-
tion, but usually contented himself with a single stroke
of a beech switch applied to the pupil in her seat,
face to the wall and back turned out, as the house
was arranged. He generally made a circuit of the
three seated sides of the room about four times in each
session of the day, and whipped about one pupil in three
in each round. He made the boys saw or chop his
wood and carry it into his residence, which was a
little shed adjoining the school-house on the north.
Some of them were required to lose their Saturday's
holiday to help him move to a little frame on the
southeast corner of Delaware and Ohio Streets. The
girls were made to help his wife take care of the
baby, or wash, or do other housework. Of course
everybody, boys and girls, detested him. On Christ-
mas-day, 1837, they " barred him out," the first and
only time that this old game was played with a teacher
in Indianapolis. He was not allowed to get in till he
" treated," which he did with a half-dollar's worth of
cider and apples, and got most of both himself His
school continued in a feeble way after Mr. Kemper
took the seminary for five or six years.
Contemporaneously with Mr. Worrall another char-
acter, that would be called in the apt slang of the day
and Guiteau a " crank," taught a small school of small
boys in the lower room of a frame building on the
opposite side of Market Street from the " Academy."
His name was Main, and he was a Scotchman of un-
doubted but utterly unavailable learning. He was as
fond of snuff as his compeer of the other school was
of tobacco, and he carried a Scotch " mull," made of
horn and capped with silver, that would hold a half-
pint at least. He was very absent-minded, and given
to sitting with his spectacles dropped low on the tip
of his nose and gazing away off in the atmosphere,
as completely lost to his surroundings as if he were
asleep, or holding his head squeezed between his hands
with his elbows on the table, staring fixedly at a
crack or a nail-hole as a mesmeric subject stares at a
dime to induce sleep. In the.se moods he noticed
nothing about him. The boys could play marbles,
or pull pins, or run out-doors and roll round in the
weeds in perfect safety. If the old fellow should
come out of his reverie he would notice no disorder,
and had usually to bo prompted to know what his
next class was. If he wandered off dreaming while
hearing a recitation, as he sometimes did, he had to
be told what the class was and where the recitation
had stopped when he came to himself. Not unfre-
quently he would sit through the better of a half-
day's session and never think of calling a class unless
reminded by some importunate and preposterous pupil,
a weakness, however, that very few boys could re-
proach themselves with. He taught but a single
quarter, and then removed, with his brother, a tailor
and his brother-in-law, the first stone-cutter, or one of
the first, a Mr. Spear, to Arkansas. But very few,
even of the old residents, ever knew anything of him
or can now recall him, he was so retiring and indif-
ferent to company. Of the earlier private schools
and of the public schools an account will be given in
the chapter of schools, with a notice of all the educa-
tional institutions of the city.
4th. During the short period under consideration
were established some of those business conveniences
which in old communities soon become necessities ;
that is, banks and insurance companies and protection
against, as well as indemnity for, damage by fire. The
120
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
State Bank was chartered Jan. 28, 1834, to run for
twenty-five years. The State took half of the stock,
and appointed the president and half of the directors.
Bonds called " bank bonds" were issued to pay out the
State's stock, and made payable from the State's divi-
dends. These dividends were to be employed as a
sinking fund, and make loans to accommodate farmers
and purchasers of land primarily on mortgage security ;
the president of tlie bank to be president of the fund
management. The profits of the fund as well as
the principal were to be applied first to pay the bank
bonds, and the remainder was to go to the school fund.
So judiciously was this fund managed that when it
was wound up finally some twenty years ago it paid
to the support of free schools a permanent fund of
nearly four million dollars. The first president of
the bank and fund was Samuel Merrill, State treas-
urer ; the first State directors, Calvin Fletcher, Seton
W. Norris, Robert Morrison, and Thomas H. Scott.
James M. Ray was appointed cashier, and remained
so till the bank was wound up. In the first place ten
branches were created in the principal towns of the
State, but the number was finally increased to sixteen.
Samuel Merrill was president till 1840, when he was
made president of the Madison Railroad. He was
succeeded by Judge James Morrison till 1850, he
by the late Gen. Ebenezer Dumont till 1855, and
he by Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury,
succeeding Mr. Fessenden. W. H. Talbott was
president of the sinking fund in its last years while
closing up, about 1863 to 1864. The first location
of the mother-bank was in the Governor's house in
the Circle, then on Washington Street, and was re-
moved to its own building, corner of Illinois Street
and Kentucky Avenue, in 1840. In 1837, when the
great financial crash came, the bank and all its
branches suspended specie payment May 18th, and
remained suspended till Jan. 15, 1842, when the
Legislature ordered resumption. This course did not
impair either the credit or usefulness of the institu-
tion.
The Indianapolis Branch was organized Nov. 11,
1834, with Hervey Bates, president, and Bethuel F.
Morris, cashier. The location was on the south side
of Washington Street, on the site of the present
Vance Block. The oflBcers and location were retained
together till 1840, when the building corner of
Pennsylvania Street and Virginia Avenue, corre-
sponding in situation to the parent bank, was finished
and the institution removed there. Some years after
Calvin Fletcher was made president in place of Mr.
Bates, and Thomas H. Sharpe cashier in place of Mr.
Morris, and these remained till the bank was wound
up. Of the Bank of the State, the successor of the
State Bank, but with no State interest in it, an ac-
count will be found under the head of " Banks," with
a notice of all the banking establishments of the city.
In this connection may be noticed the first private
bank ever opened here. It was owned by Mr. John
Wood, one of the firm in the Pennsylvania Street
foundry, and began business in 1838. He failed in
September, 1841. In 1839, Edward S. Alvord &
Co. did a private banking business for four or five
years. At the same time Stoughton A. Fletcher,
brother of Calvin, began the same business, either at
first or soon after joined by William D. Wygant, on
Washington Street, and that was the beginning of a
most successful business, now in its forty-fourth year,
as Fletcher & Churchman's bank.
The first insurance company was organized here
March 16, 1836, under a fifty-year charter, with a cap-
ital of two hundred thousand dollars. Douglass Ma-
guire was president, and Caleb Scudder secretary. It
never did much, but was in operation till shortly before
the outbreak of the war. In 1865 the stock passed
into the hands of able managers and a new company
was organized, with William Henderson as president,
and Alexander C. Jameson as secretary. The Indi-
ana Mutual Fire Insurance Company was chartered
Jan. 30, 1837, and organized the next month, with
James Blake as president, and Charles W. Cady as
secretary and actuary and general manager. It did
well for a few years, but the plan was said to be inef-
fectively contrived, and it met some serious losses and
became insolvent, going out altogether about the year
1850.
On the completion of the State-House in 1835, the
Legislature provided for its protection from fire by
ordering its insurance and the purchase of twenty
leather fire-buckets, and ladders long enough to reach
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
121
the roof. It also proposed to pay half of the cost of
a fire-engine if the citizens would subscribe the other
h;ilf. A meeting was held February 12th to consider
the proposition. The old fire company of 1827 reor-
ganized as the Marion Fire Hose and Protection Com-
pany, famous for many a year after the '' Old Marion,"'
and the main dependence of the volunteer department
for more than twenty years. Caleb Scudder was the
first captain. The meeting requested the trustees to
levy a tax to pay the town's share of the cost of the
engine, and it was done, aided by individual subscrip-
tions, and the Marion end-brake hand-engine, manned
by twenty-eight to thirty men, and able to throw an
inch stream two hundred feet, was bought of Merrick
& Co., Philadelphia, for one thousand eight hundred
dollars. The State built a little one-story house for it
in 18.36, but in 1837 the town built a two-story frame
north side of the Circle, with a room for the Council
on the second story. It was burned in 1851. The
company was incorporated the next year. A second
company was formed in 18-10, but an account of the
whole fire department from the first will be found
under that caption. Five fire-wells were made in
1835-36.
The State militia system, as already described, fell
into disuse and discredit soon after the settlement of
the town, and no substitute was attempted by State or
local or individual influence till 1837. Then a meet-
ing was held on the 22d of February to form a mili-
tary company. Alexander W. Russell, the old militia
colonel, was made captain, and succeeded the next
year by Gen. Thomas A. Morris, then but a few years
out of West Point. He distinguished himself in the
first campaign of the civil war in West Virginia by
really doing all the planning and work that made that
so brilliant a success. Gen. McClellan was still in the
East, and arrived just in time to see the completion
of Gen. Morris' work, and appropriate all the credit
of it. This company continued to drill and parade
and decorate public occasions by its excellent drill and
handsome gray uniform faced with black velvet till
1845. The company was incorporated in 1838. The
following year the Marion Rifles formed a company
under Capt. Thomas McBaker. Their uniform was
a blue cotton "hunting-shirt" fringed, with blue
breeches, and they were armed with the clumsiest
breech-loading rifles that were ever invented.
A notable event of this period was the completion
and opening of what may be fairly called the first
"hotel" in the place, in 1836, the "Washington
Hall," turned into the " Glenn Block" and New
York Store in 1859. It was kept for many years by
the late Edmund Browning, and was the Whig head-
quarters as long as there was a Whig party, as the
Palmer House was the headquarters of the Dem-
ocracy. A complete account of the hotels will be
found in another part of the work. The Palmer
House, now Occidental, it may be observed here, was
begun in the latter part of 1839, and opened in 18-11
by John C. Parker, of Charleston, Clarke Co., Ind.
The first editorial convention was held here May 29,
1837. The first ladies' fair was held December 31st
of the year for the benefit of the Ladies' Missionary
Society, and made two hundred and thirty dollars.
Professor C. P. Bronson, the first noted elocutionist
that visited Central Indiana, lectured Aug. 30, 1836.
At the second meeting of the County Agricultural So-
ciety, Calvin Fletcher, the orator of the occasion, said
that one million three hundred thousand bushels of
corn had been produced on thirteen hundred farms in
the county. Luke Munsell and William Sullivan both
published maps of the town in 1836, the former May
30th, and the latter in October. Revs. James Havens
and John C. Smith held a great camp-meeting that
year on the Military Ground, August 25th to 30th,
and made one hundred and thirty conversions. In
1837, while the metaling of the National road in
Washington Street was going on, the trustees took
measures to improve the sidewalks. They were made
fifteen feet wide in the original plan, but were subse-
quently widened to twenty, and the ninety-feet street-
walks were originally changed from ten to twelve, and
later to fifteen. The property-holders resisted the
changes because it increased the expense of improve-
ment, which was charged against the property. This
was the first street improving ever attempted. The
first clothing-store was opened here in 1838 by Ben-
jamin Orr. In 1839 a mistake of eight acres was
discovered in the original survey of the donation.
Congress generously added the ground to the donation
122
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
in 1840, on the memorial of the Legislature. The
first Thanksgiving ever held in the State was in 1839,
.on a proclamation of Governor Wallace fixing Thurs-
day, the 28th of November, as the day. The winter
of 1838-39 saw the first attempt at a regular the-
atrical exhibition with orchestra, scenery, and all the
usual adjuncts of the stage. The manager was a Mr.
Lindsay. His theatre was the wagon-shop of Mr.
Ollaman, on Washington Street, opposite the court-
house. He returned in 1840-41, and made a theatre
of an old printing-ofBce on the present site of the
News building. A few years later another company
gave concerts and dramatic exhibitions in the upper
room of Gaston's carriage- factory, site of the Bates
House.
On the 12th of February, 1839, the Legislature
ordered the State officers to buy the residence, re-
cently finished, of Dr. John H. Sanders, corner of
Illinois and Market Streets, for a residence for the
Governor. Until that time the need of an official
Executive residence had not been felt. Governor
Noble, the predecessor of Governor Wallace, was a
resident of the town, and lived during his two terms
in his own house. So did Governor Ray, who, as
acting Governor for a year succeeding iu the fraction
of the term of Governor Hendricks, who had gone
to the National Senate, and for two terms, or six
years, as regularly elected Executive, held the office
nearly all the time after the removal of the capital
from Corydon. But Governor Wallace came from
Brookville, had no residence here, and for some time
lived in a two-story house on the south side of Wash-
ington Street, just west of the canal. The Executive
mansion was occupied all the time from 1839 till
1863, in the fall, when Governor Morton abandoned
it on account of its unhealthiness, and went to board-
ing with his family till he made a purchase of the
residence on the southeast corner of Pennsylvania and
New York Streets, where he lived the remainder of
his life, and died in the fall of 1877. The Governors
all suffered in that house. Governor Bigger, who
succeeded Governor Wallace, seems to have contracted
there the disease that carried him ofi' soon after he
left the office. Governor Whitcomb, who married
while occupying the house, lost his young wife there.
Governor Wright lost his first wife there. Governor
Willard's wife was always ill while there. Governor
Lane only held the office two or three days, and never
had a chance to test the morbific influence of the
house, but Governor Morton did and left. It and
the quarter of a square, or one acre, of ground about •
were sold in 1865, and compact masses of business
houses cover the whole space.
In May, 1838, the split that had for some time
been moving deeper into the Presbyterian brotherhood
reached Indianapolis and a division was made, fifteen
members withdrawing and forming the Second Church,
Nov. 19, 1838, under Rev. J. H. Johnson. In May,
1839, Henry Ward Beecher was called from Lawrence-
burg, where he began his now famous ministry, and
served here till Sept. 19, 1847. The Episcopalians,
who had been using the court-house for a church
since 1835 occasionally, organized a church in the
spring of 1837, and built Christ Church the next
year. A sketch of the history of all the churches
will treat these more fully.
The first murders in the town took place in the
seven years of this period which have been under
consideration. On the 8th of May, Michael Van
Blaricum drowned William McPherson while ferrying
him across the river, just below the line of the present
Washington Street bridge, by wilfully rocking and
upsetting the boat. His motive appears to have been
a sort of contemptuous dislike of his victim, whom
he regarded as what in these days is called a " dude,"
and probably meant no worse than to duck him and
spoil his clothes. He asserted that he intended no
more. But he was convicted and sent to the peniten-
tiary for three years in October, 1834. He was par-
doned when his time was about half out. He was the
ferryman of the ferry at that point. The second
murder was bloodier and less excusable. It was
committed April 27, 1836, by Arnold Lashley on
Zachariah Collins. Lashley was a coach-maker, who
had succeeded the Johnsons in the establishment on
the site now occupied by the post-office and the busi-
ness houses north of it on the east side of Pennsyl-
vania Street, a Kentuckian and a hot-tempered fellow.
Collins was a charcoal-burner who supplied Lashley's
establishment. On the day of the homicide he had
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
123
brought in a wagon-load of coal, and was unloading
it in the usual place, when Lashley complained that
the coal was dirty, and ordered him to stop unloading
it. Collins seems to have been as surly as Lashley
was fiery, and went coolly on with his work ; after a
few words more of remonstrance, Lashley seized a
single-tree lying on the floor and struck Collins on
the head or neck, killing him instantly. He was
arrested, and after a preliminary examination held to
bail. While under bail he ran away and was never
seen or heard of here again. Not long after this an
Indianapolis or Marion County man of the name of
McDowell had a quarrel with some one at a race in
Hamilton County, and killed him by a blow that
broke his neck.
In 1838-39 a market-house was built for the
western part of the town on the west side of Ten-
nessee Street at the crossing of Ohio. Ephraim Cole-
/Stock was paid three thousand eight hundred and fifty
dollars for it, and for making an addition to the East
Market. The new house was not used at all for four or
five years, and never was used like the old one, though
a larger and every way better house. The south end
of the same square (held by the State) was occupied
by the Arsenal during the war. When the State de-
cided to build a new State-House, the city surrendered
the market-house and vacated Market Street, thus
giving the State-House two unbroken squares, with
the intervening street making nearly nine acres.
The last division of the second period of the city's
history is that extending from the abandonment of
the public works to the completion of the first rail-
road and the organization of the town under a city
charter in 1847. Its leading features are : 1st, The
establishment of the State benevolent institutions or
asylums, or the adoption of measures with that object,
in 1843 and the two or three succeeding years ;
2d, Political events and excitements ; 3d, Incidents
wholly local and not important, but worth attention
as marks of a development ; 4th, Religious move-
ments.
1st. The Legislature, having been repeatedly so-
licited by petitions and memorials to make some
provision for the insane, deaf and dumb, and blind
of the State, in 1839 addressed Congress on the
subject of a grant to assist in making such a pro-
vision. This was never done, and there was no good
reason why it should have been done or should have
been asked. On the 31st of January, 1842, Gover-
nor Bigger was ordered by the Legislature to corre-
spond with the Governors of other States and the
officers of like institutions and ascertain the cost and
modes of construction and management of insane
hospitals, and on the 13th of February, 1843, was
ordered to obtain plans to be submitted to the next
Legislature. This was done, with the effect of se-
curing a tax of one cent on one hundred dollars to
create a "building fund for an insane hospital here.
This was the 15th of January, 1844. On the 13th
of January, 1845, Dr. John Evans, Dr. L. Dunlap,
and James Blake were appointed commissioners to
select a site of not exceeding two hundred acres.
They chose Mount Jackson, then the home of the
Indiana poetess, Mrs. Sarah T. Bolton, and her hus-
band, the first editor in Indianapolis or the New Pur-
chase. They reported the selection with a building
plan to the Legislature the following session of 1845-
46, and on the 19th of January, 1846, they were
ordered to begin work on the building, and to sell
Hospital Square 22, and apply the proceeds, with
fifteen thousand dollars from the State treasury, to
the work. The central building was begun the same
year and finished in 1847, at a cost of seventy-five
thousand dollars. The south wing was added in
1853-56, and the north wing in 1866-69. A great
many minor changes and additions have been made at
one time or another. The frontage is six hundred
and twenty-four feet. The centre building is five
stories high, including a basement and top half-story.
A belvidere on the centre building is one hundred
and three feet above the ground. The wings are three
and four stories high. The third floor of the build-
ing in the rear of the centre is used as a chapel,
with a seating capacity of three hundred. The other
two stories are used by the employes as kitchen and
dining-room, steward's office, sewing-rooms, and the
like. In the rear of this building is the engine
building, with pumps and heating pipes and other
necessary apparatus. A sewage system discharges
into Eagle Creek. Water is supplied by a system of
124
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
water-works on the Holly plan, like that of the city,
with ample protection by fire-plugs and hose against
fire. The whole structure is lighted with gas. It
can accommodate six hundred or more patients at a
time, with the necessary attendants. The superin-
dents have been, in order of succession, Dr. John
Evans, Dr. R. J. Patterson, Dr. James S. Athon,
Dr. James H. Woodburn, Dr. Wilson Lockhart, Dr.
Orpheus Everts, Dr. Rogers, and Dr. William B.
Fletcher. The last has very recently introduced the
system of intelligent restraint and kind treatment
in place of manacles and strait-waistcoats, with, so
far, decided success. A few years ago the Legisla-
ture concluded to make additional provision for the
insane, who could not be accommodated in the old
building, and ordered a new one, directly north of the
old one, on a plan furnished by the late Edwin M.ay,
architect of the new State-House. It was two or
three years in building, and has but recently been
finished. It is used mainly or wholly for female pa-
tients, and will accommodate suitably some seven
or eight hundred. The frontage is about eleven
hundred feet, with a centre building and three wings
on each side of it, each one retiring some feet back
from the line of the other, making the front a series
of steps. It is nearly three hundred feet through
the centre to the line joining the rear of the extreme
wings. Within the year sites have been selected by
commissioners for asylums for the incurably insane,
for whom hitherto no provision has been made, though
warmly urged by Governor Baker ten years ago.
There are to be five of them, located at different suit-
able points in the State. The sites selected are Fort
Wayne, Evansville, Richmond, Terre Haute, and La-
fayette. At present, and ever since the asylum has
been open, patients found to be incurable have been
returned to their friends to make room for curable
patients. In 1857, in consequence of the failure of
appropriations in a party quarrel in the State Sen-
ate, the asylums were all closed and the inmates re-
turned to their homes. The insane in some cases
were put in poor-houses. In others the counties
made arrangements to pay for their care in the State
institution here. This paralysis continued for four
or five months, and then Governor Willard concluded
to borrow money and reopen the institutions, but it
was some time before they fully recovered from the
blow.
On the 13th of February, 1843, the Legislature
levied a tax of one-fifth of a cent on one hundred dol-
lars, for a fund to establish an asylum for deaf mutes.
In the spring following William Willard, a deaf
mute teacher in the Ohio institution, came here and
opened a private school for similar sufferers in Octo-
ber, receiving sixteen pupils the first year. On the
15th of January, 1844, the Legislature made the
school a State institution, and Governor Whitcomb,
Secretary of State William Sheets, Treasurer of
State George H. Dunn, Rev. Phineas D. Gurley,
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Rev. Love H. Jameson,
Judge James Morrison, Dr. L. Dunlap, and Rev.
Matthew Simpson were appointed trustees, with
authority to rent a room and employ necessary
teachers. They rented the residence, a large two-^
story frame, recently erected by Dr. George W. Stipp,
on the southeast corner of Maryland and Illinois
Streets. The State Asylum or school was opened
here Oct. 1, 1844, one year after the opening of Mr.
Willard's private school. In 1845 the Governor by
authority appointed a new board of trustees, but con-
tinued most of the old members on it. In 1846 the
school was removed to the three-story brick Kinder
building on the south side of Washington Street near
Delaware, and remained there four years, till the
completion of the asylum building at the corner of
Washington Street and State Avenue, in October,
1850. This site was selected in 1846, the trustees
making a purchase of thirty acres for the necessary
grounds. The building was erected in 1848-49, at
a cost of thirty thousand dollars. Additions have
since been made to it and to the ground, so that the
latter now contains one hundred and five acres, and
the aggregate cost of the former has been about
two hundred and twenty thousand dollars. The
grounds are beautifully ornamented with forest and
other shade-trees and various kinds of flowers and
shrubbery, with winding walks and drives and a con-
servatory, besides playgrounds and an orchard and
vegetable garden. The larger portion is used for
pasture and farm ground. Mr. Willard was superin-
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
125
tendent till 1845, then James S. Brown was
appointed, and served till 1853, when he was suc-
ceeded by Thomas Molntyre, who was retired under
a change of system and management about three
years ago. The number of pupils varies from year
to year, but will run from two hundred and fifty
to three hundred usually. Successful efi"orts have
recently been made to teach articulate speech by
motion of the lips.
In 1844-45, during the session of the Legislature,
some of the pupils of the Kentucky Blind Asylum
came here, under charge of the late William H.
Churchman, and gave exhibitions at Bcecher's church,
which the legislators attended largely, and seemed
deeply interested in one of them. Mr. Dirk Rous-
seau, senator from Greene, and brother of the late
Gen. Lovell H. Rousseau, proposed an arithmetical
problem for one of the blind boys to solve by mental
process, and not making it very clear in his oval state-
ment he wrote it out, took it up to the pulpit, and
carefully held it before the sightless eyes, reading it
slowly, and tracing every line with his finger. For a
moment the absurdity of the thing did not strike the
audience, and then it all came at once in a roar that
shook the house, and that first wakened the senator's
attention. He blushed, laughed, and came down to
his seat. The Legislature was fully satisfied with the
evidence afl'orded by this exhibition, and levied a two-
mill tax to establish a blind asylum. The Secretary of
State, John H. Thompson, Auditor Horatio J. Harris,
Treasurer Royal Mayhew, with James M. Ray and
Dr. G. W. Mears, were made commissioners at the
following session to apply the two-mill fund, either
in approving a school here or maintaining the State's
pupils at the Ohio or Kentucky institutions. Mr.
Churchman was appointed to address the people of
the State on the subject, and ascertain the number
of blind requiring public assistance in acquiring an
education. On the 27th of January, 1847, Dr.
George W. Mears, Calvin Fletcher, and James M.
Ray were appointed commissioners to provide the
necessary buildings and make arrangements for a
school here, with an appropriation of five thousand
dollars for a site and furniture and other necessaries.
Seton W. Norris replaced Mr. Fletcher, who declined.
and the school was opened Oct. 1, 1847, in the same
building that the Deaf and Dumb School first occupied,
southeast corner of Maryland and Illinois Streets.
Nine pupils attended at first, but there were thirty
during the session. In September, 1848, a removal
was made to a three-story brick, erected for a work-
shop, on the asylum grounds, — the two squares north
of North Street, between Pennsylvania and Meridian
Streets, formerly " Pratt's Walnut Grove." Here
the school was kept till the completion of the asylum
proper in February, 1853. It was begun about three
years before. The cost of the original building and
grounds was one hundred and ten thousand dollars.
The main central building is ninety feet front by
sixty -one feet deep, and five stories high ; at each
end is a wing four stories high, thirty feet front by
eighty-three feet deep. The total front from east to
west is one hundred and fifty feet. A Corinthian
cupola crowns the centre building. A portico stands
in front of the centre, and iron galleries or colonnades
surround the two lower stories of the wings. The
average attendance of pupils is over one hundred, a
considerable majority of whom are usually females.
The superintendents have been William H. Church-
man, from Oct. 1, 1847, to Sept. 30, 1853; George
W. Ames, brother of the bishop, from Oct. 1, 1853,
to Sept. 30, 1855 ; William C. Larrabee, previously
a professor at Asbury University, and afterwards
editor of the Sentinel for a short time, from Oct. 1,
1855, to Jan. 31, 1857 ; James McWorkman, from
Feb. 1, 1857, to Sept. 10, 1861 ; William H. Church-
man again, from Oct. 10, 1861.
The Female Prison and Reformatory, a short dis-
tance northeast of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, was
recommended in the message of Governor Baker in
1869, and an appropriation of fifty thousand dollars
made for it, under the management of a board con-
sisting of Judge Elijah B. Martindale, of the city,
Gen. Asahel Stone, of Winchester, and Joseph I.
Irwin, of Columbus. They obtained a plan of Mr.
Hodgson, architect of the court-house, and went on
with the work as far as they could with the money.
The failure of appropriations in 1871 delayed and
greatly embarrassed the Board, and the institution
was not ready for the reception of subjects as early as
126
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
it should have been by two or three years. It has
now been in successful operation some eight years,
under the charge of Mrs. Sarah Smith, and has
realized all the reasonable expectations formed of its
service. A good deal of trouble has been caused by
the sewage of so large a house with so many inmates,
but the last Legislature made an arrangement with
the city to assist in building a sewer to connect with
the city system, which will remove all ground of com-
plaint. The Reformatory is one hundred and seventy-
four feet long, consisting of a main central building,
with side and traverse wings, one hundred and nine
feet long. The whole structure is two stories high,
with a basement and Mansard story. The completed
portion is but a fraction of the whole contemplated
structure, which is to be five hundred and twenty-five
feet long. The character and purpose of the institu-
tion may be best judged from the definition of them
in the act creating it, drawn by Governor Baker. A
" House of Refuge for the Correction and Reforma-
tion of Juvenile Ofienders" was provided for by an
act of the Legislature approved March 8, 1867, with
an appropriation of fifty thousand dollars and a board
of managers consisting of Charles F. Coffin, of Wayne
County, Judge A. C. Downey, of Ohio County, and
Gen. Joseph Orr, of La Porte County. The " family
system" of treatment was adopted under the superin-
tendence of Frank B. Ainsworth and his wife, who
began their service Aug. 27, 1867. On the 1st of
January, 1868, a workshop and three residences were
completed, and the Governor issued a proclamation
that the institution was ready to receive inmates.
The grounds contain two hundred and twenty-five
acres, a half-mile or so south of Plainfield, Hendricks
Co. The number of inmates is about two hundred
usually. The institution is noticed here, though not
in the county, because it forms part of the same system
as the Female Reformatory, and it was really drawn
to a central location by the capital.
2d. Until the fall of 1840 no man of national dis-
tinction had visited Indianapolis. Gen. Harrison was
here for a week in January, 1833, came on the 11th,
was banqueted and made a speech on the 17th, and
came again on the 13th of January, 1835 ; but at that
time Gen. Harrison was little known outside of the
" Northwest Territory," which was so largely indebted
to his courage and judgment, and it would be strain-
ing terms a little to speak of him as a man of
" national reputation." In those days of slow com-
munication and of newspapers that troubled them-
selves little with news, what was known in one sec-
tion was not quite so readily diffused in others as now,
when a night incident on the Pacific is known all
along the Atlantic on both sides the next morning at
breakfast. The nomination at Harrisburg in Decem-
ber, 1839, was a revelation to a good many well-
informed men east of the AUeghanies. For a number
of years the general had been clerk of Hamilton
County, withdrawn from public sight and interest, and
that seclusion had helped to make his an unfamiliar
name even at home among the generation that had
grown up since the days of Tippecanoe and Tecum-
seh. Thus it came that Indianapolis was all in a fer-
ment on the 13th of October, 1840, to see the Vice-
President of the United States and the reputed slayer
of the great Indian chief, the statesman. Col. Richard
M. Johnson. He passed the night of the 13th at
a tavern a few miles east of town, Aquiila Parker's
probably, and came in next morning at the head of
a long procession which had gone out two or three
miles to meet him. He was taken to the Walnut
Grove, on the square north of the site of the Blind
Asylum, and made a very indifferent little speech, in
which occurred two exhibitions of indifferent taste,
short as it was. Something required an allusion to
the preceding Sunday and something he had done
that day, and he said he had no scruples about doing
necessary work on Sunday, adding by way of humor-
ous enlargement that he " had written his Sunday
mail report on Sunday." This was a report on a series
of petitions from over-zealous religionists asking the
suppression of the transportation and distribution of
the mails on Sunday, made in 1828 and so well con-
structed that a good many believed somebody else
wrote it. Whether true or not, it was impertinent and
sure to be offensive to the religious element of the
population to say it was a Sunday job. In reference
to his public services he said he had " that morning at
the tavern stripped to the buff and showed a friend
who shared the room, the scars of five wounds re-
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
127
ceived at the battle of the Thames." As he was on
an electioneering tour, and within a month of the
election, there was a rather unpleasant savor of Roman
mode of electioneering in this public parade of his
wounds to solicit votes. He was a better fighter than
statesman. Tilghman A. Howard, who had been
beaten for Governor the August before, made the
speech of that occasion.
On the 11th of June, 1842, ex-President Van
Buren came here, and was received, like Col. John-
son, by a procession of military companies, firemen,
citizens on foot and horseback and in wagons and
carriages, with the music of the first brass band, and
taken to the Palmer House, where he was welcomed
in a formal speeeh, and responded, standing in the
open carriage, in a very neat and graceful little ex-
pression of gratitude and the usual civilities of such
occasions. He had a reception at the State-House,
by request of Governor Bigger, in the evening. The
next day being Sunday, he attended Beecher's church
in the morning and the Methodist in the evening, and
left on Monday by stage for Terre Haute, getting an
upset at Plainfield, it was said at the time.
Henry Clay, about whom a greater curiosity, and
for whom, in consequence of the strength of the Ken-
tucky settlers, a greater admiration was felt than for
any other man in the nation, came here on the 5th of
October, 18-12. He was received east of the town by
a greater crowd than was ever assembled here before,
and, says Mr. Ignatius Brown, " considering the
means of travel then and since, a greater crowd than
has ever been gathered since." A fine woods pasture
belonging to Governor Noble, east of his residence,
was the place of ceremonies, which consisted of
speeches and a profuse " lunch" it would be called
now, but wa.s called a "barbecue" then. There were
two or three speaking-stands, but none but his own
were used while Mr. Clay was speaking. He spoke
for more than an hour, and certainly did not surpass
anybody's expectations. There was no occasion for
feeling or enthusiasm in a formal speech of response
to a popular reception, and there was none on his side
and none due to his eloquence on the other. He was
followed by Senator John J. Crittenden and Governor
Thomas Metcalf, " the Old Stone Hammer," who both
made better speeches than their chief. They were
followed by Joseph Little White, a member of Con-
gress from the Madison District of this State, and he
made the best speech of the day. He was capable of
doing it at any time, except when Mr. Clay was fully
roused. He was a born orator, like Sargent S. Pren-
tiss, whom he greatly resembled in intellectual readi-
ness and affluence. Other speeches were made by
home orators, but they have passed away with the
occasion and are forty years deep in oblivion now.
The entertainment continued for two days longer, in
which a review of the military companies was held
by the Governor, a display of fire-works made, an agri-
cultural show visited, and, it was said, a three-mile
race witnessed between " Bertrand" and " Little Red"
on the first race-course ever opened here. It was
maintained but a few years, three or four from 1841,
and was situated on the south side of the Crawfords-
ville road, about a mile west of the river.
On the 5th of August, 1844, Gen. Cass visited the
town, and was received like his distinguished prede-
cessors, though with hardly so large a display of pop-
ular interest, and was escorted by the procession to
the Military Ground, where Governor Whitcomb
made a welcoming address, and the general re.sponded
at considerable length. A Presidential contest was at
its height, and he made a strong and long electioneer-
ing speech, followed by Senator Edward A. Hannegan
and others. He held a reception at the Palmer House,
and left in the evening for Dayton.
The great Presidential contest of 1840 excited no
more feeling in any town in the Union than in Indian-
apolis. Local meetings and mass-meetings, speeches,
Tippecanoe songs. Whig emblems, "log cabin" breast-
pins, little canoes, — the significance of which must be
traced through the final syllables of an Indian name
that had no relevancy to causes, — ostentatious parade
of cider-barrels, and imitations of " latch-strings,"
and scores of varied forms of enthusiasm that every-
body felt to be silly when the fever was gone, kept
the whole community in an incessant turmoil for
nearly a year. Processions in weather so cold that
enthusiastic Whigs froze their ears by keeping their
hats waving to their " hurrahs" too long, great " dug-
out" canoes filled with young ladies and little flags,
128
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
imitation cabins drawn on big ox-wagons, enormous
choruses to very silly songs were the leading features
of the Whig side of the contest. On the corner
where the Bates House stands, a cabin of buckeye
loCTg — a compliment to Gen. Harrison's Ohio residence
— was built, and barrels of cider kept constantly run-
ning when there was a Whig meeting in the town.
One of the Whig songs, and the most popular, because,
like the lion's part in the " Midsummer Night's
Dream," it " was nothing but roaring," and capable
of employing all the strength of all the lungs within
the radius of a half mile, began thus :
" What has caused this great commotion, motion, motion.
The country through?
It is the ball a rolling on for Tippecanoe and Tyler too,
And with them we'll beat little Van.
Van, Van is a used up man,
And with them we'll beat little Von !"
It makes one feel cheap to think that such rubbish
as that could have any effect on the opinions or action
of a great nation, but it had. " Lillibullero" was not
better, and it helped James II. ofF the throne, so
our folly of 1840 was not singular. On the Demo-
cratic side the contest was managed in a much more
decorous way. They could not help it, for they had
nothing in their cause or candidate to excite enthu-
siasm, and, in the expressive slang of to-day, the
Whigs had "got the bulge." The Democrats had
too many sins of a long period of power to answer for.
Centre township gave thirteen hundred and eighty-
seven votes in the Presidential election in November,
and Harrison got eight hundred and seventy-two to
five hundred and fifteen for Van Buren. The popu-
lation of the town in 1840 by the census was two
thousand six hundred and uinety-two.
The contest of 1844 was not so one-sided. The
Democrats did quite as much fooling as the Whigs.
They raised hickory-poles and the Whigs raised ash-
poles, a suggestion of Mr. Clay's home at Ashland,
about as apt and significant as the canoe of 1840.
Both sides had singing clubs, and sang the silliest of
rhyming rant to the most monotonous of " nigger"
tunes, then in the first full tide of popularity. " Old
Dan Tucker," "Lucy Long," '-The Blue-Tailed Fly,"
" Buifalo Gals" were the favorite airs of both sides.
The Whigs for some reason made the " coon" a party
symbol, but what it symbolized nobody appeared to
know. It was paraded numerously in processions and
mass-meetings, and Whigs often alluded to themselves
as "coons," and spoke of the thieving little beast with
afi'ectionate rapture. One of their songs expressed
this preposterous sentiment :
" In Lindenwald the fox is holed.
The coons all laugh to hear it told.
With ha! ha! ha! what a nominee
Is James K. Polk, of Tennessee!"
Van Buren's " pet name'' was the " fox" in 1840,
and Lindenwald was his home. But out of aj\ this
fuss and flummery there never came any intelligible
reason for the adoption of the coon as a party symbol
or suggestion. The Democrats ought to have balanced
the case by adopting the " possum," but they did not.
In 1840 the Democratic ladies made little show in the
parades, while the Whig ladies were active and con-
stant in all that could help their friends. In 1844
the female part of the contest was very evenly bal-
anced. That was the last of the roaring, singing,
pole-raising, political folly. The annexation of Texas,
the Mexican war, and the growing prominence of the
slavery problem made issues too serious for empty or
ribald songs and the puerile agencies that had served
their turn and needed to be forgotten.
3d. There may be grouped here a number of little
items of city progress of no special importance in
themselves, but worth notice, as first things always
are, if they grow to importance later. In the spring
of 1840 the Council made two fire cisterns, the first
of the kind. In July, 1842, T. W. Whitridge, who
subsequently became quite a distinguished artist in
New York, opened the first daguorrean gallery here,
but afterwards betook almost exclusively to painting.
At this time and before, Jacob Cox, the oldest and
most eminent artist in the State, was painting por-
traits occasionally while working at his trade as a
tinner. During the fall of 1842, James Blake,
always foremost in enterprise, or only mated by
Nicholas McCarty, began the manufacture of molas-
ses from the juice of corn-stalks, a prophecy of the
later sorghum manufacture which he lived to see.
The enterprise failed soon, because the product was
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
129
tinged with an acid taste that seriously impaired it.
Still, a good many used it while they could get it
because it was cheap. The manufactory was near
Mr. Blake's barn, on North Street, between Mis-
sis.sippi and the canal, or in that vicinity. The
Indiana Horticultural Society was organized Aug.
22, 1840, Henry Ward Beecher being one of its
leading promoters. It gave several fine exhibitions
of fruits and flowers during the half-dozen years
of its existence. On the 10th of April, 1841, a
public meeting was held to make arrangements for
appropriate services on the occasion of President
Harrison's death, and on the 17th business was
suspended, an imposing funeral procession formed,
and addresses delivered by Governor Bigger and
Mr. Beecher. The 4th of May was observed as a
fast-day all over the country for the President's
death. On the 25th of April, 1842, at two o'clock
in the morning, a loud explosion was heard in the gro-
cery of Frederick Smith, a little one-story frame on
the south side of Washington Street, near Delaware.
Those who heard it and hurried in found him lying
in a heap of laths and lime, and shattered plank,
and fragments of grocery-goods, terribly burned and
bruised and unconscious, but not dead. He was left
so for some hours till the coroner came. He after-
wards recovered and left the place. On a fragment
of plank or the lid of a goods-box he had scrawled
in German with chalk an unintelliuible account of
his reasons for his suicidal attempt, but the only
decipherable words were " envy of bread." He was
thought to have been partially insane, and to have
tried to go out of the world in the blaze of an
exploding keg of powder. Why he didn't was a
mystery. This was said at the time to be the first
suicidal attempt in the town. Not far from the
same time a man by the name of Ellis committed
suicide by hanging himself in his barn in Wash-
ington township. The Smith explosion, however,
was not the first case of suicidal mania. Some years
before it a boy by the name of Alexander Wiley, a
brother of W^illiam Y. Wiley, long a prominent and
respected citizen, drowned himself in the river some-
where below the bridge, for some difference with his
father, Capt. Wylie, then a popular tailor on Wash-
ington Street; at least that was the universal belief
at the time. The body was found a week afterward.?
in a drift a few miles down the river, terribly muti-
lated by fish or carrion-birds. The annual Methodist
Conference met here Oct. 21, 1840, with Bishop
Soule as presiding officer. During the fall of 1842
lecturers on mesmerism excited a good deal of inter-
est and had a good many believers.
In February, 1843, " Washington Hall" took fire,
about two o'clock in the afternoon, and was fought
zealously all day, and barely extinguished and safe
at dusk. The engines had to be supplied with water
by lines of buckets from pumps at the corner of
Meridian Street, and in front of Mothershead's drug-
store on Washington Street, and from several private
wells. Henry Ward Beecher was one of the most
daring and effective of the workers, and got his
clothes frozen on him and his hair full of ice, as did
hundreds of others. The Old Seminary boys were
dismissed by Mr. Kemper to go down and help in
the bucket line. The loss was but three thousand
dollars, but that was the biggest fire that had ever
happened here at that time. Miss Lesner opened
the Indianapolis Female Collegiate Institute in the
" Franklin Institute" house, on Circle Street, Sep-
tember, 1843. In June, 1843, Robert Parmelee
began the manufacture of pianos here on the south
side of Washington Street, a little west of Meridian.
It did not last long or amount to much. The fall
before 1842, E. J. Peck and Edwin Hedderly began
the manufacture of lard-oil on Washington Street.
In April, 1844, was laid out the " Union Cemetery,"
east of and adjoining the " Old Graveyard." In 1833
Dr. Coe had added a considerable section, and in
1852 Messrs. Blake, Ray, and Peck made a much
more considerable addition on the east and north,
long known as the " New Graveyard." With the
addition made in 1844 the cemetery extended from
the river to Kentucky Avenue, and northward to the
Vandalia Railroad. In 1860 a large plat between
the last addition and the river was platted as an
addition, and used chiefly for the burial of Con-
federate prisoners who died in the camp hospitals
here. But little else of it was ever used as a ceme-
tery, and after Crown Hill was ready for use the
130
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
dead were removed there, and the ground occupied
by the Vandalia Railway Company for freight-yard
tracks, wood-sheds, blacksmith-shop, round-house, and
engine-house, and Ferguson's pork-house was put on
a part of it. Washington Street was graded and
graveled in July, 1845. In the same year the old
Methodist Church, erected in 1827-29, began to
crack and grow unsafe, and was torn down and re-
placed next year by Wesley Chapel. In 1843 the
Methodist Church, growing unwieldy, divided, and
one part retained the old church on the corner of
Circle and Meridian Streets, the other used the court-
house while they were building a new house, known
as Roberts' Chapel, on the corner of Pennsylvania
and Market, the present site of the Journal office.
It was completed in 1844, under the pastorate of
Rev. J. S. Bayliss. In 1868 this church was sold
and converted into the Martindale Block, and a new
church was soon begun on the corner of Delaware
and Vermont Streets. It is of stone, and not yet
fully finished, but it is one of the finest church
edifices in the State. The first city clock, built by
John Mofiatt in 1853-54, was set in the steeple of
Roberts' Chapel in 1854, and remained until 1868,
when it was removed by the fire engineers. In the
summer Seton W. Norris built, on the southwest
corner of Washington and Meridian Streets, the
block torn away a few years ago to make way for
the present Hubbard Block. It was the finest build-
ing in the place in its day. The Locomotive, for
several years a popular literary weekly paper, was
started by the apprentices in the Journal office. In
the summer of 1846 the audacity of the gamblers
provoked the citizens to harsh measures, and a public
meeting appointed Hiram Brown, the oldest member
of the bar, and one of the ablest, to the special duty
of prosecuting them. His work, with a repetition
of the public meeting the following year, drove off
the worst of the dark-legged fraternity. The depot
of the Madison Railroad was built in 1846, and was
a substantial intimation that the long isolation of the
town would soon be broken. Property had already
taken an upward turn, and values were improving in
the hopeless section of East South Street, then a
country lane, and Pogue's Run Valley. Complaint
was made of the selection of so remote a site as South
Street east of Pennsylvania, but being fixed the
Council began improving the streets leading down
there across the swampy bottom, and the property-
holders straightened the creek from Virginia Avenue
to Meridian Street.
Governor Whitcomb issued his proclamation calling
for volunteers for the Mexican war May 23, 1846,
and Capt. James T. Drake speedily raised a company,
with John McDougal, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor
of California, as first lieutenant, and Lew Wallace,
now general and minister to Turkey, as second lieu-
tenant. It was made part of the First Indiana Regi-
ment, of which Capt. Drake was made colonel. ' It
spent the whole year of its enlistment guarding the
mouth of the Rio Grande, where Luther Peck, son
of the first Lutheran clergyman here, was drowned.
Two other companies were raised in May and Sep-
tember, 1847, by Edward Lander, elder brother of
Gen. Frederick Lander, and Capt. John McDougal.
They were put in the Fourth and Fifth Regiments.
It may be noted here that in numbering the regiments
raised by the State in the civil war, the five Mexican
regiments were counted first, and the first Indiana
regiment in the late war was the sixth.
4th. During the fall and winter of 1842 and the
early spring of 1843 a strong religious excitement
prevailed throughout the West, and nowhere more ab-
sorbingly than in Indianapolis. The preaching of the
" Second Advent" by Samuel Miller had attracted
the attention even of those who had not the slightest
faith in his calculations or his interpretations of
Daniel's " time, times, and an half" The spirit of
religious revival was abroad, and in spite of the in-
evitable extravagancies of religious enthusiasm it
wrought as much permanent good probably as any
that ever disturbed the self-seeking of any community.
The " second coming" gave especial force to the ex-
hortations of the time, and when the great comet
blazed out all along the western horizon it gave a
special force to the predictions of the " second coming."
One of the portents was there before the eyes of all
the world, and it gave encouragement to the invention
of many more ; meteors went flashing down the sky,
leaving fiery trails that broke up into little patches
THE CAPITAL IN THE WOODS.
131
which finally took the Ibrm of letters and read, '■ The
Lord is coming." Strange intimations of the great
catastrophe were found in marks on leaves, sometimes
on prophetic eggs of strangely inspired pullets, some-
times on the bark of trees, or the accidental lines of
rain-drops. They were all paraded with gloomy ex-
ultation in the Midnight Cry, a paper of the Second
Advent, published in Cincinnati by Joshua V. Himes.
The " unrespective" secular press laughed at these
fantastic phenomena. They called the " Second Ad-
vent" organ the Midnight Howl and the Evening Yell,
and insisted that the mysterious letters made of a
meteor's tail spelled " Pay the printer." But the re-
vival went on, not exactly separated from the advent
excitement but independently of it ; all the churches
felt it. About the time the comet appeared a young
preacher of considerable ability, who had given the
" advent" prophecies close study, came to the town
and preached a series of connected sermons on the
subject in several of the churches, principally in the
Christian Church on Kentucky Avenue, and the First
Lutheran Church on Ohio Street near Meridian. One
gloomy, rainy night, when he was preaching at this
latter place, there was a strange lurid glare all over the
western sky, reaching up to the zenith, and looking as
if the world were really on fire in the back yard, as
the congregation was dismissed and got out of doors
into the drizzling rain. The sermon had described
with considerable graphic power the portents that
would precede Christ's second coming, and the impres-
sion was still vivid on the minds of many. That
awful red light spreading over the thick clouds all
around both poles and up to the zenith seemed a reali-
zation of the most terrible anticipation of the sermon.
Nobody fainted or screamed, but a good many women
and not a few men looked at it as they never before
had looked at an earthly conflagration. It proved to
be the burning of a few large ricks of hemp cut and
stacked on a farm on the river bank at the ford of the
Crawfordsville road.
Several of the most confident of the Adventists made
themselves ascension robes, and some sold or gave away
their property. One of the leading men sold out and
joined the Shakers in Ohio. One woman became per-
manently insane and was afterwards put in the asylum.
The failure of the world to " come to time," or rather
eternity, on the 1st of April, 1843, or thereabouts,
which was the date that Miller's calculations had de-
termined to be the limit, did not undeceive any of the
devout adherents. The prophet or interpreter of
prophets recast his calculation and concluded that
June was a safer limit than April. The failure then
began to tell on the delusion of pretty much all who
had not undeceived themselves before, and the " Second
Advent" fancy disappeared entirely.
It will not be beneath the dignity of a local history
to notice in this connection that there were three places
chiefly used for the baptism of converts, where the rite
was applied by immersion, — the river at the old ferry,
as often on the west as the east side, because the water
shoaled very gradually on that side, and on the east
there was a " stepping oif" place that would take a
man in a swimming depth in a few steps ; another
was in the canal at Washington Street, but less used
than the canal at the Kentucky Avenue bridge. It
was here that Mr. Beecher first practiced immersion,
after a declaration that he had no more faith in the
efiicacy of the rite in that form than any other, but
would administer it in the way that best pleased the
subject of it. A very common feature of Sunday
was a procession or crowd going from some up-town
church to the river or canal to administer baptism at
the close of the morning's services. When pork-
houses spoiled the river and sewage befouled the canal
the churches betook themselves to baptisteries. The
colored brethren, whose church was on Georgia Street
west of Mississippi and very near the canal, went to
the Georgia Street foot-bridge. The creek was never
used for this service, or, if at all, very early in the set-
tlement's religious development.
The beginning of the year 1847 was marked by
the highest flood ever known in the river before or
since, though that of last February could have been
but little below it. On the first Sunday of the new
year the water was at its highest. It covered the
whole of the river bottom, Fall Creek and Eagle
Creek bottoms, and in many places came up level with
the surface of the bluffs. It ran over the top of the
middle pier of the National road bridge, and several
times the big trees and masses of drift borne down on
132
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the furious current looked as if they must striiie the
sills and girders and sweep the structure away. The
National road west of the river was covered " hub
deep" from the bridge to the bluflF. In two places the
current was so strong as to cut great gaps across the
heavily macadamized roadway, and pour down the
south slope of the grade into the low iiround of tiie
bottom in a violent cataract that churned the soft allu-
vial soil into thin mud and carried it off. In this way
two deep pits were dug, the largest of which was prob-
ably one hundred feet in diameter and twenty feet
deep. A frame house on the south side of the road
was washed off by the flood and lodged in this hole,
where it stuck, leaning dangerously over for several
months, but was finally removed, and is still standing
near its former site in Indianola. These two huge
scars left by the flood remained more or less conspic-
uous for twenty years. The mischief done by it was
so general and serious that the Legislature extended
the time of paying taxes by land-owners in the river
bottoms, and probably remitted them altogether in
cases of especial hardship. The canal bank along the
river near the Michigan road was washed away, the
feeder-dam injured, the Fall Creek aqueduct washed
out, and the Pogue's Run culvert on Merrill Street
torn away. The old " ravines" in the town made
their last serious disturbance in that flood.
The 22d of February, 1847, was celebrated by a
procession of the mechanics of the city, who marched
to the Christian Church on Kentucky Avenue, and
were addressed by the late John D. Defrees, then re-
cently become proprietor and editor of the Journal.
On the 26th a general meeting of the citizens was
held at the court-house to take measures for assisting
in the relief of the distress in Ireland. A good deal
of good work was done here by committees and by
individual liberality.
CHAPTER VL
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
There was not much change, except in name,
when the " town" became the " city" of Indianap-
olis, but it marked the beginning of a very posi-
tive and great change produced by the close approach
of the first railroad, so it may fitly indicate the be-
ginning of the " third period" of the city's history,
a period of vigorous growth and solid promise. The
leading events are: 1st, The changes in the munici-
pal government and its departments ; 2d, The intro-
duction of the free school system and the taxation to
maintain it ; 3d, The development of the railroad sys-
tem, and the improvement in business and material
condition produced by it; 4th, Associations for busi-
ness or charity, churches, private schools, lectures,
and means of intellectual culture or diversion. As the
history of the municipal government will be treated
separately and fully, nothing need be said here except
as to its general course. The public schools, churches,
railroads, and manufactures are in the same category.
First. — On the 13th of February, 1847, the Legis-
lature enacted a city charter for Indianapolis, and left
it to be accepted or rejected by a popular vote on the
27th of March, the Governor being required to make
proclamation of the operation of the charter if it were
accepted. The city was divided into seven wards, —
four north of Washington Street, the First, Second,
Third, and Fourth ; and three south of it, the Fifth,
Sixth, and Seventh. The First contained all of the
city (which covered the whole donation east of the
river) east of Alabama Street, north of Washington ;
the Second, all westward to Meridian ; the Third, all
to Mississippi; the Fourth, all west to the river,
south of Washington Street ; the Fifth Ward took all
west of Illinois Street; the Sixth, all east to Dela-
ware ; the Seventh, all the donation east of Delaware.
The first city election was to be held on the 24th of
April, the mayor to serve two years, with a veto on
the Council and the jurisdiction of a justice, his pay
to be his fees. The wards to elect one councilman each
for one year, with a salary of twenty-four dollars, or
two dollars for each regular meeting. They had all
the usual powers of municipal bodies, and were re-
quired to elect secretary, treasurer, assessor, marshal,
with a constable's powers, street commissioners, city
and such other officers as they deemed necessary.
Taxation could not exceed fifteen cents on one hun-
dred dollars, except by special authority from a popu-
lar vote. The most important question to be settled
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
133
at the election of April 24th for city officers was that
of which least was said, the levy of a special tax
to establish and maintain a free-school system. The
State school fund, at that time mainly derived from
the sale of the " school section" reserved in each Con-
gressional township for school purposes, and thence
called the " Congressional Township Fund," was not
sufficient to accomplish- anything of consequence,
and it was proposed to assist it, and make an efficient
system with the addition of a local school tax. The
people were to vote " yes" or " no" on that proposi-
tion at the first city election. The president of the
expiring Town Council, or Board of Trustees at first.
Squire Joseph A. Levy, a very respectable black-
smith on Washington Street, issued his proclamation
for an election on the 27th of March to decide upon
the acceptance of the charter. It was accepted by
four hundred and forty-nine votes to nineteen. Gov-
ernor Whitcomb proclaimed the charter in force on
the 30th. Then President Levy issued his second
proclamation for an election of city officers and the
decision of the school-tax question. The election
was held in the new seven wards, and resulted in the
choice of Samuel Henderson, the first president of
the old Council or Board, as mayor ; Uriah Gates,
councilman from the First Ward ; Henry Tatewiler,
Second ; Cornelius King, Third ; Samuel S. Rookeri
Fourth ; Charles W. Cady, Fifth ; Abram W. Har-
rison, Sixth ; William L. Wingate, Seventh. The
new Council organized the 1st of May, with Mr.
Rooker as president ; James G. Jordan as secretary,
at a salary of one hundred dollars; Nathan Lister,
treasurer, fifty dollars ; James Wood, engineer, three
hundred dollars; William Campbell, marshal and col-
lector, with a per cent, pay for the latter and one
hundred and fifty dollars and fees for the former ;
Andrew M. Carnaban, city attorney, paid by fees;
Jacob B. Filler, street commissioner, one hundred
dollars ; David Cox, mes-senger of the Marion Fire
Company, and Jacob B. Fitler of the Relief, each
twenty-five dollars ; Sampson Barbee and Jacob
Miller, market clerks or masters, at fifty dollars ;
Joshua Black, assessor, paid by the day while en-
gaged ; Benjamin F. Lobaugh, sexton. The total of
the tax duplicate for 1846-47 was four thousand
two hundred and twenty-six dollars ; the aggregate of
taxable property, about one million dollars. The vote
of the wards is worth recording here. About five
hundred votes were polled altogether. In the First
Ward, 108; Second, 85; Third, 122; Fourth, 35 ;
Fifth, 37 ; Sixth, 41 ; Seventh, 66. The vote on
the school tax was four hundred and six for it,
twenty-nine against it.
Second. — -The authority given by the popular vote
on the 24th of April for the school levy was promptly
used. Each ward was made a district with a trustee,
houses were rented and teachers engaged, but the
fund would only maintain one-quarter of the four
free. Donations were asked, lots purchased cheaply
in 1848 and 1849, and substantial one-story brick
houses built in 1851 and 1852, and so arranged as to
allow enlargement by a second story when necessary.
This was added in the First, Second, and Fifth
Wards in two or three years. All have been greatly
enlarged since, except the old house on Pennsylvania
Street a little south of South Street. It is a machine-
shop now. A two-story house was built in the first
place in the Seventh Ward, on Virginia Avenue, in
1857, and made a three-story in 1865. Lots were
bought in the Fourth Ward and what was afterwards
the Ninth in 1857, and at the close of the war in
1865 and 1866 large, handsome, commodious three-
story structures, with high basements and all im-
provements for warmth and ventilation, were built at
a co^t of thirty-two thousand dollars each. In 1867
the first four-story house was built in what was then
the south part of the Sixth Ward at a cost of forty-
three thousand dollars. Three times as many school-
houses as all these have been added to the system
since, and will be noticed in the division of the work
treating specially of schools and colleges. The first
tax levy in 1847 yielded .S1981 ; in 1848,62385;
in 1849, $2851. The aggregate of collections up to
1850 was S6160, of which $5938 were spent in the
following year for lots and houses. In 1857 the
annual proceeds were $20,329. The first expendi-
tures were wholly for lots and buildings, the teachers
getting their pay as the teachers of private schools
did, from parents. After house-room had been
secured, the revenue could go in part for tuition,
134
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
for longer terms and more teachers. In this half-
formed condition the schools were forced by lack of
means to continue till the accumulations of the tax
and State fund enabled them to make a fair start in
a real free-school sy.stem. This was done in 1853,
when the Council made Henry P. Coburn, Calvin
Fletcher, and Henry F. West trustees for all the
schools, instead of making each ward a district with
a trustee as before. A system of regulations was
drafted by Mr. Fletcher, and on the 25th of April,
1853, the schools were opened free for the first time,
with two male and twelve female teachers. Up to
that time the number of scholars had not exceeded
three hundred and forty. In the first week of the
new system it was seven hundred, and over one
thousand of the two thousand six hundred children
of school age — from six to twenty-one — were enrolled.
The new arrangement soon provided for the use of
uniform test-books and unity of method in teaching,
and in August a system of grades was adopted, the
divisions being the Primary, Secondary, Intermediate,
Grammar, and High Schools. All the lower grades
were kept together with the Grammar schools in the
same building, the latter under the " principal"
teacher. The old County Seminary was repaired
and made the High School building under Mr. E. P.
Cole, with an assistant.
Until 1855 the trustees themselves did all the
work appertaining to the system outside of the
school-houses, and did it without compensation. In
February, 1855, they made Silas T. Bowen — now
head of the oldest book house in the State, Bowen,
■Stewart & Co. — superintendent, with a salary of
four hundred dollars a year. He improved the
schools greatly, but could not spare the time that they
needed, and gave place to George B. Stone, at one
thousand dollars a year. He had previously had
charge of the High School, succeeding Mr. Cole. His i
salary was one thousand dollars, and he gave his whole
time and mind to the work. Under him the system
was fully developed, and worked as well as it ever
has since with costlier oflScers and greater pretensions. '
His success overcame all prejudices and objections,
and no tax was paid so cheerfully as the school tax.
The income increased as the city grew, and more i
teachers were employed, new houses built, old ones
enlarged, and the average attendance increased from
three hundred and forty in April, 1853, when the
system went into operation, to fourteen hundred in
1856 and eighteen hundred in 1857. Ten houses
had been built, forty-four per cent, of the children of
" school age" enrolled, and seventy-three per cent, of
the enrollment was in average daily attendance. Just
in this most promising condition the Supreme Court
struck the system a blow that prostrated it at once
and paralyzed it for five years. At the suit of Fow-
ler, of Lafayette, the court held that local taxation in
aid of schools was not the " uniform taxation" re-
quired by the Constitution, and could not be enforced.
The opinion was very general at the time, and has
only grown stronger since, that there was nothing but
the thinnest of distinctions to sustain this disastrous
ruling. It was made in January, 1858. The Coun-
cil at once met to see what could be done, and called
upon the citizens of each ward to hold meetings with
the same object. This was done on the 29th of Jan-
uary. Subscriptions were taken to maintain the
schools anyhow, and three thousand dollars were con-
tributed. This would not go far, and at the end of the
current quarter, seeing that without a revenue backed
by law nothing of value could be done, the effort was
abandoned, the schools closed, the teachers left the
city many of them, and the houses were rented for
private schools sometimes, and when they were not
they were occupied by thieves and strumpets. The
houses were kept in indifferent repair by a small tax,
and the State fund allowed a free term of a few
months, amounting to four months and a half in
1860 and 1861. No attempt at free schools was made
in 1859. In 1862 the Supreme Court reviewed its
decision, the system was reorganized, the tax re-estab-
lished, and the flourishing condition of 1857 fully
restored and improved. The further history of the
public schools will be treated in its department, as
above intimated.
Third. — The Madison Railroad, in its progress
towards the capital, after the State had sold it to a
company in 1843, was slow, halting for several months
at temporary stations, as North Vernon, Sand Creek,
Clifty Creek, Columbus, Edinburg, Franklin, and
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
135
Greenwood. It reached the last station in the latter
part of the summer of 1847, and that left but ten miles
of staging from the city. The influence of the great
public improvement, as already intimated, had gone
ahead of it, aud inspired the most active and prom-
ising enterprise and permanent progress that had yet
appeared. Thousands of the old settlers had never
seen a railroad, not even this one, which for a half-
dozen years had been within fifty miles of them.
The curiosity about it was universal, and there was
plenty of time for it to grow full-size and spread as
far as convenient access could reach. The citizens
held a meeting a few days before the 1st of October,
the day track-laying would be completed to the depot
already in progress on South Street, and made arrange-
ments to celebrate the occasion in a suitable manner.
The last spike was driven about nine o'clock in the
morning of Oct. 1, 1847, and the rail was barely in
place and ready when two big excursion trains came
up from the lower part of the road, and were received
with much shouting, shooting, and spouting. Spald-
ing's Circus, with the band, led by Ned Kendall, the
famous bugler, was in the city, and the whole availa-
ble portion of it turned out to decorate the occasion.
Governor Whitcomb made a .speech from the roof of
a car at the depot, aud an illumination and display
of fire-works at night closed a demonstration that
events proved was not the glittering illusion of the
popular rejoicing ten years and more before when the
project of the road was adopted by the Legislature.
Tlie good effect of a means of transportation that
could be depended on, and would not consume the full
value of the article in the cost of getting it where some-
body would buy it, was speedily felt. The pork packed
here and at Broad Ripple by the Mansurs since 1841,
and sent down the river in flat-boats on the spring
floods, could go anywhere now, choose a market,
and run no risk. Corn and wheat doubled in
price before Christmas, while goods brought from
abroad were cheapened by the same process that en-
hanced home products. Further notice will be taken
of the changes produced by this first admission of
the city to the commercial connections of the country
and by its successors a little later.
From the time the completion of the Madison
Road became a certainty railroad enterprise moved
more energetically, and finally with long bounds that
have not ceased yet and hardly slackened, except as
financial straits have forced it. The Peru and In-
dianapolis line was chartered in 1815-46, completed
to Noblesville, twenty-one miles, in the spring of
1851, and to Peru, seventy-three miles, in April,
1854. The Bellefontaine (Bee Line) was chartered
two years later, but was completed to Pendleton,
twenty-eight miles, three months sooner, and to the
State line at Union City in December, 1852, over a
year sooner. The Terre Haute Road (Vandalia),
chartered in 1846, was finished to Terre Haute, sev-
enty-three miles, in May, 1852. The Jefferson ville
Road, begun in 1848, was finished to Edinburg, sev-
enty-eight miles, and connected with the Madison in
1852. The Lafayette (now Cincinnati, Indianapolis,
St. Louis and Chicago, or Big Four) was begun in
1849, and finished to Lafayette, sixty-five miles, in
1852. The Central (Pan Handle) was begun in
1851, and finished to the State line near Richmond,
seventy-two miles, December, 1853. The Cincin-
nati Road (now part of the Cincinnati, Indianapolis,
St. Louis and Chicago) was begun in 1850, but not
chartered as a through road till 1851, because it
would cut off all the up-river trade of the Madison
Road. It was completed to Lawrenceburg, ninety
miles, in October, 1853. The Junction Road, to
Hamilton, Ohio, was begun in 1850, but delayed by
one obstruction or another, so that it was not com-
pleted to the city till May, 1868. The Vincennes Road
was started in 1851, and the company organized under
the late John H. Bradley in 1853, but nothing of
consequence till a reorganization was made under the
late Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, in 1865. It was
then pushed vigorously, and completed to the city in
1868. The city gave it a subsidy of sixty thousand
dollars. An " Air Line" road to Evansville was pro-
jected in 1840, and taken up in 1853 by Oliver H.
Smith, the founder of the Bellefontaine Road, to con-
nect with the latter and make a through line from
the lower Ohio to Lake Erie, and under this organ-
ization surveys were made and work advanced vigor-
ously till the financial crash of 1857 stopped it, and
before the effects of that had passed away Mr. Smith
136
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
died, and the " Air Line" is still a project instead of
a fact. A " Short Line" road to Cincinnati was pro-
jected in 1853, surveys and contracts made, but
stopped in 1855 by financial stress, and has remained
dead ever since. The Toledo and Indianapolis Road,
a direct line of one hundred and eighty-five miles,
was organized in 1854 for a short lake connection,
but hard times killed it. The Indiana and Illinois
Central, one hundred and sixty miles, to Decatur, 111.,
was projected in 1852, and organized in 1853, began
work and advanced hopefully till the " hard times"
came upon it. Later it was reorganized as the Indian-
apolis, Decatur and Springfield Road, and was com-
pleted in 1881. In 1866 the Cincinnati Road wanted
a connection to reach Chicago business, and its mar^
agement projected a rival line to the Lafayette through
Crawfordsville, to which the city voted a subsidy of
forty-five thousand dollars. Work was begun and
progressing favorably, when the Lafayette was bought
and absorbed and the Crawfordsville abandoned.
This did not please the people of the rich corn and
pork section traversed by the proposed line, and then
another company was formed, contracts re-let, and the
road completed to the city as the Indianapolis, Bloom-
ington and Western in 1869. The Indianapolis and
St. Louis Road was begun in 1867 to make a Western
connection for one of the great Eastern trunk lines,
and was finished in 1869. Within the last two years
the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western has made
an eastern extension, entering the city beside the Bee
Line tracks, and about a year ago consolidated the
Indianapolis, Decatur and Springfield Company with
itself, running both lines. The " Chicago Air Line"
road, after a long period of embarrassment and ob-
struction, was completed into the city last spring, 1883.
The Union Railway Company, wholly confined to the
city, was organized in 1S49, mainly by Gen. Thomas
A. Morris, Oliver H. Smith, Chauneey Rose, and
Edwin J. Peck. The Union tracks were laid in 1850,
and the depot, upon Gen. Morris' plans, in 1853.
Previously the Bellefontaine trains had started from
the Terre Haute (now Vandalia ) Depot, on Tennessee
and Louisiana Streets, one square west of the Union
Depot. A Belt Road, to connect outside of the city all
the roads entering it, by which the}- could transfer
cars and trains from one to the other without passing
through the city, was projected and partly graded by
a company, mainly composed of other railroad com-
panies, eight or ten years ago, but abandoned in the
stress of finances. In 1876 it was taken up by a
company, mainly of capitalists in the city or con-
nected with the railroads centring here, and on popu-
lar approval by a vote the city indorsed the company's
bonds to the amount of five hundred thousand dol-
lars, taking a mortgage on the road and stock to
secure itself, and the road was rapidly built in con-
nection with the stock-yard, and opened for business
in November, 1877. Within a year it has been
leased by the Union Company, and both are now
under one management.
The first telegraph line was constructed in the
spring of 1848, from here to Dayton, by a company
organized by Henry O'Reilly, under a general law
passed the preceding February. The first dispatch
was sent from here to Richmond on the 12th of May ;
tiie first published dispatch appeared in the Sentinel
of May 24th. The first operator was Mr. Isaac H.
Kiersted, and his office was in the second story of the
building where the Hubbard block now stands. Two
years later a .second line was built by Wade & Co.,
but consolidated with the other in April, 1853. Other
lines have been built and absorbed here, and all over
the country. The operators here have been Isaac H.
Kiersted, J. W. Chapin, Anton Schneider, Sidney B.
xMorris, J. F. Wilson, and John F. Wallaok. The
last was made superintendent here when an officer of
that kind was first found necessary, and he has filled
the place ever since, nearly twenty years. For the
first eight or ten years dispatches were taken by im-
pressions of the Morse alphabet on long ribbons of
heavy paper ; and newspaper men had to copy these,
fill out the abbreviations, and arrange them in some
sort of coherent order each for himself. A very few
years before the war operators here began to read by
sound, Coleman Wilson being the first resident sound
reader. From that time forward the operators made
manifold copies for the press, and saved editors a good
deal of work. The most notable event, next to the
first appearance of the electric telegraph, was the suc-
cessful laying, so soon ruined, of the first Atlantic
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
137
138
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
cable, in August, 1858. There was an illumination
and bonfires, and a general congratulatory time that
night. Governor Wallace made a speech, and Gov-
ernor Willard had a pleasant reception at the executive
residence. It is not generally known that the appro-
priation which enabled Professor Morse to build his
experimental line to Baltimore was carried in com-
mittee by the vote of Governor Wallace, and but for
that vote the appropriation and pregnant experiment
would have both failed for another year at least. The
committee on commerce, in which the appropriation
of forty thousand dollars was considered, was evenly
divided, as it happened, and Governor Wallace's name
coming last on the roll his vote decided the question
for the appropriation. At the ensuing congressional
election his antagonist used this vote against him
with such eiFect that it helped to defeat him. Faith
in electricity forty years ago was hardly as wide and
solid as it has grown to be since.
In February, 1851, the Indianapolis Gaslight and
Coke Company was given a special charter by the last
Legislature under the old constitution to run fifteen
years, and on the 6th of March stock-books were
opened, stock subscribed readily to the amount of
twenty thousand dollars, the capital limited by the
charter, and on the 26th an organization made by the
choice of David V. Culiey as president, Willis W.
Wright as secretary, and H. V. Barringer as superin-
tendent. The projector of the aflFair was Mr. John
J. Lockwood. The city gave the company the sole
right to make and supply gas here for public or private
use, requiring street gas at the price of that in Cin-
cinnati. In July the company bought a small tract
of half swampy creek bottom on the east side of
Pennsylvania Street, on the south bank of the creek,
and erected, in a small, cheap way, the buildings
needed. Mains were laid in Pennsylvania and Wash-
ington Streets at the same time. On the 10th of
January, 1852, the first gas was furnished for regular
consumption. In the following April, 1853, a few
weeks over a year after the organization of the com-
pany, seven thousand seven hundred feet of pipe had
been laid, six hundred and seventy-five burners were
supplied for one hundred and sixteen consumers, and
thirty bushels of coal were used per day. Previously
Masonic Hall, and the two street lamps in front of it,
had been lighted with gas made by a little apparatus
of its own. The enterprise ran heavily at the start
till a superintendent who knew his business was ob-
tained, and the works were enlarged and improved.
A special tax to pay for lighting the streets with gas
was defeated at the city election of 1852, and the
lighting of Washington Street from Pennsylvania
Street to Meridian was paid for by the property
owners. In December, 1854, a contract was made with
the company to light the central portions of Washing-
ton and the adjacent streets, and it was done in 1855.
From that time a steady annual addition was made,
the property holders paying for the posts and lamps,
till in 1868 the totail length of mains was twenty-
three miles, and of service-pipe seventy-five miles,
with fifteen hundred and fifty consumers of gas, and
an average daily production of one hundred and
seventy-five thousand feet. The largest gas-holder is
on Delaware Street, and has a capacity of three hun-
dred thousand cubic feet. In February, 1859, the
Council decided to put four lamps to a square, the
opposite corners to be lighted, and the two intermedi-
ate lamps to be allowed equal intervals from the other
two and each other, one on each side of the street.
The original charter expired March 4, 1866. The
City Council, thinking to get better terms than before,
ordered, in May, 1865, an advertisement for proposals
to light the city for twenty years. No bid was made
but by the old company, and its demand not being
satisfactory, a committee was appointed to investigate
the matter, and made a report of terms and conditions
that the company would not accept. In this emer-
gency, R. B. Catherwood & Co. made a proposition
on the 5th of March, 1866, to take a charter for
thirty years, with the exclusive right of the city, and
furnish gas for three dollars per one thousand feet,
the city to contest a claim for longer continuance made
by the old company. The gas committee made a
counter-proposition to charter the " Citizens' Gaslight
and Coke Company," with an exclusive city right for
twenty years instead of thirty, reserving the right to
buy the works after ten years, and dividing equally
the profits above fifteen per cent. The new company
was to attend to the litigation with the old one, the
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
139
capital was to be appraised every five years, the com-
pany was to fix the gas rate annually, in March, at
not more than three dollars per one thousand feet,
vpere to extend mains wherever fifteen burners to a
square were promised, insure their works, and forfeit
their charter if they made default in the conditions.
This move started the confident old company to a
serious consideration of the case, and while the
counter-proposition and ordinance of the Council
were pendiusr, it advanced a proposal to take a twenty
years' charter, supply gas at three dollars per one
thousand feet, extend mains and fill all other con-
ditions required of the new company, and lower the
price of gas if improved processes of manufacture
would allow it. The city would light and clean the
lamps, and have the amount and quality of gas tested.
The bargain was closed and is still binding. In a little
while, however, it was found that the gas bills were
getting to be bigger under the new arrangement at
three dollars per one thousand feet than the old one at
twenty-eight dollars and forty-four cents a lamp, for
gas, lighting, and cleaning. A committee investigated
the matter, and found that more lamps were charged
for than had been used and more gas charged for than
had been needed, and a gas inspector was recommen-
ded. George H. Fleming, excellently qualified, was
appointed, rules for testing the quality and pressure
of gas were made, the number of hours of lighting
fixed, and all the lamps but those on the corners were
shut oiF at midnight, thus saving twenty thousand
dollars a year. Since that time there have been some
considerable changes.
In 1877 a new gas company was organized here in
competition with the old one, called the " Citizens'
Company." Works were built at the west end of St.
Clair Street, and a considerable extent of mains laid,
private consumers supplied, and a fair prospect of
good business opened. The gasometer exploded soon
after operations began, and in a short time the old
company bought the new one. It operates the new
works, however, in connection with the old ones, now
so greatly enlarged as to cover more than half of the
square between the creek and South Street. Some
ten years ago a branch establishment, for the conven-
ience of the northeastern part of the city, was opened
near the crossing of the Peru Railroad and Seventh
Street.
The first suggestion of a street railway was made
in November, 18G0, and renewed in 1863, when a
company was formed with Gen. Thomas A. Morris
as president, Wm. Y. Wiley as secretary, and W. O.
Rockwood as treasurer. They applied to the Council,
and while the application was pending, a rival com-
pany was formed by R. B. Catherwood, of New York,
and some citizens here, with Col. John A. Bridgland
as president. They proposed better terms than the
earlier company, and oifered security to fill their con-
tract ; but the " Citizens' Company," as it was called,
finally lost the charter, and it was given to the Indian-
apolis company and refused ; whereupon it was ac-
cepted by the other, and the conditions settled. These
facts are familiar to most readers, from the frequent
controversies of the press with the company. Owing
to unavoidable delays, the Council granted an exten-
sion of time for sixty days in 1864, in the latter part
of August, in fulfilling all the conditions, but portions
of the work had been done, and the Illinois Street
Line to the Union Depot had been opened with due
ceremony by the city authorities in June of that
year. The company, consisting of Catherwood and
his associates, sold to Wm. H. English and E. S.
Alvord in 1865, and these a few years later sold to
the Messrs. Johnson, the present proprietors. The
present extent and condition of the business of the
company is stated in the summary in the last chapter.
It only needs to be noticed further here, that within
the past year the stables and shops have been enlarged
and cover an acre on the northeast corner of Louisiana
and Tennessee Streets, with a half-acre more on the
oppo.site side of Tennessee Street which is laid down
with tracks and shelter for cars not in use. A stable
and car-house have been built in Indianola within a
little more than a year, for the service of the line
running to Mount Jackson and the Insane Asylum.
The Tennessee Street establishment was seriously
damaged by fire a few years ago, but it was not al-
lowed to interfere with the operations of the company
at all. Within a few months past attempts have been
made to charter a second street railway company,
under the name of the " Metropolitan," but so far they
140
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
have not succeeded, though backed by some of the
best men in the city. On the morning of the 6th of
January, 1884, the stables of the " Citizens' " company
were again seriously damaged by fire.
The first proposal for a water supply was made in
1860 by a Mr. Bell, of Rochester, N. Y., but idly.
The company that had come into possession of the
canal renewed it in 1864 as idly as Mr. Bell. Mayor
Caven recommended to the Council the initiation of
a water system, with Crown Hill as the site for a ,
reservoir, but the Council decided that while a supply )
system was desirable, it was not desirable that the
city should make it. Nothing further was done till
1866, when the mayor again brought the matter before
the Council, and in November of that year the inevit-
able Catherwood came forward and accepted a charter
requiring the water to come from the river f;ir enough
up to avoid contamination, with other conditions
needless to specify, as nothing came of the affair. In
1869 the Central Canal Company, then mainly j
a resident of Rochester, N. Y., tried to get the
Council into a joint-stock company to introduce the
Holly scheme, which acts by direct force without a
reservoir, and put in their canal as the source of sup-
ply, at a price that would make that theretofore
useless property remunerative ; but that would not
work. In the fall of 1869, Mr. Woodruff organized
a company for a water supply on the Holly plan
independently of the city, and he was given a charter
under strict limitations, and introduced the supply
slowly and not very successfully at first. The com-
pany has changed a good deal, and is now under the
presidency of Gen. Thomas A. Morris, with Mr. I
John L. Ketcham as secretary, and supplies a large
part of the domestic and manufacturing service of the
city and all its fire service. Two or three years ago,
the sources of its supply being suspected of impurity,
it was decided to bring the whole of it from a point
so far above the city as to make contamination im-
possible, and a point was selected near the river
above the Fall Creek " cut off." This has been
reached by a costly conduit which brings water from
a " gallery," or elongated well, about twelve hun- ,
dred feet long by fifty wide and fifteen deep, which
cannot be damaged by river infiltration, or by any 1
cause that does not equally damage all springs. Below
its bed, about forty feet, is a second current which has
been reached by boring, and rises above the surface
of the " gallery" water. This can be depended on
to maintain a pure supply if needed. Several analyses
have proved the "gallery" to be as nearly pure as
anything drawn from the ground and undistilled can
be.
For some years Governor Wright had made a
specialty of agriculture and its requirements, and in
1853 the Legislature chartered the State Board of
Agriculture, with the Governor as president, the late
John B. Dillon as secretary, and State Treasurer
Mayhew as treasurer. The first fair was held in
Military Park in October, 1852, from the 19th to
the 25th, with thirteen hundred and sixty-five entries.
The next was held in Lafayette, October 11th to
13th. Horace Greeley delivered the address. Then
it went to Madison, where its success was so indif-
ferent that it returned to Indianapolis for four years.
In 1859 it was taken to New Albany, and returned
to Indianapolis for five years, till 1864, none being
held in 1861 on account of the war. In 1865 it
went to Fort Wayne, then came again to Indianapolis.
Since then it has remained here. Up to 1860 it was
held in Military Park ; then the State Board bought
a tract of some thirty acres north of the city, with
the assistance of the railroads, and held the fair there
that year. During the war it was used both as a
camp for national troops, and as a prison camp for
prisoners of war. Some years ago an association of
citizens and railroads joined the State Board in
erecting the "Exposition" building, with the pur-
pose of maintaining an annual exhibition of such
products of skill as could not be advantageously
shown in ordinary fiiir buildings. The success of the
enterprise was not such to encourage its continuance
long, and the State Board took the building with the
assurance of protecting the obligations incurred in its
erection.
Belonging to this same period is the origin of the
City Hospital. As already related, the city, during
an epidemic alarm in early days, was going to use
the Governor's house, in the Circle, as a hospital ;
but the alarm disappeared and nothing further was
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
141
done. In 1848 another serious fright was caused by
an outbreak of smallpox, in which a prominent In-
diana politician died at the Palmer House, now the
Occidental. A general vaccination was ordered, and
a lot bought and contract made for a hospital. The
fright passed away, the citizens protested against a
tax for a hospital, and the material was given to the
contractor, with a bonus of two hundred and twenty-
five dollars in consideration of his surrender of the
contract. He built a three-story frame hotel with
the means thus wasted by the city, and it is still in
use on Market Street, near the Sentinel oflBce. Again,
in 1855, a smallpox scare occurred, and it was again
determined to erect a city hospital. A large tract of
ground on the bank of Fall Creek, at the end of In-
diana Avenue, was purchased, a house begun in the
pastor of St. John's Catholic Church, asked its dona-
tion to the Sisters of the Good Shepherd as a prison
for females. At the same time he asked the comple-
tion of the city house of refuge on the Bluff road,
south of the city, of which a very substantial and
costly foundation had been laid for a year or two and
left unfinished for want of means, on ground donated
by the late S. A. Fletcher ; but the opposition of
other denominations defeated these applications, and
the hospital was left vacant for a few months, when
furniture and supplies were obtained at the sale of
government stores in JeflFersonville, a superintendent
and consulting physician appointed, and the hospital
opened July 1, 1866. The old government additions
becoming dilapidated, the city decided, about a year
a<io, to build two substantial and commodious addi-
usual fashion of failure, and f\iiled when the alarm '] tions of brick, three stories high, and one was re-
subsided. But the affair was not allowed to die
quietly or lie easily in its grave this time. Dr. Liv-
ingston Dunlap, alluded to heretofore as a pioneer of
the city, was a member of the Council, and kept the
subject in a chronic state of resurrection till the
house was fiui.shed, at a cost of thirty thousand dol-
lars, in 1859. No use occurring for it, nothing was
done with it, but as a resort for strumpets and
thieves, and it was proposed to sell it. The Council
decided that it was better to rent it, though it was
not rented. Then there was a suggestion to make it
cently completed and opened for the admission of pa-
tients. It may be noted in this connection that the
hou.se of refuge desired by the Catholic association
was soon afterwards finished and put in charge of one
of the Catholic charitable associations.
The hospital, during its occupancy by the general
government,, was under the charge of Dr. John M.
Kiletun and Dr. P. H. Jameson, who, with their
assistants, treated thirteen thousand patients there in
four years. During the few months that intervened
after the government ceased to use it as a hospital —
a city prison or home for friendless women, or to let ] from July, 1865, to April, 1866 — it was occupied as
the Sisters of Charity make a hospital of it ; but , a ''Soldiers' Home," under Dr. M. M. Wishard. The
these projects were defeated. It was at last granted | first superintendent of the institution, after it had
to an association of ladies for a " Home for Friend- been completely organized and provided, and made
less Women," but not being used, it was given rent i ready for service as a city hospital, in fulfillment of
free to somebody to take care of it. Few charitable
schemes or means have lived through harder trials,
and the hospital, now so important a feature of the
city government, would probably have gone the way
of other such efforts if the outbreak of the war had
not compelled the national government to use it for
its original purpose. The government made some
considerable additions, besides improving the grounds,
and these came to the city, with the uses of the struc-
ture settled by four years of occupancy, in place of
the rent of it. A short time after the government
its original purpose, was Dr. G. V. Woollen. The
present superintendent is Dr. W. N. Wishard.
The Chamber of Commerce traces its origin to this
period. A Merchants' Exchange was formed in June,
1848, but died in early infancy, and was succeeded
by one formed in August, 1853, by a citizens' meet-
ing, which appointed Nicholas McCarty, Ignatius
Brown, John D. Defrees, A. H. Brown, K. J. Gat-
lin", and John T. Cox a committee to make a con-
stitution, prepare a circular and map, and obtain
money. Douglas Maguire was made president, John
returned it to the city. Rev. Augustus Bessonies, the L. Ketcham secretary, and R. B. Duncan treasurer.
142
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Mr. Ignatius Brown prepared the map and circular
setting forth the situation and condition of the city,
and they were sent all over the country, for the first
time giving the outside world some knowledge of the
city's advantages as a manufacturing and commercial
centre. After a beneficial existence of two years it
died of inanition, and was revived in 1856, and con-
tinued for two years more, dying, as before, for want
of means. It was succeeded or revived in 1864 as
the Chamber of Commerce, which, after a feeble life
of a few years, began to develop under the great
impulse given to business at the close of the war, and
is now a powerful and permanent body of a thousand
members, representing forty-five to fifty classes of
business, of which eighteen are railroad and transpor-
tation companies. Operating with it for a time was
the "Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association," iu
1868, and in 1873, for a year or two, a " Real Estate
Exchange" was formed, with an especial eye to the
development of real estate business. It died, how-
ever, when the panic of 1873 culminated here in
1875.
Many of our leading educational and benevolent
institutions date from the same period, from the
adoption of a city form of government, in 1817, to
the war. The Masonic Grand Lodge Hall, begun by
the purchase in 1847 of the site it still retains, was
completed far enough for occupancy by the Consti-
tutional Convention of 1850, and dedicated the fol-
lowing spring. The Widows' and Orphans' Society
organized in December, 1849 ; the Northwestern
Christian University (now Butler), removed a few
years ago to Irvington, chartered in 1852 ; an Adams
Express office was opened first on September 15,
1851 ; the grand hall of the Odd-Fellows was begun
in 1853, and completed in 1855, at a cost of thirty
thousand dollars ; the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation was organized on March 21, 1854; in 1853
the free schools were first put in efiective operation.
These all remain in vigorous existence. Besides these
a number sprang up, flourished for a while, and dis-
appeared. Among these, those deserving notice now
are the Central Medical College, organized in the
summer of 1849, with a faculty composed of Drs.
John S. Bobbs, Richard Curran, J. S. Harrison, G.
W. Mears, C. G. Downey, L. Dunlap, A. H. Baker,
and David Funkhouser. Its location was the south-
east corner of East and Washington Streets, its
existence protracted for about three years. The In-
diana Female College is another, opened by Rev. T.
L. Lynch, on the southeast corner of Ohio and Me-
ridian Streets. It was continued there by his suc-
cessors till 1859, and suspended. In 1852, Dr. Mc-
Lean opened a female seminary on the southwest
corner of Meridian and New York Streets, and con-
tinued it successfully till his death, in 1860, when
Professor Todd and others maintained it till 1865.
In 1865 the Indiana Female College was re-estab-
lished in the McLean building, and maintained for
two or three years, when the premises were sold to
the Wesley Chapel congregation for the site of the
present Meridian Church. A commercial college
and reading-room were begun in 1851 by Wm. M.
Scott, but they lived only a few years, the reading-
room but a year.
Most of the existing considerable manufactures had
their commencement in the same period. Pork-
packing, previously a restricted and uncertain busi-
ness, became enlarged by additional establishments
and by the increased product and trade of all. Iron
had been rather an occasional infusion of trade than
a permanent element. Grain- and lumber-mills mul-
tiplied ; planing-mills made their first appearance,
so did furniture-factories and coopering establish-
ments, and agricultural machinery and carriage-fac-
tories that kept carriages in stock. The opening up
of means of transportation that were not dependent
on freshets in the river or the condition of " cross-
layed" roads gave a positive and speedy boom to all
classes of business that was only increased by the
war. Naturally this dozen years was to be expected
to prove encouraging, though no one did expect such
results so speedily.
The first course of lectures held here was in the
early months of 1847. The " Union Literary So-
ciety," composed at first mainly of pupils of the
" Old Seminary," but in its later years enlarged by
the addition of young men unconnected with the
school, and finally absorbed by them, secured by
the contributions of citizens means enough to obtain
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
143
the use of suitable places for free lectures by Dr.
Johuson, rector of Christ Church, Rev. S. T. Gillet,
Hon. Godlovo S. Orth, and others. The same asso-
ciation had previously obtained a lecture from Rev.
Henry Ward Beecher, in his church, but it was a
single address without a succession. In 1847 or
1848 the society, with the assistance of citizens as
before, procured a short course of lectures from a
Cincinnati clergyman, and occasional lectures were
obtained from citizens. In May, 1851, John B.
Gough delivered three or four of his noted temper-
ance lectures in Masonic Hall. In 1853 the Union
Literary Society, then in the act of expiration, ob-
tained a lecture from Horace Greeley in the fall.
The Young Men's Christian Association succeeded
the following year, and had annual courses of lectures
regularly for a number of years thereafter. A further
reference will be made to these in a chapter on "Lec-
tures and Entertainments."
In 1855 came a financial disturbance that amounted
to nearly a panic. It grew out of the condition of the
currency and the banks. The Legislature, in 1852,
had passed a " Free Banking" law, authorizing the
issue of bills by private banks on the security of our
State bonds, or those of any State approved by the
State ofiBcers. Under a lax construction of this act,
or the laxity of its provisions which no construction
could tighten, a large number of banks had grown up
all over the State, some well fortified with securities
of circulation, some indiflFerently, and .some hardly
protected at all. For a while their issues all went
ofi' freely at home, though a good deal distrusted out-
side of the State. The State officers had exercised
less than due care in distinguishing between the
securities offered, and some of a doubtful character
had been accepted, and issues upon them thrown into
the current of business. Governor Wright, who had
come to doubt the operation of the act, determined to
test the strength of some of the banks by sending
them tlieir bills to redeem in gold. One in Vermil-
lion County, in the slang of the day, " squatted."
This began an impulse of distrust and discrimination
which culminated in 1855, and continued after the
Governor had been succeeded by Governor Willard.
Free bank paper became the plaything of brokers.
One would refuse it, another would take it ; one
would accept it to-day and refuse it to-morrow. Banks
that redeemed on demand, or in any way maintained
lair credit, as some did, were called " gilt-edged," and
were good with all brokers and business men. Others
of a less- assured character were discounted at any rate
that a broker pleased. The brokers, in fact, fixed the
value of the currency of the free banks, and the daily
papers of the city made their first essays at " Money
Articles" in noting the fluctuations. They made
three classes, — the absolutely good, the uncertain, and
the bad, — and these changed, the lower once and a
while rising into the upper, but the general tendency
was downwards. Gradually the weaker banks were
closed up, the stronger became better established, and
the disturbances disappeared till in 1863. When
national banks were first organized, their notes
were not considered any better than the others, but
they possessed the vast advantage of being equally
good everywhere. That was not the ca.se with free
bank paper, which sometimes failed in a man's
pocket when he was out of the State, though pos-
sibly still current at home, and left him in as un-
pleasant a situation as that of " Titmarsh in Lille."
The free banks of Indianapolis were the Bank of the
Capital, Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, the Central
Bank, the Traders' Bank, and the Metropolitan Bank.
In this connection may be noticed the appearance
of the first permanent theatre in a building erected
for it, the Metropolitan, now the Park. There had
frequently been temporary theatrical establishments
in improvised buildings, but in 1857-58, Mr. Val-
entine Butsch built the Metropolitan, on the corner
of Washington and Tennessee Streets, a favorite loca-
tion for circuses in earlier times, and opened it in the
fall of the latter year. It did not prove remunerative
till the outbreak of the war collected large bodies of
idle men here, either as soldiers organizing in camp
or as hangers-on of the army. Then it improved so
greatly that ten years later the same enterprising
"■entleman purchased an incomplete building on the
southeast corner of Illinois and Ohio Streets, and
converted and completed it into the Academy of
I Music, which was burned some half-dozen years later,
i Of the earlier dramatic enterprises here, those of an
144
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
occasional character in temporary quarters, and those
later than this period of the city's history, an ac-
count will be given in a chapter assigned to such
entertainments.
Municipal Government. — The history of the
city and county during the war will be treated in
its own division, and since the war so much of it is a
matter of recent occurrence, within thousands of mem-
ories, that no attempt will be made to present it except
in the details of the different special topics to follow.
These, except as to their early history, have not been
sought to be presented, as any intelligible account
must bring remote periods together in a body that
would break up entirely the course of the general
history. A sketch of our manufactures, to illustrate,
would have to mass together all material facts between
the steam-mill in 1832 and the car-works in 1882, a
period of fifty years, and to thrust such a mass into
the course of the general history would make an irre-
coverable disconnection. It would be the same with
our schools, churches, press, banks, entertainments,
and other special subjects vitally connected with the
city's history, but readily separable from the general
narrative.
The first special subject is naturally that of the
city government, of which something has already
been said. The first municipal organization was in
1832. From that time the history of the county
and that of the city are measurably separated. The
changes up to the time of the adoption of the city
form of government have been already noted ; those
since, till the addition of a Board of Aldermen, may
be very briefly stated. In 1853 the general charter
law was adopted, by which the elections were changed
from April to May, the terms of all officers to a single
year, each ward given two councilmen, all elections
given to the people, and the mayor made president
of the Council, as he has continued to be ever since.
In 1857 the Legislature amended the general charter
act, which made the terms of all oflicers two years,
and vacated half the seats in the Council each year.
In 1859 an amendment made the Council terms four
years instead of two. In 1861 the First Ward was
divided and the Ninth made of the eastern half,
and a similar division of the Seventh made the
Eighth of the eastern half In 1865 a new charter
was put in operation, which made all terms of office
two years, created the office of auditor, and made the
auditor, assessor, attorney, and engineer elective by
the Council. In 1867 this was changed so as to
create the office of city judge and give to the people
only the choice of mayor, clerk, marshal, treasurer,
assessor, and judge. The offices of auditor and
judge were abolished in 1869, the duties of auditor
going to the clerk and those of judge to the mayor.
The charter remained unchanged till 1877, when the
Board of Aldermen was created ; then the terms of
councilmen were made one year and of aldermen two
years. In 1881 a change was made, giving a term
of two years to both and changing the time of the
city election from May to October. The nine wards
of 1861 remained unchanged till 1876, when they
were increased to thirteen. When the Board of
Aldermen was created they were increased to twenty-
five and a councilman assigned to each one, while the
whole were divided into five districts with two alder-
men to each.
In noting the.se political indications of the growth
of the city it may be noted that the first addition to
the territory of the city was made by John Wood,
the banker, in June, 1836. In 1854 and 1855
Blake, Drake, Fletcher, Mayhew, Blackford, and
others made considerable additions. Mr. Ignatius
Brown estimates that between sixty and eighty ad-
ditions had been made up to 1868. Taking into
account the enormous additions and subdivisions of
additions made during the real estate speculations
after 1868 up to 1875, the whole number can hardly
be less than one hundred and fifty. Not a few of
these have since relapsed into their original condi-
tion to avoid city taxes, but the territory of the city
still is very nearly three times as large as the dona-
tion and a dozen times as large as the original plat
of the town. The city assessments for taxes since the
organization of the city government are as follows:
Year. Tii.vables.
1847 $1,000,000
1850 2,326,186
1852 4,000,000
1853 5,131,682
1854 6,500,000
Tear. Taxables.
1855 $8,000,000
1856 9,146,000
1857 9,874,000
1858 10,475,000
1859 7,146,607
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
145
Tear. Taxables,
1S6U $10,700,000
1861 10,000,000
1862 10,250,000
1863 18,578,683
186+ 19,723,732
1865 20,913,274
1866 24,835,750
1867 25,500,605
1868 24,000,000
1869 22,000,000
1870 24,522,261
1871 27,908,820
Yenr. Taxables.
1872 .$34,746,026
1873 61,246,311"
1874 67,309,193
1875 69,251,749
1876 60,456,200=
1877 55,367,245
1878 50,029,975
1879 48,099,940
1880 .-. 50,030,271
1881 51,901,217
1882 52,612,595
1883 53,128,150
The present assessment of the county is about |
§75,000,000. That of the city constituting two-
thirds of it, the fluctuations of the latter have caused
equal variations in the other. The tax-rate of the
county is 70 cents for all purposes ; that of the city
SI. 12, which is the limit. Something of the extent
of the real estate speculative fever in 1873 may be
judged from the fact that the sales in 1872 were
reported by the Board of Trade as double those
of 1871, and those of 1873 doubled those of 1872,
amounting to over $32,500,000. Since that time
there has been no such inflation of speculation. In
1864 an ordinance required the issue of a " permit"
from the city clerk to authorize the erection of a
building. In 1865 it was found that 1621 buildings
were erected ; in 1866, 1112 ; in 1867, 747 ; in 1870,
840 ; in 1873, 600. Since then the decline has been
heavy and continual until within the last two years.
The decrease in the number of buildings, which will
be observed, was more than compensated by the in-
creased value till the general financial disturbance
broke down building of all kinds almost entirely.
The first street improvement made by the city was
in 1836-37. At that time the national government
was metaling the National road through the city, and
the occasion ofiered a very obvious motive to the trus-
tees to do something for their sidewalks. The some-
thing was not much, but it accomplished some brick
pavements and some grading down of inequalities.
About that time, too, some shade-trees, principally
locusts, were set out on the street then and for a good
" An act of the Legislature this year required appraisement
at cash valuation, and all real property advanced all over the
State.
2 The effect of depreciation following the panic of 1873.
10
many years called Main Street, and in various parts
of the city. Some of these old locusts were standing
on the corner of Meridian Street for twenty years.
On the other streets they remained longer, and a few
are still standing in scattered localities. A general
plan of street improvement and drainage was made
by James Wood, in 1841, upon an order of the
Council, but nothing was done with it at the time,
though later it was partially carried out where prac-
ticable at all. The sidewalks of Washington Street
were widened from the fifteen feet of the original
plat to twenty, and those of the other streets from
the original ten to twelve, and later to fifteen. Pave-
ments were occasionally made, but more frequently
graveled walks took their place all along the interval
from 1836 to 1859, and the grading and graveling
of streets went on too ; but the first substantial im-
provement was bowldering Washington Street from
Illinois to Meridian. From that time onward street
improvement has gone on with little interruption, —
some of it of a costly kind, as the block pavement of
Delaware and other streets, which soon wore out and
required replacing by bowlders. A recent effort has
been made to replace the bowlders of Washington
Street and the blocks of Market with Medina stone,
but the cost of that material makes it unlikely to
displace bowlders on any but streets largely occupied
by wealthy residents. In 1855 an attempt was made
to number the houses on Washington Street, but it
was indifferently done, and nothing further was at-
tempted in that direction till 1858, when A. C. How-
ard, on a Council order, numbered all the streets;
but counting only the houses then erected, the faulty
plan was soon disclosed, and in 1864 he renumbered
them on the Philadelphia plan of making fifty
numbers to a block. The most extensive and costly
improvement, however, has been the sewage system,
adopted in 1870. It began with a main sewer of
eight feet in diameter from Washington Street to
the river, down Kentucky Avenue. A branch was
carried up the bed of the canal from the avenue to
Market Street, which effaced the canal that far.
Another branch was carried along South Street to
Fletcher Avenue, and down that avenue to its ter-
mination. Since then a branch has been constructed
146
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
on Illinois Street, Pennsylvania Street, and other
streets, and the trunk line extended to the creek at
Noble Street to connect with a line to the Female
Reformatory. In 1868 a fifteen-cent sewage tax was
levied, and a sewer on Ray Street, from Delaware
to the creek, was made, terminating under Ray Street
bridge, at a cost of sixteen thousand five hundred
dollars. The later and larger aifair cost one hundred
and eighty thousand dollars. The contractors were
Wirth & Co., of Cincinnati. Their competitors were
Symonds & Hyland, who were alleged at the time to
have offered the city more favorable terms, and their
rejection by the Council caused open charges of cor-
ruption to be repeatedly urged in some of the city
papers. The other street improvements — the street
lamps, railway lines, and the water supply — have
already been referred to, and do not belong to an ac-
count of works prosecuted by the city. In 1871 the
perils of crossing the union tracks on busy streets
caused the erection of an iron viaduct on Delaware
Street, some six hundred feet long and high enough
under the upper span for the easy passage of engines
and cars. It was but little used, however, and in
1874 was taken down and the iron used in making
canal and creek bridges. In 1873 a more effective
relief, it was thought, would be given to the crowded
business of Illinois Street at the west end of the
Union Depot by a tunnel extending, with its ap-
proaches, from near South Street to near the middle
of the block north of Louisiana Street. It was built
at a cost of forty thousand dollars, — so stated at the
time, — with two wagon-tracks, in separate arches, and
an elevated foot-passenger track on each side some
three feet higher. The latter were soon found to be
used for vile purposes, and were closed. The main
tunnel was maintained in good order, but surren-
dered wholly to the street-railway company, which has
two tracks in it. In heavy rains the tunnel is so flooded
as to be frequently impassable for a time. The amount
of street-work done in twelve years — from 1836 to
1848 — may be judged from the fact that it had all
made a debt of but six thousand dollars, and that
only because the city would not bear a tax heavy
enough to pay its way. An election was held in
1849 to determine whether a special tax of ten cents
should be levied to pay it, and the proposition was
carried by only eleven votes. That made the whole
tax-rate forty-five cents on one hundred dollars, and
I made a general growl of discontent. Aside from
these necessary improvements, the citizens have made
a beautiful and desirable one of their own in the
lines of shade-^rees — the maples, and catalpas occa-
sionally— that border all the principal streets of resi-
dence, making continuous arches of grateful shade
for miles. Much pride is taken in this voluntary
decoration of the streets, and the Council has sup-
ported it by appointing a forester to look after the
general interests of shade-trees in streets and parks.
The city has four parks, — the Circle, Military,
University, and Garfield. The last is far larger than
all the others together, and is the only one the city
really owns, and the only one the city has never tried
to improve. It lies a little south of the southern
boundary, at the junction of Pleasant Run and Bean
Creek, contains about one hundred and ten acres, and
possesses an agreeable diversity of forest and meadow,
level and ascent, and might easily and cheaply be
made a popular resort. It cost about one thousand
dollars an acre. The other three parks belong to the
State, but are given to the city as places of recrea-
tion on condition of their proper care and mainte-
nance. They have all been handsomely laid out
with walks and turf-plats and patches of trees and
shrubbery, with a considerable pond and fountain in
Military Park. It is the remains of the old Military
Ground, or Reservation, that figures so frequently in
the early history of the city. It contains about
twenty acres, the others about four acres each.
The city had no police force till 1854. In Septem-
ber of that year it appointed fourteen men to that ser-
vice, with Jefferson Springsteen as captain. The ordi-
nance creating this force was repealed Dec. 17, 1855,
partly because the citizens grumbled at the expense,
and partly because an attempt to arrest some offend-
ing Germans in August — under the prohibitory liquor
act which went into force the preceding June and
was never regarded by anybody — made a riot on East
Washington Street that ended in several of the Ger-
mans being wounded by pistol-shots. The citizens
and the Council sustained the police, but the Su-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
147
preme Court speedily killed the prohibitory luw.
The expense was serious, the police services not
conspicuous then, and the Germans were bitterly
exasperated at the force. Early in the following
year, however, a second force of ten men, under
Capt. Jesse Van Blarioum, was created. This was
ended the next May by hostile party action, which
made a substitute of one officer in each ward ap-
pointed by the marshal. The next May saw a i
change of party power, and another police force
of seven men, under Capt. A. D. Rose, was created.
Two men were added to this force the next year,
1858, under Capt. Samuel Lefevre. Rose went back
in 1859, and the force was increased to two men
from each ward in 18(51, making fourteen men.
Rose held till October, and was succeeded by
Thomas Ramsey. Two men were dropped the same
year, and John R. Cotton took command the next
May, 1862, when the two day-patrolmen were re-
placed, and the force uniformed at the city's expense.
Thomas D. Amos was made captain in 1863, the
force increased by a lieutenant and twenty-five men,
— eighteen for the night- and seven for the day-
patrol. David M. Powell succeeded as chief the
same year, and the city obtained material help, in
preserving peace, from the military authorities, which
were then strong, and the force of rowdies and
scoundrels equally strong, and needing the com-
bined repression of both powers. The ordinance of
March, 1864, established police districts, and Sam-
uel A. Cramer was made captain in May. During
the State Fair of 1864 twenty-six special policemen
were added. On the 5th of December an ordinance
added sixteen men till the following May, and made
the chief's salary fifteen hundred dollars. The pay
of the men was also increased in 1863 and 1864, being
fixed finally at two dollars and a half and three
dollars a day. In 1865, Jesse Van Blaricum was
again made chief, with two lieutenants, nine day- and
eighteen night-patrolmen, two detectives, and sixteen
specials. He was succeeded in April, 1866, by
Thomas S. Wilson, and he in 1870 by Henry Paul.
Eli Thompson came in 1871 and continued till
1874, when he was succeeded by Frank Wilson, who
held two years, and was followed in 1876 by A. C.
Dewey for a year, when Albert Travis succeeded
from 1877 to 1880, and Robert C. Williamson fol-
lowed till 1883, when the Metropolitan Police Act
superseded him and the whole city force. The
number was varied occasionally during this time, but
was never so low as in the days preceding 1870.
The present condition of the force under the new
system will be found in the preliminary statement of
the general condition of the city, and need not be
repeated here. The Metropolitan force was created
by an act of the Legislature of the winter of 1883,
authorizing the appointment of three commissioners
by the State officers, who should hold office three
years, one retiring each year, and who should ap-
point and control the whole police force of the city.
They made Maj. Robbins chief, who retired recently,
and was succeeded by John A. Lang, who had pre-
viously been a captain. Maj. Robbins had given
offense to many by regulations in derogation of the
State law touching the conduct of liquor saloons.
In 1865, Alexis Coquillard organized a force of a
dozen men to patrol the business streets and protect
business property at the expense of the persons
served. The Council gave them police powers. A.
D. Rose subsequently commanded it. Capt. Thomas
now commands it, in a considerably enlarged force
however. Besides these there are a half-dozen at
the Union Depot, appointed and paid by the Union
Railway Company, who are invested with police
powers by the Council, and later by the Metropolitan
authority. In this account of the police force of the
city the facts are derived from Mr. Ignatius Brown's
sketch, so far as its earlier history is concerned.
In 1826, as already related, a fire company was
organized under Capt. John Hawkins, to operate
with buckets and ladders. It maintained its organi-
zation till 1835, when it was absorbed by the Marion
Engine Company, organized to operate the " Marion
Engine," purchased at the joint expense of the State
and city in that year. It was an " end-brake," re-
quiring about twenty-four men to work it fully,
and a powerful and very serviceable ■' machine" it
proved. It was made by Merrick, of Philadelphia.
A two-story frame house was built for it in 1837
on the north of the Circle, the City Council meeting
148
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTl.
in the upper rooms. It was burned in 1851, and
with it a large portion of the city records. In 1855
a handsome two-story brick was erected for it at the
corner of Massachusetts Avenue and New York
Street. In 1840 a second engine, and second-band
engine, too, called the "Good Intent," was purchased
and " ran" with the Marion for a year ; then a por-
tion of the company, under John H. Wright, took
her and formed the " Relief Company" to work her.
The members of both these companies were among
the leading citizens. Caleb Scudder was the first
captain of the Marion, and James M. Ray the first
secretary. Capt. Scudder was succeeded by James
Blake, Dr. John L. Mothershead, and others of the
same position. John H. Wright was a leading mer-
chant here, and one of the founders of the pork-
packing business. The law at that time exempted
firemen from city taxes and jury duty, and though
these were slight considerations to the first of our
volunteer firemen, they were con,siderable induce-
ments to their successors, who were of the class that
usually make up fire companies in other cities. Ten
years of active service entitled a member to retire as
an '' honorary," with all his exemptions. This per-
mission was taken advantage of by the early mem-
bers as fast as it could be used, and the consequence
was that by the year 1850 very few of them were
left in either company in active service. The later
companies never boasted of the possession of any of
the " pioneers."
For nearly ten years these two companies remained
alone, depending on church and hotel bells and per-
sonal and general yells to make their alarms, and on
private wells and the creek and canal for their supply
of water. Private wells were made available some-
times by letting down a " worm" fence or tearing
away a panel of picket fence, and sometimes by " lines
of buckets," that is, of spectators passing buckets
from the well to the engine. At the first organization
of a fire company, in 1826, every householder was
expected to give all the bucket help he could, but no
" fire-buckets" for that especial service were made for
some years after, probably not till the Marion Engine
Company was organized. Then they came, great
awkward leather affairs, made by our own harness-
makers in some cases, if not all, and painted blue
inside by Samuel S. Rooker, the pioneer painter.
They were about a foot and a half high, a foot across
the mouth, ten inches at the bottom, with a swell in
the middle that gave them the look of a small beer
keg, with a leather-covered rope round the mouth, and
a broad leather strap for a handle, which made them
easy to carry but exceedingly hard to discharge with
a throw, such an effort being likely to leave half the
contents scattered over the person of the adventurous
thrower. A later style of bucket, which was smaller,
conical, with a considerable spread at the mouth, suc-
ceeded and did better work.
In 1849 the " Western Liberties Company" was
organized in the west of the city and took the old
" Good Intent" from the " Relief Company," when
the latter got a "row-boat" engine, in which the men
were all seated and the brakes worked horizontally.
This was housed in a two-story brick on the west
side of Meridian Street, in what is now " Hubbard's
Block." In 1858, near the end of the volunteer ser-
vice, with the help of the Council and the subscrip-
tions of citizens, the " Relief" purchased a handsome
end-brake engine and used it till disbanded in Novem-
ber, 1859. The " row-boat" they broke up and sold
the next spring. The Marion Company exchanged
their well-tried engine for a fine side-brake in 1858,
but never used it much, and it was sold to a Peru
company, in 1860, for two thousand one hundred and
thirty dollars. The later companies having short
lives and little history, need little notice. The
" Western Liberties," formed in 1849, used the
" Good Intent" in a house on the point between
Washington Street and the National road till 1857,
when a brick building was erected for them on
West Washington Street, where one of the steam-
engines is stationed now, and a new engine called
the " Indiana" given them. Like most of the other
companies, they were disbanded in 1859 and their
engine sold. The " Invincibles," derisively called
the " Wooden Shoes" by the older companies, or-
ganized in May, 1852, and got a little iron-box,
end-brake engine called the " Victory," which, light
and easily handled, and working well with a strong
company, was always early and frequently first at fires,
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
149
the great point of competition with volunteer com-
panies. In 1857 they obtained a fine new engine,
the" Conquerer," and used it till August, 1859, when
they were disbanded. Their house was a brick on
the east side of New Jersey Street, a half-square north
of Washington. It was afterwards a notorious bagnio
during the war. The " Invincibles" went into the
"paid" department in 18G0, with their engine, but
remained only a few months, when they finally dis-
banded and sold their engine to Fort Wayne. The
" Union Company" was organized in 1855 ; a handsome
two-story brick house was built for them on the south
side of East South Street, now occupied by a steam-
engine, and a fine large end-brake engine given them,
which they called •' The Spirit of 7 and G" because
they represented those two wards. They were dis-
banded in November, 1859.
The " Rovers" organized in 1858 in the north-
western part of the city, and were given a house and
one of the old engines. Before anything more could
be done the volunteer system was so obviously breaking
down that the company was disbanded in June, 1859.
The " Hook-and-Ladder Company" was organized in
1843, and did all that their means and opportunities
allowed till they were disbanded with the other com-
panies in 1859. Its house was on the west end of
the East Market space. Besides these regular com-
panies there were two companies of boys engaged in
the volunteer service for a time, the " 0. K. Bucket
Company" and the " Young America Hook-and-
Ladder Company." The former was organized in
1849, used the old city buckets for a time, and were
then provided with new and better ones and with a
handsome light wagon to carry them. This com-
pany was often of considerable service to the others
by its ready supply of buckets. They had a frame
house on the northeast corner of Maryland and Me-
ridian Streets. They were disbanded in 1854, reor-
ganized next year, again disbanded and organized as
an engine company with the little iron-box " Vic-
tory." The " Young America Company" were given
their " hooks" and other apparatus in 1858, but did
little, and were disbanded in November, 1859.
There were no " hose companies" in the volunteer
service, though in each engine company there came
to be in the latter days a sort of separate formation
of "engine" and "hose" men. The ofiicers were a
captain (who was also president), secretary, treasurer,
engine directors, hose directors, and messenger, the
latter being paid some fifty dollars a year by the
Council to attend to the apparatus and keep it in re-
pair. A "suction hose" man was u.sually appointed
from the most experienced members, his duty being
to couple the sections of the " suction" hose and at-
tach it to the engine, a service on which a good deal
of the readiness of the engine for action depended.
Until 1852-53 the cost of the volunteer system was
a trifle. Occasional repairs of hose, rarer repairs of
engines, and an occasional repainting made the sum of
it; but as the character of the service changed by the
retirement of the original members, the pioneers both
of the city and the service, the expenses increased.
The companies were less associations of citizens for
mutual protection than unpaid employes of the
public, and they became clamorous for larger outlays,
not in wages, but in parades and houses and fine ap-
paratus. They were entirely independent, however,
and to remedy some of the evils of rivalry and occa-
sional contention it was determined in 1853 to sub-
ject them fully to the city authority, and a chief fire
engineer was appointed with two assistants. The
first chief was Joseph Little, the first assistant B.
R. Sulgrove, second, William King. Obedience was
made the condition of aid from the Council. As a
protection against a power which might be tyranni-
cally used the firemen determined to unite on their
part to secure co-operation and unity of purpose, and
they formed the Fire Association, with B. R. Sul-
grove as president. It was composed of delegates
elected from each company, and met monthly in the
upper room of the " Relief Company" on Meridian
Street. It was recognized by the Council as the
representative of the whole body of firemen, and of
course became at once a formidable political power.
By a sort of tacit agreement the city clerk was as-
signed to the firemen. Their " legislature" assumed
to determine all fire appropriations, and as they felt
their power more clearly they made their demands
more imperiously. The citizens grumbled at the ex-
pense and the Council at the usurpation of its power,
150
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and finally the association split into factions, the pres-
idency began to be " log-rolled" and intrigued for,
and the end was evidently close at hand. It came
with the election of Joseph W. Davis, captain of the
" Invincibles," as fire engineer in 1858. He had
made warm friends and bitter enemies, and the ani-
mosities went into the association when he went into
the fire chieftancy. The firemen had held their
power by union against the hostility of the citizens,
and now their union was broken. In 1859 an at-
tempt was made, by the election of John E. Foudray
as chief, to restore harmony and maintain the volun-
teer system, but it was idle. Steam had made its
Way to recognition and favor because, as Miles
Greenwood, the chief of Cincinnati, said, " it neither
drank whiskey nor threw brickbats," and steam made
its way here in the fall of 1859. An order for a Lee
& Lamed rotary engine was made then, and the en-
gine received the following March. It was put in
the house of the " Westerns" and the steam depart-
ment fairly established, though for some months two
hand-engines and the hook-and-ladder wagon were
retained. The steam-engine was in charge of Frank
Glazier, the hand-engines of Charles Richman and
William Sherwood, and the hook-and-ladder of Wil-
liam N. Darnell. The volunteer system died in No-
vember, 1859. Joseph W. Davis was chief of the
new paid department, with a salary of three hundred
dollars. In August, 1860, a small " Latta" was
bought and put in the Marion house on Massachu-
Betts Avenue. In October a Seneca Falls engine
was obtained and put in the Union house on South
Street. The first of these was in charge of Charles
Curtiss, the second of Daniel Glazier. The hand-
engines were then permanently dismissed and the
last vestiges of the volunteer system lost.
In 1863 an alarm-bell was placed in an open frame-
work tower in the rear of the Glenn Block on Wash-
ington Street, and was rung by an apparatus from
the cupola on the block, where a watch was stationed
day and night. Till 1868 this watch designated the
locality of a fire by striking the number of the ward ;
then in February a system of automatic telegraph
signals was introduced, at an expense of six thousand
dollars, and has continued in operation ever since.
The signals are made by a little motion of an ap-
paratus in a locked iron box, which communicates
electrically with all the fire-bells in the city, each
box automatically ringing a certain number of strokes,
designating its locality, and repeating them five times.
I The keys of the boxes are kept in adjacent houses,
1 and their places and their signals published, so that
at any alarm anybody may know almost the exact
place of the fire.
The water supply, as already stated, was for a con-
siderable time dependent on private wells, though as
early as 1840, or thereabouts, one or two public wells
were dug for the engines. These were increased
afterwards, but no cisterns were made till 1852,
when a cistern tax was levied and sixteen constructed
' in difierent parts of the city. Two small three hun-
dred-barrel cisterns were made in 1850, but their
inadequacy only proved the necessity of more.
There are now one hundred and forty-nine in the
city, many of them exceeding two thousand barrels,
besides the supply from the waterworks by five
hundred and thirty-two hydrants. The present
steam paid department consists of seventy-six men
(thirteen firemen, six engineers, six stokers, twenty-two
hosemen, six laddermen, nineteen drivers, two tele-
graph-men, one supply-driver, one watchman at head-
quarters), eight engines (of which six are in service,
one in reserve, one used for filling cisterns), ten reels
in service, two in reserve, one chemical apparatus or
engine, two hook-and-ladder wagons, two supply-
wagons, thirty-four horses, three watch-tower men,
fifteen chemical extinguishers (hand), twelve horses,
one hundred and eight fire-alarm boxes. The water
supply, as already stated, is furnished by the Holly
system of " direct pressure," and the hose can be
used effectively directly from the hydrants.
The notable fires in the city are not numerous, and
none have been very destructive. In 1826 or 1827
the residence of Nicholas McCarty, on West Mary-
land Street, was burned, and was the second fire in
the place. That of Maj. Carter's tavern, in 1825,
already related, was the first. The next was the first
tobacco- factory on Kentucky Avenue, which was
burned in 1838, causing an uninsured lo.ss of ten
thousand dollars. On 4th February, 1843, the
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
151
Washington Hall was seriously damaged by fire. May 9. — Corner Kentucky Avenue and Sliarpe
In 1852 the row of two-story frames from the Capi- Street, Indianapolis Stove Company, stove foundry,
tal House, east to the alley at Tomlinson's Block, was ! cause unknown; loss, $21,938; insurance, $15,980.
burned, the most extensive fire in area that had then
occurred in the place. In 1853 all the stables and
out-buildings in the rear of the " Wright House," or
Washington Hall, were burned, making a very large
and destructive conflagration. In 1852 the Eagle
Machine- Works were damaged to the extent of
twenty thousand dollars, and the next year by an-
other fire nearly as serious. In 1853 the grist-mill
of Morris Brothers, on the corner north of the Eagle
Machine- Works, was totally destroyed and never re-
built. In 1856, Carlisle's mill, on the canal basin at
the end of Market Street, was burned. In 1858 the
smoke-house of W. & I. Mansur's pork-house was
burned, causing a serious loss of cured meats. In
the spring of 1865 the most disastrous fire ever
known here took place in Kingan's new pork-house,
then but a single year in operation. The loss was
two hundred and forty thousand dollars, but largely
insured. In 1874, March 22d, both sides of North
Pennsylvania Street, including the " Exchange
Block" and the unfinished hotel, now the Denison,
and the " Martindale Block," were nearly destroyed,
causing a loss, mostly insured, of two hundred thou-
sand dollars. In 1876, Tousey & Wiggans' meat
storage-house, on South Pennsylvania Street, was
damaged by fire to the extent of ten thousand dollars
or more, insured. In June, 1875, Elevator B was to-
tally destroyed, with a loss of thirty thousand dollars.
In 1876 the street-car stables were burned. In the
winter of 1880, Ferguson's pork-house, south of the
Vandalia road, on the east bank of the river, was en-
tirely destroyed, with a loss of two hundred thousand
dollars. In the winter of 1878-79 the " Centennial
Block," on South Meridian Street, was damaged to
the extent of thirty thousand dollars. The most
important fires of the past year were the following :
March 13. — Corner Dakota Street, J. Shellen-
berger, butter-dish factory, cause unknown ; loss,
$10,900.50; insurance, $7500.
April 20. — Pogue's Run and East Michigan Street
Corner Kentucky Avenue and Sharpc Street, Eugle
Machine- Works, storage-room, communicated ; loss,
$5200 ; insurance, $2000. Corner Kentucky Ave-
nue and Sharpe Street, W. W. Choezum, saloon and
residence, communicated ; loss, $1239 ; insurance,
$1000. No. 21 Sharpe Street, Gus. Wilde, resi-
dence, communicated ; loss, $650 ; insurance, $900.
July 2. — 354 East Washington Street, Helm &
Hartman, flour-mill; loss, $5057.45; insurance,
$4100.
Sept. 28. — Mclntire Street near Canal, T. P.
Haughey, glue-factory ; loss, $6047.05 ; insurance,
$9550.
Oct. 31. — Second Street and Canal, J. F. Failey,
wheel-works; loss, $6204.66 ; insurance, $18,000.
Jan. 6, 1884. — Tennessee Street, stables of the
Citizens' Street Railway Company, damaged to the
amount of .$10,000.
CHAPTER VII.
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.— (C'on/nme</.)
COMMERCIAL AND MERCANTILE INTERESTS OF THE CITT.
The early commerce of Indianapolis was a matter
of road-wagons and country stores. The most of
it was barter and all of it was mixed. Dry-goods,
drugs and groceries, cutlery, queensware and leather,
books, tubs, and salt fish were all to be found in the
same establishment, and whiskey was universal. A
half-dozen yards of red flannel swung over the door
on two sticks and hung down the sides was an un-
failing sign ; a name over the door was not. The
trade that was not barter — and that was not much —
was managed with Spanish silver. The railroads of
those days did all the transportation, but the rails
were as often an obstruction as an assistance, as already
J. R. Pearson et al, butter-dish factory, incendiary; ; related. The cars that ran upon them and across
loss, $4489.36 ; insurance, $6000.
them were usually drawn by four horses, — rarely less
152
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
than three, — and rang their bells in a bow above the
hames in an incessant and not unmusical jangle.
The canvas cover was full a dozen feet along the top,
following the deep hollow from the uptiit at each
end, and six or seven in diameter. A good big
wagon loaded and belled, with a good team well
harnes.sed, and a driver of the Clem Peery school
mounted in his " wagon" saddle — a different variety
from the " riding" saddle, being made with black
harness-leather skirts cut square — on the " near"
wheel-horse, and driving with a ten-feet line of
inch bridle-leather fastened to the ■' bit" of the
" near" leader, his " blacksnake" whip in hand —
and your teamster would have held it a shame to u.se
anything else — cracking as merrily as an Italian cab-
driver, was an inspiriting sight. In good weather,
along the old Michigan road, on the way to Cincin-
nati by Lawrenceburg, or to Madison by Napoleon,
one might sometimes see a dozen of these gigantic
white caterpillars following each other, loaded with
goods for McCarty, or Wright, or Iledderly, or Ilan-
naman, or Justin Smith, and driven by Clem Peery,
Bill Stuck, his brother Perry, Sam llitchey and his
brother Arnold, Wash Norwood, or Charley O'Neal,
a brother of the noted criminal lawyer Hugh O'Neal,
or some of the teaming fraternity, who took the place
of the railroads, engines, and trains of to-day. They
rarely took anything away, so the trip one way had
to pay for both. Our exports usually went out afoot.
Hog driving was almost a separate occupation forty
years ago and before, and all the time till railroads
came. It was a slow, cold, wearisome business,
for it could only be done in winter ; was usually
done to Cincinnati; the roads were rough, the way
long, and the night was consumed in feeding the
" grunting herd." Wagons sometimes followed to
take care of the lame and exhausted, or what are
now called "slow" hogs. The hog drover, in his
normal night condition, was covered with the slop
of thawing roads, tired, cross, and hungry. In
this condition the late Oliver H. Smith carried to
Cincinnati with his drove of hogs the news of his
own election to the United States Senate. The
elder John Wood drove horses to New Orleans in
the same fashion, but less unpleasantly. He was
the only trader in Indianapolis in that line or that
direction.
John Wood, who was of Scotch-Iri.sh parentage,
was born July 25, 1784, in Orange County, N. Y.,
where his boyhood was spent in school or in various
active pursuits. He married, in 180G, Miss Rachel
Brown, and had children, — Daniel B. and Rachel
(Mrs. George Myers), both of whom died in Lan-
caster, Ohio, in 1832, and one whose death occurred
in infancy. He married a second time, in 1812,
Miss Sarah West, of Brown County, Ohio, to whom
wore born children, — Eleanor (Mrs. Thomas M.
.1(111 N WOOD.
Smith;, John M., Phebe ( Mrs. M. A. Daugherty),
Mary (Mrs. Robert L. Browning), Martha (Mrs. E.
K. Foster), Cornelia (Mrs. R. L. Browning), and
William E. Mr. Wood early became a dealer in
horses, and continued this business first in New
York State and later in Kentucky, to which State
he removed. While residing in Maysville, in the
latter State, he took horses in large numbers to the
New Orleans market, and was the first man from
Kentucky to engage in this enterprise. In Septem-
ber, 1834, Mr. Wood made Indianapolis his resi-
dence, having for a brief period resided in Lancaster,
Ohio, and purchased a farm of four hundred and
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
153
eighty acres, most of which is now embraced within
the city limits. He continued his business in Indi-
anapolis, and became a large shipper of horses to
other localities. He also opened an extensive livery-
and sales stable, to which his son John succeeded in
1840. and has since transferred to his son, Horace
F. Wood. Mr. Wood was in politics a firm and
uncompromising Whig, but not an oflBce-sceker, his
time and attention having been entirely absorbed in '
the management of his extended private business.
He was, however, active in the political field, and j
eager for the success of his party. He was a mem-
ber of the order of Free and Accepted Masons,
which he joined at an early day in Kentucky, as
also of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows.
His death occurred Jan. 6, 1847. in his sixty-third
year. Two of his children, John M. and William
E., still reside in Indianapolis.
Among the merchants of this primitive period of
transportation were Lawrence M. Vance and David
S. Beaty (of the firm of Vance & Beaty), both
dead now after lives of honorable activity, cut off in
their prime.
Lawrence Martin Vance was the youngest of
nine children of Capt. Samuel Colville Vance, who
for many years held the responsible position of pay-
master of the Northwestern Territory, with head-
quarters at Fort Washington, now Cincinnati. He
subsequently removed to a locality on the Ohio
River which he named Lawrenceburg, after his
wife's maiden name. His wife, Mary Morris Law-
rence, mother of Lawrence M. Vance, was a grand-
daughter of Gen. Arthur St. Clair.
L. M. Vance was born at Cincinnati, July 1(5, 1816.
His youth until eighteen years of age was spent at
Lawrenceburg. He was a companion in boyhood ol'
Governor A. G. Porter, who speaks of him as a
bright, venturesome lad, with sanguine temperament
and open, manly nature. Those traits certainly
characterized his later life. His opportunities for
early education were ample, but, freed from restraint
by the death of his parents in early childhood, he
followed his inclination to engage in active business
pursuits and never completed a collegiate course.
He removed in early manhood to Indianapolis.
There he engaged in general merchandise in partner-
ship with the late Hervey Bates, whose eldest daugh-
ter, Mary J. Bates, he married in 1838.
With the first internal improvements in Indiana
he became interested in railroads and railroad build-
ing. He was an oflBcer of the first railroad to enter
Indianapolis, and a large contractor and builder of
one of those subsequently constructed. These en-
terprises occupied the remainder of his active busi-
ness life. He possessed a very large share of
musical talent and no little culture, and was a
member of the first choir in the city, that in Mr.
Beech er's church.
From the first agitation of the " irrepressible con-
flict" he was an ardent Republican, and a most zeal-
ous supporter of the principles subsequently estab-
lished by that party. He sent three sons to the war
in defense of the Union, and himself was active and
earnest in the cause, being intrusted with many im-
portant commissions by the War Governor. His
death, from pleurisy, occurred in March, 1863. His
name is perpetuated in one of the largest business
blocks in the city, erected by Mrs. Vance since his
death.
Mr. Vance possessed a large, whole-souled, emo-
tional nature, and Christian faith and work was a
pleasure as well as a duty with him. The charac-
teristics of his nature were those that came under
obedience to the higher law of morals with natural
ease and grace.
Socially, his wit and humor made him a most
agreeable companion ; his intelligence and good sense
made him an instructive one. Warm-hearted, kind,
afiectionate, a stranger to malice, he was the life of
every circle in which he moved. He was a true
friend, an affectionate father, a faithful husband, an
upright and honest man.
David Sandford Beaty. — John R. Beaty, the
father of the subject of this sketch, was born Dec.
8, 1782, and married Elizabeth Sandford, born May
4, 1791. The birth of their son, David Sandford,
occurred Dec. 31, 1814, in Brookville, Ind.,
where the years of his childhood were spent. After
obtaining the rudiments of an education, he became
a pupil at the State University, located in Blooming-
154
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ton, Ind. He then determined upon a business
career, and choosing Indianapolis as a promising
field for professional and business undertakings, he
became an employe of Hervey Bates, Esq., and re-
mained with that gentleman until his later con-
nection with L. M. Vance in the establishment of
a general dry-goods business. He was one of the
chief promoters of the scheme for lighting the city
with gas, assisted in the organization of the gas com-
pany, and was for many years its efficient secretary.
Mr. Beaty then established a general business agency
for the collection of debts, the settlement of decedents'
estates, and the exercise of guardianship.
These duties absorbed his time and attention and
called him much into the Probate Court, in which
he had extensive business connections. His ability
and undoubted integrity soon threw upon him a
large responsibility, and. in the special department
which he controlled, so increased his labors as to
make serious inroads upon his health, which was
at no time robust. The trusts confided to him
were often of the most important and delicate nature,
requiring the greatest fidelity and keen business per-
ception. The records of the county indicate how
faithfully they were di.scharged, and many widows
and orphans recall with gratitude the scrupulous
manner in which their interests were guarded. Mr.
Beaty also for a while engaged in farming pursuits,
but not to the exclusion of other matters of greater
import. He was one of the first to introduce and
encourage the system of public schools, and an early
member of the School Board of Indianapolis. He
was in politics first a Whig and later a firm adherent
of the principles of the Republican party. In poli-
tics, as in other matters, he was a man of profound
convictions, which led him to be regarded as a strong
partisan. He was in religion a supporter and mem-
ber of the Christian Church. Mr. Beaty was mar-
ried, on the 25th of October, 1842, to Miss Nancy
Singleton, daughter of Dr. John Sanders, of Indian-
apolis, and had eight children, of whom four survive.
Mr. Beaty's death occurred Jan. 17, 1875, in his
sixtieth year. He was regarded as " an honorable,
upright man, whose life was pure and whose repu-
tation was as bright as burnished silver."
As before intimated, the early (Stores of the city
mixed up groceries and dry-goods always, and it
was thirty years or more before the separation was
made complete and a customer had no reason to
expect to find salt and silk, coffee and calico in the
same house. When the separation was made, and
hardware and groceries were kept to themselves,
among the first In the enterprise of maintaining an
unmixed grocery stock was John W. Holland, and in
the similar maintenance of hardware was Abram Bird.
John W. Holland is the son of John Holland,
who was of Southern birth, and resided successively
in Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana. Re-
moving to the latter State in 1816, he settled in
Franklin County, and engaged in the trade of a
grocer. In 1825, Johnson County, Ind., became his
residence, from whence he removed to Bartholomew
County, and in 1827 he became a citizen of Indian-
apolis, where he remained until his death in 1865,
in his eighty-eighth year. He was married to Sarah
Crisfield, and had children, — George B., Nancy H.,
John W., David S., Samuel J., Rebecca E., and two
D. S. BEATY.
^^^^a^^ /<ilcw(^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
155
who died in infancy. Jolin W., their second sod,
was horn in Wellsburg, Brook Co., W. Va., Oct. 23,
1810, and early removed with his parents to Franklin I
County, Ind., where, after receiving a plain education,
he served an apprenticeship in the printing business
with Rev. Augustus D. Jocelyn, at Brookville, in the j
above county. In 1829 he removed to Lawrence- j
burg, and pursued his trade until the following year,
when Indianapolis became bis home. Here he en-
gaged as clerk in the store of A. W. Russell & Co.,
at one hundred and twenty dollars per year and his
board, and was thus employed until 183G, when he ,
became a partner, and continued a member of the i
firm until 1839, when the business was closed. In i
1842 he entered the establishment of William Sheets ;
& Co. as clerk, and in 1847 began the commission
grain business under the firm-name of Blythe &
Holland. Connected with it was the jobbing of
groceries, which was continued until 1850, when the
firm removed their stock to the corner of Washing-
ton and Pennsylvania Streets, and conducted an ex-
clusively grocery jobbing business. This was con-
ducted under various firm-names until 18*77, when
the disasters of the panic, together with enfeebled
health, occasioned Mr. Holland's retirement. He,
however, still maintained his character for integrity
and honor by liquidating all his indebtedness. It
was proverbial that in all his business transactions
" his word was as good as his bond." Mr. Holland I
. 1
is in politics a Republican, though not an active
worker in the political ranks. He is in his religious
affiliations a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, having for fifty-two years identified his name
with the Old Wesley Chapel, in Indianapolis, and
continued his relations with that church until his
later connection with the Roberts Park Methodist
Episcopal Church. He has at various times filled I
the positions of class-leader, exhorter, local deacon,
and local elder. Mr. Holland was. in 1834, married
to Miss Nancy A., daughter of William Farquar, of
Louisville, Ky., to whom were born seven children,
the survivors being Charles Edward, Theodore F.,
Francis R., John H., and Edmonia M. Mrs. Hol-
land died in 1848, and he was a second time mar-
ried, in 1849, to Eliza J. Beckwith, daughter of'
Joseph Roll, of Marion County, whose children are
Pamelia H., Benjamin B., and Willie G.
Abr.\m Bird. — Henry Bird, the father of Abram,
was a native of Virginia. His wife still survives, in
the eighty-eighth year of her age. Their son Abram
was born Nov. 8, 1817, on a farm near Shelbyville,
Ky., from whence, after some years devoted to farm
labor, interspersed with limited educational advan-
tages, he removed to Indianapolis, at that early
period but a small village. His first business expe-
rience was as a clerk in a hardware-store, where by
industry and economy he. after several years of ser-
vice, accumulated sufficient means to establish himself
in the same business near the northeast corner of
Washington and Illinois Streets. At this time
Washington (then called Main) Street was not
adorned with shade-trees, Mr. Bird having been the
pioneer in the planting of trees in this locality.
This disinterested act called forth the warmest com-
mendation from the editor of the Sentinel, who pre-
sented him, as a tribute of regard, a year's subscrip-
tion to the paper. Mr. Bird developed early in life
unusual business capacity, which with assiduous de-
votion to his various enterprises secured a compe-
tence, with which he retired about the beginning of
the late war. Though not directly associated with
any religious organization, he manifested a keen in-
terest in church enterprises, and frequently contributed
toward the erection of churches and the furtherance
of religious causes. In politics he was an ardent
Whig until the dissolution of that party, when he
espoused the principles of the Democratic party, of
which he was in later years a zealous defender. He
was in November, 1843, married to Miss Ann Maria,
daughter of George Norwood, of Indianapolis, to
which union two children were born, William F. and
Georgia (Mrs. Goldsberry). The death of Mr. Bird
occurred Oct. 20, 1881, at his home in Indianapolis,
at the age of sixty- four years.
Although all inward transportation was so largely
done by wagons, and wholly by them after the first
decade of the settlement, a considerable amount was
done by keel-boats up to that time, while all exporta-
tion of any consequence was done by flat-boats, as
related in the earlier part of this work. Of the
156
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
extent and character of the commerce of that day
some notion may be obtained from a report in the
Journal oi 1827. The total "imports" of the year
amounted to about ten thousand dollars, embracing
chiefly seventy-six kegs of tobacco, two liundred bar-
rels of flour, one hundred kegs of powder, four thou-
sand five hundred pounds of spun yarn, and two hun-
dred and thirteen barrels of whiskey, besides seventy-
one barrels made here. Except this statement we
have little account of the early commerce of the city,
and no means of making comparisons or estimating
advances from one period to another. But in one
of the earliest copies of a daily paper published in
Indianapolis, dated Jan. 16, 1843, — the earliest daily
was but a year older, — there is an interesting indica-
tion of the business of that time in the advertise-
ments. Though irrelevant to this particular topic, it
is relevant to the general history to notice here the fact
that legal advertisements were published in this paper
for Morgan, Hendricks, Boone, and Hancock Counties,
— a fair indication that forty years ago neither county
had a paper of its own. The first business adver-
tisement is that of our pioneer artist, Jacob Cox, still
easily the first and most emment, and his brother
Charles, that they are selling " cooking stoves," a
comparatively recent innovation then. " Brandreth's
Pills" are advertised largely as for sale at the book-
store of Charles B. Davis, still a resident here.
Tomlinson Brothers advertise " Sand's Remedy" and
" Dr. E. Spohn's Remedy for Sick-Headache." One of
the brothers is still living here. Benjamin Orr adver-
tises ready-made clothing ; he was the first to open a
house of that kind here in 1838. E. Hedderly, a
leading grocer then, advertises printing ink. Daniel
Yandes, one of the leading pioneers in all enterprises,
advertises a pocket-book, with " ten dollars and valu-
able papers" in it, lost " during Mr. Clay's speech"
the preceding October. Judge Blackford advertises
his reports of the Supreme Court, cheap then, in-
valuable now. John Lister advertises a new '■ livery-
stable on the alley north of the Palmer House"
(Occidental). The late William W. Weaver adver-
tises a " cabinet wareroom." Day, Tyler & Co. ad-
vertise bookbinding. Mr. Tyler is now a farmer
in Perry township. Peck & Willard (Mr. Willard
is still living) advertise a stock of the miscellaneous
character usual at that period, — " machine cards,
ladies' shoes, cambric linen handkerchiefs, silk shirts,
ladies' gloves, hemp and manilla cordage, Chine silks
for ladies' dresses ; want two thousand pounds of
geese feathers." Craighead & Brandon, predecessors
of Browning & Sloan, take a whole column for their
patent medicines. E. Hedderly and Justin Smith
take another column for their groceries. Mr. Smith
was father-in-law of Mr. John H. B. Nowland, tiie
well-known local author. Last of all, E. J. Peck and
E. Hedderly advertise to farmers that they have made
preparations '• to manufacture lard from oil, and are i
ready to receive lard in large or small quantities ;"
" mast-fed pork will be taken at a small difi'erence in
price." Mr. Peck was master bricklayer on the old
State- House, subsequently largely interested in the
gas company here and the Vandalia Railroad, of
which he was superintendent and president.
Edwin J. Peck was amon^ the foremost citizens
of Indianapolis, and actively identified with its com-
mercial and religious interests. His birth occurred
near New Haven., Conn., on the 16th of October,
1806, where his life prior to his advent in Indiana
was spent. He was on his arrival in Indianapolis
employed in superintending the mason-work of the
new State-House then being erected, and intended
during the fall of 1836 to return to his native State.
He was, however, so greatly impressed with the
enterprise, hospitality, and extended opportunities
offered in the capital city that he decided upon
making it his permanent residence. Very speedily
engaging in business, he contracted for and built
the Branch Bank buildings at Madison, Terre
Haute, Lafayette, and South Bend. He was a
director of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad in ■
its most prosperous days, and prominent in the pro-
jection of the Indianapolis and Terre Haute Railroad
(now the Vandalia Line), having given it his per-
sonal supervision during its construction as well as
the survey. He was elected its first treasurer, and
afterward became its president, and was for a period
of twenty years associated with its management.
He was also president of the Union Railway Com-
pany. He was for several years president of the
I
^y^jS,
CMctv_-ivo^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
157
Indianapolis Gaslight and Coke Company, and for
a long time one of the directors of the Insane Asy-
lum. In connection with other prominent citizens
he laid out and beautified the burial-place near the
city known as Greenlawn Cemetery. Mr. Peek pos-
sessed a large-hearted generosity, and manifested
this trait in many unostentatious deed.': of kindness
during his lifetime. Especially was this manifested
in the substantial aid given to individuals in business
enterprises and in encouragement to manufacturing
interests. He was a man of strong convictions, of
steadfast purpose where a principle was involved,
and with courage to defend the right and combat
the wrong. He was cautious in all business opera-
tions,— a trait which contributed greatly to his suc-
cessful career. In his religious convictions he was
a Presbyterian, and a liberal contributor toward the
erection of the Second Presbyterian Church of Indian-
apolis, to which he made a munificent bequest on
his death. Wabash College was also the recipient
of a legacy of very considerable proportions, as was
the Protestant Orphan Asylum. Mr. Peck was in
1840 married to a daughter of Rev. John Thomp-
son, who still survives. His death occurred Nov. 6,
187(), soon after his seventieth birthday, leaving the
record of a virtuous life that rendered him greatly
beloved.
As related in a preceding chapter, several attempts
to establish an Exchange, or Board of Trade, or some
similar organization were made before any succeeded.
The late William Y. Wiley, the first real estate agent
in the days when it meant something, tried to estab-
lish an Auction and Stock Exchange in October,
1853, but it died in a few weeks, and repeated attempts
and failures preceded the present firmly-established
Board of Trade. The present condition of the city's
commerce is presented in the fact that the number of
cars arriving and leaving here is about twenty thou-
sand a week, or one million a year, of which two-
thirds are loaded, or at least six hundred thousand,
each carrying an average of fifteen tons. This gives
a total tonnage in the year of nine million, equal to
the freight of nine thousand ships carrying one thou-
sand tons each, or about twenty-five every day of the
year. Much of this, of course, merely passes through
the city, but what belongs and remains here appears
from the report of the secretary of the Board of
Trade, which says that the importations through
the Custom-House for the year 1882 — the last of
which any report is ready at this time — amounted to
§213,119, paying duties to the amount of $81,513.
The clearances of the Clearing-House amounted to
$101,577,523. In the wholesale trade we have the
following summary :
Dry-goods $6,000,000
liroceries 6,300,000
Hardware and iron 2,350,000
Drugs, paints, oils, etc 2,000,000
Boots and shoes 1,575,000
Queensware 700,000
Hats and caps 385,000
Toys and fancy goods 525,000
Confectionery 540,000
Coffee and spices 140.000
Clothing 420,000
Millinery 725,000
Saddlery and carriage goods 575,000
Leather, findings, and belting 610,000
Produce and commission 1,075,000
Agricultural machinery 1,500,000
.$2.1.420,00(1
This was an increase of seventeen per cent, over
the year before. Among the most prominent and
successful of the wholesale dealers of the city may
be named Mr. C. B. Pattison and Mr. William
Johnson.
Coleman B. Pattison. — The Pattisons are of
Irish lineage. Edward Pattison, the grandfather of
Coleman B., was a native of Kentucky, and later re-
moved to Indiana. He married Hester Day and had
children, twelve in number, of whom Isaac, John,
James, Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Joseph D., and Nel-
son survived. Joseph D. was born Sept. 10, 1809,
in Kentucky, and moved in his early youth to Indi-
ana, where he pursued the vocation of a farmer and
speculator. Indianapolis subsequently became his
residence, from which he repaired to Franklin town-
ship, his present home. He married Miss Lucinda
Mawzy, of Bourbon County, Ky., and had daughters,
Sarah and Elizabeth, and sons, Coleman B. and
Joseph. Coleman B. was born near Ru.?hville, in
Rush County, Ind., April 9, 1845, on the form of his
father. In early life he was sent to Farmers' Col-
lege, near Cincinnati, Ohio (of which he was a trus-
158
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tee), where he graduated in his seventeenth year,
taking high rank in his class. He then came to In-
dianapolis, and became a clerk in the dry-goods and
notion jobbing house of Crossland & Co., then doing
business near Masonic Hall. He remained with this
house until 18G4, one year, when it changed hands,
and the firm of Webb, Tarkington & Co. came into
possession. He continued with the new firm for one
year, when another change took place, and he came
into the house as a one-third partner, the firm-name
then being changed to Landers, Tarkington & Patti-
son. In 1867 this firm was succeeded by Hibben.
Tarkington & Co., Mr. Pattison continuing with the
house. This firm was succeeded by Messrs. Hibben,
Kennedy & Co. in 1870. In 1875 the hou.se again
changed hands, Mr. Pattison taking an active part-
nership, and the firm-name being changed to Hibben,
Pattison & Co. He continued in this position until
July, 1880, when his interest was sold to Mr. J. W.
Murphy. Such, in brief, is a history of Mr. Patti-
son's business career.
About the year 1877, Mr. Pattison's health began
to fail. He was sensible from the first of the nature
of the disease that had marked him as its victim, and
hoping for benefit from change of climate, in the fall
of 1877 went to Florida, where he remained all
winter. He returned and spent the summer of 187S
looking after his business interests, and the followini:
autumn went to Europe, remaining there until the
spring of 1879, when he again returned. His foreign
visit, like the others, had been of but little avail, but
he determined to exhaust every expedient, and after
remaining at home through the summer and autumn
of that year, he departed for California, and prolonged
his stay until the 20th of May. Finding that despiiu
all he could do bis health was fast failing, he returned
to await the inevitable result of his malady. Up to
the very hour of his death he seemed to possess all
those bright, quick, keen qualities that had been so
characteristic of him through his more active life.
Of him it has often been remarked that be was one
of the best business men in Indianapolis. He had a
lar^e circle of friends and acquaintances, both in and
out of business, and by his genial temper and attractive
qualities of mind and heart formed many attachments.
Mr. Pattison early in life exhibited quite a taste for
literary pursuits, and had he turned his attention in
that direction would undoubtedly have distinguished
himself. He wielded a graceful and facile pen, and
has contributed numerous articles to the local press.
Mr. Pattison was married on the 6th of June,
1867, to Miss Sarah J. Hamilton. Their children
are Joseph H., P]mma A., Samuel L., Day Coleman,
and George C. The death of Coleman B. Pattison
occurred on the 27th day of September, 1880.
William Johnson. — Walter Johnson, the grand-
father of William, was of German descent, and re-
sided in Sullivan County, East Tenn., where he fol-
lowed farming employments. He married and had
children, — John F., Benjamin, James, Robert, Absa-
lom, Garrett, William, Looney, Polly (Mrs. Snod-
grass), and Betsy (Mrs. Snodgrass). Their son John
F. was born in Sullivan County, Tenn., where he
continued the pursuits of his father. On the 19th
of January, 1806, he was married to Miss Nancy
Curtin, of the same county, daughter of John and
Margaret Snodgrass Curtin, who were both of Irish
extraction. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
159
were Susannah, born in 1807, who became Mrs.
Moser; Margaret, born in 1809, who was Mrs. Jones;
Walter, whose birth occurred in 1810; William;
Eleanor C, born in 1814, who became Mrs. Parr;
Poll; Ann, born in 1817, who was Mrs. Johnson;
Robert, whose birth occurred in 1819 ; John C, born
in 1824 ; Elizabeth Jane, born in 1826, who was
Mrs. Goodrich; and Benjamin F., born in 1828.
Mrs. Johnson died on the 13th of August, 1854, in
Indianapolis, and Mr. Johnson November 5th, of the
same year, in Benton County, Ind. The latter on
his marriage removed to Hawkins County, Tenn., and
remained twenty-six years, after which he returned
to Sullivan County, and in 1834 made Boone County,
Ind., his home, where he continued farming employ-
ments until his later residence in Indianapolis. His
son William, the subject of this biographical sketch,
was born in Hawkins County, East Tenn., on the 29th
of September, 1812. He enjoyed but limited ad-
vantages of education, and early acquired a knowledge
of farm labor, which engaged his attention during the
remainder of his active life. He was on the 28th of
November, 1833, married to Sarah Elizabeth, daughter
of Lawrence and Mary Snapp, of the same State,
who died Aug. 6, 1882, in her sixty-eighth year.
After his marriage Mr. Johnson removed to Virginia,
and there cultivated a farm. In 1857 he made In-
dianapolis his home, and combined farming with
general trading. He is still the owner of several
farms in the vicinity of the city, and also a large
holder of real estate in Indianapolis. A number of
years ago Mr. Johnson retired from active business,
though still maintaining a personal supervision over
his varied interests. He is in politics a Democrat,
and filled while a resident of Virginia the office of
justice of the peace, since which time he has held no
office. He is not identified with any religious denom-
ination, but a willing contributor to all worthy causes.
In the wholesale hardware trade, Mr. S. B. Carey
and the house with which he is connected hold a
place among the foremost in the city.
Simeon B. Carey. — John Gary, the ancestor of
the family in America, came from Somersetshire,
England, about the year 1634 and joined the Plym-
outh Colony. His name is found among the origi-
nal proprietors and settlers in Duxbury and Bridge-
water, the land he owned having been a part of the
grant made by the Pockonocket Indians in 1639.
Some of his descendants of the eighth generation
still occupy a portion of the original tract. John
Gary was the constable of Bridgewater in 1650, the
year of its incorporation, and also the first town
clerk. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Francis
Godfrey, one of the first settlers of Bridgewater, in
1644, to whom were born eleven children. Of tliis
number his son John, whose birth occurred in 1045,
married Abigail, daughter of Samuel Allen, and had
eleven children. In the direct line of descent was
born in 1735, in Morris County, N. J., Ezra Gary,
the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, who
married Lyda Thompson, and removed to Western
Pennsylvania in 1777. Their children were Phoebe,
Rufus, Cephas, Ephraim, Absalom, Elias, and George.
Cephas, of this number, was born in New Jersey on
Dec. 25, 1776, and accompanied his father to West-
ern Pennsylvania, and subsequently to Ohio in 1790,
stopping for a time on the Ohio near Wheeling, Va.
From thence he repaired to a farm in Shelby County,
Ohio, where he resided until his removal in 1840 to
Sidney, in the same county. His death occurred at
the latter place, at the age of ninety-four years. Mr.
Gary was married first to Jane Williamson, to whom
were born eight children, and second to Rhoda Je-
rard, who was the mother of eight children. His
son by the second marriage, Simeon B., was born
Dec. 20, 1822, in Shelby County, Ohio, in a log
house upon the farm of his father, where he remained
until eighteen years of age, this period being occu-
pied in labor upon the farm or in gaining such ad-
vantages of education as could be obtained at the
neighboring log school-house. His father then re-
moved to Sidney, the county-seat, where the superior
advantages of a grammar school were afforded. He
soon after entered a store as clerk and acted in that
capacity until 1844, when a copartnership was
formed with his brother, under the firm-name of B.
W. & S. B. Carey. He represented the firm in the
purchase of goods in New York, being the youngest
merchant from that locality among the many buyers
of that period. As an illustration of the difficulties
160
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of travel, it may be mentioned that his route was by
stage from Sidney to Cincinnati, and by steamer
from thence to Brownsville, where he traveled again
by stage over the Alleghany Mountains, and thus by
railroad to New York. During the time of this
partnership he, with his brothers Thomas and Jason,
made the overland journey with pack-mules and
horses to California, tarrying at Salt Lake City, and
reaching Sacramento three months from the date of
departure. They soon after removed to the moun-
tains and engaged in traffic between Sacramento and
the mines. In the spring of 1851, after an absence
of twelve months, the illness of Thomas Carey occa-
sioned their somewhat precipitate return, via Isthmus
of Panama and New Orleans. The death of his
partner, Benjamin W., occurred in 1851, when Sim-
eon B. closed the business, and two years later re-
moved to New York, where a more extended field was
opened to him. Mr. Carey first became a clerk in the
hardware establishment of Messrs. Cornells & Willis,
36 Cortland Street, where, after an acceptable ser-
vice of two years in that capacity, he in 1855 was
made a partner, the firm becoming Cornells, Willis &
Carey. In 1869, owing to various changes which
had meanwhile occurred in the wholesale and jobbing
trade, the firm was dissolved, when he removed to
Indianapolis and again embarked in the wholesale
and jobbing hardware business, under the firm-name
of Layman, Carey & Co. This from a small busi-
ness has become the most extensive and leading
wholesale hardware establishment in the State, occu-
pying a spacious building at 67 and 69 South Merid-
ian Street, equipped with two hydraulic elevators.
Their trade is not confined to the limits of Indiana,
but extends into Ohio and Illinois.
Mr. Carey is in politics a Republican, but not an
active political partisan. He is in religion a sup-
porter of the Second Presbyterian Church of Indian-
apolis. He was married Nov. 2, 185-1, to Miss
Lydia, daughter of Eldad and Olive King, of West-
field, Mass. Their children are Ida Fannie, born in
New York, May 3, 1857, who died May 25. 1857 ;
Nellie, whose birth occurred in New York, July 14,
1859, and her death Oct. 26, 1859; Jennie King,
born Oct. 15, 1860, in New York ; and Samuel Cor-
nell, born in Brooklyn, Dec. 16, 1861, now associated
with his father in business. Jennie King was mar-
ried Oct. 26, 1881, to O. S. Brumback, of Toledo,
Ohio, who was born Dec. 2, 1855, in Delaware
County, Ohio, and graduated at Princeton, N. J., in
1877, receiving the degree of A.B., and in 1880 that
of A.M. from the same college. He graduated at
the Law Department of Ann Arbor University, Mich-
igan, receiving in 1879 the degree of LL.B , when
he located in Toledo in the practice of his profession.
In the stove and hollow-ware trade the house of
the late Robert L. McOuat & Co. holds a first rank,
and continues unchanged under the management of
his brother.
Robert L. Mc0c.\t. — The family of McOuats
are of Scotch ancestry. Thomas McOuat, the father
of the subject of this biographical sketch, having in
1830 removed from Lexington, Ky., to Indianapolis,
lie married Miss Janette Lockerbie, who was born
in Glasgow, Scotland, and had children, — William,
Thomas, George, Annie, Robert L., Mary, Andrew
W., Martha, and Jennie. Their son, Robert L.,
was born at Lexington, Ky., Aug. 8, 1827, and was
but three years of age when Marion County became
his home. He was educated under the tutorship of
Thomas Gregg, William Sullivan, and James Kem-
per, of the Marion County Seminary. At the age
of seventeen he abandoned school to enter an ap-
prenticeship at the tinner's trade with Samuel Wain-
right. Having served his time as an apprentice, he
was placed in charge of the business at the old stand
by Mr. Wainright, who opened another store. In
1850, during the gold excitement in California, he
with a friend made the trip, overland, to the gold-
mines, walking all the way from Salt Lake City, and
carrying his provisions and baggage on his back, most
of the time camping and traveling. Arriving in San
Francisco, he immediately secured employment at his
trade with one of the largest establishments, but find-
ing the climate uncongenial he returned to Indian-
apolis, and opened a stove and tinware store with a
small capital. Soon finding the room too small, his
brother George built a room on the opposite side of
the street, which was occupied for many years under
the firm-name of R. L. & A. W. McOuat, during
-5'.^ %-4if.PaK'«
I
Xt.^^i'^r-^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
161
which time he was successful and acquired a little
fortune. During the year 1880 he sold his interest in
the business to his brother and partner, Andrew W.
McOuat, to engage in the manufiicture of car-wheels,
forming a partnership with John May, under the
firm-name of McOuat & May, and for a period of
two years met with success. Having sold large bills
to a manufacturing company outside the State who
were unfortunate in their business operations, the
firm was compelled to suspend. Mr. McOuat subse-
quently secured or paid all claims, and also protected
parties who were joint indorsers on paper with him.
In 1882 he received the nomination for clerk of
the court of Marion County at the hands of the
Democratic party, whose principles he supported, and
although the county was largely Republican, lacked
but a few votes of an election.
He married in 1850, Ellen C. Wallace, whose
death occurred in 1863. He was a second time
married on the 1st of August, 1865, to Eugenia F.,
daughter of Miles W. Burford, of Missouri. Their
children are Effie B., Robert, and Burford. Mr.
McOuat was an active member of the Independent
Order of Odd-Fellows. In religion he was an Epis-
copalian, and formerly senior warden and later a
vestryman of St. Paul's Cathedral, Indianapolis, of
which he was one of the originators, having first sug-
gested the organization and personally presented the
first subscription-paper to raise necessary funds for
the salary of the rector of the parish that afterwards
built the cathedral, in which he continued an earnest
worker and liberal supporter. He was a man of
large and liberal views and indomitable energy, a
close applicant to business, but always taking pleasure
in fishing and hunting, of which he was very fond.
He was strongly attached to his family and home,
where his evenings were invariably passed. In all
his relations, both at home and abroad, he was the
Christian gentleman. Mr. McOuat's death occurred
June 28, 1883, in his fifty-sixth year.
Among the early merchants of the city whose
stocks were not so miscellaneous as those of the dry-
goods or general merchant were the dealers in clocks,
watches, and jewelry, — a trade proportionally more
important now than then, — and among the earliest of
11
these was Humphrey Griffith, and the most extensive
in later years W. H. Talbott. Both have been dead
some years now.
Humphrey Griffith. — The parents of Mr.
Griffith were Evan and Mary Ellis Griffith, the
former having been a member of the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and the latter of the Congrega-
tional Church. Their son Humphrey was born in
Dolgelly, Merionethshire, Wales, Dec. 23, 1791.
His mother died when he was eleven, and his father
when he was twenty years of age, leaving him to
carve for himself by his own unaided efforts a
career of independence. He served an appren-
ticeship of seven years at his trade of watch-
maker and clockmaker at Shrewsbury, England.
He then worked for a time in London, and in
the spring of 1817 emigrated to America, experi-
encing some difficulty in embarking, owing to the
prohibition then existing against skillful workmen
leaving the country. Having sailed from Dublin, he
landed in New York, and was employed first in Hunt-
ingdon, Pa. In Pittsburgh, with two others, he
purchased a skiff, with which he came down the
Ohio. He settled in Lebanon, Ohio, and in 1821
visited Indianapolis, where, at the first sale of town
lots, he purchased property on Washington Street.
In 1822 he left Lebanon and removed to Centreville,
Ind., and while there made additional purchases of
land in the vicinity of Indianapolis, to which place
he removed in 1825, having ordered a shop built
and ready for occupancy on his arrival, in which he
established himself as the first clock and watch-
maker in the city. The clock made by him for the
old State-House fifty years ago has, it is said, never
since run down or needed regulating. In the summer
of 1836 he retired from business with a competency,
which he increased by judicious investments. He
avoided bold speculations, and scrupulously shunned
contracting a debt. He felt great interest in the
growth of the city, and was always prominent in
every scheme of substantial improvement. In early
days he was an active member of the Common Council,
and also served for a term or more as city treasurer.
His leading characteristics were punctuality in all
things, great or little, and an investigating mind.
162
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
He was a great reader and thinker, and developed
more than ordinary mechanical ingenuity. He was
modest and sensitive, always truthful and perfectly
reliable. He married, March 13, 1819, Miss Jane
Stephenson, a native of Scotland, and had nine chil-
dren, four of whom died in infoncy, and three, John
E., Josiah R., and Mary Isabella, in mature years.
John E. and Josiah R. each left families. There
are twelve grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
The two surviving children of Mr. and Mrs. GrifiBth
are Pleasant H. and Mrs. Anne J. Whitehead, both
living in Indianapolis. The eldest son, John E.,
accompanied David Dale Owen in his geological sur-
veys in Illinois, Kentucky, and some of the Terri-
tories. He and his brother Josiah were exemplary
citizens. Mary was an active Christian, and a suc-
cessful teacher in the Sunday-school of the Third
Presbyterian Church, of which she was a member.
Mr. GrifiBth twice vLsitcd the country of his nativity
and the old homestead at Dolgelly in which his birth
occurred. He was confirmed in the Protestant Epis-
copal Church in his fourteenth year, but did not con-
tinue his membership, though always a liberal con-
tributor to all worthy religious causes. His death
occurred June 2, 1870. Mrs. GriflBth's childhood
was passed near the home of Sir Walter Scott, whom
she distinctly remembered, and of whom she related
many interesting reminiscences. She was a lady of
retiring manners and disposition, quiet in her habits,
but firm in her views of truth and duty. An active
member of the Presbyterian Church, she was warmly
attached to its doctrines and ordinances. Her death
occurred July 23, 1879, in her eighty-fourth year.
Rev. M. S. Whitehead, son-in-law of Mr. GrifiBth,
was born in 1831, and died in 1877. He was in
1868 licensed to preach by the Congregational Asso-
ciation of Indiana, and was one of the founders of the
Mayflower Church of Indianapolis, which pulpit he
filled at times acceptably. His work was not con-
fined to one locality, and several churches of dififerent
denominations were established out of Sunday-schools
organized and fostered by him. Mr. Whitehead's
influence was wide-spread, and the desire to make
the ministry the work of his life was completely
realized.
Washington Houston Talbott. — The earliest
members of the Talbott family came from England
and settled in Talbot County, Md. The parents of
Washington Houston were William and Mary (Hous-
ton) Talbott. Their son was born in the State of
Kentucky on the 29th of March, 1817, and at an
early age removed with his parents to Charlestown,
Ind., where his father owned an extensive milling
property. After enjoying ordinary advantages of
education, he in 1835 became a resident of Indian-
apolis, and established a jewelry and book business.
In 1848 he married Miss Elizabeth Coram Tinker,
daughter of Capt. William and Elizabeth Tinker, of
Cincinnati, though formerly residents of Maysville,
Ky. Their surviving children are William II. and
Mary Cleves. Mr. Talbott continued the bu.siness of
a jeweler for many years, meanwhile embarking in
other commercial ventures. During the year 1863 he
was elected president of the State Smking Fund, and
subsequently filled the same oflBce in connection with
the Indiana and Illinois Central Railroad. He was
also president of board of trustees of the State benevo-
lent institutions. Mr. Talbott was closely identified
with the Democratic politics of Indiana, having for
several years filled the ofifice of chairman of the State
Democratic Committee. He was on successive occa-
sions delegate at large to National Conventions. He
was president of the Gatling Gun Company, and
while directing the intere.sts of that company in
Europe contracted a severe cold, which occasioned
his death at his home in Indianapolis.
The first extensive drug house in the town, and
the first to put up a soda fountain, was that of Mc-
Dougal & Dunlap, to whom succeeded the late
William Hannaman and his partner, Caleb Scudder,
the pioneer cabinet-maker, in whose shop the first
Sunday-school was held. Both were largely con-
cerned in the establishment of some of our early
manufactures, as tobacco, wool, and oil. and Mr.
Hannaman survived to an advanced age, dying within
a few years past.
William Hannaman.— The Hannaman family
are of German nationality, Christopher, the grand-
father of William, having been a native of Piu.-sia.
He married Mary O'Neal, whose birthplace was Dub-
^'/^^a^fi^^
fp-^.
/f^^^i^Z'P'T-Z,
^^f-^^>^v«'7-i^ —
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
163
lin, Ireland. This union traDsmitted to their descend-
ants the sturdy qualities of both the German and
tlie Irish races. William Hannaman, the father of
the subject of this biographical sketch, was a resi-
dent of Cherry Valley, N. Y., and married Mary
Fletcher, of Harrison County, Va. Their son William
was boru Aug. 10, 1806, at Adelphia, Ross Co., Ohio,
and at the age of twenty-two removed to Indian-
apolis, where, having previously acquired the trade
of a printer, he was for several years employed in the
oflBce of the Indiana Journal. In 1833 he em-
barked with Caleb Scudder in the drug business,
which was continued uninterruptedly until 1863. He
also, with his partner, erected a cardingmachine and
oil-mill on the arm of the canal at its junction with
the White River, and manufactured the first flaxseed
oil in the locality. Mr. Hannaman was for many years
school commissioner, a director of the State Bank of
Indiana, located at Indianapolis, trustee of the State
University, and identified with many benevolent and
charitable enterprises. He was made president of
the Indiana Branch of the Sanitary Commission dur-
ing the late war, and disposed of his interest in the
drug business that he might devote his time and
energies exclusively to this humane work. The ad-
mirable management of his department and the good
it accomplished is in a large degree due to the gra-
tuitous and eSicient service of Mr. Hannaman, who
on retiring from his labors in behalf of the soldiers
was appointed by Governor Morton State military
agent for the purpose of collecting soldiers' claims.
In 1871 he became a member of the firm of Smith
& Hannaman, brokers, and continued this business
connection until his death, which occurred of pneu-
monia, at the Hot Springs of Arkansas, on the 6th
of December, 1880. Mr. Hannaman was married on
the 28th of August, 1833, to Rhoda A. Luse, whose
birth occurred Feb. 25, 1812, and her death Sep-
tember, 1876. In the summer of 1879 he was again
married to Mrs. A. P. Berry, who is still living. Of
seven children but two survive their father, Henry
G., of Indianapolis, and Mary E., of Dakota.
Among the earlier merchants of the city were the
late John F. Ramsay, in furniture, and Jacob S.
Walker.
John F. Ram.sat, retired merchant, was born in
Lebanon, Ohio, Dec. 2, 1805. His parents, Wil-
liam and Martha (Dinwiddle) Ramsay, were of
Scotch descent, and born in Kentucky, their parents
being among the earliest settlers of that State. Wil-
liam with his family came to Indiana Territory in
1810, landing at the site of the city of Madison,
there being but one house erected at this early
period, which was occupied by the ferryman. They
settled near the site of the village of Hanover, about
two miles from the block-house, to which they
were compelled to resort every night for protection
from the Indians. In 1812, the latter becoming
very troublesome, John was sent to his grandparents,
near Georgetown, Ky., where he remained a year.
His boyhood was spent in helping to clear the forests
and in farm labors, the lad being subjected to all the
hardships and privations of pioneer life. Educational
advantages in the new country were very limited.
He attended school six months when in Kentucky
and a few terms in Indiana, walking a distance of
three miles to the school-house. At the age of sev-
enteen he removed to Cincinnati, and was appren-
ticed to Charles Lehman, at that time the leading
furniture manufacturer in the West. Serving out
his apprenticeship, he worked a year in the shop,
after which he repaired to Louisville, and from
thence to New Orleans and St. Louis, pursuing his
vocation for a time in each place. Returning to
Indiana, he carried on his trade near Madison and
at Paris, Ind., and removed to Indianapolis May 15,
1833. Purchasing the property adjoining the
ground now occupied by the Occidental Hotel
(which at that time was inclosed with a rail fence
and was planted with corn), he erected a building,
opened a cabinet-shop, and by close attention to
business became the leading furniture dealer in the
place. W^ilh the advent of railroad communication
with Cincinnati, he abandoned manufacturing and
dealt exclusively in furniture made at the latter
place. After a successful career, having obtained a
handsome competency, he retired from business in
1870. He has been twice married, his first wife,
Elvira (Ward) Ramsay, having died in 1846. Five
children were born to this union, all of whom are
164
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
now deceased. He married his second wife, Leah
P. Malott, widow of W. H. Malott, of Salem, Ind.,
in 1848. Five children have been born to them,
four of whom are now living.
Mr. Ramsay was an ardent Whig during the ex-
istence of that party. Upon its dissolution and
the organization of the Republican party, his strong
anti-slavery seniiments led him to become identified
with it. He has never held any political office
other than as a member of the Common Council,
elected by the Whigs. He has always taken a deep
interest in matters affi^cting the welfare and growth
of the city, and in building and otherwise he
has done much toward advancing its material in-
terests. He has been a faithful and leading mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church during his
entire fifty years' residence in the city, and, with
others of the early settlers, has aided in giving an
impulse to its moral and religious sentiment, that has
caused it to be noted as " the City of Churches."
Jacob S. Walker. — The grandfather of Jacob
S. Walker was a soldier of the war of the Revolu-
tion. He married Miss Mary Hazelet, and had
among his children a son Thomas, who married Mrs.
Mary Rutherford, of Dauphin County, Pa., and
had two sons, Jacob S. and James, and two daugh-
ters. Susan and Eliza. Jacob S. Walker was born
in January, 1814, at Harrisburg, Pa., where the
early years of his life were spent. At the age of
sixteen, after enjoying such advantages of education
as the common schools offered, he determined to
render himself independent by acquiring a trade,
and became master of the carpenter's craft. In 1835
he removed to Indianapolis as a builder and contractor,
and during a period of ten years erected many impor-
tant edifices and built dwellings, which were, afterward
sold by him. He then embarked in the lumber
business, and continued thus engaged for twenty
years, after which he retired from active employ-
ments. Mr. Walker was a man of modest demeanor
and of humane instincts, who cared little for mere
display and esteemed highly the more substantial
pleasures to be derived from books. He was a ju-
dicious reader of the best literature, and possessed a
mind well informed on all subjects. He conferred
upon his children opportunities for education, and
implanted in them by precept and example the
principles which guided him through life. In
polities he was a Whig and later became an ardent
^^^a^e^crf^^ ^^/A&Z-A^:
Republican, but never sought or accepted ofiice at the
hands of his party. In religion he was a stanch Pres-
byterian and an officer of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher's
church when a pastor in Indianapolis. He received
the contract for the erection of this edifice, as also
for the First Protestant Episcopal Church in the city.
He was at an early period a deacon of the Second
Presbyterian Church. He was also a member of
the Independent Order of Odd- Fellows. Mr. Walker
was married in 1837 to Mrs. Sarah A. Landis, of
Harrisburg, Pa., to whom were born children,
Thomas R. and Mary F., wife of George Knodle, a
son of Adam Knodle, an early shoe merchant in the
city. He married again Mary A., only child of
Thomas Lupton, who is of English descent and
came from Chester County, Pa., to Indianapolis in
1835. The children of this marriage are Jacob L.,
married to Miss Keziah Rutherford, who is of
.„^*ie^^*^
Eri^ 'iyA.KFIJJ:<i"^
/^h-T^?^
^^ ^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
165
Scotch-Irish extraction ; Edwin J. ; Louis A., who
married Miss Eugenia, daughter of Dr. D'Acuel, of
St. Louis; Robert P., and Harry L. The death
of Mr. Walker occurred May 16, 1870, in his fifty-
seventh year.
Dealing in real estate may be fairly enough classed
among the subjects covered by the title of commerce,
and in real estate the dealings have been very large.
In 1873, during the period of speculative excitement,
the sales amounted to $32,579,256. Since that time
no record has been kept of them that will enable a
comparison to be made. In a year or two later, in fact,
the reaction came, and real estate was hard to sell and
not always easy to give away if it had no special ad-
vantages. Of the amount of sales in the past year
or the year before no official statement is made, but
the reports in the daily papers show that they ranged
from five thousand dollars to thirty thousand dollars
a day, or an annual total of probably five million dol-
lars. Among the first of our real estate dealers was
the late James H. McKernan.
James H. McKernan was born at Wilmington,
Del., in December, 1815. In his seventh year he
removed with his family to Muskingum County, Ohio,
where his father settled on a small farm of fifty
acres, subsequently increased to seventy-five. He
was able only to enjoy the merest rudiments of edu-
cation. At the age of seventeen he was left by the
death of his father the sole support of the family,
with no means other than the farm. But he was a
brave-hearted boy in the battle of life. He worked
hard, and rented land to eke out the inadequate yield
of his own land. Among his neighbors his reputa-
tion for business capacity, promptness, integrity, and
prudence was most enviable. On attaining his ma-
jority he had paid all his father's debts, erected a
valuable dwelling, and accumulated money in addi-
tion with which to start in business. Heroism and
self-dependence, combined with grasp of mind and
energy, were inborn elements of his character. In
1836 he began trading iu produce, and in 1837 em-
barked with a partner in mercantile pursuits at La-
fayette, Ohio. In 1842 he established himself in the
foundry business in the same town, and in 1845
removed to Indianapolis, where he began his active
career with Jesse Jones as a dealer in dry-goods.
But his tastes and talents inclined strongly to inven-
tions and the mechanic arts. Whatever his imme-
diate occupation mechanical constructions, improve-
ments, and suggestions were always floating in his
mind, several valuable inventions having been pat-
ented. A man of his energy quickly sought and
created the widest field of action. He speculated in
real estate, bought whole forests, built saw-mills to
cut them, and erected streets of cheap but serviceable
houses, extending Indianapolis on the southwest far
beyond the dreams of its inhabitants. In the prose-
cution of his real estate and other enterprises, how-
ever, Mr. McKernan did not lose sight of a subject
which had led him into many expensive experiments,
— the reduction of iron ore by means of ordinary
Western coal. He had satisfied himself of its prac-
ticability, and detected the defects in the operation
of those who had attempted it and failed. So certain
was the result in his mind that he determined to
settle the question finally and fully. In the spring of
1867 he obtained the abandoned furnace of the Pilot
Knob Company, at St. Louis, and after changing its
construction made experiments which were completely
successful, first-class iron having been produced. This
was a great success for Mr. McKernan. He had
fully realized his hopes, though every one before him,
with vastly more capital and better opportunities, but
lacking his original theories and combinations, had
failed. He had shown St. Louis a new source of
business and prosperity of immense value. He found
it necessary, however, to obtain additional means or
abandon his enterprise. The St. Louis Board of
Trade and several large capitalists urged him to
remain and prosecute his work. Additional means
were promised him, and under the promise of the
Board of Trade and prominent citizens the work of the
furnace was in 1867 resumed, and the results, after
inconveniences resulting from his business associa-
tions, were such as amazed everybody, and made iron-
smelting with cheap Western coal a fixed fact. This
success, however, did not in a pecuniary sense profit
Mr. McKernan. He sacrificed all his prospective
gains, and returned home no richer than he departed.
St. Louis has reaped the benefit of his investigations,
166
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and the iron industry has risen to be one of tlie prime
elements of her prosperity. A leading journal stated
that, " in view of all the facts, it becomes St. Louis
to decide fairly what acknowledgment she owes to
him who has achieved the great result in making
iron, and whom she by failing in her promise forced
to sacrifice all his interests and prospects in his own
discovery." Mr. McKernan returned to Indianapolis,
and at once embarked extensively in real estate oper-
ations. While liberal and indulgent with those in-
debted to him, he was particularly prompt in the
payment of all demands against himself His daily
life was marked by a ceaseless activity. Bold and
confident in his temperament, he inspired others with
like feelings. The praise of far-.seeing men of sound
judgment was ever awarded to him, and the success
that crowned his efforts was of a character to consti-
tute a public as well as a personal benefit. In all
personal relations he was social, frank, and courteous,
and at his home hospitable and cheerful. In his
religious views he was a member of the Roman
Catholic Church. Mr. McKernan was married to
Miss Susan Hewitt, whose children were David S.,
Lewis, Joseph V., William E., and Leo A. The
death of James H. McKernan occurred in January,
1877, at his home in Indianapolis.
The lumber trade of Indianapolis is a very im-
portant part of the total, the retail trade of 1882
amounting to 81,500,000. From the general state-
ment of business it would appear that the total
receipts of lumber for the year 1882 were 124,000,-
000 feet, and the shipments 66,000,000. Saw-mills
cut 22,000,000 feet of veneer that year.
A specialty of the lumber trade is the trade in
" hard wood" lumber, especially black walnut. Until
the close of the war not much was done in this direc-
tion, or in any general lumber business. For the
first thirty-five years of the city's history pine lum-
ber was little used. Oak made the frame-work of
houses, and poplar the weather-boarding, shingles,
and finishing. But slowly, after the development of
the railroad system, pine began to be used in the
place of poplar, and later in the place of oak. Lum-
ber-yards began to figure among the forms of trade
that required capital and made money for the city.
By the close of the war the lumber business had
grown into first-class importance. There were a
dozen or more large yards in difl'erent parts of the
city, some of them with mills to cut logs, some to
cut veneers, and some with planing-mills, and sash-
and door-factories connected with them. The walnut
lumber trade came later. In early times the black
walnut was about the worst tree the farmer had to
deal with. It was too brittle for good lumber, and
too hard to be cheaply sawed. It was not good fuel,
and did not make durable rails. In fact it was a
nuisance. Now it is no uncommon thing to find a
single walnut-tree that is worth more money than the
whole farm it stands on. More than a thousand dol-
lars worth of veneers have been cut from a single
tree and left a considerable part of it. Jjven as late
as 1868 there were hundreds of farmers and business
men in Indiana and Indianapolis who were unin-
formed of the value of walnut wood and threw it
away as refuse or burned it as rubbish.
A saw-miller in Indianapolis about that time had
collected quite a heap of walnut knots from the logs
he had sawed, and had thrown them aside to burn in
his boiler furnace when he could get time to split
them. An agent of an Eastern lumber dealer saw
them and the ill-posted sawyer sold them for fifty
cents apiece. He was a little worried a day or two
afterwards when he learned that they would have
been cheap at ten dollars apiece if they were sound
and well twisted in grain. The great demand for
this kind of lumber for furniture, both in this coun-
try and Europe, has thinned it out very greatly, and
the trade in it is declining. It is impossible to give
any idea of the development or decline of the walnut
lumber trade, because no separate account or report
has been made of it. In 1874 the Board of Trade
report says the total receipts of lumber were 119,-
800,000 feet, of which about 60,000,000 was walnut
lumber. The indications are that the total has never
been so large since. The trade is still large, how-
ever, and a large part of it is in logs brought here to
be sawed up. There are ten mills here sawing
walnut and hard woods, and eighteen dealers who
handled in the year last reported in full, 1882, to
December 31st, 38,000,000 feet. This shows a de-
En4alyB.B.Han 8. S<ms. 62 Khan S'KXfiOTi iHirto ly Biafy.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
167
cline from 1873 of more than one-third. The pine
lumber business, however, has kept on a steady ad-
vance with other commercial interests, and occupies a
score or more yards large and small, besides those
attached to factories as stores of material. Oak ap-
pears to hold its own as firmly as it did in the last
generation. The demand for it as building timber
has declined greatly, but it has been made up fully
by the demand for it to make cross-ties for railway
tracks. Hickory, birch, and sugar have never been
accounted or used as timber, and elm but little more.
They went for fuel when it was deemed worth while,
and now good, well-seasoned wood of these varieties
is a valuable product. Coal is slowly displacing
wood, but has not done it yet. The amount of coal
brought to the city appears from the partial report of
the secretary of the Board of Trade to have been
about 400, OUO tons for the year ending Deo. 31,
1882, the last of which any report has been made.
Among the articles reported for the last six months
of 1882 — the last oflBcial statement published — are
20,000 bales of cotton, or 40,000 for the year ; 40
car-loads of eggs, estimating in the same way ; 800,-
000 barrels of flour ; 801 tons of hides — the total
value of all hides and pelts for the year is put at
$1,500,000; 64,000 cars of general merchandise;
46 cars of poultry — annual value of poultry, 81,000,-
000 ; 40,000 tons of ice ; 40,000 tons of provisions ;
36,000 barrels of salt ; 640 cars of shingles ; 50,000
barrels of starch ; 2600 cars of stone ; 26,000 bar-
rels of tallow ; 43,000 hogsheads of tobacco ; 300,-
000 rabbits shipped East and sold here in 1883 and
winter of 1884.
In grain the trade has been steadily growing for a
number of years. The receipts of wheat for the year
ending April, 1883, were about 8,000,000 bushels ; of
corn, 17,000,000, as appears from the report of Secre-
tary Blake. In 1872 a company was formed to build
and conduct an elevator, and that year erected the
first one west of the river on the St. Louis Railroad.
It has a capacity of about 350,000 bushels. In 1874,
Mr. F. Rusch, in association with two or three others,
built Elevator B, the second one, with a capacity of
300,000 bushels. It was entirely destroyed by fire
in June, 1875, but rebuilt at once in better shape.
and has been constantly busy since. Some three
years ago, about the time of the completion of the
Indianapolis, Decatur and Springfield Railroad, a
third elevator was built by the company close to the
Corner of Marylaud and Tennessee Streets
track, in the manufacturing suburb of Hanghsville,
with a capacity fully equal to either of the older
ones. Besides these there are several smaller in the
city.
Since 1877 the stock-yards have formed a con-
spicuous element of the city's commerce. They
were built by the Belt Road Company on one hun-
dred and ten acres of the old " Bayou," or " McCarty
farm," on the Vincennes Railroad, at the southern
border of West Indianapolis, about two miles from
the Union Depot. In convenience of arrangement,
amplitude of supply, and completeness of shelter and
means of shipment, they are pronounced by those
familiar with all the stock-yards of the country un-
surpassed by any, and unequaled by any but one or
two. On the northeast corner of the grounds are the
engine-house and machine-shop, the blacksmith-shop,
the coal platform, and the pumping engine which
forces water from a well about ninety feet deep into
168
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
two large elevated tanks or reservoirs, whence it is
distributed all over the premises. At the north end,
to the west of these buildings, is the residence of the
superintendent ; south of this, about four hundred
feet, is the " Stock-Yard Exchange," a large, hand-
some, three-story brick building, with a front of about
one hundred and twenty feet, and a roar building,
making a total depth of over one hundred and fifty
feet. It is occupied as a hotel in the icur building
and the upper stories of the front, and as oflSce^of
stock-dealers on the ground-floor. On the east of this
is a large storage-house for hay and corn and stock-
feed generally. On the west is a large stable for the
finer grades of horses. Directly south of the Ex-
change, and separated mostly by a broad passage-way
of forty feet or so, are the stock stables, built of red
cedar posts set deep in the ground, and planked up the
sides and ends high enough to make a perfect shelter
for the stock. On the roof of each is an attic, with
lattice sides, the full length of the stable. There are
five of these, separated from each other by a narrow
passage for stock, fifteen feet or so in width. They are
about a thousand feet long by one hundred and seventy-
five wide, with broad passage-ways down the middle
and smaller lateral ones between the divisions. Stock
is received on the west side, where there are railway
tracks coDnecting with the Belt extending along the-
entire length of the stables. From the receiving
platform, which is covered with pens, a passage leads
to the scale-room, where the animals are weighed
and driven off to their quarters. The western stables
are chiefly appropriated to hogs. When shipped
away the stock is driven to the east side, where a
platform the length of the stables, amply provided
with shipping-pens, enables a train to bo loaded in a
ver}' few minutes.
LARGEST RECEIPTS IN ONE DAT, 1882.
December 9 8809 (Hogs, SS09).
October 28 2026 ^Cattle, 238).
October 28 4184 (Sbeep, 1534).
May 10 316 (Horses, 26).
LARGEST SHIPMENTS IN ONE DAT, 18S2.
January 4 4125 (Hogs, 4115).
October 28 1325 (Cattle, 794).
M:iy20 4194 (Sheep, 1856).
■I'll.v 4 281 (Horses, 149).
Their business in 1882, the last year of which
any statement has been made, is summed up as fol-
lows : Hogs, 5,319,611 ; cattle, 6-40,363 ; sheep, 849,-
936 ; horses, 50,795 ; shipments, hogs, 2,298,895 ;
cattle, 535,195 ; sheep, 780,395 ; horses, 48,361 ;
Indianapolis delivery, hogs, 3,020,913 ; cattle, 106,-
178 ; sheep, 70,543 ; horses, 2533.
Until the completion of the Madison Railroad no
business was done oflF Washington Street, except that
a year or two a little family grocery was kept in a
one-story brick on Indiana Avenue, at the corner of
Tennessee Street. In 1847, however, commission-
houses and pork-packing houses began to be estab-
lished about the Madison Depot. Foundries and
shops started up in convenient openings, and during
the war groceries, drug-stores, hotels, saloons, and
eating-houses were put wherever they could go.
Thus came business diverted from Washington
Street. With this change, or a little preceding it,
came the separation of different classes of merchan-
dise into diflferent establishments.
Below is given the annual live-stock report of the
Indianapolis Stock-yards, prepared by W. P. Ijams,
general .superintendent. It will be noticed that as
compared with the year 1882 there was a handsome
increase in business, while it fell short of the business
done in the years 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881. The
table given below is self-explanatory :
RECEIPTS.
Hogs. Cattle. Sheep. Horses.
Total for the year 1883 931,121 121.448
Total for the year 1SK2 65.1,597 114,746
Totiil for the year 1881 |l.l-,i9,8H4 144,144
Total for thi- year 1880 'I,:i21,;i76 13:i,655
Tolal for the year 1879 1.12:i,4()9 125,723
Total for the year 1878 | 98(i,639 118,945
One month and 20 days, 1877 104,696 4,150
Total Not. 12, 1877, to Dec. 31, 1883. 6,260,732 761,811 l,r07,696 67,545
254,653
288.698
225,622
142.7J5
111,927
76.107
4,857
18,800
15.987
9,288
9,358
6,912
685
SHIPMENTS.
Hogs. I Cattle. I Sheep. iHoises.
Total for the year 1883
Total for the year 1882
Total for the year 1881
Total lor the year 1880
Total for the year 1879
Total for the year 1878
One month and 20 days, 1877..
699,514
464.953
2M,095
8,027
102.342
9 1. 142
120,611
11CI,.559
104,»45
105,117
3,021
Total Nov. 12, 1877, to Dec. 31, 1883. 2,742,7951 637,637
237,612 17,725
2G.S.K95 15.097
2113,246 8.9110
132,904 8.901
100,879 9,031
69,8971 6,770
4,772 662
1,018,005 66,086
a..-'^0'^'>^--z^zy i
J^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
169
INDIANAPOLIS DELIVERY.
Total for the year 1883 487,221 19.106
Total for the v™r 1882 ■ 329,008 24,714
Tot.il for the yeiir 1881 492,:i74 2:t,53H
Total for the year 1880 I 721,862, 22,096
Total for the year 1879 658,456 20,S78|
Tolal for the year 1878 i 722,423 14,328|
One month and 20 days, 1877 96,790 629
14,041 1,075
21.003 966
22,376 665
9,821 387
11,048 327
6,210 165
85
23
Total Nov. 12, 1S77, to Dec. 31, 1S83. 3,508,134, 125,284 84,584 3,608
LARGEST RECEIPTS IN ONE DAY, 1883.
December 4 12,775 (Hogs, 12,775).
February 17 1,705 (Cattle, 567).
September S 3,065 (Sheep, 814).
April 29 238 (Horses, 66).
LAHGEST SHIPMENTS IN ONE DAY, 1883.
December 19 4,655 (Hogs, 3,352).
August 4 1.902 (Cattle, 1,902).
September S 3,460 (Sheep, 2,446).
July 1 221 (Horses, 87).
CHAPTER VIII.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.— (Coii(///Hei?.)
THE BENCH AND BAR.
In the general history is related the organization
of the county and the early sessions of the first court.
No more need be said here than that Judge William
W. Wick was elected the first judge by the Legisla-
ture at Corydon in the winter of 1821-22, and
Hervey Bates appointed sheriff by Governor Jen-
nings early in 1822. Both were residents of Con-
nersville, and came here together in the early spring
of 1822. The circuit consisted of Marion County,
enlarged for judicial purposes by a considerable por-
tion of the territory now composing Johnson, Hamil-
ton, Boone, Madison, and Hancock Counties, with
the following earlier-organized counties : Monroe,
Morgan, Lawrence, Hendricks, Green, Owen, Rush,
Decatur, Bartholomew, Jennings, and Shelby. The
first session of the court was held at the house of
Gen. Carr, the State agent, on Delaware Street
opposite the court-house, Sept. 26, 1822. Judge
Wick presided, with Eliakim Harding and James
Mcllvain as associates. James M. Ray was clerk
by election the previous April, and Hervey Bates
sheriff by regular election in August succeeding his
appointment. Calvin Fletcher was the first prose-
cutor by appointment. Up to 1824, when the
court-house was so far completed as to be available
for the sessions, the first meeting was held at Carr's
house, as the law bad designated that place, and
then an adjournment was made to Crumbaugh's on
Washington Street, — or the place in the woods where
the street was to run, — just west of the future line
of the canal. We have no record of the lawyers in
attendance at that first session of the first court of
the county, and there is no certainty that there were
any belonging to the town except Mr. Fletcher, the
pro.secutor, and Harvey Gregg, one of the founders
of the Western Censor, the predecessor of the
Journal. Mr. Fletcher long held a prominent place
at the bar, and only left it to take the presidency of
the Indianapolis branch of the State Bank.
Hon. Calvin Fletcher. — Robert Fletcher, the
progenitor in America of the Fletcher family, was
probably born in Yorkshire, in 1592. He settled at
Concord, Mass., in 1630, with a family consisting of
a wife, two sons, — Luke and William, — and one
daughter. In the direct line of descent from this
pioneer was born, on the 4th of February, 1798,
Calvin, the subject of this sketch, the eleventh in a
family of fifteen children. Under the teachings of
all excellent father and a mother of more than ordi-
nary ability he learned those habits of industry and
self-reliance which, coupled with upright principles,
uniformly characterized his later life. While per-
forming all the duties exacted from a boy upon a
New England farm, he very soon manifested a great
desire for a classical education. Depending upon his
own earnings for the means by which to achieve his
desire, he set about the preparation for college by
pursuing his studies at Randolph and Royalton
Academies, Vermont. After some vicissitudes he
for a time abandoned study and began labor in a
brick -yard in Pennsylvania. Circumstances soon after
influenced his removal to Ohio, where he first taught
school at Urbana, Champaign Co., and was sub-
sequently private tutor in the family of a Mr. Gwin,
whose fine library afforded him abundant opportunity
for reading. He finally .studied law with Hon. James
170
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Cooley, afterwards United States Chargi d Affaires
to Peru. In 1819 be removed to Virginia, and was
licensed to practice by tbe Supreme Court of tbat
State, but bis strong love of freedom and tbe rigbts
of man caused bim to renounce bis intention, and
returning to Urbana, Ohio, be became the law-part-
ner of Mr. Cooley. In 1821, Mr. Fletcher settled
in Indianapolis, the capital of tbe State, with bis
family, and was tbe first lawyer in that city. His
business soon became lucrative. He later became
prosecuting attorney, and associated with bim as
partners Ovid Butler, Esq., and Simon Yandes, Esq.
On making tbe capital bis home Mr. Fletcher actively
interested himself in its prosperity, and readily won
tbe confidence and esteem of its citizens. In 1827
he was elected State senator, in whieli office he was
continued until 1832, when be abandoned politics,
though a successful career was open to bim had be
chosen to follow it. He was in 1825 appointed
State's attorney for tbe Fifth Judicial Circuit, em-
bracing from twelve to fifteen counties. In 1834 be
was appointed one of four to organize a State bank,
and to act as sinking fund commissioner, which office
was held for seven years. From 1843 until 1859,
when the charter expired, be acted as president of
tbe Indianapolis branch of the State Bank. Mr.
Fletcher was a strong man physically, morally, and
intellectually. He was equal to the emergency when
justice to himself required an exhibition of strength,
and in the same spirit be stood ready to befriend
those who might have been otherwise injured. He
was a lover of nature. He took mnch interest in
the study of ornithology, and made himself familiar
with the habits of birds, their instincts and charac-
teristics. The domestic animals found in bim a sym-
pathizing fiiend. He was kind to them, and ever
ready to acquire a knowledge of their dispositions
and qualities, that be might turn it to their advan-
tage. He was fond of the science of astronomy,
and, in fact, of all studies tbat were elevating and
ennobling. In bis well-selected library of general
literature, in addition to law-books, might be seen
local histories, periodicals, the works of Audubon,
school journals, and miscellaneous works. In one
leading trait his course was marked and earnest, — no
poor man ever applied to Calvin Fletcher in bis need,
either for counsel or assistance, and was sent empty
away. When tbe friends of the colored man, fleeing
from bondage, were few and unpopular, his sympathy
and helping band were never withheld. He was like
all men of power in his age, exceedingly rapid in
thought and action. Before others bad begun the
argument be bad concluded it. Repose was not bis
dominant characteristic. But more to be admired
than all these traits was his earnest, consistent Chris-
tian character. No man could love and respect the
Bible and tbe minister more than he. He was a
constant student of the one and bearer of the other.
Calvin Fletcher was married, on the 1st of May,
1821, to Miss Sarah Hill, of Champaign County,
Ohio, a lady of remarkable energy of character,
combined with gentleness of disposition and refined
tastes. Her death occurred in September, 1854, and
he was again married, to Mrs. Keziah Price Lister.
The cliildreu of Calvin Fletcher are James Cooley,
Elijah Timothy, Calvin, Miles Johnson, Stougliton
Alfonzo, Maria Antoinette, Crawford, Ingram, Wil-
liam Baldwin, Stephen Keyes, Lucy Keyes, and
Albert Elliott. The death of Calvin Fletcher oc-
curred May 26, 1866. At a meeting of the bankers,
held at Indianapolis, resolutions respecting his death
were adopted, of which the following extract is
appended :
'■That in the career of Mr. Fletcher are presented very
striking evidences of what great and good things may be ac-
complished under our free institutions by sound sense and
unfailing energy, no matter how unpromising the circum-
stances of the possessor may be at hi? outset in life.
"That bis success in business is the history of a life of
hopeful labor, pure integrity, genial benevolence, steady ciiu-
tion, and active usefulness, in which great results have been
attained, not by brilliant strokes of adventure or any depend-
ence upon fortune, but by those plainer and less obtrusive
methods which are within the reach of the great majority of
men, and affords a lesson of hope and warning, — hope to tbe
upright, diligent, and frugal, warning to the reckless and idle
who wait upon fortune."
In the fall of 1823, a little over a year after the
first session of court, a lawyer of marked ability came
from Pennsylvania primarily, but later from Lebanon,
Ohio, where be had studied law with the celebrated
CITV OF INDIANAPOLIS.
171
orator and lawyer, Thomas Corwin, and made his
home here permanently. He was as prominent in j
the profession as Mr. Fletcher, and much longer in |
it. That was Hiram Brown.
HiR.iM Brown, an eminent advocate in Indiana,
traced his descent from a famil}' of Welsh origin,
living in Southern England, that accompanied ur
soon followed Lord Baltimore's colony to Marvland,
settling at Welsh Flats, in Pennsylvania. The de-
scendants of this emigrant remained in that region
and in Maryland for years, and one of them, Wendel
Brown, with his two sons, prior to 1754, crossed the
mountains and visited the Monongahela Valley,
making no settlement because of the savages ; and
it was not till 1765 that his son, or grandson, Thomas
Brown, located at Redstone Old Fort, — so called be-
cause the mound-builders in former ages had erected
a large stone intrenchment on the top of a detached
hill at the mouth of Nemocolius Creek, a locality
widely known in the early settlement of the West.
Col. Michael Cresap (unjustly charged with mur-
der in Logan's celebrated speech! had prior to 1765
located a " tomahawk right" to several hundred acres,
including the Old Fort, and in 1770 built a hewed
log house on it, with a nailed shingle roof, the first
west of the mountains. Thomas Brown bought
Cresap's house and claim, and in 1785 perfected his
title by purchase from the commonwealth, and laid
out the town of Brownsville. He died in 1797,
aged fifty-nine years, and was buried in the Old
Fort, his tombstone stating that " he was the owner
of this town." He left a large estate and family,
but their hospitality and extravagance dissipated
their patrimony, and the members scattered throughout
the West, leaving few representatives of the name or
blood in their old home.
One of the sons, Ignatius Brown, born Dec. 1,
1769, at Brownsville, died at Lebanon, Ohio, June
:!, 183-1:. Early in 1791 he married Elizabeth
Gregg, a woman of good mind and great force of
character, and to them, on the 18th of July, 1792,
was born their first child, Hiram Brown, the subject
of the present sketch. They afterwards had six other
children, — Milton, a distinguished lawyer and con-
gressman from Tennessee ; Ashel, a leading lawyer at
Lebanon, Ohio ; Hervey, a lawyer and member of the
Legislature, both in Indiana and Tennessee ; and
three daughters, — Minerva, Matilda, and Orpha, — •
all of whom married. In 1798, Ignatius Brown
removed his family and remnant of his property to
Kentucky, where he bought several thousand acres
of land and resided several years; but his title proving
defective he was impoverished, and compelled again
to emigrate. He located a claim in the Symmes'
Purchase, near Denfield, in Warren Co., Ohio, but
when returning caught cold, which produced paraly-
sis of the optic nerves, resulting in instant and total
blindness ; in this helpless state he was led by
his comrades through the wilderness to his family.
Vision afterward slowly returned, and in old age he
could read without glasses. While blind he was
made justice of the peace, and subsequently associate
judge of the County Court, a position he held at the
time of his death.
The young wife, brave under this disaster, moved
her helpless husband and family to the new location,
and began making a home in the woods. The
burthen, of course, fell on Hiram, then a mere boy,
172
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and for years his life was devoted to this work, fore-
going an education that the rest should get it, and
have shelter and food. • By studying at night
he learned to read well and write, acquired some
knowledge of grammar, and " cyphered as far as the
rule of three." Subsequently, by reading the best
authors, he gained so great a command of pure Eng-
lish that his forensic efforts, though never specially
prepared, were admired for their fluency, finish, and
perfection of style. After several years' work on the
farm he determined to become a merchant, and
entered a store in Lebanon, but the change so in-
jured his health that he was thought to be consump-
tive. Returning at once to farm work, to chopping
and milling, he soon recuperated and became noted
for activity and strength, being champion in all
athletic exercises. It is said that, with a few yards'
run, he could jump over the head of a man his equal
in height. At twenty to twenty-five years old he
was in the prime of physical strength. He was five
feet eight inches high, weighed one hundred and
sixty-five pounds; erect, symmetrically formed, with
small hands and feet. His head was large, fea-
tures clearly cut, brows arched, shading large light-
blue eyes ; mouth firm, and lips thin. His voice
was musical, high-pitched, and under perfect con-
trol.
His business being prosperous, he was married,
May 29, 1817, to Miss Judith Smith, a very beauti-
ful and amiable woman, who survived him nearly
six years. She was born July 12, 1794, in Pow-
hatan County, Va., the daughter of Rev. James Smith,
one of the earliest Methodist preachers. This union
was a happy one, lasting over thirty years. They
had nine children, one dying in infancy ; the rest
survived them.
After marriage he traveled on horseback to Wash-
ington City to patent a boat-wheel he had invented,
but before doing anything with it the panic of 1820
overwhelmed him, with many others, and he lost all
his property. After settling his affairs he studied
law with Thomas Corwin for six months and was
admitted to the bar. Mr. Corwin wished him to
remain at Lebanon, but deeming Indianapolis a better
point, he removed here with his familv early in No-
vember, 1823, and was admitted by the Supreme
Court in 1824.
He soon acquired a good practice, ranking highest
as an advocate in criminal cases. Before a jury his
bearing was easy, gestures apt, voice clear and pene-
trating, his statement of the evidence fair and forci-
ble. He instantly grasped the strong points in his
cases, and illustrated them in .so many different ways
that he fixed them in the jurors' minds without
wearying them by the repetition. He identified
himself with the feelings and interests of his clients,
and made their cause his own. His native wit and
keen sense of humor often enabled him to so ridicule
an opponent's case that it was laughed out of court.
He was sometimes, though not often, sarcastic and bit-
ter in denunciation, but his nature was kindly and for-
beai'ing. He was most formidable in desperate cases,
when the odds were heaviest against him. " Court
week" then brought the whole country into town,
and when he spoke the house was always crowded.
A volume would be needed to detail the incidents in
his professional career and give the anecdotes told of
his wit, humor, and stinging repartee. Some have
been published, but most have perished with those
who heard them. For years he was in every impor-
tant case, and was generally successful. With the
exception, perhaps, of a short service as prosecutor, at
an early day, he declined executive or judicial posi-
tion, practicing bis profession from November, 1823,
till June 8, 1853, when he died, the "father of the
bar." His early associates had nearly all died or re-
tired, and a new generation was growing up whose
ways were unlike their fathers'. He disliked the
change, and missed and mourned his old opponents.
He often fell into reveries, his memory busy with the
past, his face changing with each crowding recollec-
tion, his eyes flashing until he would break out with
the exclamation, " Ah, there were giants in those
days !"
We now have no idea of the hardships endured by
the old bar in their practice, the circuit once ex-
tending from Bloomington to Fort Wayne, its whole
extent a wilderness. Traveling it was a campaign
often involving weeks of absence from home, man
and horse struggling through endless swamps, swim-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
173
niing swollen rivers, and sleeping in the woods. It
was at all times tedious and laborious, and in some
seasons difficult and dangerous. The fees were far
less than now, and often remained mere promises to
pay. This at least was Mr. Brown's experience, for
though he nominally made a great deal of money, his
indulgence lost him the greater part of it. He gen-
erally tore up the notes and accounts against his more
dilatory clients rather than press their collection.
With his wife and son he traveled through Iowa in
1848, stopping each night with some old client en-
countered on the way, and on his return said he
ought to receive some credit for the rapid growth of
that State, for he found it largely peopled by his run-
away clients.
He had no love for or desire to accumulate money, ;
and at his death he left only his town residence and I
a small farm south of the city, on which and its
orchard he had expended money enough, if it had
been invested in town property, to have made him
rich. He admitted this, but said he then would not
have enjoyed it, maintaining that men only actually
possess the money they spend, and get no benefit from
it unless so used.
Neither a politician nor a partisan, he was a life-
long Whig and admirer of Henry Clay, naming his
oldest son for him. He made Whig speeches, and
during the Morgan excitement was strongly urged to
run for Congress by the anti-Masons ; but though
success seemed certain he refused, and never entered
political life. His habits and tastes were strongly
opposed to such a career. He disliked the glare of
public life, and delighted in home and its pleasures,
the society of children and old friends. With them
his fun-loving nature had free rein, and wit, humor,
and anecdote were lavished on all around him. Those
only who saw him under such circumstances could
properly appreciate the sterling worth and honesty of
the man.
He inherited hospitality, and the latch-string was
always out. All preachers and clients were welcome,
and for years his house contained nearly as many
guests as members of his own family ; and as they
generally came on horseback, this " entertainment for
man and beast" not only increased the labors of
his hou.sehold, but seriously diminished his re-
sources.
Reared at a time when. liquor was kept in every
house and tendered to every visitor, it was only
natural, with his temperament and social qualities,
that at times he used it to excess. It was a common
vice with the bar, but with him a little went a great
way. He left off its use entirely for years before he
died, and notwithstanding his opposition to secret
societies — believing them to be inimical to republican
institutions, which require the most open discussion
and treatment of all questions — he united with and
became a prominent officer in the Sons of Temper-
ance, and labored in that cause till his death. At
about the same time he joined the Methodist Church,
— in which his wife had been a life-long member, —
and died in that faith. He denounced gambling in
all its forms, and was selected by a public meeting to
assist in the prosecution of the gamblers, who seemed
to have been given free rein by the regular authori-
ties. In endeavoring to do so he was hampered, and
the facts and evidence withheld from him in the
clerk's office. Commenting on this at a subsequent
public meeting, he said that whether the action of
his friend the clerk was right or not, it had at least
illustrated the greatest of the virtues, for " his charity
had covered a multitude of sins."
He was among the earliest to introduce fine fruits
into this section, and spent much time, labor, and
money in the effort. Though rarely tasting fruit
himself, and though no market then existed for it, he
planted twenty-four acres in the choicest varieties,
as he said, for the public benefit and future markets.
His devotion to it caused his death, for, having spent
a very hot day in it, he was partially sunstruck, and
on returning home at night was seized with conges-
tion of the brain. He rallied from the first attack,
and seemed better for several days, but a relapse took
place on the night of the Yth of June and he lay
unconscious till eight o'clock p.m. of the next day,
when he died. When his critical illness became
known his old friends hastened to his side. Among
them came Calvin Fletcher, his old opponent at the
bar, who seemed most deeply affected at his loss.
His death was a shock to the community. Full
174
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
obituary notices, with sketches of his life, appeared
in all the journals. The courts adjourned ; the bar
passed resolutions, which were spread on the records,
and bench and bar attended his funeral in a body.
The funeral discourse was pronounced by his old
friend, Rev. W. H. Goode, at Roberts' Chapel, June,
1853, and his remains were interred in Green Lawn
Cemetery. They were subsequently removed, with
those of his wife and two of his sons, to a lot at the
eastern base of the hill in Crown Hill Cemetery,
where they rest in peace, awaiting the resurrection.
Mr. Brown had nine children ; one died in infancy,
the rest survived him. Eliza S., the eldest daugh-
ter, married J. C. Yuhn, a prominent merchant of the
city ; they have four surviving children and several
grandchildren. Minerva V., the second child (now
deceased), married A. G. Porter; they have five sur-
viving children and several grandchildren. Angeline,
the third child, died at four years of age. Martlia
S., the fourth child, married Samuel Delzell, a prom-
inent business man of the city ; they have one sur-
viving child. Clay Brown, the oldest son, was edu-
cated at the seminary under Kemper, and at Asbury
University ; studied medicine with Dr. John Evans,
and graduated at Rush Medical College; began prac-
tice at Anderson, Ind., but removed in a few years to
this city, soon taking high rank in his profession ; he
was appointed assistant surgeon of the Eleventh In-
diana Volunteers, and was present at Fort Donelson,
wliere overwork and exposure produced illness, from
which he died at Crump's Landing, Tenn., just before
the battle at Shiloh ; his body was brought home by
Adjt. Macauley, and buried with the honors of war.
Matilda A. was married to Jonas McKay, and is re-
siding at Lebanon, Ohio ; she has two daughters.
Ignatius Brown, the second son, was educated under
Kemper and Lang at the seminar}', studied kw with
his father, graduated Bachelor of Law at Blooming-
ton, and began practice ; he married Miss Elizabeth
M. Marsee, oldest daughter of Rev. J. Marsee ; she
is now dead ; they have four children ; Mr. Brown
left the practice at the beginning of the war, and is
now with his sons in the abstract-of-title line. James
T. Brown, the third son, was educated at the semi-
nary under Kemper and Lang, became traveling
salesman for Guthrie & Co., of Louisville, married
Miss Forsythe, and died (childless) in 1861. Mary
E., the youngest child, married Barton D. Jones, and
is now residing in Washington City ; they have
three surviving children.
Probably no man connected with the county courts
was so widely known and closely associated with their
history in the minds of all early residents as Robert
B. Duncan, the deputy of James M. Ray for several
years, and then for nearly a score of years the clerk
succeeding Mr. Ray, on the latter's acceptance of the
eashiership of the old State Bank in 1834.
Robert B. Duncan is of Scotch descent, his
grandfather, Robert Duncan, born in 1726, a native
Scotchman, having emigrated to America in 1754,
where he engaged in the pursuit of his trade, that of
a tailor. He married Agnes Singleton, burn in 1742,
also of Scotch parentage, and had children, — Robert,
James, John, and three daughters. Robert was born
in Pennsylvania, Sept. 28, 1772, and during his youth
resided in that State, after which he removed to
Western New York and engaged in farming pur-
suits. He married Miss Anna Boyles, and had
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
175
children, — James, Esther, Williaiu, Robert B., Mar-
garet, John, Samuel, Jane, and Annie. The death
of Mrs. Duncan occurred in 1822, and that of Mr.
Duncan Jan. 6, 1846. Their son Robert B. was
born in Ontario County, N. Y., June 15, 1810,
where the earliest seven years of his life were spent.
In 1817 he removed to Ohio and settled near San-
dusky, his residence until the spring of 1820, when
the family emigrated to Conner's Station, in the pres-
ent Hamilton County, Ind., then an unsurveyed
prairie. Various employments occupied the time
here until 1824, when he became a resident of Pike
township, Marion Co., and engaged in the pioneer
labor of clearing ground and farming. The year
1827 found him a resident of Indianapolis, where
he entered the county clerk's oflSce as deputy, and
remained thus employed until March, 1834, when
he was elected to the office of clerk of the county,
and held the position for sixteen succes.sive years.
]Mr. Duncan had meanwhile engaged in the study of
law, and immediately, on the expiration of his official
term in 1850, began his professional career, confining
himself mainly to business associated with the Pro-
bate Court. He still continues to practice, devoting
himself to the interests of the firm with which he is
associated in connection with the Probate Court and to
consultation. Mr. Duncan was early in his political
career a Whig, and continued his relations with that
party until his later indorsement of the articles of the
Republican platform. With the exception of his
lengthy period of official life as county clerk, he has
never accepted nor sought office. He was reared in
the stanch faith of the Scotch Presbyterian Church,
and still adheres to that belief. Mr. Duncan was
married in December, 1843, to Miss Mary E., daugh-
ter of Dr. John H. Sanders, of Indianapolis, to whom
were born children, — John S. (a practicing lawyer),
Robert P. (a manufacturer), Anna D. (wife of Wil-
liam T. Barbee, of Lafayette, Ind.), and Nellie D.
(wife of John R. Wilson, of Indianapolis). Mr.
Duncan enjoys the distinction of being the oldest
continuous resident of the county.
Two years after Mr. Duncan came to the town to
take the deputy's place with Mr. Ray, James Morri-
son came up from Charleston, Clarke Co., having
been elected Secretary of State to succeed Judge
Wick. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1796,
came to this country a young lad, with his parents
and brothers (the late William H. and Alexander F.),
studied law with Judge William B. Rochester, in
Western New York, and after his admission to the
bar came to Charleston, where he practiced his pro-
fession with the late Judge Charles Dewey, of the
State Supreme Bench from 1836 to 1847. When
elected Secretary of State, in 1829, he removed here
permanently with his brothers, and succeeded Judge
Bethuel Morris as presiding judge of the circuit.
He also succeeded Samuel Merrill as president of the
old State Bank, on the accession of the latter to the
presidency of the Madison Railroad. He was the
first attorney-general of the State, and the first presi-
dent of the Burns Club, being a native of the same
shire. For twenty-five years he was senior warden
of Christ Church, and during the remainder of his
life, after the organization of St. Paul's Church, held
the same office there. He was one of the best men,
intellectually and morally, that the city has ever
claimed. He was an honorable lawyer, and that
means a great deal, and he was a Christian gentleman.
In the latter part of the second decade of the city's
existence, Mr. Ovid Butler came to Indianapolis and
formed a partnership with Mr. Fletcher, which was
subsequently enlarged by the addition of Simon
Yandes, Esq., eldest son of the late Daniel Yandes,
the pioneer mill builder of the New Purchase. Mr.
Yandes was noted at the bar for accuracy, clearness,
and persevering labor, as was Mr. Butler, and with
Mr. Fletcher's experience and dash, the firm was one
of rare strength, as well known for its integrity as
its ability.
Ovid Butler was born on the 7th of February,
1801, in Augusta, N. Y., and died at Indianapolis,
Ind., on the 12th of July, 1881. His father, the
Rev. Chauncey Butler, was the first pastor of the
Disciples' Church in this city. He died in 1840.
His grandfather, Capt. Joel Butler, was a Revolu-
tionary soldier, and served in the disastrous Quebec
expedition. He died in 1822. In 1817 the family
removed from the home in New York to Jennings
County, in this State, where Ovid Butler resided
176
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
until he arrived at the years of manhood. Here he
taught school for a few years and studied law. In
1825 he settled at Shelbyville, where he practiced
his profession until 1836, when he removed to In-
dianapolis, which became his permanent residence.
He continued in his practice here, having as part-
ners at diflferent times Calvin Fletcher, Simon
Yandes, and Horatio C. Newcomb, among the ablest
and most prominent lawyers of the State. His busi-
ness was extensive and very lucrative, but owing to
impaired health he retired from the bar in 1849.
He was married in 1827 to Cordelia Cole, who
lived until the year 1838. He was again married,
to Mrs. Elizabeth A. Elgin, daughter of the late
Thomas McOuat, in 1840, who survived him one
year. No man was more fortunate in his domestic
relations. As a lawyer Mr. Butler excelled in the
office. In the argument of legal questions and the
preparation of pleadings he was laborious and inde-
fatigable. With firmness, perseverance, clearness of
purpose, and tenacity without a parallel he pushed
his legal business through the courts. With not
many of the graces of the orator, he surpassed, by
dint of great exertion in the preparation of his cases,
those who relied upon persuasive eloquence or sudden
strategy at the bar. Plain, quiet, gentle, modest, but
solid and immovable, he was a formidable antagonist
in the greatest cases that were tried during his prac-
tice. His style was strong and sententious ; without
ornament, without humor, without elegance, but
logical and convincing. His clients always got his
best ability in the preparation and trial of their cases.
His legal knowledge was general and comprehensive,
his judgment sound, and his reasoning powers vigor-
ous. He met few competitors at the bar combining
80 much industry, strength, perseverance, and cul- I
ture. He had the unbounded confidence of the
community in his common sense, integrity, and
general capability in his profession. j
After his retirement from the bar he devoted his
life mainly to the interests of the Christian Church
and of the Northwestern Christian University. But
for a few years after the close of the Mexican war,
while the questions as to the extension of slavery into
the territories acquired were being agitated, he took
an active part in politics. In 1848 he established a
newspaper in Indianapolis called The Free Soil Ban-
ner, which took radical ground against the extension
of slavery and against slavery itself. The motto was
"Free soil, free States, free men." He had been pre-
viously a Democrat. He served upon the Free Soil
electoral ticket and upon important political commit-
tees, and took the stump in advocacy of his princi-
ples in the Presidential campaigns of 1848 and 1852.
In 1852 he contributed the funds, in a great meas-
ure, to establish The Free Soil Democrat, a newspa-
per for the dissemination of his cherished views upon
these questions. This was finally merged in The In-
dianapolis Journal in the year 1854, Mr. Butler
having purchased a controlling interest in that news-
paper. In the year 1854 the Republican party was
organized out of the anti-slavery men of all parties,
and took bold ground upon the subject, and the
Journal became its organ. The influence Mr. But-
ler exerted upon public sentiment was great and be-
neficent. He ranged in the higher walks of politics,
steadfastly and intelligently advancing the great ideas,
then unpopular, which have since become the univer-
sal policy of the nation. He lived to see his prin-
ciples written upon the banners of our armies and
gleaming in the lightning of a thousand battles, to see
them embodied in the Constitution and hailed with
delight wherever free government has an advocate.
Mr. Butler gave further evidence of devotion to
his principles by aiding in the establishment of a
free-soil paper in Cincinnati, and taking a wider
range when Kossuth came preaching the gospel of
liberty for down-trodden Hungary, he again opened
his liberal purse for humanity.
But he sought quiet and retirement. Many years
ago he removed his residence from his old home in
town to his farm north of and beyond its limits.
Here, among and in the shade of the great walnut-,
ash-, sugar-, and elm-trees, he built his house, and
here he spent the remainder of his years. Here,
walking or sitting beneath these grand representa-
tives of the primeval forest, might be seen his ven-
erable form fitly protected by their shadows. Here
he received his friends and welcomed them to his
hospitable board. Here bis family assembled, his
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
177
children and his children's children, to enjoy his
society and to pay respect to his wishes.
The appearance of Mr. Butler was not strikins.
Of about the average height, as he walked he leaned
forward, as if in thought. His eye was bright and
cheerful, and the expression of his countenance was
sedate, indicative of sound judgment, strong common
sense, an unruffled temper, a fixedness of purpose,
and kindness of heart. His voice was not powerful
or clear, his delivery was slow and somewhat hesitat-
ing ; but such was the matter of his speech, so clear,
cogent, apt, and striking, that he compelled the at^
tention of his hearers. The weight of his character,
the power of his example, the charm of a life of rec-
titude and purity gave a force to his words which,
coming from an ordinary man, might not have been
so carefully heeded. Emerson says, " It makes a
great difiFerence to the sentence whether there be a
man behind it or not." He was a little shy and un-
obtrusive in his manners, especially among strangers,
but to his old friends cordial, winning, and confiding.
He avoided controversies, kept quiet when they were
impending, and conciliated by his decorous forbear-
ance those who, by active opposition, would have
been roused to hostility.
Stronger than all other features of his character
was his unaffected piety. For many years of his
life he was an humble and devoted Christian, illus-
trating in his daily walk and conversation the prin-
ciples he professed. Devout without display, zealous
and charitable, he placed before and above all other
personal objects and considerations his own spiritual
culture ; looking to that true and ultimate refinement
which, begun on earth, is completed in heaven.
The great and memorable work of Mr. Butler was
connected with the Northwestern Christian Univer-
sity, now called " Butler University." • He, with
many friends, had for some years contemplated the
establishment of this institution, and in the winter
of 1849-50 obtained the passage of a charter through
the Legislature of this State. Mr. Butler drafted it,
and had the credit of giving expression in it to the
peculiar objects of the University. The language of
the section defining them is as follows : " An institu-
tion of learning of the highest class for the education
12
of the youth of all parts- of the United States and
of the Northwest ; to establish in said institution
departments or colleges for the instruction of the
students in every branch of liberal and professional
education ; to educate and prepare suitable teachers
for the common schools of the country ; to teach and
inculcate the Christian faith and Christian morality
as taught in the sacred Scriptures, discarding as un-
inspired and without authority all writings, formulas,
creeds, and articles of faith subsequent thereto, and
for the promotion of the sciences and arts." As
to intellectual training, this calls for a high standard.
As to religious teaching, it is radically liberal.
But Mr. Butler was not an aggressive reformer.
His gentle nature had no taint of acrimony or intol-
erance in it. While he entertained, announced, and
adhered to his own views with unalterable tenacity,
he exercised toward all who disagreed with him an
ample Christian charity. He was not a sectarian in
the narrow and offensive sense. He was willing to
wait patiently for the gradual and slow changes of
piiblic opinion as truth was developed.
For twenty years he served as president of the
board of directors of the University, and in 1871, at
the age of seventy, he retired from the office, saying
in his letter of resignation, " I have given to the in-
stitution what I had to offer of care, of counsel, of
labor, and of means, for the purpose of building up
not merely a literary institution, but for the purpose
of building up a collegiate institution of the highest
class, in which the divine character and the supreme
Lordship of Jesus, the Christ, should be fully recog-
nized and carefully taught to all the students, to-
gether with the science of Christian morality, as
taught in the Christian Scriptures, and to place, such
an institution in the front ranks of human progress
and Christian civilization as the advocate and expo-
nent of the common and equal rights of humanity,
without distinction of sex, race, or color."
He had fought the good fight, he had adhered to
his ptirpose, he had not labored in vain. But for
ten years more, and until his death, he gave the Uni-
versity his attention and his best thought. He had
devoted so many years of his life and so much of his
energy to this purpose that it had become the hfbit
178
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUN'J'Y.
of his being to promote and protect the interests of
the University. His influence and his spirit are still
as powerful as ever there. Absence, silence, and
death have no power over them.
He did not run to the mountains, or the seaside,
or Saratoga for happiness. His residence, his car-
riage, and his dress were plain. He gratified his
taste, but it was an exalted one. The campus of a
college, his gift to men, was to him a finer show than
deer-parks or pleasure-grounds. The solid walls of
the University were more pleasing than a palace
carved and polished and decorated for his own com-
fort. He delighted to look upon well-trained men
and women rather than pictures and statuary. He
preferred to gather the young and docile of the hu-
man race, and put them on exhibition, rather than
short-horns or Morgan horses, and yet he did not
de.<pise or underrate these other good things. He
gratified a refined and ennobled taste when he selected
the man for culture and not the animal. But it was
not all a matter of taste ; he looked much farther
than that. He loved cultivated men and women for
their uses ; for their power and capability to do
good ; to teach the truth, to set examples ; to lead
men from vice and ignorance ; and to give them
strength and encouragement. And so he put forth,
fur many of the best years of his life, his constant
exertions to build up a great institution of learning,
ill which the principles of human freedom and of
Christianity should be taught forever. He did not
die without the sight. He in.=pired many to unite
with him in the work, and has laid a foundation in a
]ilace and in a way that, so far as can be seen, will be
perpetual for great good.
The Circuit Court was the only one known here
till 1849, except the Probate Court, which was hardly
accounted a court, and not held in high consideration,
being little more than a sort of relief to the Circuit
Court, the probate business of which it assumed.
The judge was never or rarely a lawyer, and his bu.si-
ness was that of an accountant rather than a judge.
In 1849 the bar decided, after some consultation, that
the Circuit Court needed to be relieved in a more ef-
fective fashion than the Probate Court did it, and the
late Oliver H. Smith drafted a bill to create a Com-
mon Pleas Court for this county. It passed, and
Abram A. Hammond, subsequently Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor and Governor, was made the first judge and
clerk, the bill adding one duty to the other to make
the fees a sufiicient salary. In a year he went to Cali-
fornia, and was succeeded by Edward Lander, an elder
brother of the late Gen. Fred. Lander, and the
first chief justice of Washington Territory. An act
of the Legislature of May 11, 1852, abolished this
local court and created a State system of Common
Pleas Courts, specially charged with probate business,
but given also concurrent jurisdiction with the Cir-
cuit Court and ju.stices of the peace in a certain
range of civil and criminal business. The order of
judges of this court will be found in the list of county
officers. The district contained Marion, Boone, and
Hendricks Counties. In 1873 " all matters and bus-
iness pending in the Courts of Common Pleas" were
" transferred to the Circuit Courts of the proper
counties," and the system of Common Pleas Courts
came to an end, after an existence in Marion County
of nearly a quarter of a century.
In the courts of inferior jurisdiction the justices
of the county and city occasionally attained a credit-
able and well-earned distinction. Among these were
Henry Brady, Thomas Morrow, Samuel Moore,
Charles Bonge, Hiram Bacon, James Johnson, John
C. Hume, and others in the county outside of the
city ; and in the city, Obed Foote, Henry Bradley,
Caleb Scudder, Charles Fisher, and particularly Wil-
liam Sullivan, whose long tenure of the office, with
the extent of his business and the soundness of his
judgment, made him of almost equal authority with
the Circuit Court. For many years he was almost
the only justice of the peace that the bar would trust
with any business.
William Sullivan.— The ancestors of Mr.
Sullivan were among the earliest settlers of the
Eastern Shore of Maryland and the adjoining State
of Delaware. His grandfather, Moses Sullivan, was
of Irish-English descent, and his wife, Mary Parker,
of Kent County, ISId., was of English extraction.
Their children were David, William, and Mary, the
first-named of whom was the father of the subject of
this sketch. He married Elizabeth Peacock in 1794,
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
179
and settled in Kent County, Md. Their children
were Joel, Aaron, Sarah, Nathan P., William, Ellen
C., and Georsie R. The survivor of these children,
William Sullivan, was born April 25, 1803. His
father having died when the lad was in his fifth year,
he was placed in the academy at Elkton, Md., and
remained at this institution until his seventeenth
year. On the death of his mother in 1827 he made
an extended tour for purposes of observation and
improvement, and continued his studies, after which
he accepted employment from a corps of civil engi-
neers as land surveyor and general assistant, and
gained much practical knowledge in this vocation.
He removed in 1833 to Ohio, and for a term en-
gaged in teaching, subsequently entering Hanover
College, Indiana, where he was employed both in
study and as an instructor. In 1834 Indianapolis
became his home, where he immediately opened a
private school, and later became connected with the
Marion County Seminary, of which he acted as prin-
cipal. In 1836 he was appointed to the office of
civil engineer of the city of Indianapolis, and under
his direction the first street improvements were made.
The office of county surveyor of Marion County was
also conferred upon him. During this time he con-
structed a large map of the city for general use, and
a smaller one for the use of citizens. Mr. Sullivan
took an active interest in educational matters, and
was instrumental in organizing and building the
Franklin Institute, which in its day enjoyed a suc-
cessful career. He on dissolving his connection with
this institution accepted the appointment of United
States deputy surveyor of public lands, and imme-
diately entered upon the discharge of his duties in
Northern Michigan among the Chippewa Indians,
then a tnjublesonie and dangerous tribe. He was,
while discharging the duties of this office, appointed
chief assistant of the distribution post-office, then
removed to Indianapolis, and held the position for
four years, keeping account of the business and
making quarterly and final settlement of the office
receipts during the whole of that time.
In the spring of 1641 he was elected mayor of the
city, and served one term. In the fall of that year
he was chosen justice of the peace in and for Centre
township, Marion Co., at Indianapolis, and continued
to hold the office until 1867, a period of twenty-six
years, frequently discharging the duties of police
judge during the absence of the mayor. He was
also, while acting as justice of the peace, the only
United States commissioner at Indianapolis. He was
later appointed by the United States Court the com-
missioner in bankruptcy for the State of Indiana.
Meanwhile he has devoted both means and time to
public improvements, particularly to plank-, gravel-,
and railroads centring at Indianapolis, serving for
several years as a director of the Central Railway
from Richmond to Indianapolis, and subsequently as
trustee of the Peru and Indianapolis Railroad. Mr.
Sullivan was a well-read elementary lawyer before
coming West. On retiring from active pursuits in
1867 he had a large amount of unsettled business,
which induced him to be admitted as a practicing
attorney in the various courts of Marion County,
though he has during later years declined business
for other parties. In politics he acted with the
Democrats until the passage of the " Kansas- Nebraska
Acts," since which time he has voted with the Re-
publican party. On the 8th of March, 1835, Mr.
Sullivan was married to Miss Clarissa Tomliuson,
who was of Scotch and English descent, and resided
in Indianapolis. Their children now living are Clara
E. (wife of Col. Richard F. May, of Helena, Mon-
tana), Flora (wife of E. Wulschner, of Indianapolis),
and George II. Sullivan, who married Miss Annie
Russell, of Indianapolis, and has one son, Russell.
Both Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan, though advanced in
years, enjoy excellent health and exceptional mental
vigor.
In 1865 the Criminal Circuit Court of Marion
County was created to relieve the original court of a
class of business that consumed a great deal of time,
obstructed important interests, and largely increased
the cost of maintaining the court to the county and
the costs of litigation to parties. A separate court
would hasten the dispatch of business of all kinds,
and be a money-saving as well as trouble-saving
measure. The Criminal Court, however, was not
separated so completely from the parent court as was
that of the Common Pleas in 1849. It was separate
180
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ouly in its duties and its judges. The county clerk
had charge of its papers and records, and the county
sheriff served it as he did the old Circuit Court and
the Common Pleas Court. These three, the Circuit,
the Common Pleas, and the Criminal Court, con-
sitituted the judicial force of the county from 18G5
to 1873, when the Common Pleas was reabsorbed into
the Circuit Court. The Criminal Court continues,
with a little modification since its original establish-
ment, with a series of accomplished and efficient
judges, as will be seen from the list appended to this
work. The member of the city bar who is probably
the best known as an advocate in the Criminal Court,
though his practice is by no means confined to that
class of business, is Jonathan W. Gordon.
Hon. Jonathan W. Gordon was bom Aug. 13,
1820. His father, William Gordon, was an Irish
laborer, who emigrated to the United States in 1789-
90, and settled in Washington County, Pa., where,
Aug. 18, 1795, he married Sarah Wallon, a native
of Greenbrier County, Va., by whom he had fourteen
children, of which the subject of this biography is
the thirteenth. The father removed from Pennsyl-
vania to Indiana in the spring of 1835, and settled
in Ripley County, where he resided until his death,
Jan. 20, 1841. His wife survived him until May
29, 1857, when she died at the residence of her
youngest daughter, Mrs. Charlotte T. Kelley.
In the mean time the subject of this sketch mar-
ried Miss Catharine J. Overturf, April 3, 1843 ;
entered upon the profession of the law Feb. 27,
1844 ; went to Mexico, June 9, 1846, as a volunteer
in the Third Regiment of Indiana Volunteers ; lost
his health in the service, and upon his return aban-
doned the law and studied medicine on account of
hemorrhage of the lungs; was graduated as M.D.
from Asbury University in 1851, and resumed the
practice of the law at Indianapolis in 1852. He was
elected prosecuting attorney in 1854 ; member of
the House of Representatives in the General As-
sembly in 1856, and again in 1858 ; and during the
latter term was twice chosen Speaker.
In 1859 he was nominated by many members of
the bar, without distinction of party, for the office
of Common Pleas judge, made vacant by the death
of Hon. David Wallace ; but, finding that some
aspirants for the position desired a party contest, he
declined the race, holding that the judicial office
ought to be kept clear of party politics. In 1860 he
took an active part in behalf of Mr. Lincoln, to
whose nomination he had largely contributed by de-
feating an instruction of the Indiana delegation for
Edward Bates. His speech against Mr. Bates was
published, and though effective for the purpose for
which it was delivered, was scarcely less so to prevent
his own appointment to any civil position under Mr.
Lincoln. In 1861 he was chosen clerk of the House
of Representatives, but resigned the position for a
place in the ranks of the army upon the outbreak of
the war. He served during the three months' ser-
vice in the Ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and
received from the President during the time the
appointment of major in the Eleventh United States
Infantry. He accepted the position and served in
garrison duty until March 4, 1864, when he resigned;
and, returning to Indianapolis, resumed the practice
of the law. He united with those represented in the
Cleveland Convention of that year in the support of
Gen. Fremont, but when he ceased to be a candidate,
supported Mr. Lincoln. He made two political
speeches during the contest, taking strong ground
against public corruption, and the exercise of all un-
authorized power. In the fall of the year he
defended those citizens of the State who were ar-
raigned and tried before military commissions, and
maintained the want of any jurisdiction on the part
of such commissions to try a citizen of a State not
involved in actual war. His argument was printed
and largely circulated at the time, and it is believed
that little was added to it by any subsequent discus-
sions. He opposed not so much the impeachment
of President Johnson, as the heated and partisan
manner in which the Republican party tried to make
it effective. This he opposed with zeal and enthu-
siasm from first to last, and when it failed in the
vote on the eleventh article, congratulated the coun-
try on its failure.
He supported Gen. Grant in 1868, and in the
course of the canvass delivered one of his ablest
speeches in defense of the constitutionality of the
w&
^i'C5">— S^Cc/Vt/
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
181
measures of Congress for the reconstruction of gov-
ernments in the seceding States. In the spring of
1SG9 he suffered a great loss in the burning of his
house and the greater part of his library. This loss
he has never been able to repair, and his preparation
in many a great controversy since has limped be-
cause of it. In 1872 he again supported Grant; was
phiecd at the head of his electoral ticket in the State,
and being elected was chosen by his colleagues
president of the electoj'al college. In his speech
upon taking the chair, he endeavored to ameliorate
the asperity of party feeling and spirit by a generous
tribute to the great journalist who had been sup-
ported by the opponents of the President. His party
nominated him in 1876 for the office of attorney-gen-
eral of the State, but as the party was defeated that
year in the State, he went down with the rest. In
1868 he ran for and was elected to the House of
Representatives in the General Assembly. His can-
vass was regarded as indiscreet and audacious by
many of his more prudent friends. Under the leader-
ship of its most prominent leader, the Republican
party of the State was deeply poisoned with the
greenback virus. He knew this as well as others ;
but believing that it was altogether more important
that sound views on the subject of the currency
should be presented to the people than that he should
be elected to the Legislature, he exposed and ridiculed
the fallacies of the greenbackers without stint or
mercy. His defeat was confidently predicted by
many prominent men of his own party ; but at the
close of the election it was found that just views are
understood and appreciated by the people, for he
ran as well as his associates on the ticket. In the
Legislature he devoted his labors and time to the
amendment of the criminal law, so as to secure con-
viction of the guilty in many cases where it was be-
fore next to impossible. His labors were defeated
for want of time to carry them through. He did
succeed, however, in limiting the power of courts to
punish for contempt, a thing hitherto neglected in
the State.
Having lost his first wife, he married Miss Julia
L. Dumont, March 13, 1862. He has had six chil-
dren, five by his first, and one by his last wife.
He has followed his profession with a fair degree
of success, bestowing great labor upon such new
questions as have from time to time arisen in the
course of his practice. In several instances he has,
it is believed, given a permanent bent to the law
as decided by the highest tribunal of the State ;
but has in others failed where ho believed, and still
believes, that he was right. In such cases he finds
consolation in the faith that just principles do finally
triumph, and that his defeats are not final. He has
not been satisfied to be merely a lawyer, but has
taken a general view of literature and philosophy.
Smitten with the love of poetry, he has sometimes
mistaken it for the impulsions of genius, and essayed
to sing. Some of his fugitive pieces have met with
popular favor, and others with neglect. In this way
he has been preserved from surrendering himself to
the muses by the dead level of appreciation. He is
not likely now to be spoiled by the passion for literary
success. His last published poem shall end this
sketch.
THE OPEN GATE.
I stand far down upon a shaded slope,
And near the valley of a silent river,
Whose tideless waters darkling, stagnant mope,
Through climes beyond the flight of earthward hope,
Forever and forever.
No sail is seen upon the sullen stream,
No breath of air to make it crisp or quiver.
Nor sun, nor star to shed the faintest gleam
To cheer its gloom ; but as the Styx, we deem,
It creeps through might forever.
An open gate invites my bleeding feet,
And all life's forces whisper, " We are weary ;
Pass on and out, thou canst no more repeat
The golden dreams of youth : and rest is sweet,
And darkness is not dreary.
" Pass on and out; the way is plain and straight.
And countless millions have gone out before thee;
What shouldst thou fear, since men of every state,
And clime, and time have found the open gate,
The gate of death or glory.
" Then fearless pass down to the silent shore,
And look not back with aught like vain regretting ;
The sunny days of life for thee are o'er,
And thy dark eyes shall hail the light no more,—
The final sun is setting."
182
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
They cease; and silent through the gate I glide,
And down the shore unto the dismal river,
That doth the lands of Death and Life divide,
To find, I trust, upon the farther side
Life, light, and love forever.
In 1871 the Superior Court of Marion County
was created with three judges, from the decision of
any one of whom an appeal lay to all of them in
"banc." In 1877, March 5, the number of judges
was increased to four, and reduced again to three by
the act of May 31, 1879. One of the most noted
judges of the Superior Court, though not of the first
three, was Samuel E. Perkins, for many years a
member of the Supreme Court.
Samuel Elliott Perkins was born in Brattle-
boro', Vt., Dec. 6, 1811, being the second son of
John Trumbull and Catharine Willard Perkins.
His parents were both natives of Hartford, Conn.,
and were temporarily residing in Brattleboro', where
his father was pursuing the study of law with Judge
Samuel Elliott. Before he was five years old his
father died, and his mother removed with her chil-
dren to Conway, Mass., where she also died soon
afterward. Before this, however, Mrs. Perkins
being unable to support her family, Elliott was
adopted by William Baker, a respectable farmer of
Conway, with whum he lived and labored unlil he
was twenty-one years of age. During this time, by
the aid of three months' annual schooling in the free
schools in winter, and by devoting evenings and rainy
days to books, he secured a good English education,
and began the study of Latin and Greek. After
attaining his majority he pursued his studies in
difierent schools, working for his board and teaching
in vacation to provide means for tuition and clothing.
The last year of this course of study was spent at the
Yates County Academy, N. Y., then under the presi-
dency of Seymour B. Gookins, Esq., a brother of the
late Judge Gookins, of Terre Haute, Ind. Having
obtained a fair classical education he commenced the
study of law in Penn Yan, the county-seat of Yates
County, in the office of Thomas J. Nevius, Esq., and
afterward as a fellow-student of Judge Brinkerhoff,
late of the Supreme Bench of Ohio, studying in the
office of Henry Welles, Esq., since one of the judges
of the Supreme Court of New York. In the fall of
1836 he came alone, on foot, from Bufl'alo, N. Y., to
Richmond, Ind., a stranger in a strange land, not
being acquainted with a single individual in the
State. His original intention had been to locate in
Indianapolis, but on reaching Richmond he found
the roads impassable from recent heavy storms, it
being necessary to carry even the mails on horse-
back. Finding it impossible to proceed farther, and
desiring to lose no time in qualifying himself for
practice, he inquired for a lawyer's office, and was
referred to Judge J. W. Borden, then a practicing
attorney in Richmond, and now criminal judge of
Allen County. He spent the winter in his office
doing office work for his board. In the spring of
1837, after a satisfactory examination before Hon.
Jehu T. Elliott, Hon. David Kiigore, and Hon.
Andrew Kennedy, a committee appointed by the
court for that purpose, he was admitted to the bar
at Centreville, Wayne Co., Ind. He immediately
opened an office in Richmond, and soon obtained a
large and lucrative practice. The Jeffersonian, a
weekly paper, had been established in 1837 by a
Democratic club, with Mr. Perkins as editor. In
1838 the Jeffersonian was sold to Lynde Elliott,
who conducted it about a year and failed. He had
mortgaged the press to Daniel Reed, of Fort Wayne,
for more than its value. Mr. Reed visited Rich-
mond, after Elliott's failure, for the purpose of mov-
ing the press to Fort Wayne. Unwilling that the
Democracy of the place should be without an organ,
Mr. Perkins came forward and paid off the mort-
gage, took the press, recommenced the publication
of the Jeffersonian, and continued it through the
campaign of 1840. In 1843 he was appointed by
Governor Wiiitcomb pro.?ecutiug attorney of the
Sixth Judicial Circuit. In 1844 he was one of the
electors who cast the vote of the State for Mr. Polk.
In the winter of 1844, and again in 1845, he was
nominated by Governor Whitcomb, a cautious man
and good judge of character, to a seat on the
Supreme Bench, but was not confirmed. On the
adjournment of the Legislature, quite unexpectedly
to himself, he received from the Governor the ap-
pointment for one year to the office for which he
^^^^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
183
had been nominated. He was then thirty-four years
of age, and had been at the bar and a resident of the
State but nine years. With much reluctance he ac-
cepted the appointment, having to risk the reelection
of Governor Whitcomb for a renomination to the
Senate the following year. He was, however, re-
elected, and Judge Perkins, having served on the
beneli one year, was renominated and confirmed by
the Senate, receiving a two-thirds vote, seven Whig
senators voting for him. In 1852, and again in
1858, he was elected, under the new Constitution, by
the vote of the people to the same position, and was
therefore on the Supreme Bench nineteen consecu-
tive years. When, in the stress of political disaster
in 18G4, he left that court he did not therefore
despair or retire, but entered at once into the prac-
tice of his profession. In 1857 he accepted the
appointment of professor of law in the Northwestern
Christian (now Butler) University, which position
he retained several years. In 1870-72 he was
professor of law at the Indiana State University, at
Bloomington. He felt much pride and gratification
in the marked success of so many of his students.
In addition to his immense labor as one of the
judges of the Supreme Court and professor of law,
he prepared in 1858 the " Indiana Digest," a book
containing eight hundred and seventy pages, and
requiring in its writing, arrangement, and compila-
tion for the press a great amount of labor, involving
the deepest research into the statutes of the State
and the decisions of the Supreme Court. This work
has received the approbation of the members of the
Indiana bar as a work of great merit and utility. In
1859 he also produced the "Indiana Practice," a
work requiring an equal amount of labor. In 1868
he undertook the editorship of the Herald, formerly
and since the Sentinel, the Democratic State organ.
In August, 1872, he was appointed by Governor
Baker, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of
Judge Rand, to a seat on the Superior Bench of
Marion County, a nisi prius and inferior tribunal,
one of great labor and responsibility, and discharged
its duties with all diligence and fidelity. He was
subsequently elected to the same ofiice in 1874 with-
out opposition. Nor was there ever a juster act of
popular gratitude and recognition than when the
people of the State, in 1876, almost without action
upon his part, took him from this place and returned
him to a higher station in the courts of the common-
wealth which he had formerly so long adorned with
his presence. To his studious application, which
supplemented the natural qualities of his mind, much
was due for the reputation of the Indiana Supreme
Bench in the days when it was honored for its wis-
dom. He helped to give it the name it had in the
days of Blackford and Dewey, his first associates in
the court, and not the smallest part of the loss occa-
sioned by his death is, that it deprives the bench of
the quality it needs most and has least. Shortly after
Judge Perkins' appointment to the Supreme Bench
he became a resident of Indianapolis, where he con-
tinued to live until the time of his death. He took
a lively interest in the development of the material
interests of his adopted city, and during his long
residence there assisted with his means and influence
in many enterprises looking toward the prosperity of
Indianapolis. As he was familiar with adversity in
his early days, and often experienced all that was
bitter in poverty, his heart continually prompted
him to acts of benevolence toward the unfortunate
of his neighborhood. It was a mystery to many how
he could apply himself professionally with such unre-
mitting diligence, and at the same time take such a
lively interest in everything looking toward the pros-
perity of Indianapolis ; but the fact is he knew no
rest; he was indefatigable; he never tired when there
was anything to be done. His life was an unceasing
round of labors which he never neglected, and which
he pursued with a devoted industry from which more
robust constitutions might have recoiled. On politi-
cal subjects the judge was a pertinent and forcible
writer, and when his pen engaged in miscellany its
productions possessed a truthful brevity, perspicuity,
and beauty which ranked them among the best liter-
ary productions of the day. His eulogy on the late
Governor Ashbel P. Willard, delivered in the Senate
chamber during the November term (1860) of the
United States District Court, does ample justice to
the character and memory of that distinguished man ;
and the sentiments that pervade the entire address
184
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
bear testimony to the soundness of the head and
jjuodness of the heart from which they emanated.
The pith and fibre of his mental faculties are not by
anything better attested than by the very evident
growth and progress of his judicial style. His mind
was of that finest material which does not dull with
age or become stale with usage. He improved
steadily and constantly to the very last. His last
opinions are his best. There is in these a manifest
terseness, a cautious, careful trimming and lopping oflF
of all superfluousness ; the core only, the very kernel
of the point to be decided, is presented. But for this
tacit acknowledgment of a Aiuit in his earlier writings
he is not to be upbraided, but commended rather for
the moral courage necessary in the avowal and avoid-
ance of such fault. The first, and not the least,
quality in a judge is thorough integrity of purpose
and action. In this great qualification he was fault-
less. In a long and diversified course of public life
no charge was ever made against him of corruption
or oppression, or even of discourtesy or unkindness.
In his intercourse, whether with his colleagues of the
bench and bar, or with the people at large, no stain
was ever found upon the ermine which he wore.
Too much praise can hardly be bestowed upon the
firmness with which he maintained his political
integrity. In early life an ardent friend and sup-
porter of the principles of Jackson and Jefi'erson, he
remained faithful in his adherence to them to the
end. There were many notable examples in his day
of political apostasy ; there were many of his contem-
poraries who, yielding to what was called the force of
circumstances, did
" Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee,
That thrift might follow fawning."
But he was not of the number. At the grand
assizes of the future, posterity will award to the
late chief justice of Indiana the white glove of
purity, in token of a lengthened term of public ser-
vice in which justice was administered without fear,
without favor, and without reproach. Judge Per-
kins died of paralysis of the brain, at his residence
on West New York Street, Indianapolis, at mid-
night, Dec. 17, 1879, in the sixty-ninth year of his
age. He died full of years and honors.
It seldom falls to the lot of a single individual in
these feverish and changeful times to fill a position
of such high honor and trust in the State such a
length of time. As is customary on the death of a
member of the profession, a bar meeting was called,
and, after appropriate remarks, the following memo-
rial was reported by Governor Baker, as chairman
of a special committee :
" Again, in the history of the State, death has entered the
Supreme Court and made vacant a seat upon its bench. The
chief justice is dead. ^Ye meet to do suitable honor to the
name and memory, and mourn the death, of Judge Perkins.
Uis eminent success is an encouragement, bis death an admo-
nition. Endowed with strong and active faculties, he pursued
the purposes of his life with fortitude and determination, and
at the close of his career he stood among the distinguished of a
profession in which distinction must be merited to be achieved.
" He was successful in life, and attained exalted position and
enjoyed the admiration and approval of his countrymen, not
only because of his excellent natural endowments, but also
beeanse his faculties were cultivated and developed by diligent
labor, and beautified by extensive and useful learning, and also
because his motives were pure and his conduct upright. In
this we have a lesson und an encouragement.
'• The people gave him high honor, and made it as enduring
as the laws and the records of the State. His name is forever
interwoven in our judicial history. So long as society shall
remain org.anized under the government of law will the student
of laws consult his opinions and decisions. Through coming
generations will his labor and learning influence both the legis-
lator and the judge.
"He was an able and faithful judge, and brought honor on
our profession. We will cherish his memory.
" In his death we are admonished that no earthly distinction
can defeat or postpone the * inevitable hour.'
'The paths of glory lead but to the grave.'
"To his family and kindred we extend our sympathy."
Judge Perkins was married, in 1838, to Amanda
Juliette Pyle, daughter of Joseph Pyle, a prominent
citizen of Richmond, Ind. By this marriage there
were ten children, three of whom lived to maturity.
Mary married Oscar B. Hord, and died in 187-1,
leaving four sons, — Samuel E. P., Henry E., Frank
T., and Ricketts Hord. Emma married H. C. Hol-
brook, and died without children. Samuel Elliott,
Jr., the only one now living, married Sue E. Hatch,
and has two little sons, — Samuel Elliott and Volney
Hatch Perkins.
In the three " rooms" or divisions of the Superior
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
185
Court is now transacted mucli the larger proportion
of all the civil business of the county, except probate
business, which all goes to the Circuit Court. The
sessions run on almost continuously from one year's
end to another. The succession of judges will be
fiiund in the appended list of county officers. Among
those who have served with efficiency and high credit
none have left the bench with a more desirable
record and reputation than Judge John A. Holman.
John A. Holman comes of English stock. His
■great-grandfather, George Holman, was born in Mary-
land, Feb. 11, 1762. When sixteen years of age he
went with his uncle to Kentucky, where they settled
near the site of the city of Louisville. In February,
1781, while going to Harrodsburg, he with his com-
panions were captured by the Indians, carried as a
prisoner into what is now the northern part of Ohio,
where he was compelled to run the gauntlet and
barely escaped death. Not long afterwards he was
sentenced by a council to be burned at the stake, but
was rescued by a warrior who adopted him as a son.
He was in captivity three years and a half when the
tribe consented that he might return to Kentucky to
obtain supplies for them, in company with some of
their number. Returning through the forest they
struck the Ohio River a few miles above Louisville,
and, with guns and blankets lashed to their backs,
swam the river. Young Holman was at once ran-
somed and immediately entered the service of Gen.
George Rogers Clark, and served under him in the
following campaign.
On his return from captivity he had passed down
the White Water, and was delighted with the coun-
try. In 180-1 he, with two friends, returned to the
White Water country and selected a home on the
east bank of the river, about two miles south of
where the city of Richmond now stands, to which he
removed his family in the following spring. They
were the first settlers in Wayne County, where he
resided the remainder of his life.
His son William was a captain in the war of 1812,
and afterwards became a Methodist preacher on the
frontier, and was widely known for his zealous devo-
tion to the establishment of the principles of Meth-
odism. James, another son of the old pioneer, was
well known for his steady integrity. His younge.st
son was George G. Holman, who married Mary, the
daughter of Governor James Brown Ray. Ho was
a leading merchant in Centreville for many years,
from whence he removed to Indianapolis.
John A. Holman, the subject of this sketch, is the
youngest child of George G. and Mary Holman. He
was born in the city of Indianapoli.s on April 16,
1849. He was educated at the Northwestern Chris-
tian University, graduating at the age of seventeen.
Even before this he had determined to devote his life
to the profession of the law. Immediately after com-
mencement-day he began his studies under the in-
struction of those eminent jurists, Samuel E. Perkins
and David McDonald, and was admitted to the bar,
ex gratia, upon their recommendation, when but nine-
teen years of age.
Martin M. Ray, his kinsman, then practicing at
the Indianapolis bar, was so well pleased with the
boy that he took him into his office at once as an as-
sociate, with whom he remained in active practice
until the sudden death of Mr. Ray, in August, 1872.
Although now only twenty-two years of age, he had
already taken higli rank at the bar, and continued to
practice alone with eminent success until 1876, when,
on Judge Perkins being again elected to the Supreme
Bench, young Holman was at the age of twenty-
seven appointed by Governor Hendricks to the va-
cancy on the Superior Bench of this city. His early
training and profound knowledge of the principles of
jurisprudence eminently fitted him for the discharge
of judicial functions. He knew the source and his-
tory of the law. He was familiar with the origin
and development of the rules of property and busi-
ness, whether found in statutes or recorded only in
the treatises and reports. His knowledge was so
thorough and his faculties so well disciplined, that
from the beginning he presided with dignity and even
justice. He remained upon the bench until the end
of the year 1882, when he again returned to the bar.
The bar of Indianapolis has had the good fortune
to be steadily recruited from the local bars of the
State, and it has thus become possessed of no incon-
siderable share of their ability and reputation. It
has in a measure swallowed them as fast as they
186
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
showed force enough to be felt beyond their local
limits. A lawyer in a county town attracts atten-
tion, in time gets to be prominent in politics, is
elected to a State office, comes to the capital, and
stays. Others, for the advantages offered by the Su
preme and Federal Courts, come and settle here perma
nently. Thus came here Governor David Wallace
William J. Brown, Oliver H. Smith, Caleb B. Smith
Ovid Butler, Samuel E. Perkins, Oliver P. Morton
Thomas A. Hendricks, Conrad Baker, Joseph E
McDonald, John M. Butler, Jonathan W. Gordon
Ralph Hill, William Henderson, Oscar B. Hord
Benjamin Harrison, and others. Among members
of the city bar of national reputation, professionally
and politically, are ex-Governor and Senator Oliver
P. Morton, ex-Governor and ex-Senator Thomas
A. Hendricks, and ex-Senator Joseph E. McDon-
ald.
Oliver Perry Morton. — In the little village of
Saulsbury, Wayne Co., Ind., on the 4th day of
August, 1823, Oliver Perry Morton was born. He
was of English descent, his grandfather having emi-
grated from England about the beginning of the Revo-
lutionary war, and settled in New Jersey. His
mother died when he was quite young. After the
death of his mother the most of his boyhood days
were spent with his grandparents in Ohio, and with
his widowed aunts in Centreville, Ind. His op-
portunities for education were rather limited, and at
the age of fifteen he was put to learn the hatter's
trade with his half-brother, William T. Morton. At
this occupation he worked four years, employing all
his spare time in study. Early in 1843 he entered
Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio. He remained
there two years in hard study. While there he was
counted the best debater in the University, and dis-
played the powers of presenting an argument that
afterwards made him so famous.
On leaving college he entered the office of Hon.
John S. Newman, at Centreville, and began the study
of law. He was then nearly twenty-two years of
age. On the 15th of May, 1845, he married Miss
Lucinda M. Burbank, daughter of Isaac Burbank, of
that place. This marriage proved a most happy one,
his chosen companion holding and exercising over him
from their marriage until his death an influence that
did much to advance his fame.
He went into the study of the law as he did every-
thing else— with all the energy and industry he had.
I His preceptor said of him that he was a most labori-
ous student, occupying all his time in mastering the
fundamental principles. He did nothing half-way.
He centred all the powers of his mind on his study,
and his intense application brought its reward. In
1847 he was admitted to the bar, and entered the
practice of the law in Centreville. Although Indiana
then had not attained to the powerful position she has
since occupied, the bar of Wayne County was an ex-
ceptionally strong one, and one that would have ranked
high in any State. It numbered among its members
such men as John S. Newman, Caleb B. Smith, James
Rariden, Samuel W. Parker, Jehu T. Elliott, and
others. It was among these men young Morton ex-
pected to try his fortunes. They were the men he
was to meet and combat. They were men learned in
the law, men of high character, with reputations
already established, and a young man to occupy a
place among them had to be possessed of more than
ordinary ability. Among these men he soon came to
be acknowledged a sound lawyer, and they found that
in him they met one able to cope with them before
the bench or jury. Business multiplied, and he was
retained in many important cases in all the neighbor-
ing counties. lu 1852 he was appointed judge of
the circuit. He had only been practicing five years
when he received this high honor. In a circuit com-
posed of such distinguished law3'ers as those men-
tioned above, this appointment at so early an age was
no light honor, and is but an evidence of the ability
he was recognized as possessing. He only remained
on the bench a year, when he relinquished it to again
enter active practice, in which he continued until
1860.
Some men have been disposed to look upon him as
more of a politician than a lawyer, and to regard his
legal attainments as being limited. This was not the
judgment of those who knew him. In fact, it is con-
trary to the natural order of things for a man with
his analytical mind and his powers of application to
have been a poor lawyer. The universal testimony
-^T- i.i'G.E.PeiiMSiC'^i'
M^/^^
OLI\^R P MOHTON
GOVERNOR OF INDIANA.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
187
of those who met him at the bar is that he was a
master. His o;reat faculty was his power of going to
the very root of a thing. He studied his cases
closely, seized upon the salient points, and those he
presented with vigor and skill. He discarded all the
tricks so often resorted to by lawyers, and depended
solely upon the law and the facts. When he was
ready to go into the trial of a case he was prepared
at all points ; there were no surprises in store for
him, but he was thoroughly conversant with every
feature of the case and the law bearing upon it. He
seemed to deal with the great principles of the law,
and to apply them to the case at bar, disdaining to
seize upon quibbles or technicalities. In his addresses
to the court or jury he was always impressive, build-
ing his facts into an edifice, cemented by the law,
that was impregnable against all attacks. One who
knew him well, and had met him at the bar, said of
him, " His great characteristic was that he studied
up his cases, and he never came into court without
giving evidence of careful preparation. ... I dis-
tinctly remember that in the four years before he
was called into the service of the State he literally
annihilated everybody connected with the bar of
Wayne County, and walked rough-shod over all
other lawyers of the circuit. . . . There are prob-
ably few men who have at the same age surpassed him
in ability and success." His success was demonstrated
by the fact that when he left the practice in 1860
he was the leading attorney in all Eastern Indiana,
and was engaged in every prominent case. After his
death the bar of Indianapolis adopted unanimously
a memorial, in which it was said, " Having chosen
his profession, Senator Morton's place in it by natural
right was in the front rank, and, without a struggle,
he was conspicuous there by force of character, gen-
erous stores of knowledge, and eminent ability. He
was a judge remarkable for the wise, speedy, and
impartial administration of justice on an important
circuit at an age when most men are making their
first steps in professional life." The men who drafted
the memorial and adopted it knew whereof they
spoke, for Mr. Morton had been called at one time
to preside over the Circuit Court of Indianapolis.
Of that time one of the most prominent lawyers of
Indianapolis said, " I saw him but once in the exor-
cise of the functions of judge. . . . His decision
was a clear and forcible enunciation of the law,
which left no doubt in the minds of those who heard
it of its correctness." His great political rival, Hun.
Thomas A. Hendricks, said of him at a public meet-
ing, " I never met Governor Morton in court, and
had no knowledge of his habit in the management
of cases. I have heard from others, however, that
which convinces me that he was very able, and I
know he must have been, because he possessed every
qualification for eminence in our profession." Such
was the testimony universally given.
All his speeches on'the stump, in the Senate of the
United States, all his messages to the State Legisla-
ture, show an intimate knowledge of the great prin-
ciples of law, especially constitutional law. One re-
markable instance of this kind he exhibited in his
speech on the right of secession. It had been
claimed upon all hands that there was no power
inherent in the government to coerce a State. In
that speech he took the ground that secession was
the act of individuals and not of States, and ought to
be so regarded ; that the individuals could not shield
themselves behind State governments. This. was the
key to the whole problem. The late Senator Matt
H. Carpenter, who had been associated with him in
the investigation of the Louisiana case, said, " No
one need tell me that Morton is not a great lawyer.
I know better. I have seen him and been a witness
to his power and knowledge of the law." Senator
Thurman, in one of the debates, said, " The Senator
from Indiana may have been a lawyer at one time,
but has been too much engaged in politics, and has
forgotten the law on this subject. He has not kept
up his reading." Senator Morton's only reply was to
call from memory for the reading by the secretary of
passages of law from a large number of authorities,
all so applicable to the case and so much against the
position taken by his opponent, that Senator Thur-
man was overwhelmed and signally defeated.
Senator Morton was a Democrat in politics iu his
earlier years, and always took a deep interest in polit-
ical affairs. In 1854, when the Missouri Compromise
was repealed, Mr. Morton was one of the vast army
188
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
who left the Democratic party and united to stem the
tide of slavery aggression, and he became the leader
of the new party in his section of the State. He
attended the Pittsburgh Convention in 1856, and
actively participated in its discussions. On the first
of May of that year the new party met at Indianap-
olis to nominate a State ticket. Mr. Morton was
elected unanimously to head the ticket. His oppo-
nent was Hon. A. P. Willard, the idol of his party,
and who was regarded as the ablest sturap speaker in
the State. A joint canvass was arranged, nnd the
champion of the new party soon proved himself more
than a match for his opponent in debate. His strong,
logical arguments utterly drove his antagonist from
all his defenses. The election resulted in favor of
the Democrats, and Mr. Morton thousrht his polit-
ical career was ended. The Republican party grew
very rapidly between 185G and 1860. In the latter
year he accepted the second place on the ticket with
Hon. Henry S. Lane as its head. Ho throw himself
heart and soul into the canvass, and was everywhere
recognized as the most powerful debater in either
party. This time his party was successful.
The anticipated election of Mr. Lincoln as Presi-
dent had brought about threats of secession, and his
success was no sooner heralded than South Carolina
made haste to take herself, as she thought, out of the
Union. It was a critical time. All hearts feared the
Union was gone. The prevailing sentiment seemed
to be that there was no remedy for secession. The
Democrats held that there was no power to coerce a
State, and the leading Republicans were advocating
that the "wayward sister" should be permitted to de-
part in peace. There were stormy forebodings on all
sides. The idea of civil war was abhorrent, yet the
loyal people did not like the idea of having the Union
dismembered. In the midst of this general gloom
there came a lightning flash which electrified the
North and startled the South. On the 22d of No-
vember a monster meeting was held in Indianapolis to
ratify the election of Lincoln. The newly-elected
Governor Lane and others spoke. Their speeches
were of a conciliatory nature. At length Lieutenant-
Governor Morton arose, and in his very first words
the vast audience saw that the man had come with
the hour. There was no uncertainty with him. He
at the very outset announced that if the issue was to
be disunion and war, he was for war. It was a mo-
mentous occasion, and he felt that he was speaking
for the Republican party, and not alone for it, but for
the whole loyal element of the country, and his
measured words fell upon the air like the notes of a
bugle calling men to action. He discussed the right
of secession and the power to coerce, and gave to the
acts of South Carolinians an interpretation none be-
fore had been clear-sighted enough to see. On coer-
cion he said, —
"What is coercion but tlie enforcement of tlie law? Is any-
thing else intended or required? Secession or nullification can
only be regarded by the general government as individual
action upon individual responsibility. Those concerned in it
cannot intrench themselves behind the forms of the State gov-
ernment so as to give their conduct the semblance of legality,
and thus devolve the responsibility upon the State government,
which of itself is irresponsible. The Constitution and laws of
the United States operate upon individuals, but not upon St.ates,
and precisely as if there were no States. In this matter the
President has no discretion. He has taken a solemn oath to
enforce the laws and preserve order, and to this end he has been
made commander-in-chief of the army and navy. How can
he be absolved from responsibility thus devolved upon him by
the Constitution and his official oath?"
He demonstrated that there was no right of seces-
sion belonging to the States ; that they were parts of
a whole and could not dissolve the connection, and
that if they attempted to dissolve the Union force
must be employed. He said, —
"The right of secession conceded, the nation is dissolved.
Instead of having a nation, one mighty people, we have but a
collection and combination of thirty-three independent nnd
petty States, held together by a treaty which has hitherto been
called a Constitution, of the infraction of which each State is to
be the judge, and from which any State may withdraw at
pleasure. . . . The right of secession conceded, and the way to
do it having been shown to be safe and easy, the prestige of the
Republic gone, the national pride extinguished with the na-
tional idea, secession would become the remedy for every State
or sectional grievance, real or imaginary. ... -If South Caro-
lina gets out of the Union, I trust it will be at the point of the
bayonet, after our best efforts have failed to compel her to sub-
mission to the laws. Better concede her independence to force,
to revolution, than to right and principle. Such a concession
cannot be drawn into precedent and construed into an admis-
sion that we are but a combination of petty States, any one of
which has a right to secede and set up for herself whenever it
I
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
189
suits her tempei- or views of peculiar interest. Such a contest,
let it terminate as it may, would be a declaration to the other
States of the only terms upon which they would be permitted to
withdraw from the Union. . . . Shnll we now surrender the
nation without a struggle, and let the Union go with merely a
few hard words ? If it was worth a bloody struggle to establish
this nation, it is worth one to preserve it, and I trust that we
shall not, by surrendering with indeoeut haste, publish to the
world that the inheritance our fathers purchased with their
blood we have given up to save ours."
In concluding, he struck the key-note of the whole
in declaring and emphasizing that we are a nation
and not a combination of States. Upon this point
he said, —
"We must, then, cling to the idea that we are a nation, one
and indivisible, and that, although subdivided by State lines
for local and domestic purposes, we are but one people, the
citizens of a common country, having like institutions and
manners, and possessing a common interest in that inheritance
of glory so richly provided by our fathers. We must, therefore,
do no act, we must tolerate no act, we must concede no idea
or theory that looks to or involves the dismemberment of the
nation. . . . Seven years is but a day in the life of a nation,
and I woulrl rather come out of a struggle at the end of that
time, defeated in arms and conceding independence to success-
ful revolution, than to purchase present peace by the concession
of .a principle that must inevitably explode this nation into
small and dishonored fragments. . . . The whole question is
summed up in this proposition : ' Are we one nation, one peo-
]>Ie, or thirty-three nations, or thirty-three independent and
petty States ?* The statement of the proposition furnishes the
answer. If we are one nation, then no State has a right to
secede. Secession can only be the result of successful revolu-
tion. I answer the question for you, and I know that my
answer will find a true response in every true American heart,
that we are one people, one nation, undivided and indivisible."
This was the first time that resistance upon the
part of the North had been advocated. It touched
the popular chord everywhere. From that tiilie on
there was no hesitancy upon the part of the loyal
masses. Mr. Lincoln, when he read it, said that " it
covers the whole ground, and declares the policy of
the government." That speech made Mr. Morton a
leader in national politics.
On the 14th day of January, 1861, he took the
oath of office as president of the Senate. Two days
afterward Governor Lane resigned to take his seat in
the United States Senate, and Mr. Morton became
Governor of the State. The history of his adminis-
tration of the affairs of the State for six years has
become the foundation-stone of his fame. He every-
where became known as the great War Governor.
When the war came in April, as he had been the
first to predict that it would come, and the first to
crystallize the loyal sentiment of the North, so he was
the first to respond to the call of the President for
troops. At his word Indiana sprang to arms, and
thousands of her loyal sons answered the call of the
President for six regiments. Here was a chance for
his wonderful executive ability. Indiana, like the
other Northern States, was unprepared for war.
She had but few men in her borders who were
possessed of any military training. Volunteers were
plenty, but how to arm and equip them was the
trouble. Governor Morton was equal to the emer-
gency. He grasped the situation at a glance, and
seemed to be everywhere present, stirring and ani-
mating the citizens, bringing order out of chaos, and
reducing all to a system, so that in comparatively few
days Indiana was a vast military camp, and troops
were ready for the field. An agent was sent to the
leading manufacturers of the East and Canada to
purchase arms. He gave but few hours to sleep in
those days, but wore out his secretaries in continuous
labors. During the four years of the war this intense
strain was continued. A large number of the people
of his State were opposed to the war, and thousands
of them actively sympathized with the Rebellion.
These things added to his labors. He was the
youngest of all the loyal Governors, but so mani-
fest was his ability, so lofty his patriotism, so hope-
ful was he in the darkest hours, that all turned to
him for counsel. President Lincoln and his great
war secretary trusted him and leaned upon him as
they did upon no one else. He was often consulted
by the generals in the field, especially those in the
West, in regard to the movements of the army, and
he was always the first one appealed to for help and
reinforcements. No such appeal was ever made in
vain. Of the high opinion entertained of him and
his labors by the members of Mr. Lincoln's cabinet,
the following extract from a letter written by Hon.
S. P. Chase to Governor Morton in 1865, will evi-
dence. Mr. Chase wrote him a letter stating that,
1 in a conversation with Secretary Stanton the night
190
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
before, " we naturally, turning our minds to the i
past, fell to talking of you. We agreed that no
Governor rendered such services, or displayed such 1
courage or more ability in administration ; and we
agreed that your recent services were most meritor- i
ious of all, because rendered under circumstances of
greatest personal risk of health and life, and which
would have been by almost any man regarded, and
by all accepted, as good reasons for total inaction.
I have seldom heard Stanton express himself so
warmly."
As we said before, the war found the North unpre-
pared. In the autumn of 1861 he found that the
general government would be unable to supply the
men with overcoats in time to prevent suflFering from
the cold. He went to New York and purchased
twenty-nine thousand overcoats for the use of the
Indiana troops. The soldiers were his first care.
To relieve the sick and wounded he organized a sani-
tary commission, which afterwards was adopted by
the other States. To show his deep interest in the
soldiers, and the care he took of their interests, it
may be mentioned that during the siege of Vicks-
burg, when the army hospitals were full of sick and
wounded, he applied to the Secretary of War for per-
mission to remove the Indiana sick and wounded to
the North. The secretary declined to grant the per-
mission. Governor Morton declared his intention to
take the matter before the President. He did so,
and the result was a general order permitting not
only Indiana, but any other State to remove the sick
and wounded and care for them. Under the system
of relief inaugurated by him, Indiana collected and
disbursed over six hundred thousand dollars in money
and supplies.
In this short sketch we can do no more than
glance at his work as Governor. In 18t)2 the Dem-
ocrats elected a Legislature hostile to the war, and
efforts were made to cripple the Governor in the dis-
charge of his duties. They refused to make appro-
priations to carry on the State government and to
meet the interest on the public debt. Governor
Iilorton was undismayed. He went to New York,
and through the banking firm of Winslow, Lanier &
Co. and some of the counties of the State and a few
of the patriotic citizens, arranged for money for the
use of the State. He established a financial bureau
without authority of law, and in one year and nine
months he raised and paid out over a million of dol-
lars. Every dollar of this was paid out upon his own
check, and not a dollar was lost or misappropriated.
His extraordinary activity was well demonstrated
in 1862, during the invasion of Kentucky by Gens.
Bragg and Kirby Smith. These two active rebel gen-
erals had slipped around Gen. Buell and invaded
Kentucky, threatening both Louisville and Cincin-
nati. On the 17th of August, late at night, he re-
ceived a telegram that Kentucky had been invaded
at several points. Before night of the 18th one
regiment was mustered in, armed, and started for the
scene of action. During the night of the 18th four
more regiments were forwarded. On the morning of
the 19th some of the patriotic banks and citizens
advanced half a million dollars, and during the day
and night four more regiments were paid and sent
forward. By the 31st of August more than thirty
thousand troops had been armed and sent to the relief
of Kentucky. All this time the arsenal of the State
was employed day and night in the manufacture of
ammunition, making three hundred thousand rounds
daily, and all the river towns of the State were occu-
pied by the State militia. Ohio as well as Kentucky
wanted help. Cincinnati was threatened. Governor
Morton was called upon, and Indiana troops rushed
to the defense of her sister State. Ammunition was
wanted for the heavy guns being placed in position.
The mayor of Cincinnati and Committee of Defense
telegraphed to Columbus for a supply. They were
instructed to make out a requisition in due form and
have it approved by the commanding oflScer, and for-
ward it, and the ammunition would be supplied.
They then applied to Governor Morton. No requi-
sition was a.sked for, but the telegraph flashed back
the answer that in an hour a train would start; and
the train did so, bearing about four thousand rounds
for artillery and seven hundred and twenty tliou.sand
rounds for small-arms. In eight days Indiana sup-
plied thirty-three thousand rounds for artillery and
three million three hundred and sixty-five thousand
for small-arms, the entire amount having been made
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
191
at the State arsenal. For his services the Cincinnati
Common Council ordered his portrait painted and
placed in the City Hall, which was done with impos-
ing ceremonies.
In 1864, in the midst of a heated Presidential
canvass, the exposure came of the organization known
as the Knights of the Golden Circle, or Sons of Lib-
erty. This organization numbered fifty thousand
members in the State, and an uprising was planned.
Governor Morton had possessed himself of all their
secrets, and before they knew that they were even
suspected he dealt them a terrible blow and crushed
them. He ordered the arrest of the prominent leaders
of the movement, and so alarmed were the members
to find that their plots were known, and that they
were in the power of a man whose hatred of treason
was so intense, and who was so unrelenting in his
efforts to crush all disloyalty, that dismay seized
upon them and they stood bewildered, not knowing
what to expect. The trial and conviction of the
leaders is a part of the general history of the country.
Governor Morton was triumphantly elected to the
office of Governor in 1864, and the people placed a
loyal Legislature to help him. It was the grandest
political triumph ever achieved in this State. He
entered upon the new term filled with the same
ardor, the same resistless energy, the same tireless
activity. But the war soon closed. It brought no
relief to him from labor. But now came his greatest
trial. His labors had been incessant for more than
four years, the strain upon his nervous system had
been intense, and he was now to pay the penalty.
One morning in 1865 he awoke to find that paralysis
hail seized upon his left leg. This leg had been
injured by a fall, and the disease struck the weakest
spot. Overwork had stricken him down in the noon-
tide of his power, and just as he saw his fame ripen-
ing. He was advised to go to Europe and place him-
himsclf under medical treatment. He convoked the
Legislature in extra session. It assembled on the
14th of November, when he read a message wliich
surpassed all his others in the comprehensive manner
with which it treated of State and national policy.
Ho concluded it with the following eloquent tribute
to the American soldier :
" The war has established upon imperishable foundatioDS the
great fundamental truth of the unity and indivisibility of the
I nation. We are many States but one people, havinj; one undi-
j Tided sovereignty, one flag, and one common destiny. It has
i also established, to be confessed by all the world, the exalted
character of the American soldier, his matchless valor, his self-
sacrificing patriotism, his capacity to endure fatigues and
hardships, and his humanity, which, in the midst of carnage,
has wreathed his victorious achievements with a brighter glory.
He has taught the world a lesson before which it stands in
amazement, how, when the storm of battle had passed, he
could lay aside his arms, put ofT the habiliments of war, and
return with cheerfulness to the gentle pursuits of peace, and show
how the bravest of soldiers could become the best of citizens.
To the army and navy, under the favor of Providence, we owe
the preservation of our country, and the fact that we have to-
day a place, and the proudest place, among the nations. Let it
not be said of us, as it was said in olden time, ' that Republics
are ungrateful.' Let us honor the dead, cherish the living,
and preserve in immortal memory the deeds and virtues' of all,
as an inspiration for countless generations to come."
The parting scene was of the most aifecting char-
acter. Party lines were forgotten ; all recognized the
great services rendered by the stricken man, and all
joined in words of commendation and sympathy. Pew
States, few Legislatures, if any, ever witnessed such
a scene. None who were present will ever forget it.
It was a sublime as well as touching spectacle.
Early in December he sailed from New York, and
spent some time in France, Italy, and Switzerland,
but received little or no benefit from either travel or
treatment, and in March, 1866, he returned. He
gave himself no rest, but at once commenced the
preparations for the political campaign of that year.
He opened the campaign in a speech at Masonic Hall,
which has been pronounced the greatest political
speech ever made in America. It seemed as if he
had determined to crush his political opponents at the
outset of the campaign and render them powerless.
He employed all of his wonderful powers of logic to
arraign his opponents at the bar of public opinion
for what he considered their political failures. The
speech not only served as a basis for the platform of
his party, but for all other speeches during the cam-
paign. It lashed his enemies to fury, but it aroused
his party to the very highest pitch of enthusiasm.
Oliver P. Morton was twice elected a member of
the United States Senate by the Republicans, his first
192
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
term commencing on the 4th day of March, 1867,
and his second on the 4th day of March, 1873. The
limits of this sketch forbid anything like an attempt
at a history of his senatorial labors. During his ten
years of service he was foremost in all things, — in
debates, in party counsels, in labors. It is not in-
vidious to say of him that in labors he was more
abundant than any other, notwithstanding his physical
disability. He entered the Senate at a stirring time.
The war was ended, but the South was in a state of
chaos. What was to be done, and how to do it, were
the two questions uppermost in the minds of all.
There was an irreconcilable quarrel between Congress
and the President. At the very outset of his sena-
torial career, although it was his first legislative ex-
perience, he was given three important places. He
was made chairman of the Committee on Manufactures,
and a member of the Committee on Foreign Relations
and that of Military Affairs.
The first great question in which he took part was
that of reconstruction. He went into the Senate with
well-settled views upon this question. He had held
tenaciously to the idea that this was a nation, and he
insisted upon that on all occasions. He looked upon
treason as a crime deserving of punishment. He
could not be led to believe that those who had laid
down their arms after a four years' struggle to over-
throw the Government could safely be intrusted with
power until, at least, they had given evidence of
having renewed their allegiance. He was inspired
by no hatred of the people of the South ; it Was their
treason he hated. His first speech on this question
was an impromptu reply to Senator Doolittle, of Wis-
consin. In that speech, brief as it was, he outlined
his whole after-attitude on this question. He said, —
** The issue here to-day is the same which prevails through-
out the country, which will be the issue of this canvass, and
perhaps for years to come. It is between two paramount ideas,
each struggling for the supremacy. One is, that the war to
suppress the Rebellion was right and just on our part; that the
rebels forfeited their civil and political rights, which can
only be restored to them upon such conditions as the nation
may prescribe for its future safety and prosperity. The other
idea is, that the rebellion was not sinful, but was right; that
those engaged in it forfeited no rights, civil or political, and
have a right to take charge of their State governments, and be
restored to their representation in Congress, just as if there were
no rebellion and nothing bad occurred. The immediate issue
before the Senate now is between the existing State govern-
ments established under the President of the United States in
the rebel States and the plan of reconstruction presented by
Congress."
He then proceeded to demonstrate that Congress
had all the power that was necessary to formulate or
dictate to the States the kind of a constitution they
should adopt, and that it was in duty bound to insure
justice, security, and equality to all classes in the
South, and said, — •
'• Sir, when Congress entered upon this work it had become
apparent to all men that loyal republican State governments,
such as are required by the Constitution, could not be erected
and maintained upon the basis of the white population. We
had tried them. Congress had attempted the work of recon-
struction through the fourteenth constitutional amendment by
leaving the suffrage with the white men, and by leaving with
the white people of the South the question as to when the col-
ored people should exercise the right of suffrage, if ever; but
when it was found that those white men were as rebellious as
ever; when it was found that they persecuted the loyal men,
both white and black, in their midst; when it was found that
Northern men who had gone down there were driven out by
social tyranny, by a thousand annoyances, by the insecurity of
life and property, then it became apparent to all men of intel-
ligence that reconstruction could not take place upon the basis
of the white population, and something else must be done.
Now, sir, what was then left to do ? Either we must hold these
people continually by military power or we must use such ma-
chinery on such a new basis as would enable loyal republican
governments to be raised up : and in the last result I will say
Congress waited long, the nation waited long, — experience had
to come to the rescue of reason before the thing was done. In
the last resort, and as the last thing to be done. Congress deter-
mined to dig through all the rubbish, dig through the soil and
the shifting sands, and go down to the eternal rock, and there,
upon the basis of the everlasting principle of equal and exact
justice to all men, we have planted the column of reconstruc-
tion ; and, sir, it will rise, slowly but surely, and * the gates of
hell sh:ill not prevail against it.' "
On the charge of inconsistency on the subject of
negro suffrage he said, —
"Why, sir, let me frankly say to my friend from Wisconsin
that I approached universal colored suffrage in the South re-
luctantly. Not because I adhered to the miserable dogma that
this was the white man's government, hut because I entertained
fears about at once intrusting a large body of men just from
slavery — to whom education had been denied by law, to whom
the marriage relation had been denied, who had been made the
most abject slaves — with political power. And the senator
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
193
has referred to a speech which I made in Indiana in 1865.
Allow me to show the principle which then actuated me, for in
that speech I said, ' In regard to the question of admitting the
freeduien of the Southern States to vote, while I admit the
equal rights of all men, and that in time all men will have the
right to vote, without distinction of color or race, I yet believe
that in the case of four million slaves just freed from bondage
there should be a period of probation and preparation before
they are brought to the exercise of political power.' Such was
my feeling at that time, for it had not then been determined by
the bloody experience of the past two years that we could not
reconstruct upon the basis of the white population, and such
was the opinion of a great majority of the people of the
North. ... I confess (and I do it without shame) that I have
been educated by the great events of the war. The American
people have been educated rapidly ; and the man that says he
has learned nothing, that he stands now where did six years
ago, is like an ancient mile-post by the side of a deserted high-
way."
He concluded as follows :
"The column of reconstruction has risen slowly. It has not
been hewn from a single stone. It is composed of many blocks,
painfully laid up and put together, and cemented by the tears
and blood of the nation. Sir, we have done nothing arbitrarily.
We have done nothing for punishment — aye, too little for pun-
ishment. Justice has not had her demand. Not a man has yet
been executed for this great treason. The arch-fiend himself is
now at liberty upon bail. No man is to be punished; and now
while punishment has gone by, as we all know, we are insisting
only upon security for the future. We are simply asking that
the evil spirits who brought this war upon us shall not again
come into power during this generation, again to bring upon us
rebellion and calamity. We are simply asking for those secu-
rities that we deem necessary for our peace and the peace of our
posterity.*'
To Senator Morton more tlian to any other man
is due the credit of the adoption of the fifteenth
amendment. He was bold and aggressive in his ad-
vocacy of this important measure, designed as it was
to secure to the colored man the right of suffrage.
It was opposed by Senator Sumner and some other
Republican members, but Mr. Morton led in the de-
bate and carried the measure triumphantly through.
He met all arguments, repelled all assaults, held the
friends of the amendment together until the final
vote was taken. Nor did his labors end with its
adoption by Congress. It had to be ratified by the
States. The Democratic members of the Indiana
Legislature resigned to defeat its ratification. Sen-
ator Morton reached Indianapolis the morning the
13
resignations were banded in. He sent word to the
Republican members not to adjourn, but take a recess
and meet him. He then showed them the resigna-
tions did not break a quorum, and demonstrated that
they had the power to ratify the amendment. They
acted in accordance with his wishes, and the work
was done, to the amazement of the Democrats. Still
States were wanted. Senator Morton was equal to
the emergency. A bill was introduced providing for
the reconstruction of Mississippi, Texas, and Vir-
ginia. He seized the opportunity and ofiered an
amendment providing that before these States should
be admitted to representation in Congress they should
ratifiy the proposed fifteenth amendment. The
amendment was referred to the Committee on Judi-
ciary. An adverse report was made by Senator
Trumbull, chairman of the committee. Senator
Morton still adhered to his amendment, and, after
a debate lasting three days, was successful. This
was one of the most remarkable debates of the
Senate. Still another State was wanted, and again
Senator Morton led in the work of securing it. He
introduced a bill authorizing the military commander
of Georgia to call the Legislature of that State to-
gether, including the colored members who had been
expelled the year before, and empowering the Legis-
lature to reconstruct that State, by electing two
United States senators, after ratifying the fifteenth
amendment. Again the Judiciary Committee an-
tagonized him, but again he triumphed, and the
fifteenth amendment became a part of the Consti-
tution, and stands to-day a monument of his love of
justice and his powers as a leader, more enduring
than brass or marble.
Space will not permit the dwelling on his labors in
the great kuklux debates and other similar measures,
but in all he took a leading part, and upon all he left
the impress of his lofty and unyielding patriotism.
As chairman of the Committee on Elections and
Privileges he rendered signal service. All questions
that came before him were treated with the utmost
fairness, and stern justice ruled in the decisions of his
committee. One notable instance of this- kind was
his action in regard to the election of Caldwell as
senator from Kansas. It was evident that his election
194
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
had been procured by corrupt means. Senator Mor-
ton held that he should be expelled from the Senate
as unworthy a seat in that body. The friends of
Caldwell plead to have the election simply declared
void. Mr. Morton would not listen. His sense of
justice had been outraged and he felt that American
politics needed purifying, and insisted on expulsion,
and to save himself from that the Kansas senator
resigned. With fraud, force, or corruption he had
no patience, and he would neither listen to the plead-
ings of friends of the accused, nor pay heed to their
threats. He believed in the right and had the cour-
age to at all times and under all circumstances to
maintain his beliefs.
In 1873 he delivered a speech in the Senate, which
in the light of later events looks almost like prophecy.
The question under discussion was a resolution in-
structing the Committee on Privileges and Elections
to report upon the best and most practicable mode of
electing a President and Vice-President, and provid-
ing a tribunal to adjust and decide all contested
elections connected therewith. Senator Morton took
strong grounds in favor of doing away with the
Electoral College and electing a President by the
direct vote of the people. In the course of that
speech, in regard to the dangers of the present
system, he said, — ■
" There is imminent danger of revolution to the nation when-
ever the result of a Presidential election is to be determined by
the vote of a State in which the choice of electors has been
irregular, or is alleged to have been carried by fraud or vio-
lence, and where there is no method of having these questions
examined and settled in advance; where the choice of Presi-
dent depends upim the election in a .State which has been
publicly characterized by fraud or violence, and in which one
party is alleged to have triumphed and secured the certificates
of election by chicanery or the fraudulent interposition of courts.
If the system of electoral colleges is to be continued, some
means should be devised by which the election of these electors
in the States may be contested, so that if it has been controlled
by fraud or violence, or if there be two sets of electors, each
claiming the right to cast the vote of a State, there may be 1
some machinery or tribunal provided by which fraudulent re-
turns could be set aside or corrected, and the contending claims
of different sets of electors be settled in advance of the time
when the vote is to be finally counted, and by which the Presi-
dent of the Senate may no longer be left to exercise the
dangerous powers that seem to be placed in his hands by the
Constitution, nor the two houses of Congress by the twenty-
second joint rule."
Could he have been given the power to look into
the future only three years he could not have been
able to better portray the dangers that were before us
as a nation. This was one of his great powers, — to
discern the .signs of the times, and see the pitfalls
and the rocks that lay hidden from view. It was
this power which stamped him before all other Amer-
icans, a wise statesman.
It was Morton that gave to us the civil rights bill,
which were intended to make good the promises of
the nation to the colored men, — that they should
have equal and exact justice with all races. That
they have since failed was no fault of his.
In the Senate he left the stamp of his individuality
upon all legislation. He was the moving spirit, the
leader, the one upon whom all relied. There was no
question of public moment too small for his attention ;
but his mind grasped all, his wisdom foresaw all, and
as fitr as pos.sible he attempted to warn and to guide
the country that it might avoid the danger he saw
before it. He spoke often in the Senate, but always
with effect, and was listened to with the utmost at-
tention, for it soon became recognized that when he
summed up the arguments there was little or nothing
left to be said. When defeated, as he sometimes was,
he at once accepted the situation, but never despaired.
His fertility of resource was wonderful, his industry
was prodigious. The last stroke, which ended eventu-
ally his life, came while in the discharge of his sena-
torial duties, and though not in his place at the cap-
itol, yet, like John Quincy Adams, he died in the
harness. In 1877 the Senate ordered an investigation
into the case of Senator Grover, of Oregon, who was
charged with having secured his election to the Senate
through corrupt means. This duty devolved upon
the Committee on Privileges and Elections, of which
Senator Morton was chairman. It was neces-^ary to
go across the continent to Oregon. Senator Morton,
though physically feeble and worn out by his incessant
labors, did not hesitate to undertake the long and tire-
some journey, in company with Senators Saulsbury,
of Delaware, and McMillan, of Minnesota.
During the entire trip to San Francisco he was
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
195
much prostrated, but the sea-voyage to Portland,
Oregon, seemed to do him good. The investigation
lasted eighteen days, during which he labored inces-
santly, and the sessions of the committee were some-
times prolonged late into the night. This labor nearly
broke down the other members of the committee, but
it seemed the iron will of Senator Morton rose above
every trial, for, in addition to his work on the com-
mittee, he prepared an elaborate political speech to be
used in the approaching Ohio campaign. At the con-
clusion of the investigation he addres.sed the people
of Salem in a speech of considerable length, which
was pronounced the ablest speech ever beard in the
State.
He arrived in San Francisco on his return home
early in August, and on the 6th received his second
stroke of paralysis. By morning his entire left side
was paralyzed. We take the following account of
his journey home and the closing scenes from a
sketch written by Hon. C. M. Walker:
" NotwithstandiDg his alarming condition he insisted upon
starting liome the next day, and accordingly a special car was
furnished, in which a cot was provided and the best arrange-
ments possible made for his comfort. Then, on the 7th of
August, accompanied, as usual, by his wife and son, he started
from San Francisco for his Indiana home. During this long
journey, though he was very much depressed and even feared
he would not reach home to die, he uttered not a word of com-
plaint, but bore his affliction in heroic silence. At Cheyenne,
W. T., he was met by his brother-in-law, Col. W. R. Holloway,
who thenceforward was a constant attendant at his bedside,
and at Peoria, 111., Dr. W. C. Thompson, the senator's long-
time physician, joined the sad party. His house in Indian-
apolis not being prepared for his reception, he was taken to
Richmond, Wayne Co., and to the residence of his mother-
in law, Mrs. Burbank, in that city. Here he was at once made
as comfortable as his condition would permit, and had every
attention that medical skill or loving affection could devise.
The news of his attack had already spread abroad, and, al-
though as yet his friends did not think it would prove fatal,
the greatej^t concern was man! Tested throughout the country.
Letters and telegrams poured in from all parts, and this con-
tinued during his entire illness. Many distinguished men
visited him, and a still larger number sent messages of love
and sympathy. On the 1 3th of September the President of
the United States visited Richmond for the express purpose
of calling on the sick senator. The meeting between them
was simple but affecting. The great war Governor and dis-
tinguished senator lay stretched upon his bed broken, ema-
ciated, and almost helpless. His once massive features were
pinched with pain, and the eyes that had flashed fire in so
many contests were dimmed by sickness and by the medi-
cines taken to alleviate his sufl"crings. Approaching the bed,
the President pressed the senator's extended hand warmly,
and then, bending over, kissed him on the forehead. Tho
interview wns necessarily brief, and after a few words of
earnest sympathy from the President, In which ho said he
spoke for the country as well as for himself, he retired from
the room evidently much afiected. In this interview Senator
Morton assured the President that he would bo in his seat in
the Senate at the opening of the regular session of Congress
in December. Such was doubtless his expectation at the
time, but it was not to be realized.
"On the evening of the 15th of October he was placed in a
special car and removed to his home in Indianapolis. This
short trip seemed to do him some good, and the hope of his
recovery, at least sufficiently to take his seat in the Senate, was
strengthened. During the following weeks Col. Holloway and
other friends were unremitting in their attentions, and nothing
was left undone either to prolong his life or mitigate his sufl'er-
Ings. All this time he took a lively interest in current afl"airs,
and ei'pecially in what was passing in the political world. He
wanted the papers read to him during nearly every waking
moment, and even at night, waking from a short sleep, his
first exclamation was ' Read.* If the reader stopped a moment
to rest or for any other purpose, he would say, ' Read on ! Don't
stop till I tell you.' So absorbing was his interest in public
afl'airs, and his desire to keep up with current events. Mean-
while it had become apparent that his vital forces were giving
way, and that he could not last much longer. For many days,
even weeks, he took no nourishment except milk, or occa-
sionally a little bL*ef-tea, and even these were not digested.
The paralysis seemed to have reached bis stomach, and all
natural action was destroyed. Still his mind continued active
and clear, and when friends visited bis bedside he would wel-
come them with a pleasant smile and grasp of the hand. As
long as there was the slightest ground for hope those nearest to
him clung to the belief that he would recover, but from Tuesday,
October 30th, it became evident to all that his case was hopeless.
His symptoms on that day were such as to make it plain that
his end was drawing near. During the 31st his death was
hourly expected, and several times the rumor went abroad that
he was dead. A great many telegrams were received from all
parts of the country, inquiring if thrse rumors were true, and
asking for information as to his condition. Thursday, Novem-
ber 1, 1877, dawned gloomily. The dull, gray light that first
found admittance to the sick-room fell upon a dying man,
though the end was yet some hours distant. During the day
he lay very quietly, only making known his wants in broken
accents. A number of friends were in and out of the room
during the day, and his wife and family remained ntar the
bedside. In the afternoon he sank rapidly. At 4.45 o'clock
he had a paroxysm of pain, and passing his hand over his
stomach, said feebly, ' I am dying.' A little later his youngest
196
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
son, taking his hand, said, 'Father, do you know me?' He
nodded an assent, and gave signs of satisfaction when his son
and other members of the family kissed him. A few minutes
after five o'clock, while Dr. Thompson was holding his hand, he
said, ' I am dying ; I am worn out.' These were the last
audible words he uttered. Then he ceased to move, and at
twenty-eight minutes past five o'clock the vital spark went
out, and his great life was at an end.
" The news of Senator Morton's death caused a profound
sensation throughout the country. Although the event had
been anticipated for several days, it came as a shock at last,
and created a sorrow so deep and wide-spread that it could only
be compared to that caused by the tragic death of Abraham
Lincoln. Fhigs were displayed at half-mast, and bells were
tolled throughout the land. Men gathered on the street cor-
ners, and discussed the event as a national calamity. The
President of the United States issued a special order directing
the flags on all the public buildings to be placed at half-mast,
and the government departments to bo closed on the day of the
funeral. He also sent a telegram to W. R. Hoiloway, expres-
sive of his personal bereavement, and his sympathy for the
surviving family of the departed statesman. The Vice-Presi-
dent of the United States sent a similar dispatch. The cabinet
met, and gave expression to their deep sense of the nation's
loss. The Senate and the House of Representatives each ap-
pointed committees to attend the funeral, and both adjourned
as a further mark of respect to his memory. The Governor of
Indiana and the mayor of Indianapolis issued proclamations
closing public offices, and calling upon citizens to suspend busi-
ness during the funeral services. The bells of Indianapolis
were tolled and the City Council met, and, after passing me-
morial resolutions, resolved to attend the funeral in a body.
The City Council of Cincinnati met, and appointed a committee
to attend the funeral. Citizens' meetings were held in all the
large towns of the State, and appropriate action taken in regard
to the sad event. The State University and the public schools
of Indianapolis were ordered to be closed on the day of the
funeral. The Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections,
of which Senator Morton was chairman, met, and having passed
a resolution of s3-mpathy and condolence, adjourned in honor
of his memory. The members of the bar of Indianapolis and
other cities met and took appropriate action. In many of
the country towns throughout the State the court-houses were
draped in mourning and business was suspended. The press
teemed with elaborate articles upon his character and public
services, and agreed with remarkable unanimity that the coun-
try had lost one of its greatest men. Military companies and
social organizations of various kinds met and determined to
attend the funeral. Thus in all directions, and by every means
known to modern society, men gave expression to their pro-
found sorrow, and to the respect and afl"ection which they bore
for the deceased.
"There being a general desire on the part of the public to
view the remains of the departed statesman, they were
in the main hall of the court-house at Indianapolis, where they
lay in state during Sunday and part of Monday. During this
time they were viewed by many thousands of persons who came
from afar and near to take a last look at one who had filled so
large a place in the history of the country. Special trains
were run on several of the railroads, bringing a great number
of persons to the city, and the solemn procession which passed
through the court-house during those days had seemingly no
end.
''The funeral, which took place Monday, November 5th, was
a grand and imposing pageant, — solemn, impressive, and mem-
orable. A vast concourse of people was assembled from all
parts of the country. Every branch of the federal government
was represented. The President, being unable to attend, sent
his son to represent him. Of the cabinet officers. Secretary
Thompson, of the navy, and Attorney-General Devens were
present. On the part of the Senate of the United States there
were Senators McDonald, of Indiana, Davis, of Illinois, Bay-
ard, of Delaware, Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Burnside, of
Rhode Island, and Booth, of California. On the part of the
House of Representatives there were Representatives Hanna
and Cobb, of Indiana, Banks, of Massachusetts, Townsend, of
New York, Wilson, of West Virginia, Burchai-d, of Illinois, and
Davidson, of Florida. The judiciary department was repre-
sented by federal judges from several neighboring States, and
the army bj' a number of officers. Besides these, there were
a great number of distinguished citizens from all parts of Indi-
ana, Governors, ex-Governors, and representative men from
other States, numerous military companies and delegates from
civil societies, and thousands of his neighbors who knew and
loved him."
It would not be proper or just to close this short
sketch without referring, at least in a brief way, to
the political services of Senator Morton other than
those directly connected with his labors in the Sen-
ate and as Governor of Indiana, and to touch upon
the general characteristics of the man.
Great as was his work in both of the high offices
to which the people elevated him, his labors in the
general field of politics were no less prodigious.
From 1856, when he first entered politics, until
death claimed him, his voice and pen were never
idle. In every political contest he was foremost in
the fight, and the downtrodden and oppressed were
always his care. Not only did he engage in the po-
litical battles in his own State, but in almost every
State of the North he sent forth the bugle-call which
rallied the forces of republicanism. Few men made
more stump speeches than he, and none ever carried
such weight. In Indiana, during each campaign, he
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
197
spoke incessantly, and he always knew how to touch
the popular chord of patriotism. He not only spoke,
but hundreds of editorials from his pen found their
way into the columns of the leading; papers. His
political speeches, if collected and published, would
make a political history of the country in its great
struggle unequaled. He was always ready to answer
the calls of his party. His devotion to bis party was
witnessed by his declining the English mission.
President Grant was desirous of concluding a treaty
with Great Britain on the subject of the depredations
of the rebel cruisers, and urged Senator Morton to
undertake the mission. He was inclined to accept it,
but the Legislature of Indiana was controlled by the
Democrats, and he declined. President Grant wrote
to him as follows :
*' ExEcoTivE Mansion,
"Washington, D. C, October 21st.
" Hon. 0. P. Morton, U. S. S.
" Dear Sir,— Yoar letter of the 19th inst., declining the Eng-
lish mission, with reasons therefor, is received. I fully concur
with you in all the reasons which you give for the course you
find it your duty to pursue in the matter, but regret that the
country is not to have your valuable services at the English
Court at this important juncture. Your course, however, I
deem wise, and it will be highly appreciated by your constitu-
ents in Indiana and throughout the country.
" With assurances of my highest regard, I remain, very
truly, your obedient servant,
"TJ. S. Grant."
It is difficult to justly sum up the character of such
a man. He was a born leader, and no sooner did he
enter political life than he took the leadership of his
party and maintained it until his death. He was a
man of strong will, indomitable energy, and untiring
industry, and was possessed of moral and physical
courage which approached the sublime. As a party
leader and organizer he has had no equal. The uni-
versal testimony of those who were with him in the
Senate is to the effect that America has never pro-
duced a party leader who could even lay claim to
rival him. He was strong because he was always in
earnest ; because he never forgot a friend ; because
he was ever ready to meet a foe. He always mastered
his subject, and never undertook to discuss it until he
had thoroughly studied every phase of it. It was
this that gave him such great power with an audience.
His mind was of an analytical order, and when he
spoke his sentences were terse, logical, and oftentimes
eloquent. There was little or no fancy about him,
and he rather despised those fancy flights of oratory
by which some men endeavor to capture their audi-
ences. He dealt with facts, and he dealt with them
as living things. While he was often severe and even
terrible in his denunciation or arraignment of his op-
ponents, he never was personal, but always calm, dig-
nified, urbane. To illustrate this we cannot do better
than quote a paragraph from a letter written by
Senator Jones, of Florida, to the Morton Monument
Association. He says, —
" He was one of the few public men of eminence who was
strong enough in all the resources of legitimate argument so aa
never to feel the necessity or entertain the inclination of resort-
ing to personal vituperation in the discussions of the Senate.
He attacked communities, States, and parties at times with
great vigor, but, in the language of Mr. Grattan, * ho knew how
to be severe without being unparliamentary.' "
His patriotism was something sublime. He loved
the country, the whole country, with a devotion that
knew no shrinking, and to it he gave heart, soul,
everything. He clung to the idea that we are a
nation with a tenacity that forced conviction upon
every mind he addressed. It was the burden of
nearly all his speeches. He labored to impress this
ruling idea upon the people, for to him it was the
key of our whole political system. To his mind it
embraced the true conception of our government,
and the only one upon which the Union could safely
rest. To him the idea that we were but a mere con-
federation of States was abhorrent. In it he saw
future disaster and ruin. In May, 1860, he wrote, —
" It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the public mind
that we are one people, a nation, and not a mere coalition of
sovereign and independent States."
In 1865 he said,—
"The war has established upon imperishable foundations
the great fundamental truth of the unity and indivisibility of
the nation. We are many States, but one people; having an
undivided sovereignty, one flag, one common destiny."
In 1871, at Providence, R. I., he said, —
" The idea that we are a nation, that we are one people,
undivided and indivisible, should be a plank in the platform
198
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of every party. It should be presented on the banner of every
party. It should be taught in every school, academy, and
college. It should be the political north star by which every
political manager should steer his bark. It should be the
central idea of American politics, and every child should, so to
speak, be vaccinated with the idea that he may be protected
against this political distemper which has brought such
calamity upon our country."
In Ohio, in 1873, he said, —
" What the sun is in the heavens, diffusing light and life
and warmth, and by its subtle influence holding the planetii
in their orbits, and preserving the harmony of the universe,
such is the sentiment of nationality in a people ditfusing life
and protection in every direction, holding the faces of Ameri-
cans always toward their home, protecting the States in the
exercise of their just powers, and preserving the harmony of
all. We must have a nation. It is a necessity of our political
existence. We should cherish the idea that while the States
hare their rights, sacred and inviolable, which we should
guard with untiring vigilance, never permitting an encroach-
ment upon them, and remembering that such encroachment
is as much a violation of the Constitution of the United States
as to encroach upon the rights of the general government ;
still bearing in mind that the States are but subordinate parts
of one great nation, — that the nation is over all, even as God
is over the universe."
We might multiply such quotations, for they crop
out everywhere in his speeches and writings.
He hated treason with all the power he had, and
he would stamp it out as a poison that if left alone
would kill the body and soul of the nation. He was
unsparing in his denunciation of the foul crime, and
was often accused of hating the South. His feelings
in this matter are best expressed in his own language.
On Decoration Day, 1877, in the last speech he ever
made in his own State, he said, —
" We will let by-gones be by-gones. We cannot forget the
past; we ought not forget it. God has planted memory in our
minds and we cannot blot it out. But while we cannot forget,
yet we can forgive, and we will forgive all who accept the great
doctrines of equal liberty and of equal rights to all, and equal
protection to all, and will be reconciled to them. And while
we cannot forget the past, we will treat them as if the past had
never occurred, and that is all that can be asked ; and that is
true reconciliation. True reconciliation does not require us to
forget these deadj does not require us to forget the living sol-
dier and to cease to do him justice. We must remember that
there is an eternal difference between right and wrong, and that
we were on the right side and that they were on the wrong side;
and all that we ask of them is that hereafter they shall be on the
right side. We should forever remember that we were in the
right. We want to transmit that as a sacred inheritance to our
remotest posterity. We know that in that great struggle we
were in the right. We were grandly in the right and they
were terribly in the wrong. The whole civilized world has now
said that we were in the right, and we know if there is such a
thing as right and wrong, we were in the right and they were
in the wrong. We want that grand distinction to pass down
through all time ; but that is entirely consistent with true recon-
ciliation. We say to those who were on the other side of that
great contest that cost so dearly in blood and treasure, that cost
us so much suffering and sacrifice, that while we shall forever
cherish the lessons that were taught us by that struggle, and
while we shall forever stand by the principles that we main-
tained in that contest, all we ask of them is that they shall
hereafter stand upon those principles, and let us go forward
hand in hand and as Americans and as brethren through all the
future pages of our country's history."
He was possessed of moral courage that few public
men obtain to, and a physical courage which almost
amounted to an insensibility to personal danger. The
first was exhibited often by the stand he took upon
great public questions, regardless of what clamor
there might be from political friends or foes. Mak-
ing up his mind that a thing was right, it mattered
not what all the world might say or do, he stood
like a rock. He was ambitious, and yet for popu-
larity's sake he would not desert a right. One of
the greatest acts of his life was when, as it appeared
to his friends, he closed the doors against all hopes
of reaching the Presidency by the stand he took in
favor of the Chinese immigrants. He was an open
candidate for that high office. To speak for the
Mongolian was, seemingly, to espouse a cause so un-
popular as to be political death. He did not hesitate
a moment. He believed he was right, and with all
his power he took up the cause of the Chinese. The
fear of being called inconsistent often keeps public
men from changing their ideas of public policy. It
was not so with Mr. Morton. He had the courage
of his convictions. His physical courage might be
illustrated by numerous incidents, but one must
suffice, and we tell it as it was narrated by Governor
Porter, who was a witness to it. In his earlier years
as an attorney Mr. Morton appeared in a case of
some magnitude at Indianapolis. One of the oppos-
ing lawyers was of the flre-eating kind, and had a
reputation as one who was ready to use his revolver.
During the trial he was exceedingly ugly, and ap-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
191)
peared in court with his pistol ostentatiously dis-
played, and had succeeded in cowing the other attor-
neys. Finally, Mr. Morton administered to him a
scathing rebuke. As he took his seat the subject of
his rebuke arose and said to those near him that he
intended to make Morton apologize then and there.
All expected a tragedy. Few knew anything of Mr.
Morton. He went to where Mr. Morton was sitting
and said, in an insulting tone, " I have come to
demand an apology from you." Quick as a flash
Mr. Morton turned upon him, and looking him
steadily in the eyes, said, in a tone sharp and clear,
" I have no apology to make to you," and then de-
liberately repeated the offensive remark. He had
met a man that knew no fear, and was cowed com-
pletely.
Mr. Morton was simple in his tastes ; honest in
the strictest sense of the word. No taint of corrup-
tion ever lingered near him. He loved his home,
his family, his friends, and they clung to him with a
devotion equal to his love. His nature was kind and
sympathetic. The cry of the suffering or sorrowing j
always found an echo in his heart. The cares of j
state often absorbed him to such a degree that he :
forgot himself, his own physical weakness, his own
wants, but never so that he forgot his home or family, i
and he always turned to them for rest. When in the i
bosom of his family he was as simple as a child. |
His children were especially dear to him, and amid
all the cares of state he thought of them and en-
deavored to guide their young minds into the paths
of honor. Few men in the height of power would
write to their children so simple, so loving, and yet so
grand a letter as the following :
*' Washingto.v, January 1, 1871.
" Mij Dear Ck!Uh-en,—Th\s is the Brst day of the New Year,
and here it is briglit and cheerful and warm, and everybody
seems happy. Tour mother is as well as usual, and sends her
love to you, and her heartfelt wishes for your health and for
your future happiness and success in life. You can never know
the depth of a mother's love, — how constantly you are in her
thoughts, her anxiety about you from day to day, and what
sacrifices she would make for you. We have been talking about
you, and wondering what you are doing, and hoping you will
make great progress in your studies during the year which has
just come in. One year is a great portion of one's lifetime.
Much may be done in one year in getting an education and
fitting yourself for the duties of lifo. Lost time can never be
recalled, and cannot be made up. Each year should show a
great deal learned, and great improvement in the manners and
characters of my dear children.
"My great anxiety and desire are about my little boys. I
am constantly wondering what they will be when they grow up
to be men. Will they be learned, talented, good, prosperous,
and an honor to their parents and country ? Such is my daily
prayer. We hope you think of us, and love us, and think of
your dear absent brother, who is so far away on a lonely island
in the Northern Sea. You must constantly remember him in
your prayers, that he may be preserved in health, and be pros-
perous and be safely returned to us during the year.
" Your mother will return to you in a few days, and in the
mean time you must not neglect your books, and show to her
that you can be dutiful and studious in her absence.
" And now I wish you a happy New Year, and may God bless
you and preserve you, is the prayer of your loving father,
'' 0. P. Morton."
There was no love of pomp in his nature, and he
was always accessible to the people, the poor equally
with the rich. He gave to the country seventeen
years of his life, and wore himself out and died a
poor man, as he had lived. His last audible words
expressed it all, " I am worn out." Yes, he had worn
himself out.
The people of Indiana have raised in the Circle
Park of Indianapolis a bronze statue of the great war
Governor and senator, but his greatest monument
lives in the pages of the Constitution and laws of his
country, and in the doctrines of patriotism he incul-
cated and enforced.
Hon. Thomas A. Hendricks was born Sept. 7,
1819, on a farm near Zanesville, Muskingum Co.,
Ohio, his father, John Hendricks, having been a
native of Western Pennsylvania. The family was
one of the first to settle in Ligonier Valley, West-
moreland Co., and took an active part in the admin-
istration of public affairs, serving with honor in the
Legislature and other places of trust. The mother,
Jane Thomson Hendricks, was of Scotch descent.
Her grandfather, John Thomson, emigrated to Penn-
sylvania before the Revolution, and was conspicuous
among the pioneers of that date for his intelligence,
integrity, enterprise, love of country, and far-reaching
good-will to men. As soon as assured of the wisdom
of emigration, he addressed a letter to the Scotch
people setting forth the advantages of American soil,
200
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
climate, and institutions so forcibly that the section
of the State where he lived was principally settled by
his countrymen. Several of his sons were soldiers
in the Revolutionary war, and many of bis descend-
ants have attained distinction in the different walks
of life. Beside those bearing his name, may be men-
tioned the Agnews, of New York, the Blacks and
Watsons, of Pittsburgh, the Wylies, of Philadelphia,
and the Hendrickses, of Indiana. The wife of John
Hendricks and her niece are the only members of the
Thomson family who emigrated West. In nearly
every branch of the family the pioneer Calvinistic
faith of the Thomsons is still maintained. When
Thomas A. Hendricks was six months old his parents
removed from Ohio to Madison, Ind. This was the
home of William Hendricks, that uncle of Thomas A.
who in indirect line preceded him in the enjoyment
of his signal tokens of public confidence and respect.
He was then a member of Congress, three years sub-
sequently he was elected Governor, and at the end of
the term was chosen to the United States Senate.
All of these positions he filled acceptably. He was
indeed the first representative in Congress who
brought the State into favorable repute. John, the
father of Thomas A., had some share of government
patronage. He held the appointment of deputy sur-
veyor of public land under Gen. Jackson, and in that
capacity became generally known and respected. As
early as 1822 he removed with his family to the
interior of the State, and held the first title to the
fine land upon a portion of which Shelbyville, the
county-seat of Shelby County, is located. In the
heart of the dense forest, upon a gentle eminence i
overlooking the beautiful valley, he built the sightly i
and commodious brick homestead which yet stands in [
good preservation in open view of the thriving city [
and richly cultivated country around. It soon be- i
came known as a centre of learning and social de-
light, and was the favorite resort of men of distinc- I
1
tion and worth. It was in particular the seat of i
hospitality to the orthodox ministry, Mr. Hendricks
being the principal founder and supporter of the
Presbyterian Church in the community. The pre-
siding genius of that home was the gentle wife and
mother, who tempered the atmosphere of learning i
and zeal with the sweet influences of charity and
love. Essentially clever and persistent, she was pos-
sessed of a rare quality of patience, which stood her
in better stead than a- turbulent, aggressive spirit. A
close analysis of the character of Thomas A. Hen-
dricks is not necessary to show that this trait was
pre-eminently his birthright. It is thus apparent
that the childhood and youth of Mr. Hendricks were
passed under the happiest auspices. Together with
his brothers and sisters he attended the village school
and derived the full benefit of very respectable and
thorough instruction. His senior brother, Abram,
pursued college studies at the University of Ohio, and
at South Hanover, Ind., and subsequently became
a minister of the Presbyterian Church. In turn
Thomas A. attended college at South Hanover, and
then began the study of law at home under the
advice and instruction of Judge Major. In so doing
he followed the bent of his early and most cherished
inclinations. In boyhood he developed a fondness
for legal discussions, and when but twelve years of
age attended the hearing of important cases in the
courts. The final period of law study he prosecuted
under the tuition of his uncle, Judge Thomson, of
Chambersburg, Pa., and was admitted to the bar at
Shelbyville. His success was not rapid, but he grew
in favor by careful attention to business, and acquired
a leading practice. His professional career has since
been so interwoven with official life that it is next to
impossible to refer to one without speaking of the
other. In 1848 he was elected to the Legislature,
and declined a renomination. In 1850 he was chosen
without opposition senatorial delegate to the conven-
tion empowered to amend the State Constitution, and
took an important part in the deliberative proceed-
ings. In 1851 he was elected to Congress from the
Indianapolis district, and re-elected in 1852, but
defeated in 1854. He was in 1855 appointed com-
missioner of the general land office by President
Pierce. This mark of executive favor was expected,
and the wisdom of the selection proved by the able
and satisfactory manner in which the duties were
discharged at a time when the sales, entries, and
grants were larger than ever before in the history of
the country. The term of four years in the land office
y\^. ^ AAt-w-L o^^v- cA-s^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
201
was followed by an unsuccessful race for Governor in
1860. In 1862 he was chosen United States senator
by the unanimous vote of his party, and during the
period of his term in the Senate, the Democrats
being in a small minority, he was compelled to take a
prominent part in the proceedings of that body. He
favored the earnest prosecution of the war, and
voted for supplies to sustain the army. He was op-
posed to conscription, and favored the enlistment of
volunteers and payment of soldiers' bounties. At the
close of the war he held that the States engaged in
rebellion had at no time been out of the Union, and
were therefore entitled to full representation in Con-
gress. He maintained that the people of those States
should have entire control of their respective State
governments. These views placed him in opposition
to the reconstruction policy which was adopted by
the majority in Congress. He also opposed the con-
stitutional amendments because the Southern States
were not represented, and because, in his opinion,
such amendments should not be made before sectional
passions had time to subside. He held that amend-
ments to the Constitution should be considered only
when the public is in a cool, deliberative frame of
mind. His term in the Senate expired March 4,
1869, when he devoted himself exclusively to the
profession of law, having in 1860 removed to Indian-
apolis with that end in view. In 1862 he formed a
partnership with Mr. Oscar B. Hord, which was
extended in 1866 to a cousin. Col. A. W. Hendricks,
under the firm-name of Hendricks, Hord & Hen-
dricks. The business of the firm was large, impor-
tant, and lucrative. In 1872, Thomas A. Hendricks
was forced to relinquish the practice of his profession
by an election to the office of chief executive of the
State. He accepted the nomination against his earn-
est protest, but made a vigorous contest, supporting
the Greeley ticket. He was inaugurated Governor
Jan. 13, 1873, and served the State in that office for
four years. He gave his undivided attention to the
interests of the State, his administration of public
affairs being above criticism. In the political contest
of 1876 he was the Democratic candidate for the
Vice-Presidency, and carried his own State by upward
of five thousand majority. After the decision of the
Electoral Commission Governor Hendricks, accom-
panied by his wife, made a brief sojourn in Europe,
spending the summer in a tour nf Great Britain,
Germany, and Prance. He resumed on his return
the practice of law with his former partners, with
the addition of ex-Governor Conrad Baker, who
took Governor Hendricks' place in the firm when
succeeded by him in the gubernatorial office, the
firm-name being Baker, Hord & Hendricks. The
personal mention of Thom'as A. Hendricks may be
given briefly : he was reared in the Presbyterian
faith, but has for some years been a member of the
Episcopal Cburch, and is senior warden of St. Paul's
Cathedral, Indianapolis. He was married near Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, Sept. 25, 1845, to Miss Eliza C. Mor-
gan, who is a granddaughter of Dr. Stephen Wood,
a prominent citizen and early settler of Hamilton
County, Ohio. Governor and Mrs. Hendricks have
had but one child, a son born in 1848, who lived to
be three years of age. The extent and character of
Governor Hendricks' attainments can be well gauged
by his public and professional record. The same
may be said of his political views, although he has
stronger convictions than are credited to him. Under
a somewhat cautious, reserved manner he conceals
great depth of sentiment and indomitable fiiith in the
triumph of right over wrong, truth over envy, malice,
and detraction. In social as in public relations he is
steadfast in his friendships and generous to his foes.
He has a happy equanimity of temper which recon-
ciles him to the inevitable and nerves him to make
the best of life. A certain amount of benignity is
imparted to his voice, which in carrying a point
before a jury is almost irresistible. In appearance
Governor Hendricks is distinguished, possessing a
fine figure and a dignified presence. As his methods
of thought and forms of expression are peculiar to
himself, so in the execution of his plans he departs
so much from the beaten track that the end in view
is often lost sight of by others. It is none the less
plain to him, and it is a question if he ever sought
an object, the accomplishment of which depended
upon his own exertions, that he did not gain.
Joseph Ewing McDonald was born in Butler
County, Ohio, on the 29th of August, 1819. His
202
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
father, John McDonald, was of Scotch extraction, a
native of Pennsylvania, and by occupation a farmer.
He was a man of sterling worth, determined and self-
sacrificing. He died when Joseph E. was still in his
infancy, thus depriving him of support and counsel,
and casting upon him many burdens and responsi-
bilities. His mother, Eleanor Piatt, was a Pennsyl-
vanian, her ancestors being French Huguenots, who
located first in New Jersey and afterwards perma-
nently in Ohio. She was a woman of superior intel-
lect, her standards all high, her influences always
elevating. Her highest ambition — a mother's — was
to educate her children and make them useful mem-
bers of society. She and her husband were both
earnest members of the Presbyterian Church. She
later married John Kerr, of Butler County, Ohio, a
native of Ireland, and a frugal, industrious farmer.
He with hi.s family moved in the fall of 1826 to
Montgomery County, Ind., Joseph E. then being
seven years of age. While still a mere boy he de-
termined to make the profession of law his life-work.
At twelve years of age he was apprenticed to the
saddler's trade at Lafayette. For nearly six years he
served as an apprentice, being released from the last
three months for fidelity to the interest of his em-
ployers. These three months he spent in studying.
During his apprenticeship he had access to the library
of a government official, and what leisure he com-
manded was devoted to the English branches. He
entered Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., in
1838, supporting himself by plying his trade. Two
years later he was a student at Asbury University,
Greencastle. Mr. McDonald did not graduate. A
diploma and degree were given him, however, while
he was a member of the United States Senate. His
first preceptor in law was Zebulun Baird, one of the
first lawyers of the State, and a resident of Lafayette.
In 1853 he was admitted to practice upon an exami-
nation before the Supreme Court of the State. Four
years later he began practicing in Crawfordsville, and
in 1859 removed to Indianapolis. His first law part-
ner at Indianapolis was ex-judge of the Supreme
Court of Indiana, Addison L. Roache. His present
partners are John M. Butler and A. L. Mason.
Mr. McDonald, with the late Judge Black, was
counsel for the defendants in the celebrated case of
Bowles, Horsey, and Milligan, tried for treason and
conspiracy by a military commission at Indianapolis,
and sentenced to be hung. The case was taken to
the Supreme Court of the United States, where a
number of important constitutional questions arose as
to the relations of the general government to the
States, the war power of the government, and the
rights of the citizen. The defendants were released
by the Supreme Court. In the case of Beebe vs. the
State, in which the Supreme Court decided that the
enactment known as the Maine liquor law was un-
constitutional, Mr. McDonald was of the counsel for
the defendants. He was also one of the attorneys
for the parties who assailed the constitutionality of
the Baxter liquor law. He has taken an active part
in many other important cases before the Supreme
Court of the State and the Federal Court.
The senator is most successful in his pleading be-
fore a jury, and is a shrewd examiner. He is not an
eloquent talker, but has the ability to influence those
who listen to him by the fairness of his arguments.
Before he had received his license to practice law,
Mr. McDonald was nominated for the ofiice of prose-
cuting attorney, and elected the following fall over
Robert Jones, Whig, and a prominent member of the
Lafayette bar. This was the first election of that
class of officers by the people, they having been for-
merly chosen by the Legislature. As prosecuting at-
torney he served four years. He was elected to the
Thirty-first Congress from the district in which Craw-
fordsville was then situated, having removed to that
place during his official term as prosecutor at Lafay-
ette.
Returning to the State after his congressional term,
he was elected attorney-general of Indiana five years
later. He was the first choice of the people for this
office, and held it two terms. With Oliver P. Mor-
ton as an opponent, he made the race for Governor of
Indiana in 186-t. He ran ahead of his ticket, but
Mr. Morton was elected by nearly twenty thousand
votes. Eleven years later Mr. McDonald took his
seat in the United States Senate as a successor to
Daniel D. Pratt. He was chairman of the Commit-
tee on Public Lands and the second member of the
-'V=iy23SaiiA5i>'>!-''y-
\^f^O^C^c^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
203
Judiciary Committee. He visited New Orleans to
investigate the count of the vote of Louisiana in the
contest of 1876, and made the principal argument
for the objectors before the Electoral Commission.
The senator was also a member of the Teller- Wallace
committee to investigate the frauds in elections in
Rhode Island and Massachusetts. At the expiration
of his senatorial term he returned to Indianapolis,
where he has since been engaged in the active prac-
tice of his profession. He is and always has been a
firm and consistent Democrat of the Jefferson ian
school, as personified in the political life of Andrew
Jackson. He believes the true idea of American
democracy is to preserve unimpaired all the rights
reserved to the States, respectively, and to the people,
without infringing upon any of the powers delegated
to the general government by the Constitution, and
that constitutional government is of the first impor-
tance and a necessity to the perpetuity of the Amer-
ican Union. He believes in the virtue of the people,
and in their ability and purpose to maintain their
institutions inviolate against the assaults of designing
men. As an orator, both at the bar and on the hust-
ings, Mr. McDonald is cool, logical, and forcible ; as
a citizen, he has the confidence and respect of all who
know him, regardless of political creeds. He is re-
garded by all parties as a statesman of acknowledged
merit. His views are broad and comprehensive on
all questions of public interest, — not a man of expe-
dients, but stating his views clearly and boldly, leav-
ing the result to the candid judgment of the people.
The opinions of his most bitter opponents are never
treated with disdain. His steadfiistness of purpose,
his honest desire to accomplish what was best for the
people have given him a home in their hearts and won
for him high honors at their hands. Their confidence
has never been betrayed or sacrificed for personal
aggrandizement. Mr. McDonald is in religion an
attendant and pew- holder, but not a member, of the
Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis. He
has been three times married. On the 25th of No-
vember, 1844, he was united to Miss Nancy Ruth
Buell, to whom were born children, — Ezekiel M.,
Malcolm A., Frank B., and Annie M. (Mrs. Cald-
well). Mrs. McDonald died Sept. 7, 1872, and he
was again married on the 16th of September, 1874,
to Mrs. Araminta W. Vance, who died Feb. 2, 1875.
On the 12th of January, 1881, he was married to
his present wife, Mrs. Josephine F. Barnard, ni'e
Farnsworth, of Indianapolis, daughter of Joseph
Farnsworth, formerly of Madison, Ind.
Governor David Wallace was bom in Mifflin
County, Pa., April 24, 1799. His parents removed
to Ohio when he was a boy, and from that State,
through the influence of Gen. Harrison, he received
a cadetship in West Point Academy, where, after
graduation, he was for some time a tutor in mathe-
matics. He removed to Brookville while still a
young man, and began the practice of the law there.
He represented the county in the Legislature some
years, and in 1834 was elected Lieutenant-Governor
on the ticket with Governor Noble's re-election.
In 1837 he was elected Governor and removed to
the capital, which was thenceforward his home.
He married, as his second wife, Zerelda, eldest
daughter of the eminent physician. Dr. Sanders, and
in 1839 the Legislature purchased for the oflBcial
residence of the Executive the house then recently
built by Dr. Sanders on the northwest corner of
Illinois and Market Streets. In 1841, at a special
election to meet the demand of President Harrison
for an extra session of Congress, he was elected over
Judge Wick, and served till March 4, 1843. In
Congress it was his fortune to be the last man on the
roll of the committee to which had been referred the
petition of Professor Morse for forty thousand dol-
lars to make an electric telegraph line from Washing-
ton to Baltimore. The vote on recommending such
an appropriation was a tie till Governor Wallace gave
the casting vote for it. He saved that just appro-
priation, and it beat him in his contest for re-elec-
tion. His opponent, the late William J. Brown,
used the idleness and waste of spending money on
such schemes with disastrous effect. After the es-
tablishment of the Court of Common Pleas he served
a term as its judge. He was also prosecutor in the
Circuit Court for some years. Both in intellect and
personal appearance and bearing Governor Wallace
seemed formed by nature for an orator, and when
deeply moved, as he was sometimes at the bar, espe-
204
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
cially in prosecuting cruel crimes, he was the most
eloquent man ever heard in Indianapolis. His na-
ture was exceedingly social, genial, and generous, and
he was a most delightful companion for young men,
whose company he seemed to prefer. He died in
September, 1859. His eldest son, William, is a dis-
tinguished member of the bar, and even more distin-
guished as an orator and leading member of the Odd-
Fellows. His second, Lewis, is the well-known nov-
elist and general, now minister to ConstaDtinople.
Less known as a politician, but not less favorably
known professionally than the distinguished lawyers
whose lives have just been briefly sketched, is John
M. Butler.
John Maynard Butler. — The parents of Mr.
Butler were Calvin Butler and Malvina French But-
ler, the latter of whom was a direct descendant of
Governor Bradford, of Massachusetts, both natives of
Vermont. The former learned the trade of a shoe-
maker, which wa.s followed until his thirtieth year,
when, having a desire to acquire an education, he
made his way through Middlebury College, and subse-
quently entered the Theological Seminary at Andover,
Mass. Having thus gained a thorough theological as
well as classical training, he came West to preach, and
settled in Evansville, Ind. Subsequently he removed
to Northern Illinois, where his death occurred in 1854.
There being a large family of children in the house-
hold, the subject of this sketch, who was born at
Evansville, Ind., Sept. 17, 1834, was compelled to
rely mainly upon his own exertions, and consequently
at the age of twelve years engaged as clerk and in
other employments. Having inherited a love of learn-
ing and a determination to acquire a thorough educa-
tion, he succeeded in entering Wabash College, at
Crawfordsville, in 1851, and through his own efforts,
with partial help, graduated in 1856. The same day
he was elected president of the Female Seminary at
Crawfordsville, which position he held for three suc-
cessive years, after which he became principal of the
High-School. During this period he pursued the
study of the law with the intention of adopting it as
a profession. In the fall of 1861 he made an ex-
tended tour through the Northwestern States, in pur-
suit of a location for the practice of law. Returning,
he settled in Crawfordsville in November, 1861 . From
that day until the present he has been kept constantly
busy, his first case being an important one that passed
through the Circuit and Supreme Courts of Indiana,
ending in the complete success of the young lawyer.
This gave him an early prestige and greatly increased
his practice in the town and surrounding, counties.
In 1871 he came to Indianapolis and succeeded Judge
A. L. Roache as partner with Hon. Josepli E. Mc-
Donald, their relations being continued to the present
time. Mr. George C. Butler was taken into the firm
in 1875, and after his death Mr. A. L. Ma.son, the
present firm being McDonald, Butler & Mason.
Their practice has steadily increased, notwithstanding
the protracted absence of Mr. McDonald when filling
the office of United States senator at Washington.
Mr. Butler's thorough mastery of the intricate prob-
lems of the law, and ability in the conduct of important
cases, have placed him in the foremost rank of suc-
cessful lawyers in the State. Differing from his dis-
tinguished partner politically, he has always affiliated
ardently with the Republican cause, and has taken no
inconsiderable part in forwarding the interests of that
party. Aspiring to no office, and repeatedly declining
nominations, he has been an active worker in political
campaigns, speaking throughout this State and ex-
tending his labors to other States. He is a popular
political orator, his speeches having been extensively
published and read. Mr. Butler is an active member
of the Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis,
in which he is a ruling elder and member of the
board of trustees. As a jurist he stands in the first
rank in a bar that embraces in its list many of the
ablest lawyers in the country, the practice of the
firm being with cases of the weightiest importance.
Wisely avoiding the paths that lead to military and
civic distinction, he has a far more enviable record
as a successful lawyer, a useful and respected citizen,
and a thorough Christian gentleman. Mr. Butler
was married in April, 1857, to Miss Sue W. Jen-
nison, of Crawfordsville, Ind. Their children are a
son and a daughter. George Calvin Butler, a brother
of Mr. Butler, was born May 3, 1851, in Marine, 111.,
and graduated at Wabash College in 1872. He
adopted the law as a profession, became a partner in
jm^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
205
a film that was constantly dealing with difiieult suits,
involving the subtleties of the law and vast property
interests. His talents commanded the confidence of
his superiors and placed in liis charge cases rarely
intrusted to a young man. He invariably became
master of his cases, and early won the high approba-
tion of the judges of the highest courts at which he
practiced. His brilliant career as a promising and
successful lawyer and a sincere and earnest Christian
was suddenly ended by death on the 10th of Novem-
ber, 1882.
From its central situation the capital has been the
principal point of business for Eastern agencies ever
since it was large enough to have any business to
attend to. Claims of Eastern merchants have been
largely sent here to collect in all parts of the State,
and the business, though involving no great extent of
law practice or erudition, has been very lucrative.
The firm of Fletcher, Butler & Yandes did a very
extensive collecting business, with a very large liti-
gated business besides ; but probably the largest col-
lecting business, combined with ordinary legal busi-
ness, ever conducted in the city was that of William
Henderson.
William Henderson. — The ancestors of Mr.
Henderson were of Scotch-Irish extraction, and
resided in the north of Ireland. John Henderson,
his father, was a native of Albemarle County, Va.,
where his parents settled before the Revolution. He
was married to Miss Nancy Rucker and had children,
— Thomas, Robert, Reuben, John, Polly, and Wil-
liam. Mr. Henderson on reaching manhood re-
moved to Alabama, and later to Mooresville, Morgan
Co., where his death occurred. His son William
was born Oct. 14, 1820, in Lawrence County,
Ala., in the immediate vicinity of the town of Mol-
tcm, and at the age of nine years removed with his
parents to Indiana. His early educational advan-
tages were limited, both from want of opportunities
adjacent to his home and lack of means to prosecute
his studies abroad. At the age of seventeen years
he engaged in active labor, and later acquired the
trade of a saddler in Eaton, Preble Co., Ohio. Dur-
ing an apprenticeship of four years, diligent atten-
dance upon the sessions of a night school enabled
him to become proficient in the various English
branches, and fitted him for the calling of a teacher.
He, during this interval, began the study of law
with Messrs. J. S. & A. J. Hawkins, of E|iton,
which was continued for two years, when hi was
admitted to practice in Indiana, his licen.se having
been signed by Judges J. T. Elliott and David Kil-
gore, and in March, 1844, removed to Newcastle,
Henry Co., Ind., where an oflBce was opened in
connection with the late Judge Samuel E. Perkins,
of Richmond, Ind., and later of Indianapolis. This
business connection was continued until the appoint-
ment of the latter to the Supreme Court Bench,
when the copartnership was dissolved. Mr. Hen-
derson was admitted to the bar of the Supreme
Court of Indiana by examination in November, 1849,
and to the bar of the United States Supreme Court
in 1857. He continued to be a resident of New-
castle until 1851, when he located in Indianapolis.
Here his abilities soon brought an extended and
lucrative practice, which has been continued, with
the exception of a brief interval devoted to other
pursuits, until the present time, his business having
pertained rather to commercial interests than to
litigation of a general character. He has been since
1852 attorney for the Berkshire Life Insurance
Company, and for ten years their general financial
agent for the investment of the company's funds.
He was one of the incorporators and has been for
several years a director of the Board of Water- Works
of the city of Indianapolis.
Mr. Henderson was in his political affiliations until
1 854 a Whig. A change of views at that time caused
him to act with the Democratic party, of which he has
.since been one of the most active supporters, though
not a candidate for preferment at its hands. Wil-
liam Henderson was married in January, 1845, to
Miss Martha A., daughter of Jonathan Paul, one
of the earliest settlers of Decatur County, Ind.
Their two children are William R., a clergyman of
the Presbyterian Church, settled at Holden, Mo.,
and Sarah (Mrs. J. P. Wiggins), of Indianapolis.
Mrs. Henderson's death occurred in May, 1854, and
he was married in April, 1855, to Miss Rachel
McHargh, of Greensburg, Ind.
206
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Though the Indianapolis bar has been so largely
recruited from local bars, it has not lacked a fine sup-
ply of homegrown ability and attainment. Among
those who have acquired a good position and repu-
tation, after studying and entering the profession
here, may be named Governor Albert G. Porter, Gen.
John Coburn, William Wallace, Judge C. C. Hines,
John Caven, the last better known as the mayor and
executive officer of countless city duties during the
greater part of the war, and the efiBcient promoter of
the water supply and the Belt road and stock-yard
enterprises, William W. Woollen, John S. Duncan,
Gen. Fred. Knefler, Ciiarles P. Jacobs, A. S. Wishard,
and others. Governor Porter came here a young
man or well-grown lad, and studied his profession
with Hiram Brown, his father-in-law, and entered
the bar here, as did Mr. Caven, who also came here a
young man, and studied law with Smith & Yandes.
Hon. Albert G. Porter was born at Lawrence-
burg, Dearborn Co., Ind., April 20, 1824. His
father was a native of Pennsylvania. At the age of
eighteen the father became a volunteer soldier in the
war of 1812. At the engagement of Mississiuewa,
in the then existing Territory of Indiana, he re-
ceived a serious wound, which never left him free
from pain, and which he carried through life as an
evidence of the honorable part he bore in that mem-
orable struggle. He was a man of courage and
convictions, of plea^•ant anecdote and brimming
liunior.
The mother came of a family of exceptional busi-
ness tact and ability, and was accordiniily a woman
of extraordinary good sense and judgment. She
believed in cheerfulness, thrift, and energy, sturdy
honesty, and honest straightforwardness. These fell
to her son as an inheritance, and under the inspira-
tion of his young ambition, even in his youth, the
lines of his character were carved clean and clear.
His father, at the end of the war of 1812, settled
in Indiana, at Lawrenccburg. The family remained
there until the death of the grandfather of young
Porter on his mother's side, when his father removed
to Kentucky, having purchased the old homestead
which belonged to his grandfather. Attached to that
homestead there was a ferry across the Ohio River,
nearly opposite Lawrenceburg. This ferry was on
the regular route of travel from Indiana to Ken-
tucky, and the father, who was then in moderate
circumstances, left the entire management of that
ferry, which consisted both of a horse-boat and a
skiif, to his two sons. The responsibility which was
thus early placed upon young Porter, and the neces-
sity in a great measure of earning his own livelihood
by labor, developed in him those traces of independ-
ence of character for which he became noted in later
life. Many notable people were rowed across the
Ohio River in his skiff when the travel was not
heavy enough for the horse-boat.
At the age of fourteen he had saved money enough
from the allowances he received fur running the ferry
to start for college. At the earliest opportunity he
left the skiff and ferry-boat for Hanover College,
Indiana, where he entered the preparatory depart-
ment. There he remained until the scanty means
which he had saved were exhausted. His father was
unable to assist him, and there seemed to be no
recourse fur him except to go back to the horse ferry-
boat and the skiff, or to seek some other means to
secure the funds necessary for the education that he
was determined to have. At this juncture an uncle,
who was in good circumstances and with whom the
nephew was a favorite, wrote to him, telling him that
he had heard that his means were exhausted, that he
understood that he was determined to have an edu-
cation, and that he, the uncle, would help him to get
it. In the language of the letter, he would " see
him through." That was the happiest day in young
Porter's life. He speedily and gratefully accepted
his uncle's proposition, and from that time there were
fewer obstacles in his youthful career. But the ac-
ceptance of the offer made necessary a change of
location. His uncle was a Methodist, and he desired
that his young ward should enter upon his studies at
Asbury University, at Greencastle, Ind.
To this place Mr. Porter went, and he remained
there until he was graduated in 1843.
After graduation he returned to Lawrenceburg
and studied law for about ten months, when his
health began to fail. Thinking that a change of
occupation, even for a short time, would be beneficial,
..-A^. (^^-1^,
CITY" OF INDIANAPOLIS.
207
he secured a position as clerk in the ofiBce of the
auditor of State, Horatio J. Harris. Governor
Whitcomb, who was at that time without a private
secretary, noticed the neatness of the young cleric's
writing and his habits of accuracy, and requested the
auditor to allow Mr. Porter to act as his secretary.
The request was granted.
Governor Whitcomb was a man of studious habits
and scholarly attainments, whose association would
sensibly quicken and influence the efforts of any
young man. Mr. Porter remained with the Gov-
ernor for several montjis and then turned again to
the study of law, locating permanently at Indianap-
olis, where he entered upon the practice of his pro-
fession, in which he has long held a front rank at the
Indiana bar. He vpas appointed May 3, 1851, as
city attorney for a term of two years, and subse-
quently (May, 1857-59) served as a member of
the Common Council.
In 1853, Mr. Porter, who was then a Democrat,
was appointed by Governor Wright reporter of the
decisions of the Supreme Court of Indiana, to fill a
vacancy that had occurred by the death of the former
reporter. By this time Mr. Porter had attained a
reputation for industry and ability, and he was unan-
imously recommended by tiie Supreme Court judges
to fill this vacancy. The following year he was
elected to the same oflBce on the general ticket by
fourteen thousand majority.
In 1&56 he came into the newly-formed Republi-
can party on the question of the exclusion of slavery
from the Territories, and in 1858, although not a
candidate for the nomination, Mr. Porter was nomi-
nated by the Republican convention at Indianapolis
as a candidate for Congress. Hon. Martin M. Ray
was his Democratic opponent.
The district two years previously had gone
Democratic by eight hundred majority, yet Mr.
Porter was elected to Congress by a miijority of
more than one thousand, and two years afterwards,
when he was a candidate against Robert L. Walpule,
he was elected by an increased majority. Before the
meeting of the convention to nominate a candidate
again, however, Mr. Porter published a card declining
further service in Congress. Gen. Dumont, then
in the army, was nominated in his place, but Mr.
Porter did most of the canvassing for him.
While in Congress, Mr. Porter was a member of
the Judiciary Committee for his entire term of ser-
vice. In this capacity he developed great ability as
a lawyer, and assisted in drawing the important law
reports for that committee during his term of service.
He made a report on the liability of railroads
which had received land-grants to transport United
States troops and war material free of charge. Tiiis
report attracted a good deal of attention, and, upon
motion of Elihu B. Washburne, was republished at
the next session of Congress as a very important
contribution to anti-monopoly literature. That re-
port took the ground that the provision in the land-
grant acts should be and ought to be enforced. Be-
fore that time the monopolies had been having their
own way, having seemed to control both Congress
and the executive ; but after Mr. Porter's report
they were compelled to transport troops and muni-
tions of war free. The consequence was that the
revenues of the government were largely increased
from this source. Like most young members, he
made a speech in favor of the abolition of the frank-
ing privilege. He was always on the side of the
people. In the notable contest relative to the Isth-
mus of Chiriqui, Mr. Porter took sides against the
scheme, and antagonized Gen. Dan Sickles, who was
one of its noted advocates. Another of Mr. Porter's
notable speeches was on the general subject of the
war, and condemning all compromise schemes. Mr.
Porter retired from congressional life because he had
a young and growing family, and wisely thought
that he ought not to sacrifice his future in political
life, but should return to the profession of the law,
and endeavor to build up his fortune. This he did,
and in his professional career he was eminently suc-
cessful.
Mr. Porter was put in nomination before the con-
vention of 1876 as a candidate for Governor of In-
diana, but he caused a letter to be read declining to
allow his name to be used. Notwithstanding his
declaration, however, he received many votes in the
convention. From the time he left Congress he
devoted himself assiduously to his profession, although
208
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
he nearly always took some part in State political
campaigns. He continued his practice until he was
very unexpectedly invited, in 1881, to accept the
appointment of First Comptroller of the United
States Treasury. This appointment was tendered
him by Secretary Sherman, who knew his position
as a lawyer in Indiana, and who desired a competent
person to fill the place. The duties of First Comp-
troller of the Treasury are not generally understood.
They are very important, and are entirely judicial.
It is the one office in the government from whose
decisions there is no appeal. The Secretary of the
Treasury cannot annul decisions of the First Comp-
troller. The word of the First Comptroller of the
Treasury is the final autliority on all constructions
of law and interpretations of statutes relating to the
vast disbursements of the treasury. To this office
Mr. Porter was summoned without notice by the
Secretary of the Treasury, and he occupied it with
distinguished ability. It is a position which requires
great knowledge of the law and unimpeached in-
tegrity.
From this position he was called by the convention
of June 17, 1880, to represent his party as the
candidate for Governor of the State. As has been
the case with every office which he has held, this
honor has come to him unsought. The campaign
was made in the spirit of his dispatch of acceptance,
in which he said, —
" The contest will be a strenuous one, but if there
is not one Republican who feels that he is too humble
to do something for the cause, and all will work
earnestly and with good cheer, we shall win the
field. Let us have very many township and school-
house meetings and few great conventions, and let
every man feel that what is greatly worth having is
greatly worth working for."
He was elected in October, 1880, over Franklin
Landers, the Democratic nominee, by a majority of
six thousand nine hundred and fifty-three, — about
two thousand ahead of the ticket.
The administration of Governor Porter thus far
has been one of the most faithful, honest, and eco-
nomical which has ever characterized t)he history of
Indiana. There are few men in public life who are
purer in private character. Possessing an almost
unlimited fund of anecdote, it is always free from
indelicate or vulgar utterance.
Governor Porter is by nature of a conservative
temperament, but it is a conservatism that comports
well with all his other characteristics, and has in it
nothing suggestive of timidity. It is that mental
poise which causes him to thoroughly investigate
all questions before taking action upon them.
These qualities have been brought with effect to
the discharge of the duties of Governor, noticeably
in the veto messages sent by him to the Assemblies
of 1881 and 1883, which, had not a veto intercepted
the passage of bills, would not only needlessly have
caused the expenditure of large amounts of money,
but, in at least one instance, would have invaded the
constitutional guaranty of personal security. In no
instance, except upon purely party questions, has a
bill been reconsidered by the Legislature after his
veto. The same care has been bestowed upon the
consideration of public accounts, and in whatever
degree authority to control public expenditures is
vested in the Governor he has used it, though
unostentatiously, in the interest of economy.
Those in whom the pardoning power has been
reposed unite in saying that no duty which devolves
upon a Governor brings with it so great a burden of
responsibility. Governor Porter has made it a rule
to investigate each application for pardon through
independent sources, and if he has issued pardons
sparingly, it has been because the demands of justice
outweighed the promptings of a warm sympathy.
His agreeable manner would lead one to think that
he could be easily influenced, but, though slow to
express an opinion on a subject presented for his
consideration, when once he makes use of his char-
acteristic expression, " My mind is made up," his
decision is irrevocable. His idea of right and his
sense of responsibility are the measure of his firm-
ness. His habit of thoroughness was never more
felicitously rewarded than in the prompt and happy
manner in which it has enabled him to respond to
invitations of the various conventions, — agricultural,
mechanical, industrial, educational, and religious, —
which have all learned to expect a recognition from
/ ^^~ -' .
^
>t2^^-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
209
the head of the State. It reflects credit upon the
choice of the people that some of these brief addresses
have been widely copied.
Among literary men the quality of equanimity is
frequently attainable, but among men in public life it
is as rare. It need not mean, as it does in the minds
of some, the neutralization of one salient character-
istic by another, but rather the thorough blending of
all in one syminetrical personality. This quality,
with an habitual cheerfulness, frankness, and courtesy,
is Governor Porter's in a strong degree.
He has brought to the discharge of the duties of
Governor a fuller measure of resources than even his
most zealous supporters had expected.
Governor Porter was married in 1847 to Miss M.
V. Brown, a lady of rare domestic virtues, a daughter
of Hiram Brown, Eiq., one of the early noted lawyers
of Indianapolis. Five of their children are living.
She died in November, 1875. In January, 1881,
just before his inauguration as Governor, he was
married to Miss Cornelia Stone, of Cuba, New York,
a lady of fine education and attainments, whose
kindly feelings and refinement have won for her the
regard of all who know her.
Few men in public life are more happily situated
than Governor Porter. He has a sufficient com-
petency to be independent of the vicissitudes of
politics; he enjoys the influences of a beautiful home
lite and the thorough friendship of the people.
Hon. John Caven. — In presenting to the readers
of the History of Marion County this sketch of the
life, character, and public acts of Hon. John Caven,
of Indianapolis, we shall be required to introduce
incidents connected with tlie peace and prosperity of
the capital city of Indiana of the highest importance.
Tlie necessity for referring to such occurrences will at
once be conceded when our readers are informed
that the subject of this sketch held the important
office of mayor for five terms, making in all ten years
that he performed the duties of chief magistrate of
the largest inland city on the continent. When a
citizen is deemed worthy of great public trusts, and
in their execution evinces qualities of bead and heart
which shed lustre upon his name and win the ap-
proval of the people, it is not surprising that there
is a popular demand for full knowledge of all the
facts relating to his career, parentage, birth, early
advantages and surroundings, employments and ambi-
tions. The desire for such information is eminently
praiseworthy. It enables society, and especially the
students of forces and factors which operate in the
line of success and eminence, to arrive at correct
conclusions, and to establish theories of life, its obli-
gations and possibilities, of the highest advantage to
reflecting people. The subject of this sketch is the
descendant of Scotch-Irish and English-Scotch pa-
rentage, and was born in the State of Pennsylvania,
Alleghany County, April 12, 1824, and is therefore
fifty-nine years of age. His father, William Caven,
was of Scotch-Irish lineage, and his mother, Jane
(Longhead) Caven, of English-Scotch descent.
Young Caven did not inherit wealth, nor any of the
advantages which wealth is supposed to confer; but
he did inherit what was far better, a healthy body
and a healthy mind. He inherited a reverence for
the good, the beautiful, and the true, and upon that
foundation has erected a character symmetrical in
outline, embodying the grandeur of stern integrity,
devotion to honest conviction, and fidelity to trusts
which knows no wavering, no matter what may be
the character of the influences and obstacles thrown
in his way. Generous in judgments, cautious in
opinion, indefatigable in purpose, John Caven is
esteemed in the councils of good men a chevalier
sdiis peur et sans reproche. Such is the exalted
position Mayor Caven occupies in Indianapolis. And
if we are asked, What were his youthful surround-
ings ? the reply is that they were such as to develop
the best traits of his intellectual and physical organ-
ism,— he was required to work. His avocations
brought him in direct contact with the hardy chil-
dren of toil, and he has a right to be known as a
" self-made man." His early educational advantages
were limited. He had few books, and only inferior
school-teachers, but what he learned was thoroughly
learned, and as his years increased his thirst for
knowledge became more intense, until at last the
perfection, grace, and beauty of his public expres-
sions, whether oral or documentary, naturally led to
the conclusion that some renowned university was his
210
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
alma mater, when in fact his diplomas tell of studies
in salt-works, in coal-mines, and at the oars of flat-
boats.
At school he mastered the old English Reader
and DaboU's Arithmetic, and with such a foundation
for an education young Caven went forth to master
all the required branches of an English education to
prepare him to enter the legal profession. He came
to Indianapolis in 1845, and in 1847, at the age of
twenty-three, entered the law-office of Smith &
Yandes, where he mastered the intricacies of the law,
and in due time took his rightful place in a bar dis-
tinguished for learning and ability. Such an ex-
ample of pluck and perseverance, if properly studied
by the youth of Indiana, cannot fail to be productive
of results of incalculable benefit to the State. With-
out wealth or influential friends, with an education
limited to the rudiments, we see a young man steadily
progressing in the right direction, overcoming ob-
stacles, growinu in knowledge and the strength which
knowledge confers, growing in the esteem and confi-
dence of citizens capable of appreciating good char-
acter and manly ambition, until he stands the recog-
nized peer of the best. In 1863, at the age of thirty-
nine, the subject of this sketch was elected mayor of
Indianapolis without opposition. His administration
was of a character to win universal approval, and in
1865 he was again elected without opposition. Dur-
ing the period embraced in these two terms — four
years — Indianapolis was rapidly developing her com-
manding advantages as a commercial and manufac-
turing city, and Mayor Caven was contributing by
his ability and influence to give impetus to her prog-
ress. In 1868 the people of Indianapolis elected Mr.
Caven to the State Senate for four years. In that
body he maintained the high estimate his constitu-
ents had placed upon his abilities, and his recorded
votes and speeches attest his statesmanship and
breadth of views upon all matters touching political,
educational, and humanitarian subjects. He voted
for the Fifteenth Amendment, and earnestly advo-
cated the establishment of schools for colored chil-
dren. In 1875, Mr. Caven was again elected mayor
of Indianapolis, and the two terms following he suc-
ceeded himself in occupying the office, having been
re-elected in 1877 and 1879. Such facts of history
are monumental. They bear the highest testimony
possible to the ability and integrity of Mr. Caven, as
also to the fidelity which distinguished his public
career. It is in the fulfillment of the varied duties
devolving upon him as chief magistrate of Indian-
apolis that he has specially endeared himself to the
people. We should prove entirely unworthy of the
trust confided to us if, in writing a sketch of the
public service and private virtues of John Caven, we
should omit to bring into the boldest prominence his
ceaseless labors, intelligent counsel, unflagging energy,
and prudent zeal in advancing the growth of the city
in population, wealth, and business enterprises. In
the mere routine work of the office of mayor he met
every requirement of a just and humane magistrate,
and his efforts to reform the wayward who were
brought before him will forever remain fadeless cre-
dentials of his faith in human nature and moral
suasion ; but in the discussion of economic prob-
lems in connection with the business expansion of
the city his views are eminently conclusive of his
power to grasp questions of the greatest gravity. As
a business enterprise Indianapolis has' just cause for
gratulation over the building of the Belt Railroad
and the establishment of the Union Stock- Yards,
and it is no disparagement of others to place the
credit of originating those great enterprises where
it rightfully belongs. They are commemorative of
business forecast, and will increase in importance
with the lapse of years. This credit is justly due to
Hon. John Caven, the subject of this sketch. An
account of the initial steps taken by Mayor Caven to
inaugurate the Belt Road and stock-yard enterprise
was published in a city paper May 18, 1881. It is
historical, and well deserving a place in any sketch of
his life and public services, and is as follows :
" One day in September, 1875, I walked around
the old abandoned embankment west of White River,
and from the Vandalia Road to the river I walked
all the way through weeds higher than my head,
pushing them aside with my hands. I took off my
boots and waded White River, not far from the pres-
ent Belt Road bridge, and, as the water was deep, I
got my clothes wet. Climbing over to the partially-
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS,
211
built abutment on the east bank to dry, I sat there
for two hours considering the question of whether
the great work of a road around this city could be
pat in motion. It would combine all the benefits
sought, not only furnish work for our laboring pop-
ulation during the savage year of 1876, or at furthest
1877, but also relieve our streets. It would also
bring here an immense cattle business and lay down
a great taxable propert}'. As I looked over that
almost desert-looking river bottom, the outlook for
moving in the matter to furnish bread to hungry
people a year or two anyway was gloomy, but I then
and there determined that this was the only project
that could accomplish the result, and resolved to
make the effort and see what will and a good purpose
could do. Having got somewhat tired out, I put on
my boots and started home, and commenced an in-
vestigation of the subject of bread-riots and what
makes cities, — what had made great cities. I exam-
ined a great deal of history on the subject of what
had made other cities, — location, natural advantages,
accidents, minerals, manufactures, and what enter-
prise and capital had done, and then tried to apply
these principles to the city of Indianapolis. What
were our natural advantages, and how might capital
and enterprise develop them, and what could be
done to make Indianapolis a great city, and during
the winter of 1875 I proposed the Belt Road mes-
sage, and read it in Council on July 17, 1876. It
was published in Tuesday's morning papers, and on
Thursday morning I was holding court and noticed
two men sitting back among the audience for some
time. After a while they came forward and asked if
they could speak with me a few minutes. I sus-
pended hearing a cause to hear what they had to say.
One of them said he was president of the stock-
yards at Louisville, and had read the Belt Road mes-
sage and at once started for Indianapolis, as he re-
garded it the best location for stock-yards in the
country, and he wished to come here and engage in
the business. I told them we wanted the enterprise
very much, and asked them if they had the means
to build, and they said they had not, but thought
perhaps the city would aid them. I told them the
city would not aid in money, but suggested the idea
of the exchange of bonds, the plan which was
adopted and carried out. One of these men was
Horace Scott and the other Mr. Downing, the pres-
ent superintendent of the stock-yards. A company
was formed and the necessary steps taken to carry
out the enterprise, but met with great opposition."
Such was the beginning of an enterprise which,
while it is making its owners rich, is adding indefi-
nitely to the welfare of the city.
On Monday, July 17, 1876, Mr. Caven, then
mayor of the city, presented to the Common Council
of the city a masterly paper relating to the local ad-
vantages of Indianapolis as a manuliicturing centre.
It is worthy of being known as a " State Paper."' It
discusses the question of fuel with a breadth of
thought, argument, and illustration worthy of the
most profound consideration. It is a paper entitled
to the dignity of "standard authority," and should
be so regarded by merchants, manufacturers, and
business men generally. Indeed, we regard it of so
much importance, as illustrative of the compact reas-
oning powers of its author, that, if our space per-
mitted, we should reproduce it entire.
In what we have said Mr. Caven is given an
advanced position as a political economist, as a stu-
dent chiefly of utilitarian enterprises. To this posi-
tion he is entitled by every consideration of simple
justice to his eminent thought attainments. But the
people of Indianapolis have found him to be remark-
able in other regards than those which we have re-
corded. We refer particularly to his masterly control
over men in times of public peril. In the year 1877 a
wave of extreme danger rolled over the land. Mayor
Caven was not taken by surprise. He had not been
unobservant of coming events, nor had he misinter-
preted the dark shadows which betokened their com-
ing, and his early and urgent advocacy of the Belt
Road and stock-yard undertaking was in part, at least,
the result of his prescience, as the building of the
road would be the means of giving idle men work
when other means of employment failed. It is not
required to more than recall to mind the labor strike
which occurred in 1877, and the terrible scenes
enacted in certain localities. When the strike
reached Indianapolis there was excitement, alarm,
212
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and danger. Fortunately Mayor Caven was equal
to the occasion. He was calm, self-possessed, and
vigilant. He understood human nature, and fortu-
nately comprehended the human nature of working-
men, — he had been a workingman himself. He
believed in suasion rather than shot-guns ; he did
not adopt the policy of intimidation ; he discarded
rash measures. He made no compromises with riot-
ers, but with lofty courage he pointed out the sad
consequences which must follow violations of the law,
and appealed to the strikers, as men and as citizens
interested in the order and peace of the community,
to refrain from acts of rapine. He sought work for
the idle; he provided bread for the hungry. The
strikers saw in Mayor Caven a stern, courageous
magistrate, devoid of fear, determined to do his duty
at all hazards; but they also saw in Mayor Caven
their friend and a wise counselor. When he spoke
they listened, and a terrible calamity was therefore
averted, and after a few days of excitement and
unrest the peril vanished, not a life was sacrificed,
not a person was injured, not a dollar's worth of
property was destroyed, and the good name and fair
fame of Indianapolis was maintained. Nor was this
all : Indianapolis in June, 1877, was threatened with
a bread-riot. Public meetings were held and arrange-
ments made for a street demonstration. The riot
spirit was abroad, and danger was imminent. A
vast concourse of people had assembled in the State-
House ground, — idle men and hungry men. There
was excitement ; passion was getting the better of
judgment. Here again the fact was demonstrated
that Mayor Caven was the right man in the right
place. His earnest words stilled the tempest. Men
ready for acts of violence gave pledges to abandon
plans which were likely to result in public calamities.
But Mayor Caven did not abandon the hungry peo-
ple when they had determined to bear their sufferings
like law-abiding citizens. He at once proceeded to
relieve their immediate necessities. The circum-
stances surrounding that meeting on the 6th of
June, 1877, are historic, and we should regard this
sketch of Mayor Caven imperfect if his connection
with it was omitted. There are circumstances which
bring into bold relief certain elements of character of
the greatest value. Again we quote the account as
published at the time. The meeting having closed.
Mayor Caven gave an account of further steps to
restore quiet, as follows :
" I requested those who were willing to pledge
themselves to preserve the peace and obey my orders
in putting down any disturbances to hold up the right
hand, and every hand went up. There were men
there who, together with their families, had not
tasted food for two days, and I told them they
should not go to bed hungry that night, and- invited
the crowd to go with me, and we first went over to
Simpson's bakery, south from the State-House. He
happened to have a large quantity of bread on hand.
I commenced handing out six loaves to each one as
the hungry crowd passed by, and the supply was soon
all gone. We then went to Taggart's, on South
Meridian Street, but could not obtain admission,
and from there to Bryce's bakery, on South Street,
the hungry crowd following. Mr. Bryce was in bed,
but got up wlien I told him what I wanted, and J
directed the crowd to pass the door. Mr. Bryce
hauded me the loaves, and I handed them to the
men, giving six loaves to each ; but as the pile be-
came smaller we reduced the number to five, and
then to four and three, and then to two, and I in-
vited those who only received two and three to wait,
and if we could give them more we would ; and they
came again, and we gave them all the bread in the
bakery, and succeeded in supplying them all. As
soon as I had paid Mr. Bryce his bill I went out in
the street, and where a few minutes before was that
hungry crowd was as still as the grave, not a human
being in sight. They had left for home as quickly
as supplied, and the only persons were Mr, Dannis
Greene and myself. At the State-House I told the
men to go to the Beatty farm in the morning and
they would find work. About 2 p.m. next day I
went there, and about three hundred men were at
work, many of them the hungry men of the night
before, and it seemed as if the Belt Road, for which
we had so labored to furnish work to the hungry,
had thus providentially come to the rescue to the
very day, almost to the very hour, of our extreme
necessity. A day later and doors would have been
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
213
broken for food. As I looked at the men at work,
the expression of despair of tlie night before lifted
from their faces, vividly came to my memory the
cool September afternoon twenty-one months before,
when I sat drying myself on the partially-built aban-
doned abutment on the east bank of White Kiver,
looking over into the cheerless river bottom, wonder-
ing whether it could be converted into a scene of life
and activity, and whether from it could be extracted
work and food for hundreds of starving laborers
within the next year or two, and almost with faint-
ness at my heart looked with more of doubting than
hoping, and now it seemed as if God was with His
poor, and had not forgotten them."
In the foregoing we have traced John Caven from
his childhood, from poverty and obscurity, and,
whether toiling in the salt-works, manning an oar
on a flat-boat, or delving in a mine, always display-
ing the same sturdy zeal to win his way to fortune.
We have observed him utilizing every advantage,
educating himself, and an earnest, uncompromising
devotee of the best theories of life, and animated by
ambitions which always lead to usefulness, eminence,
and influence. We have seen him steadily advanc-
ing in the confidence and esteem of men of wealth,
education, and high character, and repeatedly chosen
by them as the exponent of their political, business,
and social theories, and in every instance responding
to every prudent requirement, — dignifying office by
making it subserve every interest of society, mapping
out new enterprises, and finding new pathways to
success. As a worker, in the costume of toil ; as a
lawyer, mastering the philosophy of jurisprudence ;
as a senator, advocating measures of far-reaching
consequences ; as a chief magistrate of a growing
city ; as a man, a citizen, combining personal worth
with official authority, calming popular unrest and
giving peace and security in times of peril, — in all
of these varied situations of life John Caven has
given proof of extraordinary intellectual power, and
has won a place in history of commanding promi-
nence. As a Mason, Mr. Caven is familiar with all
the mysteries of the ancient order, from an entered
apprentice to the supreme lights that blaze upon its
highest elevations, and his oration, delivered on the
occasion of laying the corner-stone of the Masonic
Temple in Indianapolis in 1866, demonstrates the
thoroughness of his knowledge of Masonic mysteries
and his deep devotion to the principles of the order.
Mr. Caven glories in seeing workingmen improving
their condition by association, by giving aid to each
other in times of need, and the Brotherhoods of
Locomotive Engineers and Locomotive Firemen of
the United States and Canada venerate him for the
sympathy and encouragement he has given them on
many occasions.
Such is a brief and necessarily imperfect sketch
of the life, character, and public acts of Hon. John
Caven, of Indianapolis. Our privileges do not war-
rant an entrance upon the domain of his private
life. If it were otherwise, our task would be em-
bellished by charming pictures of sympathy for the
unfortunate and acts of benevolence indicative of a
nobility of soul that, after all, is the true standard
by which to measure men. Physically, Mayor Caven
is a noble specimen of manhood, standing six feet
and weighing two hundred and ten pounds. His
complexion is florid, eyes blue and of that peculiar
type that speaks the universal language of sympathy,
benevolence, integrity, and moral courage. Mayor
Caven is a bachelor, but not a recluse nor a cynic.
He loves home and social enjoyments ; and, above
all, he is a recognized Christian gentleman, and all
of his acts, public and private, bear high testimony
that he holds in the highest veneration all sacred
things. Time has dealt kindly with Mayor Caven,
and now, though on the verge of threescore years,
he bids fair for many years to come to be the centre
of an extended circle of appreciative citizens, whose
confidence and esteem is the crowning glory of a life
well spent.
The county attorney, William Watson Woollen, is
also a product of home study, and his success is a
credit alike to him and his native city.
William Watson Woollen. — The Woollen
family are of English lineage. Leonard Woollen,
the grandfather of William Watson, was born on the
Eastern Shore of Maryland, but early removed to
Kentucky, and thence, in 1828, to Indianapolis.
The birth of his son Milton occurred in Kentucky,
214
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
in 1806. After tlie removal to Indiaaapolis he was
married to Miss Sarah, daughter of Joshua Black, a
pioneer of 1826. By this marriage there were a
number of children, the eldest of whom was Wil-
liam Watson, the subject of this biographical sketch,
born on the 28lh of May, 1838, in Indianapolis.
His youth, until the age of eighteen, was spent on a
farm in Lawrence township. Being the elde.st son.
his services early became valuable to his father, and
as a consequence very limited advantages of educa-
tion were enjoyed until his removal, in 1856, to In-
dianapolis, where he became a student of the North-
western Christian University. Having determined
upon the law as a profession, he entered the law
department of that institution, and at the same time
studied in the office of Messrs. Gordon & Connor.
He graduated from the law school, and was admitted
to the bar in October, 1859. The following winter
was spent in teaching, and in April, 1860, his name
was added to the roll of practitioners in the capital
city of the State. On the 5th of February, 1863,
Mr. Woollen married Miss Mary A. Evans, of Indi-
anapolis. He was in October, 1864, elected district
attorney of the Common Pleas Court for Marion,
Hendricks, and Boone Counties, and re-elected in
1866 without opposition. In December, 1881, he
was chosen by the board of commissioners of Marion
County attorney for the corporation, and reappointed
in 1882 and 1883. Extravagant abuses which had
crept into the public service Mr. Woollen attacked
with courage and success. He was one of the organ-
izers of the Indianapolis Bar Association, which, in
its library and other advantages, has proved an inval-
uable aid to the attorneys of the city.
Mr. Woollen is a supporter of the principles of the
Republican party, but not a strong political partisan.
He was reared in the faith of the Baptist Church,
and was formerly a member of the First Baptist
Church of Indianapolis, from which, with others, he
withdrew for the purpose of projecting and organizing
the North Baptist Church, of which he is at present
a member.
Mr. Woollen early demonstrated that he was en-
dowed with a capacity and force well fitted to his
work. His thorough knowledge of the law and log-
ical mind enabled him speedily to take his place
among the successful lawyers of the metropolis. A
manifest candor and scrupulous integrity mark all his
professional relations. He never encourages useless
litigation nor deceives a client who has no grounds
upon which to rest his case. This conscientious
dealing has won general confidence and gained for
him a lucrative practice.
Although there are three medical colleges in the
city, and at one time or another have been two or
three that lived a few years, there has never been
but one law school here, and that seems to have gone
out recently. In 1857 a law .school was opened in
connection with the Northwestern Christian Univer-
sity, of which the late Judge Perkins was the chief
teacher. In 1870-71 a law department was formed
in the same institution, with Judge Byron K. Elliott,
now of the Supreme Bench, Charles P. Jacobs, and
Judge Charles H. Test as professors. When the
university was removed to Irvington the law school
was continued in the city. Professors Jacobs and
Elliott continuing with it until within a year or so.
There were two hundred and fifty-seven lawyers
in the city in 1883. The profession, like merchan-
dising, has separated itself into classes, not definitely,
but with a much less miscellaneous association than
once prevailed. In a few years we shall have dis-
tinctively criminal lawyers, and patent lawyers, and
real-estate lawyers, and claims lawyers, as we now
have the germs with a pretty plain development here
and there. It is the tendency of growth and im-
provement to limit fields of labor and work with
more elaborate care on fewer subjects, and the legal
profession will some time obey the irresistible law,
and make division of its labor as laborers do. A
bar association manual has existed here for a number
of years.
The members of both the bench and bar of Indian-
apolis and the State of Indiana have deservedly taken
high rank in the legal profession of not only this
State but of the whole country. In the chronological
list of its members will be found men whose history
is a part of the history of the United States, and
whose names will be handed down to posterity as
giants of the law in " Ye olden time."
'o-^t^^^
i.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
214a
William Quarles was accounted one of the first
criminal lawyers of the State, and especially success-
ful in the cross-examination and bewilderment of
adverse witnesses. His death followed close on his
exertions in defense of Merritt Young for killing
Israel Phillips about 1852. Though a fluent speaker,
he was not an orator, and succeeded by dint of in-
cessant use, in every possible form and connection, of
one or two strong points. He drove them into a
jury by so much hammering that no amount of
refutory logic or apppeal could displace them. His
son John, at one time one of the best debaters of the
old Union Literary Society, was the superior of his
father, and if he had lived would have stood among
the foremost lawyers of the nation unless thwarted by
his own self-indulgence. He was killed two or three
years after his father's death by falling down the
stairway at College Hall and striking his head
against cither the raised stone sill of the stairway-
door or the stone curb of the pavement, though
there were rumors at the time of violence resulting
from a quarrel. Mr. Quarles, the father, was brother-
in-law of the late Thomas D. and Robert L. Walpole,
both noted and successful lawyers both in civil and
criminal business. They were Kentuckians, and
sons of Luke Walpole, one of the first merchants of
the city. Thomas was a prominent politician of the
Clay school till 1844, when he went over to the
Democracy. Robert was a Demoefetic candidate for
Congress near the time of the breaking out of the
war.
Hugh O'Neal, who was both county prosecutor
and United States attorney, and one of the first and
ablest members of the Indianapolis bar of any
period, was raised in Marion County, educated at
Bloomington as one of the two students to which each
county was entitled, studied law in this city, and
was admitted to the bar about 1840. He soon made
himself conspicuous as a Whig orator, and was one
of the most efficient of the party champions from the
campaign of 1844 to that of 1852. After that till
his death he concerned himself little with politics.
He went to California soon after the gold discovery,
and did well there, but not so well as to prevent his
return in a couple of years or so. He resumed the
practice of the law here, living in his office, — he was
never married, — and died there, in the second-story
room next to Fletcher's Bank, during the war. For
some years he and the late Governor Abram A. Ham-
mond were partners, and made the most formidable
firm of the city of that time except Smith & Yandes
and Barbour & Porter.
LuciAN Barbour was a Connecticut man, born
in 1811, graduated at Amherst, in 1837, and came
West to Madison, in this State, where he studied
law. He came to Indianapolis about 1840, or a little
later, and soon formed a partnership with the late
Judge Wick, in connection with whom he prepared
a little treatise on business law and forms, known for
years in the profession as " Wick & Barbour."
Later he and Governor Porter formed a partnership
which was maintained till Mr. Barbour went to Con-
gress in 1855 or later. In 1851 he was one of the
commissioners appointed by the Legislature to revise
the statutes and simplify the pleadings and proceed-
ings of court, as the new constitution required. The
lawyers used to call this the " Carr code," from
George W. Carr, one of the commissioners, who had
been president of the Constitutional Convention, a
sensible, good man, but no lawyer, and not a strik-
ingly judicious selection for that service. Mr. Bar-
bour, always a Democrat till the Kansas-Nebraska
question came up to disrupt parties, shifted to the
anti-slavery side in 1854 and was elected to Congress,
where, after' one term, he was succeeded by Mr.
Gregg, a Democrat of Hendricks County, and then
for two terms by his old law-partner, Governor Porter.
While in partnership with Mr. Wick he married
Mrs. Wick's sister, Alice, and thus became the
brother-in-law of the late Lazarus B. Wilson as well
as his law-partner. Mr. Barbour in the last years of
his life had associated with him the versatile and
widely-read Charles P. Jacobs.
Horatio C. Newcomb is entitled to all respect
as one of the best lawyers, ablest publicists, and
truest men that ever honored Indianapolis with a
residence. He was born in Tioga County, Pa., in
1821 was removed by his parents when a child to
Cortland County, N. Y., and thence to Jennings
1 County, in this State, in 1836. He learned the sad-
214b
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
dler's trade there, as did Judge Martindale and
Senator McDonald in their outset of life, but in two j
or three years ill-health compelled him to quit it,
and in 1841 he began the study of the law with Mr.
Bullock, the first lawyer in Jennings County. He
practiced there till 1846, when he came to Indian-
apolis and formed a partnership with Mr. Ovid
Butler. The impression made by his abilities may
be judged by the fact that in 1849 he was elected
the second mayor of the city in his twenty-eighth
year. In 1854 he was elected to the Legislature,
and in 1860 was elected to the Senate, which he left
after one session to take the presidency of the Sink-
ing Fund Board. He was superseded there in 1863
by the late W. H. Talbott. In the summer of 1864,
after the retirement of Mr. Sulgrove, he became po-
litical editor of the Journal, and so continued till
1868, serving two sessions in the Legislature in that
time. He went back to the law practice in 1869,
and continued till he was appointed one of the first
three judges of the Superior Court in March, 1871.
This term expired in 1874, when he was elected to
the same place by a popular and unanimous vote,
being put on both party tickets, as was Judge Per-
kins, his associate, who had succeeded Judge Rand
on the resignation of the latter. Soon after Presi-
dent Grant tendered him the assistant Secretaryship
of the Interior, but he declined it. In 1876 he was
nominated by the Republicans for the Supreme
Bench, but beaten. Under the act authorizing com-
missioners of the Supreme Court to assist the judges
in dealing off the accumulations of the docket, he
was made one, and died while in that duty. He was
all his life here a constant and devoted member of
the Presbyterian Church, and one of the ruling
elders. As editor of the Journal he showed a ver-
satility of power with which he had not been credited,
as well as a sagacity and sound judgment in party
management that were badly needed to supplement
the efforts of Governor Morton. He died in May,
1882, at his residence on North Tennessee Street.
John H. Bradley. — Although chiefly occupied
with his business as banker and railroad operator after
Lis removal to this city, the late John H. Bradley
sometimes figured in the old court-house with such
effect of eloquence and legal erudition as was rarely
equaled by any of his associates. He was a member
of the Legislature from Laporte County in 1842, and
formed one of the noted quartette of that year, — he
and Joseph G. Marshall, of the Whigs, Edward A.
Hannegan and Thomas J. Henley, of the Democrats.
Mr. Bradley retired from active business for several
years before his death, and wrote a small treatise on
the evidences and philosophy of spiritualism. Dr.
John M. Kitchen and Morris Defrees are sons-in-law
of Mr. Bradley.
William Wallace. — Among the living members
of the bar are several who still hold foremost places
in the profession, though some, as Simon Yandes,
Esq., and Governor Porter, have retired, and are
engaged in other pursuits. William Wallace, one
of those who have been longest at the bar of the
city and are still as active and conspicuous as ever,
was born in Brookville, Oct. 16, 1825. He came
to the capital when his father had to take up his
official residence here as Governor in 1837, and
has remained ever since. He went to school here
first to Mr. (now Gen.) Gilman Marston, and later
to Rev. James S. Kemper, at the old seminary. He
oscillated for some time between schooling and clerk-
ing, finally settling down to studying law and work-
ing in the office of the county clerk, then Robert B.
Duncan. When the latter left that office in 1850
Mr. Wallace began the practice of the law, and has
continued ever since, except during one term in the
office of county clerk, from 1861 to 1865, beating
Michael Fitzgibbon. His business has been of a
quiet kind, not so well calculated to exhibit the
striking oratorical talent which put him at the head
of the old seminary boys, at the criminal and litigated
civil business in which his father shone so brilliantly,
but it has made him one of the foremost and most re-
spected of the lawyers of the capital, and put him in
many positions of responsibility in private . affairs.
His native eloquence has not been allowed to rust in
probate business, however. He is one of the fore-
most Odd-Fellows of the State, and has more than
occupation enough in making addresses for the order
on formal or conspicuous occasions. No man in the
city stands higher or by a better title of native gen-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
21-Jc
erosity and manliness and unspotted honor than
William Wallace.
Gen. John Coburn, whose life, however, presents
a striking contrast of variety and incessant activity
to the unvarying smoothness of the other's, is an old
schoolmate and life-long friend of William Wallace.
He was born in this city, Oct. 27, 1825, very soon
after the removal of his father, the late Henry P.
Coburn, clerk of the Supreme Court from 1820 to
1852, from Corydon to the new capital. His
early education was chiefly acquired at the old
seminary, whence he went to Wabash College in
1842, graduating in 1846. He served as deputy to
his father and studied law till 1849, when he was
admitted to the bar, practicing for some years as the
partner of Judge N. B. Taylor, and later of Governor
Wallace. On the death of the latter while occupying
the bench of the Common Pleas Court, Mr. Coburn
was appointed to the vacancy, and elected the year
following. On the 18th of September he was com-
missioned colonel of the Thirty-third Regiment, hold-
ing the command steadily till he was mustered out,
Sept. 20, 1864. The next year he was brevetted
brigadier-general. The first experience of his regi-
ment was a rough one. It left this city on the 28th
of September, 1861, and on the 21st of October was
fighting Gen. Zollicoffer at Wild Cat, Ky., where
that distinguished rebel was killed, and our Hoosier
colonel exhibited the coolness and commandiDg force
that were needed for a serviceable and honorable mil-
itary career. After this it was stationed at Crab
Orchard, Ky., until early in January, and full two-
thirds of the men were down with the measles. After
this Col. Coburn was in and about Cumberland Gap
for a long time, but early in 1863 was sent to Nash-
ville, and thenee to Franklin, Tenn., where, during
an engagement into which he was forced by the im-
prudence of a temporary superior, some four hundred
of his men and himself were taken prisoners. The
men were paroled, but he was taken to Libby, and
was there at the time a Union force gave the city
of Richmond a considerable fright. His life there
was that of hundreds of others with which the
country is familiar. In the Atlanta campaign his
regiment was one of the foremost, and he was the
officer deputed by the commander to receive the
surrender of the city. In October, 1865, he was
elected to the Circuit Court Bench, but resigned to
go to Congress in 1866. He served four terms in
Congress with a record of as good service and hard
work as any man in the body, and with as high
consideration from his fellow-members. He was
chairman of the Military Committee, one of the most
important in the House at that time, and, besides the
unknown work of legislation, illustrated his congres-
sional career by speeches of unusual force of style
and familiarity with his subjects. He never spoke
for buncombe or to have a little exhibit of his services
to frank to his constituents, but because he knew
something on the subject that needed to be told and
a good many needed to learn. So strong an impres-
sion had he made that on the resignation of Secretary
Belknap he was urged for the War Department. It
is a pity he hadn't got it ; we have had no such man
since. On the expiration of his congressional term
Gen. Coburn accepted an appointment as one of the
commissioners to settle the complicated disputes about
the titles of land in Hot Springs, Ark. This work
he completed but a year or two ago. Since then he
has been constantly engaged in his profession.
Napoleon B. Taylor was born October 18, 1820,
in Campbell County, Ky., and came to this place a
child with his father, the late Robert Taylor, one of
the earliest of our brick-masons. He, like his old
friends Wallace and Coburn, was an " old seminary
boy," leaving the school to study law about 1842 or
1843. For some time after his admission to the
bar he mixed bricklaying with law to have some-
thing to do and make something to live, but in 1849
he formed a partnership with the late John L. Ketch-
am, and since then has confined himself to the law.
He worked his way up slowly, but he never got a
foot ahead and slipped back two. What he made he
held, and in a few years he came to be known over
the State as peculiarly skillful and able in the prepa-
ration of cases for the Supreme Court. That reputa-
tion he has kept and increased ever since. In 1853
he and Gen. Coburn formed a partnership for about
throe years. In 1872 he formed a partnership with
his son Edwin and Judge Rand, one of the first
214d
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
judges of the Superior Court, which was maintained
till Judge Taylor's electiou to the Superior Bench in
1882. In 18G4 he was nominated for reporter of the
Supreme Court against Gen. Ben. Harrison and beaten,
and he was frequently talked of for the nomination for
the Supreme Bench. He stands among tlie first law-
yers of the State for erudition and sound judgment,
and among the first citizens of Indianapolis for all
the qualities of good citizenship.
Btron K. Elliott, judge of the Supremo Court
■ from the central district of the State, was born in
Butler County, Ohio, Sept. 4, 1835, lived in Hamil-
ton till 1849, then removed to Cincinnati, and on the
21st of December, 1850, to this city. He studied law
here, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1858,
and in May, 1859, was elected city attorney, — a most
creditable .proof of ability and character to command
such a place in the first year of professional life,
and at the early age of twenty-four. He went into
the hundred days' service in May, 1864, in Col.
Vance's One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment,
as captain, but was put upon Gen. Milroy's staff in
two or three weeks as assistant adjutant-general.
On his return to the law he was elected city attorney
again in May, 1865, and re-elected in 1867 and
1869. His four terms in that office enabled him to
make it a position of importance, worth a good law-
yer's tenure and attention, and it had been a mere
party makeweight previously. In October, 1870,
he was elected judge of the Criminal Court, and
resigned the office of city attorney. In November,
1872, he resigned the judgeship to take the city
solicitorship unanimously tendered him by the Coun-
cil. He was elected city attorney again in May,
1873, and in October, 1876, one of the judges of
the Superior Court. He was again nominated for
the place by acclamation in March, 1880, but re-
ceiving the Republican nomination for Supreme
judge in June of the same year, he accepted that
and was elected in the following October. He was
made chief justice at the November term, 1881, and
served through that term. In and out of the pro-
fession he is regarded as one of the purest, fairest,
and most clear-sighted judges that have occupied the
appellate bench in this generation, and in no rulings
is greater or more general confidence felt than in
his.
Fabius M. Finch was born in Western New York
in 1811, and came to Ohio in 1816, with his father.
Judge John Finch, and from Ohio came to this
county in 1819, being the first family in the New
Purchase, except possibly the Whetzels, at the
Bluflfs. The settlement was made near Noblesville,
which for some time was made a part of Marion
County. Several families came with the Finches.
In 1828 the future judge came to this place and
studied law with Judge Wick, whose first wife was
his sister. He was admitted to the bar in 1831, at
the age of twenty, showing unusual maturity of in-
tellect, and settled at Franklin, Johnson Co., where
he remained till 1865, when he removed perma-
nently to this city. He was elected judge of the
Fifth Circuit in 1842 by the Legislature, and in 1859
was elected to the judgeship of this circuit by the
people, serving one term. For some years he and
his son, John A , have confined their business largely
to insurance cases, and have made a very high repu-
tation in that branch of the profession. John A.
was the State commissioner at a national meeting of
insurance men in New York some years ago, and
has published several elaborate articles on insurance
organizations, methods, and law, which have attracted
wide attention and commendation.
Gen. Ben. Harrison was born in February, 1833,
in Cincinnati, where he received his early education.
He graduated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and
studied law with the celebrated Judge Bellamy Storer.
He came to Indianapolis in 1854, and practiced law by
himself for some years. About 1856 he made a more
conspicuous place for himself by convicting a negro
cook at the Ray House of poisoning some of the
boarders. His management of that case was univer-
sally commended by the profession, which before that
had been a little disposed to regard the tow-headed
youngster, who looked younger than he was, as pos-
sessing his best claim to attention in the fact that
he was the grandson of his grandfather. He soon
showed, when the chance came, that he could build
broadly and solidly enough on his own ioundation,
and he has done it most effectually. His first public
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
214e
position was that of reporter of the Supreme Court in
1861. In August, 1862, he accepted the command
of the Seventieth Regiment, and remained witli it till
it was mustered out at the close of the war in June,
1865. A sketch of the history of that regiment
will be found in the chapter on the City and County
in the War. Gen. Harrison was associated with
Governor Porter and William P. Fishback, as Por-
ter, Harrison & Fishback, for several years. Mr.
Fishback, who came here in 1856 from Ohio and
soon established a good practice and reputation, left
the firm in 1870 to take control of the Journal, and
later of the St. Louis Democrat, and never rejoined his
associates, first accepting the clerkship of the United
States Court for a couple of years, and then resign-
ing that and confining his work to the mastership in
chancery of the same court. The firm then became
Porter, Harrison & Hines, by the accession of Judge
Hines, and remained so till Mr. Porter retired a few
years later, when Mr. Miller, of Toledo, came here to
take a place in the firm in 1874, which then became
Harrison, Hines & Miller. This has only recently
been changed by the accession of John B. Elam.
In 1876 the Republicans deemed it best to re-
move Godlove S. Orth, their nominee for Governor,
and put Gen. Harrison in his place. It was a very
embarrassing situation, but Mr. Harrison made as
much of it as any man could, and so fixed his
hold on the regard of his party that his nomination
to the United States Senate, when the Republicans
gained control of the Legislature in the election of
1880, was a foregone conclusion. There was no
serious contest made against him. Now his judicious
course in the Senate has given him no inconspicuous
chance for the Presidential nomination.
Judge Hines, so long a partner of Gen. Harri-
son, was born in Washington County, N. Y., Dec.
10, 1836, whence his mother, who was left a widow
with her young family , went to Lonsdale, Conn., where
Cyrus worked for several years in the cotton-mills.
Then for a year or two he studied and taught in the
Normal Institute at Lancaster, Mass., and thence he
came to Indianapolis in 1854. He studied law with Si-
mon Yandes, Esq., and became a partner in December,
1855, continuing until the latter retired from the pro-
fession in 1860. Mr. Hines wont into the three
months' service as sergeant of Company H, Eleventh
Regiment, and when that was througii went into the
three years'service, attaining the position of colonel of
the Fifty-seventh Regiment, in which he is described in
the adjutant-general's official history of the regiment as
" an officer of great and acknowledged ability, who had
chiefly formed the character of the regiment." He
was so severely wounded at Stone River that he had
to resign. In 1866 he succeeded Judge Coburn in
the Circuit Court, and held the place till 1870, when
he was succeeded by Judge Tarkiugton. Mr. Miller,
who entered the firm with Gen. Harrison and Col.
Hines in 1874, was born in Oneida County, N. Y.,
September, 1840, studied law with Chief Justice
Waite in Toledo, then practiced for eight years in
Fort Wayne, and came here in 1874. John B.
Elam served through the war as a private soldier
in an Ohio regiment. When the war was over he
studied and graduated at Oxford (Ohio) College,
where Governor Morton and Senator Harrison were
once students, then studied law in the law depart-
ment of the Ann Arbor University, and came to this
city in 1874. In 1878 he was made prosecuting
attorney, and convicted the first three men ever hung
in Marion County, William Merrick, John Achey,
and Louis Guetig. He is regarded as one of the
foremost of the younger members of the bar, and
as prominent politically as professionally.
Gen. Fred. Knefler has long held an honorable
position at the bar here, and was known for years as
deputy clerk before he entered the bar. He is a
Hungarian by birth, and when a mere boy served in
the revolutionary army of 1848 under Gen. Bern,
one of Kossuth's best leaders, and was wounded.
He came to this country with his father. Dr. Knefler,
in 1849, and learned the carpenter's trade first.
Then he got a place in the clerk's office, and so
worked his way into the bar. In 1861 he served in
the Eleventh Regiment of three months' men as
lieutenant. In the three years' service he was
captain of Company H in the Eleventh, and in Au-
i/ust 1862, was appointed colonel of the Seventy-
ninth, which led the way in the charge at Mission
Ridge, Col. Knefler leading the regiment. He re-
214f
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tired from the service at the close of the war with
the brevet of brigadier. He formed a law-partner-
ship with the late John Hanna, which was only
terminated by the death of the latter. He succeeded
William H. H. Terrell as pension agent here, as
noticed in the list of government oflBcers resident
here.
The partners of ex-Senator and ex-Governor
Thomas A. Hendricks have been among the fore-
most members of the bar of the State and city for
many years. Ex-Governor Baker went into the
firm in 1873, when Mr. Hendricks became Governor.
He had been one of the most prominent of the law-
yers of the State for years in Evansville before he
came to Indianapolis to act as Governor while Gov-
ernor Morton was in Europe in 1865-66. He re-
mained here thenceforward, and took as commanding
a place at the bar here as at his old home. In 1864
he was provost-marshal of the State on duty here,
and arrested a mob of re-enlisted veterans of the
Nineteenth Regiment who attacked and proposed to
demolish the Sentinel office for some allusion in the
paper that they disliked. He met the angry men on
the stairs, with their guns in their hands, and held
them back till he brought them to reason. Two of
the most conspicuous features of his administration
were the payment of the State debt of 1836 and the
official proclamation of the stoppage of interest in
1870, and the recommendation of asylums for the
incurable insane, now just put in the way of accom-
plishment.
Oscar B. Hord, attorney-general of the State
from 1862 to 1864, and for twenty years a partner
of Governor Hendricks, was born in Kentucky,
near Maysville, where he was brought up. He
studied law with his father, and came to Greens-
burg, in this State, in 1849. In 1852 he was made
prosecuting attorney, serving two terms. Some years
later he and the late Col. Gavin, his partner, made a
digest of the statutes of the State, which was greatly
needed, and gave its authors a substantial professional
reputation at once. In 1862, Mr. Hord was elected
attorney-general and removed to Indianapolis, forming
a professional connection with Mr. Hendricks which
has never been sundered since, except during the
latter's term as Governor (from 1873 to 1877). Mr.
Hord is one of the hard-working men of the Indian-
apolis bar, and stands second to none in the care he
gives his cases and thoroughness of his investigation
of the law. He is one of the steadiest of friends
and most genial of companions, as well as one of the
first lawyers of the State. He was born in 1829.
Mr. Abram "W. Hendricks, a cousin of the ex-
Governor, is well up towards sixty, but none the less
a close student and indefatigable worker. He is held
by the profession to be one of the most thoroughly-
read lawyers in the country, and was so well esteemed
twenty-six years ago that he was nominated by the
Republican party for the Supreme Bench. He was
born in Westmoreland County, Pa., and came to
Madison, to his uncle, in 1839. He studied law
with Governor William Hendricks, and graduated at
the Lexington (Kentucky) Law School. For some
years he was a partner of William McKee Dunn, late
judge-advocate-general. He came to Indianapolis in
1866, to join his cousin, Thomas A., and Mr. Hord,
when the firm became Hendricks, Hord & Hendricks,
now Baker, Hord & Hendricks.
John C. New, though he never figured as a law-
yer, was for a good many years clerk of the county,
and as well known a figure of the court as the judge.
He was born in Jennings County, in 1831. His
father, the late John B. New, was a cabinet-maker
by trade and a Christian preacher by preference,
and removed to Greensburg when John was still a
child. After a course of country town schooling he
went to Bethany, Va., where he took a four years'
course under the late Alexander Campbell, graduating
fairly in 1851. His cousin, Jeptha D. New, member
of Congress two terms from the Jennings County Dis-
trict, was at the same college at the same time. Rev.
John B. New removed to this city about the time his
son graduated, and here the latter studied law with
Governor Wallace, was admitted to the bar in 1852,
and having a good memory, an aptitude for system,
and a naturally good business disposition, with a neat,
legible cbirography. Clerk Stewart made him deputy
soon afterwards ; and when Stewart died, leaving a
year of his term vacant, the County Board put the
deputy there, and at the next election the people
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
2140
elected him over George MeOuat by a slender ma-
jority. Here he laid the foundation of his fortune,
and left the oflSce a young man, but already a rich
one. Governor Morton made him quartermaster early
in the war ; then he served a term in the State Sen-
ate; then, in 1865, went as cashier into the First
National Bank, and remained there ten years, till he
was made treasurer of the United States in Spinner's
place. A year here sufficed him, and he returned to
the bank as vice-president. A little later he bought
out William H. English, and became president. In
1880 he was made chairman of the Republican State
Central Committee, and bought the Journal. He
was also the Indiana member of the National Repub-
lican Committee. He has been the First Assistant
Treasurer of the United States for several years,
which position he has recently resigned. Mr. New
has been twice married, — first to Melissa, daughter
of the late Joseph Beeler, and next to Miss McRae,
daughter of a son-in-law of Dr. J. H. Sanders.
William P. Adkinson.
Henry C. Allen.
Fremont Alford.
Ayres & Brown.
Ayres & Cole.
Bailey & Van Buren.
John W. Baird.
Baker, Hord & Hendricks.
James P. Baker.
Pliny W. Bartholomew.
Will F. A. Bernhamer.
Isaac L. Bloomer.
William Bosson.
John W. Bowlus.
Daniel M. Bradbury.
Cornelius D. Browder.
Wilbur F. Browder.
William T. Brown.
Samuel M. Bruce.
John C. Brush.
James Buchanan.
Salmon A. Buell.
H. Burns.
Burns & Denny.
Byfiold & Howland.
Bynum & Beck.
Howard Cole.
Canary & Medkirk.
Nathaniel Carter.
Vinson Carter.
Carter & Bin ford.
Charles E. Clark.
Ross Clark.
ROLL OF ATTORNEYS.
John W. Claypool.
Claypool & Ketcham.
Coburn & Irvin.
W. H. Corbaley.
Cropsey & Cooper.
Vincent G. Clifford.
James B. Curtis.
Dailey & Pickerell.
Benjamin F. Davis.
Guilford A. Deitch.
Austin F. Denny.
Robert Denny.
Almon H. Dickey.
Samuel R. Downey.
Charles A. Dryer.
Duncan, Smith & Duncan.
Dye & Fishback.
John B. Elam.
William F. Elliott.
Harmon J. Everett.
Charles W. Fairbanks.
Finch & Finch.
Florea & Wishard.
Samuel W. Fogger.
James E. Franklin.
George W. Galvin.
Jonathan W. Gordon.
John C. Green.
Otto Gresham.
Griffiths & Potts.
Orvin S. Hadley.
Upton J. Hammond.
Jesse D. Hamrick.
Harding & Hovey.
James W. Harper.
Charles 0. Harris.
Harris & Calkins.
Harrison, Hines & Miller.
Jonathan S. Harvey.
Lawson M. Harvey.
Charles R. Haseley.
Roseoe 0. Hawkins.
Charles C. Heckman.
James E. Hellei'.
Heinrichs & Kessler.
William Henderson.
George G. Hendrickson.
John A. Henry.
Maxwell B. Henry.
Herod & Winter.
Isaac Herr.
James T. Hill.
Hill & Martz.
John A. Holman.
Louis Howland.
William A. Hughes.
Charles P. Jacobs.
Ovid B. Jameson.
Lewis Jordan.
John M. Judah.
Julian & Julian.
Kealing & Clifford.
Joseph M. Keatinge.
Justin A. Kellogg.
John Kidd.
Israel Klingensmith.
2r4H
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Knefler & Beiryhill.
David K. Paultow.
William F. Stilz.
Orlando Knowlton.
William Patterson.
George W. Stubbs.
Eugene G. Kreider.
William H. Payne.
Horace G. Study.
Ira M. Kratz.
William A. Peelle, Jr.
James Sulgrove.
William C. Lamb.
Peelle & Taylor.
William Sullivan.
Lamb & Mason.
Samuel E. Perkins.
Sullivan & Jones.
John T. Leeklider.
George K. Perrin.
Lucius B. Swift.
Frank H. Levering.
Henry D. Pierce.
Talbott & Wheeler.
Frank P. Lindsay.
George T. Porter.
John S. Tarkinston.
Reuben D. Logan.
Wallace W. Pringle.
Taylor, Rand & Taylor.
William A. Lowe.
James A. Pritchard.
La Frank R. Teed.
Dow McClain.
Rand & Winters.
Harrison T. Tincker.
Z. T. McCormack.
William A. Reading.
Tobin & McCray.
McDonald & Butler.
Warwick 11. Ripley.
John W. Tomlinson.
McMaster & Boice.
Ritter & Ritter.
Thomas J. Trusler.
Gilbert B. Manlove.
Roachc & Lamme.
Turpie & Pierce.
E. B. & Charles Martindale.
Charles F. Robbins.
Richard S. Turrell.
Francis J. Mattler.
Thaddeus S. Rollins.
Flavins J. Van Vorhis.
Harry J. Milligan.
Rooker & Hatch.
Joseph W. Walker.
Jehu Milner.
John N. Scott.
William & Lewis Wallace.
James L. Mitchell.
Adolph & G. Seidensticker.
William B. Walls.
John 0. Moore.
Silas M. Shepard.
John C.Wells.
Merrill Moores.
Horace E. Smith.
Williams & Johnson.
John Morgan.
J. Hervey Smith.
Harry L. Wilson.
Morris & Newberger.
Robert E. Smith.
Oliver M. Wilson.
Frank W. Morrison.
Spaan & Heiner.
Wilson & Wilson.
Wilson Morrow.
George W. Spahr.
George W. Winpenny.
Charles R. Myers.
Horace Speed.
Bennett F. Witt.
David A. Myers.
William W. Spencer.
William Watson Woollen.
Nicbol & Buskirk.
Roger A. Sprague.
Frank M. Wright.
Lester L. Norton.
Charles S. Spritz.
George B. Wright.
Orlando B. Orton.
Stanton & Scott.
Granville S. Wright.
Eben A. Parker.
Stevenson & Stevenson.
Augustus B. Young.
Parmlee & Holladay.
George W. Stillwell.
John Young.
ylC^ ,yaUuiy\^
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
215
CHAPTER IX.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS— (Co,i(mi,erf.)
BANKS, BANKERS, AND INSURANCE.
For twenty-five years the old State Bank and its
Indianapolis branch furnished the best and the only
safe paper currency in the State. The hard times of
1841 to 1845 were alleviated to some extent by the
issue of " State scrip," and until the Free Banking
Act of 1852 the only home currency we had was
made up of State paper and State Bank paper. The
beginning of this serious crisis in the condition of the
State and Marion County occurred while Nathan B.
Palmer was in the State Treasury, the end of it
while Samuel Hannah was there, when the progress
of the old Madison Railroad gave promise of a new
era.
Hon. Nathan B. Palmer was born at Stoning-
ton, Conn., Aug. 27, 1790, and by the death of his
father left an orphan at the early age of ten years.
Subsequent to this event his mother removed to New
York State, accompanied by her son. Here he grew
to man's estate and married Miss Chloe Sacket, who
aided not a little to her husband's success in life.
The newly-married pair removed to Pennsylvania in
1812, in which State Mr. Palmer was elected to more
than one oiEce of trust and honor before his thirtieth
year, in each of which he acquitted himself with
credit. More than two-thirds of a century ago Mr.
Palmer came down the Ohio River and settled in
Jefferson County, Ind., where he resided for four-
teen years, and during this period was chosen to
represent his county in the State Legislature. In
1833 he was elected Speaker of the House, and dis-
played marked ability as an efficient and just presiding
officer. In 1835 he became a permanent resident of
Indianapolis, having been chosen to fill the responsible
office of State Treasurer. As a public servant, having
large and important trusts in his hands, his career
was marked by the most scrupulous integrity and
exactness. While in charge of the State finances
large amounts of scrip were issued and used as a
circulating medium. He was in 1841 made ex-
aminer of the State Bank and its branches, and in
this responsible position manifested the same ability
and shrewdness that had characterized his previous
official career. He was during his lifetime identified
with more than one public enterprise of moment, and
took a leading part in both local and State politics.
Having the sagacity to discern that railways must
eventually supplant canals, he was ah energetic
mover in the construction of railroads in various parts
of the State, and by his example and efforts gave this
class of improvements an impetus which was long
after felt in Indiana. The construction of the old
Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, the first in the
State, was in no small degree the result of Mr.
Palmer's exertions, and the company for a number of
years had the benefit of his services as president and
chief executive officer of the line. He was during
his life a member of the Democratic party, though
his integrity and ability were such as to command
the political support of those not identified with his
own party. The death of Mr. Palmer occurred April
13, 1875, and that of Mrs. Palmer, June 10, 1871.
Their children are Charles C, Aurelia E., William
S., Jane C, Jerome W., Louisa S., Jane M., Minerva
A., Trumbull G., Blackford M., Marshall E., Edward
L., Nathan B., Jr., and Mary L.
Samuel Hannah was born Dec. 1, 1789, in the
State of Delaware. At six years of age he removed
with his father's family to Brownsville, Pa., on the
Monongahela River, thirty miles above Pittsburgh.
He was married July 11, 1811, to Eleanor Bishop,
who died Sept. 26, 1864. Their family numbered
eleven children, four daughters and seven sons.
Anna married Gen. Solomon Meredith, Eliza married
Hon. John S. Newman, Sarah married Rev. Dr. F.
C. Holliday, Ellen married Dr. John M. Ross, Alex-
ander M. married Elizabeth N. Jackson, Henry R.
married Jerusha Cain, William P. married Margaret
A. Dunham. James, Israel, Thomas, and Septimus
died in youth. In the spring of 1815, with his wife
and two children, Mr. Hannah went in a flat-boat to
Cincinnati, and thence by wagons to Warren County,
Ohio, where he taught school for two years, number-
ing among his pupils some who were afterwards dis-
tinguished in the learned professions and other vo-
cations.
216
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
He left Ohio in 1817, settling in what is now
Washington township, Wayne Co., Ind., and resided
on his farm until December, 1823. Having been
elected sheriff of Wayne County, he removed to
Centreville, the county-seat. Belonging to the So-
ciety of Friends, and conscientiously opposed to the
collection of fines for refusing to do military duty,
he resigned his office in the spring of 1825. The
following August he was elected as a representative
to the Legislature. He declined a re-election, but
was in 1826 elected a justice of the peace, which
office he held about four years. The county business
being then done by the board of justices, he was
chosen and continued president of the board until
1829, when the board of county commissioners was
restored. He was appointed postmaster at Centre-
ville under the administration of John Quincy Ad-
ams, and held the office until removed under that of
Andrew Jackson, in 1829. He was one of three
commissioners appointed by the Legislature to locate
the Michigan road from the Ohio River to the lake,
and to select the lands secured to the State by a
treaty with the Indians, held on the Upper Waba.sh
in 1826. In 1830 he was elected clerk of Wayne
County, and served seven years. In 1843 he was
again elected to the Legislature. In December, 1846,
he was elected by the Legislature, treasurer of State,
and served three years. After his election to this
office he removed to Indianapolis, where he resided
until his death, with the exception of a residence of
about two years at Centreville during the construction
of the Indiana Central Railway. In March, 1851,
he was chosen first president of the company, but
resigned in July following. He was the same sum-
mer elected treasurer of the Indianapolis and Belle-
fontaine Railroad Company. In May, 1852, he
accepted the office of treasurer of the Indiana Cen-
tral Railway Company, and held the position until
January, 1864, when he retired from active life. He
died Sept. 8, 1869, aged nearly eighty years.
Contemporaneously with Mr. Palmer in the treas-
ury, Morris Morris, one of the pioneers of 1821, and
one of the most esteemed citizens of any period, held
the office of State auditor. During his administration
pretty much all of the State scrip issued at all was
put out and into the currency of the State. He con-
tinued in the office fifteen years, from 1829 to 1844.
Morris Morris was a grandson of James Morris,
who with his brothers John and Morris came from
Wales and early settled in Virginia. Morris, the
grandson, was born in Monongahela County, Va., in
1780, and removed in youth with his parents to
Fleming County, Ky., where he remained until forty
years of age. He received a thorough English edu-
cation, chose the law as a profession, and practiced
for many years. In 1803 he was married to Miss
Rachel Morris, a descendant of John Morris above
mentioned, and unwilling to rear his family amid the
influences of slavery, he in 1821 removed to the
free State of Indiana. Prior to this change of resi-
dence he abandoned the practice of law, giving as a
reason the fact that the pursuit of his profession in-
terfered with the Christian life he desired to lead.
He did not judge others by the same rule, but be-
lieved it in his own case to be the only course in
harmony with his convictions. This incident might
be taken as a key to his character. He was con.sci-
entious to a rare degree, and could not be swerved
from his idea of right. At the same time he never
arraigned others at the bar of his own judgment.
His standard was for himself only. On his arrival
in Indianapolis, which had just been fixed upon as
the capital of the new State, he bought land largely
within and without its limits, and was among the
most active in advancing the growth of the new set-
tlement. The history of the city shows for the first
score of years few events of public concern in which he
was not prominent. In 1828 he was elected auditor
of State, and for sixteen successive years re-elected to
the same office. In 1832 he was one of the three
commissioners who had in charge the building of the
State-House. His son. Gen. T. A. Morris, laid out
the grounds, and nearly half a century later is the
commissioner in charge of the erection of the new
State-House on the same spot where stood the old,
and Morris M. Defrees, a grandson of Morris Morris,
as civil engineer laid out the grounds. After his
career as auditor of State had ended, Mr. Morris
retired to private life and engaged in no business
other than the care of his property, which had in the
%
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
217
growth of the town become a large estate. In his
mature years he became a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and until his later life was active
iu the advancement of its interests. Mr. Morris died
in 1864, in his eighty-fourth year. The deatli of his
wife the previous year, at the age of seventy-six,
ended their married life of sixty years, eight children
having been born to them. Mr. Morris was a man
of commanding presence, and in his prime exceed-
ingly robust and active. He was noted for clearness
of judgment and the union of remarkable decision of
character with rare gentleness.
The State officers resident in the capital as citizens
prior to their election and necessary official residence
have not been many in recent years, the disposition
of parties inclining to select candidates outside of the
city for the advantages of local influence, but among
those nominated from the city latterly is Mr. J. J.
Cooper, the present State treasurer, whose character
and services can be appropriately noticed, in this con-
nection, with the State officers of the last generation.
John James Cooper. — The subject of this sketch
is the present treasurer of the State of Indiana, hav-
ing been chosen to this important position at the
November election of 1882 by over ten thousand
majority. Mr. Cooper is a true type of the men
selected in Indiana by the Democratic party for her
standard-bearers, a man from the people, who from
personal experience understands the needs of the
masses to whose wants he has been called to
administer.
His life bears witness to the simplicity of Ameri-
can character and the sovereignty of American citi-
zenship, having been in his youth " a hewer of wood"
in every sense of the term. He has always been
equal to the emergency, and that emergency has
never been sufficient to call into action the extrem-
ity of his resources. He is the son of James Cooper,
of old Virginia stock, whose father was Robert Cun-
ningham Cooper, an officer in the Revolutionary war.
His mother's name was Virginia Du Witt, who, as
her name indicates, was of French origin, her parents
coming to this country with a colony who accompa-
nied Gen. Lafayette from France. James Cooper,
the father of the subject of this sketch, was a promi-
nent and successful farmer in Ripley Cuunty, Iiid.,
and reared a large family of children, all the survivors
being now active and useful members of society.
Mr. Cooper's parents moved from Scioto County,
Ohio, to Ripley County, Ind., in the year 1827, and
encountered all the difficulties and privations of a
pioneer life. Here their son John was born on the
20th day of January, 1830. Here he was reared,
and, as might be supposed, obtained only the meagre
education which that period and the surrounding
circumstances afforded. But such natures as his are
difficult to discourage or suppress. His quick and
accurate judgment, his clear mental faculties, and
an indomitable energy eminently fitted him for a
successful career. In the year 1852 Mr. Cooper
married Sarah F. Myers, his present wife, who is
the daughter of James Myers, Esq., of Jennings
County, Ind., who afterwards moved to Kokomo,
Howard Co., where he remained for six years, and in
1864 made the city of Indianapolis his home. Mr.
Cooper has three children living, — Charles M. Cooper,
an attorney-at-law in Indianapolis, Virginia E., and
Carrie M.
To be a successful man means devotion to the
work in hand. This devotion and untiring energy
has made Mr. Cooper eminently successful in busi-
ness affairs. He has always been a trader and
farmer. After moving to Indianapolis he became
engaged extensively in the stock business, and for
several years bore an enviable reputation as one of
the best judges of a horse in the State, possessing
the rare faculty of " looking a horse over" in a
minute. This gift contributed largely to his suc-
cess in this business. Much of his time is given to
farming, his greatest pleasure being derived from
frequent visits to his large farm near the city, and
the supervision of his fine stock thereon.
In politics he has always been a Democrat, and
taken an active part in all the political campaigns
of his party since his youth. In the contest of 1876
he ran as the Democratic candidate for .sheriff of Mar-
ion County, but was defeated, as was the whole
Democratic ticket. In 1882 he was nominated at
the State Convention for Treasurer of State, was
elected, and assumed the office Feb. 10, 1883. His
218
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
acquaintance with prominent men in Indiana is
very large, as also with the distinguished men of
his party over the whole country. His frank man-
ner and genial character have made him numerous
friends. Coupled with these characteristics is a firm
will and great steadfastness of purpose. He is a
gentleman of fine physique, standing six feet two
inches in height, and finely proportioned, a splendid
type of physical manhood, and possessing the superior
quality of heart as well. He also evinces marked
decision of character, a quality which, while it has
not detracted from his popularity, has aided him
greatly during his active life. Mr. Cooper is a
supporter of the Third Presbyterian Church of
Indianapolis, of which Mrs. Cooper is a member.
A short time before the first issue of " State
scrip" a Mr. John Wood, who was concerned with
Mr. Underhill in establishing an iron foundry here
in 1835, put out a considerable amount of his own
notes called " shinplasters," thinking probably that
the storm in the East, which set in in 1837, would
not be much of a shower here. He went down in
the fall of 1841, after being in operation about three
years, making about the heaviest financial smash that
had then ever occurred here. The Free Banking
Act brought out a good many suggestions and pro-
jects of banking enterprises, some of which solidified
into actual experiments and issue of bills, but none
were very successful.
The " Bank of the Capital," belonging to John
Woolley & Co., was organized under the Free Bank
Act, and began business on South Meridian Street,
near Washington, in 1853, with Mr. Woolley as per-
manent cashier and active business man, and Winslow
S. Pierce and John H. Bradley as successive presi-
dents. The nominal capital was four hundred
thousand dollars. It went down September 15,
1857. The "Traders' Bank," belonging to John
Woolley and Andrew Wilson, began business on
North Illinois Street, near Washington, in 1854, and
suspended in a few months. The " Farmers' and
Mechanics' Bank" was started by Col. Allen May,
then recently State agent, and Mr. G. Lee, with the
colonel's nephew, W. Frank May, as cashier, early in
1854, on the ground-floor of the old Masonic Hall.
Frank May embezzled ten thousand dollars and ran
away. He was succeeded by 0. Williams, but the
bank never recovered that lost money and never re-
covered from the effect of it. The " Central Bank,"
owned chiefly by the late John D. Defrees and Ozias
Bowen, its successive presidents, began business with
a nominal capital of half a million dollars in July,
1855, in a room at No. 23 West Washington Street.
It wound up in a year or so with no serious loss. The
" Metropolitan Bank," started by Alexander F.
Morrison and some associates, with John P. Dunn
as president and Jerry Skeen as cashier, began
business in 1855 in Blake's Block, corner of Wash-
ington Street and Kentucky Avenue, but did little
business beyond issuing its notes and getting them
back.
These are all the banks of issue except national
banks that have been formed in Indianapolis, but
there have been a number, some still existing, that
were banks of deposit and loan only. The first of
these was the " Indianapolis Insurance Company,"
chartered in 1836, with a nominal capital of two
hundred thousand dollars, authorized to do both a bank-
ing and insurance business. It did not do much, and
suspended in 1840. In 1853 it was revived by the
late J. D. Defrees, Gen. Morris, and others, and after
six years of moderate operations suspended again.
In 1865 it was again revived and reorganized, with a
nominal capital of five hundred thousand dollars, by
a new company, and has since done a large business
BAXK OF COM.MICnCE.
in the old Branch Bank building, corner of Virginia
Avenue and Pennsylvania Street. Its business is
exclusively banking. The name was changed to the
Bank of Commerce some five or six years ago.
I
^•.^^/fe^^,
l/X_
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
219
About a year later than the shinplaster bank of
John Wood a private bank was opened by Edward S.
Alvord & Co. It continued in operation for about
four years, from 1839 to 1843. At the same time,
nearly, the late Stoughton A. Fletcher opened a bro-
ker's oflSce and private banking bu.siness on the north
side of Washington Street, on the site of the present
No. 8, subsequently removing to the opposite side of
the street, and in 1852 to the site now occupied by
the costly "stone front" of Fletcher & Churchman's
bank. Timothy Richardson Fletcher was a partner
from 1839 to 1858. On the 1st of June, 1864,
Stoughton A. Fletcher, Jr., and Francis M. Church-
man, who had long been employed in the bank,
formed a partnership, and the elder Stoughton retired
till Jan. 1, 1868, when he re-entered the bank, the
younger Stoughton, his nephew, retiring. The heirs
of the elder Stoughton, since his recent death, have
taken his place in the bank, in connection with Mr.
Churchman.
Stoughton A. Fletcher, Sr. — The subject of
this sketch was born in Ludlow, Vt., Aug. 22, 1808.
He was the youngest of a family of fifteen children.
His parents were among the hardy pioneers who
settled the Black River Valley, on the east side of
the Green Mountains, in the latter part of the last
century. His father, Jesse Fletcher, and his mother,
Lucy Keyes, were natives of Westford, Mass., and
possessed the vigorous qualities of mind and body
and the sturdy virtues characteristic of the New
England fathers. The family trace their origin in
this country to Robert Fletcher, who emigrated from
England and settled in Concord, Mass., in 1630.
The large family of Jesse Fletcher, most of whose
children became prominent citizens in other States,
were brought up in the rigorous climate, amid the
hardships and privations of a farmer's life, in North-
ern New England. Its cold, hard soil did not yield a
subsistence without a degree of toil and economy
rarely paralleled in the experience of modern pioneers
on the Western frontier.
Stoughton, as well as his elder brothers, was trained
in the industrious, simple habits of those early times.
The old farm bears to this day the marks of his hard
labor in its substantial stone walls laid by his own
hands. In tiiis school he acquired a practical knowl-
edge of agriculture which proved to be of the high-
est value in his extensive land purchases and farming
operations in subsequent life. His great delight in
nature and rural scenery is largely due, no doubt, to
the influence of the charming landscapes amid which
his childhood was passed. That Vermont home
among the mountains was always the dearest spot to
him on earth, and there, in the last years of his life,
he spent much of his time.
Mr. Fletcher came to Indianapolis in October,
1831. The city at that time was not more than a
flourishing Western village. He came without money,
depending solely on his industry, his capacity for
business, and the opportunity which the capital of a
new State afforded for advancing his fortunes.
Before entering into business engagements he vol-
unteered with other young men in a short campaign
against the Miami Indians, who then occupied a por-
tion of the State and harassed the frontier settlements.
During the first few years of his residence in
Indianapolis he engaged in mercantile pursuits. He
began as an employee for others, but soon undertook
business on his own account. Although successful
as a merchant, his mind turned to another occupa-
tion. Results proved that he was not mistaken in
judging that banking was his calling. His experi-
ence thus far was a good preparation for the real
business of his life. He had established an acquaint-
ance with the people among whom he was to live ; they
had confidence in him ; he now understood thor-
oughly the principles on which success is to be
achieved in a new town, where hundreds were to be
lured to ruin by the temptations of speculation.
Mr. Fletcher began as a private banker, and con-
tinued as such to the end of his life. He opened
his first ofiice in a .small room on Washington Street
in 1839. His capital in the start was small, being
his own earnings in previous business. The rapid
growth of the city, the great demand for money, the
prevailing spirit of enterprise opened to him a field
for business in which the possibilities of success were
fully matched by the dangers of failure. But this
was the field in which Mr. Fletcher's qualities were
destined to shine. His business principles wore
220
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
clearly defined and strictly adhered to. He trusted
to the laws of legitimate banking for his success.
Under his wise management " Fletcher's Bank" soon
gained, and has ever maintained, the reputation of
being one of the strongest and most conservative
banking institutions in the country. Mr. Fletcher's
business was by no means limited to his bank. He
was one of the principat owners of the Indianapolis
Gas-Light and Coke Company, of which he was one
of the founders. He had also acquired a large
amount of real estate, mostly in and near the city of
Indianapolis, including many valuable farms, chiefly
in the White River Valley, in Marion County.
A striking quality of Mr. Fletcher's mind was his
power to read character; he seldom erred in his judg-
ment of men. He formed his judgments indepen-
dently, and when he reached his conclusions he could
not be shaken by the dissenting opinion of those who
were about him.
A notable trait of his business career was his
careful attention to details. Nothing was small or
unimportant in his estimation. He could not bear
to see carelessness or unnecessary waste in the small-
est things. His was an economy which despised
nothing that had value in it, which could also coexist
with generous living and liberal benefactions to ob-
jects that seemed to him deserving. He was known
in the community as an unostentatious man, simple
in all his habits. He never sought or held public
o£Sce. He avoided publicity, especially in his acts
of beneficence. He was accustomed to make others
almoners of his charities that he might not be known
as the giver. He was broad and catholic in his
sympathies. Churches and institutions of all faiths
that he believed were doing good were aided by
him.
Even his nearest neighbors, seeing this plain, me-
thodical man daily passing from his house to his
place of business, might easily fail to understand
him. He had a life outside of his business to which
he seemed so devoted. He was a great lover of
nature, and a close observer of her moods and habits.
He knew the notes of birds, and had an intimate
knowledge of their peculiarities. He used to say the
trees and rocks around the old home of his youth
knew him and welcomed his visits. He read with
keen appreciation the poets of nature.
Although he walked somewhat apart from general
society, he discovered to his intimate friends the
finest social qualities ; with them he was hearty and
free and fascinating in the sparkle of his wit. He
had a pleasant word for those engaged in his service,
and always took an interest in improving their con-
dition.
Mr. Fletcher was thrice married, the first wife
being Maria Kipp, of Western New York, by whom
he had two daughters, Mrs. L. F. Hyde and Mrs.
Maria F. Ritzinger. His second wife was Miss Julia
Bullard, of Massachusetts. Two sons of the five
children of this marriage survive, Stoughton J.
Fletcher and Allen M. Fletcher. His third wife,
Mrs. Julia A. Johnson, survives him. There were
no children by this marriage.
He died March 17, 1882, esteemed by all who
knew him, and leaving a colossal fortune, which his
careful business habits and unswerving integrity had
vouchsafed to him.
On the 1st day of January, 1857, two years before
the expiration of the old State Bank charter, the
president and cashier of the Indianapolis branch, Mr.
Calvin Fletcher, Sr., — brother of Stoughton A., Sr.,
and father of Stoughton A., Jr., — and Mr. Thomas
H. Sharpe established a bank of loan and deposit on
the southwest corner of Washington and Pennsyl-
vania Streets, now occupied by the fine four-story
stone front of the firm of Fletcher & Sharpe, and
there they carried on a very successful business till
the death of Mr. Fletcher, in 1866, since which time
Mr. Fletcher's sons, Ingram and Albert E., in asso-
ciation with Mr. Sharpe, have maintained the bank
in still more extended operations with equal success
and security.
Thomas H. Sharpe. — Ebenezer Sharpe, the
father of Thomas H., was of Scotch-Irish ancestry,
and resided in Kentucky. He was married to Miss
Eliza Lake, of Scotch descent, and a native of Edin-
burgh. Their children were Alexander W., Thomas
H., Isabella M., Robina B., Eliza R., Amos H., James
McC, and Hester A., all of whom, with the excep-
tion of the latter, were born in Kentucky. The birth
?> --/
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
221
of their son Thomas H. occurred in Payette County,
of the latter State, on the 2d of August, 1808. In
1819 he became a resident of Bourbon County, his
early youth having been spent in his native county.
He was educated first at the Transylvania University,
in Lexington, and later in Paris, Ky., after which he
removed with his parents, in 1826, to Indianapolis,
and became for two years assistant to his father, who
had supervision of the public school of the city.
He then spent a year as deputy clerk in the office of
James M. Ray, the first county clerk, after which he
engaged for two years with William H. Morrison in
mercantile pursuits. Mr. Sharpe then became iden-
tified with the register's department of the land
office, and remained until 1835, when he entered the
Indianapolis branch of the State Bank as teller, and
filled this responsible position for a period of ten years,
when he was appointed to tlie more important office
of cashier of the bank. Here he remained until the
expiration of the charter of the bank, when, in con-
junction with Calvin Fletcher, Esq., he established
the Indianapolis Branch Banking Company, which
is still in existence under the style of Fletcher &
Sharpe, with Mr. Sharpe, S. A. Fletcher, Jr., Ingram
Fletcher, and Albert E. Fletcher as the firm. The
State Bank, under the cashiership of Mr. Sharpe,
attained a high degree of prosperity, and was largely
profitable to its stockholders, paying an average annual
dividend of eleven per cent, until the close of its
career. Mr. Sharpe is at present part owner of and
director in the Indianapolis National Bank. He has
been identified with many important public enter-
prises, having been for several years director and
treasurer of the Bellefontaine Railroad, now known
as the Bee Line, and director of the Cincinnati, In-
dianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago Railroad. He filled
the office, in 1831-32, of school commissioner for the
county, having in charge the lands appropriated by the
general government for school purposes. Mr. Sharpe,
while engaged in advancing the material interests of
Indianapolis, has not been unmindful of the demands
which the poor and neglected classes may with pro-
priety make upon more fortunate citizens. He has
aided greatly as president of the Indianapolis Benevo-
lent Association, and as one of its finance committee.
in disbursing the necessaries of life and promoting in
various ways the comfort and happiness of the city
poor. He was one of the projectors and is now a
director of the Crown Hill Cemetery As.sociation,
whose picturesque and attractive grounds are in the
city suburbs. Mr. Sharpe was formerly a stanch
Whig in his political affiliations, and later joined the
ranks of the Republican party, but is devoid of am-
bition for official honors. He was, in 1836, appointed
by the Governor agent of State for the town of Indi-
anapolis, having in charge the lands donated the State
by Congress for a permanent seat of government.
Upon these lands the capital of the State is now
located. He is in religion a Presbyterian, and an
elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Indian-
apolis, as was also his father. Mr. Sharpe was, in
1837, married to Miss Elizabeth C. Wilson, daughter
of John Wilson, of Pennsylvania. They have had
eleven children, of whom the survivors are Ebenezer,
Mary (Mrs. Joseph A. Moore), Isabella M., Eliza L.
(Mrs. Albert E. Fletcher), Anna H. (Mrs. H. H.
Hanna), Jessie (Mrs. Elbridge Gerry), and Wil-
liam E.
In May, 1854, Alfred Harrison, a prominent mer-
chant for many years, in connection with John S. C.
Harrison, opened an exchange office in the second
story of the "Johnson Block," next to the present
site of the bank, and remained there till the following
year in August, when they removed to the present
building, and have there conducted a steadily sound
and profitable private banking business. Samuel W.
Watson has been the cashier for many years. In the
spring of 1852, John WooUey & Co. opened a private
bank on the east side of South Meridian Street, in a
little frame now replaced by Blackford's Block, and
did a good business apparently till they joined it with
the " free" Bank of the Capital, when both went
under in 1857 with eighty thousand dollars of debts
and fifty-six thousand dollars of nominal assets that
paid very little. William Robson and A. L. Voorhee.s
established a savings-bank in Odd-Fellows' Hall, and
each was president, with Joseph R. Robinson as
cashier, who succeeded to the ownership in 1857, just
in time to go down under the strain made by the
failure of the Woolley bank. It went into the hands
222
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of a receiver who paid all its liabilities fully. In the
fall of 1862, Kilby Ferguson opened the " Merchants'
Bank," at No. 2 North Pennsylvania Street, specu-
lated in gold, and fell the next year in the summer.
He absconded for a while, but after some years re-
turned and settled with his creditors. In 1856,
George S. Hamer opened an exchange and broker's
office in the basement of the American (now Sherman)
House, put out a few " shinplasters," and found him-
self strongly suspected and finally arrested for cir-
culating counterfeit good paper as well as his own
genuine good-for-nothing paper, and giving bail, dis-
appeared finally.
In the latter part of 18.^4 there came a panic in
" free" bank business, and it disturbed all other busi-
ness seriously. How and why it came has been related
in the general history, but some incidents of it may
be noted here that were omitted there. On the 7th
of January, 1855, a convention of bankers met here
to make such a classification of " free" bank issues,
based on their securities deposited with the State
officers, as would enable the public to receive and use
them without apprehension, which was severely
straining all forms of trade, and without any risk of
loss. As heretofore stated, the best the convention
could do was to designate several banks as undoubt-
edly safe or " gilt-edged," but the more important
question as to the safety of banks about which busi-
ness men were uncertain, was left as unsatisfactory as
it was found. Holders of " free" bank bills had to
estimate them at the rate fixed by leading city
brokers, and every man with uncertain bills in his
hands hurried to spend them at their face or as near
it as he could, or pay his debts with ihem. Those
were the days, singular in all the annals of time,
when a creditor was not always well pleased to see a
debtor produce a roll of money to pay an old debt.
A legal " tender" had to prove the value of the
bills tendered. There was as much eagerness to get
rid of the money of the period, from the fall of 1854
till the summer of 1857, as there usually is to get it.
Nobody wanted to hoard unless it was gold, and be-
fore the war gold was a rare apparition in the ordi-
nary business of Indianapolis.
In April, 1856, a meeting of the business men of
the State was held here in the hall of the House
of Representatives to devise measures in defense of
the community against the ungenerous, not to say
rascally, operations of the business men of Cincinnati,
who made it a point to run back here all the " free"
bank bills they could get hold of and demand the
gold for them. It made no difference how sound
the bank was, its bills were hurried back to it by
these Cincinnati " horse-leech" speculators before
they had been out a week. Of course no bank could
stand that, and good banks began reducing or wind-
ing up their business. The trade of the State was
doubly embarrassed by the character of much of the
" free" bank issues, and by the abuse of what was
good by Cincinnati sharks. They used only their
legal right, to be sure, but they knew it was damag-
ing Indiana business and prostrating the chance of
rivalry with their houses by Indiana houses. That
was the motive of it, for there was no profit in run-
ning home good bills for gold that was not worth more
than a half per cent, premium. The expense was
more than the gain. Naturally the business men of
the city and State hated the " Hog City" — a name
with a double significance then — as heartily as any
one community ever did hate another without mak-
ing a feud of it. The object of the convention was
to change Indianapolis and Indiana trade generally
from Cincinnati, which was universally stigmatized
as the " Quean City," and " the meanest city on the
face of the earth." David K. Cartter, of Cleveland,
now chief justice of the Washington Supreme Court,
and a number of leading business men from Toledo,
Louisville, St. Louis, and Chicago, attended to work
in the interest of their respective cities. The in-
formation given by them was not wasted. Cincinnati
lost business that she never got again, and never
will.
In February, 1856, a banking-house, under the
firm-name of Dunlevy, Haire & Co., was opened in the
corner room of Blake's Block for the especial purpose
of gathering up " free" bank bills and sending them
home for gold. It was a creature of the Cincinnati
" gougers," and did them effective service. It sent
to Cincinnati $2,000,000 in the first three months
after it began operations. This was one of the pro-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
voking causes of the convention. On the 1st of
March, 1865, the " Indiana Banking Company" was
formed witli seven associates, F. A. W. Davis as
president, and William W. Woollen as cashier. Its
first location was the Vance corner, the next at No.
28 East Washington Street, then on the completion
of the Hubbard Block, it moved there and died. It
had become largely the property of the late Wm. H.
Morrison some years before his death, and he had
later obtained a heavy interest in the First National
Bank. After his death there seems to have been
.some imprudent management in both the connected
banks, and rumors of weakness got abroad on the 9th
of August, and a day or two before, causing a run on
the 9th, and the closing of both banks. The " bank-
ing company's" affairs were put into the hands of a
receiver. The First National was taken hold of by
some heavy capitalists who had previously held slighter
interests, and made safe, with an enlargement of its
capital.
J. B. Ritzinger opened a savings-bank on the
26th of March, 1868, at 38 East Washington Street,
with A. W. Ritzinger as cashiei', and has main-
tained it in a good business ever since. In March,
1870, Woollen, Webb & Co. opened a bank of loan
and deposit on West Washington Street, which
did well till the panic of 1873 caused its sus-
pension for some months. Then it resumed, but a
couple of years ago it became embarrassed, made an
assignment, and closed finally. Isaiah Mansur opened
a private bank on East Washington Street, corner
of Alabama, some fifteen years ago. After his re-
tirement from the presidency of the Citizens' Bank
he continued there in business till his death. In
1874 the "Central Bank" was organized by J. M.
Ridenour and C. B. Cones, the former as president,
the latter as cashier, with Israel Taylor as assistant.
Ill 1875, B. Frank Kennedy and James A. WiWfuan
purcha.sed Mr. Ridenour's interest, and Mr. Kennedy
became president. The original capital was 850,000,
but was increased to $100,000 when the change was
made in proprietorship. It failed in 1881, and went
into the hands of a receiver. Its affairs are not
wholly settled yet. In January, 1876, the old "In-
diana Insurance Company" was reorganized by Wil-
liam Henderson and others as a banking-house. In
February, 1878, under a stress which caused some
embarrassment, the capital was reduced, and in 1879
the name was changed to the " Bank of Commerce,"
which it still retains, with a profitable and consider-
able business. John W. Ray is cashier.
In anticipation of the close of the old State Bank a
combination of capitalists obtained a charter for a sort
of successor, called the " Bank of the State," with sev-
enteen branches and a capital of one million eight hun-
dred and thirty-six thousand dollars. It began busi-
ness Jan. 2, 1857, and continued, with fair .sucoe.ss, till
the establishment of the national banking .system super-
seded it. In January, 1865, after being in operation
eight years, the Legislature authorized it to redeem
its stock, distribute its surplus funds, and close up its
business. It did so with convenient speed, and the
branches became national banks in most cases, if not
ail. The first president of the Bank of the State
was Hugh McCulIoch, of Fort Wayne, afterwards
Secretary of the Treasury. His successor was Gr. W.
Rathbone, and James M. Ray followed last, after
serving as cashier from the organization. Joseph M.
Moore succeeded Mr. Ray as cashier. The branch
in this city was organized July 25, 1855, with W. H.
Talbott as president and one hundred thousand dol-
lars capital (afterwards increased to two hundred
thousand dollars). It changed hands in about two
years, when George Tousey became president, and C.
S. Stevenson cashier, who left the place to become
paymaster in the army in 1861, and was succeeded by
David E. Snyder, and he by David M. Taylor in
1866. Oliver Tousey succeeded George in the presi-
dency in June, 1866, when the latter became presi-
dent of the " Indiana National Bank," in which the
remains of the branch bank were absorbed. It was
wound up in 1867. The " Indiana National" suc-
ceeded it in the corner room of Yohn's Block, north-
east corner of Washington and Meridian Streets.
V. T. Malott is now its president.
VoLNET T. Malott. — The parents of Volney T.
Malott were William H. and Leah P. (McKown)
Malott. The former was engaged in farming in Jef-
ferson County, Ky., but in 1841 removed to Salem,
Washington Co., Ind., where he embarked with his
224
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
brother, Maj. Eli W. Malott, in mercantile ventures.
The family settled in Kentucky soon after the close
of the Revolutionary war, in which some of its mem-
bers participated. The paternal grandfather of the
subject of this sketch engaged in the war of 1812 in
Canada, and his maternal grandfather in the Indian
war in Indiana. William H. Malott died Nov. 5,
1845, leaving a young widow with three small chil-
dren,— Volney T., Mary C, and Eli W. (an infant,
who died one month after the death of his father).
Mrs. Malott, in 1847, married John F. Ramsey, and
removed with her two young children to Indianapo-
lis. Volney T., who was born in Jefferson County,
Ky., Sept. 9, 1838, attended first a school taught by
John I. Morrison, and later completed a common-
school education here, first under Rev. William A.
Holliday, and afterwards with Professor B. F. Lang
and at the Central High School. At the age of sixteen
he entered the banking-house of John WooUey & Co.
(Bank of the Capital), having previously been em-
ployed as clerk during vacations and for a time as
messenger in the Traders' Bank. This early apti-
tude for business made his services in demand and
secured a desirable position for the young man when
he should desire to embark in the active pursuits of
life. For a while he acted as teller of the bank he
first entered, and in 18.57 was chosen teller of the
Indianapolis branch of the Bank of the Slate of In-
diana, where he remained until August, 1862, re-
signing to accept the position of secretary and treas-
urur of the Peru and Indianapolis Railroad, to which
he had been elected. He was appointed State director
of the branch bank in 1864. In 1865 he, with
others, organized the Merchants' National Bank of
Indianapolis, and was elected cashier, retaining the
oflBce of treasurer of the railroad.
In the spring of 1870 he resigned the office of
cashier of the bank to take charge of the construction
of the Michigan City and Indianapolis Railroad.
The road was completed early in 1871, and, with the
Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville Railroad, passed
under control of the Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago
Railway Company (formerly Peru and Indianapolis
Railroad Company), of which he was treasurer and a
director. In 1875 he was elected general manager of
the road, continuing until 1879, when he was elected
vice-president, having charge of the road as acting
president until 1884, when it was leased to the Wa-
bash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad Company. In
October, 1878, he was elected president of the Mer-
chants' National Bank, and in 1882 sold his interest
in the bank and resigned the presidency, purchasing
shares in the Indiana National Bank, which was the
successor of the branch of the Bank of the State of
Indiana, where he was formerly teller ; he was elected
president of the bank, which position he holds at this
time. As an officer of the Brazil Block Coal Company,
he has aided in the extension of the block coal trade
to Northern Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois. He has
taken a deep interest in the improvement of Michigan
City harbor, and by his counsel and labor has ren-
dered valuable aid to this important work. In July,
1883, he was elected vice-president and manager of
the Indianapolis Union Railway Company, lessees of
the Belt Railroad. He is also a member of the firm
of John Hilt & Co., wholesale ice dealers of Laporte,
Ind., the earliest firm of exclusively wholesale ice
dealers in the State. Mr. Malott, in 1862, married
Miss Caroline, daughter of Hon. David Macy, of
Indianapolis. Their children are a son and five
daughters. The great success that has been obtained
by Mr. Malott in his various business enterprises is
due to his steady persistence, stern integrity, and ex-
cellent judgment, qualities that rank him with the
leading financiers of the State. The subject of this
biographical sketch is in his religious predilections a
Methodist and member of Meridian Street Methodist
Episcopal Church, of which he is trustee and chair-
man of the finance committee.
The first national bank organized here was formed
by William H. English and ten associates, on the
11th of May. 1853, with a capital of one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars, and the name of the
" First National Bank," and located in Odd-Fellows'
Hall. Its capital was increased to one million dol-
lars in 1870, but reduced to about half some years
later when business declined. William R. Nof-
singer, treasurer of State in 1855, was the first
cashier. He was succeeded by Lewis Jordan, and
he by John C. New in 1865. The bank was re-
/^^*^ /^^y
^{^j\^^^^^^^
I
\\^^^ ^^k^^<yL ^^^^"^2^1^^^-^^^^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
225
moved the followint; October to the Blackford Block,
where it still is. Mr. New became president in 1877,
purchasing Mr. English's interest, the latter retiring
until August, 1883, when the bank became embar-
rassed by its connection with the Indiana Banking
Company and other co-operating troubles, and Mr.
English, with Mr. De Pauw and Mr. Claypool,
formed a combination to protect it and take the
affair in their own hands. Satisfactory arrange-
ments were made with the other stockholders, de-
positors paid, the capital enlarged, and the bank set
firmly on its feet again, with Mr. English as president.
The " Citizens' National Bank" was the second of
its class organized here. It was effected Nov. 28,
1864, with two hundred thousand dollars capital.
The prime mover in its organization and its first
president was Isaiah Mansur, with Asa G. Petti- j
bone as cashier. In December, 1865, it coalesced \
with the " Fourth National Bank," organized the
previous January by T. Richardson Fletcher, for
many years previously a partner of Stoughton A.
Fletcher, Sr., in the "Fletcher Bank," with Joseph
R. Haugh as cashier, and doing business in the Yohn
Block on North Meridian Street. A removal of the
combined banks was then made to No. 2 East Wash-
ington Street, and a few years later to the four-story
stone-front building erected especially for it on the
south side of East Washington Street, where it now
is. Joseph R. Haugh was made cashier of the com-
bination, which retained the name of " Citizens'
National Bank." Mr. Mansur's health compelled
his retirement from the presidency in 1868, but he
subsequently opened a private bank on the corner of
Alabama and Washington Streets, which he con-
ducted till his death. He was succeeded by the late
W. Canada Holmes.
Isaiah Mansur. — The parents of Mr. Mansur
were Jeremy Mansur, a native of New Hampshire,
and Jane Carr, born in Virginia, who emigrated to
Indiana in 1816, and settled in the county of Wayne,
where their son Isaiah was born on the 14th of
April, 1824. His father combined the occupation
of an axe-maker with that of a farmer, in both of
which he was known as a master of his craft. The
family, in 1825, removed from their first location
15
to Richmond, Ind., when Mr. Mansur opened a retail
dry-goods and grocery-store, and by industry and
attention to the wants of his patrons succeeded in
establishing a lucrative trade, whereby he gained a
competency. He continued in business at Richmond
until 1847, and then removed to Indianapolis, where
he engaged in pork-packing, which, together with
farming, was followed until his death in 1874. It
will be readily seen that his son Isaiah, from early
childhood, breathed an atmosphere of industry which
left an impress upon his character, and largely
moulded his subsequent career. His early educa-
tion was obtained at the public schools and at the
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, where his studies
were completed in 1845. While at college he was
the room-mate of the late Senator 0. P. Morton, with
whom a friendship was formed which lasted during
the latter's lifetime. It was largely through his
friend's assistance that Mr. Morton was enabled to
finish his course, his means being exceedingly lim-
ited. After leaving Oxford Mr. Mansur engaged
with his father in the pork-packing business for one
season, working as a day laborer for wages ; but con-
cluding to make the law his profession, he entered
the office of Hon. John S. Newman, when he was
again associated in his studies with the future Sena-
tor Morton. After reading law for eighteen months
his father's failing health compelled his return to
the business, which had reached large proportions
and required his presence. His entire attention was
given to the pork-packing interests — then, as now,
one of the important industries of Indianapolis —
until 1862, when he projected and established the
Citizens' National Bank of Indianapolis, of which he
became president. He continued in that capacity
until 1868, when his connection with this bank
ceased, and he immediately opened a private bank-
ing-house. During the stirring times of the late
war Mr. Mansur was appointed commissary-general
of the State of Indiana by Governor Morton, and
' rendered valuable service to the cause of the Union,
i feeding the soldiers in camp at Indianapolis on his
own credit when the State treasury was depleted.
j Mr. Mansur was always a consistent member of the
J Republican party, though not active as a politician.
226
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
He was never desirous of official place, and gave his
energies entirely to business, which aside from his
banking enterprise included the management of a
large amount of real estate, of which he was the
owner. He was a man of strict business principles,
of persistent energy, and of untiring application to
the object in view. His industry was especially one
of the important factors in his success. He was
widely known as a shrewd, careful, enterprising man,
whose integrity was unquestioned. These qualities
rendered his career a prosperous one, and placed his
name upon the roll of citizens who have shaped the
business destinies of the capital of Indiana. His
death occurred Dec. 3, 1880. A widow and two
children survive him.
William Canada Holmes. — William Holmes,
the father of William Canada, was a native of West-
moreland County, Pa., but removed at an early age
to Ohio, and in 1821 settled in Marion County, Ind.,
where he became an influential citizen and resided
until his death in 1858. He married Elizabeth
Lyons and had twelve children, of wlioin the third
son, the subject of this sketch, was born on the
homestead May 23, 1826. He received a fair Eng-
lish education, and at the age of seventeen assumed
the management of his father's saw-mill, which he
continued to run until he had attained his twentieth
year. He had, besides materially assisting his father,
acquired a small capital, and finding the business
profitable, continued it for a period of sixteen years.
He was married, Dec. 15, 1849, to Miss Catharine,
second daughter of James Johnson, to whom were
born children, — Sarah Alice (Mrs. George W. John-
son), M. Ellen, Martha Ann (Mrs. Frank L. Fergu-
son), Johnson Canada, Catharine Snively, Rose Han-
nah, and two who died in childhood. In 1857, Mr.
Holmes purchased the property known as the Isaac
Pugh farm and built upon it an elegant residence,
which was for many years the home of the family.
By the purchase of an interest in the Fourth
National Bank of Indianapolis, in 1865, Mr. Holmes
became its president. This bank was later consoli-
dated with the Citizens' National Bank, of which he
also acted as president. He then formed a copart-
nership with Messrs. Coffin & Landers, for the pur-
pose of purchasing and packing pork, under the firm-
name of Coffin, Holmes & Landers, which continued
for one year, after which he became a member of the
firm of Holmes, Pettit & Bradshaw. This firm
conducted an extensive business in pork-packing,
the building and grounds alone costing over one
hundred thousand dollars. In 1880 he established,
with his partner, the firm of Holmes & Claypool,
proprietors of the Indianapolis Hominy Mills, having
prior to that date been largely engaged in the manu-
facture of staves near Cairo, 111. He was one of the
promoters of the Union Railway Transfer and Stock-
Yard Company, of which he was a director. Mr.
Holmes evinced much public spirit, and in various
ways promoted the material growth of Indianapolis.
He donated both land and large sums of money to
aid in the erection of manufacturing establishments.
He was a man of great executive ability, immense
industry, and of strict integrity. These qualities as
a rule rendered his business ventures successful.
He was a Republican in his political affiliations, but
not actively interested in party difierences nor a
seeker for official honors. He was a member of the
Central Christian Church of Indianapolis, as also his
wife and two daughters. The death of Mr. Holmes
occurred Nov. 27, 1883, in his fifty-eighth year.
The " Indianapolis National Bank" was organized
Dec. 15, 1864, with Theodore P. Haughey as presi-
dent, and Ingram Fletcher as cashier. Mr. Fletcher
was succeeded in 1866 by Mr. A. F. Williams. The
capital of the bank is five hundred thousand dollars,
its location the corner room of Odd-Fellows' Hall.
Mr. Haughey is still president; Henry Latham is
cashier.
Theodore P. Haughey. — The birth of Theodore
P. Haughey occurred in Smyrna, Del., on the 26th
of November, 1826. Here he remained until early
manhood and enjoyed such advantages of education
as the neighboring schools afforded, when Baltimore,
Md., became his home. In the spring of 1848,
having acquired a thorough business education, he
removed to Indianapolis, where, since that date, he
has been actively engaged in many of its most im-
portant interests. He at first obtained employment
as an accountant and book-keeper, and gradually rose
y^yTft^-T-^z^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
227
to more lucrative and responsible positions. In the
year 1854 he was connected with Hon. John D. De-
frees in the publication of the Indianapolis Journal.
For a number of years Mr. Haughey was secretary
and treasurer of one of the leading railroads centre-
ing in Indianapolis. During the civil war he was
appointed by President Lincoln collector of internal
revenue for the Indianapolis district. This office,
which was the only one of a political nature he was
prevailed upon to accept, was resigned in 1864, to
represented the Second Ward in the City Council
of Indianapolis, and, in deference to his ability as a
financier, was made chairman of the finance commit-
tee. Just prior to the late war he had the pleasure
of reporting the city free of debt. He has been for
thirty years treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Inde-
pendent Order of Odd-Fellows of Indiana, and
wielded no little influence in shaping the prosperous
condition of its treasury. This is said to be one of
the most flourishing and wealthy lodges in the Union.
^. fy^-^y
enter upon his duties as president of the Indianapolis
National Bank, which position he still holds, being
the oldest national bank president in the city. He
enjoys the reputation of being a shrewd, careful, and
conscientious financier, living up to every obligation,
while free from the narrow-minded prejudices of the
mere .seeker after wealth. He has ever manifested a
deep interest in the progress of education, and for a
number of years has been a trustee of the Asbury Uni-
versity at Grecncastle, and one of the supervisory loan
committee of its fund. Mr. Haughey for six years
Mr. Haughey is a liberal supporter of all worthy en-
terprises, and for years has been a prominent member
of the Meridian Street Methodist Episcopal Church
of the city of his residence. He represented the
Indiana Conference as a lay delegate in the General
Conference held at Baltimore in 1876, and has been
otherwise active in church and Sunday-school work.
Personally Mr. Haughey is a gentleman of genial
character and uniformly courteous in his demeanor.
He is close in his attention to business, devoid of
pretence in his manner, and considerate of the opin-
228
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ions of others. On the 8th of November, 1853, he
was married to Miss Hannah, daughter of C. G.
Moore, of Newark, Ohio. Their children are two
sons and a daughter, the latter of whom died at the
age of six years. The elder son, Louis Chauncey, is
engaged in manufacturins:, and married to MissZelda,
daughter of William Wallace, Esq. The younger
son, Schuyler C, was named after Schuyler Colfax, a
lifelong friend of his father.
The '* Merchants' National Bank" was organized
Jan. 17, 1865, with one hundred thousand dollars
capital, and Henry Schnull as president, and V. T.
Malott as cashier. It was at first located at 23 North
Meridian Street, and then removed to 48 East Wash-
ington, and in the fall of 1883 to the roomg of the
" Indiana Banking Company," in Hubbard's Block.
In January, 1882, John P. Frenzel was elected pres-
ident, and his brother Otto cashier. Mr. Frenzel, the
president, has been connected with the bank sixteen
years. He is a member of the school board and one
of the three metropolitan police commissioners. John
S. Newman succeeded Mr. Schnull in the presidency
in 1866. Dr. Harvey G. Carey was for some years
one of the leading men in the ownership and man-
agement of this bank, but retired recently.
Harvet Gatch CarSt, M.D., an account of
whose ancestry will be found in the sketch of his
brother, Simeon B., was born in Shelby County, Ohio,
on the 18th of August, 1826. He remained upon
the farm of his father until sixteen years of age, em-
ployed in such active labor as is incident to an agri-
cultural life. At the age of sixteen, feeling the want
of better educational advantages than were offered by
the winter terms of country schools, he left home and
entered the academy of Harrison Maltley, in Sidney,
Ohio, where he remained two years, and acquired a
fair English education and enough knowledge of the
ancient languages as to enable him successfully to
prosecute the study of the profession upon which he
. was about to enter. Here also he formed the habits
of systematic study and thought that moulded and
characterized his professional life. At the termina-
tion of his academic course he commenced the study
of medicine with Dr. Henry S. Conklin, an eminent
physician in that part of Ohio, where he remained
for three years, and in the mean while attended lec-
tures in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati,
which embraced in its faculty some of the most distin-
guished teachers in the country. Though qualified to
pass a successful examination at the end of the second
course, he was too young to be admitted to a degree,
and at the termination of the third term of lectures,
in a competitive examination of one hundred and
fifty students, he was elected physician to the Com-
mercial Hospital of Cincinnati, where he served the
usual term of one year. The large clinical experi-
ence thus acquired fitted him at once to take a high
rank in his profession.
In April, 1849, he located in Dayton, Ohio, and
continued in the practice of his profession until 1863,
the date of his removal to Indianapolis. Epidemic
cholera made its appearance in Dayton soon after he
opened his oflBce, and, having had some experience
with this formidable disease in the hospital, it served
as a means of securing an early professional recogni-
tion and practice, which came to him promptly, and
increased until it became the most desirable and
lucrative in the city. The doctor found ample time
during the early years of his professional life to culti-
vate the literature of his profession, and was an active,
working member of the local, State, and national
medical societies, and was also a regular contributor
to the medical journals of that time. Finding his
health suffering, the doctor, notwithstanding his suc-
cess as a practitioner, determined to divest himself of
its exactions and devote himself to new business in-
terests that then offered, and identified himself with
the management of the Indiana Central Railroad as
its superintendent. In 1863 and 1864, as contractor,
he built the Richmond and Covington Railroad, which
forms the present continuous line from Columbus to
Indianapolis. Having sold his interest in the Co-
lumbus and Indianapolis Railroad, he became a leading
stockholder in the Merchants' National Bank of Indi-
anapolis, and continued his relations with this bank, as
director, vice-president, or president, until 1879, when
he retired from active business. He is now a member
of the firm of Layman, Carey & Co., where he has
held an interest since his retirement from the bank.
Dr. Carey was married, Nov. 25, 1851, to Mary
AJ^ t::^..-^^ ^ ^-^/^'^^c.
t^i^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
229
Ellen, daughter of Judge John S. Newman, of Cen-
treville, Wayne Co., Ind. Their children are Ger-
trude N., married to Dr. Henry Jameson ; John N.,
married to Mary Stewart ; Sidney H., infant (de-
ceased) ; and Jacob Lowe. The doctor manifests a
deep interest in the public schools of Indianapolis.
Professor A. C. Shortridge, Austin H. Brown, and
the subject of this sketch drafted and secured the
enactment of the present law under which the public
schools of the city of Indianapolis are so successfully
managed. He has been, with the exception of one
term, continuously a member of the board of com-
missioners since the passage of the law in 1871,
and most of this period its treasurer. By patient
perseverance and application he laid the foundation
for a career of exceptional success in his profession,
while a thorough scholastic training eminently quali-
fied him for his connection with the educational
interests of the city. The doctor is in polities a
Republican, having identified himself with that party
on its formation. He has been since his twenty-first
year a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
and held ofiicial relations with the Meridian Street
Methodist Episcopal Church, which he aided in
building, since his residence in Indianapolis.
David Macy has been a prominent man in several
lines of enterprise that have contributed to the up-
building of Indianapolis. He was one of the leading
pork-packers before the war ; was subsequently one
of the most prominent and efiicient of our railroad
managers as president of the Peru road, and is
equally prominent and respected as a bank manager.
He is now president of the Meridian National Bank,
which was organized in 1871, with the late John H.
Farquhar as president, and Charles F. Hogate as
cashier. The present capital is two hundred thou-
sand dollars. F. P. Woollen is the cashier.
Hon. David Macy. — The Macy family are of
English descent, the earliest representative in America
having been Thomas Macy, who resided in the parish
of Chilmark, near Salisbury, in the county of Wilt-
shire, England. He embarked for America about the
year 1635, and settled near Newbury, Mass., in
the year 1659. Owing to the persecutions he and
others suffered from the Puritans, the island of Nan-
tucket was purchased by thom from the Indians. He
with his family embarked the same year, and located
where the village of Nantucket now stands. In the
direct line of descent was Joseph Macy, who resided
on the same spot until thirty years of age, when he
removed to Guilford, N. C, and engaged in milling
and other enterprises. He married a Miss Mary
Starbuck, of Massachusetts, and had among his chil-
dren Albert Macy, born in 177-1, at Nantucket, who,
when a child, emigrated with his parents to North
Carolina, where he was reared. He married Nancy
Wall, of Virginia, and had children, — Joseph, Eliza-
beth, Hiram, David, Phoebe, William, Mahala, and
Lydia. David, of this number, was born Dec. 25,
1810. He removed with his parents, when but ten
years of age, to Indiana, and settled in Randolph
County, then very thinly settled. He labored on the
farm of his father until eighteen years of age, assist-
ing in clearing the ground, rolling and burning logs,
making rails, and doing other work incident to the
life of a pioneer. During the winter months a
common-school education was acquired at the country
school of the neighborhood. He then began work
with Hiram Macy, his brother, as a millwright, and
continued thus employed for nearly three years. He
then abandoned his trade and began the study of
law at Centreville, Wayne Co., in the same State.
Having applied himself with diligence for two years,
be was admitted to the bar March 3, 1832, his
license having been granted by Hon. Charles H.
Test and Hon. M. C. Eggleston, the circuit judges.
The same year he began practice at New Castle,
Henry Co., and in 1833 he was licensed to practice
in the Supreme Court of the State, and in 1835 be-
came a candidate for representative in the State Leg-
islature, to which office he was elected for that and
the two succeeding terms. During his official career
he was one of the most earnest advocates of the sys-
tem of internal improvements, and supported meas-
ures for the appropriation of funds to aid in the
construction of railroads, canals, turnpikes, and high-
ways in various portions of the State. No little
credit for the achievements of Indiana in this matter
is due to his energetic and whole-souled advocacy.
Mr. Macy was, in 1838, elected by the Legislature
230
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
prosecuting attorney for the Sixth •Judicial District of
the State for the term of two years. In 1840 he
removed to Lawrenceburg, Dearborn Co., and resided
there until 1852, practicing his profession, serving as
mayor of the city for two years, and representing the
county in the State Legislature for the years 1845-46.
In 1852 he removed to Indianapolis, his present place
of residence. Mr. Macy was, in 1855, elected presi-
dent of the Peru and Indianapolis Railroad (I., P.
and C. Railway Company), and, with the exception
of a short interval, held its control and management
until Jan. 1, 1880, when his resignation as president
of the company took effect. In January, 1876, he
was elected president of the Meridian National Bank,
of Indianapolis, and continues to fill the duties of
that office. Mr. Macy is a man of unostentatious
demeanor, frank and candid in his bearing, with the
suavity and simplicity of the old-school gentleman.
He is in business relations a man of untiring energy
and unimpeachable integrity, in the State a public-
spirited citizen, and in the church an active and
zealous member, with liberality towards all deserving
objects. Mr. Macy was married Jan. 17, 1837, to
Miss Mary Ann Patterson, of Indianapolis. Their
only daughter, Carrie, is the wife of V. T. Malott,
general manager of the Indianapolis, Peru and
Chicago Railroad, which, under Mr. Macy's super-
vision, has become one of the most popular roads in
the State.
In the fall of 1872 two savings-banks were es-
tablished here, the organization of both being com-
pleted within a few weeks of each other. One was
the "State Savings-Bank," of which James M. Ray,
the veteran banker, was cashier and manager ; the
other the "Indianapolis Savings-Bank," of which
John W. Ray — no relation of James M., but a son
of the eloquent pioneer Methodi.st preacher, Edwin
Ray — was cashier. The former was for some years
conducted in the room of the Meridian National Bank,
on South Meridian Street, in the " Condit Block,"
but its business increasing, it required more room
and removed to North Pennsylvania Street. There
it became embarrassed and was placed in a receiver's
hands January, 1878. The " Indianapolis Savings-
Bank," on Market Street, became embarrassed about
a year later, and was put in the hands of a receiver
in December, 1878. The former is about closed out
with little loss to any one. The latter has paid a
considerable portion of its indebtedness, but is not
expected to pay in full.
In this connection may be properly noticed the
organizations and agencies for the conduct of insur-
ance business that have been put in operation here.
The first of these as noticed in the general history
was the " Indiana Insurance Company," formed in
1836 by the citizens of the town, with Douglass
Maguire as president, and Caleb Scudder secretary,
a nominal capital of two hundred thousand dollars,
and never any business to correspond. After two or
three suspensions and revivals, as already stated, it
was solidly reorganized in 1865, with Wm. Hender-
son as president, and Alex. C. Jameson as secretary,
and made exclusively a banking institution in the
old branch bank building. The " Indiana Mutual
Insurance Company" was chartered Jan. 30, 1837,
and organized in February following, with James
Blake as president, and Charles W. Cady as secretary.
It did well for a few years, but finally failed in 1853.
The " Indiana Fire Insurance Company" was formed
in February, 1851, with a nominal capital of three
hundred thousand dollars. It did little and sus-
pended in a few years. The " German Mutual Fire
Insurance Company" was organized in 1854, January
21, and has continued successfully ever since. The
presidents have been Henry Buscher, Julius Boet-
ticher, and Adoiph Seidensticker ; the secretaries,
Adolph Seidensticker, Valentine Butsch, Charles
Volmer, Charles Balke, Adolph Miller, and F.
Ritzinger. Mr. Ritzinger has long stood among
the most respected of the business men and com-
mercial men of the city.
Frederick Ritzinger. — Prominent among the
German citizens who assisted in transforming Indian-
apolis from a small town to a large city of metropol-
itan aspirations was Frederick Ritzinger, born June
8, 1819, at Woerrstadt, near Mayence, Germany.
His parents had destined and educated him for the
priesthood, but the spirit of liberalism prevailing
among the rising generation, and the conviction that
nature had intended him for a more active life, caused
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
231
him to change his vocation over the protests of his
parents when the time arrived.
He devoted himself during early manhood to agri-
culture and wine-growing. On the 1.5th of May, 1841,
he was married to Miss Marianne Kamp, who still
survives him. When the German-Catholic move-
ment was inaugurated by Ronge in 18-i4 he sup-
ported it, and also identified himself with all progres-
sive political aspirations. From 1848 to 1850 he
was one of the active and eflRcient supporters of the
movement to liberalize the German Confederation,
and consequently was imprisoned in the Castle of
Mayence when the reactionary party triumphed.
After his liberation he emigrated to the United
States, and arrived at Indianapolis March 4, 1853.
He engaged in farming in the suburbs until 1859,
when he moved to the city and established an agency
for the collection of claims and estates in Germany
and the sale of foreign exchange.
His obliging disposition, active habits, strong intel-
lect, and wonderful sociability soon caused him to be
sought for in public and private enterprises. He
interested himself greatly for the independent German
and English school, and helped to develop this enter-
prise to a condition of great usefulness. A very
large proportion of the children of German citizens
were educated in this institution. At the beginning
of the civil war he was prominently engaged in the
organization of the Thirty-second (German) Indiana
Regiment, and induced Col., afterward Gen., Willich
to drill and assume its command. From 1862 to
1873 he acted as secretary and manager of the Ger-
man Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Indiana,
which during his management became well known
arid prospered by increase of business and resources.
His house served as a social centre, not only for
the prominent German citizens of Indianapolis, but
for nearly all distinguished German visitors of the
city. His own social talents, assisted by those of his
daughter. Miss Mary Rilzinger, made the hours spent
there memorable as occasions of pleasure.
His oldest son, J. B. Ritzinger, became the founder
of the still flourishing Ritzinger's Bank, which after
his premature death was continued by his two re-
maining sons, F. L. and A. W. Ritzinger. About
one year subsequent to the death of his son, and
after a long and trying illness, Mr. Frederick Ritz-
inger died on the 10th of November, 1879, sincerely
mourned by his family and a large circle of friends.
The "Indiana Fire Insurance Company" — the
second pne with that name — was organized May 9,
1862, with Jonathan S. Harvey as president, and W.
T. Gibson as secretary. It was located in Odd-Fel-
lows' Hall. The " Sinnisippi Mutual Insurance Com-
pany" was organized Nov. 18, 1863, with Elijah
Goodwin as president, and John R. Barry as secretary.
It kept in business till 1866, when it capsized from
carrying too much sail, and went into a receiver's
hands. The " Equitable Fire Insurance Company"
was formed on the mutual plan in September, 1863,
by William A. Peelle, then recently secretary of
State, as president, and E. D. Olin as secretary, with
an office in Odd-Fellows' Hall. It suspended and
went into a receiver's hands in 1868. The " Home
Mutual Insurance Company" was organized April,
1864, with J. C. GeisendorfF as president, and J. B.
Follett as secretary. It suspended voluntarily in
June, 1868, and was put into the hands of a receiver.
The office was at 64 East Washington Street. The
"Farmers' and Merchants' Insurance Company" was
organized on the 1st of April, 1864, with Dr. Ryland
T. Brown as president, and A. J. Davis as secretary.
The office was in Blackford's Block. It stopped
business in the summer of 1867, and closed up its
accounts. The " Union Insurance Company" was
organized as a stock company in 1865, with a capital
nominally of two hundred thousand dollars, and
James M. Ray as president, and D. W. Grubbs as
secretary. It was opened on North Pennsylvania
Street, but removed to Dunlop's building in 1867,
when Elijah B. Martindale became president, and
George W. Dunn secretary. It did not succeed, and
in April, 1868, it voluntarily wound up its afi'airs
and dissolved. The "Home" Company, of New
York, took its risks. The " American Horse Insur-
ance Company" was formed in August, 1865, with
Thomas B. McCarty, then recently State auditor, as
president, and J. F. Payne as secretary. Its object
was the insurance against loss from the death of val-
uable domestic animals. Its nominal capital was one
232
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
huodred thousand dollars. The " Franklin Mutual
Life Insurance Company" was formed in July, 1866,
with James M. Ray as president, and D. W. Grubbs
as secretary. The office was first opened at No. 19
North Meridian Street, but in April, 1868, the old
State Bank building, corner of Kentucky Avenue
and Illinois Street, was purchased, and business has
been largely and successfully carried on there ever
since.
The Etna Company, of Hartford, Conn., may be
noticed here as maintaining the oldest agency in
the city, and having erected here on North Penn-
sylvania Street a handsome four-story building for its
own uses and for rent. The first agent here was
Simon Yandes, law partner of ex-Senator Oliver H.
Smith. William Sullivan was also an early agent,
but William Henderson held the agency longest and
raised the business to its present level, which Mr.
A. Abromet, his successor, has fully sustained. In
1851 the '• Franklin Fire Insurance Company," of
Franklin, Johnson Co., was chartered, and business
carried on there in an indiflferent way till 1871, when
the company was reorganized and removed to the
city. In 1874 the present handsome building was
erected by it for its own use and for rent. The full-
size statue of Franklin which occupies a niche in the
second story of the Circle Street front was made by
a stone-cutter of the city, named Mahoney, whose
artistic talent might make him noted in that direc-
tion if cultivated. The capital of the " Franklin Fire
Insurance Company" is two hundred and fifty thou-
sand dollars. J. E. Robertson is president, William
Wesley Woollen, vice-president, and Gabriel Schmuck,
secretary.
CHAPTER X.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS— (Conlmiierf.)
THE PRESS.
On the 28th of January, 1822, Indianapolis saw
her first newspaper. It was the most precocious
development of the American instinct for newspapers
ever seen in that day, and only paralleled among the
mushroom mining towns of the last twenty years.
The settlement was less than two years old. The
town had been laid out but six months, and no man
had owned a lot longer than four. It was not even
a " yearling" village. There was no road to it, no
way out of it, no business in it. Everybody had
been down with the chills the summer before. No-
body had been well enough to raise crops of any kind,
at home or in the " big field." Starvation was held
oflF only by supplies brought on horseback from White
Water or down the river in Indian canoes. There
was no mail and no post-office. In fact, the first
steps towards the establishment of a mail route ap-
pear to have been the suggestion of the first appear-
ance of the paper. On the 30th of January, two
days after the first publication, a meeting of citizens
was held to provide a private mail line to the parent
settlements in White Water Valley. The county had
been organized but a month, and it had held no elec-
tion and had no officers. There were not more than
four hundred souls in the place, young and old, and
not a hundred in the adjoining portions of the county.
The land office had been making sales in the New
Purchase but a single year. There could be little
advertising patronage and no local news where every-
body knew all about everybody else, and general news
could not be much better with no mails. It was
about as unpromising a situation as a new paper ever
appeared in, but nevertheless the Indianapolis Gazette
appeared, and kept appearing irregularly till steady
mails and supplies made it regular, and it has ap-
peared regularly ever since. Of its early history a
sketch is given in the general history of the city.
The partners, George Smith and Nathaniel Bolton,
separated in 1823, but reunited in 1824, and contin-
ued together till 1829, Mr. Bolton taking the paper
alone till its sale, in the fall of 1830, to the late
Alexander F. Morrison, who had come from Charles-
ton that year as the representative of Clark County,
and in the spring, after the adjournment of the
Legislature, had remained and started the Indiana
Democrat here. The consolidated paper took the
name of the latest, the Democrat. It was owned
successively by A. F. Morrison, Morrison & Bolton,
Bolton & Livingston, and John Livingston.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
233
A change came upon it in 1841. Mr. Livingston
sold it to George A. and Jacob Page Chapman, then
recently proprietors and editors of a paper in Terre
Haute, and they moved it to a one-story frame just
east of the present site of Masonic Hall, from a little
one-story brick where the Neios building is now, in
July, 1841, and changed the name to the Indiana
Sentinel. During Jlr. Morrison's control of the
Democrat, and his later connection with the Senti-
nelm 1856, he acquired a high reputation as a writer
of vigorous and perspicuous English, with a tendency
to invective and personal bitterness that made his
antagonists cautious of dealing roughly with him.
He was one of the four delegates from this county to
the Constitutional Convention of 1850. He died in
1857. The Chapmans changed the character of the
paper a good deal. They made it more a newspaper
than it had been before, while they maintained its
spirited attitude and action as the State organ of its
party. On Dec. 6, 1841, when the Legislature met,
they issued a daily edition during the session, and
kept it up till the close of the session of 1843-44,
carrying a semi-weekly then, as had been done by
their predecessors of the Democrat, till the perma-
nent establishment of the daily, April 28, 1851. In
1846, Mr. John S. Spann became a member of the
firm, and Chapman & Spann published the Sentinel
till the last of May, 1850. In June of that year the
late William J. Brown bought it, and the Chapmans
retired from a position in which J. Page Chapman
had achieved a national reputation. The campaign
cry, " Crow, Chapman," " Tell Chapman to crow," was
as frequent in Democratic meetings and in papers as
any of the " Polk and Clay" period. It originated
in the imitation of cock-crowing practiced by a prom-
inent local Democrat of Hancock County by the name
of Chapman — Joseph probably — and the mistaken
ascription of the feat to the editors of the Sentinel.
It helped the paper a little to its remarkable success,
and was the suggestion of the jubilant rooster which
now mounts the column of dispatches announcing
Democratic victories in most of the papers of that
party in Indiana, if not throughout the West. In
the spring of 1853, J. P. Chapman started a weekly
paper called the C/ianticlner, — the name derived from
the same suggestion, — with B. R. Sulgrove as asso-
ciate editor, and the late Gen. George H. Chapman,
son of Jacob Page, as city editor. Mr. Sulgrove left
it the following winter to take charge of the Journal,
and it closed with the end of the first volume. Mr.
George A. Chapman died soon after the .sale of the
Sentinel, and J. P. Chapman's mind became so much
disordered that he was sent to the insane asylum in
1855, and kept there several years till he died. It
should be noted here that the first building erected
especially for a paper was the Sentinel building of
1844, on the east side of North Illinois Street, near
the site of the Young Men's Christian Association
Hall.
With the retirement of the Chapmans, in 1850,
the Sentinel establishment was divided, Mr. Brown
taking the paper to a building on West Washington
Street, near Meridian, and E. W. H. Ellis, State
auditor, with Mr. John S. Spann, taking the job-
oflEce, and going on with that business at the old
stand. In August, 1852, the paper was removed
to the " Tomlinson Block," opposite the " Wright
House" now "Glenn's Block," Mr. Austin H. Brown
having become publisher a short time before, and his
father leading editor. On the 2d of March, 1855,
the late Dr. John C. Walker and Charles W. Cottom
bought out Mr. A. H. Brown, and the editorial control
passed to Mr. Walker and Mr. Holcombe. On the
4th of December, 1855, Mr. John S. Spann and
John B. Norman, then of the N'ew Albany Ledger,
bought the paper, Mr. Norman becoming editor. He
retained the position but six weeks, and returned to
New Albany, when the proprietorship passed to the
hands of Professor William C. Larrabee, then recently
a member of the faculty of Asbury University, and
Charles W. Cottom. Jan. 24, 1856, Alexander F.
Morrison was associated with Professor Larrabee in
the conduct of the paper. Mr. Cottom was city
editor. The following August, 1856, Joseph J.
Bingham, of Lafayette, purchased an interest, and
the proprietorship became Larrabee, Bingham &
Co. till Jan. 13, 1857, when John Doughty
joined Mr. Bingham, and Mr. Larrabee retired. Be-
tween this change and the 7th of April the old
" Capital House" had been fitted up for the reception
234
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of the Sentinel establishment, and made the largest and
best newspaper building in the State. The cases and
other furniture were moved in, and steam started in
the press-engine early in the evening of that day.
The. boiler was new, and through some carelessness
or mistake it was exploded, tearing the building into
a chaotic mass that seemed incapable of restoration.
A press hand by the name of Homan was killed, and
several others injured. The publication of the paper
was necessarily suspended, but was resumed on the
21st, — a two weeks' suspension only, — and has never
made a break since. Appeals for help were made
through the Journal, and supported by other papers
in the State, and some substantial assistance was
obtained in this way ; but the establishment was
weighted and embarrassed by the effects of the
calamity for a long time.
A company called the " Sentinel Company" took it
after this time and retained it till 1861, when John
R. Elder and John Harkness, publishers of the
weekly Locomotive, joined with Mr. Bingham and
bought it, and removed it to the old Locomotive office,
in the building that preceded the present " Hubbard
Block." In 1863 a three-story brick building was
erected for it on the east side of Meridian Street, on
the corner of the alley south of Washington, and it
remained here in the same hands till 1865. Then
Charles W. Hall bought it, took it back to the
Capital House, and called it the Herald. Hall &
Hutchinson were owners and Judge Samuel E. Per-
kins, then recently on the Supreme Bench, was editor.
In October, 1866, it went into the hands of a receiver,
and was purchased in January, 1867, by Mr. Lafe
Develin, of Cambridge City. In April, 1868, he was
bought out by Richard J. Briglit, late sergeant-at-
arms of the national Senate, who changed the name
back to the Sentinel, and put in Mr. Bingham as
chief editor, a position he had held with but little
interruption, except during Judge Perkins' admin-
istration, since 1856. He was longer the editor
than any man who has ever held the position, except
Mr. Bolton, and did more than any one before him to
give the paper the character of enterprise as a news-
collector and ability as a partisan champion and
organ, which it still fully maintains. Mr. Bright re-
moved the office, in December, 1869, to the building
he had enlarged from Wesley Chapel. In 1872,
Mr. Bright sold to John Fishback and others form-
ing the " Sentinel Company," and these in two or
three years sold to a second company, partly formed
of the first; and in 1878, Mr. John C. Shoemaker,
State auditor, 1871-73, became the sole owner, and
has remained so. In his hands the Sentinel has flour-
ished as it never did before. It is the leading Demo-
cratic paper of the State in all respects, — of ability,
enterprise, circulation, and influence. It has always
been ably conducted, but never more so than in the
hands of Col. James B. Maynard, the political editor,
and Mr. Charles G. Stewart, the managing editor.
The former has held his position some half-dozen
years, and his vigorous and effective advocacy of his
party seems likely to retain him at his own pleasure.
Whatever objections the critical or hypercritical may
make to his work, nobody will say that he is ever
dull or commonplace. He writes with a vigor, earn-
estness, and frequent picturesqueness of style by no
means common in the columns of partisan organs.
Mr. Stewart, the manager, was for many years con-
nected with the extensive book-house of Bowen,
Stewart & Co., but for the past three years or more
has been on the Sentinel, mainly as manager, but
nevertheless writing a good deal, with the advantage
of wide and careful reading, cultivated literary taste,
and a clear, easy, and graceful style, when the subject
allows it, — not frequently the case, however, with an
" editorial paragrapher." He has done mui-h to place
the Sentinel in its present popular and efficient posi-
tion. Preceding him and Col. Maynard were Henry
F. Keenan, Mr. O'Connor, and Rev. Robert Mat-
thews, under the proprietorship of the different com-
panies. Early in the fall of 1883 the establishment
was removed from the Circle and Meridian Street
building to a large and commodious buildiog on
West Market specially fitted up for it, where it is
better situated than ever before. This removal was
signalized by the purchase of a six-cylinder press.
On the 7th of March, 1823, a litttle more than a
year afler the first appearance of the forerunner of
the Sentinel, appeared the forerunner of the Journal,
the Western Censor and Emigrant's Guide, published
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
235
and edited by Harvey Gregg and Douglass Maguire,
two young Kentucky lawyers of recent arrival. Its
early history is related in the general history of the
city. Its course and success since will be briefly
presented here. Mr. Gregg sold out on the 29th of
October, 1824, and on the 16th of November was
succeeded by Mr. John Douglass, State printer, who
had come up from Corydon with the State govern-
ment in State Treasurer Merrill's caravan but a few
daj's before he made a connection which was to
become a memorable one in the history of the
State press.
John Douglass was born on a farm in Chester
County, Pa., Nov. 12, 1*787, and died in Indian-
apolis in 1851. His mother, by the early death
of her husband, was left in limited circumstances
to battle alone with the pioneer life of a new and
sparsely settled district. Like her husband, she was
of Scotch descent, and was well trained in princi-
ples of right and habits of industry. In these prin-
ciples and habits she trained her son. Her house
was distant some four miles from the county school,
yet when the school was in session, which was only a
part of the year, she sent her boy. He daily walked
the four miles, acquiring, with the rudiments of a
good education, firmness in purpose and energy in
action. As he grew to manhood his mother, second-
ing his own desire for wider knowledge than the little
irregular school could afford, advised him to go to
Lancaster and learn the printing busine.ss ; he could
thus educate and at the same time support himself.
He obtained in Lancaster what he desired, but after
a year or two went to Philadelphia, where he readily
found employment. In 1814 he married Maria
Green. Six years later he emigrated with her to
Vevay, Ind., encountering on the way such difiBculties
as only pioneers can describe. But they were young;
he was sturdy and determined, and she was one of
the most active and light-hearted women that ever
left a city to find a home in the backwoods.
The prospects of Vevay were not at this time
encouraging. A terrible fever prevailed. Mr.
Douglass was not established in business before he
became a victim of the disease. His wife, watching
with him night after night for weeks, could count
the cabins of their neighbors on the hillsides and in
the valleys by the lights of other watchers by the sick
and the dead. Nearly every family in the place
mourned the death of one of its number.
The superstitious called the unhappy visitation a
judgment of the Almighty on the vain though impres-
sive ceremonies of the preceding year in honor of
Commodore Perry. For the empty cofiin that was
carried in imposing procession then, with funeral
dirges and orations, scores of coflins were now laid in
silence in the graveyard.
On his recovery Mr. Douglass removed to Madi-
son, where, in connection with Mr. William Carpen-
ter, he published a paper. The capital of the State,
however, offered him greater inducements, and he
settled in Corydon. He was elected State printer,
and with the change of the seat of government re-
moved to Indianapolis. This last removal was
effected in the fall of 1824, in connection with the
State treasurer, Samuel Merrill.
Mr. Douglass connected himself with Douglass
Maguire by buying Mr. Gregg's interest in the
236
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Western Censor and Emigrant's Chtide. The paper
was shortly after called The Indiana Journal. Mr.
Douglass remained connected with it until February,
1843, much of the time sole editor or sole publisher.
Under his care the Journal was modest and pure in
tone, firm in principle, supporting good enterprises,
and disseminating valuable information. Mr. Doug-
lass united himself with the Second Presbyterian
Church, under the ministry of the Rev. Henry W.
Beecher, and in life and in death was a trusting
and earnest believer in Christ.
The Presidential campaign of 1840, through care-
lessness and neglect of pecuniary obligations on the
part of its managers in Indiana, involved Mr. Doug-
lass in painful embarrassment. Industrious as he
was, and upright to a scrupulous degree, he could
not tolerate the thought of an unpaid debt with
which his name, though by no fault of his own,
was connected.
The loss of a promising son at the age of sixteen,
and of a beloved and beautiful daughter at the age of
twenty-two, broke irrecoverably both his health and
his spirits. During the last two years of his life he
was the object of the deepest and tenderest solicitude
on the part of his friends.
Mrs. Douglass survived her husband twenty years,
retaining to the last sprightliness of youth joined to
the calm sedateness of age.
" The sweet remembrance of the just
Shall flourish when they sleep in dust."
The children that survived their parents are Lydia
(Mrs. Alfred Harrison), Ellen B., Samuel M. (who
died some years ago), James G., and George W,
Mrs. William Barkley is a grandchild, the daughter
of the eldest son, William, who died in California.
Closely associated with Mr. Douglass before his
removal to Indianapolis was the late David V. Culley,
who worked with him on State work in Corydon,
subsequently removed to Laurenceburg and pub-
lished the Indiana Palladium, and removed to
Indianapolis in 1836 permanently, on receiving from
Gen. Jackson, whom he had always ardently sup-
ported, the oflBee of register of the land oflice of the
Indianapolis district. He lived to be one of the
most honored and trusted of the citizens of the
D. V. CuLLEY. — Among the men who cast their
lot in Indianapolis while it was a struggling village
and faintly foreshadowed its present population and
commercial importance, the name of Hon. David V.
Culley stands preeminent as one whose work has done
much to create the history of the city. He was a true-
hearted Christian gentleman of more than ordinary
stability of character, sound judgment, and prudence,
and therefore a good business man, as was evinced by
the accumulation of a good property from no begin-
ning other than industry and economy. His careful
management of his own affairs, and his solid acquaint-
ance with administration, with policy, with finance,
recommended him to positions of trust and confi-
dence in connection with public matters, and for
many years previous to his last illness, which was
protracted through several months, those duties oc-
cupied much of his time. In his death, which oc-
curred on Friday, June 4, 1869, Indianapolis lost
one of her very best and foremost men, a man of
whom it is easy to run around the circle of his vir-
tues and difiieult to find a point where the line is not
continuous.
David V. Culley was born in Venango County,
Pa., near the town of Franklin. His father, John
Culley, was of Scotch extraction, a New Yorker by
birth and a carpenter and millwright by trade. His
mother, Anne Sleeper, was a woman of liberal edu-
cation. Her parents were Philadelphia Quakers,
and she held her birthright in the church up to the
time of her death. Here in Venango County David
V. Culley was reared, receiving from his mother the
greater part of all his education. He also acquired
at least the rudiments of his trade, type-setting,
while still a boy at home. In the year 1818 he
with an elder brother came West, and for a time
made a home with relatives in Elizabethtown, Ky.,
where they were subsequently joined by their father's
family. While at this place D. V. Culley completed
his trade, and in 1823 removed to Corydon, Ind.,
where he was employed by the late John Douglass,
Esq., then State printer, at Corydon, the capital not
then having been removed to Indianapolis. Even
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
237
then, at so early an age, his integrity was conspicu-
ous. A friend who knew him at that time relates
that Samuel Merrill, then treasurer of State, being
on a certain occasion compelled to leave home for a
few days, needed a guard for the gold and silver of
the commonwealth lying exposed in the treasurer's
private residence. Mr. Culley, though at the time
scarcely more than a boy and had hardly been a year
in the State, was selected, with the friend who nar-
rates the incident, to sleep in the treasurer's house
and make the public money safe. About 1824 he
removed to Lawrenceburg, Ind., which continued to
be his residence for twelve years.
In the year 1825 he was married, and the same
year was elected to his first oflBce. His wife, Miss
Mary A. Brown, was a woman of rare strength and
charm of character. She died, full of years and
usefulness, on the 11th day of October, 1863, leav-
ing three children, one son and two daughters. His
first oflBce was that of State senator, which he filled
with such marked ability and fidelity that he was
nominated by his party in 1831 for Lieutenant-Gover-
nor on the unsuccessful ticket when Governor Noble
was elected. He continued his work in a political
way on the Indiaiid Pulladium, which he and the
late Hon. Milton Gregg established. Under their
management it was one of the most effective papers
in the State, Mr. Culley proving himself at once
a writer and an editor of marked ability. About
the year 1834 political differences finally separated
them, Mr. Culley retaining the Palladium as a Dem-
ocratic advocate. During this time he also served
two or three sessions in the lower house of the Legis-
lature.
It is not unworthy of note in this connection, as
an illustration of Sir. Culley 's enterprise as a printer,
tliat in the year 1834 he first introduced in this State
the use of composition rollers in press-work. A year
after this, having a good offer for his paper and
printing-oflBce, he disposed of them, and for nearly a
year devoted his entire time to the study of the law,
which he then proposed to make his profession. At
this.period, so intense was his application and industry,
that he frequently passed the whole night in study.
In 1836, when Martin Van Buren was elected
President, he appointed Mr. Culley register of the
land office, and that, together with the frequent floods
in Lawrenceburg, decided him to remove his family
to Indianapolis for a permanent home. Soon after
this he connected him.self with the then newly or-
ganized Second Presbyterian Church, of which he
became and remained a most active, con.sistent, and
efficient member and elder. For twenty years he was
clerk of the church, and for a term of years trustee.
The city of Indianapolis was incorporated in 1838,
and in 1841, upon the resignation of William Sulli-
van, David V. Culley was elected president of the
Council, though he had been but five years a resi-
dent,— ample proof of the regard in which he was
held, as well as of the merit that could so speedily
command it. He was re-elected the next year, and
the next, and was connected with the city govern-
ment from that time until the increased infirmity of
health compelled him to decline further service.
On the 20th of March, 1851, he was made the
first president of the Indianapolis Gas and Coke
Company, and it may well be said that it was through
Mr. Culley 's untiring energy and perseverance that
gas was manufactured in the city at so early a date.
Another example of his enterprise was in bringing
stone from Vevay, Ind., over the Madison road, then
the only railroad entering Indianapolis, for the pur-
pose of putting a stone foundation under his new
residence, the first foundation of that kind in the
city. But his labors were mainly thrown in the di-
rection not of his own so much as the public inter-
ests. It was natural that such a man should be a
patron of schools. He had a steady belief in the
advantages of an education, and in the value and
importance of a thorough classical training. For
many years he was connected with the Indianapolis
public schools as a trustee and as managing superin-
tendent. His persistent labors in that direction will
not soon be forgotten, now that the schools have a
history and can look back to pioneer days.
A leading paper, referring to his death, says,
" His integrity and sincerity of character, as well as
his kindness of heart, were so marked, so well known,
that he was often during the period of his active
life selected as the guardian for minors, and though
238
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
no duties are more irksome, more easily abused, or
more geoerally thankless, he was never tainted with
a breath of suspicion, and never failed to earn the
heartiest affection of those he served."
In 1854, Mr. Culley joined wliat was afterwards
known as the Republican party. During the opening
horrors of the great civil war he used his pen and
gave freely of his means in support of the govern-
ment. An ardent lover of his country and a true
American, he watched his country's progress with a
warm and intelligent sympathy. One of the desires of
his heart was to see the completion of the first Pacific
Railroad, a work that seemed fea.sible to him years
before its construction was undertaken.
While Mr. Culley seemed habitually logical and
serious, and had a dignity of manner that peculiarly
fitted him to perform the duties of a presiding officer,
no man had a keener sense or heartier appreciation
of genuine humor. In his later years a well-thumbed
volume of Don Quixote lay on his table along with
a copy of Shakespeare and Milton, and many hours
were passed in the enjoyment of its quaint drollery.
His kindly human sympathy was remarkable, too,
in old age. He was often found on the ice among
the young skaters, as cheerful as any in the com-
pany, and in the summer much time of recrea-
tion was passed in rowing, in company with his
friends. A day's hunting was often enjoyed ; indeed,
the pioneer force and energy never seemed to desert
him. But, after all, the strength and beauty of his
life was to be found in his obedience to the Divine
law, in his just estimate of his fellow-men, and his
kindly feeling toward them. From the distant stand-
point in which we measure his character in its full
proportions, David V. Culley seems to have had that
perfectness, that uprightness of which the Scriptures
speak, for the end was peace. He died as he lived,
without fear and without reproach.
On the 11th of January, 1825, the ITes^ern Censor
and Emigrant's Guide was enlarged to a super-
royal sheet, and the name changed to the Indiana
Journal, which it still retains fur the weekly edition,
while the daily is the Indianapolis Journal. Mr.
Ma"uire was editor a year or so after the change,
and was succeeded in 1826 by Samuel Merrill, State
treasurer, who kept editorial direction till 1829.
Mr. Douglass neither then or at any time meddled
much with editorial work. He was the business
man, and the backbone of the paper, and contented
himself with doing only what he knew he could do
better than anybody else. In the fall of 1829, Mr.
Maguire resumed his connection with the paper, and
continued as editor till 1835, when he sold his in-
terest to the late S. Vance B. Noel, who took his
place as editor. Mr. Noel had then but recently
returned from Fort Wayne, where he had assisted
Thomas Tigar in establishing the Fort Wayne Senti-
nel, though he had previously worked as a printer
on the Journal. It may be noted in passing that
Gen. Thomas A. Morris, the real victor in the first
West Virginia campaign, served an apprenticeship
at the case in the Journal office with Mr. Douglass
before his appointment as cadet at West Point
Academy. Mr. Noel sold out to Mr. Douglass in
1842, and the latter took Theodore J. Barnett as
editor, a man of unusual ability, and quite as eflective
a speaker as he was a writer. He figured as promi-
nently on the stump in the Presidential contest of
1844 as any Whig orator in the State, and he was
incessantly busy with his pen when he gave his
tongue a rest. His partisan zeal readily took an
aspect of personal enmity, and he and the Chap-
mans quarreled through their respective papers in
a way that ill became the standing of either, and
once Barnett drew a pistol on Page Chapmam in the
post-office, where Bowen & Stuart's bookstore is now.
This personal malice magnified a little innocent affiiir
into a felony by Mr. Barnett, and harassed him
seriously at times. One Saturday evening he could
not find Mr. Noel, and wanted a pound of butter to
take home. He wrote an order for it on the grocer
in Mr. Noel's name, as he was authorized to do in
such a strait, and got the butter. The Sentinel
learned that he had signed Mr. Noel's name to the
order and charged him with forgery. There was no
semblance of forgery or imitation of handwriting to
create a deception, but a mere formal note or memo-
randum for the grocer to make up his account from,
duly authorized by Mr. Noel. For two years that
" pound of butter" and " forged order" made as
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
239
prominent a feature of local politics as the tariff did
of national politics. There has been a decided im-
provement in the tone of the city press since then,
at least in iha matter of personal controversies.
Mr. Noel bought Mr. Douglass out entirely in 1843,
still retaining Mr. Barnett, and held the establishment
till February, 1846. Mr. Douglass never entered into
business again after the sale in 1843. Mr. Kent suc-
ceeded Mr. Barnett as editor under Mr. Noel's owner-
ship, but remained only a few months, when the late
John D. Defrees became editor in March, 1845. In
February, 1846, he purchased the establishment of
Mr. Noel, and was the proprietor and editor till Oct.
20, 1854. His long connection with the Journal,
extending from March, 1845, to October, 1854, has
identified him more closely with it than with any
other enterprise in which he was concerned, at least
among the people of Indianapolis.
Hon. John D. DEFaEES was bom at Sparta,
Tenn., Nov. 8, 1810, and was eight years old when
his father moved to Piqua, Ohio. In his fourteenth
year he was apprenticed to the printer's trade. After
serving his time he studied law in the office of Tom.
Corwin, at Lebanon, Ohio, and in 1831 removed to
South Bend, where with his younger brother he
began the publication of a newspaper. He became
promineot in politics as a Whig, and was several
times elected to the Legislature. In 1844 he sold his
South Bend newspaper to Schuyler Colfax, whom he
had given a start in life, and removing to Indian-
apolis, the next year bought the Indiana State Jour-
nal, which he for ten years edited. In 1861 he was
appointed by President Lincoln government printer,
and held the office until President Johnson, angered
at some criticism of his, removed him. Congress
made it a Senate office, and he was reappointed in
thirty days. He held it until 1869, when his oppo-
sition to Gen. Grant and enmity to the late Senator
Morton aiforded them an occasion which they im-
proved by turning him out. At the coming in of
President EI ayes he was appointed again to the same
place, which he held until declining health compelled
his resignation. This framework of a life seems
plain enough, but as every one's skeleton is the same,
the difference in appearance being the filling in of
the flesh, so in this life there was a side which to
those who knew him best and saw most of it became
an inspiration. He was a natural political student
and had the gift of political management, and the
associates of his early days speak of his rare sagacity
and his untiring energy. He was chairman of the
State committee, and always the adviser and general
conductor of affairs. He could unite two or three
antagonisms into a common purpose, and when there
were factional or personal differences Mr. Defrees
was called on to restore good feeling. He had the
keenest sense of humor, which his pluck and ceaseless
activity were ever ready to carry into anecdote or
practical joke. His energy from his earliest to his
latest days was remarkable. His newspaper at South
Bend was the first one in northern Indiana, and at
every turn of affairs he was seeking some new im-
provement. " Progress" seemed to be his watchword.
He was the first man- in the State to use steam to
drive a printing-press, the first to use a caloric engine
for the same purpose, the first to see the value of the
Bullock printing-press and encourage the inventor,
the first to use the metallic stretching machine for
binding, and the first to use the Edison electric light,
except the inventor. At every step he looked still
ahead, and never seemed to doubt the ability or
genius of man. This faith, stronger than one
meets in a lifetime almost, and utterly free from
sordid motives, often made him the victim of design-
ing or deluded men. This faith in progress and
faith in human kind, and this restless energy which
halted at nothing, permeated and colored his whole
life. It supplied for himself the deficiencies of early
systematic training. What the experience of the
printer's trade and the acquisitions of a young law
student might give in the way of knowledge were, it
may be imagined, of themselves barren enough. But
to him these were the keys with which he might
unlock learning's storehouse. Books were his delight.
He overcame the lack of a classical education by a
thorough study of translations, and the lore of Greece
and Rome were his familiar acquaintance. He was
especially fond of history, and there were few classical
works in this line, ancient or modern, he did not
know. He was a deep political student, and particu-
240
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
larly knew the political history of his own country
as few know it. He was an unwearied student, and
thus as the years went on he became equipped with
all the mental outfit of a gentleman. He had a cor-
rect literary taste, and was as quick to discern genius
or special talent here as in other things. He wrote
with a perspicuity and with a terse Saxon force rare
in these days. Those who were near to him or came
in contact with him in the direction of aflFairs he
acted upon with the characteristic qualities of his
nature. He left his impress. He was an influence,
and many there are who can rise up and call him
blessed, in the memory of the chaste and elevating
force that influence was. He was a man of the rarest
courage — a courage that seemed to have no weak
side, mental, moral, or physical. The farthest pos-
sible remove from a brawler in his nature, an ac-
quaintance with him never failed to make it plain
that he would fight on call. This, coupled with the
knowledge that he was a " dead-shot" with a rifle,
perhaps 'conspired to make a career among the tur-
bulent scenes of politics singularly free from personal
disturbances. His mental courage, his never-failing
faith in the power of attainment, have already been
spoken of. His moral courage, as is shown forth in a
life free from dross as few lives are, was rare indeed.
He had the loftiest sense of honor, and the hottest
anger and bitterest contempt for a dishonorable, dis-
honest, or mean thing, and condemnation of such
leaped to bis lips in a moment, for he had all the
quickness of the nervous temperament. But so pa-
tiently did he work for its control that in his later
life few knew from the calm exterior the rage that
took hold of him at the sight of a wrong or meanness.
His integrity was flawless. He had not merely
the heart to mean rightly, but the head to do rightly,
and in his daily walk and conversation he was truth
and honesty incarnate. This is the testimony of those
who knew him as he lived among them. All his
life Mr. Defrees had not been a professor of religion,
but if religion is a life he was one of its noblest
exemplars. He was twice married, having by his
first wife a daughter, Harriet (Mrs. Cyril Oakley, of
New Orleans). His second wife was Miss Elizabeth
Morris, daughter of Morris Morris, of Indianapolis,
to whom were born children, — Morris M.,Lulie, John
D. and Anthony C., twins, and Thomas M. The
death of Mr. Defrees occurred at Berkeley Springs,
W. Va., on the 19th of October, 1882.
Early in the year 1854, Mr. B. R. Sulgrove joined
Mr. Defrees in the editorial conduct of the Journal,
and in a few days was given the entire direction,
Mr. Defrees confining his labors to the business de-
partment. Mr. Sulgrove had been a contributor to
the Jnurnal frequently during the preceding three
or four years, had written a series of sketches of the
Constitutional Convention of 1850 for the Loco-
motive under the name of " Timothy Tugmutton,"
had written the leading articles for the Hoosier
City, a little paper published by the apprentices in
the Journal office in 1 852, and had been a.ssociated
with J. P. Chapman in the Chanticleer. At that
time no press dispatches were received here, the tele-
graph reports being cut from the evening papers of
Cincinnati when received the same night. No attempt
had ever been made to report the next morning the
occurrences of the night before. When the Eagle
Machine-Works were first burned in 1852, Mr. J. H.
McNeeley, then city editor of the Jnaruul, while re-
turning home from the fire, which was early one sum-
mer night, stopped at the office, took the forms from
the press, removed some indifferent paragraph of new.s,
and set up and inserted a brief notice of the fire. Its
appearance next morning was a phenomenon in Indian-
apolis journalism. This was reformed under the new
administration of the Journal. City Council proceed-
ings were reported the same night and published next
morning. So were occasional lectures and other enter-
tainments. In 1855 the " Old Settlers' Meeting" held
on the lawn of Calvin Fletcher's residence, on Virginia
Avenue, was reported verbatim — the speeches getting
the due allowance of " laughter" and " applau.se" — to
the extent of five columns. It was the first attempt
of the kind, and the revolution in the old-fashioned
ways of the local press was an accomplished fact.
Thenceforward the morning had to see the night's
doings duly reported. During the earlier part of the
Crimean war telegraphic press dispatches were re-
ceived, but in no such convenient form or attractive
abundance as now. John F. Wallick, the present
'^//r>^?y-i«^<s^^-<i>ecr.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
241
superintendent of the Western Union, received the
reports on a long ribbon of paper that he had to haul
out of a big box after it bad passed along under the
Morse marker, and read to a copyist from each of the
papers, usually Mr. Eugene CuUey for the Sentinel,
and Mr. Sulgrove for the Journal. The latter was
then alone and had all the work to do, from writing
leaders to making up mail items, book reviews, city
reports, and copying telegraph. The dispatches were
often greatly confused. The yacht of the New York
Associated Press would board a steamer oflF Cape Race,
and receive a news summary ready made up to be
telegraphed by the land line to New York and
over the West ; and it was no unusual thing for a
home report to split a foreign one, and leave the frag-
ments an hour apart, with a tired editor at midnight
to pick up the pieces and patch up an intelligible dis-
patch from them. It was not till about 1856 or 1857
that Coleman Wilson received the first reports by
sound, and made life a little less burdensome to the
overworked editor by supplying manifold copies. In
1856, Mr. Barton D. Jones obtained a portion of the
stock and became city editor, a position he held with
decided service to the paper and his own reputation
till he gave it up to enter the army in 1861. Austin
H. Brown was for a time city editor during the war,
also Daniel L. Paine, now of the N'eivs.
In October, 1854, Mr. Defrees sold the Journal,
both the paper and the job-office, to the " Journal
Company," consisting of the late Ovid Butler, Joseph
M. Tilford, James M. Mathes, and Rawson Vaile.
Mr. Mathes had been for some years publishing a
religious monthly called the Christian Record in
Bloomington, and Mr. Vaile had been publishing a
free-soil paper in Wayne County. Mr. Sulgrove
retained the editorial control. Mr. Vaile gave his
time to the counting-room chiefly. In 1858, Mr.
Sulgrove purchased Mr. Butler's interest, and subse-
quently a majority of the stock, which he sold, in
anticipation of going to Europe, in 1863. But he
retained editorial direction till the summer of 1864,
having been the chief editor then for more than ten
years. On his return from Europe in 1867 — he had
gone there with Governor Morton in the fall of 1865
— he again took charge of the Journal for some
16
months, and on several subsequent occasions, when
the proprietors were at a loss for a temporary man-
ager, he gave them such assistance as he could, and
till 1880 was more or less constantly connected with
the paper as editorial writer. In 1858-59 the Jour-
nal paid Mr. Devens, of Massachusetts, for a weekly
summary of the features of valuable patents and im-
provements of machinery, and this was, probably, the
first " outside" work that an Indianapolis paper had
ever paid for at that time. Contributions and corre-
spondence were gratuitous wholly for many a year
after 1858, except where special value secured a
special remunerative arrangement. Till 1860 the
oflSce was on Pennsylvania Street, where the
" Fletcher & Sharpe Block" stands, having been
removed there from No. 8 West Washington Street,
the "Sanders Block," in 1849 or 1850. During Mr.
Noel's time and a portion of that of Mr. Douglass it
was on the south side of Washington Street, where
the " Iron Block" is, in a two-story frame. It was
first published in a frame on the north side of Wash-
ington, opposite the " Washington Hall." In 1860
the four-story brick on the southeast corner of Circle
and Meridian Streets was built for it by the company.
In digging the cellar a son of Mr. William 0. Rock--
wood was killed by the accidental caving in of the
sandy wall. The house was occupied directly after
the Presidential election of 1860. In 1864 the
company sold to William R. Holloway & Co., and
Mr. Holloway became editor, with the late Judge
Horatio C. Newcomb as political editor. He had
held the same position for some weeks previously
after the retirement of Mr. Sulgrove. In February,
1865, James Gr. Douglass, a son of the old proprietor,
and Alexander H. Conner, associated themselves
with Mr. Holloway under the name of " Holloway,
Douglass & Co." In the winter of 1866 the late
Samuel M. Douglass joined his brother James and
Mr. Conner and bought out Mr. Holloway, retaining
possession, as " Douglass & Conner," till 1870. In
1866 they purchased the old First Presbyterian
Church, Dr. P. D. Gurley's, — northeast corner of
Market and Circle Streets, and built the eastern half
of the present Journal building, — the western half
was built by Col. Ruckle about ten years later,— and
242
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
moved into it early in 1867. Lewis W. Hasselman
and William P. Fishback bought the establishment,
and Mr. Fishback became editor in June, 1870. Mr.
Holloway, then postmaster, purchased a sixth inter-
est. Mr. Hasselman gave his son Otto a sixth inter-
est, and Mr. Thomas D. Fitch purchased a sixth, and
this combination held possession till January, 1872,
when a second " Journal Company," consisting chiefly
of Jonathan M. Ridenour and Gen. Nathan Kimball,
late Stat-e treasurer, bought out Hasselman, Fishback
& Co., and carried on the business for over two years.
They procured a " Bullock Perfecting Press," the
first ever brought to the State. In 1874-75, Nicho-
las Ruckle, recently sherifiF of the county, obtained a
controlling interest in the company, and Mr. Ride-
nour left it. Mr. Ruckle retained the business mau-
agement till 1876, when he sold the paper — retaining
the job establishment — to E. B. Martindale and
William R. Holloway. He subsequently sold the
job department to Hasselman & Co., who still keep
it in the same place. Elijah B. Martindale and Mr.
Holloway removed the paper soon after their pur-
chase to the corner room of the Journal building,
then recently erected, but afterwards removed it to
the " Martindale Block," on Market Street, where it
is yet. In 1680 it was purchased by John C. New,
assistant United States treasurer, and his son Harry,
who still hold it.
The editor of the Journal now, and for the last
two or three years, is Elijah W. Halford. His first
connection with it was in the latter part of the war,
as city editor. During a portion of Mr. A. H. Con-
ner's tenure of the tripod Mr. Halford was the work-
ing and thinking man, and demonstrated an unusual
capability for hard work and close attention, with a
liberal share of literary ability, and the instinct for
news that makes the editor, who is as much " born"
and as little "made" as the poet. When John Young
Scammon started the Inter- Ocean, of Chicago, he
made Mr. Halford the managing editor, a position he
retained in the midst of much embarrassment till
after Mr. Ridenour became business manager of the
Journal; then he returned here, and succeeded John
D. Nicholas in his old position. After some years
he left it, and took a position on the Evening News,
which he retained for a year or two, and returned to
the Journal after its purchase by Mr. New. For
some time he was associated with James Paxton Luse,
the political editor or editor-in-chief, but when that
gentleman retired, some two years ago, Mr. Halford
took the whole control, under Mr. New's direction,
and has the editorial writing done wherever he can
get it done best. The plan works well, for the Jour-
nal has never been so uniformly well written as now,
and never better supported, better managed, or better
esteemed, if so well, in all its sixty years of life. Mr.
New, though not a professional or even an amateur
writer, occasionally does some of the most vigorous and
striking editorial writing. Mr. Halford has been con-
nected with the Journal more or less for ten years, —
the longest connection any one has had with it, except
Mr. Maguire, who was editor or proprietor twelve
years ; Mr. Douglass, who was a proprietor for about
eighteen years ; Mr. Noel, who was a proprietor about
eleven years ; Mr. Sulgrove, who, as editor, proprietor,
and editorial contributor, had a connection with it more
or less constantly from 1851 to 1880, nearly thirty
years ; and Col. Holloway, whose connection was
pretty nearly continuous for about twelve years. Mr.
Defrees' connection lasted only about nine years, and
that of Charles M. Walker, as political editor, about
as long.
The Sentinel began publishing a daily on the 6th
of December, 1841. The Journal published its
first daily on the 12th of December, 1842, and con-
tinued thereafter during the sessions of the Legisla-
ture till the meeting of the Constitutional Convention
in 1850. Then it published by contract daily ver-
batim reports, from the official reporter, of the pro-
ceedings of the convention, and since then (Oct. 7,
1850) it has been continued uninterruptedly as a
daily. It was a folio till January, 1866, when it
appeared as a quarto, and has continued so ever since.
The Sentinel made the same change a little later.
The first semi-weekly edition of the Journal was pub-
lished Dec. 10, 1828; the first tri-weekly, Dec. 12,
1838. Two attempts have been made to publish an
evening edition, — one by Hasselman & Fishback, with
the late accomplished journalist, George C. Harding,
as editor, in 1871, and again by Judge Martindale, —
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
243
but neither prospered and was soon abandoned. The
Sentinel has never tried that form of embarrassment.
In 1840, Mr. Noel and Mr. Douglass, of the Journal,
published a campaign paper called the Spirit of '76,
edited by Joseph 51. Moore, a young Whig of distin-
guished literary ability. In 1844 he edited a second
campaign paper called the Whig Rifle, named from a
well-known anecdote of Mr. Clay. In 1 854 a third cam-
paign sheet was published by Mr. Defrees, and mainly
written by Mr. Sulgrove, called We, the People. In
that contest was the germ of the Kepublican party of
the State. In 1850, September 4th, E. W. H. Ellis,
who, with Mr. John S. Spann, had purchased the
Sentinel ^o\)-o&ce, started the Indiana Statesman, a
weekly of the best character, — superior to any weekly
we had then had, — and maintained it for two years,
when they sold it to the Sentinel.
In 1847, April 3d, three apprentices in t\i&. Journal
oflfice, then in the hands of Mr. Defrees, and located
in the " Sanders Block," one of the first three-story
brick buildings in the city, on the north side of
Washington Street, a little west of Meridian, began
the publication of a little weekly, as a sort of school-
boy diversion, called the Locomotive. They were
Daniel B. Culley, John H. Ohr, and David R. Elder.
It died " in the fullness of time" in three months. It
was revived the next January by Douglass & Elder,
enlarged a little, and filled chiefly with the sort of
matter that goes to the composition of the " society"
column of the Sunday papers of to-day. It was all
local, and covered so well a field completely neglected
by the grave political organs that it soon began
to pay. It was the first paper that the women and
girls wanted to read regularly, and the paper that
makes itself a household favorite is settled for life, if
it chooses to be. In 1850, early, John R. Elder and
John Harkness bought it, took it to their establish-
ment on the site of the Hubbard Block, and speedily
ran its circulation in the county far above any other
paper, and for several years it thus got the publica-
tion of the " Letter List." Besides its sketches of
the Constitutional Convention and its exposure of the
drunken orgies of the expiring Legislature of 1851, —
the first description that had ever appeared of an
annual disgrace for a dozen years, — it published a
great deal of local correspondence on social and city
and religious affairs, and probably commanded a
stronger influence in its range than any other paper
in the city. It was entirely neutral — not independent
— in politics. In 1861 the proprietors bought the
Sentinel and united the Locomotive with it. In the
summer of 1845 the Locomotive appeared as a little
sheet about as big as a sheet of note paper, and con-
tinued three months. Its appearance in 1847, as above
related, by the same 'prentice publishers, was a revival
of the first one.
In 1845 or 1846 a Mr. Depuy began the publica-
tion here of an anti-slavery paper called the Indiana
Freeman. It was a good paper. Its editor was a fine
scholar, a man of unusual literary attainments, and
was assisted by a few accomplished residents of his
faith, but in those days "abolitionism" was but a
little less odious or ruinous stigma than pauperism
or brigandism. Mr. Depuy's oflice, on the south
side of Washington, on the site of the Iron Block,
was occasionally threatened with violence, and on
several occasions he and his friends watched all night
to protect it, but nothing worse was ever done than
such puerile pranks as smearing his office with tar
and mud and taking his sign away and putting it on
some out-house. The publication was stopped in a
year or two.
In September, 1848, Julius Boetticher began the
publication of the Volkshlatt, the first German paper
in the city, possibly the first in the State, when the
German immigration was not large, and very few Ger-
mans had done much t6 create the national reputation
for industry, integrity, and thrift which is now so
well established. It was a bold enterprise, not to
say an audacious one, and it barely escaped a disas-
trous failure. Mr. Boetticher did his own work, with
the help of his little daughter on the "case" and his
little son for miscellaneous service ; but as little outlay
as he made his income was not equal to it, and some
years afterwards he told the editor of the Journal
that he should have abandoned the enterprise in
despair if it had not been for the late Professor
Samuel K. Hoshour's class in German. The profes-
sor desired his pupils to learn living and colloquial as
well as classic German, and recommended them to sub-
244
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
scribe for a German paper. The Volksblatt was in
its tenth or twelfth week, and growing more weakly
all the time. The class — of some thirty pupils — sub-
scribed for three months at half a dollar each, and
this lift put the paper's head above water long enough
to give it a good vitalizing breath. It was main-
tained for nearly twenty years by Mr. Boetticher.
At his death it was taken by the " Gutenberg Com-
pany," who still hold it.
Besides these five early weeklies — Chanticleer, Lo-
comotive, Statesman, Freeman, and Volksblatt — that
have appeared and disappeared after a length and
energy of life enough to make some mark on the
community, there are several others to be noted in
the history of the city press chiefly for an evanescence
that has left hardly a name that anybody can recall.
In 1848 a weekly called the Free Soil Banner was
published by William Greer and Lew Wallace, — the
general, — and another. The late Ovid Butler probably
furnished the money. The Family Visitor, a temper-
ance paper, was started by Rev. B. T. Kavanagh in
185L About the year 1853 it was changed to the
Temperance Chart, and conducted by Jonathan W.
Gordon, the eminent advocate. The Hoosier City, a
little local weekly started by the Journal oflice boys,
lived three months. In 1852 the Free Soil Democrat,
by Rawson Vaile, merged in the Journal in 1854. In
1853, September 3d, Theodore Hielscher established
the Freie Presse as a German supporter of free-soil
principles against the Volksblatt, which was decidedly
Democratic. It was continued till after the outbreak
of the civil war, but with less influence than it might
have had- if Mr. Hielscher had pcssessed more practi-
cal sense and le.ss unreasoning enthusiasm. He was
a man of scholarship and ability, but he was incapable
of viewing any political question practically and
impartially. He could see nothing but the logical
tendency or result of a principle, and there he would
go if it went to the bottomless pit. In 1855, Mr.
Charles Hand started the Railroad City, and made
a very effective hit by a caricature showing a couple
of prominent Democrats stealing a view of the secret
Know-Nothing State Convention in Masonic Hall
from the top of the Masonic out-house in the rear.
It died in a few months. About the same time Dr.
Jordan and Mr. Manford began the publication of
the Western Universalist, the character of which is
sufficiently indicated by its name. It was maintained
for a couple of years or so. Dr. M. G. Clark about
the same time started the Witness, a Baptist weekly,
printed in the Journal office. It lived but two or
three years. In January, 1857, Andrew and Solo-
mon Bidwell began with a radical weekly, which they
called the Western Presage, admirable in mechanical
execution, but frothy in mental quality, and ran it
out in less than a year. In 1857, Rev. T. A. Good-
win removed to the capital the Indiana American,
an anti-slavery, anti-liquor weekly, that had been
established many years in Brookville, and ranked
among the best in the State. He kept it fully up
to its reputation here, but in a few years sold it to
Downey & Co., who made a daily evening paper of
it, and sold it to Jordan & Burnett, who called it the
Evening Gazette, made it a very creditable paper, but
could not make it profitable, and sold it in 1868 to
Smith & Co., who sold it to Shurtleff, Macauley &
Co., who sold to Mr. C. P. Wilder, who sold it to the
Journal, under the Douglass & Conner administra-
tion, to be sold and known no more. The American
as a weekly was resumed in 1869 by Mr. Goodwin,
but was suspended in a few years finally.
The war was not an encouraging time for newspaper
projectors. The demand for news was never half so
eager or so profitable to publishers, but it seemed fully
satisfied with the enterprise and efforts of the papers
already established. Soon after the first battle of
Bull Run, when every loyal soul was sore with dis-
appointment, and expectation was hungry for com-
pensating good news, the Journal began publishing
its telegraphic dispatches, reporting battles and mili-
tary movements first in slips, and later in a little
sheet with other matter to make a sort of little
evening edition, and sold them to newsboys who
made the streets vocal with yells, " Journal, extra,
'nother battle," till far into the night often, when
additional news would warrant a second or third
edition of the telegraphic slips. The invariable cry
was " 'nother battle," whether there had been a fight
or night. It sold the slips and sold them well. No
man cared for change for a dime, as long as we had
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
246
any silver money, for news of a successful Union
fight, and the hoys many a time got ten cents and a
quarter for what cost them but a cent. It was a
harvest time for them and for the papers that had
enterprise to use it well. But no paper was begun
in the city in that time.
On Dec. 22, 1867, the late George C. Harding, with
Mr. M. G. Henry, began the publication of the
Saturday Evening Mirror, on West Maryland Street,
near Meridian. In a year or so John R. Morton took
Mr. Henry's place in the publishing department, and
the late William B. Viekers, a grandson of Nathan
B. Palmer, joined Mr. Harding in the editoral work.
Mr. Harding was already distinguished in his profes-
sion as a master of the paragraphic art, and a skillful
delineator of character, as well as a clear-headed and
solid-reasoning debater of such public questions as he
chose to discuss ; while Mr. Viekers was fast earning
he reputation with which he died before his prime,
of a graceful fancy and refined taste, with no little of
the pungency in paragraphic work of his more noted
associate. In the winter of 1869, during the session
of the Legislature, the Mirror was published as an
evening daily, and continued till it was bought by Mr.
HoUiday, of the News, and consolidated with that
rapidly-growing evening paper. The weekly was not
attempted to be continued after the sale of the daily,
and Mr. Viekers began a weekly in its place called
Toivn Talk. In a few weeks, however, Mr. Harding
revived the Mirror, made a second union with Mr.
Viekers, and in the latter part of May, 1870, sold out
to the latter, who carried on the paper with moderate
success till he took a position as managing editor of
the Journal about 1871, when he sold it to B. 0.
MuUiken, who killed it in a few weeks. At this time
Mr. Harding was in charge of the first evening edition
of the Journal, which his ability maintained for a
time against the better management of the News, but
it " cost more than it came to," in the old backwoods
phrase, and was abandoned. Mr. Harding then formed
a connection with a Cincinnati paper, and later with a
Louisville paper, and returned to Indianapolis in a
year or two and began the publication of the Saturday
Herald in 1873, in connection with Mr. A. C. Grooms,
for many years cashier of the Journal counting-room.
The latter gave place to Mr. Samuel N. Bannister the
same year, and he, with some money and a great deal
of energy, soon made it a profitable enterprise. In
1876, Mrs. Gertrude Garrison became editorially con-
nected with it and materially assisted it by her ability.
A couple of years or so after her accession to the
Herald Mr. Harding's difficulty with Mr. Light oc-
curred, and his mental condition put him in an asylum
near Cincinnati for some weeks. After his trial and
acquittal in court he sold out his interest in the Herald
to Mr. Bannister, and went to Iowa, where he bought
a weekly and ran it for the better part of a year. In
the fall of 1880 he returned here, and in connection
with Charles Dennis, a versatile and accomplished
writer, aided by Mrs. Garrison, established the Satur-
day Review. An accidental injury to one of his legs
in May, 1881, terminated in a fatal attack of erysip-
elas, and then Mr. Dennis and A. C. Jameson took
the Review for a few months, when Mr. Jameson gave
way to Mr. Bert. Metoalf In 1883, Mr. John 0.
Hardesty, a veteran and well-known editor, bought
the paper and still holds it successfully. The Herald
was kept up by Mr. Bannister alone for some months
after Mr. Harding had retired. Then he sold an in-
terest to jNIr. A. H. Dooley, formerly of Terre Haute,
who had successfully established the Argo in Quiney,
111. It has been editorially controlled by Mr. Dooley
since 1880, with the effect of making it one of the
cleanest and best family papers ever published in any
State. Mr. Hardesty does the same for the Review,
following the course of Mr. Dennis.
A few days after the suspension of the Mirror by
Mr. Harding, his partner, John R. Morton, started
the Journal of Commerce, a weekly devoted to trade
and finance. It was at first edited by Enos B. Read,
the founder of the People, and then by Dr. W. S.
Pierce, a distinguished business man and politician,
and brother-in-law of Governor Thomas A. Hen-
dricks. It was kept up with indiff'erent success for
about two years. Soon after leaving the Journal of
Commerce, Mr. B. B. Read, in connection with
Harry Shellman and George J. Schley, began the
publication of the People as a Sunday paper, with
occasional illustrations and a special devotion to local
news and interests. It was speedily successful, and
246
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
continues with no apparent decline. It has been
pubHshed for some years in the old Journal building,
on the corner of Circle and Meridian Streets. Mr.
Read has good assistance, but when his health allows
him to attend to his own work he makes as interesting
and valuable a weekly as one could wish for Sunday
reading, though the People is now, And has been
for a half-dozen years, published as a Saturday
paper. Contemporaneously with these weeklies two
children's or Sunday-school papers were published by
Rev. W. W. Dowling, The Little Sower and The
Little Watchman, both dead or removed now.
During the financial discussions that arose in the
general embarrassments following the panic of 1873,
the Sun was established, as the organ of the " Green-
back" or " Fiat" party, by James Buchanan, and
maintained here by him and Edward S. Pope and
others with ability and influence till a year or so ago,
when it was removed to Richmond, in this State.
Very recently it returned here. The Globe, an
ephemeral publication, was merged in the Swi.
The Tribune is a German daily of liberal opinions,
edited by Mr. Philip Rappaport, a lawyer and a
gentleman of fine attainments; office, 62 South Dela-
ware Street. The Telegraph is a German Demo-
cratic daily established about the year 1867, pub-
lished by the ■' Gutenberg Company," at 27 South
Delaware Street. The same company publishes the
Weekly Telegraph and the Spottvogel, or Mocking
Bird, a Sunday paper, and the Volksblatt. The
Telegraph is one of the best newspapers in the city,
and has a patronage equal to its merit. The other
dailies in full life are the ^ieios and Times.
The A^ews was established by Mr. John H. HoUi-
day, in December, 1869, the first number appearing
on the 7th of that month. Mr. Holliday had the
newspaper experience of some years of service on the
Sentinel and other city papers to enable him to judge
shrewdly of his means and opportunities, and he saw
a good place to put a cheap evening paper with all
the news of a costly morning one, condensed when
practicable, in full when desirable, and vary it with
editorial matter dictated solely by his own judgment,
with no reference to party interests or purposes. He
would do no " puffing," and have no reciprocity of
favors that always leaves a paper a large creditor in
the end. He really " filled a long-felt want," and the
A^etos was a definite success almost from the start, but
it had some serious difliculties to overcome. Patience,
energy, and fair dealing have worked out their usual
result, and the JVews has the largest daily circulation
of any paper in the State. With Mr. Holliday has
been associated, almost from the start, Daniel L.
Paine, a poet who is subject to the unusual failing of
writing too little, the author of several beautiful ope-
rettas which he has never had set to music or put on
the stage ; the author also of " Elberon," the best
poem on the death of President Garfield that was
published in any newspaper in the country at the
time. For some eight years or so Mr. Morris Ross
has done the editorial writing and contributed largely
to the establishment of the paper's reputation for wide
and accurate information and literary ability. Gideon
B. Thompson has been, at one time or another, still
longer connected with the city department, and made
a reputation in its conduct both for himself and the
paper.
The Times was begun in July, 1881, by William
R. Holloway, who had then recently left the post-
office after a twelve years' term. He had been con-
nected with the press from childhood almost. His
father, at one time commissioner of patents, was
for years editor and publisher of the Richmond
(Wayne County) Palladium, and while still in his
nonage William became a printer and compositor on
a Cincinnati paper. He served Governor Morton,
his brother-in-law, as private secretary till his pur-
chase of the Journal, in 1864, but thenceforward he
was almost always connected with a newspaper, even
when attending to the multifarious duties of post-
master of a large office like that of Indianapolis. He
had the knowledge of the business, the enterprise,
and energy for the projector of a large morning
daily, and he used them with admirable judgment
and complete success in establishing the Times.
Charles M. Walker, then recently editor-in-chief of
the Journal, became editor of the Times, and since
his acceptance of the chief clerkship of the post-
office department under Judge Gresham, at Wash-
ington, Mr. Smith has done the editorial writing
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
247
mainly, and has done it well, so that no change is
perceptible. The city department is admirably con-
ducted by Mr. Joseph E. Cobb.
The Sunday Times, now usually a double quarto,
is one of the most attractive publications in the coun-
try. The weekly of the Times is the Industrial
Times, and is made an entirely non-partisan paper.
It is an excellent publication for working men and
families of all classes. The Journal, it may be
noticed here, publishes a folio supplement on Satur-
day, the Sentinel a quarto supplement sometimes,
sometimes a folio on Sunday. Both the Sunday
papers are admirable publications, and have a very
large circulation. The News usually publishes an
eight-column page on Saturday evening, instead of
the ordinary seven-column page. The German Spott-
vogel is a Sunday paper. About the 1st of Novem-
ber, 1883, the " Indiana Publishing Company" began
the publication of a humorous weekly, with cartoons,
in the fashion of Punch and Puck and all the comic
papers of the past and present. The illustrations as
well as the reading-matter promise to make the
enterprise as successful as it is entertaining. It should
be noted here that both the Sunday Times and Sun-
day Sentinel have a department devoted exclusively
to the interests, social and political, of women, called
the Women's Department. That of the Sentinel is
edited by Mrs. Florence Atkinson, and that of the
Tiincs by Mrs. Mary Wright Sewall. Both are well
written and carefully made up.
The list of little dailies and weeklies and month-
lies that have come up and flourished a few months
or years and died, and left no sign of their existence
but a name that few remember, is a long one, and
probably impossible to make complete, but as nearly
as it can be done it is done in the following state-
ment : Of dead dailies there is, first, the Dispatch,
published by W. Thompson Hatch about the year
1850, mainly to provide a place for eulogistic notices
of members of the Legislature. It died in a few
months, and has been wholly forgotten ever since.
In 1857, Cameron & McNeeley began the publication
of the Citizen, and kept it in pretty brisk existence
for about two years, when John D. Defrees bought it
and merged it in his Atlas, which he started, in 1859,
on South Meridian Street, printing it with an Erics-
son hot-air engine, the first one ever brought here,
and the only one, probably. Mr. Defrees kept his
paper going till after the election of 1860. Iti 1861
he sold it to the Journcd, which thus absorbed the
Citizen and Atlas. It may be as well noted here
that the Journal subsequently bought the Evening
Gazette (about 1867), the Times in 1870, and in
1871 the Evening Commercial. In June, 1870, the
Daily Times was started by Dynes & Cheney nom-
inally, but really by James H. Woodard, the well-
known correspondent " Jayhawker." It died in a
week, and was bought as just stated. The Evening
Commercial was first published by Dynes & Co. in
1867, and then sold to M. G. Lee, who conducted it
till 1871, when it was sold to the Journal &Xidi made
the Evening Journal.
The weeklies established recently and still living,
besides those already referred to, are The Inde-
pendent, by Sol. Hathaway, a nou-partisan, but not
" neutral" paper, of decided opinions and a large local
circulation, maintained by Mr. Hathaway's well-
known humor and ability to treat commonplace
things entertainingly ; the Indiana Baptist, pub-
lished by Elgin & Chaille ; Indiana Farmer, 34
East Market Street ; The Indianapolis Leader,
organ of colored citizens, by Bagby Brothers ; The
Indianapolis World, also an organ and champion
of colored rights ; The Educational Weekly ; The
Live Stock Review, 476 South Illinois Street ; The
Republican, 42 North Delaware Street ; The Moni-
tor Journal, published by M. E. Shiel, old Sentinel
building on Market and Circle Streets; Southside
and Country, after some years of existence and in-
fluence, has been suspended and succeeded by the Ga-
zette; Monroe's Ironclad Age is the quaint title of
a " free-thinking" paper, conducted on North Illinois
Street by Dr. J. R. Monroe, for many years one of
the foremost and best-known writers of the State,
and a poet of great fertility of fancy, and vigor not
to say vehemence of style. His paper is largely read
by "sceptics," "evolutionists," and "agnostics,"
and commands correspondence from all parts of the
country; Western Citizen, started by Thomas Mc-
Sheehy and his brother five or six years ago, was
248
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
recently suspended and succeeded by the New Record,
as a sort of Catholic organ ; Western Sportsman and
Live Stock News, published by Nelson Randall, 18J
North Pennsylvania Street; the ZiiJcun/t, a German
paper published by the Gutenberg Company, 27
South Delaware Street. The Grand Army Gruard
was started in July, 1883, as the organ of the great
patriotic body from which it takes its name. It is
edited by Ben. D. House, long connected with the
city, and known all over the State as one of its first
poets. The only semi-weekly is the Bulletin. These,
with the older weeklies, make as complete a list as
is now attainable. Those that have died, besides those
already named, are the Organette, published by Sam-
uel LefiBngwell ; the Iconoclast, of unsavory reputation ;
the Torchlight, of which little is known but the name.
The living monthlies, including the semi-monthly
Manufacturer, published by Max Hyman, are first
and foremost the Former. The Indiana Farmer
was established by Osborn & Willetts as early as
18-35 or 1836, but ran out about 1840, when Mr.
Noel revived it, with Henry Ward Beecher as editor.
If the latter knew nothing much about farming he
knew a great deal, instinctively or experimentally,
about human nature, and made his magazine quite
as valuable and a good deal more interesting than men
would who were better farmers. It went down when
Mr. Beecher left in 1847, but it has been revived
and suspended several times since, till some ten or a
dozen years ago, when the Northwestern Farmer,
started by T. A. Bland, was taken in hand by Mr.
J. G. Kingsbury and Mr. Caldwell, and made one of
the permanent and indispensable agricultural publica-
tions of the West. The Drainage and Farm Jour-
nal, published by J. J. W. Billingsley, No. 32 Thorpe
Block ; Gleaner and Miller, published by Andrews
& Moore — it does not appear in the mailing list of
the post-office ; Indiana Official Railway Guide,
published by Hasselman & Co., Journal building ;
Crown of Glory, succeeding Happy Pilgrim, No. 88
East Georgia Street ; the Indianapolis School Jour-
nal, published by William A. Bell, Journal building;
Industrial Journal, No. 70 East Market Street;
Masonic Advocate, published by Martin & Rice,' No.
14 Masonic Temple ; Millstone, an industrial paper
published by the Nordyke & Marmon Machine-
Works Company, edited by David H. Ranck ;
National Lesson Paper, by the Standard Publish-
ing Company, No. 35 Thorpe Block ; National
Presbyterian, published by the same company ; Odd-
Fellows' Talisman and Literary Journal, published
by John Reynolds, Odd-Fellows' Hall ; Physio-Med-
ical Journal, No. 7 1 East Ohio Street ; Pythian
Journal, No. 27 South Meridian Street ; Rough Notes,
an insurance paper published by Rough Notes Com-
pany, Thorpe Block ; Scholar's Monthly, by Stand-
ard Publishing Company, Thorpe Block ; The School
Neics, Henry D. Stevens publisher, Plymouth Church
building ; The Jersey Bulletin, a record and publica-
tion in the interest of breeders and fanciers of Jersey
cattle, published by F. M. Churchman, one of the
most noted breeders of Jersey stock ; the Indiana
Medical Journal', The Pharmacist, the Wood-
worker, Western Record, Organizer, Fanciers' Gor
zette, Indiana Laio Magazine, Missionary Tidings,
succeeding Woman's Own ; Midland Monthly, suc-
ceeding the Telephone; Agricultural Press, pub-
lished by Cyrus T. Nixon.
The recently-started monthlies that have a little
more recently disappeared are Farm, Herd, and
Home, begun some two or three years ago by Austin
H. Brown and A. Abromet, very recently suspended ;
After Supper, the fanciful title of a literary and
family publication ; the Telephone, a very promising
literary magazine, suspended within a year and re-
placed by the Midland Monthly; Woman's Own,
replaced by Missionary Tidings; Trans- Continental,
recently suspended ; Cock and Hen, succeeded by
the Fanciers' Gazette ; Our Folks, stopped about a
year ago. The Champion and Revista are dead
monthlies of which nothing is left but the name.
In concluding this sketch of the history of the
press justice to the present management of the lead-
ing papers requires a recognition of the great im-
provement in them in two directions, aside from their
greater resources, better systems, and larger enter-
prise. Personalities have almost wholly disappeared.
Attacks on private character are nearly unknown.
Editors don't coddle or "cuss" each other by name,
as they did thirty years ago or twenty years ago.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
249
Tom Smith, of the Brvshburff Bugle, doesn't ask
Bill Harris, of the Oakridge Owl, to " drop in and
take something the next time he is in the town," or
ask him "how his lame leg is;" and such things
were common in the country papers in the decade
preceding the war, and not unknown to city papers.
The identification of the editor and his paper was
nearly as absolute as his identification with his name,
and even " metropolitan" journals often spoke of an
editorial outgiving as something coming from that
" fool, Jones," or the " shrewd and judicious Brown."
It is not thirty years since Greeley told Raymond he
" lied," and called him a " little villain." A reform
was begun, though by no means completed, in this
direction by the same influences that reformed the
country-village fashions of the daily Journal and
Sentinel in 1854, and thenceforward. The practice
of alluding to the paper impersonally, excluding all
personal reference, took root then, and spread in time
to the country papers. Now it would surprise an In-
dianapolis reader to see his paper calling the editor of
another paper a " liar" or mentioning his name at all
in connection with any editorial utterance. The
access of impersonality has greatly improved the tone
of the press by enhancing its sense of its dignity.
The other direction in which there has been a
decided improvement is the relaxation or disregard
of party discipline. Party organs sometimes criticise
party action and party leaders in a way that would
have made a leader or editor of 1844 or 1852 " stare
and gasp." Not only so, but very many more papers
disclaim all party allegiance, and hold themselves free
to act as they deem best than formerly. It was the
common reproach of neutral papers thirty years ago
that they had not "brains enough to form an opinion."
And there was so far a basis for it that, while neutral
papers were very neutral and very far from being un-
common, an independent paper was very uncommon.
Now all this is changed. A neutral paper, that is, a
newspaper, not a literary or specialty paper, is a rarity ;
an independent paper with opinions on all public sub-
jects and a ready declaration of them is a familiar
exi.stence. Thirty years ago a partisan editor would
as soon have repudiated his wife as any public declara-
tion of a leader or any assertion of a platform
felt bound to stand by everything the party did or
demanded, to magnify every good thing and excuse
or palliate every bad one. He " never scratched a
ticket" or questioned a nomination. There are plenty
of these " thick-and-thin" partisans yet, and always
will be, but there are ten who will not put on such
manacles now to one that was as self-supporting
thirty or even twenty years ago. The party paper of
the decade before the war never quoted anything
from one of the "adverse faction" except to contra-
dict or ridicule it. Now it is common for partisan
papers to copy antagonistic articles and let an oppo-
nent speak for himself. There is no doubt more sor-
didness, more meanness, more sneaking corruption in
parties nowadays than there used to be, but there is
also more liberality of sentiment, more courtesy, and
more general and accurate information in party dis-
cussions in the press than there ever was before.
He
CHAPTER XI.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS— (Co.Kinuerf.)
Public Buildings— Public Halls — Theatres — Lectures — Concerts
Musical and Art Societies — Literary and other Clubs —
Hotels.
Court-House. — The old court-house, of which a
complete account appears in the general history, was
found to be inadequate long before its removal and
replacement by a better one were decided upon in
1869-70. But for the heavy expense caused by the
payment of bounties to volunteers to avert a conscrip-
tion, a new building would have been commenced
several years sooner. The new court-house fronts
southward towards Washington Street, eighty feet
from the street line, with east and west entrances,
little inferior to the main front, on Alabama and Dela-
ware Streets, seventy-two feet from each. The north
side is nearly half the length of the square south of
the line of Market Street. This space is reserved for
any future buildings that may be needed, the chief of
which will probably be a city prison. The length of
the structure is two hundred and seventy-six feet six
inches by one hundred and six feet five inches, exclu-
250
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
sive of the projections, which are eight, — one on the
centre of the south front, seventy-four feet six inches
long by seventeen deep ; one on the rear or north
side, eighty-nine feet four inches by thirteen feet ; one
twenty-four feet two inches by six feet nine inches
on the centre of each end on the east and west fronts;
four on the extremes, two of which are twenty-six
feet by three feet eight inches on the south front,
and two are twenty-one by one foot three inches on
the rear. These, together with the intermediate
spaces, form the several bays of the building, all
of which terminate within the line of the main
roof, except tliree projections which constitute a
part of the tower and the pavilions, which are
raised above the apex of the main roof, the former
ninety-seven and the latter twenty-eight feet. The
height to the top of the backing above the main cor-
nice, which has a common level, belting both tower
and pavilion, is sixty-two feet nine inches ; height to
the top of the crest cornice, seventy-nine feet ; height
to the apex of the main roof, ninety-four feet ; height
to top of crestings of pavilions, one hundred and
twenty-two feet ; height to top of tower, one hundred
and ninety-four feet, measuring from the ground line,
which is raised four feet eight inches above the street
grade (in early times the court-house square was
lower, so that water stood in puddles over it after a
rain). The main edifice consists of three stories, ex-
cept that portion occupied by court-rooms, which is
two stories in height, exclusive of the basement and
mansards, the former extending under and the latter
over the entire building. The basement is sixteen
feet high ; the first story, sixteen feet ; second story,
thirteen feet six inches ; third story, thirteen feet six
inches ; court-room stories, twenty-eight feet ; man-
sard, twenty-one feet. Some forty or more polished
red granite pillars, from Peterhead, Scotland, decorate
the upper projections.
The stairways descend into the basement from the
south and east and west fronts. From the first floor
they ascend to the second'from near the centre of the
hall, which opens clear to the roof and is lighted by
skylights. A broad bridge joins the halls on each side
of the balustrade surrounding the open space over the
stairways. At each end a stairway ascends from the
second story to the third, in a line with the lower
stairway, but set forward some thirty feet or so. The
halls are finished in " carton pierre," or paper-stone,
and fresco, with a bewildering profusion of colors and
figures that make a stronger impression of gaudiness
and "gingerbread" work than richness or elegance.
The court-rooms are of much the same character,
with emblematic frescoes on the ceilings which are
certainly no marvels of artistic taste or skill. A gal-
lery entered from the third story surrounds three sides
of each of the three Superior Court rooms, the Circuit
Court room, and the Criminal Court room. This last,
on the north side, is the largest in the building, and
is used as the hall of the House when the Legislature
is in session. The room next to it at the east end,
one of the Superior Court rooms, is used as the Sen-
ate Chamber. The basement is wholly occupied by
city ofiices ; the first floor by county oSices and
the county library ; the second by court-rooms and
the necessary appendages, jury-rooms and the like.
The mansard is occupied by court-room galleries, by
court-rooms when the Legislature is in session, and by
rooms for old records and other uses. In the tower
is a good clock with a bad face, hard to see two squares
away in the daytime, and invisible at night under the
weak illumination it gets from inside. The bell can
be heard at the city limits at night, rarely at all in the
daytime anywhere out of sight of the clock dial.
The style of the building is the " Renaissance." The
architect was Mr. Isaac Hodgson ; the stone-masons,
Scott & Nicholson. The artistic finishers were Italians
brought here from the East to spoil a fine work that
would have been grand in its simplicity if left untor-
tured by bad taste. The building was finished in
July, 1876, and cost one million four hundred and
twenty-two thousand dollars, nearly twice the original
estimate. It is one of the handsomest public buildings
in the United States, and well built, except in the in-
ferior character of its finishing. The county board
by which the work was mainly done was composed, at
one time and another of the six years, of the late
Aaron McCray, 1867-73; Lorenzo Vanscyoc, 1868-
71 ; John Armstrong, 1870-73 ; Samuel S. Rumford,
1871-74 ; Charles A. Howland, 1873-76 ; Alexander
Jameson, 1873-76 ; Samuel Cory, 1874-77.
56
S3)
@
3 i
5S> I
■S) 3
-ip^*
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
251
In the general history it is said that the temporary
building erected for a political meeting-place on the
southeast corner of the court-house square in 1864
was the only structure of that kind placed on the
square. There was one on the southwest corner for
a very short time in 1860, and another on the north-
west corner in 1872, where Gen. Butler made a speech
on the only occasion that he ever visited the city.
Gen. Hawley, of Connecticut, also spoke there about
the same time. These " wigwams," as they were
called, were not allowed to remain long after their
special use was completed, while that of 1864 re-
mained for a year or so. In the campaign of 1880
a " wigwam" was erected near the corner of Mary-
land and Mississippi Streets, and is still standing.
COITRT-HOUSE BUILT IN 1823-24; TOKN DOWN 1870.
City Buildings. — The city has never had any
public buildings but the two market-houses and the
station-house, excluding engine-houses. Its oflSce-
rooms have been rented always except during a few
years when the Town Council meetings were held in
the upper room of the Marion Engine House, on the
Circle. Within a year an ordinance was passed by
the Council and Board of Aldermen to build a city hall
and market-house on the East Market space, with a
large bequest made by the late Stephen Tomlinson for
that purpose ; but some doubt as to the expense being
brought within the limits of the bequest and of the
other resources,— the city license of liquor-saloons
especially,— with some informality in letting the con-
tract, opened the way for a legal obstruction of the
work, and it was abandoned. Very recently, how-
ever, the market-house project has been revived, and
seems in a fair way to go through. The station-house
on South Alabama Street is a product of the last
decade. In 1866 the expense of boarding city pris-
oners in the county jail became so great that the
Council determined to build a station-house. A lot
was bought for four thousand dollars, on Maryland
Street between Meridian and Pennsylvania, and there
the effort ended for four or five years, when a lot on
Alabama Street, on the corner of the first alley south
of Washington, was bought, and a house of fair size
and safety put there. About the time of the pur-
chase of the station-house lot on Maryland Street,
propositions for the sale of a site for a city hall, or
for renting suitable buildings, were made by different
proprietors. The old Beecher church property was
offered for fifteen thousand dollars in city bonds ; An-
drew Wallace offered his block on Maryland and
Delaware Streets, and the Journal company offered
to build a hall on the then vacant west half of its lot,
where the Times office is now. The Council rejected
them all, doing its first effective work in that direc-
tion in 1883. The county has an " Asylum," once
the " Poor-House," in Wayne township, on a large
farm, with a building that cost some one hundred and
twenty thousand dollars, and affords good and com-
fortable accommodations for more than a hundred
inmates constantly, but being some distance from any
frequented road,— the old Lafayette pike passing near-
est it,— the public generally know little of it, except as
the papers note the annual visits of the county board
and the festive occasions made of them. The build-
ing is a large and handsome one, becoming the wealth
and standing of the county, with an average of over
one hundred inmates always.
The incurable insane of the county, like those of
other counties, have been kept in this county asylum
when necessary. Hereafter they will go to one of the
three— not five, as stated in the sketch of the history
of the State Insane Asylum, page 124— institutions
for the incurable insane provided by the act of the
last Legislature, though recommended by Governor
Baker as early as 1869. One of these is to be at
252
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Evansville, one at Richmond, and one at Logans-
port.
State-House. — Of the legislation touching a new
State-House prior to the act of 1877, little need be
said. A committee was appointed a dozen years ago
to consider the subject, procure plans, and make a
report to enlighten the Legislature, but nothing
came of it except the recommendation of a really
fine plan of Mr. Charles Eppinghausen, of Terre
Haute, to which no attention was given. In 1877
an act authorized the Governor to appoint four com-
missioners, two from each of " the two leading po-
litical parties," the Governor to act as one ex officio
in addition, to " organize to build a State-House,"
limiting the cost to two millions of dollars, and levy-
ing a tax of one cent on the hundred dollars in 1877,
and two cents in 1878, " for a State-House fund."
On the 24th of May, 1877, the Board of State-
House Commissioners was organized. The Gov-
ernor, the late James D. Williams, appointed Gen.
Thomas A. Morris, of this city, and Wm. R. Mc-
Keen, of Terre Haute, from the Republican party,
and Gen. John Love, of this city, and I. D. G.
Nelson, of Fort Wayne, from the Democratic party.
Mr. McKeen resigned in a few months, and Prof.
John M. Collett, now State geologist, was appointed
in his place. The board, after examining the four
plans specially noticed by the Legislative committee,
— that of Eppinghausen being preferred, — returned
them all to their authors, and invited new plans.
They also visited the capitals of Illinois, Connecticut,
Michigan, and various public buildings throughout
the country, gathered information about material,
had tests made, and, finally, on the 11th of December,
1877, had received twenty-four plans. On the 28th
of August previously they sold the old building to
John Martin for two hundred and fifty dollars, who
agreed to remove it by the 1st of April, 1878.
After a good deal of discussion and examination by
experts, the board chose the plan of Edwin May, of
this city, who died a year or two after the work
began, and proceeded to excavate for the basement
and to construct a sewer for the joint use of the State
and the city, as has since been done with the State's
" Female Reformatory" and the city sewer connec-
tion. The city authorities vacated Market Street
from Tennessee to Mississippi, thus giving the new
building an unbroken area of two squares and the
intervening street, about nine acres. Proposals to
build the whole structure or portions of it were
advertised for, and on the 13th of August, 1878,
thirty-one bids were opened, some proposing to take
portions, but ten proposing to take the whole work
at a cost ranging from $1,611,672.25, made by
Kanmacher & Denig, to $2,114,714.13, made by the
" New England and Granite Stone Company."
After due inquiry the contract was given to Kan-
macher & Denig, with a reservation of $102,051
for "steam heating," "encaustic tiles," "marble
mantles," " wasbstands," " hardware," and " vault
doors," which it was thought could be more favor-
ably contracted for at some later period. This left
the price of the work, under the lowest bid, $1,509,-
621.25. The whole estimated cost of the building,
including the reserved articles, sewer construction,
glass, and basement excavation, was $1,638,603.76.
The corner-stone was laid Sept. 28, 1880, with a
poem by Mrs. Bolton and an address by ex-Gov-
ernor Hendricks.
The building is in length four hundred and ninety-
two feet on the east and west fronts ; the centre, from
east to west, two hundred and eighty-two feet by one
hundred and eighteen in width ; the north and south
fronts, each one hundred and eighty-five feet ; height
of dome, two hundred and thirty-four feet, diameter
seventy-two feet ; height of east and west fronts, one
hundred feet ; south and north fronts, ninety-two feet ;
basement story, twelve feet high ; first story, eighteen
feet six inches ; second story, nineteen feet ; Represen-
tatives' Hall, forty-eight feet ; Senate Chamber, forty-
eight feet ; Supreme Court room, forty feet ; third
story, sixteen feet six inches. The outer walls are
faced with cut stone, backed with brick-work, and
laid in cement mortar. The frame-work of the roof
is of wrought iron. The exterior covering of the
roof is slate and copper. The Tennessee Street, or
principal front, has a flight of stone steps, sixty feet
in width, leading to the grand portico and corridor of
the first floor. The pediment of this portico is sup-
ported by polished fluted columns, with carved capi-
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
253
tals, the tympanum richly ornamented with the
State's coat-of-arms. The dome is the leading archi-
tectural feature.
From the foundation to the springing line of roof
the dome is constructed of Indiana stone, built in a
direct plumb line, " solids over solids and voids over
voids," cut and dressed to such exact dimensions that,
with a small stretch of the imagination, it may be
considered as one large block of stone, perforated for
passages and window openings. No plastering, stucco,
or iron-work is required as finish or ornamentation,
outside or within, as all decoration is cut on or in
the solid stone. A dome constructed in this manner
will serve as a useful monument or memorial, as on
the inside walls, as well as the corridor sides, there
are niches for statuary, and panels for inscription
and relief work. Access to the lantern and gallery
is by easy stairways from the third floor. A gallery i
thus constructed in the interior affords a sheltered
"lookout," and at the same time relieves the dome
of the common defect of insecure and leaky con-
struction.
The exterior of the main building indicates the
locality of the various departments, such as the Hall
of Representatives, Senate Chamber, State Library,
and Supreme Court room. The steps ascending to
the first floor, from each street on the four fronts,
constitute an attractive architectural feature, and for
convenience will be duly appreciated. The legislative
halls and principal rooms are lighted direct from the
outside, roof and ceiling lights being carefully avoided.
The ceilings of the Senate Chamber, Hall of Repre-
sentatives, State Library, and Supreme Court room
are constructed with panel work, and such ornaments
are introduced as will best harmonize with the decora-
tions of the side walls and furniture. In the interior
arrangements the architect has introduced all the
modern improvements in heating, plumbing, and
ventilating, elevators for passengers and fuel, dust
flues from each department, electric and telephone
combinations, soft water for lavatories, electric clocks,
and electric lighting of gas. The halls are set at
regular intervals with polished marble columns on
granite bases, and extend the entire length of the
building, nearly five hundred feet, forming the finest
colonnades in any public building in the Union, except
those of the national capitol at Washington. The
niches and panels of the dome and the surrounding
colonnade are intended to be occupied by busts,
statues, and other memorials of the State's history,
especially of its participation in the war for the Union.
Up to the close of the building season in 1882 the
contractors, Howard & Denig (Mr. Howard succeed-
ing Mr. Kanmacher), had completed the work in
admirable style to the floor of the third story.
Thinking their contract likely to be a losing one
from the rise in the price of material and labor, they
asked the Legislature for a large extra compensation,
failing in which they would be compelled to abandon
the contract. The Legislature concluded to abide by
the bargain, and hold them to it. Work was stopped
for the greater part of the year 1883, and then the
sureties of the contractors concluded to take the
building and complete it on the original terms. They
did a considerable amount of work in the fall, and
the case looks promising for as speedy a completion
as was originally anticipated. The commissioners
have watched the progress of the work incessantly
and anxiously, and have secured, so far, as perfect a
piece of builders' skill as can be found in any modern
structure in Christendom. On the resignation of
Professor CoUett, W. B. Seward, of Bloomington,
was appointed in his place, and on the death of
Gen. Love, Mr. Henry Mursinna, of Evansville,
filled that vacancy. The board now consists of the
original members (Gen. Morris and I. D. G. Nelson)
and Mr. Seward and Mr. Mursinna, with the Gov-
ernor ex officio a member, and Capt. John M. Go-
down, secretary, succeeding W. C. Tarkington, who
resigned in a year after his appointment in 1877.
The State Buildings. — These are on the south-
west corner of Washington and Tennessee Streets,
and cover the whole lot belonging to the State, on
which the first treasurer's ofiice and residence were
built. After this house was abandoned by the treas-
urer, in 1856 or 1857, it was rented till it was torn
down, in 1865, and replaced, in 1867, by the present
buildings for the State offices, which were then scat-
tered about, some in the " McOuat Block" on Ken-
tucky Avenue, some in the State-House, and some in
254
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the Arsenal building, north of the State-House.
John L. Smithmeyer planned the new State buildings,
but was not thought at the time to have made a par-
ticularly good job of it, either in convenience, beauty,
or durability. It accomnjodated all the State oflBces,
including the Supreme Court and the " chambers" of
the judges, except the State library and the Gov-
ernor's oflBce, which remained in the old State-House
till it was sold to be torn down, when they were
removed, the one to the " Gallup" or " McCray
Block," where it is yet, the other to one of the rooms
of the State building. The office of the superintend-
ent of public instruction was kept mainly in the
Gallup Block for a half-dozen terms or more. Some
half-dozen or more years ago a large addition to the
State buildings was made on the south, for the State-
House Board, the superintendent of public instruc-
tion, and some other public uses. The State geologist
and museum are in the second story of the " Gallup
Block," with the State Board of Agriculture. The
State Bureau of Statistics is in the Masonic Temple.
These will all go to the new State-House.
Post-OflB.ce. — The post-office building, in which the
Federal courts meet and all the national offices are
kept, is a large but not very impressive looking
stone structure on the southeast corner of Market
and Pennsylvania Streets. It was begun in 1857,
on the site of the blacksmith-shop attached to the
first carriage-factory, on the same square. The
ground was swampy, and at the southwest corner
the excavation for the cellar broke into a section of
quicksand and liquid mud, which had to be drained
by a steam-pump and filled in with broken stone and
cement for many a day before a safe foundation was
made for the massive structure that was to rest upon
it. In 1860 it was completed, at a cost of one hun-
dred and sixty thousand dollars. Some years ago it
was enlarged by an addition to the depth eastward
that nearly doubled its capacity. An elevator was
put in the south lobby. The post-office was moved
into it in 1860, after moving about over the village,
town, and city in a vagabond way for nearly forty
years. When Mr. Henderson first took the office
in March, 1822, it was kept in a house near Mis-
souri Street, the line of the future canal. That was
a convenient point between the settlement on the
river and that further inland. It was moved from
there, in 1823 or 1824, to Henderson's tavern, where
" Washington Hall" afterwards stood and where the
" Glenn Block" now stands. Then, on the accession
of Capt. John Cain to the office, in February, 1831,
he removed it to the north side of Washington
Street, half-way between Meridian and Illinois, where,
a few years later, — in 1835 or thereabouts, — was
erected the " Union Row," the first " block" of build-
ings in this place. One of these Capt. Cain owned,
and in it he put the post-office as soon as it was
finished. For some years before 1849 it was kept
on the west side of Meridian Street, in the building
next to the Relief Engine House, now replaced by
" Hubbard's Block." It was removed by Col. Rus-
sell, or by Dr. Dunlap before him, to the west side
of Pennsylvania Street, adjoining the Journal office,
where a fire broke out that damaged both establish-
ments considerably, though not enough to interfere
with the course of business of either. This was
near 1850. After the fire a removal was made to
the east side of Meridian, in a three-story brick of
Judge Blackford's, — used as a hospital for Confed-
erate prisoners during the war, — now replaced by
the " Blackford Block." From that building it went
to its own in 1860, under John M. Talbott. Our
postmasters have been :
Samuel Henderson 1822-31
John Cain 1831-41
Joseph M. Moore 1841-
John Cain 1841-45
Livingston Dunlap 1845-49
Ale.xander W. Russell 1849-51
James N. Russell 1851-53
William W.Wick 1853-57
John M. Talbott 1857-61
Alexander H. Conner 1861-66
David G. Rose 1866-69
William R. HoUoway 1869-81
James A. Wildman 1881
Joseph M. Moore was appointed by President
Harrison. In a few months he was dismissed by
Tyler and Cain reappointed. Col. Russell died in
the office in 1851 or 1852, and his son James was
appointed to serve out the term.
Some items of the business done in the post-office
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
255
in 1870 will furnish an interesting comparison with
the report of the year just closed :
isro.
Sales of stamps and stamped envelopes
From money-orders and deposits of postmasters on
money-order account
Registered letters for distribution
Registered letters for city delivery
Registered letters for mailing
Letters delivered from boxes and general delivery..
Letters advertised and sent to Dead-Letter Office...
Letters, by mail, delivered by carriers
Letters, local, delivered by carriers
Newspapers delivered by carriers
Letters collected by carriers
Letters received for distribution
Letters deposited in office and collected from street
boxes
Letters, total, sent from office
Letters, city, sent to Dead-Letter Office
Letters, held for better direction, sent to Dead-
Letter Office
Letters, addressed in initials or fictitious names,
sent to Dead-Letter Office
Letters returned from hotels and sent to Dead-
Letter Office
Letters returned to writers
Bags of newspapers mailed, received, distributed,
(equal to 70,200 bushels)
Lock-pouches and mail-boxes dispatched
Lock-pouches and mail-boxes received
1883.
Carriers employed
Delivery trips daily
Collection trips daily
Registered letters delivered
Mail letters delivered
Mail postal-cards delivered
Local letters delivered
Local postal-cards delivered
Newspapers, etc., delivered
Letters returned to theoffice
Letters collected
Postal-cards collected
Newspapers collected
Total postage on local matter delivered in boxes,
general delivery, and carriers
Amount paid carriers
Incidental expenses
Number of letters, postal-cards, and circulars dis-
tributed on letter case during the year 188.3....
Newspapers, periodicals, circulars, merchandise,
and transient matter distributed on paper cases.
Lock-pouches dispatched 34,675
Canvas bags dispatched 36,500
Lock-pduches received 39,055
Canvas bags received 27,375
Total number pouches and canvas bags received
and dispatched during the year 1883
Number of letters mailed without postage.... 3,580
Number of packages mailed without postage. 237
Total number of letters and packages mailed with-
out postage during the year 1883
$84,188.46
$494,386.55
19,120
8,376
1,240
306,000
18,400
2,276,134
1,472,640
376,704
1,349,943
9,403,200
1,331,457
10,734,657
6,000
7,200
500
800
7,000
42,570
28,600
28,500
33
1104
1170
48,498
4,432,675
983,419
538,548
477,564
2,460,000
5,135
2,410,791
946,268
289,157
$15,426.55
.$30,729.78
$1,553.54
1,715,500
934,000
137,605
GENERAL BUSINESS, JANU.\RY l«t TO DECEMBER Ist, 1883.
Jiecdpti.
March 31, 18S3 $51,272.98
June 30, 1883 19,366.27
September 30, 1883 48,546.13
December 31, 1883 46,486.92
Total receipts $194,672.30
Total expenses 74,091.24
Turned over to treasury $120,581.06
Exjicndilures.
March 31, 1883 $18,342.34
June 30, 1883 18,348.92
September 30, 1883 18,732.89
December 31, 1883 18,667.09
$74,091.24
MONET-OBDER DEPARTMENT.
No. orders paid.
Domestic 20,199 Domestic.
Canadian
British
German
Swiss
Italian
French
New Zealand
56 I Canadian
532 I British
583 i German
47 Swiss
62 I Italian
14 French
2 j New Zealand
1 New South Wales.,
' India
73,468
259
3,817
73,888
Postal-notes issued 1,960 I Postal-notes paid 9,663
The business of the money-order department from
January, 1883, to January, 1884, will amount in the
aggregate to one million dollars.
Public Halls. — The court-house -was the public
hall of Indianapolis for twenty-five years. As related
in the general history, it was used as a church, con-
cert-room, lecture-hall, show-room, hall for public meet-
inn's and political conventions, almost alone, during
that quarter of a century. The hall of the House of
Kepresentatives was occasionally used for meetings of
the "raver grade by permission of that body formally
voted. John B. Dillon delivered his lectures on In-
diana history there in 1844, the General Conference
of the Methodist Church was held there in the spring
of 1856, and Fanny Lee Townsend lectured on
Women's Rights in the Senate chamber in 1850, but
the court-house was the general dependence. In
1847 the Grand Lodge of the Masonic Order of the
State decided to build a large and handsome edifice
here for the use of the order, and make one story of
256
HISTORy OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
it a public hall. In May they bought the vacant lot
southeast corner of Tennessee and Washington
Streets, and formed a company — the Grand Lodge
taking a large share of the stock — to erect the build-
ing. The plan was proposed by one of the first resi-
dent architects here, Mr. J. Willis, and the late
William Sheets superintended the work, subsequently
receiving a handsome and costly silver service from
the order for the gratuitous work he had done for
them in this respect. On the 25th of October the
corner-stone was laid with impressive Masonic cere-
monies, and the singing of a hymn written for the
occasion by Mrs. Sarah S. Bolton.
The work hung heavily for want of ready means,
and it was not till the spring of 1850 that it was so
far advanced that the hall could be opened. When
entirely inclosed, but before the floors were laid, a
man by the name of Becker, while stepping across
the upper story on the joists, fell to the ground-floor
and was instantly killed but a minute or two before
his two little boys passed the hall on their way home
from Sunday-school. Their first look inside showed
them the dead body of their father. In the summer
of 1850 the hall was first occupied by Mrs. Lesder-
nier for a dramatic reading. In the winter the Con-
Btitutional Convention, which had met in the hall of
the House, was forced out by the meeting of the
Legislature and went to Masonic Hall. It was fitted
up with a platform at the south end, and with rows
of red settees for the members. At night it was
lighted by three great, black, ugly chandeliers, with
seven or eight sprawling branches that looked like
monstrous spiders. They were supplied with gas
made of grease and refuse in a little building in the
rear, as were a street-lamp or two in front. Here all
public exhibitions and entertainments were given from
1850 to about the close of the war, when Morrison's
Opera-Hall, on the northeast corner of Meridian and
Maryland Streets, then recently completed, began to
be used for such purposes considerably till it was
burned, in the winter of 1869. The fire had caught
in the heating-furnace and made dangerous headway
before it was discovered. An alarm would have
made a panic and catastrophe. A preacher who
made the discovery gave no alarm, but went among
the audience whispering the news to them, with
directions to go out quietly, and all got out safely,
some without knowing what the matter was till they
saw the flames burst out. Occasional use was made
of two other halls in that time, but being smaller and
less accessible they were hardly an exception to the
universal use of the larger. In 1875 Masonic Hall
was rebuilt, the order using all the upper stories of
the front building and making a separate but con-
nected building of the public hall, which is a better
one than the old one. The Grand Lodge long since
absorbed all the stock issued in 1847.
The smaller halls were " College Hall," in the
third story of the building erected by Daniel Yandes
and Thomas H. Sharpe on the site of the old McCarty
store, southwest corner of Washington and Pennsyl-
vania Streets, a little before the Masonic Hall was
built ; and " Washington Hall," opposite " Masonic
Hall," built within a year or two of the others. A
number of minor halls have been built since, but
require no special mention here.
Theatres. — -The first theatrical performance in
Indianapolis Mr. Nowland puts in the winter of 1825,
but Mr. Ignatius Brown, citing the Gazette as au-
thority, says it was in December, 1823. A reference
is made to it in the general history. The first dra-
matic performance, with a stage, scenery, orchestra,
a full cast of parts and regular " posters," occurred in
1838 or 1839. It was not largely patronized, but its
expense was small, and it did well enough to come
again in two or three years. The better class of
Indianapolis society, and that best able to make its
patronage desirable, was not partial to the theatre.
The religious element was immovably dominant and
by no means tolerant. It would go to a menagerie,
or " animal show," as it was usually called, but not
to a circus. If the two were combined the bad ruined
both. Schools were sometimes given a holiday to
visit a menagerie, but scholars who visited a circus
were usually rewarded by a private performance like
the ring-master's whip and the clown, dissimilar only
in its reality. Concerts were tolerable if not credit-
able, but a theatre was irredeemable depravity. The
feeling has changed a great deal in the last twenty-
five years. In 1858 it forbade the Widows' and
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
257
Orphans' Society from receiving a five-hundred dollar
benefit at the Metropolitan Theatre. In 1868, ten
year."! later, it moved the very same society to conduct
a series of dramatic performances in Morrison's Opera-
Hall, for the very same purpose as that so peremp-
torily repelled before. The town had grown then till
it was big enough and rich enough to furnish paying
patronage without dependence on the " rigidly
righteous," and moral antipathies, finding themselves
powerless to restrain the theatrical demoralization,
abandoned the contest and grew weak from disuse.
It is not certain that the hostility of the old citizens
did not, in the main, benefit the reprehensible shows
by the allurement of doing a forbidden thing. At
all events, Indianapolis has always been held a first-
rate town by showmen of all varieties, from an operatic
star to a double-headed baby. Negro minstrels and
circuses are especially popular, or have been. The
theatre before the war was poor property ; during
the war it was a bonanza. Since the war it has
fluctuated, with a general tendency towards improve-
ment.
Returning from this digression to the first regular
dramatic season in the city, we find that a Mr. Lind-
say was the manager, and Mr. OUaman's wagon-shop,
opposite the court-house, on Washington Street, the
theatre. A low stage was built at the south end, on
the floor, level with the sidewalk, or lower, while
the seats were given a little elevation as they ap-
proached the entrance. The orchestra was a fiddle,
a clarionet, and a brass instrument, the scenery poor
and primitive, but it was scenery, and the perform-
ance much like other third-rate stage work. The
plays oftenest noticed on the bulletin board were
" The Stranger," " Pizarro," " Swiss Cottage," "Loan
of a Lover," and '' Virginius." Comic songs were
introduced between the tragedy and the after-piece,
among which the boys picked up the " Tongo Is-
lands," with a lively air and an inextricable tangle of
unintelligible chorus ; " Jenny, Get Your Hoe-Cake
Done," a " nigger" song of the " Jim Crow" or early
variety ; " Near Fly Market Lived a Dame," and
similar rubbish no worse than most of the comic trash
of the stage to-day, and less likely to be indecently
suggestive. It was silly, but it was not nasty. In
17
1840-41, Mr. Lindsay came again and fitted up in
better style the old Indiana Democrat ofiSce, on the
site of the News building, and here he had two of
the finest dramatic performers in the United States
of that day, Augustus A. Adams and Mrs. Drake.
A mistimed debauch had lost the eminent tragedian
a chance of a better engagement, and he came here
in default of having anything else to do. Mrs. Drake
was possibly in a similar strait, or she would hardly
have come here to play in a little theatre that could
not seat more than two hundred. However, they did
come, and Indianapolis that winter had as fine playing
as any city in the Union. The leading performers
were in their prime and did their best.
A funny scene occurred here that was the town
talk for a month. Capt. George W. Cutter, author
of the "Song of Steam" and " E Pluribus Unum,"
both of unusual merit, — written several years after
this time, however, — was a member of the Legisla-
ture from Terre Haute, a pock-marked, brilliant-eyed,
voluble declaimer of the sun-soaring, eagle-screaming
order, who had made a conspicuous figure in the great
Harrison " log-cabin" campaign the year before, and
he boarded at the " Washington Hall," where Mrs.
Drake did. She was old enough to be his aunt, if
not his mother, but he fell desperately in love with
her, and she apparently with him. The billing and
cooing of these oddly-mated turtles was endless fun
for the other inmates of the hotel. He always
attended her to the theatre, and remained at the
" wings" when she was on the stage. One night
her part required a fall, and her adorer fancying it
a real one rushed upon the stage, to the utter con-
fusion of the scene and the uproarious delight of the
audience, and tenderly raising her ponderous loveli-
ness,— for she was " fat, fair, and forty," — carried her
off with many sweetly murmured condolings. They
were married soon after this pathetic incident.
Mrs. Drake returned here and played with her
daughter, Mrs. Harry Chapman, and Mr. Chapman,
at the Metropolitan during the war. Capt. Cutter
served out his legislative session and never returned.
In 1843 the " New York Company of Comedians"
leased the upper story of Gaston's carriage-factory,
where the Bates House is now, fitted it up as a
258
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tlieatre, and gave concerts to cover some evasion of
the license law, and followed them with dramatic
performances, usually farces or comedies. The com-
pany was said at the time to be an unusually good
one. One of the earliest of the pioneers of the city,
Mr. R. Corbaley, was killed at this theatre one night
by walking ofiF the platform in front of the upper story
where the performances were given, where there was
no guard-rail. He fell to the pavement, some twelve
or fourteen feet, and died in a short time.
More conspicuous every way, both as a social and
dramatic event, than any incident so far related, was
the formation of the "Indianapolis Thespian Corps"
in 184U. It is hard to determine, at this distance
of time, whether the " corps" was an oflFshoot of the
first brass band, or the band was a suggestion of the
" corps." In any case they came very closely to-
gether, and some of the leading men in one were
equally prominent in the other, as Edward S. Tyler,
then a bookbinder, now a farmer in Perry township ;
James McCready, then a tailor, afterwards mayor,
and now an officer of the Indiana National Bank ;
James G. Jordan, then a law student, afterwards city
clerk and .secretary of the Bellefontaine Railroad Com-
pany, with 0. H. Smith as president — died in 1850.
Among the performers were other young men of the
city, unknown now, however, except as shadowy
memories, save William Wallace. The theatre was
a frame building on the northwest corner of Market
and Mississippi Streets, which had been erected for a
foundry the summer before and never used. There was
no floor, the sills were raised a foot from the ground on
blocks, — a sort of special providence for the boys who
wanted to " slip in," — and the seats were raised one
above the other from the north end at the stage to
the south end on Market Street. Dr. Mears had a
" hay press" west of it on the same lot to make baled
hay for flat-boat transportation down the river. The
stage was about fifteen feet wide by twenty feet long,
and was provided with better scenery, by the gener-
osity of Jacob Cox, than many a better theatre could
boast. Price of admission, a quarter, with frequent
compromises upon merchantable articles of equivalent
or approximate value, as silk handkerchiefs, cheap
breastpins, especially " log-cabin" pins manufactured
for the " log-cabin" Presidential campaign, rings, and
like articles.
The first performance was of Robert Dale Owen's
historical drama called " Pocahontas," accurate his-
torically, dreary histrionically. It was written in Mr.
Owen's youth, and forgotten by himself and every-
body else in his riper years and wider fame. But
the novelty of a play performed by our own boys in
their own theatre, with their own scenery and music,
made it " keep the stage," as the phrase goes, at
irregular intervals for a year, sometimes for the
benefit of charity, sometimes for diversion. Jame.s
G. Jordan played Capt. John Smith; James Mc-
Cready, Powliattan ; William Wallace, Pocahontas ;
Davis Miller, John T. Morrison, and James McVey
the minor parts. A year or two after the first
season of the •' corps," Mr. E. S. Tyler became a
member and " first comedy man." Then the per-
formances took on a little variety. The " Golden
Farmer" was produced, with Jordan as the Farmer,
McCready as Old Mob, and Tyler as Jimmy Twitch-
er. Mr. Tyler made a " hit" that in these days
would have made his fortune. The " Brigands' '
was also produced occasionally, Jordan as Massa-
roni, with the song of " Love's Ritornella." To-
wards the end of this season Mr. Nat. C. Cook, son
of John Cook, the first State librarian, who had
been playing subordinate parts at " Shire's Garden"
Theatre, Cincinnati, came here on a visit to his
parents, and, of course, was invited to appear with
the " corps." The piece was Home's " Douglas."
He played Young Nerval; Jordan, Glenalvon ;
Miller, Lady Douglas ; John Morrison, Lord Doug-
las. Cook did fairly, but Jordan was far better, and
was a " born actor, if there ever was one." The
farce of the " Two Gregories" ended the perform-
ance and the " corps." It went out in a blaze.
Both of Mr. Cook's younger brothers appeared
in it a few times. Aquilla, the elder of the two,
went to Cincinnati in 1844 or 1845, married a
dancer in " Shire's Garden," killed the treasurer,
Mr. Reeves, on her complaint that he had insulted
her, and was never heard of afterwards, except in a
letter to a Cincinnati paper boasting of the way he
fooled the police and escaped arrest for his crime.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
259
Following the final disappearance of the " Thespian
Corps," about the year 1844, there is nothing to
notice in dramatic affairs till after the completion of
Masonic Hall. Then an occasional dramatic per-
formance was given there and in other minor halls,
but they formed no feature of the city's life or
amusements. During the first State Fair, in the
fall of 1852, F. W. Robinson, better known as
" Yankee Robinson," set up a theatrical tent on the
corner where the " Park" (old " Metropolitan")
Theatre is now, and did so well with a very fair
traveling company that he came back the next fall
and opened in " Washington Hall," with Henry W.
Waugh, a young artist of rare promi.se as well as a
good actor, — he was clown in Robinson's circus
as " Dilly Fay," and, as a painter, assisted Mr.
Cox with his " Temperance Panorama" in 1855, —
for leading man, Sidney Wilkins and wife for the
" heavy business," and Charles Wilson and James F.
Lytton for Irish characters and songs. Mr. Lytton
made very popular here such songs as " Billy
O'Rourke," " Low-Backed Car," " Flaming 0'-
Flannigans," " Finnegan's Wake," and others.
Robinson was followed, in the spring of 1854, by
Wilkins and H. W. Brown and Mrs. Mehen, who
produced " Uncle Tom's Cabin" the first time in
the city. Mr. Calvin Elliott, in the summer and
fall of 1854, finished his building on the northwest
corner of Maryland and Meridian Streets, and made
a fine large room of the third story, which Robin-
son fitted up as a theatre and called the " Athe-
naeum," where, as Saxe says, those who dreaded the
name of " theatre" but still
*' Loved play.s,
Could religiously see 'em."
The first season of the " Athenaeum" was very
successful. The stock company was good, consisting
of R. J. Miller (afterwards known as " Yankee
Miller") and his wife, Mr. Bierce (known as " Yan-
kee Bierce"), F. A. Tannehill, George McWilliams
(Democratic candidate for Congress in the Covingtou
district in 1876, recently deceased), his sister Mary,
James F. Lytton, and H. W. Waugh. Somewhere
along in October Miss Susan Denin, a " star" of bet-
ter ability than social repute, appeared at the " Athe-
naeum" and made as much of a sensation as Sara
Bernhardt did twenty-six years later. She played in
Rev. Mr. Milman's " Fazio," Richard Lalor Shiel's
" Evadne,". Knowles' " Hunchback." and several
farces. The following year she and her sister Kate
came, and she played Romeo to Kate's Juliet. In that
same fall Maggie Mitchell appeared here first, and it
was her second engagement as a " star," or her agent
said so. She was not more than seventeen, thirty
years ago. Robinson's sea.son dosed April 14, 1855,
and then Mr. Austin H. Brown and John M. Com-
mons took the " Athenaeum" and brought here Harry
Chapman and Mrs. Drake, — they appeared later at
the " Metropolitan," — and in the very furnace-heat of
July brought out James E. Murdoch. He played
the Stranger to about twenty persons, who bore the
heat to see one of the first actors of the country.
The next night was worse, and he threw up the en-
gagement and never came back, except as a reader
and elocutionary performer during the war. Mr.
Commons, after Mr. Brown had retired in disgust,
kept up the place from the middle of September to
December, showing here for the first time Miss Eliza
Logan, Mr. Joseph Proctor and wife, I'eter and Caro-
line Richings (the latter sang the " Star-Spangled
Banner" in 1861, when the flag was hoisted on the
State-House by order of the Legislature), W. J.
Florence and wife. In 1856, William L. Woods
opened the place again, and produced the celebrated
low comedian, W. Davidge ; and later Mr. Lytton, as
manager, brought out Miss Logan and Mrs. Coleman
Pope (who afterwards made her home here and died
here). During the winter of 1856-57 the same
management produced John Drew, Charlotte Cramp-
ton, Dora Shaw, and others. In the summer of
1858 a German company played at the " Athenaeum,"
and during the winter the Germans kept up two
theatres, one at Washington Hall and one at Union
Hall. In April, 1858, Kate Denin and Sam Ryan,
her husband, opened Washington Hall, to no purpose,
and during the State Fair Harry Chapman and his
wife and mother-in-law, Mrs. Drake, with John K.
Mortimer, opened the " Athenaeum" for the last time.
I A gymnastic association, formed in 1854 and exer-
2S0
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
eised in " Blake's Block,' was removed in 1859, with
Simon Yandes as president and the late Thomas H.
Bowles as secretary, and the Athenaeum was occupied
by it for " calisthenic" operations as long as it was
used for any public purpose. It was at- last turned
into an eating-house. This is the whole history
worth noting of the early period of the drama in the
city when there were only temporary theatres, casual
seasons scattered all about the year, and companies
collected by luck, as often ill as good. It may be
added, to complete the sketch, that C. J. Smith
failed in a week in the " Athenasum" in March,
1857, and Maddocks and Wilson did the same in the
summer of 1856, but took longer, and Wilson and
I'ratt and Yankee Bierce followed in the same way
in the fall and winter of the same year.
The theatre was now to change its character from
the casual resource of a broken actor to a permanent
feature of city life and entertainment. In 1857, Mr.
Valentine Butsch, the owner of the lot on the north-
east corner of Washington and Tennessee Streets,
determined to build a theatre there. It had in early
years been a frequent location of circuses and men-
ageries, and was entitled by its history to this selec-
tion. In August, 1857, the corner-stone was laid,
and in the following year, in September, the building
was completed. It cost, with the lot, sixty thousand
dollars. The lower story, except a stairway of
twenty feet width, is occupied by business houses.
The two upper ones — built purposely — are high,
commodious, and well ventilated, and make, with the
gallery, an auditorium seating about fifteen hundred
persons. It was opened under the management of
E. T. Sherlock, Sept. 27, 1858, with "tableaux
vivants" by the " Keller" troop. During the sea-
son closing the last of February there appeared in
the new theatre, called the " Metropolitan," Mr.
Hackett, the eminent Shakespearian actor and per-
sonator of Fahtnff, the Florences, J. B. Roberts,
Mrs. J. W. Wallack, Mrs. Sinclair (the divorced wife
of Forrest, — an indiiferent actress), Adah Isaacs
Menken, Eliza Logan, Mr. and Mrs. Waller, Matilda
Heron, — fresh in her celebrity as a " realistic" actress,
— and the Cooper English Opera Troupe, and other
" stars" of less magnitude. It was not a paying
season, and to improve it the manager proposed to
give a benefit to the " Widows' and Orphans'
Society," as elsewhere related. The proffer was re-
jected solely on account of the immoral character of
the theatre, which made it improper for a moral asso-
ciation to take its money even for righteous uses.
Opinion changed in ten years, and cordially sustained
the same society in giving a series of dramatic per-
formances in the occasional theatre of Morrison's
Opera Hall. The performers were amateurs, but
the performances were no better morally, and very
little worse histrionically, than the plays usually seen
in the theatre.
Following Mr. Sherlock came Mr. George Wood
for a few nights, and Mr. John A. EUsler for two
months, reopening in the fall and winter. On the
25th of April, 1861, when volunteers were gathering
here in thousands for the war, Mr. Butsch took the
management himself, with Felix A. Vincent as stage
manager, and Miss Marion McCarthy — who subse-
quently became insane and died here — as " leading
lady." Mr. Vincent was succeeded in 1863 by Wil-
liam H. Riley, who remained till 1867, when he
went to New Orleans as manager of the " Saint
Charles," and died there within a month after his
arrival. The season of 1867-68 was managed by
Matt. V. Lingham, and that of 1868 by Charles
R. Pope. Joseph Jefferson, John E. Owens, and
Edwin Forrest appeared at the " Metropolitan" at
one time or another in this long interval, with nearly
all the distinguished actors of the country. On
the 25th of March, 1867, Madame Ristori appeared
there under the management of Mr. Grau. Mr.
Forrest played Virginius, Spartacus, Othello (Mr.
Pope as lago), Melamora. Subsequently he played
Lear and Jack Cade at the " Academy of Music."
The " Metropolitan" was a profitable enterprise,
and impelled Mr. Butsch, in 1868, to buy the un-
finished " Miller Block," southeast corner of Illi-
nois and Ohio Streets, for fifty thousand dollars, and
to finish it as one of the largest and finest thea-
tres in the West. Like the " Metropolitan," the
lower story was occupied by business houses. The
two upper stories made a large and convenient stage
and an auditorium for twenty-five hundred spectators.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
261
Mr. William H. Leake was manager. Here appeared
during this management Mr. Owens, Mr. Jefferson,
Mr. Leffingwell, Mrs. Lander, Mrs. Janauscheii:, Mr.
Toole, the celebrated English comedian, and others
less noted. In the fall of 1870, Mr. Leake was joined
by Mr. James Dickson, — now of the extensive the-
atrical management combination of " Brooks & Dick-
son,"— and they leased the Academy for some years.
The " Metropolitan," at this time, was " running"
as a sort of " variety" theatre, with Mr. Sargent, later
with Fred Thompson, and later and much longer with
Simon McCarty, till the late Mr. Dillard Eicketts
bought and repaired and improved it a few years
ago, when the Dickson Brothers leased it and hold
it yet under the name of the " Park Theatre." The
only conspicuous appearance at it in late years was
that of Mrs. Langtry's two nights early in 1883, first
as Rosalind, in " As You Like It," and as Juliana, in
Tobin's " Honeymoon," with no considerable success,
though not worse than older actresses have done on
the same stage. The " Academy of Music" changed
hands about 1875 or 1876, and Gen. Daniel Macauley
became manager. Messrs. Leake and Dickson then
began building the present "Grand Opera-House."
in the rear of the " Martindale Block," on the east
side of North Pennsylvania Street, with a wide pas-
sage through the " Block" to the auditorium. There
are two galleries here. Shortly after the opening of
the " Grand" the " Academy" was wholly destroyed
by fire, and when rebuilt was converted into business
rooms. Along about this time there were several
" variety" theatres maintained in halls and beer gar-
dens which do not need mention here. The " Zoo"
— contraction of " Zoological" — began as a sort of
stationary menagerie a half-dozen years ago with a
" variety" addition, but gradually dropped all of the
" zoological" features except the first two syllables of
the name combined into one, and became a very fair
show-place of that kind. Within two or three years
it has been greatly enlarged and improved both in
building and performances.
Some three years ago William H. English built
the " English Opera-House," in the rear of the fine
" quadrant" of buildings he is putting up in uniform
style on the northwest quarter of Circle Street, and ■•
has made it equal to any in the West in extent,
excellence of accommodations, safety in case of fire,
and amplitude of stage room. The management is in
the hands of William E. English, son of the propri-
etor. He has shown a striking aptitude for the busi-
ness, and has brought here Sarah Bernhardt in 1881,
Madame Gerster and Campanini in 1882, Adclina
Patti in 1882-83, with most of the leading actors of
the day, female and male, at one time or another. Oscar
Wilde lectured here. The management has been very
liberal in allowing its use for public purposes. State
conventions have been held in it, the High School grad-
uating exercises have been conducted in it, and the
" Art Loan Exhibition" very recently was given the
use of it.
There have been two or three little museums here,
one on east Washington Street by a Mrs. English, and
one on the corner of Georgia and Illinois Streets, in a
shed. Neither amounted to anything. Before " gar-
dens" as places of public resort had degenerated into
beer-swilling conveniences, there were two in the city
that deserve mention as places of public and decent
diversion. John Hodgkins opened the first in 1841,
in the orchard of George Smith's (first newspaper
man) place, northeast corner of Georgia and Tennes-
see Streets. He made arbors under and around the
fruit-trees, with graveled walks and fiower-beds, and
the first ice-house ever built for public u.se in the
town. In 1856-57 the " Apollo Garden" was opened
on Kentucky Avenue, on the point now occupied by
the " Cleaveland Block," once the garden of Mr. and
Mrs. Bolton's residence. This soon degenerated into
a low resort, and public "gardens" have ever since
been places of rather equivocal character when they
were not openly vicious.
Lectures. — -Until the fall and winter of 1855-56
there were no regular courses of lectures in the city.
In 1846-47 the " Union Literary Society," as related
in the general history, had a few lectures delivered in
churches by Rev. S. T. Gillett, Rev. Dr. Johnson, of
Christ Church, Godlove S. Orth, Henry Ward Beecher,
and one or two others, to considerable free audiences,
the expense being paid by contributions from old cit-
izens like Mr. McCarty, Mr. Fletcher, Mr. Sharpe,
Mr. Blake, Mr. Ray, Mr. Austin W. Morris, Mr.
262
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
James Sulgrove, and others; and in 1850-51, during
the Constitutional Convention, they obtained lectures
from a few of the members, Robert Dale Owen, John
B. Niles, of Laporte, Professor Daniel Read, of the
State University, among them. The last effort of the
old Society was in the fall of 1853, when they obtained
a lecture from Horace Greeley on " Henry Clay," in
Masonic Hall, on his return from the second annual
State Fair at Lafayette, where he had delivered the
address. In May, 1851, John B. Gough had been
here and delivered a series of three or four lectures on
temperance in Masonic Hall. On the 28th and 29th
of October, 1853, the ex-priest Gavazzi lectured on
the " Inquisition and Catholicism." In November
following Lucy Stone lectured three times in Masonic
Hall on Women's Rights, the right of suffrage being
le.<!S prominent in her consideration than the right of
employment and self-support. She wore the Bloomer
costume, plain and simple to the verge of ugliness,
while she was rather an attractive looking young lady.
The audience became a little impatient and began
" stamping" for her appearance before the advertised
time. She came out, looked at her watch, and rebuked
the audience for calling her out before the time.
" They had no right to do it," she said. Page Chap-
man, in the next Saturday's Chanticleer, called her
an "impertinent minx" for it. In October of 1855
a Women's Rights Convention was held in the Masonic
Hall, and addresses were made by Lucretia Mott,
Ernestine L. Rose, Frances D. Gage, Adaline Swift,
Harriet Cutler, and other distinguished advocates of
women's rights. At a later convention of the same
kind Miss Susan B. Anthony was present. Abby
Kelly and Joseph Barker, of Pittsburgh, were present
at the first one. Mrs. Livermore has lectured here
several times, as has Anna Dickinson. As early as
any of these lectures was one in Masonic Hall by Mr.
Whitney, on his hobby of building a railroad to the
Pacific by donations or sales of public lands. Though
little practical good followed his efi'orts directly, it is
probable that his well-informed demonstrations con-
tributed to the impulse that pushed the great trans-
continental enterprises more rapidly than they would
otherwise have been. These were all casual and scat-
tered eiForts. In 1855-56 there came in a system, a
little weakened in recent years but by no means worn
out.
The Young Men's Christian Association organized
on the 21st of March, 1854, and speedily made ar-
rangements to procure lecturers for regular courses
which they proposed to maintain. The first one in
the winter of 1855-56 brought here Park Benjamin,
Rev. Mr. Butler, of Wabash College, David Paul
Brown, the eminent Philadelphia lawyer, Edwin P.
Whipple, Henry B. Stanton, Bishop Simpson, Ed-
ward P. Thompson, Henry W. Ellsworth, son of the
old commissioner of patents, Henry L. Ellsworth,
minister to Sweden and Norway in Polk's term, then
from 1852 and till his death, or near it, a resident of
this city. The next year, 1856-57, the Young Men's
Christian Association and the Young Men's Literary
Association both held lecture-courses. The chief
lecturers were Rev. Theodore Parker, Rev. Henry
Ward Beecher, John B. Gough, Elihu Burritt (the
"Learned Blacksmith"), Samuel S. Cox, Thornton
A. Mills, of the Second Presbyterian Church here,
and George Sumner, brother of Charles. He lec-
tured once in Washington Hall, and so did Bayard
Taylor. In May, 1857, Edward Everett delivered
his " Mount Vernon" lecture in Masonic Hall, and
the season following Dudley A. Tyng, Horace Gree-
ley, Governor Boutwell, Rev. Henry Giles (a cripple
and noted lecturer) lectured in the regular course.
In the season of 1858 the chief lecturers were Dr.
J. G. Holland (the "Timothy Titcomb" of the
Springfield (Mass.) Republican ; later, the author of
" Miss Gilbert's Career," " Bitter Sweet," and other
works, and dying recently as editor of the Century),
Professor Youmans, Professor Maury, Benjamin F.
Taylor, Bayard Taylor, Thomas Francis Meagher.
On the ISth of May, 1859, the General Assembly
of the Old School Presbyterians met in the Third
Church, Illinois Street, and held daily sessions till
the 2d of June. Sermons and addresses were deliv-
ered by several of the distinguished clergymen pres-
ent in different churches of the city, while a debate
between Dr. McMaster, of New Albany, and Dr. N. L.
Rice (the antagonist in 1845 of the celebrated Alexan-
der Campbell in a debate at Lexington, Ky., where
Henry Clay was moderator) attracted a great deal of
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
263
attention among the citizens. Dr. Palmer, of New Or-
leans, Dr. Thornwell, of Charleston, S. C., and Dr. Alex-
ander, of Princeton, were conspicuous members, and
drew large miscellaneous audiences to their sermons.
In February, 1860, Lola Montez lectured in Masonic
Hall two or three times to not very large or enthu-
siastic audiences. Bayard Taylor and Henry J. Ray-
mond, of the New York Times, and Ralph Waldo
Emerson (on " Clubs or Conversation") also lectured
in the hall the same winter, and with them were Dr.
Robert J. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, George W. Win-
ship, the " strong man," and some others. During
the preceding February, George D. Prentice, of the
LouhviUe Journal, lectured in the hall, and Henry
S. Foote, ex-Governor and ex-United States Senator
of Mississippi, lectured in the basement of Roberts'
Chapel, but both spoke on their own account and in
no connection with a lecture association. Mr. Lin-
coln spoke in Masonic Hall on the 19th of Septem-
ber, 1859. Dr. Boynton delivered a series of lectures
on geology in December, 1859, and January, 1860.
In the fall of 1855 or 1856, Professor O. M. Mitchell,
the eminent astronomer of the Cincinnati Observatory,
delivered a series of ten or twelve lectures in Masonic
Hall under the auspices of some " literary associa-
tion." They were more closely attended than any
ever delivered here, and were worth more for in-
struction to those who heard them. They were re-
ported pretty fully in the Journal. This series is
set by itself in the sketch because it is quite apart
from the regular lecture-courses. During the war
the lecture system languished, and it has never been
revived in its original vigor, though a course which
proved quite successful was delivered during the past
season.
Concerts. — Except a rare concert by the pupils of
some music teacher, or a " nigger" minstrel troupe,
the public patronage and recognition of music never
shone conspicuously among the evidences of culture
in Indianapolis during the first thirty years of its
existence. How far such patronage as was extended
to the art proved it need not be discussed here. We
had brass bands pretty nearly continuously from 1840,
when the first one was formed, till the establishment
of the theatre here compelled the retention of skilled
musicians for orchestral service, and thus made handy
material for bands and for a better grade of musical
instruction than had been usual, but there had been
no public performance of the best music, the " classic"
order, till the fall of 1851. Then Madame Anna
Bishop and M. Bochsa gave a concert in Masonic
Hall that furnished the curious some idea of what
music was that was neither hymn nor ballad, jig nor
hornpipe. To some it was a revelation of pleasure of
a higher kind than had been customary, to others it
was unmeaning and even ludicrous. They saw no
music in it because there was no " tune" in it ; they
knew of no musical expression of sentiment but a
" tune," and what was not that was nothing. The
German immigration since that time has done more
than any other agency to familiarize intelligent people
with better music than " Leather Breeches" or " Hell
on the Wabash." Mrs. Bishop gave her audience a
notion of what opera was, and a good many had not
a clearer idea of it than they have of the cause of the
recent red sunsets. She sang the " Chi me Frena,"
from " Lucretia," in character. It served as an
indication to the shrewd auditor. Some additional
musical impulse may have been derived from a State
convention of brass bands held in the hall, under the
management of George B. Downie, leader of the
Indianapolis Band, when some thirteen were present
and competed for a prize banner awarded to the New
Albany Band. At the solicitation of the convention,
Mr. B. R. Sulgrove declared the award, and made an
address on the occasion. A second convention of
nine bands was held in the same place in November,
1853, under the management of Charles W. Cottom,
afterwards city editor of the Sentinel. The great
musical event of the period, however, was the
appearance in Masonic Hall of Ole Bull, Dec. 6,
1853. It was his first Western tour, and put the
intelligent part of the town in a musical fever that
has not been equaled since, even by the combination
of Kellogg, Gary, and Madame Rosa, or Gerster and
Campanini, or even by Patti, and she, then a little
girl of ten or twelve years, was in the performance
with her sister, Madame Strakosch, and sang " Comin'
Thro' the Rye" (a river, not a grain-field). On the
22d of January, 1856, the Hutchinsons sang here in
264
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the hall. Ole Bull returned in February, and in
November, Strakosch, Parodi, Tiberini, Morini, and
Paul Julien performed in the hall. On the 20th of
the same month, George F. Root had a State musical
convention assemble here. Music was getting " ac-
tive," as market reports say. In 1855 the " Black
Swan," Miss Greenfield, or some such name, sang at
the hall. May 2d, and came here again in 1868.
On December 10th, Parodi and the pair of Stra-
kosches gave a concert at the hall. On the 30th of
June, 1857, Dodworth's great New York baud,
numbering ninety members, gave an " open-air"
concert in the military grounds to an audience but
little larger than the band. This was under a con-
tract with a Cleveland manager named Stone. At
night they gave a concert for their own benefit, but
with no better result than in the day performance.
A few weeks before this Thalberg, Parodi, and Mol-
lenhauer gave a concert at the hall. Musical culture
was looking up. June 10 to 13, 1858, the Ger-
man singing societies of the State held a conven-
tion here, finishing with a procession and a concert,
both enthusiastically witnessed by a large attendance
of all nationalities of citizens. The first full operatic
performance was that of the " Bohemian Girl," by
the " Cooper English Opera Troupe," in the winter
of 1858-59, at the " Metropolitan."
Unsical Societies. — Before glancing at the musi-
cal associations and other indications of the musical
culture of the city now, it may be as well to look back
a moment at the associations which have been formed
here, served their occasion, and passed away. The
first was the " Handelian" Society of 1828, which
furnished the music for the celebration of the Fourth
of July that year. Who composed it and what be-
came of it are undiscoverable facts now. The next
of which any positive evidence exists, except the
choirs of churches, — and only the Episcopal in 1838,
the Catholic in 1841, and Mr. Beecher's about the
same time, had choirs, — was a society mainly com-
posed of those who had been members of Mr.
Beecher's choir, Mr. A. G. Willard (the leader),
John L. Ketcham, Alex. Davidson (son-in-law of
Governor Noble), Mrs. Dr. Ackley (daughter of Mr.
Baldwin, first president of Wabash College), Lawrence
M. Vance, and others. Professor P. R. Pearsall was
the teacher and instrumental performer. No man in
the city did so much as he to develop and difi'use a
better musical taste in the city. He died a few years
ago at the advanced age of eighty-six, as active,
cheerful, and social as most men of half his years.
Other societies came up and went down with no
result and no record. In 1863 '' The Musicale," a
society formed by Mr. J. A. Butterfield, a music pub-
lisher and dealer here, wholly of skilled musicians, per-
formed classic music only, and only in the houses of
the members, for a few years, making a public
appearance but once. In the summer of 18G4, Pro-
fessor Benjamin Owen formed a class in vocal music,
as Professor Sharpe had done ten years before, and
gave public concerts with them. It broke up about
1867. In September, 1867, the " Mendelssohn
Society" was formed, with Wm. H. Churchman as
president ; Gen. Daniel Macauley, vice-president ;
Charles P. Jacobs, secretary; Thomas N. Caulfield,
director. When Mr. Caulfield removed in 1868,
Professor Carl Bergstein was chosen leader. The
society is not now in existence.
The " Maennerchor," formed in 1854, is the
oldest and largest musical association in the city. It
is German, as its name indicates, but no good music
comes amiss to it. The first leaders were Mr. Long-
reich, Mr. Despa, Mr. Kantmau, Professor Weegman,
and Professor Bergstein. It directed the great
Saengerfest here in 1867, and again in 1883. The
net proceeds of the festival were given to the Grer-
man-English School, the Benevolent Society, and the
German Benevolent Society. Its hall is the former
City Hall on East Washington Street. Last summer
it gave a performance in the Grand Opera-House of
the opera of " Stradella" in so good a style that one
unacquainted with the company would have con-
cluded that it was a professional association of a very
fair grade. In 1869, in October, three German
musical societies were compounded by the influence
of Professor Bergstein, — the Liederkranz, Harmonie,
and Frohsinn. The union was at first temporary to
celebrate the Humboldt centennial. Afterwards it
was made permanent under the name of the " Har-
monic." Ladies were not admitted as members. Its
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
265
meetings were held twice a week in Marmont's
Hall, southwest corner of Georgia and Illinois Streets.
The " Liederkranz" and the " Harmonie" have
been reconstructed since the combination, and are
now in existence separately. The " Turn-Verein"
has a musical association in its membership. The
" Druid Maennerchor" was formed in 1868, exclu-
sively for members of that order, with Philip Reich-
wein for president, and August Mueller, director.
The " Choral Union" was formed about 1869, for
the general purpose of promoting musical taste and
culture, and performing occasionally the higher styles
of musical composition, both vocally and instru-
mentally. The first officers were M. R. Barnard,
president; Wm. C. Sinock, secretary; Professor J. S.
Black, director ; E. C. Mayhewand George B. Loomis,
leaders. Nothing has been heard of it recently, at
least since Professor Black and Mr. Barnard left the
city. The " Philharmonic Orchestra" was organized
about the same time as the preceding, with Dr. R. A.
Barnes as leader. The " Lyra" is an old and well-
established German musical society of large member-
ship and means, and has a fine hall in the building
which has replaced the old " Washington Hall,"
opposite Masonic Hall. It is rather a rival of the
Maennerchor. Benhams Musical Review was pub-
lished here for some half dozen years before 1870,
and for two or three years after that. In 1869, Mr.
A. G. Willard beg^n the publication of the Musical
Visitor here. Both have long been suspended.
Among the prominent musicians of the city, profes-
sional and amateur, have been Professor Pearsall, Mr.
A. G. Willard, Professor Bergstein, Professor Lizus,
Professor Ernestinoff, Professor Baker, Professor
Barus, Professor Beissenherz, Mr. Mueller, Mr. Vogt
(orchestra leaders the last three), Mr. Athlick Smith,
Mr. M. H. Spades and Mrs. Spades, Mrs. Leon
Bailey, Mr. and Mrs. Sam. Morrison, Mr. 0. W.
Williams, Mrs. E. W. Halford, Miss Mackenzie, Mrs.
John C. New, Mrs. Lynn, Mr. Ora Pearson, and
others not recalled at this moment.
The present management of the public musical
associations of the city is as follows : The " Lieder-
kranz" meets Wednesdays and Fridays, at Union
Hall. W. H. Scherer is president; Gustav Her-
mann, secretary ; Frederick Mack, treasurer. Ernst
EmestinofiF, musical director. The " Lyra" meets
Tuesday and Saturday evenings, at Lyra Hall. Ed.
Raschig is president; F. Mumneuhoff, secretary;
John Wocher, Jr., treasurer; Reinhold Miller, mu-
sical director. The " Maennerchor" meets Wedne.sday
and Friday evenings, at Maennerchor Hall (formerly
City Hall). C. E. Emerich is president; Fred. Merz,
secretary ; Carl Barus, musical director. The bands
of music are the " Indianapolis City Band," No. 268
East Washington Street, Reinhold Miller, manager,
B. Vogt, conductor ; "Union Band," No. 361 East
McCarty Street, Robert Dehne, leader ; " Beissen-
herz's Band," No. 400 North New Jersey, H. D.
Beissenherz, manager. The " Eureka," a colored
musical organization, is both vocal and instrumental.
Fine Arts. — Although the first State-House had
to seek an architect in New York, the new one and
the new court-house found home talent and taste suf-
ficient for all needs, and it would be hard to match
either with any public building of any period or cost.
There were good architects here, however, before
Isaac Hodgson and Edwin May. John Elder (father
of John R. Elder, of the Locomotive and Sentinel,
now a railroad manager in New Orleans) was one of
the earliest architects in the city. Not much was
needed of that order of skill, as houses were chiefly
frame, and whatever they were in material they were
sure to be the same square, plain structures, with
no more conception of ornament or variety, even of
paint, than a saw-log. In nothing, except music, is
the improvement of taste more noticeable than in the
houses now built for residence. The "goods-box"
order of architecture has disappeared. Houses have
fronts varied by porches, porticos, pillars, projections,
painting, ofi'sets, bay-windows, ornamental wood-work,
costing but very little more than the square, staring,
white family depositories of the last generation, but
with a suggestion of beauty wholly invisible in the
other. Door-frames are one color, the panels another,
windowsash and frames are varied, the main tone of
the house-color is different from either, fences and
gates are tinted diflFerently. Color is used largely to
produce variety, both in outside and inside work.
The man who would have put two colors in or on his
266
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
house thirty years a£;o would have been unanimously
suspected of meulal aberration. The consequence of
this taste, or want of it (partly the eflFect of enforced
economy, no doubt), was that one man was about as
competent an architect as another. There was no more
room for taste than in building a pig-pen or an ash-
hopper. Following Mr. Elder in this primitive era
was Mr. Colestock, and later Mr. Willis, who planned
the first Masonic Hall. Then came Mr. Tinsley, who
was concerned with the asylums and some of the bet-
ter business blocks. The architects now here can
hold their own with any in the country, as witness
the scores of fine residences in the North End, the i
painting, except that which devised the " rosebush"
for Carter's tavern or the " eagle" for Hawkins'. In
1831, however, a portrait-painter by the name of M.
G. Rogers came and took a room in Henderson's
tavern, and advertised his presence and pursuit. He
stayed but a few weeks, in the latter part of the
winter, with what advantage to himself or what
benefit to the artistic taste of the community nobody
will ever know. Very soon after him, in 1833, Mr.
Jacob Cox came here, with his brothers, and began
the tin- and copper-smith business, keeping it up
manfully for a score of years, but all the time feeling
an irrepressible longing for the pursuit of art. He
SUUTU SIDE i.iF WASUINGTON BETWEEN" rEKXSYLVANIA AND DELAWAIIE bTKEETS, Idls.
superb business blocks, the churches, and city school- , manifested it when a lad of a dozen years of age,
houses. This is not the place to specify them or \ and it grew with his growth, in spite of prudent
their peculiar merits, and this reference is all that can
be made without invidious suggestion. The business
houses of the times before the impulse of improve-
ment brought by the railroads had changed them
may be judged by the illustrations in this chapter.
parental repression, which sought a remedy in a dif-
ferent occupation. Excepting in a casual way, he
did not paint much till the campaign of 1840 made
a large demand for banners with appropriate party
symbols, — Whig symbols in his case, " the same old
Painting in the early days of the city was confined | coon" especiallyt — and these he painted with a decided
to portraits wholly, at least so far as remunerative I advantage of reputation and some money, which led
work was concerned. If landscape or " figure" work j him to pay more attention to his art and less to his
was attempted it was to indulge the artist's taste or I trade. He painted a good deal in the next two years,
ambition, not to fill an order from an esthetic patron, and made portraits of Senator Oliver H. Smith, Gov-
For the first ten years we have no account of any > ernor Bigger, Governor Wallace, and others, of such
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
267
striking accuracy of likeness and artistic effect that
they were quite the talk of the town at their appear-
ance. In 1842 lie went to Cincinnati and opened a
studio with John Dunn, son of a former State treas-
urer of Indiana, and remained five months, in that
time securing the patronage and high regard of
Miles Greenwood and other Cincinnatians, whose
approval and patronage were a good thing for any-
body to have. He returned here, kept his business
(with occasional intervals of painting) till about 1858,
when he left the shop for the studio altogether.
While the " Cincinnati Art Union" was in ex-
man Lieber had then recently opened his art estab-
lishment, and contributed largely to the success of
the society, which was mainly of his origination.
The pictures sent in by Mr. Cox, Peter Fishe Read,
James F. Gookins, and others were exhibited in his
picture-room, and the association given quarters there.
A number of citizens acquired excellent specimens
of home art during the existence of this society.
Since its extinction Mr. Cox has painted steadily
and with great variety of subjects and treatment,
and those who can judge say with steady improve-
ment, though now over the Scriptural limit of three-
SOUTH SIDE OF WASHINeTON BETWEEN MERIDIAN AND PENNSYLVANIA STREETS, 1848.
• r F I c : i i i i i B i I
n rill III! I I ri I 'I
i I I L I ■ ,1 t I 1 L n r J
i'f !IfI-
ill !i; iin\i\ It/
jfiyifiiiiH^titiinntTfe
HORTH SlDIi: Vf \VASI11^UTU> BI^TW*:E:s SiEkIuIajn aND rENNSTcLVaNIa oTRriETo,
istence Mr. Cox painted one or two pictures for each
annual exhibition, and they were all bought at good
prices. The " Union," however, was ahead of the
times, and went down afler a struggle of four or five
years, from 1848 to 1854, or thereabouts. During
this period he improved greatly in his landscape
work, and occasionally attempted " historical" or
" figure" pieces less successfully. He has done far
better in this way in his later years. In 1856 the
" Indianapolis Art Society" was formed for the pur-
pose of encouraging art by securing the sales of the
work of home artists, and accomplished a good deal
of its purpose in the few years that it lived. Her-
score and ten. He is the pioneer artist of Indian-
apolis and of the State, and easily the most eminent.
In his life and labors the art history of Indianapolis
is almost embodied. There was little outside of him
for twenty-five years after 1840. There were other
artists of talent and skill and good repute here at
times, but none have remained long enough to be
identified with the place. Mr. Whitridge, Mr.
Baton, Mr. Gookins, Mr. Read, Mr. Freeman, Mr.
Steele, Mr. Rowley, Mrs. GuflSn, and others went
away after a residence of a few months or a few
years. Mr. Cox has never changed. Several artists
of distinction here were his pupils, particularly Mrs.
268
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
GuflSn, Miss Julia Cox (his daughter, now Mrs.
White), and Henry W. Waugh.
About the time Mr. Cox began applying himself
wholly to his art, a young man about as ill dressed
as a man could be and appear on the street, came
here and lived for a time with Dr. Abner Pope. He
painted a portrait of the doctor that commanded
general admiration. He remained painting here for
a year or so, and then went to Cincinnati, where he
became one of the distinguished artists of the West.
He was Joseph 0. Eaton. He removed to New
York during the latter part of the war, or at its
close, and with him went William Miller, a little,
gifted, misshapen fellow who painted miniatures, and
for several years visited the city for a few months,
making his home with the late Dr. Mears and
keeping a studio in the " Sanders Block," West
Washington Street, near Meridian. At about the
same time a portrait painter by the name of Brown
had a studio in the same building for a year or two.
In 1842, — not far from the time of the arrival of
the other artists, — Mr. T. W. Whitridge came here
and remained longer, made a better impression, and
did more work than any artist who at that time had
been here, not excluding our own home artists.
He opened the first daguerrean gallery here in the
second story of the frame building still standing on
the corner of Washington Street and the alley on
the south side between Meridian and Illinois.
Some of his paintings are owned here still, and
some are kept by Mr. Beecher in his Brooklyn
house. This distinguished preacher was a warm
friend and frequent visitor of the artist. When Mr.
Whitridge left for New York, or possibly before.
Dr. Luke Muusell opened a gallery in the building
where the " Hubbard Block" stands. In 1845 this
gallery, or one in the same place, was conducted
by Peter McNaught. These were the first develop-
ments of an art which now produces here works
with no superior in any city in the country. For
a number of years after Mr. Whitridge left, Mr.
Cox had the field all to himself, but it was unhappily
hardly worth having.
James B. Dunlap, son of Dr. L. Dunlap, very early
manifested signs of artistic talent. He never culti-
vated it systematically, or he might have been one of
the prominent artists of the country. He was in Cali-
fornia for some years, and there made a bust of Capt.
Sutter, the noted Calfornia pioneer and owner of the
first "gold diggings," which was very widely noticed
and commended as a fine work of plastic art. He
returned to Indianapolis before the civil war broke
out, and did something in the way of portrait-paint-
ing, but he never accomplished anything at all equal
to his abilities.
Of late years, during the last decade, there has
been a notable increase of students of art and artists
working their way into a reputation and a comfort-
able living. Of these it would be invidious to speak
as of older artists or those who have gone away. It
remains to notice the " Art Loan pjxhibition," at the
English Opera-House, in December, 1883. This
was in a considerable measure the work of Miss
Ketcham, and it is likely to be but the beginning
of a long series of such exhibitions. An art school
has recently been advertised by Mrs. Sewall, secre-
tary of the association, to be held in the Old Ply-
mouth Church building, now a part of the '' English
Block," and taught partly by Mr. MacDonald, of
Chicago, and partly by Miss Ketcham, who, says
the notice, " will be present at the art rooms, and
will see that each student desiring to practice during
those days has an opportunity to do so without in-
terruption. During these days Miss Ketcham is
employed to give instruction in china painting to
special pupils in that branch. Lessons in china
painting will not be given on the last three days of
each week."
In the way of sculpture Indianapolis has done
little and promises little. One or two lady artists
have done some good modeling, but it is not said
that they will prosecute sculpture as a pursuit. The
limestone figures on the court-house are mere
" architectural, not artistic, sculptures," says the
I architect, and it is well. The statue of Franklin
on the " Franklin Insurance Company's" building
manifests a good deal of the native ability required
for sculpture, and the artist, a Mr. Mahoney, may
make a high reputation if he tries.
I Clabs. — -The literary societies of the last genera-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
269
tioD, in which the members debated the comparative
merits of Luther and Columbus, printing and steam,
or read essays, have become " clubs" in these latter
days, and rate themselves in a different order of
intellectual diversion and development from their
predecessors. They have a full right to. Though
the debating societies of the time, from 1835 to 1850,
sometimes contained full-grown men and solid brains,
they were generally made up of boys from fifteen to
twenty. The literary clubs of to-day contain some
of the best thinkers and best-informed men in the
State, and they do not meet to talk nonsense or waste
time ; that is, the better grade of clubs, both male
and female. It is impossible to say how many there
are, or what they are, there are so many hidden away
in corners and sections of the community concerning
themselves only with their own neighborhood. The
" Indianapolis Literary Club" of gentlemen is the
oldest, largest, and ablest, presumably, and the
" Ladies' Literary Club" is of the same quality of
the other sex. The " Meridian Club" is of the
English, or stereotyped class, social, possibly con-
vivial at times, and concerned more with the table
than the library. The club-house of the " Meridian"
is the residence built by the late W. H. Talbott, on
the southwest corner of Meridian and Ohio Streets.
It seems to be well sustained. There are, of course,
several political clubs in Presidential campaigns, but
they are temporary, and not of the character of the
clubs referred to here. The Scotch have a " Burns"
or " Caledonian Club," and a " Caledonian Quoiting
Club ;" there are several dancing clubs, and musical
clubs, and charitable clubs, and convivial clubs, and
possibly missionary clubs. The city bristles with
clubs like an army of Fijians or ancient Britons.
Hotels. — It is not certain that the first house
built in Indianapolis was not a tavern. John Mc-
Cormick's house was a tavern in 1820, and his has a
reasonable probability to sustain its claim of being the
first one. It stood on the river bank near the site of
the east end of the old National Road bridge. How
long he kept it as a place of entertainment for " man
and beast" no record shows. He was probably soon
crowded out by his later neighbors, Nowland, Carter,
and Hawkins. Of these early hotels, or " taverns,"
as they were always called, an account has been given
in the general history, but a word may be added as
to their later history. On the death of Mr. Nowland
in November, 1822, his widow, for many years as
well known as the Governor of the State, took
boarders and kept a boarding-house till within a
few years of her death, a period of full thirty years.
Her house for most of this period was on the south
side of Washington Street, on the site of the great
drug house of Browning & Sloan, and here, during
sessions of the Legislature, the genial landlady, who
was everybody's friend and had a friend in every-
body, was sure to hold a large patronage of members
and visitors. Though less pretentious than the
larger hotels, it was not less widely or favorably
known. Major Carter's first tavern, the " Rose-
bush," a two-story frame on the site of 40 West
Washington Street, was moved off after he left it
in 1823, and finally stopped on West Street near
Maryland. His two-story frame opposite the court-
house was burned during the first session of the
Legislature. The ground soon afterward was oc-
cupied by a row of two-story brick buildings, in one
of which ex-Governor Ray kept a hotel for some
years before his death. The " Eagle Tavern" of
John Hawkins, on the north side of Washington
Street, a half-square east of Meridian, was a double
log cabin in a wood so dense that the trees of which
it was built were cut upon the site it stood upon,
and at the time a person in the door could not see
another person on the other side of the street a half-
block away ; or, to measure by existing objects, a
person in front of the " Iron Block" could not see
another at the ea.st end of Yohn's Block. In 1826-27
it was replaced by a two story brick, long known as
the "Union Hotel," and long kept by Basil Brown,
the typical landlord of the time. John Hare, and
John Cain, and Mr. Jordan also kept it. In 1849
it was replaced by a four-story brick, opened by
John Cain, July 14, 1850, as the " Capital House."
He was succeeded by Lemuel Frazier, Daniel D.
Sloan, and others till the spring of 1857, when the
Sentinel, under J. J. Bingham, moved its entire es-
tablishment there and was terribly blown up the first
night by a defective boiler. Thus ends the history
270
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of the Hawkins tavern and its site in that direc-
tion.
Pretty nearly opposite, where the Glenn Block is
now, James Blake and Samuel Henderson built a
two-story frame tavern in the summer and fall of
1823, and opened it with a ball Jan. 12, 1824.
This was the " Washington Hall," then and for
thirty years the best-known hotel in Indiana. It
was the Whig headquarters, as the hotel opposite
■was the Democratic headquarters till the opening of
the Palmer House in 1841 changed them. In 1836
the frame was moved east to the next lot, and a
three-story brick with a basement and a recessed
portico with pillars, and with two rear two-story
buildings extending to the alley, was erected at a
cost of thirty thousand dollars by the " Washington
Hall Company," composed of Messrs. Yandes, Blake,
Henderson, McCarty, and others. It was opened by
Edmund Browning, then recently from Dayton, Ohio,
Nov. 16, 1837, and kept by him till 15th of March,
1851. He was succeeded by Henry Achey, Robert
Browning, Burgess & Townley, Gen. W. J. Elliott,
father of Judge Byron K. Elliott, of the Supreme
Bench, and he by Louis Eppinger. The house was
then bought by the Glenns and remodeled into the
present block. In the winter of 1843 the most de-
structive fire which had then ever occurred in the
town took place here. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher dis-
tinguished himself in the labor of extinguishing it.
In 1840-41, Nathan B. Palmer, then State Treas-
urer, built a two-story brick, with a wooden story on
top of it, on the southeast corner of Illinois and
Washington Streets, which was opened in the sum-
mer of 1841 by John C. Parker, of Charleston,
Clarke Co., Ind., under the name of the " Palmer
House." In 1856 the lessee, Dr. Barbour, made a
four-story brick of it, and extended it southward to
the alley. Besides Jlr. Parker and Dr. Barbour, the
Palmer House has been kept by J. D. Carmichael,
Dennis Tuttle, Charles W. Hall, and B. Mason. Some
years ago it was rearranged and improved, and the
name was changed to the " Occidental," under which
it has been regarded as one of the best houses in the
city.
In 1834, John Little opened a two-story frame
tavern, called from its sign the " Sun" tavern, on the
southeast corner of Washington and New Jersey
Streets, commanding a large patronage of horseback-
travelers, who constituted a large portion of all the
travelers of those days. A three-story L was added
in 1847 by his sons, Matthew and Ingraham, and
four years later the original building was moved over
to the northeast corner of Washington and East
Streets, and was replaced by a three-story brick.
The old building was kept as a hotel for some years,
and then it and the grounds were turned into a beer
garden. The " Little House" has retained its name,
though like the others it has frequently changed
landlords. It has been the " Little House," or " Lit-
tle's Hotel," for fifty years.
In anticipation of the completion of the Madison
Railroad, Robert B. Duncan built a three-story brick
on the southeast corner of South and Delaware
Streets which was called the " Duncan House" at
first, and did a fir.st-rate hotel business till the rivalry
of other roads damaged the Madison, and then the
hotel became a boarding-house, as it is yet. The
name was changed to the " Barker House" while
T. D. and D. J. Barker had it, and to the "Ray
House" when Martin M. Ray, brother of Governor
Ray, took it. Senator Harrison made his first con-
spicuous step forward in his profession by prose-
cuting and convicting the colored cook at this house
of poisoning one of the inmates with arsenic which
he put in the coffee or some other article of food.
The " Carlisle House" was a large three-story frame,
built by Daniel Carlisle in 1848, on West Wash-
ington Street, south side, at the intersection of Cali-
fornia. It was more pretentious than successful,
fell off to a second-rate boarding-house and then to
a saloon, and was then changed to a brewery by J.
P. Meikel, and is now a very dilapitated structure
occupied by a variety of tenants apparently. In
1852-53, while the building of the Union tracks
and depot was under discussion and in progress.
Gen. T. A. Morris built a three-story brick hotel,
subsequently made four stories, on the north side of
Louisiana Street, opposite the Union Depot. It was
called the " Morris House." Some years later it
was joined to the building on the east directly and
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
271
to a buildina; west of the adjoining alley by arching
over the alley, and called the " American House,"
kept by Gen. Elliott. It was the " Mason House"
a while, and kept by Ben. Mason. When Thomas
B. McCarty bought it of Gen. Morris, some ten or a
dozen years ago, the name was changed to the " Sher-
man House," which it still bears.
In 1852-53, Hervey Bates built the " Bates
House," on the northwest corner of Washington
and Illinois Streets. It was opened by D. D. Sloan
in 1853. He was succeeded by Curtis Judson, lately
and for many years of the " Gramercy Park
House," New York, and by John Woolley and his
partner, Mr. Ingoldsby. It has also been kept by
William Judson, Bradford Miller, and others, but
always under the same name, further than Mr. Miller
made it " Hotel Bates" instead of plain " Bates
House," a little bit of aifectation that did' no harm.
It has been enlarged to double its original size and
greatly improved by the son of Mr. Bates, who suc-
ceeded to the property by inheritance and has recently
sold it to Mr. E. F. Claypool for one hundred and
sixty thousand dollars. In 1856-57, Francis Cos-
tigan, the architect of the post-office and Odd-Fel-
lows' Hall, built the " Oriental House," on the east
side of South Illinois Street, at the alley south of
Maryland. It was opened in June, 1857. It is
now the south end of the Grand Hotel. The Tre-
mont House, now the Spencer, was built in 1857
at the corner of Illinois Street and the Union tracks.
It is a four-story brick, and has been enlarged and
greatly improved since its original erection. It was
opened by J. W. Canan, and has been kept by M.
Harth and Henry Guetig since. In 1856, Henry
Buehrig ('' Lieber Bruder") built the Farmers',
afterwards the Commercial Hotel, northeast corner
of Illinois and Georgia Streets. Mr. Reitz raised it
from a three- to a four-story building when he
changed the name. It is now a part of the Na-
tional Surgical Institute, controlled by Dr. H. R.
Allan and Dr. Wm. Johnson. The Macy House,
southeast corner of Illinois and Market Streets, was
built by David Macy in 1857. It was quite a popu-
lar hotel for a time, but is now a boarding-house,
with the name of the St. Cloud Hotel. The St.
Charles is a hotel on the European plan on the west
side of Illinois Street, next block north of the Bates
House. It was built by T. F. Ryan and E. S.
Alvord and others in 1870.
In or near the year 1870 the first work was done on
the hotel now called the " Denison House," then a
joint-stock enterprise in which a number of leading
citizens were interested. The work was not vigorously
pushed and the property fell into the hands of Harry
Sheets, representing the heirs of the late William
Sheets, who owned the larger part of the site. When
sold on foreclosure he bid it in, an incomplete four-
story brick, covering the greater part of an acre of
ground. It remained in this unfinished condition till
the great fire of 1874 seriously damaged it. A few
years later John C. New and Mr. Denison bought the
unfinished, partially burned new ruin and finished it
in a better style than was contemplated by its pro-
jectors, and it was opened as the " New-Denison
House," under the management of H. B. Sherman,
in January, 1880. A few years later than the New-
Denison in starting, but much sooner finished, was the
"Grand Hotel." Mr. Schnull built up the corner of
Illinois and Maryland Streets, formerly occupied by
the residence of Dr. G. W. Stipp, used as the first
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, with a large and handsome
five-story hotel, to which he joined the " Oriental
House" and all the intermediate buildings, improving
them into some uniformity of style and convenience.
This was opened as the " Grand Hotel" in 1876.
The " Weddell House" occupies the upper stories of
the block on the east side of Illinois Street between
Louisiana and Georgia. It has been opened within
the last two or three years. In 1875, Mr. A. C. Remy,
a member of the county board that finished building
the new court-house, tore out the old Wesley Chapel
parsonage, on the southwest "quadrant" of Circle
Street, and erected one of the finest hotel structures
in the city, though smaller than several, and opened
in 1876. with Mr. Sapp, now of the " New-Denison,"
as landlord. In May, 1879, Mr. Remy sold the house
to the present proprietor, Mr. David Nicholson, the
contractor with his partner, Adam Scott, for the stone
work of the new court-house. He is still the owner.
In August, 1879, Mrs. Rhodius, who had for twenty
272
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
years kept the " Circle Restaurant," on North Meri-
dian Street, finished the " Circle House," on Circle
Street, and opened it as a first-class hotel. She still
retains its management. It is on the southeast " quad-
rant" of the " Circle." On the northwest " quadrant,"
inclosing the " English Opera House," is one of the
finest buildings in the West, erected within the last
five years by Mr. W. H. English. It occupies a little
more than half of that " quadrant," and will ultimately
cover it all. It is to be opened as a first-class hotel
in February, 1884. The " California," on South Illi-
nois Street, was opened some ten years ago. There
are a number of other hotels in the city, but these
are the oldest or largest, and best known. The Di-
rectory reports forty-nine.
Restaurants. — The first restaurant of any con-
siderable pretension was kept by a half-blood by the
name of John Crowder, somewhere about the time
that the first theatre made its appearance in Ollaman's
wagon-shop, in 1838 or thereabouts. It was at the
height of its reputation while located in one of the
rooms of Blackford's row of one-story frames, where
the present palatial Blackford's Block stands. Here
he was succeeded in two or three years by John
Hodgkins. an Englishman, who kept a confectionery
establishment with it, and made his own candies, the
first of that class of manufactures in the place. He
also built, or dug, the first ice-house to store ice for
sale, as well as the manufacture of cream. It was at
the corner of the two alleys where the rear of St.
John's Cathedral stands, and the remainder of the
quarter of a square, or one acre, which had formerly
been the residence of George Smith, the first news-
paper founder, was covered with an orchard which
was filled up with seats and arbors, and graveled
walks and flower-beds, and made the first pleasure-
garden in the city, as has been elsewhere related. It
was not till the completion of the Madison Railroad,
however, that eating-houses became a permanent
feature of business, and even then it required the
impulse of the war to give them the importance
they have since attained. Now there are over forty,
chiefly located in the vicinity of the Union Depot
and along Illinois Street.
The first oysters were brought here by the late
James Blake, it is said, but for years only the
" pickled" could bear transportation even in winter.
The pioneers did not take kindly to the luxury. Its
looks were against it, and the oyster was sneeringly
compared to a nasal excretion. But settlers from the
East gradually brought it into general favor, and by
the time the railroads could bring it in good condi-
tion in the legitimate months (with an " r" in the
name) it was a general favorite. The tomato, or
" love-apple," as it was called, was not considered fit
for anything but hog feed for the first twenty years
or so of the settlement. It was grown as an orna-
ment or curiosity, but as an edible was not ranked
even so high as the " ground cherry," which was
rather popular with children, and not nearly so high
as the " May-apple." Celery was unknown till
oysters had become an established addition to the
primitive bill of fare. The pheasant, once a common
game bird in the woods, disappeared as the oyster
advanced in favor, and now is never seen near the
city, and rarely anywhere in the county. The quail,
however, has been preserved in considerable abund-
ance by the game laws, as has the " prairie chicken,"
or grouse.
Fish, especially game fish, — the " bass" and " red-
eye" chiefly, — were nearly swept away by reckless
processes, like seining and trapping, till a statute
enacted some fifteen years or so ago checked the evil,
and succeeding amendments, coupled with systematic,
though not yet extensive, efl'orts at replacing them,
have begun to restore something of the former better
condition of our streams. Pork-houses and manufac-
tories have driven off the good fish from the vicinity
of the city, and few are left but the scavengers of
the river, " cats" and " suckers." A few miles away,
though, up or down the river, the fishing is some-
times pretty good. In early times all the streams
were full of fish, including the game fish we now
have, and the pike, salmon occasionally, and " buf-
falo" frequently, which are now rarely seen. The
abundance of game and fish in the New Purchase
was doubtless the reason the Indians held to it so
tenaciously, and retained possession even after they
had sold it by treaty. At this time the offal of pork-
houses makes a profusion of food for the poorer vari-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
273
eties of fish, and in the season — at almost any season
when there is no ice — fishermen crowd the banks of
the river, from the water-works to the lower Bell
Road bridge, to catch the " cat" and " sucker." They
are coarse, but wholesome, and save many a dollar to
the poor, who have more time than money, and always
appetite enough for what is not bad eating for any-
body. The bulk of all the fish food consumed here,
however, both in restaurants and families, comes from
the lakes, with occasional considerable additions from
the sea-board. Fresh codfish were brought here on
ice before the war, and so were shell-oysters, but not
in any considerable quantities. The latter are now
one of the constant imports from the East, and, with
lobsters and other food of salt-water cultivation, form
a large item of the city's business. The oldest res-
taurant in continuous existence is the Crystal Palace,
established first about 1858 by Edwin Beck, and,
after several changes since his death, is now in the
hands of his brother-in-law, Ferdinand Christman.
The others are all of the post-war period. The
Women's Christian Temperance Union keeps one of
the best dining-halls in the city, and uses the profits
for benevolent purposes.
The visits of Vice-President R. M. Johnson, in
1840, and ex- President Van Buren and Mr. Clay, in
1842, have been referred to in the general history.
There are a few others of historical interest that may
be noticed here as appropriately as anywhere. On
the 28th of May, 1850, while the Union was under-
going the periodical process of being " saved" by
concessions to slavery, Governor Wright, who was
an ardent " Union saver," invited Governor John J.
Crittenden, of Kentucky, to make an official visit
here in the interest of Union. He did so, and was
hospitably received, regaled with Union speeches and
resolutions in the State-House yard, and made a fine
speech himself. On the 20th of December, 1851,
the Legislature invited the Hungarian patriot and
exile, Kossuth, to visit the city, and a public meeting
of citizens appointed a committee of fifty to receive
and take care of him and his rather extensive and
troublesome suite. They met him at Cincinnati on the
26th of February, 1852, accompanied him here by
way of Madison, arriving about noon at the Madison
18
Railroad Depot on South Street in one of the largest
crowds ever seen here. The boys pressed upon some
of his suite, and were treated with a harshness that
made those who saw it detest them heartily. A pro-
cession marched to the State-House yard, where Kos-
suth spoke for more than an hour, reading a speech
he had written on the cars as he came up, it was said
at the time. The party were provided for at the
" Capital House" at the State's expense, and they
made it pretty expensive by a liberal use of wines
and liquors, so said current report. At night a recep-
tion was held at the Governor's residence, and a good
deal of money given the exile by admiring Hoosiers.
His " bonds" were kept as curiosities by some of the
donors. The next day (Saturday) he was received
by the two houses of the Legislature, and met dele-
gations of sympathizers, — there was no one in the
State who was not a sympathizer with Hungary, — and
took in a considerable amount of contributions, in all
about one thousand dollars. He attended church at
Roberts' Chapel on Sunday morning and some of the
Sunday-schools in the afternoon. On Monday he re-
ceived more delegations and money, and delivered an
address in Masonic Hall to the " friends of Hungary."
He left on Tuesday, making one marked and prominent
change of fashion here. The " Kossuth" soft felt hat
became the general male wear, instead of the stiff, ugly
plug, and it has remained so ever since.
Two or three years later Governor Powell, of
Kentucky paid Governor Wright an official visit, ac-
companied by some of the other State officers, by
Mr. Hodges, editor of the Whig State organ, the
Frankfort Commonwealth, and by Capt. John Rus-
sell, a brother of Col. A. W. Russell, and noted all
over the West as the strongest man of his day. He
was said, when a boy of twenty, to have knocked
down Lafitte, the noted pirate of the Gulf, and to
have had in his prime the strength of four ordinary
men. He was the father of Mr. W. H. Russell, of
this city. In 1859, on the 5th of May, Richard Cob-
den, the celebrated English " anti-corn law" leader and
free-trade statesman, was in the city a few hours. Mr.
Lincoln was here twice before his death. He spoke
in Masonic Hall on the 19th of September, 1859, and
from the balcony of the Bates House on the afternoon
274
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of the 12th of February, 1861, while on his way to
his inauguration. In this speech he first developed
the course he proposed to take with the seceded States.
When it was learned that his body would be brought
through the city on the way to Springfield, 111., the
city authorities and citizens made extensive and ap-
propriate preparations to receive it. A superb funeral
arch was erected at the State-House gate, and a plat-
form prepared for the corpise in the lower hall, in the
rotunda. There was a parade of military and citizens
on the 30th of April when the funeral train arrived
here, but greatly reduced from what it would have
been by the rainy, dismal weather.
CHAPTER XII.
CITY OF IXDI.AXAPOLIS— (foMfoiiierf.)
MEDICAL PBACTICE AND PKACTITIONERS.
The early doctors of the New Purchase were all of
the old school of heroic treatment. Disease to them
was an enemy intrenched in certain functions, and
had to be driven out, and the more incessant the
attack and profuse the ammunition the sooner the
siege would be over. They maintained the system of
Molifere's doctors, " saignare, purgare, et clysterizare"
with little change, and like them knew no resource
when their first processes failed but " re-saignare, re-
purgare, et re-cly.sterizare." Happily, they had to
deal with patients of simple lives and temperate
habits, with constitutions solidly built and functions
undisturbed by luxuries and unstrained by excesses,
and capable of resisting both the disease and the
remedy. Calomel and the lancet, the " purgare"
and " saignare," were the invariable remedies for every
disorder. There were few residents in White River
Valley who had not suffered under the doctor's in-
junction, with a half teaspoonful of calomel, " Now,
you mustn't drink any cold water or vinegar, or eat
anything sour ; if you get very dry drop some clean
live coals in a tin of water and warm it a little, and
drink that." There were plenty of mutilated mouths,
loosened teeth, and shriveled gums, and sometimes
decayed jawbones and ulcerated cheeks, to warn
patients of the perils of " salivation" and of dis-
obedience of the doctor's orders. And there were
few who could not show a little scar in the inside of
the elbow where a lancet had cut the visible vein
there. Quinine for malarial complaints was unknown.
Pelletier discovered it about the time that the Poguea
and McCormicks discovered the site of Indianapolis,
and its use did not get West for a score of years or
near it. In its stead the crude bark was used with
wine.
All this is changed now, and has long been changing.
The doctor of to-day, whatever his school, depends
less on drugs and more on natural agencies that
renovate the system rather than resist disorders of
its parts. He maintains artificial conditions and uses
artificial remedies as little as possible. Air, water,
suitable diet, comfortable temperature are his " phar-
macopoeia," with a good nurse to administer its doses.
Ice and pure water are harmless agencies, but more
powerful and more used than all the bitter drugs dug
out of the tropics. So while increasing wealth and
luxury increase the complications of diseases, the
doctor increases the efiSciency of his remedies by
simplifying them. He does not use so many nor so
much of any. He does not carry a small drug-store
in his " pill-bags," and fill his own prescriptions now
as he used to do. A little pocket-case not larger
than a tobacco-box serves to store all his artificial
remedies in. In no other profession or pursuit is
there so marked a contrast between earlier and later
conditions. The middle-aged man of to-day can
remember the doctor and his " pill-bags" with more
distinctness, probably, than any other character of
his childhood. The disturbance always, the distress
often, into which he came, quiet, unrufiled, smiling
to the children, shaking hands with the " old folks,"
with his " pill-bags" slung over his left arm, made a
figure set in a scene not easily effaced from the
tenacious memory of childhood. Associations are
different now. The ueat buggy, the boy to wait and
watch the horse, the little pocket-case of occasional
medicines, the dry pikes, the comfortable " lap-robe"
of to-day were undreamed developments of the pro-
fession, as the old sung of those days said, " when
this old hat was new." A five-mile horseback ride
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
276
on a bitter night, with no protection but an overcoat
and a pair of " leggings," over roads roughened with
" crossways" or frozen into lumps and ruts, or sloppy
with thawing mud, was a rather different experience
from that which to-day takes a drive on a longer
journey in half of the time, with less of the exposure
and none of the obstacles of the road. But the
faithful doctor of to-day, with all his conveniences,
has a harder life than any other professional or busi-
ness man.
There were no doctors in Indianapolis in the first
year of the settlement (a misprint on page 29, in the
list of early settlers, makes Dr. Coe a settler in the
spring of 1820 instead of 1821), and there appears
to have been no need of them. So it looks like a
providential arrangement that in the following six
months no less than five competent young doctors
should come to make their homes here just in time
for the malarial epidemic that prostrated the entire
settlement in the summer of 1821. Dr. Samuel G.
Mitchell came first, in April, 1821, from Paris, Ky.
He built a log house on the site of the present
State buildings, and soon afterwards built a frame
house on the northwest corner of Washington and
Meridian Streets, where Henry Porter, a well-known
early merchant and son-in-law of the doctor, long
had his store-room. He was a brother-in-law of
Samuel Henderson, the first postmaster and first
president of the Town Council, and first mayor. He
died of paralysis, among friends in Ohio, in 1837.
His oiSce for some years was a little one-story frame
on the south side of Washington Street, where Charles
Mayer, in 1840, opened his grocery- and gingercake-
store, and where his present palatial building stands.
Dr. Sanders also occupied it for a term.
Dr. Isaac Coe came here first in May, 1821, from
New Jersey, and, wisely or luckily, came liberally pro-
vided with the remedies that were soon to be specially
needed. Mr. Nowland's sketch of him says he was
" provided with a large supply of Peruvian bark and
wine," and if it had not been for his services and
remedies the mortality of the epidemic would have
been worse than it was. His prominence in the
growth of the city is referred to in the general his-
tory. In this connection it may be noticed that he
was one of the three " fund commissioners" — Caleb
B. Smith and Samuel Hanna, of Fort Wayne, and
afterwards Milton Stapp, of Madison, were the others
— to settle the State's claims on her debtors, and
to dispose of the assets she got, as the " Georgia
Lands," the " Brooklyn Water Lots," the " Soap
Factory," which figured largely in the political diatribes
of the State contest in 1843, and the legislative
sessions preceding. During this time, from 1837 or
1838 to 1841 or thereabouts, a radical change came
upon Dr. Coe's professional convictions. He became
indoctrinated with the views of Dr. Hahnemann,
unknown in England ten years before, and introduced
by Dr. Gram in New York but two years earlier.
In his past practice he had been distinguished for
" heroic" treatment. He gave more doses and bigger
ones than anybody else. Mr. Nowland has preserved
a satirical couplet suggested by this practice to the
doctor's rival. Dr. Jonathan Cool, —
" Oh, Dr. Coe, oh, Dr. Coe,
What makes you dose your patients so ?"
The doctor acted on his convictions, and thus
became the first homoeopathist in the city and the
New Purchase.
Dr. Jonathan Cool came during the " sickly season"
of 1821, when Dr. Coe was the only one left of four
who could attend to patients. He was a graduate of
Princeton, a New Jersey man, and a classmate of the
distinguished jurist and judge of the Supreme Court,
Isaac Blackford. He had been a surgeon in the
United States army before coming to Indianapolis,
and stationed at Newport barracks, Kentucky. He
was too far gone in dissipation, says Mr. Nowland, to
practice his profession with any success after he came
here, and lived with iind upon his mother on a farm
three miles northeast of the town ; but there were
occasional stories current forty years ago or so of his
sugo-esting remedies and effecting cures, in his better
condition, that other doctors had given up as hope-
less. He died about 1840, the earliest and saddest
example in the city's history of fine native abilities
and fine attainments ruined by liquor. Shortly be-
fore Dr. Cool came Dr. Kenneth Scudder, who
opened the first drug-store in 1821 (a misprint on
276
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
page 29 makes him a settler in 1820, instead of
1821). So little is said of him or remembered of
him that all that can now be safely accepted is that
he was one of the doctors in the great epidemic of
1821.
Dr. Livingston Dunlap came here from Cherry
Valley, N. Y., in midsummer, 1821. In a few days
after his arrival, while making his home with Dr.
Mitchell, in the cabin where the State buildings are,
he and Dr. Mitchell and all the latter's family were
attacked, and Mr. Matthias Nowland, to relieve the
distress, carried Dr. Dunlap home with him on his
back. Dr. Dunlap was the best-known physician of
the city of the early settlers. He was physician to
the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, a commissioner of the
Insane Asylum, a member of the City Council for
several years, and founder of the City Hospital. He
died in 1862.
Before Dr. Coe introduced the homoeopathic treat-
ment here, Dr. Abner Pope came from Baltimore —
originally from Massachusetts — in the spring of 1836,
with the Thomsonian system, popularly called the
" steam" system. It had been practiced a little by
vagrant doctors, but Dr. Pope was the first settled
adherent of that school. He continued in it while
he continued in the profession, a dozen or fifteen
years, and at the same time kept a store espe-
cially provided with vegetable remedies, as "prickly
ash," "lobelia," " pocoon ' or blood-root, "cohosh,"
" May-apple root," and scores of others, with such
preparations as " number six," — liquid flames, — ■
"bread of heaven," a dark-hued putty as of hot ashes,
nevertheless pleasantly flavored, and similar stimu-
lating remedies, in connection with a miscellaneous
stock of goods such as was generally held by the
merchants of that time. He, and some years later
Dr. Brickett, who had been employed in the Yandes
and Sheets paper-mill, were the best-known prac-
titioners of this school. Contemporaneously with
them, or nearly so, was Dr. J. F. Merrill, technically
a " Uroscopean" of the school of Burns' " Dr. Horn-
book ;" also an " Indian doctor," as he described him-
self, decorated with the nominal profusion of " Wil-
liam Kelly Frosvhawk Fryer." He dealt in Indian
baths and remedies, and sold Indian nostrums that
no Indian ever heard of unless the doctor told him.
These were the earliest instances of heterodox prac-
tice of which any account or memory is preserved.
In the spring of 1823 the Indiana Central Medical
Society was formed to license physicians to practice,
the law at that time requiring such evidences of
competency. It continued in existence a good many
years, but nobody knows how long. The first presi-
dent was Dr. Mitchell, and the first secretary Dr.
Dunlap. Since then there has been no considerable
lapse of time without a medical association of some
kind, and in later years several. The " Indianapolis
Medical Association," a sort of social and professional
society or club, was maintained for diversion as much
as instruction for several years prior to 1863, and
probably formed the connecting link between the
pioneer society of 1823 and the associations of larger
scope and power of to-day. In 1864 it was super-
seded by, or combined with, a more compact and
efiective body, the " Marion County Association,"
and the two were formed a little later into the " In-
dianapolis Academy of Medicine," incorporated in
October, 1865. This body has proved to be what
its predecessors were meant to be, an auxiliary influ-
ence in promoting the study of medicine and its
related sciences, and in supporting the character of
the profession. Weekly meetings are held, essays
on professional subjects prepared, and discussions of
points thus or otherwise suggested carried on, with
obvious good results to all concerned. Among the
immediate successors of the pioneer doctors, if not of
them, were a number better known than any of the
earlier arrivals except Dr. Dunlap. Among these
were Dr. John E. McClure, Dr. Wm. Tichnor, Dr.
John H. Sanders, Dr. John L. Mothershead, Dr. G.
W. Mears, Dr. John S. Bobbs, Dr. Charles Parry,
all of whom came in the decade between 1828 and
1838. ■
Charles Parry, M.D., was bom in February,
1814, a few miles from Philadelphia. His parents
were Friends. His literary education was received
mainly at Wilmington, Del., in a school under the
charge of Samuel Smith. This gentleman was fa-
mous for his devotion to tobacco and mathematics.
He was an inveterate and constant smoker, and one
t^/^: ^.
^^^^^■7-
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
277
of the most successful mathematical instructors.
The smoking example was lost on Charles Parry.
He never became a slave to tobacco in any form ;
but the mathematical instruction found a mind that
was well developed and strengthened under its rigid
discipline, and this part of his education — cultivat-
ing his perceptive and reasoning powers, teaching
him accuracy and clearness of thought — had much
to do with making him in after-years a clear-headed,
sagacious practitioner above the majority of physi-
cians. No network of fallacies and sophistries could
entangle him, but through them all he marched de-
liberately and steadily right onward to rest upon
solid truth and fixed facts.
His classical education was defective, and knowl-
edge of Greek and Latin he had none. This he
greatly regretted, and had there not been this defect
he would not only have enjoyed a wider range of
medical literature than he did, but he himself would
have been a frequent contributor to medical journals,
and the treasures of his experience, the fruit of his
ripened judgment and large understanding, would
have been valuable indeed. Twice only, each time
in Hays' Journal, did he break his life-long silence
by speaking to the profession through the press ; but
those two articles, — one an account of an operation
on a limb crooked and useless from a badly-treated
fracture, the operation similar to that performed by
Barton for anchylosed knee, and the other on conges-
tive fever, — though published many years ago, gave
him a name ever known by all intelligent members
of the profession throughout the country.
He began the study of medicine with Dr. Stokes,
of New Jersey. Afterward he went to Philadelphia,
entered the oiBce of the late Dr. J. K. Mitchell, sub-
sequently the eminent professor of theory and prac-
tice in Jefferson College, and commenced attending
lectures at the University. He graduated in the
medical department of the University of Pennsylva-
nia in the spring of 1835, the subject of his thesis
being " Haemoptysis." Immediately upon graduat-
ing he went to Camden, N. J., and there had his
first experience of the trials of a young physician.
In a year or two he removed to the West by the
advice of his uncle, the late Hon. O. H. Smith, then
a member of the United States Senate from Indiana,
settling in Connersville. Thence he removed in about
two years to the capital, and here he resided until his
death, a period of nearly twenty-three years.
Not at once, however, did he meet his professional
success, not at once find a place in the golden field
for his sickle ; other reapers monopolized the labor
and the reward. He was poor, often having to
borrow money to pay the postage on letters from
his friends in the East; but he patiently waited
until time and opportunity should vindicate his right
to occupy a foremost place among practitioners of
medicine and surgery. These came, and a few years
found him doing as large a business as any physician
in the city, possibly larger. During some seasons,
when severe epidemics of malarial fever occurred, it
was not unusual for him to ride sixty or seventy-five
miles a day, and the night brought him no rest.
Sometimes even a week would elapse without his
divesting himself of his clothes, but he would sleep in
a chair, in his buggy, sometimes even on horseback.
No man, unless possessed of an iron constitution
such as he had, could endure so great fatigue and
exposure. Physically he was a remarkable man.
His bodily presence was impressive. A manly, erect
figure, about six feet in height, his weight over two
hundred, he would have been taken in any assembly
! as a man of mark.
It is rare to find such a combination of professional
abilities as existed in Dr. Parry's case. He was a
superior physician and an excellent surgeon and ob-
stetrician. His obstetrical business for some time
averaged over eighty cases a year, and every year he
had a greater or less number of capital operations.
As a surgeon he was not a brilliant, dashing ope-
rator, but cool, collected, his eye intent upon his
work, his hand steady and firm. He always knew
where his knife icas, and never attempted what he
could not readily perform, and never operated merely
for the sake of operating. His abilities as an opera-
tive surgeon were indeed excellent.
But his greatest merit was as a practitioner of
medicine. It may be inferred that he was highly
esteemed in this regard from a remark made by one
of the most intelligent and successful practitioners at
278
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
a meeting of physicians held to take action in refer-
ence to his death : " Had we been taken dangerously
sick, and were we thinking whom we would prefer to
attend us, the great majority would decide for Dr.
Parry." This commeudatioa was most worthily
bestowed.
Dr. Parry was not rash in forming his opinion nor
in jumping at conclusions. He studied disease not
so much in books as at the bedside, and he thoroughly
investigated a case, even if that investigation required
an hour or more. He was cautious, seeking all the
light he could, carefully reasoning, and his natural
sagacity, logical understanding, and strong practical
sense directed him almost invariably to a correct diag-
nosis. Seldom, indeed, could a man be found making
fewer mistakes.
Dr. Parry did not hesitate to use freely, in what
he believed proper cases, the lancet, mercury, and
blister, and his patients got well oftener, sooner, bet-
ter than they would have done under the treatment
of those who in effect renounce art and rely only on
nature.
In three important respects Dr. Parry's life must
be pronounced a decided success. First, in the at-
tainment of wealth ; second, in the attainment of
reputation ; and third and highest, in the relief of
much suffering.
While it is pleasant to speak of his abilities and
the success which crowned their exercise, yet the
moral aspects of his character must not be entirely
neglected, and on those especially it is grateful to
dwell. He was honest ; honest not merely in busi-
ness transactions, but honest in all his intercourse
with his professional brethren, and honest, too, in the
sick-room and at the bedside, honest in matters of
life and death. A deceiver in any respect he never
could be.
To his friends he was generous and kind-hearted.
Many a young physician knows that his start in pro-
fessional life was in great measure due to the kind
words and deeds of Dr. Parry. His time and inval-
uable counsel were ever at the service of the young
practitioner in difficult cases without hope of pecuni-
ary reward. He kindly concealed errors from the
erring party, unless by plain statement of them he
could prevent future mistakes. He was kind to his
patients and profoundly sympathetic, though usually
repressing decided manifestation, and yet he often
wept with all a woman's tenderness with the father
and mother over their dying child.
His was too noble a spirit to be consumed by the
fires of jealousy. If families left him — a rare event
in the case of any worthy ones ; his friends adhered
to him with great tenacity — he cherished no unkind
feeling towards their new medical adviser, attributed
to him no dishonesty of conduct, cultivated no spirit
of retaliation, but, without a whisper of complaint,
graciously and gracefully yielded. He would listen
patiently to the opinions of the youngest physician,
and if they could be well established, no false pride,
no prejudice kept him from at once abandoning his
own and accepting them. He was not blind either
to the truth of the judgments or to the abilities of
others. Indeed, he was one of the most catholic of
men.
His character was fixed, not fickle. Few men pre-
sented more mably front or stood more firmly on their
feet than he did. He changed not from year to year.
He was no April day, alternate sunshine and clouds,
the light of love and the darkness of hate ; but his
friendship was abiding, weakened by no lapse of time,
varying not from month to month or year to year, no
mean jealousy or plotting hate disturbing the equa-
nimity of his temper or the kindness of his conduct.
He was ever the same speaking of you or to you.
Resentful he might have been at times when greatly
wronged, but it was rarely manifested, and there
were wrongs that he did not resent. He meekly for-
bore when others might have been provoked, lest he
might say or do anything which would cause unkind
feelings or pain.
Had Dr. Charles Parry enjoyed a more liberal lit-
erary education, had he been more ambitious of fame
and been given a larger sphere, an arena suitable for
such strength and culture, he might have placed him-
self among the foremost men not only of the country
but of the age. His death occurred at his home in
Indianapolis on the 11th of August, 1861.
John L. Mothershead, M.D. — Nathaniel Moth-
ershead, the father of the doctor, was of English
JOHN L. MOTHERSHEAD.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
279
antecedents and a native of the State of Virginia,
where he was born in 1755. He at a later period
removed to Scott County, Ky., where his death
occurred on the 28th of December, 1834. His pur-
suits were those of a farmer, though in youth a
soldier of the war of the Revolution and a participant
in the battles of Monmouth, Brandywine, Trenton,
Princeton, Stony Point, and Yorktown. John L.,
the youngest of his sons, was born Jan. 6, 1808, in
Scott County, Ky., where the years of his youth
were passed. He received a thorough collegiate edu-
cation, and choosing medicine as a profession, grad-
uated from the medical college at Louisville, Ky.
He chose Indianapolis as the most advantageous
point in the State of Indiana, and devoted him.self
with zeal and industry to the practice of his profes-
sion. Very soon Dr. Mothershead became distin-
guished for his skill and thorough medical training,
and speedily attained the largest practice in the
growing city he had selected as his home. In con-
Dection with his profession he also engaged in busi-
ness as a druggist. Aside from the demands upon
his skill in the city, his presence was frequently
sought in consultation in the neighboring cities and
towns. He married Miss Amanda, daughter of
Morris Morris, of Indianapolis, to whom were born
children, — Alvin M., Julia (Mrs. Burr), and John L.
He was married a second time, to Mrs. Emeline
Grant, and had one daughter, Irene, who died in
childhood. Dr. Mothershead was in politics a Whig,
and although not an aspirant for office, filled the
responsible position of president of the Board of
Health. He was au active member of the Baptist
Church. He died Nov. 4, 1854, in his forty-seventh
year, not less remembered for his professional attain-
ments than for his many genial traits of character.
The only representative of his family now in Indian-
apolis is his son, John L. Mothershead, president of
the Indiana Foundry Company, and from 1881 to
1883 county treasurer.
The " Indiana Central Medical College" was organ-
ized in 1848, and held its first session in a two-story
brick house on the southeast corner of Washington
and East Streets. It formed the medical department
of Asbury University, and President, afterwards
Bishop, Simpson delivered the diplomas to the first
graduating class in March, 1850. An attempt was
made in 1850 to erect a building for it on the Uni-
versity Square, and the Legislature authorized the
sale of an acre at the price it should be appraised at,
but the appraisment was thought too high for the
University's means, and the enterprise was abandoned.
The acre was appraised at three thousand five hundred
and sixty-six dollars. The faculty consisted of Drs.
John S. Bobbs, Richard Curran, J. S. Harrison,
George W. Mears, C. G. Downey, L Dunlap, A. H.
Baker, and David Funkhouser. The last. Dr. Funk-
houser, and his partner for many years. Dr. P. H.
Jameson, are the- oldest practitioners in the city since
the death of Dr. Mears.
David Funkhouser, M.D. — The Funkhouser
famify are of German extraction, the doctor's great-
grandfather having emigrated from Switzerland to
America. His son David was born in Lancaster
County, Pa., where he was a farmer. He married,
and had children, — Samuel, Martin, and Elizabeth
(Mrs. Miley). The first-named was born in Virginia,
to which State his parents had removed, and where he
later engaged in both mercantile and farming employ-
ments. He married Elizabeth Miley, to whom was
born one son, David, the subject of this biographical
sketch, on the 31st of May, 1820, in Shenandoah
County, Va. Such advantages as the school of the
neighborhood afiForded were enjoyed while at his
home, after which two and a half years were spent at
the Woodstock Academy, located at the seat of the
county. He then became a student of Bethany Col-
lege, in West Virginia, from which he graduated and
received his degree of A.M. He began in 1845
the study of medicine with Dr. James McClintock,
of Philadelphia, who offered to students the superior
advantage of a dissecting-room and lectures on an-
atomy and kindred subjects. He also attended lec-
tures at the Jefferson Medical College, in Philadel-
phia, from which he received his diploma in 1847.
The doctor determined to seek the West as offering
a broader field to a young practitioner, and located
soon after in Indianapolis, where he has since been
actively engaged in the practice of his profession.
He was for a period of seventeen years associated
280
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
with Dr. P. H. Jameson in practice, and for three
years with Dr. Henry Jameson. Dr. Funkhouser
has confined himself to practice of a general char-
acter, though his skill as a surgeon has been largely
called into requisition, much of the general surgical
work of the city having for a period of years come
under his supervision. He was also, during the late
war, connected with the military hospitals located in
Indianapolis. He has been a member of the Indian-
apolis Medical Society, as also of the State Medical
Society. In 1849, during the early years of his pro-
fessional career, he was demonstrator of anatomy in
the Indianapolis Medical College. In politics he has
always been a pronounced Democrat, tut not an active
worker nor an aspirant for official position. He is a
supporter of the First Baptist Church of the city of
Indianapolis, of which Mrs. Funkhouser is a member.
Dr. Funkhouser was married, in 1865, to Miss
Amanda, daughter of Daniel Lynn, of Dearborn
County, Ind. Their children are two daughters,
Lizzie M. and Jessie L. J., both residing with their
parents.
Dr. Patrick Henry Jameson was born in Jeflfer-
son County April 18, 1824, received a good English
education in the country schools, and came to Indian-
apolis in the fall of 184-2, where he taught school for
a short time, then studied medicine with the late
Dr. John H. Sanders, attended the Medical College of
Louisville in 1847—48, and subsequently the Jefferson
College of Philadelphia. He graduated in 1849,
and began practice the same year in Indianapolis.
In a short time he and Dr. Funkhouser were asso-
ciated, and remained so longer than any other partners
in a professional business in the city. Dr. Jameson
has been president of both the Indiana Medical
Society and the Indianapolis Academy of Medicine.
For about eighteen years he was on the Board of
Commissioners of the State Benevolent Institutions
(the asylums), and wrote in that time eighteen
annual reports of them ; also a report to the Indiana
Society on the use of " veratrum viride" in typhoid
and puerperal fevers, and an address on the " Relation
of Scientific Medicine to Quackery." For five years
during and after the war he was the State surgeon in ]
charge of State and national troops in the camps and 1
hospitals of the city. He was also assistant surgeon
of the United States army for three years, and for
eight years physician to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.
From 1869-79 he was president of the joint Board
of Commissioners of the State Asylums, and for many
years was president of the board of directors of
Butler University. The Insane Asylum owes more to
his vigilance and sagacity than any other man in the
State, and the city of Indianapolis is not less deeply
indebted to his sound and honorable financial manage-
ment. He entered the Council in 1863 and remained
until 1869, and all the time was intrusted with
the almost absolute direction of the city finances.
During this period heavy sums had to be raised for
bounties for volunteers, and it required masterly
ability to keep affairs in good order in such an urgent
and constant strait. He found the city in debt, yet,
in spite of the heavy outlays, he left it with one hun-
dred thousand dollars' of current debt only, and with
two hundred and sixty thousand dollars in the treasury
to pay it. For the last ten years he has had associated
with him his nephew. Dr. Henry Jameson, a professor
in the Medical College of Indiana, and one of the
most distinguished young scientists in the West.
The elder doctor, June 20, 1850, married Maria,
daughter of the lute Ovid Butler, founder of Butler
University ; the younger was married to Gertrude,
daughter of H. G. Carey, the banker, in the winter
of 1875.
Among the professors of the first medical college, as
above stated, was Dr. John S. Bobbs, as well known
almost as a skillful and adroit party manager of the
Whigs as he was an accomplished and thorough
physician. He vras a forcible writer on any subject
to which he turned his hand, and he wrote a great
deal on professional and public subjects both in news-
papers and special publications. In all public move-
ments afl'ccting the welfare of the city, whether
concerning him professionally or not, he was always
active and effective. A bequest of two thousand
dollars he made at his death is the foundation of the
" Bobbs' Dispensary," for the benefit of the suffering
poor of Indianapolis, managed by the faculty of the
" Medical College of Indiana." The " Bobbs' Library"
is under the same direction.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
281
John S. Bobbs, M.D., the subject of this biog-
raphy, was born at Green Village, Cumberland Co.,
Pa., on the 28th of December, 1809. His boyhood
was .spent — his parents being poor — in the acquisition
of such knowledge as could be obtained at the then
very common schools of a country village. At the age
of eighteen he wended his way on foot to Harrisburg,
then, as now, the seat of government of Pennsylvania,
in quest of employment. Being a lad of much more
than ordinary intelligence, he attracted the attention
of Dr. Martin Luther, then a practitioner of some
eminence in that city. Upon a more thorough ac-
quaintance the doctor's interest increased, and, feeling
that the delicate and slender physique of his young
friend unfitted him for the more rugged encounter
with the world, proposed, upon the most liberal terms,
his entrance to his o£Bce as a student of medicine.
Unhappily, this noble patron did not long survive to
see with what fidelity to his own interests and with
what devotion to study his pro/effe had rewarded his
generosity. Such indeed was the diligence with
which he applied himself to books that, notwithstand-
ing the obstacles of a deficient preliminary education,
he fitted himself, with the aid of a single course of
lectures, for the successful practice of his profession
in less than three years. His first essay in this direc-
tion was made at Middletown, Pa., where he remained
four years. Having early determined to make surgery
a specialty, he found the locality he had chosen un-
suited for the work, and soon decided upon selecting
some point in the great West as the field of his future
labors.
In 183.5 he came to Indianapolis with the view of
making it his permanent residence. True to his great
purpose of securing for himself distinction in his
chosen profession, he now gave himself up to study,
— severe, unremitting study, — both classical and pro-
fe.ssional. Soon sufiSciently familiar with the lan-
guages, he bent his entire energies to investigations
in his favorite department. As a means of further-
ing the objects of his very earnest pursuit after sur-
gical knowledge, he concluded to avail himself of the
advantages of a winter's dissections and clinical obser-
vations at Jefferson Medical College, where the degree
of doctor of medicine was conferred upon him. Rap-
idly attaining a reputation throughout the length and
breadth of the State which might satisfy the most
vaulting ambition, he was tendered by the trustees of
Asbury University the chair of surgery in the " Cen-
tral Medical College," then about being established in
Indianapolis, and made dean of the faculty. His lec-
tures and operations before the class were fully up to
the highest standards of the profession. His descrip-
tions of healthy and diseased action, and the changes
from the one to the other, have never been surpassed
in point of clearness and accuracy and graphic force
and eloquence.
" He always held his profession sacred, high above
all trickery and quackery, and labored with incessant
diligence to place it in public estimation upon the
same footing it held in his own regard. The most
earnest and eloquent words came from his heart and
lips when urging upon the minds of his classes the
duty of fidelity to the cause of scientific medicine.
In that duty he was ever faithful, even to the moment
of his death."
To the poor and needy he was always wisely kind and
beneficent. When called upon professionally to attend
the sick poor, he was known in innumerable instances
to furnish, beside gratuitous service and necessary
medicines, the means of life during their illness. The
great beauty of his character, in this respect, was that
his charities were always rendered without display or
ostentation. He was a man of indefatigable industry,
and until his death a devoted student, laboring at his
books as few men work. With a slender constitution
at best, and a system worn down by disease contracted
in the army, he labored incessantly. His days were
"iven to the duties of an arduous surgical practice,
and his nights spent almost wholly in his library.
He was a model friend. He saw the real character
of all whom he admitted to his intimacy and friend-
ship ; and while to all the outside world he faithfully
hid their faults, he candidly and fully presented them
to him whose character they marred. This duty —
the highest and most delicate and difficult of all the
'duties of friendship and of life owed by man to man
he had the good sense, discrimination, and tact to
perform always without insulting or wounding his
friends. He was superior to all dissimulation, and
282
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
spoke the trutli with such frankness and earnestness
that it was impossible to take offense at it. His
friendships all stood upon a higher plane than any
mere selfish interest. He accepted or rejected men
as friends for their manhood or their want of it. The
personal or social trappings and circumstances of men
neither attracted nor repelled him. He felt and knew
that
" The rank is but the guinea's stamp,
Tile man's tlie gowd for a' that,"
and elected his friends, not for the image and super-
scription which family or position had impressed upon
them, but for the original metal. So selected, he
grappled them with hooks of steel, and never gave
them up until they had shown by some violation of
principle that they were unworthy of his regard. He
discriminated wisely the faults that proceed from im-
pulse and enthusiasm from those that grow out of
calculation and self-interest. To the former he was
as kind and forgiving as a mother to the faults of her
child ; the latter he never forgave.
For a short time he engaged in politics, — not, how-
ever, as a matter of choice, but from a sense of duty.
He carried with him into the public arena the same
thorough and exhaustive preparation, the same scru-
pulous regard for truth and fair dealing, the same
severe devotion to reason, and the same lofty and
fiery eloquence that lent such a charm to his profes-
sional addresses. In this singular episode of his life
he met the obligations of his position, and performed
them so as to win the confidence and approbation of
his constituents.
Dr. Bobbs was married, in 1840, to Miss Catherine
Cameron, the youngest of eight children, and the
sister of Hon. Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania. He
has left the record of a life fragrant with kindly deeds
and memorable for its usefulness.
In May, 1869, the " Indiana Medical College" was
organized mainly or wholly by the efibrts of the In-
dianapolis Academy. It was intended in the first
scheme of organization to make it a department of the
State University, and obtain the aid of the State for
it in that way, but a committee consisting of Dr.
Bobbs, Dr. Mears, and Dr. Woodburn reported
against it, and the academy concurred. A second
committee of five — Drs. Waterman, Harvey, Todd,
Gaston, and Kitchen — reported in favor of a home
medical college, sustained by its own brains and
means, and the academy concurred, adopted the pro-
posed plan, and selected the first faculty : Dr. John
S. Bobbs, President, and Professor of Principles and
Practice of Surgery ; George W. Mears, Obstetrics ;
Ryland T. Brown, Chemistry and Toxicology ; Rob-
ert N. Todd, Vice-President, Professor of Principles
and Practice of Medicine ; L. D. Waterman, Descrip-
tive and Surgical Anatomy ; T. B. Harvey, Treasurer,
Professor of Diseases of Women and Children ;
William B. Fletcher, Physiology ; F. S. Newcomer,
Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; J. A. Comingor,
Surgical Pathology, Orthopedic and Clinical Surgery;
C. E. Wright, Demonstrator of Anatomy. On May
4th articles of association were reported by Dr.
Bobbs, approved and signed by the other members of
the faculty, and Judge Samuel E. Perkins and John
D. Howland made trustees with the faculty. The
academy subscribed freely to support the institution,
and it began its first session in October, 1869.
Thomas B. Harvey, M.D., who is descended
from English stock, is the son of the late Dr. Jesse
Harvey, of Harveysburg, Warren Co., Ohio, a
physician of scientific attainments and eminence in
his profession, and Elizabeth Burgess, daughter of
Thomas and Betty Burgess, of Virginia. Their son,
the subject of this biographical sketch, was born
Nov. 29, 1827, in Clinton County, Ohio, and removed
on attaining his second year to Harveysburg. His
advantages of education were derived from the
Harveysburg High School, an institution founded by
his father, with whom, on completing his classical
course, he began the study of medicine in 1846 and
graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, at Cin-
cinnati. His first field of labor was at Plainfield,
Ind., to which place he removed in 1851, and con-
tinued in active practice until 1862, when he was
tendered and accepted the appointment of Examining
Surgeon for the Sixth Congressional District, with
headquarters at Indianapolis. The doctor held this
position until the close of the war. Meanwhile asso-
ciations both of a professional and social character
had been formed which influenced him to make
^ rh y^ay'^-'^-^^
'^, j2^-^>^.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
283
Indianapolis his permanent residence, his practice
having already become extended and lucrative. Dur-
ing the year 1869 the Indiana Medical College was
organized and Dr. Harvey appointed to the chair of
professor of medical and surgical diseases of women,
which he still fills. Quick and clear in apprehension,
concise and vigorous in language, and a thorough
master of the special branch of medical science he
elucidates, his clinics are sought alike by students
and active practitioners.
Dr. Harvey has been for twenty years consulting
physician in the same special department at the City
Hospital, as also in St. Vincent's Hospital since its
organization, and has for ten years been consulting
physician to the City Dispensary. He aided in the
organization of the Hendricks County Medical So-
ciety, read the first paper before that body, and was
subsequently its president. He also aided materially
in the organization of the Indianapolis Academy of
Medicine, and was honored as the first member to fill
the office of president. He became a member of the
State Medical Society during the third year of its
existence; was made its vice-president in 1865, and
its president in 1880. He is also a member of the
American Medical As.sociation, and of tlie Mississippi
Valley Medical Society, before which bodies he has
read many able papers which showed him to be a
faithful observer of the nature and forms of disease,
an original thinker, and logical in his reasoning. His
reputation as a physician has extended far beyond
the limits of the city of his residence and caused his
services to be largely sought in consultation. In his
political predilections the doctor may be spoken of as
descended from abolitionist stock and educated in
the doctrines of that party. His grandmother
Burgess (who was a Hendricks, of Virginia) accepted
her patrimony in slaves that she might bring them
to Ohio and liberate them. His ancestors were
Quakers of the strictest sort both in their religious
life and faith.
Dr. Harvey was married in 1853 to Miss Delitha,
daughter of Stephen Butler, of Union County, Ind.,
who.se ancestors were of Virginia stock. Their
children are Emma, deceased, Lawson M., an attorney
in Indianapolis, Frank Hamilton, deceased, Jesse B.,
and Lizzie, the two latter being students at Earlham
College, in Richmond.
Robert N. Todd, M.D.—Robert Nathaniel, son
of Levi L. Todd, was born Jan. 4, 1827, near Lex-
ington, Ky., which place had been the home of his
father's family for two generations. His mother was
the daughter of Capt. Nathaniel Ashby, of Virginia,
and who served as an officer of the line throughout
the war of the Revolution. Robert was the seventh
born in a family of nine children, two of whom died
in infancy ; the remainder having reached maturity,
though only two survive him. His family removed
to Indiana in 183-1, since which time his home was
in Indianapolis and vicinity until the time of his
death, which occurred on the 13th day of June,
1883.
His early advantages were indiff'erent. He re-
ceived a common-school education such as the
country at that day afforded, with such a knowledge
of Latin as he could pick up (unaided by a teacher)
from an old grammar and reader and a copy of
" jEsop's Fables," with the reading of a few volumes
of history and travel.
Physically he was delicate, and rather a sickly boy,
being frequently troubled with sore throat and gland-
ular swellings about the neck, while he was always
dyspeptic from a child. Gaining in strength and
health, however, as he grew older, he performed a
good deal of hard labor upon the farm, until, at the
age of nineteen, he began the study of law at South
Bend with Judge Listen, his brother-in-law ; but at
the expiration of a year and a half returned to the
farm, where he remained until, broken down by hard
labor and ill health, he was compelled, at the end of
two years, to abandon farm work entirely. After
having remained at home for some months an in-
valid he visited Dr. David Todd, of Danville, by
whom he was induced to commence the study of
medicine, which he did as a diversion from low
spirits, not expecting ever to be well enough to turn
it to practical account. His health, however, soon
began to improve, and the next year he attended
lectures at the old "Indiana Central Medical Col-
lege," and the following year (1851) graduated, and
settled the succeeding spring at Southport, where he
284
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
remained until the breaking out of the war, having
in the spring of 1854 been married to Miss Margaret
White, of that neighborhood.
In the year 1861 he was appointed surgeon of the
Twenty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, and went soon after
with his regiment to Missouri, where he remained on
duty in camp and hospital for about twenty months.
Having resigned his position upon his return home,
he soon after removed to Indianapolis, and again
entered the government service as surgeon at Camp
Morton, where, associated with Dr. Kipp, of the
regular army, and under the medical directorship of
Dr. Bobbs, he continued until the close of the war.
In the year following his removal to Indianapolis
he was married the second time, to Mrs. Martha J.
Edgar, who, with three children of his first and four
of his second marriage, still survive him.
There having been no medical college since the
disbanding of the old one, which occurred in 1852,
in the year 1869 the organization of the Indiana
Medical College was effected, in which he was chosen
as teacher of theory and practice, and continued
thus engaged until the spring of 1874. Shortly
after, upon the organization of the College of Phy-
sicians and Surgeons (he himself having been the
originator), he was assigned the same department,
and held it until the union of the two medical
schools in 1878 under the style of " The Medical
College of Indiana." He was elected to the same
chair occupied in the two other organizations, viz.,
principles and practice of medicine, which was filled
until his death.
He was the first representative from his State upon
the Judicial Council of the American Medical Asso-
ciation, which he held for several successive terms,
and to which he was again elected, in his absence, at
the last meeting.
Dr. Todd was president of the State Society in
1871, was an active worker for seven years upon the
provisional board, created by the Legislature, and
whose work was the erection and fitting up of the
large building occupied as the female department of
the Hospital for the Insane, and was one of the phy-
sicians to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum for nearly
eight years. He served a single term in the Legis-
lature as representative in 1856-57, besides which he
held no position disconnected with his profession.
As a lecturer his manner was easy, dignified, and
not ungraceful ; his words were well chosen, his lan-
guage plain but forcible, sometimes eloquent, and
always commanded the attention of his auditors.
As a teacher he was clear and explicit, easily
understood, and well remembered ; talked much of
the specific nature of diseases and their laws of
reproduction, and dwelt largely upon the general
principles of pathology and their application in
special forms of diseases, frequently referring to them
in the solution of minor questions.
As a practitioner of medicine he was eminently
successful. His notably quick perceptive faculties,
his careful and systematic methods of examination,
with a comprehensive knowledge of pathology, gen-
eral and special, combined to make him skillful in
the diagnosis of disease ; while his ready resources
and originality of thought in the application of
means left him entirely independent of routine thera-
peutics.
His health was always inconstant, having been
subject to acute attacks throughout his adult life, and
these increased upon him very notably in force and
frequency of late years. His robust appearance and
vigorous manner and movement were deceptive as to
his real condition, and from the indisposition that
began in August, 1882, which was unusually pro-
longed and severe, he never recovered his accustomed
tone, though filling most of his lecture course. With
the loss of vital resistance incident to his age and
condition, he sank at last under the effects of a cas-
ualty from which he could easily have recovered a
few years earlier in life. Not old, it is true, in years,
but relatively as life is really to be reckoned by its
vicissitudes and hardships, he was much farther
advanced.
John A. Comingor, M.D., is of German ex-
traction, his grandfather, who was the first member
of the family to emigrate, having settled in New
York State and later removed to Kentucky. He
married and had children, — Abram, Henry, David,
Samuel, and four daughters. Samuel, of these sons,
was born in 1797 in Kentucky, and remained in that
(2>^.;)r^--^^=^^^bc^^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
285
State until 1826, when he removed to Johnson
County, Ind. He married Miss Mary Gibbs, of
Georgia, and had children, — Henry, George, David,
John A., Cynthia, Rachel, Sarah, and Jane. John
A. was born on the 17th of March, 1828, in John-
son County, Ind. His youth was uneventful, the
common school of the vicinity having afforded him
early instruction, after which he became a pupil of
the Greenwood Academy. He early decided upon a
medical career, and on completing his English course
began the study of medicine with Drs. Noble and
Wishard, of Greenwood. Here he continued for
three years, meanwhile attending lectures at the
Central Medical College of Indianapolis during the
sessions of 1849—50, and graduating from the medi-
cal department of the University of New York in
1860. Dr. Comingor practiced until 1861 at Dan-
ville, Hendricks Co., when he was appointed surgeon
of the Eleventh Indiana Infantry and served until
May, 1865, having participated in the engagements
at Shiloh, Champion Hills, the siege of Vicksburg,
Jackson, Miss., and others of minor importance.
During this period of activity his duties were chiefly
in the field. On returning from the service he
located in Indianapolis and at once engaged in gen-
eral practice, which increased as his ability and skill
became more widely known. He has been physician
and surgeon to the City Hospital, to St. Vincent's
Hospital, and to the City Dispensary. He assisted
in founding and is one of the charter members of
the Medical College of Indiana, in which he has
filled the chair of professor of surgery from 1869
until the present time. The doctor is a member of
the State Medical Society, of the County Medical
Society, of the National Association, and National
Surgical Association, and has at various times read
many papers of interest before these societies, and
been a frequent contributor to the medical periodicals
of the day. Dr. Comingor was, in 1855, married to
Miss Lucy Williamson, of Greencastle, Ind., and has
three children, Ada, Harry, and Carrie, all of whom
reside with their parents. Dr. Comingor is at
present a member of the staff of Governor Porter,
with the appointment of surgeon-geueral of the
State.
William Baldwin Fletcher, M.D., was born
Aug. 18, 1837, at Indianapolis. His early years
were spent upon the farm of his father (now the
corner of South Street and Virginia Avenue), his
first school being that held in a new log school-house
which had been erected in the woods, between New
Jersey and East Streets, on South Street.
He was a dreamer in school, and made more pro-
gress by observation than from books. An intense
love of nature made him incline to solitude, and a
peculiar antagonism to customs and social forms
caused him even in childhood to be cynical and bitter.
During 1853 and 1854 he attended the preparatory
school of Asbury University, and went to Lancaster,
Mass., in 1855 to prepare for Harvard, but his in-
tense love of natural history caused him to abandon
the idea of a regular course, and under the lectures
of Louis Agassiz, and directed by Prof Sanborn
Turney, he pursued geology, botany, and zoology,
and finally medicine. From 1856 to 1859 his
studies were carried on in New York City at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he
graduated in October of that year. On completing
his course he settled in Indianapolis, and remained
until the calling out of troops for the war of the
Rebellion.
Dr. Fletcher was the first surgeon to open a mili-
tary hospital in what was known as Camp Morton.
He went into the field with the Sixth Indiana In-
fantry, and was detailed on Gen. T. A. Morris'
staff. After the three months' troops returned
home he was transferred to Gen. J. J. Reynolds'
staff, where, until captured, he had charge of the
secret service. He was captured while on detached
duty at Big Spring, taken to Huntersville, Poco-
hontas Co., Va., in irons, brought before Gen.
Robert E. Lee, and kept in solitary confinement for
six weeks. He made two attempts to escape, and
in the last was wounded and sent to the jail, where
he remained until October, when he was tried by
court-martial and ordered to execution by Gen. Don-
aldson. He was reprieved by Gen. Lee until further
investigation could be had, and sent on to Richmond,
where, through the fortunate ignorance of Sergt.
(afterwards Capt.) Wirtz, his identity was lost as
1
286
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
a special prisoner, and he was put into the officers'
prison, from which he was paroled to take charge
of the Gangrene Hospital at Rocketts, a suburb of
Richmond. In March, 18G2, he was paroled and
sent home, when he again entered upon the practice
of his profession, but during the whole war performed
medical and surgical duty either for the Christian
Commission or for the State and general government,
visiting Stone River, Perryville, Vicksburg, etc., to
bring home wounded or promote the comfort of those
sick in the field. He was one of the medical ex-
aminers during the " draft," and had charge of one
section of the prison hospital at Camp Morton until
the war was ended.
During the years 1866 and 1867 he visited Lon-
don and Paris, Glasgow and Dublin, to study in the
hospitals. For thirteen years he held the various
chairs of physiology, materia medica, anatomy, and
theory and practice of medicine in the Indiana Medi-
cal College. He was for five years superintendent of
the City Dispensary, and for fifteen years visiting
surgeon or consulting physician to the City Hos-
pital or St. Vincent's Hospital. He was first presi-
dent of the Indiana State Microscopical Society.
Dr. Fletcher, besides general contributions to cur-
rent literature, has written several monographs which
have been largely copied in American and foreign
journals, among them " The History of Asiatic
Cholera," "Various Entozoa Found in Pork," "Five
Cases of Tricbiniasis," " Human Entozoa," " Organic
Origin of Diamonds," " Natural History of Women."
The doctor during the fall of 1882 became a candi-
date for State Senator from Marion County on the
Democratic ticket, and was elected. He was, June
7, 1883, made superintendent of the Indiana Hos-
pital for the Insane, in which capacity he is now
serving. Dr. Fletcher was, in 1862, married to Miss
Agnes O'Brien. Their children are Agnes W.,
Robert O'B., Lucy Hines, Albert Carolan, Aileen
and Una (twins), and William Baldwin.
In 1874 a division occurred in the faculty of the
" Indiana Medical College," and a part organized the
" Indiana College of Physicians and Surgeons'' in the
Talbott Block, northwest corner of Market and Penn-
sylvania Streets, while a part continued the old school
in the block on Delaware Street opposite the court-
house. In 1878 the two institutions were brought
together again, and called the " Medical College of
Indiana." It now has ample and admirably-arranged
rooms in the building on the northeast corner of
Pennsylvania and Maryland Streets. The graduates
of the session of 1882-83 numbered fifty-three.
The present faculty is Graham N. Fitch, M.D.,
Emeritus Professor of the Principles and Practice of
Surgery; John A. Comingor, M.D., Professor of the
Bobbs Chair of Surgery and the Principles and Prac-
tice of Surgery ; Thomas B. Harvey, M.D., Professor
of Surgical and Clinical Diseases of Women ; Isaac
C. Walker, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Mind
and Nervous System ; Henry Jameson, M.D., Pro-
fessor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Children ; John
Chambers, M.D., Professor of the Principles and
Practice of Medicine and of Clinical Medicine ; C. E.
Wright, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and
Therapeutics; J. L. Thompson, M.D., Professor of
Diseases of the Eye and Ear ; J. W. Marsee, M.D.,
Professor of Anatomy and Mechanical and Clinical
Surgery ; Alembert W. Brayton, M.D., Professor of
Chemistry and Toxicology ; George L. Curtiss, M.D.,
Professor of Physiology ; James H. Taylor, M.D.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy ; William F. Hays, M.D.,
Librarian and Assistant to the Chair of Chemistry ;
J. A. Haugh, M.D., Curator of the Museum ; F. A.
Morrison, M.D., Asssistant Demonstrator of Anatomy
and Prosector; W. N. Wishard, M.D., Assistant to
the Chair of Principles and Practice of Medicine ;
L. S. Henthorn, M.D., Assistant to the Chair of Ob-
stetrics ; F. M. Wiles, M.D., Assistant to the Chair
of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; J. B. Hoover,
M.D., Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy ; Oliver
Wright, Janitor.
The oflBcers of the college are John A. Comingor,
Dean; John Chambers, Treasurer; Henry Jameson,
Secretary.
Isaac C. Walker, M.D.— The family of Dr.
Walker are of English descent, the earliest repre-
sentative in America having settled in Virginia.
William Walker, his grandfather, a native of the
latter State, resided in Wilmington, Ohio, where he
engaged in farming employments. Among his chil-
CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
287
dren was Azel, born in Waynesville, Ohio, in 1802,
who became a manufacturer in Wilmington, and later
an extensive land-owner. He married Miss Elizabeth
P., daughter of Joshua Robinson, of Logan County,
Ohio, and had children, — Edward B., deceased, a
promising lawyer; Isaac C. ; Cyrus M., a pork mer-
chant in Wilmington, Ohio ; John R., deceased, a
practicing physician in Wilmington ; Louis C., one
of the judges of the Superior Court of IndianapoHs ;
Calvin B., deputy commissioner of pensions at Wash-
ington, and author of a work on pension law ;
Amos J., a wholesale druggist and member of the
firm of Walling & Co., of Indianapolis ; Eliza Ann
and Martha J., of Richmond, Ind. Mr. Walker's
death occurred in Wilmington at the age of sixty-
eight years, and that of Mrs. Walker, in Richmond,
at the age of seventy-two years. Their son Isaac C.
was born July 30, 1827, in Wilmington, where his
early youth was devoted to study. His education
having been completed at the Wilmington Seminary
in 1846, he immediately began the study of medicine
with Dr. Amos T. Davis, of Wilmington, with whom
he continued three years, after which he attended a
course of lectures at the old Cleveland Medical Col-
lege, and graduated from the Cincinnati College of
Medicine and Surgery and the University of Louis-
ville, Ky. After a brief period of practice with his
preceptor, he removed to Peru, Ind., and there con-
tinued until his advent in Indianapolis in 1870,
where his abilities soon gave him a leading rank in
the profession, and brought an extended and lucra-
tive practice. He is frequently called in consultation
in remote parts of the State as an acknowledged
authority on diseases of the mind and nervous sys-
tem. He was one of the founders of the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Indiana, and was at its
organization elected to the chair of diseases of the
mind and nervous system. This college was, after
an exi.stence of five years, consolidated with the
Indiana Medical College, the institution becoming
the Medical College of Indiana, in which the doctor
fills the same professorship.
He is in his political affiliations a Republican, and
was in 1878-79 elected to the City Council, of which
he was president during the latter year. He is a
Presbyterian in his religious associations, and wor-
ships with the congregation of the First Presbyterian
Church of Indianapolis, of which Mrs. Walker is a
member. Dr. Walker was, in May, 1852, married to
Miss Margaret A., daughter of John Constant, of
Wilmington, Ohio. Their children are two .sons, —
John C, a practicing physician in Indianapolis, and
Frank B., who is engaged in the commission business.
Dr. Walker is a member of the Marion County
Medical Society, of which he was president in 1880.
He is a member of the State Medical Society, of the
American Medical Association, and of the Tri-State
Medical Society. He was, in 1882, elected dean of
tlje faculty of the Medical College of Indiana. The
doctor is an occasional and valued contributor to the
medical journals of the day. His article on the sub-
ject and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, inspired
by the circumstances connected with the death of Dr.
James S. Anthon, is regarded as an important con-
tribution to medical literature, and pronounced by the
most eminent authority in the West "a philosophic
and most excellently written paper, and one of the
ablest he had read." Another on " Leucocythasmia,"
a condition in which there is an increase of the white
corpuscles, the result of which is a general enlarge-
ment of the lymphatic glands, attracted marked
attention.
Charles E. Wright, M.D., was born in Indian-
apolis, Ind., on the 1st of November, 1843. His
collegiate education was obtained at the Indiana
Asbury University, at Greencastle, in that State,
after which he became a student of medicine at the
Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, where he
graduated in March, 1868. Immediately after he
settled in his native city in the practice of his pro-
profession, making a specialty of diseases of the eye,
ear, and nose, in which branches he is universally
rewarded as an expert, and in which his practice has
become extended. His success in these specialties is
exceptional as the result of profound knowledge of
the science of medicine and marked ability. Dr.
Wrio-ht is a member of the Indiana Academy of
Sciences, and in 1868 was its secretary. He is also
a member of the Marion County Medical Society,
and of the Indiana State Medical Society. In
288
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
1869 he was demonstrator of anatomy in the In-
diana Medical College, and subsequently professor
of materia medica, therapeutics, and diseases of the
eye and ear in the same institution, of which he was
at various times both secretary and president. He is
also a member of the staff at the City Hospital, phy-
sician to St. John's Home for Invalids, and was for
four years physician to the Blind Asylum. In 1875
and 1876 he was president of the Indianapolis Board
of Health ; filled the same office, in connection with
the Indiana Medico-Legal Fraternity, in 1877 and
1878, and at present occupies the chair of materia
medica and therapeutics in the Medical College of In-
diana and the medical department of Butler University.
During the war of the Rebellion he held the position
of quartermaster-sergeant of the camp of instruction,
and was later superintendent of commissary stores at
Nashville, Tenn., and chief clerk of the commissary
of the subsistence department of Kentucky io the
Union army. He was appointed surgeon-general on
the staff of Governor Williams in July, 1878, with
the rank of colonel, and is now chief of staff of St.
Vincent's Hospital. Dr. Wright's contributions to
the medical literature of the day have been numer-
ous and important, covering the whole period of his
professional life, his thesis on " Spontaneous Evo-
lution" having been published in theWestern Journal
of Medicine in March, 1868, and his reports of
" Diseases of the Eye and Ear" in the " Transactions
of the Indiana State Medical Society" for 1870 and
1871. He was for some time editor of the Indiana
Medical Journal, to which be contributed many edi-
torials, reports of cases, etc., that attracted attention.
In literary circles outside the profession Dr. Wright
has always been a leading spirit, and active in the
organization of some of the most important associa-
tions in the city of Indianapolis, having been presi-
dent of the Scottish Rite Dramatic Association since
its organization. He is an active member of the
Masonic order, in which he has attained the thirty-
third degree, is a member of Raper Commandery,
No. 1, of Knights Templar of Indianapolis, and also
medical examiner of the Knights of Pythias. In
politics he is an ardent Democrat. In religion he is
liberal toward all sects and creeds, and not sectarian
in his faith. Dr. Wright was married in November,
1870, to Miss Anna Haugh, of Indianapolis. Their
children are Charlotta and Charles E., Jr.
As previously related, the homoeopathic practice
was introduced here by Dr. Coe after his conversion,
about 1838, but it was some years before anybody else
came to give his system support and countenance.
The first was Dr. Van Baren, who came about 1843,
and established a fair practice, which he maintained
till near 1850. In 1844 the late Dr. Konradin
Homburg came, and for a time practiced homoeopa-
thy, but in time he approached the regular school
pretty closely, and practiced chiefly on the allopathic
system, though to the last he is said to have had pa-
tients who demanded homceopatbic treatment. In
1852, Dr. Wright, of the Hahnemann school, came;
in 1855, Dr. Shaw, and in 1856, Dr. Corliss, who re-
mains. In 1868 a State organization of this school was
made, and in 1873 a county society was formed, both
still in vigorous existence. No school or college of this
medical persuasion has ever been opened here, but
some two years ago a dispensary was established on
West Ohio Street, near Meridian, and maintained
for about a year. Among the most prominent and
successful of this school is Dr. J. A. Compton, from
whom the information in this brief statement is ob-
tained.
Joshua Augustine Compton, M.D. — Tradition
relates that four brothers of the Compton family
emigrated from England, two of whom settled in
New York, one in New Jersey, and one in Virginia.
From one of these brothers was descended Joshua
Compton, the grandfather of Dr. Compton, who was
born at Liberty Corner, Somerset Co., N. J., Jan.
15, 1779, where he subsequently became a farmer.
He married a Miss Catharine Cazad (originally spelled
Casatt or Gazatt), and had children, — Mercy, Lydia,
Catharine, Mary, Reuben, Anthony, Joshua, and
Israel. Reuben, of this number, was born March 25,
1803, at Liberty Corner, N. J., and continued actively
employed as a farmer until twenty-one years of age,
when he removed to Western New York and engaged
in mercantile pursuits. He married Miss Catharine
Rhoades and had children, — Mary A., Joshua Augus-
tine, Catharine, Reuben, William, Anthony, Sarah
^,
^.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
289
Israel, Lydia, and Charles. The death of Mr. Comp-
ton occurred in Bradford, Steuben Co., N. Y., July
20, 1871. His wife still survives and resides at
Bradford.
Jcshua A., the subject of this biograpliy, was born
Feb. 26, 1835, in Bradford, N. Y. Excellent oppor-
tunities were at that day aiForded at the Bradford
Academy, where the doctor's earlier studies were
pursued ; not without difficulty, however, for he had
at twelve years of age a severe attack of pneumonia
that left him with weak lungs, which the confinement
incident to close application greatly aggravated, neces-
sitating the frequent postponement of his studies for
months at a time. He had long before fixed his mind
on the law, and in 1862 entered Chancy J. Herring's
office at Corning, N. Y., but remained only a few
months, the confinement being irksome to him.
During the fall of that year his father sent him to
look after the welfare of his brother William who had
been wounded at the battle of Anlietam, and sent to
the Fifth and Buttonwood Streets Hospital of Phila-
delphia. While there the doctor had the range of
the hospital, and embraced the opportunity which
offered of hearing most of the clinics. He also had
a special invitation from the faculty of the college at
Sixth and Willow Streets to attend many of their
lectures during the winter of 1862-63, which he em-
braced. He had early become distrustful of the effi-
cacy of old physic and espoused the water-cure sys-
tem. He took a water-cure journal, purchased Dr.
Trail's " Encyclopjedia." studied and applied it in his
own case ; not having found the desired relief under
that treatment, he was induced in the spring of 1863
to try the homoeopathic, which was speedily followed
by a permanent cure. The doctor was so elated over
the result that he immediately adopted the medical
profession as his life-work, and began study about the
first of May of that year with Dr. G. C. Hibbard,
at Springville, Erie Co., N. Y. He attended his
first regular course of lectures in 1864-65 at the New
York Homoeopathic College. Occupying the summer
months in the practice of his chosen profession at
White's Corners, Erie Co., N. Y., where he practiced
through a severe epidemic of dysentery without the
loss of a single case, he repaired to Cleveland, Ohio,
in the fall, and graduated at the Western Homoeo-
pathic College with high honors.in the spring of 1866,
having acted as demonstrator of anatomy for his ckss
during his period of study. The West then opened
an inviting field of labor to young men engaged in
professional or business pursuits, and Dr. Corapton
determined upon Indiana as his future home. He
first opened an office in Muncie, Delaware Co., May 1,
1866, and remained until 1873, meanwhile establish-
ing a reputation for ability and skill which won him
both practice and profit, embracing among his patients
many of the most wealthy and influential families of
the city. Having faith, however, in his own capacity
and ambition to fill a larger sphere than was possible
within the limits of a country town, he sought the
metropolis of the State. Here his professional attain-
ments gave him a leading position and a lucrative and
extended practice. He has been so successful as sel-
dom to have lost a case when given full control of it.
Dr. Compton is a member of the Erie County (New
York) Medical Society, a charter member of the Indi-
ana Institute of Homoeopathy, which he was instru-
mental in organizing, and of which he was elected
vice-president, member of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, of the Marion County Homoeopathic
Association, and of the Hahnemannian International
Association of Homoeopathy.
He gives but little time to affairs of a political char-
acter, though a supporter of the principles of the Re-
publican party. He is a member of the Muncie
Commandery of Knights Templar. Dr. Compton was
educated in the religious creed of the Protestant
Episcopal Church.
In 1873-74 the Physio-Medical College of In-
diana was organized, and has annually issued its
notices and collected its pupils since. This school of
medicine seems to be an enlarged and systematized
form of the Thomsonian practice, which a recent ad-
dress of one of the professors. Dr. Davidson, traces
to Dr. Kittredge, of New Hampshire, in 1788, and
to Dr. Thomson, of the same State, eight years later.
The following is the faculty of the Indiana Physio-
Medical College for 1883-84 : George Hasty, M.D.,
Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine
i and Clinical Medicine ; E. Anthony, M.D., Professor
290
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MAKION COUNTY.
of the Principles and Practice of Surgery ; C. T.
Bedford, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases
of Women and Children ; G. N. Davidson, M.D.,
Professor of Botany, Materia Medica, and Thera-
peutics; J. M. Thurston,. M.D., Professor of His-
tology and Physiology ; William A. Spurgeon, M.D.,
Professor of Svfrgical Anatomy ; W. W. Logan, M.D.,
Professor of General and Descriptive Anatomy ; J.
Redding, M.D., Professor of Jlicroscopy and Patho-
logical Histology ; J. P. Julian, M.D., Professor of
Chemistry and Toxicology ; John Young, LL.D.,
Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence ; A. W. Fisher, i
M.D., Lecturer on Diseases of the Rectum ; M. i
Veenboer, M.D., Lecturer on Sanitary Science ; C.
T. Bedford, M.D., Secretary of the Faculty; E. |
Anthony, M.D., President of the Faculty. The college
is located in the Wesley Block, on the southwest \
side of Indiana Avenue, near Tennessee.
In 1879 the Central College of Physicians and
Surgeons was organized, and excellent quarters fitted
up in the upper stories of the Ryan Block, north- t
west corner of Tennessee Street and Indiana Avenue. '
The session of 1882-83 had forty-four matriculates j
and twenty-three graduates. In this college two
prizes are offered annually, one a gold medal, pre-
sented by the faculty on commencement day to the
member of the graduating class who shall have ob-
tained the highest general average in all the depart-
ments at the final examination ; the other is presented
by Dr. John C. Waters, an Irish physician, a gradu-
ate of Trinity College, Dublin, and equally distin-
guished in Ireland as a politician and patriot and phy-
sician. It is a gold medal awarded on commence-
ment day to the student in the graduating class who
passes the best competitive examination in the pa-
thology, diagnosis, and treatment of the diseases of
the respiratory organs.
The present faculty is: Charles D. Pearson, A.M.,
M.D. Professor of Diseases of the Nervous System ;
W. S. Haymond, M.D., Dean, Professor of the Prin-
ciples and Practice of Surgery ; John Moffett, M.D.,
Professor of Obstetrics; R. E. Houghton, M.D.,
Professor of Surgical Pathology, Operative and
Clinical Surgery; G. C. Smythe, A.M., M.D., Pro-
fessor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and
Sanitary Science; Joseph Eastman, M.D., Secretary,
Professor of Medical and Surgical Diseases of
Women, and of Clinical Surgery ; George N. Duzan,
M.D., Professor of Physiology and Clinical jMedi-
cine; R. French Stone, M.D., Professor of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics, and Clinical Medicine ; Ira
A. E. Lyons, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Eye
and Ear ; John A. Sutcliffe, A.M., M.D., Professor
of Anatomy and Genito-Urinary Diseases ; Philip S.
Baker, A.M., M.D., Professor of Chemistry and
Toxicology ; W. 11. Thomas, M.D., Demonstrator of
Anatomy and Lecturer on Osteology ; J. I. Rooker,
M.D., Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis ; Hon. John
Coburn, Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence ; J. T.
Barker, M.D., Lecturer on Physiology; S. E. Earp,
M.S., M.D., Demonstrator of Chemistry; Canada
Button, M.D., Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy ;
John B. Long, M.D., Assistant Demonstrator of
Anatomy and Curator of the Museum; Thomas
Low, Janitor.
Hon. William S. Haymond, M.D.— The family
of Dr. Haymond are of English descent. His grand-
father was William Haymond, who was born in
Frederick County, Md., and at an early day followed
the profession of a surveyor. He was deputized soon
after the Revolutionary war, in which he participated,
to make surveys in behalf of the State in West Vir-
ginia, and before embarking on this expedition passed
an examination as to his qualifications at William
and Mary College, Virginia. He was endowed with
rare mathematical ability, and wrote a practical and
original treatise on trigonometry which was never pub-
lished. He married Cassandra Cleland, and later Mary
Powers. Among his children was Cyrus Haymond,
born near the town of Clarksburg, in West Virginia,
who followed the business of surveying and farming
until he became an octogenarian. Though enjoying
but ordinary advantages of education, he possessed
great natural ability, which, combined with strict in-
tegrity, won for him a position of influence in the
community. He married Jane Sommerville, who was
born in Ireland, and came to America when but five
years of age. Their children were three sons,— Wil-
liam S., Thomas A., and Sydney, the eldest of whom,
William S., the subject of this sketch, was born on
\
'^"'«^lySa„^i &^-<""-
TTZ'^^-t^^
<-l^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
291
the 20th of February, 1826, in Harrison County,
near Clarksborough, Ind., where his early years were
passed. His early education was gained at a lo"
school-house of primitive construction. These limited
opportunities stimulated a desire for further study and
the possession of a greater number of books than
were then at his command. He at the a"-e of eigh-
teen engaged in teaching, meanwhile pursuing his
studies and becoming proficient in the science of
mathematics. For a limited period surveying and
engineering engaged his time and energies, after
which, at the age of twenty-three, he began the study
of medicine at Clarksburg, Va., with Dr. John
Edmondson of that place. He attended two courses
of lectures at the Medical College of Cincinnati, and
later became a student of the Bellevue Hospital
Medical College, graduating from both of these insti-
tutions. He chose Monticello, Ind., as an advan-
tageous point for a young practitioner, and having
met with success in his practice remained thus located
until 1877. Dr. Haymond rapidly rose in his pro-
fession and soon took rank among the leading phy-
sicians of the county, established a reputation for
skill in surgery, to which branch of practice he has
since devoted special attention. He has also con-
tributed many able and valuable papers to the medi-
cal journals of the day on subjects of peculiar interest
to the profession. His range of study has not been
confined to the sciences and mathematics, but in its
scope has included the languages, in several of which
he is proficient. He served during the war of the
Rebellion as assistant surgeon of the Forty-sixth Indi-
ana Volunteers, and was for weeks stationed at Fort
Pillow. During his service he was on several occa-
sions detailed for important duty at general hospitals.
He was in 1874, as a Democrat, elected a member of
the Forty-fourth Congress, and served on the Com-
mittees on Banking and Currency, bringing much
financial ability and judgment to bear in the dis-
charge of his duties. He distinguished himself as a
speaker, his eulogy on the death of Speaker Kerr
having been pronounced the finest literary efibrt of
the occasion. Other speeches, on the subject of
finance, internal improvements, etc., attracted marked
attention. The doctor is a member of the White
County Medical Society, of the Marion County Medi-
cal Society, of the Tri-State Medical Society, and of
the Indiana State Medical Society. He is professor
of the principles and practice of surgery in the
Central College of Physicians and Surgeons of Indian-
apolis, and dean of the fticulty. He is also actively
engaged in practice in that city. Dr. Haymond
was, in 1853, married to Miss Mary M., daughter of
Abel T. Smith, of White County, Ind. Both the
doctor and Mrs. Haymond are members of the Cen-
tral Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of Indian-
apolis.
Among the arrivals of the last thirty or thirty-five
years have been a number of physicians who now
hold or have lately held the first places in public
estimation and patronage. Among these, and specially
noted for his treatment of cancer without the use of
the knife, is Dr. E. Howard, who has maintained a
cancer hospital on his system of treatment, on South
Illinois Street near Georgia, for a quarter of a cen-
tury or more.
Edward Howard, M.D., is of English, Scotch,
and Irish ancestry, and the son of G-eorge Howard,
who was born in Germany, and having at the age of
sixteen emigrated to America, settled in Cincinnati,
Ohio, where ho followed the butcher's craft until his
later removal to Warren County, Ohio, where he cul-
tivated a farm during the remainder of his life. He
was married to Miss Susan Pierce, and had children
(nine in number), as follows : Nancy, George, Mary,
Elizabeth, Sarah, Edward, Washington, Susan, and
Noble P. Edward, of this number, was born in
'Warren County, Ohio, on the 21st of February,
1815, and prior to his fifteenth year resided in the
county of his birth. He was then apprenticed to
David Taylor, of Middletown, Ohio, and served three
years at the trade of a saddler, after which he pur-
sued this vocation in the city of Cincinnati. He
became, in 1835, a resident of Decatur County, Ind.,
and general manager for the business of Thomas G.
Anderson. The doctor continued thus employed
until the fall of 1836, when he was married to Miss
Clarissa, daughter of Nathaniel Lewis, M.D., of the
same county, the ceremony having occurred on the
8th of September of that year. Their children are
292
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
two sons, — Lewis N. and William O. Dr. Howard
soon after began and continued the study of medicine
with Dr. Lewis for four years, after which he engaged
in general practice in Decatur County, Ind. In 1855
he came to Indianapolis and opened an ofifice as a
specialist in the treatment of cancer and chronic dis-
eases. He has for twenty'eighl years resided in the
capital of the State, and during this time followed
his specialty with signal success and performed some
remarkable cures. The condition of many of his
patients, who after a period of thirty years from the
time of treatment are enjoying excellent health, is a
sufficient tribute to his ability and skill. His son
Lewis N. is associated with his father in his special
branch of practice. Dr. Howard is in his political
convictions free from partisan feeling, and chooses for
office men of integrity and ability, irrespective of
party ties. He has never participated in the exciting
scenes of a political campaign, and does not aspire to
the honors of office. He is in religion a supporter
of all religious denominations, but more especially of
the Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Howard is a
member.
To the same period belong Dr. George W. New
and Dr. Alois D. Gall.
George W. New, M.D. — The grandfather of Dr.
New was Jethro New, a native of Kent County,
Del., who was born Sept. 20, 1757. He served
under Gen. Washington in the war of Independence,
and was one of the guard over the unfortunate
Andre, whose execution he witnessed. He married
Sarah Bowman, also a native of Kent County, Del.,
the mother of Elder John Bowman New, who was*
born in Guilford County, N. C, on the 7th of No-
vember, 1793. Soon after Mr. and Mrs. New re-
moved to Franklin County, Ky., and later took up
land in Owen County, where their son received his
earliest rudimentary instruction. Subsequently he
served in the war of 1812. The religious sentiment
was early developed in him, and formed the control-
ling element in his later career. He received re-
ligious instruction with great readiness of mind,
and at a very tender age became a Christian. At
the age of sixteen he conceived the idea of becoming
a preacher of the gospel. This plan was eventually
carried into execution, and Elder New became one
of the most devout and earnest of the pioneer
preachers of the State of Indiana. His exhortations
were effective, his style argumentative, his manner
eccentric. His area of usefulness was widely ex-
tended, while his bold and fearless defense of the
truth gave him a commanding influence in various
parts of the State where he was accustomed to labor.
He married Miss Maria Chalfant on the 19th of
February, 1818.
Their son, George W. New, was born in Madison,
Ind., on the 27th of February, 1819, and early
removed to Vernon, Ind., where his youth was
spent. He received an academic education, the
intervals from study having been spent in labor on
the farm or in the shop of a neighboring cabinet-
maker. From 1836 to 1838 he became interested
in the study of forestry and botany, and in 1837
began the study of medicine under Dr. W. Clinton
Thompson, of Indianapolis. After a thorough course
he graduated at the Medical College of Ohio in the
spring of 1840. He chose Greensburg, Ind., as the
field of his earliest professional labors, and formed a
copartnership with Dr. Abram Carter, a student of
Dr. B. W. Dudley, of Lexington, Ky., a physician
of repute. Dr. New was, on the 1st of November,
1841, married to Miss Adelia, daughter of Dr.
Carter. Their children are Frank R., born June 14,
1843, and Orlando, whose birth occurred Sept. 1,
1845, the latter of whom is deceased. The doctor
when he settled in Greensburg was the only graduate
in the county, and speedily attained a practice which
extended to the adjacent counties, having performed
all the surgical operations for a wide area of territory.
He removed in 1860 to Indianapolis, and in April,
1861, during the late war, entered the army as sur-
geon of the Seventh Regiment Infantry, Indiana
Volunteers, receiving the first commission as surgeon
issued by Governor Morton. After three months'
service in West Virginia, where he dressed the first
amputated leg of the war and attended the first
wounded Federal colonel, the regiment was reor-
ganized and the doctor continued as its surgeon.
He followed the fortunes of this regiment until the
fall of 1864, and no case of surgery under his charge
ALOIS D. GALL.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
293
proved fatal, though he had the supervision of an
operating table on the occasion of every battle.
During this time he was surgeon-in-chief both of a
brigade and of a corps. In the fall of 1864 he was
commissioned by Governor Morton Military Agent
of Indiana, and assigned to the Department of the
Gulf, with headquarters at New Orleans. At the
close of the war he was commissioned by the Sec-
retary of the Treasury examiner of drugs for the
port of New Orleans, and returned to Indianapolis
in 1867, after an absence of six and a half years,
where he has since engaged in the active pursuit
of his profession. He is a member of the American
Medical Association and of the State Medical So-
ciety. He is also connected with the Masonic fra-
ternity. The doctor was formerly a Whig in his
political convictions, but may now be spoken of as
a conservative Republican, though with little taste for
the active and exciting scenes of a political cam-
paign. In religion he became in early life a member
of the Christian Church.
Alois D. Gall, M.D., who at the time of his
death stood in the front rank of the medical profes-
sion in the West, was of German birth and parentage.
He was the son of Alois D. Gall, who resided in
Wiel-die-Stadt, Wiirtemberg, whose life was passed
in mercantile pursuits. The subject of this brief bio-
graphical sketch was born in the above-mentioned
town March 16, 1814, and there the early years of
his life were spent. With a decided bent for learning
and an aptness in acquiring knowledge, he went to
Stuttgart, and there continued his studies. On com-
pleting his course his young and adventurous spirit,
which desired an expansion it could not then find in
his own country, prompted him to seek in the United
States a field for the exercise of his abilities. In
1842, therefore, he came to this country and settled
in Green Bay, Wis., where he purchased land, and
where he remained for one year, after which he
removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., and studied medicine
with Dr. Gross. Previous to emigrating to this
country he had married in Stuttgart, in 1839, Caro-
line E. Hock, of that city, and with this willing help-
meet in a strange laud they climbed the hill together.
After his graduation in medicine his first medical
service was at Zellianoble, Pa., whence, after a year
of active and laborious practice, he removed to Slip-
pery Rock, in the same State, and subsequently to
Portersville, also in Pennsylvania. The struggles of
the young physician need not be here enumerated.
The early days of his practice in those villages of
the Keystone State were a rugged discipline that
gave him strength and courage for other and larger
fields in the years to come, and enabled him to bear
greater responsibilities. In 1847 he removed to In-
dianapolis, where he at once established a successful
practice which was continued until 1853, when he
was appointed United States consul at Antwerp, Bel-
gium, which position he held through the adminis-
trations of Presidents Pierce and Buchanan. In this
responsible position he merited and received the
hearty approbation of his government and of all her
citizens with whom he came in contact, discharging
all the duties of his office with honor to himself and
credit to the power he represented. As an illus-
tration of this, it may be said that he was immensely
popular with all American captains who put in at the
port of Antwerp, and that, as an expression of their
appreciation of his fidelity to the United States and
the interests of her citizens abroad, they presented
him a beautiful and elaborately wrought gold-headed
cane, which he always counted among the chief of
his treasures. In 1860 he returned to Indianapolis,
to be met with the warmest greetings of old and
appreciative friends, and resumed his professional
labors. In 1861, feeling the call of duty, he entered
the army as surgeon of the Thirteenth Indiana Regi-
ment. Within a brief period he was appointed
brigade surgeon, and later, his ripe experience as a
physician and surgeon becoming known, medical di-
rector of Gen. Peck's corps. After three years of
arduous duty in the field, resulting in the impairment
of his health, he resigned. Previous to returning
home the officers of his regiment, who well knew his
army services and the self-sacrificing spirit in which
they had been given, presented him a magnificent
sword as a testimonial of their appreciation and
esteem.
Returning to civil life, he again entered upon the
duties of his profession, which continued to engross
294
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
his time and talents until his death, which occurred
on the 11th of February, 1867, of apoplexy, after a
brief illness. He was a member of Centre Lodge,
Free and Accepted Masons, of Indianapolis, of the
Chapter, and of Raper Commandery, No. 1, Knights
Templar, of which he was at one time generalissimo.
Though always a stanch Democrat politically, and
much relied upon in the counsels of that party, he
cared nothing for the honors and emoluments of office
for himself, his inclination and duty keeping him in
the path of his profession.
Dr. Gall was of a warm and sanguine temperament,
and genial as summer to his friends, whose name was
legion. To the younger members of the profession
was this kindliness most freely given, and his en-
couragement, advice, and assistance many of the
most prosperous of the Indianapolis physicians of
to-day now hold as a sweet and pleasant recollection.
There are numerous anecdotes of his medical forti-
tude and heroism current in the profession to-day,
for he was a man who shirked uo duty and was
absolutely without fear.
Dr. Alois D. Gall and his widow, who survives
him, had children, — Bertha (Mrs. Fred. P. Rush),
born in Stuttgart, John Wallace Albert, born in
18-t2, in Green Bay, Wis., Edmund F., born in
1846, at Portersville, Pa., and Louis Washington,
born in 1850, in Indianapolis, who died in 1851. A
niece. Miss Carrie Gall, born in Memphis, Tenn., has
since her childhood resided in the family.
In 1855, as noted in the sketch of the history of
the press. Dr. John C. Walker was one of the pro-
prietors and editors of the Sentinel. He remained
in the city much of the time till 1862 or 1863, when
his political views and conduct suggested a temporary
residence abroad. He was elected State printer in
1859. Returning some few years ago, he practiced
his profession in the city till he received an impor-
tant position in the Insane Asylum, where he re-
mained till his death last year.
Hon. John C. Walker, M.D.— The Walkers
were of Scotch-Irish stock, and emigrated to Penn-
sylvania early in the seventeenth century. Benjamin
Walker, a veteran soldier of the Revolution, at the
close of the war returned to his home, on the Susque-
hanna, near Harrisburg. In some trouble with the
Indians his father was captured, murdered, and, it
was said, burned at the stake. Peace having been
restored, a band of Indians encamped near the town,
and one night two of them were overheard by Benja-
min Walker relating the circumstance of the murder
of his father. When the Indians departed he and
his brother followed, overtook them, and after a des-
perate encounter killed both. The fight began near
a high bank overlooking the river, Benjamin and his
adversary rolling into the water below, where he suc-
ceeded in drowning the latter. This afiair having
occurred in time of peace, Benjamin Walker was out-
lawed by proclamation of the Governor, and with his
wife (a Miss Crawford) and several small children
embarked in canoes on the Ohio River and ultimately
reached Dearborn County, Ind. He secured prop-
erty, established a saw; and later a grist-mill. At his
home, on Laughery Creek, he was frequently visited
by Daniel Boone, the celebrated hunter. _He reared
a large family of children, among whom was John C.
Walker, a prominent citizen and member of the State
Senate, who married Frances Allen, of Virginia, and
resided for a period of years at Shelbyville, Ind.
He was a large contractor in the building of the
Michigan pike road, and with the land-scrip in which
the contractors were paid purchased large tracts in
La Porte and adjoining counties. At one time he
was said to be the largest land-owner in the State.
He was an incorporator, with John Hendricks, of
Shelbyville, George H. Dunn, and John Test, of Law-
renceburg, and others, of the first railroad built in
Indiana, the Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis, char-
tered Feb. 2, 1832. A condition of the charter was
that the work should be under way within three
years. The difficulties and delays incident to so
great an enterprise at that early day seemed to
threaten a forfeiture of the charter, to avert which
John C. Walker threw up a grade, laid ties, and put
down rails of hewn timber for a mile and a quarter
from Shelbyville, and with a wooden car drawn by
horses opened the road for passenger travel on the
4th of July, 1834. "Walker's Railroad" is still
remembered by many old citizens.
He removed with his family to La Porte, Ind., in
£^U^M. ^AfuM^^^.
I
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
295
1836, and died ten years later. The children of
Mr. and Mrs. Walker were William, James (de-
ceased), and Benjamin, of Chicago ; Mrs. McCoy, of
California ; Mrs. Cummins and Mrs. Holcombe, of
Indianapolis ; Mrs. Teal (deceased), of Shelbyville,
Ind. ; Mrs. Ludlow and Mrs. Garland Rose (both
deceased), of La Porte, Ind. ; and the subject of
this sketch. Dr. John C. Walker, who was born in
Shelbyville, Ind., on the 11th of February, 1828.
He was educated by his brother-in-law. Professor
F. P. Cummins, an eminent teacher and minister.
He possessed a strong and active intellect, was a good
student and diligent reader, and, though his regular
studies were interrupted by an injury to his eyes, he
acquired a large store of information and varied
accomplishments.
Early in his career he purchased the La Porte
Times, which, as editor and proprietor, he made the
most influential paper in Northern Indiana. It was
the first paper in the State, perhaps in the country,
to antagonize the methods and dogmas of the Know-
Nothing party, then becoming powerful for evil. Its
editor was soon recognized as a man of mark. He
was elected to the Legislature of 1853, and took a
high rank in that body. One of his reports was pub-
lished in full by State Superintendent Larrabee in his
edition of the school laws, with the following intro-
ductory note : " In order to explain in the best man-
ner possible the act of March 4, 1853, amending the
school law, I would call attention to the following
clear, concise, and beautiful report made to the House
of Representatives by Mr. John C. Walker, of La
Porte, chairman of the Committee on Education."
He was then twenty-three years of age. In March,
1855, he purchased, with Charles Cottom, now of
the New Albany Ledger, the Indianapolis Sentinel,
which he edited for nearly a year, making it, though
at a heavy loss financially, a powerful party organ.
In 1856 he was nominated for Lieutenant-Governor
on the ticket with the eloquent Wiliard, but being
under the constitutional age he was obliged to with-
draw. A. A. Hammond, who was substituted in his
place, became Governor of Indiana by the untimely
death of Governor Wiliard. Resuming control of
the La Porte Times, he was chosen by his party, in
1858, to make the race for Congress against Schuyler
Colfax, then editor of the South Bend Tribune.
This contest resulting unfavorably, he began prepar-
ing for the notable campaign of 1860, in which he
played a distinguished and honorable part, support-
ing with vigor and success, and against powerful
opponents, the Douglas wing of the party.
Col. John C. Walker was a War Democrat, and
took the first opportunity to enter the service of the
Union. He was elected to command the Thirty-fifth
Indiana Volunteers by the captains of the regiment
in the fall of 1861, and with it went to the field
early in the winter thereafter. For a while he was
stationed near Bardstown, Ky., where he soon estab-
lished a high character among his brother-officers and
the people of that town and neighborhood. He was,
while there, and as early as Jan. 17, 1862, a member
of a board for. the examination of officers touching
their qualifications and fitness for the service, and in
that capacity evinced a large knowledge of tactics and
the details of the military art. He displayed great
ability as a drill-officer and disciplinarian, and brought
his regiment rapidly to a high state of efficiency in all
soldierly qualities. From Bardstown he was ordered
farther South, and in the spring and summer of 1862
was employed constantly in active service in Tennessee,
marching over much of that great State. His last
service was performed without orders from any supe-
rior, but under the highest instincts and most chival-
ric sense of soldierly honor, in marching with his
regiment forty miles to Murfreesborough when that
place was about to be attacked. For this gallant act
he "received the formal and written approval of Gen.
Buell." He was soon after stricken down with typhoid
fever, and his health, never very robust, required
relaxation and rest. His commanding officer, under
these circumstances, gave him leave to return to In-
diana. He did so, and while at his home, at La Porte,
Governor Morton, without the slightest intimation of
any fault in his career as an officer or ofi'ense at his
presence at home, procured his dismissal or discharge
from the army. Not for disloyalty, not for incompe-
tence, not for cowardice was this done. He was the
very heau ideal of a soldier, and a thousand men per-
haps yet live in Indiana who can say that no Bayard
296
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ever rode against the enemy with a more splendid
courage. His discharge bore date Aug. 6, 1862,
when he had been in service nearly a year. He had
established a high character for courage and eflBclency
as an officer, and without a stain upon his record he
was ruthlessly stricken down. The act was an aston-
ishment to himself and his friends; and when he had
vainly tried to procure justice he accepted the inevita-
ble, but not with resignation.
Being in New iTork as agent of State at the time
of the culmination of his difficulties, he arranged for
a complete and honorable settlement of his accounts
with the State, and went to Europe, where ho re-
mained till 1872. In London he studied medicine at
King's College, and married Miss Laura Seymour,
daughter of Harry Marchmont Seymour, an ofiBcer
of the British navy. Their children are Reginald
John Crawford, Evangeline Fanny Hortense, and
Mary Ethel McCoy.
After his return to this country he continued his
studies at the Indiana Medical College, from which
he obtained the doctor's degree. He settled in Shel-
byville, and there successfully practiced his profession
till 1879, when he was appointed assistant physician
in the Hospital for the Insane. In that institution
he died on Saturday, April 14, 1883, at about eleven
o'clock, of quick consumption, superinduced by dia-
betes, with which he had suffered for more than a year.
He was a man of a most noble nature, chivalrous
in his devotion to principle and friends, fair and not
implacable to his enemies. His intellectual ability
was of a high order. He was thoroughly well in-
formed, a pleasant conversationalist, a delightful com-
panion, full of reminiscences of great men and stir-
ring times. He possessed a decided literary gift, was
a facile and vigorous political writer, and sometimes
practiced his pen in poetry. A many-sided man,
endowed by nature with noble and delightful talents,
he was, in the best sense of the words, a gallant
gentleman. Mrs. Walker, his widow, now fills the
position of matron of the male department of the
Hospital for the Insane at Indianapolis.
Samuel M. Brown, M.D. — The earlier members
of the Brown family, who are of English descent,
settled in South Carolina. His father, John Brown,
was born Feb. 14, 1791, and resided in Abbeville
district of that State, where he was an enterprising
farmer. He was united in marriage to Miss Mar-
garet Miller, of the same district, and had chil-
dren,— Jane, Elizabeth, Nancy, Catherine, and
Samuel M. He contracted a second marriage with
Miss Jane Lyons, and had one son, John. The
death of Mr. Brown occurred March 8, 1864. His
son Samuel M. was born May 27, 1823, in Abbeville
district, S. C, where his early youth was spent. At
the age of twelve he removed with his father to
Clinton County, Ind., where his time was divided
between labor on the farm and attendance at .such
schools as were accessible. The medical profession
offered many attractions to the young man, and in-
duced him to become a student in the office of Dr.
Martin Gentry, of Clinton County, a physician of
ability and experience. During the winters of 1847
and 1848 he attended lectures at the Medical College
of Ohio, in Cincinnati, and in the spring of the
latter year began his professional career at New
Bethel, Marion Co., where he has been since that
date engaged in active practice. He was for many
years the only physician in the place, and found an
extended field of labor requiring not less ability than
unceasing toil. He has been successful in his pro-
fession as the result of industry and thorough knowl-
edge of both the theory and practice of medicine,
while a broad experience has ripened his natural
capabilities. He is a member of the State Medical
Society, and also identified with the Acton Lodge of
Free and Accepted Masons. He was married on the
15th of June, 1852, to Miss Mahala S., daughter of
Henry Brady, of Warren township, Marion Co.
Their children are Henry J., Eldorus 0., Corydon S.,
Arthur V., and Charles, He was married again, Oct.
16, 1869, to Miss Matilda McGaughey, whose chil-
dren are Harry, Edward A., Frank T., and Rachel.
The doctor is in politics a Democrat, and manifests a
lively interest in the success of his party. He was
the nominee of the Democracy for the position of
member of Assembly, but defeated, as a result of the
Republican majority in the district. He is a member
of the New Bethel Baptist Church, and Mrs. Brown
of the Presbyterian Church of Acton.
'7.
!M^y^uc^.y^^,M^Ij^
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
2S7
Samuel McGaughey, M.D.— David McGaughey,
the grandfather of the doctor, was of Scotch-Irish
descent, though a native of Scotland. He married a
Miss Litle, and had five daughters and four sons,
among whom was Robert L., the father of the subject
of this biography. He married Mary Ann, daughter
of Ezekiel Clark, to whom were born six sons and sis
daughters. The birth of Samuel, the third son,
occurred July 22, 1828/ in Franklin County, Ind.,
where his life until his eighteenth year was passed in
the improvement of such educational advantages as
the vicinity afforded. After a brief period of teach-
ing, finding his tastes in harmony with an active pro-
fessional career, he began the study of medicine with
Dr. D. S. McGaughey, of Morristown, Shelby Co.,
lud., under whose preceptorship he continued for three
years. During this time he attended three courses
of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati,
from which institution he graduated in 1851. His
first field of labor was at Palestine, Hancock Co.,
Ind., where he located the following year. He sub-
sequently spent two years in Marietta, Shelby Co.,
and in May, 1856, made Acton, Marion Co., his resi-
dence. He at once engaged in practice of a general
character, which steadily increased until it became
extensive and laborious. He was for a brief period
associated with Dr. P. C. Leavitt, a very successful
practitioner, who served with credit in the army, and
on his return resumed his practice, which was con-
tinued until his death.
Dr. McGaughey is a Republican in politics, though
neither his tastes nor the demands of his profession
Among the oldest of living practitioners, equally
respected in social and professional life, are Dr. John
M. Gaston, somewhat retired since an accident that
crippled him for life some years ago, and cost the
city some ten thousand dollars' damages ; Dr. Frisbie
S. Newcomer, who has served the city in the Council
frequently and well, and served also in the faculty of
one of the medical colleges; Dr. James H. Wood-
burn, also a professor in one of the medical colleges,
superintendent of the Hospital for the Insane, and
an active and valuable member of the City Council ;
Dr. Thaddeus M. Stevens, a native of Indianapolis,
nephew of the celebrated Pennsylvania statesman,
actively connected with all hygienic movements and
boards of health, and the author of more publica-
tions on the hygienic conditions of the city than any
other member of the profession ; Dr. William C.
Thompson, one of the leading moral reformers of
the State, for one term a senator in the Legislature
from this county, and all the time the family physi-
cian of Governor Morton and his attendant in his
last illness : Dr. John M. Dunlap, son of the pioneer
Dr. Livingston Dunlap, for many years an assistant
in the Insane Hospital ; Dr. Theophilus Parvin, now
a professor in the Jefferson Medical College, of Phila-
delphia, but for many years among the most eminent
physicians of. Indiana, and especially distinguished as
a medical writer ; Dr. John M. Kitchen, who has prob-
ably been longer in the practice than any one now
living in the city, but not so long a resident here ;
Dr. James W. Hervey, widely known as a writer on
professional and social questions. Dr. James K. Bige-
lead to active participation in the political events of ' low. Dr. L. D. Waterman, Dr. Charles D. Pearson,
the day. He is identified with the order of Masonry, j Dr. Bryan, Dr. Fred Stein, Dr. D. H. Frank, and Dr.
and a member of Pleasant Lodge, No. 134, of Free
and Accepted Masons, of Acton. He is descended
from Scotch Presbyterian stock, and a member of the
Acton Presbyterian Church, as also one of its trus-
tees. Dr. McGaughey was in 1852 married to Miss
Ann A., daughter of Daniel W. Morgan, to whom
were born children, — Robert and Otto Livingston.
Mrs. McGaughey died in 1857, and he was again
married in 1858 to Miss Mary S. Boal, whose chil-
dren are Rachel, Mellie (deceased), Elizabeth (de-
ceased), Jennie, and Samuel.
W. N. Wishard are of rather later date, coming during
or since the war. Of very recent additions to the
profession here, among natives of the city, Dr. Calvin-
I. Fletcher may be named, with Dr. Frank Morrison,
of the Medical College of Indiana, for a creditable
position ,in graduating and efficient prosecution of
their profession since. The female physicians of the
city during the past year were Annie B. Campbell,
E. A. Daniels, Ella Deneen, Mary A. Ellis, Amanda
M. George, Martha Grimes, Rachel Swain, Elizabeth
Schmidt, and M. F. J. Pointer.
298
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
On the 7th of September, 1870, a stock company
was formed with one hundred thousand dollars capital,
— liable to enlargement at any time, — in twenty-five
dollar shares, to establish an institution for the treat-
ment of deformities, deficiencies, and injuries requir-
ing surgical skill and mechanical appliances. Drs.
Allen and Johnson, of the Surgical Institute, were to
be the surgeons. One share of twenty-five dollars
entitled the holder to nominate one patient for treat-
ment ; one hundred dollars gave the right to an
annual nomination of a patient ; one thousand dollars,
to the nomination of a free bed annually ; and five
thousand dollars, to a perpetual free bed, passing to
heirs or assigns. The intention was to treat the
classes of cases specified as cheaply as possible, or
free if possible, and provide them at the same time
comfortable homes as cheaply as possible. The Sur-
gical Institute seems to have been adopted as the
requisite provision, and sixty patients received in the
first year, fourteen from the city, and the others from
seventeen other counties in the State. The officers
of the association were James M. Ray, President ;
Barnabas C. Hobbs, Addison Daggy, W. P. Johnson,
A. L. Roache, Vice-Presidents ; William H. Turner,
Recording Secretary ; K. H. Boland, Corresponding
Secretary ; John C. New, Treasurer.
The National Surgical Institute was incorporated
on the 24th of July, 1869, under the control of
Dr. Horace R. Allen and Dr. AV. P. Johnson, with
a capital stock, as appears by a publication made
authoritatively in 1876, of five hundred thousand
dollars, with the object of " treating all cases of sur-
gery and chronic diseases ; also of engaging in the
manufacture of surgical and mechanical appliances,
splints, bandages, machinery, and other articles needed
for the treatment of the afflicted ; and also with
authority to teach others the same art." There are
four branches of the Institute, — the Central in In-
dianapolis, the Eas.tern in Philadelphia, the South-
ern in Atlanta, Ga., the Western in San Francisco.
The Central, or Indianapolis division occupies a four-
story block of buildings, covering, with the shops
and subordinate buildings, nearly an acre of ground
on the northeast corner of Georgia and Illinois
Streets. There are sleeping-rooms in the buildings
for three hundred patients. In the machine-shop,
run by a forty-horse engine, are all the machines and
appliances required to make the numerous and varied
forms of apparatus used in the Institute. From
twenty to thirty hands are always employed here,
and the expense oF it is set at seventy-five thousand
dollars a year. The patterns of all the apparatus
used in the myriad forms of deficiency, deformity, and
disease treated are the invention of Dr. Allen, who
has developed " Mechanical Surgery" to a degree that
enabled him when recently in Europe to give some
valuable instruction to the Orthopedic and other
hospitals of the class in England and on the conti-
nent. No less than forty thousand patients have
been treated in the Institute in the fifteen years of
its existence. There is an average of one hundred
and seventy-five patients always under treatment and
living in the establishment. Previous to the location
of the Institute in Indianapolis, it had been main-
tained by Drs. Allen and Johnson at Charleston,
111. It is estimated that it brings to the city every
year ten thousand people as visitors, who pay the
railroads one hundred thousand dollars a year, and
leave in the city, for one expense or another, fully
five hundred thousand dollars. Although organized
as a private enterprise, the Institute is constantly
sought by surgical cases as a public hospital, and there
are treated the frightful injuries of railroad accidents,
the stabs and shots of street rows, the broken limbs of
builders falling from houses, the careles.sly burned by
gas or explosive lighting-oils, and all the many varie-
ties of injury that occur continually in a large and
busy city full of steam machinery and manufacturing
apparatus. If the patient can pay he is expected to
pay. If he cannot or will not, that is the end of it.
Hundreds of dollars of unpaid fees and unexpected
fees are bestowed in gratuitous surgical services
here every week. Dr. Allen, besides his professional
inventions, has invented some valuable agricultural
machinery, and is a liberal contributor to the develop-
ment of the enterprise and business of the city. Dr.
J. A. Minich has been associated with Drs. Allen and
Johnson from the establishment of the Institute here,
and is one of the most skillful and estimable members
of the profession in the city.
CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
299
Dentists. — The earliest practitioner of dentistry
as a specialty was Dr. Joshua Soule, son of Bishop
Soule, of the Methodist Church, who came here as
early as 1832 or 1833, if not earlier. He was town
dork in 1835 and 1836, and in 1837 was a mem-
ber of the Council for the Second Ward and presi-
dent that term, preceding the late Judge Morrison.
The next year he was clerk again. His office was
oil the east side of Illinois Street for a considerable
time, half-way between Maryland and the alley next
the Occidental Hotel. His wife was a sister of Joseph
Lawson, for thirty years or more a sort of town butt
for the boys to have fun with. The next dentist of
whom any distinct memory or record remains was
David Hunt, who came here about 1840, and had
an office in the southwest quadrant of Circle Street
till his death, about 1846 or 1847. His brothers,
Andrew and George, followed in the same business
after his death, and were the principal dentists for
several years before and after 1850. Dr. G. A.
Wells came then, and is now probably the oldest
dentist in continuous practice in the city, with the
exception of Dr. George Hunt. Dr. David Hunt was
probably the first man in the city to make false
teeth singly or in sets forty years or more ago.
The Indiana Dental College was established in
1879, and provided suitable quarters in the upper
stories of the Etna building, on North Pennsylvania
Sireet. The announcement of the fifth term contains
the appended list of members of the faculty : John
H. Oliver, M.D., Professor of Anatomy; Junius E.
Cravens, D.D.S., Professor of Operative Dentistry;
Edward F. Hodges, M.D., Professor of Physiology;
Milton H. Chappell, D.D.S., Professor of Dental
Pathology and Therapeutics; John N. Hurty, M.D.,
Professor of Chemistry ; Thomas S. Hacker, D.D.S.,
Professor of Mechanical Dentistry ; Clinical Profes-
sors, Junius E. Cravens, D.D.S., Thomas S. Hacker,
D.D.S., John H. Oliver, M.D., Clinical Lecturer on
Oral Surgery ; W. S. Wilson, D.D.S., of Brooklyn,
N. Y., Geniral Demonstrator of Practice. With an
ample number of assistants.
The Board of Health is appointed by the Council
and Board of Aldermen at the beginning of every term,
and charged with the especial duty of attending to the
hygienic condition of the city. They see to the clean-
ing of alleys, the removal of refuse, the scraping of
gutters, and whatever they deem necessary to health
or protection against epidemics. The " pest-house,"
a small collection of buildings on the west bank of
Fall Creek, above Indiana Avenue, for the care of
patients with infectious diseases isolated here, is
under the control of the Health Board. The or-
ganization of the board was first made in 1850, but
for some years there was so much ill-feeling between
the members that they did no good till 1854, when
Dr. Jameson became a member and managed to put
the concern in working order. It has continued
with more or less efficiency since, but with more
power and more efiFective service in the last four or
five years than before. The present members are
Dr. Elder, president of the State Board of Health,
Dr. Sutcliffe, and Dr. M. T. Runnells.
The City Dispensary was organized June 10, 1879,
and placed first in the charge of Dr. William B.
Fletcher, now superintendent of the Hospital for the
Insane. The next physician in charge was Dr. C.
A. Ritter; the present one is Dr. J. J. Garver. The
report for the past year is not yet made up, but for
the year before there was shown to have been 3799
patients treated at the office, — now on Ohio Street
opposite the City Library, — 1221 at their homes,
and 80 at the station-house, a total of 5100. Visits
made, 3193; prescriptions furnished, 10,352. The
average cost of each prescriptiou was 12} cents. The
city appropriates annually $1500 to the dispensary,
and the County Board makes a like appropriation of
the same amount. It is a separate institution, in
no way connected with the Bobbs Dispensary, which
is under the direction of the faculty of the Medical
College.
The County Infirmary, or County Asylum,
formerly the poor-house, with a farm of one hun-
dred and sixty acres, is located in Wayne township,
about three miles northwest of the city. The groun-d
was purchased, in 1832, of Elijah Fox. The origi-
nal "poor-house" was Mr. Fox's farm-house, a log
cabin of two rooms. It was enlarged occasionally as
required, chiefly by a large building in 1845. An
addition for pauper insane was made in 1858, but
300
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
in 1869, the accommodations proving inadequate,
the present large and handsome edifice was begun.
The corner-stone was laid on July 28, 1869, and in
October, 1870, the building was dedicated with ap-
propriate ceremonies by the Young Men's Christian
Association. The front is two hundred and four
feet, extreme depth one hundred and eighty-four
feet, height four stories. In the rear is a smaller
building two stories high and twenty-eight by
seventy feet. The first superintendent was Peter
Newland. From 1832 to 1839 a board of directors
were in control, consisting at one time or another of
William McCaw, Gary Smith, James Johnson, Isaac
Pugh, Samuel McCray, George Lockerbie, Thomas
F. Stout. The superintendents and physicians since
1840, when the office was created, will be found in
the list of county officers appended to the history.
The cost of the new buildings was about one hundred
and twenty thou.sand dollars, and the value of the site
about thirty-five thousand dollars.
There are the names of two hundred and forty-two
physicians in the City Directory, of whom nine are
women, besides a score, probably, of women who have
out signs as midwives. There are fewer lawyers than
doctors, — two hundred and two only, — and none of
them are women.
CHAPTER XIII.
MIL1T.\RY MATTERS.
Military Organizations in Indianapolis — Marion County in the
War of tlie Rebellion.
Military Companies. — Military show is as much
an American passion as money-making, and it goes far
to create the military strength sometimes needed for
the enforcement of civil law, and often needed for the
illumination of civic demonstrations that other gov-
ernments obtain by conscription under rigorous mili-
tary systems. We have always had militia systems
in this country, but they never amounted to anything
more than an annual holiday in Indiana, and prac-
tically imposing no duty, imparting no instruction.
serving no end but the electioneering convenience of
ambitious officers, they were treated by the practical
old pioneers with as little consideration as they de-
served. But the lack of effective means of action
could not suppress the inborn love of military show
and glory. No sooner had the annual " musters"
and the system of which they were the visible sign
disappeared, as described by es-Senator Oliver H.
Smith in his " Early Indiana Sketches," and quoted
in a preceding chapter, than the organization of vol-
unteer companies began, with selfimposed rules of
instruction and discipline strict enough to compel
close attention and speedy proficiency. These soon
became an indispensable feature of all popular parades
that were not partisan, and that necessity reinforced
the native military spirit in maintaining them. The
first of these appeared in Indianapolis about the time
the last militia muster disappeared. It was organ-
ized, or steps taken to that end, on the 22d of Feb-
ruary, 1837. Col. A. W. Russell, of the " Bloody
Three Hundred," was elected the first captain. The
uniform was of gray cloth with black-velvet trim-
mings, large bell-shaped black-leather hats of the
"grenadier" style, with brass plates and chains and
black pompons. It was a neat uniform, and not
more stiff and cumbrous than was deemed necessary
to military efficiency in that day, when the loose
blouse and light cap of our civil war would have
thrown a martinet of the Steuben school into a fit.
Col. or Capt. Russell had not the time to do much
for the company, so the following year Thomas A.
Morris, then a West Point graduate of three or four
years' maturity, was made captain, and he speedily
made the company. It rarely turned out more than
fifty men for parade on the most momentous occasions,
but their exact step, accurate poise and handling of
arms, scrupulous cleanliness of dress and brilliance
of weapons, and their precision in all evolutions,
made them a " show" that a boy would play " hook-
ey" to see when he would not even to go skating or
haw-hunting. The court-house yard was the drill-
ground and the parade-ground usually, but frequently
Washington Street was made a more conspicuous
show-place, and all the movements then known to
military art were practiced there. Capt. (now Gen.)
{J/, a. ^?7z^rr'r^
MILITARY MATTERS.
301
Morris possessed the natural qualities of a military
commander, developed by a thorough course of in-
struction at West Point, and when the civil war
broke out they made him of inestimable value to
Governor Morton's irrepressible but inexperienced
energy. He was the commander of all the Indiana
regiments in the three months' service, and thus
in command of the first West Virginia campaign,
where all were sent, which he planned and won be-
fore Gen. McClellan knew more of it than he could
learn from the papers. The latter absorbed the
credit of it, and became commander-in-chief by
luckily reaching the field about a week before the
end of it, and proved before Richmond, as well as
Rich Mountain, that his glory was a second-hand
acquisition.
Gen. Thomas Armstrong Morris is the third
son of Morris and Rachel Morris, and was born in
Nicholas County, Ky., Dec. 26, 1811. In 1821 his
parents removed to Indianapolis, then a settlement of
a few families and designated as the place where
the State capital was to be. In 1823 he began to
learn the printer's art, and found employment on a
newspaper which is now the Indianapolis Journal.
The boy continued at his trade for three years, and
became an excellent printer, which in those days in-
cluded the " theory and practice" of hand-press work
as well as type-setting. He was then sent to school,
and at nineteen years of age appointed to a cadetship
at West Point, for which place he started on horse-
back to Cincinnati, whence the route east was by way
of the Ohio River. He was graduated in 1834,
standing fourth in a class of thirty-six, and imme-
diately brevetted second lieutenant of the First Artil-
lery, in the regular army. After about one year's
service at Fort Monroe, Va., and Fort King, Fla.,
he was detailed by the War Department to assist
Maj. Ogden, of the engineer corps, in constructing
the National road in Indiana and Illinois, and had
charge of the division between Richmond and Indi-
anapolis, Ind. This was the first turnpike road in
the State. After a year he resigned from the United
States service and was resident engineer in the Indi-
ana State service, having charge of the construction
of the Central Canal during this period. From 1841
to 1847 he was chief engineer of the Madison and
Indianapolis Railroad, and built it after its abandon-
ment by the State at "Vernon from that point to Indi-
anapolis. This was the first railroad in the State.
From 1847 to 1852 he was chief engineer of the
Terre Haute and Richmond Railroad, connecting
Terre Haute and Indianapolis, and now part of the
" Vandalia." During the same time he was chief
engineer of the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Rail-
road, now part of the " Bee Line." From 1852 to
1854 he was chief engineer of the Indianapolis and
Cincinnati Railroad, and from 1854 to 1857 its presi-
dent. From 1857 to 1859 he was president of the
Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Railroad, and from
1859 to 1861 chief engineer of the Indianapolis and
Cincinnati Railroad. At the beginning of the war
he was appointed by Governor Morton quartermaster-
general of the State, and as such had charge of the
equipment of Indiana's first regiments, which were
so promptly in the field. As general, he commanded
the first brigade of troops from the State. He was
in the West Virginia campaign, and commanded at
the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill, and Carrick's
Ford, all of which he won. His first battle, that of
Philippi, was the first conflict of the war of the Re-
bellion. At the termination of the three months'
service assurance was given Gen. Morris that he
should immediately receive, promotion to a major-
general's command. This was delayed and a briga-
dier-general's commission offered him, which he
declined, as also a junior major-general's commission,
believing his services to have been worthy a more
speedy recognition. From 1862 to 1866 he was
chief engineer of the Indianapolis and Cincinnati
Railroad, and during that time built the road from
Lawrenceburg to Cincinnati. From 1866 to 1869
he was president and chief engineer of the Indianap-
olis and St. Louis Railroad, building the road from
Terre Haute to Indianapolis. From 1869 to 1872 he
was receiver of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati and La-
fayette Railroad, and in 1 877 was appointed as one
of the commissioners to select plans and superintend
the construction of the new State capitol, — the same
position his father held nearly half a century ago
with reference to the old State capitol, which was
304
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
a company of Zouave Cadets yas formed, and in Oc-
tober the Zouave Guards, Capt. John Fahnestock.
The former continued for a year or two, with Capt.
George H. Marshall, but mostly entered tlie national
army at one lime or another. The latter went into
the Eleventh Regiment as Company K. When the
call for troops was made by Governor Morton, these
four companies — the Guards. Grays, Zouaves, and
Zouave Guards — filled up and were all in camp by
the 17th of April. This was quick work. The
President's proclamation calling for seventy-five thou-
sand men was issued April 15, 1861. Governor Mor-
ton's calling for the State's quota of six regiments
was issued next day, the 16th, and these four compa-
nies filled to their limit and went into camp on the 17tli.
After the close of the war there appeared to be
little disposition to play at soldiering. There had
been too much of the real thing to make an imita-
tion an amusement. A battalion of National Guards
was soon after organized, however, largely composed
of veterans ; but in a couple of years it went to
pieces, and in 1870 only one company was left, with
an independent Irish company called the Emmett
Guards. Within the last half-dozen years there has
been a revival of military feeling, and several com-
panies have been organized here. The exertions of
Adjutant Carnahan have put the volunteer companies
of the State in better condition than they have ever
been before; the encampments and prize-drills held at
Indianapolis annually, inviting a great many compa-
nies from all parts of the State and from other States,
contributing effectively to that end. The Indianapo-
lis companies now are the following :
The Indianapolis Light Infantry. Captain, James
R. Ross ; First Lieutenant, William McKee ; Sec-
ond Lieutenant, R. F. Scott.
The Richardson Zouaves. Captain, B. F. Rich-
ardson ; First Lieutenant, W. J. Kercheval ; Second
Lieutenant, H. J. Haldrick.
Tecumseh Rifles. Captain, E. J. Griffith ; First
Lieutenant, Frank Richards ; Second Lieutenant, 0.
S. Todd.
The Streight Rifles. Captain, Lawson Seaton ;
First Lieutenant, W. H. Murphy ; Second Lieuten-
ant, G. W. Davis.
The Indianapolis Light Artillery. Captain, George
W. Johnson.
At the first grand encampment and prize-drill held
iiore, under the management of the " Raper Com-
mandery" of the Masonic order, but directed wholly
by Gen. Carnahan, July 4, 1882 (with some days
preceding), there were in attendance from other
States the Crescent Rifles, of New Orleans (took
second prize in the competitive drill) ; the Louisi-
ana Rifles, of the same city ; the Chickasaw Guards,
of Memphis, Tenn. (took the first prize in the
competitive drill) ; ■ the Porter Rifles, Nashville,
Tenn. ; the Quapaw Guards, from Little Rock,
Ark. ; Company G of the First Missouri Regiment ;
two other Missouri companies; one company from
Geneva, N. Y. ; four companies from Illinois ; three
companies from Ohio ; two companies from Michi-
gan ; two batteries from New Orleans ; one battery
from Nashville, Tenn. ; one from Louisville, Ky. ;
one battery from Danville, III. ; one battery from
Chicago, 111. ; two batteries from St. Louis, Mo. ;
one battery from Greencastle, Ind. ( Asbury Cadets,
took first prize in artillery drill) ; the Indianapolis
Light Infantry, and eighteen companies from other
parts of Indiana.
At the encampment of Aug. 17, 1883, most of
the companies from other States were here that at-
tended the first one, with the Light Infantry, from
Paris, III., the Branch Guards, of St. Louis, and
one or two other St. Louis companies. The first
prize in drilling was taken by the Indianapolis Light
Infantry ; the second, by the Branch Guards, of St.
Louis. There were thirty-six Indiana companies in
attendance. Besides these displays of military spirit
and efficiency, there are occasionally parades of the
veterans of the war, when general meetings of the
Grand Army of the Republic are held at the capital.
The Raper Comniandery of Knights Templar the
past year attended the competitive drill and parade
of the order in San Francisco, and carried oS the
second prize, a mounted knight in bronze with gold
trappings and armor, set upon a pedestal of gold-bear-
ing quartz, and valued at two thousand five hundred
dollars. The latest phase of the military spirit of
Indianapolis is the project of building an armory
MILITARY MATTERS.
305
adequate to the needs of all the companies, with a
vast parade-room and public hall capable of seating
seven or eight thousand people. Up to the beginning
of 1884, however, it bad not taken on the form of
definite action.
The Arsenal. — One of the material results of the
war afiecting the city especially was the establishment
here of the United States -Arsenal, the suggestion,
doubtless, of that established -and conducted by Gov-
ernor Morton during the war to supply our troops with
animuniliop.- The'.central situation of the city and
the conspic,uous" services of Governor Morton readily
developed- the suggestion into action. Authority was
given by an act of Congress of 1862, and a temporary
establishment made in March, 1863, by the late Wil-
liam Y. Wiley, captain and storekeeper, in a building
on the corner of Delaware and Maryland Streets.
He remained in charge at this place 'till 1870, when
he resigned. The site for the permanent arsenal
was selected by Gen. Buckingham, and work upon
the buildings commenced in August, 1863. They
were all completed and occupied by 1867-68. There
are seven buildings, upon seventy-six acres of ground,
fronting southward on the eastward extension of
Michigan Street, and entered directly from Arsenal
Avenue, running nearly a half-mile north from
Washington Street to the main gate of the grounds.
The distance to Circle Park is a mile and a half
The main building, for the storage of small-arms
(shown in the cut), is one hundred and eighty-three
feet long by sixty-three wide, three stories high, with
a square tower in the centre containing an excellent
public clock. The artillery store-house is two stories
high, and two hundred and one feet long by fifty-two
wide. The office is forty-three feet long by twenty-
two wide, and one story high. The barracks for
enlisted men are two stories high, eleven hundred
and five feet long by thirty-two wide. Two sets of
officers' quarters, eighty feet by forty, two and a half
stories high. One set of officers' quarters, forty-
seven feet long by twenty-eight wide, one story and
a half high. The magazine is banked about with
earth, and covered with sod and shrubbery, making
the most striking feature of the grounds. These
have been tastefully laid out with walks and shrub-
20
bery and carriage drives, and Pogues Creek helps the
general effect of picturesqueness by running for a
quarter of a mile acro?s the northwest corner.
Propositions have been made to Congre.-^s to donate
the grounds and buildings to the State or city for
educational purposes, in case it was determined to
abandon the arsenal here, for the maintenance of
which there appears to be no very cogent argument.
The arsenal gun every morning at six o'clock and
the evening gun at sunset have come to be as familiar
sounds in the city as the whistle of locomotives.
The Civil War.— From the secession of South
Carolina to the attack on Fort Sumter, opinion was
divided in Indiana on the measures to be taken with
the seceded States. The more demonstrative and
probably stronger division, led by Governor Morton,
held it the duty of the government to reduce the
disobedient States by force, proceeding by aggressive
warfare, invasion, and destruction of life and prop-
erty, as in the case of any other public enemy. The
other division, represented by John R. Cravens, David
C. Branham, and the Journal, under the direction
of B. R. Sulgrove, thought that an aggressive war
on the part of the government, which would make
it strike the first blow and shed the first blood,
while the South acted only by ordinances and reso-
lutions, would force all the boi'der States into the
Confederacy, repel the sympathy of Europe, and
probably induce alliances there, consolidate Demo-
cratic sympathy in the North with secession, and
present a front of hostility against which the govern-
ment might be broken hopelessly. Considering the
condition of Indiana after the elections of 1862, — and
Indiana was no worse than other States, — and the
course of the Legislature of 1863, and the active sym-
pathy with the rebellion that made draft riots all over
the country, with numerous murders of draft officers,
and considering, further, our narrow escape from an
English war in the Trent case, it is now far from
clear that the aggressive policy would have been wise
or successful. But all diff'erences were blown to
pieces by the first gun fired ai Maj. Anderson's little
garrison. Those who differed about aggression could
have no difference about resisting aggression. North-
ern feeling united instantly and solidly upon war.
306
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
not only to preserve the Union, but to preserve its
own government from subversion by one with " sla-
very for its corner-stone." A general outburst of
resentment upon the announcement of the attack on
Sumter was to have been expected in view of the
effect it would clearly have in effacing differences of
Northern opinion, but the universal roar of rage and
raising of armies passed all anticipation. The State
was a volcano blazing with wrath and pouring
streams of volunteers to the capital. Every school-
house became a recruiting-station, and whole com-
panies were formed of the hands in a single manu-
factory. The war feeling was roused as it never had
been before, and probably never will be again.
Mr. Lincoln's speech from the balcony of the
Bates House on the afternoon of the 12th of Feb-
ruary, while on his way to his inauguration, inti-
mated for the first time authoritatively that his policy
with secession would be the defensive, to hold the
government's property and perform the government's
duties, so far as they were not interrupted, and leave
violence and its consequences to the secessionists.
This brought the differing opinions in Indiana into a
direction of convergence that the attack on Sumter
completed. There had not been time enough for the
development of factious or angry feeling before the
President suggested a policy that tended to union.
Thus it came that the excitement in Indianapolis
when the news of the first shot at Sumter arrived
was fearful. Not violent or noisy, but intense.
Business was abandoned. The streets were thronged,
and on every corner was a restless, feverish crowd,
never a moment still or silent, and never noisy, dis-
cussing the chances of Maj. Anderson's resistance,
and the course the President would take. Party
feeling never spoke. For once there were neither
Democrats or Republicans in any audible expression.
A vast meeting was held at the Metropolitan Theatre
at night to consider the situation and wait for news
from Charleston. Both parties were equally repre-
sented in officers, committees, and speakers. About
half-past nine the news came that Maj. Anderson had
surrendered. '• War I" was the response of every-
body who said anything. Those who thought other-
wise were shrewd enough to say nothing. It would
not have been safe then to talk as thousands, freely
talked two years later. All night long the streets
were patrolled by eager waiters on the news, and
crowds collected about the newspaper offices or in
convenient saloons, as if waiting would bring news
when the offices were closed. The next day the
military companies of the city began recruiting, and
on Sunday it was kept up without interruption. On
Monday morning the President's proclamation came,
calling for seventy-five thousand volunteers, and
with it an order of the War Office assigning to In-
diana a quota of six regiments. The Governor's
proclamation appeared nest day, and on Wednesday
all the Indianapolis companies were completed and
in camp.
For a year this condition of loyal feeling continued
throughout Indiana and the Northwest. The defeat
at Bull Run stimulated instead of repressing it. The
West Virginia campaign, so successful and so largely
the work of Hoosier soldiers and generalship, encour-
aged it. Governor Morton had more men than he
knew what to do with. His applications to the War
Office for the reception of regiments from the State
were treated more like importunities for favors than
offers of the lives and powers of the best men in the
country. The sagacious Cameron was satisfied that
we needed no troops but infantry, and no arms but
smooth-bore muskets, and rejected offers of cavalry
and artillery enough to have made a large army.
His incompetence would have ruined a cause less
completely identified with the life and hope of a great
nation. Not less than thirty thousand men were
tendered by Governor Morton for the six thousand
called for by the quota. The six regiments of three
months' men were organized in a week and camped
at the old fair (or military) ground, and a week
later they were visited there and addressed in a pa-
triotic speech by Stephen A. Douglas, the last he
ever made in Indiana. Every hour of the day nearly
companies came up into the city from the Union
Depot seeking a chance to fight, and marching to
old fifes and drums that had been lost since the
militia muster and the excursion of the " Bloody
Three Hundred." Crowds of boys and admiring
country girls watched the recruiting squads -on cor-
MILITAKY MATTERS.
307
ners *or followed them as they followed a circus pa-
rade. Recruiting flags were hung about in scores of
places on the business streets, and the rattle of the
drum kept company with the minutes, as Webster
might say, from dawn till dark. The reaction came
with the failure of the Peninsular campaign, and
desertions became as frequent as enlistments. Then
volunteering lost its meaning, and became only a
Way of evading a conscription maintained by high
bounties.
The regiments of this State were numbered con-
tinuously with the five that had been raised in the
Blexican war. Thus we had in the three months' ser-
vice, and later in the three years' service, the Sixth
Regiment, Col. Thomas T. Crittenden, of Madison ;
the.Seventh, Col. Ebenezer Dumont, of Indianapolis ;
the Eighth, Col. William P. Benton, of Richmond ;
the Ninth, Col. Robert H. Milroy, of Rensselaer,
Jasper Co. ; the Tenth, Col. Joseph J. Reynolds, of
Lafayette, succeeded by Col. Mahlon D. Manson, of
Crawfordsville ;, the Eleventh, Col. Lewis Wallace, of
Crawfordsville, formerly of Indianapolis. The Elev-
enth contained so many Indianapolis men that the
ladies of the city made up a handsome silk flag and
presented it to the regiment in the State-House yard,
on which occasion the colonel, with an eye to dra-
matic efi'ect, had the whole thousand men kneel
and swear to " remember Buena Vista." The rele-
vancy of that memory to the occasion on which it
was produced, with as striking a coup de theatre as
" Puff's" unanimous prayer in the " Critic," needs
elucidation. Jefi'. Davis had reported Indiana troops
as acting cowardly at the battle of Buena Vista, — and
some few had, especially Lieut.-Col. Bowles, after-
wards a Son of Liberty and a convicted traitor, — and
Jefi". Davis' stigma had stuck and stung for fifteen
years. Davis was now head of the Rebellion. Thus
the recall of the Buena Vista slander was made, logic-
ally enough, an incentive to martial ardor in a war
half a generation later.
The whole quota of the State served in West Vir-
ginia. The Sixth, under Gen. T. A. Morris, was at
Philippi, 3d of June, the first firing and fighting of
the war ; then at Laurel Hill and at Carrick's Ford,
near Which the rebel general Garnett was killed July
12th. The Seventh was also at Philippi, then joined
Gen. Morris and went to Bealington, whence the rebels
under Gen. Garnett retreated on the night of the 11th
of July, and were followed by Gen. Morris to Carrick's
Ford. There a stand was made and broken by a
charge of the Seventh across the river, where they cap-
tured the rebel baggage, and, at the next ford, three-
fourths of a mile away, they broke the rebels again and
killed Gen. Garnett, the first general oflicer killed in
the war. The Eighth and Tenth Regiments were put
in the brigade of Gen. Rosecrans, and with him took
part in the battle of Rich Mountain on the morning of
the 11th of July. The Ninth was in the brigade of
Gen. Morris, with the Sixth and Seventh, and was at
Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford. The Tenth, as just
stated, was in Gen. Rosecrans' brigade. The first
Uuion officer seriously wounded in the war was Capt.
Chris. Miller, of Lafayette, of this regiment. He
was shot through the body from the shoulder to the
hip, and was thought mortally wounded. He recov-
ered, however, but it required nearly a year of hos-
pital confinement. The Eleventh was stationed at
Evansviile from the 8th of May till the 8th of June,
and was then sent to West Virginia, where it cap-
tured Romney, June 10th. On the 26th a squad of
mounted scouts, composed of thirteen picked men of
dificrent companies, commanded by Corp. David B.
Hay, while returning from a scouting expedition
overtook forty-one mounted rebels and attacked them,
killing eight in a chase of two miles and capturing
seventeen horses. While crossing the Potomac at
Kelly's Island they were attacked by seventy-five of
the enemy, fell back to a good position and fought
till dark, losing J. C. Holleubeck, killed — the first
Hoosier killed in the war, — and David B. Hay and E.
P. Thomas, wounded. After joining Gen. Patterson's
forces at Bunker Hill, near Winchester, the regiment
went to Charlestown and thence to Harper's Ferry,
and came home July 29th. It was mustered out
Aug. 2, 1861.
Col. Ebenezer Dumont, of the Seventh Regiment,
afterwards a member of Congress from this district
and a brigadier-general, was the first teacher in the
" old seminary," and quite as eminent at the bar be-
fore the war as he was a.s an officer during the war.
308
HISTORr OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Gen. Ebenezer Dumont was a native of Vo- hand. After submitting to such a discipline in
vay, Switzerland Co., Ind., where he was born childhood, all the exactions of subsequent study or
Nov. 23, 1814. His parents were among the early business could scarcely have been regarded as
settlers of that place. His father, John Dumont, onerous. From this home school and training he
one of the most conspicuous men in politics and the passed to Hanover College, where he studied for a
law of that early period of the history of the State, time, but did not graduate. His heart was already
met and married his mother, Miss Julia L. Corey, set upon the law, and on that ground he refused an
at Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. Y. He was a na- appointment as cadet at West Point which was sent
tive of New Jersey, she of Marietta, Ohio. They to him while at Hanover. He read law with his
were married Aug. 16, 1812, and soon thereafter father, and before he was twenty-one years old
removed to Vevay, where they spent the remainder ' entered upon the practice of his chosen profession,
of their lives. She died in 1857, he in 1871. She He settled at Wilmington, in Dearborn County, and
was a teacher, poet, and
author, and in all these
respects one of the most
conspicuous persons in
the State. He was a law-
yer of sound learning, an
orator of great power and
eloquence, a politician of
broad views and upright
character, and in all re-
lations a man of integrity
and public spirit.
The general received
his early education in a
school taught by his
mother in his native vil-
lage. He could nc'.. have
had a more careful and
thorough instructor. An
examination of the work
exacted of her son al-
ItEN EBJNLZtR DIMOM
following the county-seat
thence to Lawrenceburg,
remained there until the
spring of 1853, when he
removed to Indianapolis to
;\.ssume the duties of presi-
dent of the State Bank,
t(i which office he had
been elected by the Gen-
eral Assembly.
He early established a
character as a lawyer and
business man. He never
shrunk from any amount
of labor essential to a per-
foct knowledge of the
matter in hand, either in
the one character or the
other. No one who
knew him ever made
any calculations of sue-
most makes one's head ache to think of his labors, cess when opposed to him on account of any remiss-
From the time he was ten years old until he ness in the duty of preparation, for it was known
passed from her instruction to Hanover College | that he would exhaust not merely all the usual re-
she exacted written essa3'S at his hands upon every , sources of the afiair, but equally all the unusual
branch of study in which he was engaged. These resources also. Some of his greatest triumphs in the
little essays, in the cramped and difficult hand of law were the result of his vigilance in reading
childhood, contain a child's discussion of every rule closely the newspapers, and learning of the passage
of grammar from the first principles of orthography of some act of Congress or of the Legislature in
to the last of prosody ; and so of arithmetic and the , advance of its regular publication upon which a case
other branches of knowledge taught in a common j might turn. An instance of this kind is remembered
school of a very high grade. All these show the | to have occurred in the District Court of the United
corrections of the faithful mother in her own clear ! States in 1858. Two brothers were indicted for
MILITARY MATTERS.
309
passing counterfeit Spanish silver coin. Tlie law as
published in the statute-book was plain, and under
it they were clearly guilty. He produced an act of
Congress, passed only a few days before the alleged
crime, demonetizing such coin, and the prosecution
was at an end. His law-book for the purpcse was a
clipping from a newspaper. It is believed that he
never lost an advantage that any amount of vigilance
or labor could have gained; and it is certain that
this is as true in regard to his watchfulness of the
slips and omissions of his adversary as of his own
preparation and use thereof in the management of
his affairs in court or ordinary business. (3f)£Jl-(l/
Gen. Dumont married Miss Mary A. -Chukj^
April 18, 1839. She was the only daughter of
William V. Chuk, Esq., at the time and for many
years afterwards the clerk of the Dearborn Circuit
Court. They lived together until his death, and
had born to them twelve children, eight of whom,
one son and seven daughters, still live to comfort
Mrs. Dumont, their mother, in her declining years.
The people of Dearborn County frequently in-
trusted him with the management of their affairs,
and twice at least made him their representative in
the General Assembly. He held the office of county
treasurer several years between 1840 and 1845, and
represented the county in the Legislature in 1838
and 1853. In the last term of his service he was
elected Speaker of the House, and discharged the
duties of the position with impartiality and ability.
It was a time of high political excitement, and he
took an active part in the debates of the House.
Many of his speeches were printed at the time, and
made a wide and favorable impression of his ability
and character throughout the State. A quaint and
queer humor runs through them all, that would
enable one who knew him well to say they were his
even if published without a name. They are all
marked by strong practical sense, and generally filled
with public spirit. It was in the course of this
session that he was chosen president of the State
Bank. The choice resulted from a truce between
his friends and those of the then Lieutenant-Governor,
James H. Lane. Before that they had been openly
at war. As a result of the compromise. Lane was
freed from the local opposition of Dumont, and was
elected to Congress. At the close of his terra in
Congress, Lane removed to Kansas, where, after a
stormy career, his life ended in a sad tragedy, and,
as already said, Dumont settled in Indianapolis, in
the quiet but responsible position of president of the
State Bank and ex, officio president of the Board of
Sinking Fund Commissioners. The.se oifices he filled
until the expiration of the bank's charter, and closed
its operations. It was necessary thereafter to con-
tinue the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners as
an independent organization, and the Legislature ac-
cordingly reorganized it, and provided for a presi-
dent thereof, to be elected, like the members, by the
General Assembly. At the regular session of that
body in 1859 he was elected president, and held the
position until he resigned to take the command of
the Seventh Regiment of Indiana Volunteers at the
outbreak of the rebellion in 1861.
He had already devoted a year to the military
service of the United States in the war with Mexico,
as lieutenant-colonel of the Fourth Regiment of In-
diana Volunteers, and had won distinction both for
courage and capacity in that service. His gallantry
was conspicuous in the capture of Huamantla ; and
Gen. Lane employed his learning and talents to aid
him in the government of Orizaba after its capture.
He had been consistently a Democrat from 1840 till
the as.sault upon Fort Sumter ; but in the strife be-
tween Mr. Douglas and the administration he had
adhered to the former. His place upon the fall of
Sumter was at once chosen with friends of the Union
and the foes of secession ; and never did any man
give heart and soul more entirely to any cause than
he gave himself to the maintenance of the Union
and its authority. He presided over the first grand
rally of the people of Indianapolis on the night of
the bombardment of Sumter, and by his bold and
patriotic speech gave solidarity and energy to the
purposes of the people. He was dispatched to Wash-
ington by the Governor to learn something of the
purposes and plans of the administration, and, if pos-
sible, to ascertain how the power of the State might
be best brought to the aid of the government in
suppressing the rebellion. " Upon his return home
310
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
he was appointed colonel of the Seventh Regiment of
Indiana Volunteers. At the head of this regiment he
served with distinction during the three months' cam-
paign of 1861 in West Virginia, being prominently
engaged in the surprise of Philippi, the skirmishes
at Laurel Hill, and the battle of Carrick's Ford," his
regiment, led by himself, closing that affair by the
capture of one gun, forty-one wagons of the enemy's
train, and the death of Gen. Robert S. Garnett.
'• At the close of the campaign," returning home, he
" reorganized his regiment for three years, and at its
head returned again to West Virginia, and while
there participated in the battle of Greenbrier under
Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds. Soon after this engage-
ment he was appointed a brigadier-general of volun-
teers by the President, and ordered to Louisville, Ky.
He passed the winter of 1861 and 1862 at Bards-
town, Bacon Creek, and other points between Louis-
ville and Nashville. Although his health was ex-
tremely poor, yet he clung to his command, and per-
formed his duties for months when he should have
been at home under treatment. He was subsequently
placed in command of Nashville, Tenn., where his
spirit, vigilance, and energy secured the flag more
respectful treatment from its foes than could other-
wise have been looked for at their hands. It was
while there that he organized and led his celebrated
pursuit of Gen. John Morgan, whom he well-nigh
captured at Lebanon, Tenn., and whose fine mare,
' Black Bess,' he did capture, together with many
prisoners. It was in this pursuit that he perpetrated
one of his drollest pieces of humor at the expense of
a Kentucky colonel of cavalry. That oflBcer, finding
his men worn out by the fatigues of the march, sent
his adjutant forward to inform the general that ' the
pursuit must stop, for his men were asleep in the
saddle.' The adjutant accordingly rode forward and
reported to the general as directed by his colonel.
The general inquired very seriously, ' Is it true that
your colonel's men are asleep in their saddles ?'
' Yes, general,' answered the adjutant, ' it is.'
' Well, then,' said the general, ' you ride back to
your colonel, and tell him for God Almighty's sake
not to wake them up.' And so the conference ended,
the pursuit being continued without a moment's pause.
" His health, however, finally disqualifying him for
service in the field, he accepted the nomination of
the Republican party of his district for Congress in
1862, and was duly elected at the October election of
that year. In 1864 he was re-elected, and thus
served his country faithfully according to his convic-
tions of duty during four years. His feeble health
impaired his ability to labor, and so rendered his
congressional career less conspicuous than it other-
wise manifestly would have been. Nevertheless, it
was by no means without distinction for patriotism
and ability. Some of his speeches display great
research and power, and they are nearly all pervaded
with the quaint, pungent humor which he displayed
in earlier life. For instance, he opened his speech
upon the Supreme Court's decision in the Garland
case, involving the validity of the ' iron-clad oath,'
as it was called, by sending to the clerk's desk and
asking to have read the following paragraph :
" ' A hotel-keeper in Washington posted on his
dining-room door the following notice : " Members of
Congress will go to the table first, and then the gen-
tlemen. Rowdies and blackguards must not mix
with the Congressmen, as it is hard to tell one from
the other." ' Laughter followed, and upon its subsi-
dence Mr. Dumont said, ' I do not think the para-
graph just read has much application to the remarks
I shall beg leave to submit; but, seeing that some of
the members are a little drowsy, and fearing that no
remarks of mine would disturb their slumbers, I
thought I might perhaps accomplish the object by
bringing to their attention this brutal assault on their
own reputation. I do not wish to move in the matter
myself, being young and inexperienced, but would
suggest the raising of a committee to find out the
name of the assassin, and have him dealt with for
his impertinence and vulgarity.' The speech that
followed this beginning is an able one, and abounds
with many home hits at the assumption of ofiScial,
and especially judicial, infallibility for men whose
opinions before their election or appointment were
regarded as of little or no value. This is illustrated
by anecdotes from home life ; and then the score is
made even by a story of a justice of peace elect
coming to the clerk of Dearborn County, and asking
MILITARY MATTERS.
311
that officer to qualify him. ' Hold up your hand,'
said the clerk ; ' I'll swear you in, but all hell can't
qualify you.' His speech on the pay of the army
was regarded at the time as a very able, satisfactory,
and complete discussion of the subject."
At the close of his congressional career, March 4,
1867, he retired to his farm, and for a while did not
seek any official position. He nevertheless kept up
an active participation in politics, acting earnestly
with the Republican party. He was always a foe to
flattery, and hated even the ordinary civilities ten-
dered to men of his position and rank at public
meetings. It was such feelings that led him on one
occasion, when introduced to a large political meeting
in what he regarded as too flattering terms, to say
when he came forward, " I was just thinking, when
my friend, the president of the meeting, was speaking
in such glowing and extravagant terms of the great
and glorious Gen. Dumont, who was about to address
you, that when I should come forward some man of
sense, and with a keen relish for the ludicrous, too,
might be standing in the outskirts of this vast crowd,
who would exclaim to those about him, ' Great God !
is that little pinnikin the great Gen. Dumont, about
whom all this fuss is made? Pshaw! he's nothing.'
And he would not be very far wrong, either." Such
a beginning of course at once relieved him of all
embarrassment, by establishing the best relations
between himself and the audience, and by teaching
them not to expect too much at his hands, enabled
him to more than meet their expectations, and so
secured him an attentive and kindly hearing through-
out.
In the winter of 1870 and 1871, having formed
the design to emigrate to the West, he sought and
received the appointment of Governor of Idaho.
While engaged in the pursuit of the position he
was taken severely sick at Washington. From
this attack he never fully recovered ; but upon re-
turning home set actively to work in making prepa-
rations for his removal to the seat of his new position
and duties. Under this labor his health broke com-
pletely down, and after lingering in great weakness
and sufl'ering for a few days, during all of which he
maintained his intellectual faculties in full and per-
fect clearness and vigor, he died at his residence,
south of the city, at four o'clock and sixteen minutes
in the morning of April 16, 1871. As an evidence
of his mental clearness, it may be stated that a very
short time before his death he directed a friend to
write his will. Dictating to him the terms thereof,
he began, " I, Ebenezer Dumont, being weak in body,
but of sound mind, do make this my last will and
testament," etc. The will was written, but in the
hurry and excitement of the amanuensis, the words
"but of sound mind" were omitted; and when in
reading it over he came to the omission, he stopped
the reading and insisted upon the insertion of the
omitted clause. A legal friend who was present
told him not to mind it, as the validity of the will
would depend upon the witnesses. He replied, " I
know that as well as you ; but I want to be one of the
witnesses, for I think I know my mental condition as
well and even better than any of you." The clause
had to be inserted as his testimony.
His remains were attended from his home to the
city by a large body of his friends and neighbors,
who were met at the city limits by a military escort
composed of his old comrades in arms with a band
of music, and conducted thence to the First Presby-
terian Church, where appropriate funeral services
were held, conducted by the Rev. H. A. Edson,
D.D. The brief discourse which he delivered on
the occasion so fittingly and truly characterized the
man in the higher aspects of his nature and life, that
his words shall close this very inadequate sketch :
" All who knew him were certainly impreaseil with the un-
common firmness and bravery of his will. For years he carried
a burden of ill-health which would have laid most men entirely
aside from active employment. Yet he carried it unflinchingly.
He seemed sometimes to conquer the physical suffering and
exhaustion by the mere force of his mind. It is touchingly
told U3 that once during the West Virginia campaign, when
overtaken by violent illness, and entreated to go back to Graf-
ton, where he might have some necessary comforts, he stoutly
refused, saying that if his brave men could lie on the ground
and take the rough fare, he could do it too, and would. The
tenacity of his purpose was conspicuous everywhere. AVhen
he took hold his grip was like a vise.
" His integrity in all the relations of commercial and politi-
cal life his friends speak of with admiration. In his connec-
tion with the early legislation of the State, as president of the
312
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
State Bank, during the commotion of civil war^ in Con-
gress, and in private business affairs, lie evinced a haughty
oontempt of peculation and dishonesty, and discharged his
public trusts without a stain upon his integrity. At a period
when many snatched eagerly at opportunities for questionable
gain, he did his duty and kept his hands clean. Everything
like deception and falsehood he despised. He was inclined to
take the direct line to any object he sought, and was little
disposed to use diplomacy. He spoke out plainly what he
believed to be the truth. At times he would attack a sup-
posed iniquity with something like ferocity. It is said that
his father often showed the same characteristic, during a
session of the Legislature in early times securing a life-long
friend by the courage with which, on a mere suspicion of
wrong, he took up the cause of certain minors whom a shrewdly
devised bill was to defraud of their estate. The son would
have been capable of the same service, and under the like cir-
cumstances would have been sure to undertake it without fear.
He was a man who cared more to be true to his convictions
than to count the favor of any one. And this example of stern
integrity is one which we may well cherish in these days of
commercial dishonesty and political intrigue.
'*It is as a patriot and soldier, however, that he made him-
self most noticeable, and rendered the highest service. There
is no possibility of putting into words the intensity of his
hatred of treason in those days when all the people here were
united in the defense of the flag that on Sumter's walls had
been defiled. His whole soul blazed against the crime that
would strike at our liberties. Some of you well remember him
at the breaking out of the war, how, at the first recruiting meet-
ing, he offered to the government a horse with a man on il ;
and many of you, his comrades, will not forget how gallantly
he rode that horse to battle. He never lost the heat of his
patriotic devotion. If he could speak to-day he would tell us
what a joy it is to be wrapped in the old flag for which he
fought. The value of our free institutions, the happy condi-
tion of our people, and the wickedness of any attempt to over-
turn the government he felt with all the intensity of his soul.
Whatever looked to him like treason against his country he
was eager to resist and strike at with all bis strength. This
patriotism, that was with him a passion, deserved and gained
the respect of men who opposed him. I do not doubt that
many of you who differed most widely from him in sentiment
were compelled to admire the zeal and courage with which he
discharged what he deemed his duty to the land he loved.
Nor should it be forgotten that this strong nature, this stern
soldier had depths of tenderness, not indeed for every eye, but
quick upon occasion to carry to the unfortunate relief and
sympathy.
"Words, however, cannot describe the man. You kne«-
him. Let your memory paint and keep the picture. He had
qualities we ought to emulate. He did not live in vain, for
though his sword will not flash again in battle, though he
sleeps his last sleep, careless of the earth's commotion, it will
not be forgotten how dearly he loved the starry banner, nor
how sternly he hated all its foes. May God keep the memory
of such patriots green."
The volunteers beyond the number required for
the State's quota were formed into .six regiments of
one year State troops, under an act of the Legisla-
ture, then sitting in extra session on the Governor's
call. All but one subsequently enlisted for three
years in the service of the national government.
They were reviewed on the 24th of May by Gen.
McClellan, on the open ground north of the fair or
military ground, extending to Indiana Avenue on
the north and to the Fall Creek race on the west.
The first camp in the city was that on the fair ground,
and was called Camp Sullivan, from Col. Jerry Sulli-
van, of the Thirteenth Regiment, who commanded
, it. The next was formed in the new fair ground,
— now the Exposition or fair ground, — and called
Camp Morton. The men here made serious com-
plaints of their provisions, and the Legislature, with
an eye to votes at home more than justice away from
home, censured the commissary — the late Isaiah
Mansur — severely, though he served without pay,
furnished meat from his own packing-hou.se, advanced
bis own money for fresh bread, sugar, and butter, and
took the chance of reimbursement from the Legisla-
I ture. Subsequently this censure was revoked and
] Mr. Mansur complimented for his efficiency and dis-
interestedness. He was a room-mate of Governor
Morton's at Oxford (Ohio) College, and helped the
latter with money iu his college course. The truth
was that the men were mostly well-to-do farmers or
sons of farmers or mechanics in good circumstances,
and were used to living in better style than any one
familiar with a soldier's life could hope for. They
knew nothing of camps or military service, and of
course felt abused when they found their patriotic
devotion fed less appetizingly than by their every-day
food at home. Once they mutinied against the sutler
and tore his stalls to pieces. But these freaks of in-
experience never outlasted the first few weeks of
camp duty. The men readily adapted themselves to
military discipline from the freedom of home. Camp
Morton became one of the great prison camps after
the surrender of Fort Donelson in February, 1862.
MILITARY MATTERS.
313
Camp Burnside was formed on Tinker Street
(now Seventh), just south of Camp Morton, and was
made a neat and well-ordered little military town by
the Seventy-first Regiment, under Col. James Biddle,
and later by theVeteran Reserve Corps. It was
here, during the tenancy of the Seventy-first, in the
summer of 1862, that the first military execution of
the war took place. The offender was Robert Gay,
charged with being a spy and deserter, and convicted
by court-martial. He wa.s shot in the old Hender-
son orchard, between the fair ground and Camp
Burn.side, near the present line of Delaware Street,
a block north of Seventh. The regiment and spec-
tators formed three sides of a square, open on the
east side. Into this space Gay was brought by the
guard, and stationed in front of his coffin, which was
lying on the ground. He made a brief speech,
denying all guilty purpose, and told the firing party,
standing about ten steps in front of him, to " hold
here," laying his right hand on his heart. He then
sat down on his coffin, and was blindfolded, and the
signal to fire was given by dropping a handkerchief.
Every ball but one of the nine fired struck his heart,
and would have killed him instantly if there had been
no other. One struck him in the neck, and would
have made a mortal wound. One gun was left
blank, and all were taken by chance, so that no man
knew whether his gun helped in the execution or not.
Gay sat upright for' a second after ihe firing, and fell
back dead in a great pool of blood, of which not a
drop showed in front. In 1864 three " bounty
jumpers" were shot on the same ground, near the
south bank of the State ditch, under the command of
Gen. Alvin P. Hovey. Those were all the military
executions in or about the city, though preparations
were made by Gen. Hovey for hanging Bowles, Mil-
ligan, and Horsey, the Sons of Liberty, convicted
by court-martial in 1864 of conspiring with the
rebels to overthrow the State government, and release
the rebel prisoners in Camp Morton. Their death
sentence, however, was commuted by President John-
son to imprisoumeDt for life in the Ohio penitentiary,
whence they were released by a decision of the
Supreme Court of the United States shortly after.
Mr. Milligau was recently allied with the Republicans
of Huntington County against the regular Demo-
cratic ticket, showing rather ludicrously one of the
" revenges" brought round by the " whirligig of
time." Another convicted Son of Liberty, H. H.
Dodd, made his escape from the United States build-
ing where he was confined, and went to Canada. He
is now said to be the editor of a Republican paper
in Wisconsin.
From the 22d of February, 1862, to about the
1st of September of the same year. Camp Morton,
as before stated, was made a prison camp in charge
of the State, and here were confined the prisoners
surrendered at Fort Donelson till an exchange was
made in August following. There were three thou-
sand seven hundred here at first, but in a few weeks
about fifteen hundred more came from Terre Haute
and Lafayette, and were accommodated with precisely
the same quarters, furniture, and food as our own
men who were encamped there. After the exchange
of prisoners the camp was unoccupied till another
large arrival from Vicksburg in the summer of 1863.
The camp was refitted, commodious hospitals and
other buildings erected, and the Fifth Regiment of
the Veteran Reserve Corps, under Col. A. A. Stevens,
put in charge. This was all done by the national
government, the State having no concern with the
prison after the exchange in 1862. From three
thousand to six thousand prisoners were kept here
during the remainder of the war. Col. Richard
Owen, and the Sixtieth and Fifty-third Regiments
and Kidd's Battery, and Col. D. Garland Rose and
the Fifty-fourth Regiment, had charge of the camp
while in the hands of the State.
When the first division of prisoners arrived here
from Fort Donelson they were fearfully afflicted with
pneumonia and camp diarrhoea. The First, Fourth,
and Twenty-sixth Mississippi Regiments sufiered
worst, though a number of Tennesseans and Ken-
tuckians were severely afflicted, all alike from ex-
posure in the ditches and rifle-pits of Fort Donelson,
with inadequate food and clothing. The first night
they slept on the floor of the Union Depot, and all
night long there was an incessant storm of coughing,
groaning, and imploratious for help. The next day
the physicians of the city prescribed for more than
314
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
five hundred out of three thousand seven hundred, ;
or one in every seven was helplessly sick. A hospital
was made first of the old Athenaeum Theatre, in the
third story of the northwest corner of Maryland and
Meridian Streets. Then Blackford's four-story build-
ing, on the east side of Meridian near Washington,
was taken entirely for hospital use, under charge of
the late Dr. Talbott Bullard, brcther-in-law of Henry
Ward Beecher. The people of the city, men and
women, served as nurses without charge, and with
many valuable additions to hospital fare from their
own home supplies. But, in spite of all care and
eflFort, hardly an hour passed for the first five days
that a death did not occur, and the mortality con-
tinued for a montli or more till the weatlier moder-
ated. Then both sickness and mortality almost dis-
appeared. The dead were buried, in plain wooden
coflBns, in a lot on the northern limit of Greenlawn
Cemetery, near the Vandalia Railroad, wiience they
were removed, some to their homes by relatives or
friends, many to Crown Hill, in a few years. All
the graves were marked. Tiie other prison camps,
Dennison at Columbus, and Douglas at Chicago, were
conducted like that at Camp Morton, and the con-
trast between them and Andersonville and Salisbury
and Libby is striking. Visitors from Kentucky to
sons and relatives in the camp, after the surrender
of Fort Donelson, were so frequent as to make a
serious annoyance at the Governor's oflBce with
requests for admission.
The prison experience of our Indiana soldiers in
the South was not quite so pleasant as that of South-
ern men here. Gen. Coburn, of the Thirty-third
Regiment, was the first to come home from Libby
and enlighten Indianians on the treatment of prison-
ers there. The romantic escape of Col. A. D.
Streight, of the Fifty-first Regiment, from Libby
was known all over the country at the time, and is
not forgotten yet.
Gen. Abel D. Streight.— The family of Gen.
Streight are of English extraction, though his father,
Asa, was a native of Vermont. He was at the
age of five left fatherless, and bound out to a family
residing near Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until
his majority was attained, when Spencer, Tioga Co.,
N. Y., became his home. Here he married Lydia,
daughter of Phineas Spaulding, and had children, —
Maria (Mrs. Clark Townsend), Francis (deceased),
Abel D., Susan H. (Mrs. Cornelius Ives), James P.,
Benjamin F., Sylvester W., Charles F., and Jane.
Mr. Streight after his marriage settled in Wheeler,
Steuben Co., and engaged in farming pursuits until
seventy years of age, when he abandoned active labor.
His death occurred in June, 1883, in his eighty-fourth
year. His son, Abel D., was born June 17, 1828,
at Wheeler, Steuben Co., N. Y., and passed his
boyhood years upon a farm. He was afforded the
ordinary advantages of a common school, and at the
age of seventeen purchased from his father his time
until twenty-one, paying him sixty dollars per year
for the same. Having a taste for mechanics he
readily acquired the carpenters' craft without in-
struction, and before attaining his nineteenth year
had taken the contract for the erection of a large
mill, which he successfully completed. At this early
period he also owned a saw-mill acquired by the pro-
ceeds of his own labor. Gen. Streight then engaged
in the lumber business at Wheeler, N. Y., where he
remained until his removal to Cincinnati in 1858.
The following year found him a resident of Indianap-
olis, where he embarked in publishing, and continued
thus employed until the beginning of the late civil
war. It was at this crisis that the patriotism, earnest-
ness, and indomitable purpose of Gen. Streight were
brought into prominent notice, and marked him as a
man of foresight and possessing all the qualities of a
successful leader. Realizing the importance of prompt
and energetic measures for the preservation of the
Union, he published an exhaustive pamphlet, in which
he clearly embodied the cause of the nation's calamity,
and indicated the measures necessary to insure the
supremacy of the laws, the integrity of the Constitu-
tion, and the preservation of the Union. He be-
lieved compromise with the enemies of the govern-
ment to be a mistake, and advocated forcible means,
if necessary, to compel obedience to the laws. He
proved conclusively the fallacy of a temporary pacifi-
cation policy, and by voluminous quotations from
letters written by the founders of the government
demonstrated it to be a government of the people
^^^.^^^
MILITARY MATTEllS.
315
collectively, and not of the States. In defense of
the Union, whose integrity he so earnestly defended
with his pen, he entered the army on the 4th of
September, 1861, as colonel of the Fifty-first Indiana
Volunteer Infantry, and did effective service until
March 13, 1865, when he retired with the brevet
rank of brigadier-general, having participated in the
battles of Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, Day's Gap,
Crooked Creek, Blunt's Farm, engagements with
Wheeler's Cavalry at Dalton and Shoal Creek, near
Florence, Ala. (in which he commanded five bri-
gades), Columbia, Tenn., Franklin, Tenn., Nashville,
and again at Columbia, in which he forced the pas-
sage of Duck River. He was on the 3d of May,
1863, taken prisoner and confined in Libby prison,
Richmond, Va., until Feb. 9, 1864, when, with one
hundred and eight of his fellow-prisoners, he escaped
by a tunnel dug from the prison-walls to the street,
and after an interval of rest re-entered the service.
In prison he was like the shadow of some great rock
in the desert. Men instinctively gathered round him.
He was their coun.selor, friend, and champion. In
him they reposed all confidence, intrusting to him
their money and laying before him their grievances,
and sharing with him their every thought. It was
Gen. Streight who defiantly wrote the rebel Secretary
of War, compelling an increase of rations and more
humane treatment. The enemy feared him while
they hated him, and if recaptured his life would
have paid the forfeit of his daring and patriotism.
On returning again to civil life he resumed the
business of a publisher, in connection with the cul-
tivation of a farm in the suburbs of the city. In
1865 he embarked in the lumber business, making
a speciality of walnut and hard-wood lumber, to
which was subsequently added chair-manufacturing
on an extensive scale.
Gen. Streight, when a resident of New York State,
manifested a keen interest in politics, and frequently
as a Republican participated in the various local cam-
paigns. In 1876 he was elected to the State Senate
here, running one thousand ahead of his ticket.
Here he was conceded to be one of the leaders of
tlie party. Among other measures supported by
him was the introduction of a bill providing for the
erection of a new State-Hou.se building, the principal
provisions of which were adopted. In 1880 he was
one of the Republican candidates for the nomination
for Governor. Though not the successful aspirant
for gubernatorial honors, the press was unanimous in
its endorsement of his irreproachable honesty, iron
will, uncommon intelligence, and thorough patriot-
ism. Gen. Streight was married Jan. 14, 1849, to
Miss Lavina McCarty, of Bath township, Steuben
Co., N. Y. They have one son, John, who is en-
gaged in the lumber business at Nashville, Tenn.
The Eleventh Regiment, while reorganizing for
the three years' service, was encamped on the west
bank of the river, near Cold Spring. Camp Car-
rington, near the extreme northwest corner of the
city, on the high ground between the canal and Fall
Creek, was the largest and best arranged camp in the
State. Camp Noble was the artillery camp, on
the northern limit of the city, west of Camp Burn-
side. It was arranged by Col. Frybarger, and oc-
cupied by ihe Twenty-third Battery, Capt. J. F.
Myers. The artillery practice-ground was on the
farm of Mr. Paddock, between the Bluff road and
the bluff of the river bottom. The Second Cavalry,
Col. John A. Bridgland, was encamped four miles
north, near Fall Creek. The colored regiment. Col.
Charles Russell, was in Camp Fremont, east of the
lower end of Virginia Avenue. The Nineteenth
Regulars, Lieut.-Col. King, was stationed in Indian-
apolis for some months in 1861.
The Soldiers' Home and the State Arsenal remain
to be noticed among the more durable preparations
for the emergencies of the war. The arsenal was
the growth of Governor Morton's determination that
the Indiana troops should go to the field fully pre-
pared for any service, and as the national arsenals
could not supply sufficient good ammunition, he es-
tablished the State Arsenal to help. It did that, and
often helped the general government, too. The
quartermaster supplied the material, and the Eleventh
Regiment furnished the workmen, and on the 27th
of April the arsenal was put in operation by moulding
large quantities of bullets in hand-moulds with a
blacksmith's furnace, and packing the cartridges in
the next room. It was superintended by Herman
316
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Sturm, and at first was carried on in Ott's cabinet-
factory, opposite the State-House. Then it was re-
moved to the temporary buildings north of the State-
House, and finally to vacant ground east of the city,
on the old Noble farm. In the fall of 1861, Secre-
tary Cameron, with Adjutant-General Thomas and
Senator Chandler, of Michigan, came to the city
from Louisville (where they had seen General Sher-
man and decided that he was " crazy," because he
wanted two hundred thousand men to take and hold
the East Mississippi Valley, from the Ohio to the
Gulf), and after examining the State Arsenal, ap-
proved it highly. It was discontinued on the 18th
of April, 1864, after three years of service, in which
it had turned out §788,838.45 worth of work, and
had made for the State a profit of nearly ten per
cent,, or $77,457.32.
The Soldiers' Home, like the arsenal, was the
suggestion of Governor Morton's restless solicitude
for the welfare of the State's troops. This city was
the main depot, recruiting station, drill-camp, and
preparatory school of the whole State, and it was the
chief resting-place of other troops passing east or
west to the front. Of course, they always landed
here hungry, dusty, and tired, and a sound sleep or a
bath and a good meal were sometimes worth a man's
life. The Soldiers' Home was a sort of military
hotel in which all the accommodations were free.
During the first months of the war the State Sanitary
Commission had agents at the Union Depot to supply
passing troops and take care of the sick at hotels ;
but this was expensive and inconvenient, and a camp
was established on the vacant ground south of the
depot, with ho.spital tents and other conveniences,
and maintained until 1862, when the Governor re-
solved to establish a permanent home. Quartermas-
ter Asahel Stone selected the grove on the west side
of West Street, just north of the Vandalia Railroad,
and here temporary, but adequate and comfortable
frame buildings were erected, enlarged, and added to
till they could accommodate 1800 with beds and
8000 with meals every day. From August, 1862, to
June, 1865, the Home furnished 3,777,791 meals,
and during the year 1864 furnished an average of
4498 meals a day. The bread was supplied by a
bakery maintained by the quartermaster with such
strict economy and wise forecast that the rations of
flour, to which the men served in the Home were en-
titled, sufficed for all they needed, and for thousands
of loaves distributed among the poor besides. The
saving in the rations of other articles amounted to
$71,130.24. The saving of flour, after all bread
supplies were completed, the sale of offal, and a sut-
ler's tax paid $19,642.19. Thus the Home was sus-
tained in all its expenses almost wholly by the rations
of the men provided for in it. On holidays the
ladies of the city furnished festival dinners of their
own preparation, waited at the table, and did all the
service. A Ladies' Home, for the care of soldiers'
wives and children, was opened in a building near the
Union Depot, in December, 1863, taking care of an
average of one hundred a day during the remainder
of the war.
The State Sanitary Commission was first sug-
gested by the necessities of the State troops in West
Virginia among the mountains in the early fall or
latter part of the summer of 1861. Governor Morton's
endless difficulties in getting winter clothing and
supplies through the elaborate entanglement of gov-
ernment " red tape" put his mind upon doing the
necessary service in a better way, and thus came the
Sanitary Commission of Indiana. The late Rob-
ert Dale Owen, the State's military agent in New
York, made the fii'st step in the scheme by purchas-
ing, under the Governor's direction, twenty-nine
thousand overcoats, some at seven dollars and seventy-
five cents each, some at nine dollars and twenty-five
cents. The United States Quartermaster, Meigs, re-
fused to pay more than the regulation price for the
latter, and the State assumed the extra one dollar
and a half. Morton said, " If the general government
will not pay at the current rates, Indiana will, for
she will not allow her troops to suffer." Socks, shoes,
and caps were lacking, blankets were defective and
insufficient in quantity. To supply these deficiencies
the Governor, on the 10th of October, 1861, issued his
first appeal to the " women of Indiana." The re-
sponse came in blankets, shirts, drawers, socks, and
mittens, sheets, pillows, pads, bandages, lint, and
dressing-gowns for hospital use, to the amount of
MILITAKY MATTERS.
317
many thousands of dollars. This was the first sani-
tary work of the war done anywhere by State or
nation. Competent agents were appointed and sent
to the best points to carry on this work, which was
to " render all possible relief to our soldiers, espe-
cially to those who were sick or wounded, whether in
transit, in hospitals, or on the battle-field." Sanitary
stores were sent to them for distribution. Besides
these agents there were special agents, surgeons, and
nurses, — many of the latter among ladies of high
social position. From this city Mrs. Coburn, wife of
Gen. Coburn, and Miss E. H. Bates, daughter of the
first sheriff, were largely engaged in hospital service.
Combined with the sanitary service there were agents
to take care of the men's pay and bring it home free
of cost to their families, to write letters for them, to
see to the burial of the dead and the preservation of
relics, and keep registers of all the men in hospitals,
with date, disease, wound, and date and cause of
death, if death ensued, for the information of rela-
tives and friends, to assist returning soldiers in get-
ting transportation, to look after returning prisoners,
and in every way to be careful and affectionate
guardians. Dr. Bullard, Dr. Parvin, and Rev. T. A.
Goodwin were efi'ectively engaged in these duties at
one time or another, while Dr. William Hannaman
was chief sanitary agent all the time, a.ssisted by
Alfred Harrison. The Commission during the time
of its existence, from February, 1862, to the close of
the war, collected in cash 8247,570.75 and in goods
$359,000, making a total of sanitary contributions
made in the State in about three years of $606,570.75.
An additional .sum of $4,566,898 was contributed by
counties, townships, and towns to the relief of sol-
diers' families and soldiers disabled by disease or
wounds, making a total voluntary outlay in Indiana
of over five millions of dollars, besides thousands of
which no account was ever made.
Some of the political incidents of the war are worth
noting as an indication of the feeling of the people.
At the outset there was never a word of sympathy
with the rebellion heard. The feeling was all loyal
or silent. One of the city papers neglected to hoist
the national flag on its building, and the proprietor
came near being mobbed by the intolerant patriots.
He and others suspected of Southern sympathies
were made to take the oath of allegiance. As the
war grew to be a familiar idea, and its conduct showed
bad feeling and incompetent management, popular
sentiment changed. Opposition began to speak more
plainly and to take on a party aspect. That doubly
embittered old differences. The loyal men talked of
the others as traitors, and treated them as unfit for
respectable society ; the latter retorted by censures
of the tyranny of the government and the inefficiency
of its conduct. At a county convention in the court-
house square on the 2d of September, 1862, some
of the Democratic speakers, especially the late Robert
L. Walpole, bitterly denounced the war, the govern-
ment, and the soldiers. There were many of these
in the crowd, and they were irritated. A riot fol-
lowed, and some of the rebel sympathizers barely es-
caped with their lives ; if they had been caught they
would have been killed. At the October election
the opponents of the war were excluded from the
polls by threats of violence. In 1864, while the
Nineteenth Veteran Regiment was here on a fur-
lough allowed to re-enlisted veterans, the Sentinel
made some allusion to the appearance of the men in
a party procession the day before, and an angry crowd
assailed the oflice with the avowed purpose of " clean-
ing it out," but were defeated by the re.solute obstruc-
tion of Provost- Marshal (afterwards Governor) Baker.
It was then in all Gen. Butler's operations south of
Richmond and was conspicuous at Wathal Junction.
The Democratic State Convention in 1864 came
here armed, and kept up a considerable fusilade as
it went away in the evening. The Eastern trains
were stopped and the jubilant shooters compelled to
give up their weapons to the number of several
hundred.
The Legislature of 1863 was adverse to the war
and the party sustaining the war. It refused to re-
ceive Governor Morton's message. It tried to de-
prive him of the constitutional command of the State
militia. It proposed no less than thirty measures of
truce or peace with the Confederate States. It failed
to make any appropriations to carry on the State civil
government or the military contributions to the gen-
eral government. This forced Governor Morton to
318
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
raise money by loans and popular contributions both
for these purposes and for the payment of interest on
the State debt to avoid the ruinous imputation of
repudiation, which was so disastrous from 1841 to
1846. He constituted a " financial bureau" to meet
the emergency, and for. two years governed without
any connection with the other State offices, which
were in the hands of political antagonists and friends
of the Confederacy. The Legislature of 1865, how-
ever, was of a different complexion, and legalized all
the Governor's acts, paid liis debts, and reimbursed
his loans and contributions.
The most conspicuous feature of the political an-
tagonism to the war were the " Treason Trials" of
1864. H. H. Dodd was first arrested on informa-
tion, anonymously conveyed to the Governor by a
lady in New York, that boxes of revolvers and am-
munition had been sent to Dodd, marked " Sunday-
school books," which were concealed or stored in the
Sentinel building. This was the story at the time.
Governor Morton, however, said that while the in-
formation came to him anonymously from a lady
whom he never discovered, the boxes, when discov-
ered, were merely marked " books" and " stationery."
The " Sunday-school" was a humorous addition.
Dodd was tried by court-martial, convicted, sentenced
to death, and escaped as already related. At the
same time William A. Bowles, the reversed hero of
Buena Vista and head of the Sons of Liberty in
this State, with Lamdin P. Milligan, Stephen Hor-
sey, Andrew Humphreys, and the late Horace Heff-
ren, were arrested. Later the first three were tried
and convicted by court-martial, as above related.
Humphreys was convicted, but sentenced to a re-
straint within limits at home, and later was par-
doned ; the late Dr. John C. "Walker, colonel of the
Irish regiment, a leader of the Sons of Liberty, went
to England and was never disturbed ; Heffren turned
State's evidence and convicted his associates.
Several rebel raids were made or attempted into In-
diana under the encouragement of the sympathizing
associations to which these men and many thousands
of others belonged. The first was led by Adam R.
Johnson on Newburg, Warrick Co., July 18, 1863.
The next was led by Capt. Thomas H. Hines, of
Morgan's division, June 17, 1863, entering this
State eighteen miles above Cannelton, with sixty-two
men. All but a dozen of them were captured in
two days in Crawford County, after stealing a con-
siderable number of good horses. The great raid,
however, was that of Gen. John H. Morgan, with a
brigade of two thousand four hundred and sixty men
and four guns. They crossed the Ohio at Branden-
burg, Ky., and passed into the interior of the State
as far as Vernon. The home troops of the " Legion"
and temporary volunteers met in University Square
here, and drilled two or three times, the banks sent
away their specie, and railroad travel .southward was
interrupted a little, but that was the worst effect in
the city of the great Morgan raid. How it turned to
a retreat in one day, and a flight the next day, and a
surrender of most of the command in Ohio in a day
or two more, everybody knows. A horrible catas-
trophe marked the first movement of troops here to
meet the raid. A Michigan battery which had been
stationed here for some time was hurrying from the
artillery camp down Tennessee Street to Indiana
Avenue, on its way to the depot, when the jolting of
one of the caissons exploded a percussion shell and
all the contents of the caisson with it, blowing two
of the men over the tops of the shade-trees along the
sidewalk, tearing them into fearful fragments, and
killing them instantly, and mortally wounding a man
and boy of the city who happened to be passing. It
was about sundown of the Oth of July.
The worst effect of the political hostility to the
war was not the conspiracies of secret orders of rebel
sympathizers, the Knights of the Golden Circle and
Sons of Liberty, nor the open legislative action in
embarrassment of the efforts of the State and nation
for the prosecution of the war, but in the encour-
agement to desertion, the organized protection of
deserters, and the cool, calculating murder of draft-
officers in three or four counties, and draft-mobs in a
dozen. The soldiers at first did not properly under-
stand their relation to the government. They thought
that an enlistment was like any other engagement for
service, terminable at any moment by giving up all
claim to wages for the abandoned time. When the
service became hard and the discipline unsparing,
MILITAEY MATTERS.
319
they got leave of absence to go home and stayed at
home, protected by their friends of the anti-war
party. Others deserted outright without any pre-
tense of furlough. Organizations were made to pro-
tect them from arrest, and parties searching for them
were fired upon repeatedly. Letters were written
from home urging desertion, and these were some-
times published by the faithful recipients to expose
the machinations of disloyal men. The efiect of the
combined adverse influences was that two thousand
three hundred deserters came home from Indiana
regiments alone in December, 1862-63. The dis-
couragement of enlistments was a logical and inev-
itable part of the same impulse and movement. Nat-
ural conditions favored it. Wages rose rapidly with
the vast reduction of the working force of the State,
and with the depreciation of currency the prices of
everything else rose. The volunteer of 1861 went out
when the government's pay was about as good as any
other employer's, and the service was not thought
harder. It was a sort of national picnic with some
chances of danger and hard usage. The paymaster
would leave enough at hjs visits to make a comfort-
able support for the family at home. In less than
two years a great change had come. Wages were
high, living costly, the soldier's pay, though increased,
was relatively less. The family would be left with
inadequate support, or trusted to the chance assist-
ance of neighbors. The co-operation of these nat-
ural conditions with political antagonism forced
upon all governments, national and local, the payment
of large bounties to secure volunteers, under the
President's calls, who should enable the community to
avoid a draft. As the war went on and more men
went to the field, and currency sank lower and prices
rose higher, bounties mounted too ; and under the
last call for three hundred thousand men, Dec. 24,
1864, the national, county, and city bounties to vol-
unteers in Indianapolis, with the advance pay, gave
every man nearly one thousand dollars before he went
into camp.
The city made an appropriation of ten thousand
dollars on the 20th of April, 1861, for the support of
the three months' men. Other smaller sums were
frequently given to supply fuel, provisions, clothing,
and other necessaries to destitute families. In Au-
gust, 1864, a purchase of two hundred cords of wood
was made, and the following winter three thousand
two hundred dollars was appropriated to similar service.
Here and all over the State contributions of fuel and
food were made by farmers who turned the occasion
into a sort of holiday, and paraded the streets in long
processions of loaded wagons to the music of a band
or a drum and fife. Occasionally emulation would
bring into a town huge wagons, each loaded with a
whole winter's supply of wood for a single family.
Some would have five cords, some seven, some more
than that, and one bold donor from Perry township
brought into Indianapolis once ten cords, and a lib-
eral supply of flour, meat, and potatoes. Local fairs
and private contributions raised large sums for sani-
tary purposes as well as for soldiers' families. A
fair held on the fair ground, in connection with the
regular State agricultural fair in 1864, raised forty
thousand dollars. But the support of soldiers' fam-
ilies formed only a small part of the account of cities
and counties in dealing with our volunteers. Boun-
ties were the main source of expense.
Going into the army had come to be viewed in a
business aspect, mainly or wholly. The volunteers
" meant business" and meant very little sentiment.
So bounties were made to fit the emergency, like any
other inducement to labor when hands are scarce.
In the fall of 1862 the city appropriated five thou-
sand dollars for bounties, which served for five or six
months. On the 14th of December, 1863, twenty-
five thousand dollars was appropriated to bounties,
and ward committees raised considerable sums in ad-
dition by contribution. This enabled the city to
avert the draft. The next summer, which completed
the three years of many of the early regiments, saw
a constant succession of veterans coming home on the
long furlough allowed by the government to those
that re-enlisted. These were uniformly met and
welcomed, and paraded, and feasted by Governor
Morton, Mayor Caven, and the citizens; and occa-
sionally some of the veterans would take the city's
bounty and credit themselves here, counting thus
against a future draft. The Seventeenth Regiment,
one of the re-enlisted veteran regiments, had its
320
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
whole force credited to Indianapolis, asking no bounty.
Subsequently, however, some of the men hinted that
it was hardly fair to pay raw recruits a thousand dol-
lars and veterans of three years' service nothing, and
the city thought so, too, and gave them five thousand
three hundred and fifty-five dollars, which was all
they asked.
On the suggestion of Governor Morton, the Gov-
ernors of Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa met
here April 24, 1864, and recommended to the Presi-
dent to accept a force of eighty-five thousand men for
one hundred days from these States, to guard Gen.
Sherman's communications while he was marching to
the sea. The President consented. Indiana was as-
signed seven thousand four hundred and fifteen men,
and the city's quota was raised at once. The home regi-
ment, the One Hundred and Thirty-second, under
Col. Samuel C. Vance, Lieut.-Col. Samuel A. Cra-
mer, and Maj. Hervoy Bates, took away a larger
number of well-known citizens than any during the
whole war. and they did good service, too. Under the
call for three hundred thousand men, Oct. 17, 1863,
increased Feb. 1, 1864, to five hundred thousand,
and on March 14th to seven hundred thousand, no
draft was made. The State had filled her whole
quota of the three calls, with two thousand four hun-
dred and ninety-three men to spare on the next one.
On the 18th of July a call was made for five hun-
dred thousand more, and the city's quota was fixed
at one thousand two hundred and fifty-eight. For
once the citizens had to move promptly and vigor-
ously to escape a draft. Meetings to raise the requi-
site bounties to allure volunteers were held through
the summer, and forty thousand dollars subscribed
and eight hundred men enlisted. But we were still
four hundred and fifty men short. The " enrolled
men " on the conscription record raised a considerable
sum to secure substitutes, but still the deficit was not
made up. Then the Council made on the 28th of
September an appropriation of ninety-two thousand
dollars, and on October 3d another of forty thousand
dollars, to help in the strait; and during October
and November the quota was filled without a draft at
a cost of one hundred and eighty thousand dollars.
On Dec. 24, 1864, the last call for troops was made.
The State's quota of the three hundred thousand was
twenty-two thousand five hundred and eighty-two, of
which two thousand four hundred and ninety-three
had been paid by over-enlistment on previous calls.
The Council appropriated the unexpended remainder
of the previous appropriation, — twenty-five thousand
dollars, and later twenty thousand dollars. This was
insufficient, and in January, 1865, the mayor recom-
mended further appropriations and drafting by wards.
The Council fixed upon one hundred and twenty-five
thousand dollars, to be paid in one hundred and fifty
dollar bounties, with ten dollars premium for each re-
cruit ; and three days later made the bounty two hun-
dred dollars, and obtained an order from Washington
for a draft by wards. In February the Council gave
four hundred dollars to every man who should be
drafted if he had purchased a fifty-dollar city order.
On the 22d of February the citizens, to the number
of four thousand four hundred, petitioned the Coun-
cil to raise four hundred thousand dollars on (ity
bonds to pay adequate bounties and fill the city's
quota. The order was made and the bonds prepared
and sent to New York, but none were sold. On the
6th of March one hundred thousand dollars was bor-
rowed of five banks — twenty thousand dollars of each
— at twelve per cent., and this was appropriated in
four hundred dollar bounties. When the quota was
nearly full it was found that some idiot in the War
Office had made a blunder in fixing the city's credits
for volunteers, and that the quota was filled with
hundreds to spare. A fourth of the loan was saved.
The war expense from May, 1864, to May, 1865,
which included the great bulk of the outlay for boun-
ties, was seven hundred and eighteen thousand one
hundred and .seventy-nine dollars. The whole war-
expense of the city was about one million dollars.
These largo appropriations made high taxes and
finally considerable debts. But the city was grow-
ing rapidly, business of all kinds was flourishing, and
high taxes were easily borne comparatively. The
rate ran from SI. 50 to $1.75, exclusive of State and
county taxes, during the greater part of the war and
the year following. Then came a clamor against
such onerous rates, and a reduction was made till 1875,
when the tax was made $1.50 again. Then it was
MILITAKY MATTERS.
321
reduced a little, and the next year a provision of the
charter limited the total, including school and library
tax, to $1.12. It is now at the limit. By the same
provision the city debt was limited to two per cent,
of the tax duplicate. That is also at the limit. The
history of the city's debts is very short. In 1849 the
amount was $6000 ; it was mostly paid by a special
tax in 1850. In 1851 it was $5400, paid in 1854,
except $557. In 1855 it was $10,000, and in 1856
$15,300. Jerry Skeen was appointed a special agent
to negotiate $30,000 of city bonds in 1856 to pay
the debt and put a little by for an emergency, and
pledged the whole of them for $5000 to bet on the
Democratic ticket that year. The city lost enough
by these operations to make the debt in 1857 $23,740.
In 1859 it was reduced to $9300, raised to $11,500
in 1860, and to $46,000 in 1861. In 1862 it was
reduced to $16,500, in 1863 to $11,250, and later
paid off. The war and big bounties and high prices
left a debt of $368,000 in 1868, which was reduced
to $100,000 in 1869, with $260,000 in cash in the
treasury to pay it, as related in the services of Dr.
Jameson as financial manager of the Council from
1863 to 1869.
In concluding this sketch of the history of the city
and county during the war, it may not be irrelevant
to note that a distinctively German regiment (the
Thirty-second), Col. August Willich, and a distinct-
ively Irish regiment (the Thirty-fifth), Col. John C.
Walker, of Sons of Liberty fame, first, and then
Col. Bernard F. Mullen, were organized and drilled
and prepared for the field in the city camps. How
many men enlisted in them from the city or county
does not appear in the adjutant-general's report, as
the residences are not given in the cases of several
companies of both. The colonels (Willich, Von
Trebra, and Erdelmeyer, of the Thirty-second) were
all of this city, as well as Lieut.- Col. Hans Blume
and Maj. Peter Cappell, but very few others were,
and the residences of none of the enlisted are noted.
Of the Thirty-fifth (Irish) Regiment a roster of the
Marion County men is appended, with those of the
other regiments which contained companies largely
recruited in this city.
The Grand Army of the Republic, a better memo-
rial organization than the Cincinnati of the Revolu-
tionary war, is largely represented among the veterans
of the civil war, and in the city are the General
Thomas Post, and the George H. Chapman Post,
named from the late Gen. Chapman, of the city. The
order in the State is represented by a weekly news-
paper called the Grand Army Guard.
The effect of the war upon the city was instant
and obvious, and increased continually. Previously
the commercial business had been almost wholly
retail, and conducted almost wholly on Washington
Street. There were family groceries and bakeries
and an occasional drug-store dropped about on con-
venient corners in more remote sections, but they
formed no considerable part of the total. With the
impulse derived from the large accumulations of
temporary population and the trades that thrive by
them came a permanent growth of improvements.
A considerable portion of Illinois and Meridian
Streets, between Washington and the depot, had been
open ground, built up in spots with cheap frames on
Illinois and large residences on Meridian. These
vacancies were mainly filled and the little houses put
aside for bigger ones, and both streets made almost
solid masses of building. On Meridian Street they
soon came to be used for wholesale trade chiefly, and
then the commerce of the city may be said to have
first put on an aspect of wholesale trade. There had
been wholesale houses, off and on, since 1857, but
the business did not amount to enough to make it a
distinctive feature of the general city trade. On
Illinois Street retail shops, saloons, and restaurants
took the space, and they, with the hotels, still domi-
nate that now most crowded and busy street of the
city, except Washington. From these, in a year or
two, the improving impulse spread north of Wash-
ington and along the avenues, and began to efface
completely the country-town aspect which the city
had worn in some measure since its foundation, in
spite of the growth imparted by railroads and en-
larged business. With a population of eighteen
thousand six hundred in 1860, and with large manu-
factories scattered about in the creek valley, Indian-
apolis was still only a country town in appearance,
with all its business on one street, and its gas and
322
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
paving and draining barely begun. The magnitude
of the change may be judged from a few facts. In :
1865, the first year of which a full report was made,
" permits" were issued for sixteen hundred and
twenty-one buildings, at an estimated cost of two {
million dollars ; nine miles of streets and eighteen i
miles of sidewalk were graded and graveled, and j
one mile of streets bouldered, four miles of sidewalk \
paved, and three miles lighted with gas. In 1866
the building permits were eleven hundred and twelve,
with an estimated cost of one million and sixty-five
thousand dollars, eight and a half miles of streets
and sixteen miles of sidewalks were graded and
graveled, a third of a mile bouldered, two miles of
sidewalks paved, and three miles lighted. In 1867
the buildings were seven hundred and forty-seven, at
a cost of over nine hundred thousand dollars ; four
and a half miles of .streets and nine miles of side-
walks were graded and graveled, a half mile of
streets was bouldered, two and a quarter miles of
sidewalk paved, and four and a half miles lighted.
This impulse of improvement continued, as heretofore
related, till the panic of 1873 began to be operative
here, about 1874-75, and by that time the population
had swelled to threefold its former mass. It was
eighteen thousand six hundred in 1860, and forty-
eight thousand two hundred in 1870, increased by a
corrected return made a few months later to fifty-two
thousand, or nearly three times the population of the
previous census.
The final development of the city as a centre of
commerce and manufactures would doubtless have
come in time from its natural advantages, if there
had been no war and no artificial advantages to
hasten it, but 1 865 found a breadth and permanence
of growth that would not have been found in 1870 if
there had been no war. A consciousness of strength
was universal, and in the year the war closed, high
as taxes were, the citizens petitioned the Council to
give subsidies to four railroad enterprises, — the Vin-
cennes, sixty thousand dollars ; the Indiana and Illi-
nois Central (now Indianapolis, Decatur and Spring-
field), forty-five thousand dollars ; the Indianapolis,
Bloomington and Western, forty-five thousand dollars ;
and the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Junction, forty-
five thousand dollars. The last took its subsidy upon
the express condition of locating its machine-shops
hero, and didn't do it. The Indiana and Illinois
Central subsidy was never drawn from the treasury,
although many supposed it was. The reorganized
company, the Indianapolis, Decatur and Spring-
field, finished the line to the city very recently, but
never claimed the money. That road is now perma-
nently leased to or consolidated with the Indianapo-
lis, Bloomington and Western, and the forty-five
thousand dollars is a subject of litigation between the
trustee of Centre township and the County Board.
The trustee wants the township's portion of the sub-
sidy for public purposes, and the question is iu court.
CHAPTER XIV.
MARION COUNTY IN TUE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
Sketches of the .Services of Regiments — Rosters of Ofificers and
Enlisted Men from Marion County Serving in the Several
Regiments.
In the following pages arc collected the names of
all the men who entered the service of the United
States for three years from Marion County, where
they formed the whole or greater part of the com-
pany. Names of residents scattered about in com-
panies raised elsewhere are omitted, the inteution
being to preserve the record of Marion County and
Indianapolis companies only. Preceding each is a
brief sketch of the history, condensed from Adjt.-
Gen. Terrell's official report. The names of all offi-
cers, company or field, appointed from the county or
city to any State regiment are given up to the
Seventy-ninth. After that there are no appoint-
ments from this county but of old officers assigned to
new regiments, except in a few cases.
Seventh Regiment. — Colonel, Ebenezer Dumont,
com. Sept. 13, 18lJl ; pro. brig.-gen. U.S. Vols.,
Sept. 3, 1861.
Chaplains, James Kiger, com. Sept. 13, 1861 ;
res. March 13, 1863 ; William R. Jewell, com. Aug.
21, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 20, 1864, time expired.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
323
Surgeon, George W. New, com. Sept. 4, 1861 ;
dis., recom., and must, out Sept. 20, 1864.
Eighth Regiment. — Adjutant, Charles 0. How-
ard, com. Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro. capt. 18th U. S. In-
fantry.
Ninth Regiment. — Quartermaster, James J.
Drum, com. Aug. 28, 1861 ; died at Indianapolis May
31, 1863.
Assistant Surgeon, William B. Fletcher, com.
March 20, 1862; declined.
Tenth Regiment. — First lieutenant Co. F, Sam-
uel C. Vance, com. May 20, 1862 ; dismissed April
27, 1863.
Eleventh Regiment. — The Eleventh Regiment
was reorganized and mustered in for the three years'
service on the 31st of August, 1861, with Lewis
Wallace as colonel, and left Indianapolis for St.
Louis on the 6th of September, arriving there on the
8th, and leaving the day following for Paducah,
Ky. Here Lieut.-Col. George F. McGinnis was
promoted colonel in place of Lewis Wallace, ap-
pointed brigadier-general. The regiment remained
at this post till Feb. 5, 1862, when it was sent up
the Tennessee River to within six miles of Fort
Henry, thence to Fort Heiman, and on the 15th to
Fort Donelson, where it was put in Col. Smith's
brigade of Wallace's division ; engaged in the battle
there, and lost four killed and twenty-nine wounded.
It returned on the 17th to Fort Heiman, and on the
6th of March took steamer to Crump's Landing, a
little below Shiluh battle-field. It took part in the
second day's battle, fighting from half-past five in the
morning to halfpast four in the evening, losing
eleven killed and fifty-two wounded. On the 13th
of April it moved toward Corinth, and during the
last of that month made two marches to Purdy and
back. Corinth being evacuated on the 30th of May,
Wallace's division was ordered to Memphis. In July
it was sent by steamer to Helena, Ark., from which
place, on the 4th of August, it marched to Clarendon,
returning on the 19th, after a march of one hundred
and thirty miles and the loss by guerillas of one
killed and two wounded. During the fall and winter
the regiment engaged in expeditions from Helena to
White River, to Tallahatchie River, to Duvall's
Bluff, and to Yazoo Pass. Col. McGinnis being ap-
pointed brigadier-general in March, 1863, Lieut.-
Col. Dan Macauley was promoted colonel. The
Eleventh embarked from Helena on the 11th of
April and reached Milliken's Bend on the 14th,
where it joined Grant's army, being in McGinnis'
brigade of Hovey's division of McClernand's corps
(the Thirteenth). Upon its arrival the corps pro-
ceeded to Carthage, and thence to Perkins' Planta-
tion, near Grand Gulf. Here the army awaited, on
transports, the result of the attempt of the gunboats
to silence the rebel batteries. The bombardment
proving unsuccessful, the troops were disembarked
and marched around to a point opposite Bruinsburg,
and on the 30th of April were crossed over the
river and marched to Port Gibson, where, on the 1st
of May, an engagement was fought, the regiment
capturing a battery and having a loss of one man
killed and twenty-four wounded. The next day the
town was entered, and on the 3d of May the march
was resumed. On the 16th the Eleventh engaged
in the battle of Champion Hills, losing one hundred
and sixty-seven in killed, wounded, and missing.
On the 19th it moved to Black River, and on the
21st marched to the vicinity of Vicksburg, where it
remained until the 4th of July, when the surrender
took place. The casualties to the regiment during
the siege were three killed and ten wounded. On
the 5th of July it marched with an expedition to
Jackson, Miss., with constant skirmishing on the
way, there being nine men wounded. Returning to
Vicksburg, it remained in camp until August, when
it was transported to New Orleans, and on the 13th
of August, 1862, was sent to Brashear City and
through the Teche Country to Opelousas, near which
place, on the 21st of October, there was a heavy
skirmish. Returning from this expedition, the regi-
ment, on the 20th of November, marched with
Cameron's brigade to the bunks of Lake Tasse, where
a camp was captured. On the 22d of December it
arrived at Algiers, and on the 19th of January, 1864,
marched to Madisonville, where, on the 1st of Feb-
ruary, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. Going
to New Orleans', it embarked on the 4th of March
for New York City, from whence it came to Indian-
324
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
apolis, reaching there on the 21st, where it was pub-
licly received by tlie citizens and addressed by Governor
Morton. Upon the expiration of its veteran fur-
lough the regiment departed for New Orleans, reach-
ing there on the 8th of May, where it remained until
July. On the 11th of July it was assigned to the
Second Brigade, Second Division of the Nineteenth
Army Corps, and on the 19th embarked under
sealed orders. Reaching Fortress Monroe on the
28th, it proceeded to Washington and then to Har-
per's Ferry. Moving to Cedar Creek, it skirmished
all day of the 13th of August, and on the 15th
reached Winchester, from which place it made sun-
dry marches, and on the 22d had a skirmish near
Halltowii. On the 24th in a reconnoissance it lost
two men killed and eight wounded, and on the 6th
of September it had a skirmish at Berryville. On
the 19th it took part in the battle of Opequan, losing
eighty-one in killed and wounded. On the 26th it
pursued the enemy to Fisher's Hill, and on the 22d
was engaged in the battle at that place, skirmishing
all night and following the enemy to Woodstock,
losing two men killed and four wounded. On the
25th it pursued the rebels to New Market, where
they made a stand, but being flanked were forced to
retreat to Harrisonburg, which place was reached by
the regiment on the 26th, skirmishing all the way.
Leaving this place on the 6th of October, the regi-
ment returned to Cedar Creek on the 10th, and on
the 19th was engaged in the battle at that place,
having fifty-two killed, wounded, or missing. Upon
the conclusion of Sheridan's campaign in the Shen-
andoah Valley the troops went to Baltimore, arriving
there on the 7th of January, 1865, where it remained
on duty till its muster-out on the 26th of July, 1865.
On the 3d of August it returned to Indianapolis,
where it was publicly received by the Governor on
behalf of the people of the State on the 4th, and in
a few days afterwards was finally discharged from ser-
vice. During its three years' service the regiment
marched nine thousand three hundred and eighteen
miles.
Lewis Wallace, com. Aug. .31, 1S61 ; pro. brig.-gen. U.S.V. Sept.
8, 1S61; later maj. -gen.
George F. McGinnis, com. Sept. 3, 1S61 ; pro. brig.-gen. U.S.V.
Nov. 29, 1862.
Daniel Macauley, com. March 10, 1863: must, out July 26,
1865, as brev. brig.-gen., term expired,* re-entered service
as col. 9th Regt. Hancock's corps.
Lfeutetiant-Colonels.
George F. McGinnis, com. Aug. 7, 1861; pro. col.
i William J. H. Robinson, com. Sept. 3, 1861 ; res. Sept. 3, 1S62.
Daniel Macauley, com. Sept. 4, 1862; pro. col.
William W. Darnell, com. March 10, 1863; must, out July 26,
1865, term expired.
Majors.
William J. H. Robinson, com. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. lieut.-col,
Daniel Macauley, com. April 21, 1862; pro. lieut.-col.
William W. Darnell, com. Sept. 4, 1862; pro. lieut.-col.
George Rutler, com. March 10, 1863; must, out July 26, 1865,
term expired.
Adjutauls.
Daniel Macauley, com. Aug. 31, 1861; pro. maj.
John P. Megrew, com. April 30, 1802; pro. capt. Co. D.
John T. Macauley, com. May, 1864; pro. capt. Co. E.
QtlartermaBtcra.
Joseph P. Pope, com. Aug. 13, 1S61; must, out June 24, 1863,
for prom, to capt. and A.C.S.
John W. Coons, com. June 14, 1863; must, out Deo. 11, 1864,
term expired,
diaries N. Lee, com. April 30, 1865; must, out July 26, 1865,
term expired.
C/iajjlahi.
Henry B. Hibben, com. August, 1861 ; res. May 12, 1864.
t^itrf/eon.
John A. Comingore, com. Dec. 26, 1862; res. Sept. 13, 1864.
Aaahlant Siiir/eoiis.
Henry Clay Brown, com. Oct. 7, 1S61; died of disease, March,
1862.
John A. Comingore, com. April 9, 1862; pro. surg.
James I. Rooker, com. April 23, 1862 ; add. asst. surg. pro tern.;
recom. asst. surg.
H. F. Barnes, com. April 23, 1862 ; add. asst. surg. pro tem.
William Rockwell, com. March 20, 1863; res. June 27, 1863.
James Wilson, com. Aug. 15, 1863 ; res. Feb. 27, 1865.
William A. Todd, com. April 19, 1 865 ; must, out July 26, 1865,
term expired.
John P. Avery, com. April 20, 1865 ; must, out July 26, 1865,
term expired.
Company A.
Captains.
George Butler, com. Aug. 24, 1861 ; pro. maj.
Henry Kemper, com. March 10, 1863; must, out July 26, 1865,
term expired.
MAKION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
325
First Lieutenanta.
Joseph H. Livsey, com. Aug. 24, 1861; pro. oapt. Co. H.
David B. Hay, com. April 1, 1862; res. Oct. 29, 1862.
Henry Kemper, com. Oct. 30, 1862 ; pro. capt.
Benjamin F. Copeland, com. Maroli 10, 1863; must, out Dec.
12, 1864, term expired.
Edmund P. Tliayer, com. Dec. 13, 1864; pro. capt. Co. B.
William A. Talbott, com. Dec. 14, 1864; hon. disch. May 30,
1865.
Serrtnd Lieutenants.
David B. Hay, com. April 24, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Henry Kemper, com. April 1, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Benjamin F. Copeland, com. Oct. 30, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
George Simmons, com. April 10, 1863; pro. 1st lieut.
Edmund P. Tliayer, com. May 1, 1864; pro. 1st lieut.
Charles G. Loucks, com. Dec. 13, 1864; must, out June 26,
1865, term expired.
CoMPAsr B.
Captains.
Charles W. Lyman, com. Aug. 24, 1861 ; pro. capt. and asst.
qm. U.S.V. Sept. 28, 1861.
Daniel B. Culley, com. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. capt.
Edmund P. Thayer, com. Deo. 14, 1864; must, out July 26,
1865, term expired.
Fii-st Lieutenants.
Daniel B. Culley, com. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. capt.
John P. Megrew, com. Dec. 6, 1861 ; pro. adjt.
Charles N. Lee, com. Jan. 12, 1865; pro. q.m.
Second Lieutenants.
James F. Troth, com. Aug. 31, 1861; res. Sept. 1, 1863.
Charles N. Lee, com. May 1, 1864; pro. 1st lieut.
Company C.
First Lieutenants,
Jacob D. Leighty, com. Nov. 13, 1862; res. Jan. 19, 1864.
George Simmons, com. May 1, 1864; must. Dec. 18, 1864, term
expired.
Second Lieutenants.
Henry McMullen, com. Aug. 31, 1861; pro. 1st lieut.
Stoughton A. Boatright, com. Dec. 19, 1864; must, out July
26, 1865, term expired.
COMPANV D.
Captain,
John P. Megrew, com. Nov. 13, 1862; must, out July 26, 1865,
term expired.
Second Lieutenant.
Lycurgus L. Allison, com. Jan. 1, 1862; res. April 22, 1862,
CoMPANr E.
Caf.iains.
Dewitt C. Rugg, com. Aug. 24, 1861 ; pro. maj. 48th Regt. Ind.
Vols. Nov. 24, 1861.
Nicholas R. Ruckle, com. Deo. 4, 1861; res. Feb. 24, 1865; pro.
col. 148th Ind. Regt.
John T. Macauley, com. Feb. 26, 1865 ; must, out July 26, 1865 ;
term expired.
First Lieutenants,
Henry Tindall, com. Aug. 31, 1861; res. Dec. 15, 1861; re-
entered oapt. 63d Regt.
Henry Wentz, com. Feb. 24, 1863; must, out Deo. 9, 1864,
terra expired.
Second Lieutenants.
Nicholas R. Ruckle, com. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. capt.
Jacob D. Leighty, com. Jan. 13, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut. Co. C.
Henry Wentz, com. Nov. 13, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
George McDougal, com. April 24, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps.
Company F.
First Lieutenant,
John L. Hanna, com. Aug. 24, 1861; res. October, 1862; re-
entered as capt. 79th Regt.
Second Lieutenants.
William C. Baker, com. Jan. 13, 1862 ; res. Oct. 2, 1862.
John T. Macauley, com. May 14, 1864; pro. adjt.
Company G.
First Lieutenant.
David Wilson, com. Sept. 9, 1863; trans, to Co. H.
Second Lieutenant.
John W. Coons, com. Oct. 19, 1862; pro. q.m.
Company H.
Captains.
Frederick Kneffler, com. Aug. 24, 1861 ; app. capt. and
A.A.G. Sept. 8, 1861; col. of 79th Ind. Regt. .and brev.
brig.-gen.
Joseph H. Livsey, com. Jan. 1, 1862; must, out Jan. 1, 1862;
recom. ca]it. March 22, 1863 ; app. capt. and A.A.G. May 5,
1863.
David Wilson, com. May 8, 1865 ; must, out as 1st lieut. July
26, 1865, term expired.
First Lieutenants.
Louis Pause, com. Nov. 12, 1863; trans, to Co. F.
David Wilson, com. Sept. 9, 1863; pro. capt.
Second Lieutenants.
Samuel J. Wilson, com. Aug. 24, 1861; res. Aug. 1, 1862; re-
entered as capt. 54th Ind. Regt.
David Wilson, com. Aug. 1, 1862; pro. 1st lieut. Co. G.
Company K.
Captain.
William W. Darnel, com. Aug. 24, 1861 ; pro. maj.
326
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
First Lieuleiiaiila.
Samuel A. Cramer, com. Aug. 9, 1861; res. May 26, 1862; re-
entered as 1st lieut. 63d Ind. Regt.
Charles MoGinley, com. Sept. 4, 1862; res. Nov. IS, 1864.
William M. Apple, com. Nov. 19, 1864; hon. diseh. June 24,
1865.
Second Lieutenants,
Theodore B. Wightman, com. Aug. 24, 1861 ; res. March 26,
1862; re-entered as 1st lieut. 63d Ind. Regt.
Charles MoGinley, com. May 30, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Sergeant-Major .
Fishback, Owen F., .Jr., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 17,
1862.
Quartermaster-Sergeant,
Greenfield, Daniel C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Jan. 17,
1862.
Commissary-Sergeant.
Test, Miles H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; died at Memphis, Tenn.,
July 15, 1862.
Hospital Steward.
Rockwell, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. asst. surg.
Principal Mcsici.iss.
Biedmaster, Charles A., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
14, 1862.
Macauley, John T., must. Aug. 31, 18G1 ; app. sergt.-maj.;
pro. 2d lieut.
Band.
Armstrong, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 : must, out Aug. 14,
1862.
Bieber, Lonis, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Goldsberry, Samuel S., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug.
14, 1862.
Goldsberry, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 27, 1862,
not a musician.
Henninger, Theodore, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
14, 1862.
Henninger, Edward, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 14,
1862.
Hunt, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Jose, Albert, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Jameson, Alexander C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Dec. 24,
1861, disability.
Kiefer, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Kauffeld, Frederick, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 14,
1862.
Landauer, Frederick, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14,
1862.
Maxen, John H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. April 8, 1862,
not a musician.
Mayhew, James N., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14,
1862.
Perkins, Jewett, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Pyle, John E., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. for disability.
Ruth, Louis, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Peck, George, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; app. qm.-sergt.
Schellsmidt, Ferdinand, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. April 3,
1862, disability.
Webb, Ira C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1862, not a
musician.
Wolfram, Christian, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; disch. May 15, 1862,
disability.
Wagner, Anton, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. April 8, 1862, not
a musician.
Craven, Aries, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Dec. 3, 1861, disa-
bility.
Thyser, Oscar, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 14, 1862.
Enlisted Men, Co. A.
First Sergeant.
Allison, Lycurgus L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut. Co. D.
Sergeantfi.
Kempor, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Copeland, Benjamin F., must. Aug. 31, 1861; pro. 2d lieut.
Simmons, George, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro, 2d lieut.
Thayer, Edmund P., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; pro. 2cl
lieut.
Corporals.
Talbott, Abner F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 19, 1863,
by order of War Dept.
Bradshaw, Oliver L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; diseh. Aug. 16, 1863,
accidental wounds.
Sirronia, Leo D., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. October, 1863,
disability.
Carpenter, Charles E., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; must, out
July 26, 1865.
Greenleaf, Clement A., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out April
26, 1865.
Lawhcad, Frank, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out April 26, 1865.
Hall, Charles F., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Fox, George B., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; diseh. Nov. 16, 1861.
Musicians.
Thayer, Levi C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. May 2, 1S62, dis-
ability. •
Stout, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
agone
Pottage, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; must, out
.July 26, 1865.
Priiatea.
Alexander, Joseph N., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; diseh. Nov. 26, 1862,
disability.
Arnett, Josiah, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; app. corp. ; must, out Aug.
30, 1864.
Avard, Jerome, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
327
Barry, Michael, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 j veteran ; app. corp ; must.
out July 26, 1865.
Barreman, Alexander S., must. Aug. .31, 1361 ; veteran.
Boyce, William G., must. Aug. SI, 1861 ; died Sept. 26, 1864, of
wounds at Winchester.
Brooks, Samuel M., must. Aug. 31, 1S61.
Brown, Jonathan, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Brown, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Burris, Harrison, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Bullock, Ezekiel, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Butterfield, John S., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Burt, Joseph H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Burnian, Cornelius, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Helena Sept.
7, 1862.
Carr, George, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Carleton, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran: killed at
Cedar Creek Oct. 19, 1864.
Clark, Charles T., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Corwin, Oscar B., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Copeland, James T., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1862,
disability.
Cummer, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1S61; died at Paducah Dec.
10, 1861.
Davis, Ebenezer, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; disch. May 8,
1864, for prom, in U. S. colored troops.
Day, Joseph B., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Cairo, 111., Oct. 9,
1862.
Dedart, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; disch. May 26,
1865, disability.
Duchine, Alexander, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Duley, Henry C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Ellis, John S., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died June 1, 1863, of wounds
at Champion Hills.
Fenton, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out July 26,
1865.
Griswold, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1862,
disability.
Greenleaf, William A., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. June 10,
1862, disability.
Hankinson, Joseph H., must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; must, out Sept.
26, 1865.
Hickey, Thomas, must. Aug. 31,1861; veteran; app. sergt.;
must, out July 26, 1865; one of Dr. Kane's men.
Homburg, William C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Aug. 18,
1863, wounds at Shiloh.
Huddleston, James P., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out July 26,
1865.
Ingersoll, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out July 26,
1865.
Jackson, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Kenroy, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. sergt.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Key, Nathan, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Knight, William W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Lendormi, Paulin, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; app. sergt.;
must, out July 26, 1S65.
Loucks, Charles O., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; pro. 2d lieut.
Martin, Frank M., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out April 26,
1865.
McNair, Peter, must. Aug. 31, 1861; died at Paducah Nov. 17,
1861.
McGuey, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Champion Hills
May 16, 1863.
McClain, Josiah B., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Indianapolia
April 28, 1862, of wounds at Fort Donelson.
Mount, William P., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Nones, William C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 16, 1863,
for wounds.
Norton, Michael J., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; must, out
July 26, 1865.
Nye, Edwin, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Phipps, William C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; app. Corp.; must, out
Aug. 30, 1864.
Reynolds, George H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Redfield, Alexander, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Oct. 1, 1861,
disability.
Eeeder, Joseph 11., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Roberts, Benjamin W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; died at Keokuk,
Iowa, Oct. 5, 1862.
Service, Charles F., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Shaw, Daniel W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Smith, Milton D,, must. Aug. 31, 1861 : died May 18, 1863, of
wounds at Champion Hills.
Talbot, William A., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; pro. 1st
lieut.
Thompson, W. H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. June 16, 1863,
.disability.
Williams, Albert J., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Williams, Thomas, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Wills, William F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Wilson, William F., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Winnings, Archibald, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Young, Isaac, must. Aug. 31, 1361; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Enlisted Men, Company B.
First Sergeant.
Winchel, John J., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Clarendon,
Ark., Aug. 13, 1863.
Sergeants,
Henry, Royal R., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Foster, Edwin R., must. Aug. 31, 1861; pro. 1st lieut. U. S.
colored troops.
Calloway, John P., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Simpson, William M., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
328
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Corporah,
Torrence, Bavis, must. Aug. 31, 1S6I ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Kepler, Andrew J., must. Aug. 3], 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Thompson, David J., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Endaly, Elisha, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Johnstone, James A., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran.
Beymer, John G., must. Aug. 3], 1861 ; veteran.
Goodwin, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; app. sergt.-maj. ;
pro. 1st lieut.
Mcllvain, Moses E., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Mnsicianii.
Shawver, Amos, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Ptivaten.
Epler, Jacob, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran: disch. May 15,
1865, for blindness.
Fellinger, John N., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out
July 26, 1865.
Fitzgerald, Isaac, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. for wounds .it
Champion Hills.
Faucet, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. Corp.;
must, out July 26,' 1865.
Fergason, Samuel B., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Gogen, Richard, must. Aug. 31, 1861; trans, to Co. A.
Gardner, Hiram, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Hinsley, Benjamin, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Hidey, Archibald C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Hunter, Washington, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Howard, John F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at New Orleans,
Oct. 10, 1863.
Irick, Adam W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. Istsergt.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Ingling, Apollo, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. Corp.;
sergt. ; must, out July 26, 1865.
Kempton, Almon B., must. Aug. 31, 1S61; must, out Aug, 30,
1864.
Kranse, Albert, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Larimer, Thomas, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. Corp.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Loy, Tobias, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Lowlyes, Hiram T. E., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug.
30, 1864.
Moran, Thomas, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Maugley, Joseph E., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
McKnight, Thomas A., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
30, 1864.
McKinney, Solomon E., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. May 31,
1863, for wounds at Champion Hills.
McLean, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
McNuleff, Daniel, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Helena, Ark.,
Nov. 27, 1862.
Overman, Joseph R., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Owen, Elijah G., must. Aug. 31, 1861; killed at Shiloh April
7, 1862.
Petty, James E., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Pratt, Moses, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; must, out June
24, 1865.
Pile, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Purdy, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Perrin, Pulaski, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Patrick, Rogers, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Deo. 22, 1861,
disability.
Rosemier, Andrew, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Rhoades, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Richardson, David R., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 22,
1861, disability.
Reaves, King H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Shipley, Delancy R., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. October, 1862,
disability.
Shafer, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; app. corp. ; sergt.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Sanders, Jacob, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out July
26, 1865.
Smith, Henry C, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Simpson, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Shuster, Theodore, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; must, out
April 26, 1865.
Snapp, Anamus, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 22, 1862,
disability.
Springer, Ira W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Stockwell, Alfred, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Spotswood, Richard E., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Smith, J. Mortimer, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Thorp, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. Corp.;
sergt. ; must, out July 26, 1865.
Tarrance, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Tarrance, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Thornbrough, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. May 9,
1863, for wounds at Port Gibson.
Viets, Jesse L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Williams, Albert, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Weaver, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Enlisted Men, Company E.
Firat Serfjpant.
Rupley, Michael H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. June 28,
1862, disability.
Sergeants.
Leighty, Jacob D., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Carnes, John C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 28, 1861,
for accidental wounds.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
329
Vanblaricune, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Dec. 13, 1861,
disability.
Carter, \yilliam E., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; pro. 2d lieut.
Corporals.
Smith, William H. H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Cosper, James S., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Champion Hills
May 16, 1863.
Wentz, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Wallace, William B., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Hollopeter, Abel L., must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1S64.
Bodey, Martin F., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Feb. 5, 1863,
disability.
Strong, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; veteran ; app. sergt.; pro.
2d lieut.
Yeadley, Andrew J., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 5, 1862.
Musician,.
Stout, David E., must. Aug. 31, 1 S61 ; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Watson, Elmer, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. May 1, 1862, dis-
ability.
Wa,joner.
Robinson, Matthew B., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disoh. June 6,
1862, disability.
Privates.
Ball, Harrison, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. April 11, 1864, dis-
ability.
Barney, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Barr, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. May 4, 1863, dis-
ability.
Bartlett, Peter E., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. March 20, 1863,
disability.
Bauseman, Amos, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Beam, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Boots, James M., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. March 12, 1863,
disability.
Bralten, Jesse W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. April 16, 1862,
disability.
Brown, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861; died at Memphis July 2,
1863, of wounds at Champion Hills.
Brown, Charles W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; sentenced by G.C.M.
to serve one year over term.
Camp, Joseph M., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; died Oct. 20,
1864, of wounds, Winchester.
Campbell, Charles W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
31, 1864.
Cloud, Anthony P., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Coppock, Jehu L., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
De Long, John, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; died at New Albany, Ind.,
April 1, 1862.
Depew, James W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Helena, Ark.,
Sept. 20, 1862.
Depew, Elijah J., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Paducah, Ky.,
May 6, 1862.
Doherty, Oliver S , must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Eller, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Emery, John, must. Aug. 31,1861; died June 10, 1863, of
wounds at Champion Hills.
Eyestone, George, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Furnish, John L., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disoh. Feb. 24, 1862,
disability.
Hall, William H. H., must. Aug. 31,1861; died at Helena, Ark.,
Nov. 6, 1862.
Haynes, Seymore P., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at St. Louis
June 22, 1863.
Headley, Cornelius, must. Aug. 31, 1861; died May 10, 1862,
of wounds at Shiloh.
Hill, Lewis G., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Memphis July 3,
186.3, of wounds at Champion Hills.
Horn, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Jackson, Edwin C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. April 30,
1862.
Litzell, Peter, must. Aug. 31, 1801.
Long, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Maurde, Lewis C, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Matthews, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; app. Corp.; killed
at Champion Hills.
Maxwell, Hugh, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Meitz, August, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Merryman, George W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disoh. July 11,
1862, disability.
Morris, Garland H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Myers, Jerome, must. Aug. 31, 1801 ; died at Paducah April 16,
1862, of wounds at Shiloh.
McDougall, George P., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
31, 1864.
MoNabb, John 0., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. June 28, 1862,
disability.
McNabb, William C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Sept. 10,
1862, disability.
Rinhart, John H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at St. Louis July
2, 1863, of wounds at Champion Hills.
Rockwell, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Shafer, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Shull, Freeman F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Paducah, Ky.,
Nov. 16, 1861.
Shell, Henry, must. Aug. 31,1861; app. corp. ; killed at Cham-
pion Hills May 16, 1863.
Smith, Samuel, must. Aug. 31, 1861; died May 16, 1862.
Smith, Philander, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. June 30, 1862.
Spetler, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Stewart, Jacob, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
330
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Steward, David ^V., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Turner, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Paducah, Ky.,
Oct. 7, 1861.
Vance, Van Buren, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. July 8, 1862,
disability.
Whitcomb, William E., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Woodcox, Nelson C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; discb. Dec. 13, 1861,
disability.
Es'i.isTKD Men, Company H.
First Sergeant.
Hacker, James V., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
S.riienut».
Boatright, S. A., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to Co. C;
pro. 2d lieut.
Griffin, Frank F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Paducah, Ky.,
Oct. 24, 1861.
Rhoads, William F., must. Aug. 31, 1361; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Bingham, William B., must. Aug. 31, 1861: disch. June 18,
1863, for pro. in V. S. colored troops.
forporah.
Carrell, William M., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Skinner, William B., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Champion
Hills May 16, 1863.
Bodkin, Henry C, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Wilson, David, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 2a lieut.
Welsh, Michael, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; lost in disaster
of steamer "Sultana" April 27, 1865.
Mii9rciait8.
Ewing, William B., must. Aug. 31, 186] ; died .it Helena, Ark.,
Sept. 29, 1862.
Robinson, John R., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. July, 1862.
Wayoiter.
Hoskins, Robert, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Pr!vute«.
Attland, Hiram, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. July 14,1862,
disability.
Bard, John W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Bentley, Edwin F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1862.
Branam, Landus, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1862.
Brooks, Charles A., must. Aug. 31, 1861 : died at Indianapolis
Aug. 31, 1862.
Coats, Joseph G., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Coleman, Henry C, must. Aug. 31, 1S61.
Crawford, John T., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Devan, John W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
France, Cyrus H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Friend, Peter, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Jackson, Miss.,
July 17, 1863.
Glidewell, James, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 : killed at Champion
Hills May 16, 1S63.
Goddard, Samuel, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Graver, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at St. Louis July 19,
1863, of wounds at Champion Hills.
Hadden, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864,
Heath, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Hill, John W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Huddleson, Irvin, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Jenkins, Andrew T., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Jerls, John W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Johnson, Barclay R., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
King, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Larimore, Washington M., must. .'iug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
30, 1864.
Maher, Patrick, must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. April 9, 1863,
disability.
Mathena, Thomas J., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Meltzer, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Miller, Edward, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Mills, Edwin H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Shiloh April 7,
1862.
Moore, William R., must. Aug. 31, 1861. ■
Moore, Thomas C, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Morris, William P., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
McAlistor, John A., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. June 10,1864,
disability.
Mcintosh, William H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug.
30, 1864.
Negley, David D., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Aug. 4, 1864,
for pro. to 124th Regt.
Neiman, Jacob F., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; app. corp. ;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Newberry, Jefferson, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Norton, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. corp. ;
must, out .July 26, 1865.
Odell, Sanford T., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Osborn, .John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at Memphis July 20,
1862.
Parks, John W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; killed at Fort Donelson
Feb. 15, 1862.
Parr, William M., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Pollam, Martin L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
Pollam, Samuel, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Robinson, John R , must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; app. sergt. ;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Rhom, George W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
331
Ruckle, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Shiloh April 7,
1862.
Shultz, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30, 1864.
Stapp, Thomas, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. sergt. ;
must, oat July 26, 1865.
Stephenson, William L., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Tifiy, Isaac, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Wells, James D., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 30,
1864.
West, Andrew J., must. Aug. 31, 1861; died at Warrenton,
Miss., June 28, 1863.
Williams, Henry F., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Enlisted Men, Company K.
First Sergeant.
Franklin, Charles W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Sergeants.
Friok, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
McGinley, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1861; pro. 2d lieut.
Bemer, Oscar F., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Frank, Frederick, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Corporals.
Dixon, Wiley H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Seifritz, Thomas, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Feb. 21,
1865.
Childs, George D., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 17, 1862,
disability.
Dodd, William H. H., must. Aug. 31, 1861; killed at Shiloh
April 7, 1862.
Vandegrift, Millard, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Muslrinns.
Darnall, Lewis L., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Oct. 6, 1862,
disability.
Lendormi, Ernest, must. Aug. 31, 1S61; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Wagoner.
Green, James, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Privates.
Ackerman, Sebastian, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Apple, Andrew J., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out
July 26, 1865.
Apple, Henry F., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Apple, John V., must. Aug. 31, 1861; killed at Grand Gulf
May 19, 1863.
Apple. William M., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; pro. 1st
lieut.
Bastian, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; must, out
July 26, 1865.
Barrenfinger, Christian, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Feb.
12, 1865.
Brown, Charles H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; killed at Chami)ion
Hills May 16, 1863.
Brown, Cyrus W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran.
Belser, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Bierbower, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. q.m.-
sergt. ; must, out July 26, 1865.
Brackel, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out July
26, 1865.
Blake, John C, must. Aug. 31, 1S61 ; trans, to Vet. Res,
Corps.
Burris, Miles, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died at New Orleans June
20, 1864.
Buesing, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; died Oct. 8,
1864, of wounds at Winchester.
Brown, William T., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Cooke, James M., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Corrigan, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; app. corp. ;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Crutchfield, James N., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Crosley, Joseph L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; died at New
Orleans May 16, 1864, of accidental wounds.
Deitz, Anton, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Ege, William W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. April 17, 1863,
disability.
Elbrict, Henry, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Feb. 21, 1865.
Ernst, Lewis, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Feb. 21, 1865.
Faas, Christian, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A ; must.
out Aug. 30, 1864.
Fleming, George W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran j app. sergt, ;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Gassey, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Giles, George W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Griffin, John W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Hale, Andrew M., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Hinds, James H., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; app. corp.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Haffy, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Huber, George, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Jenkins, John C, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; must, out
June 24, 1865.
Jourigan, Eli, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran; app. corp. ; must.
out July 26, 1865.
Junker, Herm.an, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Kesler, William, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 13, 1862,
disability.
Knodel, Ernst, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Kraipke, Charles, must. Aug. 31, 1801; veteran; app. sergt.
disch. April 12, 1864, for wounds.
Law, Warner, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Linderman, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
332
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
McCue, John, must. Aug. ,31, 1S61 ; disch. Dee. 24, 1861, disa-
bility.
Miller, Julius, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. corp.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Miller, Lewis, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out July 26,
1865.
Moran, John, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps.
Newman. George, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Pickel, Daniel, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. sergt.j
must, out July 26, 1865.
Perry, James W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. Corp.;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Perry, Lyourgus, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; died at Fred-
erick Sept. 13, 1864, of wounds received at Halltown.
Rufert, Herman, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Koarerty, Joseph, must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Shultz, Frederick, must. Aug. 31, 1S61; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Sykes, George W., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Strauser, Herman, must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Thurber, Edward E., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Tedrow, Goorge W., must. Aug. 31, 1861.
Townsend, Thomas, must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Whaley, Elias, must. Aug. 31, 1861; veteran; app. sergt. ;
must, out July 26, 1865.
Walker, George G., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Wilson, James P., must. Aug. 31, 1861; disch. Sept. 17, 1862,
disability.
Wite, John L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; veteran ; disch. May 24,
1865, for wounds.
White, John S., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31, 1864.
Warfield, William W., must. Aug. 31, 1861; killed at Shiloh
April 7, 1862.
Weigart, William L., must. Aug. 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 31,
1864.
Young, John B., must. Aug. 31, 1861; must, out Aug. 31,
1S64.
Thirteenth Regiment. — This regiment first en-
listed iu the State service for a year, but was changed
to a three years' national regiment in camp in this
city. It left here July 4, 1861, and joined Gen.
McClellan's forces at Rich Mountain on the 10th;
fought next day, losing eight killed and nine wounded.
After this for several months it was engaged on the
Cheat River Mountains in all kinds of service, help-
ing to defeat Gen. Lee at Cheat Mountain, 12th and
13th of September. It was then scouting through
the Kanawha and Holly River region, went to Bev-
erly, Va., and thence went to join Gen. Lander. In
March, 1862, it was put in Gen. Shields' division,
went to Winchester, and after a short excursion to
Strasburg engaged in the battle of Winchester,
lo.sing six killed and thirty-three wounded. It
thence joined the pursuit of Stonewall Jackson as
far as Columbia Bridge. In a reconnoissance at
Summerville it lost four wounded and twenty-four
prisoners. It then went to Harrison's Landing, on
James River, and remained till the evacuation on
15th of August, and went to Fortress Monroe. For
nine months it was on the Nansemond River ; en-
gaged in the battle of Deserted Farm, Jan. 30, 1863,
the defeat of Gen. Longstreet, April 10th to May 3d,
and tore up forty miles of railway track from two
railroads in six days in May. In these operations it
marched four hundred miles, lost two killed, nine-
teen wounded, and seven prisoners. On August 3d
it reached Charleston Harbor, and remained till Feb-
ruary 23d, engaging in all the fighting on Morris
Island and at Forts Wagner and Gregg. From Feb.
23 to April 17, 1864, it was at Jacksonville, Fla.
It was then in all Gen. Butler's operations south of
Richmond and was conspicuous at Wathal Junction,
losing in all its engagements two hundred men. On
June 1st it joined the Army of the Potomac. It was
engaged at Cold Harbor and about there till the 1 2th
of June. On the 15th it joined the assault on the
rebel works at Petersburg. The non-veterans left on
the 19th and came to this city, where they were mus-
tered out June 24th. The others were engaged at
Petersburg, and after the explosion remained in the
trenches till September. It was in the battle of
Strawberry Plains on the 15th of September, and in
the operations against Richmond on the north side
of the James River, at Chapin's Bluff and Fort Gil-
more, and the attack on the rebel works in front of
Richmond, Oct. 10, 1864. In November it was sent
I to New York to keep the peace at the election ; then
joined the expedition to Fort Fisher, and returned to
Chapin's Bluff on the 31st of December. When the
non-veterans left Gen. Butler consolidated the vet-
erans and recruits and made five companies, in-
creased to a full regiment by five companies of
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OP THE REBELLION.
333
drafted men. On the 3d of January, 1865, it
sailed for Fort Fisher, joined in the attack on
the 15th, in the capture of Fort Anderson on the
19th, and the occupation of Wilmington, N. C, on
the 22d. After some weeks it went to Raleigh,
thence to Goldsborough. On the 5th of September
it was mustered out, and reached Indianapolis on the
15th, with twenty-nine officers and five hundred and
fifty enlisted men.
Coloneh.
Robert S. Foster,' com. April 30, 1S62 ; pro. brig.-gen. June 12,
1S63.
Cyrus J. Dobbs,! com. June 13, 1S63; must, out Aug. 5, 1864;
re-entered as lieut.-col. in Hancock's corps.
Surgeon.
Alois D. GaXl, com. Jan. 25, 1862; res. July 15, 1863 ; was asst.
surgeon June 19, 1861.
Company A.
Captains.
Cyrus J. Dobbs, com. April 23, 1861 ; pro. major.
Abner L. Newland, com. Dec. 7, 1861 ; res. July 7, 1863.
Lewis H. Daniels, com. July 8, 1S63; must, out July 1, 1864,
time out.
First Lieutenants.
George E. Wallace, com. April 2.3, 1861; res. Dec. 9, 1S61.
Frank Ingersoll, com. April 20, 1862; res. June 24, 1862.
Martin Hall, com. June 25, 1862 ; resigned.
Secimd Licutriiants.
George H. Rapp, com. April 23, 1801; res. Oct. 15, 1861.
Frank Ingersoll, com. April ], 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Lewis H. Daniels, com. Oct. 17, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
George M. Bishop, com. April 1, 1864 ; must, out as sergt., time
out.
COJIPANT H.
Captains,
Wharton R. Clinton, com. April 23, 1861 ; res. March 6, 1863.
Wallace S. Foster, com. April 1, 1S63 ; res. July 29, 1863.
William S. O'Neal, com. July 30, 1863 ; mu.st. out July 8, 1864,
time expired.
First Lieutenants.
D. P. Price, com. April 23, 1861; res. Deo. 24, 1861.
Wallace S. Foster, com. Jan. 15, 1862; pro. oapt.
William S. O'Neal, com. April 1, 1863; pro. oapt.
Second Lieutenants.
George Seese, com. April 23, 1861 ; died August, 1861.
William S. O'Neal, com. Dec. 7, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut.
^ Both were lieutenant-colonels and majors, and Dobbs was
captain of Co. A.
E.VLISTED Me.v, CosrPANT A.
First Sergeant.
Ingersoll, Frank, must. June 19, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Sergeants.
Sneeman, Edward, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Oct. 16, 1862,
for wounds.
Bishop, George M., must. June 19, 1861; app. 1st sergt; must.
out July 1, 1864.
Owings, Nathaniel J., must. June 19, 1861; pro. capt. d7th
Regt.
Walters, James C, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1862,
disability.
Corporals.
Bankhart, Joseph, must. June 19, 1S61 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Claridge, Daniel, must. June 19, 1861; reduced; must, out
July 1, 1864.
Newhall, Charles E., must. June 19, 1861; reduced; must, out
July 1, 1864.
Renno, John, must. June 19, 1861.
Snyder, Charles, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Sept. 18,1862,
disability.
Ackerly, George H., must. June 19, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Hastier, Frank, must. June 19, 1861; trans, to 20th Regt.
Engeln, William, must. June 19, 1861.
Musicians.
Watson, Morris, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 16, 1862, dis-
ability.
Newland, Harrod, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Wagoner.
Hall, Martin, must. June 19, 1861.
Prirates.
Anderson, John, must. June 19, 1861; app. wagoner; must,
out July 1, 1864.
Bachman, Benjamin, must. June 19, 1861; app. corp. ; must,
out July 1, 1864.
Bailey, Alpheus, must. June 19, 1861; app. sergt.; veteran;
trans, to 13th Regt.
Barrett, Green, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt., reorganized.
Benkley, John, must. June 19, 1861.
Blesser, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861 : killed at Rich Mountain.
Boots, George, must. June 19, 1861.
Brice, James G., must. June 19, 1861 ; app. sergt.; must, out
July 1, 1864.
Brown, William D., must. June 19, 1S61; veteran; trans, to
13th Regt.
Clark, Enos, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Sept. 7, 1862, dis-
ability.
Clark, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Oct. 7, 1862, dis-
ability.
Clarkson, Josiah, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864,
334
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Clifton, Benjamin, must. June 19, 1S61; veteran; trans, to
13th Regt.
Crumbo, Charles, must. June 19, 1S61 ; disch. Nov. 23, 1861,
for wounds.
Cullen, Garrett, must. June 19, ISOl: veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Curl, Matthew, must. June 19, 1S61; killed at Foster's Farm
May 20, 1S64.
Daniels, Lewis H., must. June 19, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Diekett, John G., must. June 19, 1861; disch. Aug. 3, 1861,
disability,
Dillon, Alexander, must. June 19, 1861.
Donivan, Timothy, must. June 19, 1861 ; died from sunstroke
July 7, 1861.
Duncan, James, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 3, 1862, dis-
ability.
Eiver, Gottlieb, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Ettinger, Gustavus, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Jan. 16, 1S62,
for wounds received.
Foreaere, Virgil, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Jan. 28, 1862,
disability.
Forney, Adam, must. Juno 19, 1861; trans, to oth U. .S. Cav.
Forrest, James A. must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Free, George, must. June 19, ISGl ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Pullman, Christian, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Oct. 16, 1862,
disability.
Fullghern, Charles, must. Juno 19, 1861.
Gappan, Samuel, must. June 19, 1861.
Gillmore, William S., must. June 19, 1861 ; captured May 10,
1864, at Chester station.
Gillmore, Henry S., must. June 19, 1861 ; captured ; disch. May
24, 1862.
Graham, George, must. June 19, 1S61 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Grave, Clark, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 16, 1862, dis-
ability.
Ha"-erty, James, must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Hammond, Rezin, must. June 19, 1S61.
Hesse, George H., must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1,
1864.
Hilton, Andrew, must. June 19, 1861; captured; disch. May
24, 1864.
Irick, Samuel, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Aug. 11, 1862, dis-
ability.
Irick, George W., must. June 19, 1861.
Kief, David L., must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Kimball, George H., must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1,
1864.
Landskron, Robert, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 7, 1861,
disability.
Larkin, James, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Latterman, Adam, must. .Tune 19, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Langsdorff, Theodore, must. June 19, 1861; sergt. ; veteran;
trans, to 13th Regt.
Lower, .Solomtin, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Ludgate, Edwin, must. June 19, 1861 ; died Deo. 23, 1861, from
railroad accident.
Lynch, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 29, 1862, dis-
ability.
Madden, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
M.adden, John W., must. June 19, 1861 ; .app. sergt. ; must.
out July I, 1864.
Mackey, Robert, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July I, 1864.
Malone, David H., must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to
13th Regt.
Martin, John R., must. June 19, 1861; died of wounds at Ber-
muda Hundred May 21, 1864.
Meyer, Henry, must. June 19, 1861; captured; disch. May 24,
1862.
Michael, Philip, must. June 19, 1861; app. Corp.; must, out
July 1, 1864.
Miller, James K., must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Mitchell, Charles, must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Mitchell, Origen, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Morgan, Daniel W., must. June 19, 1861; veteriin ; trans, to
13th Regt.
Morris, Henry, must. June 19, 1861; died Sept. 24, 1861.
Murphy, Jonathan, must. June 19, 1861 ; died Aug. 7, 1861.
McKinley, Alexander, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Dec. 26,
1862, disability.
Perkins, Benjamin, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Aug. 3, 1861,
disability.
Quillard, Victor D., must. June 19, 1861 ; app. sergt. ; killed at
Cold Harbor.
Quigley, William, must. June 19, 1861 ; captured; disch. May
24, 1862.
Quigley, Matthew, must. June 19, 1861; captured; disch. May
24, 1862.
Raimer, William G., must. June 19, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Reynolds, William II., must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to
13th Regt.
Rogers, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861.
Savage, William E., must. June 19, 1861; app. Corp.; must.
out July 1, 1864.
Sloan, John W., must. June 19, 1861 : must, out July 1, 1864.
Smith, Nelson W., must. June 19, 1861; killed at Winchester
March 23, 1862.
Smith, Thomas, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Sohn, Charles, must. June 19, 1861; discharged.
Stodard, Frank, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
335
Thomburg, John, must. June 19, 1S61 ; must, out July 1, 18C4.
Vogan, John, must. June 19, 1S61 ; lulled .at Foster's Farm
May 19, 18114.
Wallace, Jeremiah, must. June 19, 1S61 ; must, out July 1,
18G4.
Weaver, George, must. June 19, 1861 ; died Sept. 22, 1861.
Worrall, James R., must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Zimmerman, Gottlieb, must. June 19, 1S61 ; veteran ; trans, to
13th Regt.
Rerruili.
Cook, James, must. June 19, ISGl ; captured at Cold Harbor
June 1, 1S64.
Conway, Martin, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Doherty, James, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Ketchum, William, must. June 19, 1861 : trans, to 13th Regt.
Lander, Edward, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Moriarty, Patrick, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Enlisted Men, Compasv H.
First Sergeant.
Clinton, John R., must. June 19, 1861; disch. Sept. 9, 1861,
disability.
SergeautB,
Clark, Augustus M., must. June 19, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
O'Neal, William S., must. June 19, 1S61 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Fox, Joseph W., must. June 19, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Hymer, Stewart B., must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1,
1864.
Corj)orah.
Durst. William A., must. June 19, 1861: reduced; must, out
July 1, 1S64.
Woods, John W., must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 3, 1861,
for wounds at Rich Mountain.
Cary, Carr, must. June 19, 1861; app. sergt.; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Yewell, Solomon, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. July 11, 1862,
dis.ability.
Noakes, David, must. June 19, ISCl ; died June 4, 1S64, of
wounds at Chester Station.
Trautvelt, Richard, must. June 19, 1861; veteran: trans, to
13th Regt.
McConnell, Martin V., must. June 19, 1861 : app. sergt. ; must.
out July 1, 1864.
Morrison, Samuel, must. June 19, 1S61 ; app. sergt.; veteran;
trans, to 13th Regt.
Vaudy, W.ilter, must. June 19,1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Jones, Richard, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Wagoner.
Mitchell, Robert S., must. June 19,1861; must, out July!, 1864.
PrirntcK.
Barriklaw, Perry, must. June 19, 1861 ; app. Corp.; must, out
July I, 1864.
Bear, Peter A., must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Berth, William H., must. June 19, 1861.
Bell, Benjamin, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 17, 1861, dis-
ability.
Blatter, Frank, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Brannon, Scranton, must. June 19, 1861; trans, to U. S. Cav.
Brown, Jackson, must. Juno 19, 1861 ; died at Beaufort, S. C,
Oct. 23, 1862.
Burrows, John, must. June 19, 1861 ; diseh. Oct. 15, 1862, dis-
ability.
Burnett, George T., must. June 19, 1861 ; app. corp. ; veteran;
trans, to 13th Regt.
Carr, Henry, must. June 19, 1 861 ; disch. Oct. 9, 1S61, disability.
Carroll, Charles, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Carnagua, James W., must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. September,
1861, for wounds at Rich Mountain.
Chesel, Frank, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Cook, Norval L., must. June 19,1861; disch. Nov. 20, 1S62,
disability.
Custer, Thomas, must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Culbertson, Hugh, must. June 19, 1861; diseh. Oct. 9, 1861,
disability.
Depuy, Franklin, must. June 19, 1861.
Donovan, Obadiah, must. June 19, IbUi ; disch. Oct. 15. 1863
disability.
Drum, James A., must. June 19, 1861 ; veter.an ; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Ellison, James R., must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Erwin, Robert, must. June 19, 1861.
Fletcher, Samuel, must. June 19, 1S61 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
GalLagher, Oscar, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Gardner, Samuel, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 15, 1862,
disability.
Gass, Lewis, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Greenwood, Thomas J., must. June 19, 1861.
Heath, George H., must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1863,
disability.
Hemphill, Thomas J., must. June 19, 1861.
Haines, William, must. June 19. 1861; disch. Deo. 17, 1861,
disability.
Hoffman, Hiram F., must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. August, 1863,
disability.
Jennings, Clark, must. June 19, 1861; wounded at Deserted
House; app. corp.; must, out July 1, 1864.
Johnston, Thomas, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1,
1864.
Judd, Phineas, must. June 19, 1861.
Kelley, John, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. June 30, 1862, disa-
bility.
Kirk, John, must. June 19, 1861; disch. September, 1863, dis-
ability.
Koehler, Christian, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 15, 1862,
disability.
336
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Lewis, William, must. June 19, 1S61 ; app. Corp.; veteran;
trans, to l.Sth Regt.
Love, James, must. June 19, 1861 ; died at Folly Island, S. C,
Deo. 10, 1863.
Lucas, David, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Lynch, Edward, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; killed near
Petersburg September, 1864.
Lynch, James, must. June 19, 1861.
Lyons, Martin, must. June 19, 1861 ; must out July 1, 1864.
Maloney, William, must. June 19, 1861 ; app. Corp.; trans, to
13th Regt.
Mullen, Harrison, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Mullen, Lemuel, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Mulcahey, John, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Mnrrell, Henry, must. June 19, 1S61 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Morris, Morton, must. Juno 19, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 9, 1861, disa-
bility.
Moore„ Thomas U., must. June 19, 1861; dishon. disch. by
G.C.M. Dec. 14, 1861.
Morrison, John, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps
Aug. 15, 1863.
Morrison, Squicr, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. June 17, 1862,
disability.
McFarren, George, must. June 19, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head
Jan. 2, 1864.
McNelius, James, must. June 19, 1S61 ; veteran ; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Niegle, Karl, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Pemberton, John, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Reese, Norman, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 9, 1861, dis-
ability.
Redmond, John F., must. June 19, 1861 ; app. corp. , veteran ;
trans, to 13th Regt.
Ritter, Henry, must. June 19, 1861; disch. June 17, 1862, dis-
ability.
Robinson, Di.xon, must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Sanders, Addison, must. June 19, 1S61.
Seely, Hiram, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Seely, Charles, must. June 19, 1861; disch. May 25, 1863,
for wounds at Winchester.
Sievers, Fritz H. L., must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 26, 1863,
disability.
Shaw, Thomas, must. June 19, 1861 ; died Dec. 10, 1863.
Smith, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 13th
Regt.
Smith, Benjamin, must. June 19, 1861; died April 29, 1862.
Smith, Oliver, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Nov. 15, 1862, dis-
ability.
Sorge, John S., must. June 19, 1861; disch. March 14, 1863,
disability.
Sorter, William, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1863, dis-
ability.
Steiger, Henry, must. June 19, 1861; disch. Oct. 9, 1S61, disa-
bility.
Stepp, William T., must. June 19, 1861; app. sergt. ; veteran;
trans, to 13th Regt.
Stoots, Joseph, must. June 19, 1861.
Sullivan, Timothy B., must. June 19, 1861; disch. Nov. 15,
1862, disability.
Tawney. Lewis, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Thompson, Allen T., must. June 19, 1861 ; killed at Rich
Mountain July 11, 1861.
Thornburgh, Isaac, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to
13th Regt.
Thornburgh, Oeorge, must. June 19, 1801; must, out July 1,
1864.
Violory, Peter, must. June 19, 1861 ; must, out July 1, 1864.
Wilson, John, must. June 19, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 20, 1862, dis-
ability.
Wilson, George, must. June 19, 1861; must, out July 1, 1864.
Williams, Lazarus, must. June 19, 1861; scout; captured and
never heard from.
Winters, William, must. June 19, 1861; veteran; trans, to
13th Regt.
Becruiln.
Brown, James, must. June 19, 1861; trans, to 13th Regt.
Bossce, Clemens, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Finke, William, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Gibbon, Conrad, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Huber, Jacob, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Hamler, August, must. June 19, 1861 ; trans, to 13th Regt.
Lowery, George E., must. June 19, 1861 : trans, to 13th Regt.
Sabatcke, William, must. June 19, 1861 ; killed at Chester
Station May 10, 1864.
Note. — The "transfer to the Thirteenth Regiment," which
occurs so often, means to the regiment after its reorganization.
Eighteenth Regiment.
Lieutenant- Colonel.
James B. Black, com. Jan. 1, 1865; was maj., and pro. 1st
lieut. and capt. Co. H; must. out.
Adjutant.
George S. Marshall, com. Aug. 13, 1861 ; pro. capt. and A. A. 6.
S. Clay Brown, com. June 7, 1864; must, out with regt.
Nineteenth Regiment. — Organized July 29,
1861. at Indianapolis, with Solomon Meredith as
colonel, it went to the Army of the Potomac August
9th, and lost three killed and wounded and three
prisoners at Lewinsville September 11th. It had
not much to do then till the night of Aug. 28, 1862,
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
337
when a severe engagement with Ewell's command
lost it one hundred and eighty-seven killed and
wounded and thirty-three prisoners. At the battle
of South Mountain, September 14th, it lost forty
killed and wounded and seven missing. At Antie-
tam it went into the battle with two hundred officers
and men, and came out with thirty of both. It was
next engaged in Burnside's attack on the works in
the rear of Fredericksburg. At Fitzhugh's Cross-
ing, April 28, 1863, it lost four killed and wounded.
It reached Gettysburg just as the battle opened on
the 1st of July. It was tBe first infantry force to
engage, and assisted in capturing Archer's rebel
brigade. In the afternoon it resisted the charge
made on the First and Eleventh Corps, losing in
killed and wounded two hundred and ten men of
two hundred and eighty-eight that went into the
fight. It was not much engaged after this until it
joined Grant's movement on Richmond. It was in
the battles of tlie Wilderness, North Anna, Laurel
Hill, and Cold Harbor. It was also engaged in the
siege of Petersburg. It lost after crossing the
Rapidan with Grant, — May 4th to July 30th, —
killed, thirty-six ; severely wounded, ninety-four ;
slightly wounded, seventy-four ; missing, sixteen ;
in all, two hundred and twenty. The non-veterans
left in August, and were mustered out here. The
remainder of the regiment, with the recruits, went
South with the Iron Brigade, to cut the Weldon
Railroad, in August. In September the remainder
of the Seventh Regiment was consolidated with the
Nineteenth, taking its name. It remained in the
intrenchments at Petersburg till Oct. ' 18, 1864,
when it was consolidated with the Twentieth Regi-
ment. All served together till the muster-out at
Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865.
Colouel.
John M. Lindley, com. May 13, ISG-t; must, out as lieut.-col.
Oct. 24, 1864, on consolidation with 20th Regt. : had been
lieut.-col. and maj., and capt. Co. F.
Adjutant.
John P. Wood, com. July 29, 1861 ; res. May 'iO, 1862.
James S. Drum, com. July'29, 1861; res. July 31, 1862; pro.
A.C.S.
22
John A. Cottman, com. Oct. 1, 1862; hon. disch. May 2, 1864;
pro. A.C.S.
AsHistant Surgeons.
William H. Kendrick, com. July 29, 1861; resigned.
J. N. Green, com. Sept. 14, 1861; res. Dec. 28, 1862.
Company D.
First Lieutenants.
Henry Vandegrift, com. July 29, 1861 ; resigned.
Lewis M. Yeatman, com. Feb. 12, 1863 ; must, out, time ex-
pired.
Second Lieutenants.
Fredericlt R. Hale, com. July 29, 1861 ; res. Nov. 28, 1861.
Lewis M. Teatman, com. Oct. 14, 1862 ; pro. Ist lieut.
George W. Huntsman, com. Feb. 12, 1863 ; dismissed by
G.C.M. Dec. 5, 1863.
Company F.
Captains.
John M. Lindley, com. July 29, 1861; promoted.
James R. Nash, com. April 1, 1S64; must, out Oct. 22, 1864,
time expired.
First Lieutenants.
Benjamin F. Reed, com. July 29, 1861; res. Sept. 21, 1861.
John A. Cottman, 1 com. Oct. 15, 1861; assigned to q.m.
James R. Nash,^ com. May 21, 1863 ; pro. capt.
Company H.
First Lieutenant.
Theodore Hudnot, com. July 29, 1861 ; resigned.
Enlisted Men, Company D.
First Seryennt.
Tousey, Omer, must. July 29, 1861; discharged.
Seri/eants.
Huntsman, George W., must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded.
Craft, Richard P., must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded.
Lawrence, Thomas R., must. July 29, 1861.
Kanselmeir, William, must. July 29, 1861 ; died July 19, 1862.
Corporals.
Shipley, James A., must. July 29, 1861; died at Washington
Sept. 8, 1861.
Whitney, Edward B., must. July 29, 1S61 ; app. sergt. ;
wounded.
Bare, James 0., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; killed in the
Wilderness May 5, 1864.
Johnson, Hutchinson, must. July 29, 1861; killed at Gaines-
ville Aug. 28, 1862.
McRoberts, Charles L., must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28,
1864.
Bare, DeWitt, must. July 29, 1S61 ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Phelps, Henry, must. July 29, 1861; must, out July 28, 1864.
^ Last two also second lieutenants.
338
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Jack, Walter P., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Rice, George, must. July 29, 1861.
Davis, James W., must. July 29, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 2, 1861.
Wayouer.
McCoy, Benjamin F., must. July 29, 1861.
Aiken, Daniel, must. July 29. 1861 ; veteran; wounded; trans.
to 20th Regt.
Alley, Oliver, must. July 29, 1S61.
Amick, Washington, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gaines-
ville Aug. 28, 1862.
Andrick, Jacob, must. .July 29, 1861.
Arnold, William, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded;
trans, to 20th Regt.
Baker, James, must, .tuly 29, 1861.
Baker, Isaac, must. July 29, 1861.
Ball, Ahab K., must. July 29, 1861.
Bachus, Matthias, must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Bell, Henry, must. July 29, 1861.
Blair, Milton, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded at Pe-
tersburg ; trans, to 20th Regt.
Boyd, John T., must. July 29, 18C1 ; died Sept. 23, 1801, at
Washington.
Burroughs, John, must. July 29, 1861.
Cooper, James M., must. July 29, 1861; died Dec. 17, 1862.
Curson, Edward, must. July 29, 1861; wounded; must, out
July 28, 1864, as sergt.
Corragan, James, must. July 29, ISGl.
Cowgill, Isaac, must. July 29, 1861.
Cutshaw, Harvey N., must. July 29, 1861.
Colloway, Thomas, must. July 29, 1861.
Darragh, Gillett, must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; captured at
Cold Harbor ; trans, to 20th Regt.
Dimmick, William H., must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28,
1864.
Dolph, Joseph, must. July 29, 1861; died July 7, 1862.
Dornaw, William, must. July 29, 1861; killed at Gainesville
Aug. 28, 1862.
Drysdale, Henry F., must. July 29, 1861.
Dunn, John C, must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Eddy, John, must. July 29, ISBl; killed at Gainesville Aug.
28, 1862.
Everts, William, must. July 29, 1861; wounded; must, out
July 28, 1864.
Fidler, Nelson, must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Flagg, William, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded.
Fletcher, William, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; app. corp. ;
wounded ; trans, to 20th Regt.
Fletcher, John M., must. July 29, 1861; wounded at Wilder-
ness.
Gattenby, John, must. July 29, 1861 : veteran; wounded; trans.
to 20th Regt.
Galloway, Harvey, must. July 29, 1861.
Green, William H., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to
20th Regt.
Hamilton, John, must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Henderson, John, must. July 29, 1861.
Henderson, Richard T., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans.
to 20th Regt.
Henby, Williiim B., must. July 29, 1861; must, out July 28,
1864.
Horney, William A., must. July 29, 1861 ; died at Washington
March 31, 1862.
Holloway, David S., must. July 29, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Homiday, Clark, must. July 29, 1861 ; died July 24, 1863.
Hobbs, Harvey, must. July 29, 1861.
Hughes, James L., must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville
Aug. 28, 1862.
Haut, William H., must. July 29, 1861.
Inlow, Asbury, must. July 29, 1861.
Jacobs, Milton, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded at Antietam.
Jacks, John W., must. July 29, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Jones, Henry, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville Aug.
28, 1862.
Kiser, Henry, must. July 29, 1862 ; veteran ; app. scrgt. ; killed
in the Wilderness May 8, 1864.
Lacey, Louis, must. July 29, 1862; died Sept. 14, 1862, of
wounds received at South Mountain.
May, Richard, must. July 29, 1861; died Nov. 22, 1862, of
wounds received at Gainesville.
Mann, Thomas, must. July 29, 1861.
Mendenhall, Benjamin, must. July 29, 1861.
McDaniel, Reason, must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to
20th Regt.
McDonald, Daniel B., must. July 29, 1S61 ; wounded.
McDonald, William C, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gaines-
ville Aug. 28, 1862.
Moore, John W., must. July 29, 1861.
Munroe, Herman, must. July 29, 1861.
Ninabee, Herman, must. July 29, 1861.
Oliver, Abram J., must. July 29, 1861 ; captured at Gettysburg;
died at Andersonville Sept. 5, 1864.
Padgett, Richard, must. July 29, 1861; wounded.
PearsoU, Samuel, must. July 29, 1861 ; captured at Cold Harbor.
Phelps, Henry, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Redout, Isaac, must. July 29, 1861.
Rice, Oliv.er, must. July 29, 1861.
Sargent, James, must. July 29, 1861.
Sargent, John, must. July 29, 1861; died at Washington Nov.
22, 1861.
Sherrod, Samuel S., must. July 29, 1861.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
339
Shipley, Talbert B., must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; wounded in
the Wilderness ; trans, to 29th Regt.
Small, William P., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded at
North Anna; trans, to 20th Regt.
Smith, Joseph D., must. July 29, 1861.
Stedman, Arthur, must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Stewart, William, must. July 29, 1861.
.'^ulgrove, Eli, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Shaw, Augustus D., must. July 29, 1861.
Tevis, Lloyd, must. July 29, 1S6I.
Tullis, Henry B., must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Vanbooth, James, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; app. sergt. ;
killed at Cold Harbor June 1, 1864.
Williams, Stephen, must. July 29, 1861.
Wood, William H. H., must. July 29, 1S61 ; killed at Lewins-
ville Sept. 11, 1861.
Woods, Squire, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded; cap-
tured in the Wilderness ; trans, to 20th Regt.
Yeatman, Lewis M., must. July 29, 1861; wounded; pro. 2d
lieut.
Enlisted Men, Company F.
First Senjeant.
Wheat, Benjamin D., must. July 29, 1S61.
Seirjeanta.
Forbes, William, must. July 29, 1861.
Harden, John C, must. July 29, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Richardson, Harland, must. July 29, 1861 ; captured at Get-
tysburg; pro. 2d lieut.
Dever, James, must. July 29, 1861; captured at Gettysburg;
died at Andersonville Sejit. 19, 1864.
Corporals.
Russell, Samuel N., must. July 29, 1861.
Nash, James R., must. July 29, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Foulk, Austin M., must. July 29, 1861; reduced; captured at
Gettysburg; must, out July 28, 1864.
Hartley, Joseph L., must. July 29, 1861; pro. 2d lieut.
Wilson, William P., must. July 29, 1S61 ; disch. on account of
wounds received at Gettysburg.
Agan, James, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville Aug.
28, 1862.
Echenbreicher, Christian, must. July 29, 1861; reduced;
wounded.
Collins, Cornelius, must. July 29, 1861.
Musicians.
Stuart, Andrew T., must. July 29, 1861.
Martindale, Henry S., must. July 29, 1861 ; died Sept. 28, 1861.
Wagoner.
Foley, Daniel, must. July 29, 1861.
Bolton, Robert, must. July 29, 1861.
Brennan, Thomas, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded at Gainesville j
disch. ; re-enl. in Hancock's corps.
Bryan, James H., must. July 29, 1861.
Bannan, Michael, must. July 29, 1861; wounded.
CafFrey, John, must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 2S, 1864.
Campbell, Michael, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville
Aug. 28, 1862.
Cassiday, James, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded.
Clifford, Burr N., must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Cly, Abram N., must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Cly, John, must. July 29, 1861 ; died Dee. 9, 1862, of wounds
at Manassas.
Canine, James, must. July 29, 1861; wounded.
Collins, James, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th
Regt.
CofBn, Zachariah, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded at Cold Har-
bor; must, out as sergt. July 28, 1864.
Collins, Nathaniel, must. July 29, 1861.
Coyle, Patrick, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville Aug.
28, 1862.
Debay, John, must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Davenport, John, must. July 29, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th
Regt.
Dever, Patrick, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to 2Uth
Regt.
Doud, John, must. July 29, 1861.
Dnnlap, David B., must. July 29, 1861; died Sept. 26, 1862,
of wounds at Antietam.
Duley, George W., must. July 29, 1861.
■Ellison, James, must. July 29, 1861.
Evans, Asbury C, must. July 29, 1861.
Fisher, David M., must. July 29, 1861; wounded; must, out
July 28, 1864, as sergt.
Ford, Francis M., must. July 29, 1861; wounded; captured;
must, out July 28, 1864, as sergt.
Goggin, John, must. July 29, 1861; killed at Gainesville Aug.
28, 1862.
Griffin, Nathaniel G., must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded at South
Mountain.
Hall, Henry C, must. July 29, 1861.
Hanna, Josephus, must. July 29, 1861; disch. June, 1862,
disability.
Hamilton, Archibald E., must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July
28, 1864.
Hand, Levi S., must. July 29, 1861 ; mustered out July 28,
1864.
Harman, Daniel, must. July 29, 1861; killed at Gainesville
Aug. 28, 1862.
Hardy, Dennis, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded.
Harting, Michael, must. July 29, 1861
340
HISTOKY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Hartley, Josiah F., must. July 29, 1S61 ; died Oct. 22, 1862,
of wounds at Gainesville.
Hartman, William, must. July 29, 1S61.
Harris, Thomas, must. July 29, 1S61; veteran; trans, to 20th
Kegt.
Hauk, Joseph, must. July 29, :S61.
Hearst, Christian, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to
20th Regt.
Holden, John, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th
Regt. ; captured at Wilderness.
Huff, August, must. July 29, 1861.
Jenkins, Charles T., must. July 29, 1861.
Lamb, John A., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded;
trans, to 20th Regt.
Lamb, Isaac, must. July 29, 1861; wounded.
Lovette, Gilbert M., must. July 29, 1861; must, out July 28,
1864.
Long, Nelson, must. July 29, 1861.
Maguire, James, must. July 29, 1861.
Manning, John, must. July 29, 1S61.
Mankin, Andrew J., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded ;
trans, to 20th Regt.
Marsh, Christopher C, must. July 29, 1861; veteriin ; cap-
tured at Wilderness; trans, to 20th Regt.
Miller, William, must. July 29, 1861.
Miller, Fred., must. July 29, 1S61.
Moriarty, Matthew, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at South
Mountain Sept. 14, 1862.
McCarthy, John, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded at South
Mountain and Petersburg ; must, out July 28, 1864.
McCrehan, Daniel, must. July 29, 1861 ; captured at Gettys-
burg; must, out March 24, 1864.
Nash, Richard, must. July 29, 1861 ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Newbill, John S., must. July 29, 1861.
O'Connor, John, must. July 29, 1861; captured; must, out
M.arch, 1865.
Quinlan, Daniel, must. July 29, 1861.
Roberts, Leander, must. July 29, 1861.
Roetter, August, must. July 29, 1861.
Roney, Patrick, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gainesville
Aug. 28, 1862.
Rourk, Maurice, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded at
Petersburg; trans, to 20th Regt.
Russell, Edward J., must. July 29, 1861; wounded.
Schmcder, William, must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to
20th Regt.
Sharp, Thomas J., must. July 29, 1861 ; discharged.
Smith, Flemming, must. July 29, 1861.
Smock, Harvey, must. July 29, 1861.
Smock, Charles B., must. July 29, 1861.
Smock, John W., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; wounded at
Petersburg ; trans, to 20th Regt.
Sulgrove, Elkanah, must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg
July 1, 1863.
Tharp, William, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded.
Timmans, Patrick, must. July 29, 1861 ; wounded at Wilder-
ness ; must, out July 28, 1864.
Waidley, Jesse H., must. July 29, 1861; veteran; trans, to
20th Regt.
Waller, John S., must. July 29, 1861 ; killed at Fitzhugh's
Crossing April 29, 1863.
Weidman, George P., must. July 29, 1861 ; died July 24, 1862.
White, James, must. July 29, 1861; wounded at Gettysburg;
must, out July 28, 1864.
Wood, Samuel, must. July 29, 1861.
Wood, George W., must. July 29, 1861.
Wood, John P., must. July 29, 1861.
AVyman, Samuel, must. July 29, 1861.
Young, Israel, must. July 29, 1861.
Twentieth Regiment. — Organized at Lafayette,
in July, 1 8G 1 , camo to Indianapolis, where it was mus-
tered in. It was first set to guarding a Pennsylvania
railroad near Baltimore. It went to Hatteras Sep-
tember 27th, and was sent to Hatteras Bank, forty
miles up, where a rebel fleet of gunboats and trans-
ports, with infantry, attacked it and drove it to the
light-house twenty-eight miles away. Its next active
service was at Newport News, when the rebel ram
" Merrimac" sunk the national vessels and fought the
first " Monitor." It joined the Army of the Potomac
on the Peninsula. On the 25th of June it lost in
the battle of the Orchards one hundred and forty-
four men and officers, killed, wounded, and missing.
It covered the national retreat and was in all the fights
of the noted seven days. It was in the Second
Bull Run battle, where its colonel. Brown, was killed.
On the 1st of September it was in the battle of
Chantilly. Its great losses required a rest, and it was
not actively engaged, except in marches, till December
11th, when it took part in the battle of Fredericks-
burg with Franklin's corps. It aided in saving three
Union batteries. It was in the battle of Chancellors-
ville, and captured for a time the whole Twenty-third
Georgia regiment, larger than itself It reached
Gettysburg in time for the battle. Here its colonel,
Wheeler, was killed, with one hundred and fifty-two
men and officers killed and wounded. It was sent to
New York in the election of 1864 to keep order, and
rejoined the Army of the Potomac, and was in the en-
gagements at Locust Grove and Mine Run, in Novem-
ber. In May, 1864, it crossed the Rapidan with
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
341
Grant, and was in the battles of the Wilderness,
Todd's Tavern, and Hatcher's Run, and on the left
was in all the fighting from Hatcher's Run to the fall
of Richmond. Its last fight was at Clover Hill, April
9, 1865. It then went to Washington, and then to
Louisville, Ky., on June 21st. On the 12th of July
it was mustered out there with three hundred and
ninety men and twenty-three officers.
Lieutenant- Colonel.
George W. Meikel, com. July 3, 1863 ; killed at Petersburg,
Va., Sept. 16, 1S64.
Adjutant.
John E. Luther, com. May 27, 1863; must, out Oct. 13, 1864;
term expirCLl.
Assistant Surgeon.
Daniel H. Prunk, com. .June 28, 1862; dismissed, to date Nov,
15, 1862.
COSIPANY D.
Captain.
William D. Vatchett, com. Oct. 23, 1863; must out Oct. 6, 1864;
time out; had been 1st and 2d lieut.
CoMPAsy H.
Captains,
George W. Geisendorff, com. July 22, 1861 ; resigned.
George W. Mickel, o»m. Dec. 4, 1861 ; pro. lieut. -col.
Charles Liner, com. June 6, 1863; must, out Oct. 10, 1864,
term expired.
First Lieutenants.
George W. Miekcl, com. July 22, 1861; pro. capt.
William 0. Sherwood, com. Dec. 4, 1861 ; resigned April 3,
1863.
Charles Liner, com. April 4, 1863; pro. capt.
Harry Geisendorff, com. June 6, 1863; must, out Oct. 10, 1864,
term expired.
Second Lieutenants,
William 0. Sherwood, com. July 22, 1861; pro. 1st lieut.
Fred. W. Geisendorff, com. Dec. 4, 1861 ; resigned July 29, 1862.
Charles Liner, com. July 30, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Harry Geisendorff, com. April 4, 1863; pro. 1st lieut.
William Dickason, com. Aug. 1, 1864; must, out as supply
sergt., Oct. 29, 1864.
Enlisted Men, Company H.
First Sei-0eant.
Geisendorff, Fred. W., must. July 22, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Sergeants.
Kemper, John W., must. July 22, 1801; app. 1st sergt. ; disch,
December, 1862, disability.
Davis, Moses, must. July 22, 1861; disch. August, 1862,
Liner, Charles, must. July 22, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Geisendorff, Harry, must. July 22, 1861 : pro. 2d liout.
Corporals.
Crunkleton, Joseph, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. December,
1861, disability.
Meek, James C, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured on gunboat
"Fanny;" disch. May 22, 1862.
Dickenson, William, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; pro. 2d
lieut.; died in prison at Wilmington, N. C, July, 1864.
Ellsworth, Andrew, must. July 22, 1861; disob. for wounds at
Orchards.
Springer, David, must. July 22, 1861; trans, to Invalid Corps,
1862; disch. July 22, 1864.
Archer, William, must. July 22, 1861 ; killed at Spottsylvania.
Hiner, William, must. July 22, 1861 ; wounded at Mine Run.
Kelley, John, must. July 22, 1861; must, out July, 1865.
Musicians.
Sackett, Frederick P., must. July 22, 1861; captured on gun-
boat "Fanny;" disch. May 22, 1862.
Andrews, John, must. July 22, 1861; captured on gunboat
"Fanny;" disch. M.ay 22, 1862.
Wagoner.
Tull, Newton, must. July 22, 1861 ; died at Alexandria, Va.,
August, 1862.
Privates.
Allen, Henry C, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. for disability.
Allen, John, must. July 22, 1861; disch. December, 1861, dis-
ability.
Allen, William, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. August, 1862, dis-
ability.
Anderson, John, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 29, 1864.
Bassett, Harvey, must. July 22, 1S61 ; wounded at Chicka-
hominy June 25, 1862; died in a Richmond prison July
30, 1862.
Baylor, James, must. July 22, 1861.
Beaver, Isaac, must. July 22, 1861; captured at Mine Run;
must, out Feb. 9, 1865,
Bennett, Lucius L., must. July 22, 1S61; captured October,
1861.
Black, Edward A., must. July 22, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg
July 4, 1863.
Briner, Daniel L., must. July 22, 1861; killed at Spottsylva-
nia, Va.
Bushnell, Franklin, must. July 22, 1861; disch. for wounds,
Cassell, George W., must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. December, 1861,
for disability.
Cay wood, Samuel, must. July 22, 1861 ; trans, to Invalid Corps,
Chriswell, Thomas, must. July 22, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg.
Clayton, James, must. July 22, 1861; captured at Chicomico-
mico; disch. May 22, 1862.
Clow, David, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; must, out July,
1865.
342
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Cooper, Ephraim, must. July 22, 1861; disch. in 1862.
Cottrell, D,avid, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Craner, EH, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Custer, James, must. July 22, 1S61 ; died at Newport News
April, 1862.
Dennis, Irvin, must. July 22, 1S61 ; wounded Sept. 10, 1861 ;
trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Dickey, John, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20tb,
reorganized.
Fagen, Lambert, must. July 22, 1861 ; killed at Orchards June
25,1862.
Finley, James, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; trans, to 20tb,
reorganized.
Ford, James A., must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out July,
1865.
Frizell, Allen, must. July 22, 1861: app. drum-major ; must.
out October, 1864.
Gamble, Henry, must. July 22, 1861; died at Cockeysville,
Md., August, 1S61.
Gardner, James, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 22, 1864.
Geek, Michael, must. July 22, 1861; must, out July 29, 1864.
Hagan, Samuel, must. July 22, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg July
2, 186.3.
Harris, Charles, must. July 22, 1861; discb. on account of
wounds received at Gettysburg.
Hays, Abram, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. December, 1861.
Hill, Samuel, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 29, 1864.
Hurlburt, George, must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Hufman, John, must. July 22, 1861; killed at Orchards June
25, 1862.
Irick, Daniel, must. July 22, 1861; disch. December, 1861, for
disability.
Irick, Morris, must. July 22, 1S61 : disch. on account of wounds
received at Fredericksburg.
Iholtz, Christopher, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 29,
1864.
James, Jacob, must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran; died at Peters-
burg.
Jenkins, William, must. July 22, 1861; veteran; trans, to
20tb, reorganized.
King, James, must. July 22, 1861.
Kurtz, Frederick, mustered July 22, 1861; must, out July 29,
1864.
Lang, Frederick, must. July 22, 1861; disch. September, 1862,
for disability.
Lawrence, Frank, must. July 22, 1861; killed in the Wilder-
ness.
Leffel, George, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. for wounds.
Lewis, Joshua, must. July 22, 1861; disch. August, 1862, for
disability.
Long, Noah, must. July 22, 1861 ; discharged.
Miller, Nelson, must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Mourer, Michael, must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Monter, Lewis, must. July 22, 1861 ; wounded Oct. 29, 1863;
must, out July 29, 1864.
O'Haver, Warren, must. July 22, 1861; disch. December, 1861,
for disability.
Oxford, Elias, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured on gunboat
"Fanny;" died at Washington May 19, 1862.
Piersons, Frank B., must. July 22, 1861; captured on gunboat
"Fanny;" disch. May 22, 1862.
Powers, Michael, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 29, 1864.
Ranee, Albert, must. July 22, 1861 ; wounded at Spottsylvania.
Robinson, Solomon B., must. July 22, 1861.
Rub, William, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. for disability.
Rule, James M., must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Russell, William P., must. July 22, 1861 ; killed at Richmond
June 29, 1862.
Serach, Christian, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured at Chicomico-
mico; disch. May 22, 1862.
Shallenbarger, Benton, must. July 22, 1861 ; discb. on account
of wounds received at Orchards.
Sharp, Colonel P., must. July 22, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to 20th,
reorganized.
Shoof, Jacob, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured at Chicomicomico;
disch. May 22, 1862.
Shur, Christian, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 29, 1864.
Simpson, Richard, must. July 22, 1861.
Simpson, William, must. July 22, 1861.
Smith, Samuel S., must. July 22, 1861.
Smith, Edward C, must. July 22, 1861 ; died .at Alexandria,
Va., in 186.3.
Stevens, David, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured at Fredericks-
burg : never heard from since.
Stockwell, Robert, must. July 22, 1861; died at Harrison's
Landing Aug. 9, 1862.
Sweet, Nelson, must. July 22, 1861; killed at Orchards June
25, 1862.
Talbertt, Overton, must. July 22, 1861; diseh. December, 1861,
for disability.
Templin, George W., must. July 22, 1861; wounded at Green-
dale, Va.
Ten Eyck, John, must. July 22, 1861 ; must, out July 29, 1864.
Thompson, William, must. July 22, 1861 ; diseh. in 1862 for
disability.
Tilbason, John, must. July 22, 1861 ; died of wounds June 25,
1862.
Tristy, Miles, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured at Gettysburg.
Van Horn, Abram, must. July 22, 1861.
Whealan, Timothy, must. July 22, 1861.
White, Charles H., must. July 22, 1861; drowned October,
1861, trying to escape from Hatteras Island.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
343
Wilson, Robert, must. July 22, 1861; trans, to Co. A.
Windle, William, must. July 22, 1861 ; captured on gunboat
" Fanny;" disch. May 22, 1S62.
lierrnHs.
Angevine, Edward G., must. Sept. 26, 1861.
Atkins, William A., must. Oct. 21, 1862: trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Broderick, John, must. April 1, 1S64; trans, to 20th, reorgan-
ized.
Barbour, Calrin S., must. Oct. 22, 1862; trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Brewer, John, must. ; disch. for disability.
Beach, Henry, must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Breneshaltz, Sylvester, must. Oct. 27, 1862.
Clouse, Joseph H., must. Oct. 21, 1862; trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Cloidt, Joseph, must. Oct. 21, 1862; wounded in the Wilder-
ness; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Cain, Hyatt, must. April 12, 1864; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Eaton, John N., must. April 12, 1864; trans, to 20th, reorgan-
ized.
Fuller, Morris, must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Furgison, John, must. Oct. 21, 1862; trans, to 20th, reorgan-
ized.
Gardonier, Edwin T., must. Oct. 21, 1862; trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Gardner, Matthew, must. March 12, 1864; wounded at Or-
chards ; disch. for disability.
Gardner, Jerome, must. Oct. 21, 1S62.
Hurlburt, George W., veteran.
Hutchens, Thomas E., must. Oct. 28, 1862 ; trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Hooker, E. M. B., must. Sept. 26, 1861 ; app. sergt.-major.
Homer, Bazil, must. Aug. 28, 1862.
King, William A., must. Oct. 21, 1862.
Karad, Joseph, must. Oct. 21, 1862.
Lee, John C, must. Oct. 17, 1863; died at Richmond, Va.
Lang, Fritz, must. Oct. 21, 1862; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Lacox, William, must. Oct. 16, 1862; wounded Oct. 1, 1864;
trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Meeks, Irvin D., must. April 12, 1864; disch. June 13, 1865,
for disability.
Miller, Jacob S., must. Feb. 24, 1862; wounded at Petersburg;
trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Moore, Harrison, must. Nov. 5, 1862.
Noland, James H., must. Oct. 21, 1862; trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Ollinger, Henry E., must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Piper, Levi, must. March 12, 1862.
Potts, Peter H., must. Dee. 23, 1862; wounded at Spottsylva-
nia, Va. ; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Piper, Lewis, must. March 12, 1862; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Rantz, Robert, veteran ; wounded in the Wilderness; trans, to
20th, reorganized.
Rantz, Calvin S., must. April 12, 1864 ; trjins. to 20th, reorgan-
ized.
Rantz, Charles E., must. April 12, 1864; trans, to 20th, reor-
ganized.
Richmond, Robert T., must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Sparks, John, must. Aug. 26, 1862; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Sparks, Lyman E., must. Oct. 21, 1862; wounded in the Wil-
derness; trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Sharpe, Henry, must. Feb. 12, 1862; disch. for disability.
Sharpe, William, must. Feb. 28, 1862 ; disch. for disability.
Sharpe, George, must^-Feb. 28, 1862.
Strode, George W., must. Oct. 21, 1862.
Shelton, Jonathan, must. Nov. 5, 1862.
Winch, Frederick, must. July 22, 1861; trans, to Co. F.
Walters, Solomon, must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Wilson, Moses, must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Wilkey, Benjamin F., must, Aug. 28, 1862.
Weiper, Richard T., must. Aug. 28, 1862.
Walters, Levi, must. Oct. 4, 1861; veteran; killed in the Wil-
derness May 5, 1864.
Walters, John, must. Oct. 4, 1861; veteran; must, out July,
1865.
Wilmot, Horace, must. Feb. 18, 1863 ; trans, to 20th, reorgan-
ized.
White, William H., must. Oct. 2, 1802; wounded Nov. 2, 1863;
trans, to 20th, reorganized.
Wyatt, William E., must. Oct. 13, 1862; trans, to 20th, reor-
Wooley, Charles, must. Oct. 21, 1862; veteran; trans, to 20th,
reorganized,
Tounkin, Michael.
Younkin, Christopher.
Twenty-first Regiment, First Heavy Artillery,
Jfajor.
Isaac C. Hendricks, com. Feb, 3, 1865.
Adjutant.
Henry F. McMillan, com. Aug. 5, 1862; hon. disch. April 21,
1865.
Chaplain.
Nelson L. Brakeman, com. July 23, 1861 ; app. hospital chap-
lain U.S.A.
Company B.
First Lieutenants.
William M. Conner, com. Jan. 6, 1864; hon. disch. Oct. 31,
1864.
Thomas J, Raper, com. Oct. 1, 1864.
Second Lieutenant.
Thomas J. Raper, com. Jan. 6, 1864; pro. 1st lieut.
Company C.
First Lieutenants.
Omer Tousey, com. June 18, 1864; disch. Feb. 7, 1865.
Oliver H. P. Ewing, com. Aug. 12, 1864; res. Nov. 17, 1864.
344
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Company F.
Company D.
Firel Lieutenant.
Captains.
0. H. P. Ewing, com. March 30, 1864; trans, to Co. C.
Aug. D. Rose, com. Aug. 9, 1861 ; pro. major.
William T. Wallace, com. July 1, 1862 ; res. Sept. 3, 1864.
Second Lieutenant,
George C. Harding, com. July 1, 1S62; res. Dec. 30, 1863.
First Lieutenants.
Aaron L. Hunt, com. Aug. 9, 1861 ; res. June 19, 1862.
Company L.
William T. Wallace, com. June 20, 1862; pro. capt.
Captain.
Elisha T. Collins, com. Dec. 6, 1864.
Isaac C. Hendricks, com. July 15, 1863 ; pro. major.
Second Lieutenants.
First Lieutenants.
William T. Wallace, com. Aug. 9, 1861; pro. 1st lieut.
George H. Black, com. June 30, 1863; res. Dec. 22, 1863.
Elisha T. Collins, com. July 1, 1862; pro.; disch.; reinstated
Levi G. Benson, com. March 1, 1865.
by War Department.
Second Lieutenants.
Company E.
Levi G. Benson, com. Sept. 9, 186-t; pro. 1st lieut.
Captains.
Mark Joseph, com. March 1, 1865.
Lewis Manker, com. Aug. 9, 1861 ; res. June 30, 1862; capt. in
79th Regt.
Company M.
John W. Green, com. March 19, 1864.
Captain.
James Hughes, com. July 13, 1S65.
First Lieutenants.
Joseph J. Dain, com. July 1, 1862; died Nov. 13, 1863, at
First Lieutenants.
Indianapolis, of wounds in battle.
James Hughes, com. Oct. 12, 1863; pro. capt.
John W. Green, com. Nov. 14, 1863; pro. capt.
George Jaycox, com. Jan. 21, 1864; canceled.
Thomas F. Bilby, com. July 3, 1865.
Second Lieutenants.
Joseph J. Dain, com. Feb. 5, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Second Lieutenants.
John W. Green, com. July 1, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut.
George Jaycox, com. Oct. 7, 1863 ; resigned.
Thomas F. Bi^lby, com. March 1, 1865; pro. 1st lieut.
Company I.
Edward M. Pinney, com. March 2, 1865.
Captains.
James A. Walker, com. July 13, 1865.
Courtland E. Whitsit, com. Aug. 9, 1861 ; res. Feb. 2, 1864,
Henry H. Wheatley, com. Feb. 2, 1864.
Twenty-second Regiment.
Major.
First Lieutenants.
Gordon T.anner, com. Aug. 2, 1861; died of wounds Oct. 2,
Henry H. Wheatley, com. Aug. 9, 1861; pro. capt.
1861.
John A. Whitsit, com. Feb. 2, 1864.
Twenty-fourth Regiment.
Second Lieutenants.
Major.
John A. Whitsit, com. Aug. 9, 1861; pro. 1st lieut.
Cyrus C. Hines, com. Aug. 13, 1861 ; pro. col. 57th Regt.
Henry C. Adams, com. Jan. 9, 1865.
Twenty-sixth Regiment.
Twenty-seventh Regiment.
Lieutenant- Colon el.
Colonel.
Archibald I. Harrison, com. Aug. 30, 1861; res. 1861.
William M. Wheatley, com. Aug. 30, 1861; res. Sept. 27, 1862.
Major.
Lieutenant-Colonels.
William S. Johnson, com. March 15, 1862; res. July 10, 1862.
Richard O'Neal, com. Aug. 30, 1861 ; res. June 30, 1862.
Augustine D. Rose, com. July 1, 1862; hon. disch. Dec. 29,
Adjutant.
1864.
William- W. Dougherty, com. Jan. 1, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 4,
Major.
1864, as capt. 147th Regt.
Augustine D. Rose, com. July 1, 1862; pro. lieut.-col.
Quartermaster.
Adjutant.
James M. Jameson, com. Aug. 26, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 16,
Henry Schraeder, com. Aug. 31, 1861 ; res. June 30, 1862.
1864, time exoired.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
345
Company C.
Cajitain.
William S. Johnson, com. Aug. 30, 1861; pro. major.
Company H.
First Lieutenants.
William W. Dougherty, com. Jan. 1, 1863; pro. adjt.; 2d lieut.
Stephen D. Lyon, com. Feb. 28, 1863 ; hon. disch. Oct. 20, 1863.
Thirty-second Regiment (German).
Colonels.
August Willich, com. Aug. 24, 1861; pro. brig. -gen. U.S.V.
July 17, 1862.
Henry Von Treba, com. July 18, 1862 ; died at Areola, 111., Aug.
7, 1863.
Francis Erdelmeyer, com. Aug. S, 1863 ; must, out as lieut. -col.
Sept. 7, 1864, term expired.
Lieutenant-Colonels.
Henry Von Trebra, com. Sept. 28, 1861 ; pro. col.
Francis Erdelmeyer, com. Oct. 20, 1862; pro. col.
Hans Blume, com. Nov. 26, 1864; residuary battalion.
JlJajors.
Peter Cappell, com. Nov. 26, 1863; must, out as capt. Sept. 7,
1864, term expired.
Hans Blume, com. Nov. 25, 1864; pro. lieut. -col.
Adjutant.
Christian Stawitz, com. March 28, 1863; must, out Sept. 7,
1S64, term expired.
Quartermasters.
Edward Mueller, com. Aug. 28, 1861; pro. capt., A.Q.M.
Frederick Ludwig, com. March 30, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 7,
1864.
Surjeon.
Ferdinand Krauth, com. Sept. 4, 1S61 ; res. March 31, 1862.
COSIPANY A.
Captains.
F. Erdelmeyer, com. Sept. 19, 1861; pro. lieut.-col.
Hans Blume, com. Aug. 18, 1864; pro. maj. and lieut.-col.
Louis Heder, com. May 11, 1865; res. batt.
First Lieutenants.
Adolph Metzner, com. May 19, 1862; trans, to Co. K.
Hans Blume, com. Sept. 21, 1803; pro. capt., maj., and lieut.-
col.
Louis Heder, com. March 1, 1865; res. batt.; pro. capt.
Second Lieutenants.
Adolph Metzner, com. Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut.
John Hengstler, com. June 1, 1865 ; res. batt.
Company B.
First Lieutenants,
Louis Ansbittel, com. May 14, 1863; must, out Sept. 4, 1864,
term expired.
Louis Ruth, com. Aug. 16, 1864; res. batt.; res. March 12, 1865.
Second Lieutenants.
Frederick Ludwig, com. Nov. 4, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Frank Weber, com. March 20, 1863 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Company C.
First Lieutenants.
Chris. Stawitz, com. Feb. 14. 1863; pro. adjt.
Frederick Ludwig, com. March 30, 1863; pro. qm.
Second Lieutenants.
Hans Blume, com. March 30, 1863 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Edward Schott, com. June 1, 1865; res. batt.
Company D.
First Lieutenant.
Frank Weber, com. Sept. 8, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 7, 1864, term
expired.
Second Lieutenant.
Robert A. Wolff, com. April 10, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Company F.
Captains.
Frederick Augustus Mueller, com. Sept. 19, 1861 ; killed at
Shiloh.
Peter Cappell, com. April 10, 1862; pro. maj.
First Lieutenants.
Peter Cappell, com. Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. capt.
John E. Brodhagen, com. April 10, 1862; res. Aug. 15, 1862.
Robert A. Wolff, com. Aug. 15, 1862; res. April 17, 1863.
Second Lieutenants.
William Borck, com. Sept. 19, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut.
John E. Brodhagen, com. Jan. 10, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Louis Ansbittel, com. Oct. 20, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Company H.
Second Lieutenant.
Louis Ruth, com. March 1, 1864; pro. 1st lieut., res. batt.
Company K.
Captain.
Adolph Metzner, com. Feb. 4, 1863; must, out Sept. 7, 1864,
term expired.
Second Lieutenant.
Christian Stawitz, com. Aug. 19, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
346
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Thirty-third Regiment.
C.lrjuel.
John Coburn, com. Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 20, 1864,
term expired; brev. brig.-gen. March 13, 1865.
A,lj„innts.
Charles H. Pickering, com. Oct. 18, 1862; pro. lieut.-col. col'd.
regt.
Estea Wallingford, com. Nov. 14, 1863 ; died of smallpox April
27, 1864.
Qttartermasler.
John A. Willjins, com. Nov. 23, 1853; res. Oct. 4, 1864.
.S'liryeoii.
Robert F. Benoe, com. Aug. 24, 1864 ; must, out July 21, 1805,
term expired.
Agelslatit Siirgeoug.
Robert F. Bence, com. Sept. 27, 1861 ; pro. surgeon.
Andrew M. Hunt, com. Sept. 27, 1.S62; res. for good of service
June 18, IS 03.
John Moffit, com. May 4, 1S65; must, out July 21, 1865, term
expired.
COMPANV E.
Caplain.
Isaac C. Hendricks, com. Sept. 6, 1861 ; dismissed Dec. 26, 1862,
then captain of 1st Heavy Artillery.
I'iial Lieuleiiauls.
Estes Wallingford, com. Sept. 8, 1S63; pro. adjt.
John A. Wilkins, com. Nov. 14, 1863; pro. q.m.
Second Lieutenants.
Estes Wallingford, com. Dec. 4, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Loyd T. Duncan, com. Feb. 1, 1864; hon. disch. Dec. 17, 1864,
on account of wounds.
Thirty-fifth (Irish) Regiment.— The Thirty-
fifth Regiment was mustered in Dec. 11, 1861, with
John C. Walker as colonel. It went to Kentucky
on the 13th, and remained at Bardstown six weeks,
and thence went to Nashville, where on the 22d of
May there was consolidated with it the organized
companies and unassigned recruits of the Sixty-first
(second Irish) Regiment. Col. Mullen of the latter
became lieutenant-colonel of the whole, and later
colonel on the dismissal of Col. Walker for con-
tumacy. It took part in the battle of Perryville,
Oct. 8, 1862. It remained in Nashville, Tenn., till
Dec. 9, 1862, when it had a severe skirmish at Dob-
bins' Ford, near Lavergne, losing five killed and thirty-
five wounded. It also took part in the battle of Stone
River under Rosecrans. It lost altogether here
twenty-nine killed, seventy-two wounded, and thirty-
three missing, — a total of one hundred and thirty-
four. It was also severely handled in the battle of
Chickamauga. On the 16th of December, 1863, it
re-enlisted as a veteran organization, and returned to
Indianapolis on furlough Jan. 2, 1864. On the 3d
of 5Iay, as part of Second Brigade of First Division
of Fourth Corps, it moved from camp and took part
in all the operations of that memorable campaign.
At Kenesaw Mountain it lost eleven killed, including
Major DufiBcey, the commanding officer, fifty-four
wounded, including Capt. Chris. H. O'Brien, tobacco-
dealer of this city now. It entered Atlanta on the
9th of September and remained till the rebel retreat
began, when it marched with the Fourth Corps in
pursuit. At Franklin, Tenn., having received four
hundred recruits, it was set in the front line and re-
pulsed completely a desperate charge on our works.
It acted conspicuously in the battle of Nashville, but
with slight loss. In June, 1865, it was sent with
the Fourth Corps to Texas, where it remained with
Sheridan's army till September, when it was mus-
tered out and came home. It had a public reception
on October 21st in the State-House grounds.
Lieuteiianl-Culunel.
Richard J. Ryan, com. Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 16, 1862.
Majur.
Henry N. Conklin, com. May 22, 1862; res. Feb. 9, 1863.
Adjutants.
Frank Cunningham, com. Sept. 2, 1861 ; res. Oct. 25, 1862.
William C. Moriarty, com. Aug. 5, 1864; res. Jan. 29, 1865.
Quartermaster.
Martin Igoe, com. Aug. 28, 1861 ; must. out.
Company A.
Captains.
Henry N. Conklin, com. Aug. 30,1861; dismissed; re-com.
March 18, 1862; pro. maj.
William W. Wigmore ; com. May 22, 1862; dismissed March
20, 1863, by 6.C.M.
John E. Dillon, com. March 21, 1863; dismissed.
John Maloney, com. March 14, 1864; res. June 15, 1865.
James McHugh, com. June 16, 1865; must, out as 1st lieut.
with regt.
First lieutenants.
John E. Dillon, com. Sept. 4, 1861 ; pro. capt.
John Maloney, com. March 21, 1863; pro. capt.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAE OF THE REBELLION.
347
James McHugh, com. March 14, 1864; pro. eapt.
James Winkle, com. June 16, 1S65; must, out with regt. as 2d
lieut.
Second Litutcnanta.
John Maloney, com. Sept. 4, 1861; dismissed Feb. 15, 1862,
and recom. 1st lieut.
James McHugh, com. March 21,1863; dismissed: restored
July 21, 1864; pro. Ist lieut.
James Winkle, com. May 1, 1863 ; pro. 1st lieut.
CosrpANT B.
First Lieutenants.
Robert E. Stockdale,' com. May 1, 1S62; dismissed by special
order, 1S64.
John Hanlon,' com. June 11, 1865; must out with regt.
Company C.
Captain,
John Scully, com. May 22, 1862 ; res. as 1st lieut. Co. I.
First Lieiifeiianls.
Alexander J. Orr, com. May 1, 1863; dismissed March, 1864.
Second Lieutenants.
Robert E. Scully, com. July 29, 1862; res. April 29, 1863.
Andrew Buyer, com. May 1, 1863; pro. 1st lieut. Co. D, then
must, out with regt.
Company E.
Captains.
Edward G. Breene, com. March, 1862; declined.
Henry Prosser, com. May 22, 1862 ; killed at Stone River Jan.
2, 1863.
Company F.
Captains,
Patrick W. Kennedy,- com. March 10, 1865 ; hon. disch. July
8, 1865.
Bernard McCabe,^ com. Aug. I, 1865; must, out with regt. as
1st lieut.
First Lieutenant.
Charles Bullock, com. Aug. 1, 1865; must, out as sergt. with
regt.
Second Lieutenants.
Thomas Mannix, com. May 1, 1863; res. Aug. 11, 1S64.
Timothy Somers, com. May 1, 1863; must, out as sergt. with
regt.
Company H.
Captains.
John Crowe, com. Sept. 23, 1861; hon. disch. Feb. 27, 1864.
First Lieutenants.
Edward G. Breene, com. Oct. 1, 1861; pro. capt. Co. E.
' Both these entered as second lieutenants.
2 Both entered as first lieutenants.
Levi Waltz, com. Nov. 25, 1862; res. June 9, 1863; entered
as 2d lieut.
John Cahill, com. Aug. 10, 1S64; pro. capt.
Josiah Crooks, com. May 1, 1865; must, out with regt.
Company I.
Captain,
Thomas Pryce, com. Nov. 13, 1861; dismissed JIarch 18, 1863.
Second Lieutenant,
Andrew J. Scully, com. May 21, 1863 ; res. Aug. 2, 1863.
Company K.
Captain,
Edward G. Breene, com. Nov. 25, 1862; dishon. dismissed
June 29, 1864.
First Lieutenant.
John Dugan, com. Feb. 17, 1863; hon. disch. May 11, 1865.
Second Lieutenants,
William H. O'Connell, com. Dec. 9, 1861 ; res. Dec. 30, 1861.
Thomas Cahill, com. May 22, 1862; res. Feb. 16, 1863.
Michael Hickey, com. Feb. 17, 1863; res. for incompetency
March 28, 1864.
Daniel McGovern, com. March 1, 1S65 ; must, out with regt.
Enlisted Men, Co. A.
Serueants.
Halvey, Thomas, must. Nov. 24, 1861; must, out Oct. 7, 1864.
Kirland, George A., must. Nov. 24, 1861.
Cahill, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut. Co. H.
Corjmrala.
Carroll, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861.
McHugh, James, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Corbett, Thomas, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Art. No-
vember, 1862.
Musician.
Dean, William, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran.
Privates.
Barnett, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran; deserted Feb. 19,
1864.
Brady, William, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran ; trans, to Vet.
Res. Corps.
Baguly, Daniel, must. Nov. 24, 1861.
Boucher, Henry, must. Nov. 24, 1861.
Backus, Thomas, must. Nov. 24, 1861; must, out Oct. 17, 1864.
Carey, Edward, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out Sept.
30, 1865.
Coughlin, Martin, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out
Sept. 30, 1865.
Clifford, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out
Sept. 30, 1865.
Carey, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out Sept.
30, 1865.
348
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Costello, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; disch. March 29, 1865, for
wounds.
Crarey, Denuis, must. Nov. 24, 1861.
Connor, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out Sept.
30, 1865.
Connors, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1S61; must, out Oct. 17,
1864.
Cajlor, Jacob, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1862, for
disability.
Discan, Martin, must. Nov. 24,1861; veteran; must, out Sept.
30, 1865.
Foley, Thomas, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out Sept.
30, 1865, as sergt.
Fo.\, Thomas, must. Nov 24, 1861; disch. Oct. IG, 1862, for
disability.
Fox, Patrick, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 17, 1864.
Gay, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; killed at Stone River Jan. 2,
1863.
Gillin, John C, must. Nov. 24, 1861.
Kelly, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Art. November,
1862.
Kearns, James, must. Nov. 24, 1861; died at Nashville Deo.
16, 1863, of wounds at Lookout Mountain.
Keating, Thomas, must, Nov. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res.
Corps.
Kelleher, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out
Sept. 20, 1865, as corp.
Kane, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 18C1; must, out March 28,
1865.
Lyons, William, must. Nov. 24, 1861; died in Andersonville
prison Aug. 2, 1864.
Murray, Charles, must. Nov. 24, 1861; disch. Jan. 2, 1863, for
wounds at Stone River.
McCrossan, Samuel, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Signal
Corps March 28, 1863.
Murphy, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; disch. March 26, 1863,
for wounds at Stone River.
Mclvane, Charles, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out
Sept. 30, 1865, as corp.
McEvoy, Arthur, must. Nov. 24, 1861; disch. April 10, 1862,
disability.
Morrissey, Patrick, must. Nov. 24, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res.
Corps May, 1864.
Mulcahee, Thomas, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; died in Anderson-
ville prison July 24, 1864.
Murphy, Timothy, must. Nov. 24, 1861; died at Nashville
Oct. 1, 1S62.
Moriarty, Michael, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out
April 28, 1865.
Matthews, James, must. Nov. 24, 1861.
Mannix, Thomas, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; pro. Ist lieut.
Milompy, James, must. Nov. 24,1861; veteran; must, out
Sept. 20, 1865.
Moran, Crohan, must. Nov. 24, 1861; killed at Chickamauga
Sept. 19, 1863.
McCouliffe, Timothy, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran; must, out
Sept. 30, 1865.
Megin, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; died in Andersonville
prison.
McMabon, Edmund, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; disch. May 28, 1862.
Ryan, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; died at Nashville Deo. 26,
1862.
Raftery, Patrick, must. Nov. 24, 1861; disch. Dec. 27, 1864,
disability.
Shaler, Joseph, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran ; must, out Sept.
30, 1865, as 1st sergt.
Stockdale, Robert, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut. Co. B.
Secrist, John, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; must, out Sept.
30, 1865.
Shearer, Jacob, must. Nov. 24, 1861; veteran; died at Cleve-
land, Tenn., March 24, 1864.
Springsteen, Abram, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; disch. as minor.
Van Sickle, Williiim, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; died at Nashville
February, 1862.
Winkle, James, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran ; pro. 2d lieut.
White, Patrick, must. Nov. 24, 1861 ; veteran; died July 12,
1864, of wounds at Kenesaw.
Thirty-sixth Regiment.
Aesistanl Surfjeon.
Charles H. Abbott, com. May 18, 1863; must, out with regt.
Company E.
First Lieutenant.
James E. Baker, com. Sept. 14, 1861 ; res. May 1, 1862.
Thirty-seventh Regiment.
Colonel.
George W. Hazard, com. Sept. 12, 1861; returned to regular
army March 5, 1862.
Adjutant.
Livingston Howland, com. Oct. 2, 1861; disch. Aug. 1, 1864,
for pro. to capt. and A. A, 6.
Clia2:,lain.
John Hogarth Lozier, com. Oct. 1, 1861; must out with regt.
Thirty-ninth Regiment.
Snrgeon.
Luther D. Waterman, com, Sept. 2, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 11,
1864, time expired.
Company G.
First Lieutenant.
Samuel A. Howard, com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenants,
Lawson H. Albert, com. April 30, 1862 ; dismissed Jan. 22, 1863.
Samuel A. Howard, com. May 1, 1864 j pro. 1st lieut.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
349
Fortieth Regiment.
Zieutenant- Colonel,
Elias Neff, com. June 9, 1862; res. for promotion April 25, 1864.
Major.
Elias Neff, com. May 19, 1862; pro. lieut.-col.
Asaistaut Surrjeon,
Orrin Aborn, com. Oct. 11, 1861 ; res. Feb. 14, 1862.
Company F.
Captain.
Elias Neff, com. Nov. 18. 1861; pro. major.
Forty-first Regiment (Second Cavalry).
Colond.
Edward McCook, com. April 30, 1862; pro. brig.-gen. U.S.V.
Lieutenant- Colonel.
Charles E. Norris, com. Oct. 29, 1861, 2d Cay. U.S.A.; res.
Feb. 11, 1862.
Edward McCook, com. Feb. 11, 1862; pro. col.
Major.
Edward McCook, com. Sept. 29, 1861; trans, from U.S.A.
Adjutant.
John WooUey, com. Oct. 3, 1861; must, out June 1, 1862; re-
oom. June 11, 1862; pro. maj. 5th Cav. March 23, 1863.
Company D.
First Lieutenant.
G, W. Lafayette Johnson, com. Oct. 5, 1861 ; pro. capt.
Forty-fifth Regiment (Third Cavalry).
Colonel.
George H. Chapman, com. March 12, 1863; pro. brig.-gen.
July 21, 1864; brevet maj. -gen.
Lieutenant-Colonel.
George H. Chapman, com. Oct. 25, 1862; pro. col.
Major.
George H. Chapman, com. Oct. 21, 1861; pro. lieut.-col.
Company G.
Captain.
Felix W. Graham, com. Oct. 1, 1861; res. April 9, 1862.
Company L.
Flrtt Lieutenant.
George J. Langsdale, com. Sept. 29, 1862; res. Aug. 1, 1864.
Company M.
Captain.
Charles U. Patton, com. Nov. 4, 1861 ; must, out April 15, 1865.
Second Lieutenants.
Thomas G. Shaeffer, com. Feb. 16, 18f.3 ; died Aug. 25, 1864,
at Resaca, Ga.
Samuel Borton, com. Sept. 4, 1864; must, out April 15, 1865.
Forty-sixth Regiment,
Company F.
Captains.
Samuel Osbourne, com. Feb. 6, 1862; res. May 26, 1862,
Joseph C. Plumb, com. July 27, 1863; res. March 2, 1864.
First Lieutenant.
Joseph C. Plumb, com. May 20, 1SC3; pro. capt.; 2d lieut.
March 1, 1863.
Forty-seventh Regiment.
Colonel.
John A. McLaughlin, com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out as lieut.-
col. with regt.
Lieutenant- Colonel.
John A. McLaughlin, com. Oct. 22, 1862; pro. col.
Assistant Surgeon.
David A. Fitzgerald, com. Jan. 27, 1865 ; died as hosp. stew. Jan.
1, 1865.
Company A.
Captains.
John A. McLaughlin, com. Oct. 10, 1861 ; pro. maj.
Albert Moorhous, com. April 22, 1862; res. October, 1862; re-
entered as capt. 9th Cav.
Thomas Hough, com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
First Lieutenants.
Albert Moorhous, com. Oct. 20, 1861 ; pro. capt.
Thomas Hough, com. Jan. 1, 1865; pro. capt.
Second Lieutenants.
Hiram Moorhous, com. April 22, 1S62; res. Oct. 30, 1862.
Thomas Hough, com. Oct. 19, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Company C.
Second Lieutenant.
Robert N. Harding, com. Feb. 3, 1S63; pro. capt. Co. K.
Forty-eighth Regiment.
Lieiitennnt-Colonel.
De Witt C. Rugg, com. June 17, 1862 ; res. April 24, 1863.
Major.
D. C. Rugg, com. Nov. 24, 1861 ; pro. lieut.-col.
Forty-ninth Regiment.
Charles D. Pearson, com. Nov. 19, 1861; res. Feb. 7,; 1862;
then surg. S2d Regt.
350
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Emanuel R. Hawn, com. Feb. 20, 1S64; mast, out Nov. 29,
Quartermaster.
1864, time expired; tlicn surg. 144th Regt.
Thomas F. Purnell, com. Oct. 30, 1862; pro. capt. and A.Q.M.
Fiftieth Regiment.
May 28, 1863.
Company B.
AsslfUint Siiryeon.
James W. Hervey, com. Jan. 27, 1S62 ; res. Feb. 4, 1863.
Captain.
Oliver M. Wilson, com. Oct. 16, 1862 ; pro. major.
Fifty-first Regiment.
First Lieutenant.
A,lj„t'n,t.
William M. Conner, com. Oct. 16, 1862; must, out with regt.;
Williams. Marshall, com. Nov. 29, 1862; hon. disch. March
then 1st lieut. of heavy artillery.
22, 1865.
Qiiarlermaater.
John G. Doughty, com. Sept. 27, 1861; hon. disch. Sept. 30,
Fifty-seventh Regiment.
Captains.
J. W. T. McMullen, com. Nov. 9, 1861; res. March 6, 1862.
Cyrus C. Hines, com. March 6, 1862; res. July 27, 1863, for
wounds at Stone River.
1864.
COMPASV A.
Second Lieulenaut.
William H. Harvey, com. Sept. 1, 1862; must, out, term ex-
pired.
CoMPASV D.
CoHPAur A.
First Lieutenant.
First Lieutenants.
Albert G. Harding, com. July 13, 1864; declined.
Wilber F. Williams, com. Oct. 11, 1861; res. April 15, 1862.
Alva C. Roach, com. May 1, 1S65 ; res. June 14, 1865.
Company I.
Captain.
Fifty-second Regiment.
Colonel.
Nathaniel J. Owens, com. Dec. 26, 1861; res. March 29, 1862;
capt. of 9th Cav.
James M. Smith, com. Oct. 21, 1S61 ; res. June 4, 1S62, disa-
bility.
Fifty-eighth Regiment.
Adjutants.
Quorlermaster.
Samuel W. Elliott, com. Oct. 24, 1861; res. Nov. 17, 1862.
William Ryan, com. Feb. 1, 1805; must, out with regt.
James H. Wright, com. Nov. 18, 18G2 ; pro. capt. and A.D.C.
Sept. 4, 1864.
Company D.
Captain.
Fifty-third Regiment.
Bryan C. Walpole, com. Jan. 29, 1863; res. March 10, 1863;
Colonel.
2d lieut. June 13, 1862.
Walter Q. Gresham, com. March 10, 1S62; pro. brig. -gen.
Aug. 11, 1863.
Company A.
Company 6.
First Lieutenant.
Captain.
Richard P. Craft, com. Jan. 29, 1863; res. April 18, 1863.
Hezekiah B. Wakefield, com. Sept. 19, 1863; hon. disch. May
Company K.
15, 1865; 2d lieut. September, 1S62.
Captain.
Fifty-fourth (one year) Regiment.
Colonel.
Woodford Tousey, com. Sept. 21, 1863; res. March 25, 1S05;
1st lieut. March 30, 1863 ; 2d lieut. Jan. 29, 1863.
Fielding Mansfield, must, out with regt.
Lie ntena7it- Colonel.
Fifty-ninth Regiment.
Herman Sturm, com. Nov. 17, 1862; res. Dec. 28, 1S62.
Je«. K. Scott, com. Aug. 13, 1864; must, out April 9, 1865,
Major.
term expired ; lieut.-col. Nov. 19, 1861.
Oliver M. Wilson, com. Jan. 1, 1863; must, out as capt. with
regt.
Adjutant.
Sixtieth Regiment.
Marshall P. Hayden, com. Oct. 29, 1862 ; died in rebel prison
Quai'termaster.
at Vicksburg Jan. 30, 1863, of wounds at Chickasaw Bayou.
John J. Palmer, com. Nov. 8, 1861 j app. Q.M., U.S.A.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
351
Company D.
Captaiu.
John Burns, com. Jan. 7, 1S62; res. Nov. 30, 1862.
Second Lieutenant.
Elijah W. McVey, com. Feb. 10, 1863 ; must, out with regt.
Sixty-third Regiment. — Four companies raised at
CovingtoQ were sent to Lafayette to guard prisoners ;
thence to this city to guard Camp Morton ; thence
East in May, 1862, where they were in the Second
Bull Run battle. They returned in October, and the
regiment completed with six additional companies.
It remained in Indianapolis, but four companies were
detached for provost guard duty. On Christmas,
1863, the other six companies went to Kentucky, to
guard railroads, till January, 1864, having frequent
skirmishes and long marches in that time. April 28th
they started to join Sherman in the Atlanta campaign.
On May Oth and 10th they lost two killed and four
wounded at Rocky Face Ridge, and at Resaca lost,
in a desperate charge over open ground, eighteen
killed and ninety-four wounded. They had sixteen
wounded in intrenchments near June 1st on the
Dallas line, and were put in front at Lost Mountain,
where six were killed and eight wounded. In the
flank movement at Kenesaw two were killed and one
captured. After the capture of Atlanta the Sixty-
third was moved about a good deal, engaged in de-
stroying railroads and doing guard duty. It joined
the movement against Hood, lost three killed and
three wounded at Columbia, and in the great battle
of Franklin lost one killed and one wounded. On the
16th of January, 1805, it went to Alexandria, Va.,
and thence to Fort Fisher. It engaged in the move-
ments against Hoke, and entered Wilmington, N. C,
February 23d, and remained till March 6th. At
Greensborough six companies were mustered out
June 21, 1865. The other four were mustered out
here May 20, 1865.
Lientcnunt-Colonel.
Henry Tindall, com. Jan. 22, 1864; hon. disch. May 19, 1864,
disability; had been maj. and capt. Co. I.
COMPA.VY A.
Firat Lieutenant.
Joseph M. Blytlie, com. May 21, 1804; pro. capt. Co. F; had
been 2d lieut.
Company B.
First Lieutenant.
Thomas McConnell, com. Feb. 21, 1862; res. June 11, 18G2.
Company F.
Captains.
(Justavus F. E. Raschig, com. Aug. 19, 1862 ; res. June 9, 1864,
disability.
Joseph M. BIythe, com. July 20, 1864; must, out with regt.
June 21, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Joseph R. Haugh, com. Aug. 19, 1862; pro. adjt. 5th Cav.
Second Lieutenant.
Henry Plaswick, com. Sept. 3, 1862; res. July 19, 1864.
Company I.
Captains.
Henry Tindall, com. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. maj.
TheodoreB.Wightman, com. Aug. 14, 1863; res. Nov. 18, 1863,
disability.
Andrew T. Jenkins, com. Jan. 12, 1864; hon. disch. Aug. 13,
1864.
First Lieutenants.
Theodore B. Wightman, com. Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. capt.
Jesse C. Hunt, com. Aug. 14, 1863 ; hon. disch. July 19, 1864.
Second Lieutenants.
Jesse C. Hunt, com. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Andrew T. Jenkins, com. Aug. 14, 1863; pro. capt.
Company K.
Captains.
Norman Tindall, com. Aug. 30, 1862; res. June 13, 1863.
William Bolen, com. July 1, 1863; disch, Sept. 6, 1864, disa-
bility.
First Lieutenant.
William Bolen, com. Aug. 30, 1862; pro. capt.
Second Lieutenant.
Frank G. Marcina, com. Aug. 30, 1862 ; res. Oct. 1, 1862.
Enlisted Men, Company F.
First Sergeant.
Henry Plasnick, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Laird Harrison, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 12, 1864, dis-
ability.
William R. Conroe, must. .\ug. 30, 1862; disch. Aug. 7, 1864,
disability.
Corporals.
Isaiah Lindsay, must. Aug. 30, 1862; killed at Resaca May
14, 1864.
Charles H. Roberts, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
352
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Isaac S. Cox, must. Aug. .30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
Henry Fisher, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 12, 1864, disa-
bility.
John Ehmen, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
Daniel O'Connel, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must, out June 21, 1865.
Musician.
Alexander Haugh, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
Privates.
George Barker, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out Juno 21, 1S65.
Paul P. Blank, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
William H. Bird, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
Elihu H. Embree, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 16,
1865.
William H. Hornaday, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June
21, 1865.
Thomas M. Hume, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
John K. Long, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
Edward Louney, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must, out June 21, 1865,
John McKeand, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
James S. Miller, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
John E. Moore, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must, out July 21, 1865.
William McCaw, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out May 11, 1865.
Asbury May, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
William J. Markland, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
Thomas Mathers, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
Thomas Myers, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21, 1865.
Christian Myers, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out July 6, 1865,
Willis G. Pierson, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 2, 1865.
Walter B. Price, mast. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 2, 1865.
Ezekiel Ross, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 2, 1865.
William H. Ralston, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; mast, out June 21,
1865.
Frederick Stilz, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; must, out June 21,1 865.
William H. Vorhees, must. Aug. 30, 1862: must, out June 21,
1865.
Robert R. Walker, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
James A. Winnings, must. Aug. 30, 1862; must, out June 21,
1865.
William H. Corbaley, must. Aug. 30, 1862 : trans, to V.R.C.
Jan. 1, 1864.
David L. Boots, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; died at Indianaiiolis
Jan. 27, 1864.
William Boulds, must. Aug. 30, 1862; killed at Burnt Hickory
June 16, 1864.
John W. Carrell, must. Aug. 30, 1862; died at Indianapolis
Dec. 8, 1863.
Alexander Connaday, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; died at Cleveland,
Tenn., May 20, 1864.
John P. Jack, must. Aug. 30, 1862; killed .at Burnt Hickory
June 16, 1864.
James M. Jack, must. Aug. 30, 1862; diseh. Feb. 10, 1863, by
civil authority.
James Jennings, must. Aug 30, 1862; disch. Aug. 24, 1863,
disability.
Alexander Kinsley, must. Aug. 30, 1862; died at Indianapolis
Nov. 24, 1863.
John G. Kolf, must. Aug. 30, 1802; trans, to 18th U. S. Inf.
Feb. 5, 1863.
David L. McClellan, must. Aug. 30, 1862; died at Indianapolis
Sept. 24, 1864.
Melvin McCaw, must. Aug. 30, 1862; trans, to V. R. C. ; must.
out July 20, 1865.
John A. MuUin, must. Aug. 30, 1862; killed at Resaca May
14, 1864.
Samuel Murrell, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; killed at Town Creek
Feb. 20, 1865.
Isaac C. Myers, must. Aug. 30, 1862 ; died at Cleveland, Tenn.,
May 10, 1864.
John Railsback, must. Aug. 30, 1862; disch. Aug. 26,1863,
disability'.
Enoch Railsback, must. Aug. 30, 1 863 ; died at Alexandria, Ya..,
Feb. 14, 1865.
Gresham L. Rude, must. Aug. 30, 1862; killed at Resaca
May 14, 1864.
George L. Sinks, must. Aug. 30, 1862; trans, to V. R. C. Aug.
16, 1864; must, out May 10, 1865.
James Williams, must. Aug. 30, 1862; died at Indianapolis
March 4, 1863.
Seventieth Regiment. — The Seventieth Regi-
ment rendezvoused at Indianapolis and was fully or-
ganized between the 14th of July and the 12th of
August, 1862, in less than one month, when it was
mustered in with Benjamin Harrison as colonel. It
left Indianapolis on the 13th, reaching Louisville
same day, and on the following night left for Bowl-
ing Green, reporting for duty on the 15th, thus be-
ing the first regiment in the field under the call of
July, 1862. From Bowling Green there were made
several small expeditions to Franklin, Morgantown,
Munfordville, and Russellville, at which place, on
the 30th of July, it encountered several hundred
cavalry, killing and wounding many, and capturing
forty horses and a large lot of small-arms, saddles,
and other property.
On the 10th of November the regiment moved
with Ward's brigade, Dumont's division. Fourteenth
Army Corps, to Scottsville, Ky., and on the 24th to
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
353
Gallatin, Tenn. On the 10th of December, as part
of the Eighth Brigade, Eighth Division, Fourteenth
Army Corps, it was posted along the Louisville and
Nashville Railroad, from Gallatin to Nashville, to de-
fend the road and bridges, on which duty it was en-
gaged until the 9th of February, 1863. It then
went into camp at Gallatin, doing provost and picket
duty until June 1st, when it was removed to La-
vergne, Tenn. Remaining here until the 30th of
June, it then marched to Murfreesborough, camping
at Fort Rosecrans, when it was assigned to the Sec-
ond Brigade, Third Division, of Gen. Granger's re-
serve corps. On the 19th of August it moved with
its brigade to Nashville, and while there it was en-
gaged iu guarding trains to Stevenson, Chattanooga,
and other points, and picket and fatigue duty within
the city. On the 2d of January, 1864, the regiment
was transferred to the First Brigade, First Division,
Eleventh Army Corps, and Col. Harrison assigned
to the brigade. On the 24th of February the Sev-
entieth left Nashville and marched with its division
to Wauhatchie, Tenn., in Lookout Valley.
From Wauhatchie it marched on the 2d of May,
having previously been transferred to the First Bri-
gade, Tiiird Division, Twentieth Army Corps, and
entered on the Atlanta campaign, during which it
was engaged in the following battles : Resaca, Cass-
ville, New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw
Mountain, Marietta, Peach-Tree Creek, and the siege
of Atlanta.
At Resaca it led the attack on the left and cap-
tured a fort and four Napoleon guns, the only ones
captured between Chattanooga and Atlanta, and had
forty-one killed, forty-three died of wounds, and one
hundred and ninety-one wounded.
On the 5th of November, 1864, the veterans and
remaining recruits of the Twenty-seventh Indiana
were consolidated with the Seventieth by special
order. The regiment participated in Sherman's
march through Georgia, and on the 31st of Decem-
ber it crossed the Savannah River with the first bri-
gade of Western troops that entered South Carolina.
Marching through the Carolinas it rested at Raleigh,
N. C, where it was on the announcement of Lee's
surrender. From here it went to Richmond and
23
then to Washington City, where it was mustered out
June 8, 1865. Those whose terms had not expired
were transferred to the Thirty-third, and then mus-
tered out at Louisville on the 21st of July, 1865.
The regiment was publicly welcomed on its return
home, on the 16th of June. The casualties of the
regiment were forty-three killed, same number died
of wounds, one hundred and ninety-four wounded,
five accidentally wounded, and one hundred and two
I died of sickness ; total, three hundred and eighty-
seven.
Original enlistments for three years from Marion
County :
Colonel.
Beujamin Harrison, com. Aug. 7, 1S62; brev. brig.-gen. ; must,
out with regt.
Lieutenant-Colonel.
Samuel Merrill, com. March 1, 1S62 ; must, out with regt.
Majors.
Samuel C. Vance, com. Aug. 9, 1869 ; res. April 10, 1863 ; app.
col. 132d Regt.
Samuel Merrill, com. April II, 1863; pro. lieut.-col.
Adjutant.
James L. Mitchell, com. July 16, 1862; must, out with regt.
Quartermaster .
John L. Ketcbam, Jr., com. Feb. 14, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
Archibald C. Allen, con
Claplaln.
. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out i
ith regt.
Assistant Surgeons.
William R. Smith, com. Aug. 12, 1862; res. Not. S, 1862.
Jenkins A. Fitzgerald, com. Oct. 17, 1S63; must, out with regt.
Herman J. Watjen, com. Jan. 1, 1865; must, out with regt. as
hospital steward.
CoMPAur A.
Captains.
Benjamin Harrison, com. July 22, 1862 ; pro. col.
Henry M. Scott, com. Aug. 9, 1862 ; brev. maj. March 31, 1865 ;
must, out with regt.
Henry M. Scott, com. July 22, 1862; pro. capt.
Martin L. Ohr, com. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out Nov. 4, 1864.
Seeond Lieutenants.
James A. Wallace, com. July 22, 1862; must, out Not. 22,
1864; pro. q.m. 10th Cav.
John W. Kilgour, com. Jan. 17, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
Company E,
Captains,
William M. Meredith, com. Aug. 6, 1S62 ; res. Aug. 12, 1864.
354
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Peter Fesler, com. Feb. 13, 1864, from 27th Regt. ; must, out
with regt.
Charles H. Co.\, com. Aug. 13, 1864; not mustered.
First Lieutenants.
Hiram II. Hand, com. Aug. 6, 1S62; res. Nov. 9, 1862.
Columbus V. Gray, com. Nov. 10, 1862 ; res. June 16, 1863.
Edward B. Colestock, com. Jan. 17, 1863; died May 30, 1864,
of wounds received at Resaca.
Charles H. Cox, com. July 1, 1SG4; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenants.
Columbus V. Gray, com. Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Edward B. Colestock, com. Nov. 10, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Charles II. Cox, com. Jan. 17, 1863; pro. 1st lieut.
Allan F. Schley, com. Aug. 13, 1864 ; must, out with regt.
CuMPAsr F.
Second Lieutenant.
John S. Parker, com. Feb. 11, 1865; must, out with regt.
Company G.
Captain.
Parker S. Carson, com. .\ug. 7, 1862; must, out with regt.
First Lieutenant.
Summerfield Thomas, com. Jan. 24, 1865; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenant.
Summerfield Thomas, com. Nov. 14, 1864; pro. 1st lieut.
Company H.
First Lieutenant.
William Hardenbrook, com. Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out with regt.
Company K.
Captains.
Samuel Merrill, com. Aug. 1, 1862 ; pro. maj.
Thomas S. Campbell, com. Nov. 14, 1864; declined and com-
mission returned.
First Lieutenants.
Thomas S. Campbell, com. Sept. 19, 1864: must, out with regt.
"William H. Kemper, com. Jan. 24, 1865; declined and com-
mission returned.
Second Lieutenants.
Thomas S. Campbell, com. April 11, 1S63; pro. 1st lieut.
William H. Kemper, com. Nov. 14, 1864 ; must, out with regt,
NON-COMMISSIONED StAFF.
Sergeant-Mojor.
Musgrave, Phillip D., must. Aug. 12,1862; trans, to Co. A
Aug. 20, 1862.
Quartermaster-Sergeant.
Marrs, William A., must. Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
Commissary -Sergeant.
Isaacs, Reuben D., must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. Feb. 15, 1863,
for disability.
Hospital Steward.
Watson, Herman J., must. Aug. 12,1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Enlistkd Men, Company A.i
First Sergeant.
I John W. Kilgore, must. July 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Serjeants.
John Judge, must. July 16, 1862; must, out June 8, 1864, as
1st sergt.
George W. MoKnight, must. July 17, 1862; disch. Dec. 6, 1864,
for disability.
Andrew A. Buchanan, must. July 19, 1S62; must, out June 8,
1865.
Alonzo P. Babbitt, must. July 22, 1862; mu,st. out July S, 1S65.
Corporals.
Wm. R. Smith, Cumberland, must. July 14, 1862 ; pro. asst. surg.
Robert A. Taylor, must. July 18, 1862; disch. May 20, 1863,
for disability.
George W. Lackey, must. July 15, 1862; disch. Nov. 9, 1862,
for disability.
Herman F. Ropkey, Cumberland, must. July 19, l.'<62; must.
out June 8, 1865, as sergt.
Henry Wesling, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865,
as sergt.
George W. Cook, Cumberl.and, must. July 19, 1862; disch.
April 10, 1865, fur wounds.
Musicians.
Samuel H. Lauback, must. June 16, 1862; killed at Resaca,
Ga., May 14, 1864.
Herman J.Watson, must, Aug. 6, 1802; must, out June 8,
1865, as hosp. steward.
Wagoner.
Jackson Summer, Bridgeport, must, Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out
June 8, 1865.
Prirates.
Isa.ic Baker, must, July 17, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Henry Baker, must. July 17, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Anton Banka, Cumberland, must. July 21, 1862; must, out
June 8, 1865.
George W. Burris, must. July 19, 1862; disch. Dec. 6, 1864, for
wounds.
John L. Brown, Clermont, must. July 21, 1862; disch. March
3, 1865, for wounds.
Jerome A. Babbitt, must. July 23, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865, as Corp.
Henry Cruse, must. Aug. 4, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
• In the roll of enlisted men, all those not residents of In-
dianapolis are so stated.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
355
Francis Cecil, Cumberland, mu?t. July 21,1862; must, out
June 8, 1865.
Clark Converse, must. July 14, lSr,2; died Aug, 18, 1864, of
wounds.
Lemuel L. Carter, must. July 15, 1SC2: must, out June 8, 1865,
as Corp.
John Custer, must. July 18, 1862: must, out June 8, 1865.
Alfred Chandler, must. July 21, 1862 ; trans, to Engineer Corps
July 31, 1864.
Josiah S. Clark, must. July 21, 1862; disch. June 30, 1863, for
disability.
Edward Cox, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Allen Caylor, must. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. Jan. 27, 1863, for
disability.
Andrew Dunway, must. July 17, 1862; killed at Resaca, Ga.,
May 14, 1864.
Perry A. Demanget, must. July 19, 1862 ; killed at Resaca, Ga.,
May 14, 1864.
William Douglass, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June S, 1865.
John England, Cumberland, must. July 19, 1862: disch. Jan.
20, 1863, for disability.
Edmond P. Ervin, must. July 19, 1862; must, out May 10, 1865.
Wilkinson Farley, must. July 25,1862; disch. Dec. 18, 1862, for
disability.
James Fergus, must. July 15, 1862; disch. Jan. 20, 1865, for
wounds.
Nathaniel Follett, must. Aug. 4, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Rodney B. Gibbons, must. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. Deo. 6, 1864,
for wounds.
Samuel B. Gardner, must. July 19,1862; must, out Juno 8,
1865, as Corp.
Frank Hall, must. Aug. 4, 1802; must, out June 8, 1865.
Joseph F. Harbart, must. July 17, 1862; died at Nashville
May 17, 1864.
John W. Hackleman, must. July 19, 1862; trans, to Engineer
Corps July 31, 1S64.
Noble Huntington, Cumberland, must. July 19, 1862 ; must, out
June 8, 1865, as sergt.
John Harrison, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
William Hobbs, Cumberland, must. July 19,1862; must, out
June 8, 1865.
Howard Hudnut, must. Aug. 6, 1862; killed at Russellville,
Ky., Sept. 30, 1862.
John R. Jenkins, must. July 15, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
John Law, must. July 17, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Alexander Moore, must. July 22, 1862 ; died at Resaca, Ga.,
June 5, 1864, of wounds.
Moses Musgrave, must. July 21, 1862; disch. April 23, 1863,
for disability.
Philip D. Musgrave, must. July 15, 1862; pro. surg. U. S. col-
ored troops.
Henry May, must. July 19. 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Oliver Marshall, must. Aug. 4, 1862; disch. April 7, 1863, for
disability.
William Muston, Bridgeport, must. Aug. 5, 1S62; must, out
June 8, 1865.
William MoElroy, must. July 21, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C. Jan.
10, 1865.
Joseph F. MeFailing, must. July 25, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Samuel L. Null, must. July IS, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Lebbens T. Nassaman, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
George R. Orr, must. July 15, 1862; pro. lieut. U. S. colored
troops.
Andrew A. Peck, must. July 15, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Francis Pursell, must. July 21, 1862; died at Chattanooga June
25, 1864, of wounds.
Charles Pursell, must. July 19, 1862; died at Louisville June
30, 1864.
William Purcell, must. July 21, 1862; disch. Nov. 8, 1862, for
disability.
Robert H. Patterson, must. Aug. 5,1862; disch. March 13,
186.3, for disability.
Frederick Rodeback, Cumberland, must. July 19, 1862 ; must.
out June 8, 1865.
Dudley Roberts, must. July 21, 1862; disch. May 29, 1863, for
disability.
William H. Smith, must. July 21, 1S62; died at Gallatin Deo.
26, 1862.
James Shank, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at Bowling Green Sept.
4, 1862.
William H. H. Shank, must. Aug. 6, 1862: must, out June 8,
1865, as Corp.
Jonathan P. Sunderland, must. Aug. 4, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
Daniel Spiegel, Bridgeport, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June
8, 1865.
David P. Thomas, must. July 19, 1862 ; died at Gallatin April
23, 1863.
Gardner P. Thornton, must. July 21, 1862; pro. lieut. U. S.
colored troops.
Alexander Thiir, must. July 21, 1862; disch. June 22, 1864.
George W. Wells, must. July 15, 1862; died at Gallatin March
2, 1863.
John Williams, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Henry Wiese, Cumberland, must. July 19, 1862; must, out
June 8, 1865.
James N. Wilson, must. July 19, 1862; killed at Kesaca, Ga.,
May 14, 1864.
George C.Wallace, must. July 21, 1862; disch. March 26, 1864,
by order War Department.
William J. Wheatley, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1862,
for disability.
SimeonT. Yancey, must. July 22,1802; must, out June 8, 1865.
Company E.
First Serijeant,
Edward B. Colestock, must. July 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
356
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Samuel Lang, must. July 16, 1862 ; must, out .Tune 8, 1865, as
private.
William Bodenhammer, must. July 16, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
William H. Griggs, must. July 21, 1862; died at Edgefield
Junction, Tenn., Deo. 21, 1862.
Daniel J. Miller, must. July 17, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Curporah,
William 11. Cooper, must. July 22, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Frank A. Majers, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865, as private.
Allen F.Schley, must. July 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Jonathan Gray, must. July 15, 1862; discharged.
Frederick J. Meickel, must. July 18, 1862 ; must, out June S,
1865, as private.
Robert F. Davis, must. July 21, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Cyrus 0. Sackett, must. Aug. 6, 1862: must, out June 8, 1865,
as principal musician.
Thomas D. Smith, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Wagoner.
Thomas Fitzgerald, must. July 26, 1862; trans, to Engineer
Corps Aug. 10, 1864.
Priiales.
George K. Albro, mu?t. July 29, 18G2; must, out June 8, 1865.
Melville C. Alexander, must. Aug. 5, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Isaac Amos, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865, as
Corp.
Jerry Barkef, must. July 31, 1862 ; disch. March 26, 1861.
Charles Berg, must. Aug. 4, 1862; died June 30, 1864, of
wounds.
Thomas Beale, must. July 15, 1862; died at Chattanooga July
5, 1864.
John F. Burns, must. July 18, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Charles C. Butler, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Jasper N. Butterfield, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Anthony Bredemeyer, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Chris. C. Bredemeyer, must. Aug. 5, 1862: must, out .Tune 8,
1865.
Henry W. Bruscher, must. Aug. 5, 1862 ; discharged.
William D. C. Brickett, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; killed at Resaca
May 14, 1S64.
Winfield Scott Baker, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
Henry Caylor, must. July 17, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Charles L. Carter, must, Aug. 5, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
John D. Charles, must. Aug. 5, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Charles F. W. Cook, must. July 18, 1862: must, out June 8,
1865.
George C. Campbell, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865, as Corp.
Joel Converse, must. July 25, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Joseph Clinton, must. July 25, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865,
as sergt.
George H. Craig, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865,
as Corp.
j Charles H. Co.^, must. Aug. 5, 1862 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Thomas R. Davies, must. Aug. 5, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Williaui H. Dcmmy, must. July 23, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
John M. Da^hiel, must. July 22, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Jenkins A. Fitzgerald, must. July 21, 1862; pro. asst. surg.
William Forsha, must. Aug. 1, 1862; discharged.
David B. Forsha, must. July 28, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Albert L. Ferguson, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
George W. Gettier, must. July 18, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865, as sergt.
.Tames S.Hardin, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Henry Heitkam, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Edward Higdon, must. July 25, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
William R. Hushaw, must. Aug. 1, 1862; died at Lookout Val-
ley, Tenn., March 31, 1864.
Thomas B. Hornaday, must. July 16, 1862; must, out June 8,
• 1865.
Charles W. Jenkins, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Augustus J. Einnan, must. July 18, 1862; discharged.
Charles W. Knight, must. Aug. 5, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
William W. Lang, must. .Tuly 24, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
John IL Law, must. July 30, 1862 ; inust. out June 8, 1865.
Joseph Landers, must. July 30, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
George W. Loucks, must. July 18, 1 862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
John D. Lowe, must. Aug. 4, 1862; disch. March 19, 1863.
William McCubbin, must. July 27, 1862; died at Bowling
Green, Ky., Nov. 3, 1862.
Harvey X. McGuire, must. July 19, 1852; must, out June 8,
1865.
Samuel E. Mette, must. July 25, 1862 ; must, out .Tune 8,
1865.
Alva C. May, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865, as
Corp.
Theophilus McClure, must. July 16, 1862; must, out June 8,
1S65.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
357
William Miller, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; discharged.
John W. MoConnell, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865, as sergt.
John L. McConnell, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Remus Oakej, must. Aug. 1, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Edward Oakey, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out Jane S, 1865.
John W. Perkins, must. Aug. 5, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Peter Quackenbush, must. July 28, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Hiram R. Rhoads, must. July 28, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
James M. Rhoads, must. July 2S, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
Ezra Ross, must. July 2S, 1862; killed at Kenesaw Mountain
June 16, 1864.
William H. Robinson, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Samuel H. Stevens, must. July 19,1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
John F. Shoemaker, must. Aug. 5, 1862; trans, to Engineer
Corps July 18, 1864.
George Shoemaker, must. Aug. 5, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Charles Shott, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
David Smith, must. Aug. 4, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Joseph B. Sulgrove, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Joseph H. Vandeman, must. July 30, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Frank W. Wells, must. July 15, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
George N. Wells, must. July 2.% 1862 ; discharged.
Samuel Whiteridge, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
John Wilson, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Enlisted Men, Company G.
Fh-Ht Senjcant.
Edward S. Smock, Acton, must. July 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Serr/eant8.
Josiah Lawes, Acton, must. July 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
John S. Morris, Acton, must. July 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Thomas Summerfield, Acton, mu.^t. July 14, 1862 ; pro. 2d lieut.
Edward Kenzel, Southport, must. July 21, 1862; killed near
Big Shanty, Ga., June 15, 1864.
Corporals.
John C.Thomas, must. July 23, 1862; killed at Resaca May
14, 1S6J.
Richard C. Ferree, Southport, must. July 19, 1862; killed at
Resaca May 14, 1864.
Daniel W. Levette, Acton, must. July 19, 1862; died at Chat-
tanooga Oct. 11, 1864.
William McLaughlin, Southport, must. July 19, 1862; must.
out June 8, 1865, as sergt.
Cary A. MoFarland, must. July 19, 1862; must, out Juno 8,
1865.
David Brewer, Southport, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June
9, 1865, as sergt.
Dan. M. Ransdell, must. Aug. 28, 1862; diseh. March 1, 1865,
arm amputated.
Robert M. Willis, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 6, 1864.
Muaiciaii.
Wharton Ransdell, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June S, 1865.
Prirates.
Joseph J. Alexander, must. July 31, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Robert Butcher, Acton, must. July 22, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865.
John W. Barnett, must. July 20, 1S62 ; must, out Juno 8, 1865.
Howard W. Brumley, must. July 28, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Andrew Carson, Acton, must. Aug. 7, 1S62; must, out June 8,
1865.
Absalom Cruse, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Samuel S. Colly, Acton, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
John R. Copeland, must. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
George Crpsson, Acton, must. Aug. 8, 1862.
George W. Caldwell, Acton, must. July 15, 1862; must, out
June 8, 1865, as sergt.
James G. Clark, Acton, must. July 16. 1862: must, out June 8,
1865, as corp.
Thomas D. Campbell, must. Aug. 6, 1862: must, out June 8,
1865.
William Dunlap, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Richard Dobson, must. July 19, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Thomas W. Duell, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Joseph H. Edwards, Acton, must. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
Isaac N. Fred, must. July 28, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Elijah R. Fisher, must. Aug. 9, 1862: must, out June 8, 1865,
as Corp.
David Grube, must. July 19, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
Alexander Gordon, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
William Guirmup, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
James H. Gibson, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
James 0. Harris, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June 8, 1865.
George W. Harlin, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Thomas D. Hartman, Southport, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out
June 8, 1865.
William A. Kuser, Southport, must. July 19, 1862; must, out
Junes, 1865.
Valentine Leeper, Acton, must. July 16, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
358
HISTORY OF IJfDIANAPOLTS AND MARION COUMTY.
William R. Lowes, Aclon, must. July 27, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
Valentine S. MoMulIon, must. July 21, 18fi2; must, out June
8, 1865.
Robert S. Moore, must. July 22, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
George W. McMillen, Acton, must. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out
Juno S, 1865.
William A. Marrs, Southport, must. July 22, 1862; must, out
June 8, 1865, as q.m.-sergt.
Enoch R. Nelson, Acton, must. July 22, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
Darid W. Pierson, Acton, must. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
John H. Peggs, Acton, must. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out Juno 8,
1865.
Charles W. Rawlings, Southport, must. July 19, 1S62; must.
out June 8, 1865.
Benjamin Ransdell, Southport, must. July 21, 1802; must, out
June 8, 1865.
Theodore Rayborn, Acton, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
Richard Scanlon, must. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Richard M. Smock, must. July 19, 1862; must, cut June 8,
1865.
George C. Thompson, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865, as Corp.
Shelton Thompson, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
James J. Toon, must. July 19, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Joseph A. Whcatley, must. Aug. 8, 1862: must, out June 8,
1865.
William L. Wentz, must. July 23, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Nelson Yoke, must. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
BecrulK.
George W. Lewis, Acton, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
William D. Brenton, Acton, must. July 19, 1862; killed at
Resaca May 14, 1S64.
William T. Clark, Acton, must. July 16, 1862; killed at Resaca
May 14, 1864.
Chanoey Lewitt, Acton, must. Aug. 6, 1862; killed at Resaca
' May 14, 1864.
Hiram Adair, must. Aug. 9, 1862; died at N.ashville July 20,
1864, of wounds at Big Shai^t}'.
James B. Adair, must. Aug. 6, 1862: died at Chattanooga of
wounds.
Henry H. Clary, must. Aug. S, 1862; died at Chattanooga June
20, 1864, of wounds.
Charles N. Fitzgerald, Acton, must. July 14, 1862 ; died June
16, 1863.
Silas S. Harris, must. July 28, 1862; died at Bridgeport, Ala.,
Aug. 14, 1864.
Martin M. Harlin, must. Aug. 7,1862; died at Chattanooga
July 8, 1864, of wounds.
George M. Jones, must. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Bowling Green,
Ky., Nov. 8, 1862.
Lyman L. Martin, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Murfreesborough
Nov. 10, 1863.
Benjamin Thomas, must. Dec. 14. 186.1 ; died June 21, 1864.
John W. Foulk, must. July 21, 1862; killed near Dallas, Ga.,
May 25, 1864.
William Wells, Acton, must. Aug. G, 1862; killed near Atlanta,
Ga.
Ellison Carr, must. Aug. 12, 1862; diseb. Aug. 12, 1864, dis-
ability.
David M. Edwards, Acton, must. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. June
12, 1863, disability.
Jeremiah N. Feathcrston, must. July IS, 1862; disch. March
6, 1865, disability.
Thomas B. Fowler, must. July 25,1862; disch. Dec. 6,1864,
disability.
Albert Helms, must. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. Jan. 17, 1865, dis-
ability.
James H. McLaughlin, Southport, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch.
July 19, 1863, disability.
Daniel H. Merryman, must. Aug. 7, 1802 ; disch. Nov. 30, 1863,
disability.
Moses D. McClain, must. July 28, 1862; disch. Aug. 18, 1864,
for wounds.
William Rawlings, Southport, must. July 19, 1802; disch. Feb.
18, 1863, disability.
James W. Russell, Southport, must. Aug. 10, 1802; disch. Deo.
6, 1862, disability.
Luther .Sylvey, must. Aug. 2, 1862; disch. March 11, 1864,
disability. .
John T. Seeley, must. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. Nov. 2.3, 1864, dis-
ability.
David H. Stoops, Southport, must. July 15, 1862; disch. Dec. 7,
1864, for wounds.
Samuel J. Smock, must. Aug. 10, 1862; disch. Sept. 1, 1864,
for wounds.
John Thomas, must. July 18, 1862; disch. May 4, 1863, dis-
ability.
Adoljiha Toon, must. July 21, 1862; disch. March 19, 1863,
disability.
Howard Todd, must. Aug. 11, 1802; disch. Feb. 9, 1863, dis-
ability.
William H. Freel, must. Nov. 7, 1803 ; disch. March IS, 1865.
Samuel H. Moore, must, Nov. 6, 1863 ; disch. for promotion
March 29, 1864.
Samuel Barrow, Acton, must. Dee. 5, 1863; trans, to 33d Regt.
June 8, 1865.
William E. Gordon, Acton, must. Oct. 27, 1803; trans, to 33d
Regt. June 8, 1865.
Francis M. Hartman, Southport, must. July 31, 1864; trans, to
33d Regt. June 8, 1865.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
359
Robert A. Moore, must. Sept. S, 1S63; trans, to 33d Regt.
June 8, 1865.
John J. Turner, must. Dec. 14, 1863 ; trans, to 33d Regt. June
8, 1865.
EXLISTED Mks, CoMPAXr K.
first Serfjeant.
Thomas S. Campbell, must. July 25, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Sergeants.
Nathan A. Secrest, must. July 1-1, 1S62; pro. capt. of 2Sth
U. S. Colored Inf.
William H. Kemper, must. July 19, 1862: pro. 2d lieut.
George P. Vnncc, must. July 30, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 26, 1863.
Corporals.
Cas. T. Curtis, must. July 22, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865,
as 1st sergt.
Andrew Graydon, must. July U, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865,
•IS sergt.
Parish L. Mayhew, must. July 15, 1862; disch. Jan. 21, 1863.
Frank Gillett. must. July 15, 1862; disch. for promotion U. S.
Colored Inf.
Robert W. Caihcart, must. July 15, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865, as sergt.
Musicians.
Thomas Angle, must. July 24, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 17, 1864, for
wounds.
Nathauiel E. Eudaly, must. July 24, 1862; must, out June 8,
1865.
Watfoner.
George W. Koontz, must. July 15, 1862; disch. Dec. 13, 1864,
for wounds.
Priiales.
Perry E. Abell, Castleton, must. July 26, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865.
Benjamin F. Askren, Lawrence, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch.
Dec. 7, 1864.
James W. Blue, must. July 25, 1862 ; died at Chattanooga
March 8, 1864.
George W. Carter, must. July 21, 1862; died at Indianajiolis
June 16, 1864.
James H. Clark, must. Aug. 7, 1862; killed at Kenesaw Moun-
tain June 22, 1864; sergt.
Richard Graves, must. July 15, 1862; must, out June 8, 1S65.
Martin V. Griffith, Lawrence, must. Aug. 5, 1862; died May
24, 1864, of wounds.
James Graves, Lawrence, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June S,
1865.
William C. Hind, Cumberland, must. July 26, 1862; disch. Jan.
22, 1863.
John L. Ketcham, must. July 15, 1862; pro. q.m.
John Kirkland, Lawrence, must. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Sanders
ville, Tenn., Feb. 20, 1863.
George Kooker, must. July 30, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Robert Langsdale, must. July 24, 1862; disch. March 4, 1863.
Thomas Miller, Clermont, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June
8, 1865, as corp.
Charles Potts, must. July 25, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Alfred E. Purcell, must. Aug. 9, 1862; killed at Resaca May
14, 1864.
George Redmond, must. July 30, 1862; must, out Juno 8, 1865.
Harvey B. Rodgers, must. July 30, 1862 ; must, out June 8,
1865, as Corp.
Abraham Seay, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
John Seay, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
John Seekamp, must. July 30, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865.
Marion Springer, Lawrence, must. Aug. 5, 1862; died at Gal-
latin, Tenn., Dec. 3, 1862.
John Stoofe, Lawrence, must. Aug. 7, 1862; uiust. out June 8,
1865.
James Vansickle, Lawrence, must. July ] 9, 1862 ; died at Nash-
ville, Tenn , Nor. 13, 1863.
David Watson, must. July 30,1862; died M.ay 17, 1864, of
wounds.
Jasper Watson, must. July 31, 1862 ; must, out June 8. 1865.
Martin Watson, must. July 26, 1862; must, out June 8, 1865,
as corp.
Fourth Cavalry (Seventy-seventh) Regiment.
— The Fourth Cavalry Reginieut was organized at
Indianapolis on the 22d of August, 1862, with Isaac
P. Gray as colonel. On the completion of its organi-
zation the aspect of afikirs in Kentucky was so threat-
ening that four companies, the regiment havini; been
divided, were sent, under the command of Maj. John
A. Platter, to Henderson, Ky., and the remaining
companies to Louisville, from whence they were or-
dered into the interior, where they were joined by
Col. Gray.
The battalion under the command of Maj. Platter
had a skirmish at Madisonvilie, Ky., on the 26th of
August, and again at Mount Washington on the 1st
of October, in which a number were killed and
wounded. On the 5th it was engaged again at Mad-
isonvilie, with a slight loss. In the spring of 1863
this battalion joined the other companies.
During the invasion of Bragg, a part of the regi-
ment, under Col. Gray, was camped at Madison,
moving from there to Vevay, then across the river to
Frankfort, Ky., remaining here until about the 1st
of December, when they started in the pursuit of
Morgan, defeating him, on Christmas, at Mumfords-
ville, with a .slight loss. From here, in January,
1863, a movement was made into East Tennessee,
360
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
where the regiment was united and assigned to the
army of Roseerans, and on the 19th and 20th of
September participated in the battle of Chickamauga,
and a small engagement on the 23d, and also on the
1st of November at Fayetteville. During the winter
of 1863-64 the regiment was in East Tennessee,
having engagements at Mossy Creek, Talbot's, and
Dundridge, and on the 27th of January, 1864, a
severe fight at Fair Garden. Capt. Rosecranz, of
Company F, with Second Battalion of the Fourth
Cavalry, dismounted, made a charge, with the Second
Indiana and First Wisconsin Cavalry, also dis-
mounted. Maj. Purdy, with the First Battalion,
supported by Lilly's Eighteenth Indiana Battery,
made a sabre charge on a rebel battery, being led
by Lieut.-Col. Leslie, who was killed in the charge,
and captured the battery and more prisoners than
they had men, and sufiFered but little loss.
The regiment in March moved to Cleveland, Tenn.,
then to Atlanta in May, having skirmishes at Var-
nell's Station on the 9th, at Burnt Church on the 2d
of June, and at Newnan on the 31st of July. Com-
ing back into Tennessee, it had engagements at Co-
lumbia ; went from here to Louisville, then to Nash-
ville, and in February, 1865, to Waterloo, Ala., and
was afterwards in the battles of Plantersville and
Selma. Coming back to Nashville in May, it was
mustered out and discharged June 29, 1865, not
returning home in a body.
Company C served as escort to Gen. A. J. Smith
91 the siege of Vicksburg and the Red River expedi-
tion, but joined the regiment in 1864 and served
with it until discharged.
M,,jor.
Albert J. Morley, com. June 24, 1864 j must, out with regt.
Adjutants.
William G. Anderson, com. July 31, 1863 ; dismissed Aug. 8,
1864.
Homer C. Carpenter, com. Aug. 4, 1864 ; must, out with regt.
Quartennaater.
George W.French, com. Aug. 1, 1863; disch. March 18, 1865.
Assistant Stwf/eou.
Jonathan J. Barrett, com. Sept. 3, 1863 j not must.
Albert J. Morley,
Company A.
Captain.
. Jan. 10, 1863 ; pro. maj.
First Lieutenant.
Albert J. Morley, com. Oct. 16, 1862; pro. capt.
Second Lieutenants.
Upton J. Hammond, com. Aug. 1, 1862; res. Feb. 26, 1863.
Albert J. Morley, com. Aug. 1, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Company E.
First Lieutenant.
Daniel S. Moulton, com. April 30, 1863; 2d lieut. Sept. 4,1862;
must, out with regt.
Company G.
Henry M. Billingsley, com. May 16, 1865 ; must, out with
regt. ; bad been 1st and 2d lieut.
Enlisted Men, Company A.
Qua rtermaster-Serrjea nt.
Charles J. Ford, must. July 28, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 29, 1864, as
private.
Commissary Seryeant.
Conwell P. Meek, must. Aug. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Serrjeants.
William H. Eagle, must. .\ug. 3,1862; must, out June 29,1865,
OS private.
John W. Smith, must. July 24, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Robert J. Killan, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865,
as private.
Corporals.
Joseph M. Douglass, must. Aug. 3, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 1, 1862.
James A. Rowans, must. Aug. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Marion Kelly, must. July 30, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865, as
serg.
Farrier and Blacksmith.
Edward Wilson, must. Aug. 9, 1862; disch. Oct. 21, 1862.
Privates.
Jefiferson Bailey, must. July 29, 1862 ; disch. May, 1863.
Abijah Bales, must. July 30, 1862; disch. Nov. 1,1864, leg am-
putated.
Oscar M. Barnett, must. Aug. 4, 1862; died at Cartersville, Ga.,
Sept. 2, 1864.
James T. Boswell, must. Aug. 8, 1862 ; died at Murfreesbor-
ough April 23, 1863.
Joseph E. Boswell, must. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865, as 1st sergt.
John Barnes, must. Aug. 14, 1862; trans, to V. R. C. May S,
1864.
James Bennett, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 29, 1865,
as Corp.
Seward Cramer, must. July 29, 1862; must, out June 29, 1865.
Homer C. Carpenter, must. July 29, 1862; pro. adjt.
Charles Carter, must. Aug. 9, 1862; died at Murfreesborough
Aug. 2, 1863.
MARION COUNTif IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
361
Jacob H. Durst, must. Aug. 8, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C. May 8,
1864.
Jesse J. Downard, must. July 28, 1S62; must, out June 29,
1865.
Henry Ellis, must. Aug. 14, 1862: must, out June 29, 1865.
John Fox, must. .Tuly 29, 1862 : disch. Oct. 8, 1862.
John H. Ferguson, must. July 29, 1862 ; must, out June 29,
1865.
Alexander C. Ferguson, must. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out Juno
29, 1865.
Francis M. Fiscus, must. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
James M. Ferguson, must. Aug. 6, 1862 : must, out June 29,
1865.
William J. Gray, must. Aug. 7, 1862; diseh.
Archimides Gilson, must. Aug, 7, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
James Grant, must. Aug. 6, 1862: must, out June 29, 1865.
William A. Hall, must. July 29, 1862; must, out June 29, 1865.
Richard D. Herald, must. July 29, 1862; died at Bowling
Green Dec. 6, 1862.
Samuel Hawkins, must. Aug. 7, 1862: died at home Jan. 14,
1864.
Edward Johnson, must. Aug. 6, 1862 : trans, to V. R. C. May 8,
1S64.
William H. Judkins, must. Aug. 9, 1862; died at Nashville
Oct. 14, 1864.
Andrew J. Long, must. July 29, 1862 ; disch. March 6, 186.3.
Samuel N. List, must. July 29, 1862; must, out June 29, 1865.
Martin T. Lang, must. Aug. 14, 1882 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
George H. Lehman, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
John S. Moore, mu.st. July 29, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865,
as regt. com.-sergt.
Noah N. Meek, must. Aug. .3, 18B2; must, out June 29, 1865.
Lot W. Martin, must. Aug. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Oliver P. Martin, must. Aug. 3, 1SG2; trans, to V. R. C. May 8,
1864.
Samuel B. McDaniel, must. July 29, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
Henry McDaniel, must. July 29, 1862 ; must, out June 29,
1865.
James W. McMaham, must. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865, as sergt.
Samuel R. Perkins, must. July 29, 1862 ; must, out June 29,
1865, as regt. q.m. -sergt.
Charles Purcell, must. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. March 18, 1863.
Martin E. Pierson, must. Aug. 6, 1S(!2; must, out June 29,
1865.
Lewis S. Pierson, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
Conrad Ra.ab, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Lewis A. Reinhart, must. July 29, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
24
Edwin Simpson, must. July 29, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
Nicholas Shumer, must. July 29, 1862 ; must, out June 29,
1865.
Joseph T. Short, must. Aug. 4, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
George W. Scott, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Isaiah M. Staley, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at New Market,
Tenn., Deo. 26, 1863.
Thomas W. Staley, must. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865, as Corp.
Richard B. Sears, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 29,
1865.
Augustus Servore, must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C. May
8, 1864.
Emanuel Tague, must. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. March S, 1863.
Charles Van Sickle, must. Aug. 8, 1862; died at Louisville
Oct. 5, 1862.
George Warner, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 8, 1862.
George W. White, must. July 24, 1862; disch. April 1, 1863.
William Yount, must. July 24, 1862; must, out June 29, 1865,
as Corp.
Recruits.
Ai Beard, must. Nov. 5, 1862; must, out June 29, 1865.
Henry C. Ferguson, must. Jan. 5, 1863 ; must, out June 29,
1865.
George W. Haynes, must. Feb. 5, 1864; must, out June 29,
1865.
William Warrell, must. Jan. 3, 1863 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
John Winsell, must. Jan. 24, 1864 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Joseph D. McGuffin, must. Ang. 13, 1863; must, out June 29,
1S65.
Jnmes Atherton, must. Feb. 13, 1864 : must, out June 29, 1865.
George Birner, must. Jan. 5, 1865 ; must, out June 29, 1865.
Seventy-ninth Regiment. — Tlie Seventy-ninth
Regiment was organized at Indianapolis during Au-
gust, 1862 ; was mustered in for three years Septem-
ber 2d, with Frederick Knefler as colonel, and imme-
diately ordered to Louisville, to help protect that city
against Bragg, and was there assigned to Buell's
army, being in the First Brigade, Third Division,
Twenty-first Army Corps. Leaving Louisville Octo-
ber 1st, to join in pursuit, it was present in reserve
at the battle of Perryville, and at Crab Orchard,
where one was killed and two wounded. Then to
Losan's Cro.ss-Roads, Gallatin, Tenn., and across the
Cumberland River into camp at Nashville. It par-
ticipated in the battle of Stone River, being changed
on the 2d of January, 1863, during the battle, from
the right to the left wing. Afterwards it marched
to Murfreesborough, here going into camp and remain-
362
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ing until June 24lh, when it left and went to Tulla-
homa ; then to Manchester, McMinnville, and Pike-
ville. On the 1st of September it moved toward
Chattanooga, crossing the Tennessee River at Bridge-
port on the 6th, Lookout Mountain on the 9th, going
through Rossville and Ringgold to Lee and Gordon's
Mills. On the 13th was a heavy skirmish, and on
the 19th and 20th the battle of Chickamauga, where
one was killed, forty wounded, and thirteen missing,
and where the First Virginia Battery of Longstreet's
corps was captured. It then fell back with the army
to Chattanooga.
Upon reorganization the Seventy-ninth was as-
signed to the Third Brigade, Third Division, Fourth
Army Corps. On the 23d of November the regi-
ment was iti the movement against Bragg, when the
celebrated battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge occurred. During this time the Eighty-sixth
Indiana Regiment was attached to the Seventy-ninth,
under Col. Knefler, and this consolidated force led
the column which stormed and captured Mission
Ridge, being the tirst to plant the colors on the
enemy's works, and captured eleven pieces of artillery
and several hundred prisoners, its loss being small.
It took part in the movement which began on the
27th towards Knoxville, to relieve Gen. Burnside,
arriving there on the Gtb of December.
During the following four months they remained
in East Tennessee, suffering much from exposure and
want of supplies, and participating in many minor
expeditious, those at Strawberry Plains, New Market,
Mossy Creek, Clinch Valley, a cavalry expedition to
Thornhill, and others. In April, 1864, they had ten
days' rest at Chattanooga, the first in ten months.
On the 3d of May the regiment marched to Ca-
toosa Springs, Ga., thence to Tunnel Hill and Rocky-
face Ridge, Dalton and Resaca, where it was present
in the reserve. It then proceeded, with continual
skirmishing, to Calhoun, Adairsville, Kingston, and
Cassville, crossing the Etowah River on the 23d.
There then came the battles of New Hope Church,
Pickett's Mills, Pine-Top Mountain, Lost Mountain,
and Kenesaw Mountain, where it took part in the
heavy skirmishing before the evacuation. It then
marched to Marietta and the Chattahoochie River,
crossing on the 14th of July. This regiment was
the first to cross Peach-Tree Creek, capturing the
works and many prisoners. It was present and on
active duty at the siege of Atlanta, from July 22d to
August 24th, when it moved to the south and en-
gaged in the actions at Jonesborougli and Lovejoy's
Station, September 1st and 2d. The regiment then
marched toward Atlanta, reaching there on the 7th,
and remained until October 3d, when it went in pur-
suit of Gen. Hood, and continued until it reached
Gaylesville, Ala., and the lines of the Coosa River,
when the Fourth Corps was sent to Nashville, going
through Chattanooga, Athens, Ala., Pulaski, Tenn.,
where it arrived November 1st, and then fell back to
Columbia, Springfield, and Franklin, at which battle
it was in the reserve. The regiment arrived at Nash-
ville December 1st, and during the battle captured
nine guns and assisted the storming of Overton
Hill, afterwards pursuing through Brentwood, Frank-
lin, Spring Hill, Columbia, Pulaski, to Huntsville,
Ala., arriving Jan. 6, 1865, and remaining until
March 17th, when it went by rail to East Tennessee,
to help in the advance on Richmond ; arrived at Mor-
ristown, marched through Bull's Gap and Greenville to
Jonesborough, when further movements were arrested
by the surrender of Richmond. It then returned to
Nashville, arriving April 26tli, remained till June
5th, and then started home, reaching Indianapolis
June 7th, and was discharged on the 11th. This
regiment during its term of service was constantly
in the field, never having performed garrison duty,
and is credited with the capture of eighteen guns
and over one thousand prisoners.
Original enlistments for three years from Marion
County :
Colonel.
Frederick Knefler, com. Aug. 27, 1862; brev. brig.-gen. ; must,
out with regt.
LlentenaM-Colouel.
George W. Parker, com. Aug. 25, 186-t; must, out with regt.
Majors.
Elliott George Wallace, com. Jan. 26, 1863; dismissed as capt.
by court-martial May 13, 1863.
George W. Parker, com. Oct. 14, 1S63; pro. lieut.-col.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
363
Adjittaiits.
Thompson Dunn, com. May 9, 1S64 ; killed in battle at Love-
jov's Station Sept. 2, 1864.
Leander W. Munhall, com. Sept. .3, 1S64; must, out with regt.
Quartermaeter.
Jacob H. Colclazier, com. April 24, 1S63; must, out with regt.
Chaplain.
Love H. Jameson, com. Dec. 6, 1862; res. April 30, 1864.
Anst'stant Surf/eon,
John H. Tilford, com. Aug. 27, 1862; must, out with regt.
Company A.
Captains.
Elliott a. Wallace, com. July 30, 1862; pro. maj.
William A. Abbott, com. Aug. 2, 1863; must, out and hou.
disch. June 7, 1SB5.
Firet Lieutenants.
John R. Colton, com. July 30, 1862; res. Jan. 30, 1863.
William X. Abbott, com. Jan. 31, 1863; pro. capt.
Frank H. Butterfield, com. Aug. 2, 1863; declined.
William H. Hagerhorst, com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenant.
George G. Earl, com. Jan. 31, 1863; pro. capt. Co. G.
Company B.
Captain.
William V. Burns, com. Aug. 26, 1864; must, out and hon.
disch. May 15, 1865; cause, service no longer required
and disability.
First lieutenants.
William V. Burns, com. Jan. 20, 1863; revoked; recom. 1st
lieut, June 21, 1863; pro. capt.
Arthur St. Clair Vance, com. Jan. 29, 1863; res. June 20, 1863.
Henry .Magsam, com. March 1, 1865; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenants.
Arthur St. C, Vance, com. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
William V. Burns, com. Jan. 29, 1863; pro. 1st lieut.
Simeon J. Thompson, com. June 21, 1863; disch. before must.
Company C.
Captains.
John G. Waters, com. Aug. 19, 1862; res. Feb. 1, 1863.
Benjamin Valliquctte, com. Fob. 2, 1863; hon. disch. Nov. 18,
1863.
First Lieutenants,
Benjamin Valliquette, com. Aug. 19, 1862; pro. capt.
William S. Cardell, com. Feb. 2, 1863 ; pro. capt. Co. H.
Charles T. Many, com. March 1, 1S65; must, out with rogt.
Second Lieutenants.
William S. Cardell, com. Aug. 19, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Edwin M. Byrkit, com. Feb. 2, 1863; pro. capt. Co. I.
Company D.
Captains.
James M. Buchanan, com. Aug. 20, 1862; hon. disch. Feb. 5,
1864.
John T. \ewland, com. Feb. 6, 1864: must, out with regt.
First Lieutenants.
John T. Newland, com. Aug. 20, 1862 ; pro. capt.
Ezra Buchanan, com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenants.
John S. McDaniel, com. Aug. 20, 1862; died at Nashville,
Tenn., Dec. 26, 1862.
George Harris, com. Feb. 22, 1863 ; must, out with regt.
Company E.
First lieutenant.
John W. Gosney, com. July 1, 1864; must, out with regt.
Company F.
Captains.
Andrew W. Faqua, com. Aug. 2.3, 1862 ; res. Dec. 20, 1862.
James P. Catterson, com. Dec. 21, 1862; res. March 22, 1864.
Isaac W. Stubbs, com. March 23, 1864; must, out with regt.
First Lieutenants.
John B. Johnson, com. Aug. 23, 1862; res. Nov. 16, 1862.
James P. Catterson, com. Nov. 17, 1862; pro. capt,
Isaac W. Stubbs, com. Dec. 21, 1S62; pro. capt.
William J. Carter, com. March 23, 1S62; hon. disch. Oct. 14,
1864.
John B. W. P.xrker, com. March 1, 1865; must, out with regt.
Second Lieutenants.
James P. Catterson, com. Aug. 2.3, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
Richard E. Perrott, com. Jan. 5, 1863; res. Sept. 2, 1863.
CosrPANY G.
Captains.
George W. Parker, com. Aug. 23, 1862; pro. maj.
William H. H. Sheets, com. Oct. 14, 1863 ; declined.
George 6. Earl, com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
First Lieutenants.
William H. H. Sheets, com. Aug. 21, 1862; pro. capt. ; must.
out with regt.
George W. Clark, com. Oct. 14, 1863 ; wounded and died as 2d
lieut. Sept. 29, 1863.
Second Lieutenants.
James Comstock, com. Aug. 23, 1862; res. Sept. 24, 1862.
George W. Clark, com. Nov. 25, 18C2; pro. 1st lieut.
364
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Company H.
Captains.
John L. Hanna, com. March 22, 1863 ; res. Nov. 17, 186i.
William S. Cardel], com. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with regt.
First LieKtcnant.
William P. Mounts, com. Nov. 2."!, 1862: dishon. dismissed Deo.
15, 1864.
Second Lieutenant.
Thompson Dunn, com. June 24, 1864; pro. adjt.
Company I.
Captain.
Edwin M. Bj-rkit, com. March 1, 1865; must, out with regt.
Company K.
First Lieutenant.
Edgar J. Foster, com. Nov. 13, 1862; res. Feb. 22, 1864.
Henry J. Brattain, com. March 13, 1865; must, out with regt.
Enlisted Mkn, Company A.
First Sergeant.
Francis M. Severance, must. July IS, 1SG2; must, out June 7,
1865, as private.
Sergeants.
Edgar J. Foster, must. July 28, 1862; pro. 1st licut. Co. K.
William A. Abbott, must. July 18, 1862; pro. Ist lieut.
Francis H. Butterfield, must. July 23, 1862; pro. lieut. 5th
V. S. Colored Troops.
Henry C. Earnest, must. .Tuly 20, 1862; must, out June 7, 1SG6,
as private.
Corporais.
Arthur Rhouette, must. July 2.3, 1862; disch. Jan. 27, 1863.
Adam Hereth, must. July 18, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
William B. Lewis, must. July 23, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865,
as sergt.
Julius Young, must. July IS, 1S62 ; must, out June 7, 1865.
Herman Franer, piust. July 18. 1SG2: disch. Feb. 2, 1865, for
wounds.
Adolph J. Many, must. July 18, 1S62; must, out June 7, 1865,
as sergt. i
William J. Brattain, must. July 18, 1862; trans, to Engineer |
Corps July 20, 1864.
Wagoner.
Morris Sullivan, must. July 20, 1862; disch. March 11, 1863.
Privates. !
Thomas Arnold, must. Aug, 5, 1SC2; died Jan. 7, 1863, of
wounds.
Frederick Barton, Cumberland, must. Aug. 16, 1S62; disch. May
21, 1S65, for wounds.
Philip Boebm, must. Aug. 10, 1862; died iu Andersonville
prison Aug. 14, 1864.
Henry Bredemeyer, must. Aug. 16, 1862 ; died at Georgetown,
Tenn., Dee. 30, 1S63.
Daniel Brenran, must. Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out May 13, 1865.
Patrick Brennan, must. July 20, 1862; must, out Oct. 13, 1865.
William Bailey, must. July 26, 1S62; died Oct. 20, 1862, of
wounds.
William Cerr, must. July 24, 1862; disch. March 26, 1S63, for
wounds.
Francis M. Christian, must. July 24, 1862; disch. Dec, 1862.
Benjamin Criglor, must. July 26, 1862; killed at Stone River
Jan. 2, 1863.
Samuel Dalzcll, must. July 26, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
John Devine, must. July 24, 1862; must, out June 7, 1SG5.
John B. Ducker, must. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Nashville Sept.
30, 1863.
George G. Earl, must. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Samuel B. Gaylord, must. Aug. 9, 1862; died Jan. 7, 1863, of
wounds.
Henry Grabhorn, must. July 30, 1862; disch. March 17, 1863.
August Grcgoric, must. .\ug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865,
as Corp.
Timothy Haley, must. Aug. 12, 1862; died at Murfreesborough
Aug. 20, 1863.
Rufus Harper, must. July 26, 1862; missing at Chiokamauga
Sept. 19, 1863.
John Uause, must. July 29, 1862; disch. June 23, 1863.
James F. Hawthorn, must. July 18, 1862; must, out June
7, 1865.
Robert C. Heitzer, must. .Tuly 26, 1862; must, out June 7,
1SG5, as Corp.
William Ilincslcy, must. July 21, 1862; must, out June 7, 1S05.
Benjamin Jameson, must. Aug. 16, 1862; trans, to V. R. C.
Nov. 1, 1S63.
Charles D. Joslin, must. July IS, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865,
as corp.
Sebastian Knodle, must. July 23, 1862; died at Nashville Deo.
21, 1S62.
Philip Kuhn, must. Aug. 9, 1882; must, out June 7, 1865.
Aaron Lawson, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June 7, 1865.
James F. Lawson, must. Aug. 26, 1862; killed at Dallas, Ga.,
May 27, 1864.
Thomas S. Lawson, must. July 22, 1862; trans, to V. R. C.
July 15, 1863, on account of wounds.
John S. Lawson, must. Aug. 26, 1862; disch. Dec. 15, 1S63.
Elijah Long, must. July 28, 1862; disch. April 7, 1863.
Daniel Mann, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Jacob Medeker, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
William P. Moore, must. Aug. 1, 1862; disch. April 9, 1863,
for wounds.
Alonzo McNeal, must. July 20, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
John H. Nelson, must. July 22, 1862; died June 3, 1863, of
wounds.
Patrick O'Connell, must. July 20, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Michael O'Connell, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
David Pearson, must. July 26, 1862; died at New Albany May
8, 1863.
MARION COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
365
Jonas 0. Pearson, must. Aug. 5, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 8, 1862.
John M. Pettitt, must. July 30, 1862; died June 20, 1863, of
wounds.
Jesse S. Pointer, must. .\ug. 5, 1862; disch. March J, 1865, for
wounds.
James A. Pressley, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865, as Corp.
Frederick Ratfert, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. Dec. 1, 1862.
John Reister, must. July 20, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Emil Renard, must. July 22, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Robert Ross, must. July 18, 1862; disch. Feb. 3, 1863.
Philip Seyford, must. July 24, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
George Slimmaon, must. July 18, 1862; discb. Dec. 3, 1863,
for wounds.
Wellington Watts, must. July 21, 1862; trans, to Engineer
Corps July 20, 1864.
William Werzner, must. July 26, 1862 ; must, out June 7, 1865.
Charles Wortman, must. Aug. 6, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
George Williams, must. Aug. 11, 1862; died at Louisville
April, 1864.
EsLisTED Mew, Cosiimxv C.
First Sergeant.
Edwin M, Byrkit, must. Aug. 15, 1862; pro. 2d lieut.
Ser.jrantH.
Charles J. Many, must. Aug. 19, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Charles Anderson, must. Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 7,
1865, as private.
Joseph Kline, must. Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out June 7, 1865,
as sergt.-maj.
John W. Warner, must. Aug, 15, 1862; killed at Atlanta July
21, 1864.
Corporah.
John L. Monroe, must. Aug. 25, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
Lcander W. Munhall, must. Aug. 15, 1S62; pro. adjt.
William R. Sullivan, must. Aug. 15, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res.
Corps Sept. 1, 1863.
Theodore R. Bryant, must. Aug. 9. 1862; must, out July 7,
1865.
Henry Anderson, must. Aug. 10, 1862; disch. Jan. 21, 1863.
Mmiciam.
George Frankenstein, must. .^ug. 21, 1862; disch. Dec. 15,
1862.
John W. llartpence, must. Aug. 13, 1862; disch. July 26,
1864.
Wi
Oliver F. Long, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865,
as q,m.-sergt.
Primteii.
John Anderson, must. Aug, 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
William Amos, must. Aug. 13, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Edmond C. Boaz, must. Aug. 11, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865,
as 1st scrgt.
Seth W. Bardwell, must. Aug. 15, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
Candy Burns, must. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. March 26, 1863.
Albert A. Chester, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865, as sergt.
David W. Davis, must. Aug. 13, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Henry Eaton, must. Aug. 13, 1862; trans, to 18th U. S. Inf.
Dec. 22, 1862.
James E. Foudr.ay, must. Aug. 15, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
Thomas Green, must. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. April 21, 1863.
William M. Hall, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. March 2, 1863,
as 1st sergt.
Andrew Hoover, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. April 18, 1863.
William Haggart, must. Aug. 15, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865, as Corp.
William Jacobs, must. Aug. 22, 1862 ; accidentally shot at
Murfreesborough June 13, 1 863.
Benjamin Lester, must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; must, out June 7,
1865.
Newton Munsell, must. Aug. 20, 1862 ; disch. April 9, 1863.
Henry A. Mittay, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865, as sergt.
Horace Marple, must. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. Feb. 7, 1863.
Fleming B. Martin, must, Aug. 19, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
James Montgomery, must. Aug. 20, 1862 ; died at Louisville
Deo. 20, 1862.
Williamson B. Martin, must. Aug. 22, 1862 ; must, out June
7, 1865.
Edward F. Merryman, must. Aug. 25, 1862; must, out June
7, 1865.
Johnson S. Poppline, must. Aug. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res.
Corps June 27, 1865.
Robert Rochester, must. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. April 20, 1863.
John Ryan, must. Aug. 14, 1862 ; killed at Kenesaw June 8,
1864.
Henry Stumpf, must. Aug. 15, 1862: died at Murfreesborough
March 5, 1864.
James Welsh, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 26, 1863.
E.\LiSTED Men, Comp.inv F.
First Serrjennt.
Benjamin F. Riley, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 18, 1862.
Sergeant.
Edward P. Thoma.s, must. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Nashville
Dec. 18, 1862.
Cori,f,raU.
John J. Murdock, must. Aug. 7, 1862 : must, out June 7, 1865,
as private,
Samuel Redman, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Jan. 19, 1863.
Charles Hayes, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Feb. 6, 1863.
John E. Ale.tander, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Jan. 30, 1863.
366
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
William S. Robinson, must. Aug. 7, 1862: disoh. Feb. 10, 1863.
Caleb Thomas, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Pr:v((les.
Taylor Arnold, must. Aug. 12, 1S62; must, out June 7, 1865.
Nathan Brooks, must. Aug. 12, 1862; trans, to V. R. C. Aug. 1,
ise.s.
Jeremiiih M. Buckley, must. Aug. 12,1862; disch. May 1.3,
1863.
John Bloomfelter, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
James Bailey, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, I860, as
1st sergt.
Thomas Bairnworth, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. Jan. 29, 1863.
William J. Carter, must. Aug. 12, 1862; pro. 1st lieut.
William S. Chanplain, must. Aug. 12, 1862; died at Louisville,
Ky., Sept. 28, 1862.
James A. Clements, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
John Decker, must. Aug. 7, 1862: must, out June 7, 1865, as
Corp.
Lafayette Doughty, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Sept. 14, 1863.
Severe Doughty, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Feb. 11, 1863.
Teterick Eck, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
John F. Edgington, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. Feb. 28,1863.
James Fort, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; killed at Kenesaw, Ga , June
18, 1864.
William H. Francis, Bridgeport, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must.
out June 7, 1865.
Daniel Fink, must. Aug. 7, 1862; trans, to V. R. C. May 28,
1864.
Edward Gordon, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Thomas Garvey, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Joseph Holderman, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Uriah M. Holmes, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. March 8, 1863.
Adam Hiss, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865, as
Corp.
Henry James, must. Aug. 12, 1862; died at Xashville Dec. 26,
1862.
John W. James, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1S65,
as Corp.
Joseph Ketrow, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
George W. Ketrow, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
Edward Kocker, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. April 12, 1863.
Robert Lynn, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June 7, 1865.
John Lynn, must. Aug. 7, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Samuel Long, must. Aug. 12, 1862; trans, to 1st TJ. S. Engi-
neers Aug. 15, 1864.
Joshua M. W. Langsdale, must. Aug. 7, 1862 ; must, out June
7, 1865, as sergt.
John Middough, must. Aug. 12, 1862; died at Seottsville, Ky.,
Nov. 16, 1S62.
Tobias Maddox, must. Aug. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 7, 1865.
Robert Potter, must. Aug. 7, 1862; killed at Stone River Jan,
2, 1863.
Jeremiah Probus, must. Aug, 12, 1862; died at Knoxville Jan.
16, 1864.
Reuben Randolph, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
David A. Randolph, must. Aug. 12, 1862; died Aug. 4, 1864,
of wounds received at Marietta.
Harmon Stout, must. Aug. 7, 1862; disoh. Aug. 31, 1863.
Joseph B. Stewart, must. Aug. 7, 1862; trans, to Co. C.
Isaac AV. Stubbs, must. Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut.
Samuel T. Scott, must. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. March 1, 1863.
Christopher Southern, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7,
1865.
John Shafer, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865, as
com. -sergt.
John J. Stormer, must. Aug. 7, 1862: must, out June 7, 1R65,
as Corp.
Benjamin Vanblaricum, must. Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. May 5,
1863.
Frank Walz, must. Aug. 12, 1862; trans, to V. R. C. : must.
out June 7, 1865.
Stephen Ward, must. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 7, 1865.
Joseph Ward, must. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Chattanooga Sept.
19, 1862.
CHAPTER XV.
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITU-
TIONS OF INDIANAPOLIS.
The Masons. — When the middle-aged men of this
generation were little boys the brightest days of the
year were the Fourth of July, when the Sunday-
schools paraded, and a day in May — no fixed day
probably — when the Freemasons a.ssembled at the
annual meeting of the Grand Lodge made a public
demonstration, of which a street procession was the
chief feature. The Masons — always given their full
name, " Freemasons," and only abbreviated in the
more practical days of the railroad era — made a pecu-
liarly attractive show. There was a delightful mys-
tery through the whole line, from the men with white
aprons who held black sticks crossed at the top, to
the chaplain with an open Bible before him, on to the
gorgeously gilt aprons and scarfs of the Royal Arch
and higher degrees. The squares and compasses on
the aprons of .some, the columns on those of others,
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
367
the mysterious open eye on others, were strange enough
to interest intelligent boys, and they followed the
ranks from Hubbard's Block or Norwood's Block (Clay-
pool's now), in all their stately marches, with a stronger
interest than they did the cage-carriages of a menage-
rie or the spangled riders of a circus. These displays
began here probably when it was decided to hold the
annual communications permanently here, in 1833 or
within two or three years later. Previously these
annual meetings had been held in various towns as
the Grand Lodge pleased, sometimes here, and some-
times in Corydon, Madison, Jeffersonville, Salem,
Vincennes, or New Albany. These parades were
made there, and maintained here till after the com-
pletion of the Grand Masonic Hall in 1850. But
like the Sunday-school processions and other displays
for mere show with no practical aim, they fell into
disuse and disappeared as the steam clouds of railroad
engines thickened, and the roar of factories and traffic
drowned the music of their bands. They are seen
now only in the fraternal duty they discharge at the
funerals of brethren, or some rare civic demonstration.
The Grand Lodge of Indiana was formed at
Madison on the 12th of January, 1818. Alexander
A. Meek, the oldest Past Master present, presided.
On the following day an election of officers was held
and the first Grand Master of Indiana was elected,
Alexander Buckner. The following is the official
list of officers for the portion of the year remaining
till the regular election in September, furnished for
this work by the kindness of the Grand Secretary,
with the list of those selected for the first full term:
January, 1818 : M. W. Alexander Buckner, G. M. ;
R. W. Alexander A. Meek, Dep. G. M. ; R. W.
John Tipton, Sen. G. W. ; R. W. Benjamin V.
Becker, J. G. W. ; R. W. Samuel C. Tate, G. Treas. ;
R. W. Henry P. Thornton, G. Sec. ; W. Jeremiah
Sullivan, G. 0. ; W. Isaac Howk, Sen. G. D. ; W.
Jonathan 'Woodbury, J. G. D. ; W. Nicholas D.
Grover, G. P. ; Brother Alexander MeCrosky, G. S.
and Tyler.
September, 1818 : M. W. Alexander A. Meek,
G. M. ; R. W. Davis Floyd, Dep. G. M. ; R. W. John
Tipton, Sen. G. W. ; R. W. Thomas Douglas, J. G.
W. ; R. W. Henry L. Miner, G. Treas. ; R. W. Isaac
Howk, G. Sec. ; "W. "William Stephens, G. Chapl. ;
W. Jeremiah Sullivan, G. O. ; W. Richard C. Tal-
bott, G. M. ; W. Nicholas D. Grover, Sen. G. D. ;
W. John Weathers, J. G. D. ; "W. Abel C. Pepper,
G. S. B. ; W. Alexander MeCrosky, G. P. ; Brother
George Leas, G. S. and Tyler.
The following complete roll of the Grand Masters
of the order since the first organization of the Grand
Lodge will be of interest to very many more than the
members :
GRAND MASTERS.l
»Alexander Buoknev, .Tanuary 1818
"■'Alexander A. Meek, .September lSlS-19
«-John Tipton 1820
*John Sheets 1821-22
■•'■Jonathan Jennings 1823-24
■»Marston G. Clark 1825
»Isaac Howk 1826
*Elihu Stout 1827
•^•John Tipton, Logansport.' 1828
■SAbel C. Pepper, Rising Sun 1829
-sphillip Mason, Connersville 1830
"■■William Sheets, Madison 1831
■5'Woodbridge Parker, Salem 1832
sPhillip Mason, Connersville 1833
^Daniel Kelso, York 1834
■»John B. Martin, Vincennes 1835
■■■■James L. Hogin, Indianapolis 1836
»CaIeb B. Smith, Connersville 1837
•sPhillip Mason, Connersville 1838-44
■"^■Isaac Bartlett, Logansport 1845
«Johnson Watts, Dearborn County 1846
■SElizur Deming, Lafayette 1847-50
Alexander C. Doivney, Rising Sun 1851-52
■■:-'IIenry C. Lawrence, Lafayette 1853-54
Alexander C. Downey, Rising Sun 1855-56
"'Solomon D. Bayliss, Fort Wayne 1857-58
Alexander C. Downey, Rising Sun 1859-60
Thomas R. Austin, New Albany 1861
■»John B. Fravel, Laporte 1S62
William Hacker, Shelbyville 186.3-64
■•■■Harvey G. Hazelrigg, Lebanon 1865-67
Martin H. Rice, Plymouth : 1868-71
Christian Fetta, Richmond 1872-73
Lucian A. Foote, Crawfordsville 1874
Daniel McDonald, Plymouth 1875
Frank S. Devol, New Albany 1S76
Andrew J. Hay, Charlestown 1877
Robert Van V.alzah, Terre Haute 1878
Bellamy S. Sutton, Shelbyville 1S79
Calvin W. Prather, Jeffersonville 1880-81
Bruce Carr, Bedford 1882
GRAND SECRETARIES OF THE GRAND LODGE OF INDIANA.
•SR. ^Y. Davis Floyd, Secretary of the
Convention 1S17
■»R. W. Henry P. Thornton, January to
September 1818
1 Those marked with a ■- are dead.
2 Previously the residence is not given.
368
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
*R. W. Isaac Howk 1818-19
*R. W. William C. Keene 1819-26
»R. W. James F. D. Lanier 1826-30
«R. W. Austin W. Morris 1830-35, 1839-52
«R. W.Daniel Kelso 1835-36
«R. W. A. W. Harrison 1836-38
»R. W. Charles Fisher 1838-39
»R. W. William H.Martin 1841-42
«R. W. Francis King 1852-65
R.W.William Hacker 1865-68
R. W. John M. Bramwell 1868-78
R. W. William H. Smjthe 1878-
An account of the Grand Lodge Hall and its re-
construction will be found in the chapter on " Public
Buildings, Halls," etc.
The first subordinate lod-^e organized in Indian-
apolis was " Centre." A dispensation for this body
was issued March 27, 1822, to Harvey Gregg, the
first Master, Milo R. Davis, the first Senior Warden,
and John T. Osborn, the first Junior Warden. A
charter followed, on the 7th of October, 1822, with
Harvey Gregg as first Master, Hervey Bates as first
Senior Warden, and John T. 0.sborD as first Junior
Warden. In 1834 this charter was surrendered and
a new one granted Dec. 17, 1835. The whole num-
ber of Affiliated Master Masons in the city is about
eleven hundred, according to the statement of Grand
Secretary Smythe.
Centre Lodge, No. 23, chartered finally Dec.
17, 1835: James L. Hogin, W. M.; John Foster,
S. W. ; John Williams, J. W. Present officers:
John J. Huffer, W. M. ; John Schley, S. W. ; E.
D. Marshall, J. W.
Marion Lodge, No. 35, chartered May 28,
1847. First officers: John Evans, W. M. ; John
Greer, S. W. ; T. Bradley, J. W. Present officers : !
William H. Shirt, W. M.; George H. Emery, S.
W. ; Charles H. Abbett, J. W.
Capital City Lodge, No. 312, chartered May
24, 1865. First officers: Aaron D. Orr, W. M. ;
Joseph F. Trowbridge, S. W. ; Jacob King, J. W.
Present officers: Howard Hcaren, M. W. ; Thomas
G. SpaflFord, S. W. ; John A. Buchanan, J. W. j
Ancient Landmarks Lodge, No. 319, chartered ,
May 24, 1865. First officers : John Love, W. M. ; \
James W. Hess, S. W. ; Edmund Clark, J. W.
Present officers: William S. Rich, W. M. ; Hugh
O. McVey, S. W. ; William H. Meier, J. W. \
Mystic Tie Lodge, No. 398, chartered May 25,
1869. First officers: John Caven, W. M. ; George
B. Engle, S. W'. ; Joseph W. Smith, J. W. Pres-
ent officers : Charles B. Wanamaker, W. M. ; Prank
H. Carter, S. W. ; Chester Bradford, J. W.
Oriental Lodge, No. 500, chartered May 25,
1875. Charles P. Jacobs, W. M. ; Daniel W.
Howe, S. W. ; Joseph A. Humphreys, J. W. Pres-
ent officers: Thomas L. Sullivan, W. M. ; Rice T.
Bates, S. W. ; and Charles H. Arndt, J. W.
Pbntalpha Lodge, No. 564, chartered May 24,
1882. First officers: Martin H. Rice, W. M. ; Ed-
ward H. Wolfe, S. W. ; Adolph Seidensticker, J. W.
Present officers : Martin H. Rice, W. M. ; Jacob
M. Bruner, S. W. ; Samuel A. Johnson, J. W.
The symbol of the " Pentalpha" is the five-pointed
star, composed of three triangles, the significance of
which is thus explained by the official publication :
" Pentalpha, the name of this lodge, is the triple
triangle, or the pentalpha of Pythagoras, and is so
called from jjcyt/e, five, and (iIjjIki, the letter A, be-
cause in its configuration it presents the form of that
letter in five different positions. The mediseval
Masons considered it a symbol of deep wisdom, and
it is found among the architectural ornaments of
most of the ecclesiastical edifices of the Middle Ages.
As a Masonic symbol it peculiarly claims attention
from the fact that it forms the outlines of the five-
pointed star, which is typical of the bond of brotherly
love that unites the whole fraternity. It is in this
view that the pentalpha, or triple triangle, is referred
to in Masonic symbolism as representing the intimate
union which existed between our three ancient
Grand Masters, and which is commemorated by the
living pentalpha at the closing of every Royal Arch
Chapter."
Qoeen Esther Chapter, No. 3, Order of
Eastern Star. Mrs. Mary E. Ten Eyck, W. M. ;
Miss Mary E. Engle, Secretary.
Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Indiana was
organized in 1845, and held its thirty-eighth annual
convocation in the Grand Masonic Temple, Oct. 17,
1883, A.I. 2413. The present grand officers are:
M. E. Robert Van Valzah, of Terrc Haute, G. H.
P. ; R. E. Benjamin F. Dawson, of Angola, Dep.
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
3H9
G. H. P. ; R E. Mortimer Nye, of La Porte, G. K. ;
R. E. Christian Fetta, of Richmond, G. S. ; R. E.
Charles Fisher, of Indianapolis, G. Treas. ; R. E.
John M. Bramwell, of Indianapolis, G. Sec. ; E. Ed-
ward P. Whallon, of Vincennes, G. Chapl. ; E. Cal-
vin W. Prather, of Jeffersonville, G. C. of H. ; E.
William M. Blakey, of Evansville, G. R. A. C.
Comp. William M. Blac-k, of Indianapolis, G. G.
M. E. William Hacker, of Shelbyville, C. of W.
M. E. Thomas B. Long, of Terre Haute, Chairman
Committee on Correspondence.
Grand Council of Roy.vl and Select Ma-
sons of Indiana was organized in 1855, and held
its twenty-eighth annual convocation in the Masonic
Temple, Oct. 16, 1883, A.D. 2883. The present
grand officers are Comp. LaGrauge Severance, of Hunt-
ington, I. G. M. ; Comp. Thomas R. Austin, of Vin-
cennes, Dep. I. 6. M. ; Comp. Hezokiah R. Marlatt,
of Winchester, G. I. M. ; Comp. Augustus M. Sinks,
of Connorsville, G. P. C. of W. ; Comp. Charles
Fisher, of Indianapolis, G. Treas. ; Comp. John M.
Bramwell, of Indianapolis, G. R. ; Comp. Edward P.
Whallon, of Vincennes, G. Chapl. ; Comp. Henry
W. Mordhurst, of Fort Wayne, G. C. of G. ; Comp.
William M. Black, of Indianapolis, G. S. and S. ;
Comp. William Hacker, of Shelhyville, C. of W. ;
Comp. William W. Austin, of Richmond, Chairman
of Committee on Correspondence.
Grand Commandery of Indiana was organized
in 1854, and held its twenty-ninth annual conclave
in the Asylum of Raper Commandery, No. 1,
Knights Templar, in Masonic Temple, April 24,
1883, A.O. 765. Sir Richard L. Woolsey, of Jef-
fersonville, R. E. G. C. ; Sir Walter Vail, of Mich-
igan City, V. B. Dep. G. C. ; Sir Henry C. Adams,
of Indianapolis, E. G. G. ; Sir Ephraim W. Patrick,
of Evansville, E. G. C. G. ; Sir James H. Ford, of
Logansport, E. G. P. ; Sir George W. P. Kirk, of
Shelbyville, E. G. S. W. ; Sir Reuben Peden, of
Knightstown, E. G. J. W. ; Sir Charles Fisher, of
Indianapolis, E. G. T. ; Sir John M. Bramwell, of
Indianapolis, E. G. R. ; Sir William A. Foote, of
South Bend, E. G. S. B. ; Sir Edgar H. Andress, of
Laftiyette, E. G. S. B. ; Sir Madison M. Hurley, of
New Albany, E. G. W. ; Sir William M. Black, of
Indianapolis, G. C. of G. ; Sir William Hacker, of
Shelbyville, C. of W. ; Sir Nicholas R. Ruckle, of
Indianapolis, Chairman of Committee on Correspon-
dence.
Indianapolis Chapter of Royal Arch Masons,
No. 5, was chartered May 25, 1846. The present
officers are Herman Weinberger, H. P. ; William
Wiegel, K. ; Charles A. Morse, S. Membership, one
hundred and thirty.
Keystone Chapter, No. 6, of Royal Arch Ma-
sons, was organized under a dispensation Sept. 30,
1870, and chartered October 20th following. Present
officers : Jacob W. Smith, H. P. ; Christian Brink,
K. ; Ferdinand Christman, S. Membership, one
hundred and five.
Indianapolis Council, No. 2, of Royal and Se-
lect Masons, was organized under charter of Oct. 18,
1855. Present officers : Herman Weinberger, I. M. ;
Roger Parry, Dep. I. M. ; William Wiegel, P. C. of
W. Membership, one hundred and forty.
Raper Commandery, No. 1, op Knights Tem-
plar.— A sketch of the history of this notable body
by Grand Secretary Smythe appears in the Masonic
Advocate of last December, from which it appears
that the organization was made on the 17tli of May,
1848, at the residence of Governor Whitcomb (the
executive mansion, northwest corner of Illinois and
Market Streets), and took its name from Rev. Wil-
liam Raper, an eminent Methodist clergyman and
chief of the Reed Commandery, No. 6, of Dayton,
Ohio. He was for many years known in the West
as a lecturer on Masonry. Mr. Smythe adds: "He
was present at the organization of this, the first com-
mandery in Indiana, and assisted very materially in
laying the foundation ' deep, broad, and strong' upon
which the superstructure of Raper Commandery has
so firmly rested. A period of thirty-five years has
elapsed since that little band of Sir Knights, consist-
ing of Abel C. Pepper, James H. Pepper, James Stir-
rat, Caleb Schmidlap, Isaac Bartlett, Francis King,
B. T. Kavanaugh, Henry C. Laurence, Seth Beers,
William Hacker, William H. Raper, and Samuel
Reed (the latter two named being from Ohio), met
at the residence of Governor Whitcomb, where Raper
Commandery was organized under many difficulties."
370
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Since its organization four hundred and forty-five
Knights have held membership in this body, and the
present number is one hundred and seventy-six. The
drill of this comniandery, which has won it a national
distinction, was mainly the work of Col. N. R. Ruckle,
of the Indiana Eleventh Regiment, now P. G. C. of
the commandery. In the competitive drill at Cleve-
land in 1877 it took the second prize, a silver libation
set. At Chicago, in 1880, it took the first prize, a
fine sword set with diamonds. At San Francisco,
last year, it took the second prize, a mounted Knight
Templar in bronze, with gold armor and trappings set
on a column of gold-bearing quartz finely polished
and ornamented with emblematical figures and gems,
and wreathed with a vine of enameled work, the
whole costing over two thousand dollars.
The Scottish Rite A. and A. Masons receive
none but those who have attained the Master's degree
in the York Rite. The highest degree is the
thirty-third. The order is divided into four bodies, —
" Lodges of Perfection," " Councils of Princes of Je-
rusalem," '■ Chapters of Rose Croix, ' and •' Consisto-
ries of Princes of the Royal Secret." In February,
1864, the Supreme Council granted to Caleb B.
Smith, ex-Secretary of the Interior, and his associ-
ates, a dispensation to institute the first lodge of the
Scottish Rite A. and A. Masonry, and the Adon-
iram Grand Lodge of Perfection was thus organized.
The present members are Nicholas Ruckle, 33°, T.-.
P.-.G.-.M.; Jos. W. Smith, 33°, H.-.D.-.T.-.G.-.M.;
John T. Brush, V.-.S.-.G.-.W. ; Samuel A. Johnston,
Ven.-.J.-.G.-.W. ; John A. Holman, G.-.Orator;
Joseph Staub, G.-.Treas. ; Cortes F. Holliday, 33°,
G.-.Sec.-.K.'.of S. ; Jacob W. Smith, 33°, G.-.Mas.-.of
Ceremonies; J. Giles Smith, G.'.Capt.-.of the G. ;
Charles H. Reynolds, G. •.Hospitaller; Henry H.
McGaffey. G.'.Tiler. Trustees: Nicholas Ruckle,
33°, Piiineas G. C. Hunt, 33°, Austin H. Brown, 33°.
The Seraiah Council of Princes of Jerusa-
lem was instituted simultaneously with Adoniram
Lodge, and by the same men and the same authority.
The present oflBcers are Chas. E. Wright, 33°, M.-.E.-.
Sov.-.P.-.G.-.M. ; A. H. Brown, G.-.H.-.P.-.D.-.G.-.M ;
Geo. F. Branham, M.-.E.-.Sen.-.G.-.W. ; C. C. Adams,
M.-.E.-.Jun.-.G.-.W. ; Jos. Staub. Val -.G.-.Treas. ; Cor-
tes F. Holliday, 33°, Val.-.G.-.Sec.-.K.-.ofS.-.and A.;
Henry H. BIcGaffey, Val.- G.-.M.-.of C. ; C. F. Weyer,
Val. -.G.-. Almoner ; Charles L. Hutchinson, Val.. G.".
M.-.of E. ; Gilbert W. Davis, 33°, G.-.Tiler.
Indianapolis Chapter of the Rose Croix
was opened, under a dispensation granted to Theodore
P. Haughey and others, Nov. 2, 1864. The Indi-
ana Consistory was given a dispensation, through
Edwin A. Davis and others, Nov. 2, 1864. The
present ofiiccrs of both the Chapter and Consistory
are Byron K. Elliott, M.-.W.-.and P.-.M. ; Roscoe O.
Hawkins, M.-.E.-.and P.-.K.-.S.-.\V. ; Jno. A. Holman,
M.-.E.-.and P.-.K.-.J.-.W. ; Frisby S. Newcomer,
M.-.E.-.and P.-.K.-.G.-.O. ; Joseph Staub, R.-.and
P.-.K.-.Treas. ; Cortes F. Holliday, 33°, R.-.and
P.-.K.-.Sec. ; John B. Nickum, R.-.and P.-.K.-.H. ;
John A. Henry, R.-.and P.-.K.-.M.-.of C. ; J. Giles
Smith, R.-.and P.-.K.-.C.-.of G.
Indiana Sovereign Consistory, S.-.P.-.R.-.S.-.,
32°.— Nicholas R. Ruckle, 33°, L-.C.-.in C. ; Cyrus
J. Dobbs, I. -.First Lieut. -.Com. ; Pluiieas G. C.
Hunt, 33°, I.-. Second Lieut.-. Com. ; Samuel A. John-
ston, I.-.G.-.C; Cortes F. Holliday, 33°, I.-.G.-.Sec.-.
and K.-.of S. ; Joseph Staub, I.-. G.-.Treas. : Roscoe
0. Hawkins, I.-.G.-.E.-.and A.; Frederick Baggs,
L-.G.-.H.; Joseph W. Smith, 33°, L-.G.-.M.-.of C. ;
John T. Pressley, I.-.G.-.S.-.B. ; Charles L. Hutchin-
son, I.-.G.-.C.-.of G. ; George W. Ayers, I.-.G.-.S.
Acting members of the Supreme Council : Elbridge
G. Hamilton, 33°, John Caven, 33°, Thomas R.
Austin, 33° ; deputy for the district of Indiana, El-
bridge G. Hamilton. The roster of members con-
tains about six hundred names.
The building recently erected by the A. and A. Ma-
sons of the city is claimed by tiiem and generally con-
ceded by others to be the most complete Scottish Rite
temple in the United States or the world. The east
and south walls are one hundred and six feet high,
and command the best view of the city attainable
anywhere within its limits. The cost of fitting it up
was about fifty thousand dollars. The ground-floor
is rented for business houses, and the whole of the
upper space is used by the order. A recent descrip-
tion .says that on the west side are the secretary's
room, two parlors, and the library-room. These four
OKDERS, SOCTETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
371
rooms are each twenty-five feet square and en suite.
Of tlie library, donated by Mr. William Hacker, it
may be said that in intrinsic value as a Masonic
library it stands only second in the United States.
These rooms are all carpeted with velvet. The furni-
ture of the secretary's room and the library is walnut
and leather, and of the two parlors walnut and plush.
On the east side is the banquet-room, thirty-five by
fifty-nine feet, which by means of folding doors can be
thrown open, and with the other rooms on the floor
accommodate a great throng of people. Communi-
cating with the banquet-room is a large and admira-
bly-arranged kitchen and pantry.
On the third floor, which will be devoted to work
in the degrees leading to and including the fourteenth,
or Perfection degree, are the candidates' room and the
Perfection room. The first is nineteen by forty feet,
the furniture being walnut and plush ; the other is
twenty-five by thirty-eight feet in its auditorium,
with a stage twenty feet deep. Adjoining this are
scene-rooms, etc. On this floor, as on the others,
there are all conveniences, including numerous and
easy exits to the floor below.
The fourth and fifth stories, in wliieh will be con-
ducted the work of conferring the higher degrees,
roust be considered as forming one story. On the
west side is the grand auditorium-room forty by
eighty feet, including a stage thirty feet high. The
scene-room and amphitheatre on this floor is twenty-
two by fifty feet and twenty-seven feet high, and the
candidates' room is nineteen by forty feet. Around
three sides of the theatre ( for so it must be called) are
broad and capacious galleries that will seat over four
hundred and fifty persons, and the sunlight that de-
pends from the centre of the ceiling diffuses a beauti-
ful and brilliant light over the audience-room. This
room and the ceiling and galleries have been exquis-
itely frescoed.
that as it may, the Central and another were con-
solidated in 1872, and the former stands as the oldest
lodge of colored Masons in the city.
Central Lodge, No. 1. — Present officers: Joseph
Lewis, M. ; Albert G-. Farley, See.
Trinity Lodge, No. 18.— Present ofiioers : William
Harvey, M. ; William De Horney, Sec.
Waterford Lodge, No. 13. — Present officers:
Henry S. Seaton, M. ; William Lockett, Sec.
Membership of all the lodges, two hundred and
seventy-five.
Leah, Eastern Star Order. — Present officers :
Jessie Herron, Prest. ; Alice Green, Sec. Member-
ship, seventy-five.
Alplia Chapiter, No. 13. — Auder.son Lewis, H. P. ;
Charles W. Lewis, Rec. Membership, thirty-two.
Gefhsemane Commanderi/, No. 9. — John W.
Stewart, E. C. ; Henry Moore, Rec. Membership,
thirty.
The colored lodges all meet at 11. 5 J East Wash-
ington Street.
Masonic Mutual Benefit Society. — The ob-
ject of this association is to give assistance to the
families or dependents of deceased members. None
are admitted but Master Masons of this State in
good standing and good health at the time. There
are four classes and two divisions. Art. VI. of the
constitution thus defines the classes : first, from
twenty-one to thirty years of age ; second, from
thirty-one to forty ; third, from forty-one to forty-
seven ; fourth, from forty-eight to fifty-five. The
assessments are made on the deaths of members as
follows : first class pays one dollar ; second, one dol-
lar and ten cents ; third, one dollar and twenty-five
cents ; fourth, one dollar and eighty cents.
The benefits are thus defined in the constitution :
" Upon the death of a member the directors shall pay
to the beneficiary of the deceased member a sum equal
Colored Masons.— The Grand Lodge of colored i to seventy cents for every member of the society of the
Masons of Indiana was chartered by the National
Grand Lodge assembled at Cincinnati July 30, 1859.
The first Grand Master was John G. Britton. The
present is Charles Lancier. Of the present subordi-
nate lodges it is said that Central, No. 1, was at
first the Union, No. 1, organized in 1846; but be
first class at the time of his death ; seventy-five cents
for every member of the second class ; ninety-five
cents for every member of the third class ; and one
dollar and sixty cents for every member of the fourth
class. The payments are only for the divisions
of the society of which the deceased was a member;
372
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
but not more than twenty-five hundred dollars shall
be paid to beneficiaries of the first division, an'l not
more than fifteen hundred dollars to those of the sec-
ond division." Out of the assessments not required
to pay benefits and out of the admission fees of mem-
bers is made a permanent fund to make payments to
heirs before assessments are paid, to make up de-
ficiencies, and to pay expenses of management. The
number of members in the two divisions in 1883
was 9013, or in the first 4932, in the second 4081.
Deaths in the first, 55 ; in the second, 23 ; a total
of 78. Average percentage of deaths in thirteen
years, 10.92 ; percentage to one thousand members,
8 65. Increase of membership in the year ending
July 31, 1883, 4833, or 115 per cent. Amount of
benefits paid to 1st of January, 1884, «2,452,337.96.
The Odd-Fellows. Grand Lodge. — Though the
origin of tiie ."^lasouic order is mythical, and not made
clearer or more authentic by its authoritative expo-
sitions, that of Odd-Fellowship is as well ascertained
as the origin of the Temperance Union or the United
States government. From chance meetings of " good
fellows," who fancied the name " Odd-Fellows," at
taverns for convivial purposes in London, it advanced
first to permanent organization, and then to a moral
and benevolent association which stands fairly among
the most potent agencies for good in this world, at
least of those of human device. It was introduced
in this country by Thomas Wildey in 1819, who,
with four others, that year formed the Washing-
ton Lodge, No. 1, in Baltimore, and soon afterwards
obtained a charter from the Manchester Unity, the
central organization of England, for the Grand Lodge
of Maryland and the United States. The first lodge
in Indiana was organized in New Albany in October,
1835, the next in Madison in 1836. These two ob-
tained from the Grand Lodge of the United States
authority for a Grand Lodge of Indiana, Aug. 14,
1837, instituted by the Deputy Grand Commander
of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, Henry Wolford.
It was located at New Albany until 1841, when it
was removed to Madison. In September, 1845, the
Grand Lodge of the United States authorized a vote
of the subordinate lodges of the States to decide
whether another removal should not be made to In-
dianapolis. The decision was aflfirmative, and the
first session of the Grand Lodge was held here on the
19th of January, 1846, and represented twenty-seven
subordinate lodges and a total membership of seven
hundred and sixty-eight. The first grand officers
in 1837 were Joseph D. Barkley, Grand Master;
Richard D. Evans, Dep. G. M. ; Jared C. Jocelyn,
G. Sec. ; Henry H. West, G. W. ; John Evans, G.
Treas. The Grand Masters holding for one year have
been :'
Joseph D. Barkley 1837
SRichard D. Evans 1838
s AVilliam Ford 1 8.39
Christian Buehcr 1840
John Noal 1841
James W. Hinds 1S42
Noah H. Cobb 1843
William Cross 1844
»John H. Taylor 1845
* Joel B. McFarland 1846
John Green 1847
Phihmder B. Brown 1848
JobB.EldriJge 1849
Milton llerndon 1850
Oliver Dufour 1851
«■ Joseph L. Silcox 1852
»William K. Edwards 1853
«01iver P. Morton 1854
J. B. Anderson 1855
James H. Stewart 1856
•Pleasant A. Hackleman 1857
» A. H. Matthews 1858
Thomas Underwood 1859
3 Solomon Meredith 1860
William H. Di-wn 1861
Jonathan S. Harvey 1862
» Dennis Gregg 1863
Harvey D. Soott 1864
»Thomas B. MeCarty 1865
Joseph A. Funk 1866
John Sanders 1867
*DanieI L. Adams 1868
James A. Wildman 1869
Wm. H. DeWolf, Vincennes 1870
J. W. McQuiddy, New Albany 1871
Piatt J. Wise, Fort Wayne 1872
Richard Owen, New Harmony 1873
D. B. Shideler, Jonesborough 1874
J. B. Kimball, Kendallville 1875
Leonidas Sexton, Rushville 1876
Wm. R. Myers, Anderson 1877
Enoch Cox, Delphi 1878
D. W. La Follette, New Albany 1879
Will Camback, Greensburg 1880
N. P. Richmond, Kokomo 1881
S. P. Oyler, Franklin 1882
H. McCoy, Indianapolis 1883
The present Grand Lodge officers are H. McCoy,
' Those marked thus * are deceased.
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
373
G. M., Indianapolis ; John F. Wildman, D. G. M.,
Muncie ; J. B. Kenner, G. W., Huntington ; B. F.
Foster, G. S., Indianapolis ; Theo. P. Haughey, G.
Treas., Indianapolis ; N. P. Richmond, G. Rep. Sov.
G. Lodge, L 0. O. F., Kokomo ; S. P. Oyler, G.
Rep. S. G. Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., Franklin ; R. F.
Brewington, G. Chap., Knightstown ; A. C. Daily,
G. Marshal, Lebanon ; P. M. Martin, G. C, Gosport;
C. H. Haufler, G. G., Knightstown ; F. J. Clark, G.
H., Jonesborough.
The report of Grand Secretary Foster shows that
there are now six hundred and four lodges in the State,
with an aggregate contributing membership of twenty-
six thousand and seventeen. In the year ending last
November (1883) the number of brothers relieved
was seventeen hundred and eighteen ; of families, one
hundred and seventy ; amount paid for relief of
brothers, 831,052.95; for relief of widowed fam-
ilies, $3334.58 ; for educating orphans, $625.50 ;
for burying the dead, $8173.32; other charitable
purposes, $4084.51 ; total for charity and relief, $47,-
270.56.
In the year 1853 the Odd-Fellows began the work
of providing themselves with a suitable building for
Grand Lodge meetings and the use of subordinate
lodges and encampments. Subscriptions by lodges
and individuals to the amount of forty-five thousand
dollars were procured, and the northeast corner of
Pennsylvania and Washington Streets bought. On
this lot had stood the first carriage factory in the city,
and later the dry-goods store of Col. Russell and
William Conner (the Indian agent and guide), fol-
lowed by that of Smith & Hanna ; while along its
eastern line was the lot on which Luke Walpole had
one of the first stores in the place. The building
was planned by the late Francis Costigau, who built
the post-office and the Oriental House (now part of
the Grand HoteO, but finished by D. A. Bohlen, who
mounted an elongated and very pretty dome upon it.
The style of the structure was fanciful, but attractive,
and it is still counted one of the prettiest buildings
in the city. Some years ago it was reconstructed
and the dome taken ofi", but not otherwise greatly
changed. The entire cost of building and site was
sixty-two thousand dollars.
The Grand Encampment of Indiana was in-
stituted Jan. 10, 1847, by the late Jacob P. Chap-
man, by warrant from the Grand Lodge of the United
States. The following is the roll of the Past Grand
Patriarchs :
Christian Buohor 1S47
Thomas S. Wriglit 1848
Isaac Taylor 1849
Job Eldridge 1850
Jacob P. Chapman 1851
Daniel Moss 1852
Edward H. Barry 1853
Marshall Se.xton 1854
Lewis Humphreys 1855
J. S. Harvey 1856
Chris. Miller 1857
J. H. Stailey 1858
T. B. McCarty 1859
N. P. Howard 1860
L.M.Campbell 1861
David Ferguson 1862
Lconidas Sexton 1863
James Burgess 1864
F. J. Blair 1865
C. P. Tuley 1866
W. M. French 1867
W. C. Lupton 1868
James Pierce 1869
Thomas G. Beharrell 1870
W. Y. Monroe 1871
N. P. Richmond 1872
J. E. Barrett 1873
Reuben Robertson 1874
J. W. Smith 1875
John Morgan 1876
W.K.Edwards 1877
J. F. Wallick 1878
S. B. Halley 1879
R. Berger 1880
H. 0. Heichert 1881
W.H.Jacks 1882
Richard Berger 1883
The Grand Encampment now represents one hun-
dred and fifty-nine subordinate encampments, with
five thousand five hundred and seven contributing
members ; paid for relief of patriarchs, widowed fam-
ilies, burying the dead, and other charitable purposes,
five thousand one hundred and sixtj'-six dollars and
twent3'-two cents.
Subordinate Lodges of Indianapolis. —
Centre, No. 18, was instituted on the 24th of Decem-
ber, 1844, with the following members : William Sul-
livan, Edgar B. Hoyt, Jacob P. Chapman, William
A. Day, Enoch Pile, Jacob B. McChesney, and John
Kelly. William Sullivan was the first Noble Grand,
and the first representative to the Grand Lodge. The
present officers are Frank Matlock, N. G. ; W. W.
Knight, Sec. Contributing members, one hundred
and thirty-five.
Philoxenian Lodge (^Strangers' Friend), A'o. 44,
was instituted July 8, 1847, with the following mem-
bers: Harvey Brown, D. P. Hunt, Willis W. Wright,
John J. Owsley, William Robson, George D. Staats,
D. T. Powers, Lafayette Yandes, William Mansur.
The first officers were Harvey Brown, N. G. ; David
P. Hunt, V. G. ; Willis W. Wright, Sec. ; John J.
Owsley, Treas. The present officers are John Gustin,
374
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
N. G. ; Joseph S. Watson, Sec. Contributing mem-
bers, two hundred and eleven.
Capital LoJge, Xo. 124, was instituted Jan. 20
1853, with the following first officers : John Dunn
N. G. ; John Cottman, V. G. ; William Wallace, Rec,
Sec. ; George F. McGinnis, Treas. The present offi
cers are M. J. Laporte, N. G. ; W. A. McAdams
Sec. Contributing members, one hundred and sev
entj-nine.
Germaiiia Lodge, Ao. 129, was established Feb.
24, 1853, with ten members and the following first
officers : Charles Conlon, N. G. ; Alexander Metzger,
V. G. ; Julius Boettiker, Sec. ; Henry Schmidt,
Treas. Present officers are H. Ranje, N. G. ; and H.
E. Thomas, Sec.
Indianiipo/is Lodge. Xo. 465. Present officers :
W. H. Orpwood, N. G. ; Louis Smith, Sec. Contrib-
uting members, seventy-seven.
Corinthian Lodge, Xo. 474. Present officers ; J.
T. Williams, N. G. ; L. W. McDaniels, Sec. Con-
tributing members, seventy-three.
Meridian Lodge, Xo. 480. Present officers :
Thomas A. Black, N. G. ; J. T. Armstead, Sec.
Contributing members, one hundred and forty-nine.
Centennial Lodge, Xo. 520. Present officers:
Thomas Rodebaugh, N. G. ; J. A. Pritohard, Sec.
Contributing members, seventy-four.
Mozart Lodge, Xo. 531. Present officers; M.
Kleebauer, N. G. ; F. Boettiker, Sec. Contributiug
members, ninety-seven.
Subordinate Encampments. — The Metrojioli-
tan, Xo. 5, was instituted July 20, 1846, with the
following past officers: Jacob P. Chapman, C. P.;
Edwin Hedderly, H. P. ; George B. Warren, S. W. ;
W. B. Preston, J. W. ; Benjamin B. Taylor, S. ; A.
C. Christfield, Treas. ; John H. Taylor, Sent. Pres-
ent officers : S. W. Wales, C. P. ; Charles B. Foster,
S. Contributing members, one hundred and seventy-
two.
Marion, Xo. 35, was instituted March 24, 1853,
with the following past officers : Obed Foote, C. P. ;
Joseph K. English, H. P. ; Anthony Defrees, S. ;
Daniel Yandes, Jr., S. W. ; William C. Lupton,
J. W. ; George G. Holman, Treas. ; John M. Kemper,
Sent. It had ninety members in 1870. Since that
it has been in some way eliminated, as it no longer
appears in the official list of encampments and there
is a gap between Nos. 34 and 36.
Teutouia, Xo. 57 (German), was established Aug.
1, 1858, with thirty-two members and the following
officers : George F. Meyer, C. P. ; Charles Conlon,
H. P. ; John P. Stumph. S. W. ; Charles Bals, J. W. ;
F. Tapking, S. ; Alexander Metzger, Treas. Pres-
ent officers: W. A. Schoppe, C. P.; Henry Kuerst,
S. Contributiug members, one hundred and twelve.
Ariel, Xo. 144, Chief Patriarch not designated ;
Omer Rodibaugh, S. ; contributing member.s, nine-
teen.
Indianapolis Degree Camp, Xo. 1, H. McCoy,
Com. ; C. D. Hoyle, O. of the G.; Frank McQuiddy,
Sec. ; Theodore P. Haughey, Treas.
Harmouia and Olive Branch Rebekah Degree
Lodges meet, the first on the second Thursday, the
other on the second Saturday in each month.
Colored Odd-Fellows have a Grand Lodge
(Mr. Paran, G. M.) and three subordinate lodges in
the city, with one female affiliated society called
Household of Ruth, Lodge 34, and a P. G. M.
Council. They all meet in No. 82i East Washing-
ton Street.
Lincoln Union Lodge, Xo. 148G, Edward Proctor,
Sec.
Gerritt Smith Lodge, Xo. 1707, Samuel Ilcrron,
Sec.
0. P. Morton Lodge, Xo. 1987, William Christie,
Sec.
Odd-Fellows' Mutual Aid Association. —
This society was organized Nov. 21, 1872, with a
board of twelve directors, of which William Wallace
was president ; Leonidas Sexton, vice-president ; J.
W. McQuiddy, secretary ; and Theodore P. Haughey,
treasurer. The following is the present board of
directors and officers : William Wallace, president ;
Thomas Underwood, vice-president ; John W. Mc-
Quiddy, secretary ; Theodore P. Haughey, treasurer ;
W. E. Jeffries, medical examiner. Directors : Wil-
liam Wallace, P. G. ; Thomas Underwood, P. G. M. ;
John W. McQuiddy, P. G. M. ; Theodore P.
Haughey, G. Treas.; Piatt J. Wise, P. G. M. ;
William H. DeWolf, P. G. M.; James B. Kimball,
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
375
P. G. M. ; John F. Wildman, D. G. M. ; Nathaniel
P. Richmond, P. G. M. ; Samuel B. Halley, P. G. F. ;
Edward S. Porter, G. H. P.; John F. Wallick,
P. G. P. This association, like that of the Masons,
divides the members into four classes, those from
twenty-one to thirty years of age constituting the
first class ; from thirty-one to forty, the second class ;
at once, and in less than a month the Grand Lodge
of the District of Columbia was organized. This
was rapid growth, but the decay was equally rapid.
In about two years all the lodges were dead but the
second one formed in Washington. It became the
nucleus of future accretions, and in another year the
order began its second growth. A lodge was estab-
from forty-one to fifty, the third class ; from fifty-one j lished in Philadelphia, and was followed in other
quarters, till on the 11th of August, 1868, the re-
juvenated order felt able to organize a Supreme
Lodge of the World at Washington. In the session
of 1869, at Richmond, Va., seven States and the
District of Columbia were represented; in 1870 in
New York, seven more States, including Indiana,
were represented; at the third session, in Philadel-
phia, twenty-two States in all were represented. It
has overspread to Europe and South America and
all round the world.
The order was brought to Indiana by Charles P.
Carty, who organized the first lodge in Itidianapolis
—Marion Lodge, No. 1— on July 12, 1869. In
three months there were three lodges here and
three in Fort Wayne, and the.se organized the Grand
Lodge on the 20th of October. 1869. The first
Grand Lodge officers were Charles P. Carty, V. G.
P., Indianapolis; John Caven, G. C, Indianapolis;
John L. Brown, V. G. C, Fort Wayne; George H.
Swain, G. R. and C. S., Indianapolis ; George P.
Meyer, G. B., Indianapolis ; John B. Ryan, G. G.,
Indianapolis; William A. Root, G. I. S., Indianapolis;
Charles Johns, G. 0. S., Indianapolis. On the 1st
of May, 1871, there were nine lodges in good work-
ing order, with an aggregate membership of seven
hundred in the State. In this city there are eight
lodges, all meeting at the hall northwest corner of
Market and Pennsylvania Streets. The general
relief committee meets there the first Saturday of
every month. The annual eonvocations meet the
fourth Tuesday in January. The present grand
officers are James T. Darnell, P. G. C. ; E. G.
Herr, G. C. ; R. A. Carran, G. P. ; W. L. Duulap,
G. M. of E. ; D. B. Shideler, G. K. of R. and S.
Marion Lodge, No. 1. — Officers: W. T. Sam-
ple, C. C. i Theodore Buchter, K. of R. and S.
Olive Branch Lodge, No. 2. — Officers : Wil-
to fifty-five, the fourth class. On the death of a mem-
ber each of the other members, within fifteen days,
pays to the secretary or his duly authorized agent
assessments, as follows : Members of the first class,
one dollar ; of the second class, one dollar and five
cents ; of the third class, one dollar and twenty-five
cents; of the fourth class, one dollar and eighty
cents. The report for the year ending Nov. 1, 1883,
shows that 2625 certificates are " in force," of which
390 are in the first class, 1015 in the second class,
859 in the third class, and 394 in the fourth class.
The total amount of benefits paid from the organiza-
tion of the association is $776,071.82. Whole
number of deaths in the two divisions since organiza-
tion is 379. The following summary shows the
operation of the aid system as clearly as anything
that can be put in equal space. The cost to each
member in the first division for the year for $2500
has been as follows: First class, 831, or $12.40 per
flOOO; second class, $32.55, or $13.02 per $1000;
third class, $38.75, or $15.50 per $1000; fourth
class, $55.80, or $22.32 per $1000.
The cost for eleven years for a member who has
paid every assessment for an average benefit of $2386
has been, —
Whole Cost. Per Tear. PerSlOOO
per Year.
First class .§256.70 S23.33 S9.74
Second class 270.45 24.59 10.30
Third class 325.45 29.57 12.3S
Fourth class 495.20 45.01 1S.86
Receipts, both divisions, $115,679.79; expendi-
tures other than death losses, $11,464.33.
Knights of Pythias. — The most numerous and
respectable secret order, after the Masons and Odd-
Fellows, is the Knights of Pythias, an outgrowth
of the period since the war. The first lodge was
organized in Washington City in February, 1864,
by J. H. Rathbone. A few other lodges followed
376
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Ham H. Orpwood, C. C. ; John T. Francis, K. of R.
and S.
KoERNER LoPGE, No. 6. — OfiBcers : Philip
GrafiFe, C. C. ; Charles Dahlman, K. of R. and S.
Stab Lodge, No. 7. — OfiBcers: H. C. Newcomb,
Jr., C. C. ; Frank Blanchard, K. of R. and S.
Excelsior Lodge, No. 25. — OfiScers : Lewis
Feller, C. C. ; Henry B. Stottc, K. of R. and S.
Indianapolis Lodge, No. 5(j. — Officers: J. M.
Ryder, C. C. ; J. A. Preston, K. of R. and S.
Schiller Lodge, No. 61. — Officers: William J.
Rosebrock, C. C. ; John Ploeger, K. of R. and S.
Capital City Lodge, No. 97. — Officers: Dr.
Earp, C. C. ; John J. Langdon, K. of R. and S.
Knights of Honor. — The Grand Lodge meets
annually on the last Tuesday in February, hall
northwest corner of Market and Pennsylvania
Streets. William D. Bynum, G. D. ; James W.
Jacob, G. R.
Wheatley Lodge, No. S. — Officers: George
Brunick, D. ; Charles Kerner, R.
Indi.\napolis Lodge, No. 9. — Officers : Titus
Atland, D. ; Thomas H. Clapp, R.
Victoria Lodge, No. 22. — Officers: G. M.
Alexander, D. ; J. W. Hosman, R.
Eureka Lodge, No. 24. — Officers: J. K. Rob-
son, D. ; J. B. Nickerson, R.
Schiller Lodge, No. 40. — Officers : Theodore
Wagner, D. ; Fred. Weiffenpach, R.
Washington Lodge, No. 114. — Officers : Claude
M. Ryan, D. : Joseph Dovy, R.
Marion Lodge, No. 601.
Garfield Lodge, No. 2583.— Officers : C. T.
Stone, D. ; William H. Fulton, R.
Germania Lodge, No. 2634. — Officers : Wil-
liam John, D. ; Albert J. Groenwaldt, R.
Women are members and officers of one of the
divisions called the Degree of Perfection, of which
there arc two lodges, Hope, No. 6, and Martha
Lodge. Of the latter Elizabeth Hert is P., and
Peter Lehr, R.
Druids. — The Grand Grove of Indiana was
established in Indianapolis in 1860, and the order
has three groves here, Chapter, No. 3, and Ger-
mania Circle, No. 2. The groves are Octavian,
No. 3, Humboldt, No. 8, Mozart, No. 13, and
Washington Supreme Arch Chapter, No. 3.
Red Men. — The first of the tribes of this order
organized here was the Pocahontas, Oct. 3, 1869,
with forty-eight members. This division of the
Red Men to which it belongs is called the " Inde-
pendent Order," or " United Order." The other is
called the " Improved Order," and has three tribes
here which have a hall in the Griffith Block, No.
36* West Washington Street.
The Palmetto Tribe. No. 17. — Adam Kalb, S. ;
Ferdinand Rouser, C. of R. Instituted May 2, 1870.
Works in German.
The Red Clodd Tribe, No. 18. — J. S. CoiFman,
S. ; Henry Albertsmeyer, C. of R. Instituted Aug.
10, 1870. Works in English.
The Minnewa Tribe, No. 38. — Robert Smith,
S. ; George F. David, C. of R.
Royal Arcanum. — The Grand Council meets an-
nually on the first Wednesday in March in the hall.
Bates' Block, North Pennsylvania Street; C. B. Mil-
ler, G. R. ; Frank W. Olin, G. Sec. The subordi-
nate councils are
Indiana Council, No. 128. — Hall, corner of
Fort Wayne Avenue and St. Mary Street ; Thomas
H. Clapp, R. ; C. W. Overman, Sec.
Indianapolis Council, No. 328. — Hall in Bates'
Block ; W. H. Hobbs, R. ; Charles M. Coats, Sec.
Hoosier Council, No. 394. — Hall, corner of
Illinois and Seventh Street; A. A. Heifer, R. ; A.
J. Van Deinse, Sec.
Marion Council, No. 399.— Hall, Bates' Block ;
W. R. Miller, R. ; Charles G. Irwin, Sec.
0. of C. F. (Chosen Friends). — The Supreme
Council meets first Tuesday in September ; A. Alcon,
S. C. ; T. B. Linn, S. R. Hall, 172i East Wash-
ington Street. The Grand Council meets the
third Tuesday in February, Nos. 16 and 18 Hub-
bard's Block ; Dr. C. S. Pixley, G. C. ; C. Bradford,
G. R.
Alpha Council, No- 1. — Hall of Chosen Friends,
Bates' Block ; A. Rosengarten, C. C. ; Mrs. H. C.
Page, Sec.
Delta Council, No. 2. — Hall, Bates' Block ;
Levi Roberts, C. C. ; John McElwee, Sec.
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
377
Venus Council, No. 7. — Hall, 13i East Wash-
ington Street; M. H. Daniels, C. C. ; Barry Self,
Sec.
Crescent Council, No. 8. — Hall, corner of Ver-
mont and Mississippi Streets ; Frank B. Taylor, C. .C. ;
G. E. Tiffany, Sec.
Marion Council, No. 16. — Hall of Red Men,
36 J West Washington Street; George F. David, C.
C. ; Ernest B. Cole, Sec.
True Friend Council, No. 23. — Hall, Bates'
Block ; G. B. Manlove, C. C. ; C. L. Hinton, Sec.
Eureka Council, No. 25. — Hall, Bates' Block ;
George Lutz, C. C. ; J. S. Roberts, Sec.
TJ. 0. H. — Supreme Lodge meets first Wednes-
day in October ; George W. Powell, Sup. Prest. ;
Ernest Duden, Sup. Sec. ; A. L. Blue, Sup. Treas.
Grand Lodge meets third Tuesday in May ; Thomas
E. Boyd, G. Prest. ; Ernest Duden, G. Sec. ; Samuel
B. Corbaley, G. Treas. ; Mrs. Althousc, G. Chapl.
The subordinate lodges are :
Enterprise Lodge, No. 1. — Hall, Griffith's
Block ; John W. Howe, Prest. ; J. F. Feshler, Rec.
Sec.
Capital City Lodge, No. 2.— Hall, ]Mankedick's,
end of Virginia Avenue ; James D. Caylor, Prest. ;
Eliza Champe, Rec. Sec.
Washington Lodge, No. 13. — Hall, Vermont
and Mississippi Streets; R. A. Pearce, Prest.; W.
A. Braekin, Rec. Sec.
Hope Lodge, No. 14. — Hall, corner of Fort
Wayne Avenue and St. Mary Street ; Peter P.
Hercth, Prest. ; James S. Smith, Rec. Sec.
Indianapolis Lodge, No. 15. — Hall, Boston
Block ; Charles 0. Harris, Prest. ; George F. Ridge,
Rec. Sec.
Ancient Order of Hibernians. — Officers of the
county, James H. Deery, C. D. ; William Broderick,
Jr., C. S. ; John H. Meany, C. T.
Division No. 1.— Hall, Parnell Hall, McCarty
and Maple Streets; William Broderick, Jr., Prest.
Division No. 2. — Peter Carson, Prest. ; John H.
Meany, F. S. ; E. F. Hart, R. S.
Division No. 3. — Andrew Lee, Prest. ; William
Brennan, F. S. ; Dennis Sullivan, Treas.
American Order United Workingmen. — Hall,
25
Griffith's Block. Grand Lodge meets biennially on
the third Thursday in February. There are five sub-
ordinate lodges here :
Union Lodge, No. 6.— John T. Francis, Fin.
Eagle Lodge, No. 10.— John M. Bohmie, M. W. ;
G. W. Hill, Fin.
Capital Lodge, No. 19.— C. H. Miller, Rec. ;
John Bessel, Fin.
Pro.spect Lodge, No. 45. — Joseph Dynes, M. W. ;
J. R. Childers, Fin. ; F. G. Brown, Rec.
Crescent Lodge, No. 72. — C. F. Miller, Fin.
A. R. A. German Lodge, No. 3. — John Ben-
ninger, W. M. ; Henry Riechmeyer, Sec.
R. P. 0. E. Indianapolis Lodge, No. 13. —
John H. Martin, E. R. ; S. C. Henton, Sec. ; James
V. Cook, Treas.
D. 0. H. Freta Lodge, No. 63.— George Hol-
ler, 0. B. ; August Emerich, Sec.
Schiller Lodge, No. 381. — Frank Noellc, 0. B. ;
Silas Thompson, Cor. Sec.
D. R. K, — St. Bonifacius' Support Union and
St. Joseph's Support Union are both purely German
and Catholic charitable associations, holding their
meetings at St. Mary's School.
G. A. R. ( Grand Army of the Republic). — South-
east corner of Tennessee and Market Streets. Com-
mander, James R. Carnahan, Adjt.-6en. of Indiana;
Ben. D. House, A. A. G. ; G. H. Shover, A. Q. M. G.
There are two posts here, George H. Thomas and
George H. Chapman. The colored members have a
post partially organized.
Good Templars. — Hall, southeast corner of Me-
ridian and Washington Streets. Grand Lodge. An-
nual meeting third Tuesday in October. Eli Miller,
G. W. C. T. ; Rev. W. W. Snyder, G. W. C. ; Mrs.
S. C. Jackson, G. W. V. T. ; M. E. Shiel, G. W. S. ;
Isaac Underwood, G. W. T.
Monitor Lodge, No. 1, meets 3Ionday evening.
North Star, No. 4, meets Saturday evening.
General Temperance Ribbon Association. —
John W. Copner, Prest. ; D. B. Ross, Sec.
Hebrew Societies. — (I. 0. B. B.) Abraham
Lodge, No. 58. Hall, 27i South Delaware Street. —
Solomon Mossier, Prest. ; J. M. King, Sec.
Esther Lodge, No. 323, same hall. — D. S. Ben-
378
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
son, Prest. ; Benjamin Frey, Sec. 0. R. S. B., same
hall. Indianapolis Lodge, No. 149. — M. Emden,
Prest. ; Ed. Ducas, Sec.
Tree of Life Mutual Benefit Society. —
Isador Deitch, Prest. ; M. Solomon, Sec.
0. I. H. Supreme Sitting. Biennial meeting
fourth Tuesday in March. — Emi Kennedy, S. J. ; C.
H. Horton, S. A. ; M. C. Davis, S. C.
Local Branch, No. 1.— F. H. Pillet, C. J. ; J.
GafiFga, Accountant.
Local Branch, No. 117.— D. W. Cosier, C. J.:
C. L. Hinton, Accountant.
Knights of Labor. — This is the most recent and
one of the most extensive orders in the city. Its
name indicates its character as a sort of working-
men's order, irrespective of differences of trades and
occupations. The minor or local bodies are called
" Assemblies," and in some women are admitted to
membership, with a probability of the formation of
" Assemblies" wholly of women. Female Knights
of Labor will be a rather incongruous name, but not
more so than Knights of Temperance or knights
of some other cause as ill fitted with such designa-
tions. The fancy for mediaeval names and distinctions
could be changed with an improvement of taste to
others of a later date and more apt significance. A
knight and a workingman are as nearly antipodal
as any two conditions of mortal life can be, or could
when there were such existences.
The Elks. — This is a recent organization and rather
a restricted, not to say select, one in Indianapolis,
seemingly composed of artistic or aesthetic elements
derived from the stage and the fine arts. The benev-
olent characteristic no doubt is a-sserted in its organi-
zation, but its primary purpose seems to be convivial
and entitle itself to the name of good fellows. The
significance of the name they have adopted is prob-
ably the secret of the order.
Among these minor orders there are of course not
a few lodges and organizations that amount to little
more than a name. Besides these there are some that
have come and gone, or at least make no demonstra-
tion of existence, which were once active societies.
Among these are the Heptasophs, or Seven Wise
Men, who had two ludires or conclaves here ten or
twelve years ago. The Sons of Herman is another
that was in prosperous condition a dozen years ago,
and is now dead or idle. An unusually large propor-
tion of these minor secret orders are of German origin
and membership. The meeting-place of all the State
organizations and larger combinations of all of them
is Indianapolis.
It may be worth noting in this connection that the
central location of this city, and its ready accessibility
by rail, have for thirty years made it a frequent
meeting-place of national assemblages as well as those
State and local gatherings which naturally gravitate
to the State capital. The fir.st of these probably
was the national Woman's Rights meeting, held
in Masonic Hall in 1855, referred to in the general
history. Tiie first of full national, or even wider, in-
terest was the Methodist General Conference which
met here May 1, 1856, in the hall of the House in the
old State-House. May 18, 1859, the General As-
sembly of the Old School Presbyterian Church of
the United States met here in the Tiiird Church
building, corner of Illinois and Ohio Streets. Among
the distinguished clergymen in attendance were Dr.
Alexander, of Princeton ; Dr. McMaster, of New
Albany, Ind. ; Dr. Thornwell, of South Carolina ;
Dr. Palmer, of New Orleans ; Dr. N. L. Rice, of
Lexington, Ky. ; Dr. Breckenridge, of Kentucky.
The National Christian Missionary Society has been
here. The National Scientific Association met here
one year in the old State- House, when the celebrated
botanist, Asa Gray, was here, and Dr. T. Sterry
Hunt. Besides these, the National Pharmaceutical
Association has met here, the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, the National Poultry Breeders' Associ-
ation, the National Wool-Growers' Association, the
National Short-Horn Association, the National
Swine Breeders' Association, railroad associations,
and conventions innumerable ; political conventions
of all degrees except a national nominating conven-
tion ; temperance and reform conventions, business
conventions, all kinds of public assemblages, repre-
senting all interests, from setting telegraph-poles to
saving souls. No city in the Union is more familiar
with the annoyance or satisfaction, as it happens, of
crowds of strangers on some special engagement of
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
379
interest or duty. This pre-eminence is likely to grow
instead of decline as the city's traveling facilities in-
crease, and with them increa.se the means of comfort-
able accommodation of visitors.
Charitable Associations. — While secret or spe-
cial organizations give due attention to the needs of
their own adherents, and occasionally to those who
have no such claim upon them, there is still a large
balance of want and suffering in a city so largely
filled with temporary residents and professional beg-
gars as the centre of our railroad system must be,
and these must be cared for by the benevolent associa-
tions which are rarely lacking in any town of the
West, either as unsectarian combinations of all classes
of citizens or as appendages of churches. The town-
ship trustee does a great deal of charitable service, as
the legal agent of the community, with the revenues
placed by law in his hands for that purpose. But legal
assistance has to be supplemented by the aid of associ-
ations, and in not a few cases some of the most deserv-
ing of the necessitous will not apply to the trustee.
The following report of the township's charitable
work during the first month of the year 1884 will
give .some idea of the character and extent of the
claims on the charity-fund provided by taxation :
Number of applications 853
Number of applicants aided 71-3
Number of applicants refused aid 140
Total 853
EXPENDITURES.
386 grocery orders, at $2
8-t half-cords wood, average ?2.25..
282 loads of coal, at $2.iO
Transportation
Burial costs
Total .
8772.00
i.sg.on
676.80
79.45
80.50
SI 797.75
Tlie oldest, most conspicuous, and most effective
benevolent association in the history of the city,
until within the last few years, was the Indianap-
olis Benevolent Society. It is traditionally claimed
to have been organized on Thanksgiving evening,
1835 ; but this is a suggestion starting in the fact
that the annual meetings were held on the evenings
of Thanksgiving days, or the following Sundays.
The first Thanksgiving day observed by public order
^r request was the 28th of November, 1839, on a
proclamation of Governor Wallace. The Benevolent
Society was organized four years before. Its work
was done by visitors, who were appointed — a man
and a woman together — to small, well-defined dis-
tricts, to visit every resident and procure contribu-
tions of everything that could be made serviceable to
the needy. These collections were kept in a depos-
itory by some well-known citizen,' and given out on
direct application, or on the order of some member
of the society. It did a great deal of good work,
but could not do close work, and, like its coadjutor
association ten years ago, the Ladies' Relief Society,
it was often imposed upon.
The money collected, usually in conisiderable
amounts, was used to pay the bills of grocers on
whom orders were given for family supplies to the
amount of one dollar and fifty cents a week, ex-
cept in cases of sickness or special urgency. Tran-
sient sufferers were relieved by a special committee
when their cases were discovered in time. James
Blake was president of this old charity from its or-
ganization till his death, Nov. 26, 1870 ; Calvin
Fletcher, Sr., was the secretary from the first till his
death, May 26, 1866 ; James M. Ray was treasurer
from the first till Mr. Blake's death, when he became
president. Occasional organizations of the same
character were formed and maintained with this re-
liable charity, but none continued long or did much.
The Ladies' Relief, just referred to, was the most
efiicient of these for several years, but went out some
four or five years ago.
The Charity Organization. — All the charita-
ble associations in the city disconnected with the
secret orders have within the last few years been
combined into a perfectly methodized system, each
with its special province, and the work so well ar-
ranged and so intelligently prosecuted that it is no
idle boast to say that Indianapolis has as comprehen-
sive and complete a system of private charities as any
city in the United States ; the old Benevolent Society
is part of it. The Charity Organization, as the
combination is called, has a special duty separate
from the societies that compose it. An authoritative
publication thus defines generally the purpose of
each:
380
HISTORY OF INDIAiSTAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
" The special work of each society is this : The
Charity Organization Society looks up each case of
reported need, brings together a nnmber of men and
women to decide how it should be helped. The Be-
nevolent Society gives the special relief decided upon,
— rent, food, fuel, loans, work, sends transients to
the Friendly luu, and gives boys work. During
the late cold days about fifty each night were lodged.
The Flower Mission takes care of the sick poor, sends
nurses, and provides suitable food. The Training-
School educates nurses and sends them into private
families and among the sick poor. Tiirough the
city dispensary, the orphan asylum, and the hospitals
we can take care of all cases of need quickly and ad-
equately. We think that no one need be in want or
suffering a day who will let it be known to these
societies. By this means, also, the great waste of
charity, when given to the unworthy, is stopped."
Charity Orgatdzalion Society. — Central Council :
S. T. Bowen, W. E. Krag, George W. Sloan, H.
Bamberger, J. H. Holliday, E. B. Martindale, A. L.
Wright, C. C. Foster, M. W. Reed, George B. Wright,
Aug. Bessonies, T. P. Haughey, V. K. Hendricks,
T. A. Hendricks, Peter Lieber, J. ^\ . Murphy, E.
C. Atkins, N. Morris, C. M. Martindale, 0. C. Mc-
Culloch.
Indianapolis Benevolent Society. — President, Oscar
C. McCulIoch ; Vice-Presidents, Myron W. Reed,
Chapin C. Foster, Mrs. L. W. Moses, Mrs. Paulina
Merritt ; Treasurer, Ingram Fletcher ; Secretary,
Henry D. Stevens ; Executive Committee, George
Merritt, Franklin Taylor, Mrs. Julia H. Goodhart,
Mrs. Emma L. Elam ; Finance Committee, Cyrus C.
Hines, Thomas H. Sharpe.
Flower Mission. — President, Jlrs. Hannah G.
Chapman ; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. G. T. Evans, Mrs.
H. McCoy ; Secretaries, Mrs. V. K. Hendricks, Mrs.
Helen B. McKinney ; Treasurers, Mrs. Helen
Wright, Mrs. \\. J. McKee.
Flower Mission Training- School. — Committee on
Organization, Mrs. Hannah G. Chapman, chairman ;
Mrs. John M. Judah, Mrs. John A. Holman, Mrs.
Julia H. Goodhart, Mrs. George T. Evans, Mrs. A.
D. Lynch, Mrs. R. R. Parker, Mrs. Theodore P.
Haughey, Mrs. John H. Stewart, Miss Mary C.
Rariden, Mrs. B. D. Walcott, and Miss Sue Martin-
dale.
The Organization in its last publication makes a
more specific statement of duties and labors in the
following summary :
Indianapolis Benevolent Society. — Founded
1876. Gives relief; operates the Friendly Inn, for
transients ; the Friendly Inn Wood-Yard, for giving
work to all out of work ; the Employment Agency,
for finding work for women and girls ; the Industrial
Committee, for giving work in sewing to women ; the
Friendly Visitors, for bringing the poor under the
personal care of some friend. Tiie society expects
also to open a school for teaching girls that which
they shall practice when they become women, —
sewing, housekeeping, cooking, etc.
Charity Organization Society. — Organized
December, 1879. This society does not give relief.
It is, as its name signifies, a society for organizing
charity. It proposes to meet a scientific pauperism
with a scientific charity. It co-ordinates the charitable
forces. It brings all interested in the work of help-
ing the poor together. It exchanges information.
It registers all information concerning dependent and
neglected classes. It investigates all cases applying
for aid. It publishes the best methods of caring for
the needy. It covers the field with watchful visitors,
who see that no suffering is unrelieved. It distributes
among societies ready to help, those who are needy
and worthy. It watches the administration of public
funds as regards the poor and criminal. It wants to
know the reason why certain abuses and wrongs exist,
which may be remedied. It organizes the charitable
and moral forces of the community, in order to
counteract the evils incident to city life. It is a
bureau of information, a clearing-house of charities, a
commercial agency of records of the poor.
The Flower Mission. — Founded in 1876. The
work of this society lies among the sick. It dis-
tributes flowers in the hospital ; looks after the sick
poor, seeing that they have proper food ; provides
nurses, bedding ; provides original appliances for crip-
pled children. It is woman caring for women and
children, nourishing and visiting.
The Training-School for Nurses. — This cr-
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
381
outgrowth of the Flower Mission work, was begun
in September, 1883. Its design is to train a body of
skilled nurses to nurse among the sick poor and in
the homes of the city. The school is now in opera-
tion at the City Hospital ; has a superintendent and
two trained nurses from Bellevue Hospital, and six
pupil nurses. It gives a two years' course of instruc-
tion to women, thus opening up a new profession and
aiding the physician by an intelligent helper.
In the construction of this admirable organization,
as well as in the prosecution of its multifarious labors,
Rev. Oscar C. McCulloch, of Plymouth Church, has
borne his share and rather more, and very fairly
stands at the head of it. Whether without him
would any part of it have been made that is made, is
a question. What these affiliated bodies have done,
each in its own province, is stated in the following
summary :
Number of applications for aid, 1391 ; number of
persons in these families, 4752.
Class I. — Cases worthy of relief: Orphans, 9 ; aged,
69 ; incurable, 13 ; temporary illness or accident,
534 ; total, 625.
Class II. — Cases needing work rather than relief,
but relieved : Out of work, able and willing, 85 ; in-
sufficient work, able and willing to do more, 170 ;
unfitted by infirmity or family cares for all but special
kinds, 56; shiftless, imprudence or intemperance,
76 ; others, 30 ; total, 387.
Class III. — Case§ not requiring, unworthy, or not
entitled to relief, relief denied : Not requiring, 79 ;
owning property, having relatives able to support,
hopelessly shiftless or improvident, 149 ; preferring
to live on alms, 111 ; others, 40 ; total, 379.
Aided from the various societies, 1012.
Refused, 370.
Indianapolis Benevolent Society. — Amount
expended in direct relief, $2286.24. Friendly Inn —
Lodgings furnished, 4188; meals furnished, 8203;
strangers cared for, 382 ; number employed in yard,
2725. Employment Agency — Employers' applica-
tions, 305 ; employes' applications, 267 ; number of
girls registered, 2136. Industrial Committee —
Women given work, 20. Friendly Visitors — No ac-
count is kept of visits.
Flower Mission. — During the year the Flower
Mission has cared for two hundred and one different
cases. The number under care each month is as fol-
1S82. November 62
December 81
18S.3. January 79
February 72
March 71
April 58
188?,. May..
.June,
(!1
•luly 44
August 40
September 40
October .30
690
In addition, the Flower Mission united with the
ladies of the Benevolent Society, Children's Aid,
Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and interested
individuals in giving a picnic to the poor children of
the city. About eight hundred went to Salem. The
success of it may be inferred from the remark of a
boy that " The grub is better even than a fellow gets
in jail."
The following list embraces every charitable organ-
ization and agency in the city, with its location and
time of meeting, where meeting is necessary to action.
Of most of these no further account is necessary
than is furnished by its name and object. Of a few,
however, the history extends over a considerable
period, and requires a more extended notice, which
will follow this :
Charity Organization Society. — Central office,
Plymouth Building; District office, Nos. 1 and 2
Plymouth Building. Committee meets on Tuesdays
at 3.30 P.M.
Indianapolis Benevolent Society, — Plymouth
Building, south parlor.
Employment Agency. — For girls and women, at
same place ; for men and boys, at Friendly Inn.
Friendly Inn and Wood-Yard.— ^o. 290 West
Market Street.
Industrial Committee. — Meets during the winter
on Wednesdays, at Benevolent Society room, at two
o'clock.
Friendly Visitors. — Meet on Wednesdays, at half-
past three o'clock, at the Central office.
Flower Mission. — -Mrs. Hannah L. Chapman,
president, No. 617 North Meridian Street. Weekly
meetings on Thursdays, at Plymouth Building.
Flower Mission Training- School for Nurses. —
382
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
At the City Hospital ; Home, No. 274 West Vermont
Street.
Indianapolis Orphan Asylum. — -Corner of College
and Home Avenues, Mrs. Hannah Hadley, president.
Home for Friendless Women. — Corner Eighth
and Tennessee Streets, Mrs. Mary R. Bullitt, matron.
Colored Orphan Asylum. — Corner Twelfth and
Mississippi Streets.
German Orphan Asylum. — West side of Reed
Street, north of Cyprus.
St. Vincent's Hospital. — Vermont Street, corner
of Liberty.
Little Sisters of the Poor. — Vermont Street, corner
of Liberty.
Toionship Trustee. — Ernest Kitz, ofiSce No. lOJ
East Washington Street.
City Dispensary. — No. 34 East Ohio Street.
City Hospital. — Corner Locke and Margaret
Streets.
Children's Aid Society. — Having care of neglected
and dependent children.
Charily Kindergartens. — Corner West and Mc-
Carty Streets ; No. 280 West Market Street.
Maternity Society. — Plymouth Buildiljg.
The Orphans' Home. — This, the oldest of the
local asylums of the city, was projected by the old
Benevolent Society in 1849, and an organization
formed in November of that year. lu January,
1850, it was chartered by the Legislature, and the
first officers were Mrs. A. W. Morris, president ;
Mrs. Alfred Harrison, Mrs. William Sheets, Mrs.
Judge Morrison, vice-presidents; Mrs. Isaac Phipps,
treasurer ; Mrs. Hollingshead, secretary ; Mrs. Wil-
kins, depository ; Mrs. Calvin Fletcher, Mrs. Gray-
don, Mrs. Maguire, Mrs. I. P. Williams, Mrs. Cressy,
Mrs. Williams, Mrs. Willard, Mrs. Underbill, Mrs.
Irviu, Mrs. Dr. Dunlap, Mrs. I. Hall, Mrs. Bradley,
managers; Mrs. Duncan, Mrs. Ferry, Mrs. Paxton,
Mrs. Dunn, Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. A. F. Morrison,
Mrs. McCarty, Mrs. Myers, Mrs. Brouse, Mrs. Wise-
man, visiting committee ; Messrs. N. McCarty, Alfred
Harrison, Judge Morrison, William Sheets, Judson
R. Osgood, Ovid Butler, A. G. Willard, Henry Ohr,
John Wilkins, advisory committee. The Home has
been uniformly well managed. Though largely de-
pendent on the contributions of the charitable, the
indefatigable zeal of its managers has succeeded in
j keeping it always in effective condition. The County
I Board pays twenty-five cents a day for the board of
1 each inmate, but that is all the public support it gets.
The city government gives nothing. During the
year ending May, 1883, two hundred and fifty- two
children were taken care of at the Home, thirty-
three placed in permanent situations, and one hun-
dred and three returned to their relatives or friends.
Since last May the demand upon the asylum has
I been larger than ever, and in January, 1884, there
j were one hundred and twenty-four children in it at
one time, and but three of these over twelve years
old.
The average number of the family was one hun-
1 dred ; sixty were attending the public school in the
building, under charge of a competent teacher fur-
nished by the school board ; forty under six years of
age have been taught by the kindergarten system,
also conducted in the building. There is a good
Sunday-school also maintained in the institution.
Of the property of the institution, the president,
Mrs. Hadley, says, —
"In 1854 two city lots were purchased for the
location of the asylum, and a third one donated by
James P. Drake. In 1855 the first building was
erected, costing twelve hundred dollars. In 1869
the building was enlarged at a cost of three thou-
sand dollars, and at that time could accommodate
thirty-five children. The increasing demand for
charity towards this class in the growth of our city
has been such that the managers have had to secure
a larger building to supply better accommodations,
and have leased the Christian College building, on
College Avenue, for a time, which lease has nearly
expired. The managers hope to be able to raise a
sufficient sum to build a good substantial house on
the old ground belonging to them on North Tennessee
Street, one which will answer the future demand for
many years to come."
The German Protestant Orphan Asylum was
organized on the 11th of August, 1867, with Mr.
Frederick Thorns as president. In 1869-70 a lot
of six and three-quarter acres was purchased on the
ORDERS, SOCIETIES, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
383
south bank of Pleasant Run, on Pleasant Avenue,
and a handsome building erected, which constitutes
the chief ornament of that recent suburb of the city.
The grounds around it are well laid out and finely
improved with trees and shrubbery and flowers.
The following extract from the report of President
Russe shows the condition of the institution :
In 1S83 the number of inmates was twenty-eight
boys and twenty-six girls. The expense per head
per year is eighty-nine dollars, besides donations.
After a child is fourteen years of age we bind it out
to a responsible party to learn a trade or business.
Receipts for 1SS3.
Dues from members $r)56.00
From e.'ccursions and festivals 1U91.00
From the county 4.i3:i.(in
$7200.00
EXPE.VSES FOR 1S83.
Sal.aries
To matron, hired man, five hired
girls, and one servant S1000.18
For household expenses 1962.00
Forfurniture, wagon, feed, boolis, etc. 750.00
For repairs, etc 500 00
S3702.18
Value of property, forty-one thousand dollars ;
money on interest, twenty-six hundred dollars;
money on hand, two thousand dollars. Directors,
A. Henry Russe, president ; Chris. Oif, vice-presi-
dent ; Henry Rosebrock, recording secretary ; H. W.
Hartman, financial secretary ; Henry Rosener, treas-
urer. Trustees, C. Russe, Fred. Thorns, H. H. Koch,
Henry Mankedick, H. Hartman, William Tecken-
brock, William Wieland, Ewald Over, Harvey Pauli,
Gus. Somnier, Cliris. Wiese. Matron, Libby Weis-
gerber.
Colored Orphan Asylum. — On the southwest cor-
ner of Twelfth and Mississippi Streets. The associa-
tion that founded this beneficent charity was com-
pleted on the 26th of February, 1870. The building
was erected and occupied in 1871. It is a large, sub-
stantial brick, with ample grounds about it, and under
good direction. A well-ventilated nursery and dormi-
tory have been added to the original building, and
Mrs. Trueblood, president, says that a con.siderable
enlargement will be made this (1884) spring, the
means having been provided by contributions of gen-
erous friends of the orphans. It was opened for the
reception of pupils in June, 1871. There are sixty-
two children in it at present, and between sis and
seven hundred have found a home there since it was
opened. The county board pays twentyfive cents a
day for the board of each child, " which provides for
the wants of the family, including the matron,"
Mrs. Anna E. Stratton, nurse, seamstress, cook, and
laundry help. There has always been a school and a
teacher in the institution, where the children who are
old enough are given a fair education. Mrs. True-
blood says, " Many are quick to learn, and they are
also taught, out of school hours, to assist in any work
that they are able to do. They are also taught in
Sunday-school, in which their singing and memorizing
of texts are very interesting."
Home for Friendless Women. — This institution
is an outgrowth of the war. The soldiers, and float-
ing population living by plunder and chance upon
the soldiers, brought a plague of harlots here, and in
May, 1862, Mayor Caven called the attention of the
Council to the evil, and its eflfeet in filling the jail
with such inmates. He recommended the erection
of a house of refuge for them, but nothing was done.
In July of the year following the late Stoughton A.
Fletcher made a proposition to the Council to give
seven acres of ground just south of the city, be-
tween the Bluff and Three Notch roads, for a Re-
formatory, if the city would put a suitable house upon
it. The donation was accepted, and five thousand
dollars appropriated to the house. Plans were
adopted, a board of trustees created, and contracts
let. Then prices advanced so greatly under the in-
fluence of the war that the work was stopped in
1864, after eight thousand dollars had been expended
and a fine stone basement built, and never resumed
till recently, when it was taken in hand by one of the
Catholic Sisterhoods, as related in the account of the
Catholic Church and its charities here. Meanwhile,
in 1866, a society for the aid and improvement of
abandoned women was formed, with boards of trus-
tees and directors, and with the aid liberally extended,
and with the co-operation of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association, a house of nine rooms was obtained
on North Pennsylvania Street, for the service mainly
384
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of female prisoners in the jail. Obvious good was
the result, but the location was too public, and steps
were taken to obtain a better situation. For this
purpose the city and county each gave seven thou-
sand five hundred dollars. A site on North Tennes-
see Street was found, and with the public appropria-
tions and donations of city lots by James M. Ray,
Wm. S. Hubbard, and Calvin Fletcher, and Stillman
Witt, of Cleveland, a suitable building was erected by
May, 187Q. It was dedicated May 21st, the services
being conducted by Rev. Drs. Scott, Holliday, and
Day. It was fifty-seven by seventy-five feet, three
stories, with forty-nine comfortable rooms, and capable
of housing healthfully one hundred inmates. On the
23d of September, four months after its dedication, it
was nearly destroyed by fire, the loss exceeding the
amount of insurance by several thousand dollars.
The Home was temporarily removed to 476 North
Illinois Street, and the burned building reconstructed
in the same style and as substantially as before. The
following statement has been kindly furnished for this
work by Mrs. Todd, the treasurer:
The Indianapolis Home for Friendless Women was
incorporated March 11, 1867. Inmates (adults and
children) have averaged from five hundred to six
hundred annually. Yearly expenditures from two
thousand five hundred to three thousand dollars.
Has received no funds from the city for several years.
Mr. E. J. Peck left to it five thousand dollars. The
income from this is its only permanent source of sup-
port. The county commissioners gave last year
(1883) three hundred dollars. Its work-fund and
the voluntary gifts of its friends supply the remainder.
The trustees and managers are members of the various
Protestant churches in the city. It is not controlled
by any denomination.
Its board of managers are the following ladies :
Mrs. Judge Newman, president ; Mrs. J. L. Ketcham,
vice-president ; Mrs. N. A. Hyde, secretary ; Mrs. C.
N. Todd, treasurer; Mrs. J. M. Ray, Mrs. T. H.
Sharpe, Mrs. J. H. Vajen, Mrs. Conrad Baker, Mrs.
A. L. Rouche, Mrs. E. Eekert, Mrs. M. Byrkit, Mrs.
Dr, Newcomer, Mrs. H. Adams, Mrs. J. H. Ohr, Mrs.
Jane Trueblood, Mrs. H. Hadley, Mrs. C. W. Moores,
Mrs. T. P. Haughey, Mrs. Dr. Carey, Mrs. G. D.
Emery, Mrs. Judge Gresham, Mrs. E. C. Atkins, Mrs.
Dr. Burgess, Mrs. Abram W. Hendricks, Mrs. H. B.
Sherman, Mrs. Gen. Coburn, Mrs. M. W. Burford,
Mrs. Franklin Landers, Mrs. John T. Morrison.
Y. M. C. A. — The associations of a religious char-
acter which apply themselves to charitable purposes
as a part of their scheme of duty, are afiiliatcd with
the Young Men's Christian Association, of the origin
and early history of which a brief sketch is given in
the general history, and in the reference to the courses
of lectures maintained in the city. In the other
aspect of its services it deserves mention here, for its
charitable ministrations have been unintermitting and
invaluable. It has given much time and work to the
establishment of mission Sunday-schools, and to the
maintenance of religious services in waste places of
the city where such a visitation was very improbable
without such an agency. In 1871 it purchased the
Exchange Block, on the east side of North Illinois
Street, about half-way to Market from Washington,
where had for several years been maintained the
most fashionable saloon and gambling hell of the city.
It had also been used as a variety theatre. The
price was twenty-four thousand dollars. It was mostly
paid or secured, the building reconstructed, reading-
rooms and comfortable meetings provided, and later
bath-rooms and gymnastic apparatus were added, and
have made it as favorite a resort for healthful and
moral purposes now as it used to be for purposes less
commendable. Its resources are voluntary contribu-
tions wholly.
The Women's Christian Association is an auxil-
iary of this society, and a German branch co-operates
with it, or used to. Prayer-meetings are held every
day at 8 a.m., and the reading-rooms are open free
every day from 8 a.m. to 10 P.M. A fee of six
dollars obtains the use of all the bathing conve-
niences and others of the gymnasium for a year. The
officers of the association are Samuel Merrill, presi-
dent ; Thomas C. Day, vice-president ; T. H. K.
Enos, treasurer ; John Kidd, recording secretary ;
Rev. John B. Brandt, general secretary. Blr. Brandt,
however, resigned in 1884.
Besides the distinctively charitable associations,
secret and public, thus far noticed, and the religious
ORDERS, SOCIETI^:S, AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
385
associations that use their means and opportunities for
benevolent work without organizing primarily for that
purpose, there are a great many societies of workmen
and persons connected by interests of one kind or
another, like " trades unions," which give help to the
needy of their members, but these are t6o numerous
and, in the main, too evanescent to require notice here ;
little more could be said of them than the mention of
their names and locations, and that is the work of a
directory rather than a history.
Cemeteries. — The City CeiMetery. In the
general history is given an account, upon the author-
ity of Mr. Nowland's memoirs, of the selection of the
first cemetery in Indianapolis, called the " old grave-
yard" for one generation or more. It consisted of
four acres on the east bank of the river, directly east
of Governor's Island. The whole of the latter and
a good deal of the other have been washed away.
In 1834 the " new graveyard," as it was universally
called, — it being a sort of fashion of those primitive
times not to call things by their right names, thus
making " Main" Street of Washington, " diagonal" of
avenue, " new graveyard" of Union Cemetery, — was
laid out east of the old one selected in 1821, extend-
ing from the border of that to Kentucky Avenue.
The old one in time was taken altogether by the
colored residents. The new one was very carefully
platted and amply provided with carriage-ways to
every little square. About 1850, William Quarles
built a private vault there, near the Kentucky
Avenue side, and was laid there two years later.
Evergreens were profusely planted by lot-owners, and
a number of the original forest-trees retained, so that
in a few years the cemetery was made a very attractive
spot, and the only place approaching a park about the
town The owners of the tract — Mr. McCarty, Dr.
Coe, Mr. Blake, Mr. Ray, and John G. Brown — made
an agreement that all lots remaining unsold after fifty
years, and all to which no heirs or assigns of the original
purchasers appeared, should become the property of
the survivor, who proved to be James M. Ray, who
assigned his rights to the First Presbyterian Church.
The new or Union Cemetery contained five acres.
In 1852, Mr. Edwin J. Peck, president of the Van-
dalia Railroad, laid ofi' seven and a half acres north
of both the old cemeteries into an addition. Messrs.
Blake and_ Ray were associated in this cemetery too.
It extended to the Vandalia tracks on the north and
to West Street on the east, leaving an open tract of
forest, beautifully undulating, between it and the
river. This then belonged to a Philadelphia mer-
chant firm, Siter, Price & Co., and was laid ofi" in
1860 into a cemetery called Greenlawn, better
planned and more expensively improved in graveled
walks and sightly plats than either of its predecessors.
It was never used. The southern portion, adjoining
the old cemeteries, however, was largely used, or at
least that part of it north of the " new graveyard."
In 1862 the national government bought a narrow
tract along the Vandalia railway for a graveyard for
rebel prisoners who died here. Two or three hundred
were buried here, but subsequently removed to Crown
Hill, and the site is now used by the railroad com-
pany for its round-house, wood-house, water-tanks,
and blacksmith-shops. These were begun in 1870.
There has been much discussion of projects for pro-
curing a cemetery site out of the city instead of
these combined old cemeteries now called the City
Cemetery, but nothing has come of it yet.
The Hebrew Cemetery was established in 1856
on three acres of ground directly souch of the Catho-
lic Female Reformatory, between the Blufi" and
Three Notch roads. The larger part of the space is
still unfilled, the Jews being rather a healthy people
for cemetery service.
The Lutheran Cemetery consists of ten acres
pure-based by the trustees of St. Paul's German
Evangelical Lutheran Church a little south of Pleas-
ant Run, on the east side of the Three Notch road.
Its plats are large, its driveways well graveled and
graded, and it contains some handsome monu-
ments.
The Catholic Cemetery contains eighteen
acres, on the plateau of the north blufi" of Pleasant
Run. It has been very handsomely but not uni-
formly improved. The north half is used mainly by
the Irish, the south by the German Catholics. The
most striking monument in it, or, indeed, in any
cemetery about the city, is the little chapel erected to
the memory of the old pastor of St. Mary's (German)
386
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Church, Father Segrist, but there are several very
pretty memorials of the dead in this little ijecropolis.
Crown Hill Cemetery. — This is the chief |
cemetery of Indianapolis, and grows constantly more
conspicuous and more closely associated with the
memories and interests of the city. Happily it is in
the hands of a superintendent able to do full justice
to the opportunities the situation gives him, by apply-
ing sound judgment and cultivated taste to its improve-
ment. The history of Crown Hill and its conversion
to its present uses is a very short one. It was a farm,
partly used as a nursery by Martin Williams, about
three miles northwest of the Circle, on the east side
of the Michigan road. On it, and forming its north-
western extremity, is the only earthly projection near
the city that can be called a hill. It is nearly two
hundred feet higher than the level of the river. On
the 25th of September, 1863, an association was
formed, with James M. Ray as president, Theodore
P. Haughey as secretary, and Stoughton A. Fletcher,
Jr., as treasurer, with seven directors, to provide a
cemetery to take the place (when required) of the
old City Cemetery. S. A. Fletcher, Sr., proposed to
advance the money to purchase a site, without inter-
est, and a committee selected Crown Hill. The
farm, with the hill and some adjacent tracts needed
to square the whole plat, contained two hundred and
fifty acres and cost fifty-one thousand five hundred
dollars. Frederick W. Chislett, of the Pittsburgh
Cemetery, was chosen superintendent, and remains
so, and is likely to till he dies. The dedication was
made the following year, with a speech from ex-
United States Senator Albert S. White, of Lafayette.
Lots were rapidly bought and improvement systemat-
ically begun. Nothing was done at hap-hazard, but all,
however scattered, as parts of a well-defined plan. It
is now as beautiful a cemetery as there is in the world,
excepting none of the celebrated mortuary achieve-
ments of the East, — Mount Auburn, Laurel Hill, or
Greenwood. This, of course, is mainly due to the
superintendent, who determined at the outset to have
none of the rectangular lots and railings that so dis-
figure some otherwise beautiful cemeteries. There are
no fences nor railings, no formal squares, but winding
drives and foot-walks mark the boundaries of burial-
plats, and roads follow the natural undulations of the
surface. The forest-trees are left in their native
beauty or trimmed only where disfigured, and in
places where the farm was cleared for cultivation
flowering trees and evergreens and flower-beds and
borders are set, making by far the most attractive and
tasteful resort about the city, and a resort that no
impudence or vicious temerity can abuse, for the
superintendent and his men live on the ground and
keep watch upon it day and night.
In the first four years after the organization of the
Cemetery Association was completed and the sale
of lots commenced, the total amount of sales was
§172,060.70. In the past five years only $54,298.17
of lots wore sold in Greenwood, and in the first twelve
years only $128,892.49 in Spring Grove. The pro-
ceeds of lot-sales are to be applied to the improve-
ment of the grounds. No profits are made and no
dividends declared, nor can there ever be. Every
purchaser of a lot is a stockholder as fully as every
other one, and he has his right to a voice in what is
done, but his benefits, outside of his burial rights, end
there. The second article of incorporation says, —
" The distinct and irrevocable principle on which
this association is founded and to remain forever (ex-
cept as hereinafter allowed) is that the entire fund
arising from the sale of burial-lots and the proceeds
of any investment of said funds shall be and they are
specifically dedicated to the purchase and improve-
ment of the grounds for the cemetery, and keeping
them durably and permanently inclosed and in per-
petual repair through all future time, including all
incidental expenses for approach to the cemetery and
the proper management of the same, and that no part
of such funds shall, as dividends, profits, or in any
manner whatever, inure to the corporators." The
exception to the permanence of this provision is thus
defined in the thirteenth article : that " after twenty-
five years shall have expired from the organization of
this corporation, by a vote of twenty-five of the cor-
porators living in the county of Marion, Ind., and
after a fund has accumulated which will amply and
permanently provide for the preservation, sustaining,
and ornamenting the cemetery, such alteration may
be made at any annual meeting in the principles and
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
387
limitations of these articles as that out of the surplus
funds of this cemetery or association contributions
and appropriations may be made by the managers in
aid of the poor of Indianapolis."
A burial-vault was early erected on one of the
main lines of road, and near it on the south and east
is the National Cemetery, where the dead of the
Union army who died here, or whose bodies have
been brought here, are buried. Here lies the body
of Governor Morton among the men in whose service
he sacrificed his health and strength, as they sacri-
ficed their own in the service of the country. On
the east of this section a chapel of Gothic architec-
ture, striking and handsome, with burial-vaults at-
tached, was built a few years ago at a cost of thirty
thousand dollars. Illinois Street, running out into
the Westfield pike, passes the eastern side of the
cemetery, where a gate opens into a long and, in
summer, delightfully shady drive over to the im-
proved portion of the grounds on the west. A road
opened within a year or two extends Tennessee Street
to the south side of the cemetery. The last is now
chiefly used.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHURCHES OF IXDI.\XAPOLIS.
The primitive churches of the city and of the
entire West, where there were no rituals or authori-
tative forms, differed little from each other in public
observances or the rites of worship, and a stranger
might easily mistake one for the other, as preachers
are said to have done sometimes, till the sermon came
to enlighten him. It was a rare sermon that did not
betray the sectarian cast of the congregation. Now
the points of identity or similarity have made a com-
plete revolution. The differences are more dis-
cernible in forms and methods than sermons. It is
a rare sermon now that indicates the sectarian
attitude or tendency of the church. Forty and fifty
years ago it was a rare one that did not. There
might be nothing precedent in the seating of the
congregation, in the hymns or prayers or attitudes,
to distinguish a Methodist from a Baptist meeting,
but the sermon would do it. The tendency of the
religious feeling of those days was to sects and sepa-
rations. It magnified differences. It hunted more
diligently than intelligently for Scriptural excuses for
division. It perverted texts to support creeds and
uncharitable criticisms of varying creeds. The best
sermon was that which made the best array of
plausibilities for sectarian separation. The truest
preacher was he who could make most nearly in-
contestable the saving eflficacy of what Baptist A.
believed and the futility of what Methodist B. be-
lieved. Thus, as related in the general history,
came frequent collisions and public debates and
acrimonious feelings. The condition of society out
of which they grew is hardly conceivable to a com-
munity that hears Rev. Myron Reed, of the Pres-
byterian Church, speak with fraternal warmth of the
pious zeal of the Catholic Father Bessonies. It was
little less than sinful in early days to commend any-
thing that another church or preacher did. The
rigidly righteous took it for a sinful compliance,
a giving way to the worldly spirit, a warning of
evil, if not worse. The iron fixedness of faith of the
Puritans was the dominant characteristic of the re-
ligious element of the community. It had its ad-
mirable qualities for the generation in which it was
active, but it passed away with other conditions of
the times, and allowed the approach of the change
in which to-day we rarely hear sectarian differences
alluded to in the pulpit. The sermon in a Meth-
odist Church might be acceptably preached in any
other of the four score of churches of different
creeds, and pulpits are exchanged with no disturb-
ance of religious complacency. The changes of
material condition are hardly more striking than the
changes of moral condition. The log house, little
handsomer or handier than the barn in the next
field, has given place to stone and brick edifices that
are as sightly as costly, the benches or split-bottomed
chairs to carved and cushioned pews, the hearty but
dissonant singing to the trim accuracy of a paid choir
and a professional organist, the cheap exhorter and
388
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
extempore outgiving to the high-paid pastor and \
written sermon ; but no one of these nor all together
are more impressive to the thoughtful mind than the ;
change which has so nearly obliterated the sectarian
differences so obtrusive a generation ago. Church
members may have grown more worldly-minded,
more luxurious, more of the Gallio type, but they ;
have certainly grown more charitable, not so much j
in the ready bestowal of money as the willing ex-
ercise of generous opinion and appreciation, — a far
more commendable trait and harder to come by. I
In the general history is given a brief sketch of
the origin of each of the early churches, their loca- I
tion, and the character of their buildings. It will be 1
unnecessary to repeat these points here, but it may
be well to note that but a single church established
in the first twenty years of the city's history remains ;
in its original situation. Rev. Mr. Hyde, in his '
address at the opening of the new Plymouth Church,
said the congregation first worshiped in the Senate
chamber of the State-House, then in a hall on South
Illinois Street, then in the State-House again, then
in the front hall of the first Plymouth Church, now
a part of the English "Quadrant," and added, "I
believe this has been the history of all the larger
congregations in the city. Of the churches that
were here when I came that then thought they were
occupying permanent homes, nearly all have moved
and enlarged."
It is true that the first congregations of the larger
denominations have moved once, at least, and some
oftener. The Baptists, who had the first local
habitation here in 1823, in a school-house on the
north side of Maryland Street, between Tennessee and
Mississippi, nearly opposite the residence of Henry
Bradley, one of the leading members, first organized
in the school-house on the point of Kentucky Ave-
nue and Illinois Street in 1822. They moved to the
southwest corner of Maryland and Meridian Streets
in 1829, but not till they had petitioned the Legis-
lature for the donation of a lot for a building site,
and failed. The house here was a broad, squatty
one-story brick, with a wooden bell-tower against a
little frame school-house a hundred feet west. This
was replaced a dozen years later by a finer structure
on the same site, and it burned one Sunday morning
early in January, 1861, and then the church moved
to its present site. This made the second removal
for the Baptists. The Presbyterians built first, in
1824, on the site of the Exchange Block; moved to
the Times oflBce site in 1842, and to its present place
in 1866, — two removals for them. The Methodists
first had a log house, in 1825, on Maryland Street, a
little west of Meridian, on the south side, and kept
it till 1829. Then they built their first regular
church edifice, and used it till 1846. Then they
tore that down and built Wesley Chapel. They
sold that in 1869 and built Meridian Church,
making the fourth house and second removal. The
Christians built their first church in 18155-36, on
Kentucky Avenue. They moved to the present site
of Central Chapel in 1852, one removal for them.
The Catholics first built in a hackberry-grove on the
military ground, near the corner of West and Wash-
ington Streets, in 1840. In 1850 St. John's Church
was built, on Georgia Street, and in 1867 the Cathe-
dral replaced it, making two removals for them.
The Episcopalians alone of all the leading denomina-
tions have never changed. Their first church was
on the spot where the present Christ Church stands.
Few remains of any of the old churches are visible
now. The first Episcopal Church was moved to
Georgia Street near the canal, for a colored church,
and burned the second or third year. The first
Baptist Church on the old site, corner of Maryland
and Meridian Streets, was torn down and the second
burned down. The first Presbyterian Church — the
old frame — was torn down, and so was the brick
where the Journal building is. The first Christian
Church, a frame, was preserved and is now a
tenement-house. The first Methodist (log) Church
was torn down. So was the first brick, but Wesley
Chapel was changed to the late Sentinel building.
Roberts' Chapel was incorporated in one of Martin-
dale's blocks. The Fourth Presbyterian Church was
put into Baldwin's Block, and Beecher's church is
the body of Circle Hall. St. John's Catholic Church
was torn away entirely when the Cathedral was built.
The first Lutheran Church, 1838, near the southeast
corner of Meridian and Ohio Streets, was torn away
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
entirely. It removed to the southwest corner of
Alabama and New York Streets, where it remained
for many years, and then moved uptown to the cor-
ner of Pennsylvania and Walnut Streets.
There are now eighty-eight churches in the city,
each, with one or two exceptions, with a building of
its own and erected for it. Of these the Methodists,
including the German and Colored Conferences, and
the Methodist Protestant, have twenty-four ; the
Presbyterians have fourteen ; the Baptist, thirteen ;
the Catholics, seven ; the Christians (^formerly better
known as " Disciples," or " Campbellites"), six ; the
Episcopalians, with the Episcopal Reformed, six ;
the Lutherans, six ; the Congregationalists, two ; the
Hebrews, two; the German Reformed, three; the
Evangelical Association, one ; the Friends, one ;
United Presbyterian, one; United Brethren, one;
Swedenborgian, one. In 18G8, and for some time
following, the Unitarians formed an organization here
with the Rev. Henry Bianchard as pastor, and used
the Academy of Music as a place of worship. But it
has been dissolved for ten or twelve years. The Uni-
versalists had two churches here for a number of
years, but now have none. The first was organized
about forty years ago, but soon failed, and was re-
organized in 1853, or replaced by an organization of
the same views, of which Rev. B. F. Foster, Grand
Secretary of the Odd-Fellows, and still the most emi-
nent clergyman of that faith in the State, was the
first pastor. In 1860 he was succeeded by Rev. W.
C. Brooks for a year ; resumed his pastorate for five
years more, and was again succeeded, in 1866, by Rev.
J. M. Austin, of New York. He resigned in about
sis months, and Mr. Foster, then State Librarian, re-
sumed his pastoral charge and kept it till his civil
office expired in 1869. Since then the church has
had no pastor, no settled worship, and never had a
building of its own. It used at one time or another
the old court-house, the old seminary lecture-room
(Mr. Beecher's first church). College Hall, Temper-
ance Hall (where the News Block is). Masonic Hall,
and the hall on the southwest corner of Delaware and
Maryland Streets. In 1860 a personal difference in
the original Universalist Church caused a secession
under the lead of the eminent manufacturer, Mr.
John Thomas, and the colony bought a lot and built
a house on Michigan Street near Tennessee. Of this
Mr. Thomas became the sole owner, and when the
church ceased to use it, as it did after the first year,
while Rev. C. E. Woodbury and Rev. W. W. Curry
(afterwards Secretary of State) were pastors, it was
occupied by the Wesley Chapel (Methodist) Church
during the time their own Meridian Church was
in progress, and later by a division of Strange Chapel
(Methodist), under the noted and eloquent J. W. T.
McMuUen, first colonel of tlie Fifty-first Indiana
Volunteers. It is now occupied by the North Presby-
terian (colored) Church. There are ten colored
churches in the city, — four Methodist, four Baptist,
one Presbyterian, and one Christian.
WHITE BAPTIST.S.
First Baptist Church. — Although religious ser-
vices were held in the new settlement as early as the
spring of 1821, and continued occasionally, some-
times in the woods and sometimes in private houses,
no church organization was made till the 10th of
October, 1822. Then the First Baptist Church was
formed. The history of this earliest of Indianapolis
churches is told briefly in the old records which may
be introduced here as of more interest than any second-
hand account could be. The first entry says, " The
Baptists at and near Indianapolis, having removed
from various parts of the world, met at the school-house
in Indianapolis (this was the first schoolhonse near
the point of junction of Illinois Street and Kentucky
Avenue in August, 1822), and after some consultation,
adopted the following resolution : Resolved, That we
send for help, and meet at Indianapolis on the 20th
day of September next for the purpose of establishing
a regular Baptist Church at said place. That John
W. Reding write letters to Little Flat Rock and Little
Cedar Grove Churches for help. That Samuel
Mcormack (McCormick) write letters to Lick Creek
and Franklin Churches for helps. Then adjourned."
The next entry reads thus: " Met according to ad-
journment ; Elder Tyner, from Little Cedar Grove,
attended as a help from that cliuieh, and after divine
service went into business. Letters were received
and read from Brothers Benjamin Barns, Jeremiah
Johnson, Thomas Carter (the tavern-keeper), Otis
390
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Hobart, John Hobart, Theodore V. Denny, John
Mcormac'.r ( McCoimick), Samuel Mcormack, John
Thompson, and William Dodd. and sisters Jane
Johnson, Nancy Carter, Nancy Thompson, Elizabeth
Mcormack, and Polly Carter. Then adjourned until
Saturday morning, 10th October." That day the
organization was completed, and the old record tells
the event thus : " Met according to adjournment, and
after divine .service letters were read from John W.
Reding and Hannah Skinner. Brother B. Barns
was appointed to speak, and answer for the members ;
and Brother Tyner went into an examination, and
finding the members sound in the faith, pronounced
them a regular Baptist Church, and directed them to
go into business. Brother Tyner was then chosen
moderator, and John W. Reding, clerk. Agreed to
be Called and known by the name of the First Baptist
Church at Indianapolis. Then adjourned till the
third Saturday in October, 182;i. J. W. Reding,
clerk." There was not much form or ceremony ob-
served in constituting this old church, and a later
meeting, in which financial matters were the main
subject of consideration, shows that there was as little
pretension to worldly wealth among the members.
' " At a church meeting held at Indianapolis on the
third Saturday of January, 1823, after divine ser-
vice, Brother B. Barns, moderator, on motion, Brother
J. Thompson was unanimously called to serve this
church as a deacon, having previously been ordained.
The reference taken up respecting a church fund, the
brethren whose names here follows paid Brother J.
Thompson twenty-five cents each : H. Bradley, J. W.
Reding, S. Mcormack, T. V. Denny, T. Carter, J.
Hobart, D. Wood, J. Thompson. On motion, agreed
that Brother B. Barns be sent as a help to constitute
a church at White Lick, near the Blufis of White
River, when called on by the brethren at that place.
Ordered, that Brothers T. Carter, H. Bradley, and
D. Wood be a committee to make arrangements for a
place of worship and report to the next meeting. J.
W. Reding, clerk." The next entry says, " The com-
mittee chosen for the purpose of making arrange-
ments for a place of worship, reported that the school-
house may be had without interruption." Whether
this school-house was the first one built in the town,
as above noted, or another on Maryland Street, north
side, west of Tennessee Street, does not appear from
the record, but it was probably the latter, and must
have stood on or very near the site of Alexander
Ralston 's residence. A little single-room hewed log
house did stand near that rather pretentious structure
for several years after his death. On the third Satur-
day of June, 1823, a meeting was held at which Mr.
Barnes, who had been the leading member of the
organization from the start, " requested and was
granted a letter of dismission." Following this is
the statement, " Agreed, that Brother B. Barns be
called to preach to this church once a month until
the end of this year, to which Brother Barns agreed."
Thus the First Baptist Church had a complete or-
ganization, a place of worship, and a regular, though
not frequent preacher in two years after the town
was laid out.
As noted above, the church petitioned the Legisla-
ture in November, 1824, for a lot to build a house of
worship upon, but failed. The order says, " On
motion, agreed that the church petition the present
General Assembly for a site to build a meeting-house
upon, and that the southeast half of the shaded block
90 be selected, and that Brothers J. Hobart, H.
Bradley, and the clerk be appointed a committee to
bear the petition Saturday in February." What is
meant by a "shaded block" can only be conjectured,
but it probably referred to a grove that made a pleas-
ant shelter. In the spring of 1825, Major Thomas
Chinn, who lived on the north side of Maryland
Street, pretty nearly opposite the site of the east end
of tlie Grand Hotel, invited the church to meet at
his residence during the summer, and they did. In
June, 1825, a lot was purchased for a church build-
ing, and measures taken to finish a small frame house
upon it for that use, but the matter was put off after
an assessment was made on the fifteen adult males of
the congregation of forty-eight dollars to pay for the
lot, a little over three dollars each. In 1826, Rev.
Cornelius Duvall, of Kentucky, was called to the
charge of the church, but he never accepted or never
acted, and in December, 1826, Rev. Abraham Smock
was called for one year, accepted and set to work.
During his pastorate the lot on the southwest corner
CHURCHES OP INDIANAPOLIS.
391
of Meridian and Maryland Streets was purchased,
and in 1829 the first Baptist Church building
erected, as above related. This was removed fifteen
or twenty years afterwards and a handsome church
with a fine spire erected, which was burned the first
Sunday in 1861, when the present site, on the north-
west corner of New York and Pennsylvania Streets,
was obtained and built upon. .
Rev. Abraham Smock remained pastor till 1830,
when he resigned and left the church without a pas-
tor for some years, though several ministers preached
statedly, and one. Rev. Byron Lawrence, in 1832 was
requested to " preach as frequently as he can on
Lord's day for six months." Under the stated ar-
rangement Revs. Jamison Hawkins (grandfather of
Nicholas McCarty), Byron Lawrence, and Ezra Fisher
preached till February, 1834, when Mr. Fisher was
called to be the stated preacher of the church. He
retired in the fall or winter of 1834, and Rev. T. C.
Townsend was requested to preach till a regular pas-
tor was obtained. Then in July, 1835, came Rev.
and Dr. John L. Richmond, who served for six or
eight years, and was one of the best known and
esteemed clergymen and physicians in the town. He
was a good deal of a humorist and one of the most
eccentric men both in appearance and conduct who
ever lived here, but withal a genuine Christian and a
noble man. It was told of him that he once silenced
a braggart who was boasting of the fertility of his
farm, particularly in pumpkins, by telling him that
" his farm was nothing to one he (the doctor) had
seen recently." " Why, what could that farm do ?"
" The pumpkins grew so thick all over one of the
fields that if a man would kick one on one side of
the field it would shake those against the fence on
the other side." The laugh of the company at this
sally stopped the boaster from repeating his folly.
In 1843, Rev. George C. Chandler succeeded Dr.
Richmond, who was himself succeeded by Rev. T. R.
Cressy in 1847, and he in 1852 by Rev. Sydney
Dyer, who attained considerable distinction as a poet,
and published a volume of poems about 1856. Rev.
J. B. Simmons followed, and remained till 1861.
After the burning of the church in that year the
congregation worshiped in Masonic Hall till the new
edifice was completed. It was begun in 1862. Rev.
Henry Day succeeded Mr. Simmons in 1861, and re-
mained till a few years ago. The present pastor is
Rev. Henry C. Mabie. The number of members is
five hundred and sixty-nine ; Sunday-school pupils,
about five hundred ; value of property, about sixty-
five thousand dollars.
South Street Baptist Church.— This was at first
a mission church, established by the old First or
Home Church, which purchased the lot on the south-
west corner of Noble and South Streets about 1867,
and built a small but pretty chapel there. In 1869
a number of the members of the parent church,
whose places of residence made a church more conve-
nient there than away ofi' at University Square,
formed an organization, and with a membership of
seventy-six took the mission building as a gift from
the old congregation and at once established a flour-
ishing church there. A handsome new building re-
placed the mission house a few years ago. Pastor,
Rev. I. N. Clark. Membership, two hundred and
ninety-five; Sunday-school pupils, three hundred and
fifty ; value of property, about twenty thousand dollars.
Garden Baptist Church. — This also was a mission
established in 1866 on Tennessee Street, and then
removed to the corner of Washington and Missouri
Streets. It finally built its own house on Bright
Street. Pastor, Rev. B. F. Patt. Membership, one
hundred ; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and
fifty ; value of property, six thousand dollar.*.
North Baptist Church. — This, like the other
two. was a mission branch of the old First Church,
established on the corner of Broadway and Cherry
Streets, where it still is. The present pastor is Rev.
Daniel D. Read. Membership, one hundred and
thirty-one ; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and
fifty; value of property, about eight thousand dollars.
Third Baptist Tabernacle, though named in the
city directory with a pastor, Rev. Christopher Wil-
son, and located on Rhode Island Street, does not
appear in the ofiioial list of the Association.
German Baptist Church. — Pastor, Rev. August
Boelter, corner of Davidson and North Streets.
Mount Zion Baptist Church, Second and La-
fayette Streets. Pastor, Rev. William Singleton.
392
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
New Bethel Baptist Churcli, Beeler Street. Rev.
Jacob R. Eayuor, pastor.
Judson Baptist Church, Fletcher Avenue, re-
ported disorganized. These last four churches, like
the Tabernacle, do not appear in the authoritative
lists of the Association, but do in the directory.
COLORED BAPTISTS.
Second Baptist Church, north side of Michigan,
east of West. Pastor, Rev. James M. Harris.
Corinthian Baptist Church, corner of North and
Railroad Streets. Pastor, Rev. R. Bassett.
OUve Baptist Church, Hosbrook, between Grove
and Pine Streets. Pastor, Rev. Anderson Simmons.
South Calvary Baptist Church, comer of Maple
and Morris Streets. Rev. Thomas Smith, pastor.
PUESnYTKI!I.\XS.
First Presbyterian Church. — The sectarian dif-
ferences which became so strongly marked in the dif-
ferent denominations of Indianapolis, after separate
organizations had been made and separate places of
worship established, were measurably suppressed in
the first years of the settlement, and union meetings
were frequent in which all denominations joined.
Nevertheless each had occasionally worship and ser-
mons of its own. In August, 1822, as we have seen,
the Baptists took the first steps to form a distinct
denominational organization. The Presbyterians fol-
lowed on the 23d of February, 1823. Previously
they had been preached to by Rev. Ludlow G. Gaines,
— the same as the " Ludwell Gains" and " Ludwell
G. Gains" who entered several tracts of land in De-
catur township in 1821, — and during the year 1822
Rev. David C Proctor was engaged as a missionary.
The old school-house was the cradle of this church, as
well as the First Baptist. The organization was made
here on the 6th of Mareh, 1823, after one or two pre-
vious meetings, and on the 22d of March trustees
were appointed. The formal constitution of the church
was completed with fifteen members July 5, 1823.
Subscriptions were at once obtained, and a lot pur-
chased on the northwest corner of Market and Penn-
sylvania Streets, where a frame building, the first
church edifice in the place, was partially built the
same year and finished the following summer, 1824,
at a cost for site and house of twelve hundred dollars.
Mr. Gaines and Mr. Proctor both appear to have
served as "stated supply" in the first days of the
church's existence, and Mr. Proctor was pastor for a
short time till the accession of Rev. George Bush in
September, 1824, who continued till June, 1828, and
remained in the town till JIarch, 1829. Mr. Bush,
as elsewhere noticed, became subsequently, on remov-
ing to the East, one of the most conspicuous here.siarchs
in this country. His theological vagaries were equaled
by his learning, however, and he always commanded
attention and respect. It was thought by the com-
munity that his eccentricities of faith had something
to do with the severance of his pastoral relation to
the First Presbyterian Church here. Succeeding him
came Rev. John R. Moreland, from 1829 to 1832.
Rev. William A. Holliday succeeded him in 1832,
continuing till 1835. A couple of years later he took
charge of the old seminary, and figured promi-
nently as one of the early educators of the city, as
well as one of its most honored moral guides and
instructors.
Rev. William Adair Hollidav. — The parents
of the subject of this biographical sketch were Sam-
uel Holliday and Elizabeth Martin, both of Scotch-
Irish ancestry. The former was associate judge of
the Marion County Circuit Court, and ofiiciated at
the trial of Hudson, Sawyer, and the Bridges, in
1824, for murdering Indians. They are said to have
been the only white men executed for this crime.
It was said by Oliver H. Smith, in his " Early In-
dian Trials," " Judge Holliday was one of the best
and most conscientious men I ever knew." Eliza-
beth Martin Holliday was the daughter of Jacob
and Catherine Martin, and the sister of Rev. William
Martin, a prominent pioneer preacher of Indiana,
familiarly known as Father Martin. William Adair
Holliday, born July 16, 1803, in Harrison County,
Ky., at the age of three years removed with his
parents to Preble County, Ohio, and from thence
in 1815 to Wayne County, Ind., after which Marion
County, as then constituted, became the permanent
residence of the family. The early years of Mr.
Holliday were fraught with many of the depriva-
tions incident to the life of the early settler. Few
s?
'^tJl.^J ^^t^:^-^.
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
393
opportunities for education were afforded, and the
means for obtaining those advantages so limited as
to make a thorough scholastic training a work re-
quiring not only perseverance but often great sacri-
fice. William A. Holliday, being ambitious for in-
struction superior to that offered at home, walked
from his father's farm to Hamilton, Ohio, and there
attended school. Subsequently he went to Blooming-
ton, and from thence to the Miami University, at
Oxford, Ohio, where he graduated in 1829. Having
chosen the ministry as his life-work, he traveled on
horseback to Princeton, N. J., and there pursued a
theological course, after which he was licensed to
preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. At
the close of his studies he preached with great ac-
ceptability at Goshen, N. Y., to the congregation of
which Dr. Fisk had been pastor, and would have
been called to that important pastoral charge had he
not discouraged the movement under a conviction
that he ought to labor in the West. In 1832 he
accepted an invitation to supply the First Presby-
terian Church of Indianapolis, over which charge he
ministered two years. Subsequently he devoted him-
self to missionary labor among feeble churches in
Indiana and Kentucky, combining the work of
preaching with that of a teacher. From 1841 until
his death Indianapolis was his home. He was in
1864 elected professor of Latin and modern languages
in Hanover College, of which he had long been a
trustee, and for two years rendered gratuitous service
in that capacity, resigning in June, 1866. His own
early struggles for a thorough education gave him a
deep sympathy with young men similarly situated,
and inspired him with a deep interest in their efforts
to secure opportunities for thorough education. A
desire to promote this prompted him to give while yet
living, out of a moderate estate, property which sold
for twelve thousand dollars for the purpose of endow-
ing a professorship of mental philosophy and logic in
Hanover College. The following tribute is paid by
Rev. Dr. J. H. Nixon, a former pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church, to his scholastic attainments
and piety : " His prayers and counsels and influence
were always heartily given to every good work.
He was a man of deep piety, of much learning, and
26
of most excellent spirit. His habits of study were
continued to the clo.se of his life. He read daily the
Scriptures in the original. He kept well abreast of
the religious literature of the day, and yet was a
careful and thoughtful student of pa.ssing events.
So modest was he that few except his intimate
friends knew the treasures of learning he had
gathered.' He had been for several years stated
clerk of Muncie Presbytery, and was a regular and
valued member of the church courts. For many
years he was a member of the congregation of the
First Church of Indianapolis, of which he had for-
merly acted as pastor, and was a most punctual and
earnest attendant upon the ministry of the Word and
the prayer-meetings, and ever ready to afford his
pastor the benefit of his counsels, sympathies, and
prayers." Mr. Holliday was married to Miss Lucia
Shaw Cruft, to whom were born seven children.
Two of these died in infancy, and a third at the age
of fourteen years. The four survivors are Rev.
Wm. A. Holliday, pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Belvidere, N. J., Margaret G. Holliday,
a missionary of the Presbyterian board at Tabriz,
Persia, John H. Holliday, founder and editor of
The Indianapolis News, and Francis T. Holliday, its
publisher. The death of Rev. William A. Holliday
occurred Deo. 16, 1866, in his sixty-fourth year,
and that of Mrs. Holliday Jan. 17, 1881, in her
seventy-sixth year. She was a native of Boston,
coming from Puritan stock numbering in its branches
many eminent and worthy people of New England.
Her grandfather, with whom she lived for some
years during childhood, was the Rev. William Shaw,
for more than fifty years a pastor at Marshfield,
Mass., and she was trained in all the rugged New
Eno-land virtues. Two of her brothers settling on
the Wabash at an early day, she removed to Indiana
in 1826, making her home at Terre Haute and Car-
lisle until married.
Mrs. Holliday was a woman of rare strength and
charm of character. Prominent and devoted in her
relio-ious life, among the foremost in the benevolent
and missionary work which falls peculiarly to the
hand of woman, she yet illustrated the words of Lord
Lyttleton, that " a woman's noblest station is retreat,"
394
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and reserved for the sanctity of home and the nar-
rower circle of intimate and loving friends that
fuller exhibition of a thoroughly developed and
symmetrical life, which will cause her memory to
be cherished as a precious incense. In her girlhood
she enjoyed only the ordinary common-school edu-
cation incident to that period in the State of her
birth ; but she was all her life an omnivorous reader,
was endowed with unusual perception, and was
withal a deep and logical thinker. With these
faculties she became a woman of great and varied
information, of clear and strong judgment, and a
ready and capable conversationalist and reasoner.
Cheerfulness and sympathy were prominent traits
of her character, and these probably were the ex-
planation of the strong hold she secured and retained
upon her friends. Throughout her long life, check-
ered with hardships inseparable from the lines in
which it was cast, she ever had a smiling face, a
warm hand, a sympathetic heart for everybody. In
her Christian affection she was no " respecter of
persons," and from every walk and station of life
there came at her death the sincerest grief, because
" a friend has fallen." One of the most unselfish
of women, forgetting herself entirely to serve others,
she received the reward of a devotion from her
family, and of sincere affection from those who lived
within the influence of her deeds, which was con-
spicuous because of its rarity.
Rev. James W. McKennan succeeded Mr. Holliday
in February, 1835, and remained till 1840, when
Rev. Phineas D. Gurley followed and remained till
1849. Mr. Gurley was the cotemporary and friend
of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, pastor of the other
Presbyterian Church, — separated and by no means
generally friendly in those days like other sects, — and
in after-years, as the pastor of a church in Washington
City, attained a national reputation. For about two
years the church remained without a pastor, and then
Rev. John A. McClung, of Kentucky, was called.
He was a brother of the distinguished lawyer, politi-
cian, and duelist of Mississippi, Col. Alexander Mc-
Clung, and for many years had himself been one of
the leading lawyers of his State. At that time he was
sceptical, and is said by his friends to have converted
himself by a close study of the prophecies. Whether
this was true or not, he was more profoundly versed
in the prophecies, and treated them more frequently
and fully in his sermons, than any man that ever filled
a pulpit in Indianapolis, or probably any other city.
In his younger days he compiled a volume of stories
of the adventures of the pioneers of Kentucky called
" Western Adventures," which was a very popular
and widely-read book, though now out of print. Mr.
McClung remained here till 1855. Some years after-
wards, probably during the war, he was drowned in
the Niagara River, — some thought by suicide, — a few
miles below Buffalo. His daughter was married to a
son of P]dmund Browning, of the old Washington
Hall Hotel. Rev. T. L. Cunningham followed Mr.
McClung in October, 1855. and remained till 1858,
marrying here the daughter of Governor John Brough,
of Ohio, previously for many years president of the
Madison Railroad here. For two years the church
remained without a pastor, when Rev. John Howard
Nixon came in 1860 and remained till 1869. Rev.
R. D. Harper succeeded him, and resigned in 1876
to take charge of a church in Philadelphia. The
present pastor. Rev. Myron W. Reed, took charge of
the church in 1876.
In the old frame church on Pennsylvania Street
was conducted during most of its existence the
" Union Sunday-school," which formed so conspicu-
ous a part of the moral agencies of the early settle-
ment, and a still more conspicuous part cf the
celebration of the Fourth of July. The first meet-
ing was held on the 6th of April, 1823, in Caleb
Scudder's cabinet-shop, on the south tide of the
State- House Square. It continued through the sum-
mer, till cold weather began to come in the fall, with
about seventy pupils, — a very creditable number
for a little village in the woods of not more than five
hundred souls all told. In 1824 it was revived, and
thenceforward carried on in the Presbyterian Church,
constantly increasing in average attendance, and not
suspended on account of the weather. The average
ran up from forty the first year to fifty the next, sev-
enty-five the third, one hundred and six the fourth,
and one hundred and fifty the fifth, by which time a
library of one hundred and fifty volumes had been
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
396
accumulated of the little marble-paper backed Sun-
day-school literature of the " Shepherd of Salis-
bury Plain'' school. On April 24, 1S29, the Meth-
odists, having completed their first church, and the
first brick church in the town, drew ofi' to them- \
selves. The Baptists colonized their school in 1832, |
leaving the Presbyterians alone. In 1829 the Sun- 1
day-schools formed a prominent feature of the cele- i
bration of the Fourth of July for the first time, and !
for thirty years following were either the chief or sole
feature of that national ceremony.
The old church was abandoned in 1842, when
a new brick was built on the corner of Circle
Street and Market, the site of the present Juitrnal j
building, during the pastorate of Rev. P. D. Gurley.
After this the old house came to base uses. It was a 1
carpenter- or carriage-shop for a little while, and an j
occasional assembly-hall for chance gatherings that
could not go anywhere else. It was torn down or
moved away in 1845 or 1846. The new church was
dedicated May 6, 1843, and cost about eight thou-
sand three hundred dollars. The present structure
was begun in 1864. The west end, or chapel, con-
taining Sunday-school rooms, lecture-room, social-
room, and pastor's study, was completed and occupied
in 1866. The main building and audience-hall were
finished and opened for service Dec. 29, 1870. The
present membership of the First Church is three
hundred and sixty-five ; Sunday-school pupils, three
hundred and eighty-one ; estimated value of property,
one hundred and twenty thousand dollars.
Second Presbyterian Church. — This was better
known, even in Indianapolis, for a good many years
as " Beecher's Church." It was organized with fif-
teen members Nov. 19, 1838, in the "lecture-room,"
or main upper room, of the old seminary. Henry
Ward Beecher came as its first pastor July 31, 1839.
The old seminary room continued to be the place of
worship for over a year. On the 4th of October,
1840, the frame building erected for it on the corner
of Circle and Market Streets, directly opposite to that
occupied a year or two later by the new First Church,
was completed and dedicated, though the basement-
room was occupied previously. Thus the Second
Church was fully launched on what has proved to
be a prosperous and beneficent career. The division
was not the eflfect of any local or personal dissension,
but grew out of the same influences that produced
the separation into the " Old" and " New" School
Churches. Mr. Beecher made this church, during
seven years of its life and his, the most conspicuous
in the State. In 1843 or thereabouts he delivered
in this church on Sunday nights the " Lectures to
Young Men," which gave him his first reputation
abroad, and which were soon after republished by an
Eastern house. About the same time ho conducted
a revival, in which he secured the conversion of some
of the " fast" young men about town. A year or
two later he spoke out on the slavery issue with so
unequivocal an utterance that .some of his parishion-
ers of an adverse political inclination got up and
walked out of the house. A few left the church
altogether. At the same time, and, in fact, all the
time, he waged relentless war on liquor drinking and
selling, following up the reform movement begun here
by the " Washingtonians" under Mr. Matthews. In
the course of this discussion he was brought into col-
lision with a Mr. Comegys, of Lawrenceburg, then
an extensive distiller, but previously a clerk of the
eminent merchant, Nicholas McCarty, and a well-
known citizen here. The debate grew so acrimonious
that the distiller hinted at a personal interview and a
physical discussion, to which Mr. Beecher replied
(the correspondence appeared in the Journal) that
if his antagonist wanted to fight, he (Beecher)
" would take a woman and a Quaker for his
seconds." Mr. Beecher left the church early in the
fall of 1847, closing his pastorate on the 19th of
September.
Rev. Clement E. Babb succeeded Mr. Beecher in
the Second Church May 7, 1848, and remained till
the 1st of January, 1853. Mr. Babb was succeeded
by Rev. Thornton A. Mills, after an interval of a year,
Jan. 1, 1854, remaining till Feb. 9, 1857. He was
chosen .secretary of the committee on education of
the General Assembly, the duties of which required
his residence in New York. He died there suddenly
June 19, 1867. Rev. George P. Tindall succeeded,
Aug. 6, 1857, and remained till Sept. 27, 1863.
Rev. Hanford A. Edson, now of the Memorial
396
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Church, followed Mr. Tindall, Jan. 17, 1864. Rev.
William A. Bartlett served the church for several
years in the interval since Mr. Edson left it for his
later charf;;e, and Rev. Arthur D. Pearson succeeded
him for a short time. The present pastor is Rev.
James McLeod. The old edifice, on Circle and Mar-
ket Streets, was abandoned in December, 1867, when
the chapel of the new one, northwest corner of Penn-
sylvania and Vermont Streets, was ready for occu-
pancy. This building, one of the finest in the city
or the State, was begun in 1864, the corner-stone
laid May 14, 1866, the chapel occupied Dec. 22,
1867, and the completed edifice dedicated Jan. 9,
1870. The value of the property is now probably
one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. The
membership is eight hundred and four ; Sunday-
school pupils, six hundred and thirty-nine.
Third Presbyterian Church was organized by the
Presbytery of Muncie, at the residence of Caleb
Scudder, Sept. 23, 1851, twenty-one members of the
old First Church getting letters of dismission for that
purpose. The leading men were James Blake, Caleb
Scudder, John W. Hamilton, Horatio C. Newcomb,
Nathaniel Bolton, Dr. William Clinton Thompson,
and Charles B. Davis. They first met for worship
in Temperance Hall, — now the A'ews building, — and
erected the present church, northeast corner of Illinois
and Ohio Streets, in 1859. Rev. David Stevenson
was the first pastor. He has been succeeded by Rev.
George Heckman, Rev. Robert Slo.ss, and Rev. H.
M. Morey. Just at this time the church, now known
as the " Tabernacle,'" has no pastor. The membership
is three hundred and thirty-five. The Sunday-school,
organized Oct. 26, 1851, has two hundred and ninety-
five pupils ; the value of the property, about sixty
thousand dollars.
Fourth Presbyterian Church. — This is a colony
of the Second Church as the Third is of the First
Church, and was formed almost at the same time.
The Fourth was organized on the 30th of November,
1851, by twenty-four members of the Second Church,
who were given letters of dismission. Samuel Mer-
rill, Lawrence M. Vance, John L. Ketcham, Alex-
ander H. Davidson, Alexander Graydon, Horace
Bassett, Joseph K. Sharpe, Henry S. Kellogg were
among the prominent members in this organization.
The first pastor was Rev. George M. Maxwell, of
Blarietta, Ohio. In 1857, September 13th, a fine
church edifice was completed and dedicated on the
southwest corner of Delaware and Market Streets,
now forming part of the Baldwin Block, the congre-
gation selling it a dozen years ago and moving up
town to the northwest corner of Pratt and Pennsyl-
vania Streets. Mr. Maxwell retired from ill-health
in November, 1868, and was succeeded by Rev. A.
L. Brooks in October, 1859. He remained till 1862,
and was succeeded by Rev. Charles H. Marshall. The
present pastor is Rev. A. H. Carrier. Membership,
two hundred and twenty ; Sunday-school scholars,
two hundred and ninety ; value of property, probably
sixty thousand dollars.
Fifth Presbyterian Church is a colony of the
Third, which purchased a frame mission Sunday-
school house on Blackford Street, between Vermont
and Michigan, in the fall of 1866, and in October the
Indianapolis Presbytery authorized the organization
of the Fifth Presbyterian Church here, with eighteen
members, — twelve from the Third, one from the First,
and five from churches out of the city. The present
house, on the southwest corner of Michigan and Black-
ford Streets, was erected in 1873. The first pastor
was the Rev. William B. Chamberlin. Present pas-
tor, Rev. Joshua R. Mitchell. Membership, two hun-
dred and ninety-four; Sunday-school pupils, three
hundred and eighty ; value of property, probably
fifteen thousand dollars.
Sixth Presbyterian Church. — This church was
organized Nov. 20, 1867, with twenty-one members,
and a handsome brick house built on the northeast
corner of Union and McCarty Streets in a few years
after. The first pastor was Rev. J. B. Brandt, so long
secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association.
He had two or three successors, but the pastorate is
now vacant. The membership is seventy-five ; the
Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and sixty-two ;
value of property, probably ten thousand dollars.
Seventh Presbyterian Church. — This was origi-
nally a mission branch of the First Church on Elm
Street near Cedar. It was the suggestion of an old
member of that body, William R. Craig, who hoped
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
397
to reduce to better order a troublesome juvenile pop-
ulation of the southeast quarter of the city by the
influence of a Sunday-school. The scheme worked
well, and the mis.sion Sunday-school, established in
an old earpeuter-shop in 1865, grew into a mission
church and a new frame building, on a lot donated by
the late Calvin Fletcher and his partners in a tract of
city property, in December of that year. The parent
church gave Rev. W. W. Sickles as stated supply at
the outset, but in 1867, November 27, a church was
organized with twenty-three members. Rev. C. M.
Howard was the first pastor, who resigned in 1869,
and was succeeded for a time by Rev. J. B. Brandt,
but finally in 1870 by Rev. Charles H. Raymond.
Rev. L. G. Hay preceded him for a few months.
Pastorate vacant. Membership, two hundred and
fifty-six ; Sunday-school pupils, three hundred ; value
of property, about three thousand dollars.
Eighth Presbyterian Church ( Indianola). — Or-
ganized Oct. 1, 1871, with seven members. The first
pastor was Rev. J. R. Sutherland. Rev. T. C. Hor-
ton, stated supply. Location, northeast corner of
Market and Drake Streets. Membership, sixty ; Sun-
day-school pupils, one hundred and sixty-six ; value
of property, probably three thousand dollars.
North Presbyterian Church (Colored). — Organ-
ized Feb. 18, 1872, with fourteen members. The
first pastor was Rev. L. Faye Walker. Church dis-
solved in 1880, and reorganized as a colored Presby-
terian Church. The building is that on Michigan
Street near Tennessee, originally erected by one of
the extinct Universalist congregations. The pastor
is Rev. William A. Alexander ; membership, thirty ;
Sunday-school pupils, forty-five ; value of property,
probably oiuht thousand dollars.
Tenth Presbyterian, or Memorial Church. —
The origin of the Memorial Presbyterian Church is
to be traced to the action of the session of the
Second Presbyterian Church in the winter of 1869-
70, during the pastorate of the Rev. H. A. Edson.
It was the desire to signalize the memorial year of
Presbyterian reunion by the establishment of another
mission. At a meeting of the session, March 17,
1870, a committee was appointed to secure ground
for that purpose in the northeast quarter of the city.
Lots were accordingly purchased at the southwest
corner of Christian Avenue and Bellefontaine Street,
and a temporary building was erected. On the 8th
of May, at four o'clock p.m., the house was dedicated,
a Sabbath-school having been held there for the first
time at 8.30 A.M. of the same day. At first the
enterprise gave small promise of success. The Sun-
day-school had a vacation, and an offer for the pur-
chase of the property was favorably considered.
Better counsel, however, prevailed, and at a meeting
of the session, Oct. 13, 1870, the whole work was
committed to the Young Men's Association of the
Second Church. It was prosecuted with energy, and
in February, 1873, forty persons reported themselves
desirous of entering a formal church organization.
At a special meeting of Indianapolis Presbytery,
March 3, 1873, the project was fully considered, and
the church was constituted March 1 2th. Immediately
upon his release from his former field, Mr. Edson
began work on the new ground, holding the first
service on the first Sabbath of April. The present
site, on the northwest corner of Christian Avenue
and Ash Street, was at once purchased for a perma-
nent edifice. On the 7th of April, 1874, the corner-
stone was laid, and worship was conducted for the
first time in the chapel, March 7, 1875.
A printed report of the board of trustees, January,
1884, shows a property valued at twenty thousand
dollars, with considerable resources in real estate, and
subscriptions for the continuance and completion of
the enterprise. The officers of the society are at
present as follows : Pastor, Hanford A. Edson ;
Ruling Elders, Benjamin A. Richardson, George W.
Stubbs, Joseph G. McDowell, James H. Lowes,
William P. Ballard, Frank F. McCrea ; Deacons,
E. A. Burkert, W. J. Roach, Charles H. Libean, C.
W. Overman, P. M. Parsell, Joseph E. Cobb, H. H.
Linville, I. H. Herrington, A. J. Diddle; Trustees,
George W. Stubbs, A. G. Fosdyke, J. H. Lowes, J.
W. Elder, C. C. Pierce. Membership, three hundred
and sixteen ; Sunday-school pupils, four hundred and
fifty.
Rev. Hanford A. Edson, D.D. — The Edson
family are of English nationality, and trace their
lineage from Deacon Samuel Edson, of Bridgewater,
398
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Mass., and his wife Susanna, the former of whom
died July 9, 1692, and his wife February 20, 1699.
In the direct line of descent was Jonah, born July
10, 1751, who died July 21, 1831. To his wife
Betsey were born fourteen children, of whom Free-
man is the father of the subject of this biographical
sketch. His birth occurred Sept. 24, 1791, in West-
moreland, N. H., and his death June 24, 1883, in
his ninety-second year. He studied medicine with
Dr. Twitchell, of Keene, and also at Yale College, and
at the close of the second war with Great Britain,
in 1814, settled at Scottsville, N. Y., in the prac-
tice of his profession. Hanford A., his son, born
in Scottsville, Monroe Co., N. Y., March 14, 1837,
was named for his maternal grandfather, one of the
earliest settlers in Western New York. He enjoyed
early advantages of tuition at home and at the neigh-
boring district school, and entering the sophomore
class of Williams College, Massachusetts, graduated
from that institution in 1855. For a large part of
the three following years he was instructor in Greek
and mathematics in Geneseo Academy, New York.
In September, 1858, he was admitted to the Union
Theological Seminary, New York City, and for two
years prosecuted the study of divinity. In May,
1860, he repaired to Europe and was matriculated
in the University of Halle, where especial attention
was given to theology and philosophy under the in-
struction of Tholock, Julius Miiller, and Erdman.
After extended tours in Germany, Switzerland, Italy,
France, and England, hastened by the war, he re-
turned home. Being licensed to preach by Niagara
Presbytery at Lyndonville, Oct. 29, 1861, be assumed
charge of the Presbyterian Church at Niagara Falls,
and remained until called to the pastorate of the Sec-
ond Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, where his
labors began Jan. 17, 1864. He discontinued his
relations with this parish, and became the pastor of
the Memorial Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis,
on the 1st of April, 1873.
Dr. Edson has been the recipient of many ecclesi-
astical honors. In 1873 he represented the General
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the National
Congregational Council in New Haven, Conn. ; and,
in 1878, he was commissioned to the same duty
before the General Council of the Reformed Epis-
copal Church in Newark, N. J. He has written
largely for the press, and is the author of various
magazine articles and published sermons and ad-
dresses. Among the latter may be mentioned com-
mencement address at McLean Institute, 1864 ; com-
mencement address before the theological societies of
Marietta College, 1867 ; address at the dedication of
the library and chapel of Wabash College, 1872 ;
commencement address before the theological socie-
ties of Hanover College, 1873 ; semi-centennial ad-
dress before the synods of Indiana, 1876. His
thanksgiving sermon, Nov. 26, 1868, is said to have
given special impulse to the establishment of the
Indianapolis Public Library.
Dr. Edson was married, July 16, 1867, to Helen
M., daughter of William 0. Rockwood, Esq., of
Indianapolis, and has had the following children :
William Freeman, Mary, Hanford Wisner, Elmer
Rockwood, Helen Mar, and Caroline Moore. Of
these the four last named are living.
Eleventh Presbyterian Church, east side of
Olive, north of Willow Street. Organized April 18,
1875, with thirty-seven members. Rev. William B.
Chamberlin was the first pastor. Present supply,
Rev. C. H. Raymond. Membership, eighty-eight ;
Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and fifty ; value
of property, probably four thousand dollars.
Twelfth Presbyterian Church, south side of
Maryland Street, west of West Street. Organized
June 14, 1876, with fourteen members. First pastor,
Rev. E. L. Williams. Rev. C. C. Herriott until very
recently was pastor. Membership, one hundred and
six ; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and fifty-one ;
value of property, probably three thousand dollars.
Thirteenth Presbyterian Church. — This is a
mission of the Second Church recently organized on
Alabama Street, near the Exposition building and
fair ground.
METHODISTS.
Wesley Chapel. — The Methodists of the first set-
tlement of Indianapolis do not seem to have made a
church organization till after the Indianapolis Circuit
had been constituted by Rev. William Cravens, of the
Missouri Conference, in 1822. How long after, or
■f-^
^-^^r^^
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
399
just when, there is no record to show. As early as
1821, Rev. Jame.s Scott came here from the St. Louis
Conference and held services at private houses, and
on the 12th of September, 1822, a camp-meeting was
held on the farm of James Givan, on what is now
East Washington Street, near the Deaf and Dumb
Asylum. It was probably at this time that the
Indianapolis Circuit, in connection with the Missouri
Conference, was constituted. In 1825 there was a
division of the Conference, and this circuit was
attached to the Illinois Conference. At this time the
Blethodists of the town had an organization, and
probably had had for a couple of years. In that year
they rented a hewed log house on the south side of
Maryland Street, on the corner of the alley east of the
east end of the Grand Hotel, and worshiped there till
they removed to the first old brick church on the
southwest corner of Circle and Meridian Streets in
1829. This first building cost them three thousand
dollars, and remained till the walls cracked in 18-16,
when it was replaced by Wesley Chapel at a cost of
ten thousand dollars.
From the first visit of a Methodist preacher here
in 1821, till the division of the church in 1842-43,
was a period of twenty years of primitive Methodism,
— extempore sermons, "lined out" hymns, congrega-
tional singing, separation of the sexes in church, and
a sort of clerical uniform for the preachers resem-
bling a little the Quaker fashion. During this now
historical period the appointments to this circuit will
be interesting :
Preacher. Presidhiy iHder.
1821. ..Rev. Win. Cravens (circuit). None.
1822-23. ..Rev. Jas. Scott (circuit). Rev. Samuel Hamilton.
1823-24...Rev. Jesse Hale and Rev. " William Beaucbamp.
George Horn (circuit).
1825 ..Rev. John Miller (circuit). " John Strange.
1825-26. ..Rev. Thomas Hewston " "
(circuit).
1826-27. ..Rev. Edwin Ray (cir- " " "
cuit).
1827-28...Rev. N.Griffith (circuit). " " "
1828-29. ..Rev. James Armstrong " " "
(stationed).
1829-32. ..Rev. Thomas Hitt (sta- " Allen AViley.
tioned).
1832-33. ..Rev. Benjamin 0. Ste- " John Strange.
venson (stationed).
1833...Rev.C.W.Kuter(stationed). " Allen Wiley.
]S:!3-3J...Rev. C. W. Ruter (sta- " James Havens.
tioned).
Preacher. Pretulimj Elder.
1834-35. ..Rev. Edward R. Ames Rev. James Havens.
(stationed).
1835-36. ..Rev. J. C. Smith (sta- <
tioned).
1836-37,..Rev. A. Eddy (stationed). •' " "
1837-38. ..Rev. J. C. Smith (sta- " A.Eddy.
tioned).
1838-39...Rev. A. Wiley (stationed). " " "
1839-40... " " ■' " " .<
lS40-41...Kev. W. H. Goode (sta- '■ James Havens.
tioned).
1841-42.. .Rev. W. H. Goode (sta- '• " "
tioned).
There are but few survivors of this early period
of the Methodist Church here. Rev. John C. Smith
is still living in the city, and a few years ago pub-
lished an interesting book of reminiscences of the
prominent preachers and the religious condition of
the country at that time. Rev. Greenly H.
McLaughlin, though too young to be in the min-
istry then, was a member of the church and well
remembers the early incidents of its history.
Rev. Greenly H. McLaughlin. — The great-
grandfather of the subject of this sketch was James,
a native of Scotland, who married Nancy Franklin,
and emigrating to America settled near Richmond,
Va. Among their children was John, who was born
in Virginia, and married Miss Herod, a native of
Virginia. Their children were James, Francis, John,
William, Nancy, and Mary. John, with his family,
removed from Virginia to Pittman's Station, Ky., in
1781. His son William, father of the subject of
this biography, was born in Virginia Dec. 19, 1779,
and died March 26, 1836. He was reared in Ken-
tucky, and later in life removed to Ohio. He mar-
ried, Dec. 31, 1812, Miss Elizabeth Hannaman. Her
grandfather was Christopher Hahnemann, born in
Germany, who had seven children, among whom was
John, born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1769,
and died Nov. 15, 1832. He married Susannah
Beebe, born June 11, 1771, who died April 2, 1842.
Their children were thirteen in number, of whom
Judge Robert L., of Knoxville, 111., is the only sur-
vivor and now in his eightieth year. Elizabeth, their
eleventh child, was born in Scioto County, Ohio,
Nov. 4, 1795, and died Feb. 3, 1880. She married,
as above, William McLaughlin, and had children,—
400
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Susannah, Euphemia W., Greenly H., Nancy R.,
William H., Elizabeth J., and Maria G.
William McLaughlin, who was a soldier of the
war of 1812, bought the quarter-section two miles
southeast of the court-house, on which the subject of
this sketch now resides, at the land-sales at Brook-
ville, in July, 1821, before the lands of the " New
Purchase" were subject to entry. There was then
no road or " trace" through it, and it was regarded as
not first choice ; hence he was permitted to bid it oflf
at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. This,
however, nearly absorbed his entire capital, leaving
only a few dollars for the expenses incident to mov-
ing and fixing up. In September of that year he
moved upon this purchase and took up his abode in a
temporary camp. This soon gave way, however, to a
first-class cabin of rouud logs, eighteen by twenty
feet, which for several years did the compound duty
of kitchen, parlor, and bedroom, to which was often
added the further service of tavern and meeting-
house.
Greenly was at this time four years old, having
been born in Fayette County, Ohio, Dec. 24, 1817,
His great-grandfather being a Scotch Catholic and
his great-grandmother a Scotch Presbyterian, to set-
tle all probable discords on account of differences on
religion, it was agreed in advance that the boys who
should be born of the* marriage should be educated
in the Catholic faith and the girls in the faith of
their mother. But the pair moved to America and
settled near Richmond, Va., before there was much
occasion to carry out this agreement, and all in the
third generation became Protestants through maternal
influence.
Mr. McLaughlin, though only four years old when
his father moved from their temporary sojourn (from
1819 to 1821) in Rush County to a more permanent
home in Marion, remembers the peculiar trials and
pleasures incident to what pioneer life then was in
the midst of a dense forest. He recalls the abun-
dance of game and of snakes, and to have seen In-
dians as they passed to and fro through the country.
He remembers that his father once shot a deer stand-
ing in his own door-yard, and such was the abundance
of squirrels that the killing of them partook more of
drudgery than of sport, for if left unmolested they
would entirely destroy the small patches of corn
that grew in the midst of the heavy timber every-
where abounding. To aid in protecting the crop
the children who were too young to handle guns
were armed with immense rattles, called horse-
fiddles, and sent frequently through the field to
drive the thievish " varmints" away. He recalls
the primitive schools and the primitive school-houses
with the primitive teacher and his primitive rod
and ferule. The structures were made of round
logs, with doors of clapboards hung on wooden
hinges, and with no light except that which strug-
gled through greased paper in the absence of glass.
Nearly one entire end was devoted to the fireplace.
Such at least was the one which stood on the iden-
tical spot now occupied by Mr. McLaughlin's ele-
gant residence, and in which he'obtained the knowl-
edge of a, b, c, and other intricacies of the spelling-
book. To the ordinary appointments of such houses,
the dimensions being eighteen by twenty feet, was
added a pulpit in the end opposite to the fireplace, in
which the early Methodist, Baptist, and other preach-
ers very frequently expounded the Word to the sturdy
yeomanry of the country, and this school-house be-
came so much of a religious centre that it was fol-
lowed by a neat hewed-log and then a frame church
on the same farm, and the first camp-meeting ever
held in Marion County was held here in 1826, under
the management of Rev. John Strange.
The elder McLaughlin and his wife brought with
them their membership in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and soon after their arrival the first class of
that church was formed in Indianapolis, of which
they became members. His piety and talents were
such that he became a leader and exhorter in the
church, and was extensively useful as such during the
remainder of his life, which ended in 1836. It is
hardly to be wondered that under these circumstances,
with such a home, a frequent-lodging place for the
itinerants of those days, Greenly grew up a Meth-
odist of a most pronounced type, nor surprising that
four out of five of his sisters became wives of Meth-
odist preachers.
As Greenly advanced in years the educational advan-
^^4,.^t-^L^
CHURCHES OP INDIANAPOLIS.
401
tages of the home log school-house were supplemented
by occasional attendance at some of the better schools
in the town. He finally became a pupil at the " Old
Seminary," adding frequent turns at teaching in the
neighboring districts both as a means of turning an
honest penny and as further developing his own mind.
In the summer of 1840, Mr. McLaughlin entered
Indiana Asbury University with the intention of srad-
uating at that young institution. He was then nearly
twenty-three years of age, with a religious character
well established, and a fund of theological knowledge
much above the average of men of his age just from
the plow ; hence, when the next year he was licensed
to preach the gospel, it is not strange that he at once
took a high rank among the student preachers of that
institution. Such was the demand for his gratuitous
pulpit labors, even at that age, that his studies were
seriously interfered with though he held a respectable
standing in his class, and at the expiration of two
years he yielded to the importunities of friends and
gave up his college life altogether to enter upon the
pastoral work in the Indiana Conference. His stand-
ing as a preacher may be readily inferred from the
class of appointments received. He was welcomed at
such places as Knightstown, Shelbyville, Brookville,
Rushville, and Vincennes. While at Vincennes in
1847 he was tendered the important work of chaplain
to the port of Canton, China, under the auspices of
The American Seamen's Friend Society, but his health
not being sufficiently robust to justify such a mission,
he declined. In 1849 he was solicited by Bishop
Janes to take a part in the interest of the Methodist
Episcopal Church at St. Louis, Mo., but this he also
declined for the same reason.
After seven years of successful labor in the pastoral
work, including one year as agent for Asbury Univer-
sity, he sought rest and recuperation by returning to
country life on the old farm where he now lives. He
immediately gave himself to the work of a local
preacher while engaged in the work of farming, and
has been extensively useful and acceptable in this field.
Meanwhile his health improved, but again relapsed, so
that he never felt sufficiently strong to assume the
work of a pastor.
Mr. McLausrhlin is an industrious and successful
farmer, as he was, while so engaged, a successful and
industrious pastor. In the.se years of comparative
retirement he has kept well read in the theology and
literature of his church, after contributing to the col-
umns of the church periodicals valuable papers on
theological and ecclesiastical subjects. He lives still
on the farm purchased by his father more than sixty
years ago, and to which he came when a boy of only
four years. He is among the few who have witnessed
the growth of the city of Indianapolis from the be-
ginning.
He was married, June 1, 1854, to Mary M. Ball, of
Eu,sh County, taking one of the three daughters
of the family, all of whom became wives of Meth-
odist preachers. The children of this marriage have
been four in number. Zopher Ball, the great-grand-
father of Mrs. McLaughlin, was a soldier of the Rev-
olution and resided in Washington County, Pa. He
had five sons, — Henry, Caleb, Dennis, Abel, and
Isaiah, all of whom were patriots. Caleb, who served in
the war of 1812, married Phoebe Walton, of Mercer
County, Pa., where he settled early in the present
century. His children were Amos, Jonathan, Caleb,
Henry, William, Sarah, Mercy, and Aseneth. Jona-
than Ball, of this number, was born in Washington
County, Pa., Jan. 2, 1797, and removed to Rush
County, Ind., in 1835. He later became a resident
of Henry County, and died May 13, 18B7, in his
seventy-first year. He married Aseneth Moore, and
had children, — Samuel. Henry, Demas, William, Mary
M., Phoebe, Cyrus, Caleb, and Emily, of whom Mary
M., born May 8, 1830, is married, as above stated, to
Mr. McLaughlin. Their children arc Olin S., a suc-
cessful hardware merchant at Knightstown, Ind., and
Wilbur W., yet a minor attending Butler University,
and at intervals assisting on the farm, and two who
died in infancy.
In 1842-43 the station here was divided, and
a new church called Roberts' Chapel was formed.
In 1846, as above noted, Wesley Chapel replaced the
old church, and was itself sold in 1809 and converted
into the Sentinel building, now changed to a block of
business houses.
Meridian Methodist Church.— After the sale of
Wesley Chapel in 1869 the congregation worshiped
402
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
in the Michigan Street Church, built by the Univer-
salits, and now a colored Presbyterian Church. It
stands on the southwest corner of Meridian and
New York Streets. It is of stone, costing about one
hundred thousand dollars, and finished in 1870. A
brick parsonage is connected with it, which cost about
eight thousand dollars. The full membership num-
bers five hundred and eighty-seven, with ten on pro-
bation ; Sunday-school attendance, about four hun-
dred. The school has no circulating library, but pro-
vides all necessary books and charts for all the pupils.
The annual contributions for benevolent purposes,
exclusive of five thousand dollars annual expenses, is
over one thousand dollars. Rev. John Alabaster,
D.D., is pastor. His residence is No. 25 West New
York Street ; presiding elder, Rev. John K. Pye.
Roberts' Chapel. — Indianapolis station having
been divided in lS-12 into western and eastern
charges, the latter went out from the old hive, and
formed an organization, calling itself Roberts' Chapel
congregation. In 1S43-44 a church building was
erected on the northeast corner of Market and Penn-
sylvania Streets, at a cost of ten thousand dollars,
which was at that time the most imposing church
edifice in the city, except possibly the second build-
ing of the First Presbyterian Church, built very
nearly at the same time. In the square base of the
spire was set the first town clock in the city, made
by John Mofiitt, and paid for by a special tax. The
Rev. John S. Bayliss was the first pastor. In the
basement of this church the first course of lectures
ever delivered in the city was given. Here Governor
Henry S. Foote, of Mississippi, lectured a .short time
before the war. Here Jonathan Green, the " re-
formed gambler," lectured on his first visit. In
1868 the old church, then just a quarter of a cen-
tury old, was sold, and incorporated in one of the
Martindale blocks, now occupied by the counting-
room of the Journal newspaper.
Roberts' Park Church. — During the time after
the sale of the old chapel till the occupancy of the
new church the congregation held services in a frame
building near the site of the new one. The latter was
completed fiir enough for use in 1870. It is of
dressed limestone, cost one hundred and fifty thou-
sand dollars, including the lot, and is said to be " the
finest free-seat church in the United States." The
present pastor is Rev. Ross C. Houghton, D.D. The
number of members, eight hundred and ninety-one ;
Sunday-school pupils, six hundred and three ; super-
intendent, H. C. Newcomb ; presiding elder. Rev.
John Poucher.
California Street Church. — This congregation
was originally formed in 1845, for the benefit of the
region west of the canal, and called the " western
charge." The first preacher was Rev. Wesley Dor-
sey. A frame building on Michigan Street, west of
the canal, was built, and called "Strange Chapel,"
after John Strange, the third presiding elder in this
circuit, in 1825. Soon after the building was re-
moved to Tennessee Street, near Vermont. In 1869
a difiBculty occurred in the church in consequence of
the desire of some of the prominent members, who
had contributed largely to the purchase of the lot
and building, to reintroduce the old fashion of the
church, — separation of the sexes and congregational
singing. A resolution to this effect was adopted, and
about half of the congregation withdrew. In the
same year the lot on West Michigan Street was sold,
and a new brick church built at a cost of thirteen
thousand dollars, dedicated Jan. 9, 1870. The
" Primitive Methodists" bought the lot, or donated
it to the ciiurch, and made it a condition of the deed
that the old ways should be adhered to. On Sunday,
the 8th of January, 1871, however, the church took
fire, and was burned to the bare walls, and sold. The
congregation had divided before the catastrophe on
the question of receiving the pastor assigned by the
Conference, Rev. Luther M. Walters, the dissenting
portion occupying the abandoned Universalist Church,
previously used by Meridian Church congregation.
After the fire the part of the congregation still
adhering together occupied Kuhn's Hall, with Mr.
Walters as pastor. The completion of arrangements
for a new church suggested a change of name from
that which distinguished so inauspicious a career as
that of Strange Chapel, and St. John's Church was
adopted. A lot was purchased on the southwest
corner of California and North Streets for fourteen
hundred dollars, and a buildinii erected to cost about
CHURCHES OP INDIANAPOLIS.
403
twenty thousand dollars, now estimated, including
the lot, at only ten thousand dollars. There are two
hundred full members and ten on probation. The
Sunday-school has about two hundred pupils, with
a similar provision of books to that of Meridian
Street. Annual expenses, about fifteen hundred
dollars ; benevolent contributions, about one hundred
dollars. Present pastor. Rev. W. B. Collins, 297
North California Street.
Fletcher Place (formerly Asbury) Churcli was
first organized, in a school-house on South Street
near South New Jersey, by Rev. S. T. Cooper, in
1849, and John Dickinson, William L. Wingate,
Samuel M. Sibert, Samuel P. Daniels, and John
Day were the first board of trustees. Of the origi-
nal members there remains six, — John Dickinson
and wife, Mrs. Nancy Ford, Mrs. Ellen Smith, Mrs.
Montieth, Mrs. Tabitha Plank. It was first organ-
ized under the name of Depot and East Indianapolis
Mission. In 1850 it was called Depot Charge. In
1852 it was called Asbury Chapel, and in 1856 Asbury
Church. In 1874 its name was changed to Fletcher
Place Methodist Church. The first church building
was located on South New Jersey Street, near South
Street. It was begun in 1850 and completed in
1852. The present church, a fine brick structure, is
located on the corner of South and East Street. It
was built about ten years ago, but not fully com-
pleted till later. It is valued at thirty-five thousand
dollars. The membership, which at first was less than
sixty, is now over five hundred. The present pastor
is Rev. J. H. Doddridge, B.D. The Sabbath-school
has at present on the roll eight hundred and forty-
nine members. The officers are A. C. May, superin-
tendent; Mrs. H. Furgeson, assistant; Miss Mollie
Roberts, treasurer; Miss Mary Brown, secretary;
P. M. Gallihue, chorister; W. T. Ellis, Jr., libra-
rian.
Ames Methodist Church, formerly South City
Mission, is located at the head of Union Street, at
the intersection of Merrill Street and Madison Ave-
nue. It was organized by twelve members in Feb-
ruary, 1867, a mission having been maintained
since July of the year before by Rev. Joseph Tar-
kington, in an unfinished frame on Norwood and
South Illinois Streets, till cold weather, and then in
an unoccupied grocery-room on MadLson Avenue.
About the time the church was organized, a Sunday-
school was formed. Though flourishing well in a
moral aspect, the young church was financially strait-
ened, and the trouble continued till the pastor. Rev.
Mr. Walters, made a resolute push out of it, and
bought the present site and building of the Itidianap-
olois mission Sunday-school for five thousand dollars.
Repairs were made to the amount of fifteen hundred
dollars, and a good sale of a lot owned by the church
on South Illinois Street enabled it to pay olT most of
the whole expense. It has now two hundred and five
full members, seven on probation, and about two hun-
dred pupils in the Sunday-school. Annual expense,
about twelve hundred dollars ; benevolent contribu-
tions, one hundred and twenty-five dollars ; present
pastor, Rev. C. E. Asbury ; value of property, about
five thousand dollars.
Blackford Street Church, located on the south-
east corner of Blackford and Market Streets, built in
1873-74; property valued at four thousand dollars;
membership, one hundred and twenty-five; proba-
tioners, forty-three ; Sunday-school pupils, one hun-
dred ; annual expenses, seven hundred dollars, and
aided by Meridian Church; Rev. T. H. Lynch, pastor.
The presiding elder. Rev. Dr. Poucher, says, " These
churches are all out of debt, and have all improved
largely in the last three months."
Grace Church, on the northeast corner of Market
and East Streets, was organized in September, 1868, on
therequestof a number of Methodists "residing in and
near Indianapolis," as their memorial to the Confer-
ence stated. They believed five thousand dollars
could be raised for a suitable church building, and
promised to " go forward at once in the enterprise of
building a church for the use of such congregation."
Rev. W. H. Mendenhall was appointed to the charge,
held the first quarterly meeting 19th and 20th of
September, 1868, and at the close, one hundred
members of Roberts' Chapel united with the mission.
The first quarterly Conference was organized Sept.
22, 1868. A site for a church was obtained at once,
a house erected, and on the 21st of February, 1869,
was dedicated by Bishop Clark. Present pastor,
404
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Rev. S. G. Bright ; membership, three hundred and
thirteen ; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and
fifty ; teachers, sixteen ; probable value of property,
eighteen thousand dollars.
Third Street Church, on the north side of Third
Street between Illinois and Tennessee, was organized
from a class of thirty-six, led by Jesse Jones, in
1864. A site was purchased in 1866, and a building
commenced for a mission church, under the direction
of Ames Institute. Finding themselves unable to
finish it, the young men of the institute gave it up
to Mr. Jones, who completed it at his own expense.
It was dedicated Sept. 8, 1867, by Rev. (now bishop)
Thomas Bowman. The present pastor is Rev. E. B.
Rawls ; membership, one hundred and fifty-four ;
Sunday-school pupils, two hundred and twenty,
under Superintendent Wollever.
East Seventh Street Church, organized in 1874 ;
church building is a frame ; membership, two hundred
and fifty-six ; Sunday-school pupils, two hundred and
twelve ; pastor, M. L. Wells ; school superintendent,
H. C. Durbin ; value of property, nine thousand
dollars.
Central Avenue Church was organized in June,
1877. It was formed by the consolidation of
Trinity and Massachusetts Avenue Churches, both
of which were located in the northeastern part of
the city. The consolidated organization leased an
eligible lot situate on the northeast corner of Cen-
tral Avenue and Butler Street, and removed to it the
building formerly occupied by the Massachusetts
Avenue Society. This building was enlarged so as
to comfortably accommodate the membership of the
church. The lot has since been purchased, and is
now owned by the church. It is the present plan of
the society to erect at an early date a plain and sub-
stantial church edifice. The location of the church
is an excellent one, and by careful and prudent man-
agement Central Avenue Church will, without doubt,
be one of the largest and most effective organizations
of the denomination in this city. Number of mem-
bers, three hundred and seventy ; value of church
property, ten thousand dollars ; names of former
pastors. Rev. B. F. Morgan, Rev. Reuben Andrus,
D.D., Rev. J. N. Beard ; present pastor, Rev. Abijah
Marine, D.D. ; total number of officers and teachers
in the Sunday-school, thirty-six ; scholars, three
hundred and fifty ; Sunday-school officers, superin-
tendent, W. D. Cooper ; assistant superintendents,
W. B. Barry, Mrs. C. T. Nixon ; secretary, H. Gr.
Harmaman ; treasurer, Miss Sallie Pye ; librarian,
Jefferson Cuylor.
Edwin Ray Church, southwest corner of Wood-
lawn Avenue and Linden Street; organized in 1874;
frame building ; membership, one hundred and fifty-
two ; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and fifty ;
John Jones, school superintendent ; pastor. Rev.
William B. Clancy.
Coburn Street Church, on northwest corner of
Coburn and McKernan Streets.
Simpson Chapel, corner of Howard and Second
Streets ; pastor. Rev. Charles Jones.
First German Church, southwest comer of New
York and New Jersey Streets; pastor. Rev. Otto
Wilke ; organized in 1849, with fifteen members. The
first church building was erected in 1850 on Ohio
Street, between New Jersey and East. The first trus-
tees were William Hannaman, Henry Tutewiler, John
Keeper, Frederick Truxess, and John B. Stumph.
A more commodious building was needed, and in
1869 was erected on the present site, which was pur-
chased in December, 1868. The dedication took
place on the 17th of April, 1871, the ceremonies
being conducted by Professor Loebenstein (of Berea
College, Ohio), Dr. William Nast, and Rev. H. Lie-
bert. The membership is about two hundred and
fifty, and the Sunday-school has over two hundred
pupils. The value of the church property is about
thirty thousand dollars.
Second German Church, northeast comer of
Prospect and Spruce Streets ; pastor. Rev. John
Bear.
North Indianapolis Church. — No pastor and no
report of Sunday-school attendance. Brightioood
Church, not included in the statements of either of
the Conferences which divide Indianapolis and Centre
township.
COLORED METHODISTS.
Forty-eight years ago, among the earliest churches
i of the city following the pioneer bodies, a colored
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
405
Methodist Church was organized here, called Bethel
Chapel now. It stood on Georgia Street, fronting
the open ground to the south, which then extended
with hardly a hreak by house or fence to the river.
The house was a cheap little frame, erected about the
year 1840-41, and the leading man was the late
Augustus Turner. Rev. W. R. Revels, brother of
the United States senator from Mississippi, was
pastor for four years, from 18G1 to 1865. For a
number of years after the completion of the first
little church Rev. Paul Quinn, of Baltimore (^later a
bishop of the Colored Methodist Church, and a man
of marked ability, and as highly esteemed even in
those days as any of his white coadjutors), visited the
city and preached there. His arrival was the signal
for a revival, and many a peculiarly enthusiastic time
have the brethren had on the floor while the sedate
old bishop stood in the pulpit and looked compla-
cently on, but never giving any encouragement to the
boisterous glory of the especially ecstatic members.
In 1857, when the first Episcopal Church was re-
moved to make way for the present edifice, it was
bought by the Bethel Church and moved to Georgia
Street, where it was burned in two or three years.
The congregation now has a fine brick edifice on Ver-
mont Street, northeast corner of Columbia ; pastor,
Rev. Morris Lewis : membership, about six hundred,
Sunday-school pupils, about three hundred.
Allen Church, east side of Broadway, north of
Cherry. West Mission, west side of Blackford
Street, near North.
Zion Church, ou the northeast corner of Black-
ford and North Streets, Rev. Thomas Manson pastor.
The colored churches belong to the Lexington Con-
ference.
METHODIST PEOTESTANT CHURCH,
on the southeast corner of Dillon Street and Hoyt
Avenue, Rev. Seymore S. Stanton pastor.
CHRISTIANS.
Central Chapel. — This is the oldest religious or-
ganization in the city after the three pioneer churches
of the three leading denominations at that time. It
was made on the 12th of June, 1833. Rev. John
O'Kane, who died but two or three years ago in Mis-
souri, visited the city in the fall of 1832, and gave
the first impulse to the organization. Of the original
twenty members there are none living now but Mrs.
Zerelda Wallace, widow of Governor Wallace. Mr.
O'Kane and Rev. Love H. Jameson visited the infant
church occasionally, as they had an opportunity, and
in 1834 or 1835 Rev. James McVey came and held
a protracted meeting in the lower room of the old
seminary, then recently completed; and won quite an
addition of converts. The leading members in the
early days of the organization were Robert A. Tay-
lor (father of Judge Taylor, of the Superior Court),
Dr. John H. Sanders (father of Mrs. Governor Wal-
lace, Mrs. R. B. Duncan, Mrs. D. S. Beaty, and Mrs.
Dr. Gatling, of gun fame), Ovid Butler, James Sul-
grove, Leonard Woollen, Cyrus T. Boaz, John Wool-
len, Charles Secrist. The preachers who visited the
church most frequently were, as already noted. Rev.
Johu O'Kane, subsequently noted as a debater in the-
ological duels with logical arms. Rev. Love H. Jame-
son, Rev. John L. Jones, very recently deceased after
long years of partial or total blindness. Rev. Michael
Combs, Rev. Andrew Prather, Rev. Thomas Lock-
hart, and Rev. T. J. Matlock. On the 18th of
March, 1839, Rev. Chauncey Butler, father of the
late Ovid Butler, founder of Butler University, served
as pastor for about a year, and Butler K. Smith, a
blacksmith on Delaware Street, whose residence stood
where the present Central Chapel stands, occasionally
preached. He subsequently devoted himself wholly
to the ministry, and made a very able and efiSoient
preacher. The first regular pastor was Rev. Love H.
Jameson, who took charge Oct. 1, 1842, and remained
till 1853.
Love H. Jameson was born in Jefferson County,
May 17, 1811, of Virginia parents, who came to
Kentucky, the ftither in 1795, the mother in 1803.
In 1810 they settled on Indian Kentucky Creek,
in Jefferson County. He was educated at a country
school in winter, and helped his father on the farm
in summer from 1818 to 1828. He began preaching
on Christmas eve, 1829. He taught himself the
classic languages to such a degree of proficiency as to
entitle himself to the degree of A.M. from Butler
University, and also made himself equally familiar
with music, which he occasionally taught in the city
406
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
after he became pastor of the church here. He was
married first in 1837 to Miss Elizabeth M. Clark,
who dropped dead in the garden when seemingly in
perfect health, on 18th June, 1841. In the summer
of 1842 he married his present wife, Miss Elizabeth
K. Robinson, and brought her with him to Indian-
apolis when he first came to assume his pastorate.
He has one son still living by his first wife, and seven
children by his second, of whom two sons are dead.
Mr. Jameson served for many years as trustee of the
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and was one of the fore-
most of those engaged with Mr. Butler in founding
the Nonliwcstern Christian (now Butler) University.
During the war he was chaplain of the Seventy-ninth
Regiment, Col. Fred. Knefler, and after nearly two
years of service resigned from ill health and general
disability, for which he is now in receipt of a moder-
ate pension. Since his retirement from the pastorate
of the First Christian Church, in 1853, he has been
chiefly engaged in serving congregations throughout
the county, and occasionally in remote localities. Last
fall he went to Europe, at the invitation of a Mr.
Coop, a member of the church, a wealthy English-
man living at Southport. He will make a tour of
Europe and the Holy Land before he returns.
In the summer of 1836 the church built its first
house of worship on Kentucky Avenue, about half-
way between Maryland and Georgia Streets, on the
southeast side. Here the church remained till 1852,
when the present Central Chapel, southwest corner of
Delaware and Ohio Streets, was completed. In that
year, or the year before. Rev. Alexander Campbell
visited the city and preached in Masonic Hall, the
only visit he ever made here. The present pastor of
Central Chapel is Rev. David Walk. The number of
members is seven hundred and fifty-two ; of Sunday-
school pupils, about four hundred ; value of property,
probably fifty thousand dollars.
Second Church. (Colored), corner Fifth and Illi-
nois Street; organized in 1868. Present pastor,
LeRoy Redd ; present membership, seventy-five ;
Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and twenty ;
value of property, probably three thousand dollars.
Third Church, corner Ash Street and Home
Avenue; organized Jan. 1, 1869. First pastor.
Elijah Goodwin. Charter members, seventy ; pres-
ent pastor, S. B. Moore ; present membership, two
hundred and thirty-seven ; Sunday-school, about two
hundred pupils ; value of property, about ten thou-
sand dollars.
Fourth Church, corner Pratt and West Streets,
organized in 1867. First pastor, John B. New.
The present pastor is E. P. Wise; present mem-
bership, one hundred ; Sunday-school, one hundred
and fifty ; value of property, about five thousand
dollars.
The Fifth Church, Olive Branch, was organized
in 1868, but lost its meeting-house in the fall of
1880, and the members were scattered to the other
churches, principally to the First and Sixth.
Sixth Church, corner Elm and Pine Streets,
organized Feb. 14, 1875. Pastor, no regular.
Present pastor, J. W. Conner ; present membership,
two hundred and twelve. •
CATHOLICS.
The following account of the Catholic Churches
and Institutions of Indianapolis is furnished for
this work by the kindness of Rev. Dennis O'Don-
oughue, chancellor of the diocese.
The first Catholic Church in Indianapolis was
built in 1840 by the Rev. Vincent Bacquelin, then
residing in Shelbyville, in this State. It was called
Holy Cross Church, and was situated near West
between Washington and Market Streets. Father
Bacquelin was killed by a fall from his horse, Sept.
2, 1846, in a wood near Shelbyville. His successor
was the Rev. John McDermott, who had charge of
Holy Cross Church for .several years. The next
clergyman in charge was the Rev. Patrick J. R.
Murphy, who was transferred to another congrega-
tion in 1848. He was succeeded by the Rev. John
Gueguen, who commenced the erection of the old
St. John's Church in 1850. This edifice fronted on
Georgia Street, and was located on the spot where
the bishop's residence now stands. Father Gueguen
was succeeded by the Rev. Daniel Moloney, who, in
1857, built an addition to the church. This same
year the Rev. A. Bessonies took charge of the con-
gregation, a position which he still retains.
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
407
The Sisters of Providence built a youDg ladies'
academy on the corner of Georgia and Tennessee
Streets, in 1858, which they occupied until their
present academy was built in 1873. The school
building for boys was commenced in 1865, and was
completed the following year, when the Brothers of
the Sacred Heart took charge of the school. The
pastoral residence was built in 1863, and was enlarged
by Bishop Chatard, when he took up bis residence
here in 1878.
The present St. John's Church, fronting on Ten-
nessee Street, was commenced in 1867. It is the
largest church edifice in the city, measuring two hun-
dred and two feet in length and having a seating
capacity of one thousand six hundred. St. John's
congregation numbers at present four thousand souls.
The parish schools are attended by five hundred chil-
dren. There are several religious and benevolent
societies attached to the congregation, of which the
following are the principal : The Sodality for men,
established in 1860, with a membership of one hun-
dred ; the Living Rosaiy Society for women, having
one hundred and thirty-two members ; the Young
Ladies' Sodality, organized in 1877, with eighty-five
members ; the Cathedral Altar Society, two hundred
and twenty-five members; Boys' Sodality, seventy
members ; Sodality of the Children of Mary, one
hundred and fifty members ; Total Abstinence Society,
eighty members ; Kuights of Father Mathew, seventy
members ; Catholic Knights of America, one hundred
members ; the St. Vincent de Paul Society for the
relief of the poor, composed of men and women,
seventy-five members.
St. Mary's German Catholic Church, situate
near the corner of Maryland and Delaware Streets,
was commenced in 1857, and was opened for service
the following year by the Rev. L. Brandt, its first
pastor. The next pastor was the Rev. Simon Siegrist,
who had charge of the congregation until his death, in
1879. He was succeeded by the Rev. A. Scheideler,
the present pastor. The congregation has large school
buildings for boys and girls. St. Mary's Academy
was built in 1876 by the Sisters of St. Francis from
Oldonburgh, in this State, at a cost of forty thousand
dollars. The pastoral residence attached to the church
was built in 1871, at a cost of eight thousand five
hundred dollars.
St. Mary's congregation numbers one thousand five
hundred souls. There are three hundred and ten
children attending the parish .schools. The following
religious and benevolent societies are attached to the
congregation : St. Mary's Altar Society, two hundred
members ; St. Joseph's Aid Society, one hundred and
forty members; St. Boniface Aid Society, one hundred
and ten members ; St. Rose's Young Ladies' Sodality,
one hundred and fifty members ; St. Anthony's Church
and School Society, seventy-five members.
St. Patrick's congregation was formed in 1865.
That year the congregation built a church at the ter-
minus of Virginia Avenue, of which the Rev. Joseph
Petit was the first pastor. He was succeeded by the
Rev. P. R. Fitzpatrick in 1869, who commenced the
erection of a new church the following year. St.
Patrick's Church is built of brick, and is in the form
of a cross, Gothic style, with a spire of neat design
over the intersection of the transept. It is one hun-
dred and ten feet in length and has a seating capacity
of six hundred -and fifty. The present pastor is the
Rev. H. O'Neill, who succeeded the late Father Mc-
Dermott in 1882. The congregation numbers one
thousand four hundred souls. There are two parish
schools, attended by two hundred children. The boys'
school is under the management of the Brothers of
the Sacred Heart ; the girls' school is taught by the
Sisters of Providence in the building formerly used
as a church. The following are the societies attached
to the church : St. Patrick's Altar Society, one hun-
dred and twenty members ; Young Ladies' Sodality,
one hundred and sixty members ; Men's Sodality, one
hundred and thirty members ; Children of Mary So-
ciety, sixty members ; St. Patrick's Benevolent Society,
forty members.
St. Joseph's congregation was organized in 1873
by the Rev. Joseph Petit. He erected a two-story
building on East Vermont Street, which was to serve
as church, school, and pastoral residence. He re-
signed in 1874, and was succeeded by Rev. F. M.
Mousset, and later by Rev. E. J. Spelman. This
building was afterwards remodeled by Bishop de St.
Palais and converted into a diocesan seminary. St.
408
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Joseph's congregation, in 1880, purchased ground on
the corner of North and Noble Streets, and built the
new church in which they now worship. This church
is of Gothic style, one hundred and thirty feet in
length, and cost seventeen hundred dollars. A pas-
toral residence was built in 1881 costing two thousand
five hundred dollars. A large school building has
just been erected by the Sisters of Providence, which
is to serve as a parish school for boys and girls of this
congregation. The number of children in attendance
is about two hundred. The congregation numbers
twelve hundred souls. The Rev. H. Alerding is the
pastor. He has had charge of the congregation since
1874. The following societies are attached to the
congregation : St. Aloysius Society for Boys, thirty
members ; Children of Mary, forty members ; St.
Joseph's Confraternity for Young Men, fifty mem-
bers ; Society of the Immaculate Conception, one
hundred and six members ; St. Michael's Confrater-
nity for Men, forty-five members ; St. Ann's Confra-
ternity for Married Women, eighty-five members ;
St. Joseph's Association, four hundred members.
The Church of the Sacred Heart, for the German
Catholics living in the southern part of the city, was
built in 1875, and is situate on the corner of Union
and Palmer Streets. The building first erected, and
which served as a church, school, and monastery, be-
came insufficient, and a new church was commenced
in the summer of the present year. It is not yet
completed, but will be soon opened for service. The
clergymen attending this church are priests of the
Order of St. Francis, known as Franciscans. The
present pastor is the Rev. Ferdinand Bergmeyer, who
is superintending the erection of the new church.
There are parish schools for boys and girls. The
latter is under the charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph,
who erected a school building and residence in 1875.
About two hundred children attend these schools.
The congregation numbers eleven hundred souls.
The following societies are attached to the church :
St. Bonaventure's Society, one hundred and forty
members ; St. Mary's Altar Society, one hundred and
thirty members ; St. Cecilia's Singing Society, sixty
members ; Young Ladies' Sodality, seventy members ;
Emerald Beneficial Association, thirty-five members ;
Catholic Knights of America, thirty-five mem-
bers.
St. Bridget's Church, on the corner of West and
St. Clair Streets, was opened for service on the 1st
day of January, 1880. It was built under the su-
pervision of Rev. D. Curran, the present pastor, and
has a seating capacity of five hundred. The congre-
gation is now large enough to fill it twice on Sunday,
the number of souls being over one thousand. The
church measures one hundred and six feet by forty-
four, and co.st eleven thousand dollars. A pastoral
residence adjoining the church was erected in 1882,
costing twelve hundred dollars. A large school
building was erected in 1881 near the church by the
Sisters of St. Francis, from Oldenburgh, at a cost of
eleven thousand dollars. There are one hundred
and fifty children in attendance. The societies at-
tached to the church are: The Sodality for Men,
sixty members ; Young Ladies' Sodality, seventy
members ; Altar Society, seventy members ; First
Communion Society, fifty members.
The Home for the Aged Poor, conducted by
the Little Sisters of the Poor, was founded in
1873, and is situate on Vermont Street, between
East and Liberty. These sisters take charge of the
aged and destitute, and support them by soliciting
alms from" the public who are charitably disposed.
They rely entirely on the means obtained in this way.
They receive no one into their house except such as
are old and destitute. This community was founded
in France in 1840, and it has now in charge two
hundred and twenty-three houses in different parts
of Europe and America.
The House of the Good Shepherd, situate south
of the city on the Bluff road, was founded in 1873.
The city authorities donated a building partly finished,
and which was intended for a female reformatory.
The object of this institution is to afibrd an asylum
to females who.se virtue is exposed to danger, or to
reclaim such as have fallen and desire to amend their
lives The rules are founded on the strictest princi-
ples of Christian charity, and no one is received ex-
cept she is willing to enter ; hence the asylum is in
no sense a compulsory prison. The inmates are di-
vided into two classes, — the penitents, or those who
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
409
have fallen from virtue, and in whose case, as a sani-
tary precaution, certain conditions are required ; and
the class of perseverance, or those who segk refuge
from danger to which they are exposed. These two
classes are enlirely separated from each other, and are
under the care of different members of the commu-
nity. The period for which persons are usually
received is two years, after which they are either
returned to their friends or the sisters try to find
situations for them. This community does its work
in silence, away from the noise of the world, and but
few are aware of the good that it accomplishes.
St. Vincent's Infirmary, situate on Vermont
Street near Liberty, was established by Bishop Chat-
ard in 1881. It is in charge of the Sisters of Charity
from Baltimore. The building used is the Old St.
Joseph's Church and Seminary. The sisters intend
to locate the infirmary in another part of the city
soon, when they will erect a new and suitable build-
ing. The Sisters of Charity are a religious commu-
nity founded by St. Vincent de Paul in 1633. Its
object is the care of the poor, especially the sick, and
its members are everywhere the servants of the poor
and afflicted. The destitute who enter the infirmary
are supported by the alms which the sisters solicit.
Contributions are received from those who may be
able to pay for the service rendered them, and the
means obtained in this way go to the support of the
institution. There is no religious distinction made
in regard to those received into this infirmary.
Rev. John Francis August Bessonies. — The
grandfather of Father Bessonies was Dubousquet de
Bessonies, who during the horrors of the French
revolution of 1793 thought prudent to drop the "de,"
a title of nobility, which was, however, again assumed
by the family in 1845, but never by the subject of
this sketch. His great-uncle, a Catholic priest, was
arrested as such, and about to be transported or
drowned when happily released by the death of
Robe.spierre. The parents of Fatjier Bessonies were
John Baptist Bessonies and Henrietta Moisinac.
Their son was born at the village of Alzac, parish of
Sousceyrac, department du Lot, diocese of Cahors, on
the 17th of June, 1815, and is one of four surviving
children. • A sister died an Ursuline nun after twenty-
five years of religious life. August (as Father
Bessonies now writes his name) was placed under
the instruction of a priest of a neighboring parish,
but made little improvement. On attaining his tenth
year he was placed with the Picpucians, and spent a
year in preparation for a collegiate course. Here he
made his first communion, and was confirmed by
Monseigneur Guilaume Baltazar de Grandville, said
to be closely allied to Napoleon First. After two
years at the latter school he repaired to the Petit
Seminaire of Montfaucon, and spent seven years in
pursuing the classics and rhetoric. In 1834 he
entered the famous seminary of St. Sulpice in Paris,
and spent two years at Issy in the study of mathe-
matics, philosophy, and natural philosophy. In 1836
he entered the great seminary as a divinity student,
and at the expiration of the first year received the
sacred order of subdeaconship and the second year
that of deaconship. In 1836 he offered his services
to Right Rev. Simon Gabriel Brute, Bishop of Vin-
cennes, in Indiana. After completing his studies the
young man left for America and arrived, after a
tedious journey, in 1839. Having been ordained
priest in 1840, his earliest mission was in Perry
County, where thirteen years were spent. During
this period he founded the town of Leopold and
erected two stone and three wooden churches. Sever-
ino- his very happy relations with the parishes of
Perry County, he removed to Fort Wayne in 1853,
and remained one year, meanwhile erecting a church
and parsonage. His next mission was Jeftersonville
and the Knobs, where during a period of four years
he held service regularly, never missing an appoint-
ment. He completed the church at the Knobs, built
a parsonage and enlarged the church at Jeffersonville,
and secured a fine lot for the present church. In
1857 he became pastor of St. John's Church, Indi-
anapolis. He raised the first cross in the city on the
old St. John's Church, which is still in use on the
vault of St. John's Cemetery. He the following
spring erected the St. John's Academy, where a school
was opened by the Sisters of Providence in 1859,
and soon after built a parsonage. The Catholic cem-
etery now in use was purchased with his private
means. Soon after a school building for boys was
410
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
_^ "fiiJJmAJJ Y^,
erected, and at the same time the St. Peter's Church
edifice, now used as a school building. In 1867 was
begun the present St. John's Cathedral, which was
opened for worship in 1877, and cost about one hun-
dred thousand dollars. He was also instrumental in
obtaining from the city, ground for the buildings
occupied by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd and
the Little Sisters of the Poor. Father Bessonies
was appointed vicar-general by the bishop of the
diocese, and j^ter administrator of the Diocese of
Vincennes by the Archbishop of Cincinnati. His
zeal in the cause of temperance has won for him the
affectionate regard of citizens irrespective of creed,
and prompted, on the occasion of the twenty-fifth
anniversary of his pastorate and his departure for
Europe, the presentation of a purse of four hundred
dollars, with a graceful address by the mayor of the
city. Father Bessonies continues to fill the offices of
rector of the cathedral, vicar-general of the diocese,
and agent for the orphans' asylum. He manifests
the same earnest spirit in his life-work and enjoys as
ever the esteem and love of his parishioners.
EPISCOPALIANS.
Christ Church was organized in 1837. There
had been an occasional clergyman in the settlement,
and he had held occasional services at private houses,
through a period reaching nearly as far back towards
the first settlement as the early services of any denom-
ination, but the Episcopal was the weakest numer-
ically of all the leading sects, and took longer to grow
up to organizing and building strength. Among the
clergymen who were here temporarily were, first,
Rev. Melanchthon Hoyt, then Rev. J. C. Clay (after-
wards Dr. Clay, of Philadelphia), Rev. Mr. Pfeiffer,
and Rev. Henry Shaw. The end of the transition
period came with Rev. James B. Britton, in 1837 ; as
a missionary he held regular services in July of that
year. Three months before a movement towards
organization had been made, and with the arrival of
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
Mr. Britton it was advanced a step and completed.
On the 13th of July, less than a week after Mr. Brit-
ton's first ministration, a meeting was held and the
following agreement made :
" We, whose names are hereunto affixed, impressed with the
importance of the Christian religion, and wishing to promote
its holy influence in the hearts and lives of ourselves, our fam-
ilies, and our neighbors, do hereby associate ourselves together
as the parish of Christ Church, in the town of Indianapolis,
township of Centre, county of Marion, State of Indiana, and
by so doing do recognize the jurisdiction of the missionary
bishop of Indiana, and do adopt the constitution and canons
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of
America.
411
* Joseph M. Moore.
D. D. Moore.
Charles W. Cady.
T. B. Johnson.
George W. Mears.
Thomas McOuat.
Janet McOuat.
William Hannaman.
A. St. Clair.
Mrs. Browning.
Miss Howell.
Miss Gordon.
Mrs. Riley.
Miss Drake.
Mrs. Julia A. McKenny.
' IsDiAXAPOLis, July 13, 1837.'
G. W. Starr.
Mrs. 6. W. Starr.
James Morrison.
A. G. Willard.
M. D. Willard.
James Dawson, Jr.
Edward J. Dawson.
Joseph Farbos.
Nancy Farbos.
Joseph Xorman.
Joanna Norman.
Stewart Crawford.
John W. Jones.
Edward Boyd.
Mrs. .Stevens.
Under this organization an election for vestrymen,
on the 21st of August, resulted in the choice of
Arthur St. Clair, senior warden, Thomas McOuat,
junior warden, James Morrison, Joseph M. Moore,
and William Hannaman. On the 7th of May,
1838, the corner-stone of the first church was laid
with suitable ceremonies, and that was the first corner-
stone laid in Indianapolis. One of the members
made a deposit in it of. the first silver coins of the
dime and half-dime class ever brought to the town.
On the 18th of November following the edifice was
opened for worship, and consecrated on the 16th day
of December by Bishop Kemper. In 1857 it was
removed to Georgia Street for the colored (Bethel)
church, and burned soon after. The present thor-
oughly ecclesia-stical edifice, orthodoxically covered
with ivy, was finished in 1860, the chime of bells,
the only oue in the city, put up in the spring of 1861,
and the spire completed in 1869. The membership
is three hundred and fifty; Sunday school pupils, two
hundred. Value of the property, seventy-five thou-
sand dollars. Rector, Rev. E. A. Bradley.
St. George's Chapel, a little stone mission church
on the corner of Morris and Church Streets, was
built some half-dozen years ago by the Christ Church
congregation. It is served by Rev. Mr. Bradley, has
about two hundred children attending the Sunday-
school, and the value of the property is about two
thousand dollars.
St. Paul's Cathedral, the largest Protestant Epis-
copal Church in the city, is situate on the southeast
corner of Illinois and New York Streets. The parish
was organized, in 1866, by the Rev. Horace Stringfel-
low. The first services were held in Military Hall,
which was in the building located on East Washing-
ton Street, over Craft & Co.'s, and Cathcart, Clel-
land & Co.'s stores. The present edifice has a seat-
ing capacity of ten hundred and fifty, besides th(
chapel, which will seat about two hundred and fifty.
The present edifice was erected in 1869, at a cost of
about ninety thousand dollars. The number of com-
municants, three hundred and twenty-one. Bishop,
Right Rev. D. B. Knickerbacker, D.D. ; dean and
rector, Rev. Joseph S. Jenckes. Sunday-school, one
hundred.
St. James' Mission, located on West Street above
Walnut, is also under control of St. Paul's Cathedral,
and possesses a neat little edifice, erected in 1875 at a
cost of seven thousand dollars; has a flourishing Sun-
day-school of one hundred scholars. Full service is
held every Sunday evening by Rev. Mr. Jenckes.
Will seat about two hundred.
Grace Church, at the corner of Pennsylvania and
St. Joseph Streets, has a good building with seating
capacity of about two hundred and fifty, with large
school-room. Is at present closed as a church, but
Bishop Knickerbacker will have it reopened as soon as
possession can be obtained, as it has been rented for
school purposes.
Holy Innocents, on Fletcher Avenue, has a neat
frame building ; seating capacity about two hundred.
Has seventy-three communicants. Until recently
under charge of Rev. Willis D. Engle.
412
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
REFORMED EPISCOPAL.
Trinity, on the northwest corner of Alabama and
North Streets.
LUTHERANS.
First English Lutheran Church, organized Jan.
22, 1837. P. W. Seibert, one of the early hardware
merchants of the city, was president, and Filijah
Martin, secretary. The first elders were Adam
Haugh and Henry Ohr, who, like Rev. Abraham
Reck, the first pastor, were Maryland men. The first
deacons were King English (father of Joseph K., for-
merly county commissioner) and Philip W. Seibert.
The first house was a brick of one story on the south
side of Ohio Street, near Meridian, but not on the
corner. It was built in 1838. Mr. Reck resigned
the pastorate in 1840, and was succeeded by Rev. A.
A. Timper. Mr. Reck died iu Lancaster, O., in
1869. His son, Luther, entered the Indianapolis
company of the First Indiana Regiment in the Mexi-
can war, and was drowned while swimming in the
Rio Grande, at Matamoras, where the regiment was
stationed. During the pastorate term of Rev. J. A.
Kunkleman, about 1860, the church was torn down
and another built on the southwest corner of New
York and Alabama Streets, which was dedicated in
18G1. A few years ago this church was sold and a
third built on the corner of Pennsylvania and Walnut
Streets. The present pastor is Rev. John Baltzley.
The membership is one hundred and two ; Sunday-
school pupils, seventy-five ; value of property about
eighteen thousand dollars.
St. Paul's (German), on the corner of East and
Georgia Streets, was organized June 5, 1844. The
first church was built on Alabama Street below Wash-
ington, and dedicated May 11, 1845 ; first pastor. Rev.
Theodore J. G. Kuntz. In 1860, another church
was built on the corner of East and Georgia Streets,
and dedicated Nov. 3, 1860, by Rev.. Dr. Wynckan,
president of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod. In
the rear of the church two school-houses have been
built, where a parochial school has been maintained
for twenty years. A parsonage on East and Ohio
Streets was built in 1869, and in 1870 the cemetery
south of Pleasant Run, on the east side of the Three-
Notch road, already referred to, was purchased and
laid out. The present pastor is Rev. Charles C.
Schmidt. The membership is over two hundred,
and the Sunday-school attendance is about four hun-
dred. The value of the church property is about
sixty thousand dollars.
Second Lutheran Church (German), on the
northeast corner of East and Ohio Streets. The
pastor is Rev. Peter Seuel ; membership, one hun-
dred and fifteen ; Sunday-school pupils, two hun-
dred; value of property, probably twenty thousand
dollars.
Zion's Church (German) was organized in 1840
by the German members of the First English Lu-
theran Church. They wanted services in their own
language, and formed the new organization for that
purpose. The first pastor was the Rev. J. G. Kuntz,
who was later the fir.st pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran
Church, who served until 1842. The congregation
was then without a pastor till 1844, when Rev. J. F.
Isensee was called. The first church building was
erected where the present one is in 1844, and was
dedicated in 1845, May 18th. In 1866 the present
house was begun, the corner-stone laid July 1, 1866,
and the dedication celebrated Feb. 5, 1867. The
church has about two hundred members, and the
Sunday-school one hundred and fifty pupils. The
value of the church property is over thirty thousand
dollars.
First Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church,
southeast corner of MeCarty and Beaty Streets.
Second Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church,
east side of New Jersey Street, south of Merrill.
During about a year, in 1882-83, a small Danish
mission church was maintained in a neat little frame
building on South Missouri Street, below Merrill.
The " wash" of the west bank of Pogue's Creek at
that point cut away the ground between the church
and the creek, and finally cut under the house, and
the congregation moved. The building was turned
into a little grocery-store.
GERMAN REFORMED.
Emanuel Church, on the northwest comer of
Coburn and New Jersey Streets ; Rev. H. Helming,
pastor.
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
413
First Church, east side of Alabama, south of
Market Street ; pastor, Rev. John Rettig. The first
steps in the organization of this church were taken
by Rev. George Long, who came here as a missionary
of the German Reformed denomination — chiefly fol-
lowers of Zwingle and Calvin — in 1851, and preached
till the following spring, 1852, when he organized
the First Church, and they began the erection of the
church, which was completed and dedicated in Octo-
ber, 1852. In 1856, Mr. Long resigned, and Rev.
M. G. I. Stern succeeded. The membership is over
two hundred, and the Sunday-school attendance about
as large. The value of the property is about fifteen
thousand dollars.
Second Church, west side of East Street, opposite
Stevens Street. Organization was made in the sum-
mer of 1867 by some members of a former church
who lived in the southeastern part of the city. Rev.
Mr. Steinbach, who had served here as a Lutheran
minister, took the church first, resigning at the end
of the year 1867. Rev. M. G. I. Stern was selected
in place of Mr. Steinbach, and under him the mission
was changed to the " Second German Reformed
Church." Mr. Stern is still the pastor. A German-
English parochial school of one hundred pupils is
coDDected with the church, under two teachers.
Membership, about one hundred and fifty-six ; the
attendance at Sunday-school, nearly double that ;
value of property, about twelve thousand dollars.
GERMAN EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.
First Church, on the southeast corner of New
Jersey and Wabash Streets; organized June 19,
1855, with twenty-one members, as the Immanuel
Church of the Evangelical Association of Indianap-
olis. Rev. Joseph Fisher is the pastor. The mem-
bership is about two hundred ; the Sunday-school
attendance, about two hundred ; value of property,
probably twelve thousand dollars.
FRIENDS.
Their meeting-house is on the southwest corner of
Delaware and St. Clair Streets. The ministers are Jo-
seph J. Mills, Anna Mills, Calvin W. Pritchard, Jane
Trueblood, and Sarah Smith. The organization was
made in 1854, and the first minister Mrs. Hannah
Pierson. Membership, about two hundred and fifty ;
value of property, twelve thou.sand dollars.
CONGREGATIONALISTS.
Plymouth Church, organized Aug. 9, 1857, by
thirty-one members, who for some months previously
had maintained religious services and a Sunday-
school in the Senate Chamber of the old State-
House. The chamber was used most of the time,
till the congregation removed to their first church
on Meridian Street, opposite Christ Church (Epis-
copal). This edifice was begun in the fall of 1858,
and the front part, containing the lecture-room,
study, and social rooms, was completed and occupied
in September, 1859. The remainder was finished
and dedicated, after much improving, on the 30th
of April, 1871, when the Rev. Joseph L. Burnett
was made pastor. The first pastor was Rev. N. A.
Hyde, now of the Mayflower Church. He began in
the fall of 18G6, and resigned the pastorate in
August, 1867, to assume the duties of superin-
tendent of the American Home Missionary Society
for this State. Within the present year (1884) this
church has completed and occupied a new and very
fine church edifice on the southeast corner of Merid-
ian and New York Streets. The value of it is esti-
mated at forty thousand dollars. The membership
is not counted by the number of communicants but
by the number attending the church services, aver-
aging about six hundred in the morning and seven
to eight hundred young people in the evening.
Mayflower Church, St. Clair and East Streetsi
was organized from a Sunday-school formed by the
Young Men's Christian Association, at a private
house on the corner of Jackson and Cherry Streets,
May 23, 1869. There were thirteen original members,
five from Plymouth Church, two from the Third
Street Methodist Church, one from Roberts Park
Church, and three from the Fourth Presbyterian
Church. The church edifice was completed and
dedicated in January, 1870. It is a frame building,
worth now with the lot probably ten thousand dol-
lars. The membership is one hundred and fifty;
Sunday-school attendance, one hundred and eighty.
414
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Rev. Nathaniel A. Hyde, first pastor of Plymouth
Church, is the present pastor of Mayflower Church.
Rev. Nathaniel Alden Hyde, D.D., pastor of
the Mayflower Congregational Church of Indianap-
olis, has been actively identified with the general, as
well as the religious, interests of the city and State
for upwards of twenty years. Like many other prom-
inent and useful men of the West, he in of New
England origin, and of genuine Pilgrim stock. He
was born May 10, 1827, in Stafi"ord, Conn. His
father, Nathaniel Hyde, was a thrifty and successful
till she was removed by death in his ripe and suc-
cessful manhood. This devoted mother was very
desirous that her son should enter the gospel min-
istry, ;uid, very early in his life, laid her plans for
him accordingly. At the age of twelve years he
entered Monson Academy, then a very popular and
flourishing school in the town of Monson, which was
just across the line from his native town, in the State
of Massachusetts. Here he pursued his preparatory
studies for four years, entering Yale College at the
age of sixteen, and graduating from that institution
^//^ /? J^^
iron-founder. His mother, whose maiden name was
Caroline Converse, was a direct descendant of John Al-
den, one of the Pilgrims coming in the " Mayflower"
and landing on Plymouth Rock. This honorable
ancestry was recognized by his parents, doubtless
with commendable pride, in the name which they
gave to their son,— Nathaniel for the father, and
Alden for the Pilgrim father. The death of the
father early left the son to the entire care and train-
ing of the mother, between whom and himself 'there
ever existed a peculiarly tender and intimate relation
at twenty years of age in the class of 1847. His
professional studies were pursued at Andover Theo-
logical Seminary, from which he graduated in the
class of 1851. After graduation, and before begin-
ning his long and useful work in Indianapolis, he
spent seven years in somewhat desultory work in
his profession. During a portion of 1851-52 he
preached in Central Village, Conn., and in 1852-53
in Rockville, Conn. He then became assistant secre-
tary of the Children's Aid Society in New York
City, a position which he held from 1854 to 1856.
CHURCHES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
415
After preaching for a short time in Deep River,
Conn., in 1857 he turned his face and steps west-
ward. On the 23d day of December in this latter
year he was ordained at Columbus, Ohio, remaining
there till the next year, when he went for a very
brief period to fill a temporary engagement at Cin- '■
cinnati. The Plymouth Church in Indianapolis had
just been organized, and in 1858 it extended to Dr.
Hyde a call to become its pastor. He accepted the
call, and here entered, with this young church, upon
his real life-work. The first services which he con-
ducted here were held in the Senate chamber of the
old State-House. But it was not long before the
enthusiasm and earnestness of the young pastor, with
the pressing need of a church home, resulted in the
erection of the house of worship which has been
occupied till recently by that church. For nearly
ten years he held this pastorate to the entire satis-
faction and great profit of the church. In the
year 1867 the State Association of Congregational
Churches and ministers felt that the time had come
when the general interests of the cause of religion,
and the interests and usefulness of the demomination,
demanded the appointment of a superintendent of
missions for the State. When application was made
to the American Home Missionary Society for such
an appointment, and the oflBcers of the society replied
that they would comply with the request if the breth-
ren in Indiana would name the right man for the
place, the thoughts of all turned directly to Dr.
Hyde. His long residence in the State, and conse-
quent familiarity with its peculiarities and needs,
coupled with his earnest Christian spirit and sound
judgment, caused his brethren unanimously to feel
that of all others he was the man for the place, a
decision which subsequent results fully justified.
Accordingly, although it was contrary to his own
desires, and contrary to the desires of his church,
which was very strongly attached to him, he was
appointed to this important position, and, in obe-
dience to a sense of duty, accepted it, and discharged
its duties with rare fidelity, success, and acceptabil-
ity for six years. The assertion will not be ques-
tioned by those knowing the facts in the case that
no other man in the State has done so much for
the interests of the denomination of which he is a
member as has Dr. Hyde. At the same time he is
as far as it is possible to think from being a sectarian
in his feelings or work. He is broad and catholic
in his spirit, and has the profoundest respect of all
denominations of Christians in the city and the
State with whom the duties of his various positions
have brought him in contact. Directly after resign-
ing his position as superintendent of missions for
domestic reasons, he became pastor of the Mayflower
Church in 1873, which position he still holds. His
pastorate has been a very successful one. In addition to
his professional labors. Dr. Hyde has been associated
with various other interests of city and State. He
was for several years a prominent and efficient mem-
ber of the school board, held the position of president
of the State Social Science Association for several
terms, contributing some very valuable papers to its
meetings, and is a member of the boards of trustees
of several educational institutions. As a friend of
every good cause, and of all persons needing and
deserving aid, he is widely and most favorably known
throughout the city and State. He is ever counted
upon as ready to lend a helping hand, and those who
look to him are never disappointed, for, while he is
quiet and unostentatious in manner, he is earnest
and efficient in labor, of an excellent judgment, and
has a very warm heart. Of all the worthy members
of his profession in the city, it is safe to say that none
are more generally or favorably known than is the
subject of this biographical sketch. Dr. Hyde was
married on the 28th of August, 1866, to Laura K.,
daughter of the late Stoughton A. Fletcher, Sr., of
Indianapolis.
UNIVBRSALISTS.
As related at the beginning of this chapter, the
Universalists have no distinct organization, though
for many years they had a strong one, and for sev-
eral years had two. They claim that so large a
portion of the orthodox churches has discarded the
notion of a material hell and an eternity in it that
their sectarian identity is effaced. Everybody is
Universalist now, except a few immovable lumps of
prejudice. At all events, there is no longer a Uni-
versalist Church in Indianapolis.
416
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
UNITED BRETHREN.
The only church of this denomination is on the
east side of Oak between Vine and Cherry ; pastor,
Rev. Augustus C. Willmore. The first church of
United Brethren was organized in 1850, and the
congregation in 1851 built the brick house occupied
for many years, on the southeast corner of New
Jersey and Ohio Streets. In the fall of 1869 a
dissension broke out which led to the formation of
the Liberal United Brethren, containing a majority
of the membership. They refused to allow the
other division the use of the house, which led to a
law-suit and the recovery of possession by the old
society, Aug. 31, 1870. Then the Liberals dis-
banded and distributed themselves about among the
Methodist Churches. The property is worth about
seven thousand dollars. The membership now is
about one hundred ; the Sunday-school attendance
rather larger.
UNIT.^BIAN.
A brief account of this denomination and its dis-
appearance about 1872 has been given. It never
owned anything, so it has nothing to be noted after
its own dissolution.
SWEDENBORGIAN.
There is but one congregation of this denomina-
tion in the city, and it occupies New Church Chapel,
No. 333 North Alabama Street.
UNITED PRESBYTERIANS.
The only church is on the northeast corner of East
Street and Massachusetts Avenue. The pastor is
Rev. James P. Cowan.
HEBREWS.
The first Hebrew congregation in this city was
organized in the winter of 1855. Before 1853 there
were no Hebrew residents here but Alexander Franco
and Moses Woolf. The growth of this class of
population increased so considerably in the next two
years, however, that a church organization was a
natural suggestion, and it was made. In the fall of
1856 a room in Blake's Commercial Row, on Wash-
ington Street west of Kentucky Avenue, was en-
gaged for a church, and Rev. Mr. Berman became
the pastor. In 1858 a change was made to a larger
hall in Judah's Block, which was dedicated by Rabbi
Wise, of Cincinnati, distinguished for his learning.
Rev. J. Wechsler was engaged as pastor, and served
till 1861. During that year the congregation had
no pastor and became greatly reduced, but in 1862
obtained Rev. M. Moses as pastor, and made some
changes from the old style of ceremony which re-
stored its strength, and it began to debate the pro-
priety of having a house of its own. In 1864
subscriptions were started, and on the 7th of Decem-
ber, 1865, the corner stone of the temple on Market
Street east of New Jersey was laid with an address
from Rev. Dr. Lilienthal, of Cincinnati. After some
serious embarrassments the temple was completed
and dedicated Oct. 30, 1868. The pews in this
church are not rented from year to year, as in
Gentile churches, but are sold outright as so much
real estate, for which a regular conveyance is exe-
cuted. Only adult males are counted as members
in making up the strength of the congregation.
The membership of Indianapolis Hebrew Society is
eighty adult males. A regular school is kept
through the week in the temple, and on the Sabbath
a special school is held free for those who wish to
pursue the study of Hebrew or biblical history.
The value of the property is about thirty thousand
dollars.
A smaller congregation was formed a few years
ago, which holds its meetings in Root's Block, corner
of Pennsylvania and South Streets. Its membership
is about forty, and has no school attachment.
In the appended summary, exhibiting the present
condition of the churches of Indianapolis, no more
than an approximation is possible in some cases. In
most, however, the church authorities have furnished
as accurate statements as they could arrive at. The
general result is very close to the truth. It must be
noted, as before suggested, that the Catholic authori-
ties number the members of their church as " souls,"
counting all of whatever age born into the church,
as well as all attaching themselves to it, as professors
of Protestant creeds do. This makes their numbers
look disproportionately large. But count the Pres-
byterians or Methodists in the same way and they
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
will show larger congregations. The Plymouth Con-
gregational pastor counts attendants on his services.
417
Churche
Member-
ship.
Baptist 1,100
Presbyterian 2,950
Methodist 4,700
Christi.in
Catholic
Episcopal
Lutheran
German Reformed
German Evang'l Ass'n.
Friends
Congregationalist
United Brethren
Hebrew
l,tno
10,200
1,000
600
.330
200
250
SOO
Sunda.v-Scbo
Puiiils.
1,150
3,400
4,000
1,000
60(1
S50
450
Totals
Value of
Property.
$100,000
425,000
420,000
75,000
500,000
200,000
125,000
30,000
12,000
12,000
50,000
7,000
.33,000
$1,991,000
or $2,000,000
CHAPTER XVII.
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
Early Schools. — The history of the early schools
of Indianapolis is very meagre, but happily not con-
fused or uncertain. There seems to be no doubt that
the first school-house was a log cabin on the point of
junction of Kentucky Avenue and Illinois Street,
adjacent to a large pond or mud-hole, and built dur-
ing the pestilent summer of 1821. The first teacher
was Joseph C. Reed, who was the first recorder of
the county. He taught but a few weeks, a single
quarter, probably, and was followed by one or two
others, possibly, though there is no record or safe
memory to assure us of it ; but the first year of the
settlement appears to have been one of no consider-
able solicitude about education. There was enough
to do to get something to eat and keep a stomach
healthy enough to hold it. By the summer of 1822,
however, affairs were getting in better shape, and with
the irrepressible instinct of Americans for education,
measures were taken to secure adequate tuition for
the children of the yearling city capital. A meeting
was held at the school-house on the 20th of June,
1822, to arrange for a permanent school. Trustees
were appointed, says the sketch of 1850, but the
names are not given. James M. Ray, or James Blake,
or Calvin Fletcher, one or the other, or all, most
likely, made the first educational board of the city. A
I Mr. Lawrence and his wife were engaged as teachers,
I and continued in the first school house till the com-
I pletion of the First Presbyterian Church in 1824,
when they removed to that more eligible locality and
building, and the first school-house disappears from
^ history as it probably did from nature thenceforward.
I Whether it was torn down or turned into the lo"
pottery-shop that preceded the old State Bank, there
is no certain indication to suggest. Nor is there any-
I thing to enlighten antiquarian curiosity as to the
, origin or fate of that other log school-iiouse on Mary-
land Street and partly in it, west of Tennessee, which
the Baptists used for a time as their place of wor.ship.
In 1825, after the arrival of the capital and its ac-
companiments, Mr. Merrill, the treasurer, who was
probably the best educated man in the place, at the
solicitation of the citizens, undertook to relieve the
educational stress of the time, caused by a large influx
of population with the capital and the Legislature,
and taught a school for a time in the log house on
the south side of Maryland, west of Meridian, which
the Methodists used for a church about that time. A
Mr. Tufts taught there too, and one or two others
later.
It is not likely that there were more than this and
the original school-house till the completion of the
Presbyterian Church. Mr. Lawrence and his wife,
it is supposed, continued in the church till near the
time that Ebenezer Sharpe came here from Paris,
Bourbon Co., Ky., in 1826. For three years before
this the Union Sunday-school had been in operation
in Caleb Scudder's cabinet-shop, and later in the
church, and here Mr. Blake and his coadjators had
taught the alphabet and spelling, as in any primary
school, to some of their young pupils. It was more
like a school, and less like a sort of semi-theological
recreation, than the modern Sunday-school. Mr.
Nowland says he learned his A, B, C's of Mr. Blake
at the Union, and he was not alone by any means.
Mr. Sharpe succeeded Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence in the
school of the old church which was kept in the back
part, on the alley that runs northward from Market
Street past the Journal building. Some years later,
418
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
about 1830, he took his school to a frame house on
the site of the Club House, corner of Meridian and
Ohio, where he continued till near his death in 1835.
He was assisted a part of the time by his son, Thomas
H. Sharpe, one of the best known and esteemed of
the relics of the early days of the city. About the
time that Mr. Sharpe took his school to the house on
Meridian Street, Mr. Thomas D. Gregg opened a
school in an old carpenter-shop on the northwest cor-
ner of Delaware and Market Streets, where ho was
succeeded till about 1840, or a little later, by William
J. Hill and others, and lastly by Josephus Cicero
Worrall.
Contemporaneously with these, about 1832, Miss
Clara Ellick opened a school in the old Baptist
Church, corner of Meridian and Maryland Streets.
She taught here a couple of years, probably, and then,
in 1834, a little frame house was built purposely for
a school-house near the west end of the lot, abutting
on the alley east of the Grand Hotel. About 1835,
Miss Ellick was married to a Methodist preacher by
the name of Smith, and give up the school to Miss
Laura Kise. During her tenancy of the little frame
school-house the Baptists built a bell-tower of open
frame-work for their church against the east end of
the school-house, a hundred feet from the church.
It stood there as long as the old church remained,
and was sometimes made the occasion of a general
uproar by frolicsome boys, who could not resist the
temptation to climb up the frame and jerk the bell-
clapper about like a fire alarm. One night two boys,
one of whom is now the distinguished author and
general. Lew Wallace, climbed up to the bell and
fastened a cord to the clapper, which they led across
the street and the intervening lots to the bedroom
of one of them over a store on Washington Street,
and here they kept a lively alarm going as long as
they liked, to the infinite disturbance and mystery of
the neighbors, who could not discover what made the
bell ring.
As related in the general history, the Legisla-
ture, on the 26th of January, 1832, authorized the
town agent to lease University Square, No. 25,
to the trustees of Marion County Seminary for thirty
years, with permission to them to build on the south
or southwest corner, the other corners were then "out
of town ;" and, if the square should be needed for a
university before the termination of the lease, a half-
acre, where the seminary stood, was to be sold to the
trustees. Under this arrangement the old county
seminary was built, in 1833-34, on the southwest
corner, where a tablet, set in the ground by Ignatius
Brown and some others of the " old seminary boys,"
marks the centre of the site. It was two stories
high, about one hundred feet long from east to west
from one lobby-wall to the other, with five windows
in each story on a side, and about forty feet wide in
the main body, while the lobbies at the ends were
about fifteen feet square. A stairway ascended from
each lobby to the second story. That at the east
end entered the lecture-room, or exhibition-room,
where more than one church made its place of wor-
ship before it was able to build a house. The stair-
way in the west lobby ascended to a room about
twenty feet square, where was kept the philosophical
apparatus of the institution. The chief of these were
an air-pump and an electrical machine. South of
this room was another smaller, for the teacher's
private room. A door led from the apparatus-room
to the platform of the exhibition- or lecture-room.
After the free-school system was put in operation, in
1853 till 1859, the old seminary was occupied as
the high school of the system. It was torn down in
September, 1860. The only surviving trustee is
Simon Yandes, Esq., and the last who died was
James Sulgrove, in the fall of 1875. In the summer
of 1860, before the old house was torn down, the
whole square was inclosed with a high fence, and
covered with an immense show-house or shed by a
Mr. Ferine, who called it the " Coliseum," and pro-
posed to make it a meeting-place for large assemblies,
political or otherwise, and for big shows. It was
opened on the 4th of July with a military parade, an
instrumental concert, a balloon ascension by Mr. J.
C. Bellman, and a display of Diehl's fire-works at
night. The enterprise was too big for the place.
The seats would hold twenty thousand spectators.
In a few weeks the work was all torn away, and the
old house too, and the square was left vacant all
through the war. In 1865-66 the city got posses-
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
419
sion of it, fenced it, laid it out in walks, set trees in
it, and made it a very pretty park, which it will
remain.
The seminary was opened by the late Gen. Dumont,
Sept. 1, 1834. He left after a single quarter's expe-
rience, and William J. Hill succeeded in January,
1835. Three or four months satisfied him, and
Thomas D. Gregg came in May, 1836. William
Sullivan followed in December, 1836, and Rev. Wil-
liam A. Holliday in August, 1837. James S. Kem-
per took the school in the summer of 1838, and re-
tained it till the spring of 1845. Of the effect of
his administration on the reputation of the seminary,
and the character of the pupils he taught there, the
general history has treated as fully as it properly
may. In 1845, J. P. Safford succeeded Mr. Kem-
per, and gave way to Benjamin L. Lang in 1847 or
1848, who continued till 1853, when the free-school
system absorbed the seminary. Of these noted teach-
ers, Mr. Holliday, Gen. Dumont, Mr. Gregg, Mr.
Hill, and Mr. Safford are dead, the last only two
years ago in Zanesville, Ohio. Mr. Gregg made a
valuable bequest to the city at his death. Of the
schools contemporaneous with the old seminary, the
Franklin Institute, the Worrall School, the Axtell
Female Seminary, the general history has given an
account, as well as of the later ones, the Indiana
Female College and the McLean Female Insti-
tute. The Baptist Young Ladies' Institute, occu-
pied now as the high school of the city school sys-
tem, was founded in 1858 by the Baptists of the
city, who formed a stock company for the purpose,
the paper of which was indorsed by the individual
credit, to the amount of sixteen thousand dollars, of
Rev. J. B. Simmons, pastor of the church ; Rev. M.
G. Clark, editor of The Witness, the denominational
paper ; Mr. Judson R. Osgood, of the Sarven Wheel-
Works ; and Mr. James Turner. Thus the company
was enabled to buy the acre at the northeast corner
of the intersection of Pennsylvania and Michigan
Streets. The first superintendent was Rev. Gibbon
Williams, and his daughter was the principal. In
1862, Rev. C. W. Hewes succeeded, and became
substantially the proprietor of the institution. Up
to 1866 the site, building, and improvements had
cost fifty-three thousand dollars. The site was for
many years the residence of Robert Underbill, one
of the earliest iron manufacturers and millers of the
city. In 1871 the school board bought the site
and buildings, and removed the high school there
from Circle Hall (or the old Beecher church).
The McLean Female Institute filled so conspicuous
a place in the educational advantages of the city and
was so wholly the work of its founder, the Rev. C.
G. McLean, that a short sketch of his life will be of
interest to many who knew him without knowing
anything of his past life. He was born in Ireland
in 1787. His father. Dr. John McLean, a surgeon
in the British navy, died in early manhood on the
coast of Africa. His mother, who was also a Mc-
Clain, was left a widow before she was twenty-ode.
She became the wife of Rev. James Gray, D.D., and
soon after, with her husband, came to this country.
For many years Dr. Gray was the honored pastor of
Spruce Street Church, Philadelphia. Under him Dr.
McLean prepared for the University of Pennsylvania,
of which he was a graduate. His theological studies
he pursued under the celebrated Dr. John M. Mason.
In 1815 he married Helen Miller, of Philadelphia,
who died in 182li, leaving two daughters. In 1844
he married Mary Yates, daughter of Henry Yates,
of Albany. His first charge was in Gettysburg, Pa.,
where he was pastor for twenty- seven years in the
Associate Reformed Church. He was afterwards
pastor for eight years of the Dutch Reformed Church,
Fort Plain, N. Y. Being unable from ill health to
perform pastoral duty, he came in 1852 to this city
and opened a female seminary known as McLean
Female Institute, in which he was aided by his son-
in-law, C. N. Todd, by whom it was continued after
his death in 1860. For some time previous he had
been unfitted for his duties by a stroke of paralysis.
The institution received a good share of the best pat-
ronage of the city and State, and was regarded as
permanently established at the time of its transfer to
other hands on account of the health of the family.
After a life of about fifteen years, it was suffered to
go out of existence, but its elevating influence has
not been lost. Dr. McLean was best known as a
minister. He had rare pulpit gifts. By his famous
420
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
teacher he was trained to independent thinking and
thorough investigation of subjects. Having no pet
theories, he sought every field of inquiry. Hence his
discourses, rich in thought, had variety, freshness,
and originality. He never read his sermons. His
choice language and attractive elocution secured and
held his hearers. The young were drawn to him.
A winning playfulness led them to seek his presence,
and even in his later years he would sport as a com-
panion with them. In prayer he was gifted, and he
scarcely placed a limit to its power. His strong faith
kept him bright and hopeful in the darkest hours.
The Northwestern Christian (now Butler) Uni-
versity was the suggestion of the late Ovid Butler.
He drafted the charter for it, and planned the outline
of the system upon which it has been conducted, do-
nated the ground for its first site, endowed one of its
chairs permanently, provided a large portion of its
general endowment fund, and so identified himself
with its history, progress, and interests that the
change of its name from the cumbrous and unmean-
ing combination that loaded its first feeble existence
to the deserved and descriptive name it now bears
was an act of equal justice and good taste. The
charter for it was passed by the Legislature in 1850,
and authorized a stock company with a capital of one
hundred dollar shares, the total to range from ninety-
five thousand to five hundred thousand dollars. One-
third might be expended in a site and building, but
two-thirds at least must be an endowment fund.
Rev. John O'Kane was appointed by the friends of
the enterprise in Indianapolis soliciting agent. He
visited all parts of the State in pursuing his work,
and in two years had succeeded so far that in July,
1852, the company organized and elected the first
board of directors. Mr. Butler donated the ground,
twenty-five acres of a beautiful natural grove of
sugars, beeches, and walnuts, on the northeastern
border of the city at that time, and part of the farm
which was Mr. Butler's residence, called Forest
Home, and here the college building was begun
and never completed. The style was Gothic, — hand-
some, striking, and convenient, — and the plan so con-
trived that it could be built in divisions, which, when
all were completed, would present a harmonious and
effective mass. The first section, which would have
been about a third of the completed edifice, was fin-
ished and opened for collegiate purposes on the 1st
of November, 1855, the first and only college or in-
stitution for the more advanced degrees of education
ever known in the capital, except the seminary in
Mr. Kemper's time, and some of the high school
classes.
The leading feature of the Butler system, as distin--
guished from that of all the institutions of learning
in this country at that time, was the admission of
female pupils upon the same conditions in the same
classes, with the same course and graduation, as male
students. No distinction was made, and no other
school twenty years ago followed the example. Some
years later another innovation was made on the old
system of sexual separation even more startling than
this. On the death of a young daughter, Mr. Butler
determined to erect a memorial " more enduring than
brass," and endowed a chair of English History and
Literature called the Demia Butler chair, and pro-
vided that the professor should be Miss Kate Merrill,
daughter of the State treasurer who brought up the
capital from Corydon, and the best known of the native
teachers of the city. Another feature of a liberaliz-
ing tendency (in which, however, it was preceded
partially by Alexander Campbell's college at Bethany,
W. Va., and by Brown University of Rhode Island)
was the permission to a student to take any part of
the full course he pleased, and graduate with the ap-
propriate title in the division pursued. Thus, some
took the full course, with the degree of A.B. ; others
took only the scientific division, and graduated as Bach-
elors of Science ; and a third class, following what is
called the philosophical course, graduated as Bach-
elors of Philosophy. Just how these masculine titles
have been softened into fitness for female proficiency
and educational honors we are not informed. About
half of the students take one or the other of the
partial courses, scientific or philosophical, and about
a third of the higher grades of students are females.
In the academic or preparatory courses the propor-
tion of girls is larger. Of the four literary societies,
two, the Athenian and Demia Butler, are composed
of female students.
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
421
A law department was opened in connection with
the university in 1871, the first term beginning Jan-
uary 16th, composed of three chairs or classes, taught
by Judge Byron K. Elliott, Judge Charles H. Test,
and Charles P. Jacobs. This was maintained for
some years, but was recently discontinued and dis-
solved. A commercial department, to assist students
who desire to qualify themselves for business, was
formed and carried on for a time, but appears to have
been discontinued in the last few years. Musical in-
struction is made a specialty also, and is still a part of
the university system, though not of the regular
course. The most important division of the univer-
sity is the medical department. The Medical College
of Indiana, referred to particularly in the chapter on
the medical profession, forms this department. The
last catalogue shows one hundred and sixty-eight
students in the literary department of the university,
and one hundred and sixty-four in the medical de
partment. Practically the two are little concerned
with each other, one being in the city and the other
five miles away. In the literary department is what
is called a post-graduate course, of which the author-
ities say that it, "with the Bible-classes of the fresh-
man, sophomore, and senior years, presents a com-
plete course of Bible study." This course is free.
Of the different degrees conferred by the institution
the following official statement is made :
" I. The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred
on students who complete the studies in the course
of arts and pass the examinations in the same.
"II. The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred
on students who complete the studies in the course of
science and pa.ss the examinations in the same. This
degree may be conferred also on students in special
studies whenever the special work done shall be
deemed by the faculty a full equivalent for the part
of the scientific course which may have been omitted.
"III. The degree of Bachelor of Philosophy is
conferred on students who complete the studies in i
the course of philosophy and pass the examinations
in the same.
" No Bachelor's degree will bo conferred on any
person who may not have studied at least one year
in this university.
" IV. (1) The degree of Master of Arts, Master
of Science, or Master of Philosophy will be con-
ferred on any student who shall have taken the cor-
responding Bachelor's degree at this university, on
the following conditions : (a) When such student
shall have pursued a post-graduate course of study
for one year under the direction of the faculty, have
passed a satisfactory examination, and have presented
an approved thesis on some one of the subjects chosen
for examination ; or (6) When, after not less than
three years from the time of receiving the Bachelor's
degree, such student shall have given satisfactory
evidence of having been engaged in some literary or
professional pursuit, and shall present to the faculty
an approved thesis on some subject of research.
(2) Any of the above-named Blaster's degrees may
be conferred on any person who may have taken the
corresponding Bachelor's degree at any other institu-
tion authorized by law to confer such degree, when
he shall have given to the faculty satisfactory evi-
dence of scholarship, have pursued a post-graduate
course of study under the direction of the faculty,
and have presented an approved thesis on some one
of the subjects chosen for examination.
" V. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy will be
conferred on graduates of this university or of any
other institution authorized to confer Bachelor's de-
grees, who, by special study in some department of
science, literature, or philosophy, may have obtained
eminence as original investigators, and shall present
to the faculty a meritorious thesis based on such
investigations.
" VI. The honorary degree of A.M. or LL.D. will
be conferred occasionally on persons who, in addition
to possessing fair scholarship, may have obtained
eminence in some pursuit or profession."
In 1876 the university authorities determined to
remove to the present location, on the west side of the
handsome suburban town of Irvington, where strong
inducements were ofiered by the citizens, and the sale
of the old site, then entirely surrounded by the busi-
ness and residences of the city, and largely enhanced
in money value, would help to place the institution
firmly on its feet. New buildings were erected, a
fine " Campus" laid out, and the work kept moving
422
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
on steadily and successfully in spite of the change.
Soon after the removal some of the trustees sought
to change the school into a more rigidly sectarian
exclusiveness, and confine the tuition wholly to mem-
bers of the Christian Church, the denomination which
had originated and supported it, and which had re-
garded it as a denominational school. This so far
succeeded as to force out two or three of the best-
known professors, and would probably have made the
institution wholly sectarian but for the interference
of Mr. Butler, who saw, if its injudicious friends
could not, that this was not the day, nor this the
community, to turn back a liberal revolution to old-
time bigotry and exclusiveness, and the mischievous
action was reversed. But not without some ill effect
lingering, and possibly not wholly lost yet. The old
site, the gift of Mr. Butler, has been partially sold
out in city lots ; but part has been retained, and, with
the building, is now occupied by the City Orphan
Asylum. The following is the faculty :
Harvey W. Everest, LL.D., president ; Allen R.
Benton, LL.D., William M. Thrasher, A.M., Cath-
arine Merrill, A.M., Scott Butler, A.M., Oliver P.
Hay, A.M., Hugh C. Garvin, A.M., Demarchus C.
Brown, A.M., Virginia K. Allan, Letitia Laughlin,
librarian.
Contemporaneously with the larger institution
a German-English school was maintained for a
number of years on East Maryland Street, east of
Virginia Avenue, and several smaller schools of the
same kind have been carried on in difiFerent parts of
the city, and are still. Though German is now taught
in the city schools, it does not serve the purpose of
German children who have to be taught in the German
language the use of English.
There are five Kindergartens in the city, all of
the last three years. One is in the Riverside
Chapel, corner of McCarty and Chadwick Streets ;
one is at No. 134 West Ohio Street, under Miss
Steiger ; another is at No. 443 North Meridian,
under Miss Jane M. Moore-, the fourth is at No.
224 Broadway, under Miss Ella D. Oakes ; the fifth
at No. 456 North Meridian, Miss Alice Chapin,
principal. There are two schools of the Sacred
Heart, one for girls and one for boys, connected
with the Franciscan Convent, on Palmer Street, and
besides these there are some ten other Catholic schools,
of which an account is given by Rev. Father O'Don-
noghue, in his statement of the Catholic institutions
of the city. Schools, as intimated in the chapter on
churches, are maintained in connection with the
German Evangelical Lutheran Church on New Jer-
sey Street, south of Merrill, and by one or two other
German Lutheran Churches. The Indianapolis
Classical School for Boys is carried on by Mr. T.
L. Sewell on the northwest corner of North and
Alabama Streets, and a similar school for girls is
maintained by the same man at the southeast corner
of St. Joseph and Pennsylvania Streets. A female
seminary of high character, conducted by John H.
Kappes and wife, on North Pennsylvania" Street, till
last summer, was given up by them to go to some
remote Western region. Mr. Hadley, and Mr. Rob-
erts at one time principal of the high school, have
for some years maintained an academy of excellent
repute, which seems to fill much the same place and
need that the old seminary did. Colored schools are
now mainly or wholly carried on in connection with
the city school system.
The first Commercial School was opened here by
Mr. William McK. Scott, who maintained it with
moderate success for some years, and during about a
year, in 1851, as noted in the general history, kept
up a reading-room in connection with it, intending to
make a library a part of the plan ; but the public
would not sustain it. Since then there have been
but few and brief intervals without a commercial
college. Sometimes there have been two or three
together. The oldest and best known was Bryant &
Stratton's, which Mr. Bryant has recently revived
after an absence from the city of several years. Mr.
W. W. Granger also has a commercial school in effi-
cient condition in the upper story of the Vance
Block. Of law and medical schools an account is
given in the chapters touchmg those topics. The
only theological school is that, if it can be called so,
offered by the post-graduate course of Butler Univer-
sity. A serious if not strenuous effort was made to
induce the Legislature to locate the Agricultural Col-
lege here. The location was practically put up at
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
423
auction, to raise means enough to create a competent
endowment with the avails of the land-grant made
by Congress, and Indianapolis bid high. The late
James Johnson made a munificent offer of land west
of the city, but within the township, and other offers
were made with the obvious svjperiority of a central
situation here ; but Mr. Purdue offered a fine site
and a liberal cash endowment, which were just what
the college needed, for the honor of putting his name
to it, and thus Indianapolis lost it. Attempts have
been made, or rather discussed, to remove the State
University here from Bloomington and to remove
Asbury University here from Greencastle, but noth-
ing more than talk ever came of either suggestion,
or ever will, now that a disastrous fire in the State
institution has failed to stir it, in spite of strong sug-
gestions in the papers up about the capital ; and
Asbury has been permanently and munificently en-
dowed by Mr. De Pauw, the citizens of Greencastle,
and the Methodists of Indiana, and has changed its
name to that of its benefactor.
The City Schools. — The education of the city is
so nearly absorbed by the free-school system that no
apology need be made for tracing here the history of
it fully and authentically in the oflBcial reports of the
managers in 1866 :
" During the Legislative session of 1846-47, the
first city charter, prepared by the late Hon. Oliver
H. Smith, for the town of Indianapolis was intro-
duced into the General Assembly. It would have
passed without opposition as a matter of course and
courtesy, had not a well-known member from this
town, Mr. S. V. B. Noel, presented as an amendment
Section 29, which provided that the City Council
should be instructed to lay off the city into suitable
school districts, to provide by ordinance for school
buildings, and the appointment of teachers and su-
perintendents ; and, further, that the Council should
be authorized to levy a tax for school purposes, of
not exceeding one-eighth of one per centum of the
assessment. The amendment met with a vigorous
and determined opposition from several influential
members, whose arguments carried weight ; and the
amendment was in peril, when a prudent and useful
member, who advocated all sides on vexed questions.
moved to still further amend by providing that no
tax should be levied unless so ordered by a vote of
a majority of the town at the ensuing April election,
when the ballots should be marked 'Free Schools'
and ' No Free Schools.' The charter, thus amended,
became a law.
" An animated contest ensued in the town, and at
the first charter election the school question became
the overshadowing issue. The opposition was thin
and noisy. The friends of free schools were quiet,
but resolute, and on the day of election were by no
means sanguine of the result. A citizen, who was to
a considerable degree a representative of the learning,
jurisprudence, and capital of the town, the late vener-
able and eminent Judge Blackford, was earnestly
cheered as he openly voted a ballot indorsed ' Free
Schools.' The cause of impartial education triumphed
by an overwhelming majority.
" The population of Indianapolis was then about
six thousand. City lots and building material were
cheap and abundant ; but the valuation of property
(for taxation) was low, and twelve and a half cents on
a hundred dollars produced but a slender revenue.
The proceeds of the tax were carefully husbanded,
and economically invested, from time to time, in school
lots and buildings. Lots were purchased and houses
built in seven wards of the city, and teachers ap-
pointed, who received their limited compensation from
the patrons of the schools.
" For a period of six years the records show pay-
ments made by the city treasurer for lots and buildings,
but none for teachers' salaries. Previous to 1853
the schools were managed by trustees in each of the
school districts into which the city was divided. The
schools had no central head, and no organization out-
side of the several districts. In January, 1853, the
Council appointed Messrs. H. P. Coburn, Calvin
Fletcher, and H. F. West the first board of trustees
for the city schools. At their first meeting, March
18, 1853, they elected ten teachers for the city schools,
and ordered that they receive two dollars and twenty-
five cents a scholar for the term, to be paid by the
parent or guardian. April 8, 1853, it was ordered
that the Sixth Ward lot be graded. It is interesting
to note that thirteen years elapsed before the grade
424
HISTOKY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
was made. April 25, 1853, the first free schools were
opened for a session of two months. On this date a
eode of rules and regulations, prepared and reported
by Calvin Fletcher, was adopted. These rules were
comprehensive and well matured, and constitute the
basis of the code now in force in the schools. May
14, 1853, occurs the first record of the payment of
salaries to teachers.
" From this time forward the receipts from city
taxation and the State school fund by slow degrees
increased, and the schools flourished and grew in favor
with all good citizens. Early in 1855, Mr. Silas T.
Bowen was appointed superintendent of the schools,
with instructions to visit and spend a day in each
school every month, and to meet the teachers every
Saturday for review of the work done, instruction in
teaching, and classification. His contract with the
board called for about one-third of his time in the
discharge of these and other duties. It is clear, from
the arduous labor performed, that the schools got the
best of this bargain.
"March 2, 1856, Mr. George B. Stone was ap-
pointed superintendent. All his time was given to
the schools, and they were conducted with vigor and
success. The schools were fully and generously sus-
tained by the public. The revenue, in great part de-
rived from local taxation, was sufficient to sustain
them prosperously during the full school year. But
this period was of short duration. Early in 1858,
the Supreme Court of the State decided that it was
unconstitutional for cities and towns to levy and collect
taxes for the payment of tuition. The effect was
most disastrous. It deprived the city schools of the
principal part of their revenue, and in spite of gen-
erous efforts on the part of a portion of the public
the free-school graded system, which had taken ten
years to build up, was destroyed at a blow. The su-
perintendent and many of the teachers emigrated to
regions where schools were, like light and air, com-
mon and free to all, with no constitutional restrictions
or judicial decisions warring against the best interests
of the people.
" Then commenced the dark age of the public
schools. The school-houses were rented to such
teachers as were willing, or able from scant patronage,
to pay a small pittance for their use. The State fund
was only sufficient to keep the schools open one feeble
free quarter each year ; and, in 1859, even this was
omitted for want of money. (The schools remained
in this crippled condition, improving hardly at all, till
after the outbreak of the war. Then a new set of
Supreme Court judges succeeded to that bench, and
virtually reviewed and reversed the disastrous deci-
sion.) The Legislature then made provision for more
efficient and prosperous schools, and fuller taxation
for their support.
" During the last five years (from 1861 to 1866)
the schools have been rapidly gaining in length of
term, and in general prosperity and usefulness. We
cannot here give even a condensed statement of the
successive steps by which this improvement has been
accomplished. The schools during the last two years
have been in session the usual school year of thirty-
nine weeks. Considering the ten years required to
develop an efficient system of schools, previous to the
judicial blotting-out, and the slow growth of the nine
subsequent years, it is hoped that no further disaster
will occur to set them back another decade, but that
they may go on increasing in strength and vigor, and
each succeeding year be stronger and better than the
last."
In April, 1854, an enumeration of the school pop-
ulation was taken by order of the board of trustees.
The number of persons in the city between the ages
of five and twenty-one was found to be three thousand
and fifty-three. The number enrolled in the schools
was eleven hundred and sixty, with a daily average of
eight' hundred and one, all about evenly distributed
among the seven wards into which the city was then
divided. At the high school, conducted upon a rather
1 ow grade for lack of proficient pupils to go higher,
were one hundred and fifteen children, in the old
seminary, under the direction of Mr. E. P. Cole, who
served at one thousand dollars a year.
The school fund fell off in June, 1858, after the
decision of the Supreme Court, till the balance in the
city treasury belonging to the schools was only twenty-
eight dollars and ninety-eight cents. At that time
Mr. Thomas J. Vater was employed to take care of
the school property, a good deal of which was, or soon
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
425
became, vacant from the paralysis of the system, and
was often abused by the riotous occupancy of tramps,
thieves, and strumpets. Mr. James Green was ap-
pointed school director in September, 1858, at a salary
of five hundred dollars a year when employed, and
two hundred and fifty dollars in vacation. In term
time he was to give half of his time to his school
duties. In April, 1859, the school fund had accu-
mulated to three thousand five Imndrcd and forty-
seven dollars for the current expenses of the schools,
and in June the amount belonging to the tuition fund
was three thousand three hundred and seventy-seven
dollars. In order that the accumulation of means,
in the crippled condition of resources made by the
court, might be suflBcient to maintain the schools ef-
fectively when they were opened, the opening was
put ofi' till February, 1860, just two years after the
calamity that had overtaken them. Teachers to the
number of twenty nine were appointed, at salaries
from one hundred dollars down to fifty dollars a
quarter. The high school, killed in 1858, was not
resurrected till August 18, 1864.
In June, 1861, the first board of trustees, com-
posed of a representative of each ward elected by the
voters of the ward, was organized. Previously three
trustees had been elected by the Council. In 1865
the law was again changed and the trustees elected
by the council till 1871, when a board of school com-
missioners was created, each commissioner to repre-
sent a school district. The first districts were the
nine city wards, each ward making one ; but the
commissioners, being authorized to change the districts
when they deem it necessary, have made eleven. The
commissioners hold ofiice three years, and have com-
plete control of all taxes, revenues, outlays, buildings,
teachers, libraries, apparatus, grounds, everything
appertaining to the school system, but they must ac-
count every year to the county board for their receipts
and expenses.
At the close of the winter term, 1861, the schools
remained closed till February, 1862, continuing in
session then for twenty-two weeks. Professor George
W. Hoss was appointed school director, to serve dur-
ing the school term, giving one-half his time to the
schools, at a salary of five hundred dollars per annum.
28
Twenty-nine teachers were appointed at the following
rates of pay, being an increase on the previous sala-
ries : Principals of grammar schools, one hundred
and fifty dollars a term of eleven weeks ; assistants
of same, seventy-five dollars. Principals of interme-
diate departments, seventy-five to eighty-five dollars
a term ; and teachers in the primary schools, fifty to
sixty-eight dollars. The aggregate compensation of
teachers for the two terms was four thousand six hun-
dred and fifty-eight dollars. Miss Nebraska Cropsey,
the present and for a number of years past superinten-
dent of the primary department, first appears among
the teachers in 1862. She has been in the schools
twenty-two years continuously, and always most cflB-
ciently.
Owing to the pressure of taxation, by reason of the
war of the Rebellion, the annual levy made in
March, 1862, was reduced to three cents on each
one hundred dollars valuation, and thirty cents on
each poll. The same spring, by order of the trustees,
shade-trees were planted on all the school property.
In October of this year Professor Hoss was appointed
superintendent. He was required to give one-fourth
of his time to the schools for the quarterly pay of
sixty-two dollars and fifty cents. The next term of the
schools opened in- November, 1862, with twenty-eight
teachers. The salaries were fixed at the following
! prices for each day's services actually rendered :
Principals of the grammar schools, two dollars and
fifty cents per day ; assistants, one dollar ; principals
of the First, Third, Fourth, Sixth, and Seventh
Wards (one-story buildings), one dollar and twenty-
five cents per day ; principals of the First, Second,
Fifth, and Eighth Wards (two-story buildings), one
dollar and fifty cents per day ; primary and secondary
principals, one dollar and ten cents ; and all assistants,
eighty-five cents a day. A few months later an in-
crease of twenty per cent, on the above salaries was
voted.
In the spring of 1863 the trustees levied a tax of
fifteen cents on the one hundred dollars. The pay-
roll of twenty-nine teachers for the quarter ending
May 2, 1863, amounted to two thousand eight hun-
dred and thirty-four dollars. On the 29th of Au-
gust, 1864, the trustees, by resolution, defined at
426
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
lena;th the duties of superintendent, fixed the salary
at one thousand dollars a year, and elected to the
position Professor A. C. Shortridge. The income
arising from special taxation and the apportionment
from the State tuition fund now rapidly increased,
so that the schools, in spite of the rapid increase of
the number of pupils, were kept open during the
usual school year of thirty-nine weeks. In August,
1864, the high school, which went down in the
crash of 1858, was again organized in the school-
house on the corner of Vermont and New Jersey
Streets, and placed in
charge of W. A. Bell, at ^-~s~^-~^~."^ ~ ~^-- *^e-- '>~-"*:
a salary of nine hundred
dollars a year. Mr. Bell
was for some years presi-
dent of the school board.
William Allen Bell
was born near Jefferson,
Clinton Co., Ind., Jan.
30, 1833. His father,
Nathaniel Bell, settled in
Michigantown, in the
same county, when young
Bell was only six years
of age, and the village
and vicinity continued to
be his home until he was
twenty years old. His
early education was ob-
tained in the common
school, and at the age of
eighteen he taught his first
school of sixty-five days
for one dollar per day and board himself,
to recall the inaugural address of Horace Mann upon
the opening of Antioch College at Yellow Springs,
111., in 1853, at which time he entered the prepara-
tory department of that institution, from which he
was graduated in 1860 with a standing above the
average of his class. Dependent entirely upon his
own resources to defray the expenses of his college
course, he met this necessary obstacle with a will to
succeed by engaging in outside work and teaching
during his vacations and in connection with his
He likes
studies. Upon leaving college he went to Missis-
sippi as a teacher, but the breaking out of the war
caused his return the same year. In 1861 and 1862
he had charge of the schools at Williamsburg, Ind.,
and in the summer of 1863 he was chosen principal
of the Second Ward school at Indianapolis. Upon
the organization of the present city high school, in
1864, Mr. Bell was made its principal. In 1865 he
was superintendent of the schools of Richmond, Ind.,
and the following year resumed the principalship of
the Indianapolis high school at an increased salary,
which position he filled
creditably until the close
of the school-year 1871.
During the last four years
of this time he served as
school examiner for Mar-
ion County, and in the
summer of 1870 visited
Europe. On July 20,
1871, Mr. Bell married
Miss Eliza C. Cannell, a
woman of high literary
attainments, a native of
Waterford, N. Y., who
had efficiently served as
first assistant teacher in
the city high school for
five years prior to her
marriage.
In August, 1871, he
became sole proprietor and
editor of the Indiana
School Journal, and has
devoted his time and energies largely to its interests
since, thereby increasing its size, improving its char-
acter, and more than quadrupling its circulation. In
his hands the Journal has been a power for good, and
Indiana teachers have reason to be proud of it. In
1873, Mr. Bell was president of the Indiana State
Teachers' Association, and since 1873, over ten years,
he has been a member of the Indianapolis School
Board, of which time he has served seven consecu-
tive years as its presiding officer. His practical
knowledge of school work has made him a most val-
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
427
uable member of the board, and his long gratuitous
service cannot easily be repaid.
Since his connection with the Journal Mr. Bell
has spent much time in traveling over the State
doing school work, and his efficient school labors in
teachers' institutes and lecturing tours have reached
eighty-nine out of ninety-two counties in the State.
His editorial writings are perspicuous, and have a
remarkable adaptedness to his purpose and his read-
ers, and have exerted a pronounced influence upon
school legislation and methods. Whether in the
school, the church, or in any other field of labor,
Mr. Bell is known as a faithful and conscientious
man, and his candor, earnestness, sociability, and
high moral and Christian worth have won for him a
large circle of friends.
In the spring of 1865 the income from the special
fund was fifteen thousand nine hundred and eighty-
three dollars, and from the tuition fund fourteen
thousand four hundred and eighty-nine dollars. In
April of that year, under the new common-school
law of the State, a board of three trustees was elected
b}' the Common Council, and in the summer they
ordered the erection of the first really adequate and
creditable school buildings of the city. One was on
the corner of Blackford and Michigan Streets, the
other on the corner of Vermont and Davidson Streets.
The two, with the fences and out-buildings, cost
seventy-one thousand dollars. Thenceforward the
managers built only large, durable, and valuable
houses. It is not necessary to notice the addition
of these to the school system in detail. In 1866
was issued a full report of the condition and prog-
ress of the schools, from which this sketch of their
history has been condensed. During the school
year, 1869-70, schools for colored pupils were
opened in the old houses of the Fourth and Sixth
Wards. A second story was added to the Fourth
Ward house in 1870, and an evening school for
colored pupils opened in the winter of 1871.
Evening Schools were reported in 1871 to have
had the preceding winter three hundred and seven-
teen pupils enrolled, the average attendance being
one hundred and sixty-one. The total cost was but
five hundred and seven dollars, or one dollar and
fifty-nine cents per enrolled pupil and three dollars
and fifteen cents per pupil actually attending. The
first report says, —
" Their instructions have been eminently useful to
a class of persons who have no other opportunities
for obtaining useful learning, but their numbers
should be largely increased from that class of un-
taught boys and girls who, as at present situated,
are subjected to the worst influences during the long
nights of winter. The evening schools have been
even too respectable, containing few youth who are
not of confirmed steady and industrious habits. We
earnestly commend these schools to all good citizens
as worthy of their best endeavors to increase the in-
terest in them by frequent visitations, and to add to
their numbers by solicitations, watchfulness, and
missionary effort among those young persons who
can hardly escape becoming bad citizens unless res-
cued by the influences thrown around them in these
schools by exciting a thirst for knowledge which shall
overcome the fascinations of idleness and vice."
In 1866 the lowest school age, which had previ-
ously been five years, was increased to six, reducing
the total of enrollment for that year from twelve
thousand four hundred and fifty-five in 1865 to nine
thousand one hundred and seventy-seven. Part of
the difference is ascribed to incomplete returns.
Since 1870 all children, colored and white alike, are
counted in the school enumeration. On the basis of
this the Slate's fund, derived from the State school tax
and the income of the congressional township fund
and the sinking fund, is apportioned to the counties
and cities and school districts. The city school
tax constitutes a large and indispensable part of the
school revenue. This is now assessed by the school
board, but until within a few years past was fixed by
the City Council with other city taxes. The rate of
school tax is limited to twenty cents on one hundred
dollars.
A recent report of the school board presents some
interesting facts in regard to the grounds and houses,
modes of lighting, warming, and ventilating, that are
important in giving the reader a clear idea of the
free-school system of Indianapolis in its entirety.
Where so many thousands of those whose habits are
428
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
unformed, physical systems immature, and modes of
life unsettled have to pass so large a portion of every
working-day, the conditions touching health are of
the highest importance. President Bell says of the
school grounds, " It has been the policy of tlie
board to purchase large lots upon which to erect
school-houses ; the lots will average for twelve-room
buildings one hundred and fifty by two hundred
feet ; and for smaller buildings the lots average one
hundred and twenty-five by two hundred feet. In
most instances these lots are bounded on three sides
by streets and alleys. Sixteen of them are corner lots.
Schools Nos. 3, 4, and 9 have less than the desired
amount of space, but in no instance does the school
building cover one-third the lot upon which it stands.
Id no instance does a neighboring building stand
within the distance of its own height from the school
building. In other words, no building stands so near
a school-house as in any perceptible degree to cut off
its light or air. Thus the size and location of the
school lots secure sufficient playground, and ample
light and air."
In regard to the construction and character of the
school buildings he says, " Out of our twenty-six
school buildings but three are more than two stories
high, and one of these three will be abandoned soon.
This arrangement saves the climbing of stairs by
both teachers and pupils, and greatly lessens danger
in case of fire. The halls and stairways are uni-
formly wide, and all outside doors and all doors that
open from the school-rooms into halls swing outward
on their hinges to prevent danger in case of a panic.
The school-rooms are, with few exceptions, twenty-
seven by thirty feet in size, and most of them four-
teen feet in height of ceiling. This gives fifty pupils,
which is more than the average number in a room,
each seventeen square feet of floor space and two
hundred and thirty-eight cubic feet of air space. All
school-rooms are furnished with comfortable desks ;
twelve rooms with double desks, two hundred and
six with single desks.''
Of heating and ventilation he says, " The simple
matter of heating a school-room is comparatively an
easy task, but to heat it and at the same time ven-
tilate it so that the air can be kept pure in it when
it is occupied by fifty pupils, is a problem most diffi-
cult to solve. The solution the board has arrived at
is to make a separate ventilating shaft for each
room, and they have done this in all the buildings
erected for several years past. The foul-air registers
have twice the capacity of the heat registers. The
stoves used for heating warm the cold air before it
gets to the pupil. This system is applied to about
one hundred school-rooms, and gives the best satis-
faction. The average of children to a room in the
primary department is about fifty, and it ought not
to be more than forty. That of other departments
is thirty-eight."
Of the lighting of the school-rooms the report
says, '■ Next in importance to pure air in a school-
room is good light. Too much care cannot be taken
of the children's eyesight. It is safe to say that
there is not a hadly-lighted school-room in the city.
Out of the two hundred and ten rooms in use, in
not one of them do the children sit facing the light,
and in one hundred and sixty-four of them the light
is admitted from the left hand and from the back,
and in fifteen rooms from the left hand only, and in
the remaining thirty-one the light comes from the
right hand and the back. In our later buildings all
the rooms are so arranged as to admit the light from
the back and the left only, and this is the best possi-
ble arrangement, according to the weight of authority
and our experience.
" There are in these buildings four windows in
each room, — two in the rear and two at the side, —
each window nine feet six inches by three feet ten
inches in size."
CoTTRSE OP Instruction. — In the first applica-
tion of the system of grades to the city schools there
were four divisions, the primary, the intermediate,
the grammar, and the high school. Some years later,
about the close of the war or soon after, these were
reduced to three grades, the primary, the intermedi-
ate, and the high school. Still later the intermediate
was changed to a grammar department, as appears in
the "Manual of 1881," and four years were assigned
to each, making a full course of the free schools cover
twelve years. Since 1881 the grammar department
has been eliminated and the course below the high
SCHOOLS AND LIBKARIE8 OF INDIANAPOLIS.
429
school runs on continuously from the first year to the
eighth. In each year there are two grades, the lower,
B, advancing quarterly into the next, or A grade.
The first year has Grade 1 B and Grade 1 A ; the
second year, Grade 2 B and Grade 2 A ; the third
year, Grade 3 B and Grade 3 A ; the fourth year.
Grade 4 B and Grade 4 A, and so on through the
fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth years, each year
marking the numbers of the grades in it. There are
two quarters to each year, and the school year consists
of thirty-nine weeks.
First Year, or Grade 1 B. — Reading Monroe's
" Chart Primer," spelling by sound words of reading,
general lessons, inventions, and oral lessons on pictures
and plants, music, writing. These for the first quar-
ter. Second quarter the same, with addition of arith-
metic, counting with and without objects, and finding
a given number of objects. The general lessons on
color and animals. 1 A, reading, spelling, arithmetic;
color), writing, drawing, music, continued through
both quarters. 2 A, reading, spelling, arithmetic,
language, writing, drawing, music, through both
quarters.
Third Year, 3 B. — The course in both quarters
consists of the same studies substantially as in Grade
2 A, with slight variations that are of no conse-
quence to such a summary as this. 3 A, the same
as 2 A, advancing in the text-books, and in the
second quarter introducing geography.
Fourth Year, 4 A— The same as in 3 A, last quar-
ter, with some changes of textbooks and methods,
continuing through both quarters. 4 A still contin-
ues reading, spelling, arithmetic, language, geography,
writing, drawing, and music through both quarters.
Both B and A are going the same road, with one a
little ahead of the other.
The other four years of the course preceding the
high school continue the same studies, only advancing
general lessons (the human body and drawing, first from quarter to quarter till the seventh year of A,
quarter ; oral compositions on pictures and lessons on ] when history is introduced and kept up through the
plants, second quarter), music, writing. year, and introduced in the eighth year of B. In
Second Year, 2 B. — Reading, spelling, arithmetic,
language (how to talk, oral compositions, lessons on
eighth year of A physiology is introduced, and con-
tinued through the year in the place of history.
HIGH SCHOOLS.
Matheuatics.
Weeks.
Science.
(September Classes.)
Weeks.
Science.
(January Classes.)
Weeks.
Ss
20 .
20
20
10
10
2. Physical Geography
, J 1. Physical Geography...
1 (2. Physics
20
10
10
„ f 1. Physical Geography...
12. Physios
.
-»i
20
20
20
20
20
10
10
2. Arithmetic
2. Botany
^ 1 1. Solid Oeometry
20
20
, I 1. Botany
10
10
20
20
20
^2
1-
2. Trigonometrtf and
1. Chemistry
It
i-1
20
20
20
20
2. Laboratory
1. Astronomy
2. Zoology
1. Geology
20
20
20
20
430
HISTORF OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
HIQH SCHOOLS— CimA'ntKd.
Enoush.
WeelsB.
Commercial and
History.
Weeks.
Language.
Weeks.
4
1 Grammar
20
20
2. Rhetoric, Literature, Read-
20
20
1. Commercial Course
20
20
40
4
H
20
20
, f 1. Orecian HiHortj
( 2. Roman History
„ h. Mediaval HiHury...
'■■ \ 2. iiodern History
20
20
1
Oerinan, Latin, Oreek,
40
4
I. Civil Government, United
20
20
20
German, Latin, Greek,
or French
40
Themes 20
2. Engiish Literature and
The required branches are in Roman letters and the elective branches in italic. Drawing and music are also elective in the
first year. The Commercial Course Includes book-keeping, commercial law, and a review of arithmetic, and is designed especially
for pupils who intend business pursuits. Three recitations daily are required to complete the high school course in four years.
STATISTICS OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS FOR THIRTY TEARS, 1853 TO 1883.
No. of
No.
Teach-
No. of
Average
Average
+t Salary
Salary
Salary of
Principals of
District Schools.
Date.
•School
Census.
Weeks
of
J Salaries Paid
to TeachetB.
Different
Pupils
Whole
Number
Daily
Atten-
Per Cent, of
Attendance.
Superin-
Principal
of High
School.
School.
Enrolled.
Belonging.
dance.
tendent.
10
t876
t 76
400
3,053
3,901
$250
300
1,160
$500
1855
22
20
1000
500
4,5(14
4,338
4,739
4,934
6,178
4,803
4,965
500
\
500
1
1859
'406
400
1862
22
29
200 to 340
500
400 to 600
6,863
11,907
2,040
2,374
300 to 600
1864
36
30
240 to 260
1,260
1096
64.86
1200
900
300 to 700
1865
12,455
38
28
360 to 376
2,.'>33
1,428
1305
92.
1500
1000
600 to 620
1866
tt 9,177
39
34
400
3,242
1,753
1000
91.2
2000
1000
500 to 620
1867
8,964
40
44
400
4,149
2.502
2361
94.2
2000
a250
600 to 620
1868
9,.507
40
62
40O to600
4,949
3,250
3099
95.
2000
1500
600 to 700
1869
11.028
40
78
400 to 600
5,160
3,649
3375
94.9
2000
1600
» 1200
1870
01 13,082
40
92
400 to 600
5,795
3,967
3769
94.7
2400
1700
\\ 1300
1871
141617
40
103
40U to 600
6,660
4,468
4205
94.4
2400
1600
U 1300
1872
15,718
40
112
400 to 600
6,896
4,676
4379
93.6
2400
2300
600 to 800
1873
16,a27
40
128
450 to 6.50
8,178
5,728
5306
92.6
300O
2400
700 to 1100
1874
19.125
40
161
450 to 650
9,351
6,756
0283
94.
3000
2400
700 to 1100
1875
20,723
40
176
450 to 650
11,013
7,457
7210
95.3
2800
2400
700 to 1100
1876
21,2M
40
189
450 to 650
12,315
7,686
7686
92.
2500
2400
700 to 1100
1877
22,806
40
203
450 to 650
13,679
. 8,605
7920
92.
250O
2000
700 to 1100
1878
25,012
40
208
450 to 600
13,178
9,264
8665
93.5
2500
1800
700 to 1000
1879
26,039
40
213
420 to 670
13,336
9,543
8912
93.3
2500
1750
700 to 1000
1880
26,789
40
219
400 to 600
13,960
9,645
8925
92.6
2500
1750.
700 to 1000
1881
28,959
39
2.33
400 to 600
12,833
9,750
9065
92.8
3000
1800
800 to 1100
1882
30,888
39
235
300 to 600
13,277
10,198
9495
93.2
3000
1800
800 to 1100
1883
32,079
39
259
300 to 600
13,685
10,753
9938
92.4
3000
1800
800 to 1100
* The census from 1S54 to 1865 included all white persons between five and twenty-one years ; from 1866 to 1871, all between the ages of six
and twenty-one ; and since 1870, all white aud colored persons between the last -mentioned ages,
t City Clerk, acting school director.
i Salaries are ba^ed on the rale per annum for a full school year of forty weeks.
^Superintendent was also principal of the high school.
I High Bch"ol suspended until lSt>4.
** No free schools — school-houses rented,
ft From 1858 to 1863 the executive officer of the board
time.
It This fatting off in the census is ascribed to the minimu
incomplete returns.
g§ Two principals only appointed ; one for the districts north and <
II Includes the first enumeration of colored persons of school age
called the " Director." His pay was $2f
.m age being increased by one year (si
I during vacation and $500 during term
: and twenty-one years) and in part to
J for the districts south of Washington Street.
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
431
Present Condition.— In the following tables,
taken from the last reports of the board of commis-
sioners and the school officers, is presented as full
and accurate a view of the present condition of the
public schools as can be obtained. No additions have '
been made to the houses or lots of this or other prop-
erty of the schools since the compilation of the fol-
lowing statistical table, which is for the year 1881,
so that it is as complete as if made for the past year
(1883) :
TABLE SHOWING SCHOOL PROPERTY, SIZE,
LOCATION, COST OF GROUNDS, BUILDINGS. FURNITURH
, ETC., JULY 1, 1881.
School
Buildings.
Location and Size of Lots.
1 Date of
Erection.
Cost or
Estimated
Value of
Sites.
Cost of
Buildings
and
Improve-
ments.
a
1
No. of
Seats.
How
Seated.
How
Heated.
Value of
Furni-
ture and
School
Appa-
ratus.
Total
Value of
Property.
No. 1
Corner Vermont and New Jersey
Streets. Lot 90 bv 195.
Corner Delaware and Walnut Streets
Lot 187)..; by 95.
Meridian Street, between Ohio and
New York. Lot 136 l.y 196.
Corner Blackford and Michigan Sis.
Lot 167 1.. by 210.
Maryland Street, between Mississippi
and Missouri. Lot m]4 by 196.
Corner Union and Pbipps Streets. Lot
266 by 139.
Corner Bates and Benton Streets. Lot
180 by 100.
Virginia Avenue, near Huron Street.
Lot 240 by 125.
Corner Vennon t and Davidsun Streets
Lot 150 by 100.
Corner Ash Street and Home Avenue.
Lot 136 by 264.
Corner Fourth and Tenne-^see Streets
Lot 122 by 208.
Corner West and McCarty Streets. Lot
164 by 188.
Corner Buchanan and Beatv Streets.
Lot 164 by 231.
OhioStreet.east of Highland Avenue.
Lotl.S5ii by 219.
Market Street, between West and Cal-
ifornia. Lot 67 by 2(]4.
Indianola, corner Rav and Plum
Streets. Lot 173 by 181.
Corner Michigan and Huntington
Streets. Lot .
Tandes Street, between Home Avenue
and Lincoln Street. Lot 120 bv 168.
Shelby Street, south of Virginia Ave-
nue. Lot 61 by 160.
Spruce Street, south of Prospect. Lot
198 by 181.
New York Street, between Illinois and
Tennessee. Lot 82 V, by 125.
Corner Chestnut and Hrll Streets. Lot
118 by 223.
Corner Fourth and Howard Streets.
Lot 183 by 201.
Corner North and Minerva Streets.
Lot 136ft by 20S^„.
Corner New Jersey and Merrill Streets.
Lot .
Beeler Street, between Lincoln Ave-
nueand7thSt. Lot 165.6 by 174.4.
Corner Pennsylvania and Michigan
Streets. Lot 2b2}4 by 196.
East Street, north of~ Louisiana. Lot
90 by 200.
East Washington Street, near Deaf and
Dumb Asylum . Lot 65 by 193.
Pennsylvania Street, south of Sooth.
Lot 59>!; by 160.
Comer Pennsvlvn nia and Ohio Streets.
Lot 120 by "120.
Add the books and furniture of c
1881
1871
1875
1867
Recon-
s'ted 1869
1868
1872
1867
1867
1872
1872
1874
1873
1878
Recun-
s'tedl870
1873
1873
1876
1878
1876
Recon-
s'ted 1862
1876
1830
18S0
1881
1881
1872
Not in nee
Not in use
Not in use
1880
ty library
811.500.00
32,660.00
40,597.50
10,000.00
7,000.011
16,000.00
n,6no.o(
16.000.no
13,000.00
15,250.00
12,200.00
7,000.00
6,500.00
4,900.00
4,500.00
3,000.00
4,000 00
3,600.00
2,800.00
6,000.00
12,000.00
6,000.00
2,600.00
2,600.00
8,500.00
2,000.00
60,000.00
7,000.00
6,600.00
6,000.00
Sll,446.35
42,431.76
51,131 45
45,046.00
2,000.00
40,600.00
28,061.00
5,106.02
46,600.00
32,043.00
25,291.65
22,000.00
32,078.41
10,241.32
3,300.00
3,500.00
23,401.35
.5,342 00
6,032.00
26,706.00
2,000.00
16,518.28
6,483.36
10,871.03
10,134.19
11,890.46
50,000.00
8
14
13
12
4
12
12
6
12
14
12
8
12
8
4
3
8
4
4
8
4
8
:
8
8
7
448
777
720
700
210
683
644
284
693
777
603
382
628
483
144
168
336
205
161
423
454
381
209
362
504
434
643
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
S'gle &
double
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
S'gle &
double
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Double
seats
Single
seats
Single
Si'agle
seats
Single
seats
Single
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Single
seats
Grossius
beaters
Steam
Steam
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
beaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
beaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
heaters
Grossius
beaters
Grossius
heaters
beaters
Grossius
heaters
Heaters &
furnace
82,095.20
6,709.88
3,265.66
4,614.72
1,081.64
4,330.64
3,475.26
962.40
6,174.90
3,744.60
2,097.56
2,059.10
3,118.90
1,962.82
831.60
829.81
2,055.61
766.00
506.66
2,856.65
200.00
1,858.66
783.66
1,660.47
1,641.32
396.63
9,019.76
$26,040.56
81,791.63
94,984.60
69,660.72
10.081.64
69,830.64
42,536.26
21,059.02
63,674.90
51,037.60
39,689.20
31,069.10
41,697.31
17,094.14
8,631.50
7,329.81
29,466.96
9,608.00
8,638.65
34,662.85
14,200.00
23,376.93
10,067.02
15,031.50
20.175.61
14,287.09
119,019.76
7,000.00
8,000.00
6,000.00
2,989.11
No. 2
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11
No. 12
No. 13
No. 14
No. 15
No. 16
No. 18
No. 19
No. 21
No. 22
No 23
No. 24
No. 25
High School.
Old No. 7....
Old No. 14....
Old No. 6....
1.4G6..5lj ...
Lib. B'lding..
...
Grossius
heaters
1,622.60
$334,997.50
nd oflBce fu
5572,021.73 225
11,946
869,392.67
$976,411.90
36,000.00
$1,011,411.90
432
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
25,257
7,822
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
1. Legal school age, six to twenty years inclusive.
2. Number of population according to the census : 1882.
Under six
Between six and sixteen 23,990
Over sixteen 6,89S
3. Whole number of different pupils enrolled :
Under six
Between six and sixteen 12,916
Over sixteen 361
4. Number in schools other than public, as reported by census enumerator 1,053
5. Number of school days in the year 190
6. Number of days taught 185
7. Estimiited real value of property used for school purposes, grounds, or sites $334,907,50
8. Buildings 572,021.73
Furniture 69,392.67
Total 976,321.90
9. Total taxable property of city, assessed value.... 52,633,500.00
Tax for school purposes, mills per dollar, assessed value .02
13,378
307
. 2,833
190
186
$346,347.50
602,1171.73
72,682.67
1,021,101.90
53,081,400.00
.02
10. Number of rooms in which pupils are seated for study and recita-
tion under (me teacher
11. Number of rooms in charge of two or more teachers
12. Number of rooms used for recitation only
13. Number of school buildings
14. Number of sittings for study
15. Number of teachers, January, including principals:
Males
Females
16. Average number of teachers
17. Number of pupils enrolled
18. Average daily attendance
19. Average daily attendance per teacher
!,678 599
1,772 ■ 444
28
12,279
11
233
244
13,151
9,938
40.7
224
7
12
29
12,822
18
241
259
13,709
10,442
ANNUAL SALARIES.
1882.
Of superintendent S3000
Of assistant superintendent 2000
Of superintendent of primary instruction... 1400
Of special teacher of music 1295
Of special teacher of drawing 1450
Of principal of normal school 1650
Of principal of high school 1800
Of assistants 950
Of principals of ward schools $800 to 1100
Of assistants in ward schools 300 to 600
Expense of instruction per capita based on av
attendance :
Tuition S14.57
Incidentals 4.27
Total $18.84
$19.12
NUMBER OP SCHOOL CHILDREN BY COMMISSIONERS' DIS-
TRICTS, 1883
No. 1 1,685
No. 2 1,764
No. 3 1,596
No. 4 3,857
No. 5 3,868
No. 6 3,484
No. 7 2,413
No. 8 5,118
No. 9 2,477
No. 10 4,193
No. 11 2,624
Total 33,078
Transfers 91
Total 33,170
STATEMENT OF ATTENDANCE, ETC.
1882. 1883.
Enrollment 13,277 1.3,685
Average number belonging 10,198 10,753
Average attendance 9,495 9,938
Per cent, of attendance 93.2 92.4
Cases of tardiness 8,244 6,054
Number of tardy pupils 3,571 3,539
Number of pupils neither absent
nor tardy 1,777 3,659
Number of truancies 553 555
Number of truant pupils 352 422
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
433
TABLE SHOWING THE RELATION BETWEEN SCHOOL CENSUS
AND SCHOOL ENROLLMENT.
Total.
Enroll-
ment.
Tate Schools.
White.
Colored.
Work.
1869...
10,407
621
11,028
5,160
Not given.
•Not given.
1870...
12,274
808
13,082
5,795
**
«
1871...
13,714
903
14,617
6,560
"
"
1872...
14,708
1010
15,718
6,895
«
"
187.'i...
16,035
894
16,927
8,178
"
"
1874...
18,074
1051
19,125
9,351
"
• 1
18-3...
19,734
989
20,723
10,013
"
«
1876...
19,925
1330
21,255
:2,3!5
2100
4739
1877...
21,095
1711
22,806
13,679
1340
3931
1878...
23,956
2056
25,012
13,178
1156
3265
1879...
23,738
2301
26,039
13,336
1597
4680
1880...
22,253
2776
26,029
■13,936
1116
.■i652
1881...
25,961
2998
28,959
13,964
1334
3643
1882...
27,372
3516
30,888
13,277
1053
3636
1883...
29,363
3716
33,079
13,685
2833
7731
In Private Schools. — In Indianapolis the number
enrolled in all schools other than public is thirteen
and a half per cent, of the public school enroll-
ment.
Per
Cent.
In Fort Wayne, Ind S3
In Logansport, Ind 45
In Terre Haute, Ind 17
In Viocennes, Ind 51
In Madison, Ind 57
In Detroit, Mich 47
In Chicago, III 39
In St. Louis, Mo 34
In Buffalo, N. T 40
In Cincinnati, Ohio 51
In Cleveland, Ohio 46
EXPENDITURES.
Expended
1881-82.
Expended
1882-83.
Eatimatea
1883-84.
Tuition
$148,648.17
$159,876.00
9,192.00
3,053.60
6,561.10
91.60
256.00
4,969.94
5,916.08
1,092.33
2.003.31
$160 000.00
Janitors
8,938.60
2,841.77
6,351.68
100.60
256.00
1,478.12
6,7.36.81
1,538.72
1,992.66
9,500.00
3,100.00
6 500 00
Fuel
(Ins
100 00
Water
Furniture
300.00
1,500.00
Repairs and expenses-
6,000.00
1,500.00
1,900.00
3,879.14 ' 4-040-52
4,000.00
500.00
671.18
530.17
648.26
23,580.09
154.35
1,116.17
679.63
22.20
10,784.41
4,097.88
588.88
9,342.14
990.80
20,442.11
1,000.00
400.00
805.75
814.04
82.20
8,881.33
3,952.87
621.10
11,305.32
1,000.00
1,000.00
100.00
Interest
9,000.00
4,500.00
600.00
12,500.00
$231,328.97
$248,596.66
$225,000.00
The Gregg Fund.— This is the bequest of Thomas
D. Gregg, one of the early teachers of the city, who
died in Virginia some years ago. The condition of
the gift was that the value of the lands of which it
consisted should be safely invested and the income
applied to the city schools. The last report of the
trustee of the fund, Mr. Merritt, shows that the
amount of it is ten thousand two hundred and one
dollars and eleven cents, and the income fund is one
thousand seven hundred and forty-three dollars and
thirty-three cents.
Normal School. — In 1867 a normal school depart-
ment was formed, and placed in charge of Miss Fu-
nelle, in which the chief purpose was the education
and training of the pupils of our own schools for
teachers in them. The present superintendent of this
department, Mr. Lewis H. Jones, says that fifty-seven
per cent, of the teachers now in the city schools have
graduated from it since 1867. He says that according
to present regulations applicants must be at least
eighteen years of age, and of good moral character
and good health, with an education equivalent to that
given by the high school, but that graduates of that
school may be subjected to competitive examination
by the principal of the normal school. There are now
two departments in it, — a theory department, in
which instruction in methods of teaching and in
school management is given ; and a practice depart-
ment, in which the pupil-teachers, under the care of
a competent critic, put into practice the theories of
school work learned in the other. Each pupil-teacher
is required to remain in each department twenty
weeks, filling the place of a regular teacher during
her stay in the practice-school, without pay, her in-
struction paying for her services. The following is
an outline of the course of study :
Psychology, one recitation per day for 20 weeks.
Arithmetic and methods in primary number, 10 weeks
each 20 weeks.
Rhetoric, practical composition, and language 20 weeks.
Botany (elementary), 8; school economy, 12 20 weeks.
Geography, 12; lessons on place. 4; object lessons, 4.. 20 weeks.
Methods in primary reading and spelling, 10; form,
6; moral instruction, 4 20 weeks.
Music, drawing, and penmanship, one lesson per week.
Within the three years sixty-four persons have
received its diploma.
434
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
PRESENT COMMISSIONERS.
Dist. lena expires.
I., J. P. Frenzel, Merchants' National Bank 1885
II., Charles W. Smith, "6 East Washington Street 1885
III., H. G. Carey, corner North and Illinois Streets 1SS6
IV., George Merritt, 411 West Washington Street 1886
v., J. J. Bingham, 148 West Maryland Street 1884
VI., Austin H. Brown, 290 South Meridian Street 1884
VII., E. P. Thompson, Post-Office 1886
VIII., I. W. Stratford, 1S7 Buchanan Street 1886
IX., Clemens Vonnegut, 184 E.ast Washington Street... 1884
X., William A. Bell, No. 12 Journal Building 1885
XL, Robert Browning, 7 and 9 E. Washington Street... 1885
Officers of the Board. — President, Austin H.
Brown ; Secretary, Charles W. Smith ; Treasurer,
H. Gr. Carey ; Superintendent of Schools, H. S. Tar-
bell; Assistant Superintendent, J. J. Mills; Superin-
tendent of Primary Institution, Nebraska Cropsey.
Special Teachers : Jesse H. Brown, drawing ; Charles
E. Emmerich, German. Librarian, William DeM.
Hooper ; Assistant Secretary, Emma B. Ridenour ;
Building and Supply Agent, H. C. Hendrickson ;
Clerk, Therese E. Jones.
Trustees. — From 1853 to 1861, as before stated,
the board of trustees was elected by the Common
Council. From 1861 to 1864 the board was elected
by the people, one from each ward ; and from 1865
to 1871 the trustees were again appointed by the
Council. Ill June, 1871, a board of school commis-
sioners, one from each school district, was elected by
the people.
1853.-j-Henry P. Coburn, Calvin Fletcher, H. F. West. School
Director, the city clerk.
1854.— H. P. Coburn, Calvin Fletcher, John B. Dillon, William
Sheets. Director, the city clerk.
1855. — Calvin Fletcher, David Beaty, James M. Ray. School
Superintendent, Silas T. Bowen.
1856.— Calvin Fletcher, David Beaty, D. V. Culley. Superin-
tendent, George B. Stone.
1857.— D. V. Culley, N. B. Taylor, John Love. Superintendent,
George B. Stone.
1858-59.— D. V. Culley, John Love, David Beaty. Director,
James Greene.
1860, — Caleb B. Smith, Lawrence M. Vance, Cyrus C. Hines.
Director, James Greene.
1861-62. — Oscar Kendrick, D. V. Culley, James Greene, Thomas
B. Elliott, James Sulgrove, Lewis W. Hasselman, Richard
O'Neal. Director, George W. Hoss.
1863-64.— James H. Beall, D. V. Culley, I. H. Roll, Thomas B.
Elliott, Lucien Barbour, James Sulgrove, Alexander Metz-
ger, Charles Coulon, Andrew May, Herman Lieber. Super-
intendent, A. C. Shortridge.
1865-68.— Thomas B. Elliott, William H. L. Noble, Clemens
Vonnegut. Superintendent, A. C. Shortridge.
1869-70.— William H. L. Noble, James C. Yohn, John R. Elder.
Superintendent, A. C. Shortridge.
Commissioners. — The board of school commis-
sioners of this city was organized in July, 1871, and
since then the following gentlemen have served on
the board: John R. Elder, James C. Yohn, H. 6.
Carey, Thomas B. Elliott, J. J. Bingham, Austin H.
Brown, William F. Reasner, Peter Routier, Clemens
Vonnegut, Thomas R. Norris, A. L. Roache, Moses
R. Barnard, John M. Youart, C. C. Hines, E. R.
Moody, George Merritt, Charles W. Smith, John
Coburn, Robert Browning, I. W. Stratford, Edward
P. Tiiompson, and John P. Frenzel.
City Library. — This is by far the largest, most
complete, and best-managed library in the State. It
is a part of the city school system, under the direction
of the board of school commissioners, and supported
by a tax levied with the city school tax. The his-
tory of this institution deserves more than a cursory
notice. On the 24th of May, 1872, a committee on
the Public Library was appointed, in connection with
the high school and night schools, consisting of Dr.
Harvey G. Carey, Dr. Thomas B. Elliott, Austin H.
Brown, and Judge Addison L. Roache, and the same
members were continued for the following year. On
the 5th of July, 1872, the committee employed W.
F. Poole, of the Cincinnati Public Library, to prepare
a catalogue of at least eight thousand volumes. On
the 6th of September the school board appointed an
advisory committee of citizens on the library, con-
sisting of Mr. John D. Rowland, Rev. Hanford A.
Edson, and Judge Elijah B. Martindale, whose duty
was to " attend the stated meetings of the committee
for consultation in regard to all matters affecting the
interests of the library."
On the 20th of September, 1872, the selection
having been made by W. F. Poole, E.sq., who was
then librarian of the Cincinnati Public Library, the
contract for supplying the books, bids having been
invited for that purpose, was let to Messrs. Merrill &
Field, of this city. On Nov. 15, 1872, Charles
Evans, Esq., who had been thoroughly trained for its
duties, was appointed librarian, at a salary of twelve
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OP INDIANAPOLIS.
435
hundred dollars per annum. To his many admirable
qualifications for the position, his zeal in the work,
and his indefatigable labors while librarian, is the
success of the library in a large measure due.
At this time there was in existence the Indianapo-
lis Library Association, a stock company, having a
catalogue of near four thousand well-selected books.
With great liberality this association, on Dec. 20,
1872, ofi"ered to transfer its library to the board upon
the condition that the Indianapolis Public Library
should ever be free to the citizens of the city. This
generous gift was the corner-stone of our free Public
Library.
On March 21, 1873, rules for the government of
the Public Library were adopted by the board. On
the 4th of April, 1873, the terms of transfer of the
Indianapolis Library Association to the city were ac-
cepted by the board, and at the same time it made
the following acknowledgment of the donation : " The
board, in behalf of the citizens of Indianapolis, desires
to return its thanks for this timely and munificent
benefaction. Without it the free library could not
have been opened at this time, nor would it at an early
day have adequately supplied the immediate wants of
the people."
The first catalogue of the library was ordered to
be published July 5, 1873. On July 18, 1873, the
board added to its standing committees one on Pub-
lic Library, and the following members were ap-
pointed :
H. G. Carey, A. H. Brown, W. A. Bell, and J. M.
Ridenour. Advisory Committee, J. D. Howland, H.
A. Edson, Simon Yandes, and C. C. Hines.
The following persons have composed that commit-
tee since that time: 1874-75, A. H. Brown, W. A.
Bell, J. J. Bingham, J. M. Youart. Advisory Com-
mittee, H. G. Carey, J. D. Howland, H. A. Edson,
Simon Yandes, and C. C. Hines.
1875-76, same as last year, with the exception of
Simon Yandes, on the Advisory Committee, who re-
signed.
1876-77, C. C. Hines, J. J. Bingham, A. P. Stan-
ton, and Clemens Vonnegut. Advisory Committee,
J. D. Howland, H. A. Edson, H. G. Carey, W. P.
Fishback. Mr. Stanton resigned on September 15th,
and Robert Browning, Esq., was appointed in his
place.
1877-78, C. C. Hines, J. J. Bingham, H. G.
Carey, and Robert Browning. Advisory Committee,
J. D. Howland, H. A. Edson, W. P. Fishback, and
A. C. Harris.
1878-79, C. C. Hines, J. J. Bingham, Robert
Browning, and H. G. Carey. Advisory Committee,
Rev. 0. C. McCulloch, Rev. Myron W. Reed, 0. B.
Hord, and Rev. C. H. Raymond.
1879-80, N. A. Hyde, J. J. Bingham, Robert
Browning, and H. G. Carey. Advisory Committee,
Rev. 0. C. McCulloch, C. C. Hines, Mrs. Martha N.
McKay, and Mrs. India Harris.
1880-81, same as last year. 1881-83, same.
The Public Library and Reading-Room were opened
in the high school building, where they remained
until January, 1875, when they were removed, with
the offices of the board, to the Sentinel building,
corner Meridian and Circle Streets, a more central
location and additional room. The rapid growth of
the library at the end of the five years' lease required
more commodious quarters, with diminished fire risks.
The board not having the means to erect a building
for the purpose, conditionally purchased from E. S.
Alvord, Esq., the property on the corner of Pennsyl-
vania and Ohio Streets, very near if not quite the
centre of the population of the city, paying annually
five per cent, interest on ten-year bonds for sixty
thousand dollars, dated Jan. 1, 1881, with the privi-
lege of reconveying the property at the end of that
time. By agreement, the improvements and additions
to the property having been completed, the library,
reading, and reference rooms, and the offices of the
board, were removed to their present home in Sep-
tember, 1880.
Mr. Charles Evans continued librarian until July,
1878, when Mr. Albert B. Yohn succeeded him, but
on account of ill health he resigned at the end of the
school year. During his brief term Mr. Yohn did
much to popularize the library, especially by increas-
ing the usefulness of the reference department. In
August, 1879, Mr. Arthur W. Tyler, who had been
connected with the Astor Library, New York City,
and the Johns Hopkins Library of Baltimore, was
436
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
elected librarian. He resigned on the 30th of June,
1883, and Mr. W. DeM. Hooper was elected. He
has proved very eflBcient and popular.
The Indianapolis Public Library was opened to the
public April 8, 1873, with appropriate ceremonies.
At a meeting of citizens, held in the high school
hall on the evening of that day, addresses were made
by the Hon. Thomas A. Hendricks, Rev. H. A. Edson,
and Rev. Mr. Kumler, who forcibly and eloquently
presented the advantages of a public library as an
educational institution, and, being free to every citizen,
making it a library for all who availed themselves of
its privileges as a means of intellectual culture or en-
joyment. The following historical sketch of the library
was given by Judge Roache at the opening :
" The public library is a part of the common school
system of Indianapolis. After a trial of the general
common school system in force in the State, it becomes
evident that, while admirable in the main, it did not
fully suit the wants of the larger class. A number
of our citizens who felt an interest in the subject,
held several meetings with the view of considering
whether some plan could not be suggested which,
while constituting a part of the general system, should
be flexible enough to be adapted to the various needs
and capacities of the larger cities of the State. One
of the defects of the general law, when it came to be
applied to cities, was the absence of any sufficient
authority for the creation and maintenance of such a
library as it was felt we ought to have. No system
of education can be complete without such a collection
of books as is beyond the ability of private individ-
uals. Other cities are rapidly providing their people
with such institutions, and regard them not only a
most beneficial and material part of the system, but
as the crown of the whole. The problem was to
supply this defect.
" The idea was suggested of embodying in the statute
then being prepared for organizing the city schools a
provision authorizing the board of school commis-
sioners to levy an annual tax, so small that no one
would feel it, the proceeds of which should be devoted
exclusively to the providing and maintaining of a
public library, free forever to all the inhabitants of
the city. The law under which our present city
schools are organized was accordingly drafted, and on
the 3d of March, 1871, passed by the Legislature,
one of its sections authorizing the board to levy a
tax, for the purpose of creating a library, of one-fifth
of one mill, equal to two cents on the hundred dollars
of as.sessed valuation. This section was the origin of
the Indianapolis Public Library.
" The board levied the tax and immediately ad-
dressed themselves to the task of selecting the books
and perfecting a proper system of management, and
they soon found they had more of a task on their
hands than any of them had expected. Sensible of
the importance of starting out on correct principles,
and of their own want of the technical knowledge and
experience in management necessary to its successful
working, they sought to avail themselves of the ex-
perience of men who were already familiar with the
organization and working of such institutions in other
cities. A committee was accordingly appointed by
the board, consisting of Dr. H. G. Carey, Dr. T. B.
Elliott, and Austin H. Brown, Esq., who visited the
cities of St. Louis and Cincinnati, which had in
operation most successful free public libraries, the
former of thirty thousand and the latter of forty
thousand volumes.
" These gentlemen spent considerable time in study-
ing the systems of those libraries, and were afforded
every facility for so doing by all the officers, who
cheerfully imparted to them the fullest information as
to the plans and details of management. Mr. Wil-
liam F. Poole, the efficient and accomplished manager
of the free library of Cincinnati, took a very deep in-
terest in the enterprise, and rendered most valuable
assistance, visiting this city on several occasions for
the purpose of advising and consulting as to the
selection of books and the organization of the
library.
" Upon the report of the committee a plan suggested
by them was adopted, and the work of selecting and
purchasing books was proceeded with as rapidly as
was consistent with a due regard to economy and to
the propei; care and discrimination in making the
selections. It was found that certain classes of books
could be purchased much cheaper in Europe than at
home, and whenever that was the case they were
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OP INDIANAPOLIS.
437
bought abroad. It occasioned some delay, but that j Alabama Street; Miss Emily 8. Bingham, 148 West
was amply compensated by the saving of our very
limited means.
" Some years since a number of our public-spirited
citizens, impressed vrith the great need that existed
in so rapidly a growing city for a public library, or-
ganized a society for the purpose of providing one by
public donations, and with a design of making it free
to the public on such moderate terms as would barely
provide for its maintenance. At a very considerable
cost to themselves, a collection of near four thousand
volumes of admirably selected books was made, and
was rapidly becoming efficient and useful. When the
Public Library of Indianapolis was organized, these
gentlemen, perceiving that it would, if properly sus-
tained by the people, accomplish the purpose they
had mainly in view, and with much ampler means
than they could command, conceived the generous
idea of abandoning their organization and donating
their handsome collection to the public library. The
generous purpose was as generously carried out, and
the entire body of the stockholders of the Indianap-
olis Library Association have united in transferring
their admirable collection of books to the public.
" On the completion of the donation, the committee
was enlarged by the addition of A. L. Roache, from
the school board, and the appointment of Hon. John
D. Rowland, Rev. H. A. Edson, and Hon. E. B.
Martindale, the last three as advisory members, se-
lected because of their former connection with the
Maryland Street; Miss Lyde G. Browning, 300
South Meridian Street; Mrs. E. L: S. Harrison, 191
Christian Avenue ; Miss I. C. Schonacker, 220 North
New Jersey Street. Night Attendants, Miles Clif-
ford, 384 North West Street; Lindsay M. Brown, 4
Mayhew. Block ; Paul B. Hay, 14 Talbott Block ;
Charles W. Moores, 232 North Alabama Street.
• Accession catalogue, June 30, 1881, 35,198 vol-
umes, 3252 pamphlets; June 30, 1883, 38,689
volumes, 3417 pamphlets. Gain from June 30,
1881, to June 30, 1883, 3491 volumes, 165 pam-
phlets.
Of these, 2902 volumes have been acquired by
purchase, and 589 volumes and 165 pamphlets by
gift. This does not represent, however, the number
of volumes actually upon the shelves, many of the
Tauchnitz edition of the English authors beino'
bound two volumes in one ; many volumes having
been worn out and condemned or lost, which have
not been replaced. By actual count, the volumes
upon the shelves amount to 35,025. The losses
through failure to get the books back from bor-
rowers, or to collect the cost of them, have been very
small, amounting during the past two years to only
five. Many books reported lost or missing will
undoubtedly come to light when an examination of
the shelves is made.
The registration of borrowers continues in about
the same ratio, 22,815 cards having been issued to
Indianapolis Library Association, and because of their i date, — 1268 and 1211 having been issued during the
great interest in the subject. The books embraced
in this donation number three thousand seven hun-
dred and forty volumes, the number purchased by the
board six thousand two hundred and eighty, making
in all ten thousand and twenty volumes now on our
shelves, and there are still outstanding orders for two
thousand five hundred more, making a total of twelve
thousand five hundred and twenty volumes."
Officers of Librart/. — Librarian, William DeM.
Hooper, 258 North Delaware Street. Assistant Li-
brarians, Mrs. I. McElhennen, 32 Winslow Block ;
Miss Alice B. Wick, 264 North Tennessee Street ;
Miss Mary E. Lloyd, corner New Jersey and Sev-
enth Streets ; Miss Mary E. Keatinge, 331 North
years ending June 30, 1882, and June 30, 1883, re-
spectively. It is to be regretted that some means
cannot be devised to prevent the frequent forgeries
and frauds which are to be met with in the filling of
certificates of guarantee. Exercise what diligence
we may, such cases will still occur, and occasionally
it is necessary to call in a card for investigation upon
the certificate on which it was issued. It is impos-
sible to state how many of these cards are in actual
use at present, since it is very seldom that a person
leaving the city, or discontinuing the use of a card,
will take the trouble to surrender it.
The experience of this library has been similar to
that of almost every other free library in the
438
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
country, in a decrease of circulation during the busy
and prosperous times of the past two or three years.
Our circulation steadily decreased until it fell to 188,-
239 during the year 1881-82. ' The year 1882-83
just closed, however, shows a gain of 7138, having
reached by June 30th, 195,377. From present indi-
cations the current year will show a larger increase
in circulation. The following shows the circulation
for 1881-82 and 1882-83:
Home Use. Hall Use. Scbools. Total.
1881-82 120.840 47,800 19,599 188,289
1882-83 125,375 4G,607 23,395 195,377
as evidence of the growing popularity and usefu
of the library.
It will be seen by adding the circulation of b
reading-room, and schools that the total numb
pieces handled amounts to nearly a quarter of a
lion yearly :
1881-82, number of pieces read 245,42
1882-83 " " " 248,83
Iness
ooks,
er of
mil-
8
8
cula-
asses
The following exhibit, made up from the cii
tion for home use, shows the percentage of the c
of reading for the two years :
Gain, 4,535 Loss, 1,193 Gain, 3,342 Gain, 7,138
Considering the population of the city, the age of
the library, and its size, this is a very flattering ex-
hibit.
While the circulation for home reading shows a
1..
2..
3..
4..
,■)..
6..
7..
8..
Clabbifioation.
1881-82.
Volumes
Used.
1
1882-83.
Volumes
Used.
s.
71,482
20,060
4,850
9,620
2,428
3,148
6,544
2,718
69.4
16.6
4.0
7.9
2.0
2.6
6.4
2.2
Juveuile literature
19,100 1 16.1
considerable increase, and the number of visitors to
History, biography, and travel.
12,356
2,366
2,921
4,279
2,714
10.4
the reading-room increased seven thousand eight hun-
Theology, social science, phil-
2.5
dred and fifty-three, the number of pieces used has
Miscellaueous (literature, es-
3.6
decreased four thousand nine hundred and twenty-one
2.3
during the past year. It is undoubtedly true that
there has been comparatively no idleness in the com-
munity ; and this, coupled with the fact that the cir-
culation otherwise increased largely, may be accepted
120,840
100.0
118,673
loao
The following exhibit shows statistics of reading-
room and school reference libraries :
Month.
1881—1882.'
1882—1883.
1
1
u
Books Used.
•
1
1-
1
1
P
1
1
s,
J
1
i
.2
1
.5
1
July
1,952
2,891
3,387
3,927
3,996
4,429
4,691
4,273
4,189
3,727
3,758
3,228
2,931
3,635
4,501
5,316
4,862
4,907
5,709
4,994
5,171
5,268
5,388
4,5.07
1.615
2,518
2,594
4,399
4,732
5,327
4,632
5,493
5,261
4,489
4,290
2,450
4,546
6,153
7,095
9,715
9,594
10,234
10,341
10,497
10,432
9,757
9,678
6,957
3,226
3,130
3,192
4,212
4,211
5,331
5,231
5,297
5,836
4,506
4,349
3,601
4,223
4,293
4,556
4,866
5,442
5,387
6,521
5,812
6,671
5,392
4,870
4,906
2,217
2,243
2,617
3,843
4,167
4,760
4,323
5,831
5,798
4,531
3,392
2,785
6,440
6,536
7,173
8,709
9,609
10,147
10,844
11,643
12,469
9,923
8,042
7,691
1,134
2,529
2,076
2,573
1,413
2,625
2,549
2.363
1,782
555
893
2,466
1,729
2,864
2,378
2,974
2,957.
2,924
3,172
519
October
May
June
Total
44,358
57,189
47,800
104,989
19,599
52,211
53,461
46,607
100,068
23,395
Tear.
No. Volumes
Bound at
Library.
No. of Volumes Repaired.
No. Vols. CoT-
At Bindery.
At Library. 1 «' I-'^rary.
1
1881-82...
1882-83...
788
832
403
394
2578 5580
3749 2304
The Indianapolis Library, to which reference is
made by Judge Roaehe in the historical sketch of
the City Library, was formed in March, 1869, by
one hundred citizens, each of whom was to contribute
one hundred and fifty dollars, to be paid in annual in-
stallments of twenty-five dollars, the annual amount
SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES OF INDIANAPOLIS.
439
to go to the maintenance and increase of a public
library for five years to begin with. The officers
were John D. Howland, president; William P. Fish-
back, vice-president ; D. W. Grubbs, secretary ;
William S. Hubbard, treasurer. A sketch of the
City Library has related that the books of this associa-
tion were given to the city institution and the organiza-
tion dissolved.
The County Library. — -This library was founded
in 1844 on a public fund, of which a share was given
to each county for library purposes. The first trus-
tees were Demas L. McFarland, George Bruce, Henry
P. Coburn, John Wilkins, James Sulgrove, and Liv-
ingston Dunlap. The first librarian was Augustus
Cobuni, older brother of Gen. John, who removed to
Ontanagon in 184G, and was drowned in a wreck on
Lake Superior while returning from a visit here in
186'i. The next were B. R. Sulgrove, Gen. Coburn,
and later Charles Dennis, recently of the Review.
The number of volumes is about four thousand ; it
was about two thousand when started. The first loca-
tion was a little room in the southwest corner of the
old court-house. It now has ample and superb ac-
commodations on the first floor of the new court-
house. The income of a fund of two thousand dol-
lars is spent in the addition of new books and repairs
of old ones. Any citizen of the county can take out
two volumes for a week for about a dollar a year, or
one a week for half of it. Henry P. Coburn selected
the first books, and it was as admirable a selection as
was ever made for a small library. It never had
more than seventy to one hundred subscribers at once,
and these were chiefly in the country.
The Township Library contains one thousand or
twelve hundred volumes, under charge of the town-
.ship trustee. It is founded on the township's share of
money due to the State from the general government
in some of the early business affairs of the two.
The Catholic Workingmen's Library is kept in
the building on the northeast corner of Georgia and
Tennessee Streets, where the Sisters of Providence
School was first established, and is open every night
from six to ten o'clock. It contains some five hun-
dred volumes, and is the property of one of the Cath-
olic Sodalities of the parish. The Sisters of Provi-
dence have a library of about one thousand volumes
connected with their school.
The State Library contains about seventeen thou-
sand volumes. It was formed in 1825, and kept by
the Secretary of State till 1841, when enough vol-
umes, including public documents and legislative
journals, had been got together to make a decent show,
and it was thought becoming to constitute the library
a positive and visible existence. This was done in
that year by appropriating to it two rooms in the
southwest corner of the first floor of the State-house,
and electing John Cook librarian. His successors in
office will be found in the list of State officers. Before
the old State-house was torn down the State Library
had become a sort of museum of historical relics, and
contained daguerreotypes of all the members of the
Constitutional Convention of 1850, memorials of the
Mexican war, flags of Indiana regiments in the civil
war, Indian weapons and utensils of pre-historic times,
and other things of like interest, and filled nearly the
whole of the west side of the lower floor of the build-
ing. When the old house was about to come down,
quarters were found for the library in the Gallup or
McCray Block, on Market and Tennessee Streets,
where it is likely to remain till it goes into the new
\ State-house. The law library of the Supreme Court
is kept in the State buildings, but it is not a public
library, though open to the profession.
The State Geological Museum is in the rooms of
the building over the State Library. It contains more
than one hundred thousand specimens of fossils, many
of them the finest ever discovered. Dr. Cox, while
State geologist, made considerable progress in the
accumulation of this museum ; but it was left to the
professional enthusiasm, personal liberality, and scien-
tific sagacity of Professor Collett, present State geolo-
gist, to make it the rare and wonderful collection and
the admirably systematized work it is.
The State System. — All the school revenues de-
rived either from permanent funds or taxation go into
a common fund which is apportioned to the counties
according to their population of school age. This
arrangement is cumbered by the very serious defect of
forcing honest counties, which take fair enumerations
and pay their taxes fairly, to pay a large share of the
440
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
school expenses of rascally or slothful counties.
Marion pays into the State treasury in her school tax
one-third more than she gets back. The difference
goes to counties that will not help themselves, or
make exaggerated enumerations, as some were alleged
to have done a few years ago, for the purpose of get-
ting an undue allowance of State money. There is
no remedy visible, however, and the better counties
have to grin and bear it. Indianapolis and the
county have not had much to do with the State system,
except feed it. The only superintendent born and
bred here was Professor Miles J. Fletcher.
Hon. Miles J. Fletcher. ^ — The subject of this
biographical sketch, who was the son of Calvin
Fletcher, a distinguished citizen of Indianapolis, a
sketch of whose life is elsewhere found in this vol-
ume, was born June 15, 1828, in Indianapolis. He
was the fourth in a family of eight adult sons, who
in the various walks of life have made themselves
honorable places. He received the rudiments of edu-
cation at the old seminary of the city of his birth,
under the guidance of Rev. James S. Kemper, and
subsequently entered Brown University, from which
he graduated in 1852. Almost immediately on his
graduation he was elected professor of English litera-
ture in Asbury Univei-sity, Indiana. This position,
which he held but a few months, was resigned to at-
tend the law school at Harvard University. Gradu-
ating at the law school, he returned to the professor-
ship at Asbury, discharging its duties with great suc-
cess until he received the nomination for superinten-
dent of public instruction in 1860, to which oflSce he
was elected in October of the same year. He was at
the time of his death filling its onerous and respon-
sible requirements. It was an oflBce which suited his
tastes and satisfied his ambition, his labor being a
" labor of love." Though frequently interrupted by
circumstances incident to the war, and absent for
weeks in efforts to learn the fate of and rescue his
brother. Dr. Wm. B. Fletcher, then a prisoner, he yet
worked so energetically as to fulfill every requirement
of the law and to visit the schools extensively, giving
a decided impetus to the cause of education. He
possessed the untiring energy peculiar to his family,
with a full share of enterprise, qualities which, com-
bined with an intellect of more than usual vigor,
indicated great promise and usefulness. Professor
Fletcher was, in 1852, married to Miss Jane M.
Hoar, of Providence, R. I., to whom were born two
children, William T. and Mary B. The incident of
Professor Fletcher's death was peculiarly sad. He
was requested on the night of the 10th of May,
1862, to join Governor Morton and a small party of
gentlemen en route by special train for Pittsburgh
Landing, their mission being provision for the im-
mediate transportation of such sick and wounded
soldiers from Indiana as could be safely brought to
their homes, and the completion of suitable hospital
arrangements for those whose condition would not
admit of removal. The train had made but little
progress when a detention occurred which alarmed
Professor Fletcher, who on investigating its cause
was instantly killed. This sad termination of a noble
Christian career lost to the soldier an inestimable
friend while fulfilling a mission of mercy and love,
to the State a model officer of irreproachable char-
acter, and to the people an example of integrity and
uprightness worthy of lasting remembrance. The
expressions of .sorrow over the death of Professor
Fletcher were not confined to his home but extended
over the entire State, and were no less a tribute to
the exemplary citizen than to the efficient public
officer.
CHAPTER XVIII.
MANDFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF
INDIANAPOLIS.
Origin and Early History. — For the purpose of
tracing succinctly and clearly the origin and growth
of the manufactures of the city, they may be divided
into three leading classes, with several minor ones
too slightly connected with others to be accurately
classified. 1st. Food products, meat, meal, flour,
and minor products of grain, including starch, beer,
and whiskey. 2d. Wood products, lumber, hard and
soft, house finishings, furniture, staves, wooden
ware, boxes, picture-frames, wagons, agricultural
M. J. FLETCHER.
ya^(/a7t^CZi^i^-yo
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS. 441
implements, and freight cars. 3d. Iron products,
rails, machinery, stoves and hollow-ware, saws, files,
railing and building work, and railroad repair-work.
Agricultural implements belong about equally to
wood and iron manufactures, but the bulkier por-
tions being wood they are put in that class. Of
minor industries, there are oils and varnish ; fertil-
izers, an offshoot and adjunct of meat products ;
printing, paper, and paper products ; textile fabrics
of cotton and wool ; tobacco in different forms ;
clothing; marble and stone work; saddles and
harness ; tin, copper, and galvanized iron. There
are many of less extent and importance than these,
but a reference to them is not necessary to exhibit
the early condition and progress of the productive
industries.
The germs of most of the manufactures that con-
stitute the permanent prosperity and means of de-
velopment of the city can be found in little mills
and shops almost coeval with its first settlement.
Not a little coarse meal was grated for a long time
from half-hardened ears of corn for "mush" and
" Johnny-cake," but there was a grist-mill in opera-
tion in the fall of 1821 on Fall Creek race, after-
wards known as " Patterson's mill," but its flour had
to be sifted, as bolting cloths were unknown for
ten years more.
Samuel J. Patterson. — The Patterson family
are of Scotch-Irish lineage. Robert, the father of
the subject of this biographical sketch, a native of
Maryland, early removed to Kentucky, from whence,
in the fall of 1821, he came to Indianapolis. He
was well" versed in the law, and for many years judge
of the Probate Court of the county. He also for a
period engaged in contracting. He married Miss
Annie Elliott, of Virginia, and had children, — Sam-
uel J., Elliott M., Robert M., Mary Ann (Mrs.
David Macy), Eliza J. (Mrs. I. Drake), Margaret
M. (Mrs. James Hill), Annie (Mrs. James South-
ard), James M., Almira C, Marion M., William J.
D., and Henry C. Their son Samuel J. was born
Oct. 18, 1804, in Cynthiana, Ky., and accompanied
his parents in 1821 to Indianapolis. His early ad-
vantages of education were limited, though superior
opportunities were offered at a later day under the
29
instruction of Ebenezer Sharpe. He early embarked
with his father in the manufacture of bricks, and for
several years conducted the business successfully.
After his marriage Mr. Patterson engaged in the
milling business on the farm which is the present
home of his widow, and continued it until 1840,
when the site was removed to the corner of Wash-
ington and Blake Streets, where a spacious mill was
erected, suitable to the wants of the increasing trade.
Meanwhile he embarked in mercantile pursuits, and
after an interval of some years again resumed milling
and farming. He felt a deep interest in all schemes
for the benefit of Indianapolis, and was at various
times awarded contracts for the improvement of the
city.
In his political sympathies he was an ardent Whig,
and found the principles of the Republican party on
its organization in harmony with his convictions.
His energies being devoted wholly to business, left
little time for participation in the political measures
of the day. He was, though not a member of any
church, a supporter of the Meridian Street Meth-
odist Church, with which Mrs. Patterson was con-
nected, and at the time of his death a devout Chris-
tian.
Mr. Patterson was on the 17th of March, 1831,
married to Miss Patsy, daughter of Isaac Wilson,
one of the earliest settlers, who came to Indianapolis
in 1821, when it contained but two houses. The
dwelling in which they were married fifty-three years
ago is still occupied by Mrs. Patterson. Here their
golden wedding was celebrated in 1881. They have
children, — Samuel W. (a contractor), Elizabeth J.
(Mrs. B. F. Riley), Robert H., Charies W. (a con-
tractor), and Fannie A. (Mrs. Cortland Van Camp).
The grandchildren are Harriet G., Walter G., and
Bessie G., children of Samuel W. and Agnes Green-
field Patterson ; Elizabeth J., Charles A., Robert M.,
and Sadie S., children of B. F. and Elizabeth J.
Riley ; and Raymond P., Ella P., Samuel G., Fanny
May, and Cortland M., children of Cortland and
Fannie A. Van Camp. Mr. Patterson's death oc-
curred May 25, 1883, in the house he had occupied
for more than half a century.
A saw-mill wjs erected about the same time as
442
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Patterson's grist-mill on Fall Creek a little north of the
line of Indiana Avenue. Within a year Caleb Scudder
made cabinet work, and in two years the late George
Norwood made wagons. John B. Hall, the first car-
penter; Matthias Nowland, the first bricklayer;
Andrew Byrne, the first tailor; Amos Hanway, the
first cooper ; Daniel Yandes, the first tanner ; George
Smith, the first bookbinder ; Nathaniel Bolton, the
first printer, were all here in or before 1821, and at
work at their trades then or within a year or two ;
and Samuel S. Rooker, the first house and sign
painter ; William Holmes, first turner ; Conrad Brus-
sel, first baker, came close along with these.
George Norwood, one of the oldest citizens of
Indianapolis, was born Jan. 21, 1789, in the city of
Baltimore, and in 1793 removed to Washington
County, East Tenn. In 1819 he became a resident
of Wayne County, lud., and on the 22d of March,
1822, Indianapolis, which at that early day embraced
but a few straggling cabins, became his home. Mr.
Norwood was by trade a wagon-maker, and for a
number of years conducted his business on the pres-
ent site of the ofiice occupied by his grandson, Frank
Bird. Ho some years previous to his death divided
a considerable estate between his children, retaining
for himself only a house and lot on Illinois Street.
He was married in 1812 to Miss Mary Ann Rooker,
who died Feb. 28, 1877, in her eighty-fourth year,
having enjoyed sixty-five years of married life.
Their surviving children are Washington Norwood,
Ann Maria (Mrs. Abram Bird), and E. F. Norwood.
Mr. Norwood was in his religious predilections a
Methodist, and the first trustee of the first Methodist
Episcopal Church of Indianapolis. He on successive
occasions filled the office of Councilman, and in 1846
was elected city trea-surer. He enjoyed a reputation
for strict integrity and scrupulous honesty, and was
firm in his convictions, especially in discussions in-
volving a question of right and wrong. Having
acquired a competency, Mr. Norwood retired from
business in 1850, and during the remainder of his
life enjoyed excellent health until a short period
before his death, which occurred March 8, 1880, in
his ninety-second year.
The women did most of the wejving and sewing.
but machines for carding wool (or making " rolls')
were among the earliest attempts at substituting ma-
chinery for hand labor. A carding-machine was
attached in 1823 by William Townsend and Earl
Pierce to one of the first mills, probably the grist-
mill of the late Andrew Wilson and Daniel Yandes,
on the "bayou," a little west of the present location
of the Nordyke & Marmon Machine- Works. Not
far from the same site, and about the same time, a
distillery was at work making a liquor popularly
known as " Bayou Blue." Co-operating with the
carding machinery moved by water were several
smaller, and a little later, establishments worked by
horse-power, applied on a large inclined wheel, fifteen
to twenty feet in diameter, on the lower section of
which a horse was kept in motion, as in other tread-
mills. One of these, as late as 1833 or 1834, stood on
the northwest corner of Illinois and Maryland Streets,
and another on Kentucky Avenue a little below
Maryland, and was converted into the first tobacco
factory. Here in the first two years of the town's
existence — for it was laid out in 1821, and previous
to that was a mere settlement — were the beginnings
of the flour and lumber trade, the woolen-mills and
whiskey business, the latter never considerable and
very intermittent even in the matter of existence,
often dying out altogether. The products were wholly
for home consumption, and in the ordinary sense of
manufactures had no fair claim to be of the class.
The first manufacture proper, the first product of
skill and labor intended for sale and not for consump-
tion at home, was that of ginseng, started by the late
James Blake, in 1826, or thereabouts, on what was
then the blufi" of Pogue's Creek, half-way between
South Street and the creek, between Delaware and
Alabama Streets. It was sent to Philadelphia for
the Chinese market. Ginseng was then a common
growth of the dense woods about the village. It is
all gone now, and has been for a generation. About
the same time that the "Sang Factory," as it was
generally called, began its work, the first great
enterprise of skill and capital was put in operation.
It was the mother of Indianapolis industries, though
it died long before its family was big enough to be
worth counting. That was the old " Steam-Mill
'"^rrryTAnrv^
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS. 443
Company," composed chiefly, and managed wholly, by
the late James M. Hay, DaDiel Yandes, Governor
Noble, James Blake, and Nicholas McCarty. A full
account of it will be found in the general history.
It was incorporated .Jan. 28, 1828, bought at a nom-
inal price, by special act of the Legislature, seven
acres of public land on the river along the line of
Blake Street back to Fall Creek, starting at the head
of the old bridge, and by December, 1831, had a
large four-story frame building with an attic fin-
ished, and early the succeeding year had machinery
for a grist-mill, with bolting apparatus — the first of
the kind here — in operation, with a saw-mill that
was kept quite busy usually, and a carding-machine
that worked fitfully. The entire machinery, from
boilers to bolting-cloths, was hauled here on wagons
from Cincinnati, it is said, but it is probable that a
part of it came on the first and only steamer that
ever reached Indianapolis. In a year or two the
failure of the disproportionate enterprise was assured.
It was too big for the place and the times. The ma-
chinery was sold for old iron, and the building made
a haunt for idle boys, till the Messrs. Geisendorfi'
attempted to revive the woolen manufacture there in
1847, with little success. They left it in 1852, and
on the r>ightof the IGth of November, 1853, it was
burned down. The fate of the first Indianapolis
manufacturing establishment could hardly be consid-
ered auspicious.
Contemporaneously, or nearly, with the ginseng
factory and the old steam-mill, a man by the name
of Bagwell made cigars in a shanty on the southwest
corner of Maryland and Illinois Streets, just south of
one of the horsepower carding-machines of that day.
His operations were too slight to be worth attention
except as the first appearance of an industry of very
considerable importance now, and forty-five years
ago of a good deal more proportionately than now.
About the time he disappeared, which was about the
time the steam-mill gave up finally, the manufacture
of tobacco was begun on a scale of production and
general distribution that made it of State value and
interest. This was in 1835, by the late William
Hunnaman and Caleb Scudder (the pioneer cabinet-
maker of the city J, at that time partners in the drug
business. Their factory was on the west side of
Kentucky Avenue, on the site of, and occupying as
one of its buildings, the old horse-power carding-
machine house of hewed logs. Here they made
both plug and " fine-cut" — but little of the latter —
and cigars. A fire destroyed the whole establish-
ment in 1838, causing an uninsured loss — nobody
insured in those days— of ten thousand dollars.
John Cain, a long time postmaster, afterwards, and
later Robert L. Walpole, owned the establishment,
with Charles Cooper as manager. About a year
before the establishment of the first tobacco-factory,
in 1834, a Mr. John S. Barnes and Williamson
Maxwell began making linseed oil in an old frame
stable on the alley south of Maryland Street, within
a half-square of the line of the canal which was dug
some four years later. Scudder and Hannaman
bought them out in 1835, and in 1839 moved the
mill into their new woolen-mill building, near where
the water-works building is now. Their machinery
could not compete with Cincinnati hydraulic presses,
and they quit. About 1842, Edwin Hedderly and
the late Edwin J. Peck manufactured lavd-oil here
quite extensively, but it was a mushroom growth
and never amounted to much. This is all there is
of the early manufacture of oils and tobacco here.
Daniel Yandes, with John Wilkins, had a tannery
on South Alabama Street as early as 1823. About
the year 1833 they formed a partnership with Mr.
William M. Black, now of this city, to carry on the
tanning business in Mooresville, iu this State.
Up to 1835 we have the seed planted and more or
less production, in a small way, of grist- and lumber-
mills, woolen-mills, distilleries, tanneries, oil- and to-
bacco-factories. Ginseng was.an accident. The first
attempt at iron manufacture was made in 1832, con-
temporaneously with the active existence of the old
steam-mill, by R. A. McPherson & Co., on the west
side of the river, near the end of the National road
bridge, which was completed the year following. It
was a losing affair, working for local service, and
continued but a few years. About 1835 it went out.
The year 1835 marks a sort of era in the history
of Indianapolis industries. Then, or but a few months
earlier, started the pioneer factories and mills which
444
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
have continued by active succession till now. Then
was established the first tobacco-factory ; the first
linseed-oil factory a little earlier ; the first stone-yard
and stone-cutting machinery, by William Spears, west
corner of Washington Street and Kentucky Avenue ;
the first brewery, by John L. Young, on the south
side of Maryland Street, half-way between the canal
(1838 or 1839) and West Street ; the first mattress-
factory, by Frank Devinney, near the canal crossing
of Maryland Street ; the first plane-factory, by Young
& Pottage, site of Hubbard's Block ; the first perma-
nent and profitable iron-foundry, maintained for nearly
twenty years, by Robert Underbill, for a time joined
by John Wood, the first private banker here ; and
last, but greatest in results, the first pork-packing was
done, in 1835.
1st. Food Products. — Pork Packing. In this
year James Bradley, now of Johnson County, asso-
ciated with one or two partners, bought hogs ready
killed and cleaned of farmers, cut and cured them in
a log house on the site of the Chamber of Commerce
(first used as a pottery by a man named Myers), and
lo.st money at it. The ill result of the speculation
checked the embryotic industry for several years, but
in 1840, John H. Wright, son-in-law of the late
Jeremiah Mansur, father of Frank and Dr. Mansur
Wright, came here from Richmond, and in 1841
began, in connection with his father-in-law and his
brother-in-law, William Mansur, to buy slaughtered
hogs of farmers for goods from his store, and packed
them in an old frame building, once a blacksmith-
shop, on the northeast corner of Maryland and Me-
ridian Streets. They also bought and packed a large
amount of pork at Broad Ripple, and both from that
point and this, shipped their produce south during
the winter and spring freshets in the river. This
mode of operation they kept up till the completion
of the Madison Railroad, in September, 1847, gave
them a speedier and handier mode of reaching a
market, and from that time the flat-boat has been as
wholly unknown here as the trireme of the old Ro-
mans. The late Isaiah Mansur joined his brother,
and the Mansurs and Mr. Wright killed their hogs
in a building on the river-bank, at the west end of
the old bridge, and cut and packed them in a building
on the west side of what is now the depot of the
JeflFersonville Railroad.
About that time Benjamin I. Blythe and Edwin
Hedderly began packing in a house where Frank
Landers' establishment is now. The Mansurs got
this in 1854. In 1852-53, Macy & McTaggart
began killing and packing in a house near the east
end of the Vandalia Railroad bridge. In 1855, Col.
Allen May killed and packed on the west side of the
river, near the Crawfordsville road bridge. He failed
in two years, and his house burned down the third
year, 1858. In 1863-64 the Kingans built their
house, which was almost totally destroyed by fire in
the spring of 1805. They rebuilt at once, and have
since enlarged their establishment to treble its origi-
nal capacity, and include extensions of the business
never contemplated at the outset.
This gigantic establishment is second to none in
the world, except one in Chicago, in extent, and to
none in completeness of arrangement and amplitude
of accommodations and facilities for every process of
the business. It is the matured product of twenty
years of improvement, directed by experience and
enterprise, employing ample means. The various
buildings cover ten acres of the thirteen constituting
the entire site of the establishment. Some years
ago, finding their space inadequate, the company pur-
chased the Ferguson Pork- House, directly south, on
the other side of the tracks used by the St. Louis,
the Bloomington and Western, and Decatur and
Springfield Railroads, and connected the two by tun-
nels under the tracks, making the cellars one vast ex-
cavation, packed with meat and lighted with gas and
electricity. In a large part of the old establishment
there are two stories of cellars. In all these, where
meat is stored preparatory to shipment, a steady tem-
perature is maintained by artificial processes, so that
the soundness of the product is assured. But to
make assurance doubly sure, every ham, and shoulder,
and piece of side-meat is probed through, and its con-
dition perfectly ascertained before it is shipped.
It may be as well to say here that the Kingan
house kills and packs for the English market, and
was the first house in the United States to prepare
hog-meat in the style demanded by English consum-
M.inis Street Bridge. Union stock Yard.
luJiauapolisandVinceunes B. K. Bridge.
Yandalia B. E. Bridge. Hog Pens.
Indianapolis and St. Louis R. R. Bridge.
K ] ir^j @ la ira
P©IKBi Pj-
0 !M ID 0 a M a f* I?,
Pining Room. t
©. (IL'©) RL-rrigeruting W.jiks. Laid House.
.©tm. ' Office. KiuganHonse. Boiler Ho,,.-.
Wholesale House. Sniuke Hon
I'Si, OIK)©. East warehouse.
■^Jige Department.
Meat Market.
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
445
ers. The details of the process would require too
much time to describe here, and would be irrelevant
to the purpose of this sketch. It is enough to say
that the meat, chiefly hams, is trimmed, salted,
and laid away in perfect order in the huge dry cellars,
and left lying a certain number of days, during which
so much curing is done as is required for the special
demand to be supplied. The product of each day's
killing and packing is put by itself, with slats, and
signs set through it marked with the date of the
deposit. When the time comes this pile of hams of
3000 to 5000 hogs is put on the cars, and sent across
the Atlantic, without waiting orders or dependent on
market quotations. The business goes right on like
the sale of goods between a factory and its ware-
house. Of course, a large business is done in the
home market, with transient customers and orders,
as they come, but the dependence of the house is its
English business. The factory is in Indianapolis ;
the warehouse and salesroom in Liverpool.
The extent of the business may be judged from a
few facts. The number of hogs killed is about
500,000 a year, or at the rate of about 5000 a day
in winter and 2500 a day in summer. The estab-
lishment has the capacity to do more than this if
pushed, but so much it can do regularly and certainly.
It employs 600 hands in summer, and 1250 in winter.
It may be noted here that Kingan's was the first
house in the country — certainly the first in Indiana
— to kill in the summer, and cool the hogs by ice and
an artificial process. In this it did the best thing
that any manufacturer ever did for the agricultural
interest of Indiana. It enabled a farmer to sell his
hogs as well and readily in July as in January. He was
not compelled to keep them on stock feed for six or
eight months before he could begin fattening for the
market, at a dead lo.9s of every bushel of corn they
ate and all the time consumed. The money invested
was no longer compelled to lie idle while the hogs
were worrying through hot weather to the following
season. The farmer could begin feeding for the
packer the day he bought his stock, and the sooner he
got it up to the market standard the sooner he made
his profit and the larger it was. It also employed
600 or 700 men who would otherwise have been idle.
In cooling hogs, to get rid of the animal heat, an
apparatus and process invented by George Stockman
of this city are used with entire success and greater
cheapness than any hitherto devised. The occasional
variableness of winter weather is equalized by the same
means, so that the house is not forced to suspend
work, as all pork-houses used to do, when a warm
day comes.
The average weight of the hogs killed at Kingan's
is about 220 pounds, showing a net result of about
175 of meat. The annual value is about $7,000,000.
The shipments amount to 4000 cars a year, while
there is sold at home, for shipment and in the
market-rooms belonging to the establishment, about
$45,000 worth of meat, fresh and cured, per week, or
$2,300,000 a year. It takes 13,000,000 pounds of
salt a year to cure the meat, 500,000 pounds of salt-
petre, 1,000,000 pounds of sugar, and 20,000 tons of
ice. To ship it requires 150,000 boxes and crates,
and 75,000 tierces for lard and hams. For sale and
immediate consumption there are made 6000 pounds
of sausage daily. The hogs, when killed and scalded,
are scraped by machinery invented in the house by
some of the men engaged there. An unbroken
stream of dead hogs, alive and squealing ten seconds
before, pours along the tables from the sticking-pens
to the scalding-troughs and scraping-machines inces-
santly from daylight to dark, and often longer, and
as rapidly they are hurried in to the " gutter," the
original " Col. Gutrippah," who can dispose of half
a dozen a minute, and from him are sent flying down
a little elevated railroad track, from which they are
suspended to the huge low room, where they hang by
thousands literally, to cool ofi' suflSciently for the cut-
ters and salters. Following up the carcass of any
particular hog, we find it taken from the cooling-
room, after the animal heat has been all removed, to
a group of big blocks, set in a square form around,
and in which a crowd of men swing up and down
incessantly flashing cleavers, in a wild, stormy fashion,
with no measure or rest, reminding one of the fierce,
irregular motions of the claymores rising and falling
in the fight of the clans at the " North Inch." Here
the hog is divided, the pieces trimmed, and the fin-
ished product dropped through a slide into the room
4^6
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
below, where the salters take it, and when they are
through, send it down to the packers, who lay it away,
marked and dated, till the shipping time comes. It
is the full occupation of a busy day to go through
this huge establishment, and merely note the processes
and the crowds of busy men who carry them on.
Electric lights are used all through the diflFerent
departments, the machinery being worked by a su-
perb Corliss engine, made at the Atlas Works here.
Besides these, no less than $6500 worth of gas and
candles is used for lighting. It takes 750 cars of
coal a year — 14 tons to a car — to supply the heat
required, and 20 carpenters and 2 blacksmiths are con-
stantly employed, consuming 50 car-loads of lumber
in repairs of one kind or another, exclusive of the
men employed in the coopering- and box-shops.
The stables attached to the establishment contain 25
horses, employed in market-wagons and otherwise.
A large market-room for the supply of daily custom-
ers in the city has been added within the last six or
eight years, and here all the fresh meat is kept cold
by artificial cold currents of air ; and neat, active
young clerks in the traditional white aprons cut up
the steaks and hams and roasts on marble counters,
and conduct all the details of an ordinary meat-shop,
as if it were not a mere attachment or little excres-
cence of the huge slaughter- and packing-house back
of it upon the rear. This establishment has a rail-
road of its own turning out of the yard at a track at
Missouri Street, and fills pretty much all of the space
between Helen Street and the river, and Maryland
Street and the Vandalia Railroad and freight-yard.
The taxes are about $10,000 a year. Within the
past four years Mr. Thomas Kingan, the original
manager of the business, has retired permanently!
and has been succeeded by Mr. Samuel Sinclair, by
whom many extensive and valuable improvements
have been made.
The Landers establishment occupies the buildings,
though with much improvement and a great exten-
sion of business, of the Blythe & Hedderly and W.
& I. Mansur house, the oldest now standing in the
city. The amount of packing done by Mr. Landers
in the last report was about $1,000,000 a year. A
railroad-track from the Lafayette, or Cincinnati, In-
dianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago, road passes along
the mill-race from the canal, and over the low ground
northwest to Blake Street, and there enters the pack-
ing-house, about a square north of the National road
and the old bridge. Directly south of Kingan's are
the ruins of the second Ferguson pork-house, which
was built south of the Vandalia Railroad and round-
house, at the west end of Greenlawn Cemetery, soon
after the first house, on the north side of the Vandalia
and just south of the St. Louis road, was sold to
Kingan. It did a large business both in summer and
winter killing, but was entirely burned in February,
1881, and was never rebuilt, the proprietors removing
to Chicago. At the south end of the old cemetery,
opposite the foot of Merrill Street, is the pork-house
of McMurtry & Co., built some ten or twelve years
ago by Holmes, Pettit & Bradshaw. These latter
gave it up about three years ago to the present pro-
prietors, who have been doing a large and safe busi-
ness. CofiSn, Greenstreet & Fletcher built their
present house in 1873, on the east bluflf of White
River bottom, at the foot of Ray Street. Their busi-
ness, by the last statement, was about like that of the
other houses, except Kingan's, — a million a year. A
railroad-track connects this house with the Vincennes
road, along the river-bank, on what, in early times,
were the " High Banks." A very short side-track
from the same road connects with the McMurtry
house.
It would be interesting to know something about
the extent of the pork business in early times, but
no record has been made, and nothing can be learned
but from the memories of the few connected with it
who remain. It is probable that the total number of
hogs killed during the season by the two houses of
the Mansurs and Blythe & Hedderly did not exceed
20,000. In 1873 the whole number of hogs killed
and packed here was 295,766, value of $7,614,000.
In 1878 the number was 776,000 ; in 1879, 667,-
000; in 1880, 746,000 ; in 1881, 472,494; in 1882,
306,000. In 1878 and in 1880 Indianapolis was
the third pork-packing point in the world, being ex-
ceeded only by Chicago and Cincinnati. The falling
off since 1880 has been the effect of short crops and
tight business. The value of the hog product of the
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
447
city in 1880 was $10,516,000. the largest in any one
year.
General Butchering.— The earliest butcher of
Indianapolis was Wilkes Reagau, who sold his meat
in the grove in the Circle. There was not much for
a butcher to do in those days, for the pioneer could
get his meat for the powder and lead that would
kill it by walking about through the woods that the
town was lost in ! Butchers came though, as usual,
with the growth of the town, and killed in little
houses located on the outskirts, and sold in the East
Market, which was all there was. But even then no
inconsiderable part of a family's meat- food was bought
of farmers or raised and killed at home, poultry par-
ticularly being almost always a home growth. Win-
ter supplies were commonly a family job in the prep-
aration, the whole hogs or quarters of beef being
bought of farmers and cut up and cured by the united
labor of everybody about the house that was big
enough to lift a ham or hand salt. The smoking
was done in the family smoke-house, and to this day
the out-house in which are stored the family provis-
ions is called a smoke-house by old residents and
their children, though never a pound of meat was
smoked within a mile of it. Not unfrequently the
town householder raised his own pigs, as well as
chickens, killed them a little before Christmas time,
and provided his own winter meat throughout, as
well as a good part of his summer supply. Thus the
butcher did not figure largely in the economy of In-
dianapolis till after the growth impelled by the
advance of the railroad system made country supplies
inadequate and forced a greater dependence on the
butcher. He was then, as now, usually a German.
Gradually, with the increase of butchering, came a
resort to private meat-markets in localities that were
handier to consumers than the public market. One
of the earliest and largest of these was that of Tweed
& Gulick, the latter of whom was candidate for sher-
ifl' in 1858, but beaten by William J. Wallace, whom
the Supreme Court ruled out because he was holding
the oflSce of mayor of the city at the time of his elec-
tion as sheriflF. There were a dozen others at that
time. Now there are 113 meat-shops, exclusive of
Kingan's, which does as much business as the greater
part of all the others together. The aggregate
amount of the business it is impossible to say.
Until within the period since the war the butchers
of the city usually did their killing each for himself,
and there were slaughter-houses scattered all about in
the suburbs and sometimes in the more den.sely set-
tled parts. The lower portion of the canal, below
the present line of the street, was a favorite locality
for them, and the block facing the swamp or glade in
the east bottom of the river, along what is now South
Meridian Street. In later years the tendency has
been towards the Paris abattoir system of having
all the slaughtering done in a few places or one.
Within a year the Abattoir Company has given a
strong impulse to this wholesome change by buying
and greatly enlarging the beef slaughter-house at
the west end of the Morris Street bridge, and mak-
ing ample provision there for all the slaughtering
required. There was some talk of the Stock- Yard
Company establishing an abattoir, but nothing came
of it. The Exchange Stock- Yard, at the south end
of the Vincennes Railroad bridge, had such a
slaughter-house connected with it, but the yard went
out of business when the larger yard farther south
was completed ; and the slaughter-house has declined
or gone out of business, too.
Hides and Tanning. — There are several estab-
lishments in the city that deal in the hides and pelts
produced at the slaughter-houses, — the Abattoir
Company, for one ; Messrs. Rauh, on the Belt road
and South Pennsylvania Street; Allerdice, south-
west corner of South and Meridian Streets ; Hide
Leather Company, South Meridian ; Lewitt & Co.,
West Indianapolis, on Vincennes Railroad ; Mooney
& Sons, South Street ; Lewark, West Pearl ; Stevens,
South Meridian ; and Gallaway, South Meridian.
The first tannery in the town was that of Daniel
Y^indes and John Wilkins, which occupied nearly
all of the ground south of Washington Street, on
the east side of Alabama to the creek. It was
established about sixty years ago. Mr. William M.
Black, a prominent member of the Masonic order in
this city, learned the trade with this firm, and in
1833 formed a partnership with them for four years
in a tannery at Mooresville, Morgan Co. The con-
448
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
nection continued till 1858. About 1840 a second
tannery was begun on South Pennsylvania Street,
west side, just below Maryland. This filled the
swampy street — Pennsylvania Street and all the re-
gion of the creek-bottom east of Meridian to Ala-
bama Street was either swamp or wet bottom — with
great piles of tan-bark, on which it was the delight
of school boys to repeat the jumps and tumbles of
the last circus performers. As noted elsewhere in
this chapter, this tannery gave way to a stage repair-
shop in five or six years. These were the only tan-
neries ever established in the city limits. Some years
later, after the decadence of the West mills at Cot-
tontown, a large and flourishing tannery was estab-
lished there by Mr. John Fishback, but that has
disappeared. There are three tanning establish-
ments now in the city, Borst & Co., J. K. Sliarpe,
Jr., and Robert Schmidt. . There are no statistics to
show the amount of the leather trade now, but of
hides, pelts, and tallow the total was over $1,500,000
last year.
Fertilizers are a direct result of the manufacture
of animal food, and the establi.shments devoted to
their manufacture may be briefly noticed here.
They are a growth of the last decade, mainly, and
are all on the west side of the river. The first was
started by Mr. Lannay, at the foot of West Street,
during the war, but was abandoned in three or four
years, and changed to a soap-factory. The most ex-
tensive fertilizer factory about the city, a " blood
drying" house, built by Crocker & Becker some four
years ago, at the crossing of the Belt and Vandalia
and St. Louis roads, has been abandoned. Another
extensive one is carried on upon the Sellers farm,
three miles southwest, a site bought by the city pur-
posely for important but unfragrant industries. A
related business is " renderins;;," or tallow-making,
carried on here chiefly by the Abattoir Company and
Lewitt & Co.. both in West Indianapolis.
Mince-Meat. — The Adams Packing Company on
South Alabama Street do a large business in the
preparation and packing of mince-meat, which they
ship to all parts of the country. The annual amount
of this and the packing associated with it is about
$150,000 a year.
Grain-Grinding. — The early grist-mills alluded to
above worked only for home consumption, on grain
brought by farmers in wagons, or by farmers' boys
on horseback. Usually the bag was unloaded di-
rectly into the hopper, and the farmer or his boy
waited about, fishing around the dam, or shopping in
the town, till the grist was ground, and the meal — -it
was oftener meal than flour — went back in the same
bag, and on the same day it came. There was no
bolting apparatus in any mill of that time in the
New Purchase till the steam-mill of 1832 put one in
its machinery, and all grain went back home in the
bran, for the housewife to sift out as well as she
could, as related in the general history. The first mill
of a more pretentious character was built in 1840, by
John Carlisle, at the south end of the basin into which
ran the race from the canal at Market Street. It was
the first merchant mill in the town, but its flour, like
the pork of early packing, was harder to get to market
than to make. It was wholly burned down in 1856,
but immediately rebuilt and maintained till the still
larger mills in the same vicinity succeeded it. Con-
temporaneously with the Carlisle mill, or a year or
two earlier, there was a mill at the crossing of the
canal by the Michigan road, afterwards called
" Cottontown," from a cotton-mill erected there a
little later than the grist-mill. Both were built by
Nathaniel West, who owned a large tract of land on
Fall Creek at that point, which now constitutes a large
part of the northwestern portion of the city. After
the close of the war the Geisendorff brothers rebuilt
or replaced the grist-mill and made it a much larger
establishment than before, and a few years later built
one of the finest mills in the State on the site of the
old steam-mill destroyed about twenty years before.
Robert R. Underbill built a large four-story frame
mill, — all mills were frame in those days, — a few
years after the opening of the canal, on the blufi'
bank of the swamp just east of which the Bluff'
road, now South Meridian Street, ran. The bluff'
gave him a good head for his power, and the canal
gave him water through a race starting from the east
side at the head of the upper wooden lock. Some-
times struggling, sometimes prosperous, this mill was
run for thirty years, not unfref|uently stopping alto-
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OP THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
449
gether and becoming a haunt for tramps. But some
six or eight years ago it was turned into a mattress-
factory, and was in a fairly prosperous condition, when
it took fire one morning the past winter and was
utterly destroyed.
In 1848, Gen. T. A. Morris built a flouring-mill
on the northeast corner of Meridian Street and the
Union tracks, at the east end of the Union Depot
site, and carried on merchant milling there success-
fully, but the mill burned in 1853. It was never re-
built or replaced by another at another point. In this
establishment was first used the automatic or machine-
packing apparatus, which steadily and regularly kept
the flour, as it entered the barrels from the bolting-
cloths, pressed smoothly down. Some years after the
destruction of this mill the changes began on the
canal basin that have covered all the available ground
there with flouring-mills, and recently with apparatus
of the new kind, which substituted chilled iron
rollers for stones, and saves all the flour that used to
stick to the bran. The Gibson mills at least have
made this substitution. The Skiller mill has been idle
for several years. Some embarrassment in the afi'airs
of the Gibson mills caused their sale last summer, but
not their suspension. There are now nine flouring-
mills in the city and near it. The Arcade on West
Maryland Street, at the crossing of Missouri, belong-
ing to Blanton, Watson & Co. (steam), originally
built by Mr. Carlisle and his son Harry D. in 1868
as the Home Mill, and conducted by them till 1874;
since 1879 the present proprietors have had it. The
capacity is about 200 barrels a day. The rollers are
used here. It was burned in May, 1881, but rebuilt
and reopened in December. The Hoosier State Mills,
owned by Richardson & Evans, on the site of the old
steam-mill, contains 30 sets of rolls, with a capacity
of 350 barrels a day; were burned in 1880, but got
in running order in August. Jacob Ehrerman, on
Clifford Avenue and Archer Street ; Monroe & Len-
non, Shelby Street; Schofield, on Fall Creek; Har-
vest Mill, on Eagle Creek near the Vandalia road ;
Union Star Mill, formerly Buscher's brewery, changed
to a mill in 1870, owned by Frederick Prange since
1880, capacity 50 barrels a day ; City Mills, Holmes &
Hartman, East Washington Street, No. 354 (rollers
and stones), capacity about 50 barrels in 24 hours.
The capacity of all the flouring-mills is stated by Mr.
Blake, secretary of the Board of Trade, at 500,000
barrels a year.
Hominy. — Flour is not the only product of grain-
grinding, though the largest. The Indianapolis
Hominy-Mill uses about 2000 bushels of corn a day
in making hominy, grits, and corn-flour. It was
burned twice within a year, in June and October,
1881, but has been rebuilt in better condition and
larger than ever. It is situated at the crossing of
Palmer Street and the Jeffersonville Railroad, and is
now owned by M. A. Downing and E. F. Claypool,
late of the Belt road management. Hall's Western
Hominy-Mill, at the crossing of Kentucky Avenue
and the Belt road, west side, uses about 1000 bushels
of corn a day, and turns out about 8150,000 worth of
hominy, corn-flour, and feed a year. It began opera-
tions in August, 1882, with a capital of $25,000.
James Kelly's mill, 430 North Alabama Street, is a
smaller establishment. The annual . product of all
is about S500,000.
Brewing. — Without entering into the controversy
concerning the nutritive character of malt liquors,
the manufacture may be briefly treated in this con-
nection as closely related to the topic of grain
products. The first brewery was put in opera-
tion here in 1834 or 1835, by John L. Youug and
William Wernweg, contractor for the National road
bridges. It stood on the south side of Maryland
Street, half-way between the line of the future Canal
and West Street. It was not a very extensive or
profitable establishment, and appears to have sunk
almost entirely out of view as a source of business by
1840. It was next known under the management of
Mr. Faux, about 1841 or 1842. He was a French-
man, who bought frog-legs of the boys for beer, and
made a good deal of his profit by selling yeast to the
housewives of the town to make light or raised bis-
cuit at a time when baker's bread was not held in
high esteem, and every respectable household ex-
pected its bread hot at every meal. Not long after,
Mr. Faux moved to Noble and Washington Streets
and opened a brewery there, and some one else, Mr.
John Philip Meikel probably, continued that at the
450
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
old stand. He removed it in a few years to the old
Carlisle House, a three-story frame palace, built west
of West Street in 1848 for a fashionable hotel, but
would not pass for it, and there it collapsed a few
years ago. About the time the war broke out Frank
Wright established an ale-brewery on Blake Street, a
little north of the Landers pork-house, which con-
tinued in successful operation about twelve years, but
finally succumbed to the superior attractiveness of
lager and suspended. The early breweries made
nothing but what was called strong beer. It was
neither ale nor lager, and none of it is made now, so
that it is hard to describe it to one who knows nothing
of it experimentally. Mr. Wright's brewery was the
first to make ale, and Mr. C. F. Schmidt's, since be-
come famous under the management of his widow
and sons as Schmidt's brewery, was the first to make
lager, at least in any merchantable quantity or con-
dition.
Mr. Schmidt began brewing lager in 1858-59, on
the site where the present huge establishment stands,
filling a whole block south of McCarty to Wyoming,
at the head of Alabama Street. A recent statement
says the original brewery building remains, two
stories high, 93 by 40 feet, with a two-and-a-half
story brick ice-house 60 by 80 feet, with cellars 94
by 85 feet, and a new brick ice-house, directly on
McCarty Street, able to hold 1800 tons of ice on the
second story, with cellars two stories in depth, con-
structed with stone and iron ; a stable one and a half
stories in height and 50 by 120 feet in dimensions;
a two-story bottling-house 60 by 130 feet in dimen-
sions. An additional building 40 by 115 feet in size,
is occupied as a malt-house ; and in the various depart-
ments a force of 70 hands is employed and 50 horses
with 30 wagons are required to deliver the beer to
city customers. The bottling department was started
as recently as 1881, yet about thirty barrels are bottled
daily. The house owns extensive ice-ponds north-
west of the city and large ice-houses erected there,
not less than 10,000 tons of ice being annually re-
quired in the business. The sales for the year 1882
reached nearly 60,000 barrels. The cellars and
vaults are among the finest in the West, and have an
aggregate storage capacity for 25,000 barrels.
Lieber's brewery, on Madison Avenue below Mor-
ris Street, backing upon the JefFersonville Railroad,
is a considerably younger establishment than the pre-
ceding, but is little inferior in the extent of its busi-
ness, and notably in the character of its product.
The present proprietor, Peter Lieber, is the founder of
the business, and its success is the result of his energy,
enterprise, and honorable dealing. The same may be
said of Maus' brewery, on the Fall Creek race, near
the intersection of New York and Agnes Streets.
It was established by Mr. Caspar Maus, father of the
present managers, and by him pushed to a point of
marked success, when he died, leaving his sons to
carry on the enterprise with the same energy and
prudence that established it, and is now constantly
enlarging it. The annual product is about $200,000.
The secretary of the Board of Trade says- of the
brewing interest of the city, " that our breweries" —
there are but three that amount to anything now —
" buy enough malt, hops, barley, ice, and other arti-
cles to form a good market." And adds, " However,
two of them are substituting ' cold-air machines' in-
stead of ice for cooling purposes, which is said to
produce much better results in every way. In short,
it is safe to say that the breweries of Indianapolis
have no superiors in the completeness of their ap-
pointments and the quality of their products ; and it
is well known that they ' hold their own' in competi-
tion with other cities."
Total capital of breweries for 18S2 ?713,000
Value of raw material used in 1S82 469,500
Wages paid during 1S82 103,100
Total value of manufactured product 733,000
Several breweries in other cities have agencies
here, and distribute their beer as the Indianapolis
breweries do.
Distilling. — Liquor-making, in spite of the abun-
dance of corn, has never been an important or even
considerable business in Indianapolis, and during a
large part of the city's existence there has been no
distillery at all in or near it. The reason of so ex-
ceptional a lack of enterprise in a direction so likely
to be profitable is probably to be found in the com-
pletion of establishments with the great advantages
of water transportation in their favor. There was a
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
451
distillery on or near the Bajou nearly as early as the
Yandes mill, and its product was as famous in the
neighborhood as any present brand of stranclino-
liquor from " Jersey Lightning" to " Robinson
County." It seems to have disappeared, though, by
the time the town organization was first formed.
Somewhere about the time of the completion of
the Madison Railroad Capt. Cain established a dis-
tillery on the northeast border of the town, outside
the " donation," and kept it in operation a few years,
apparently with little advantage. About the same
time, or rather earlier, the late Jacob Landis built a
small distillery on Pleasant Run, in connection with
a mill run by water from the creek, brought by a race
along the south face of the bluff at the lower end of
the Catholic cemetery. Some few years later the still-
house passed to the hands of some of the farmers
along Pleasant Run, Mr. DeMotte or Mr. Hoefgen,
but it went to decay some years ago, and there is no
trace of it or the mill-race discernible now. A few
years after the close of the war the Mount Jackson
distillery was built, close to Little Eagle Creek, and
has been run fitfully, with long intervals of suspen-
sion, ever since. It has been in court sometimes, too,
and recently was sold on some judicial order. It is
the only distillery about the city, or that has been for
twenty-five years or more. It is a business that does
not enter into any report or estimate of the city's
condition or trade.
Baking. — One of the settlers of 1820 was Conrad
Broussell or Brussell, a baker, who, from Mr. Now-
land's account, began his professional work very soon
after his arrival. But it was a whole generation
after the settlement before the people became so far
alienated from old home fashions as to substitute the
baker's loaf for the home-made biscuit and " salt-
rising"' bread. Of course there were some who had
been accustomed to "bought bread," and on these
farmers, who wanted to live awhile in town, or rela-
tives of the family who were willing to help with the
house-work for their board, gave place to foreigners,
who, as capable and careful as they might be, could
not replace the home-trained girl of the farm. The
latter had been brought up to do the family cooking
with her mother since she could handle a knife or a
rolling-pin, and she could do homo-baking as well as
the mistress. The foreign substitute could not. Thus
it came that the housewife had to go back to her
" dough-board" and " tray," or buy her bread ready
made. This was one contributing influence. An-
other and more powerful, no doubt, was the tendency
of all communities to substitute paid for personal labor
as they grow older and richer. At all events, the
first generation of Indianapolitans ate bread made at
home, as a good many do yet, and it is mainly since
the war that bakers' wagons and daily visits have
become as much a part of the average household life
as the morning wash or the evening meal.
The chief product of the baker's art in old times
was the " hoosier bait," as related in the general his-
tory ; and " baker Brown," who kept a place on Fort
Wayne Avenue, or near by, and sold gingerbread in
" fip" squares, with spruce beer, — a sort of exagger-
ated pop, very like " ginger ale," — made a little
money and a good deal of business reputation that
would have been a fortune to him now. In later
days, when the professional bread-maker came more
largely into the daily supply of the town's necessities,
the business fell into the hands of Germans chiefly,
as it is now and has been all the time. Most of them
work for daily customers and household service, but
a few do a larger business, and supply markets all
through the West. The oldest of these is the present
Taggart establishment, which was begun soon after
the completion of the Madison Railroad, by Hugh
Thompson, a Scotchman, whose first establishment
the early baker or two of the town depended for a | was on the corner of Delaware and South Streets, but
subsequently removed to East Street, when it passed
into the hands of the Taggart Brothers. Recently
one of them bought the old and extensive South-Side
bakery of Anthony Ball, on Illinois Street below the
Union depot. The brothers, singly or together, do a
great deal of cracker-baking. The next oldest large
living. Others learned the fashion later, but it is
doubtful if the baker would ever have banished home-
made bread as far as he has if he had not been aided
by other agencies. As the town grew and immigra-
tion increased, the domestics, who had been in the
past, girls from the country, daughters of well-to-do
452
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
establishment is that of Parrott & Nickum, 190
and 192 East Washington Street. They succeeded
Alexander Metzgar in 1862, and now occupy three
floors, each 40 by 195 feet, using 100 barrels of the
best flour daily. Their business amounts to $150,000
a year, and extends throughout all the adjacent
States. Bryce's steam bakery, 14 and 16 East
South Street, was established in 1870 by Peter F.
Bryce. a level-headed, enterprising, big-hearted Scotch-
man. He uses 7 wagons and 25 employes in bis
house, and supplies over 300 customers daily, besides
selling a good deal at wholesale for shipment abroad.
His consumption of flour is about two hundred bar-
rels a week. Mr. Bryce represented his ward in the
Council one term, and made a very eflBcient and pop-
ular councilman. There arc altogether some 51
bakeries in the city, but these are the chief estab-
lishments in the wholesale trade. The Indianapolis
Cracker Company may be noted as one of the leading
city industries of this class.
Starch-Making. — W. F. Piel & Co.'s starch-fac-
tory is located in the southwest part of Indianapolis,
on grounds bounded east and north by Dakota and
Morris Streets, and bordering White River on the
west, and is the only establishment of the kind in the
city.
The business was established in the spring of 1867
by W. F. Piel, Edward Mueller, Charles Wischmier,
and Henry Burke, who formed a partnership for the
purpose, and built the Union Starch-Factory, on East
New York Street, just outside the corporation limits.
It was a brick building one hundred feet square, in
which were included the entire works, all under one
roof. Their capacity was about two hundred bushels
of corn per day, and they employed from thirty to
thirty-five men.
On the night of Oct. 8, 1868, the factory was
totally destroyed by fire, supposed to have been the
work of an incendiary. New buildings of about the
same capacity were erected on the same site immedi-
ately afterward, and the business was continued by
the firm until October, 1872, when Messrs. Mueller,
Wischmier, and Burke sold their interests to E.
Birchard, who then became associated with Mr. Piel
in the business, and it was carried on by them until
April, 1873, when the partnership was dissolved, and
the Union Starch-Factory ceased operations.
In March, 1873, Mr. Piel formed a partnership
with Mr. Andrew Erekenbrecker, of Cincinnati, under
the firm-name of W. F. Piel & Co., which has since
remained unchanged. The object of the partnership
was to erect and operate extensive starch-works in
Indianapolis, on a more eligible site than that of the
old factory on New York Street. For this purpose
they purchased about fifteen acres of land (a part of
the property on which the works now stand), and in
June of the same year commenced the erection of two
brick buildings, each one hundred and thirty by one
hundred feet in size and three stories high. Tracks
were laid connecting the^manufactory with the main
line of the Vandalia Railroad, the grading being done
at the expense of Piel & Co. The works were com-
pleted and put in operation in March, 1874, employ-
ing eighty hands, and using five hundred bushels of
corn per day in the manufacture of starch.
Since that time numerous additions have been
made, and the business has been largely extended.
The factory grounds — originally about fifteen acres —
have been increased to about thirty-one acres by sub-
sequent purchases of adjoining lands, — viz., ten acres
purchased in the fall of 1878, and a lot of about six
acres in 1882. A brick building one hundred by
twenty-eight feet and twenty-five feet high was
erected in 1875 for storage of corn. On the ten-
acre tract purchased in 1878 the firm erected, in the
following spring, a brick building one hundred by
one hundred and thirty feet and two stories high,
to be used for packing and storage purposes. Sub-
sequently (1882) this building was raised to three
stories in height, and in the same year a brick " run-
house" was built, eighty by two hundred feet in
size.
Originally the motive-power of the factory was
furnished by a one hundred horse steam-engine.
Two smaller engines (of twenty and twenty-five
horse-power respectively) have since been added,
and now (November, 1883) the firm has in process
of construction by a noted builder of Milwaukee a
" Corliss" engine of three hundred horse-power to
replace the first one. When the factory is put in
^
^^6:.. (2/ (Z&
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
453
operation (about Jan. 1, 1884) with the new engine
and some other contemplated improvements, its
capacity will be two thousand five hundred bushels
of corn per day, employing from one hundred and
twenty-five to one hundred and fifty men.
William F. Piel is of Prussian ancestry, and the
son of Cort Henry Piel, who was born and lived in
Dankarsen, near Minden, in Prussia, where he fol-
lowed farming employments. He married Katarina
Poppe, of Larbeck,in the same judicial district, and
had children, — Mary, Henry, Frederick, Katarina,
Charles, Christian, William F., and Ernst, of whom
five are living. William F., who is the subject of
this biographical sketch, was born at the home in
Dankarsen, Prussia, on the 23d of April, 1823, and
there remained during his early youth under the care
of his brother Henry, who became owner of the prop-
erty on the death of the mother. At the age of sev-
enteen he chose the trade of a cooper, and followed it
for seven years at the nominal sum of twenty-five dol-
lars per year. On attaining his twenty-fourth year
he decided to emigrate to America, and landing in
Baltimore on the 8th of August, 1846, he came
direct to Indianapolis. Here, from the time of his
arrival until 1858, he followed his trade. Circum-
stances influenced him at this juncture to change his
business and embark in mercantile ventures. After
keeping for some years a country store, with a stock
adapted to general trade, he in 1867 sold out, and the
same year began the erection of a starch-factory in
the suburbs of the city, the firm by which the busi-
ness was established embracing four partners. This
was continued until 1872, when Mr. Piel purchased
the entire interest and secured another partner, who
continued for a brief period. In 1873 he formed a
business connection with Andrew Erkenbrecher, of
Cincinnati. Under this partnership the capacity of
the factory has been greatly increased, two thousand
bushels of corn being utilized in a single day. A
large demand has been created for its products, one-
third of the entire quantity produced being exported.
Mr. Piel, by his energy, his indomitable persever-
ance, and his business capacity, has placed himself
in the foremost rank of manufacturers of the city of
Indianapolis. In the midst of many discouragements,
and with but few aids to success, he has brought the
business of starch-manufacturing to a high degree of
proficiency, and made it one of the most profitable
industries of the West. Mr. Piel has been to some
extent identified with the interests of the city, and
was, as a Democrat, in 1879-80 elected one of
its aldermen, the nomination for a second term hav-
ing been declined by him. In his religious prefer-
ences he is a member of Trinity German Lutheran
Church of Indianapolis, of which he is also a trustee.
His wife and children are members of the same
church. Mr. Piel was on the 29th of January,
1849, married to Elonore Wishmeyr, of Frille, near
Minden, Prussia. Their children are William F.
(married to Miss Lizzie Meyer), Henry C. F. (mar-
ried to Mary Ostermeyer), Charles F. W. (married
to Lena Stroup), Amelia M. H. (who is Mrs. Henry
Melcher, of Cleveland), Lena M. M., George H. W.
(deceased), and Mary L. E.
2d. Wood Products. — The next most important
industry in the amount of annual product, the capital
invested, and the population supported, is of lumber
and wood in various forms. It would be impossible,
even if it would be of interest, to indicate the origin
and growth of each separate class of manufactures of
wood, and a summary of leading points must serve.
Lumber-yards, and machinery for the manufacture of
lumber products, are of comparatively recent date.
Pine lumber was but little used for fifteen years after
the completion of the first railroad, and was not really
in general use until the close of the civil war. Before
that poplar was the wood for house-work, for doors,
windows, weather-boarding, and shingles, and ash for
floors. Both are still used, poplar chiefly for the
best weather-boarding and house-finishing, and ash
for finishing and flooring, but not so extensively.
Within about twenty years the use of pine has become
almost universal for frame-work.
Saw-mills are frequent enough for a Michigan
pinery, and have been gathering in and about the
city since the completion of the first railroad, or near
it, but their work is mainly on the hard wood of the
forests, which are so rapidly and mischievously dis-
appearing. Besides the first saw-mill on Fall Creek,
above Indiana Avenue, and the saw-mill attachment
454
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
to the old steam-mill, there was no sawing done in
the town or its close vicinity till the Eaglesfield Mill
was built, soon after the completion of the canal and
the collection of an abundant water-power in the
basin of one of the old ravines, where the water-
works building is now. This mill continued in
operation, more or less steadily, for ten or twelve
years, and was succeeded by an oil-mill. In 18(51
its place was taken by the paper-mill now belonging
to Salisbury & Vinton. In 1849, Mr. Kortepeter
started a saw-mill on South Pennsylvania Street. In
1857, Fletcher & Wells had one on Massachusetts
Avenue. Gay & Stevens had another near the Madi-
son Railroad depot the same year. John F. Hill built
one on East Street in 1858, which was burned the
next year and rebuilt. In connection with this mill,
for a time, was operated the first shingle-machine in
the city. In 1858, Messrs. Off & Wishmeier ran a
saw-mill in the northeast part of the city, on Rail-
road Street, and Helwig & Blake had one on the
canal the same year. JIarsey built one on New
Jer.sey Street in 1859, and the late James H. Me-
Keruan ran one a few years on Kentucky Avenue,
mainly to cut up the sycamore growth of the Mc-
Carty farm, for which he had contracted, and the
lumber of which he used in building a large number
of cheap residences in the southwestern part of the
city, between the creek and the river, for workmen,
who were allowed to count their rent as purchase-
money, if they chose, and in a short time become
owners, instead of tenants. There are now 42 lum-
ber-yards and dealers in the city, some with mills for
sawing, some for sash, door, and blind work, some
for hard wood, and some for all kinds. Besides
these, certain cla.sses of wood manufacturers keep
large lumber-yards for their own use. Fourteen
lumber-yards are reported by the secretary of the
Board of Trade as doing a retail business to the
amount of $1,500,000 of lumber, shingles, and laths
the past year, while the whole lumber trade is esti-
mated at §3,000,000.
The trade in black walnut is kept up, but not so
extensively as formerly. The walnut woods of In-
diana are practically exhausted. Their lumber was
the best in the market. Indiana walnut commands
the best price and the greatest sale in Europe, as
well as at home. And the demand for it, when it
had been held of little value for a lifetime, cleared
it off with a rapidity that would have delighted the
pioneer, who looked upon it as a sort of natural
enemy of the farmer and the corn crop. Its place is
supplied now by the walnut picked up by agents in
all parts of the Mississippi Valley. Col. A. D.
Streight, the largest dealer in the country, whose
business has averaged $500,000 a year for fifteen
years, gets his walnut from Iowa, Missouri, Kansas,
Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia,
but ships much of it East directly without bringing
it to his yards and mills in the city. Still, there are
a dozen or so other dealers that do a considerable
business in this and other hard lumber. It is
worth noting in this connection that wild-cherry
lumber is coming into demand again. For many
years after the first settlement of the city cherry
was the exclusive lumber of cabinet-work and orna-
mental work generally, if any of that era can be
called ornamental. Bureaus, bedsteads, tables, wash-
stands, and all sorts of furniture were made of
cherry. And it was especially the wood of coffins
till the costly burial-cases of later days superseded it.
Of course the wealthier people used mahogany,
sometimes ro.sewood, or other tropical growths, but
cherry was the lumber of the American average citi-
zen, and the farmer. For a generation, however,
cherry has beeu put aside, till a recent freak of
fashion has reached it. Now it is used largely for
car-finishing, and is especially in demand for ebon-
izing purposes, as the wood makes very fine imitation
ebony.
For ordinary domestic use pine is the lumber of
this region, as of the whole country. Even houses
that are weather-boarded with poplar are framed of
pine and shingled with pine, and the trade in it has
grown to be one of the leading items of the commerce
of the capital. The earliest, or among the earliest
dealers in lumber, exclusively, in the city is the firm
of Coburn & Jones. It was at first Coburn & Lingen-
felter, and had the yard on the corner of New York
and Delaware Streets in 1860. In 1862, William H.
Jones, one of the early settlers of the city, and for
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
455
some years proprietor of a blaokt^mith-bhop on the
corner of Tennessee Street and Kentucky Avenue,
north of the Chamber of Commerce, boug;ht Linden-
feller's interest, and the firm has been Coburn &
Jones now about twenty-two years. In 1865 the
yard was removed to the present location on the
block once known as " Sheets' pasture," between
Georgia Street and the Union tracks, and between
Tennessee and Mississippi Streets, occupying the major
part of the four acres, while on the north side of Georgia
Street, occupying over 100 feet on that street and as
much on Kentucky Avenue, they carry on a planing-
milj, and make doors, sa.sh, and all other work usually
turned out by sash-factories. They employ 40 to 45
hands, about equally divided between the lumber-
yard and the mill, and sell now about $150,000 of
lumber, lath, and shingles annually, but in good
seasons increase this amount by 8100,000.
The yard and mill of the Dickson Brothers, at the
crossing of Market Street and Pogue's Creek, is
nearly as old as the preceding establishment, having
been opened by the father of the brothers in 1865.
It covers a whole square, employs some 30 hands,
and ships about 4,000,000 feet of hard-wood lumber
a year. The floods in the creek have caused the pro-
prietors a great deal of loss and trouble, and the city
stands in a good position to reimburse them, or to be
compelled to protect them. Wright & Hopkins, in
South Alabama Street, established here a branch of
the large Buffalo house of Scatchard & Son, in 1860,
dealing chiefly in hard-wood lumber. The Cutler &
Savidge Company established a branch of their Mich-
igan house here in 1876, and removed to their present
site, 151 to 161 South East Street, in 1882. The yard
covers an area of nearly 8 acres, and the business
amounts to 10,000,000 feet a year. R. B. Emerson
& Son, West Market Street, began as Emerson, Beam
& Thompson in 1864. Mr. Thompson withdrew in
1807, and Mr. J. B. Emerson came in, and after Mr.
Beam withdrew, in 1874, the firm became Emerson
& Son. A planing-mill is connected with the yard.
Murry & Co., Russell & Co., Rapert, Foster & Co.,
Paul, Eldridge & Co., Gladden, Cope & Hunt, Carter
& Lee (Indianola), Lyons, Huey & Son, King, Long,
Carmichael & Bingham, are also largely engaged in
lumber, besides several establishments of later date or
lighter business.
Furniture — The first cabinet-maker of tjift^ret-
tlement was Caleb Scudder, a pioneer of 18^1. But
very close after him, not later than 1823, came Sam-
uel Duke, with whom James Grier, still living, learned
his trade. Among those who followed were Fleming
T. Luse, who in 1835 had a shop on Pennsylvania
Street, about where the Bank of Commerce now is.
Later Mr. Donnelan worked there, or in that neigh-
borhood. The late John F. Ramsey and James
Grier, about 1845, carried on the same business, but
mixed up with their own work an extensive trade in
articles bought of wholesale manufacturers, in a large
house on South Illinois Street, about half-way between
Washington and Maryland. Mordecai Cropper made
furniture a little earlier than Mr. Ramsey's arrival,
leaving here for the far West in 1838, and, returning
two or three years ago, after an absence of more than
forty years, finding a city of 90,000 people where he
left a village of 3000. Joseph I. Stretcher, about
the time Mr. Cropper left, established the largest
cabinet manufactory of the time on West Washing-
ton Street, about where the Iron Block stands. A
fire came near destroying the whole establishment
here about the time of the Polk- and Clay campaign.
Contemporary with Mr. Stretcher, and working upon
a scale of equal magnitude and enterprise, was the
establishment of Espy & Sloan, on West Washington
Street, and later Sloan & Ingersoll.
About the time that old-fashioned cabinet-work and
cabinet-makers, with their old-fashioned cherry lum-
ber for everything that was needed in household fur-
niture, from a cradle to a sideboard, were passing
away, and new fashions of more variety, beauty, and
expense were coming in, about the year 1855, Messrs.
Spiegel & Thorns began the first manufacture of fur-
niture on a difierent line, and with a closer regard to
the improved taste of the time. Their beginning
was humble enough, in a little shop on East Wash-
ington Street, but by 1863 they were doing so well
that they had to seek better accommodations, and
moved to East Street, near the creek, and in three
years built there the first five-story house in the town
to make room for their work and workmen. Ten
456
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
years or so ago they again doubled their capacity by
erecting a fiue five-story block on West Washington
Street, a little east of Masonic Hall, with an equal
front on Kentucky Avenue. This is the oldest ex-
tensive furniture-factory in the city, and if not the
largest, is certainly unsurpassed by any.
Augustus Spiegel. — Mr. Spiegel, who is of
German ancestry, is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth
Brown Spiegel, who resided in the town of Michel-
stadt, in Hesse-Darmstadt. They had among their
children Augustus, the subject of this biographical
sketbh, whose birth occurred on the 1st of May,
1825, in the above town. Here his childhood was
passed until seven years of age, when his parents,
with their children, in 1832 emigrated to America
and settled in Baltimore, Md., where the father died
three years after. The family, two years later, re-
moved to Cincinnati, where Augustus became a pupil
at a German and English school, and there acquired
the rudiments of an education. At the age of four-
teen he entered the office of the Christian Advocate,
published in Cincinnati, as press-boy, and acted in
that capacity for two years. At the age of seven-
teen he decided upon the trade of cabinet-maker as
that most fitted to his peculiar abilities, and served
an apprenticeship of four years, after which his crafl
was followed for the same length of time in Cincin-
nati. He was in 1848 united in marriage to Miss
Anne Eliza, daughter of Thomas and Hester Lackey,
of Philadelphia. Their children are Louisa (married
to William C. Nichols), William C, Henry L., Mollie
M. (married to Edward Noland), and two who are
deceased. The sons are associated with their father
in the business of furniture manufacturing. Mr.
Spiegel, after liis marriage, removed to Lawrence-
burg, Ind., and continued his trade. In 1858 he
repaired to Indianapolis, then a rapidly-growing city,
and became a member of the firm of Spiegel, Thorns
& Co., manufacturers of furniture. He has since
that time continued his connection with the busi-
ness, which has greatly increased in proportions,
and now ranks among the leading industries of the
city. Mr. Spiegel devotes his attention exclusively
to the business in which he is engaged, and has
little leisure for matters of a public character. He
participates but rarely in the excitement of political
life, and casts his vote for the most deserving candi-
date irrespective of party ties. He is a member of
Centre Lodge of Independent Order of Odd-Fellowa
of Indianapolis.
Two years later than Spiegel & Thorns, Mr. John
Vetter began an extensive furniture business at the
Madison depot, and conducted it successfully for
eight or nine years, when the establishment was
burned, in 1866. Helwig & Roberts began the same
year with Mr. Vetter (1857) on the canal, in a factory
that was burned and rebuilt in 1860. M. S. Huey,
on West Washington Street, with a large workshop
on the alley south, between Mississippi Street and
the canal, began about the time that Spiegel & Thorns
did. John Ott, who excelled in carved work, was
contemporary with both the last-named houses, and
built an extensive shop on West Washington Street,
a little east of Mississippi, which was taken for the
State arsenal when Governor Morton concluded to
make the ammunition for the war instead of waiting
for the inferior stuff of the government. Field &
Day did cabinet-work on Vermont Street contempo-
raneously with Espy & Sloan ; Wilkins & Hall worked
on West Washington Street in 1864; Philip Dolin,
on South Meridian Street, in 1865 ; burned and re-
commenced in 1867 ; C. J. Myer, on East Washing-
ton Street, about the outbreak of the war ; the Cabi-
net-Makers' Union, East Market Street, at the creek,
in 1859. This last is one of the largest establish-
ments in the city, as also one of the oldest. Its
buildings and yards cover the larger part of a block
on the east bank of the creek. The Indianapolis
Cabinet Company and the Indianapolis Veneer Com-
pany occupy the extensive series of buildings at the
extremity of Massachusetts Avenue, on Malott Ave-
nue, where the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing-Machine
Company established a cabinet-making branch as
early as 1862. The works employ altogether about
300 hands. The president of the company was Mr.
Helwig's partner in the furniture-factory just referred
to. The annual business is an excess of $300,000.
The Wooten Desk Company, who make a specialty of
fine writing and business desks, formerly had a factory
on the Bee Line road, near the city. Emerich, Pau-
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OP THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
lini & Co., on Morris Street, east of the creek, began
work in 1881, making a specialty of tables, but are
now extending their business and greatly enlarging
their capacity. On South Tennessee Street Henry
Hermann has a very extensive furniture-factory and
lumber-yard on the site of the old Greenleaf Machine-
Works, and with it has another on South Pennsyl-
vania Street just below South Street.
A. D. Streight & Co. began business with a lum-
ber-yard, in 1865, on the ground south of the Van-
dalia depot, mostly occupied at that time by the
Indianapolis Wagon-Works, since removed to North
Indianapolis and out of existence. In 1866 they
removed to a site south of the Vandalia road on
West Street, and then moved north and to their
present site. They dealt in pine somewhat at first,
but soon passed entirely into the walnut and hard-
wood trade. Some three years ago they added a
chair-factory to their mills, and now turn out about
$50,000 worth of that class of work a year. The
Indianapolis Chair Manufacturing Company on West
New York Street, at the canal, do an extensive
busine.ss in the same way, the largest, probably, of
the kind in the city. The Western Furniture Com-
pany have a large establishment on Madison Avenue
north of Morris Street. King & Elder, South
Meridian Street ; Lauter & Frese, Massachusetts
Avenue ; Ralston & Co., East Washington Street ;
Sander & Recker, East Washington ; Miller, Indiana
Avenue; Morton, West Washington; Smith, West
Washington; H. Frank & Co., East Washington;
Born & Co., and Benson, East Washington, are all
engaged in general furniture-making.
Lounges are a specialty largely manufactured by
several houses here, and sold wholesale to the large
dealers in the cities around us, — St. Louis, Chicago,
Louisville, and others. Michael Clurie was engaged
in this work and mattress-making in the old Under-
bill mill when that relic of old times was recently
destroyed by fire. Ott & Madden carried on a very
large business, amounting to $150,000 a year, when
their establishment on Morris Street was nearly de-
stroyed by fire in December, 1883. Since then the
firm has dissolved, Mr. Ott continuing at the old place
and Capt. Madden opening soon in a large establish-
30
457
ment on Merrill Street. Otto Stecban also does an
extensive business in lounges on Fort Wayne Ave-
nue. He began in 1875, employs now sixty work-
men, and does a business of about $150,000 a year.
Vance & Zehringer, on Massachusetts Avenue, Hoff-
man, on North East Street, Ferriter, on East South,
and Krause, on East Washington, are engaged in
the same specialty.
Aqricultueal Implements Although largely
sold here by the agents of manufacturers at other points
in the State and in other States, there is very little
manufacture of agricultural implements in Indianapo-
lis. Agricultural machinery is made here by several
houses, and has been for thirty years and more.
The Eagle Machine- Works made threshers or sepa-
rators as early as 1851, and competed with the older
houses of Richmond and the White Water Valley at
the first State Fair, in 1852, and portable engines
and other machinery for farm-work are made here as
largely as any class of machinery, but agricultural
implements, plows, axes, spades, and the like are un-
known to the manufacturing skill and enterprise of
this city. Eight or ten years ago, or about the time
the panic of 1873 fairly closed in on business here,
a large establishment was planned and partly built, a
few miles up Fall Creek, for the manufacture on a
large scale of the Simmons axe, but the hard times
killed the project, and the succeeding better times
have not revived it. Two years ago the secretary of
the Board of Trade, Mr. H. C. Wilson, noticing the
deficiency of the city's enterprise in this direction,
said that the agricultural area of the State, exclu-
sive of surfaces covered by water, was 21,637,760
acres, of which 90 per cent, is capable of cultivation
with the plow, and yet nearly one-half is untilled.
The sales of agricultural machinery and implements,
he says, in Indianapolis, in 1881, "amounted to
$1 250,000, a very small per cent, of which, except
engines and threshers, was made here, or within sixty
miles of the city, while some of the standard articles
of lar^e sale were manufactured a thousand miles
away. This should not be."
The very best and most suitable timber is abundant
here and the coal-fields embrace an area of 6500
square miles, offering seven workable seams, at a
458
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
depth ranging from 50 to 220 feet, and averaging
four and a half feet in thickness. There are prob-
ably 175,000 farms in the State of Indiana, more
than 2400 miles of gravel and turnpike road, and
54,000 miles of common road. There are 5000
miles of railroad, traversing every part of the State,
bringing it into close communication with this city,
through the medium of twelve railroads, radiating
from here in every direction, to which two new roads
will be added within a few months, and a third prob-
ably before the close of the year. Upon these roads
citizens of eighty-two counties out of the ninety-two
that compose the State can come to Indianapolis and
return the same day.
Yet there is manufactured in Indianapolis but an
insignificant per cent, of the machinery and imple-
ments used upon the roadways or farms of Indiana.
There are more plows used on farms abutting this
city than are made in the entire county, yet 'the
timber is near and abundant. From the tower of the
court-house one may see the forest where men are
now cutting timber, which is sent away one hundred
and fifty miles, to be made into plow-frames, and the
plows brought here and sold by thousands, and u.sed
in fields no farther away than the woods where the
timber grew. Every year there are about 2500 two-
horse sulky-plows sent here and sold, also 25,000
breaking-plows, 2500 one-horse steel-tooth hay-rakes,
10,000 cultivators, 2000 two-horse wheat-drills, and
car-loads of one-horse wood-rakes, corn-shellers, and
cutting-boxes, and many other farm implements
which are not made here to any appreciable extent.
Mowers and reapers are also brought here and sold
to the number of 1000 annually, and to the amount
of $1,500,000 in the State every year, and there are
none made in Indiana. If these facts do not demon-
strate that here is an unoccupied field for profitable
industries, then is this statement shorn of a degree
of humiliation which seems to attach to it.
The deficiency thus deplored is in a fair way to be
filled. The city papers announced very recently that
an establishment for the manufacture of one class of
agricultural implements was projected by men amply
able to accomplish it. The statement is that a
partnership has been formed for building a manufac-
tory in this city which will employ several hundred
men. The establishment will probably be located on
the site of the old rolliug-mill, in the southwestern
part of the city, and the construction of the buildings,
it is said, will begin early in the spring of 1884.
The company will manufacture an improved grain-
reaper which was recently patented by Dr. Allen, and
in the operation of the business a very large number
of men will be employed.
Carriages and Wagons. — Wagons for road and
farm use were made here as in all frontier towns,
among the earliest products of mechanical skill, for
they were among the earliest necessities of pioneer
life. George Norwood, as before noted, was the first
wagon-maker. His shop was on the east side of
Illinois Street, about where the building of the Young
Men's Christian Association stands, and here it re-
mained till about 1845, though Mr. Norwood gave
up the business before that, and occupied himself
with his buildings and property on Illinois and Wash-
ington Streets. Thomas Anderson also was a wagon-
maker on East Washington Street, and Richard
Anderson (no relation) was a wagon-maker by trade,
but had no shop of his own for any considerable
time.
About the year 1832 a Mr. Johnson, who had a
contract for carrying the mail by stage on some of the
routes into the town, established a carriage-factory on
the present site of the post-office, or a little south of
it, but his main object was the making and repairing
of his own coaches. His successor, Lashley, com-
mitted here the second murder in the history of the
place, in 1836. About the year 1840, Hiram and
his surviving brother, Edward, — the latter had worked
for Johnson in the Pennsylvania Street shop, — began
carriage-work on an alley south of Maryland Street,
at the Illinois Street corner. A little later, about
1842, they built a large establishment where the
Bates House stands, and carried on an extensive
business there till 1850, or near that time. Then
Edward opened a shop on Kentucky Avenue, — pos-
sibly he did so before the time suggested, — and not
long afterwards Hiram died. This was the earliest
large carriage-factory in the city. It has been suc-
ceeded at one time or another since by Drew, George
MANUFACTUKING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
459
Lowe, Heifer & Co., the IndiaDapolis Wagon-Works,
before alluded to, Shaw & Lippincott, Helfrich, Hart-
man, GuedelhoefiFer, Bernd Brothers, on Morris
Street, Robbins & Garrad, O'Brien & Lewis, Miller
& Co., Furst & Bradley Manufacturing Company,
Burnworth & Kohnle, Kramer, La Rue & Hill,
Kayser, Schweikel & Prange, James Nunn Kierolf,
Job Alzire, V. M. Backus, Circle Street, G. H.
Shover, C. R. Albright, Indiana Avenue. The Shaw &
Lippincott firm was changed to a company, and built
a very large and admirably-arranged factory on the
east bank of Pleasant Run, where the Belt road sub-
sequently crossed it, and did some work there, but
the times would not .support so extensive an enter-
prise, and there has been little done there, or by that
company anywhere, since 1876 or '77. A few months
ago Mr. Lowe sold his establishment on West Market
Street, and it has been converted into the Sentinel
office.
For a period of eight or ten years prior to the general
use of railroads by passengers and mails, the Vorhees
Stage Company, or firm, had a large repairing estab-
lishment and stables for their own business exclusively
on the quarter of a square at the southwest corner of
Maryland and Pennsylvania Streets. Somewhere
about 1855 or '56, the stage lines having been discon-
tinued, these shops were abandoned, and replaced by
Alvord's block of tenement-houses. This corner has
had a strange experience. It was a swamp at first.
Then the second tan-yard of the town was put there.
The stage repair-shops displaced that, and a row of
tenement-houses removed the shops, and a business
block displaced the tenement-houses a dozen years
ago.
Musical Instruments. — Though not relevant
to the subject of carriage-making, it is proper to
note here that Edward Gaston, since his retirement
from the active pursuit of his trade of carriage-
maker, has given much of his time to making musical
instruments, especially violins, and has made some
thirty or more, all of a superior tone, and readily
salable, when he chooses to sell them, at good prices.
His latest efibrt was a bass viol of remarkably fine
quality. Piano-makers we had here as early as 1843,
when Mr. Robert Parmlee worked on West Wash-
ington Street, about where the Hubbard block stands,
but did not hold out long. Twenty years ago Mr.
Trayser made pianos opposite the court-house, and
J. H. Kappes & Co. and Messrs. Garred & Co. tried it,
but with no success ; and last the Indianapolis Piano
Manufacturing Company tried it on a very large scale,
with an extensive building on Merrill Street, but that
failed too. So the only successful manufacture of
musical instruments we have ever had here is the
modest little business of Mr. Gaston's.
The Woodburn Sakven Wheel Manupao-
TORT.— This is the largest establishment of the kind
in the United States or the world, probably. Its
buildings and lumber-sheds, dry-houses and storage-
rooms, cover seven acres on both sides of Illinois
Street, between South and the creek, extending back
to Tennessee Street on the west, and eastward to the
creek north of the " elbow." It employs some 500
workmen, pays out over $200,000 a year in wages,
and turns out for sale in all parts of the world wheels
of all kinds to the amount of $700,000 a year or
more. It was started in 1847 by C. H. Crawford
and J. R. Osgood for making lasts and other shoe-
makers' implements, and was then located near the
site of the Union depot. Six years later Mr. Craw-
ford retired from the establishment, leaving Mr. Os-
good as the only proprietor. The latter shortly
afterwards added the manufacture of staves and flour-
barrels to his other business. Finding his building
too small, he erected on the present site of his estab-
lishment a three-story brick building, twenty-five by
one hundred feet. This location, now in the heart of
the city, was then in the open country, and it was
deemed a hazardous investment in that day to locate
so considerable an establishment so far from the busi-
ness portion of the city. The manufacture of wooden
hubs was added in 1866, when Mr. L. M. Bugby
was admitted into the firm. Mr. S. H. Smith was
admitted as an equal partner in 1866, and the manu-
facture of wagon and carriage materials was added.
Thus began what has grown to be a very extensive
business, not only in this city but in the State at
lar^e, employing more than $1,000,000 capital. In
February, 1864, their establishment was destroyed by
fire, involving a loss of $20,000. Within ninety days
460
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the manufactory had been rebuilt on a larger scale
than before. In the year 1865, Messrs. Woodburn
& Scott, of St. Louis, who had been doing a large
business in the manufacture of wheels of various
kinds, and who, in connection with a New Haven
firm, had the exclusive right to manufacture the cele-
brated " Sarven patent wheel." and had expended
large sums in its introduction, disposed of all their
patents and business to Messrs. Osgood & Smith.
In order to obtain the requisite capital to conduct
this extension of their business Messrs. Osgood &
Smith disposed of a one-third interest to Messrs.
Nelson & Haynes, a wealthy house in Alton, 111.,
who opened an establishment in St. Louis for the
manufacture of wagon materials. The St. Louis
house was known as Haynes, Smith & Co., the In-
dianapolis firm as Osgood, Smith & Co. Subse-
quently Mr. Woodburn purchased the interest of
Messrs. Nelson & Haynes, and the St. Louis house
then took the firm-name of Woodburn, Smith & Co.
In 1869 the establishment obtained a controlling in-
terest in the manufactory at Massac, 111., for making
carriage materials, a step that was taken for the pur-
pose of supplying the St. Louis house with materials.
In the same year they bought a large tract of timbered
land in Orange County, Ind., and erected a saw-mill
there to supply the Indianapolis manufactory with
lumber. In 1870 the concern was changed into a
joint-stock company, under the name of the Woodburn
Sarven Wheel Company, with a capital of 8250,000,
making no change in the proprietorship except as
before stated. Mr. Osgood died in June, 1871. A
few years later Mr. Smith died, shortly after return-
ing from a European tour. A very destructive
fire occurred in the works in June, 1873, in which
the chief fire engineer of the city was killed by the
falling of a wall. In a few months the damage was
repaired, though the amount of it was said at the
time to be nearly §100,000.
Boxes. — The manufacture of boxes on a large
scale was partly, if not mainly, the effect of the Eu-
ropean pork trade of Kingan & Co., which was
largely carried on in boxes instead of barrels, and
required the active work of a considerable establish-
ment, both in men and machinery, to keep it sup-
plied. This house, however, does a good deal of its
own box-making and cooperage now. Mr. Frederick
Balweg was the first manufacturer of boxes exclu-
sively in a factory on the southwest corner of the
block of Coburn & Jones' lumber-yard. He subse-
quently removed to a much larger house on Madison
Avenue, a little north of Morris Street, which has
since passed into the hands of Mr. Frederick Dietz.
Mr. Jason S. Carey also makes boxes in connection
with his extensive stave-factory on West Street.
Brunson & McKee on the canal and St. Clair Street,
and Murray & Co. on Alvord Street, in the northeast
part of the city, are engaged more or less in the
same work.
BoTTER-DiSHES, made of thin slices of poplar,
sweet gum, or linuwood, cut out by machinery and
lopped and fissured at the ends by a machine, have
become the favorite deposit of the family purchase of
butter at the grocery or creamery, and the demand
for them has started three establishments in and near
the city, two of which, in the city, were burned
within a year, and have not been replaced. The
other, at North Indianapolis, is still in operation.
Stave-Making. — This has become a very impor-
tant industry of the city, and is one of the earliest of
the second stage of industrial growth. The first
machinery for making and dressing staves and barrel-
heads was brought here and put in a shed structure
near the river, south of Maryland Street and west of
West Street, by the late John D. Defrees and his
brother Anthony, in 1856 or '57. The enterprise
was premature, however, and failed. Some years
afterward it was resumed and pushed more success-
fully, and one or two other establishments began the
manufacture of staves and barrel-heads by machinery
in other parts of the city. Mr. Jason S. Carey suc-
ceeded the Defrees' management in the original estab-
lishment, and has made a very large and lucrative
business there, covering nearly all the space north of
the St. Louis Railway, along Georgia Street north to
the alley and back to California Street. A neighbor
to him is Mr. Minter, at the foot of California Street,
in the same business, while Mr. Coleman makes barrel-
heads extensively on the Belt road east of the Jeffer-
sonville crossing ; George W. Hill is at the corner of
i^^-u^
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
461
East and Georgia; Mr. May on East Street south,
and Mr. Walter & Son on the canal at Pratt
Street.
Jason S. Caret is of English extraction, and the
son of Cephas Carey and his wife, Rhoda Jerard, who
resided in Shelby County, Ohio, where their son, the
subject of this biographical sketch, was born Nov. 28,
1828. At the age of twelve years he removed with
his parents to Sidney, the county-seat, where modest
advantages of education were attainable. Previous to
that time the log school-house in the vicinity of his
former home had enabled him to obtain the rudi-
ments of learning. He was early apprenticed to
the saddler's trade, and at the expiration of a service
of two years accompanied his brothers, Simeon B.
and Thomas, on a journey across the plains with
mules and horses to California in pursuit of gold.
The ill health of one of the number influenced their
return before any practical results followed their
labor, when Jason S. engaged with hia brother
Jeremiah in the boot and shoe business at Sidney,
Ohio, and remained thus occupied until 1861, when
he embarked in the produce business. Mr. Carey
removed the same year to Dayton, Ohio, and super-
intended the construction of the Richmond and Cov-
ington Railroad, and continued thus engaged until
February, 1863, when Indianapolis became his place
of residence. Here he embarked in the pioneer
enterprise of stave manufacturing, and was the first
manufacturer who introduced machinery for the
dressing of staves. He still conducts his business,
which has assumed large proportions, and has also
engaged in farming pursuits, though not to the ex-
clusion of more important business interests. Mr.
Carey was formerly a Whig in his political asso-
ciations, and later became a Republican, but has
not been during his active career diverted from the
bu.sy arena of commercial life to the more exciting,
but less profitable, field of politics. He is actively
engaged in religious work, and a member of the
Meridian Street Methodist Episcopal Church, in
which he is a steward. Mr. Carey was married in
18.55 to Miss Ada M., daughter of Rev. James
Smith, of Sidney, Ohio, one of the pioneer Meth-
odi.st preachers of Ohio. Two children were born to
this
marriage, a son, Harvey, deceased, and a daughter,
t.
The latest and largest addition to the stave-manu-
factories is that of the Standard Oil Company's factory
in 1879 in West Indianapolis, at the crossing of the
Belt road and Morris Street. It occupies a dozen
acres with its yard and machine-shops and drying-
houses. No returns are made of the amount of busi-
ness done by any of these factories in late years,
but the total was nearly 81,200,000 in the census
report, and the new factory has added probably a half-
million to that, which, with the increase of the other
establishments, would make the aggregate of stave-
dressing and cooperage here not much less than
S2,000,000 a year. The stave-dressing establish-
ments have created a considerable trade and a very
great convenience to householders in the shavings
they make, which are the best sort of material for
kindling fires, and can be bought by the wagon-load
as cheap as common fuel.
Cooperage. — There are eight coopering establish-
ments in the city besides those maintained in connec-
tion with Kingan's and other establishments for
special manufactures. William Baird, on Blackford
and Pearl Streets ; Daniel Burton, near Maus'
brewery, on New York Street ; Sanuel B. Gardner,
Bright Street; John W. Humphrey, Indiana Ave-
nue; R. Seiter, East McCarty Street; Cornelius
Funkhouser, Smith Street ; George H. Burton, North
Mississippi.
Picture-Frames. — One of the minor manufac-
tures of wood, but by no means a trifling one, is that
of picture-frames, which has been carried to a con-
siderable extent for a dozen years or more, chiefly by
Hermann Lieber, of the Art Emporium, on East
Washington Street ; Ralston & Co., East Washing-
ton Street; Scheiriok, on Massachusetts Avenue;
John Keen, on South Illinois; James Hoffman,
Virginia Avenue ; Hudson, Massachusetts Avenue ;
Hubbell, North Illinois Street. The Indianapolis
Picture-Frame and Moulding Company have a large
manufactory on Madison Avenue, and Wenzel Kautsky
has another on the same street, where the material
for frames is dressed and finished for the frame-
makers, who fit it to such sizes and combinations as
462
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
they wish. The aggregate of the product's of this
class per year is probably in excess of $100,000,
as it was nearly that amount three years ago. There
are no late reports from which to learn the present
condition of business.
Car- Works. — This is the latest development of
wood manufacture in or near the city, and by far the
largest and most important. The company is com-
posed mainly of a few large railroad capitalists and
managers, and aim to embody in the establishment
here all the improvements that have been devised in
the business in any part of the country. There are
five large iron-roofed and weather-boarded shops side
by side, one hundred and twenty by fifty feet, fronting
north, in which the car-wheels are east and cooled,
and all the castings are made required in the works.
Next to this is the machine-shop and blacksmith-shop.
The wood-work in its various stages is done in the
other shops. Through each a railway runs its full
length, on which the material completed in separate
parts is carried to two large shops, where they are put
together, one over five hundred feet long by about
sixty wide, the other over four hundred long, and of
the same width as the first. A very wide railway
track, ten or fifteen feet wide, extends between these
finishing-shops, and a side-track of the Belt road at
the east side of the car-works, and on this the
finished cars are mounted and run out sideways to
the track where they belong, landing them lengthwise
with the track, which saves the trouble of turning
them round. On the east of these large shops, which
stand east and west, at right angles to the direction
of the other shops, is a long, narrow building, three
or four hundred feet long, for housing and painting
the cars. There is also a boiler- and engine-house,
and two or three minor buildings south of the main
line of workshops, and south of these still is the
lumber-yard, through which runs a track from one
of the West stock-yard tracks. The whole estab-
lishment covers about a dozen acres of ground. The
shops are strongly framed, and, as already suggested,
are covered with sheet-iron. They employ now
about 560 hands, and turn out about $2,500,000
worth of cars a year. They do not make any but
freight-cars. The shops were begun upon the re-
mains of a last year's corn crop, and in two months
were ready for occupancy. The contractors were
Shover & Christian, the builders of the huge stables
and stock-sheds of the stock-yard.
Coffin- Works. — A company for the manufacture
of coffins and burial-cases carried on a considerable
business for some years at the old Cottontown site,
near the crossing of the canal and the Michigan
road. Its location is now on North Illinois Street.
Two years ago, in the spring of 1882, the platform
along the coffin warehouse, on the south bank of the
creek, a little east of the Union Depot, was the
gathering-place of hundreds of spectators of an un-
usual flood in the creek, when it gave way and
dropped them into the furious, turbulent current,
and seven were drowned, some of whose bodies were
not recovered for a week afterwards.
This establishment might be quoted in corrob-
oration of the old adage, " the third time is the
charm." This is the third attempt at car-making
here, and the first that has succeeded. In 1852 or
1853 the Bellefontaine Railroad built a freight depot
in what was then the far northeastern corner of the
town, now densely built up, and covering the area
west of Massachusetts Avenue to Fort Wayne
Avenue, north of North or St. Clair Street, and
finding it a poor investment, the company leased it
for a car-manufactory to Mr. Farnsworth, of Mad-
ison, and his son-in-law, Jehiel Bernard, late secre-
tary of the Board of Trade. They made no profit of
it, and soon gave it up. Some time after the war,
Mr. Frederick Ruschaupt and some associates formed
a company to make cars, in the present far north-
eastern corner of the city, east of the Peru Railroad,
and north of Seventh Street, nearly east of the Ex-
position building. This enterprise failed too, and
the very extensive buildings are now occupied by the
very successful and extensive Atlas Machine- Works.
Step- Ladders and wooden-ware have been made a
specialty by the Jflfdell Company, of North Indian-
apolis, and a very large business is done in these
articles. The manufactory was established in North
Indianapolis about the time the wagon-works on
South Tennessee Street were removed to that suburb.
Wooden butter-dishes are also made there.
IJJxi^uQ^
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
463
Carpenters and Builders. — There are over
100 carpenters and builders in the city, who may be
classed among manufacturers as the makers of houses.
Among those longest and best known for energy and
enterprise are Shover & Christian, Peter Routier,
John A. Buchanan, William Saltmarsh, Daniel
Berghmer, John Hyland, 0. B. Gilkey, John Mar-
tin, C. F. Rafert, Thomas J. Hart. It is worth
noting in this connection that a great and grateful
change has come upon the character of the houses,
the residences especially, since the close of the war.
There were earlier signs of it, but its presence has
not been fully recognized till within the last twenty
years, and mainly within the last ten. That is the
breaking up of the old rectangular plans into some
variety of outline, with occasional curves and pleasing
projections and recesses. A generation ago a resi-
dence was built upon a plan as invariable, except in
dimensions, as the laws of the Medes and Persians.
It might be set with the gable to the street, but it
savored of heresy, and had better not. It must be
right-angled at every corner, with no change of the
plain square front but a portico just as plain and
square, all painted a glaring white, from the fence
pickets to the cornice ; the window-blinds green ; the
bricks below the line of the door-sills red, unless the
house were brick, and then it was painted white from
chimney-top to cellar-window. An " L" was permis-
sible, and a recess turned into a porch was not for-
bidden ; but no other liberties with the orthodox rec-
tangle and barn plan were tolerated. Now we have
the fence of one color, the weather-boarding of an-
other, the window-frame of a third, the sash diflfer-
ent from all. Little porticoes in corners, broad, project-
ing eaves, with brackets, quaintly-moulded porch-posts,
ornamented cornices, mouldings, and door-frames,
have come to please the eye and lighten the sombre-
ness of life, no more costly than the old-time ugliness
facture of iron here was made about three years earlier
than the first attempt at pork-packing. It resulted
in much the same way. R. A. McPherson & Co.
put up a building at the west end of the National
road bridge for an iron foundry iu 1832, and kept
up a spasmodic business until 1835 and quit. In
that year Robert Underbill established a foundry on
North Pennsylvania Street, east side, just above Ver-
mont, where the Second Presbyterian Church now
stands, and here for twenty years he maintained the
first " paying" iron manufacture of the city. It was
a small business, and did only such casting aa was re-
quired by country customers, millers, and farmers.
The amount of it, of course, is purely conjectural,
but no reasonable conjecture can make it more than a
few thousands of dollars a year.
The " boom" in this, as in several other industries,
as already noticed, came with the completion of the
first railway, in 1847. At that time Watson & Voor-
hees established the Eagle Machine- Works, in which
they were succeeded, in 1850, by Hasselman & Vin-
ton. Two destructive fires in close succession in
1852-53 obstructed their progress, but in spite of
their losses they added the manufacture of threshing-
machines and agricultural implements to their busi-
iness in time to make a most creditable exhibition in
1853 at the first State Fair. In May, 1851, the
manufacturing enterprise of the awakened town was
developing some very encouraging results. The pa-
pers of May of that year say that there were then
two foundries in operation here, three machine-shops,
and a boiler-factory; fifty steam-engines had been
built, and, as just stated, the manufacture of thresh-
ers commenced at the Washington Foundry, as it was
then called.
Not long after this Mr. Underbill abandoned his
Pennsylvania Street foundry and established a ma-
chine-shop on the north bank of the creek, at the
d uniformity, and for more conducive to a Christian \ crossing of the same street, where he remained a few
years, till the hard times following the Free Bank
panic of 1855 caused his failure and the abandon-
ment of the house to other uses, mainly hominy-
grinding. It was burned in 1858. In March, 1854,
Wright, Barnes & Co. began the machine business
at the crossing of Pogue's Creek" and Dela-
spirit of cheerfulness and kindliness. One can hardly
conceive it possible that the dwellers in the dreary
old houses could have been adequately generous to
the .sufferers by the great Ohio floods of 1883 and
1884.
Iron Products. — The first attempt at the manu-
464
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
ware Street, which was burned and abandoned
in 1857. About the time Underbill began his
foundry and machine-shop on South Pennsylvania
Street, Carter & Dumont began boiler-making just
north, and Kelshaw & Sinker just south, on the north
bank of the creek. The latter were burnt out in
1853, but rebuilt in 1854, and then Dumont &
Sinker joined business, adding foundry-work to
boiler-making. Here Dr. R. J. Gatling planned and
made the first gun of the kind that bears his name
and has now become famous all over the world. The
first public trial of it was on the river-bank at the
old " Grave-yard Pond," now a little east of the
pile-work of the Vincennes Railroad, at the foot of
Kentucky Avenue. In 1863, Mr. Dumont left the
business, and Mr. Allen and Mr. Yandes entered it,
greatly enlarging it, and occupying with it the old
site of the Underbill shops. Litter the firm became
Sinker, Davis & Co., and thus it remains a company
instead of a firm.
Edward T. Sinker was born at Ranavon, Wales,
on the 22d of December, 1820. He was the only
son, and on embarking for America left his aged
parents and seven sisters in his native land. When
a boy but eleven years of age he entered a large shop
at Hawarden-on-the-Dee, Wales, and there learned
the trade of a machinist. He continued thus em-
ployed for several years, acquiring the skill and
practical knowledge that prepared him for the large
operations which he conducted in this country. Mr.
Sinker on learning his trade labored at different
points in Wales and England, always holding posi-
tions of trust. At Liverpool he superintended the
iron work in the construction of steamers. His skill
and integrity were such that the government desired
him to go to Portugal and take charge of the repairs
of government vessels in the ports of that country.
He labored two years on that wonder of engineering
skill and mechanics, the tubular iron bridge over the
Straits of Menai, and while on this work, finding the
necessity for a reduction in the force of laborers, with
characteristic generosity left his place for those who
had greater needs than himself. In 1849, with his
young wife and one child, he landed as a stranger in
New Orleans, and thence journeyed to Madison, Ind.
They reached Indianapolis in November of the same
year, the scene of his future labors, where from small
beginnings he rose to become at last the chief of one
of the largest manufacturing establishments in the
West. His history is a noble example of what
industry and integrity will acccomplish. Mr. Sinker
also filled a large place in all the public enterprises,
benevolent and religious institutions of the city of
his residence. Every movement for the relief of
the poor, the reformation of the vicious, the edu-
cation of the young, or the salvation of his_ fellow-
men found him a warm sympathizer and helper.
He was a marked example of industry, and a man
who loved to work. " Not slothful in business,
fervent in spirit, serving the Lord," was one of his
favorite maxims. He was a man whose earnest pur-
pose pushed him on and through his work despite
all obstacles. He possessed a resolution and courage
that led him to take hold of the heaviest end in a lift
and strike at the hardest part of the task. This
made him a leader among workingmen, and his
contagious spirit inspired others to follow after him.
Mr. Sinker was a generous man, — generous to a
fault. His generosity was only limited by his abil-
ity to give. It was more than meat and drink to
him to bestow blessings on the needy. No cause of
benevolence appealed to him in vain while he had the
means to help. He was a man of the purest integ-
rity, and no chance of gain could tempt him to dis-
honesty. As a business man he meant to do right,
and believed his religion should be carried into daily
life. Mr. Sinker was in his religious belief a devout
and sincere Presbyterian. For some years after his
arrival in Indianapolis he was connected with the
Fourth Presbyterian Church. In 1857 he united
with others in forming the Plymouth Congregational
Church, and remained until his death, which oc-
curred April 5, 1871, one of its honored and useful
members, where he held the responsible oiEces of
trustee, deacon, and much of the time superinten-
dent of the Sunday-school. Mr. Sinker was married,
June 22, 1844, to Miss Sarah Jones, daughter of
Robert and Sarah Jones, of Hawarden, Flintshire,
North Wales. Their children are Edwin, Alfred
T , who was married Sept. 2, 1807, to Miss Rebecca
EoT. S Q M O^E !R].:
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
465
Coates, of Mansfield, Ohio, and has three children ;
Sarah J., Frederick, Walter, Frederick (2d), and
Clara Belle. Of this number Clara Belle (Mrs.
Rudolph Rossum, of St. Paul, Minn.), and Alfred
T., of Boston, Mass., are the only survivors. The
widow of Mr. Sinker still occupies the homestead,
and sacredly cherishes the name of him who was a
faithful and devoted husband and father.
In 1851, Delos Root & Co. established the first
stove-foundry in the city in a small frame building
near the corner of South and Pennsylvania Streets.
Business improved here, so that when the frame
house was burned in 1860 the firm rebuilt more
extensively and with brick, enlarged their business,
and added heavy castings of all kinds and boiler-
work. Some six or eight years ago they moved to
the buildings left by the dissolved Glass- Works Com-
pany between Sharpe and Merrill Streets, on Ken-
tucky Avenue, and here they continued as energetic-
ally as ever till the spring of 1883, when a destructive
fire swept over a considerable section of that part of
the city, and destroyed all the buildings and a good
deal of the work of the company. The loss was about
820,000. The rubbish was cleared away at once,
however, and work begun on the restoration of the
establishment, which was soon as busily employed as
ever. The concern is now the Indianapolis Stove
Company, and Mr. Root is president.
Dkloss Root. — The name of Root was originally
spelled Rutetee, and first known in England in the
eleventh century. Two brothers emigrated to Amer-
ica at an early day and settled at or near Stock-
bridge, Ma.ss. From one of these brothers was de-
scended Moses Root, who resided in Stockbridge and
was married to a Miss Taller. Their children were
Daniel (a soldier of the war of 1812, who was taken
prisoner with Gen. Scott, and led the command
which proved fatal to Gen. Brock), Silas, Elias,
Aaron, James, Aseneth, and Sally.
Aaron, the father of Deloss, was born in 1781, at
Stockbridge, Mass., and removed with his family to
the West in 1837, locating at Hartford, Trumbull
Co., Ohio, from whence he, in 1852, came to Indian-
apolis and resided until his death, Aug. 30, 1854.
Mr. Root followed farming occupations during his
lifetime. He married Miss Harriet Kingman, who
was born in the village of Vergennes, Vt., in 1794.
The birth of their son Deloss occurred on the 3d of
February, 1819, in the town of Cincinnatus, Cortland
Co., N. Y. He was educated at the town of Linck-
laen, Chenango Co., N. Y., after which his early life
was spent upon the farm. In 1844 he was in the
iron trade at New Lisbon, Ohio, and in 1850 became
a resident of Indianapolis. Hero he engaged in the
manufacture of stoves, being the first man in the
State to embark in that industry, in which his busi-
ness grew to large proportions. He was connected
with the first rolling-mill in the city of Indianapolis,
and also a large stockholder in the first mill for the
manufacture of merchant iron, which he assisted in
organizing. He was also interested in the " Archi-
tectural Works." In 1867 he was one of the mov-
ing spirits in the erection of a blast-furnace in Brazil
City, Clay Co., Ind., the first in the State, and the
largest in the West, and in 1870, assisted by one
other gentleman, he built a similar furnace in Hardin
County, 111. In 1854 he was appointed by the State
a director of the Bank of the State of Indiana, and
continued as such until it became a national bank,
after which he assisted in organizing the First Na-
tional Bank of the city, in which he was a large
stockholder and a director for ten years. He was
also for years largely interested in the street railways
of the city. The enterprise, however, in which Mr.
Root especially advanced the interests of Indianapolis
was that of the establishment of the present system
of water-works. All previous efforts in that direc-
tion having failed, a gentleman largely interested in
the matter conferred with him, and with his aid and
that of other influential citizens carried the enterprise
to a successful completion. Three thousand tons of
pipe were purchased and the bonds of the company
given at par in payment. This sale of bonds gave
the movement an impetus and secured to Indianapolis
the best system of water-works in the United States.
Mr. Root himself laid eighteen miles of the pipe,
and did much by his energy and business tact to fur-
ther the work. He was a director in the old Indian-
apolis Insurance Company (now the Franklin Fire
Insurance Company), assisted in organizing and was
466
HISTOEY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
a director in a bridge-building company, and one of
the first stockholders in the Cincinnati Railroad.
He was also connected with the Evansville and Indi-
ana Railroad, which was never completed, and inter-
ested in the North and South Railroad, in the In-
dianapolis, Delphi and Chicago Railroad, and in the
Hamilton and Dayton Railroad. He was also an
extensive dealer in real estate, laying out Allen &
Root's Addition, and Allen, Root & English's Wood-
lawn Addition, together with several smaller ones.
He also found time to engage in building, and has
erected no less than one hundred buildings within
the city limits. Mr. Root is at present connected,
as president, with the Indianapolis Stove Company,
which was organized in 1850 and incorporated in
1857. This foundry is one of the most complete in
the West. It has two moulding-rooms, and is sup-
plied with all the latest improved machinery and
other appliances to facilitate the business and econo-
mize labor. The great amount of work done and the
general prosperity of the business give evidence of
the solidity, tact, and indomitable energy which
characterize its management. Mr. Root is a member
of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Cathedral, of
which he has for many years been a vestryman.
He was married, Aug. 15, 1861, to Miss Kate H.
Howard, daughter of the late Maj. Robert Howard,
of the British army, whose military career was an
eventful and honorable one. Their children are
Robert Howard, born Sept. 12, 1862 ; Edward
Deloss, whose birth occurred Jan. 7, 1866 ; Devol-
son, born Aug. 5, 1867 ; Allen, born Aug. 15, 1871 ;
and Harry B., born March 31, 1873. The last
named is the only survivor of this number.
In 1858 the Redstone Brothers began the foundry
and machine business on Delaware Street, between
Louisiana and South, and soon after Spotts & Thomp-
son began a foundry beside them, but both were
burned in 1860 and abandoned. Cox, Lord & Peck
established a stove-foundry at the crossing of Dela-
ware Street and the creek in 1861, and kept it in
operation for a few years, when they gave it up, and
soon afterwards A. D. Wood & Co. took it and
carried it on a few years. The Indiana Foundry
Company at Brightwood, organized about three years
ago, also makes stoves. The Cash Stove Company,
of South Pennsylvania Street, are the only other
stove manufacturers in the city. The Ruschaupt
foundry and machine-shop, on South Meridian Street,
was absorbed into the Eagle Machine- Works.
In 1859, Chandler & Wiggins established the
Phcenix Foundry and Machine-shop in a small way, at
the crossing of Washington Street and the mill-race,
on the east side. It was burned in a few years, and
rebuilt and enlarged by Chandler & Taylor, who have
since gone on with a steadily increasing business, and
now have one of the most extensive establishments
in the city. The Novelty Works were begun in
1862 by Friuk & Moore, and changed to the Novelty
Works Company in 1868, with Dr. Prink as presi-
dent, and H. A. Moore, superintendent, and manu-
factured a number of small articles, as hinges, latches,
gas- and water-boxes, bed-irons, and the like. Some
years ago the company built a large shop at Haughs-
ville, but never did much there, and never recovered
from the change.
In 1866, Mr. B. F. Hetherington began foundry-
and machine-work in a modest way on South Dela-
ware Street, and continued there till eight or ten
years ago. Then he and Mr. Berner moved to a
frame shop on the south side of South Street, at the
alley along the east bank of Pogue's Creek. Hard
and honest work gradually enlarged the business,
and additions were made down the creek at the end
of the old shop and westward into the creek. A
serious loss by fire occurred shortly after this exten-
sion, but was at once repaired, and work went on more
energetically than ever. Again came a destructive
fire, but the damage was immediately repaired. Then
an extension was made clear across the creek about
two years ago, and a large brick addition made on the
west bank, so that now this really large establish-
ment covers the whole width of the creek to the
alleys on each side, and extends almost 200 feet
down.
Benjamin Hetherington. — John Hethering-
ton was the son of a member of the English Parlia-
ment, and resided in Carlisle, Cumberland Co., Eng-
land, where he was engaged as a warper in a cotton-
factory. He married, in Carlisle, Miss Ann Wilson,
y
1 S3
3 5
S5 a
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
467
born in London, and had twelve children, the
youngest of whom was Benjamin F., the subject of
this biography, whose birth occurred Oct. 30, 1828,
in Carlisle. • His early boyhood was spent at school.
At the age of twelve his father died, and a year later
the mother, with her family, emigrated to America,
his brother Christopher having already preceded
them to the United States. Soon after their arrival
they proceeded to Webster, Mass., where Benjamin
obtained employment in a cotton-foctory, but pre-
ferring to encourage his mechanical genius, he at the
age of nineteen became apprentice to the trade of a
machinist, and continued thus engaged for two years.
He then became a resident of Cincinnati, and an
employe of the firm of Reynolds, Kite & Tatum.
At the expiration of two years — a strike having
occurred in which he did not wish to participate —
he removed (in 1852) to Indianapolis. Here he was
first employed in the foundry of R. R. Underbill,
and later became foreman in the shop of A. Gr. Searl,
with whom he afterwards formed a copartnership.
The panic of 1857 having caused a general stag-
nation of business, aff'ected values, and reduced the
wages for skilled labor, Mr. Hetherington engaged for
one year in the foundry of Mr. Delos Root at a
nominal sum, and was later employed by the Wash-
ington foundry, owned by Hassellman & Vinton.
The ten consecutive years following were spent in
the employ of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Louis-
ville Railroad, after which he erected a small machine-
shop and began a career of independence. His ven-
ture was successful ; business increased and encouraged
him to purchase a lot and erect a foundry in com-
pany with Frederick Berner and Joseph Kindel.
This business association was continued for six years,
when he disposed of his interest, and entering the
firm of Sinker, Davis & Co., remained in this con-
nection for three years. He then, with his former
partner, Mr. Berner, built another foundry, and still
continues his business interest with him. The de-
mand for the work from their shops has greatly
increased and rendered an increase in the dimensions
and capacity of the foundry necessary. The princi-
pals in the business have also associated with them
their sons in special departments of the business.
Mr. Hetherington, in view of his success, may refer
with pardonable pride to his industry, ambition, and
integrity as the powerful levers that have brought
him to a position of independence. In politics he is
a Republican and actively interested in the politics
of the ward in which he resides. He has been for
years inspector of election for this ward. He is a
member of the Indianapolis Board of Trade and of
Marion Lodge, No. 601, Knights of Honor. He
was reared in the faith of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and still inclines to that belief.
Mr. Hetherington was married in Webster, Mass.,
on the 21st of April, 1821, to Miss Jane Stephen,
daughter of William Stephen, a printer, of Penrith,
England, and his wife Diana. Their children were
William, Frank, Mary W., Charles A., Benjamin,
and Frederick A., all of whom, with the exception
of Frederick A., are deceased.
Mothershead & Co., in 1864, established a hollow-
ware and stove-foundry, and after conducting it some
years with fair success, changed it to the Indianapolis
Foundry Company, and now do a very large business
in light malleable castings, making most of those for
the great Beatty organ-factory, as well as for several
other special demands. The Greenleaf foundry was
begun in 1865, on South Tennessee Street, near the
rolling-mill, increased largely, and in 1870 became
the Greenleaf Machine- Works, making engines,
shafting, railroad turn-tables, and other heavy work.
Some ten or twelve years ago it suspended, and the
building, after a short occupancy by another machine-
factory, passed into the hands of Henry Hermann, of
New York, who now carries on a large furniture-fac-
tory there. The Dean Brothers built their first house
on Madison Avenue, at the crossing of Bay Street, in
1870, and began business the first of the year 1871,
doing a sort of general foundry and machine work,
but within the last half-dozen years they have made
a specialty of pumps, and particularly of one of their
own invention. Two or three years ago the estab-
lishment was enlarged by a handsome building on the
avenue. The Victor Machine-Works have been es-
tablished within the last four or five years by Ewald
Over.
The Atlas Works.— This is the largest estab-
468
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
lishment of the kind in the city or the State. The
buildings it occupies in the extreme northeast corner
of the city were originally intended for the manu-
facture of cars, and were for a time used for that
purpose, but proving unremunerative, the business
was abandoned and the buildings left unoccupied till
the organization of the Atlas Machine Company, the
president and chief stockholder of which is Stoughton
A. Fletcher, nephew and long associated in the bank
with the late Stoughton A. Fletcher. It has been in
operation about ten years, for a time having an office
and wareroom on South Pennsylvania Street, oppo-
site the gas-works, but for the last five or six years
keeping all its business at the main establishment.
The Corliss engine is a specialty of this company,
though it makes anything in its line, and the excel-
lence of the work and the thorough satisfaction it
gives have created a demand for it all over the West,
and also in foreign countries. It is the most complete
" express and admirable" piece of machinery that is
now made of iron, and the Atlas gets little time to
make anything else. The company employs about
500 hands, and turns out about §1,000,000 of work
annually. The works have a railway connection.
Stoughton A. Fletcher, Jr., the fifth son of
the late Calvin Fletcher, was born on the 25th day of
October, 1831. His father was well known as an
early pioneer in Indianapolis ; as the first lawyer who
came to this city ; as a man who took a deep interest
in the material, intellectual, and moral Welfare of
society in Central Indiana, and, for that matter, in
the whole State. He believed in land, believed in
labor, believed in schools, and believed that industry,
guided by true Christian principles, made the noblest
community on earth. Calvin Fletcher had eleven
children, nine of them boys, and all of whom lived
to adult years. Every child learned something useful,
and learned to depend upon himself or herself One
son he placed with a carpenter ; another with a mer-
chant ; a third drove a team for an English company
over the plains into Mexico, and rose to be secretary
of the company ; six were early put upon farms and
learned to plow and do all other kinds of husbandry ;
and one in his teens was at the head of his father's
farm. All of them had the best education the schools
of Indiana ofi'ered, while six of them either had a
complete or partial collegiate education at the East.
Thus, while the sons of Calvin Fletcher had the ad-
vantage of intellectual training, they had the higher
advantage of having learned from their father the
dignity of labor and the nobility of a Christian life.
The subject of this sketch went through the same
ordeal with his brothers, but united perhaps more
than any other the qualities of his father and mother.
He was early trained on the farm, and showed great
aptitude in whatever pertained to agriculture or agri-
cultural machinery. In 1850 he learned practical
telegraphy, and many a message was sent by him that
year in the old office on Washington Street. On
attaining his majority he passed some time in a par-
tial course at Brown University, Providence, R. I.
In 1853 he became conductor on the Bellefontaine
Railroad. In June, 1853, he ran the first train that
started out of the Union Depot, and after two years
as conductor he rose to be superintendent of the same
road. He not only understood cars, but locomotives
and railroad machinery. He could drive a locomo-
tive like an old hand, and on the occasion that his
brothers and sisters met (the first and only time
together in Indianapolis), ran the engine out of the
Union Depot with all the family on the tender, and
carried them to his father's farm.
After some years in railroad enterprises he became,
in 1858, the clerk and teller in S. A. Fletcher's bank,
and applied the same practical energy to this as to
the farm and railroad. He afterwards became partner
in the same bank with F. M. Churchman. Here he
remained until 1868, when his business duties led
him into the gas company, of which he was president
for more than ten years. As he studied farming,
railroading, and banking, so he studied gas-making.
In 1878 he, through various circumstances, became
the head of the Atlas Engine-Works, where portable
and Atlas- Corliss engines are turned out by nearly
six hundred hands. As in other pursuits, " the eye
of the master" is perceptible here, and a new energy
was infused into the whole establishment when Stough-
ton A. Fletcher, Jr., took hold of the Atlas Engine-
Works. Its business extends over the whole Union
and to distant foreign lands, and it is said to be the
5r ^
@ @ m
«f3 rg J
S <!0 (g
1^ © =3
^ =3 §
© ^ 1
MANUFACTUEING INTERESTS OP THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
469
larfrest and best equipped concern of its kind west of
the Alleghanies. He has his father's practical ideas
with regard to the education of his sons. His eldest
son, Charles, after studying at the East, took a regu-
lar course in the Atlas Engine- Works, beginning at
the lowest point and " graduating with honors." He
is now secretary of the company, and traveling in
South America in its interest. His second son is at
Harvard University. He has also other business
relations, — as partner in the large banking-house of
Fletcher & Sharpe, and as director in the Indianapolis
National Bank.
He is a quiet man, and not a speech-maker; but
no man more steadily attends to business or cares
more for his fellow-man than he. He is public-
spirited. He, with James M. Ray, Calvin Fletcher,
James Blake, and others, was among the first who
initiated the idea of a new cemetery, which resulted
in Crown Hill, and was made president of the
Crown Hill Cemetery Association in 1874, which
office he still holds.
Mr. Fletcher has traveled much in our own country
— north, south, east, and west, — from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, from the Lakes to the Gulf. In 1874-75
he made the tour of Europe, Egypt, and the Holy
Land. In 1856 he married Miss Elizabeth Barrows,
of Augusta, Me. The children of this marriage are
two sons and two daughters.
The Nordtke and Marmon Works. — These
were originally the Quaker City Machine- Works, es-
tablished here in 1873 by A. N. Hadley & Co., of
Richmond (the Quaker oity), from which they took
their name. They have a frontage to the west along
the east side of the Vinoennes Railway of about 600
feet, mostly one story in height, abundantly lighted
from both sides and- roofed witl) slate, with an L ex-
tending eastward to Kentucky Avenue, and with a
whole settlement of shops in the rear along the avenue
extending from near Morris Street to the lumber-yard
along the Belt road, with which, as well as with the
Vinoennes road, the works have a connection by side
tracks. The Belt road was not built when the works
were, as they were occupied in 1873-74, and given
up by Mr. Hadley in 1876, the year before the com-
pletion of the Belt. The Nordyke and Marmon
Company took it then, and have since created a very
extensive business, making a specialty of grist-mill
machinery and stones. A large portion of the rear
buildings are occupied by the millstone-works, and
a monthly publication called the Millstone is pub-
lished here, the work being done in the building.
The company employs about 300 hands now, and
turns about from $600,000 to 8700,000 worth of
work annually.
Atkins' Saw-Works.— Mr. Atkins began his
business single-handed in the old Hill Planing-Mill
on East Street in 1856. In a year or so he removed
to Pennsylvania Street, in the old City Foundry,
where he had the misfortune to be burned out once or
twice. He removed to his present location on South
Illinois Street, next to the Woodburn Sarven Wheel-
Works, in 1860-61, and has gradually enlarged his
business and premises till he now employs about 140
hands, with a pay-roll of $75,000 a year, and pro-
duces an annual value of work of about $300,000.
Elias C. Atkins. — The earliest representative
of the Atkins family in America emigrated from
England in the sixteenth century, and settled in
New England. From his son Benoni was de-
scended RoUin Atkins, father of the subject of this
biographical sketch, whose birth occurred in Bristol,
Conn. He was united in marriage to Miss Harriet
Bishop, of the same city, and had children, — George
R., Ellen (Mrs. Volney Barber), Harriet (Mrs.
Lyman Smith), Mary Ann (deceased), Marietta (Mrs.
Henry Stevens), and Elias C. The last named, the
youngest of the number, was born June 28, 1833,
in Bristol, Conn. His early education was confined
to a period of three years at the grammar-school,
after which, at the age of twelve, he was apprenticed
to the trade of saw manufacturing, and continued
thus employed until his seventeenth year. His
thorough knowledge of the business and mechanical
genius immediately caused his promotion to the po-
sition of superintendent of the establishment. His
evenings were devoted to study and reading, the lack
of earlier opportunities having inspired a desire to
improve such advantages as later and more favorable
circumstances ofiered. He was, at the age of
twenty-two, married to Miss Sarah J. Wells, of
470
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Newington, Coon., whose family were of English
extraction. One daughter, Hattie J., was born to
this marriage. Mrs. Atkins' death occurred April
11, 1863, and Mr. Atkins was a second time mar-
ried, to Miss Mary Dolbeare, of Colchester, Conn.,
who died March 11, 18G5. Their only child was
Willie D., whose death occurred Aug. 30, 1865.
Mr. Atkins, desiring a wider field of usefulness
than was opened in New England, removed in 1855
to Cleveland, Ohio, and established the first saw-
manufactory in that city. One year's experience
convinced him that the saw industry could be de-
veloped under more favorable conditions in Indian-
apolis, and, disposing of his interest, he removed to
the latter city in 1856, and developed the first and
largest manufactory of saws in the State. Beginning
with limited capital and the employment of but a
single hand, the enterprise has increased to such
proportions as to utilize the labor of one hundred
and twenty men and furnish its products to a large
area of territory in the Northwest and other points.
Much of the machinery used in the various depart-
ments of the mill is the invention of Mr. Atkins,
and protected by patents. He has also engaged ex-
tensively in mining operations, having organized the
Hecla Consolidated Mining Company of Indianapolis,
with mines siluated in Montana, of which he was for
seven years general agent and for two years superin-
tendent, with his residence at the mines. During
this time all purchases and sales of products was
made by him, and the profitable development of the
property the result of his personal attention and
financial ability. He also purchased seven addi-
tional mines, which are at present the most produc-
tive interests of the company. Other mining enter-
prises in which he is interested have proved equally
successful.
Mr. Atkins is in politics a Republican, but without
ambition for ofiice, his time being exclusively devoted
to his various business pursuits. Both he and his
wife are members of the First Baptist Church of
Indianapolis. Mr. Atkins was a third time married,
to Miss Sarah Frances Parker, daughter of Rev.
Addison Parker, of Newton Centre, Mass. The
children born to this marriage are Mary Dolbeare,
Henry Cornelius, Sarah Frances, Emma Louisa,
and Carra Isabel. These children, with Miss Hattie
J., constitute the present family of Mr. and Mrs.
Atkins.
In 1867, Farley & Sinker, son of E. T. Sinker,
began making saws on the corner of Pennsylvania
and Georgia Streets, and carried it on successfully
till Mr. Sinker went back to the machine-works on
the death of his father. Mr. Parley then, or soon
after, opened up the same business on the east side
of South Meridian Street, just below the Eagle
Machine- Works. Henry Westphal & Co. are in the
same business on the same street, farther south, and
Barry & Co. occupy the old establishment on Penn-
sylvania and Georgia Streets.
Files were made for a number of years by Stein -
bauer & Drotz on Pennsylvania Street, near the
Union Railway tracks, but recently the proprietors
seem to have gone into the coal business and aban-
doned file-making.
The Malleable Iron- Works at Haughsville oc-
cupies the building originally erected by the Novelty
Company, and has added to it till the capacity has
been enlarged tenfold, and one of the most extensive
establishments of the kind in the country has been
completed. The death of the manager in the summer
of 1882, while the buildings were in progress, caused
a good deal of delay, but seems to have proved a less
serious obstruction than was feared. No report of
the amount or condition of business, however, has
appeared, and nothing can be said definitely about
an establishment which promised at one time to be
one of the most important of the industries of the
city and the State.
Architectural Iron-Works. — This establish-
ment is well known all over the country for its
superior iron house-work, especially for large and
costly public buildings. It began in the manufac-
ture of iron railings by Williamson & Haugh on Dela-
ware Street, opposite the old court-house, in 1856.
Some years later, Mr. Haugh's brother, Benjamin
F., took the business and removed to South Pennsyl-
vania Street, where his rails and iron columns,
and other house-work, very greatly enlarged his
business, and finding his quarters inadequate and
^^i/.
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
471
not oversaf'e, the establishment was removed to the
high level plateau west of the river and north of the
National road, a half-mile east of the Insane Asylum.
Here a series of large connected buildings, with a
railway track into the main line of the Indianapolis,
Bloomington and Western road was erected, and the
company has gone on in a larger business than ever.
Some three years ago Mr. John L. Ketcham entered
the concern, and the name is now Haugh, Ketcham
& Co. The establishment has done work for public
buildings, State and national, court-houses and custom-
houses, from Boston to Iowa City, and to States
farther west. It employs over 100 hands all the
time, and turns out about $200,000 of vpork a year.
Hadley, Wright & Co. — After leaving the
Quaker City Machine- Works in 1876, Mr. Hadley,
the founder, opened a machine repair-shop in the old
Byrkit Planing-mill, on the northwest eorner of
Georgia and Tennessee Streets, in 1878. His busi-
ness increased here to such an extent that, in 1881,
he had to find new quarters, and he bought the whole
of the quarter of a square on the southeast corner
of Georgia and Tennessee Streets, except the resi-
dence on the corner and some feet fronting Georgia
Street. Here he erected an unusually solid three-
story brick building, 102 feet on Tennessee Street,
with a depth of 170 feet, and a front on Georgia
Street which gives a length in that direction of 200.
Besides, all the open ground in the rear of the build-
ings is full of machinery, boilers, and other apparatus,
while the north end of the opposite square is also
filled with boilers. The business of the firm is to
purchase second-hand engines and boilers, and put
them in good condition, and sell or trade them to any
who want that sort of work. They employ thirty
hands, and do a business of $150,000 a year.
The Rolling-Mill was an enterprise like the old
steam-mill, a little too early for the time and the de-
velopment of the city, but it grew to fit its situation
finally, and has become the leading metallic industry
of the State. The projector was Mr. R. A. Douglass,
who, with a Mr. Schofield, came here in 1857, and
formed a company to carry on the enterprise. A
railway track was made down Tenne.ssee Street that
same summer, and work begun on the building on the
29th of October. Two old citizens went into the
scheme heartily, and sunk the gains of their lives
largely in it,— James Blake and James Van Blaricum.
The latter owned the ground, — then Van Blaricum's
pasture,— one of the original outlets of the donation
on which the establishment was to be located. Mr.
Douglass does not seem to have been a very prudent
manager, and by the following spring, before the mill
was ready for work, the embarrassments he had in-
curred checked the enterprise, and he abandoned it.
A new company, or the old one reorganized, bought
the unfinished afi"air, and put it in working order, and
soon made it pay, under the skillful management of
Mr. John Thomas, the superintendent, whose inven-
tion of the " pile," or bundle of old rails cut up, to
be re-rolled and ingeniously compacted and held
together, was one of the sources of the company's
success. War times made prosperity for this busi-
ness, as it did for all railroad work, and the company's
stock was soon above par. Success led Mr. John M.
Lord, the president, to make some hazardous experi-
ments, especially with the Dank puddling apparatus,
and the final result was some trouble and embarrass-
ments, and Mr. Lord went out, and Mr. Aquilla
Jones, State treasurer in 1857-59, came in. The
mill has since done well all the time, rarely having to
suspend for more than a few days for repairs, or
sometimes on account of delayed material.
John Thomas. — -Thomas Thomas, the father of
the subject of this biographical sketch, married
Keturah Hughes, both natives of Pembrokeshire,
South Wales. Their children were William, Eliza-
beth (Mrs. Tenbrook), Ellen (Mrs. Cotrell), Richard,
Thomas H, Hannah, Nancy (Mrs. Chase), and
John, all of whom, with the exception of the latter,
are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas emigrated to
America during the present century and settled in
Bound Brook, N. J., where the former engaged in
building. Later he removed to Utica, where he was
an early settler, and continued actively employed
until a few years before his death. He served in
the war of 1812, and, while acting as lieutenant of
his company, was severely wounded at the battle of
Sacket's Harbor. His son John was born July 5,
1816, in Utica, N. Y., and at an early age left
472
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
fatherless. In his eighth year he became a member
of the family of a farmer in Trenton, Oneida Co.,
N. Y., and later found a home in Herkimer County.
From thence he removed for one year to Johnstown,
N. Y., after which seven years were spent with a
brother-in-law in Delaware County, N. Y. He then
determined upon acquiring an independent trade,
and, having entered a machine-shop in New York
City, served an apprenticeship as a general machinist.
During his residence of twelve years in New York
and the immediate vicinity, a portion of the time was
spent in the pursuit of his trade and the remainder
in active business as a dealer in produce. His vo-
cation of machinist, however, having proved more
attractive and profitable, he became an employ^ of
Peter Cooper's rolling-mills in New York and Tren-
ton, N. J. Mr. Thomas, on leaving the latter place,
purchased a farm in Delaware County, N. Y., upon
which his family were placed, and engaged for other
parties in the construction and management of mills
in Utica, N. Y., and Wyandotte, Mich. He was
induced in July, 1857, to remove to Indianapolis
with a view to erecting and operating the property
of the Indianapolis RoUing-Mill Company. His con-
nection with this mill has ^een continued, first as a
salaried oflBcer, later as a stockholder and director,
and as the present treasurer and largest shareholder.
After a brief connection with the manufacturing in-
terests of the city, Mr. Thomas realized the impor-
tance of a cheaper and better quality of coal than
was in general use, and securing the services of Dr.
Brown, the State geologist, made a prospecting tour
through the coal-fields of the State. In Brazil, Clay
County, a shaft had been sunk and a small quantity
of the now popular block-coal was being mined.
This Mr. Thomas converted to practical use in his
mill, and was instrumental in securing its general
use for manufacturing purposes. It is now in great
demand in various parts of the State. The subject
of this sketch has been since largely identified with
the business interests of the city. He has aided in
the establishment of three machine-shops and foun-
dries, is president and treasurer of the Indianapolis
Cotton Manufacturing Company, president of the
Hecla Consolidated Gold and Silver Mining Com-
pany of Montana, which has proved a profitable en-
terprise, and interested, as projector or otherwise, in
various minor business schemes. He is also a di-
rector of the Citizens' National Bank of Indianapolis.
In his political associations he is a prominent Re-
publican, and, although not ambitious for office, has
served two years in the City Council. Mr. Thomas
was in 1840 married to Miss Ann Barber, a native
of Manchester, England, who, having lost both
parents, came to America with a relative when
eight years of age. Their children are Richard Z.
(of Montana), William H. (of Indianapolis), Learned
J. (deceased), Martha A. (deceased), Charles J. (de-
ceased), Edward L. (of Arkansas), and Julia A.
The death of Mrs. Thomas occurred March 5, 1879.
One of the stockholders of the second company,
who was always active and interested in its work, and
who contributed largely to its success in obtaining its
own coal mines, was William 0. Rockwood, one of
the leading citizens and among those most respected.
William O. Rockwood. — The ancestry of Mr.
Rockwood in both lines of descent was English.
' His father, the Rev. Dr. Elisha Rockwood, a grad-
uate of Dartmouth College in 1802, was for twenty-
i seven years minister of the Westboro' parish. His
j mother, Susannah Brigham Parkman, was the daugh-
'< ter of Breck Parkman, Esq., and granddaughter of
Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, the first minister of West-
boro', and a clergyman of wide influence. The child-
hood of Mr. Rockwood was passed in his native
town. He later studied at Leicester and Amherst
Academies, and finally entered Yale College to com-
plete a classical course. Having a passion for the
sea, after two years at Yale an opportunity was ob-
tained for him as a common sailor on a cotton vessel
bound for Savannah, and from thence to Liverpool.
This voyage satisfied him, and returning home he
engaged in teaching. In August following the death
of his mother, which occurred June 4, 1836, he
1 came to Warsaw, 111., and later resided at Quincy
and St. Louis. In the latter city he was largely
I engaged in the business of wholesale groceries, with
a partner who desired to enlarge their mercantile
ventures by embarking in the liquor traffic and slave
trade. This being repugnant to Mr. Lockwood, the
l//^6
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
473
partnership was dissolved, aad Madison, Ind., became
his home, where he was for seven years connected
with the firm of Polleys & Butler, after which he
removed to Shelbjville.
There he engaged in milling enterprises and as 1
superintendent of the new Shelbyville Lateral Branch
Railroad. Ultimately came to Indianapolis, where
he continued to reside until his death on the 13th of
November, 1879. The enterprise in which he was
first engaged at Indianapolis, the manufacture of
railroad cars, was too extensive for the place and
time, and met with but partial success. Soon, how-
ever, he received the appointment of treasurer of the
Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad, and found at last
a pursuit congenial to his talents and tastes. For
seven years he discharged the onerous and diflicult
duties of the railway treasurership, resigning the
place in 1868 that he might bestow needed attention
upon his own accumulated affairs. He was promi-
nent in the inception of various iron industries, par-
ticularly the Indianapolis Rolling-Mill and the Roane
Iron Company at Rockwood and Chattanooga, Tenn.
Of the former he became treasurer in 1872, having
previously been an influential director. The growth
of the latter organization, originating largely in his
sagacity and perseverance, was to the last a source of
pleasure and an occasion of reasonable pride. Mr.
Rockwood possessed unusual capacity for the dispatch
of business. Beside his duties at the rolling-mill, quite
sufiBcient to occupy the attention of one man, he was
a director of the Roane Iron Company, Tennessee,
of the First National Bank and Bank of Commerce,
of ludianapolis, of the Franklin Fire Insurance Com-
pany and the Bedford Railroad Company, president
of the Industrial Life Association, and treasurer of
the Indianapolis Telephone Company and the Hecla
Miuing Company. He was also associated with
several other complicated business concerns in differ-
ent States, each of which required a considerable
correspondence. In the direction of his latest and
largest employments his facility was greatly enhanced
by his mechanical insight. Few men without formal
training in such matters looked farther or more
quickly than he into cranks and wheels. He also
had a useful faculty of resting. This came partly
31
from the composure of his nerves, and partly from
his enjoyment of humor. He rarely failed to be
diverted by a gleam of wit, — a backgammon-board
untangled thought. He enjoyed good talkers, and
his frequent journeys were occasions of amusement
and rest.
Doubtless the quality and quantity of his work
was affected by a certain calmness of judgment, a
judicial temper of mind. He was not easily jostled
by excitements around him. While feeling the deep-
est interest in questions of public policy, he evinced
both calmness and judgment in the regular exercise
of his franchise. More important is it, however,
to observe Mr. Rockwood's moral traits. He was
marked by a conspicuous integrity. Nothing was so
sure to stir the last drop of blood in him as the
raising of a question regarding his probity. His
capacity for friendship was also remarkable. In the
midst of the most urgent engagements he was capable
of writing every day to a man he loved, and for
months and years each day looking for the reply.
For humanity in general he had a kindly side, trust-
ing men too readily for safety out of mere good
nature or genuine pity. It was seldom that in ordi-
nary conversation he could be betrayed into saying a
word in disparagement of any one. Mr. Rockwood
was republican in the simplicity of all his tastes ; and
class distinctions be thoroughly disliked. An intelli-
gent and firm believer in Christianity, he was at the
time of his death a member of Memorial Presbyterian
Church of Indianapolis. Beside his widow, who was
Miss Helen Mar Moore, of Auburn, N. Y., three
children survive him, — Helen Mar (wife of Rev.
Hanford A. Edson, D.D.), William E., and Charles B.
In 1881 the Rolling-Mill Company concluded that
a steel-rail mill here could be made to pay, and they
erected one of the largest and finest mills in the
United States for that work. It has a front to the
south of over 200 feet, and over 300 to the west,
with an arrangement to extend it 200 feet more
to the east if necessary. The main divisions are
120 feet wide, and each over 200 long. All the
apparatus for heating, rolling, sawing, cooling, and
straightening is of the latest improved style, and a
larfe part of it is the invention of Mr. Lentz, the
474
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
superintendent of machinery. The roll trams are
"three high," the "hookers and catchers" are re-
placed by adjustable tables moved by a lever in one
man's hands ; the off-bearing to the saws and the
action of the saws is automatic nearly, only requiring
one hand at the lever, and the moving off on the
" hot bed" is automatic. Machinery is made to do
the work of 40 or 50 men. Machinery also hauls
the blooms from the furnace when ready for the rolls.
The boilers and furnaces are so constructed as to save
30 per cent, of the fuel required by ordinary furnaces.
The whole establishment is complete, and has been
pronounced by experienced mill men who have ex-
amined it unequaled anywhere. North of it are the
machine-shops and foundry connected with it. The
capacity of the mill when running full-handed, with
about 350 hands, is said to be equal to the production
of S3,000,000 worth of rails a year or more. The
machinery, boilers, and furnaces have all been thor-
oughly tested by the actual performance of all the
work required of them, and found to operate more
smoothly and readily than was expected. The two
mills stand within about two hundred feet of each
other in the 13 acres of ground south of Pogue's
Creek and west of Tenne.ssee, which the company
has long owned.
Hon. Aquilla Jones, the son of Benjamin and
Mary Jones, jvho were of Welsh extraction, was born
in Stokes (now Forsyth) County, N. C, on the 8th
of July, 1811. His father, being a farmer in limited
circumstances, could afford his son but few advantages
of education, and early required his assistance in the
cultivation of the farm. In 1831 the family emi-
grated to Columbus, Bartholomew Co., Ind., to which
point Elisha P. Jones, brother of the subject of this
biographical sketch, had preceded them and engaged
in mercantile pursuits. He also held the commission
of postmaster of the place. Aquilla entered the store
as clerk, and remained until August, 1836, when he
removed to Missouri. The following year found him
again a resident of Columbus, and engaged in the busi-
ness of hotel-keeping. This venture was, however,
of short duration, and his brother, Elisha P., having
died, he succeeded him by purchase of the stock, and
was by common consent made postmaster of the village.
He continued the business of a country merchant until
1856, first with his brother, Charles Jones, and later
with B. F. Jones, another brother, and during much
of this period held the office of postmaster. He was,
in 1849, made president of the Columbus Bridge
Company, which erected a bridge across the east
branch of the White River at Columbus, and super-
intended its construction. He owned a controlling
interest in the stock, which was later sold (jn his
removal to Indianapolis. He was appointed by Presi-
dent Martin Van Buren to take the census, and again
to the same office by President Millard Fillmore in
1850; was tendered the position of clerk of the court
of Bartholomew County, and elected to the State
Legislature for the sessions of 1842-43. Mr. Jones
was honored with the appointment of Indian agent
for Washington Territory by President Franklin
Pierce, but declined, after which he was offered the
same position in connection with New Mexico, and
was constrained to decline this also. He received in
1856 the Democratic nomination for State treasurer,
was elected, and renominated in 1858, which honor
he declined. Having removed to Indianapolis, he
was, in 1S61, made treasurer of the Indianapolis
Rolling-Mill, and continued thus officially connected
with the enterprise until 1873, when he was made its
president. He was also chosen president of the water-
works in 1873, but was influenced by circumstances
to resign at the expiration of four months, his numer-
ous business connections requiring all his time and
attention. Mr. Jones for a period of half a century
has been engaged in the active duties of life, and in
his various enterprises has invariably been successful.
This is largely due to his indefatigable industry, his
keen intuitions, and his enterprise. He has ever
manifested public spirit and a lively interest in mat-
ters pertaining to the State, county, and city of his
residence. Mr. Jones has been twice married, — in
1836 to Miss Sarah Ann, daughter of Evan Arnold,
who died soon after; he was again married, in 1840,
to Miss Harriet, daughter of Hon. John W. and
Nancy Cox, of Morgan County, Ind. To this mar-
riage were born children — Elisha P., John W., Emma
(Mrs. Harry C. Holloway), Benjamin F., Charles,
Aquilla Q., Edwin S., William M., Frederick, Har-
Cj^^Li^^l //^^;u^
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
475
riet (deceased), and Mary (also deceased). Mr. aad
Mrs. Jones are members of St. Paul's Cathedral,
Indianapolis, in which the former is a vestryman.
In 1867 a rolling-mill company was formed by
Valentine Butsch, James Dickson, Fred. P. Rusch,
J. C. Brinkmener, and William Sims, to roll bar and
rod and other ordinary merchantable iron, and in 1868
the building, with twelve puddling and two smelting
furnaces, was erected on the north bank of the river,
forty-eight in the city, though they make no" such
impressive show of importance as an old village
blacksmith, whose shop was a sort of gossip resort,
as the saloon is now, though hardly so innocently.
Too much of the old-time blacksmith's work has been
drawn by specialties and by machinery to leave a very
impressive or important remainder.
No complete statistics of this important industry,
prior to 1873, are attainable, but for that year
at the end of the Vincennes Railroad bridge. Here ! the secretary of the Board of Trade makes a full
it worked 75 to 100 hands and produced about 20
tons of iron a day. The capital was about $150,000,
and the product 8300,000 to $400,000. After the
panic of 1873, when times began to grow hard, the
mill, called the " Capital City Iron-Works," began to
grow heavy on its owner's hands, and was finally
abandoned six or eight years ago and has fallen to
pieces ; the walls have been blown down, the roof
tumbled in, the smoke-stacks broken down, and the
furnaces wrecked. This is said to be the probable
location of the new agricultural machine-works.
Connected with this mill was a nut and bolt factory
that did a good business, and there is now one in the
city on South Pennsylvania Street that seems to be
well situated.
Brass-Foundries. — The first brass-foundry in
the city was established by Joseph W. Davis, in
1855, on South Delaware Street. Garrett & Com-
pany began the same business with a bell-foundry
attachment, in 1858, on the Union tracks, between
Meridian and Pennsylvania Streets, but in a couple
of years or less it collapsed. The brass-foundries
now in the city are those of William Langenskamp,
South Delaware ; Louis Neubacher, Georgia Street ;
the Pioneer Brass- Works, South Pennsylvania Street,
and Russell & Son, Biddle Street.
Tin-ware is made by some fourteen manufacturers
in the city, and copper-ware by two or three. Yost
& Koyter on East Washington Street are the only
manufacturers of cutlery. Cunningham Brothers on
South Meridian Street, and HoUeubeck & Miller on
South Illinois, manufacture wire .screens, signs, and
other articles of that material. Galvanized iron is
manufactured into cornices and other building-work
by four establishments. Of blacksmiths there are
and accurate report, which shows that the foundries
and machine-shops turned out for 1872 $1,375,000
of work, and for 1873 $1,421,000 worth, used $878,-
000 of capital, and employed 633 hands. The roll-
ing-mill turned out $1,400,000 worth of rails in
1872, and $1,580,000 in 1873, employed $900,000
capital and 475 hands. Malleable iron-works turned
out $175,000 of work in 1873, with a capital of
$115,000, and the employment of 70 hands. File-
factory turned out $47,000 of product, with $21,000
of capital and 46 hands. Edge-tools, $15,000 of
product, $5000 capital, 9 hands. The aggregate of
all forms of industry dealing with iron or steel, ex-
cept agricultural implements, was, in 1873, in prod-
uct, $3,238,000 ; capital, $1,919,000; hands, 1233.
In 1880 the aggregate product of foundries, ma-
chine-shops, rolling-mills, and saw-works was, by the
census, $3,869,000, and the number of hands em-
ployed, 2241, an increase of 20 per cent, in product,
and nearly 100 per cent, in the number of hands
employed. These returns are but vague indications.
They do not present the same class of details with
the same particularity, and consequently do not allow
comparisons except at one or two points. The prod-
uct of the rolling-mill, for instance, was larger,
according to the estimate of the secretary, in 1880
and 1881 — 24,000 tons — than in any years previ-
ously, but the value of the product has declined since
1873, and the total value returned in 1881 is less
than in 1873. No return later than the census that
is complete enough to permit a comparison to be
made, but an increase to over $4,000,000 of aggre-
gate iron products is the usual estimate.
Miscellaneous. — There are more manufactures
lying outside of the three general divisions than in
476
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
any one of them, and some are hardly inferior in ex-
tent and importance to any, either iron, wood, or food.
A glass-factory was started here in February, 1870,
by Messrs. Bulsitz, Dickson, Pitzinger, Brinkman,
and Deschler, and two large furnace-houses, with the
necessary adjuncts, were built. For a year or two some
profitable work was done, about 80 hands employed,
and about $135,000 of work turned out, chiefly
fruit-jars and bottles, but there was not business
enough to keep it employed, and it was gradually
reduced in operation till it was abandoned, about
1873, and turned into a fertilizer-factory. Then, as
already mentioned, the Root Stove Foundry took it.
Encaustic Tiles. — The United States Encaustic
Tile- Works, on Seventh Street, are said to be the
largest in the world, yet they were begun in 1877, —
a striking proof of enterprise and business sagacity is
the magnificent success they have achieved so soon.
A recent account in the News of the city gives a
very clear idea of the extent and character of the
work : " Its goods are sought for in all quarters. Only
the other day a large order came from South Africa.
Starting with the idea that tile could be made profit-
ably in this country, and being here within easy
access of fine clays adapted to the purpose, the com-
pany erected substantial buildings with the proper
machinery, and procured a number of skilled work-
men from England. The first eighteen months were
devoted chiefly to experiments. It is ea.sy to start a
manufactory of any kind, but it requires time to
produce the right article and obtain a market for it.
The company was just beginning to emerge from the
difficulties incident to a new enterprise when fire
swept the factory away, involving great loss. But
American pluck was behind the enterprise, and the
buildings rose again and work was resumed. Success
was attained, for the best work was done, and the
demand for the article grew so that great enlarge-
ments were necessary. Recently, improvements to
the value of §50,000 have been made, including
four new kilns, of greatly increased capacity, and
eight muflle-kilns, two more than any factory in
England, not excepting Minton's, has.
" The works now have a capacity of 2,000,000
square feet a year, and employ 300 persons, about
100 of whom are women. Among these are a num-
ber of English operatives ; nearly all those who came
originally, remain, and Superintendent Harrison in
his recent visit to England engaged and brought over
a number of additional families. The product of the
factory is found in every State and in hundreds of
public buildings. Special orders are constantly exe-
cuted for palatial dwellings in the great cities, and
there is an increasing demand from churches, hotels,
depots, stores, and banks. Among other large con-
tracts are the great Produce Exchange of New York,
the Custom House and the Post-Office at St. Louis,
and the Iowa State- House at Des Moines.
" An encaustic tile, properly speaking, is one that
is made of two kinds of clay, — a red base, with a
face of finer clay, which bears the ornamental pattern,
and strengthened at the base with a thin layer of
difierent clay to prevent warping. It is made both
by the dry and plastic processes. In the latter
the clay is damp. The workman, taking what he'
needs, cuts off a square slab, upon which the facing
of finer clay is slapped down ; a backing is put on
the other side to make the requisite thickness. It is
then put in a press, and the pattern in relief, usually
made of plaster of Paris, is brought down upon the
face of the tile, and the design is impressed into the
soft-tinted clay. The hollows thus formed are filled
with a semifluid clay of a rich or deep color, poured
into them and over the whole surface of the tile. In
twenty-four hours this has become sufficiently hard
to admit of the surplus clay being removed, which is
skillfully done by the operator, and the whole pattern
and ground are exposed. The surface is perfectly
smooth, but the baking brings out the indentations or
ridges of the patterns.
" The artistic perfection reached in this work is re-
markable. All colors and tints are produced at will ;
forms of beauty of all shapes, — fruits, vines, flowers,
birds, insects, portraits, lettering in any style of text.
In short, there is no shape or likeness that cannot be
reproduced with the exactness of engraving, though,
of course, not in such delicate lines. The demand
for variety necessitates the use of many designs, the
production of which is a field of itself. Then, when
the tile is finished for use, several designers are kept
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OP THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
477
busy in arranging the forms and combinations for
mosaic floors, vestibules, chimney-pieces, walls, and
other uses, and drawing working plans for the
layers."
Leather Products. — Mention has already been
made of the tanneries of the city, early and late, but
the products of leather in their diflFerent forms re-
main to be noticed briefly. First of these is boot-
and shoe-making.
Boots and Suoes. — The first shoemaker in In-
dianapolis was Isaac Lynch, who came in the fall of
1821. He was soon followed by others, but their
work was all for customers and immediate use. None
was made for stock or general sale. There has never
been any extetisive manufacture of foot-gear in the
city that continued long. About ten years ago a
company built a large three-story brick on Brookside
Avenue, near its crossing of Pogue's Creek, northeast
of the city, and shoes and boots were made there by
machinery for a short time, but the enterprise was
not profitable and was soon abandoned. Then John
Fishback made it a tannery. There are three manufac-
turers of boot and shoe " uppers" in the city, Thomas
D. Chautter, corner of Meridian and Washington
Streets ; Jacob Fox, West Maryland ; Vincent
Straub, South Illinois. There are 170 boot- and
shoe-makers and dealers in the city, but the makers
all work for customers directly. Besides these are
9 wholeseale dealers. There is no practicable way of
arriving at the aggregate value of all the work and
sales of these 182 establishments, but it runs well up
in the millions, no doubt.
Harness and Saddles. — The first saddler in
the city, so far as any mention or memory can de-
termine, was Christopher Kellum, who came in
1822 or 1823. The late James Sulgrove .learned
the trade with him, and when Mr. Kellum left the
town, Mr. Sulgrove, then just out of his time, in
1826 took the business and carried it on, first
with his brother and later with William S. Witbank,
and in the days since the advent of railroads with
Silas Shoemaker and Augustus Smith, and finally
with some of his sons, till his death in November,
1875. At that time and for several years before
hi.s was the oldest business house in Indianapolis.
He was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, and
came here with his father in 1823. He had never
any regular schooling but for a few months, and
taught himself about all he ever learned. He
married in 1826 and raised a family of ten children,
all of whom survived him, and but one has died since.
His wife died in 1865, more than ten years before
him. He afterwards married a Mrs. Johnson, and
for a few years left the city and lived on a farm on
the Bluff road about a mile below the farm of his
younger brother, Joseph, his former business partner,
who died the year before him. He returned to the
city a few years before his death, but never discon-
tinued his attention to his business till forced to do
so by ill health. He had been continuously in the
saddle and harness business there forty-nine years,
and was a few days over seventy at his death. He at-
tached himself to the Christian Church in 1836, the
year after its organization, and remained a member and
an officer all his life. He was for many years one of
the directors of the branch here of the old State Bank,
with the late Calvin Fletcher, with whom he was
always on terms of warm friendship, and with Mr.
Thomas H. Sharpe and others. He served one term
in the city council, and was also the last trustee of the
old County Seminary except Mr. Simon Yandes, and
was one of the trustees of the city schools. He was
a prominent Republican and a member of the county
and State central committees, but was never a poli-
tician, and never held or sought any oflice of emolu-
ment. He was noted among his business associates
for his integrity and faithful adhesion to every
promise, and his punctual fulfillment of all engage-
ments. He was buried at Crown Hill by the
Masons, of whom he was a member for thirty years.
The harness house of the Sulgrove Brothers, on
West Washington Street, was the first in the city to
manufacture harness for general sale and for whole
sale. This business they have maintained now nearly
ten years. Besides this house there is that of Ad.
Hereth, on Court Street (one of the oldest of the
later establishments); F. M. Bottler, North Dela-
ware ; Paul Sherman, South Delaware ; C. J. Shan-
ver, Indiana Avenue ; Fechentin & Co., South Me-
ridian ; R P. Thiecke, East Washington; William
478
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
S. Marsh, Fort Wayne Avenue ; John Foltz, West
Washington ; I. H. Herrington, North Delaware ; J.
M. Buffer, West Washington ; M. E. King & Co.,
Massachusetts Avenue. These generally make both
saddles and harness.
Belting is manufactured by the Hide, Leather and
Belting Company, South Meridian Street.
Textile Products. — Wool. The earliest mill for
the manufacture of woolen goods was that of Na-
thaniel West, on the canal at the Michigan road
crossing, or Cottontown, but nearly contemporane-
ously with him Souder & Hannaman made woolen
cloth and fulled it on the site of the water-works.
This establishment came to the hands of Merritt &
Coughlin in 1849, or thereabouts, and it was burned
the following year, or about 1851. They rebuilt at
once, and have continued the business ever since.
In 1856 they built their present extensive woolen-
mill on West Washington Street (a little off the site
of the old building), and within two or three years
have built a large addition on the east, next to the
mill-race.
George Merritt. — The Merritt family came to
America about two hundred years ago, landing at
Quebec. One of its earliest members settled at the
head of Lake Champlain, and had among his chil-
dren Nehemiah, whose relationship to the subject of
this biographical sketch was that of great-great-
grandfather. His son Ichabod married Sarah Wing
and had children, among whom was Joseph Merritt,
born in 1776, and married to Cynthia Howland. The
children of this marriage are Austis, Abraham, Jo-
seph, Richard, Sarah, Isaac, Cynthia, Mary L., and
Mahala. Joseph, of this number, was born June 19,
1792, in Saratoga County, N. Y., and married Phebe
Hart, to whom were born children, — Jane, William,
Jonathan, Daniel, Charles, Richard, George, Phebe,
and Joseph. The birth of their son George oc-
curred Nov. 22, 1824, in Saratoga County, N. Y.,
where his youth until his twelfth year was passed.
The family then emigrated to Michigan, and his
growing years were spent in the general labor inci
dent to clearing and cultivating a farm. On attain-
ing the age of twenty-one he removed to Ohio, and
under the direction of an uncle learned the trade of
woolen manufacturing. On becoming proficient in
this branch of industry, he, with his brother Charles,
in 1850, leased a mill at Beaver Creek, Ohio, and
began the manufacture of woolen goods, which was
continued for six years. Mr. Merritt, in 1856, re-
moved to Indianapolis and formed a copartnership
with William Coughlen, for the purpose of woolen
manufacturing, which was continued uninterruptedly
for a period of twenty-five years, when the latter re-
tired from business, and a son, Worth Merritt, be-
came interested, under the firm-name of George Mer-
ritt & Co.
Mr. Merritt has been actively identified with other
enterprises in the city of his residence. He is a di-
rector of the Indiana National Bank and one of its
incorporators. He was elected to the board of school
commissioners of Indianapolis in 1874 and is still a
member, during all of which time he has been chair-
man of the finance committee. All measures for the
conduct of the late war received his earnest support,
especially those having in view the labors of the San-
itary Commission. During this period he was one
of the trusted advisers of Governor Morton, and fre-
quently consulted with reference to the many ques-
tions arising during that critical period. Mr. Mer-
ritt's sympathies having been enlisted in behalf of
the orphans of soldiers, he, in connection with Miss
Susan Fussell, established a home for a limited num-
ber of these children at Knightstown, where liberal
provision was made for their training and comfort
until able to help themselves, Mr. Merritt bearing the
necessary expense involved. Through his exertions
a bill passed the Legislature, by which orphan chil-
dren in poor-houses were established in families
under the supervision and care of matrons. He was
reared iij the Quaker faith, but is a supporter and
one of the congregation of Plymouth Church of
this city.
Mr. Merritt was married on the 30th of March,
1852, to Miss Paulina T. McClung, whose birth oc-
curred in Rockbridge County, Va. She is the daugh-
ter of John S. McClung and Hannah Eliza Kinear,
of Xenia, Ohio, and granddaughter of Joseph and
Elizabeth Wilson JMcClung. The children of Mr.
and Mrs. Merritt are Jeannette G., Worth J., who is
'^^f?', cyi/^^y2yiS^
MANUFACTUKING INTEKESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS.
479
associated with his father in business, and Ernest G.,
now in college.
In 1847, C. E. and G. W. Geisendorff began the
manufacture of woolen goods in the old steam-mill,
but not very successfully, and they left it in 1852
and built a frame mill, still standing and in use, on
the west bank of the mill-race, on the National road
a little west of the point where that road separates
from Washington Street. Here they have carried on
a large and successful business, which has compelled
them to more than double their original capacity by
the addition of a large brick mill in the rear of the old
one. Mr. Yount succeeded Mr. West on the canal
in 1849, but did not continue long.
Cotton. — He, or Mr. West before him, attempted
the cotton manufacture for a short time, but aban-
doned it as not worth the trouble. The only cotton-
uiill that has approached a successful business here is
that of the Indianapolis Cotton Manufacturing Com-
pany, which was built ten or twelve years ago just
west of Fall Creek race, and three or four hundred
feet north of the river-bank. This has been kept in
pretty fair operation since then, but recently it has
been proposed to abandon it.
Hemp. — The only hemp manufacture of any con-
sequence, and that of very little, was rope-making.
There have been several " rope-walks" here at one
time or another. That which continued longest was
on the lane which now forms South West Street, a
little below the other lane which is now South Street.
About 1840, as related in the general history, Mr.
McCarty began the manufacture of hemp, not of
hemp products, on the east bank of Pogue's Run
Bottom, near the present line of Ray Street, taking
the water to rot the hemp and run his brakes and
other apparatus from the canal. He raised the hemp
himself, or most of it, on his " Bayou Farm," now
the site of so many and so large industrial establish-
ments in West Indianapolis. The times were hard
though, and all the circumstances unpropitious, and
even his iron energy and resolution could not endure
carrying an extensive factory and a large farm at a
dead loss. The business was abandoned about 1843.
Dressmaking belongs to this division of manu-
factures, and as there are 91 dressmaking establish-
ments in the city, it may be supposed to be a pretty
large division. The census of 1880 reports 31 milli-
nery and dressmaking establishments here, with 306
hands and an annual product of 8324,000. As the
directory shows 91 dressmaking establishments and
35 milllinery establishments, or a total of 126, four
times as many as the census found, either the census
was incorrect, — a not very improbable suggestion, — or
this class of manufactures has increased enormously
in four years. What the real value of products or
force of hands employed may be it is impossible to
conjecture with any reasonable measure of accuracy.
The census statement might fairly be doubled, how-
ever.
Tailokinq. — Tailoring, like shoe-making, was an
affair of direct work, on orders, for customers in all
the first thirty years of the city's existence, and most
of it both in town and country was done at home.
Working-clothes, " every-day" clothes, as they were
called, were oftener than not the product of the
mother's scissors and needle, cut by patterns, and
made up in the intervals of cooking, washing, and
house-cleaning. If the fits were not close or neat,
the wear was unequaled in these degenerate days of
" slop-shop" work and sewing-machine evasions. The
first man to sell ready-made clothes was Benjamin
Orr, in 1838, but tailors had grown plenty and quite
busy by that time. The first was Andrew Byrne,
uncle of Mr. Nowland, who came here in 1820, and
presumably plied his trade then and always after-
wards when he had anything to do. Among the
late arrivals of tailors were Capt. Alexander Wiley,
James Smith, Samuel P. Daniels, afterwards State
Librarian, John Montgomery, D. B. Ward, who be-
long to the first two decades.
Merchant Tailoring came after the opening
of our railroad system, though no doubt some little
was done before. Mr. Ward was probably among the
earliest merchant tailors. There are now 23 mer-
chant tailors in the city, and 34 tailors of ordinary
custom-work. The census reports 28 merchant tai-
lors four years ago, employing 453 hands, and pro-
ducing annually 8777,960 worth of clothing. Not-
withstanding the reduction of 5 establishments, the
probability is that more work is done now thau then,
480
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and the value of the work done by other tailors is
probably enough to make the aggregate of both
$1,000,000.
Printing^, aside from newspapers, employs 26 estab-
lishments in the city, and 5 publishing-houses. In
1880 the aggregate of both was 25, with 707 hands,
and an annual product of S726,857. It is probably
twice that now, though the force of hands may not
be doubled. The census returns are of little value
four years away, and they are not strikingly accurate
indications of the condition of industries even when
nearer to the time they are supposed to belong to.
Chemicals. — The manufactures of this class have
until within the last decade been carried on by drug-
houses, when anything of that kind was attempted at
all. In this class the oldest in the city, and probably
in the State, is that of Browning & Sloan, East
Washington Street, near Meridian. It was estab-
lished by Dr. John L. Mothershead about the year
1840, on the north side of Washington Street, mid-
way between Meridian and the alley. Some years
later David Craighead, who, with Mr. Brandon,
carried a like establishment nearly opposite, went
into this, and Mr. Browning, now senior proprietor,
was for a number of years a clerk in it. He ac-
quired so thorough a knowledge of the business and
such skill in all its processes that he became indis-
pensable, and was made a partner in 1850, when only
twenty-three years old. Mr. Sloan, who was a clerk
with Craighead & Browning, became a partner in
1862. During all the time after Mr. Craighead's
death, Mr. Browning conducted the business alone
from 1854 to 1862, the estate still retaining its in-
terest. It is the best-known and most extensive
house of its class in the State. It manufactures its
fluid extracts and pharmaceutical preparations gen-
erally, and all the latest remedies.
A large factory on McCarty Street, between Dela-
ware and Alabama, is used wholly for the manufac-
ture of chemicals and pharmaceutical preparations.
It was established by Eli Lilly & Co. some ten
years ago on Maryland Street, and was then removed
to South Meridian, and thence to its present location.
For a time Dr. John F. Johnston was associated with
Mr. Lilly, but for a few years past they have been
separated, and Dr. Johnston has an establishment on
South Pennsylvania Street.
Varnish is a manufacture belonging to this class,
and there is one long-established and extensive factory
of that kind here. It was begun by Henry B.
Mears eighteen years ago, on the point between
Kentucky Avenue and Mississippi Street. Here in
a very short time J. 0. D. Lilly entered the estab-
lishment, and in a few years bought out Mr. Mears,
and associated his sons in the business. About ten
years ago he built a much larger house, and espe-
cially arranged for his work, on the river-bank at the
foot of Rose and Grant Streets, a block west of West
Street, and here he produces an article that com-
mands a sale all over the United States, even in cities
that have varnish-factories of their own. In 1871,
Messrs. Ebner, Kramer & Aldag established a varnish-
factory on the corner of Pine and Ohio Streets. No
report appears of the amount of business done by
either, but Mr. Lilly probably produces near $100,000
a year.
John 0. D. Lilly is of English parentage, his
grandfather William Lilly, an Episcopal clergyman,
having come to America about the year 1794 and
settled at Albany, N. Y., from whence he removed to
Elizabeth, N. J., and, in connection with his sacred
calling, taught a female seminary. His children were
Catherine (Mrs. Francis Lathrop), John, a physician
who resided for half a century in Lambertville, N.
J., and William, who was born about the year 1789
in England, and came when a lad of six years to
America with his father. The latter served in the
war of 1812, and participated in the battle of Platts-
burg. He was united in marriage to Miss Catherine
Day, of Geneva, N. Y., and had children fourteen in
number, of whom Samuel, Benjamin, Phcebe Ann,
Jane, Charlotte, William, John 0. D., and James
reached mature years. Four of this number are still
living. John O. D. was born Sept. 17, 1822, in
Penn Yann, Yates Co., N. Y., which place fie left
with his parents for New York City when six years
of age. After a brief residence in the metropolis,
the family removed to Steuben County, in the same
State, where he remained seven years. The common
school, and later the academy of the town in which
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS. 481
his parents resided, afforded advantages of education,
after which he removed to Carbon County, Pa., and
acquiring the business of a machinist, before the age
of twenty-one years became foreman of a machine-
shop. At twenty-two he removed to Philadelphia,
and from that city to Reading, where his mechanical
insight and thorough knowledge of machinery made
him invaluable as foreman of the shops of the Read-
ing Railroad. Mr. Lilly was in 1848 married to
Miss Catherine, daughter of Col. John Miller, a
prominent citizen and legislator of Berks County,
Pa. Their children are Emma, Ida, Charles, and
John M. Charles, of this number, is married to Miss
Jessie Hall, of Indianapolis. Mr. Lilly determined
in 1849 to seek the West as a more promising field
for the artisan, and located in Madison, Ind.,
where he became master machinist of the Madison
and Indianapolis Railroad, and ultimately superin-
tendent of the same road. He afterward was offered
and accepted the superintendency of the Lafayette
and Indianapolis Railroad. In 1862 he became an
employe of the government as master machinist of
United States Military Railroads, with the rank of
colonel, and Washington as headquarters. Mr. Lilly
in his various railroad schemes brought to bear not
only superior knowledge, but his accustomed energy
and judgment, which placed the seal of success on
all his efforts, and rendered his services alike valu-
able to the government or private corporations. Hav-
ing previous to the war resided in Indianapolis, he
made that city again his home on retiring from the
service, and began the manufacture of varnish with
Henry B. Mears, whose interest he subsequently
purchased and made his sons partners in the estab-
lishment. Their products are of superior quality
and find a ready market. Mr. Lilly was president of
the Brown Rotary Shuttle Sewing-Machine Com-
pany, located in Indianapolis, which succumbed to
the financial disasters of 1873. He is also engaged
in other active enterprises. He has been identified
in various ways with the city and its improvements,
and is especially interested in its school system. In
politics he is a Republican, though not a participant
in the active work of the party.
Tobacco. — Leaf. There are three dealers in leaf-
tobacco who do some littlemanufacturing, but there is
little done now compared to what there was up to 1878.
At that time, or shortly before, Mr. Ferdinand Christ-
man manufactured " fine-cut" very largely, and sold
it all over the West. The business has declined since,
till it is prosecuted only in a small way, except in the
manufacture of cigars. This branclj of the business
is still carried on as extensively as ever. The census
reported but 42 manufacturers of cigars and tobacco
of all kinds, with 192 hands, and a yearly product of
$287,900. There are now 87 cigar-making houses
in the city, double the number four years ago, and
they have probably doubled the product, though there
are no authoritative statements to prove it. Among
the largest of the present establishments is that of
C. H. O'Brien, corner of Maryland and South Illi-
nois Streets ; John A. McGaw, North Illinois Street;
John Rauch, West Washington Street.
Confectionery. — The oldest confectionery house
in the city is that of Daggett & Co., northwest corner
of Meridian and Georgia Streets. It carries on the
manufacture in all three of the upper stories, and
does a larger business probably than similar factories.
Becker, on West Washington Street, also does a large
business ; also Angelo Rosasco, on South Illinois
Street; Irmer & Moench, North Pennsylvania Street;
John Dixon, Massachusetts Avenue ; Harriet E.
Hall, East Washington Street. There are of manu-
facturers and dealers together 34 in the city, 5 being
women : Mary Watson, West Washington Street ;
Caroline B. Martin, Indiana Avenue ; Harriet Love-
joy, East Washington Street; Lola Harris, Virginia
Avenue. There were 9 in 1880, producing 8260,000
worth of goods.
Stone-Cutting. — The first stone-cutter who had a
yard here and sawed stone was Mr. Spears, on the
corner of Washington Street and Kentucky Avenue,
in 1833 or 1834. He was followed a few years later
by Peter Francis, who had his place on the corner of
Kentucky Avenue and Maryland Street. These were
the pioneers. Scott & Nicholson, who had the con-
tract for the stone-work of the court-house, began
business here in 1854, and soon established the most
extensive yard in the city on Kentucky Avenue, at
a point just below the Vandalia Railroad. After com-
482
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
pleting the court-house they retired from business,
and their yard is partly occupied by Mr. Greenrod.
Mr. Goddard also has a yard on the same avenue a
square farther north, and G. Ittenbach & Co. have
one on Harrison Street.
Marble-Work. — This is a comparatively recent
industry here, and is largely confined to memorial
work of one kind or another. The houses are
only seven : T. J. Clark & Co., West Washington ;
J. R. Cowie, North Delaware ; August Diener, East
Washington ; J. P. LePage, opposite west entrance
of Crown Hill; A. A. McKain, East Market; J. M.
Sullivan, West Ohio ; W. C. Whitehead, Massachu-
setts Avenue. The value of the marble- and stone-
cutting of 1880, — no report is later except those that
are partial or defective, — with 11 establishments and
114 hands, was $237,000.
Brick. — Yards for making and burning brick in
the last generation gathered along Virginia Avenue,
outside of the town proper, though an occasional one
was maintained nearer the centre of settlement. Now
they are all clear out of the city, or only in the re-
motest outskirts, though they have offices in the
usual business-places. There are 13 of them now.
There were 7 in 1880, producing $53,000 of brick.
The secretary of the Board of Trade reports them
thus for 1882 (the report for 1883 not being yet
completed), showing a loss of 3 yards in the year, but
a large gain otherwise :
Number of yards in city and vicinity 18
Capital invested $130,000
Numberof men employed 280
Number of brick manufactured during year 20,000,000
Total value of brick made S16o,000
Oil. — The early manufacture of linseed oil has
been described in the general history. There is little
to add now, except that after the business had disap-
peared or diminished greatly for a score of years, it
was revived in 1864 by I. P. Evans & Co., who also
established a large manufactory on South Delaware
Street, at the crossing of the Union Railway tracks.
Here the business increased to such an extent that
about three years ago it was deemed necessary or
advisable to establish a second manufactory, on a still
larger scale, on the west side of the river, near the
Michigan Street bridge, on the Belt Railroad. The
product of oil annually is about 8200,000.
Ice. — Ice was packed for domestic use and confec-
tionery manufacture as early as 1840, by John Hodg-
kins, on the sites of the present Catholic school, St.
John's Cathedral, and the bishop's residence. It
was not for several years, however, that it was
packed in quantities to supply a general demand.
About the year 1847, Mr. George Pitts began this
business, and it has extended till now several large
dealers maintain ice-ponds ou the low ground between
the canal and Fall Creek, while others cut from the
canal and Fall Creek, and occasionally from the
river. There are some half-dozen packers and dealers
in the city now, who supply customers every day by
wagons, as bakers and butchers do. They employ
about 200 hands altogether in the packing season,
which is very variable in this climate, and in 1880
sold a total value of $67,000 of ice. The business
now is much larger, and there are some dealers who
supply only ice cut on the lakes in the northern part
of the State, cutting none here.
Photography. — The first of the business of sun-
painting was done here in 1842 by T. W. Whitridge,
as related in another chapter. Improvement was
slow, but in the last ten years photography has made
as striking advances as any industry in the city.
There were 20 establishments here in 1880, pro-
ducing about $.'.0,000 worth of work. There are 23
here now, doing probably double that amount of
work.
Electric Lights. — The Brush Electric Light Com-
pany was organized here June 17, 1881, with John
Caven, so long mayor of the city, as president. The
capital is $150,000. A large establishment was built
by them on South Pennsylvania Street, below Geor-
gia, and powerful machinery put in, and operations
begun within a year after the organization. About
120 lights, each of 2000 candle-power, are main-
tained, but for private use. The city has not yet
seen fit to use the light, though advantageous offers
have been made it by the company.
The Telephone, — -Two telephone companies were
organized here in 1878, — one under the control of
the Western Union Telegraph Company, using the
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS. 483
Edison invention, and one managed by Mr. E. T.
Gilliland, of the Electrical Manufactory, who used
the Bell invention. The former had the exchange in
the Western Union telegraph-oflBce, the other was lo-
cated in the Vance Block. The two were consoli-
dated into the Western Telephone Company in 1879,
and the consolidated exchange kept in the Western
Union location. In 1882 the Central Uoioh Com-
pany was formed, absorbing the others. Very re-
cently the exchange was removed to the building on
the southwest corner of Illinois and Ohio Streets,
the removal causing a good deal of embarrassment to
the citizens as well as the company. There are now
about 1000 " renters," as they are called, requiring
the services of about 50 persons, though 100 were
needed during the removal.
Sewing-Machines. — ^In 1870 the Wheeler &
Wilson Sewing-Machine Company established a fac-
tory at the upper end of Massachusetts Avenue, to
make the cabinet-work of their machines, and it was
carried on extensively for several years. But for
some half-dozen years past it seems to have declined,
and suspend finally, as no return is made of any of
that class of work. Agencies for the sale of machines
are numerous.
Indianapolis as a Manufacturing Centre. — The
variety, extent, and value of the manufactures, of
which the foregoing summary may give the reader
an idea, are an assurance that the position as a manu-
facturing centre which the city has attained is very
unlikely to be lost or seriously weakened. The influ-
ences that combined to create this impulse continue
in their original force, or rather, are stronger than
ever. The central position of the city, its central
position in the State, or rather in the Northwest, has
brought to it from all directions the new lines of com-
munication opened by the locomotive, and in these it
has found the advantages by the energetic and saga-
cious improvement of which it has attained its posi-
tion. These are the work of man's intelligence and
energy, and are, therefore, in no way dependent on
the accidents or changes of nature. They are as
'lasily kept as got, and more, for as population attracts
population and business attracts business, the concen-
tration of railways attracts or compels the addition of
railways, when new outlets to markets are needed.
The city will therefore, in all probability, continue to
grow from the roots already sent out, as it has grown
in sending them out. But to this probability must
be added others of even greater promise. No city in
the West, or even in the world, ofi'ers such opportu-
nities for illimitable and easy expansion. There is not
a foot of ground within ten miles in any direction
that cannot easily be built upon and added to her
area. Cheap lots are therefore possible for more years
and growth than would suflBce to make it as large as
London. There is no cramping of hills, or streams,
or unhealthy localities, to huddle up settlements in
any quarter and raise real estate to figures inaccessi-
ble to poor men. The health is not surpassed by that
of any city in the country or any country. There is
nothing in that direction to oifset the advantages
ofiFered by a flourishing town, with an inexhaustible
area of cheap building-lots. The schools are equal to
any in the country. East or West, and have been sup-
ported with unfailing liberality and unanimity. The
public improvements are in good part completed, or
advancing to completion, so that the heaviest expenses
of preparing for comfortable and profitable residence
have been incurred, and will not need to be renewed.
Thus it offers the four best inducements to the emi-
grant,— cheap residence, ample means of education,
light taxes, and assured health. Without these the
unequaled railroad advantages might have left, and
might still leave, it merely a flourishing town, but not
a large commercial and manufacturing centre.
But to all the advantages enumerated there must
be added another equal to either, if not to all to-
gether. This is the city's vicinity to the best coal-
field in the world for all classes of manufactures.
Fuel is the prime necessity of manufacturing in these
days, and is likely to remain so until electricity or
Ericsson's concentrated sunlight replaces it. Raw
material goes to power to be worked up. The phi-
losophy of this movement need not be considered
here. It is enough, in this connection, to state the
fact. Power exists here in such abundance as all the
developments of England cannot equal. Within two
or three hours' run of us lies a coal-field of nearly
eight thousand square miles. We enter it by five.
484
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and soon may by six, different lines of railway,
making a monopoly, and consequently a heavy cost of
transportation, impossible. The dip of the strata is
to the west, thus turning up the outcrop in the
direction nearest to us, and making that part which
is most easily mined also the most easily reached.
The seams, in many cases, are mined by drifting in
from hill-sides, sometimes by shallow shafts, some-
times by merely stripping off a few feet of the sur-
face soil. The ground above is all capable of culti-
vation and can support all the men, and more,
necessary to work them. Mining, therefore, can be
carried on at the lowest possible cost. But more
than this, the character of the coal itself increases
the facility and consequent cheapness of mining. It
is soft and easily broken ; its laminations are easily
separated ; it breaks easily across the line of stratifi-
cation ; in fact, is seamed with lines of breakage
crossing those of cleavage. It can be thus knocked
out of the seam in large, square masses, or chunks,
as one might knock bricks out of a dry-piled wall.
This, again, assures easy mining. It is almost en-
tirely free from the dangerous gases that produce
such fearful calamities in deeper mines of different
coal. It is not saying too much to say that no coal
has yet been found anywhere in the world so easily
accessible, so cheaply mined, or so free from danger
to the miner. These facts alone are enough to assure
to the city all the advantages that belong to the pos-
session of inexhaustible fuel and illimitable mechanical
power.
But there are other facts besides these that " make
assurance double sure." This coal, called block coal,
— from the peculiarity above alluded to of breaking
into blocks, — is really a sort of mineral charcoal.
It contains no sulphur, or so little that no analysis
has been able to detect more than a trace of it. It
contains enough naphtha to kindle almost instantane-
ously, and it burns without caking, or melting and
running together, as most bituminous coals do.
These two qualities — freedom from sulphur and
burning without caking — -every man accustomed to
using coal for steam, or for smelting or working iron,
will understand at once to make the Indiana block
coal unequaled for all manufacturing purposes. For
iron it is unapproachable, being but little different
from charcoal. In fact, much of it is charcoal, as
any one can see by breaking a lump. The whole
surface will be found mottled by alternate lines of
bright and dull black, and the latter are laminations
of mere mineral charcoal. It will rub off on the
fingers or clothes like charcoal, and it can be scraped
up in fittle heaps of charcoal-dust. The brighter
laminations are a sort of cannel coal. The whole
mass, instead of the glossy, polished look of Pitts-
burgh coal, is dull and dark, rather than black, with
frequent splotches of grayish hue, like an under-
ground rust, upon it. It is, in all respects, different
from the ordinary bituminous coal, which has to be
coked before it can be used to smelt or work iron.
To its singular adaptation to iron manufacture is due
the enormous development of that interest in the
city within the past ten years.
The field is calculated, from the facts so far ascer-
tained, to contain over twenty thousand millions of
tons of this block coal. This is more than will be
worked up by all the population that can be collected
on the vast plain about Indianapolis in five hundred
years.
Besides the block, the field contains many seams
of the ordinary coal, though varying less from the
other than does the Eastern kind. There is every
variety for all kinds of work, and all can be obtained
with equal ease and cheapness. The whole field is
calculated to contain sixty-five thousand millions of
tons, much of it close to the surface, none of it so
deep as to need the costly shafting and machinery of
the English or Eastern mines.
In the possession of this amount of fuel, Indian-
apolis offers to the manufacturer, and especially to the
iron manufacturer, these advantages :
1st. The best coal that has yet been found in the
world to make or work iron, and as good as any —
better than most — for making steam.
2d. Cheap coal, made cheap by ease of mining,
freedom from danger, facilities for approach in mining,
and by the capability of the covering country to sup-
port the miners.
3d. Cheap transportation of coal from the mines to
the city, assured by the actual operation of four lines
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE CITY OP INDIANAPOLIS.
485
of railway penetrating the field in four directions,
with the certain addition of a fifth, already on the
way to completion. Added to these is the probability
of a cheap narrow-gauge line, which the recent de-
velopments as to the value of that mode of transpor-
tation have suggested to men not likely to abandon it.
The competition of these lines makes high prices
impossible.
4th. Choice of coal. Standing at the junction of
five or six lines of coal transportation, each brirtging
a difi'erent variety or different grade, the manufacturer
at Indianapolis can choose that which suits him best,
at a price regulated by strong and steady competition.
Right in the coal-field, he would have to take what
was near him, or obtain better at a cost that would
make profit impossible. Iron men know well the
nece.ssity of adapting coal to ore, and the uncertainty
there is of finding one kind yielding an equal product
with another. The city is, therefore, a better point
for smelting, as well as puddling, rolling, casting, or
any other process of iron manufacture, than any other
point in the State.
5th. The numerous railway lines centring here
aiford all po.ssible facilities for obtaining necessary
raw material or shipping completed products. We
have thirteen lines entering the city, and, counting
the old Madison road, fourteen. There are only
three counties in the State that are not in direct rail-
way connection with us, that is, that cannot send
a passenger from there here all the way by rail.
This can hardly be said of auotlier State in the
Union, except some of the New England States.
There are only these three or four from which a mer-
chant may not come here, do business, and return in
the same day, with suitable arrangement of connec-
tions and trains. This places every dealer in the
State at the doors of our manufacturers virtually.
6th. Besides these advantages, oflFered to the iron
manufacturer especially, the advantages of cheap fuel
and unequaled transportation are offered to every
class of manufacture. To wood-workers we can
show hardly less capabilities of profitable labor than
to iron men.
7th. We offer plenty and cheap building stone,
brick, and other building materials.
The Coal Trade. — The completion of the Van-
dalia (then Terre Haute and Indianapolis) Railroad
in 1852 was the signal for active operations in the
Indiana coal-field, which was cut across the middle by
the new line, and opened up to the readiest possible
means of transportation. But enterprise proceeded
rather slowly at the outset. The value of the new
fuel, for new it was to most of the settlers of White
River Valley, was not appreciated. It was not better
than wood, it was a great deal dirtier, and it did not
then appear likely to be cheaper. So the country
viewed the opening of its new and great resource with
a very indifferent eye. The late generous and philan-
thropic Chauucey Rose, president of the railroad,
fumed and swore because some of his old ties and
spikes had been used by a firm from this city in lay-
ing a little side track to connect their mine with his
line and make business for him. He did not want
that sort of business. The first mining attempted by
any one in Indianapolis was by John Caven, mayor
during the war, and now president of the Brush
Electric Light Company, and a partner by the name
of Robert Griffith. They opened a surface mine,
merely skinning off a few feet of alluvial soil, near
the little town of Brazil in the fall of 1852, and
prosecuted the enterprise under very great disadvan-
tages all that winter. Then the trouble and expense
became too weighty, and they quit and sold out.
Some little of this coal was burned in the city, but
not much, and what was used was not greatly liked.
Gradually, however, as forests were swept away and
cultivation extended, wood became dear, and the war-
times and prices made it dearer, and then coal began
to find a readier sale. For twenty years the business
has steadily increased by the increasing consumption
for domestic purposes, and by the increasing number
and use of locomotives and stationary engines. In
1880 the consumption of all kinds of coal here was
252,357 tons, of which 25,000 was Pittsburgh coal.
In 1882 it was about 350,000 tons. For the past
year no returns have been completed, but it is esti-
mated that the increase has been about ten per cent.,
which would raise the total well up towards 400,000
tons. There are 31 coal and coke dealers in the
city.
4»6
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
CHAPTER XIX.
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Following is a complete list of the town and city
officers of Indianapolis from 1832 to the present
time, kindly furnished for this work by Mr. George
H. Fleming, who was appointed by the Council to
revise the city ordinances, viz. :
PRESIDENTS OF BOARDS OF TRUSTEES.
Samuel Henderson Oct. 12, 1832, to Sept. 30, 1833
James Edgar (resifined as trustee) Sept. 30 to Dec. 9, 1833
Benjamin I. Bljthe March 7, 1834, to Feb. 14, 1835
Alexander F. Morrison Feb. 14 to Oct. 2, 1835
Nathan B. Palmer Oct. 2, 1835, to April 13, 1836
George Lockerbie April 13, 1836, to April 4, 1837
Joshua Soule, Jr April 4, 1837, to April 2, 1838
PRESIDENTS OF COMMON COUNCIL.
James Morrison 1838-39
Nathan B. Palmer 1839-40
Henry P. Coburn 1840-41
William Sullivan (resigned Nov. 12, 1841) 1841
David V.Culley 1841-44, 1850-53
Lazarus B.Wilson 1844-45
Joseph A. Levy 1845-47
Samuel S. Rookcr (resigned Nov. 1, 1847) 1847
Charles W. Cady 1847-48
George A. Chapman 1848-49
William Eckert 1849-50
Andrevj A. Louden (resigned June 3, 1850) 1850
MAYORS.
Samuel Henderson 1847-49
Horatio C. Newcomb (resigned Nov. 7, 1S61) 1849-51
Caleb Scudder 1851-54
James McCready 1854-56
Henry F. West (died Nov. 8, 1856) 1856
Charles Coulon (to fill vacancy until Nov. 22, 1856) 1856
William John AVallace (resigned May 3, 1858) 1856-58
Samuel D. Maxwell 1858-63
John Caven 1863-67, 1875-81
Daniel Macauley 1867-73
James L.Mitchell 1873-75
Daniel W. Grubbs 1881-84
John L. McMaster 1884-86
PRESIDENTS OF BOARD OF ALDERMEN.
Horatio C. Newcomb 1877-78
William D. Wiles 1878-79
Jonathan M. Ridenour ISYg-SO
Henry Coburn 1880-81
James T. Layman 1881-84
TOWN CLERKS.
Samuel Merrill (trustee) Oct. 12 to Nov. 27, 1832
Isaac N. Heylin (resigned March 22, 1833) 1832-33
Israel P. Griffith (resigned Deo. 6, 1833) 1833
Hugh O'Neal 1833-34, 1836-38
James Morrison (resigned Oct. 2, 1835) 1834-35
Joshua Soule, Jr Oct. 17, 1835, to April 4, 1836
SECRETARIES OF COMMON COUNCIL.
Joshua Soule, Jr 1838-39
Hervey Brown 1839-43
William L. Wingate .T. 184.3-45
James G. Jordan (resigned Deo. 10, 1849) 1845-49
Joseph T. Roberts 1849-51
Daniel B. Cullcy 1851-53
CITY CLERKS.
Daniel B. Culley 1853-54
James N. Swectsor 1854-55
Alfred Stephens (died Oct. 14, 1856) IS55-56
Frederick Stein (to fill vacancy) 1856-57
George H. West 1857-58
John G. Waters 1858-63
Cyrus S. Butterfield 1863-67
Daniel M. Ransdell 1867-71
John R. Clinton 1871-75
Benjamin C.Wright 1875-79
Joseph T. Mngner 1879-84
George T. Breunig 1884-86
CLERK OF BOARD OF ALDERMEN.
George T. Breunig 1877-84
CITY AUDITOR.
John G. Waters 1866-67
TOWN TREASURERS.
John Wilkens (trustee) Oct. 12 to Nov. 27, 1832
Obed Footc (died) 1832
Hervey Bates 183.3-35
Thomas H. Sharjie 1835-39
Charles B. Davis 1839-40, 1841-44
Humphrey Griffith 1840-41
John L. Welshans 1844-46
George Norwood 1846-47
CITY TREASURERS.
Nathan Lister (resigned April 22, 1848) 1847-48
Henry Ohr (to fill vacancy) 1848
James Greer (resigned Aug. 9, 1848) 1848
James H. Kennedy 1848-50, 1851
John S. Spann (resigned Jan. 6, 1851) 1850-51
Ambrose F. Shortridge 1851-55
Harry Vandegrift 1855-56
Francis King 1856-58
James M. Jameson 1858-61
Joseph K. English 1861-65
William H. Craft 1865-67
Roberts. Foster 1867-71
John W. Coons 1871-73
Henry W. Tutewiler 1873-77
William M. Wiles 1877-79
William G. Wasson 1879-81
Isaac Newton Pattison « 1881-86
TOWN ASSESSORS.
Josiah W. Davis (resigned) Nov. 27, 1832-
Butler K. Smith 1833-34
George Lockerbie 1834-36
John Elder 1836-37
Thomas McOuat 1837-38
Albert G. Willard 1838-40
Henry Bradley 1840-41
Thomas Donnellan 1841-42, 1843-46
James H. Kennedy 1842-43
John Coen 1846-47
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MAKION COUNTY.
487
CITY ASSESSORS.
Joshua Black 1847-48
Charles I. Hand 1848-49
Henry Ohr 1849-50
Samuel P. Daniels 1850-51
Lemuel Vanlandingham 1851-52
John S. Allen 1852-53
Matthew Little 1853-54
John G. Waters 1854-55
James H. Kennedy 1855-56
John B. Stumph 1856-58 (resigned July 6, 1864), 1S60-64
David L. Merryman 1858-59
Robert W. Robinson 1859-60
William Hadley 1864-79
Milton F. Connett 1379-84
Eugene Saulcy 1884-86
TOWN ATTORNEYS.
James Morrison 1837-38
Hugh O'Neal 1838-40
Hiram and Hervey Brown 1840-46
Alanson J. Stevens and John L. Ketcham 1846-47
CITY ATTORNEYS.
Andrew M. Carnahan (resigned April 3, 1848)
Napoleon B. Taylor 1848,
William B. Greer
Edwin Coburn
William Wallace (resigned Oct. 28, 1850)
Abram A. Hammond
Albert G. Porter
John T. Morrison
Benjamin Harrison
Samuel V. Morris
Byron K. Elliott 1859-61 (resigned Oct. 31, 1870),
James N. Sweetser
Richard J. Ryan
Jonathan S. Harvey
Casablanca Byfield (deposed May 8, 1876).
Roscoe 0. Hawkins
John A. Henry
Caleb S. Denny
1847-48
, 1853-56
1848-49
1849-50
1850
1850-51
1851-53
1856-57
1857-58
1858-59
1865-70,
[1873-75
1861-63
186.3-65
1870-73
1875-76
1876-79
1879-82
1882-
CITY SOLICITOR.
Byron K. Elliott Nov. 11, 1872, to May 12, 1873
TOWN MARSHALS.
Glidden True Nov. 27, 1832, to Feb. 8, 1833
Edward McGuire (resigned May 10, 1833) 1833
Samuel Jenison (resigned 1834) 1833-34
Dennis I. White 1834-35
John C. Busio (resigned Oct. 7, 1835) 1835
John A. Boyer (resigned Dec. 19, 1835) 1835
Richard D. Mattingly 1835-36
William Campbell 18.36-39
James Vanblaricum 1839-42, 1844-43
Robert C. Allison 1842-45
Benjamin Ream 1843-44
Newton N. Norwood 1845-46
Jacob B. Fitler 1846-47
CITY MARSHALS.
William Campbell 1847-48
John L. Bishop 1848-49
Sims A. Collcy 1849-50, 1851-62
Benjamin Pilbean 1850-51, 1853-55
Elisha McNeely 1852-53
George W. Pitts 1855-56
Jefferson Springsteen 1856-58, 1859-61
Augustine D. Rose 1858-59
David W. Loucks (died April 24, 1862) 1861-62
John Unversaw 1862-69
George Taffe 1869-71
Thomas D. Amos 1871-73
W. Clinton West 1873-75
Eli Thompson 1875-77
Alonzo D. Harvey 1877-79
Richard S. Colter (legislated out of office)....1879 to Apr. 16, '83
CAPTAINS OF THE WATCH.
Jefferson Springsteen 1854-55
Jesse M. Vanblaricum 1855-56, 1862
Charles G.Warner 1856-57
Augustine D. Rose (resigned Sept. 14, 186I)...1857-58, 1859-61
Samuel Lefever 1858-59
Thomas A. Ramsey 1861-62
John R. Cotton 1S62
CHIEFS OP POLICE.
David Powell 1864-65
Samuel A. Cramer 1865
Jesse M. Vanblaricum 1865-66
Thomas S. Wilson 1866-69
Henry Paul 1870-71
Eli Thompson 1871-74
Frank Wilson 1874-76
Austin C. Dewey 1876-77
Albert Travis 1877-80
Robt. C. Williamson (legislated out of office)...1880 to April 16,
[1883
TOWN SURVEYORS.
William Sullivan Sept. 27, 1832, to June 18, 1838
Luke Munsell 1838-39, 1839-41, 1843-44
Robert B. Hanna (resigned Aug. 17, 1839) 1839
James Wood, Sr 1841-43, 1844-47
CITY CIVIL ENGINEERS.
J.ames Wood, Sr. (died Nov. 15, 1862) 1847-55, 1858-62
Amzi B. Condit 1855-56
Daniel B. Hosbrook 1856-58
James Wood, Jr. (died July, 1866). 1862-66
Joshua Staples, Jr 1866-67
R. M. Patterson 1867-73, 1878-79 (resigned June 1, 1881),
[1879-81
James W. Brown , 1873-75
Bernhard H. Deitz (resigned June 10, 1878) 1875-78
Thaddeus Reed (removed July 14, 1879) 1879
Samuel H. Shearer 1881-
CITY GAS INSPECTORS.
George H. Fleming Oeft city in March, 1871) Feb. 17, 1868-71
William S. Cone (resigned Nov. 6, 1871) 1871
E. T. Cox 1871-73
RylandT. Brown 1873-74
Alexander Robertson (defaulted ; office abolished) 1874-75
TOWN SUPERVISORS OF STREETS.
Thomas Lupton 1838-39
James V'"anblaricum 1839-42
Robert C. Allison 1842-43
Thomas M. AVeaver 1843-44
William Wilkinson 1845-46
Jacob B. Fitler 1846-47
488
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
CITY STREET COMMISSIONERS.
Jacob B. Filler 1847-48, 1855-57
John Bishop 1848-49
George W. Pitts 1849-50
George Youngerman 1850-51
Joseph Butsch 1851-52
Hugh Slaven 1852-53
William Hughcy 1S53-55
Henry Colestoek 1857-61
John A. Colestoek 1861-63
John M. Kemper 1863-65
August Riehter 1865-69
Augustus Bruoer 1869-73
Thomas Wiles 1873-75
Stephen Mattler (deposed May 8,1876) 1875-76
Leander A. Fulmer 1876-
CLERKS OF MARKETS.
Thomas Chinn (resigned) Nov. 27, 1832, to Feb. 21, 1835
Fleming T. Luse (resigned July 29, 1835) 1835
Andrew Smith 1835-36
Jacob Roop (died ,1837) 1836-.37
James Gore (resigned Feb. 6, 1837) 1837
Jeremiah Worniegen (died , 1846) 1837-46
James Vanblaricum 1839-41
Jacob Miller 1845-47
Jacobs. Fitler 1846-47
CITY MARKET-MASTERS.
Jacob Miller (resigned Aug. 2, 1852) 1847-52, 1854-55
Sampson Barbee, Sr. (resigned March 20, 1848) 1847-48
Henry Ohr 185.3-54
Richard Weeks 1855-56, 1857-58
George W. Harlan 1852-53, 1856-57
Charles John 1858-61, 1862-63, 1864-67
Thomas J. Foos 1861-62
John J. Wenner 1863-64
Sampson Barbee, Jr 1867-68
Gideon B. Thompsou 1S68-69
Theodore W. Pease 1869-70
James Y. Mardiok 1870-71
John Unversaw 1871-74
John F. Gulick 1874-76
William Shaw 1876-77
Jehiel B. Hampton 1877-78
Roger R.Shiel 1877-78
Joseph M. Sutton 1878-79
Charles X. Lee (resigned Feb. 15, 1879) 1878-79
Levi H. Rowell (to fill vacancy) 1879
Albert Izor 1879-80
Leroy C. Morris 1879-80
James A. Gregg 1880-82
Edward A. Guthrie (resigned Oct. 4, 1880) 1880
Abraham L. Stoner (resigned May 14, 1883) 1880-83
Orville B. Rankin 1882-
Joseph R. Shelton 1883-
TOWN WEIGH-MASTERS.
Jacob J. Wiseman (resigned) Oct. 27 to Dec. 12, 1835
Edward Davis 1835-36
John F. Ramsey Jan. 30 to April 18, 1836
James Edgar 1836
James Gore Jan. 19 to Feb. 6, 1837
Jeremiah Wormegen Feb. 6 to May 17, 1837
Isaac Harris 1837-38
Adam Haugh 1838-39, 1840-47
Charles Williams 1839-40
CITY WEIGH-MASTERS.
John Fatten 1847-48
Adam Haugh 1848-56
Willard Nichols 1876-78
John W. Smither 1878-79
William P. Ballard 1879-80
Jesse DeHaven 1880-
SEALERS OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Joseph W. Davis 1853-54
Jacob T. Williams 1854-56
Hugh J.Kelly 1856-57
James M. Jameson 1857-58
John G. Banning 1858-59
Cyrus S. Buttcrtield 1859-61
James Loucks 1861-66
Joseph L. Bishop 1860-67
Augustus Bruner 1867-68
Samuel B. Morris 1868-71, 1873-74
William n. Phillips 1871-73
Ignatz Cook (office abolished) 1874-75
FIRE DEPARTMENT MESSENGERS.
James Vanblaricum (removed Deo. 23, 1842) 1840-42
David Cox 1842-43
Jacob B. Fitler (resigned Aug. 23, 1848) 1845-48
James H. Kennedy 1847-48
Hiram Siebert 1849-
Andrew Heiner 1851—
CHIEF FIRE ENGINEERS.
Thomas M. Smith 1843-47
Joseph Little 1853-54
Jacob B. Fitler 1854-55
Charles W. Purcell aS55-56
Andrew Wallace 1856-58
Joseph W. Davis 1858-63
John E. Foudray (resigned Nov. —,1859) 1859
Charles Riehmann 1863-67, 1868-70, 1872-74
George W. Buchanan 1867-68
Daniel Glazier (died in fall of 1872) 1870-72
Michael G. Fitchey 1S74-76
W.O.Sherwood 1876-78
John 6. Pendergast 1878-82
Joseph H. Webster 1882-
TOWN SEXTONS.
James Cox 1842-43
John Musgrove 1843-44, 1845-47
John O'Connor 1844-45
CITY SEXTONS.
Benjamin Lobaugh 1847-48
Joseph I. Stretcher 1848-49
Philip Sachs 1849-54
George Bisbing (resigned July 31, 1854) 1854
Hemy Stumph (to fill vacancy) 1854-55
John Moffit, Sr 1855-56, 1857-59
Archibald Lingenfelter 1856-57
Garrison W. Allred (died Jan. — , 1876) 1859-69, 1875-76
James H. Hedges 1869-72
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
489
John Ross (impeached Aug. 11, 1873) 1872-73
Thomas Spaulding (to fill vacancy) 1873-74
James O'Connell (resigned Aug. 12, 1875) 1874-75
Valentine Reinhart (to fill vacancy) 1375
Mrs. Fannia Allred (to fill her dead husband's place) 1876
Robert Turner 1876-78, 1880-81 (to fill vacancy) 1883-
Jacob Ross (died Jan. — , 1879) 1878-79
James R. Locklear (to fill temporary vacancy) 1879
Mrs. Sarah Ann Ross (to fill her dead husband's place)... 1 879-80
Fielding Houston (resigned May 14, 1883) 1881-83
CITY JANITORS.
William Regenour 1871-79
Joseph Raible 1879-
MEMBERS OF BOARD OF HEALTH.
W.Clinton Thompson 1849-50, 1869-70
James S. Harrison 1849-50
David Funkhouser (resigned March 4, 1850) 1849-50, 1857
George W. Mears... 1850-53, 1854-55 (resigned Sept. 14, 1861),
[1861, 1863-69
Livingston Dunlap 1850-53
John L. Mothershead 1850-55
Patrick H.Jameson 1853-54, 1855-57
Charles Parry 1853-54, 1857-59
John S. Bobbs 1854-57
TalbutBullard 1855-57
James H. Woodburn 1857-61
John M. Kitchen 1858-61
Clay Brown 1861-62
Mansur H. Wright 1861-65
John M.Gaston 1862-64, 1871-72
Will. R. Bullard 1864-66
Emil Kline 1865-66
Thomas B. Harvey 1866-67, 1869-71
Robert N. Tod.l 1866-69
John P. Avery 1867-68
John A. Comingor 1869-73
Guido Bell 1870-74
William Wands 1872-74, 1877-80
Samuel A. Elbert 1873-74, 1876-77
James S. Athon 1874-76
A. Stratford 1874-76
Charles E. Wright 1874-76
Francis M. Hook 1876-77
Joseph W. Marsee 1876-77
Thomas N. Bryan 1877-78
Henry Jameson 1877-80
William E. Jeffries 1879-81
Elijah S. Elder 1880-
William J. Elstun 1880-81
Moses T. Runnels 1881-
John A. Sutcliffe 1881-
DIRECTORS OF CITY HOSPITAL.
William Braden 1866-70
George W. Buchanan (elected chief fire engineer) 1866-67
J. C. Geisendorfi' 1866-68
Alexander Graydou, Sr. (resigned) 1866-67
John M. Kitchen (resigned June 30, 1870) 1866-70
George Merritt 1866-69
Frisby S. Newcomer 1866-71
Samuel V.B.Noel 1866-67
Lazarus B. Wilson (resigned)....' 1866-67
William W.Smith 1867-69
Charles Glazier 1867-71
32
E. J. Holliday 1867-69
John M. Phipps 1867-68
Dandridge H. Oliver 1868-69
Stoughton A. Fletcher, Jr 1869-70
John M. Gaston 1869-71
Love H. Jameson 1859-71
Samuel E. Perkins 1869-61
J. F.Johnston 1860-71
William Kown 1870-71
H. C. Nowoomb 1870-71
William H. Snider 1870-71
TRUSTEES OF CITY HOSPITAL.
Patrick H. Jameson 1871-73
Theophilus Parvin 1871-73
Robert N. Todd 1871-76
Thomas Cottrell 1875-76
SUPERINTENDENTS OF CITY HOSPITAL.
Greenly V. Woollen 1866-70
Evan Hadley 1870-71
Joseph W. Marsee 1871-73
A. W. Davis 1873-74
W. B. McDonald 1874-76
Flavins J. Van Vorhis 1876-77
William H. Davis 1877-79
William N. Wishard 1879-
SUPERINTENDENTS OF CITY DISPENSARY.
William B. Fletcher 1875-79
Caleb A. Ritter 1879-82
John J. Garver 1882-
CITY COMMISSIONERS.
Edmund Browning 1855-61
Nathan B. Palmer 1855-58
J. M. Talbott 1855-58
W. Clinton Thompson 1855-61
G. E. West 1865-58
David S. Beaty 1858-61, 1863-66
Adam Gold 1858-61
Adam Knodle 1858-61
James Blake 1861-64
William Boaz 1861-64
Andrew Brouse 1861-64
James Sulgrove 1861-66
Lemuel Vanlaningham (resigned Nov. 27, 1865) 1861-65
^gidius Naltner 1863-66
David V. Culley (resigned Nov. 27, 1865) 1863-65
William Coughlen 1866-67
J. W. Davis 1865-66
T. L. Roberts 1865-66
William Braden (resigned May 21, 1870) 1866-70
James N. Russell (died November, 1869) 1866-69
Thomas Schooley 1866-69
Samuel M. Seibert 1866-73
James C. Yohn 1866-69, 1879-
John F. Ramsey 1869-73
Joseph M. Sutton (resigned June 27, 1873) 1869-73
Ignatius Brown (to fill Russell vacancy) 1869-73
William S.Hubbard 1871-75
George W. Alexander. 1873-75
William J. Elliot 1873-75
J. George Stilz 1873-75
Peter Weis 1873-75
John L. Avery 1875-79
490
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
J. S. Hildobrand 1875-79
George W.Hill 1875-
William Mansur , 1875-79
Robert H. Patterson 1875-79
William Hadley 1879-
Newton Kellogg 1879-
Michael Steinhauer 1879-
CITY DIRECTORS OF BELT RAILROAD.
John M. Kitchen 1S77-
Benjamin C. Shaw 1877-79
Napoleon B. Taylor 1879-80
Edwin H. Lamme 18S0-S2
Arthur L.Wright 1882-
TOWN TRUSTEES.
John G. Brown 1832-33
Henry P. Coburn 1832-33
Samuel Henderson 1832-33
Samuel Merrill 1832-33, 1836-37
John Wilkins 1832-33
Benjamin I. Blythe 1833-35
Nathaniel Cox 1833-35
James Edgar (resigned Dec. 9, 1833) 1833
Samuel Goldsbcrry 1833-35
James Vanblaricum 1833-35
Joseph Lefavour 1834-36
Charles C. Campbell 1835-36
Livingston Dunlap 1835
Humphrey Griffith 1835-37
Alexander F. Morrison 1835
Nathan B. Palmer 1835-36
L M.Smith 1835-36
John Foster 1836-38
George Lockerbie 1836-38
John L. Young (resigned Deo. 22, ]S36) 1836
Henry Porter 1837-38
Joshua Soule, Jr 1837-38
George W. Stipp 1837-38
TOWN COMMON COUNCIL.
William J. Brown (resigned Dec. 2, 1838) 1838
John Elder 1S3S-.39
John W. Foudray 1838-39
George Lockerbie 1838-10
John F. Ramsey 1838-39
Samuel S. Rooker 1838-40, 1842-45
George W. Stipp 1838-39
John E. McClure 1839-40
George Norwood 1839-42
Philip W. Seybert 1839-41
William Sullivan 1839-40
Jacob Cox 1840-42
Samuel Goldsberry (died Jan. 16, 1847) 1840-47
John Wilkins (to fill Goldsberry vacancy) 1847
Matthew Little 1840-42
Andrew A. Louden 1840-47
Carey H. Boatright (resigned Nov. 5, 1S42) 1841-42
Joshua Black 1842-44
James R. Nowland 1842-46
Thomas Rickards 1842-44
Humphrey Griffith 1844-46
William Montague 1844-47
William C. Vanblaricum 1845-47
Charles W. Cady 1846-47
Abram W. Harrison 1846-47
1847-48
1847-48
... 1847
1847-48
1849-50
1856-57
1847-49
1847-48
1848-49
1848-49
1848-49
1848-49
1848-49
1854-55
1849-50
1849-51
... 1849
1849-53
1849-50
1S55-56
1850-51
1850-51
1850-53
1850-51
1851-53
1856-59
1851-54
1851-56
1851-52
1855-57
1852-53
1852-53
1853-54
1853-54
1853-59
1853-55
1S5.3-54
1853-56
1853-55
1853-54
1853-54
1853-54
1854-55
1863-66
1862-69
1854-55
1854-56
1854-56
1854-56
1854-55
1855-56
1855-56
1855-56
1855-56
1855-56
1855-57
1855-56
1856-57
1856-57
1856-57
1856-57
CITY COMMON COUNCIL.
Charles W. Cady
Uriah Gates
Abram W. Harrison (resigned June 7, 1847)
Morris Morris (to fill Harrison vacancy)
Cornelius King 1847-48,
Samuel S. Rooker 1847-18, 1849-51,
Henry Tutewiler
William L. Wingate
Matthew Alford (resigned March 12, 1849)
Frederick H. Brandt
George A. Chapman
Thomas Eaglesfield
Royal May how
Hiram Seibert 1848-49,
Hervey Botes
William Eckert
James Gillespie (died Nov. 2, 1849)
David V. Culley (to fill Gillespie vacancy)
William Montague
James Sulgrovo 1849-50,
Samuel Hetzelgcsser
Joseph M. Landis
Andrew A. Louden
George McOuat
Thomas Buchanan
George Durham 1 851-54,
Nathan Edwards
George W. Pitts
Charles Woodward
Samuel Dclzcll 1852-54,
Jacob B. Filler
John Greer
William A. Bradshaw
Daniel Carlisle
Livingston Dunlap..
William H. Karns
Nicholas McCarty
Douglass Maguire
Henry H. Nelson
Horatio C. Newcomb
David Strickland
Edwin H. Wingate
John L. Avery
William Boaz 1854-56 (resigned May 31, 1866),
Sims A. Colley 1854-55,
Canada Gowan
Alexander Gray don, Jr
William H. Jones
Daniel Keeley
John Trucksess
Samuel Beck
Samuel M. Douglass
Andrew W. Fuqua
Berl S. Goode
Henry J. Horn
William Mansur
J. B. E. Reed
Henry Buscher
Adam Gold :
Nixon Hughes
William McKee
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
491
Frisby S. Newcomer 1S56-57
Niithan B. Palmer 1856-57
Robert M. Patterson 1856-57
Thomas Cottrell 1857-60, 1867-73
Joseph K. English (resigned Nov. 12, 1S59) 1857-59
Stoughton A. Fletcher, Jr 1857-59, 1862-65
George W. Geisendorff (resigned Feb. 2, 1862) 1857-62
Robert Greenfield 1857-59
William Hadley 1857-59
Jonathan S. Harvey 1857-58
Erie Locke 1857-61, 1869-72
Stephen MoNabb 1867-65, 1866-67
Myron North 1857-59
Albert G. Porter (resigned April .30, 1859) 1857-59
Jacob Vandegrift (resigned Oct. 12, 1861) 1857-61
Jacob S. Pratt (resigned March 24, 1860) 1858-60
Theodore P. Haughey 1859-65
Ernest H. L. Kuhlman 1859-63
Alexander Metzger 1859-63
Charles Richmann 1859-63
Saraual M. Scibert 1859-63
Herman Tilly 1859-61
Andrew Wallace 1859-63
John Blake (resigned April 4, 1864) 1861-64
James G. Douglass (to fill Blake vacancy) 1864
Austin 11. Brown 1861-75
W. Clinton Thompson (resigned May 1, 1867) 1861-67
William Allen 1863-66
Henry Coburn 1863-69
William Cook 1863-65
Roswell B. Emerson 1862-67
Horace A. Fletcher 1862-67
Charles Glazier 1863-69
Patrick H. Jameson 1863-69
Samuel Lefever (resigned March 12, 1866) 1863-66
Joseph Staub 1863-67
William John Wallace (resigned Feb. 15, 1864) 1863-64
Adolph Seidensticker (to fill Wallace vacancy)....'. 1864-69
Julius A, Grosvenor (left city ; seat declared vacant)... 1865-67
G. A. Foster (to fill Grosvenor vacancy) 1867-69
J. Henry Kappes 1865-69
William II. Loomis 1865-69
John B. McArthur 1865-69
Christian F.Schmidt 1865-69
Charles Kempker (to fill Boaz vacancy) 1866-67
James Burgess 1867-69
Joseph W. Davis 1867-69
Henry Geisel 1867-69
Samuel Goddard 1867-69
William H. Henschen 1867-69
Ambrose P. Stauton 1867-69
James H. Woodburn 1867-75
Henry Gimber 1869-70, 1871-76
Temple C. Harrison 1869-71
Christopher lleckman 1869-72
Leon Kahn 1869-71, 1872-76, 1879-81
Robert Kenningtoii 1869-75
John L. Marseo 1869-72, 1877-79
John S. Newman 1869-72
John I'yle 1869-71
James McB. Shepherd 1869-71, 1873-75
Isaac Thalmun 1869-77, 1880-84
Frederick Thom.s 1869-72
William W. Weaver 1869-72
C. E. Whitsit 1869-73
William D. Wiles 1869-73
Edward Reagan 1870-74
John H. Batty 1871-74
William H. Craft 1871-77
Heydon S. Bigham 1871-75
Frederick C. Bollman 1872-76
David Gibson 1872-74
E. J. Hardesty 1872-74
John T. Pressley 1872-74
Frederick P. Rush 1872-74
Lyman Q.Sherwood 1872-74
Justus C. Adams 1873-77
M. C. Anderson 1873-75
Calvin F. Darnell 1873-77
William McLaughlin 1S73-75
Thomas H. S. Peck 1873-74
Ralph C. J. Pendleton 1873-74
Isaac W. Stratford 1873-77
James E. Twiname 1873-75
Boswell Ward 1873-76, 18S1-84
Henry F. Albershardt 1874-76
Patrick H. Curran 1874-76
George W. Geiger 1874-76
Marshall E. Hall 1874-76
Francis M. Hook 1874-76
Thomas Madden 1874-76
Robert C. Magill (elected to Board of Aldermen) 1874-77
Em)s B. Reed 1874-78
John Stuckmeyer 1874-76
William Buehrig 1875-77
John J. Diflley 1875-77
George Kenzel 1875-77
James C. Laughlin 1875-77
Daniel M. Ransdell 1875-77
William F. Reasner 1875-77, 1878-79
Frederick Schmidt 1875-77
George C.Webster 1875-77
Joseph W. Bugbee (expelled April 15, 1878) 1876-78
Norman S. Byram 1876-78
John L. Case 1876-78
Albert Izor 1876-78
Martin McGinty 1876-80
Thomas J. Morse 1876-79
Milton Pouder 1876-78
Michael Steinhauer 1876-78
John Thomas 1876-78
Arthur L. Wright 1876-79
William G. Wright 1876-78
Robert B. Bagby 1877-79
Marcus L. Browo 1877-80
William M. Cochriin 1877-78
Josiah B. Dill 1877-79
James T. Layman 1877-79
Thomas C. Reading 1877-79
Abraham L. Stoner 1877-78
William H.Tucker 1877-80
Isaac C. Walker 1877-79
James E. Watts 1877-78
George P. Wood 1877-80
George Anderson 1878-79
Henry Bermann 1878-80
Jacob M. Bruner 1878-79
Matthew M. Cummings 1878-79
M. Horace McKay 1878-81
Frank A. Maus 1878-79
Sheldon Morris 1878-79
Chris. H. O'Brien 1878-79
492
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Christian Off. 1878-79
Omer Kodibaugh 1878-79
Samuel Showalter 1878-79
Gottlieb Sindlinger 1878-79
John L. F.Steeg 1878-79
Christian F. Wiese 1878-80
Jacob Bieler T879-80
Peter P. Bryce 1879-80
Harvey S.Carey 1879-80
James T. Dowling 1879-84
John T. Downey 1879-81
Francis W. Hamilton 1879-80
Chris. H. Harmoning 1879-80
George King 1879-80
William C. Lamb 1879-81
William H. Morrison 1879-84
John O'Connor 1879-81
John K. Pearson 1879-84
Henry J. Prier 1879-81
Cah'in F. Rooker 1879-80
Joseph H. Sheppard 1879-80
William E. Shilling 1879-81
Flavins J. VanVorhis 1879-81
Collins T. Bedford 1880-84
William F. A. Bernhamer 1880-81
Allen Caylor 1880-84
Edward H. Dean 1880-84
John W. Fiiltz 1880-84
Patrick Harrold 1880-84
Ernest H. Roller ]8.'!0-84
John A. Lang 1880-81
Henry J. Mauer 1880-84
James A. Pritchard 1880-84
William G. White 1880-81
Nelson Yoke 1880-84
Edgar Brundage 1881-84
Barton W. Cole 1881-84
John R. Cowie 1881-84
Simeon Coy 1881-84
John Egger 1881-84
Frederick Hartman 1881-84
Ernst F. Knodel 1881-84
Philip Reichwein 1881-84
Hervey B. Stout 1881-84
George Weaver 1881-84
Frank Benjamin, 17th Ward 1884-8fi
John R. Cowie, 13th Ward 1884-86
Simeon Coy, 18th Ward 1884-86
William Curry, 2Dth Ward 1884-86
James T. Dowling, 16th Ward 1884-86
J. T. Downey, 9th Ward 1884-86
Philip J. Doyle, 15th Ward 1884-86
6. F. Edenharter, 8th Ward 1884-86
P. M. Gallahue, 20th Ward 1884-86
Charles E. Haugh, 10th Ward 1884-86
Fred Mack, 24th Ward 1884-86
John Moran, 19th Ward '. 1884-86
Robert C. McClelland, 7th Ward 1884-86
W. C. Newcomb, 6th Ward 1884-86
John R. Pearson, oth Ward 1884-86
J. F. Reincke, 22d Ward 1884-86
R. H. Rees, 12th Ward 1884-86
M. M.Reynolds, 1st Ward 1884-86
J. L. Sheppard, 14th Ward 1884-86
Theodore F. Smither, 4th Ward 1884-86
George W. Spahr, 2d Ward 1884-86
Isaac Thalman, llth Ward 1884-86
P. C. Trussler, 21st Ward 1884-86
J. W. Wharton, 30th Ward 1884-86
P. H. Wolf, 23d Ward 1884-86
BOARD OF ALDERMEN.
Thomas E. Chandler 1877-80
Henry Coburn 1877-81
Robert S. Foster 1877-79
Gottlob C. Krug 1877-78
Robert C. McGill 7877-78
Horatio C. Newcomb 1877-78
William H. Snider 1877-79
Isaac W. Stratford 1877-79
William Wallace 1877-78
William D. Wiles 1877-79
Daniel W. Grubbs (resigned May 1, 1881) 1878-81
Diedrich Mussman 1878-84
William F. Piel 1878-80
Jonathan M. Ridenour 1878-80
Harry E. Drew 1879-84
James T. Layman 1879-84
John Newman 1879-84
Hiram Seibert 1878-84
Francis W. Hamilton 1880-84
William H. Tucker 1880-84
George P. Wood 1880-84
Derk DeRuiter 1881-84
Brainard Rorison 1881-84
W. F. A. Bernhamer, 5th District 1884-86
S. H. Cobb, 3d District 1884-86
W. A. Cox, 2d District 1884-86
Thomas J. Endly, 1st District 1884-86
Isaac King, 4th District 1884^86
James McHugh, oth District 1884-86
H. J. Prier, 1st District 1884-86
James A. Pritchard, 2d District 1884-86
Brainard Rorison, 3d District 1884-86
Thomas Talentire, 4th District 1880-86
CITY JUDGE.
John N. Scott 1867-68
METROPOLITAN POLICE.
John W. Murphy, commissioner 1883-84
John P. Frenzel, " 1883-85
Volney T. Malott, " 1883-86
Sidney M. Dyer, secretary 1883-
Irvin Robbins, superintendent (resigned November, 1883). 1883
John A. Lang 1883-
In the following list the names are given of all per-
sons who have held county ofiSces, and also of those
resident in Marion County who have held important
offices in or under the State or national government,
except those of official residence only.'
1 Quite a number of persons who have attained more or less
distinction in politics, war, letters, or art have, at one time or
another, been residents of Indianapolis. Among them are
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MAKION COUNTY.
493
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.
Caleb B. Smith 1861-62
POSTMASTER-GENERAL.
Walter Q. Gresham 18S3
MINISTER TO TURKEY.
Lewis Wallace 1881 to present.
CHARGE D'AFFAIRES TO SWEDEN.
Henry W. Ellsworth 1845-50
UNITED STATES CONSUL AT GENEVA.
Nathaniel Bolton 1855-57
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGES FOR INDIANA.
Caleb B. Smith 1862-64
David McDonald 1864-69
Walter Q. Gresham 1869-83
UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS.
Lucien Barbour 1848-50
Hugh O'Neal 1860-53
CLERKS OF UNITED STATES COURTS.i
Horace Bassett 1835-60
John H. Rea 1853-65
Walt. J. Smith (died Decembers) 1863-65
John D. Howland 1865-77
William P. Fishback 1877-79
Noble Butler 1879-
Professor George Bush, Oriental scholar and religious
speculator.
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.
Rev. Phinens D. Gurley.
John B. Dillon, historian of Indiana.
Rev. Sydney Dyer, poet.
T. W. Whitridge, noted artist.
Joseph 0. Eaton, a well-known Western artist.
William Miller, a distinguished miniature painter.
Dr. Schliemann, celebrated Troas explorer and vindicator
of the " Iliad."
Mrs. McFarland, author and lecturer.
Mrs. Seguin-Wallace, vocalist.
Mrs. Snrah T. Bolton, earliest of Indiana poets.
Edward R. Ames, a distinguished Methodist bishop.
Thomas Edison, the inventor and electrician.
Miss Julia (Dudu) Fletcher, author of " Kismet," when a
child.
Charles Nordhoff, city editor of the Sentinel in 1855.
Gen. Lew Wallace, author of the " Fair God" and " Ben
Hur."
James W. Riley, author of " Ben Johnson's Poems."
' There are two Federal Courts. Mr. Bassett was clerk
of both till 1853, when Mr. Rea was made clerk of one, Mr.
Bassett continuing in the other. In 1860, Mr. Rea was ap-
pointed to the other place, and held both till 1863, when Walt.
J. Smith, son of Judge Caleb B. Smith, was given one of the
clerkships, and he and Mr. Rea held till 1865, when the late
John D. Howland succeeded to both places, and they have not
since been separated.
UNITED STATES MARSHALS.
Robert Hanna 1841-45
David G. Rose 1861-85
R. S. Foster I88I-
POSTMASTERS (See Post-Ofpii-e).
PENSION AGENTS.2
Alexander F. Morrison (died 1857) 1857
William Henderson 1857-61
William P. Fishback 1861-64
John W. Ray 1864-66
Joseph P. Wiggins 1866-69
Charles W. Brouse 1869-73
William H. H. Terrell 1873-77
Fred. Knefler 1877-
COLLECTORS OF REVENUE.
Theodore P. H.iughey 1862-63
Dr. J. J. Wright 1863-66
Austin H.Brown 1866-69
Charles F. Hogate (died) 1869-74
Frederick Baggs^ 1874-83
Horace McKay 1883-
ASSESSORS OF REVENUE.
William A. Bradshaw 1862-66
Martin Igoe 1866-67
David Braden 1867-69
William M. Wiles (died) 1869-73
COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS.
John R. Leonard 1882
UNITED STATES SENATORS.
Robert Hanna (by appointment) 1831
Oliver H. Smith 1837-43
James Whitcomb 1849-52
Joseph A. Wright (by appointment) 1861-63
David Turpie(by appointment) 1863
Thomas A. Hendricks 1863-69
Oliver P. Morton (died in office) 1867-77
Joseph E. McDonald 1875-81
Benjamin Harrison 1881
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
Oliver H. Smith (then in Connersville) 1827-29
George L. Kinnard (blown up in a steamer j two
terms) 1833-37
William W. Wick 1839-41
David Wallace 1841-43
Caleb B. Smith (then of Connersville; three terms)... 1843-49
William J. Brown 1843-45
Joseph A. Wright 1843-45
2 The pension agency was at Madison till 1857, when it was
removed to Indianapolis. In 1861 there were about 300
pensioners on the rolls, requiring an annual aggregate pay-
ment of about $10,000. In 1877, when Gen. Knefler, the
present agent, took the office, there were between 13,000 and
14,000 pensioners on the rolls here, with an annual aggregate
payment of $1,400,000. In 1883 there were over 22,000 on the
rolls, with an annual total of pensions of $6,800,000.
' On the death of Mr. Hogate the offices of collector and
assessor were combined, and Mr. Baggs held both, as Mr.
McKay does.
494
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
William W. Wick (two terms) 1845-49
George W. Julian (then of Centreville) 1849-51
William J.Brown 1849-51
Joseph E. McDonald (then of Crawfordsville) 1849-51
Thomas A. Hendricks 1853-55
William H. English (then of Scott County ; three
terms) 1855-61
Lucien Barbour 1855-57
Albert G. Porter (two terms) 1859-63
Ebenezer Dumont (two terms) 1863-67
John Coburn (four terms) 1867-75
Franklin Landers 1875-77
Gilbert De La Matyr 1879-Sl
Stanton J. Peele (two terms) 1881-83
GOVERNORS OF INDIANA.
James Brown Ray (acting) February, 1825, to De-
[cember,
James Brown Ray (first term)
James Brown Ray (second terra)
Noah Noble (first term)
Noah Noble (second term)
David Wallace
James Whitcomb (first term)
James Wbitcombi [second term)
Joseph A. Wright (first term)
Joseph A. Wright (second term)
Abram A. Ilammond (acting) November, I860, to
[January,
Oliver P. Morton (acting) January,
Oliver P. Morton >
Conrad Baker (acting) January,
Conrad Baker
Thomas A. Hendricks
Alberto. Porter
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.
John H. Thompson
David Wallace
Abram A. Hammond
Conrad Baker
1852
1 825-28
1828-31
1831-34
1834-37
1837-40
1843-46
1846-48
1849-53
1S53-57
1861
1861-65
1865-67
1873-
1881-
SECRETARIES OF STATE.
William W. Wick
James Morrison
William Sheets
William J. Brown
William Sheets «
John H. Thompson
Charles H.Test
James S. Athon
Nelson Trusler
John H. Farquhar
William W. Curry
AUDITORS OF STATE.
Morris Morris
Douglass Slaguire
Erastus W. H. Ellis
John P. Dunn
John W. Dodd
Thomas B.McCarty
John D. Evans
John C. Shoemaker
James A. Wildman
1825-28
1834-37
1857-60
1865-67
1825-29
1829-33
183.3-37
1837-41
1841-45
1845-49
1849-53
1863-65
1865-69
1872-73
1873-75
1829^14
1847-50
1850-53
1853-55
1857-fil
1865-69
1869-71
1871-73
1873-75
^ Resigned for United States Senate.
TREASURERS OF STATE.
Samuel Merrill 1823-34
Nathan B. Palmer 1834-41
Royal Mayhew 1844-47
Samuel Hanna 1847-50
James P. Drake 1850-53
William R. NolTsinger 1855-57
Aquilla Jones 1857-59
Jonathan S. Harvey 1S61-63
James B. Ryan 1871-73
John J. Cooper 1883-
ATTORNEYS-GENERj\.L.
James Morrison from March 5, 1855
Joseph E. McDonald from Dec. 17, 1857
Oscar B. Hord from Nov. 3, 1862
James C. Denny from Nov. 6, 1872
ADJUTANT-GENERALS.2
Samuel Beck
David Reynolds 1846-
William A. Morrison 1853-
Lewis Wallace 1861-
Lazarus Noble 1861-65
William H. H. Terrell 1865-70
J. G. Greenawalt 1870-73
William W. Conner 1873-77
George W. Russ 1877-81
James R. Carnahan 1881-
SUPERINTENDBNTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
William C. Larrabee 1852-55
William C. Larrabee 1857-59
Samuel L. Rugg 1859-61
Miles J. Fletcher (killed on cars) 1861-62
Samuel K. Hoshour (by appointment) 1862-63
Samuel L. Rugg '. 1863-65
George AV. Hoss 1863-65
George W. Hoss 1865-67
STATE LIBRARIANS.
John Cook 1841-43
Samuel P. Daniels 1843-45
John B.Dillon 1845-51
Nathaniel Bolton 1851-55
M. G. C. W. Tanner 1855-57
S. D. Lyons 1857-59
David .Stephenson 1863-65
B. F.Foster 1865-69
Moses G.McClain 18G9-71
Sarah A. Oren 1873-75
JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
Isaac Blackford 1817-53
Samuel E. Perkins 1846-65
Addison L. Roache 1853-65
Samuel B. Gookins 1854-57
2 Until the occurrence of the Mexican war the office of adju-
tant-general was merely nominal, and the records show nothing
of the occupants or terms. From the closing up of the business
made by the Mexican war, during which Mr. Reynolds held the
office, till the outbreak of the civil war, it lapsed into its former
animportance. Since the civil war it has been a place of much
' business and responsibility.
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
495
Charles A. Ray (son of James M. Ray 1 1865-71
Samuel E. Perkins (died) 1877-79
Byron K. Elliott 1881-
CLERKS OF SUPREME COURT.
Henry P. Coburn 1820-52
William B. Beach 1852-60
Lazarus Noble 1864-68
Gabriel Schmuck 1876-80
Jonathan W. Gordon (by appointment) 18S2-83
REPORTERS OF SUPREME COURT.
Isaac Blackford (by his own appointment) 1817-50
Albert G. Porter (by law) 185.V57
M. Gordon C. W. Tanner 1857-61
Benjamin Harrison 1864-69
James B. Black 1869-77
STATE SENATORS.
James Gregory, session of 1825-26.
Calvin Fletcher, session of 1826-27, 1827-28, 1828-29, 1829-
30, 18.S0-31, 1831-32, 1832-33.
Alexander F. Morrison, session of 1833-34.
Henry Brady, session of 1834-35, 1835-36, 1836-37, 1837-38,
1838-39, 1839-40.
Robert Hanna, session of 1840-41.
Nathaniel West, session of 1841-42, 1842-43.
Thomas J. Todd, session of 1843-44, 1844-45, 1845-46.
William Stewart, session of 1846-47, 1847-48, 1848-49.
Nicholas McCarty, session of 1849-50, 1850-51, 1851-52.
Percy Hosbrook, session of 1853, 1855.
John S. Bobb.<=, session of 1857, 1859, special of 1858.
Horatio C. Newcomb, session of 1861.
John C. New, session of 1863.
William C. Thompson, session of 1865, 1867, special of 1865.
John Cavcn, session of 1869, 1871.
Sims A. Colley, session of 1869.
Elijah B. Martindale, session of 1871.
William C. Thompson, session of 1873, 1875, special of 1872.
Dandridge H. Oliver, session of 1873, 1875, special of 1872.
J. J. Maxwell, session of 1875.
Addison C. Harris, session of 1877, 1879.
Abel D. Streight, session of 1877, 1879.
George W. Grubbs, session of 1879.
Flavius J. Van Verbis, session of 1881, 1883.
George H. Chapman, session of 1881.
Simon P. Yancey, session of 1881, 1883.
William B. Fletcher, session of 1883.
STATE REPRESENTATIVES.
James Paxton. session of 1823-24.
John Conner, session of 1824-25.
James Paxton, session of 1825-26.
Morris Morris, session of 1826-27.
George L. Kinnard, session of 1827-28, 1828-29, 1829-30.
Ale.\ander W. Russell, session of 1830-31.
Henry Brady, session of 1831-32.
Robert Hanna, session of 1832-33.
Henry Brady, session of 1833-34.
Jeremiah Johnson, session of 1834—35.
Austin W. Morris, session of 1835-36, 1836-37.
Bt>hcrt Hanna, session of 1836-37, 1837-38, 1838-39.
Alexander F. Morrison, session of 1837-38.
James Johnson, session of 1838-39, 1839-40.
Philip Swectser, session of 1839-40, 1840-41.
Israel Harding, session of 1840-41, 1841-42.
Williairi J. Brown, session of 1841-12, 1842-43.
Thomas Johnson, session of 1842-43.
John Sutherland, session of 1843-44.
Obadiah Harris, session of 184.3-44.
John L. Bruce, session of 1844-45.
John M. Jamison, session of 1344-45.
Nathaniel B. Webber, session of 1845-46.
Young E. R. M'ilson, session of 1845-46.
S. V. B. Noel, session of 1846-47.
W. M. Moore, session of 1846-47.
Samuel Harding, session of 1846-47, 1847-48.
Hervey Brown, session of 1847-48.
Henry Brady, session of 1848-49.
Arthur St. Clair Vance, session of 1848-49.
James P. Drake, session of 1848-49.
Isaac W. Hunter, session of 1849-50.
William Robson, session of 1849-50.
John Coburn, session of 1850-51.
Benjamin Morgan, session of 1850-51,
Percy Hosbrook, session of 1850-51.
Henry Brady, session of 1851-52.
Isaac Smith, session of 1851-52.
Jesse Price, session of 1853.
George P. Buell, session of 1853.
Robert N. Todd, session of 1857.
Jonathan AY. Gordon, session of 1857, 1859, special of 1858,
Isaac N. Cotton, session of 1859, special of 1858.
James H. Turner, session of 1861.
William H. Kendrick, session of ,1861, 1863.
John C. Tarkington, session of 1863.
Horatio C. Newcomb, session of 1865, 1867, special of 1865.
James M. McVey, session of 1865, special of 1865.
Emsley Hamilton, session of 1867.
Fielding Beeler, session of 1869, 1871.
Ambrose P. Stanton, session of 1869,
James M. Ruddle, session of 1869, 1871.
T. J. Vater, session of 1869.
Oliver M. Wilson, session of 1871.
Edward King, session of 1871, 1873, special of 1872.
Nathan Kimball, session of 1873, special of 1872.
John J. W. Billingsley, session of 187.3, special of 1872.
Edward T. Johnson, session of 1873, special of 1872.
E. C. Kennedy, session of 1875.
James Hopkins, session of 1875.
James L. Thompson, session of 1875.
David Turpie, session of 1875.
John E. McGaughey, session of 1877.
William H. Craft, session of 1877.
Stanton J. Peele, session of 1877.
Justus C. Adams, session of 1877.
J. B. Connor, session of 1879.
Jonathan W. Gordon, session of 1879.
William W. Herod, session of 1879.
C. B. Robinson, session of 1879.
William E. English, session of 1879.
Nelson B. Berryman, session of 1881.
Vinson Carter, session of 1881.
Isaac N. Cotton, session of 1881.
John W. Furnas, session of 1881.
James S. Hinton (colored), session of 1881.
Thomas MeShcehy, session of 1881.
William D. Bynuto, session of 1883.
John C. Fcrriter, session of 1883.
Elisha J. Howland, session of 1883.
Bellamy S. Sutton, session of 1883.
Jesse Whitsit, session of 1883.
John R. Wilson, session of 1883.
496
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
SHERIFFS OF MARION COUNTY.
Hervey Bates, Jan. 1, 1822, to Aug. 26, 1824.
Alexander W. Russell, Aug. 26, 1824, to Aug. 28, 1828.
Jacob Landis, Aug. 28, 1828, to Aug. 21, 18.32.
Israel Philips, Aug. 21, 1832, to Aug. 9, 1836.
Corson Vickers, Aug. 9, 1836, to Aug. 1, 1840. Resigned.
John B. Ferguson, Aug. 8, 1840, to Aug. 1, 1842.
Banner Lawhead, Aug. 1, 1842, to Aug. 19, 1844.
Alexander W. Russell, Aug. 19, 1844, to Aug. 19, 1848.
Charles C. Campbell, Aug. 19, 1848, to Got. 12, 1852.
Isaac W. Hunter, Oct. 23, 1852, to Oct. 24^ 1854.
John E. Foudray, Oct. 24, 1854, to Nov. 12, 1858. Resigned.
William J. Wallace, Nor. 12, 1858, to June 27, 1859.
John F. Gulick, June 27, 1859, to June 6, 1860. Resigned.
William J. AVallace, June 6, 1860, to Dec. 9, 1862. Resigned.
William J. H. Robinson, Dec. 9, 1862, to Dec. 9, 1866.
George W. Parker, Deo. 9, 1866, to Deo. 9, 1870.
Nicholas R. Ruckle, Dec. 9, 1870, to Dec. 9, 1874.
Albert Reisner, Dec. 9, 1874, to Dec. 9, 1876.
John T. Pressley, Deo. 9, 1876, to Dec. 9, 1880.
Henry C. Adams, Dec. 9, 1880, to Dec. 9, 1882.
James W. Hess, Dec. 9, 1882, for two years.
CORONERS.
George Smith, Sept. 28, 1822, to Aug. 8, 1825. Resigned.
Harris Tyner, June 24, 1826, to Oct. 12, 1829.
Fleming T. Luse, Oct. 12, 1829, to Sept. 8, 1831.
Joel Blackledge, Sept. 8, 1831, to Aug. 31, 1833.
Ahira Wells, Aug. 31, 1833, to' Sept. I, 1837.
Joel Blackledge, Sept. 1, 1837, to Nov. 14, 1837. Resigned.
Harris Tyner, Nov. 28, 1837, to Sept. 1, 1838.
Thomas N. Thomas, Sept. 1, 1838, to Sept. 1, 1842.
Jacob Smock, Sept. I, 1842, to Sept. 4, 1844.
Andrew Smith, Sept. 4, 1844, to Oct. 17, 1848.
Peter F. Newland, Oct. 17, 1848, to Sept. 24, 1850.
William W. Weaver, Sept. 24, 1850, to Aug. 15, 1831. Resigned.
Andrew Smith, Aug. 16, 1851, to Aug. 13, 1853.
George Newland, Aug. 15, 1853, to .\ug. 15, 1855.
Thomas N. Thomas, Aug. 15, 1855, to Aug. 15, 1857.
John Moffitt, Aug. 15, 1857, to Aug. 13, 1861.
Garrison W. Albred, Aug. 13, 1861, to Oct. 24, 1870.
James H. Hedges, Oct. 24, 1870, to Oct. 24, 1872.
Samuel C. Tomlinson, Oct. 24, 1872, to Oct. 24, 1874.
James H. Fuller, Oct. 24, 1874, to Oct. 24, 1876.
William H. Wishard, Oct. 24, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Allison Maxwell, Oct. 23, 1880, to Nov..l0, 1884.
COONTY COMMISSIONERS.
Jesse Wright, Aug. 1, 1S3I, to Aug. 4, 1834.
Harris Tyner, Aug. 1, 1831, to March, 1S.'!3.
Thomas O'Neal, Aug. 1, 1831, to March, 1833.
Andrew Hoover, Aug. 4, 1834, to March, 1833.
Jesse Wright, Aug. 7, 1837, to Aug. .3, 1840.
John Williams, Aug. 7, 1837, to Aug. 5, 1839.
James Turner, Aug. 7, 1837, to Aug. 5, 1839.
Thomas Johnson, Aug. 5, 1839, to Aug. 2, 1841.
Asa B. Strong, Aug. 5, 1839, to Aug. 3, 1840.
Isaac Pugh, .■Vug. 3, 1840, to Aug. 7, 1843.
Harris Tyner, Aug. 2, 1841, to Aug. 5, 1844.
James Mcllvain, Aug. 2, 1841, to Aug. 1, 1842.
John McFall, Aug. 1, 1842, to Aug. 4, 1845.
Isaac Pugh, Aug. 7, 1843, to Aug. 3, 1846.
Harris Tyner, Aug. 5, 1844, to Aug. 2, 1847.
John McFall, Aug. 4, 1845, to Aug. 7, 1848.
David Marrs, Aug. 3, 1846, to Aug. 6, 1849.
Harris Tyner, Aug. 2, 1847, to Aug. 5, 1850.
Aaron Aldrige, Aug. 7, 1848, to Aug. 4, 1851.
Thomas F. Stout, Aug. 6, 1849, to Aug. 2, 1852.
Matthew R. Hunter, Aug. 5, 1850, to Aug. 1, 1833.
Powell Howland, Aug. 4, 1851, to Aug. 7, 1854.
Henry P. Todd, Aug. 2, 1852, to Nov. 1, 1853.
Matthew R. Hunter, Aug. 1, 1853, to Nov. 1, 1836.
Powell Howland, Aug. 7, 1854, to Nov. 1, 1856.
James Blake, Oct. 13, 1833, to Nov. 1, 1858.
Abraham C. Logan, Nov. 1, 1855, to Oct. 9, 1856. Died.
Henry P. Todil, Oct. 9, 1856, to Nov. 1, 1856.
Thomas W. Council, Nov. 1, 1836, to Nov. 1, 1858.
Levi A. Hardesty, Nov. 1, 1836, to Nov. 1, 1839.
Thomas Johnson, Nov. 1, 1857, to October, 1860.
Samuel Moore, Nov. 1, 1858, to October, 1861.
Levi A. Hardesty, Nov. 1, 1859, to October, 1862.
George Bruce, October, I860, to October, 1863.
Samuel Moore, October, 1861, to October, 1864.
Levi A. Hardesty, October, 1862, to Dec. 31, 1863. Resigned.
George Bruce, October, 1663, to October, 1866.
Lorenzo Vanscyoc, Deo. 31, 1863, to October, 1863.
Samuel Moore, October, 1864, to November, 1867.
Lorenzo Vanscyoc, October, 1863, to November, 1868.
Joseph K. English, October, 1866, to November, 1869.
Aaron McCray, November, 1867, to Oct. 25, 1873.
Lorenzo Vanscyoc, November, 1868, to Oct. 27, 1871.
John Armstrong, Oct. 24, 1870, to Oct. 25, 1873.
Samuel .S. Rumford, Oct. 27, 1871, to Oct. 24, 1874.
Charles A. Howland, Oct. 25, 1873, to Oct. 25, 187B.
Alexander Jameson, Oct. 23, 1873, to Oct. 23, 1876.
Samuel Cory, Oct. 24, 1874, to Oct. 24, 1877.
Allison C. Romy, Oct. 25, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1879.
William Worman, Oct. 25, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1879.
Jacob Rubush, Oct. 27, 1877, to Oct. 24, 1880.
George F. McGinnis, Oct. 25, 1879, to July 13, 1881. Resigned.
Moses Allen, Oct. 25, 1879, to Nov. 20, 1882.
John H. Smith, Oct. 24, 1880, to Nov. 5, 1883.
Jonathan M. Ridenour, Aug. 1, 1881, to Nov. 20, 1882.
Frederick Ostermeyer, Nov. 20, 1882, to Nov. 20, 1885.
Joseph Loftin. Nov. 20, 1882, to Nov. 20, 1885.
Wharton R. Clinton, Nov. 3, 1883, to Nov. 5, 1886.
RECORDERS.
Joseph C. Reed, April 8, 1822, to April 8, 1829.
James M. Ray, April 8, 1829, to Feb. 13, 1834. Resigned.
Livingston Dunlap, Feb. 13, 1834, to Aug. 14, 1834.
Lewis C. Lewis, Aug. 14, 1834, to Aug. 12, 1848.
Charles Stephens, Aug. 12, 1848, to Aug. 19, 1833.
Alex.nnder G. Wallace, Aug. 19, 1855, to Aug. 19, 1863.
William J. Elliott, Aug. 19, 1863, to Aug. 19, 1871.
Benjamin F. Johnson, Aug. 19, 1871, to March 5, 1872. Died.
Daniel C. Greenfield, March 5, 1872, to March 27, 1875. Died.
Edward M. Wilmington, March 27, 1875, to Oct. 23, 1876.
Calvin F. Darnell, Oct. 23, 1876, to Oct. 23, 1880.
Jacob L. Bieler, Oct. 25, 1880, to Oct. 24, 1884.
William F. Keay, Oct. 24, 1884, for four years.
COUNTY CLERKS.
James M. Ray, April 1, 1822, to Feb. 13, 1834. Resigned.
Joseph M. Moore, Feb. 13, 1834, to March 2.5, 1834.
Robert B. Duncan, March 25, 1834, to March 8, 1850.
William Stewart, March 8, 1830, to Nov. 20, 1856. Died.
John C. New, Nov. 22, 1856, to Nov. 2, 1861.
William Wallace, Nov. 2, 1861, to Nov. 2, 1865.
William C. Smock, Nov. 2, 1865, to Oct. 24, 1870.
William J. Wallace, Oct. 24, 1870, to Oct. 24, 1874.
Austin H. Brown, Oct. 24, 1874, to Oct. 24, 1878.
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
49T
Daniel M. Ransdell, Oct. 24, 1878, to Nov. 10, 1882.
Moses G. McCIain, Not. 10, 1882, for four years.
COUNTY TREASURERS.
Daniel Yandes, April 16, 1822, to Jan. 7, 1828.
John Johnson, Jan. 7, 1828, to Nov. 7, 1832. Resigned.
Thomas B. Johnson, Nov. 7, 1832, to March 5, 1838.
John B. E. Reed, March 5, 1838, to Sept. 3, 1838.
Charles Stephens, Sept. 4, 1838, to Aug. 9, 1841.
Jacob Landis, Aug. 9, 1841, to Aug. 10, 1847.
John M. Talbot, Aug. 10, 1847, to Sept. 3, 1850.
Willis W. Wright, Sept. 3, 1850, to Sept. 3, 1855.
Jesse Jones, Sept. 3, 1855, to Sept. 3, 1859.
Thomas D. Barker, Sept. 3, 1859, to Sept. 3, 1861.
John L. Brown, Sept. 3, 1861, to Sept. 3, 1863.
George F. Meyer, Sept. 3, 1863, to Sept. 3, 1867.
Arthur L. Wright, Sept. 3, 1867, to Sept. 3, 1869.
Frank Erdelmeyer, Sept. 3, 1869, to Sept. 3, 1871.
Benjamin F. Riley, Sept. 3, 1871, to Sept. 3, 1875.
Jackson Landers, Sept. 3, 1875, to Sept. 3, 1877.
Samuel Hanway, Sept. 3, 1877, to Sept. 3, 1879.
Sample Loftin, Sept. 3, 1S79, to Sept. 3, 1881.
John L. Mothershead, Sept. 3, 1881, to Sept. 3, 1883.
William G. Wasson, Sept. 3, 1883, for two years.
COUNTY AUDITORS.
John W. Hamilton, Aug. 9, 1841, to Nov. 1, 1855.
Austin H. Brown, Nov. 1, 1855, to Nov. 1, 1859.
Jacob T. Wright, Nov. 1, 1859, to Nov. 2, 1867.
George F. McGinnis, Nov. 2, 1867, to Nov. 2, 1871.
Francis W. Hamilton, Nov. 2, 1871, to Nov. 2, 1875.
William R. Sproule, Nov. 2, 1875, to Nov. 2, 1879.
William A. Pfaff, Nov. 2, 1879, to Nov. 2, 1883.
Justus C. Adams, Nov. 2, 1883, for four years.
COUNTY ASSESSORS.
James Paxton (appointed), April 17, 1822, to Feb. 11, 1823.
Aaron Lambeth (appointed), Feb. 11, 1823, to Feb. 11, 1824.
Jacob Landis (appointed), Feb. 11, 1824, to Jan. 2, 1826.
George L. Kinnard (iippointed), Jan. 2, 1826, to Jan. 1, 1827.
John McColIum (elected), Dec. 6, 1841, to Dec. 1, 1845.
Ahira Wells (elected), Dec. 1, 1845, to Deo. 6, 1847.
Thomas McFarland (elected), Dec. 6, 1847, to Dec. 6, 1849.
Samuel Vanlaningham (elected), Dec. 6, 1849, to October, 1852.
Anthony Wiese (elected), Aug. 1, 1873, to Nov. 1, 1874.
Andrew J. Vansickle (elected), Nov. 1, 1874, to March, 1875.
COUNTY COLLECTORS OF REVENUE.
Harris Tyner, May 15, 1822, to 1823.
Hcrvey Bates, 1823, to Feb. U, 1824.
Jeremiah Johnson, Feb. 11, 1824, to Jan. .3, 1825.
Alexander W. Russell, Jan. 3, 1825, to May 6, 1828.
Jacob Landis, May 6, 1828, to May 2, 1831.
Andrew Wilson, May 2, 1831, to May 7, 1832.
George TafTe, May 7, 1832, to May 6, 1833.
Asa B. Strong, May 6, 1833, to May 5, 1835.
Corson Vickers, .May 5, 1835, to April 18, 1836.
Israel Phillips, April 18, 1836, to May 1, 1837.
Corson Vickers, May 1, 1837, till the office was abolished in
1841.
COUNTY SURVEYORS.
Isaac Kinder, Feb. 19, 1827, to Nov. 7, 1831.
George L. Kinnard, Dec. 12, 1831, to March 25, 1835.
Isaac Kinder, April 6, 1835, to Oct. 2, 1835. Resigned.
Robert B. Hanna, Oct. .3, 1835, to Nov. 7, 1836. Resigned.
William Sullivan, Nov. 11, 1836, to Nov. 11, 1839.
Robert B. Hanna, March 19, 1840, to March 25, 1843. Resigned.
Isaac Kinder, Nov. 24, 1843, to June 8, 1847. Resigned.
Lazarus B. Wilson, Sept. 1, 1847, to March 9, 1848. Resigned.
Percy Hosbrook, March 10, 1848, to Sept. 4, 1850.
Daniel B. Hosbrook, Sept. 4, 1850, to Nov. 6, 1854.
William A. Curran, Nov. 6, 1854, to Nov. 12, 1856.
William P. Case, Nov. 12, 1856, to June 9, 1858. Resigned.
Royal Mayhew, June 9, 1858, to Oct. 27, 1860.
Oliver W. Voorhis, Oct. 27, 1860, to Nov. 12, 1874.
William H. Morrison, Nov. 12, 1874, to Jan. 18, 1875. Died.
Hervey B. Fatout, Feb. 5, 1876, to Nov. 10, 1884.
SCHOOL LAND COMMISSIONERS.
John M. Frazee, November, 1829, to Jan. 8, 1833.
Abram W. Harrison, Jan. 8, 1833, to Nov. 4, 1833.
Thomas H. Sharpe, Nov. 4, 1833, to Sept. 6, 1834.
AVilliam Hannaman, Sept. 6, 1834, to March 11, 1842.
John L. Mothershe.ad, March 17, 1842, to Sept. 7, 1842.
Elias N. Shimer, Sept. 7, 1842, to March 7, 1844.
Moore Galway, March 8, 1844, to Sept. 6, 1844.
Aquilla Parker, Sept. 6, 1844.
SCHOOL EXAMINERS.
George M. Darrock, Dec. 5, 1854, to July 11, 1860.
Lawrence Waldo, March 6, 1856, to March 1, 1857.
Silas T. Bowen, March 1, 1857, to March 1, 1860.
George W. Hoss, July 11, 1860, to March 1, 1861.
Cyrus Smith, March 1, 1861, to Sept. 5, 1865.
Pleasant Bond, Sept. 5, 1865, to Sept. 4, 1867.
William A. Bell, Sept. 4, 1867, to June 4, 1873.
COUNTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS.
Walter S. Smith, June 4, 1873, to June 9, 1875.
Lea P. Harlan, June 9, 1875, to June 11, 1885.
DIRECTORS COUNTY ASYLUM.
Abraham Coble, May 8, 1832, to — .
William McCaw, May 8, 1832, to—.
Carey Smith, to May 7, 1833. Resigned.
Samuel McCormick, May 7, 1833, to Jan. 7, 1834.
Isaac Pugh, Jan. 7, 1834, to Jan. 4, 1836.
James Johnson, Jan. 7, 1834, to Jan. 4, 1836.
William Logan, Jan. 7, 1834, to Jan. 4, 1836.
Isaac Pugh, Jan. 4, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
James Johnson, Jan. 4, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
James Johnson, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 2, 1838.
Samuel McCray, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 2, 1838.
Abraham Coble, Jan. 2, 1838, to Nov. 6, 1839.
William MoCaw, Jan. 2, 1838, to Nov. 6, 1839.
George Lockerbie, Nov. 6, 1839, to March 1, 1841.
Thomas F. Stout, Nov. 6, 1839, to March 1, 1841.
SUPERINTENDENTS COUNTY ASYLUM.
James H. Higgenbotham, March 1, 1841, to March 1, 1847.
Ruth Higgenbotham, March 1, 1847, to March 1, 1850.
Henry Fisher, March 1, 1850, to March 1, 1851.
Firmin Stout, March 1, 1851, to March 1, 1852.
Henry Fisher, March 1, 1852, to March 1, 1854.
Titus Baker, March 1, 1854, to March 1, 1857.
John Felly, March 1, 1857, to March 1, 1858.
William H. Watts, March 1, 1858, to March 1, 1860.
John Adams, March 1, 1860, to March 1, 1863.
William H. Watts, March 1, 1S63, to March 1, 1864.
Levi A. Hardesty, March 1, 1864, to March 1, 1867.
Parker S. Carson, March 1, 1867, to March 1, 1868.
Joseph L. Fisher, March 1, 1868, to March 1, 1872.
498
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Samuel Royster, March 1, 1872, to March 1, 1878.
Lawrence Logsdon, March 1, 1S78, to March 1, 1879.
Peter M. Wright, March 1, 1879, to March 1, 1885.
COUNTY PHYSICIANS.
Charles Parry, Sept. 9, 1840, to Sept. 7, 1841.
David Yeakle, Sept. 7, 1841, to March 10, 1842.
Livingston Dunlap, March 10, 1842, to March 8, 1843.
John S. Bobbs, March 8, 1843, to March 1, 1844.
Livingston Dunlap, March 8, 1843, to March 1, 1844.
John H. Parry,-March I, 1844, to March 1, 1847.
Charles Saunders, March 1, 1844, to March 1, 1847.
John H. Parry, March 1, 1847, to March 1, 1850.
John M. Gaston, March 1, 1847, to March 1, 1850.
Livingston Dunlap, March 1, 1850, to March 8, 1851.
Alois D. Gall, March 1, 1850, to March 8, 1851.
John F. Merrill, March 8, 1851, to March 8, 1852.
Fitch C. Fisher, March S, 1851, to March 8, 1852.
David Funkhouser, March 8, 1852, to June 8, 1853.
George W. Mears, March 8, 1852, to June 8, 1853.
Livingston Dunlap, June 8, 1853, to June 8, 1854.
Nicholas J. Dorsey, June 8, 1853, to June 8, 1855.
David Funkhouser, June 8, 1855, to June 1, 1857.
Thomas B. Elliott, June 1, 1857, to June 15, 1859.
Michael J. Lynch, June 15, 1859, to Dec. 6, 1860.
Clay Brown, Dec. 6, 1860, to Dec. 6, 1861.
Mansur H. Wright, Dec. 6, 1861, to Dec. 6, 1863.
Robert N. Todd, Dec. 6, 1863, to Dec. 6, 1865.
John M. Phipps, Dec. 6, 1865, to Dec. 6, 1866.
James W. Bigelow, Dec. 6, 1866, to Dec. 6, 1867.
William Wands, Deo. 6, 1867, to Dec. 7, 1870.
PHYSICIANS AT COUNTY ASYLUM.
H. H. Moore, Dec. 7, 1870, to March 1, 1873.
P. Henry Jameson, March 1, 1873, to Feb. 1, 1877.
Samuel M. Davis, Feb. 1, 1877, to Feb. 23, 1879.
Harry Peachee, Fob. 23, 1879, to Feb. 23, 1881.
W. D. Culbertson, Feb. 23, 1881, to Feb. 23, 1882.
C. A. Ritter, Feb. 23, 1882, to March 1, 1883.
Theodore A. Wagner, March 1, 1883, to March 1, 1885.
RESIDENT PHYSICIAN OF THE COUNTY ASYLUM.
Orange G. Pfaff. March 1, 1883, to March 1, 1885..
JUDGES -OF THE PROBATE COURT.
John C. Hume. Aug. 15, 1829, to Aug. 17, 1836.
Robert Patterson, Aug. 17, 1836, to Sept. 23, 1850.
Adam Wright, Sept. 23, 1850, to Oct. 13, 1851. Died.
Samuel Cory, Oct. 14, 1851, till the court was abolished in 1852.
PRESIDENT JUDGES OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.
William W. Wick, Feb. 7, 1822, to Jan. 20, 1825. Resigned.
Bethuel F. Morris, Jan. 20, 1825, to Nov. 13, 1834. Resigned.
William W. Wick, Dec. 4, 1834, to Aug. 2, 1838. Resigned.
James Morrison, Aug. 2, 1838, to Aug. 10, 1842. Resigned.
William Quarles, commissioned Aug. 15, 1842. Not accepted.
Stephen Major, commissioned Sept. 28, 1842. Not accepted.
William J. Peaslee, Dec. 16, 1842, to Sept. 17, 1849. Resigned.
William W. Wick, Sept. 17, 1849, to Oct. 23, 1852.
JUDGES OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.
AVilliam W. Wick, Oct. 23, 1852, to May 1, 1853. Resigned.
Stephen Major, May 1, 1853, to Sept. 5, 1859. Resigned.
William W. Wick, Sept. 5, 1859, to Oct. 24, 1859. Resigned.
Fabius M. Finch, Oct. 24, 1859, to Oct. 27, 1865.
John Coburn, Oct. 27, 1865, to Sept. 24, 1866. Resigned.
John T. Dye, Sept. 24, 1866, to Nov. 3, 1866.
Cyrus C. Hynes, Nov. 3, 1866, to Nov. 5, 1870.
John S. Tarkington, Nov. 5, 1870, to Oct. 26, 1872. Resigned.
Livingston Howland, Oct. 26, 1872, to Dec. 28, 1876. Resigned.
Jacob B.Julian, Dec. 28, 1876, to Oct. 14, 1878.
Joshua G. Adams, Oct. 14, 1878, to Oct. 14, 1884.
Alexander C. Ayres, Oct. 14, 1884, for six years.
ASSOCIATE JUDGES OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.
James Mollvain, April 8, 1822, to April 25, 1825. Resigned.
Eliakin Harding, April 8, 1822, to Dec. 15, 1826. Resigned.
George Smith, Aug. 8, 1825, to April 8, 1836.
James Mcllvain, Fob. 12, 1827, to April 8, 1829.
Joshua Stevens, April 8, 1829, to April 8, 1836.
Adam Wright, April 8, 1836, to April 8, 1850.
Thomas O'Neal, April 8, 1836, to April 8, 1843.
Daniel R. Smith, April 8, 1843, till the office was abolished in
1851.
Samuel Cory, April 8, 1843, till the office was abolished in 1851.
JUDGES OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
Abram A. Hammond, Jan. 12, 1849, to March 20, 1850.
Edward Lander, March 26, 1850, to Oct. 26, 1852.
Levi L. Todd, Oct. 26, 1852, to Oct. 29, 1856.
David Wallace, Oct. 29, 1856, to Sept. 4, 1859. Died.
John Coburn, Oct. 24, 1859, to Sept. 30, 1860. Resigned.
Charles A. Ray, Sept. 30, 1860, to Dec. 7, 1864. Resigned.
Solomon Blair, Dec. 13, 1864, to March 3, 1871. Resigned.
Livingston Howland, March 3, 1871, to Oct. 24, 1872.
William Irwin, Oct. 24, 1872, till the court was abolished in
May, 1873.
JUDGES OF THE CRIMINAL COURT.
George H. Chapman, Deo. 27, 1865, to Oct. 24, 1870.
Byron K. Elliott, Oct. 24, 1870, to Nov. 16, 1872.
Charles H. Test, Nov. 16, 1872, to Oct. 22, 1874.
Edward C. Buskirk, Oct. 22, 1874, to Oct. 23, 1878.
James E. Heller, Oct. 23, 1878, to Oct. 24, 1882.
Pierce Norton, Oct. 24, 1882, for four years.
JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOR COURT.
Room 1.
Frederick Rand, Feb. 25, 1871, to Aug. 24, 1872. Resigned.
Samuel E. Perkins, Aug. 24, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1877. Resigned.
John A. Holman, Jan. 1, 1877, to Nov. 20, 1882.
Napoleon B. Taylor, Nov. 20, 1882, to Nov. 20, 1886.
Room 2.
Solomon Blair, March 3, 1871, to Nov. 3, 1876.
Daniel W. Howe, Nov. 3, 1876, to Nov. 18, 1886.
Room 3.
Horatio C. Newcomb, Feb. 25, 1871, to Sept. 18, 1876.
Harry M. Burns, Sept. 19, 1876, to Oct. 24, 1876.
Byron K. Elliott, Oct. 24, 1876, to Oct. 27, 1880.
Lewis C. Walker, Oct. 27, 1880, to Oct. 27, 1888.
Ko
i.
Myron B. Williams, March 10, 1877, to Oct. 28, 1878.
David V. Burns, Oct. 28, 1878, till the court was abolished in
May, 1879.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.
Calvin Fletcher, Sept. 26, 1822, to Nov. 8, 1823.
Hervey Gregg, Nov. 8, 1823, to Aug. 9, 1825.
Calvin Fletcher, Aug. 9, 1825, to Aug. 28, 1826.
James Whitcomb, Aug. 28, 1826, to Jan. 14, 1829.
CIVIL LIST OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
49!)
William W. Wick, Jan. 14, 1829, to Jan. 14, 1831.
William Brown, Jan. 14, 1831, to Jan. 14, 1833.
William Herod, Jan. 14, 1833, to Deo. 11, 18.^8.
William Quarles, Dec. 11, 1838, to April 13, 1839.
William J. Peaslce, April 13, IS.iy, to J.in. 25, 1841.
Hugh O'Neal, Jan. 29, 1841, to Jan. 29, 1843.
Abram A. Hammond, Jan. 29, 1843, to Jan. 29, 1847.
Edward Lander, Jan. 29, 1S47, to Aug. 27, 1851.
David S. Gooding, Aug. 27, 1851, to Oct. 23, 1852.
Reuben A. Riley, Oct. 23, 1852, to Oct. 27, 1854.
De Witt C. Chipman, Oct. 27, 1854, to Nov. 2, 1856.
Peter S. Kennedy, Nov. 2, 1856, to Nov. 2, 1858.
William P. Fishback, Nov. 2, 1858, to Oct. 4, 1862. Resigned.
William W. Leathers, Oct. 4, 1862, to Dec. 27, 1865.
PROSECUTING AtTORNEYS OF THE CRIMINAL
COURT.
William W. Leathers, Dec. 27, 1865, to Nov. 25, 1867.
John S. Duncan, Nov. 25, 1867, to Nov. 3, 1870.
Henry C. Giiffin, Nov. 3, 1870, to Nov. 3, 1872.
Robert P. Parker, Nov. 3, 1872, to Nov. 3, 1874.
James M. Cropsey, Nov. 3, 1874, to Nov. 3, 1876.
James E. Heller, Nov. 3, 1876, to Oct. 22, 1878.
John B. Elam, Oct. 22, 1878, to Nov. 17, 1882. .
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.
John Denton, Oct. 26, 1874, to Oct. 26, 1876.
Joshua G. Adams, Oct. 26, 1876, to Oct. 26, 1878.
Richard B. Blake, Oct. 26, 1878, to Oct. 26, 1880.
Newton M. Taylor, Oct. 26, 1880, to Nov. 17, 1832.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY OF THE CIRCUIT AND
CRIMINAL COURTS.
William T. Brown, Nov. 17, 1882, to Nov. 17, 1884.'
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS OF THE COURT OF
COMMON PLEAS.
John T. Morrison, Oct. 25, 1852, to Oct. 24, 1854.
Jonathan W. Gordon, Oct. 24, 1854, to Jan. 30, 1856. Resigned.
Richard J. Ryan, Jan. 20, 1856, to Oct. 28, 1856.
John S. Tarkington, Oct. 28, 1856, to Oct. 28, 1S58.
James N. Swectser, Oct. 28, 1858, to Oct. 26, 1860.
John C. Buffkin, Oct. 26, 1860, to Nov. 1, 1864.
William W. Woolen, Nov. 1, 1864, to Nov. 2, 1868.
William Irvin, Nov. 2, 1868, to Nov. 2, 1870.
David V. Burns, Nov. 2, 1870, to Nov. 2, 1872.
Robert E. Smith, Nov. 2, 1872, till the court was abolished
in May, 1873.
COUNTY BOARD OF JUSTICES.''
1824-25.
Prest., Joel Wright, May 11, 1822, Washington and Lawrence
townships.
William D. Rooker, May 11, 1822, Washington and Lawrence
townships.
John C. Hume, June 19, 1824, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, February, 1824, Wayne township.
' The prosecuting attorneys of the Circuit Court were re-
placed by those of the Criminal Court from 1865 to 1874.
Then there was a prosecutor for each until 1882, when the
offices were combined.
' The date in county boards of justices is the date of election
always.
Abraham Hendricks, May 11, 1822, Wayne township. Removed
from township.
William Logan, Jan. 29, 1825, W.ayne township.
.Toseph Beeler, Aug. 30, 1823. Decatur township.
Peter Harmonson, May 11, 1822, Perry .and Franklin town-
ships.
Henry D. Bell, Feb. 22, 1823, Perry and Franklin townships.
Wilks Reagin, May 25, 1822, Centre and Warren townships.
Obed Foote, May 25, 1822, Centre and Warren townships.
Lismnnd Basye, May 25, 1822, Centre and Warren townships.
1825-26.
Prest., Joseph Beeler, Decatur township.
Joel Wright, Washington and Lawrence townships. Resigned
Sept. 5, 1825.
William D. Rooker, Washington and Lawrence townships.
Hiram Bacon, Oct. 1, 1825, Washington and Lawrence town-
ships.
John C. Hume, Pike township.
Jacob Sheets, July 30, 1825, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, Wayne township.
William Logan, Wayne township.
Peter Harmonson, Perry and Franklin townships.
Henry D. Bell, Perry and Franklin townships.
Obed Foote, Centre township.
Wilks Reagin, Centre township. Resigned April 15, 1826.
Lismund Basye, Centre township.
Caleb Scudder, June 3. 1826, Centre township.
Rufus Jenison, June 3, 1826, Warren township.
1826-27.
Prest., Joseph Beeler, Decatur township.
Joel Wright, July 2, 1827, Washington township.
William D. Rooker, Washington township. Term expired.
Hiram Bacon, Washington township.
John C. Hume, Pike township. Resigned May 16, 1827.
Jacob Sheets, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, Wayne township.
William Logan, Wayne township.
Peter Harmonson, Perry and Franklin townships.
Henry D. Bell, Perry and Franklin townships.
Obed Foote, June 2, 1827, Centre township. Re-elected.
Lismund Basye, Centre township. Term expired.
Henry Bradley, June 2, 1827, Centre township.
Caleb Soudder, Centre township.
Rufus Jenison, Warren township.
Thomas North, Oct. 6, 1826, Lawrence township. Invalid.
Peter Castetter, Dec. 2, 1S26, Lawrence township.
1827-23.
Prest., Joel Wright, Washington township. Died.
Hiram B.icon, AVashington township.
Edward Roberts, April 5, 1828, Washington township.
Jacob Sheets, Pike township.
Austin Davenport, July 28, 1827, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, Wayne township.
William Logan, Wayne township.
Joseph Beeler, Decatur township.
Henry D. Bell, Perry township.
Peter Harmonson, Perry township.
Thomas Carle, April 5, 1828, Perry township.
James Greer, Oct. 6, 1827, Franklin town&hip.
Rufus Jenison, Warren township.
Peter Castetter, Lawrence township.
Obed Foote, Centre township.
Henry Bradley, Centre township.
Caleb Scudder, Centre township.
500
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
1828-29.
Prest., Caleb Scudder, Centre township.
Obed Foote, Centre township,
Henry Bradley, Centre township,
Hiram Bacon, Washington township. Resigned Jan. 4, 1830.
Edward Roberts, Washington township.
Jacob Sheets, Pike township.
Austin Davenport, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, March 28, 1829, Wayne township. Re-
elected.
William Logan, Wayne township. Resigned Nov. 4, 1828.
James Johnson, Dec, 6, 1828, Wayne township.
Joseph Beeler, Dec, 30, 1828, Decatur township. Re-elected.
Thomas Carle, Perry township.
Henry D. Bell, Perry township.
James Greer, Franklin township.
Rufus Jenison, Warren township. Resigned Nov. 3, 1828.
Henry Brady, Aug. 4, 1828, Warren township.
Solomon Wells, Feb. 7, 1329, Warren township.
Peter Castetter, Lawrence township.
1829-30.
Prest., Caleb Scudder, Centre township.
Obed Foote, Centre township.
Henry Bradley, Centre township.
Edward Roberts, Washington township.
Abraham Bowen, Jan. 30, 1830, Washington township.
Jacob Sheets, Pike township. Resigned.
Austin Davenport, Pike township. Resigned March 1, 1830.
Zeph. Hollingsworth, Jan. 30, 1830, Pike township.
William C. Robinson, Jan. 30, 1830, Pike township,
Jesse Lane, March 20, 1830, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, Wayne township.
James Johnson, Wayne township.
Joseph Beeler, Decatur township.
Thomas Carle, Perry township.
Peyton Bristow, Oct. 1, 1829, Perry township.
. James Greer, Franklin township.
Marine D. West, July 25, 1829, Franklin township.
Henry Brady, Warren township.
Solomon Wells, Warren township.
Peter Castetter, Lawrence township.
1830-31.
Prest., Caleb Scudder, Centre township.
Obed Foote, Centre township.
Henry Bradley, Centre township.
Edward Roberts, Washington township.
Abraham Bowen, Washington township.
William C. Robinson, Pike township.
Zeph. Hollingsworth, Pike township. Resigned May 2, 1831.
Jesse Lane, Pike township.
Adam Wright, June 4, 1831, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, Wayne township.
James Johnson, Wayne township.
Joseph Beeler, Decatur township.
Thomas Carle, Perry township. Died May, 1831.
Peyton Bristow, Perry township.
Thomas McFarland, May 28, 1831, Perry township.
James Greer, Franklin township.
Marine D. West, Franklin township. Removed May, 1831.
Isaac Baylor, June 11, 1S3I, Franklin township.
Henry Brady, Warren township.
Solomon Wells, Warren township. Resigned Sept. 3, 1832.
Peter Castetter, Lawrence township.
John Bolander, Feb. 5, 1831, Lawrence township.
1831-32.
Prest., Caleb Scudder, Centre township.
Obed Foote, Centre township.
Henry Bradley, Centre township.
Edward Roberts. Washington township.
Abraham Bowen, Washington township.
William C. Robinson, Pike township.
Jesse Lane, Pike township.
Adam Wright, Pike township.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, Wayne township.
James Johnson, Wayne township.
Joseph Beeler, Decatur township.
James Epperson, April 2, 1832, Decatur township.
Peyton Bristow, Perry township.
Thomas McFarland, Perry township.
James Greer, Franklin township,
Isaac Baylor, Franklin township.
Henry Brady, Warren township.
Joshua Black, Aug. 13, 1831, Warren township.
Peter Castetter, Lawrence township. Term expired in De
cember, 1831.
John Bolander, Lawrence township.
William G. Mcintosh, April 2, 1832, Lawrence township.
1835-36.
Prest., Caleb Scudder, Centre township.
Henry Bradley, Feb. 2, 1833, Centre township.
Wilks Reagin, Dec. 7, 1833, Centre township.
Samuel Jenison, March 8, 1834, Centre township.
James Epperson, Decatur township.
Zimri Brown, Feb. 12, 1834, Decatur township.
Joseph Beeler, Aug. 29, 1835, Decatur township.
James Greer, Nov. 20, 1832, Franklin township.
Isaac Baylor, Franklin township.
Joseph Johnston, Dec. 1, 1832, Lawrence township.
Daniel Shartz, April 1, 1835, Lawrence township.
Jacob Smock, Feb, 1, 1S34, Perry township.
George Tomlinson, Oct. 4, 1834, Perry township.
Smith Isaac, Oct. 4, 1834, Pike township.
Nathaniel Bell, April 6, 1835, Pike township.
Elias N. Shimer, Oct. 13, 1832, Warren township.
Joseph S. Mix, Oct. 4, 1834, Warren township.
Daniel R. Smith, Oct. 12, 1S33, Washington township.
Abraham Bowen, April 1, 1835, Washington township.
James Johnson, Feb. 5, 1834, Wayne township.
James W, Johnston, May 6, 1834, Wayne township.
Allen Jennings, May 6, 1834, Wayne township.
Prest., Henry Bradley, Centre township.
Caleb Scudder, Aug. 27, 1836, Centre township,
Wilks Reagin, Centre township.
Samuel Jenison, Centre township.
Thomas M. Weaver, Oct. 2, 1836, Centre township.
Joshua Stevens, April 3, 1837, Centre township.
Joseph Beeler. Decatur township.
Zimri Brown, Decatnr township.
Noah Reagan, Oct. 1, 1836, Decatur township.
Jesse Grace, Dec, 24, 1836, Decatur township.
James Greer, Franklin township.
Isaac Baylor, .Tune 25, 1836, Franklin township.
Benjamin Morgan, April 4, 1836, Franklin township.
Joseph Johnston, Lawrence township.
Daniel Shartz, Lawrence township.
Jacob Smock, Perry township.
George Tomlinson, Perry township.
CENTKE TOWNSHIP.
501
Smith Isaac, Pike township.
Nathaniel Bell, Pike township.
Elias N. Shimer, Warren township.
Joseph S. Mix, Warren township.
James P. H.inna, May 2S, 1836, Warren township.
Lyman Carpenter, Oct. 4, 1836, Warren township.
Daniel R. Smith, Washington township.
Abraham Bowen, Washington township.
John R. Anderson, Nov. 20, 1836, Washington township.
James Johnson, Wayne township.
James W. Johnston, Wayne township.
Allen Jennings, Wayne township.
CHAPTER XX.
CENTRE TOWNSHIP.
Although the city of Indianapolis covers but
about twelve of the forty-two sections in Centre
township, the history of the city is so largely that of
the township that there is little to say of the latter
that will not be a repetition. The settlements which
have become little towns are merely the natural ac-
cretions of residence about a factory or mill, or an in-
dustry of some kind that belongs to the city, and
they are really as much a part of it as the squares
cornering on the Circle. What history and business
they have independently can be soon told. The
township was associated with Warren from its first
organization, in the spring of 1822, to the 1st of
May, 1826, and the records called the combination
Centre-Warren township. After this separation the
township and the town were one till the independent
organization of the latter, Sept. 3, 1832. Then the
outside area began to have a little consciousness of a
legal existence. It has never had much more. The
population in 1880 was five thousand five hundred
and ninety-two, and is probably seven thousand now.
Of this number, Brightwood contains six hundred
and seventy-nine, part of Irvington eighty-nine, and
WoodruflF Place twenty. The population of West
Indianapolis, formerly Belmont, is not stated, as the
town was not organized when the census was taken.
Haughsville is in Wayne township, and Brookside
and Indianola belong to the city, and North Indian-
apolis is not organized. So there is no way to learn
accurately the distribution of this outside population.
There are four divisions of the surrounding area.
Washington and Meridian Streets are the dividing
lines, and all inside of the city limits is taken off,
leaving a rim of territory round each quarter of the
city in the corners. Each of these sections is di-
vided into two precincts for voting purposes. Each
is a road district, and has its own supervisor, under
the general supervision of the township trustee.
There are thirteen schools in these four sections,
with about thirty teachers. Two of these are colored
schools, — No. 11, in the northeast, and No. 5, in the
southeast. A colored class is taught in No. 10,
North Indianapolis. In Nos. 7 and 4 a German
school is maintained in connection with the regular
schools ; that is, such portions of each school as
wish to study German, or to pursue their general
studies in that language, are given the services of a
teacher, who separates them temporarily from the
others and gives them instruction as he would do if
they had a school wholly to themselves. The German
language is studied by a number of the colored pupils
at No. 10 and other schools. Teachers' institutes are
held monthly to assist the teachers by discussions of
subjects connected with their occupation.
The churches are not numerous in these outlying
sections. The city is so convenient and so much
more likely, as a rule, to have a more interesting
class of services, that the church attendance of a
considerable portion of the township is taken to the
city, to the damage of the home influence and the
depreciation of church property. There are two
churches at Brightwood, one Catholic and one Meth-
odist ; one in Belmont, or used to be ; and one that
may be still kept up on the Shelbyville road, near the
McLaughlin place, the religious training-school of
Rev. Greenly H. McLaughlin, one of the few now
living who can remember Indianapolis from the year
it was laid out until to-day.
In the chapter on " Charities" is a statement by
the township trustee of the pauper account during
the first month of this year. The total payments on
this account are nearly eighteen hundred dollars, or
at the rate of over twenty-one thousand dollars a year.
This, the trustee says, is an unfair indication. The
pauper expense of January was double that of the
502
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
average monthly outlay. The year's total will
not reach ten thousand dollars. During the winter
of 1874-75 there were eighteen hundred persons,
many with families, supported by the township,
and the annual outlay was four times what it is
now. But that was the worst season for the extent
of pauperism ever known in this country. The town-
ship trustee takes care of several abandoned or
abused children in the course of the year at the
different asylums.
The following is a list of officers of Centre township
from its formation in 1822 to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES or THE PEACE.
Wilks Reagin, June 14, 1822, to April 15, 1S26; resigned.
Lismund Basyo, June 14, 1822, to June 7, 1827.
Obed Foote, June 14, 1822, to June 7, 1827.
Caleb Scudder, June 14, 1826, to June 14, 1831.
Obed Foote, June 13, 1827, to June 12, 1832.
Henry Bradley, June 13, 1827, to June 12, 1832.
Caleb Scudder, June 27, 1S31, to June IS, 1836.
Henry Bradley, Feb. 13, 1S33, to Feb. 13, 1838.
Obed Foote, Feb. 13, 1833, to November, 1833 ; died.
James Wingatc, Feb. 13, 1833, to January, 1834; died.
Wilks Reagin, Dec. 17, 1833, to August, 1836; removed.
Samuel Jenison, March 11, 1834, to March 25, 1837; resigned.
Caleb Scudder, Sept. 19, 1836, to Sept. 19, 1841.
Thomas M. Weaver, Nov. 1, 1836, to July 12, 1841 ; resigned.
Joshua Stevens, April 6, 1837, to April 6, 1842.
John L. Keteham, April 11, 1838, to June 2, 1842; resigned.
Joseph A. Levy, Aug. 13, 1841, to Aug. 13, 1846.
William Sullivan, Oct. 6, 1841, to Nov. 1, 1867.
Joshua Stevens, April 8, 1842, to April 8, 1852.
William Campbell, Aug. 10, 1842, to Dec. 9, 1845; resigned.
James G. Jordan, Jan. 27, 1846, to Sept. 28, 1848; resigned.
Caleb Scudder, Aug. 14, 1846, to Aug. 14, 1851.
James McCready, April 11, 1850, to May 6, 1854: resigned.
Charles Fisher, Aug. 18, 1851, to Nov. 1, 1875.
Christopher G. Werbe, April 20, 1852, to April 20, 1856.
John Saltmarsh, May 5, 1855, to May 3, 1859.
Charles Coulon, April 21, 1856, to April 20, 1860.
Andrew Curtis, May 3, 1859, to May 3, 1863.
Frederic Siein, April 20, 1860, to April 20, 1864.
Oscar H. Kendrick, May 3, 1863, to Dec. 1, 1864: resigned.
Charles Coulon, April 20, 1864, to April 20, 1868.
Alexander G. Wallace, April 18, 1865, to April 17, 1869.
Andrew Curtis, April 13, 1867, to April 13, 1871.
Charles Secrest, Nov. 1, 1867, to Nov. 1, 1871.
Charles Fred. Doepfner, April 20, 1S6S, to Dec. 30, 1870: re-
signed.
Henry II. Bogges, Nov. 9, 1869, to Oct. 19, 1872 ; resigned.
William Dietrichs, Feb. 22, 1871, to April 18, 1876.
Peter Smock, April 13, 1871, to April 13, 1875.
John 6. Smith, Nov. 1, 1871, to April 9, 1875; resigned.
William H. Schmitts, Oct. 21, 1872, to Oct. 21, 1876.
Christopher C. Glass, Oct. 24, 1874, to Oct. 24, 1878.
Abel Catterson, April 9, 1875, to June 20, 1878; resigned.
Thomas P. Miller, April 13, 1875, to April 13, 1879.
Luke Walpole, Nov. 1, 1875, to Nov. 1, 1879.
William C. Newcomb, Oct. 23, 1876, to Oct. 23, 1880.
David K. Miner, Oct. 25, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Willis W. Wright, Jan. 13, 1877, to April 9, 1878.
William Whitney, April 9, 1878, to April 9, 1882.
Willis W. Wright, June 20, 1878, to Nov. 1, 1879.
Theodore W. Pease, Oct. 24, 1878, to Oct. 24, 1882.
Marquis L. Johnson, April 13, 1879, to April 13, 1882; re-
signed.
George M. Seibert, Nov. 1, 1879, to Nov. 1, 1883.
John W. Thompson, Nov. 1, 1879, to Nov. 1, 1883.
William H. Schmitts, Nov. 12, 1880, to April 13, 1882.
John C. Woodard, Oct. 23, 1880, to Oct. 23, 1884.
John M. Johnston, April 13, 1882, to April 13, 1886.
Patrick Bennett, July 8, 1882, to Oct. 11, 1882; resigned.
David K. Miner, July 10, 1882, to June 20, 1883; resigned.
Charles B. Feibleman, July 10, 1882, to April 17, 1884.
Theodore W. Pease, Sept. 20, 1882, to April 17, 1884.
Christopher C. Glass, Oct. 11, 1882, to April 17, 1884.
Luke Walpole, Oct. 24, 1882, to Oct. 24, 1886.
John C. Hoss, June 21, 1883, to April 15, 1886.
TEUSTEES.
Jacob Newman, April 14, 1859, to April 13, 1861.
James Turner, April 13, 1861, to June 13, 1864.
James W. Brown, June 13, 1864, to June 29, 1864.
Joshua M. W. Langsdale, June 29, 1864, to 1867.
Cyrus C. Heizer, 1867, to Oct. 18, 1872.
Charles John, Oct. 18, 1872, to Oct. 22, 1874.
Michael Doherty, Oct. 22, 1874, to Oct. 20, 1876.
W. Smith King, Oct. 20, 1876, to April 14, 1880.
Alonzo B. Harvey, April 14, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
Ernest Kitz, April 14, 1882, for two years.
ASSESSORS.
Henry Bradley, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 7, 1828.
James F. N. Bradley, Jan. 7, 1828, to Jan. 3, 1831.
Daniel R. Smith, Jan. 3, 1831, to .Tan. 2, 1832.
Butler K. Smith, Jan. 2, 1832, to Jan. 7, 1833.
John W. Reding, Jan. 7, 1833, to Jan. 5, 1835.
Klias N. Shimer, Jan. 5, 1835, to May 5, 1835.
Morris Bennett, May 5, 1835, to Jan. 4, 1836.
Charles J. Hand, Jan. 4, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
Morris Bennett, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 1, 1838.
Peter Winchell, Jan. 1, 1838, to Jan. 7, 1839.
John M. Wilson, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
Robert Hanna, Jan. 6, 1840, to Jan. 4, 1841.
Benjamin G. Yates, Jan. 4, 1841, to Dec. 6, 1841.
John Taffe, Dec. 21, 1852, to Feb. 6, 1S54.
*^yTy?^ c/ZL^f-Cr-Trty
CENTRE TOWNSHIP.
503
John D. Thorpe, Feb. 6, 1854, to April 7, 1855.
John B. Stumph, April 7, 1855, to Dec. U, 1S55.
John C. Baker, Dec. 13, 1855, to Nov. 29, 1856.
Andrew Curtis, Nov. 29, 1856, to Oct. 25, 1858.
Oscar H. Kendrick, Oct. 25, 1858, to Nov. 22, 1860.
Leonidas M. Phipps, Nov. 22, 1860, to Nov. 1, 1866.
William C. Phipps, Oct. 24, 1864, to April 3, 186S.
John Reynolds, April 3, 1868, to Oct. 26, 1870.
David W. Brouse, Oct. 26, 1870, (o Aug. 1, 1873.
David W. Brouse, March 17, 1875, to April 12, 1880.
Bernard Raw, April 12, 1880, to April 10, 1882.
Thomas B. Messiek, April 10, 1882, to April 10, 1884.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
SAMUEL CANBY.
Samuel Canby, whose ancestors were of English
extraction, was the son of Dr. Benjamin H. Canby
and his wife, Sarah Taylor, of Virginia. He was
born in Leesburg, Loudoun Co., Va., on the 12th of
April, 1800. Here his early years were spent in the
pursuit of such educational advantages as the schools
of the neighborhood afforded. On attaining the
years of manhood he removed with the family to
Boone County, Ky., where his father purchased a
farm on the banks of the Ohio River, at East Bend,
Bacon Co., and was assisted in the cultivation and
improvement of the land by his son. Samuel Canby
was married, in April, 1827, to Miss Elizabeth
De Pew, of Boone County, Ky., granddaughter of
John De Pew, who emigrated from England and
settled in Virginia. The latter had eight children,
of whom Abram, the father of Mrs. Canby, married
Mildred Sebree, whose parents were John and Mil-
dred Johnson Sebree. The former was a Revolution-
ary soldier, and died at the siege of Yorktown. He
was the companion of Gen. George Rogers Clark in his
expedition against the Briti.sh posts in the West. In
1837, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Canby removed to Marion
County, lud., in company with an uncle, John H.
Canby, a gentleman of the old school, who possessed
ample means, and had many years before retired
from business. He was a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and much esteemed for his many
Christian virtues. His death occurred Feb. 8, 1844,
at the age of seventy-one years. Mr. and Mrs.
Canby located upon a farm in Centre township, two
miles from the city of Indianapolis, where they con-
tinued the congenial pursuits of the agriculturist
during the former's lifetime. Mr. Canby enjoyed
the reputation of being a model farmer, and one of
the most successful in the county. The home of
Mr. and Mrs. Canby was the seat of a generous hos-
pitality, and proverbial for the welcome and good
cheer afforded alike to guest or traveler. In politics
the subject of this sketch was a Democrat, though
his innate modesty and the demands of his private
business alike prevented active participation in the
political events of the day. He was reared in the
Quaker faith, and with his wife became a member of
the Roberts Park Methodist Episcopal Church of
Indianapolis. Mr. Canby, in 1874, erected a spa-
cious dwelling in the latter city, to which he removed
on its completion. He survived this change of resi-
dence but two weeks, and died on the 16th of Oc-
tober, 1874. His remains are interred in the beau-
tiful Crown Hill Cemetery. His widow, with her
sister. Miss De Pew, now occupies the city home.
Mrs. Mildred De Pew, the mother of Mrs. Canby,
died at the home of her daughter at the advanced age
of eighty-eight years, and is buried in Crown Hill
Cemetery. She was a lady of genial nature, great
force of character, and remarkable Christian faith.
JOHN MOORE.
Tile paternal grandfather of Mr. Moore emigrated
when a young man from Scotland to Ireland, where
he married a Miss Reid and had children, — John,
William, Thomas, Christopher, James, Catherine
(Mrs. William Humphrey), Eleanor (Mrs. Robert
Roe), Peggy (Mrs. Jesse Roe), and Elizabeth
(Mrs. Keyes). Mr. Moore resided in County
Donegal, Ireland, where he was employed in the
cultivation and improvement of a farm. His son
Thomas was born in County Donegal, and mar-
ried Miss Catherine Gutherie, daughter of John
Gutherie, of County Fermanagh, Ireland, who was
also of Irish descent. The children of Thomas and
Catherine Moore are John, Thomas, Mary (Mrs.
504
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Henry Bowser), Margaret (Mrs. Charles Clenden-
ning}, Isabel J. (Mrs. R. A. Yoke), Elizabeth (Mrs.
Robert Roe), Catherine (Mrs. Edward Thomas), and
Eleanor (Mrs. Hampton Kelly). Mr. and Mrs.
Moore were attracted by the superior advantages
America offered the working classes, and left their
native land in 1824 for its hospitable shores. Mrs.
Moore's death occurred in Pennsylvania, en route for
Ohio, where the family soon after settled. In 1831
Mr. Moore removed to Marion County, Ind., where
his death occurred Jan. 8, 1838. John Moore, his
son, was born Nov. 8, 1806, in County Farmanagh,
Ireland, and at the age of eighteen emigrated with
his parents to America. His educational oppor-
tunities were limited, his early years having been
devoted chiefly to labor. He engaged in Ohio with
his father in clearing land and farming, and on
becoming a resident of Marion County, in 1831,
sought work upon the public improvements, and also
busied himself at farming. He was, on the 19th of
September, 1833, married to Miss Sarah Bowser,
daughter of Henry Bowser, of Marion County.
Their children are Thomas H., William, Hannah,
Ritchison, Isabel (Mrs. J. W. Yoke), John 0.,
Catherine, Mary E. H., Joseph A., and three who
are deceased. Mr. Moore, in 1839, removed to his
present home, and has there continued farming until
the present time. He has devoted his energies
entirely to the improvement of his land, and given
little attention to the affairs of more general interest.
He was formerly a Whig in politics, and subsequently
gave his vote to the Republican party, though he has
never accepted or desired office. He is in religion a
Methodist, and member of the Fletcher Place Meth-
odist Episcopal Church of Indianapolis. Mr. and
Mrs. Moore celebrated their golden wedding on the
19th of September, 1883, on which interesting occa-
sion there were present nine children and eleven
grandchildren, who offered their affectionate con-
gratulations to this venerable couple.
THOMAS MOORE.
Thomas Moore is a native of County Fermanagh,
Ireland, where his birth occurred on the Cth of Au-
gust, 1808. At the age of sixteen his parents
determined to emigrate to America, there being at
that time few avenues to advancement or independ-
ence open to the poorer classes in Ireland, while the
New World offered unlimited possibilities to the in-
dustrious and ambitious foreigner. After a brief so-
journ in Washington, Pa., Mr. Moore and his family
removed to the vicinity of Zanesville, Ohio, and in
1831 made Thomas Moore's present farm, in Marion
County, Ind., their permanent abode, where the
father died on the 8th of January, 1838. The
education Thomas received in his youth was neces-
sarily limited, but sufficient knowledge of the rudi-
ments was obtained to be of service in his subsequent
career. His first employment in Indiana was in con-
nection with public improvements and the construc-
tion of roads. This was continued for a period, when
Mr. Moore engaged in the transportation of goods
from Cincinnati for the merchants of Indianapolis,
and also became a successful farmer, making tjhis the
business of his life. His industry, application to the
work in hand, and discretion in the management of
his varied interests have received their reward in a
competency which is now enjoyed in his declining
years. Mr. Moore was married, in January, 1832, to
Miss Catherine, daughter of William Moore, who
resided near Zanesville, Ohio. Her death occurred
June 29, 1867. Their children are three daughters,
— Jane (deceased), Mary Ann (Mrs. George Langs-
dale, who died in Texas in April, 1880), and Margaret
J. (Mrs. Wilnier Christian, of Indianapolis). Mr.
Moore has always been in his political predilections a
consistent Democrat, though not active as a politician
and without ambition for the honors of office. The
Moore family are of Scotch-Irish lineage, the grand-
father of the subject of this biographical sketch hav-
ing married a Miss Reid, to whom were born nine
children. Their son Thomas, a native of County
Donegal, Ireland, married Miss Catherine Gutherie,
of County Fermanagh, Ireland, and had two sons
and six daughters. The sons, John and Thomas, are
represented by portraits in this work.
>^ ■'
L^'
^:;^o ^J' cyy i-c'^
i
0f^^U//^,
CENTRE TOWNSHIP.
505
ELISHA J. HOWLAND.
Mr. Howland is of English extraction, and the
grandson of Elisha Howland, who was a native of
Rhode Island, and when seventeen years of age emi-
grated to Saratoga County, N. Y. He married a
Miss Powell and had six children, all of whom sur-
vive, with the exception of Powell, who was born
Oct. 16, 1799, in Saratoga County, and removed
to Indiana in 1839. He married, in 1818, Miss
Tamma Morris, of Saratoga County, and in 1823,
Miss Mahala Thurber. To the first marriage were
born two children, and to the second five, among
whom was Elisha J., whose birth occurred in Saratoga
County, Nov. 30, 1826, where he remained until
thirteen years of age. He then with his father re-
moved to Indiana, and was until eighteen years of
age a pupil of the public school, after which for two
years he enjoyed the advantages of the Marion
County Seminary, in Indianapolis. His attention
was then turned to the cultivation of the homestead
farm, a part of which became his by division on
attaining his majority. He has since that time con-
tinued farming of a general character, combined with
stock-raising, and has met with success in his voca-
tion. He shares his father's love of horticultural
pursuits, and has devoted much tiine and attention
to the subject. He is a member of both the State
and County Horticultural Societies. In politics Mr.
Howland is an ardent Democrat, and was in 1882
elected to the State Legislature, where he served on
the committees on Reformatory Institutions and Fees
and Salaries, and was chairman of the former. He
has ever manifested much public spirit, been active
in the furtherance of all public improvements, and
the promoter of various schemes for the welfare of
the county of his residence and the good of the pub-
lic. Mr. Howland was married, in 1851, to Miss
Margaret E., daughter of Nineveh Berry, one of the
earliest settlers in the State, who was born in Clark
County, and removed to Anderson, Madison Co.,
before the government survey was made. He held
many prominent ofiices, and was one of the original
surveyors who laid out the lands of the State in be-
half of the government. His death occurred Aug. 17,
1883, in his eightieth year. Mr. and Mrs. Howland
have children,— Charles B., Elizabeth M., James E.,
Margaret M., Julia H., and one who died in child-
hood. He was a member of the Ebenezer English
Lutheran Church, in which he has been both an elder
and a deacon. Mrs. Howland is also a member of
the same church.
JOHN G. BROWN.
John G. Brown, who was of Scotch-Irish descent,
was born in Charleston, S. C, June 23, 1785. He
received in youth a fair English education, and in
early manhood emigrated to Kentucky. He was, on
the 17th of October, 1810, married to Eliza M. Bar-
nett, to whom were born four children, — Juliet D.,
Eliza Jane (Mrs. L. W. Monson), Emeline A. (Mrs.
J. L. Mothershead), and Alexander M. Mrs. Brown
died in September, 1820, and he was again married
in October, 1821, to Mrs. Mary C. Todd, nee Win-
ston, who was of English lineage and the daughter of
James Winston, a soldier of the Revolution, and his
wife, Sarah. Mrs. Brown was born in Louisa County,
Va., in 1791, and was a lady of much refinement and
culture. On her marriage to Mr. Brown she was the
widow of Dr. Henry Todd, of Bourbon County, Ky.
Her death occurred in May, 1859. The children of
Mr. and Mrs. Brown are Mary T. (Mrs. Stephen D.
Tomlinson), James Winston, Margaret M. (Mrs. W.
T. Sprole), and Caroline S. James W. and Marga-
ret M. are the only survivors of all Mr. Brown's
children, the former having come, when but eighteen
months old, with his father to Indianapolis. He is
consequently among its earliest settlers.
Mr. Brown, while a resident of Kentucky, engaged
in the manufacture of woolen goods, which business
was continued until his removal to Indiana in the
fall of 1825. His strong convictions on the slavery
question induced his removal from Kentucky. Be-
lieving that all men were created free and equal and
entitled to the blessings that freedom confers, both
he and Mrs. Brown liberated their slaves and re-
moved to a free State. About the year 1830 he
formed a copartnership with W. H. Morrison for the
purpose of conducting a general mercantile business,
which was continued until his death, with the addi-
506
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tional interest involved in the cultivation of a farm
in the suburbs. In politics he was a Henry Clay
Whig, though content to let others share the labors
and honors of office. He was a zealous member of
the First Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, in
which he was an elder and one of its most active
workers. All measures for the advancement of mo-
rality and the furtherance of the best interests of
society found in Mr. Brown a warm supporter and
friend, though feeble health prevented active partici-
pation in works of philanthropy. His death occurred
in May, 1838, in his fifty-third year.
LEVI AYRES.
The Ayres fsimily are of Welsh extraction, the
grandfather of Levi Ayres having been John Ayres,
a Revolutionary patriot, who was taken prisoner
by the enemy and confined in the noted prison-
ship lying in New York harbor, where he remained
until released by the suspension of hostilities. He
was a blacksmith, and in that capacity proved invalu-
able to the enemy, who refused to exchange him.
He married Miss Susanna Jarman, and had children,
among whom was John, the father of the subject of
this biographical sketch, born in 1777, in Cumber-
land County, N. J., the residence of his father, where
he followed agricultural pursuits. He married Miss
Margaret Pawner, the daughter of Asher Pawner,
who was reared in the Quaker faith. The children
of John and Margaret Ayres are Levi, Reuben,
George, Charles, Richard, John, and Mary Jane
(Mrs. Ebenezer Woodrufi"). The death of Mr.
Ayres occurred in 1847, and that of his wife the
same year. Their son Levi was born on the 3d of
September, 1808, in Cumberland County, N. J.
His early life was spent upon the farm, and such
education obtained as was possible in the common
schools of the neighborhood, after which, for two
successive winters, he engaged in teaching, mean-
while during the remainder of the year aiding in the
labor of the farm. In 1832 he removed to Indiana,
and settled for one year in Franklin County, after
which he resided in Vicksburg, Miss., and for three
years pursued the trade of a painter. In 1836 he
returned to Franklin County and became owner
of a farm. He was, in 1840, married to Jane C,
daughter of Alexander and Rachel Cregmile, of
Franklin County, Ind. Their children are John T.,
deceased ; R. Jennie, deceased; Alexander C., a prac-
ticing lawyer in Indianapolis ; Franklin, a farmer ;
Levi P., a farmer, and two who died in infancy.
Alexander C. and Levi P. are graduates of Butler
University. Mr. Ayres during the two successive
winters following his advent in Indiana engaged in
teaching, the remainder of his life having been
devoted to the cultivation of his lands. In 1858
he removed to Centre township, Marion Co., his
present residence.
He has been, as a Democrat, actively identified
with politics, and in Franklin County served as
inspector of elections, justice of the peace, county
commissioner for two terms, and as a member of the
State Legislature in 1853. He is a charter member
of Mount Carmel Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons,
and also member of the Brookville Chapter. Mr.s.
Ayres and her family were reared in the faith of the
Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Ayres is a
supporter.
CHAPTER XXL
BECATUR TOWNSHIP.'
This township, named in honor of Commodore
Stephen Decatur, is the extreme southwestern town-
ship of Marion County. It is bounded on the north
by Wayne and, for a very short distance, by Centre
township ; on the east by White River, which marks
the boundary against Perry township ; on the south
by Morgan County ; and on the west by Hendricks
County. The population of Decatur, as shown by
the returns of the United States census of 1880, was
then sixteen hundred and forty-seven.
Originally the territory of the township was very
heavily timbered with black walnut, poplar, the dif-
ferent varieties of oak, blue and gray ash, beech.
Fielding Beeler, Esq.
^S^4/^ ^^^yu^
DECATUR TOWNSHIP.
507
sugar-tree, red and white elm, and hackberry, and
on the bottom-lands sycamore, buttonwood soft
maple, buckeye, paw-paw, and in early times spice-
wood and prickly ash. The heavy timber was a
great drawback in the early settlement, requiring a
great amount of very hard labor to clear the land
sufficiently to furnish the settlers with bread and
feed for their stock, though the stock usually re-
quired (or at least received) but little feed, subsist-
ing largely on the " range," while hogs lived and were
fattened on the mast, — acorns, beechnuts, hickory-
nuts, etc. The land was at first cleared of the
grubs, logs, and smaller trees, and the large ones
" deadened," as it was termed, by girdling, and thus
the clearing was sometimes many years in being
completed. As years passed on and the clearings
extended, the custom of deadening all timber, where
the land was intended to be cleared, was introduced.
The streams of the township are the White River,
which forms its entire eastern boundary; Eagle
Creek, a tributary which enters the river at the ex-
treme northeast corner of the township ; and a num-
ber of smaller and unimportant creeks and runs,
which flow through Decatur southeastwardly to their
junction with the White River. The surface of the
township is sufficiently rolling to admit of good and
easy drainage of the lands. There are in the town-
ship two considerable elevations of ground, one known
as Marr's Hill, near the residence of Patrick Harnian,
the other as Spring Valley Hill, owned jointly by Mr.
Elijaii Wilson and Isaac B. Dewees, Esq. It is an
isolated point or knob, rising one hundred and forty
feet or more above the general level of the surround-
ing country, and two hundred feet or more above the
level of the river, which is nearly a quarter of a mile
east. From this point, when the air is clear, an ex-
tended view may be had of the surrounding country,
including the buildings of the insane asylum, the
spires and many of the highest buildings in the city
of Indianapolis, and even Crown Hill, north of the
city, and fully twelve miles from the point of ob-
servation.
The lands of the township consist of a variety of
soils; alluvial or bottom, along the valley of White
River; second bottom underlaid with gravel; and
upland, of which the soil is underlaid with clay. All
the soil of the township, with proper cultivation,
produces largely of cereals, vegetables, clover, timo-
thy, and blue grass, for all of which crops it equals
the best in the county or State.
In the first settlement of the township the large
yellow and spotted rattlesnakes were numerous, and
the cause of much terror among the settlers. Cattle
and other animals were frequently bitten, and died
from the eflFects of the poison, though there is no
account of any person having died from that cause.
During the fall of 1824 some of the settlers became
convinced that the reptiles had a den in the vicinity
of what is now the village of Valley Mills, and in
the following spring a close watch was kept for their
appearance in that locality. On one of the earliest
of the warm days their den was discovered by John
Kenworthy, and the inhabitants of the neighboring
settlements were notified of the fact. The able-bodied
men of the region for several miles around gathered
at the place, and with mattocks, shovels, spades, and
hoes proceeded to dislodge and slay the serpents.
Their den was in the side of a ravine on the land of
Isaac Hawkins, now owned and occupied by William
Sanders, about a half-mile east of Valley Mills Sta-
tion of the Indianapolis and Vincennes Railway. One
hundred and seven rattlesnakes were killed (most of
them of large size), besides a number of other and
less venomous snakes. This general slaughter of the
reptiles seemed to almost entirely rid the township of
them, as but few were seen afterwards, most of them,
however, in the vicinity of Valley Mills and near the
high bluifs along White River. A few of the black
variety, known as the prairie rattlesnake, were found
around the bog prairie, situated partly in Decatur and
partly in Wayne townships, until quite recently, but
now they appear to have beep exterminated. Many
years ago Ira Plummer was bitten (while gathering
hazel-nuts) by a snake of this kind, but survived and
recovered wholly through the efficacy (as was said)
of whiskey and a tea made of blue-ash bark.
Decatur, like the other townships of the county,
was set off and erected into a separate township by
the board of county commissioners, April 16, 1822,
and on the same date it was, by the same authority.
508
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
joined with Perry and Franklin townships for organ-
ization and the election of justices of the peace, for
the reason that none of the three contained a suffi-
cient number of inhabitants for such organization.
This arrangement continued until Aug. 12, 1823,
when the commissioners ordered " that Decatur town-
ship be stricken ofiF from Perry and Franklin town-
ships, and form from this date a separate and inde-
pendent township of this county, in every respect as
if it had never been attached to the said townships
of Perry and Franklin ;" and the board assigned one
justice of the peace to be elected for the township
of Decatur, at an election ordered to be held at the
house of John Thompson, on Saturday, Aug. 30,
1823, John Thompson to be inspector of the said
election.
The following is a list of justices and township
officers of Decatur from its erection to the present
time, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Peter Hiirmonson, .Tune 28, 1822, to Aug. 30. 1823 (for town-
ships of Decatur, Perry, and Franklin, unlil their separa-
tion).
Joseph Beeler, Nov. 3, 1823, to Oct. 8, 182S.
Joseph Beeler, Jan. 5, 1829, to Jan. 5, 1S34.
James Epperson, May 7, 1832, to Aug. 1, 1835: died.
Zimri Brown, Feb. 25, 1834, to Sept. 1, 1836; resigned.
Joseph Beeler, Sept. 21, 1835, to Sept. 21, 1840.
Noah Reagan, Nov. 1, 1836, to Nov. 23, 1836; resigned.
Jesse Grace, Jan. 14, 1837, to Jan. 14, 1842.
Young Em. R. Wilson, Feb. 23, 1839, to Feb. 23, 1844.
Zadock Jackson, Deo. 25, 1840, to Dec. 22, 1845.
John S. Hall, Feb. 19, 1842, to Feb. 19, 1847.
Young Em. R. Wilson, May 11, 1844, to July, S, 1845 ; resigned.
Noah McCreery, Aug. 27, 1845, to Aug. 27, 1850.
W^illiam Mendenhall, Dec. 22, 1845, to Dec. 22, 1850.
Joseph Beeler, Feb. 19, 1847, to Feb. 19, 1852.
John Burris, Dec. 26, 1850, to May 3, 1859.
Jesse Price, Nov. 8, 1851, to Oct. 9, 1852; resigned.
Lewis George, April 24, 1858, to May 24, 1859; resigned.
Gurdon C. Johnson, July 19, 1859, to July 19, 1867.
Thomas Mendenhall, April 19, 1864, to April 13, 1 866 ; resigned.
John S.Walker, April 17, 1866, to Sept. 12, 1866; resigned.
Thomas R. Cook, Nov. 9, 1866, to Nov. 9, 1870.
John M. Ritter, April 26, 1869, to April 16, 1873.
David W. Compton, Nov. 9, 1870, to Oct. 18, 1872; resigned.
James S. Wall, Oct. 24, 1874, to April 17, 1882; removed.
Isaac B. Dewees, Oct. 24, 1878, to Oct. 24, 1882.
John D. Haworth, June 12, 1880, to April 15, 1886.
Charles F. Allen, April 17, 1882, to Oct. 24, 1886.
TRUSTEES.
Martin Searly, April 9, 1859, to April 9, 1860.
Josiah Russell, April 9, 1860, to April 19, 1862.
Jackson L. Jessup, April 19, 1862, to Oct. 10, 1867.
John W. Billingsley, Oct. 10, 1867, to Oct. 23, 1872.
Jacob Horner, Oct. 23, 1872, to Oct. 26, 1874.
Noah McCreery, Oct. 26, 1874, to April 14, 1882.
Thomas N. Janeway, April 14, 1882, for two years.
ASSESSORS.
Demas L. McKarland, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 7, 1828.
Cader Carter, Jan. 7, 1828, to Jan. 4, 1830.
Jesse Wright, Jan. 4, 1830, to Jan. 2, 1832.
John P. Clark, Jan. 2, 1832, to Jan. 1, 1833.
Adam Wright, Jan. 7, 1833, to Jan. 6, 18.34.
Aaron Wright, Jan. 6, 1834, to May 5, 1835.
James M. Bailey, May 5, 1834, to May 5, 1835.
Zimri Brown, May 5, 1835, to Jan. 4, 1836.
Dotnas L. MoFarland, Jan. 4, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
Abram H. Dawson, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 1, 1838.
Jesse Grace, Jan. 1, 1838, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Grimes Dryden, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 4, 1841.
Aaron Wright, Jan. 4, 1841, to Dec. 6, 1841.
Joseph Cook, Dec. 21, 1852, to Dee. 8, 1854.
Isaac Hawkins, Dec. 8, 1854, to Feb. 5, 1855.
Eli Sanders, Feb. 9, 1855, to Dec. 13, 1856.
John S. Rabb, Dec. 13, 1856, to March 12, 1857.
Jesse Price, March 12, 1857, to Dee. 12, 1858.
Abner Mills, Dec. 12, 1858, to Nov. 22, 1872.
John Ellis, Nov. 22, 1872, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Jesse W. Reagan, March 22, 1875, to Dec. 26, 1876.
John W. Ellis, Dec. 26, 1876, to April 13, 1880.
Edward C. Forest, April 13, 1880, to April 13, 1884.
This township, as originally set off and erected by
the commissioners in 1822, contained forty-two sec-
tions of land, being in size six miles from north to
south, and seven miles east and west, its eastern line
being a continuation of the line between the town-
ships of Centre and Wayne, thus bringing info De-
catur a strip of land lying east of the White River,
and between that stream and the township of Perry,
the strip having an average width of about two miles,
and embracing about twelve sections of land. This
continued to be included in Decatur township until
the 7th of January, 1833, when, upon petition by
citizens of Decatur township, it was ordered by the
board of justices " that all the part of Decatur town-
ship lying on the east side of White River be attached
to and hereafter form a part of Perry township." By
this action the White River was established as the
DECATUR TOWNSHIP.
509
line between Decatur and Perry, and has remained as
such to the present time.
The earliest settlements in Decatur were generally
made in the vicinity of the White River, and near
springs, with which the township abounds, especially
along the higher lands near the river. In the gov-
ernment sales of lands this consideration had much
to do in deciding the location and purchase of differ-
ent tracts. The first settlements were made in 1821,
— possibly two or three came as early as the fall of
1820, — but who was the first settler who came to
stopped at a place on the lower river (the locality of
which is not now known), from which, in the fall of
the same year, he, with his two brothers and two
acquaintances, made an exploring trip to the then
wilderness region which is now Marion County.
Striking the White River at the place where the
village of Waverly now is, they traveled thence
northward and halted at a camp which they made
on the river bank nearly on the site of the present
water-works of Indianapolis. There was not at that
time a white man's cabin or habitation of any kind
in the vicinity. He made a thorough examination
make his permanent home within the territory that of this region, and being pleased with it, he returned
soon afterwards became Decatur township cannot
now be satisfactorily ascertained. Among the first,
however, were the Dollarhides, David Kime, Charles
and Joseph Beeler, Demas L. McFarland, John
Thompson, Jesse Wright, and John, James, Edward,
Eli, and Jacob Sulgrove on the west side of the
river, and Martin D. Bush, Emanuel Glimpse, and
the Myers and Monday families on the east side of
the stream, in that part of the township which was
transferred to the jurisdiction of Perry in 1833, as
before mentioned.
Joseph Beeler was one of the earliest settlers in
Decatur, as he was also for a period of almost thirty
years (from his settlement here to his death) one of
the most prominent and respected men of the town-
ship. He was born in April, 1797, in a block-house
which was built for defense against Indians in what
is now Ohio County, W. Va. The block-house was
surrounded by a stockade work which was called
" Beeler's Fort," or '■ Beeler's Station," his father
being in command of the defense, and also of a com-
pany of frontiersmen called " rangers," whose head-
quarters were at the stockade. The name Beeler's
Station is retained to the present day in the post-
ofiice at that place.
His father dying when he was but six weeks old,
he was left with but the care and protection of his
mother, and he grew to years of manhood, living part
of the time in Virginia and part in Washington
County, Pa. In the summer of 1819 he, with his
mother and brother George, descended the Ohio
River in a pirogue (a very large dugout canoe), and
in the spring of 1820 with his mother, his brother,
G. H. Beeler (afterwards the first clerk of Morgan
County), and several others for permanent .settle-
ment, and located on the west side of the river near
the blufis. At the land sales they bought the tract
on which they had settled, but afterwards sold it to
James Burns at an advance of one hundred dollars,
which would pay for an additional eighty acres of
land in some new location. Burns, the purchaser,
afterwards built upon the tract a small frame house
(the first of the kind in that part of the country)
and painted it red. The house is still standing, and
the place has been and is at this day known as the
" Red House."
Soon after his sale to Burns, Joseph Beeler bought
the northeast quarter of section 6, township 14, range
3, and commenced a clearing. In May, 1822, he
was married to Hannah Matthews, and late in the
fall of the same year they removed to their new
home on his land in Decatur township.
Mr. Beeler was a fine specimen of pioneer man-
hood, being six feet in height and finely proportioned.
He was ever a leader in matters of public enterprise,
and untiring in perseverance and industry. He
reii-arded his vocation of farmer as one of the highest
respectability, and he had great ambition to excel in
his calling. He was one of the first farmers of the
county to import improved breeds of stock, which
gained the reputation of being the best in the county,
as the records of the agricultural societies show, —
from the number of premiums awarded him in the
difi"erent classes. He also took a deep interest in
510
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
horticulture, and his orchards were noted for their
production of the best quality of fruit.
He was for many years a justice of the peace. In
those times there was much more litigation in the
county than now, and though in his office he might
have profited by it pecuniarily, he always used his
influence to prevent instead of promoting law-suits.
In Mr. Nowland's " Sketches of Prominent Citi-
zens," he says, " Were I writing for the eye only of
those who knew Mr. Beeler, it would be unnecessary
to say that he was a man of the strictest integrity,
whose word was as good as his bond, and was never
questioned." At the time of his death, and for
many previous years, he was a member of the Chris-
tian Church. He died July 12, 1851, in the full
strength and vigor of manhood. He had endured
years of toil and privation, but lived to see the forest
give place to cultivated fields and fruitful orchards,
the small clearing extended to a large and valuable
farm, and the log cabin to the comfortable mansion ;
but though he had much to live for, he entered the
dark valley with the resignation and faith of the Chris-
tian who feels that his work has been well done, and
that there is peace and happiness on the other side
of the river. He left surviving him his wife and
five children. His oldest son. Fielding Beeler (born
March 30, 1823), is now a resident of Wayne town-
ship, and one of the best known and most successful
farmers of Marion County. George M., then but a
small boy (and who died at the early age of twenty-
four years), inherited his father's taste for horticul-
ture, and was particularly distinguished in that pro-
fession for one of his years. Emily, the oldest
daughter, married Calvin Fletcher, of the well-known
Fletcher family of Indianapolis, and now resides with
her husband at Spencer, Ind. Melissa, the second
daughter, married the Hon. John C. New, of Indian-
apolis. She died, leaving an only son, Harry S.
New, who is one of the proprietors and editors of the
Indianapolis Journal. The third daughter, Hattie,
married T. W. Hall, who died several years ago, and
she now lives with her three children in Indianapolis.
The widow of Joseph Beeler survived him thirty
years, and died in Indianapolis in 1881, in the
eightieth year of her age. She was remarkable for
the activity of her mind, on which account, and be-
cause of her excellent memory of the incidents of
early times, she was often appealed to as authority
concerning occurrences with which she had been ac-
quainted in her youth. The miuister who officiated
at her funeral spoke of her life and experience as a
forcible illustration of the progress of the country ;
mentioning the fact that when a young lady of twenty
years she passed over the ground (then dotted by
only a few log cabins) that became the site of the
city in which she died, containing at the time of her
death nearly one hundred thousand inhabitants.
Martin D. Bush came from the State of New York
in 1821, and settled on the east side of White River,
on the southeast quarter of section 8, township 15,
range 3, now in Perry township. His land was
all river bottom and so much subject to overflow that
he became discouraged, and in 1845 or 1846 sold
; out and removed to Atchison County, Mo., where he
I died. During the years of his residence in the
White River Valley Mr. Bush was ever known as an
■ honorable, upright, and public-spirited man. His
house was the headquarters of traveling ministers of
the several denominations when they came to the
new country, and preaching was frequently held there.
! His wife was noted for her benevolence, and kindness
' to the sick and afflicted among the early pioneers.
They were both original members of the Liberty
Church. They had three children, a son and two
daughters. The oldest daughter, Anna, was married
to Mr. Merrill, brother of the late Samuel Merrill.
The other daughter, Mary, married Amos Sharp,
; brother of the well-known banker of Indianapolis.
The son, Henry Bush, married Susan, daughter of
Grimes Dryden. All of them with their families
removed to JMissouri with their parents.
Charles Beeler, born in Ohio County, Va. (now
West Virginia), came to Morgan County, Ind., in
1820, and to Decatur township in 1822, and settled
on the southeast quarter of section 7, township 14,
range 2, it being land which he bought at the
government land sales at Brookville, and which
is now owned and occupied by ex-County Commis-
sioner A. C. Remy. He sold his property in Decatur
and removed in 1831 to Shelby County, 111. After-
DECATUR TOWNSHIP.
511
wards he moved to the State of Missouri, thence to
California, and from there back to Missouri, and died
near St. Joseph, in that State, about the year 1867,
at the age of eighty-four years.
Samuel K. Barlow, an early settler in the township,
and who laid out the original town plat of Bridgeport
on land of John Furnas, located a shert distance
south of that village, in the northwest part of Decatur.
He was always regarded as well behaved and peace-
able, yet he had the misfortune to become the slayer
of a man named Matlack, who was his brother-in-law.
It appears that upon the fatal occasion he visited
Matlack's house (in Hendricks County), and upon
seeing Matlack attempt to whip his wife with a cow-
hide. Barlow interfered for the protection of the
woman, and in the fight which ensued Matlack was
killed. For the homicide Barlow was confined along
time in the Hendricks County jail, and finally brought
to trial, which resulted in his acquittal, but the cost
of his defense was so heavy that he was compelled to
sell his property to pay it. He then removed from
Decatur to Iowa, and afterwards to Oregon, where he
died about 1878, at the age of eighty-four years.
Jesse Wright, a native of North Carolina, came to
Decatur from the Whitewater country, and settled on
the northwest quarter of section 29, township 15,
range 3, the same property now owned by the family
of the late Jacob Hanch. He was a positive and an
energetic man, but a very contentious one, and this
latter characteristic made him an Ishmael among the
people of the community in which he lived, as was
shown by the course he took at the death of his first
wife (he was twice married), who was a most estima-
ble woman. Although there was a public burial-
ground within half a mile of his home, he buried
her in the woods on the bluff overlooking the swampy
lands southwest of his residence. He was a man in
good circumstances, yet after selling his farm to
Jacob Hanch, about the year 1838, he left the coun-
try and removed to Iowa without erecting even the
rudest or simplest stone to mark her resting-place;
and there are few, if any, now living who can identify
the spot where he made her lonely grave.
Aaron Wright, brother of Jesse, was also a North
Carolinian by birth. He came from Union County
to Decatur township, and settled on the lands now
owned and occupied by John Hurd. He was an
honest, upright man, who attended strictly to his own
business, and never engaged in controversy or conten-
tion with his neighbors. He died in 1877, upwards
of seventy years of age, leaving a son, Jesse Wright,
who has been for two terms trustee of Wayne town-
ship, and is one of its most prominent farmers ; also a
daughter, who is Mrs. John Doty, and another living
near Council BluflFs, Iowa.
Cader Carter came from Ohio in the early days of
the settlement and bought an eighty-acre tract in
Decatur township, the same now owned by John
Chamberlain. Carter was a single man, and for sev-
eral years made his home with Jesse Wright, with
whom he had a disagreement which grew into a law-
suit, which resulted adversely to Carter and compelled
him to sell his land to pay the expenses of litigation.
He always complained bitterly of the wrong which
had been done him by Wright and by the decision
in the letter's favor. After the loss of his property
he lost his energy, and never made another purchase
of land in the township. He served as constable for
several years, and for about five years drove a stage
between Indianapolis and Cincinnati. He was an
active and earnest politician of the Democratic party,
and it was alleged that he was of one-eighth negro
blood. In consequence of his active partisanship at
the State election of 1836, his vote was challenged
and refused. He sued for damages, but, unfortu-
nately for him, it was proved to the satisfaction of
the jury trying the case that the allegation was
true, and he was never again allowed to vote. All
who knew him gave him the character of a strictly
honest and upright man, and one of very fair intelli-
gence and general information. He died in 1851.
John Thompson, one of the earliest of the settlers
in this township, located upon (and afterwards bought)
the southwest quarter of section 30, township 15,
range 3, now owned and occupied by Patrick Har-
mon. He was also the owner of the west half of the
southwest quarter of section 29, in the same town-
ship, which latter tract alone was assessed to him in
1829. John Thompson was esteemed by all who
knew him as an honorable, upright man, who in h
512
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
daily walk and in all his dealings was entitled to the
appellation of Christian. His cabin was the place of
the earliest gatherings for religious worship in the
township, and the place where Liberty Church was
organized and its meetings held until the erection of
the meeting-house. In the absence of regular minis-
ters, Mr. Thompson often preached himself at his
dwelling. In 1837 he sold his land to John Marrs
and removed to Iowa. His first wife died about
1832, and lie afterwards married Mrs. Matlack,
widow of the Matlack who was killed by S. K.
Barlow, as noticed in the sketch of the latter. Mr.
Thompson raised a large family of children, all of
whom moved West with him, except Naomah (wife
of Eli Sulgrove) and Sarah (wife of Calvin Mat-
thews).
Demas L. McFarland came from Washington
County, Pa., to Marion County in February, 1822,
and located in Decatur township. In 1829 he was
assessed on the northeast quarter of section 30,
township 15, range 3, but afterwards was the owner
of other lands. He was an earnest, energetic, and
public-spirited man ; always " kept up his end of the
handspike" at the neighborhood log-rollings and house-
raisings, and did his full share in contributing to all
enterprises for the public good. He was a colonel in
the militia as long as that system and organization
was kept up. He died in 1869, in the seventy-ninth
year of his age, leaving one son, Abel, who has been
fur many years a resident of California, and three
daughters, — Charlotte and Laura, of Indianapolis,
and Anne, who is the wife of Dr. Duzon, and who
with her husband and family occupied the old home-
stead of her father in Decatur. Near the dwelling is a
noted and excellent spring, which doubtless influenced
Mr. McFarland in the location of his home.
Rea.son Reagan, who was one of the early settlers
in Decatur, located on the northwest quarter of sec-
tion 9, township 15, range 2, where he cleared up a
good farm, but sold it many years ago, and spent the
later years of his life in Mooresville, Morgan Co.
He was the father of Dr. Amos Reagan, of Moores-
ville, Dr. Lott Reagan (deceased), of Bridgeport, and
Noah Reagan, a well-known stock-raiser and auction-
eer, now dead.
Joseph Mendenhall, a native of North Carolina,
came from Ohio to Decatur in 1822, and settled near
where West Newton now is. In 1829 he was as-
sessed on lands, the southwest quarter of section 23,
town.ship 14, range 2. He died in 1868, at the age
of eighty-two years. Two of his sons (Eli and Atha)
and four daughters live in the township, also one
daughter in Kansas.
Richard Mendenhall, brother of Joseph, came to
Decatur in 1823. His lands are described in the as-
sessment-roll of 1829 as the northeast quarter of
section 22, township 14, range 2. He moved in
about 1852 to Icrwa, where he died in 1868, in his
eighty-fourth year. His widow is (or was very re-
cently) living at near one hundred years of age. One
son, William, lives near West Newton village; the
rest of the family made their homes in Iowa.
John MoCreery came to this township from Ohio
in 1826 or 1827, and located on the west half of the
northeast quarter of section 26, township 15, range
2, as shown by the township assessment-roll of
1829.
He was a pioneer member of the Bethel Methodist
Church (better known as the McCreery Church), and
an earnest, upright. Christian man. His house was
the usual headquarters for preachers and strangers
visiting or exploring this regiori, and all were hospit-
ably entertained. He died in 1879, in his eighty-
seventh year, leaving a son, Noah, who has been sev-
eral times elected township trustee, though diflfering
in politics from a majority of the electors, a fact
which plainly shows the confidence which his fellow-
townsmen repose in his integrity, judgment, and im-
partiality. A daughter (Amanda) of John McCreery
is the wife of John Hoffman, and lives at the old
homestead.
Daniel McCreery came to this township at the same
time with his brothfcr John. He also was a pioneer
member of the Bethel Methodist Church. He was
killed by his horse running away with him in a spring
wagon July 4, 1863. He was about seventy-five
years of age at his death.
Asahel DoUarhide came from North Carolina to
Marion County, Ind., and settled in Decatur town-
ship in 1821 or 1822. He was an upright, honest
DECATUR TOWNSHIP.
513
man, and an early member of Liberty Church. He
died about 1840, at the age of eighty-three years.
Edmund Dollarhide was the youngest son of Asahel
Dollarhide, and lived with his father, near where the
Spring Valley gravel road crosses Dollarhide Creek,
the homestead now occupied by his granddaughter
Mrs. Dewees. Edmund Dollarhide was rather a pe-
culiar character, a little too fond of whiskey to pass
for a strict temperance man. For a long time his
business was that of a teamster, hauling produce to
and goods from the principal points on the Ohio River
for Indianapolis merchants. He usually drove six
horses attached to an old-fashioned Conestoga wagon ;
almost always returning home from Indianapolis late
in the evening with his horses in a fast trot (some-
times on the gallop), he sitting in his saddle on the
nigh wheel-horse, and clinging with one hand to
his mane, the chains of the wagon making a clatter
that could be heard for miles in the stillness of the
night. He seemed at such times to entirely abandon
all attempt to guide his team by the lines, and to sur-
render all responsibility to the lead-horse, which he
named " Farmer," a noble chestnut sorrel, who seemed
endowed with something higher than mere brute in-
stinct, and always brought team, wagon, and man
home in safety. Edmund Dollarhide died in Feb-
ruary, 1862. He had two sons, one of whom died
several years before his father ; the other migrated
West. His only daughter married Ira N. Holmes,
and now lives with her husband at Winfield, Kansas.
David Kime, one of the very early settlers in
Decatur, located on the east half of section 24, town-
ship 14, range 2. He was a quiet and unobtrusive,
but honest and honorable man, one of the original
members of Liberty Church. He died in 1873,
nearly eighty years of age. He had two sons,
Michael and Alfred, who removed to the Platte Pur-
chase about 1840. His daughter is the wife of Isaac
B. Dewees, Esq.
The following-named persons, early settlers in
Decatur, were resident tax-payers in the township in
1829. The description of their lands, given after
the name of each, respectively, is taken from the
township assessment-roll of that year, viz. :
Joseph Allen, the west half of the northeast quar-
ter of section 9, township 14, range 2. Mr. Allen
was a native of North Carolina, and came to this
county in 1826. He was the father of ex County
Commissioner Moses Allen, a prominent farmer and
stock-raiser ; of Dr. W. Allen, the well-known and
popular phy,sician of West Newton ; of Preston
Allen, deceased ; and of Joseph Allen, a leading
farmer and dealer in stock, who owns and occupies
the homestead farm of his father in Decatur.
Christopher Ault and Henry Ault, no real estate
assessment in 1829. They came from Ohio. Henry
(son of Christopher) removed to Hancock County,
and was killed on a railway track in the winter of
1880.
William Boles, the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 25, township 15, range 2. He
came from Ohio to Decatur, and removed thence to
Huntingdon County about 1835.
Thomas Barnet, no real estate assessment in 1829.
He was a native of North Carolina ; came to Decatur
in 1827, and died in 1839. He was the father of
Jesse, William, and James Barnet. All were mem-
bers of the Society of Friends. Jesse is now living
in Iowa. Thomas also emigrated to Iowa. James
died in 1868. Athanasius Barnet died in Iowa.
William Bierman, no real estate assessment in
1829. He was a brother-in-law of John Thompson.
He had much sickness in his family, and did not
remain long in Decatur.
Benjamin Cuddington, the southwest quarter of
section 29, township 15, range 3. He came from
New York State in 1824, and died in 1830. Most
of his family left the county soon afterwards, and
all are now dead.
John Cook, no assessment on lands in 1829. He
was from North Carolina, a member of the Society
of Friends, and emigrated to Iowa about 1842.
Seth Curtis, tract of one hundred and forty acres
on section 18, township 14, range 3. He came
from Kentucky, and moved from Decatur to Boone
County.
Aaron Coppock, no real estate assessment in 1829.
He died in 1840.
James Curtis, tract of one hundred and forty-seven
acres on section 18, township 14, range 3. He was
514
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
a Kentuckian. Moved from Decatur in 1845 to
Holt County, Mo. Died at the age of eighty-four
years.
Uriah Carson, no real estate assessed to him in
1829. He was a Quaker from North Carolina.
Died in 1860.
Dennis Cox, assessed on no property in 1829,
except one horse and a silver watch. He was from
North Carolina, and married the youngest daughter
of Asahel DoUarhide. He is now living near
Augusta.
Joshua Compton, assessed in 1829 on one horse,
two oxen, and one silver watch. He was a Quaker
from Ohio. Died in 1841.
John Cowgill, part of the northwest quarter of
section 23, township 14, range 2. He was a tanner,
and had a tan-yard on his farm.
Grimes Dryden, part of the northwest quarter of
section 18, township 14, range 3. He came from
Kentucky, and moved from Decatur to Atchison, Mo.,
about 1843.
James Dryden, the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 12, township 14, range 3. He
came from Kentucky, and afterwards returned to that
State.
James Epperson, the northeast quarter of section
33, township 15, range 2. He was a justice of the
peace. Died in 1833.
Abel Gibson, no real estate assessment in 1829.
He was a blacksmith and axe-maker. He removed
to Hamilton County, and died in 1880, at the age of
eighty-seven years. While in Decatur he was in-
terested in a wagon-shop with Abidan Bailey, who
was a wagon-maker by trade. Joseph Gibson was a
son of Abel.
Emanuel Glimpse, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 33, township 15, range 3. Lands
located in what is now a part of Perry township.
Andrew Hoover, Jr., the southeast quarter of
section 9, township 14, range 3. Lands east of
White River, now Perry township.
David Hinkston, the southwest quarter of section
36, township 15, range 2. East of river in what is
now Perry township.
Isaac Hawkins, the southwest quarter of section
36, township 15, range 2. He was from North
Carolina, and a member of the Society of Friends.
He left the township about 1833.
George Hayworth, no real estate in 1829. He
was a Quaker from North Carolina. Came to the
township in 1825. Died about 1875.
James Horton, no real estate in 1829. He came
to the township in 1824. Died about 1850. His
son James removed recently to Arkansas.
Henry Hobbs, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 23, township 14, range 2. He
removed to Tipton County.
Frederick Hartzell, no lands in 1829. He came
from Ohio. Removed from Decatur to Iowa. Died
about 1850.
Peter Hoffman, no lands in 1829. He came from
Ohio, and settled in the Bethel neighborhood in 1826.
Died in 1840, at ninety years of age.
Jesse Hawkins, the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 28, township 15, range 2. He
came from Carolina in 1825 or 1826. Died about
1858.
Mark Harris (colored), the west half of the south-
east quarter of section 21, township 14, range 3.
Parker Keeler, the east half of the northeast quar-
ter of section 36, township 15, range 2. He was a
Virginian by birth, moved thence to Ohio, thence to
Decatur township. He was one of the pioneer mem-
bers of the Bethel Methodist Church.
Noah Kellum, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 33, township 15, range 2. He
was a Quaker from North Carolina, came to Decatur
in 1824, but was only a temporary resident.
John Kenworthy, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 36, township 15, range 2. He
was from North Carolina, a member of the Society
of Friends, and father of William and John, Jr.
The latter moved to Iowa and thence to Texas.
John, Henry, and Larkin Munday, John and
Henry Myers, and James Martin were emigrants
from Kentucky, who came here before 1829 and
settled east of White River in that part of Decatur
which was afterwards joined to Perry township.
Alexander Mendenhall, no lands in 1829. He re-
moved to Hamilton County, where he died in 1882.
DECATUR TOWNSHIP.
515
Charles Merritt, no real estate in 1829. He re-
moved to Iowa many years ago.
Joseph Nunn, the southwest quarter of section 33,
township 15, range 3. He left tlie township and
moved West,
Frederick Price, no real estate in 1829. He came
from Butler County, Ohio, and removed from Deca-
tur to Arkansas.
John Rozier, the east half of the northwest quarter
of section 29, township 15, range 2; land now owned
by Martin Seerly. Rozier came from Ohio to Deca-
tur in 1826. George Rozier, son of Adam Rozier, is
now living in Morgan County.
John Sulgrove, the northwest quarter of section
28, township 15, range 3. His brother James had
the south part of the southwest quarter and their
brother Edward the remainder of the section, two
hundred and twenty-three acres. Eli Sulgrove, an-
other brother, had the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 32 of the same township. The
family came from Ohio. Edward, the eldest, never
married. Eli moved to Iowa about 1856. Jacob
Sulgrove, son of James, is named in the assessment
of 1829, but paid a poll-tax only.
Jacob Sutherland, part of the southwest quarter of
section 33, township 15, range 3. His wife was a
daughter of one of the Sulgroves.
Anthony Sells, no real estate in 1829, but after-
wards owned lands now embraced in the farm of A.
C. Remy. Sells was unmarried, and removed West
about 183G.
James Thompson, son of John Thompson, had no
land in 1829. He moved from Decatur to the West.
James Vorice (Voorhes?) owned no land, but lived
in a cabin on the farm of Jesse Wright.
John Wilson, the northeast quarter of section 22,
township 14, range 2. He was afterwards the owner
of part of .section 23. His lands south of the village
of West Newton are now owned by J. R. George.
He was a member of the Society of Friends, and re-
moved to Iowa about 1846. He died about 1879 at
a very advanced age.
Edward Wright, no lands in 1829. He came
from Ohio to Decatur, and moved thence to Missouri
about 1835. He was the father of Henry Wright
and of Peter N. Wright, who has been for several
years superintendent of the Marion County poor
farm.
John DoUarhide, the south half of the southeast
quarter of section 24, township 14, range 2. He
also owned part or all of the southwest quarter of
section 19, township 14, range 3. His homestead
is now owned and occupied by his daughter, Mrs.
Sawyer, and her husband. John DoUarhide died in
the winter of 1832.
Absalom DoUarhide, a tract of eighty acres not
clearly described in assessment-roll of 1829. The
land on which he settled is now owned by William
Boatright. Mr. DoUarhide moved to Illinois about
1834.
Zimri Brown, no real estate assessed to him in
1829. He came from North Carolina, and married
a daughter of Asahel DoUarhide. He removed from
Decatur township to Hamilton County.
Villages. — The most important village in the
township is -that of West Newton, which was laid
out by Christopher Furnas in April, 1851. Its loca-
tion is in the south part of the township and south
of the Vincennes Railroad. It has two churches
(Friends and Methodist), a fine two-story school-
house, a graded school, two physicians, a post-office,
two general stores, two blacksmith- and one wagon-
maker's shop, one undertaker's shop, one saw-mill,
and the railway station of the Vincennes line.
West Newton Lodge, No. 452, F. and A. M., was
chartered May 27, 1873. Philip McNabb, W. M. ;
Jeremiah R. George, S. W. ; Jesse A. Reynolds, J.
W. The names of the present officers have not been
obtained, though asked for. The lodge is in a flour-
ishing condition.
Valley Mills village, previously called Fremont,
and also Northport, was laid out as Fremont by Joe
Sanders in 1856, and laid out and platted under the
name of Northport, March 21, 1839 ; is located a
little north of the centre of the township, on the
Vincennes Railroad. It has a Friends' meeting-
house, and another of the Hicksite branch of the
same society, one commodious school-house of four
rooms, a graded school, post-office, one physician,
one general store, one grocery, a blacksmith- and
516
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
wagon-maker's shop, a saw-mill, and railroad station.
On the northeast, adjoining the village, is the fine
nursery and fruit farm of the Hon. John Furnas.
The village or town of Spring Valley was laid out
on the northwest quarter of section 10, township 15,
range 3, by Stephen Ward, in 1848 (plat recorded
January 4th of that year). Quite an extensive store
was opened, with a full stock of goods, a building
was erected for a hotel, a blacksmith-shop and a
wagon-shop were started, and several dwellings were
built and occupied by families, a physician located
there, and a post-ofl5ce was established. The town
flourished well for a time, but the rivalry of Fremont
and West Newton caused it to decline. The original
projector sold out his landed interest, and the mer-
chant became discouraged and left the place, as did
also the physician, when it became apparent that the
village and vicinity could not support him. Finally
the place was abandoned by all who felt any interest
in its prosperity or existence. The buildings were
dismantled, and the material removed to other places,
and Spring Valley was left with its name, but with
not enough of the marks of a town to lead a stranger
to suspect that one had ever existed there. A public
school-house is still there, but-there has been no post-
office or postmaster for Spring Valley for several
years.
Mills and Distilleries. — The first and only grist-
mill in Decatur was built by James A. Marrs and
Ira N. Holmes in 1854, at the southwest corner of
the southwest quarter of section 36, township 15,
range 2. It was a steam mill, with two boilers, two
engines, and three run of burrs, — two for wheat and
one for corn, with a capacity for making one hun-
dred barrels of flour in twenty-four hours. It did
both custom and merchant work. Holmes sold out
his interest to Marrs before the mill was finished.
Marrs completed it, and ran it until his death,
which occurred in October, 1857. His adminis-
trator kept it in operation for some years afterwards,
but it was found unprofitable, because the distance
from market or a shipping-place rendered the ex-
pense of hauling too great. The mill was then sold
to Fielding Beeler and Calvin Fletcher, and removed
by them to what is now Maywood. There it was re-
built, a saw-mill and new machinery added, and all
was operated vigorously till the spring of 1873 (Mr.
Beeler being the superintending partner), when it
was sold to other parties, but was not successfully
conducted, and finally the business was abandoned.
The machinery has since been sold and the building
dismantled.
The first saw-mill in Decatur was built about 1834
by Reuben Jessup, on Dollarhide Creek, on land now
owned by Isaiah George. The creek afi'orded water
enough to run the mill only during the wet season of
the year, but by gathering a head of water in the
pond it was able to do the necessary sawing of
lumber for the neighborhood. The mill was sold by
Jessup to Joseph Beeler, who ran it some three
years, then sold the machinery to Noah Sinks, who
erected a dam, race, and building lower down the
creek (near where it enters White River), on land
now owned by ex-County Commissioner A. C. Remy,
and moved the machinery of the mill to the new
site. Mr. Sinks was a good millwright, and his new
mill was well constructed and put in excellent order,
but in consequence of the leakage of an aqueduct,
which was necessary to carry the water at some
height over the bed of the creek, the mill was unable
to run with even as much success as it did on the old
site.
The only distillery in the township of which any
information has been gained was started by Stephen
Ward in 1857, on the old Eli Sulgrove farm, now
owned by the heirs of the late Jeremiah Mansur. Its
capacity was about twenty barrels of whiskey per day,
but it was not successful, and was soon abandoned.
Schools. — The first school in Decatur township
was taught in the winter of 1824-25, by Samuel
Wick, brother of Judge W. W. Wick, in one of the
cabins of Col. D. L. McFarland. In the fall of 1825
a cabin was built for school purposes on the land of
Jesse Wright, near its north line, and near the present
crossing of the Martin Seerly gravel road and the
Vincennes Railroad. In that cabin a school was
taught by Joseph Fassett, the earliest Baptist min-
ister of this section of country. It has not been
ascertained that any other person than he ever taught
in the cabin referred to.
DECATUR TOWNSHIP.
517
In 1826 or 1827 a house was built on the land of
John Thompson for school and church purposes, and
was called Liberty school-house and Liberty Church.
It was quite a pretentious structure for those days,
being of hewed logs with a loft of clapboards. The
west end was furnished with logs, hewed flat on the
upper side, and extending across the building, in-
tended for seating the men at meeting. When school
was taught in the room these same logs furnished
seats for the children, the feet of the smaller ones
hanging several inches above the floor. The east end
of the building had a fireplace, with jambs built up
of clay, which after two or three years gave place to
brick. The fireplace communicated with a " stick"
chimney on the outside of the building. The seats
in the east end were benches made of puncheons,
with legs fastened in auger-holes on the under side.
It was soon found that the fireplace was insufficient
to keep the room warm enough for even tolerable
comfort, and an old-fashioned box, or " six-plate" stove
was put in, it being the first of the kind ever seen in
this part of the country. It was hauled from Cin-
cinnati by Daniel Closser, one of the Vanderbilts of
those times, whose transportation line ran over a road
of mud and corduroy, and whose car was a wagon,
having a bed crooked up at each end like sled-run-
ners, boxes in the sides, feed-box at the back end, all
heavily ironed from end to end, with two heavy lock-
chains, one on each side, rattling in concert with the
bells on the harness of the four or six horses which
furnished the motive power.
A house for school purposes was built on land of
Absalom Dollarhide, occupying almost the exact spot
on which now stands the residence of William Boat-
right. This house was of round logs, two of which
were halved out at the sides and one end for win-
dows. In these openings split pieces of wood were
placed perpendicularly at the proper distances for
sashes, and greased paper stretched over them instead
of glass. The floor and seats were made of puncheons
(split logs), with the roughest splinters dressed ofi'
with an axe. It had no chimney but a hole left at
the comb of the roof for the smoke to pass out.
There was no fireplace but a few stones built against
the logs and plastered with clay, and no hearth but
the bare ground. A stick of wood nearly as long as
the width of the house was laid on the fire, and when
it burned in two the ends were chunked together
again. Another house, of the same description as
this, was built south of the present village of West
Newton, and near the south line of the township.
The first teacher in this was Benjamin Pucket. An-
other house was built a year or two later at the south-
west corner of Parker Keeler's land, about a quarter
of a mile west of the first site of Bethel meeting-
house (where the cemetery is located). Another
school-house was built and maintained for many years
by citizens of the Society of Friends, near the site of
their Beech Grove meeting-house. This was inde-
pendent of the public school organization or school
funds, and was for many years a very prosperous
school, attended by several pupils who have since
attained prominence in the educational institutions of
the county. Among these was Mr. Mills, who was
for many years assistant superintendent of the public
schools of the city of Indianapolis. A fine and com-
modious school-house is now located about a quarter
of a mile east of the site of this old house, and in it
a very well conducted and successful graded school is
maintained under the general school system, the old
organization having been abandoned. The house
stands in a pretty grove, a few rods southeast of Val-
ley Mills railroad station. There was also a school-
house built, and a school maintained, by the Friends
near the Beech Grove meeting-house. This has given
place to a spacious two-story frame school-house, in
which a prosperous school is maintained under the
present public school system.
Decatur township has now six school districts, and
the same number of school-houses (four frame, and
two of brick). Schools are taught in all the houses,
and there are graded schools in two of the districts.
In 1883, ten teachers were employed (three male and
seven female). Six teachers' institutes were held in
the township during the year. The average total daily
attendance was 244 ; whole number of children ad-
mitted to the schools, 400 ; average length of school
terms in the township in 1883, 160 days ; valuation
of school-houses and grounds, $16,000.
Chnrches. — The earliest church organization in
518
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Decatur township was that of the Baptist denomina-
tion, called Liberty Church, which was organized at
a meeting convened for that purpose at the house of
John Thompson, on the 8th of July, 1826, Joseph
Fassett, moderator, and Samuel McCormick, clerk of
the meeting. The members of this first organization
were John Thompson and Nancy his wife, John Dol-
larhide, Elisha Smith, George Stevens, Jane Beeler
(grandmother of Fielding Beeler, Esq., now of Wayne
township), Nancy McFarland (wife of Col. Demas
L. McFarland), Martha Sutherland, Mary Spickel-
moir, Rachel DoUarhide, Phebe Spickelmoir, Rebecca
Smith, and Rosanna Shoemaker. Meetings for relig-
ious worship had previously been held by these people
at the house of John Thompson ; and after the or-
ganization they were held at the same place regularly
every month, the preachers being Joseph Fassett,
William Irwin, and John Butterfield. On the second
Saturday in October, 1827, a meeting was held for
the first time in the house which had been erected
for both church and school purposes (as has been
mentioned in the account of the schools of the town-
ship). The record mentions the presence on this
occasion of ministers Irwin, Fassett, Butterfield, and
Cotton ; also, that a sister from Massachusetts (name
not given) preached to the congregation present.
When no regular minister was present the services
were often conducted by John Thompson as long as
he remained a resident of the neighborhood, up to
about 1837. When the split in the Baptist Church
occurred, as caused by the teachings of Alexander
Campbell, Liberty Church enrolled itself under his
leadership. John Thompson and other leading mem-
bers having removed from the county (and from
other causes). Liberty Church ceased to exist as an
organization ; no regular services were held after the
year 1841, and the church building was allowed to
fall into disuse and decay.
The next religious organization after Liberty
Church was that of the Friends worshiping at the
Easton meeting-house at West Newton. It dates
from the year 1827, and was from the start, and still
is, a well-maintained religious organization. The first
minister or preacher was Benjamin Pucket, who died
in 1829 or 1830, and was the second person interred
in the burial-ground connected with the meeting-
house.
The third church of the township was Bethel
(Methodist Episcopal), known to the worldly-minded
of those early days as " Brimstone Church," from the
preaching of one of its early ministers named Beck,
whose principal theme was " fire and brimstone." The
Rev. James Havens, noted in the early annals of
Methodism in this State, was also one of the earliest
preachers at Bethel. This organization is still in
active and prosperous life. Its old log church has
given place to a neat frame building, and though the
McCreerys and others of its original pillars have
passed away, their descendants and the new-comers
have taken up and continued its work.
Lick Branch Meeting of the Friends was organized
and a log meeting-house erected about 1830. The
old log structure was superseded by a frame house
which is still standing, but the organization ceased to
exist many years ago.
Beech Grove (Friends) Church was also organized
and a meeting-house erected about 1830. The or-
ganization still exists and is prosperous. A new
building has been erected near the site of the old one,
which is a few rods west of Valley Mills Station of
the Indianapolis and Vincennes Railroad.
The Centre, or " Starbuck" Church of the Friends
was organized about the year 1850. Its location is
on the west line of Decatur, against Hendricks
County, where many of its principal members reside.
The Mount Pleasant Baptist Church building — a
frame structure, erected about 1860 — is located a short
distance west of the residence of ex-County Com-
missioner A. C. Remy. Before the building of the
church, services were held in the vicinity, the first
minister who served the small congregation being the
Rev. Mr. McCray. From the erection of the church
to the present time, preaching has been held (gen-
erally monthly) with considerable regularity, though
there is now no church organization, and the people
who gather for worship at Mount Pleasant, having
no regular pastor, depend on services by ministers
from other places, among the principal of whom is
the Rev. Mr. Maybee, of Indianapolis.
Bnrial-Grovmds. — Near Liberty Church, at the
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
519
northeast corner of the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 29, township 15, range 3, is a free
public burial-place, the land for which was donated
by John Thompson. The first person buried in it
was Elizabeth Thompson, in 1828 or 1829.
The Bethel graveyard is adjoining the first site
of Bethel Church, near the northeast corner of the
west half of section 26, range 2.
Adjoining the site of the old Easton Friends'
meeting-house at West Newton is a free burial-
ground, in which the first interment was that of a
child of Thomas Barnet, in 1828. The second burial
in it was that of Benjamin Pucket, who died in 182*
or 1830. He was the first school-teacher and first
preacher at the Easton Friends' meeting.
On the river bluff, on land of Elijah Wilson, near
the east end of the south half of section 18, township
15, range 3, is an old burial-ground in which lie the
remains of several of the early settlers of the neighbor-
hood and some of later date, with a considerable num-
ber of children. Burials have been free, but the
ground has never been deeded or formally dedicated
to its sacred use, and it is now nearly abandoned as a
place of interment.
There is a small burial-ground on the land formerly
owned by Joseph Beeler, on the Spring Valley
gravel road. The first burial in it was that of a
child of Joseph Beeler, in October, 1826. It also
contains the graves of Mr. Beeler, his mother, his
brother Thomas, and several other members of his
family, and those of several of his neighbors and
friends. Burials have always been free in this
ground, though it was never formally consecrated.
There is a graveyard attached to the Centre, or
" Starbuck'' Friends' meeting-house grounds, on the
west line of the township ; another at Lick Branch
(Friends_) Church, and another at the Mount Pleasant
Baptist Church. There are also several places in
the township where from one to four or five graves
have been made together on private lands, but which
are not regarded as public burial-grounds, and in
some cases all traces of the graves are obliterated.
CHAPTER XXIL
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.i
The township of Franklin lies in the southeast
corner of Marion County, being bounded on the
north and west respectively by the townships of
Warren and Perry, on the south by Johnson
County, and on the east by the counties of Shelby
and Hancock. The township is traversed diagonally
from southeast to northwest by the line of the Cin-
cinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago Rail-
way. The principal stream is Buck Creek, which
enters the township across its north line a short dis-
tance west of its northeastern corner, flows through
the eastern part of Franklin in a general southward
direction, nearly parallel with the eastern line, and
leaves the township at a point near its southeastern
corner, joining its waters with those of Big Su^ar
Creek in Shelby County. Wild Cat and Indian
Creeks, Big Run', and several smaller streams are
tributaries of Buck Creek which flow in a south-
eastwardly direction through Franklin township to
their junctions with the main stream. Another
stream, which also bears the name of Buck Creek
(sometimes called Little Buck Creek), and is a
tributary to White River, flows from its sources in
Franklin southwestwardly into Perry township.
The surface of Franklin township is, like that of
other parts of the county, nearly level in some parts,
in others rolling, and in some parts hilly. The soil
is, in general, excellent, well adapted to most of the
purposes of agriculture, and the farmers working it
are well rewarded for the labor they bestow upon
it. The total population of the township in 1880
was two thousand six hundred and nine, as shown
by the returns of the United States census of that
year.
Franklin was laid oS and erected a town.ship of
Marion County by the board of county commissioners
on the 16th of April, 1822, and on the same day,
and by the same authority, Decatur, Perry, and
Franklin were (because none of the three were then
sufficiently populated for separate organization) joined
together as one township. This union of the three
1 By T. J. McCollum, Esq.
520
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
townships continued until the 12th of August, 1823,
when Decatur was made separate and independent
by order of the commissioners. Then Perry and
Franklin remained joined together as one until May
12, 1824, when, upon petition, and it being made to
appear to the commissioners that Perry and Franklin
had each a suflBcient number of inhabitants for
separate organization, the board ordered that Frank-
lin be taken from Perry, and that an election be held
on the 19th of June following, at the house of
William Rector, for the purpose of electing a justice
of the peace, John Ferguson to be inspector of the
said election.
Following is a list of township officers of Franklin
from its erection to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Peter Ilarmonson, June 28, 1822, to June 6, 1827 (for Perry,
Decatur, and Franklin, until their separation).
Henry D. Bell, Jan. 3, 1824, (o Oct. 6, 1827.
James Greer, Oct. 27, 1823, to Oct. 22, 1832.
Marine D. West, Aug. 24, 1829, to May, 1831 ; removed.
Isaac Baylor, Aug. 10, 1831, to June 24, 1836.
James Greer, Dec. 24, 1832, to Dec. 24, 1837.
Benjamin Morgan, April 18, 1836, to April 15, 1846.
Isaac Baylor, Aug. 1, 1836, to Aug. 1, 1841.
James Clark, Feb. 5, 1838, to Feb. 2, 1843.
Patrick Catterson, Sept. 20, 1841, to Sept. 20, 1846.
Ale.tander Carson, March 9, 1843, to March 9, 1848.
Benjamin Morgan, April 25, 1846, to Aug. 3, 1830 ; resigned.
Daniel McMullen, Nov. 7, 1846, to Nov. 7, 1851.
William M. Smith, April 19, 1848, to April 19, 1853.
William Power, Nov. 23, 1850, to Nov. 23, 1855.
Daniel McMullen, Nov. 17, 1851, to May 28, 1858; resigned.
James A. Hodges, April 19, 1853, to April 5, 1856; resigned.
William Power, May 5, 1856, to April 19, 1860.
Thomas J. McCollum, July 16, 1858, to July 16, 1862.
Lewis B. Willsey, April 19, 1860, to April 17, 1864.
James Morgan, April IS, 1860, to April 16, 1864.
George W. Morgan, July 16, 1862, to Jan. 29, 1864; resigned.
Richard L. Upton, April IB, 1S64, to Aug. 27, 1864; resigned.
Jefferson Russell, April 15, 1864, to April 15, 1868.
John T. Rynearson, April 17, 1864, to April 17, 1868.
James Hickman, Aug. 24, 1866, to Aug. 24, 1870.
Lewis B. Willsey, April 17, 1868, to April 17, 1872.
John T. Phemister, Oct. 25, 1870, to November, 1875 ; died.
George W. Morgan, Oct. 24, 1874, to November, 1875 ; died.
John Wilson, Nov. 22, 1875, to Oct. 25, 18S0.
John Porter, Dec. 30, 1875, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Lewis B. Willsey, Oct. 25, 1880, to Oct. 25, 1884.
John H. Peggs, Oct. 25, 1880, to Oct. 25, 1884.
TKUSTEBS.
John H. Ranilsdell, April 7, 1859, to April 16, 1863.
James A. Ferguson, April 16, 1863, to April 14, 1865.
Waller M. Benson, April 14, 1865, to April 20, 1868.
James L. Thompson, April 20, 1868, to Oct. 26, 1874.
Hiram H. Hall, Oct. 26, 1874, to April 8, 1878.
James L. Thompson, April 8, 1878, to April 19, 1880.
R. C. M. Smith, April 19, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
John Wilson, April 14, 1882, for two years.
ASSESSORS.
George L. Kinnard, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 7, 1828.
William Rector, Jan. 7, 1828, to Jan. 5, 1829.
John Bellis, Jan. 5, 1829, to Jan. 2, 1832.
Ahira Wells, Jan. 2, 1832, to Jan. 7, 1833.
■^ohn Bellis, Jan. 7, 1833, to May 5, 1835.
John H. Messinger, May 5, 1835, to Jan. 4, 1836.
Benjamin Morgan, Jan. 4, 1S36, to March 7, 1836.
William Townsenil, March 7, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
Benjamin Morgan, Jan. 2, 1837, to Dec. 6, 1841.
Bernard Leachman, Dec. 16, 1852, to Nov. 13, 1858.
James Morgan, Nov. 13, 1858, to Oct. 18, 1860.
Joseph S. Carson, Oct. 18, 1860, to Oct. 30, 1862.
Hiram H. Hall, Oct. 30, 1862, to Oct. 21, 1872.
Richard C. M. Smith, Oct. 21, 1872, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Richard C. M. Smith, March 18, 1875, to April 14, 1880.
James H. Gibson, April 14, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
Joseph N. Cunningham, April 14, 1882, to April 14, 1884.
The old Michigan road, traversing the territory
of Franklin township diagonally in a northwesterly
direction, had been cut out and underbrushed
(but not graded or grubbed) through a great part of
this region as early as 1820, and it was over the route
of that road that many of the pioneers came to Marion
County. The first settlements within what is now
Franklin township were made by people who came
over this old thoroughfare and located not far from
its line, in the east and southeast parts of the present
township, along the valley of Buck Creek.
It is believed (though the fact cannot now be
established by absolute proof) that the first white
settler within the present boundaries of Franklin
township was William Rector, who came here from
Ohio in the year 1820, and built his cabin on lands
bordering Buck Creek. It was at his house that the
first election of the township was held (as before
mentioned) on the 19th of June, 1824. On the
earliest assessment-roll of the township which can
now be found (that of the year 1829) the name of
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
521
William Rector appears assessed on one hundred and
sixty acres of land, the northeast quarter of section
10, township 14, range 5; also on two oxen and
three horses. He was an extensive dealer (for those
times) in hogs, of which he drove large numbers to
Lawrenceburg and Cincinnati. Mr. Rector was a
prominent man in the Methodist Church, and was a
member and leader of the first class of that denomina-
tion in the township, which was organized at his house
in 1827. He had three sons and several daughters.
Having remained an inhabitant of Franklin township
for more than a quarter of a century, he, about 1848,
sold out his possessions here and removed with his
family to Iowa. One of his sons afterwards returned
to Franklin township and married a daughter of Isaac
Baylor, one of the pioneers of this region.
Maj. John Belles (who received his title from ser-
vice in that grade in the war of 1812) came from
Scott County, Ky., in 1820, and first stopped on the
Bradley farm, just south of the city of Indianapolis,
where he remained two years, during which time his
wife died, leaving him with a family of five sons and
tliree daughters. In 1822 he moved into Franklin
township, and settled on the line of the old Michigan
road, near where it crosses the line dividing the town-
ships of Franklin and Warren. The land on which
he located was still owned by the government, and he
did not become a purchaser until a number of years
later. At this place he erected his first dwelling,
which was constructed of rails, with a wagon cover
hung up in front for a door. His third son, Caleb,
was at this time twelve years old, and the cooking and
household duties fell on him for a few years, until his
father married a widow by the name of Snell, who
was a sister of Dr. John Sanders and William Sanders,
of Indianapolis. He erected a more comfortable house
in which to live after his marriage, and commenced
keeping a tavern.
When Maj. Belles settled in Franklin township
his nearest neighbor was a man named Doyle, who
lived midway between Indianapolis and the Belles
tavern stand, which was six miles southeast from the
town. This tavern was a very popular one with the
traveling public, and there was always an extra effort
made by travelers to reach it for lodging at night.
After the capital of the State was moved to Indian-
apolis the representatives and senators from the
southeast part of the State made it a point to stop
with the major on their way to and from the General
Assembly. Maj. Belles continued to keep this tavern
until his death in 1838. His son Caleb settled on
the school section in 1838. His wife was Lewis
0 Neal's daughter Mary, to whom he was married in
1836. The farm of Maj. John Belles was bought
by William Morrison, after which it passed through
other hands, and is now owned and occupied by
William Sloan.
Although the first settlements in Franklin were
among the very earliest made in Marion County, and
although within four years from the time when the
pioneer, William Rector, built his lonely cabin in the
solitude of the Buck Creek Valley the township had
become sufficiently populous to entitle it to a separate
and independent organization, it appears certain that
the greater part of the people living here at that time
were but squatters rather than permanent settlers ;
for, even as late as nine years after the first settle-
ment, it is shown (by the assessment-roll of 1829)
that only eight hundred and seventy-five and one-
half acres of land was assessed to resident owners or
holders, and only eight hundred acres to non-resident
owners, leaving more than nine-tenths of the area of
the township still in possession of the government.
The roll referred to shows that in the year 1829
only nine persons, residents in Franklin township,
were assessed on lands, while those who paid the poll
tax, but were assessed on no real estate, were thirty-
nine in number, named as follows, viz. :
Simeon Adams.
William Adams.
William Adair.
Moses Barker.
John Belles.
Robert Brown.
Benson Cornelius.
Robert Carthen.
James Greer.
William Griffith.
William Hines.
Israel Jennings.
Joshua Jackson. .
Elijah Jackson.
John Miller.
George Montgomery.
George R. McLaughlin.
James McLain.
James B. McLain.
John Messinger.
Henry Martin.
Aquilla W. Noe.
Lewis O'Neal.
John Perkins.
522
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
James Pool. William P. Smith.
Thomas Rowes. James Turner.
John Smither. Josiah B. Toon.
John Smither, Jr. John Walden.
Lewis Smither. Marine D. West.
James Smither. William West.
Willis Smither. Stephen Yager.
James Skelly.
Following are given the names of the resident
landholders of Franklin township in 1829 (excepting
William Rector, who has already been mentioned),
together with a description of the lands on which
each was assessed, as shown by the assessment-roll,
viz. :
John Ferguson, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 28, township 15, range 5, and the
west half of section 27 in the same township. Mr.
Ferguson was appointed by the county commission-
ers inspector of the election held at the house of
William Rector in June, 1824, which was the first
election held in Franklin after it became a separate
and independent township.
Jeremiah Burnet, the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 3, township 14, range 5. Also
one horse, two oxen, and a silver watch.
Thomas Berry, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 3, township 14, range 5.
Peter Carberry, fifty acres in the west half of the
southwest quarter of section 15, township 14, range
5. Carberry came to this township in 1826, and
settled where the village of Acton now is.
Jacob Rorick, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 3, township 14, range 5.
Daniel Smith, the southeast quarter of section 10,
township 14, range 5.
George Tibbitts, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 10, township 14, range 5. Mr.
Tibbitts came here from the south part of the State
in 1824. He was a tanner by trade, and built a
tannery on his lands in 1828. In 1845 he sold out
his property in Franklin township to Samuel Parsley
and moved to Iowa.
Daniel Skelly, the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 3, township 14, range 5.
Reuben Adams came to Franklin township in
1825, cleared a piece of land, and put in a crop. In
1826 he brought his family here, and died in the
same year. He had nine sons and two daughters.
His daughter Lorinda married James Skelly about
1830. His son, William Adams, settled on a farm
which he afterwards sold to John Smither, who sold
to Samuel McGaughey. It is now occupied by John
E. McGaughey.
Lewis O'Neal emigrated from Kentucky in 1825,
and settled in Franklin township, near New Bethel,
on one hundred and sixty acres of land which he
purchased from the government about four years later,
and which is now owned and occupied by George
Adams and Isaac Shimer. O'Neal's daughter Mary
married Caleb Belles Nov. 10, 1836. Richard, son
of Lewis O'Neal, married Charlotte Vickers. He
died in Indianapolis. Susan O'Neal married Harvey
Sebern in 1839. Kitty, another daughter of Lewis
O'Neal, married Eli Maston and removed to Ken-
tucky.
James Pool emigrated from Ohio to Marion
County, Ind., in 1828, and settled on forty acres of
land which he afterwards sold to William Faulkner,
and he to David Brumley.
Benson Cornelius came to this township in 1827.
He was assessed on no land in 1829, but he settled
on an eighty-acre tract, which he sold to Henry
Childers about 184(1. Childers sold to Haven-
ridge, and he to John Hill, who is the present owner.
Israel Jennings made his settlement in this town-
ship in 1827. He was not assessed on any lands in
1829, but he became the owner of the eighty-acre
tract on which he settled. About 1840 he sold it to
Isaac Collins, the present owner.
John Messinger came from Decatur County, Ind.,
to Franklin township about 1824. He was not a
land-owner in 1829, but became such immediately
afterwards, and built on his land the mill known as
the Messinger mill. In 1840 he sold his property
in this township and removed to Iowa.
John Miller came to Franklin township about
1826, and located on lands which he purchased three
or four years later. In 1853 he sold out to William
Miller, who afterwards sold the land to Thomas
Porteus.
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
523
Josiah B. Toon settled in this township in 1828.
His name appears on the assessment-roll of 1829, but
he was not at that time assessed on any real estate.
M. S. Toon came to the township in 1830, and his
father, John Toon, in 1831. The first wife of M. S.
Toon was a daughter of James Davis, one of the
earliest settlers in Warren township.
Willis Smither (who also married a daughter of
James Davis, of Warren township) came to Franklin
township in 1827. The assessment-roll of 1829
does not show that he was then a land-holder, but
when he came to the township he took up and settled
on the land on which he now lives. His brothers
John and Lewis had come to this township some time
before him, but neither of their names appear as
land-holders in 1829. John Smither bought the
farm of William Adams (son of Reuben Adams),
and afterwards sold it to Samuel McGaughey.
William P. Smith settled in this township, near
New Bethel, in 1826. In 1829 he paid no tax on
real estate, but was assessed only on one horse and
one silver watch. Only four other persons in the
township were the owners of silver watches at the
time, viz., Jeremiah Burnet, Maj. John Belles,
George R. McLaughlin, and James B. McLain. Mr.
Smith was one of the first school-teachers in the
township. He afterwards became the owner of lands
which he sold to David Marrs. Marrs sold the farm
to Knowles Shaw, whose widow still owns and
occupies it.
John Leeper came from Dearborn County, Ind.,
about 1832, and settled in this township at the
" Pigeon Roost," on land now owned and occupied
by Isaac Golden. Joseph Leeper, son of John, set-
tled on land now owned and occupied by Oliver
Holmes.
Stephen Glasco migrated from Rush County, Ind.,
to this township about 1837, and settled on lands, a
part of which are now owned by Jonas Hamlyn. A
part of the Glasco tract passed to the ownership of
John Maze.
Richard Hamlyn came from England to America
with his wife and children in 1849 ; located in Hamil-
ton County, Ohio, remained there several years, and
in 1857 came to Franklin township, where he bought
the farm owned by George Dillender. He died about
186.5. His son Jonas came to this township from
Franklin County, Ind., in 1860, and bought from
William Leeper a tract of land which had been first
located and settled on by Stephen Glasco. John
Hamlyn, son of Richard and brother of Jonas, mar-
ried Amanda Clark (half-sister of James Clark) in
1859, and settled on the farm which his father had
owned, and on which he (John) still lives. Elizabeth,
sister of Jonas and John Hamlyn, is the wife of Isaac
Golden, who owns and lives on the farm on which
John Leeper settled at the " Pigeon Roost."
Joseph Wheatley came to this township about
1830, and located on a farm which had been entered
by Marine D. West. The farm is still owned by the
Wheatley family.
George Eudaly, a native of Virginia, came from
Kentucky to this township in 1830, and afterwards
settled on what was known as the Nosseman farm,
the land of which had been entered by a Mr. Chown-
ing, and sold to John Nosseman, who came here from
Virginia. Neither Chowning, Nosseman, or Eudaly
appear on the assessment-roll of 1829. The land
which they owned in succession is now owned and
occupied by Henry Laws.
William Beckley came to this township from Ken-
tucky in 1832, and lived for about one year on the
David Morris farm ; then bought from James Grif-
fith the farm he now lives on.
Joseph Perkins came here in an early day, and set-
tled on and owned the farm where Joseph Clark now
lives. Alexander Perkins, son of Joseph, married a
daughter of William Griffy.
George Hickman was a settler who came from
Ohio in 1836, and bought a tract of land extending
from the eastern border of Franklin township across
the eastern line into Hancock County. It was in
that county, on the eastern part of his land, that he
first built his cabin, but he soon afterwards made his
residence on the west part of his tract in this town-
ship, where he is now living at the age of sixty-eight
years.
Jacob Springer, a carpenter by trade, came from
Ohio in 1833, and settled on the old Michigan road
near New Bethel. His two sons, John J. and David,
524
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
are now living in the township. John J. Springer
owns and occupies the land which Ephraim Fray re-
ceived as his portion of the estate of his father, who
settled on a tract of one hundred and sixty acres on
Buck Creek in 1828. The farm of the elder Fray
was divided between his son Ephraim and his daugh-
ter, Susan Fray.
James Clark came here from Jennings County,
Ind., in February, 1835, and settled on the same
farm that he now occupies. The land had been
entered in 1832 or 1833 by John Van Cleve.
James Turner came from Kentucky in 1828, and
settled one hundred and sixty acres of land on Little
Buck Creek, and on the line of the Morgan trace,
now the Indianapolis and Shelbyville road.
Nehemiah Smith came from Kentucky in 1830,
and settled a halfsection of land on Little Buck
Creek. He died about 184U.
Abraham Hendricks was married in Kentucky in
1825 to a daughter of Nehemiah Smith. He moved
to this township in 1830, and settled eighty acres of
land on Little Buck Creek, and now owns and lives
on the same, being in the eighty-seventh year of his
age.
Ninirod Kemper came from Kentucky in 1832,
and settled one hundred and sixty acres of land on
the line of the Morgan trace. He died about 18t)7.
Nimrod Par and Nimrod Kemper, his grandchildren,
now live on his old homestead farm.
Stephen K. Tucker came from Kentucky in 1834,
and bought out Hampton Bryan, who then returned
to Kentucky. Mr. Tucker still lives on the land
which he bought of Bryan.
W. W. White came from Kentucky in 1824, with
his mother and her family, and settled on Lick Creek,
in Perry township, where he remained until 1833,
when he married and moved to this township, and
settled on the eighty acres of land which he still
owns and occupies.
James McLain came from Kentucky in 1 828, and
settled on Little Buck Creek, on one hundred and
sixty acres of land which he purchased a year or two
after his settlement. He erected a horse-mill, which
cracked corn for the neighboring farmers for a num-
ber of years. After his death his sons James B.
and John came in possession of his lands, John hav-
ing the north half, and James B. the south. The
latter removed West and sold his farm here, which is
now occupied by Mrs. Wolcott. John McLain died
in 1872. His son John now lives on the farm.
Another son, Moses G., served in the Seventieth In-
diana Volunteer Regiment in the war of the Rebel-
lion, losing a hand in the service. He is now clerk
of Marion County.
George B. Richardson emigrated from Kentucky
in 1831, and settled eighty acres of laud, and re-
mained on it until 1834, when he moved to New
Bethel, Franklin township, where he went to work
at his trade of blacksmith. He remained there until
1837, when he bought eighty acres of land of Patrick
Catterson, and remained on it several years, after
which he sold to Brown, and he to Thomas Schooly,
who resides there at the present time. G. B. Rich-
ardson moved back to the land on which he first
settled, and is still living there.
Samuel Smith came from Kentucky to Fayette
County in 1820 with his father. He moved into
Ru.sh County in 1821, and remained there until
1834, when he married, and moved to this town-
ship, and settled on the fractional quarter-section of
one hundred and fifteen acres where he now reside.'.
William Powers came from Kentucky to Rush
County in, 1821, and remained there until 1834,
when he came to this township and settled eighty
acres of land, and lived on it until his death, about
1870. Samuel Smith now owns the land.
Jacob Mathews came from Ohio in 1833, and set-
tled on eighty acres, where he lived until his death,
about 1872. He was the father of Harvey R.
Mathews, of this township.
James Tolen came from Ohio in 1833, and settled
on eighty acres of land, where he lived until his
death, about 1873. It is now owned by Andrew
Collins. James Tolen, son of Jacob, settled eighty
acres adjoining his father's farm, and now lives on
the same.
Nathaniel Smith emigrated from Kentucky to
Rush County in 1821, and came to this township
in 1834. He was married to a daughter of Patrick
Catterson, and settled on Little Buck Creek, where
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
525
he commenced a tannery, and carried it on until
about 1854, when he closed out and removed to
Brazil, Ind.
John Graham came from Pennsylvania in 1821,
and settled on Lick Creek, in Perry township, where
he died in an early day, leavinc; a wife, two daugh-
ters, and four sons, of whom William M. Graham
was the oldest. He was born in December, 1824;
was married to Emily Kelley, of Perry township, in
1848, and moved into Franklin town.ship in 1850,
and settled on eighty acres of land entered by Patrick
Catterson in 1833, and sold by him to Charles B.
Watt in 1834. Graham is now living on the same
land.
Ethelbert Bryan settled in 1836 on the farm now
owned by Shepler Fry, who came here in 1854, and
purchased from Bryan. Mr. Fry's farm is the most
thoroughly underdrained and the best cultivated of
any in the township.
William Morris came in 1834, and settled on the
farm since well known as the David Morris farm.
Thomas E. Moore came from Kentucky in 1834,
and settled on the farm where his son Daniel now
lives.
William C. Adair came to Franklin township in
1836, and settled on land now owned by John
Fike.
Morgan Bryant, a comparatively early settler in
thi.s township, located on the land now owned and
occupied by William McGregor.
Thomas Craft made his first settlement in this
township on land which had been previously entered
by James Fisk. John Craft, son of Thomas, now
owns a part of the tract.
Jacob Smock came to Marion County from JefiFer-
8on County, Ind., Jan. 1, 1837. He at first located
in Perry township, where he remained two years,
and in 1838 came to Franklin township, and entered
tlie land on which he now lives, and which was the
last tract entered in Marion County.
New Bethel, a village of one hundred and fifty
inhabitants, situated in the northern central part of
the township, was laid out by J. 11. Messinger for
Mary Adams in the year 1834, the town plat
being recorded on the 24th of March in that
year.
The first store in the village was opened by
Davis & McFarland, who were followed in the busi-
ness successively by Greer & Toon, Patrick Catter-
son, Samson Barbee, Lewis B. Wilsey, the last
named commencing in 1850. Another store was
opened by Richard O'Neal and W. G. Toon, who
sold out to Wilson, who was succeeded by Harlan &
McMullen, and Harlan & Silvers, who continued till
1863. J. C. Van Sickel commenced merchandising
about 1865, and continued till 1869, when he sold
to L. B. Wilsey and John Wilson. In 1872 Wilsey
sold his interest to Wilson, who in 1875 sold to
David Brumley, who in 1876 sold a half interest to
Henry Brown. In 1877 Brumley sold his remain-
ing interest to A. Helms, and he in 1879 sold to
Henry Brown, who is still in trade. The other store
of the village at the present time is carried on by
John Wilson and Henry Bond.
The pottery business was established by Patrick
Catterson at the commencement of the village in 1834.
Mrs. James Pool now has a jar made by Catterson in
1836. The first blacksmith of the village was George
B. Richardson. The first wagon-maker was Jacob
Springer. A saw-mill was built at this place in
1835 by John Smither, Lewis O'Neal, and Jacob
Springer.
The first physician of the village was Dr. Lawrence.
Then came Drs. Hoyt, Orsemus Richmond, and Wil-
liam Presley. The last named practiced in New
Bethel and vicinity from 1845 to 1847, after which
he moved to Indianapolis. During the last year of
his practice in New Bethel he was associated in
partnership with Dr. S. M. Brown, who has from
that time to the present remained in practice as the
physician of the village and surrounding country.
In 1852, Dr. Brown was married to Mahala Brady,
who died in 1867. She was a daughter of Henry
Brady, Esq., a pioneer settler of Warren township.
Poplar Grove is a cluster of five or six houses
located on the railroad in the northwestern part of
the township. There was once a post-ofiBce there,
but it was discontinued, and now the place has no
pretensions to the name of a village.
526
HTSTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Gallaudet is not a village, but merely a post-ofiBce
and station on the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis
and Chicago Railway.
The village of Acton is situated in the southeastern
part of Franklin township, on the line of the Cin-
cinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago Railway.
The land which forms the site of the village is a part
of the tract originally owned by the pioneer settler,
Peter Carbery, but which in 1852 was owned by
Thomas Wallace. The village was laid out in that
year by John E. Stretcher, surveyor, for Thomas
Wallace and Thomas Ferguson, the town plat being
recorded October 22d in the year named. There
would probably never have been any village at that
point but for the building of the railroad, which was
at that time approaching completion, and which was
opened for travel in September of the following year.
The original name of the town was Farmersville,
which was afterwards changed to Acton, to avoid
confusion in the mail service, as there was already a
post-office named Farmersville in the State.
Upon the establishment of the post-office at Acton,
John Daily was appointed postmaster ; and his suc-
cessors in the office have been (in the order named)
Joseph Pierson, Samuel Rosengarten, Reuben Con-
way, Joseph Brenton, George W. Morgan, N. T.
Parker, George W. Vaughn, D. W. Pierson, John
Foley, and (again) D. W. Pierson, who is the present
incumbent.
The first merchants of the village were John Al-
bright and William Duval, who opened their store in
a log building in 1852. The next was John Daily,
who opened in 1853, and continued until 1855, when
he sold to Joseph Pierson and William Leeper. The
latter sold his interest in the store to Pierson, who
carried on the business until 1858, when he sold out
at auction and removed to Iowa.
Salathiel T. Pierson commenced merchandising at
Acton in 1853, and continued till his death in Sep-
tember, 1855. Dugald McDousall commenced in
about 1858 and continued till 1864. Rev. Thomas
Ray was a merchant in Acton from 1858 to 1860,
and Warren Stacy from 1860 to 1866. The three
general stores of the village at the present time
(January, 1884) are carried on respectively by D.
W. Pierson, George W. Swails, and James W. Swails.
The first physician of Acton was Dr. William Scott,
who came in 1855, and remained but a short time.
Dr. Johnson located in the village in the fall of
1855, and remained about one year. Dr. Samuel Mc-
Gaughey, who was reared and educated in Franklin
County, and married a daughter of Madison Morgan,
of Shelby County, Ind., located in Acton in 1856,
and has remained in practice in the village and vicinity
until the present time. Dr. T. N. Bryant came about
1857. He was in partnership with Dr. McGaughey
for about a year, after which he removed to Illinois,
but returned to Marion County and located in Indian-
apolis. Dr. Philander C. Leavitt, who resided at
Pleasant View, Shelby Co., at the opening of the war
of the Rebellion, entered the service of the United
States as a private soldier, was promoted to surgeon,
and soon after the close of the war located in Acton,
where he remained in practice till his death in 1882.
Dr. J. W. Spicer, who is now in practice in Acton,
located in the village about 1879.
Acton is now a village of about three hundred and
fifteen inhabitants, and has four churches (three Prot-
estant and one Catholic), one school-house (built in
1876, at a cost of six thousand dollars), one graded
school, three physicians, three general stores, one boot-
and shoe-store (by Henry Baas), one drug-store (by
John Curry), two wagon-shops (by Daniel Gillespie
and Hamilton Brothers), two blacksmith-shops, a
steam saw-mill (built in 1853 by John McCollum &
Sons, and now operated by A. H. Plymate), a steam
flouring-mill (built about 1860 by Jacob Rubush,
John Ferrin, and Solomon Hahn, and now operated
by Mr. Hahn), a Masonic lodge, and a lodge of the
order of Odd-Fellows.
Pleasant Lodge, No. 13-t, F. and A. M., was
1854, and continued about one year. James Morgan ! organized at Pleasant View, Shelby Co., in May,
and Peter Swigart commenced at about the same time. ' 1852, with eight members. About four years after
John Threlkill commenced in 1855, and continued in I the organization it was removed to Acton, where a
trade about three years. N. J. Parker commenced frame building, twenty-five by fifty feet in size, was
FEANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
527
erected, and the upper story fitted and furnished as
a lodge-room, while the lower story was rented for
store purposes. In 1873 the building was destroyed
by fire, with a total loss of the furniture and records
of the lodge. In 1875 a brick building, twenty-four
by sixty feet in size, was erected on the same site, at
a cost of four thousand one hundred and sixty dollars.
The lower story is occupied as a store by D. W.
Pierson, and above it is the Masonic Hall. The
lodge has now a membership of fifty. The present
officers are William Cooper, W. M. ; William T.
Cummins, S. W. ; John Hanahan, J. W. ; Austin
Daugherty, Sec. ; Solomon Hahn, Treas. ; George
Clover, S. D. ; Dr. J. W. Spicer, J. D. ; John Means,
Tiler.
Acton Lodge, No. 279, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted
June 20, 1867, with the following-named members:
J. C. P. Stage, E. T. Wells, Joseph Fittsgeval, C. C.
Weaver, Charles J. Phemister, J. G. Clark, Allen
Drake, S. Rosengarten, John A. Johnson, William
C. Nicholas, John Porter, James H. Clark, Joseph
R. Johnson.
The lodge now has fifteen past grand officers,
sixteen active members, and property valued at about
one thousand dollars. The hall is in the second
story of the building, over the store of George W.
Swails. The present officers of the lodge are : John
Craft, N. G. ; James Matthews, V. G. ; J. Swails,
Sec. ; G. W. Swails, Treas. ; Charles C. Weaver,
Per. Sec.
The grounds of the Acton Camp-Meeting Associa-
tion, adjoining the village of Acton on the northwest,
being the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter
of section 16, township 14, north of range 5 east,
were purchased of the Rev. John V. R. Miller
for about one thousand dollars, and laid out and
buildings erected for camp-meeting purposes about
1859. The buildings were destroyed by fire about
1863 ; were rebuilt, and again burned about three
years later, when the present buildings were erected.
The camp-meetings held yearly on this ground are
very largely attended, as many as forty thousand
people having sometimes been present in a single
day.
The Union Aiiricultural Fair Association of Frank-
lin township was first organized as a grange associa-
tion, and its name afterwards changed to the present
one. Hitherto the fairs of the association have been
held on grounds (about twelve acres) rented for the
purpose on the farm of John P. Overhiser, about
three miles west of Acton ; but this arrangement was
not intended to be a permanent one, and the fairs
will be held in future on grounds adjoining the
village.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Acton was
first organized at the house of William Rector, on
the northeast quarter of section 10, township 14,
range 5 east, about the year 1827. It was formed
by the following-named members : William Rector
and wife, George Tibbitts and wife, John Walden and
wife, Jeremiah Burnett and wife, with William Rector
and George Tibbitts as leaders. About 1830 they
built a house of worship on the land of William Rec-
tor, which was twenty-eight by thirty-six feet, and
constructed of hewn logs, as was the custom in that
day. The church was served by the following-named
preachers or pastors (in what order cannot be given)
Revs. James Havens, Francis McLaughlin, Elijah
Whitten, David Burt, Jacob Miller, John V. R.
Miller, Landy Havens, George Havens, David Hav-
ens, James Corwin, Baherrell, and Greenly
McLaughlin, with William Rector as exhorter or
local preacher.
About 1846, William Rector moved to Iowa, and
the class began to decline and became quite weak.
In 1852 they organized a class at the school-house,
one and one-half miles southwest, where the village
of Acton was laid out in the same year. They con-
tinued to hold their meetings in the sehool-house
until the fall of 1855, at which time they had a
church edifice sufficiently near completion to hold
their services in, but it was not dedicated until June,
1856. In the fall of 1853 they held the quarterly
meeting in the warehouse of John Daily, in Acton.
After the class was moved from Rector's chapel to
Acton, John Daily, William Crosson, Henry Mc-
Roberts, David Rayburn, Joseph Brenton, and C. C.
Butler were class-leaders up to 1860.
They had for pastors or preachers the Rev. George
528
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Havens for 1853, Rev. Thouias Ray for 1854-55,
Rev. John V. R. Miller for 1856, Rev. John Brouce
for 1857, Rev. Chivington for 1858, Rev.
Patrick Carlin for 1859, Rev. Elijah Whitten for
1860, Rev. F. S. Potts for 1861, Rev. R. Roberts
for 1862-63, Rev. M. Mitchell for 1864, Rev. A.
Lotten for 1865-66, Rev. J. H. Tomlinson for 1867
-68, Rev. Henry Wright for 1869, Rev. B. F. Mor-
gan for 1870, Rev. Thomas W. Jones for 1871-72
(number of members at this time, sixty-five), Rev. P.
S. Turk for 1873-74 (number of members at this
time, eighty). Rev. E. S. Spencer for 1875-76 (num-
ber of members at this time, one hundred and twelve).
Rev. P. S. Cook for 1877-78, Rev. William Nich-
ols for 1879-80, Rev. R. L. Kinnear tor 1881, Rev.
Albert Cain for 1882-83. Present number of mem-
bers, one hundred and thirteen. The church building
was burned Dec. 24, 1879, the fire being caused by
a defective flue. They commeDced to rebuild is
May, 1881, and completed the building so that it
was dedicated on the 31st of July of the same year.
The building is a brick structure, thirty-four by forty-
eight feet, and cost three thousand dollars.
The officers of the church at this time are : Trus-
tees, Jonas Hamlyn, David Rayburn, Frederick Doke,
and Jacob Tolen ; Secretary, Austin Daugherty. Jonas
Hamlyn was class-leader from 1875 to 1881. David
Rayburn is the class-leader at the present time. The
present stewards are James Copeland, Herbert E.
Hamlyn, Charles Doke, W. S. Clover. Connected
with the church is a Sunday-school having an aver-
age attendance of seventy. Jonas Hamlyn has been
for five or six years and is at present the superin-
tendent.
The New Bethel Baptist Church was organized
on the 7th of April, 1827, with eight members, as
follows : James Greer, Lewis O'Neal, David Woods,
James Davis, Elizabeth Greer, Achsah Woods,
Catharine O'Neal, and Elizabeth Davis. The Rev.
Abraham Smock was called to the pastorate of the
church, and served until December, 1832, during
which time there was a number added to the church.
In the year of the organization (1827) they built
a hewn-log house, twenty-four by twenty-eight feet,
with a large fireplace and split slabs for seats. In
this they felt they had a comfortable place to worship
God.
In January, 1833, the Rev. John Richmond was
chosen pastor for one year. In February, 1834, the
Rev. Thomas Townsend became pastor for one year.
In June, 1835, a council met with the church and
ordained Ebenezer Smith to the ministry. From
1835 to 1838 they were without a pastor. Town-
send and Smith (being members of the church)
supplied them alternately. In 1838 they called
Townsend and Smith to supply the pulpit on al-
ternate Sabbaths, and they served until 1848.
In 1842 the church by a council ordained John
Ransdell to the gospel ministry. In 1843 the
church built a frame building, thirty-six by forty-
eight feet, at a cost of one thousand dollars. In
1848 the Rev. Madison Hume was called to the,
pastoral care of the church, and continued until
1852, when the Rev. Michael White was called to
the pastorate. In May, 1853, Rev. James S. Gil-
lespie was called to the pastorate, and he continued
his services until 1859, when the Rev. J. H. Razor
was called to the care of the church. In 1860, Rev.
Stewart became their pastor. In 1863, Rev. J.
H. Razor was again called to the care of the church.
In 1866 the Revs. James M. Smith and A. J.
Essex hold a meeting of two weeks, at which meet-
ing ninety-three were added to the church, seventy-
eight of them by baptism. At the same time the
Rev. James M. Smith was called to the pastoral
care of the church. While he was pastor they
erected a new church building of brick, thirty-six by
fifty feet, at a cost of four thousand dollars.
In 1869 the Rev. F. M. Buchanan was called to
the pastoral care of the church, and served them
until 1880. The Rev. N. Harper was pastor in
1881 and 1882. In 1883 the Rev. T. J. Conner
was called to the pastorate. The membership at this
time is one hundred and seventy-three. The Sun-
day-school has an average attendance of seventy-five,
with John Grames as superintendent.
The Baptist Church at the Forks of Little
Buck Creek was organized on the 8th of June,
1833, at the house of Nehemiah Smith, by a council
from the followinsr-named churches : Lick Creek
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
529
Church, Abraham Sraock, Thomas Townsend, Thomas
Bryan, Jacob Smock, and Luke Bryan ; Bethel
Church, Joel Kemper, Lewis Smither, and John J.
Belles ; Pleasant Run Church, John Perry and Wil-
liam Herring. The council was organized by electing
Abraham Smock moderator and Thomas Townsend
clerk, after which they adopted articles of faith,
which were signed by the following-named constitu-
ent members : Elijah Vise. Susan Vise, Nehemiah
Smith, Sarah Smith, William Forsythe, Sarah For-
sythe, Edmond Lovitt, Mary Lovitt, Abraham Hen-
dricks, Susan Hendricks, Frank Smith, Rebecca
Perkins, Elizabeth Vise, Susan Vise, Francis Vise,
Nathaniel Vise, Polly Vise, Benson Cornelius, Debo-
rah Cornelius, Thomas McFarland, Betsy McFar-
land, and Sarah Wikoff.
The first pastor of the church was the Rev.
Thomas Townsend, who served them for two years ;
then Rev. Abraham Smock served them for two
years ; then Ebenezer Smith. (Here the records are
missing.) Since 1868 the followiug-named ministers
have served the church as pastors, viz. : Peterson K.
Par, Daniel Caudle, and Robert Thompson. P. K.
Par and Robert Thompson are now serving the
church alternately as pastors. Services are held
once a month. The church has now thirty-six mem-
bers. Nimrod Par is church clerk.
The Presbyterian Church at Acton was first
organized iu Perry township. On the 30th of
March, 1833, a few Presbyterians met at the house
of Mrs. Mary Sebern, one and one-half miles north
of where Southport now stands, and, after a sermon
preached by the Rev. Dr. Woods, from Proverbs
xxviii. 4, the New Providence (now Acton) Presby-
terian Church was organized. John S. Sebern and
Otis Sprague were the first elders, and Samuel
Brewer the first deacon. They were all ordained
and installed on the 31st of March, 1833, having
been elected on the preceding day.
The church at its organization consisted of twenty-
four members, .set apart by the Indianapolis Presby-
tery from the Greenfield (now Greenwood) Church,
and one by letter from the only Presbyterian Church
in Indianapolis at that time. The following are the
names of those forming the organization : Samuel
Brewer, Eleanor Brewer, Thomas C. Smock, Rachel
Smock, Ann Smock, Abraham V. Smock, Simon
French, Mary French, Eliza McFarland, Benjamin
McFarland, Mary McFarland, John A. Brewer,
Lemma Brewer, Phannel Graham, Paulina White,
Jane E. McCollum, Mary Sebern, Phebe Sebern,
Samuel Sebern, John Sebern, Deborah W. Sebern,
Andrew C. Mann, Sally Mann, and Otis Sprague.
Of this number the following now survive : Samuel
Brewer and Eliza McFarland (now Thomas).
In 1838 a division took place in the church, and
twenty members, including one elder, went with this
branch, and seventeen, including two elders, went
with the New School branch. There was no hostile
feeling manifested by either.
From 1838 to 1844 the church had been irregu-
larly supplied with preaching, having had only one
regular supply (Rev. Sayers Gaglay) for about two
years. In 1845 the church (then numbering forty-
five members) elected and called their first pastor
after the division. He was the Rev. B. F. Wood,
who continued to sei've them one-half the time until
1850.
In 1845 and 1846 they built a house of worship
on the farm of Joseph Wallace, one and one half
miles east of Southport. The house was twenty-
eight by thirty-six feet, a wooden structure, and cost
about five hundred dollars. In 1851, Rev. Henry
Coe served as pastor one-half his time. In 1852
there were but thirty-nine members, and in this same .
year there was a division of the church for the sake
of convenience, one portion going west to the Bluff
road, in Perry township, and forming the Union
Church, and the other portion (seventeen members)
going east to Acton, in Franklin township, and
forming what is known as the Acton Presbyterian
Church.
The first pastor at Acton was Rev. William A.
Holliday, who gave one-half his time. In 1856 the
church building was moved from the Wallace farm
to Acton. It was refitted, and in it they held their
church services until 1870, when they built a brick
church building, thirty by forty feet, at a cost of four
thousand five hundred dollars.
In 1856, Rev. P. R. Vanetta served them as pas-
S30
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tor, and the membership was eighteen. The Rev.
John Gilchrist served the church from 1857 to the
close of 1859 as pastor (membership increased to
thirty-nine) ; Rev. A. C. Allen served as pastor till
the close of 1861, at which time he enlisted in the
United States volunteer service (membership, forty-
two). In 1863 the Rev. James Gilchrist supplied
the pulpit. In 1864, L. G. Hay served the church
one-half the time. In 1865, James Gilchrist again
became pastor of the church one-half of his time,
and served until the close of the year 1867. The
Rev. L. G. Hay became pastor in 1868, and con-
tinued to the close of 1870. The Rev. James Wil-
liamson was pastor of the church from 1871 until
1882. Rev. L. B. Schryock was called and accepted
the pastorate for 1884. The membership at this
time is ninety-six.
In 1873 the membership had increased to seventy.
A Sunday-school was organized in 1857, with Jacob
Smock as superintendent. Jacob Rubush has been
superintendent of the Sunday-school the greater por-
tion of the time from 1870 to 1884. The average
attendance is eighty.
The following are the names of the oflScers of the
church from its organization : Elders, John S. Seb-
ero, Otis Sprague, Simon Smock, Samuel Brewer,
Peter Smock, James Clark, William H. Boyd, Syl-
vester Ellis, Samuel S. Sebern, Jacob Smock, Thomas
L. Clark, Samuel Potter, Jacob Rubush, A. H. Ply-
mate, and William Cooper; Deacons, Samuel Brewer,
Andrew C. Mann, Samuel Moore, Jacob Smock, Wil-
liam J. CoUey, Henry Baas, Malcomb A. Lowes,
William Hutchinson, William R. Lowes, John N.
Clark, John M. Clark, and William P. James;
Trustees, John V. Sebern, Andrew C. Mann,
Thomas C. Smock, Samuel Moore, Jacob Smock,
William J. Colley, Thomas Wallace, Samuel Mc-
Gaughey, Jacob Rubush, Jehu, John, and William
H. Smock.
The present officers are : Elders, James Clark,
Jacob Smock, Jacob Rubush, A. H. Plymate, Wil-
liam Cooper, and Thomas L. Clark ; Deacons, John
N. Clark, William R. Lowes, and John M. Clark ;
Trustees, Jacob Rubush, Samuel MeGaughey, and
William H. Smock.
The Big Run (Anti - Missionary Baptist)
Churcll was organized at the house of Knowles
Shaw, one-half mile east of the village of New
Bethel, on the 11th of February, 1848, with ten
members, viz. : Willis Smither, Hester Smither,
Lewis Smither, Obadiah Davis, Mary Davis, Caleb
Belles, Mary Belles, Albert Hickman, Amanda Hick-
man, and James Tolen. They called the Rev. Em-
mons Hurst to the pastorate of the church, and he
was the only regular pastor until 1853, at which time
the Rev. Erasmus D. Thomas became pastor, and has
continued in that capacity to the present time with-
out any interruption. They have regular services
once a month.
This church used school-house No. 5 (known as
the township house) as a meeting-place until the fall
of 1849, when they had a house of worship erected.
It was a frame structure twenty by thirty feet, and
cost one thousand dollars. As time passed this build-
ing became too small for the increasing congregation,
and in 1871 they built a more commodious house of
worship. It is a brick structure, thirty-six by fifty-
four feet, and cost four thousand three hundred dol-
lars. The membership at this time is ninety-two.
The Buck Creek Christian Church was organ-
ized on the 21st of August, 1860, at Murphy's
school-house (No. 7), with the following-named mem-
bers, viz. : James Eaton, Sarah Eaton, Alexander
Helm, Elizabeth Helm, George B. Richardson, Sarah
Richardson, Ashley Sutherland, Elizabeth Suther-
land, King Parrish, Maria Parrish, Zerviah B. An-
derson, William H. Richardson, Catharine Helm,
Isabelle Hall, Sarah Hittle, Nancy Mathews, and
Nancy J. Baker. Their pastors have been John
Brown (one yearj, Butler K. Smith (one year), J. H.
McCullough (two years), Amzi Atwater, Charles
Shoat (one year), J. L. Parson (one year), W. H. H.
Blark (one year), Elijah Goodwin (two years), M. T.
Hough and H. T. Buff (alternately, one year), W. R.
Lowe (one year), M. T. Hough (two years), H. T.
Mason (one year), A. H. Carter (one year), John A.
Mavity (one year), W. R. Couch (two years), W. H.
Boles (one year), J. M. Camfield (three years), and
C. W. Martz, the present pastor, who is now on his
second year of service.
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
531
Their first place of worship was the school-house
where they first organized. Id 1861 they built a
house of worship on the northwest corner of the east
half of the southeast quarter of section 28, township
15 north, range 5 east, — a frame structure, thirty-two
by forty-four feet, which cost one thousand dollars.
In 1880 they built their second house of worship on
the same grounds. It is a brick building thirty-two
by forty-two feet, and cost two thousand eight hundred
dollars.
The present membership of the church is one
hundred and twenty-four. Meetings are held once a
month They have a good Sunday-school, with
seventy-five scholars in attendance, and sessions are
held every Sunday the year round. The superin-
tendent is John M. Toon. The present oflBcers of
the church are : Trustees, Henry J. Toon, Joseph
Harris ; Elders, Henry J. Toon, Joseph Harris, and
James E. Greer ; Deacons, Ebenezer Smith, Obadiah
Eaton, and John M. Toon.
The Acton Baptist Church was organized at
Acton on the 13th day of January, 1866, with
twenty-five members, viz. : John N. Eades, Elisha
Bally, Mary Baily, William Everett, William Mor-
gan, Nancy Morgan, Sarah Morgan, Mrs. Everett,
Mahala Everett, Susan Morgan, Nancy Phemister,
John Morgan, John T. Phemister, Sr., James M.
Smith, Elizabeth J. Smith, Joseph C. Smith, George
W. Crossen, Mary Crossen, Thomas Foster, Permelia
Foster, Martha Baas, Delila Jenkins, Jane Keeler,
Cumi Keeler, Nancy Leavitt. At the same time the
Revs. James M. Smith and A. J. Essex held a meet-
ing of some two weeks' duration, and added thirty-
four to the church, the Presbyterians giving them
the use of their house of worship for the meeting.
At the close of this protracted effort the church
called Rev. James M. Smith as their pastor, who
continued to serve the church half his time until
June, 1869, when Rev. F. M. Buchanan was called
to the pastorate, and continued half his time until
January, 1873.
The Rev. H. C. McCaleb was pastor half his time
for the years 1873 and 1874 Rev. T. J. Murphy
was pastor for the year 1875, and the Rev. D. D.
Swindall in the same way for 1876. In the year
1877 the church had no pastor. The Rev. C. King
was pastor in 1878 and 1879. The church was
without a pastor in 1880. The Rev. James M.
Smith was again called to the pastorate, and served
one-fourth of his time for the years 1881 and 1882.
The Rev. F. M. Buchanan was again called to the
pastorate, and is now acting as such one-fourth of
the time. The present membership is ninety-nine.
Sabbath school sessions are held every Sabbath. The
j number of scholars in attendance is fifty-two. T. J.
I McCollum is superintendent of the Sunday-school,
and has been since 1868 except one year (1875).
The trustees of the church are William McGregor,
L. P. Montague, and Henry T. Craig ; Deacons, T.
J. McCollum and J. F. McCollum; Clerk, L. P.
Montague.
The Mount Zion Methodist Episcopal Church
was organized as a class in the year 1832, at the
house of James McLain, with about fifteen members,
principally of the families of McLain and Perkins.
In 1836 they built a log meeting-house on James
McLain's land, and this was used as a house of worship
till about 1853, when they erected a frame building,
in which they continued to hold their services for
about twenty years, wh^n the church organization
ceased to exist. The location of this church is near
the west line of the township, and near its centre
from north to south.
The Methodist Chapel, so called, of the Methodist
Episcopal Church is located in the northwest corner
of Franklin township. The first class at this place
was organized about 1838, at the house of Nathaniel
Owens, its members being principally of the fami-
lies of Owens, Reyburn, McLaughlin, Stoops, and
Arnold. Soon after the organization, they built a
log church on land then owned by Simon Peters (now
by Cottman). About 1860 this old building
gave place to a frame church, which was erected on
the same site. In this they worshiped about ten
years, after which the organization went down, and
services were discontinued. The church building is
still standing, and although no preaching is held
there, it is used as the meeting-place of a flourishing
Sabbath-school of about fifty scholars, not under
charo-e of the Methodist denomination, but under
532
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the patronage and superintendency of a daughter of
F. M. Churchman, Esq.
The Church of the United Brethren, which wor-
shiped in a church building located near the centre
of the township, was organized about 1855, at the
house of Isaac Collins. The greater part of its
members were of the Collins family. Their first
meetings were held at Collins', and in the school-
house for a year or two, when they erected a frame
church building which is yet standing, though the
church organization became dismembered and ceased
to exist several years ago.
The oldest burial-ground in Franklin township
was opened on land of William Rector, at the place
where the Rector Chapel was built. It is not now
known who was the first person interred in this
ground. It is not used now, no burials having
been made in it for several years.
In the graveyard at New Bethel the first inter-
ment was that of Reuben Adams, on whose land the
burial-place was laid out. It was at first a plat of
about one acre, which has since been increased to
about two acres. The ground is now nearly filled
with graves, and contains some handsome monu-
ments.
At the Methodist Chapel in the northwest corner
of the township is a burial-ground of about one
acre, which is well filled with graves though not
crowded. One of the first interments in it was that
of the wife of Simon Peters.
The graveyard at Mount Zion Church, near the
west line of the township, contains about one acre,
and is only partially filled. The first interments here
were made about 1835.
At the Little Buck Creek Church is a burial-
ground still in use, which was laid out on land
entered by Nehemiah Adams. The first burials in
this ground were made about 1833.
A burial-ground was opened on the David Morris
farm in 1835, and is still in use. It is not in con-
nection with any church, and there is no house of
worship near it.
The cemetery at Acton is a ground of about two
acres, a part of the old Leeper farm, purchased from
William Leeper, and laid out as a cemetery in lB6fi.
The lots in this cemetery are all sold, and many fine
monuments have been erected in it. Improvements
are constantly being made in the ground, though it is
yet far from being completed in accordance with the
design, which is based on the modern idea of cemetery '
embellishment.
Schools. — -Very soon after the pioneer settlers had
established themselves and their families in their rude
log cabins, and cleared a suflBcient space of ground to
raise crops enough to insure them a subsistence, they
took measures (inefficient though they were) to pro-
vide for their children the means of acquiring some
of the rudiments of education by opening primitive
schools, which were usually taught by persons who
were employed at farm labor during the summer,
and who during the winter taught school for a term
of six weeks to two months, receiving a mere pittance
for their services. The first schools were taught in
the east part of the township in the Buck Creek
settlements, but others were opened very soon after-
wards in other parts, as soon as enough settlers had
come in to form a neighborhood school. Thomas
Townsend and William P. Smith were the first two
persons who taught school in Franklin township, but
it is not certainly known which of these was the
pioneer. Peter Townsend, Abraham Smock, and
Price N. Batts (son-in-law of Reuben Adams) were
among the other early teachers of the township. The
first schools were usually taught in deserted cabins
which had been built by " squatters" who, after a
temporary occupation, had deserted them and moved
away. Where log buildings had been built as places
of worship, they were also invariably used for schools.
And as the township became a little more thickly
settled, each neighborhood of two or three miles'
radius had its school-house. They wore all nearly
the same, — a low log building of about eighteen by
twenty-two or twenty-four feet in size, with a log cut
out on two sides, leaving openings which, when
covered with greased paper in place of glass, formed
the windows of the house. In one end of the school-
room was a fireplace plastered with clay or mud,
sometimes communicating with a " stick chimney"
on the outside, and sometimes having no chimney at
'^2.'rfi4Af^_^e-'i'L.£/-€rze^
FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.
533
all, except a hole in the roof. The floor was of
puncheons, the seats and benches of split logs,
with the split sides dressed to comparative smooth-
ness. A high, rude, and uncomfortable writing desk
(or more properly shelf) was formed in a similar
way. None of the requisites or equipments of the
modern school-room were found in these houses.
Everything was rough, uncomfortable, and discourag-
ing to both pupil and teacher, yet the schools taught
amid such surroundings were the best that could be
had in those days, and in them many a child acquired
the rudiments of education, and laid the foundation
of an honorable career.
About 1836, under the Congressional townsnip
school system, rather better school-houses were built
on about each four square miles of territory through
the township. These houses were built by the peo-
ple of the neighborhood, while the fund derived from
the sale of the school lands aided in maintaining in-
diflFerent schools in them for short terms. Upon the
establishment of the present system, Franklin took a
place abreast of the other townships of the county in
the improvement of its schools.
Franklin township has now eleven school districts,
and the same number of school-houses (seven frame,
and four brick). Schools are taught in all the
houses, and two of them are graded schools. There
are also four private schools taught, with an average
attendance of forty-four. In 1883, fourteen teachers
(nine male and five female) were employed in the
public schools. Six teachers' institutes were held in
the township during the year. The average total
daily attendance of scholars was 371 ; whole number
of scholars admitted to the schools, 625 ; average
length of school terms in the township in 1883, 114
days; valuation of school-houses and grounds, $14,500.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
THOMAS SCHOOLEY.
John Schooley, the grandfather of Thomas, was of
English extraction and a resident of Massachusetts.
His children were James, William, Sewell, and David.
James, the first named, was born during the year
1792, in Massachusetts, and early removed to Dela-
ware, where he married Ruth Hobson, a native of
Philadelphia, Pa. To this marriage were born chil-
dren,— John, James, Thomas, Daniel, and Andrew.
Mr. Schooley removed later to the State of Mary-
land, where he became a successful merchant. His
son Thomas was born Feb. 22, 1830, in Cecil County,
Md., and in early youth removed to Zanesville, Ohio,
and in 1840 to Indianapolis, where his father died
soon after the arrival of the family. Thomas re-
mained until fifteen with his mother, and then
sought employment as assistant to various farmers
of Marion County, being meanwhile, for a brief time,
a pupil of the Indianapolis Seminary. In 1851 he
married Miss Rachel Blue, of the same county,
whose only son, Frank, died July 15, 1869, at the
age of fifteen. In 1852, Mr. Schooley having left
his wife at the home of her father, crossed the plains
en route to California (where he remained three years),
in Placer County, engaged in mining and the profita-
ble business of hotel-keeping. Returning in 1855,
he purchased a farm north of Indianapolis, and his
wife having meanwhile died, he, in June, 1855,
married Miss Esther, daughter of Madison Hume,
one of the earliest Baptist clergymen in the county.
Their children are Flora (Mrs. H. J. Brown) and
Minnie. Mr. Schooley, in 1862, sold his farm and
removed to Indianapolis, where he engaged in com-
mercial pursuits. Having determined to return again
to country life, he, in 1869, purchased his present
home in Franklin township, and has since engaged
in general farming and speculating. In politics he is
a Republican, but not an active worker in the political
field. The cause of education has ever found in
him an earnest advocate and friend, and all measures
for the promotion of education receive his cordial en-
couragement. He is in religion a supporter of both
the Methodist Episcopal and the Baptist Churches,
Mrs. Schooley being a member of the latter church.
MARTIN S. TOON.
Henry Toon, the grandfather of Martin S., and a
German by birth, resided in Kentucky. He was united
in marriage to a Miss Bryant, and had children, among
534
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
whom was John, a soldier of the war of 1812, and a
native of Delaware, who removed with his parents to
Kentucky when a youth, and during his lifetime en-
gaged in the labor incident to a farmer's life. He
married Malinda Stafford, of Kentucky, and had chil-
dren, eleven in number, as follows: Letitia, Martin S.,
Drusilla, Henry, William G., Charity, Wesley, Lewis,
Josiah, Elizabeth, and Dorcas, the latter of whom
died in childhood ; seven of this number are still liv-
ing. Martin S. was born on the 12th of June, 1815,
in Owen County, Ky. His youth was, like that of
most farmers' sons, passed in labor, with such opportu-
nities of education as were afforded by the subscription
schools of the period. Mr. Toon married Miss Mary
Jane, daughter of James Davis, to whom were born
two sons, — William H., who died while a soldier in
the war of the Rebellion, and John J., who served with
credit during the whole conflict. He was again mar-
ried in November, 18-12, to Miss Mary Jane, daughter
of John Ross, of Marion County, and has children, —
Lewis C, Martin, Dorcas, Mary Anice, Melinda Alice,
George G., Charles W., Richard 0., William S., and
Lydia Jane. Mr. Toon during a short period resided
in Indianapolis, and assisted in drawing the brick for
the State-House, and at twenty-seven he rented a farm
in Franklin township which for ten years he continued
to cultivate. He then purchased his present home,
embracing eighty acres, which has since been increased
to two hundred and twenty acres, and which his son
George G. assists in cultivating. He has, aside from
his labors as a farmer, engaged in threshing wheat by
machine, his own thresher having been the first in
the township. Mr. Toon is in politics a Republican,
but not active in the political field, preferring his
daily routine of labor to the excitements of a public
career. Both he and Mrs. Toon are members of the
Baptist Church, in which he is a deacon.
CHAPTER XXII L
LAWRENCE TOWNSHTP.
This township is situated in the extreme north-
eastern portion of the county, and is seven miles
square, containing forty-nine square miles, or thirty
thousand eight hundred and nineteen acres of land.
It is bounded on the north by Hamilton County, on
the east by Hancock County, on the south by Warren
township, and on the west by Washington township.
The surface of the country is generally level, except
along the streams, where it is somewhat broken, and
in some localities hilly. The soil is well adapted
to the culture of wheat, corn, rye, barley, and most
vegetables, but the culture of fruit has proved to be
unprofitable during the past few years, though in a
few localities this branch of agriculture has yielded a
good revenue. About thirty-five years ago immense
crops of peaches were raised, but the peach crop has
been almost an entire failure during the last twenty
years. The soil is principally clay, but consists of
four grades, viz. : white clay, or beech flats ; black
loam of the flats ; limestone or clay hills ; and bottom-
land, or dark chocolate loam intermixed with sand.
Originally the township was covered with a heavy
growth of timber, consisting principally of walnut,
sugar, poplar, ash, beech, hickory, sycamore, lime,
buckeye, oak, and hackberry. In the lowlands, the
primitive forest abounded with grape-vines, frequently
growing to an enormous height. Beneath the forest
and the net-work of vines grew pawpaws, leather-
wood, prickly-ash, black haw, and other underbrush.
At the Lawrence district fair, September, 1883, John
Johnson exhibited fifty-four natural varieties of tim-
ber of the township. Nearly all the valuable timber
was recklessly destroyed in the clearing of the land,
or has since been sold in the market. In an early
day the level lands were covered with immense sheets
of water, quagmires, and ponds.
From its first settlement the township has con-
stantly increased in wealth, as the wilderness disap-
peared before the march of civilization. The taxable
wealth of the township in 1883 was as follows:
Farming and wild lands $1,041,196
Improvements 83,075
Lots 13,858
Improvements 20,885
Personal property 544,995
Total valuation $1,704,009
In 1883 there were in the township two hundred
^^.y/f |^On^-Cu^^>^ ^^^ oA^^-^i'"*-^
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
535
and twelve miles of draina>;e (mostly tile), and the
value of its manufactured goods in the year 1882 was
twenty thousand eight hundred and seventy-five dol-
lars. In the year 1883 there were cultivated five
thousand four hundred and fifteen acres in wheat
five thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven acres in
corn, and one thousand and sixty-eight acres in other
staple grains and in vegetables. There were two
thousand two hundred and seventy-one acres in
timothy meadow, and two thou.sand and eleven acres
in clover.
The following is the number of head of live-stock
in the township in the year 1883:
Horses 934
Milch-cows 723
Other cattle 879
Mules 49
Sheep , 2184
Hogs (fatted in 1882) 3340
The lands bordering on the creeks and rivulets are
well supplied with springs, which afford a plentiful
supply of water for stock, and the lands produce a
luxuriant growth of blue-grass, and thus the town-
ship contains quite a number of valuable stock farms,
not excelled elsewhere in the county.
In many portions of the township is found lime-
stone, and in the peat swamps stratified rocks are
found. Deposits of gravel and sand are found along
the bluifs of Fall Creek, and in numerous mounds
scattered promiscuously throughout the township.
Probably the most peculiar rock in the township is
upon the farm of Mr. Jonah F. Lemon. It is about
four feet in length by two feet each in width and
height. The rock is composed entirely of very small
stones, of almost every imaginable shape and color,
and of adamantine hardness. Mr. Lemon prizes it
very highly, and has refused an ofi'er of one hundred
dollars for it. A most peculiar limestone rock is
found in the edge of a peat swamp on the farm of
Mr. Robert Johnson. The stone rises above the
ground to the height of ten feet, and in length ex-
tends thirty feet; the width is unknown, as the rock
extends back into a hill fifty feet in perpendicular
height. The stone contains many curious holes or
crevices, no two of the same size or shape, while out
of many water oozes continually.
Fall Creek, Mud Creek, Indian Creek, and the
tributary brooks afi'ord thorough drainage for the
lands embraced in the township. Fall Creek is so
named from the falls at Pendleton. Mud Creek was
so named by Elisha Reddick, from the fact that in
the first settlement of the country the water at its
mouth was always muddy. Subsequently the name
was changed, and it was called Walnut Creek, and
was so recorded, but it is called by the original name.
Indian Creek at first was called Indian Branch by
Elisha Reddick, because Indians were found en-
camped at various points along the stream. After-
wards it gained the name of Indian Creek, and was
so recorded. Fall Creek, the principal stream, enters
the township one half-mile west of the northeast cor-
ner, flows about a mile in a semicircle, and leaves the
township. It re-enters about one and three-fourths
miles west of the northeast corner, and flows in a
southwesterly direction through the township, and
leaving it at a point one and three-fourths miles north
of the southwest corner. Mud Creek flows into the
township at a point three and one-half miles west of
the northeast corner, and flows in a direction bearing
west of south, and empties into Fall Creek about
three-fourths of a mile west of the centre of the town-
ship. The source of Indian Creek is in the swamps
in Hancock County, and it enters the township one
mile north of the southeast corner, and flows in a ser-
pentine course, with a general direction towards the
northwest for a distance of several miles, and empties
into Fall Creek about three-fourths of a mile north-
northeast of the centre of the township. Three fine
covered wooden bridges, costing eight thousand seven
hundred and ten dollars each, span Fall Creek at
convenient points; and Mud Creek is supplied with
one covered wooden and one iron bridge, all built by
the county. Since the country has become mostly
cleared and drained these streams have become sub-
ject to frequent damaging freshets, causing great de-
struction to crops and property in the valleys almost
annually. The freshets of June and August, 1875,
were the most damaging in the history of the town-
ship, although the one of January, 1847, was much
536
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
the highest. The freshet of November, 1883, did a
great amouDt of damage.
Lawrence township was erected April 16, 1822, by
order of the board of county commissioners, and on
the same day and by the same authority it was joined
to Washington for purposes of township organization
(neither township being sufficiently populous to be
organized separately). This union of the two town-
ships as one continued until Sept. 4, 1826, when the
board of justices ordered that Lawrence be taken
from Washington and separately organized, and that
an election be held on the first Saturday in the fol-
lowing October at the house of John Johnson for
choice of a justice of the peace for Lawrence, Alex-
ander Wilson to be inspector of said election. The
election was held as ordered, and resulted in the choice
of Peter Casteller as justice of the peace. The fol-
lowing is a list of officers of the township from its
erection to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
William D. Rooker, June 22, 1822, to Deo. 2, 1826.
Joel Wright, June 22, 1822, to Sept. o, 1S25; resigned.
Hiram Bacon, Oct. 15, 1825, to Dec. 2, 1826.
(The three preceding served for Washington and Lawrence
while they were joined as one township.)
-Peter Castctter, Dec. 15, 1826, to Dec. 15, 1831.
John Bolander, Feb. 19, 18.31, to October. 1832; resigned.
William J. Mcintosh, April 17, 1832, to January, 1835; re-
Joseph Johnston, Dec. 13, 1832, to Dec. 13, 1837.
Daniel Sharts, April 18, 1835, to April 18, 1840.
Joseph Johnston, Jan. 3, 1838, to Aug. 4, 1838; resigned.
Madison Webb, April 20, 1840, to April 20, 1845.
John Emery, Feb. 1, 1843, to Feb. 1, 1848.
Madison Webb, April 26, 1845, to April 26, 1850.
Travis Silvey, July 14, 1848, to July 11, 1863.
James W. Perry, April 26, 1850, to March 9, 1852; resigned.
Milford H. Vert, April 19, 1852, to April 19, 1856.
Levi A. Hardesty, April 20, 1852, to April 20, 1856.
Charles Faussett, July 16, 1853, to Nov. 24, 1854; resigned.
Cornelius B. Wadsworth, April 23, 1856, to April 18, 1860.
Moses Craig, May 1, 1856, to April 18, 1860.
John Thomas, May 5, 1856, to April 18, 1860.
John W. Combs, April 18, 1860, to April 18, 1868.
John 6. Downing, April IS, 1860, to April 18, 1868.
John Thomas, April 20, 1860, to April 18, 1864.
John Thomas, May 21, 1864, to March 8, 1867; resigned.
Oiro Bates, April 22, 1865, to April 17, 1869.
Thomas M. Elliott, April 20, 1867, to April 13, 1875. .
John W. Combs, April 21, 1868, to Sept. 7, 1875; resigned.
Cornelius B. Wadsworth, April 17, 1869, to April 16, 1873.
Charles Faussett, Sept. 15, 1875, to April 21, 1876.
Robert Johnson, Oct. 2, 1875, to Oct. 2, 1879.
John A. Chapman, Oct. 30, 1876, to Oct. 26, 1880.
Cornelius B. Wadsworth, Oct. 25, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1880.
William Roberts, Nov. 19, 1880, to Oct. 30, 1884.
Moses C. Hamilton, April 15, 1882, to April 15, 1886.
TRUSTEES.
William F. Combs, April 9, 1859, to April 14, 1860.
Samuel Cory, April 14, 1860, to Oct. 24, 1874.
George W. Stanley, Oct. 24, 1874, to April 14, 1880.
William B. Flick, April 14, 1880, to April 15, 1884.
ASSESSORS.
William Mellvain, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 7, 1828.
Peter Castctter, Jan. 7, 1828, to Jan. 4, 1830.
Daniel R. Smith, Jan. 4, 1830, to Jan. 2, 1832.
Peter Castctter, Jan. 2, 1832, to Jan. 7, 1833.
Jacob Schenkle, Jan. 7, 1833, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Robert Wells, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
Jacob Sehenkle, Jan. 6, 1840, to Dec. 6, 1841.
James Hinds, Jr., Dec. 17, 1852, to June 5, 1864.
Jacob McCord, June 5, 1854, to Nov. 29, 1856.
Joseph Badgley, Nov. 29, 1856, to Nov. 24, 1860.
George W. Teal, Nov. 24, 1860, to Nov. 28, 1862.
Moses Craig, Nov. 28, 1862, to Nov. 21, 1866.
Cicero Vanlaningham, Nov. 21, 1866, to Oct. 29, 1868.
Abel M. Wheeler, Oct. 29, 1868, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Abel M. Wheeler, March 27, 1875, to April 11, 1878.
John W. Combs, April 11, 1878, to April 14, 1880.
George W. Church, April 14, 1880, to April 10, 1882.
George N. Kesselring, April 10, 1882, to April 10, 1884.
When the fisrt settlers came into the township
large numbers of Indians were encamped here, prin-
cipally on Indian Creek. They were of the Delaware
and Miami tribes, with a few Pottawatomies, and
were in charge of three chiefs named Big Otter
Skin and Old Buckwheat and a nearly deaf Indian
(name unknown) aged about one hundred years.
The Indians were very friendly to the new settlers,
and made frequent visits to their cabins. There
were three Indians living near the cabin of Elisha
Eeddick, and they always expressed the warmest
friendship for him, visiting him often, and in divers
ways showing great attachment towards him. About
the time Hudson, Sawyer, and Bridges were hung at
Pendleton for the murder of Indians the redskins in
this township became furiously enraged at the whites,
and the latter became much alarmed. However, soon
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
537
afterwards (about the year 1826) the Indians departed
from their hunting-grounds here never to return.
Many Indian relics have been found in the township,
principally upon the lands adjacent to the streams.
These curious and interesting stones consist of darts,
axes, hoes, pestles, etc.
Many of the early settlers in this township came
from Brown and Clermont Counties, Ohio. The
families of Plummer, Hoss, Chapman, Johnson, and
John Bolander came from Brown County ; those of
Cory, Apple, Peter Bolander, Emry, Perkins, Helt-
man. Smith, Lewis, Bragdon, Marshall, McCord,
Wilmington, White, Reddick, Collous, Fred, and
Brown (James P. and William), from Clermont.
Other settlers emigrated from various localities, as
hereafter mentioned.
Following is a list of resident tax-payers in Law-
rence in 1829, as shown by the assessment-roll of
that year, viz. :
Alexander Smith.
Daniel ShjBrts.
John Setter.
Christopher Sellers.
John A. Tuttle.
Jeremiah Vanlaningham.
Robert Warren.
Christopher Beaver.
William Beaver.
James Ballenger.
Isaac Ballenger.
Peter Castetter.
John Clark.
Samuel Con.
Andrew Clark.
Leonard Eller.
David Eller.
Adam Eller.
Andrew Eller.
Nathan Essary.
Robert Ellis.
John Flannigan.
James Flannigan.
James Giles.
William Graves.
Robert Hewstin.
Samuel Harrison.
James Hines.
Henry Hardin.
John Johnson.
Fountain Kimberlin.
George Long.
Robert Large.
Samuel Morrow.
John McConnel.
Alexander MeClaren.
William MeClaren.
Ephraim Morrison.
John Negley.
Samuel North.
William North.
Joseph North.
John North.
Heirs of Thomas North.
James North.
Jeremiah Plummer.
William Reddick.
Joshua Reddick.
Alexis Riley.
Conrad Ringer.
David Ringer.
Abraham Sellers.
Jacob Shinkle.
Daniel Speece.
John Shinkle.
Elisha Reddick was the first settler in the town-
ship. He is a son of William and Margaret Reddick,
and was born Jan. 9, 1797, in Pennsylvania. At an
early age he went with his parents to Kentucky, and
remained there until sixteen years of age, when he
went to Clermont County, Ohio, where he married
Elizabeth Johnson, daughter of John Johnson, in
the year 1821. He came from there to this town-
ship with his wife and son, James Milton, and settled
near the " correction line," one-half mile east of Fall
Creek, on the 18th day of October, 1823. He
entered one hundred and thirty-two acres of land and
subsequently purchased one hundred and eighty
acres more. He lived on that farm fifty-one years,
and has been absent from the township (in Boone
County, Ind.) only three years from 1873 since
1823. Mr. Reddick came here in an old Pennsyl-
vania wagon, the bed of which would hold seventy-
five bushels of corn. He brought with him two
yoke of oxen, two horses, twenty-five hogs, two
milch-cows, and twelve sheep. The wagon was
loaded with provisions and household goods. The
last four miles of his journey was accomplished with
great difficulty, as he was compelled to cut his way
through the timber and thick underbrush. For
several months after his arrival at his new home Mr.
Reddick did little but protect his stock from the
wolves, wildcats, and other wild animals. Soon
after his arrival at his new home he had a desperate
encounter with a large catamount weighing not far
from one hundred pounds. The reception was not a
pleasant one, but after a fierce struggle he succeeded
in dispatching it with his axe, but not until it had
nearly killed his two dogs and severely injured him-
self. Mr. Reddick states that it was the most
dangerous encounter he ever experienced. He killed
no less than fifty wildcats on his farm in the early
years of his settlement, and with the assistance of his
brother Joshua succeeded in killing three black bears.
He says that when he first came to his new home the
538
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
bottom-lands were exceedingly wet, and abounded in
bayous and swamps and dense thickets, into which it
was almost impossible to penetrate. Mr. Reddick
was on the most intimate terms with the Indians ;
he received them as visitors at his cabin, went hunt-
ing, ran races and shot at marks with them, and in
perfect contentment lived in their midst for three
years, — until their departure.
The first cabin raised in the township was that of
Elisha Reddick, on the tract of land entered by him.
He raised it in November, 1823. After he had his
logs prepared he called upon the Indians in camp
on Indian Creek to assist him. Their chief, " Big
Otter Skin," promised the required help, and many
of the Indians were ready to oifer their assistance
and help Mr. Reddick raise his wigwam, as they
called it. Not an Indian came at the appointed time ;
however, but they seut three squaws, who came riding
up to the selected site for the cabin at the time fixed
for the raising. Mr. Reddick told them to remain and
help his squaw get dinner. They did so, and remained
until evening. Mr. Reddick then, with the assistance
of Alexander Smith, John McConnel, and John John-
son, who were in the township prospecting for a
location, and Charles Johnson, a boy seventeen years
of age who had helped him move to the township,
raised the cabin in two days' time.
As an incident of pioneer life we will relate that
Mr. Reddick once upon a time carried on horseback
a grist of two and one-half bushels of corn sixty
miles before he could get it ground. He first went
to William Conners', near Noblesville, and got the
corn. He took it to the falls of Fall Creek, and,
being unable to get it ground there, he took it to
Linton's Mill, on White River, near Indianapolis,
then operated by Seth Bacon. He left it there and
returned for it in one week. In time of high waters
the early settlers used the " hominy-block" to make
their meal. They would cook the coarsest of the
meal for the grown folks and the finest for the
children. Mr. Reddick states that for some time
after he came into the township he was compelled to
work all day and hunt raccoons nearly every night ;
would frequently have three or four skins stretched
before breakfast. They brought twenty-five cents
each, and were considered a cash article, while corn,
wheat, pork, chickens, etc., were exchangeable for
dry-goods and groceries only.
Mr. Reddick endured all the hardships and trials
of a pioneer life, and witnessed the new country in
which he so many years ago cast his fortune emerge
from a wilderness to its present state of civilization.
He is a member of the Universalist Church at Oak-
land, and has been for twenty-five years. In his
early settlement the latch-string was always hung
out at his door, and the weary pilgrim cordially wel-
comed within. He never refused the hungry food,
the weary shelter, or the oppressed assistance. He
has always been ready to nurse the sick, comfort the
dying, and help bury the dead. His memory is
good, his health fair, though his age is nearly eighty-
seven years. He is a ready thinker, and delights to
relate the incidents of his early pioneer life. He
has been a farmer all his life, and cleared a large
farm. His wife was also a member of the Univer-
salist Church, and died in that faith a few years ago.
Since her death Mr. Roddick has been living with
his children. In all he had fourteen children, six of
whom died in their infancy.
James Milton, his eldest son, was born in Ohio,
and came into Lawrence township with his parents.
He served in the Fiftieth Indiana Regiment, and
died in Louisville, Ky., in 1862, of typhoid fever.
William Perry and John Newton (twins), the next
eldest, were the first white children born in the town-
ship. The former served in the Twenty-fifth Indiana
Regiment, and was killed in 1862 at the battle of
Prairie Grove, Ark. The latter is a farmer, and
lives on his farm one mile northeast of Lawrence.
Margaret Ellen lives in Augusta, Ind., is the
widow of Michael Day, and has two children.
Charles was born in 1831, left the township in
1872, and has since lived near Sheridan, Ind.
Lueinda died of spotted fever in this township in
1862. Her husband, Jesse Herrin, and two sons,
Aldus and Fernando, both of age, all live in this
township.
Augustus Harrison served nearly four years in the
Union army (in 1861 to 1865) ; was severely wounded
at Munfordsville, Ky. He is a resident of this town-
LA WHENCE TOWNSHIP.
539
ship, and has lived here since his birth, except one
year in Missouri and three years in Boone County,
Ind.
Elisha Taylor, the youngest son of Elisha Reddick,
has been a resident of this county all his life except
two years. He now lives in Indianapolis.
William Reddick was born in Ireland about 1762,
came to America with his parents when eleven years
of age. While in Ireland he was bound to an older
brother to work at the weaver's trade, and when they
arrived in America he was rebound to a weaver in
Pennsylvania. At the age of thirteen years he ran
away and enlisted in Wayne's division, and served in
the Revolutionary war six years and seven months.
At the close of the war he returned to near Lebanon,
Pa., where he married Margaret Trump. He lived
in Pennsylvania nineteen years after his marriage,
and then went to what was called the " backwoods"
in Virginia. In one year he returned to Pennsylva-
nia. In 1805 he went to Bracken County, Ky.,
where he lived ten years. He then went to Ohio,
and lived there until the latter part of November,
1823. During the war of 1812 he kept ferry at the
mouth of Bull Skin, forty miles above Cincinnati, in
Clermont County. He came to this township in the
fall of 1824. He entered for his son Joshua one
hundred and sixty acres of land just northwest of the
mouth of Mud Creek. He lived on that farm until
his death, in October, 1831, at the age of sixty-nine
years. He laid out and set apart the first graveyard
in the township. He was a Methodist nearly all his
life, and was a moral and strictly honest man. Circuit
preaching was held at his house for years, and minis-
ters were always welcome at his abode ; in fact, no
person ever failed to receive hospitable treatment at
his hands. He was a class-leader in the church and
a true Christian. The first sermon ever delivered in
the township was at his cabin. His wife lived nearly
forty years after his death, and died in Clinton
County, 111., of milk sickness, at the age of ninety-
three years. She also was a consistent member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church from childhood.
The number of their children was ten, two of
whom never came into this county, and but three
are now living. Margaret lived here twenty years,
married, went to Missouri, and died, aged eighty-two.
Polly married James Giles. Died about 1831.
Katie lived in this county forty years; married
James Gittleman. Died in Kansas in May, 1883,
of apoplexy, at the age of eighty-nine. Elisha (first
settler in Lawrence as before mentioned). Joshua
(noticed elsewhere). Helen married Alexander
McClaren. Died two years ago in Illinois, at the age
of seventy-two. Lived in this county thirty years,
and was thirty-five when she left. Lucinda lives
at Lathrop, Mo. She lived in this county forty
years. Rachel married Moses McClaren, and lives
in this county, one mile west of Castleton. She was
fourteen years old when her parents came to this
county, and has lived here ever since. Aged seventy-
three.
Joshua Reddick, son of William and Margaret
Reddick, was born in Washington County, Pa.,
May 20, 1804. He went with his father on his
various journeys till the last of November, 1823,
when he came to this township. He raised a small
crop in 1824, and in the fall of that year he went to
Ohio and brought his parents and sisters to this new
country. He settled on the farm now known as the
Elijah Fletcher farm, and one hundred and sixty
acres of which was entered for him by his father in
1825. Mr. Reddick lived there about twenty-three
years. He sold the farm in 1848 and went to Clin-
ton County, 111., where he resided until October,
1859, when he died of milk sickness. Mr. Reddick
and three of his grown children died within two
weeks' time. His wife died of the same disease in
the following April. Mr. Reddick married Elizabeth,
daughter of Adam Eller. Mr. Reddick was a farmer,
and in religious belief a Universalist. He took a
great interest in all public improvements, and gave
all his children a good education. He had eight
children, — seven were born in this township and
one in Illinois. Six of the children went to Clin-
ton County, 111., with their parents. Catharine, the
youngest, married George Church, and lived here
until her death in 1878. Three of the other
children are dead.
Samuel Morrow was born in Westmoreland
County, Pa., about 1789, of Irish descent. Married
540
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Agnes Anderson. In 1821 or 1822 himself, wife,
two sons, Adam Kerr, and his son, Samuel Kerr,
took passage on a flat-boat, and landed at Cincinnati,
Ohio, with a span of horses and two " tester" bed-
steads. They went from there to near Brookville,
Ind., and remained till the fall of 1824. Through
the solicitation of John Johnson, his cousin, he oame
to this township in November, 1824. He entered
eighty acres of land Aug. 25, 1824. It is known as
a part of the Webb farm, and joined John Johnson
on the west. Immediately after his arrival he cleared
a spot of ground for his cabin, and erected it on the
north side of Fall Creek. He brought into the town-
ship with him two horses, one yoke of oxen, and two
milch-cows. Thirteen persons landed in the township
with Mr. Morrow, and remained with him in his
cabin during the following winter. Tlie cabin erected
was eighteen feet by twenty feet, without floor. The
roof was made of clapboards, and having no nails to
nail the boards on, they were weighted down with
poles, and thus kept in place. The room was divided
in sleeping apartments by hanging quilts for partitions.
As soon as Mr. Morrow had his cabin completed he
began clearing his land. The Indians called fre-
quently at his cabin, and camped quite a while on
his farm. A great deal of sickness prevailed at the
cabin of this new settler. His son, Jacob A., and
his two daughters, Elizabeth and Thersa, as well as
Jacob Anderson, who was there on a visit, and Adam
Kerr, all died there about the same time, and were
buried in the Joshua Roddick graveyard. His phy-
sicians were Dr. Isaac Coe and Dr. Mears, of Indian-
apolis, the nearest doctors. He was a member of
the Presbyterian Church, and his family used to ride
horseback to Indianapolis, and attend church at the
Presbyterian meeting-house on Pennsylvania Street,
north of Market. He was a moral, upright man,
sociable, neighborly, and exceedingly popular. He
was a farmer all his life, and did an immense amount
of hard work. He experienced all the hardships
and privations of pioneer life, and stood up bravely
against them all. He was a voter at the first election
in the township, and was elected supervisor. When
he first came to the township he had to go to Con-
ner's, near Noblesville, and get corn, and then take it
to a mill on Fall Creek, near where the Crawfords-
ville road crosses the stream, to get it ground. It
took two days to make the round trip horseback with
a two -bushel grist — distance ten miles — from his
cabin. That was the nearest mill at that time, and
the nearest school-house was six miles. He lived in
the township until about 1831, when he went to
Washington township, this county, and thence to
Morgan County, Ind. He lost an arm while there,
and then went to near Colfax, Jasper Co., Iowa,
where he bought a pre-emption right, and subse-
quently entered the tract, on which he died in the
year 1850. His son John died in Iowa. Two
daughters, Martha Plummer and Margaret Griggs,
are living, the former in Iowa.
The following are the names of the thirteen who
came from Brookville, Ind., to this township to-
gether :
Samuel Morrow.
Agnes Morrow, his wife.
John Morrow, his son.
Jacob A. Morrow, his son.
Robert Ellis.
Martha Ellis, his wife.
Elizabeth Ellis, his daughter.
John Ellis, his son.
Samuel Stewart Ellis, his son.
Samuel Johnson Black.
William M. Black.
Adam Kerr.
Samuel Kerr, his son.
Of the thirteen but three are living, namely :
Samuel S. Ellis, at Leavenworth, Kan. ; Elizabeth
Moore, at Des Moines, Iowa; William M. Black, at
Indianapolis, Ind.
Robert Ellis was born in New York State. He
came on flat-boat from Westmoreland County, Pa.,
to Cincinnati, Ohio, going thence to Brookville,
Ind., in May, 1824. He brought with him his wife
(formerly Martha Morrow) and his daughter Eliza-
beth, and two sons, John and Samuel Stewart, and
also Samuel Johnson Black, who was living with him.
In the fall of the same year the party came to this
township with Samuel Morrow, and lived with him
in his cabin for six months. He then settled on
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
541
Congress land ; farm now owned by Robert Johnson.
He raised a cabin, and lived there till about 1830,
and then went to Hamilton County, Ohio. In 1832
he went to Marietta, Ohio, to visit a sister, took the
cholera, and died. The heirs failed to pay for the
land he had bought in Hamilton County, and lost it.
His wife was a Presbyterian, and, after her husband's
death, moved to various places, finally to Iowa, and
died there at the house of her daughter, Elizabeth
Moore, in Des Moines. Of the three children who
came into this township with their parents two are
living. Elizabeth married S. P. Moore, and lives in
Des Moines, Iowa ; Samuel Stewart lives in Leaven-
worth, Kan. ; John went to Illinois years ago, and
died there. There were four other children born
after Mr. Ellis and family came here, viz. : James,
who died in the army ; Margaret, who lived in Iowa
at last accounts; Mary J., who lives in Chicago with
her daughter ; William B., who lives in Franklin, Ind.
Samuel Johnson Black came to the township at
I the age of twelve years, and lived with Robert Ellis
about five years. He then began learning the tan-
ner's trade with Abraham Sellers, in this township,
worked three years, and then went to Indianapolis
with Blythe and Noble. He died in Newton, Jasper
Co., Iowa, about 1853. He was one of the party of
thirteen who came here together iu the fall of 1824.
Adam Kerr came to the township with Samuel
Morrow, his brother-in-law, from Pennsylvania, at an
advanced age, and lived here until his death, which
occurred Aug. 27, 1828. He was buried in the
Reddick graveyard.
Samuel Kerr came to this township with his
father, Adam, and Samuel Morrow. He was a boy
thirteen years of age in the year 1824. After his
father's death he continued living with Samuel Mor-
row and with Hiram Bacon until a young man;
learned the blacksmith trade with Tiiomas Long,
worked at journey-work awhile, and then began busi-
ness for himself near where Millersville now stands.
He married Caroline Ringer, and after her death he
married Catherine Easterday. He carried on his
trade for several years, where Glen Ethel now is,
and died there in 1861. He was a member of the
Masonic fraternity, a moral, industrious citizen, firm
in his convictions, and his word was as good as his
bond. He experienced all the trials incident to
pioneer life.
William M. Black, son of Thomas R. and Sarah
Black, was born in Erie County, Pa., on the waters of
French Creek, Jan. 1, 1811. He was taken by his
uncle, Samuel Morrow, on horseback when quite a
small boy to Westmoreland County, Pa. He came
from there with Robert Ellis and family to near
Brookville, Ind., in May, 1824, and in the fall of the
same year came to this township, being one of the
party of thirteen. He lived with Samuel Morrow
till Jan. 18, 1827, and helped him clear land. Mr.
Morrow gave him the privilege of remaining with
him till of age and receiving an eighty-acre tract of
land or learning a trade. He chose to learn the tan-
ner's trade. He learned it with Yandes & Wilkins
in Indianapolis. He lived with John Wilkins in a
house that stood where the station-house now stands.
Apprenticed five years, after which he worked at
journey-work till March, 1833. He then entered
into a partnership with Yandes & Wilkins, himself
owning a half interest, and bought a tan-yard of John
G. Kline at Mooresville, Ind. In 1839, Mr. Black
sold his interest and moved to Indianapolis, and has
lived there ever since, following various occupations.
On July 4, 1833, he married Frances Hardwick,
daughter of John and Sarah Hardwick. They have
had nine children, six of whom are living, — Sarah and
John H. live in Indianapolis, Martha J. lives at home
with her parents, Nancy L. lives in Morgan County,
Thomas S. is in Virginia, and Elizabeth lives in
Washington Territory. Mr. Black is an ardent Free-
mason, and is tiler of every lodge, chapter, council,
and commandery, both subordinate and grand, that
meets in the Masonic Temple. He has been tiler of
Marion Lodge since 1867, and of the Grand Lodge
since 1869. When the old Masonic building was
torn down in 1874 his name was found recorded on
papers found in the corner-stone, showing that he was
a member when that building was erected. His name
is also deposited in the corner-stone of the new build-
ing. He was raised a Presbyterian, but is now a
Methodist. He saw the first engine and first steam-
boat, " General Hanna," come to Indianapolis.
542
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Robert Warren was born in Kentucky in 1797, on
Clinch Mountain, at the head of Big Sandy, and with
his wife and two children, William and Matilda, came
to this county in 1821, and lived near where Millers-
ville now is till the year 1824, then came to this
township, and entered eighty acres of land just north
of and adjoining the land known as the Elisha Reddick
land. He lived there seven years and then went to
Crawfordsville, where he lived five years, and moved to
Michigan, and subsequently to Iowa, where he was
living at last accounts. He was a great hunter and a
crack shot. He killed a large number of deer ; his
gun furnished most of the meat for the table. He
was a member of the Methodist Church when he
lived in this county ; he afterwards became a Univer-
salist. Mr. Warren was a kind and good neighbor,
and a skillful nurse of the sick. He was very healthy
and robust. When he left this county six children
and his wife left with him. Nothing further is known
of their history.
John Sellers was born in Kentucky, on Clinch
Mountain, at the head of Big Sandy, about the year
1797. He came to this county in 1821 and settled
near (east of) where Millersville now is. Lived there
three years, and then entered eighty acres in what is
known as the Ringer Settlement in this township.
He cleared a portion of the tract, and about 1840 he
sold out and went to Illinois, where he died about
1871.
Christopher Sellers was born about 1804, on Clinch
Mountain, in Kentucky. He married a daughter of
Nathan Essary about 1827. He came to this county
in 1822, and into this township about 1825. He
went to Hamilton County, Ind., about 1829, and died
there about 1880.
Daniel Sharts came to this county with a colony of
Lutherans in the year 1824, and with his wife and
four children settled on a farm now owned by Anna
C. Pressly, two miles south of Millersville. He
entered a tract of land there and lived upon it until
he died, about ten or twelve years ago. He was a
Lutheran all his life, and took an active part in all
church affairs. He was a justice of the peace for some
years, and was a good citizen. Of the children that
came with him, Hanson was raised in this township,
and is now living in the county. Joseph died in
California about 1850. He was drowned in the
American River. Rebecca went to Illinois about
1855, and lives there now. William died in Hamilton
County, Ind., three years ago.
Fountain Kimberlain was born in Kentucky. He
came to this county in 1820, and first settled about
half a mile north of where AUisonville now is. He
lived there seven years. In 1827 he came to this town-
ship, and entered the eighty-acre tract of land now
owned by his heirs. On that land he lived until his
death, in 1864. He followed farming all his life. He
built a saw-mill on Fall Creek about 1835, but
tore it down in about five years. The election was
held at his house for several years from about
18.37. In 1827 he married Elizabeth Shenkle. He
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
nearly all his life, — a conscientious, upright, moral
man. There were born unto himself and wife ten
children, three of whom are living, namely : Marion
and John Wesley, farmers, and residents of this town-
ship ; and Julia Ann, wife of John Thorp, a resident
of this township.
Christopher Beaver was born in North Carolina,
and emigrated to this township about 1824, and
settled near where the Salem Lutheran Cliurch now
stands. He came to this country with two six-horse
teams, following an Indian trail for more than twenty
miles. His wife died in Butler County, Ohio ; and
six children came from there to his new home here
with him. He died here after a continuous residence
of thirty-one years. He was a farmer all his life.
He spent all his spare time hunting deer for years
after his arrival here, and he was a dead shot. He
never swore, drank, or gambled. He was a strict
Lutheran for several years prior to his death. Polly,
the oldest daughter, came to the township in 1824
with her husband, Samuel Harrison, and three chil-
dren. She died here about twenty years ago. Wil-
liam, born in North Carolina, came to this township
with his father, and died here about 1859. Sarah,
born in North Carolina, came to this township with
her father, and died in Oakland, Marion Co., about
1873. Mary, born in North Carolina, came to this
township with her father, and died in Hamilton
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
543
County, Ind., fourteen years ago. Henry, Moses, Ann,
and Elizabeth were born in Ohio, and came to this
township with their father. They all lived here until
their deaths. Henry died eight years ago ; Moses
died forty years ago ; Ann died fifteen years ago, at
the age of thirty years ; Elizabeth married James N.
McCoy, and died at the age of sixty-one years only a
few years ago.
Samuel Harrison was born in North Carolina, and
with his wife and three children came from Butler
County, Ohio, to this township in 1824 with his
father-in-law, Christopher Beaver, and lived on his
farm eight years. He then went to Hamilton County,
Ind., and died there about twenty years ago. He
was a blacksmith by trade. He took a lease and
cleared a large tract of land in this township. He
followed farming the latter part of his life. He
was a moral man, — a member of the Campbellite
Church.
Samuel North was born near Stillwater, Ohio, and
from there came to Lawrence township in 1825 with
his wife, formerly Mahala Brooks, and one daughter.
He entered the eighty -acre tract of land now owned
by V. T. Malott, one mile west of Lawrence. He
lived there two years, and moved into Washington
township, this county, and died near AUisonville
many years ago. He was a farmer.
William North was born near Stillwater, Ohio.
He came here in 1825 with his wife and one child.
He lived here four years, then sold out, and returned
to Ohio. He subsequently went to Missouri.
Joseph North came here from Little Troy, Ohio, at
an early date, and owned forty acres where John
Newhouse now lives. In or about 1850, he returned
to Ohio.
John North was born in North Carolina. He was
a Tory during the Revolutionary war. From North
Carolina he went to Ohio, and in the spring of 1827
he came here. There were high waters nearly the
whole of that year, and he had a terrible time getting
to his destination. He entered the eighty acres of
land now owned by James McHaifey. Mr. North
was a farmer, and both himself and wife lived to
be about ninety years of age. They both died on
the old homestead many years ago.
James North was born in North Carolina. He
emigrated to Stillwater, Ohio, and thence here in the
year 1821. After his arrival he married Mary Flan-
nigan, and three sons and one daughter were the
number of their children. He lived here about
thirty-five years, until his death, in 1860. He never
owned any land, though he was a farmer.
Thomas North came to this township from Still-
water, Ohio, in the year 1824. He entered eighty
acres of land, now owned by Samuel Cory ; he was a
farmer, and died in 1826. His daughter, Matilda,
married Richard North, and went to Missouri about
1838. His son, Alexander, returned to Stillwater,
Ohio, about 1838.
David Ringer was born in Maryland in 1790.
Himself and family, consisting of wife (Susan Darr)
and two children, came with the Lutheran colony to
this county in 1824. He located at once on the
land now owned by James Pressly, and lived there
the remainder of his life, — about forty-one years. He
died June 25, 1865. He was one of the prominent
members of the colony, and identified with the Lu-
theran Church nearly all his life. He was a farmer
and a good citizen. He was married three times ; his
last wife died at the age of eighty-nine years. His
son Peter died at New Britain, Ind., in 1859 ; lived
in this township twenty-seven years. His daughter
Delana is the wife of Leander Harper, a prominent
citizen of Lawrence township.
Conrad Ringer was born in Washington, Md., in
1792. Himself and family, consisting of wife (Mary
D. Bower) and four children, came from Maryland to
this State with the colony of Lutherans, and located in
this township in 1824, about one mile southeast of
where Millersville now is. He entered two hundred
and forty acres, and lived upon the land until his
death, in 1851. The land is now owned by six dif-
ferent persons. He followed farming all his life. He
was a member of the Lutheran Church long before
he came to this county, and was a leading member at
the time of his death. He was an earnest encourager
of all laudable enterprises, a good citizen and a Chris-
tian. The names of the children who came with him
to this county are Caroline, Joseph, Jacob J., and
Emma E. The first named married Samuel Kerr,
544
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and died December, 1844. Joseph was a farmer and
blacksmith ; died about 1857 ; lived in township
twenty-eight years. Jacob J. lived in this county
about twenty-nine years ; now lives in Cass County,
Ind. Emma E. married John C. Hoss, and has lived
in this county since 1824. Mr. Ringer had five chil-
dren born in this county, — three boys and two girls.
Two are living, Harrison and Ann, both in this town-
ship.
Jeremiah Vanlaningham was born in Fleming
County, Ky., in May, 1801. He assisted his father
in clearing a farm in Bath County, Ky. At the age
of eighteen he went to New Orleans as a hand on a
flat-boat, returning home on foot. He drove hogs to
Washington City in 1821, and returned to Kentucky
on foot. In 1822 drove hogs to South Carolina, and
returned on foot. In 1823 drove hogs to North
Carolina, and returned home on foot. In 1824 drove
hogs to Petersburg, Va., and returned home on foot.
In fall of 1824 he came to Indiana and selected land
in this township, upon which he moved with his wife
and two children in the fall of 1828. The farm is
situated on Indian Creek, one mile southwest of Oak-
land. He settled in the woods and cleared a farm,
and resides upon it now. His wife (Nancy Denton),
to whom he was married in 1822, died about seven
years ago. Mr. Vanlaningham is a highly respected
and prominent citizen of the township. He has
endured many privations and trials, but has triumphed
over them all. Of the two children who came to the
township with, him but one (Woodford) is now alive.
He has lived in the township fifty-five years. The
other child (Jane) lived in the township seventeen
years ; married James McClain, and is now dead. Mr.
Vanlaningham had eight children born here ; six are
living. Ellen lives in Hancock County, Ind., and John
lives in Texas ; the remainder live in this township.
Alexander Smith came into this township in 1825
and entered forty acres on Indian Creek, near its
mouth. In 1827 he married Betsy MeConnell. He
was a shoemaker by trade, but followed farming also
for a livelihood. He lived on that forty acres about
twelve years, and then moved to the Indian reserve
in this State, where he lived about twelve years until
his death.
John Shenkles was born in Ohio in 1803 ; was
married to Isabel MeConnell in Brown County, Ohio,
in 1822. In 1824 they came to this township and
settled on Indian Creek, two and a half miles south
of where Oakland now is. He remained there about
twenty-two years, and emigrated with his family to
Illinois, and subsequently to Iowa, where he died
about 1877. He was a farmer, and a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church for thirty years
previous to his death. His wife also belonged to
the same church.
John Mock was born June 1, 1820, in Butler
County, Ohio. At the age of three years he went
with his father to Ripley County, Ind. ; lived there
three years, and returned to Ohio ; remained there
till 1831, in which year he came to this township
with his father. He has resided here since 1831.
His mother died when he was but seventeen months
old. Mr. Mock has Jived on his farm adjoining Oak-
land during the past thirty-two years, and in the
township fifty-two years. He laid oflf an addition to
the town of Oakland several years ago. He has been
a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church about
twenty-five years. He has been married twice. His
first wife's maiden name was Leah Klepfer, and that
of his second wife was Mary Ann Lingle. Mr. Mock
is a Freemason, a Democrat, and a good citizen.
Alexis Riley was born in Maryland about 1802.
At the age of eleven years he went to Clermont
County, Ohio, and in the year 1824 he came to this
county. He worked two years for Peter Negley,
near Millersville, this county, and in 1826 bought
forty acres of government land about two miles south-
west of where Oakland now is. He came into the
township with his family, consisting of wife (Nancy
Moore) and four children. He was a farmer and great
stock-raiser. He was raised a Catholic, but never pro-
fessed any religion. He was a great promoter of the
public schools and the cause of education. At one
time he operated a little mill on Indian Creek for
about ten years. In all he had ten children, — two by
his second wife (Jane Davis). Of the four children
who came into the township with him, two, John
and Oliver, are dead, and Elias L. wont to Illinois
about 1856, and lives there now. Ellen has never
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
545
left the township, and is now the wife of Joseph N.
Day. Of the children born here, Charles J. and
George N. are dead ; Stephen P., Wesley, Lavinia,
and William have lived here since their birth.
Stephen P. Riley is a son of Alexis and Nancy
Riley, and was born in this township in 1832, and
lived in it ever since. He lives half a mile west of
Oakland on a farm. He married Lizzie Bolander,
and has four children, — one son and three daughters.
He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, Inde-
pendent Order of Odd-Fellows, and Free and Ac-
cepted Masons. He is one of the most influeatial
citizens in the township. He takes a great interest
in politics, and always votes the Republican ticket.
He takes great delight in encouraging every worthy
public enterprise.
William Lakin came here from Clermont County,
Ohio, about 1833, and took a lease. Afterwards he
traded the lease for forty acres where Daniel Jordan
now lives. He took an active part in the building
of the first church in this township, and was a
prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church for nearly half a century. He was a class-
leader and an exhorter, and took a great interest in
church affairs. He moved to Jennings County, Ind.,
about 1847, and died two years ago. His widow
lives in Indianapolis. One of his children lives in
Ripley County, Ind. One of his daughters married,
;md lives in Grant County, Ind. Another lives in
this township, and is Anderson Hamilton's widow.
Ale.\ander Mock was born in Butler County, Ohio,
in 1815. He came to this township in 1831, and is
one of its prominent and successful farmers.
James Hines, Sr., came from Lawrenceburg,
Ind., to this town.ship in 1826 with a wife, two
sons, and one daughter. He herded fifty head of
cattle for Gen. Hanna for some time, and the
general gave Mr. Hines a forty-acre tract of land,
entered by him, situated one-half mile southwest of
where Oakland now is. He was a farmer and a great
hog-trader. His three children are all dead. James
waa killed accidentally at the Methodist Episcopal
Church building in Oakland ; Lovey married John
Hoss, and died the mother of six children ; Clark died
in Hancock County, Ind., about 1881. He lived
here about forty years. James Hines, Sr., died
about 1850. His wife is also dead. Thus not one
of the family of five that came here together is living
to-day.
Andrew McDonald was born in North Carolina.
He came from Clermont County, Ohio, with a wife
and several children to this township in 1826, and
entered one hundred and sixty acres of land in 1827.
Mr. G. McLain is the present owner of the tract.
Mr. McDonald was a farmer ; remained here only a
short time.
William Gallon was born in Kentucky May 16,
1799. He went to Clermont County, Ohio, with his
parents at the age of four years. There he married
Ruth Wells, and in the year 1828 he emigrated with
his family — wife and two children — to this township.
He entered sixty-three acres three-fourths of a mile
north of where Lawrence now is ; was a farmer, and
a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for
forty years. He died Jan. 7, 1867. His wife
died June 6, 1880. William and Leonidas were the
children that came here with the father and mother.
William died at the age of eighteen years ; Leonidas
went to Iowa in 1868, and now lives there. There
were eight other children, all born in this township.
James Giles and family came from Bracken County,
Ky., in 1824, and entered eighty acres where
Joseph N. Day now resides, — near the mouth of
Indian Creek. His wife's maiden name was Mary
Reddick, whom he married in 1818. He lived here
until 1835, and then went to Tipton County, and died
in May, 1875. He was a farmer, and a fine man.
He had two sons and four daughters. William, the
oldest son, died while working on the Wabash and
Erie Canal, in Hamilton County, Ind. ; James and
Sallie live in Tipton County ; Lettie in Missouri ;
Marie lives near Perkinsville, Ind., and Catharine is
dead.
Robert Huston came from Brown County, Ohio,
to this township about 1827, and worked on the farm
of Elisha Reddick one year, raising five acres of
corn. The next spring he went to Rush County,
Ind., where he had left his family, and brought them
here. He resided for several years on the farm east of
the Mcllvain farm and north of Fall Creek, and then
546
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
moved to what is known as the McCormick farm.
Here he lived until about 1848, when he died at the
age of fifty-eight years. He married Barbara
Shengles. She has been dead thirty years. Mr.
Huston was a Methodist seven years ; was constable
for ten years, and was serving as such when he died.
He had five sons and two daughters, — William,
Jacob, Joshua, George, Fountain, Betsy, and Polly.
Fountain and William live in Bracken County, Ky. ;
Jacob and George are dead, — the former died here
at the age of thirty, and the latter died about 1873,
and his family lives in Washington Territory ; Joshua
lives in Boone County, Ind. ; Betsy and Polly both
died unmarried before 1861 in Warren township,
this county.
Henry Hardin came from Lawrenoeburg, Ind., to
Lawrence township in the fall of 1825, and settled in
the woods on one hundred and forty acres of land that
he had entered from the government. He raised a cabin
upon his land, on a spot near where Jonah F. Lemon
now resides. He cleared about forty acres of the
fractional quarter-section. His wife's maiden name
was Ludwick. He was converted at a prayer-meeting
at the house of William Reddick about 1828, and
shortly afterwards began preaching. He lived in
this township twenty years, and then moved to Iowa.
He was a moral, upright, conscientious man, and a
kind, generous neighbor.
Ephriam Morrison came to this township in the
year 1825 from Lawrenceburg, Ind., bought the farm
of one hundred and forty-two acres owned by William
McClaren, and settled upon it. At that time fifteen
acres was cleared. The farm is now owned by H. M.
and J. E. Hunter. In 1845 he went to Iowa, and died
there after a residence of five years. His sons, Wil-
liam and Perry, went to California after their father's
death, but subsequently returned, and took their
mother (who was a sister to Henry Hardin) and the
rest of the family to California.
William McClaren was born in Manchester, Ohio,
in 1797. He emigrated in 1824 with his wife and
two children to this township, and entered the
fractional quarter-section subsequently owned by
Ephraim Morrison, but now owned by H. M. and J. E.
Hunter. He lived there only one year, sold to Mor-
rison, and purchased the ninety-one-acre tract now
owned by D. Leatherman. He lived there about ten
years, and went to Bloomington, Iowa, where he died.
His family are all dead except his son Andrew. Mr.
McClaren had four children when he left this county.
He was a great trader, and made his living mostly in
that way. He was an intelligent man, and one of the
shrewdest in this township in those days. He was a
good pettifogger, and practiced considerably before the
justices of the peace.
Robert Wells was born in Mason County, Ky., in
1804. Emigrated with wife and son Aaron to this
township about 1827, and bought the fractional quar-
ter-section now owned by John Newton Reddick,
where he lived for twenty or twenty-five years. He
then sold the farm to Robert Walpole and went to
Stringtown, Ind., where he lived two years, thence
moved to the Twelve-mile Prairie, thence to Ander-
son, and since the war of 1861-65 went to
Illinois, where he died about 1875. His wife died
when he lived on the Twelve-mile Prairie. He was a
farmer while he lived here, but subsequently became
a shoemaker and a dealer in harness and saddlery.
He and his wife were both members of the United
Brethren Church, and they died in that faith. For
four or five years that denomination held preaching
at his house. He took a great interest in improving
the public highways, in advancing the cause of edu-
cation, and, in fact, in all laudable public enterprises.
He was regarded by all who knew him as a model
gentleman, and by his emigration the township lost
one of its best citizens. He had six children when
he left here. His son Aaron lives in Illinois.
John Johnson was a native of Ireland, but was
raised in Kentucky. He went from there to Ohio.
From there he came to this township, arriving on
New- Year's day, 1824. He entered in all seven
hundred and twenty acres of land in the vicinity of
where the correction line crosses Fall Creek. He
erected his cabin about half a mile southeast of the
hill known as the Johnson Hill. There he lived
until his death in 1849, aged sixty-seven years. His
wife's maiden name was Jane McConnel. She died
four years before him, at the age of sixty-three years.
He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
547
took great interest in church affairs. His wife and
the most of his children died in that faith. He
built a mill on Fall Creek in 1825, and operated it
for years. The first election ever held in the town-
ship was at his cabin, and he was one of the thirteen
electors. He was instrumental in bringing quite a
number of new settlers into the township shortly after
his arrival. He was a farmer and miller, — industri-
ous, persevering, and moral. He had two sons and
five daughters. Charles, the oldest son, came to the
township with Elisha Reddick in October, 1823.
When twenty-one years of age his father gave him
eighty acres of land. Charles grubbed three acres.
He went in swimming the day after he was twenty-
one years old, took the fever, and died four days
thereafter. John Calvin died two years after his
father's death. Elizabeth married Elisba Reddick
in Ohio in 1822, and died in this township March
II, 1872, at the age of sixty-eight years. Isabel,
Mary, and Jennie are also dead. Nellie married
John Newkirk, moved to Carlisle, 111., about 1850,
where she now resides.
Robert Large came into the township about 1825.
He owned no land, but lived on the farm now owned
by Philip Miller ; lived there eight years and went to
Washington township, this county, and subsequently
died there. His vocation was fishing, and he did
little else.
James Ballenger came to this township about 1825.
He lived on Daniel Ballenger's land, half a mile east
of where Millersville now is, about eight years, then
went to Washington township, this county, and died
there.
George Long was a native of England. He came
to this township with his family about 1827, and
entered one hundred and sixty acres, now owned by
Dr. Jonathan Conkle. He lived there ten or twelve
years and went to Missouri, where he now resides.
He is a tailor by trade, but was a farmer when
here, and cleared a large farm. Two of his daugh-
ters live here. Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Swarm,
lives in Centre township; and Ellen, the widow of
Simeon Mock, lives near Germantown.
Alexander McClaren was born near Portsmouth,
Ohio, in 1804. He went to Kentucky when a mere
boy, and from there came to this township in 1824.
He was married here to Helen Reddick. daughter of
William Reddick. He bought eighty acres, the farm
now owned by John Sargent, in 1828. He was a
shoemaker, and worked at his trade evenings. He
was a very industrious man, and prospered. lie and
his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and he improved every opportunity to ad-
vance the interest of that denomination. He was a
leader in the building of the Hopewell Methodist
Episcopal Church. He sold his land here about
1850 and went to Clinton County, 111. He died
about 1859. He had six sons and four daughters.
His wife died in 1881. Five of the sons lived in
Clinton County, 111. Andrew died more than twenty
years ago.
Moses McClaren was born in Adams County, Ohio,
Nov. 15, 1810, and went to Kentucky with his parents
about 1820. Prom there he came to Marion County
in the fall of 1823, and in 1832 settled in this town-
ship, half a mile above the mouth of Mud Creek.
That year he married Rachel, daughter of William
Reddick. He lived in this township twelve years,
following farming. He and his wife now live half a
mile east of Allisonville, this county, where they have
lived during the last fifty-one years. He has been
a member of the Allisonville Methodist Episcopal
Church since 1849. He is a Republican in politics.
His residence of sixty-three years in the county has
given him an opportunity to become acquainted with
the first citizens. He is now in the "sear and yellow
leaf" of life, and is honored and respected by all
who know him. His children, nine in number, are
all dead.
John Gillam entered one hundred and sixty acres
in 1828, the same now owned by John F. Sterrett.
He was a farmer, and a hard-working man. He
raised quite a family of children, and taught them
all to believe in witches and witchcraft. He sold his
land here, and went to Illinois with his family in
1840.
John Collins came to this county from Mason
County, Ky., in 1820. He was in Washington
township a few years, and in 1824 or 1825 he came
into this township, where he lived about twenty years.
548
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
He followed hunting for a living, was in the woods
nearly all the time, and strolled from place to place.
No person knows whither he went from this town-
ship.
Adam EUer came from Stillwater, Ohio, with
family (wife and six children) in a very early day.
He entered one hundred and sixty acres, a part of
which is now owned by Philip Miller. Mr. Eller
was a farmer, and died there forty years ago. His
wife also died several years ago. His daughters were
Elizabeth, Lucinda, and Nancy, and they all moved
to Illinois years ago. His sons were David, Andrew,
and Leonard.
David Eller came from Stillwater, Ohio, with his
father, Adam. He entered the farm now owned by
Ettie Newhouse, and married Lucinda Reddick. He
was a farmer and also a carpenter. He was a great
and noted hunter. About 1854 he went to Kirks-
ville, Mo., and died there in 1875. He was in Cali-
fornia during the gold fever about 1849.
Leonard Eller came from Ohio with his father,
Adam. He went West at the age of twenty years.
Andrew Eller, son of Adam, came here with his
father at a very early date. His first wife was
' Martha, daughter of John McConnell. Mr. Eller
entered eighty acres, now owned by Josiah Day. He
moved upon it in 1835, and in 1840 he moved on
the farm now owned by Christopher McConnell. In
about 1853 he moved on the John Johi'son place.
His second wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Flanin-
gan. She only lived three years, and he then mar-
ried the widow of John Calvin Johnson. In 1859
he went to Missouri, but returned to this county
during the Rebellion on account of the troubles in
Missouri. At the close of the war he returned to
Missouri. In the early settlement of the country
he was a great deer-hunter. He was a good citizen
and a kind neighbor when in this county.
Edmund Newhouse was born near Charlestown,
Va., about 1796, and came here in 1832. He
entered one hundred and sixty acres about three-
fourths of a mile west of where Lawrence now is.
He followed farming for a livelihood until a few
years ago. He is now eighty-seven years old, and
lives on the old homestead with his children. He
has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church about fifty years, and was one of the
founders of the Lawrence Methodist Episcopal
Church about the year 1838. He and his children
and grandchildren are among the best and most
highly respected of Lawrence township's citizens.
Jacob Shenkle came here from Brown County,
Ohio, with his wife, two sons, and a daughter. He
entered one hundred and sixty acres of land on
Indian Creek,^ — -now owned by Lewis Hossenfans, —
and was assessor of the township by appointment
many years. He sold his farm in 1841 and left the
county. His son John went to Illinois, and Benja-
min moved West. His daughter Elizabeth married
Fountain Kimberlain in 1827.
William Dickerson came from Kentucky to this
county in 1825 with his wife, three sons, and five
daughters. He lived three miles east of Indian-
apolis for five years, and then came to this township
and entered eighty acres, being the east eighty-
acre tract now owned by John D. Louden. He was
a farmer, and died on the above eighty-acre tract
in the year 1851. Merritt, his second son, was
killed by a railway train, in 1850, at the crossing of
Indian Creek. The other two sons are dead. The
five daughters went to Pana, 111.
Abel Swords came from Ohio about the year
1827, and entered the west eighty -acre tract now
owned by John D. Louden. His wife, four sons,
and two daughters came here with him. He died
in Washington township, this county, about 1861.
His wife died on the old homestead. His sons,
William and Robert, live in this township.
Daniel Speece was born Jan. 10, 1802, in the
State of Kentucky. From there he came to this
township in January, 1828. He was married,
March 9, 1825, to Elizabeth Fidaman. They emi-
grated here with two children, Franklin and Fred-
erick M. Mr. Speece was a farmer. He was a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since
the oldest member of the family can remember, and
he died in that faith at an advanced age. His
widow is still living, although very feeble. Mr.
Speece, if not the fir.st, was one of the first teachers
in the first log school-house built in this township.
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
549
Their son Franklin died in 1852, and Fredericic M.
emigrated to Kansas. Thirteen other children were
born to these old pioneers, eight of whom are dead.
William H. lives at home with his mother ; George
lives at Glenn's Valley, this county ; Thomas B. J.
lives in this township ; Joseph is in Missouri ; and
Martha Ann in Kansas.
John Thomas was born June 20, 1805, near Red
Stone Old Fort, Fa. He lived in Hamilton County,
Ohio, from June, 1806, till 1815, when he went to
Clermont County, Ohio. His mother died in the
year 1810. Mr. Thomas was married to Harriet
Bradbury on the 9th of March, 1828. On Sept.
16, 1832, he came here and settled in the woods
near and east of Minnewan Springs. He made
shelter for his family out of brush until he could
raise a log cabin. After his cabin was in order, he
and his wife began clearing the eighty-acre tract
upon which he now resides and which they had
previously entered. Two children, Elizabeth and
Benjamin, emigrated to the township with their
parents. These old pioneers had seven children
after they arrived here. They raised all these chil-
dren to be full-grown men and women. Six of them
are dead and three are living. His wife, Harriet,
died in March, 1863. The following children are
living : the two who emigrated to this township with
their father, and John M., the next to youngest
son.
Mr. Thomas was a school-teacher for several years
during the first settlement of the township. He
cleared and improved the farm upon which he now
resides. He was elected captain of the Indiana
militia in Lawrence township, March 23, 1833, and
held that commission for five years and then re-
signed. He was elected justice' of the peace in 1856,
and re-elected twice in succession, but resigned after
eleven j'cars' service. He has served as supervisor
and as school trustee several terms. He served one
term as clerk of the board of township trustees. He
has been a member of the Universalist Church con-
tinuously since 1840. He has led an active and
industrious life, and takes rank as one of the best
citizens of the township. He has always encouraged
every commendable public enterprise. He is now
seventy-eight years of age, and is living with his
second wife, whom he married April 9, 1876.
Abraham Sellers was born Jan. 25, 1805, in North
Carolina. He served three years as an apprentice,
and learned the tanner's trade in Clermont County,
Ohio. In the year 1827 he came to this township.
In order to reach his destination he was compelled to
cut his way through the brush and timber during
the last four miles of his journey. He entered eighty
acres, now owned by his heirs, and he subsequently
purchased an additional eighty acres. He married
Lydia Rumple when in Ohio, and he, his wife, and
two children (Susan and Elizabeth) came to this
county in a wagon. He cleared a large farm in
this township, and followed farming for a living.
He had a tan-yard on his farm for many years, and
occasionally worked at his trade. He was a moral
man, and used his influence for the good of society.
He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and ser-
vices were held at his house for years before any
church was built in the neighborhood in which he
lived. He built a saw-mill on Fall Creek about the
year 1853, and sold it after operating it two years.
Mr. Sellers died March 10, 1875. His first wife,
Lydia, died in 1850. The two eldest children are
also dead. Seven children were born unto Mr. Sel-
lers after he came to the township, two of whom are
dead.
Amos Hanway came to this county from Vin-
cennes, Ind., in the year 1821. He came into this
township in 1824, and lived till his death on the
farm now owned by his son Samuel. Mr. Hanway
came to this county on a flat-boat up White River.
He brought his wife and three children, — Mary,
Amos, and Ann E. The last-named married James
Crigler, April 24, 1836. Mr. Crigler was a member
of the Lutheran Church. He is now dead. His
widow is living, aged sixty-five years. Mary Han-
way married Isaac Doty, and died one year there-
after. Amos Hanway, Jr., is still living, and is a
leading member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Francis Flannigan was born in Maryland. He
moved to North Carolina, and married there Mary
Eller. He moved to Miami County, Ohio, and
ihence to this township in October, 1824. He en-
550
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tered eighty acres about one and a quarter miles
southeast of where Millersville now is. His children
were : James, located east of where Millersville now
is ; John, located near where No. 4 school-house now
is ; Elizabeth, located north of where John located ;
Sarah, located near same place ; Peter, married in
Lawrence township to Nancy Mock, located north
of the Marion County line, in Hamilton County ;
Leonard, married in Lawrence township to Amelia
Mitchell, located in Hamilton County, afterwards
moved back to Marion County, and located on Mud
Creek ; Francis F., lived one year and three months
in Marion County, then died, age not known. Mr.
Flannigan's widow married James North, and died
in 1863, aged eighty-one years. The first school at-
tended by the children was in an old log house on
the Smay farm, one mile south of where Millersville
now is. It was taught by Samuel Burns.
John Flannigan, the second eldest child of Francis
Flannigan, came to the township in October, 1824,
and located on eighty acres now owned by John
Johnson. He afterwards married Elizabeth North,
farmed four years, and worked in the saw-mills at
Millersville, Germantown, Cicero, and other places.
He died at Jesse Klepfer's, in this township, about
1860, aged fifty-seven years. He was buried at
Hopewell. He had eight children, — four sons and
four daughters. Three of the former and one of
the latter are living.
James Flannigan (born May, 1804), eldest child
of Francis Flannigan, came to this township in 1824,
with his wife, Susannah Bracken, daughter of John
Bracken, of Tennessee. Mr. Flannigan first located
east of where Millersville now is, and subsequently
just north of where his brother John located, where
he continued to reside until his death, in 1876. His
aged wife also died the same year. Mr. Flannigan
was a farmer, and cleared a large farm, and raised a
large family of children, five of whom are now living.
He endured all the trials incident to a pioneer life,
and died respected by all who knew him.
Peter Bolander was born in Pennsylvania. He
emigrated to this township in 1833, and entered the
one hundred and sixty acres upon which the village
of Oakland is situated He was a farmer. He died
several years ago, and his wife died three years after-
wards. They had five children, one of whom, An-
drew, is still living in the township, aged sixty-four
years.
John J. Mollenkopf, Sr., was born in Germany,
Sept. 24, 1794; came to America in 1821; located
in Baltimore County, Md. ; engaged in the manufac-
ture of paper; moved to Wayne County, Ind., in
1836, and to this township in 1839; married Juli-
anna Painter in 1825 in Maryland. There were born
unto them nine children ; eight are living. Mr. Mol-
lenkopf died aged seventy-nine years. Mrs. Mollen-
kopf died aged sixty-four years. He engaged in
farming after coming to Indiana.
John Negley, one of the pioneers of this township,
was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Dec. 20, 1804.
He was raised there, and at the age of nineteen years
came with his parents to this county. In the year
1825 he married Isabella, a daughter of John John-
son, and had born to him seven children, three of
whom are living. He worked with his father-in-law
one year after his marriage, and then located on what
is now known as the McCormick farm. His wife
died in 1842. He was married in September, 1844,
to Mary Ann Sheets, and by her had eleven children,
five of whom are living. In 1845 he removed to
Warren County, Ohio, where he lived six years. He
then returned to this county, and located adjoining
Millersville, where he lived until his death, which
took place Aug. 30, 1878, aged seventy-three years,
eight months, and ten days. He was a consistent
member of the Lutheran Church. From the spring
of 1823 till his death he was absent from the county
only six years. He endured all the trials and hard-
ships of a pioneer life ; was an industrious and influ-
ential citizen. He was a voter at the first election
ever held in the township, and was an encourager of
all worthy public enterprises. For more than twenty-
five years prior to his death he was a Master Mason
in good standing, and no craftsman ever labored more
zealously in the cause of Masonry than he. His loss
to the fraternity was most keenly felt. In the im-
provement of the public highways and the promotion
of the cause of education, and in the advancement of
the cause of religion, no person evinced greater in-
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
551
terest. He lived respected, and his loss to society
was regretted by all who knew him.
William Orpurd, an old pioneer of Lawrence town-
ship, was bora in Frederick County, Md., Nov. 9,
1793. He served in the war of 1812 from com-
mencement to close, and after discharge from the
army he emigrated to Indiana. He came to this
county in 1821, and located on what is known as the
Metzger farm, on White River. In the year 1830
he entered eighty acres about one mile southwest of
where Castleton now is, and resided upon it until his
death, which occurred Aug. 5, 1871. On Aug. 18,
1824, he was united in marriage to Nancy Allison,
who came to this county with her parents in 1819,
and who walked every rod of the way from Ken-
tucky to where AUisonville now is. Mr. Orpurd was
a farmer. During his early residence here his living
was made by clearing land and hunting deer. Dur-
ing the last twenty-five years of his life he was a
pious man, and believed in the doctrines of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He was strictly moral
and temperate in all his habits. The first school
attended by his children was in a log cabin, just
south of AUisonville. His wife survives him, living
on the old homestead of eighty acres, and holds the
old patent for the property, signed by Andrew Jack-
son. She joined the Methodist Episcopal Church
when nineteen years of age, and although nearly
eighty-seven now, she has not let her faith be shaken.
During the past four years she has been afflicted
with almost total blindness. The number of children
born unto these pious people was six, three of whom
are now living, viz. : Lavica, Calvin, and Marion.
Lavica, now in her fifty-seventh year, was never mar-
ried, and lives with her mother. Marion is a widow,
in her forty-eighth year, and resides with her mother.
Calvin went to Missouri fourteen years ago, and in
1883 moved to Kansas.
John Newhouse was born in Kanawha County, W.
Va., Dee. 21, 1804. When thirty years of age he
and his wife came to this township, on horseback,
with nothing but a very limited supply of clothing.
He located and bought the land on which he now
resides. He has cleared a large tract of land, and
by his industry and good management succeeded in
accumulating a large amount of property. He mar-
ried Catharine Squires, May 22, 1834. They have
four sons and four daughters, all living. Their
oldest son lives in Virginia. Two daughters live
near Lebanon, Ind. Three sons and one daughter
reside in this county.
Robert White was born in Clermont County, Ohio,
in April, 1802. He came to this township in Sep-
tember, 1833, and located in the woods on the eighty
acres now owned by him. He cleared the land, and has
always followed farming. Four children came to the
township with Mr. White and his wife, viz. : Mary
Jane, John, Joseph, and Elizabeth. Joseph is dead,
the other three are living. Mr. White is now living
with his second wife.
Daniel Smay was born in Maryland. He came
here with the Lutheran colony in 1824, at the age of
fifty-four years, and located in the southwest part of
the township, and finally bought the farm entered in
1827 by John North, where he lived until his death,
in 1854. He was a farmer, and a inember of the
Lutheran Church for forty or fifty years. He was
one of the leading members in the Ebenezer Luth-
eran Church for thirty years, and took an active part
in all church affairs. He was a pious, moral, honor-
able man, and a good citizen. Four children emi-
grated here with Mr. Smay and his wife, viz. : Joseph,
who lived here forty years, went to Iowa and died.
Polly, who married David Ringer, and died in the
township. Absalom, who went to Story County, Iowa,
twenty-eight years ago. David, who went to Story
County, Iowa, in 1862.
David Hoss was born in North Carolina, 1790.
He married Nellie Trout, and moved to Brown
County, Ohio. While there his wife died, leaving him
nine children. He was married, in Ohio, to Martha
Plummer, and by her had two children. Mr. Hoss
came to this township in September, 1829, and
entered land about one mile southwest of where
Oakland now is. He lived there till his death, in
July, 1882. He built a saw-mill on Indian Creek,
on his land, in the year 1836, and operated it about
fifteen years. Farming was his chief occupation,
and he cleared a large tract of land. The first
school to which he had the privilege of sending his
552
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
children was in an old log cabin once used as a dwell-
ing-house. Jeremiah Wells was the first teacher. Mr.
Hoss' second wife, Martha, is deceased. Of the
nine children who came here with him, five are dead.
William lives in Perry township, this county. Chris-
tian lives in Pike County, 111. Sarah is the wife of
Henry Apple, and lives one mile south of Oakland.
Eliza J. married Nelson Hoss, and lives in Perry
township, this county. One of his children by the
second wife is dead, and Benjamin is an inmate of
the Hospital for the Insane at Indianapolis.
Isaac Hartsock was born in Maryland, and emi-
grated thence to Kentucky. In November, 1834,
he came to this township with his wife and four
children. He located on an eighty-acre tract entered
by William McKinster. The first school to which
he sent his children was on the Smay land. John
Hutcheson was the teacher. Mr. Hartsock followed
farming all his life. Peter, the oldest son, is a farmer,
and resides in this township. Eliza married Isaac
Hensley, and died, aged thirty-five years. Wilson
C. died in 1874. Emily married William P.
Hensley.
William S. Thomas was born in Nicholas County,
Ky., Oct. 25, 1805. He emigrated to Rush County,
Ind., in November, 1828, and lived there four years.
In 1831 he was married to Polly Hensley. In 1833
they removed to this township with one child, named
Elizabeth, who died in July, 1862. Mr. Thomas is
an honest, upright citizen. One of his sons was
killed in the army during the late Rebellion, and two
died of disease contracted while in the army. In all
he has had nine children, only two of whom are
living.
Robert Johnson was born in Scotland ; time of
birth not known. He emigrated to Ireland at the
age of seventeen years ; learned the weaver's trade at
the age of twenty-one ; was drafted as a soldier to
serve the British government for four years. He
found a favorable opportunity and came to America,
leaving behind his British uniform, and became a
citizen of Pennsylvania. He set up a loom in Phila-
delphia, and engaged in weaving for .some time. He
then married Sarah Guthry, and shortly moved to
Morgan County, Ohio, locating there on eighty acres
of land. He remained until November, 1836, when
he sold and removed to Lawrence township, Marion
Co., Ind., taking with him his family and six chil-
dren His children, all born in Ohio, were James,
who died at the age of twenty years ; Margaret,
married Thomas P. Silvey ; John, born Aug. 21,
1828 ; married Nancy Thomas. He has raised a
large family, and takes an active interest in the wel-
fare of his township, county, and country generally.
Robert, born Aug. 31, 1831 ; married Mary H.,
daughter of George W. Deford. He is a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Masonic
fraternity, and takes rank as one of the leading citi-
zens of the township. Richard, born Jan. 17, 1834;
has lived a bachelor; George G., born Aug. 18,
1836; married Nancy Day.
Mr. Johnson being a man of firmness and steady
aim, as well as a foreigner by birth, was not greatly
admired by his pioneer neighbors, who spent their
Sundays hunting, and seemingly no moral influence
existed. He did not rebuke them, but engaged the
services of a minister of the gospel of his choice to
preach at his house. For some ten or twelve years
preaching was held there, until a church edifice was-
erected. Mr. Johnson lived a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church ever since any of his children
can remember. In his last days he told his pastor
that he felt that his time spent in his religious de-
votion was not in vain. He felt that he was like a
sheaf of corn fully ripe, ready for his Master's garner.
He died at the age of seventy-eight years.
John Herron, his wife, and two children emigrated
from near Crab Orchard, in Kentucky, to this town-
ship in 1828. He entered eighty acres, now owned
by Robert Johnson, and died of typhoid fever about
1853. He was a farmer. His wife and daughter,
Polly, are dead. Jane married William Sigmund,
and lives in this township.
Peter Castater came from Ohio to this township
about 1824 with wife and four children. He entered
eighty acres, known as the Stoops farm, and improved
it. He was a voter at the first election ever held in
the township; was elected justice of the peace in
1825, and served as such for several years. About
1837 he moved to Hamilton County, Ind.
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
553
Samuel Conn and family came here from Ohio
about 1827 or 1828, and lived here about one year,
and then moved to Pike township, where he died.
Lewis Hossenfaus was born in Ohio in 1834, and
came to this county with parents in 1846. He lives
one and a half miles west of Oakland. At the age
of twenty-one he married Catharine Baker. He has
two children living and two dead. Mr. Hossenfaus
is an industrious and enterprising citizen.
Edward P. Day was born in North Carolina, Aug.
6, 1788. He emigrated to Ohio, and thence, in the
fall of 1830, to this township. He located in the
woods, on the land where " Male" Emery now lives,
where he resided until his death. He was a farmer.
His wife (formerly Elizabeth Williamson) and six of
the eight children came here with him. Joseph N.,
Josiah W., and Evaline live here now; Nathaniel W.
is dead ; Jonathan W. went to Kansas several years
ago, and John E. lives in Illinois.
William Mcintosh came here about 1828, a single
man. He married Sallie, daughter of Peter Negley,
about 1830. He was a minister of the gospel, and
called himself a Dunkard Baptist. By trade he was
a stone-mason. He moved to Illinois, west of Vin-
cennes, Ind.
Moore Mcintosh, with his wife and family, came
here about 1830, and lived in the Highland neigh-
borhood. He was justice of the peace for four
years.
John Cory was born in New Jersey, May 9, 1792.
He emigrated to Clermont County, Ohio, and thence
to this township, arriving here Sept. 10, 1834, with
his wife, Mary, and six children. He located on
eighty acres near Indian Creek, a quarter of a mile
northwest of where Oakland now is. He lived there
until his death, June 26, 1872. He was a farmer,
and built and ran a saw-mill on Indian Creek for sev-
eral years. His wife died two months subsequent to
his death. He was a member of the Uuiversalist
Church for thirty-four years preceding his death. He
belonged to the first society of Universalists organ-
ized in the township, which was about the year 1838.
He was constable of the township two terms. But
two of his children are living, viz., Samuel and An-
drew F., both prominent citizens of the township.
36
Samuel Cory was born in what is now Hancock
County (then Brooke County), W. Va., Jan. 4, 1818.
At the age of three years he went to Highland
County, Ohio, lived there eight years, and moved to
Clermont County, Ohio. From there he emigrated
with his parents to this township in September, 1834.
He taught the first public school ever taught in the
Oakland district, commencing October, 1837, and con-
tinuing six months. He taught school during each
subsequent winter till the winter of 1849. He worked
on the farm and at his fathers's saw-mill when not
teaching. He served as school oflBcer for nine years,
and in 1849 was elected one of the associate judges
of Marion County, serving in that capacity from
April, 1850, to November, 1851. The ofiice was then
abolished by the new State constitution. He was
then appointed by Governor Wright probate judge
of Marion County, and filled the vacancy occasioned
by the death of Adam Wright. He served as such
until the oflBce was abolished by an act of the Legis-
lature, which act transferred the business of that
court to the Court of Common Pleas. In April,
1853, he was elected one of the township trustees
for Lawrence township under the new school law ;
was re-elected from time to time, and served till
1874 (except for the year 1859). In October, 1874,
he was elected county commissioner for Marion
County, and served as such for three years, during
which time the new court-house was completed. He
has settled a large number of estates of deceased
persons and acted as guardian for a number of
orphan children. In the mean time he has lived on
the farm and labored there, and raised a family of
three sons and six daughters. He served for thirteen
and a half years as Worshipful Master and eight
years as secretary of Millersville Lodge, No. 126, F.
and A. M. He has been a member of that lodge
since May, 1853. He belongs to no church, but in
sentiment is a Uuiversalist. In politics he is a Dem-
ocrat, and looked upon as a leader of that party in
Lawrence township. He is a moral, honest, consci-
entious citizen, positive in his views, and temperate
in his habits. A better or more honorable citizen
never lived in the township.
Andrew F. Cory was born in Highland County,
554
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Ohio, April 21, 1821. He emigrated to this county
and township with his parents in 1834. He lived
with his father on the farm until eighteen years of
age, and then learned the carpenter trade. He worked
at that trade three years and then studied medicine.
In the year 1844 attended lectures at the Eclectic
College in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received the degree
of M.D. in 1846, and has practiced medicine ever
since. He has a good farm near Oakland. He was
treasurer of the township for several years, — as long
as it had three trustees. He served over seven
years as Worshipful Master of Oakland Lodge, No.
140, F. and A. M., and three years as secretary of
that lodge. He is a prominent Democrat and an in-
fluential citizen. He has three sons and two daugh-
ters.
Jeremiali Plummer was born in Kentucky about
1776, and emigrated from Brown County, Ohio, to
this township in 1826 with wife and seven children,
and entered two hundred and forty acres on Indian
Creek, now owned by John Smith and Chris. McCon-
nell. His wife's maiden name was Monica Chapman.
He was a member of the Methodi.st Episcopal Church,
and took a great interest in all affairs of the church.
About the year 1835 a class was organized at his
house, and preaching held there regularly every four
weeks for two or three years. He was the leading
spirit in the formation of Wesley Chapel, Methodist
Episcopal Church, and in the building of the first
church in the township, long known as the " Plum-
mer Church." He had five sons and two daughters.
The two daughters are dead, also two sons. Mr.
Plummer died about 1853. His wife is also dead.
John McCounell was a native of Ireland. When
he first came to this country he settled in Pennsyl-
vania, and subsequently moved to Brown County,
Ohio. While there he enlisted and served eighteen
months in the army during the war of 1812, at the
close of which he was discharged, and he returned
to Ohio. Betsy Brown was his wife's maiden name.
He, together with his family (wife and nine children),
emigrated to this township Nov. 17, 1824, and entered
eighty acres about three miles southwest of where
Oakland now is. The land is now owned by Chris.
McConnell. He continued to reside there until 1837,
when he died. He was a blacksmith, but his princi-
pal occupation was that of a farmer. While in the
township oil a prospecting tour in the fall of 1823 he
assisted at the raising of the first cabin ever raised by
a white man in the township. The first barrel of salt
bought by him cost twelve dollars and fifty cents,
and two and one-half bushels of wheat furnished all
the flour his large family ate during the first year of
his residence here. The first school privilege was a
subscription school, taught for eighteen days only, in
the kitchen of Peter Negley, — distance six miles.
His family had to go seven miles to church in the
early days of their residence here. Mr. McConnell
was an honorable, conscientious citizen, and being
one of the very first settlers of the township, was com-
pelled to endure many privations and hardships. His
, companion has long since passed from this earth, and
of their nine children only two remain. Four of
the children died in 1855 at about the same time.
Isabel lived here about twenty years ; married John
Shenkle, and died in Iowa in 1880. Betsy married
Alexander Smith ; lived here till 1837, when she died.
Martha married Andrew Eller ; located on Indian
Creek, and lived there till her death, in 1850. John
L. died about 1855 ; lived here thirty-one years.
Thomas died about 1855; lived here twenty-nine
years. William diud about 1855 ; lived here twenty-
six years. Hiram died about 1855; lived here
twenty-four years. Washington lived here twenty-
two years, and went to Missouri thirteen years ago.
Charles McConnell, the third child of John and
Betsy McConnell, was born in Brown County, Ohio,
in 1808, and came to this township with his parents
Nov. 17, 1824, and remained with them until twenty-
one years of age. He assisted in grubbing and grad-
ing the National road for several miles east of Cum-
berland, this county, at thirteen dollars per month,
and thereby saved enough money to buy the eighty-
acre tract of land upon which he now lives with his
son-in-law, Mr. Barr. At the age of twenty-three
he married Barbara Hoss, with whom he lived forty-
one years, until her death. By this marriage there
were born unto them nine children, eight of whom
are living, and seven of whom live in this township.
He has been a member of the Universalist Church
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
555
for thirty years, and has been a believer in that faith
all his life. He has always been liberal in his dona-
tions towards all churches and for all purposes. The
public highways and schools always received great
encouragement from him. By his perseverance, in-
dustry, and economy he has accumulated quite a for-
tune. He is now seventy-five years of age, and is
one of Lawrence township's best citizens. He fol-
lowed farming most of his life, but has now retired.
In politics he is a Democrat.
John Bolander was born in Pennsylvania, Jan. 11,
1791. He emigrated to Brown County, Ohio, and
thence to this township, arriving here in October,
1828, with his family, consisting of a wife and eight
children. He located on Indian Creek, two miles
southwest of where Oakland now is. He entered
there two hundred and forty acres of land, and lived
upon it until his death, June 16, 1865. He farmed
all his life, and was a member of the Universalist
Church many years. His children were Samuel,
died November, 1875, never left county to live ; Levi,
lives in township ; Irena, died June, 1881, never left
county to live ; Elizabeth, died May, 1880, never left
county to live; Joseph, died May, 1878, never left
county to live ; Solomon, lives in county, has lived
in Iowa and Illinois; Noah, died in 1848, never left
county to live; Polly, died about twenty-two years
ago, in township. Three children were born after
their parents came to this county, viz. : Christina,
died about 1858, aged twenty-three; Catherine, mar-
ried Joseph Apple, lives in township ; Rebecca, lived
here until she moved to Hancock County, Ind., four
years ago.
Levi Bolander was born in Brown County, Ohio,
October, 1815, and came to this township with his
parents in October, 1828. He has lived here ever
since, and now owns seven hundred and twenty-three
acres of as fertile land as there is in the township.
He resides two miles northeast of Lawrence. He
has been a great encourager of the public schools,
and has freely given his money and time towards the
improvement of the public highways. He is treas-
urer of the Lawrence District Fair Association, an
Odd-Fellow, a granger, and a member of the Law-
rence Township Horse Company. He has fourteen
children living, all of whom reside in this county ex-
cept two. He has been married three times, and is
now living with his third wife (Mary J. Badgley),
whom he married twenty-three years ago. He is
known throughout the county as one of Lawrence
township's most substantial, influential, and valuable
citizens. He votes the Democratic ticket.
George H. Negley, son of Peter and Elizabeth
Negley, and a native of Hamilton County, Ohio,
came to this county with his parents in the year
1823. He located in this township about 1830.
He was a Methodist preacher for years, a firmer, and
a true Christian, — moral, temperate, and industrious.
At the time of his death he owned four hundred
acres of land in this township. At an early age he
married Elizabeth Ludwic, who survived him thirty-
three years, and who raised a large family of children
by her own industry, economy, and good management.
Rev. Negley died April 23, 1848, aged thirty-seven
years and two months. They had twelve children, —
two died in infancy and ten are now living. Three
sons and three daughters reside in this county. One
son lives in Frankfort County, Ind., one daughter in
Kansas, one in Ohio, and the youngest daughter in
Sheridan, Ind.
William McCoy, a native of Pennsylvania, emi-
grated to this county Dec. 21, 1826, with his wife
and ten children, and located half a mile west of
Malott Park. He moved to this township about
1830, and bought the farm now owned by the Bash
heirs. He followed farming. He and his wife both
died in this township. The following are the names
of their children that came to this township : Rebecca,
married John Collins, died after a residence of six-
teen years ; Elizabeth, married, went to Illinois and
died there ; John, lived in township twenty years,
died in Illinois ; William, lived in township thirty
years, died here about 1870 ; Ciarrisa, lived in town-
ship thirty-five years, been dead eight years ; Hannah,
been dead twenty-two years, died here ; James N.
has lived in county fifty-seven years; Murdock, went
to Wabash County, Ind., forty years ago; Morris,
died four years ago, lived in county fifty-three years ;
Nancy, married James Ballenger, lives in Grant
County, Ind., been there twenty-five years; Louis
556
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
and Polly were born in this county, and are both
dead. Four children died before Mr. McCoy came
here.
James N. McCoy, son of William McCoy, was
born in 1816. The first school attended by him in
this county was half a mile west of Malott Park, and
was taught by James Blackaby. The first church
attended by him was at his father's house, early in
the year 1827. He suffered all the trials and hard-
ships of a pioneer life, and has been a very hard-
working, industrious man. He has been a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church for fifty years ;
has held numerous positions of trust and honor in the
church at difierent times. In early times he was
compelled to go horseback to Pendleton to get corn
ground into meal, and during the time of high waters
resorted to the use of the '• hominy-block." His first
wife was named Elizabeth Beaver, daughter of Chris-
topher Beaver.
Hilary Silvey was born in Prince William County,
Va., July 27, 1798. He emigrated with his parents
to the Twelve-Mile Purchase near Brookville, lud.,
in the year 1812. He married Patience Williams in
Franklin County, Ind., and in 1832 moved with his
wife and five children to this township. He entered
one hundred and sixty acres near the centre of the
township, land now owned by William K. Sproul. He
lived there five years, and then moved into Washing-
ton township, this county, and bought one hundred
and sixty acres of Francis Holland, upon which he
has since lived. He has been a farmer all his life,
and has done an immense amount of labor. He has
been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
for fifty-nine years. During his residence in this
county circuit preaching was regularly held at his
cabin. During the past few years he has been totally
blind, and his usefulness is thus somewhat impaired.
His wife is still living, and on the 27th day of No-
vember, 1883, they had been married sixty years.
In all there were born unto them thirteen children.
The five who came here with them were Thomas P.,
lived in Lawrence township till his death, two years
ago; Martha, died in Indianapolis in 1872; Sarah,
married Joshua Houston and lives in Zionsville,
Ind. ; William A. is a farmer in Washington town-
ship, this county ; Jt)hn Wesley was drowned in a
spring when a baby. Several of the other children
live in this county.
Travis Silvey was born in Prince William County,
Va., in 1796. He emigrated with his parents to the
Twelve-Mile Purchase, near Brookville, Ind., in 1812.
He married Elizabeth Powers, and in 1834 moved,
with wife and three children, to this township, and
entered two hundred acres of land, now owned by his
heirs. He lived there until his death, in April, 1878.
He followed farming all his life, and was a useful
member of the community in which he lived. He
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for
forty-five years ; was an exhorter, and took a great
interest in all matters of religion. His wife survives
him. The three children who came here with him
were Mary Jane, married Jordan Hendricks, went on
the Wabash, and died there ; William, lives in Mis-
souri, went there five years ago ; Martha, went to
California four years ago ; is a widow.
Henry Bell, a native of Kentucky, came to this
township when sixteen years of age (in 1835), and
located where he now resides, two and one-half miles
south of east of Lawrence. He worked in Indian-
apolis nine years. He has followed farming nearly
all his life. During the past thirty years he has fol-
lowed auctioneering. He was married in 1843 to
Elizabeth Brown. They have had seven children, of
whom two sons and two daughters are living. He
has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for a
quarter of a century, and evinces a great interest in
its prosperity. He has been a good farmer and a suc-
cessful man.
Jacob Fred was born in Virginia Sept. 29, 1794.
He emigrated to Clermont County, Ohio, with his
parents at the age of five years. He and his family
moved to this township in 1833, and settled in the
woods one and one-half miles southeast of where
Lawrence now is. He entered one hundred and sixty
acres of land, upon which No. 11 school-house now
stands, and lived there until his death, in January,
1863. His wife died in 1866. He was a blacksmith
by trade, but followed farming after he came here.
During his lifetime he cleared seventy acres of heavy
timbered land. Of the eight children who came lo
LAWREXCE TOWNSHIP.
557
the township with him but four are living, as follows :
James B., lives on a part of the old homestead ; Israel,
lives in McCordsville, Ind., left here about 1843;
William W., lives on the west ninety acres of the old
homestead ; Hulda, married Samuel Groves, and went
to Illinois in 1866. She lived here thirty-three years.
John W. Combs was born Jan. 25, 1825, in Dear-
born County, Ind. He came to this county with his
parents in 1828, located on Pennsylvania Street, in
Indianapolis, his father building a residence on a lot
known as Switcher property, opposite where the new
Denison Hotel now is. In 1837 he moved five miles
west of Indianapolis, on the National road, where his
father, Jesse Combs, bought a farm of eighty acres.
John W. left home at the age of seventeen years, and
engaged in the dry-goods business with his brother,
William F. Combs, at Strawtown, Ind. He was there
two years. In 1847 he was married, in Hamilton
County, Ind., to Emma, daughter of Allen Cole.
These two brothers then moved to this county, and
engaged in the dry -goods business at Germantown till
1852. They built the first store-house in Oakland,
and moved there in 1852, and continued the business
five years. John W. was agent of the " Bee Line"
at Oakland for fourteen years. He served as justice
of the peace in this township for sixteen years; has
been as.sessor of the township, and held many places
of trust and honor. After retiring from the dry-
goods business he purchased a farm near Oakland,
and is now a farmer. He has three children, — two
sons and one daughter. He has been a Master iVIason
since 1852, and served as Worshipful Master of Oak-
land Lodge, No. 140, two years, and as secretary eleven
years, and held many other places of honor and trust
in that fraternity. He has been identified with the
interests of Lawrence township for years, and is one
of its most prominent citizens. He is a prominent
local politician, identified with the interests of the
Democratic party. He is a notary public.
John Perry was born in Maryland about 1780.
He married Druzilla Newhall when twenty-four years
of age. He moved to this township in 1832 and
entered the land on which John L. Brown now re-
sides, one-half mile south of Lawrence. Mr. Perry
lived there until 1862, and died. His wife died in
1864. He and his wife were members of the Bap-
tist Church for more than fifty years. Mr. Perry
owned a store in Lawrence for several years, his son,
Aquilla D., attending to the business for him. Mr.
Perry was a useful member of society, moral, tem-
perate, and upright. He brought seven children to
the township with hira, and another followed him
soon afterwards, viz., Thomas, died in township
twelve years ago. Ann died in Colorado in 1881 ;
lived here until 1858, married Moses Winters ; Wil-
liam was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Feb. 1,
1810. He emigrated to this township with his par-
ents in 1832. At end of one year returned to Ohio,
remaining there five years, and then returned to this
county and bought the farm on which he has since re-
sided. He was married Jan. 20, 1839, to Catharine
Newhouse. He has been an industrious farmer all
his life. John died in Iowa, lived here twenty years ;
Eezen only lived here four jyears, lives in Pana, 111. ;
Samuel lived in township about twenty-nine years,
died in 1863 ; James, never absent from township
since 1832 but three years. He died in Marshall
County ; Aquilla D. lived here four years, died in
Pana, 111., in 1873.
Thomas P. Silvey was born in Fayette County,
Ind., Nov. 6, 1825, and moved with his father's
family to this township in 1832, where he lived till
his death, Nov. 13, 1881. He married Margaret J.,
daughter of Robert Johnson, Sr., in October, 1846.
She died Sept. 13, 1867. He had by this wife nine
children, seven of whom, three sons and four daugh-
ters, survive him. Two died in infancy. In June,
1868, he married Lauvina Johnson, daughter of
James Johnson, who died in March, 1869. In Jan-
uary, 1870, he married Elizabeth E., daughter of
John Calvin Johnson, who lived till June, 1875.
By her he had three children, all of whom died in
infancy. He again married in March, 1876, to
Sally Ann Irwin, who survives, and by whom he had
one child. When he was first married he lived on a
rented farm near Millersville, this county, where he
lived till 1852, when he bought a farm of eighty
acres near the same village. On this farm he lived
one year, when he sold it and bought what is known
as the old Joshua Reddick farm, on Mud Creek.
558
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Subsequently he purchased the Sheets farm, the Abe
Anderson farm, and a part of the JoTin Calvin John-
son farm. He sold all of this to Elijah Fletcher in
1872, and in the spring of 1873 bought and moved
to the Ozro Bates farm, one-quarter of a mile east of
Castleton. In 1874 he bought of David Macy the
Gentry farm and Brown farm, in all about three hun-
dred acres. He was a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and lived a consistent member
thereof. He was an industrious farmer and a useful
member of society. By his death the church lost
one of its most prominent and valuable members.
He was a member of the order of Odd-Fellows.
William McClaren, Sr., was born in Ireland about
1760. In the year 1831 he came from Kentucky to
this township with his wife, five sons, and two daugh-
ters, and entered three hundred and twenty acres of
land, where the Mcllvains and George G. Johnson
now live. He lived there till his death, about the
year 1850. He was a Universalist in sentiment, and
a farmer by occupation. His wife, two girls, and son,
John, are dead.
William Hubbard was born in Morgan County,
Ind., Jan. 25, 1839, raised upon a farm, and served
in Company H, Eleventh Indiana Volunteers, till May
23, 1863, when he was discharged to receive promo-
tion as captain of Company B, Fifty-third United
States Colored Infantry, he remaining in the service
(participating in many engagements in and around
Vicksburg, Miss.) until August, 1865, when he was
honorably discharged. He returned to his old home,
and engaged in the drug business. He came to
Marion County in 1872, and at present is engaged
in the drug business in Lawrence. In politics he is
a National, — a leader in this township.
Jesse Herrin was born in Pulaski County, Ky.,
March 10, 1801. He left home at the age of eighteen
years, and from that time has made his own living
in the world. He emigrated to Shelby County, Ind.,
with second wife and three children, about the year
1831, and thence to this township in 1835. He
moved on the McDonald land, now owned by Mr.
McLain, and took a lease there, and cleared about
thirty acres. He then entered eighty acres about
one mile southeast of where Castleton now is, and
built upon it, cleared it, and improved it. He has
been a farmer through life. He has raised eight
sons and two daughters to be men and women. Mr.
Herrin still lives on the old homestead.
Cornelius Wadsworth was born in Harrison
County, West Va., July 5, 1800. He lived on the
farm with his father until near the close of the war
of 1812, when he enlisted, served sixty days, until
its close. He left his parental roof at the age of
eighteen years to seek a home in the far West. He
went to Ohio, thence to Illinois, and thence to Mis-
souri, but soon came to Indiana, stopping in Indian-
apolis, and before there was a brick laid or a house
of any importance on the streets of Indianapolis, he
cut cord-wood and helped to clear away the brush
and trees ofiT the ground where the prominent streets
and business-houses now are. At the age of twenty-
three he married Cassandra Legg. He purchased
one hundred and sixty acres in this township, upon
which he lived until his death, Aug. 19, 1882. There
were born unto him five children, two of whom, to-
gether with their mother, survive him.
Mr. Wadsworth was a man of good moral charac-
ter, true to his convictions, and respected and liked
by his acquaintances. He followed farming all his
life, cleared a large tract of land, and, besides*being a
man of industry and energy, was a truly good neigh-
bor and friend and citizen. In politics he was a
Democrat of the Jeifersonian faith. He was elected
and served three terms as justice of the peace of
Lawrence township.
Christopher Apple was born in Clermont County,
Ohio, April 28, 1807. At the age of twenty-two
years he married Catharine Crumbaugh. Their
parents were of German descent. He emigrated
from Ohio to this township in 1837, and entered
eighty acres, the farm now owned by his son, John
W., near Oakland. He cleared and improved the
eighty acres, and lived upon it until his death, Jan.
24, 1871. He was an honest, industrious citizen,
and his good wife shared with him in all the trials
and hardships incident to pioneer life. For a number
of years he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. In 1866 he changed his relation to the
Christian Church, and aided largely in building a
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
559
house of worship in Oakland, Ind., for that denomi-
nation. He lived a consistent and faithful Christian
until his death. In politics he was a firm Democrat.
His wife survived him five years, dying in January,
1876. Mr. and Mrs. Apple were the parents of
eight children, the youngest dying in infancy. The
following are living in Marion County, except Mahlon,
who lives in Hancock County, Ind., viz. : Eliza J.,
Mary, Peter, Phebe, John W., Mahlon, and William
M. John W. lives upon the old homestead; has
been a successful teacher in the public schools of
Marion County for a number of years, and in farm-
ing (which occupation he follows) has been very
successful. He is elder, trustee, and clerk of the
Christian Church, and superintendent of the Sunday-
school, and occasionally preaches very acceptably.
He was born on the farm which he now owns Sept.
7, 1841.
John L. Brown, born in Brown County, Ohio,
April 20, 1816, is the son of George Brown and
Mary, his wife, both old Virginians. They had
eight children, the oldest a daughter, who was the
wife of James H. Wallace. Mr. Wallace was one of
the leading men of Jefferson County, Ind. He was
a member of the Indiana Legislature for several terms,
commencing about the year 1830 ; was regarded as
the father of the " Internal Improvement System" of
this State. Their seven boys in succession grew to
be men; their names were as follows: Thomas B.,
Lewis L., James W., George, Richard H., John L.,
and Daniel R. The subject of this sketch is a first-
class farmer, having two good farms, which he works
to good advantage financially. He was county treas-
urer of this county, and the county lost not a cent
under his faithful administration. His brother,
Daniel R., the youngest of the family (a resident of
Indianapolis), by his energy and industry, has accu-
mulated quite a fortune. He is a physician by pro-
fession, but has long since given up the practice. He
has served as clerk of the court of Hamilton County,
also senator for the counties of Hamilton and Tipton
in the Legislature of this State. Richard H. was a
hotel-keeper in the cities of Madison, Ind., and Cov-
ington, Ky. George was a merchant; was a very
ardent Odd-Fellow. George Brown Encampment,
No. 44, I. 0. 0. ¥., at Noblesville, Ind., was named
after him. James W., Lewis L., and Thomas B.
were farmers, having cleared the forest and made
their farms in this county.
This was a very remarkable family, all large,
healthy men, with about one hundred and ninety
pounds average weight, and what is yet more re-
markable, no death occurred in the family under
forty-seven years. The father, George Brown, was
almost pure English. His father, Thomas Reeth
Brown, was a native of Yorkshire, England, and
came to Virginia about the year 1774. When the
Revolutionary war broke out he enlisted as a soldier
of his adopted country. He married Margaret
Tacket, whose mother was a French lady and her
father an Englishman. She was born and raised
near Old Point Comfort, Va. All of their children
were born and raised in Loudoun and Fauquier Coun-
ties, Va. About the year 1800 they emigrated to
Mason County, Ky., bringing with them their chil-
dren. After a short residence in Kentucky they
moved across the Ohio River and settled in Brown
County, Ohio, immediately opposite to Mason County,
where they remained the balance of their days. The
father lived to the age of eighty-five years, and the
mother survived him, and lived to the great age
of one hundred and four years. Mrs. Elizabeth
Thomas, daughter of these old people, died only a
few years since, at the extreme age of one hundred
and eight years. Mary (Lee) Brown, mother of
John L. and the others of this family, was a de-
scendant of the celebrated Lee family, of Virginia,
being a relative of Gen. Robert E. Lee, of the Con-
federate army. Her father was Lewis Lee, a brother
of Gen. Harry Lee and Peter Lee. Her father, with
his brothers, settled in Mason County, Ky., and for
some time lived in a block-house, which was then
called Lee's Station. They took up large tracts of
land, which were called surveys. Some of those old
titles are yet in the hands of the Lee family. The
father and mother of the subject of this sketch were
married in the year 1802, in Washington, Ky.. and
lived together for twenty-eight years, when the mother
died in Maysville, Ky. In 1832 the father sold his
farm in Ohio and emigrated to this county. The
560
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
four unmarried sons, Thomas, Richard, John, and
Daniel, came with the father, and settled in the
woods, three-quarters of a mile north of where Law-
rence now stands, paying one dollar and twenty-five
cents per acre for his land. The next fall James
came and settled near by. Lewis had preceded the
family six years, and also owned land adjoining.
This family furnished seventeen good soldiers (their
own sons) for the Union army during the late Rebel-
lion. Two of those lost their lives in battle. The
father died in the spring of 1847. At that time all
of his children were living, but now all but three are
dead, leaving Lewis L., John L., and Daniel R. living
at this date (Nov. 11, 1883). The wife of John L.
was born in Brawn County, Ohio. Her maiden name
was Caroline D. Mason, daughter of John Mason and
Mary, his wife. The mother is still living at the home
of her daughter, in the eighty-sixth year of her age.
Mary Mason was a daughter of Charles O'Connor,
an Irishman by birth, who came to this country in
the latter part of the last century. He was educated
for a Catholic priest, but never entered upon the duties
of the priesthood. John Mason was born in Adams
County, Ohio ; was of English descent. His father
was a soldier in the Revolutionary war under Gen.
Francis Marion. John L. Brown and Caroline D.
Mason were married in 1851, and are still living on
one of the farms in Lawrence township. They have
five children, — Mrs. C. Martin, who is now living with
her husband, Reuben Martin, on their farm in Brown
County, Ohio, the same farm where John L. and
Daniel R. were born. Mrs. L. HufiF, the wife of A. M.
Huff, living on their farm in Lawrence township.
The other three — -Clara, William, and Daniel — are
living at home with their parents. John L. and
Caroline Brown have also raised six orphan children.
In politics the subject of this sketch is a Republican,
as is also the whole family of Browns of this large re-
lationship, most of them have been active and very
decided in their political views. Mr. Brown says his
experience in clearing up this country was a very
laborious undertaking, but he has no regrets now. It
is true, he says, they had many privations, but al-
ways had plenty to eat, sometimes plenty of game,
such as deer, turkeys, squirrel, and pheasant, and al-
ways certain of plenty of pork, with turnips and cab-
bage, and, if the season was favorable, potatoes. In
the summer wild plums, roasting ears, and pumpkins
generally in abundance, especially after the first year.
Corn-bread always on the table, for the best reason in
world, — they had no wheat to make flour, and if he
had there was no mill to grind and bolt it, only on the
regular corn-stone, and had (o bolt by hand, that
made the flour dark and clammy ; but notwithstand-
ing all the hardships and privations, if he knew of a
county as good as this, he would be willing to try the
same over again.
The following is a list of early settlers, not previ-
ously noticed, who came to Lawrence township about
the year set opposite their names, viz. :
Oliver Vanlaningham 1825
Joseph Justice 1825
Angel 1828
Lamb 1828
James Sigmund 1830
Solomon Bowers 1833
Richard Marshall 1833
Benjamin Newhouse 1828
Madison Webb 1834
William McKenzie 1834
Adam Miller 1834
Lewis Tilyer 1832
Benjamin Chapman 1835
Pauiser Sowers 1865
Nathaniel Webber 1836
Reuben Hunter 1836
George J. Baker 1836
James White 1836
Joseph Heltman 1837
Isaac Murphy 1827
James H. Murphy 1837
Jonah F. Lemon 1838
James Hunter 1838
Henry Klepfer 1838
Zachariah White 1838
Mark Day. Date unknown.
William McKinster " "
Adam Clark " "
Frederick Sheets " "
Conrad Fertig " "
William Sigmund " "
James T. Wright came to the township with a large
family at a comparatively late period, but it can be
truly said of him that he accomplished as much for the
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
51
morals of the people of the township as any other man
that ever resided within it. He was a minister of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and for many years
labored zealously for the cause of Christianity and
the welfare of his fellow-men. He was beloved by
all who knew him, and the moral, temperate. Chris-
tian influences by him spread among the people were
lasting. He was the founder of the Castleton Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, and for many years preached
" without money and without price" to the people at
various points in the townships of Washington and
Lawrence.
The first two white children born within the limits
of the township of Lawrence were William Perry
Reddick and John Newton Reddick, twin sons of
Elisha and Margaret Reddick.
The first marriage in the township was that of
David Cothran to Lucinda Reddick. They were
married in May, 1825, by William Rooker, in the
log house of William Reddick.
The first white person known to have died in the
township was the wife of a man named Canada, who
had squatted on public land. She died and was
buried on the farm now owned by Hettie M. and
John E. Hunter. She was buried by James Ellis,
Robert Warren, and John Sellers in a piece of an
old canoe on the top of the high hill just west of
the residence now upon the farm. This occurred in
the fall of 1823, and so frightened Mr. Canada that
he took his departure for Kentucky the day after
his wife's burial.
Silas Ashley was the first white man and the sec-
ond white person buried in the township. His grave
was dug within ten feet of the corner-stone now
standing on the township line just west of the Mil-
lersville Flouring-Mill.
The first funeral sermon preached in the township
was by a Presbyterian minister named Mooreland at
the burial of Charles Johnson, in the Joshua Reddick
graveyard, in 1827.
The first burial-ground in the township was upon
the farm known as the Joshua Reddick farm, and
the ground was set apart as a burial-ground by
William Reddick. The place is still used as a
burial-place, and is better known as the Tom Silvey
graveyard.
The first physician who practiced in the township
was Dr. Isaac Coe. His route was up and down
Pall Creek. In the early settlement of the town-
ship chills and fever were prevalent, and the doctor
used to make the statement that frequently in mak-
ing his trips he would find whole families down at
one time with the then dreaded disease. The next
doctors who came into the township were Drs. Jones
and Dr. Stipp, who were successful practitioners.
The early roads of the township were almost im-
passable, and during the spring of the year many of
the present ones are nearly so. The first road laid
out in the township was what is now known as the
old Pendleton State road, and which was at one time
a noted Indian trail. This route was used before the
settlement of the township by people traveling be-
tween Indianapolis and Anderson. It was " cut out"
by the voters of the township during the winter of
1825-26. Before that time it was simply a track
that wound around between the trees and brush.
Samuel Morrow was the supervisor. Beginning at a
point where the toll-gate stands northeast of Millers-
ville, they worked in a northeasterly direction, and
meet a gang of men engaged in a similar work, from
Pendleton, at a point on the county line west of
where Germantown now is. Several years ago the
township received from the government what was
termed the three per cent, fund, and with it cross-
laid the highways wherever needed.
The public highways of Lawrence have never been
in good condition, though they have received great
attention, and a very large annual outlay of money
and labor has been made to maintain them in even
a passable condition. There are one hundred and
eleven miles of public highway in the township, nine-
teen miles of which is turnpiked, and eight miles of
that is free. The levy for road purposes for the year
1883 is fifteen cents on one hundred dollars.
The water-power of the township is, and has
always been, chiefly derived from Pall Creek, though
many years ago three mills were erected and operated
for some time on Indian Creek ; but as the country
562
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
became cleared the water-power diminished until
they could be operated only a short time during each
year, hence the business proved an unprofitable one,
and the mills were abandoned.
John Cory built a saw-mill on Indian Creek in the
year 1836, just west of where Oakland now is. It
was operated until about 1850, and then allowed to
go down. David Hoss built a frame saw-mill on
Indian Creek, two miles southwest of where Oakland
now is, about the year 1836. It was operated about
fifteen years, and then abandoned. About the year
1833, Samuel Williams built a log grist-mill on
Indian Creek, upon the laud now owned by Ben-
jamin Smith. It had one run of stone, upon which
both wheat and corn were ground. Its capacity was
two bushels per hour. The flour was bolted by hand,
and the bolt consisted of two boxes so adjusted that
one would slide upon the other. Every man had to
bolt his own grist, and it required two hours' work
to bolt the flour made from one bushel of wheat.
Mr. Williams built the mill and dressed the stone
out of granite rock, performing all the labor himself
For some time after the completion of the mill
nothing but corn was ground. About the year 1837,
Mr. Williams sold the mill to Alexis Riley, who
operated it about ten years, and then abandoned it
because of the lack of water in the creek in the dry
season of the year.
A grist-mill was built in the fall of 1825 on the
east bank of Pall Creek, just north of what is
known as the " correction line," and owned and
operated it about two years. It proved to be worth-
less, and he let it go down. He then hired
Messrs. Cooney and Van Pelt, two millwrights of
Pendleton, to build another mill (grist-mill and saw-
mill combined). It was erected on the opposite side
of the creek from the first one, and a dam seven feet
in height with force-head was built. The mill was
operated by various parties for twenty-four years, and
was destroyed by fire in 1851, and never rebuilt.
The capacity of the mill was eight bushels of corn
and one thousand feet of lumber per day.
Fountain Kimberlain built a saw-mill, about 1835,
on Fall Creek, upon the land now owned by his heirs.
It was torn down prior to 1840.
Samuels & Son built a saw-mill, about 1837, on
Fall Creek, at a point known as the Emery Ford.
The fall being iusufiicient and the mill of not much
account, it was torn down about the year 1842.
Abraham Sellers built a saw-mill on Fall Creek
about 1853. He ran it two years, and sold out to
James Hines. In 1855 or 1856, Mr. Hines built a
grist-mill on the west side of Fall Creek, opposite the
saw-mill. About the time of the completion of the
grist-mill building Mr. Hines died. The property
was then sold to Benjamin Chroninger, who in turn
sold it to Leonard & Francis Chroninger. James
Floor then bought the property, and completed the
mill and put in the machinery. He failed to pay for
it, and the ownership reverted to Leonard & Francis
Chroninger. They owned and operated it till 1864,
and then sold it to William Roberts, who has owned
and operated it ever since. The mill is a good one,
and is supplied with improved machinery.
John Beaver, an old pioneer, erected a grist-mill
in about the year 1832 on Fall Creek, about one-half
mile below where the creek first enters the township.
He owned it until his death, and his heirs sold it to
William Bills about the year 1844. He sold it to
Philip Dresher and Baughman about the year
1862. Baughman lost his life by an accident re-
ceived at the mill. In the year 1873 the ownership
became vested in Enoch Hanna, the present proprie-
tor. It is known as the Germantown Mill, and did
a good business prior to 1873 ; at present the ex-
penses of operating it exceed the income.
The mill built by Seth Bacon and Peter Negley in
1824 on Fall Creek, near Millersville, also the mills
on the same «tream and near the same place owned
by Daniel Ballenger, Noah Leverton, Jacob Spahr,
William Winpenny, Tobias Messersmith, and others,
are mentioned in the history of Washington township.
Elections. — The Democratic party has ever held
the ascendency in the township, and at present its
majority is in the neighborhood of eighty. On the
first Saturday in October, 1826, the first election
was held in the township. A justice of the peace
and a supervisor were elected. The polls were opened
at the cabin of John Johnson, on Fall Creek, a short
distance southeast of where the " correction line'
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
563
crosses the creek. Thirteen votes were cast, and
Peter Castater was elected justice of the peace, and
Samuel Morrow was elected supervisor. The fol-
lowing persons voted, viz. :
Elisha Reddick. Peter Castater.
Joshua Reddick. Samuel Morrow.
William Reddick. Robert Warren.
Thomas North. John Johnson.
Samuel North. John Negley.
Daniel Ballenger. John McConnel.
James Ballenger.
At the second election, which was held at the same
place in 1S2G, there were present nearly forty voters
Subsequently elections were held at Joseph John-
son's blacksmith-shop, near where No. 5 school-
house now stands ; at Fount Kimberlain's residence
for several years (it was held there in 1840) ; at
Baker's school-house for several years (it was held
there in 18-42 and 1843); at Andrew Bolander's
blacksmith-shop and at his residence, situate on the
east forty-acre tract of land now owned by William
K. Sproul (the election was there in 1849) ; and at
Spring Valley school-house No. 8, and was held
there until three voting precincts were established.
The election was then held at the residence of Henry
Cronk, one mile east of Castleton, at Spring Valley
school-house No. 8, and at William Hoss' residence,
at the cross roads near the David Hoss farm, south-
west of Oakland, until the township was divided
into three precincts for election purposes and polls
established at school-houses Nos. 3, 6, and 9, which
are the present voting places, as follows : Precinct
No. 1, at Oakland; Precinct No. 2, at Vertland ;
Precinct No. 3, at Lawrence.
Hailroads. — Two railway lines pass through the
township. The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific
Railroad enters it, from the southwest, at a point
about three miles south of the northwest corner,
passing through the township in a northeasterly
direction a distance of three and one-half miles, and
leavmg it at a point one and three-quarter miles east
of the northwest corner. The road was completed
through the township in the winter of 1851.
Castleton is the only station on the road in the
township.
The railway now known as the Bee Line was
completed through the township in the winter of
1850. It enters the township two miles east of the
southwest corner, and passes across the southeast
corner, a distance of eight and one-half miles, and
leaves it at a point four and one-quarter miles north
of the southeast corner. The towns of Lawrence
and Oakland enjoy the facilities oifered by this
railroad.
Minnewan Springs. — -These springs, situate
upon the farm of Hezekiah Smart, one and one-
half miles northeast of the town of Lawrence, are
worthy of notice. These springs are situated in
the midst of a grove. They came into public notice
about the year 1860, and were supposed to contain
valuable mineral 'properties. Great excitement pre-
vailed and much comment was indulged in upon the
first announcement of the wonderful curative power
of these springs, but they have long since passed
from public notice. These springs, three in number,
" rise perpendicular through blue clay to the surface,
one hundred and eighty feet above the water, in
White River, at Indianapolis." Abraham Vines, the
owner of the premises at the time of the discovery,
sold them, on Aug. 27, 1863, to the Minnewan
Springs Company, composed of speculators in Indian-
apolis. The company erected a bath-house, fitted up
the springs, and otherwise improved the property so
as to fully test the efficacy of the waters. Thomas
D. Worrall was the manager. For several years
thereafter the place became a favorite resort for
people from the city. The investment proved an
unprofitable one, as the springs, by careful chemical
analy.sis, were found to contain but little if any
medicinal virtues; hence, on the 22d day of April,
1871, the company— J. L. Hunt, James Maulsley,
and Ruth Maulsley — sold the premises to Hezekiah
Smart, the present owner.
Post-Offices and Villages. — The following-named
post-offices are located in Lawrence township, viz. :
Castleton, Lawrence, and Oaklandon. At and from
each of these offices the mail arrives and departs
twice daily. Mail matter intended for Germantown
is sent to Oaklandon, and that bound for Vertland
goes to Castleton.
564
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
I
The township has five villages, viz. : Germantown,
Lawrence, Oakland, Vertland, and Castleton.
Germantown, situated in the northeastern part of
the township, on Fall Creek, is the oldest, and was
laid out by John Beaver, Solomon Beaver, and George
Beaver, on March 1, 1834. A part of the town was
in Hamilton County and a part in Marion County.
It contains a saw- and grist-mill combined, and one
country dry-goods store. Anthony Snyder is the
merchant, William Sala is the miller, and Harvey
Smith the physician. The population is about thirty.
Lawrence was laid out Feb. 27, 1849, by James
White, in the southeast corner of the northeast
quarter of section 13, township 16 north, range
4 east, being south of the Pendleton road. Mr.
White platted the town as Lanesville, and it was
sometimes called Jamestown, after Mr. White.
North Lanesville was laid out by James White,
Dec. 27, 1850. Reuben Hunter laid out an addi-
tion June 14, 1852, and on Nov. 5, 1856, Samuel
Records made an addition and subsequently four
more additions. William M. Voorhes laid out an ad-
dition north of the railroad, and Robinson & Co.
laid out an addition, just west of North Lanesville,
containing three hundred and sixty-eight lots and
four blocks. The latter addition was made during
the great real estate boom, and never benefited the
town. A post-office was established at the cross-
roads south of the present town in 1847 or 1848, and
James R. Beard was the first postmaster. The name
of the office was Lawrence. Upon petition, the
county commissioners about the year 1866 changed
the name of the village from Lanesville to Lawrence,
so as to correspond with the name of the post-office.
This action was taken to obviate the difficulties con-
tinually experienced in mail matters. Mail intended
for Lawrence would be taken to Lanesville, in Har-
rison County, and the Lanesville mail would con-
stantly be sent to Lawrence, thus continually creatine
a source of annoyance and confusion. The first mer-
chant in old Lanesville was Elijah Knight.
The town of Lawrence is situated nine miles from
Indianapolis, in a direction north of east, on the
Bee-Line Railroad. The streets are well graded
and graveled ; the buildings are in good condition.
and the village is a lively little place, and the prettiest
in the township. No village of the size in Marion
County outranks it in enterprising business men.
The Western Union Telegraph Company have an
office there, and it has telephonic connection with all
important towns in Indiana. It has a graded school,
a Methodist and Baptist Church, an Odd-Fellows'
lodge, and a lodge of Knights of Honor; two physi-
cians (Dr. Samuel Records and Smith H. Mapes,
M.D.) ; two general dry-goods stores, conducted by
M. E. Freeman and H. M. Newhouse & Co., both
doing a thriving business. William Hubbard has the
oldest drug-store, is a man of the strictest integrity,
and has an extensive trade. Mapes & White carry a
large stock of goods, and although the firm is new, it
is an enterprising one. Peters Brothers have a knife-
manufactory. M. C. Dawson manufactures drain-tile,
and does a business not surpas.sed by any firm in that
line in the county. The population of the village is
about one hundred and fifty. M. E. Freeman is the
postmaster.
The village of Oakland is situated thirteen miles
from Indianapolis, on the Bee-Line Railroad. It
was laid out June 18, 1849, by John Emery. The
name Oakland was suggested by Dr. Moore. The
streets have never been improved and many of the
houses are in a dilapidated condition, and the village
presents the appearance of age and decay. Subse-
quent to 1849 John Mock, Andrew F. Cory, John
W. Combs, and Enoch Hanna laid out additions.
The first merchants were the firm of John W. &
William Combs ; the first practicing physician was
James W. Hervey. The town has a population of
about two hundred, and has a telephonic connection
and a Western Union Telegraph office. The railroad
company recently completed a commodious depot,
which adds greatly to the comfort of the traveling
public. The present merchants are David G. Hanna
and Naaman C. Plummer, both of whom are dealers
in general merchandise. Andrew F. Cory and Jeff.
K. Heltman are the physicians, and Naaman C.
Plummer is the postmaster. The name of the post-
office is Oaklandon. The town has three churches,
— a Methodist, a Christian, and a Universalist. The
last two named have a large membership and are well
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
565
attended. The first named, however, is in a precari-
ous condition. The village contains a graded school,
and the Masons, Odd-Fellows, and Grangers have
lodges located there.
Vertland is situated eleven and a half miles north-
northeast of Indianapolis, on the Wabash, St. Louis
and Pacific Railroad. It was laid out by Milford H.
Vert, March 14, 1851, and given the name of Belle-
fontaine. It was so called until June 13, 1853,
when, upon petition of Milford H. Vert and seven
uther citizens of Bellefontaine, all voters of said town,
tlie Board of County Commissioners ordered " that
the name of said town be, and it is hereby changed
to, Vertland ; which name it shall hereafter bear."
Originally the town contained thirty-three lots, but
many of them have been thrown back into farming-
land, and no business of any kind has been carried
on there for many years. The first merchants of the
town were Hilary and Eaton Thomas. The Castle-
ton Methodist Episcopal Church and the parsonage
of the Castleton Circuit are located there. No. 3
school-house is also located there and a graded school
taught. James I. Rooker is the only physician in
the place. The population of the town is about twenty-
five.
Eleven miles from Indianapolis, on the Wabash,
St. Louis and Pacific Railroad, is situated the lively
little town known as Castleton. It was laid out Feb.
25, 1852, by Thomas P. Gentry, aud contained nine
lots. On April 29, 1875, David Macy laid out an
addition east of the railroad, containing sixteen lots.
Lewis Drounbergcr was the first merchant. The
present merchants are Peter L. Negley, Solomon
Kleffer, and Wadsworth & Son, all of whom deal ex-
tensively in general merchandise. Peter L. Negley
is the postmaster, and A. W. T. Lyle and Hilary Sil-
vey are the physicians. The town has telephonic
connection. The present population is about fifty,
having improved con.siderabiy during the past eight
years, prior to which time no ground could be ob-
tained upon which buildings could be erected and the
village enlarged. It is situated in the midst of a fine
farming region.
Societies and Assoeiations, — There are five
active secret and benevolent societies in the town-
ship ; one dormant and one defunct grange P. of H. ;
one fair association ; and a horse company, as fol-
lows:
Oakland Lodge, No. 140, F. and A. M., was in-
stituted under a dispensation dated Dec. 8, 1852, in
Oakland, Ind. The following were the charter
members : B. G. Jay, W. M. ; John W. Combs,
S. W. ; Nelson Bradley, J. W. ; James A. Harrison,
Treas. ; James Hinds, Sec. ; Elias V. Kelly, S. D. ;
Elias H. McCord, J. D. ; Enoch D. Hanna, Tiler ;
James W. Hervey, Jacob Beatty, Clark Wait, and
Nehemiah Brooks.
The lodge was chartered by the M. W. Grand
Lodge May 25, 1853. The following officers were
elected under charter : Barzilled G. Jay, W. M. ;
John W. Combs, S. W. ; Nelson Bradley, J. W.
The following persons have served as Worshipful
Masters of the lodge the number of years noted, viz. :
B. G. Jay, 1 1 years ; Nelson Bradley, 1 year ; John
W. Combs, 2 years; James W. Hervey, 2 years;
Thomas P. Hervey, 3 years; Harvey Colwell, 4 years;
Joseph L. Harley, 1 year; Andrew F. Cory, 7}
years ; Naaman C. Plummer, 1 year ; Charles J.
Negley, 2 years ; George W. Bolander, 1 year ;
George W. Stanley, 5 years.
The following named have served as secretary the
number of years noted, viz. : James Hinds, 2 years ;
B. G. Jay, 1 year ; I. N. Craig, 3 years ; Jacob
McCord, 5 years ; A. F. Cory, 3 years ; Martin V.
McConnaha, 2 years; John W. Combs, 11 years;
Jonathan Conkle, 1 year ; George W. Stanley, 2
years.
The lodge held its meetings in the attic under the
roof of Enoch D. Hanna's store building until 1857.
About that time the trustees of the lodge and the
township trustee jointly erected the building now
used as a lodge hall, and occupied by the primary
department of district school No. 6. The lodge has
fifty members in good standing, and meets on the
Wednesday evening of or preceding the full moon of
each month.
Oakland Lodge, No. 534, I. 0. O. F., was insti-
tuted by John W. McQuiddy, special deputy, ou
566
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
June 1, 1876, with six charter and six initiatory
members. The following were the first officers :
F. Fellows, N. G. ; G. W. Bolander, V. G. ; George
W. Karer, Rec. Sec. ; G. W. Teal, Treas.
The society meets every Thursday evening, and
has about thirty-six members. The following officers
were elected in June, 1883: Thomas Shafer, N. G. ;
Noel Bolander, V. G. ; William F. Combs, Sec;
Stephen P. Riley, Treas.
Castleton Lodge, No. 518, I. O. 0. F., was insti-
tuted by dispensation at Castleton, Dec. 21, 1875,
by J. W. McQuiddy, P. G. Rep., special deputy.
In the summer of 1881 it was consolidated with
Broad Ripple Lodge, No. 548. The event was cele-
brated on Saturday, June 11, 1881, by a picnic in
the beautiful grove adjoining Broad Ripple.
Lawrence Lodge, No. 375, I. 0. 0. F. On the
28th day of June, 1871, W. H. De Wolf, Grand
Master of the R. W. Grand Lodge of the I. 0. 0. F.,
granted a dispensation for a lodge at Lawrence, Ind.,
to be known as Lawrence Lodge, No. 375, 1. 0. 0. F.,
on the petition of the following-named persons, who
became charter members: W. M. Babcock, John
Bills, William Morrison, Isaac Bills, and Sylvester
Gaskius, formerly of McCordsville Lodge, No. 338.
The lodge was instituted by Grand Secretary E.
H. Barry, as special deputy, on July 15, 1871.
After the lodge was duly instituted the following
persons were initiated : John McCormick, Thomas
Spong, John Newhouse, Richard Johnson, Henry
Bell, John Dclzell, Smith H. Mapes, George Springer,
Henry C. Allen, John Shafer, and 0. N. Wilming-
ton. No other signer of the petition for the lodge
was present, except George W. Hunter, E. T. Wells,
and Abel Wheeler, and they could not be admitted
on card, not having complied with the law. The
first officers elected were William M. Babcock, N. G. ;
S. H. Mapes, V. G. ; O. N. Wilmington, Sec. ; Henry
Bell, Treas.
The lodge has a membership of forty-three, and
meets in Voorhis' Hall, in Lawrence, every Saturday
evening. The following officers were elected in June,
1883 : M. C. Dawson, N. G. ; W. F. Landis, V. G. ;
W. H. Cruchfield, Sec. ; Ezra Hamilton, Treas.
Lawrence Lodge, No. 358, Knights of Honor, was
instituted in Newhouse's Hall on Sept. 30, 1876, by
George Hardin, of New Augusta, Deputy Grand
Dictator, with the following charter members, viz. :
John Meldrum, Joseph W. Church, Joseph Meldrum,
William S. Newhouse, William H. Wheeler, Thomas
B. Speece, Millard F. Church, George Newhouse,
Christian Lout, James W. Jenkins, and A. J. New-
house. There were other petitioners, but they did
not become members. The first trustees were A
J. Newhouse, George Newhouse, and Christ. F.
Lout. The first officers were Christ. F. Lout, D.
Millard F. Church7v. D. ; John Meldrum, A. D.
George Newhouse, Treas. ; Thomas B. Speece, Rep.
J. W. Church, Fin. Rep. ; Joseph Meldrum, G.
James W. Jenkins, Guard. ; William S. Newhouse,
Sent.
The lodge meets every Wednesday evening, in
Voorhis' Hall, in Lawrence, and has thirty-five con-
tributing members. Thomas M. Elliott, M. Black,
and Paul Klepler are the trustees, and the following
o£Bcers were elected at the last election, to serve one
year, viz. : J. J. Marshall, D. ; John Tharp, V. D. ;
H. B. Fisher, A. D. ; William White, Treas. ; Thomas
M. Elliott, Rep. ; M. F. Church, Fin. Rep. ; John
Meldrum, G. ; James W. Jenkins, Guard.; B. F.
Marshall, Sent.
Indian Creek Grange, No. 828, P. of H., was
chartered Dec. 27, 1873, and instituted the same
day, by Abner J. Pope, with the following charter
members, viz. : Charles J. Negley, M. ; Lewis Hossan
Jans, 0. ; Stephen P. Riley, L. ; Andrew M. Hufi",
S. ; John J. Snyder, A. S. ; Pressly Silvey, Chap. ;
Joseph N. Day, Treas. ; Solomon Klepfer, Sec. ; A.
J. Springer, G. K. ; Caroline Negley, C. ; Nancy
Smith, P. ; Lizzie Riley, F. ; Margaret Snyder, A.
S. Also Taylor Corey, John J. Sharp, John W.
Kimberlain, and George W. Applegate.
The grange was in a flourishing condition at one
time, with a membership of one hundred and eighty-
four. The number of contributing members June,
1883, was about thirty.
Lawrence Grange was organized in No. 7 school-
house, Germantown Grange was instituted at Ger-
mantown, and Castleton Grange was instituted at
Castleton, during the great grange movement of
LAWKENCE TOWNSHIP.
567
1874. These granges all flourished for a while, but
in a short time they ceased to exist. Germantown
Grange and Lawrence Grange were consolidated with
Indian Creek Grange, No. 828. Castleton Grange
became defunct after a short life. The present offi-
cers of Indian Creek Grange are Stephen P. Riley,
M. ; Simon Klepfer, Treas. : Charles J. Negley, Sec.
The grange meets in the hall of the grange building
in Oakland, on the first and third Saturday evenings
of each month.
Highland Grange, No. 1182, P. of H., was organ-
ized Dec. 7, 1883, by J. J. W. Billingley, deputy.
There were thirty petitioners and charter members,
and the grange began its existence with seventy
members. The first officers were Samuel Cory,
M. ; Israel Pressly, 0. ; L. Y. Newhouse, L. ; Joseph
E. Boswell, S. ; Henry A. Newhouse, A. S. ; John
Mowry, Chapl. ; Benjamin Tyner, Treas. ; William
B. Flick, Sec; Robert W. Cory, G. K. ; Hanna
Pr&ssly, C. ; E. J. Newhouse, P. ; Nancy Miller, F. ;
Laura Cory, A. S. Samuel Cory served as Master
until the grange became dormant. The grange
ceased to work in the year 188] , because of the non-
attendance of the members, numbering at the time
only twenty-one. The grange can resume the work
at any time, and probably will be resuscitated some
time in the future.
The Lawrence Guards, of Indiana Legion, were
enrolled and mustered during the late Rebellion, and
held in readiness for several years for active service
in the event they should be needed. At one time
there were one hundred and six members of the com-
pany. They were fully equipped, and provided with
Austrian rifles. The company drilled every Satur-
day, and often engaged in battalion drill. The com-
pany was in camp three days at Acton, this county.
O. W. Voorhis was the captain, James H. Thomas
first lieutenant, and Robert Johnson second lieu-
tenant.
The Lawrence Township Horse Company was first
organized in the fall of 1845, in the Third Baptist
Church of Jesus Christ, on Fall Creek. The object
of the organization was " the detection and appre-
hension of horse-thieves and other felons." The
following persons became members at the organiza-
tion, viz. : Smith Bates, Madison Webb, Elisha
Reddick, Joshua Reddick, and Moses McClaren.
The first officers were elected at a subsequent meet-
ing, when Madison Webb was made president and
Allen Vanlaningham was selected as captain. After
the adoption of the new State Constitution, in 1852,
the company was reorganized in conformity to the new
State laws enacted. The second charter expired in
the year 1862, and on the 26th day of July of that
year the company was reorganized. The fourth
charter was obtained upon the expiration of the
third, but for some reason the articles of incorporation
were not properly filed and recorded, hence, as soon
as the error was discovered, the companj' again reor-
ganized. On the last Saturday in February, in the
year 1879, the company was last chartered for a term
of ten years under an act of the General Assembly of
the State of Indiana, approved Dec. 21, 1865, and
the Board of County Commissioners at their Febru-
ary term, 1879, granted thirty-two members of said
company " all the power of constables." The follow-
ing officers were elected for one year on Oct. 27,
1883, viz. : Hezekiah Smart, president ; Oliver W.
Voorhis, secretary ; Jonah F. Lemon, treasurer ;
William Apple, captain ; Solomon Klepfer, Ist lieu-
tenant; George F. Merryman, 2d lieutenant; George
W. Bolander, 3d lieutenant ; J. H. Herrin, door-
keeper.
The company is in a flourishing condition, with a
membership of seventy-seven. A large surplus re-
mains in the treasury, and no property has been
stolen from its members for some time, and every
horse stolen since its organization, in 1845, has been
recovered. The organization has been instrumental
in sending a number of thieves to the State's prison,
and it has recovered a large amount of stolen prop-
erty. Its regular meetings arc held on the last
Saturday in the months of January, April, July, and
October of each year, at school-house No. 8, known
as Spring Valley.
The Lawrence District Fair Association originated
in Highland Grange, No. 1182, Samuel Cory, Worthy
Master; W. B. Flick, secretary. After discussing
the matter, arrangements were made, and the first
exhibition, small, but interesting and successful, was
568
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
held at Highland school-house Oct. 1, 1877. There
were about three hundred entries, horses, cattle, farm
products, women's work, etc. No cash premiums
were given, but certificates of excellence only. Mr.
Kingsbury, of the Indiana farmers, delivered an ad-
dress, " Beautify the Home," and about two hundred
persons were in attendance.
In the fall of 1878 a corn show was held, and
proved to be a good exhibition, but not very well
attended. In 1880 a joint-stock company, named
the Lawrence Township Agricultural Association,
was formed, with 0. W. Voorhis as president, and
W. B. Flick, secretary. The fir.st exhibition was
held at Minnewan Springs, the beautiful grounds of
Hezekiah Smart. No premiums were paid, and no
admission fee charged. The show was good, and the
attendance large. The whole exhibition was a sub-
stantial success. Dr. R. T. Brown made a good practi-
cal address. The encouragement received now deter-
mined the association to procure grounds of their own,
improve them, and arrange for annual exhibitions to
which people might come for pleasant reunion, to com-
pare products and ideas, criticise, and profit by the re-
sult. The use of a beautiful grove and lands adjoining
Lawrence was generously donated by President Voor-
his, which was tastefully improved at an expenditure
of fifteen hundred dollars by the association. Owing
to the sickness of the superintendent, work was not
begun in time, but by working hands night and day,
and a cheerful energy upon the part of all concerned,
the work took shape for the fair held Sept. 22, 23,
and 24, 1881. The entries numbered eight hundred,
and the attendance about twenty-five hundred. Re-
ceipts did not equal expenditures, but the association,
with commendable honor, resolved to pay all premi-
ums in full.
The second exhibition, held Sept. 12, 13, 14, 15,
and 16, 1882, proved to be a grand success, better
than any one expected. The attendance on Thurs-
day was over four thousand, the number of entries
exceeded eighteen hundred, and in quality, beauty,
and excellence the exhibition is seldom excelled. In
vegetable and farm crops the display was immense
and excellent. The show of stock, though not so
large, was as good as the best. Again the premiums
were paid in full. The association resolved to carry
a debt rather than discount the premiums. The im-
provements made this year were good ones, and cost
nearly eighteen hundred dollars. It having been
ascertained that the State Board of Agriculture
would not recognize the association under the pre-
vious name, this was changed to the Lawrence Dis-
trict Fair Association.
The third exhibition was held Sept. 11 to 15,
1883, inclusive, and was the most successful one
ever held, the entries being one-third more than
at any previous one, and the attendance one-third
greater than upon any former occasion in the history
of the association. The as.sociation paid nine hun-
dred dollars in premiums, and expended thirteen
hundred and forty-one dollars in improvements,
such as enlarging Agricultural Hall, straightening,
widening, and otherwise improving the track, erect-
ing additional stalls, pens, etc. The receipts from
all sources amounted to about twelve hundred dollars.
Again the receipts fell short of the expenditures, but
the premiums were paid in full.
Aims of the association : 1st. To hold an annual
fair at the cheapest possible rate, so the masses may
receive the benefits ; 2d. To make this annual gath-
ering second to none in the State.
To accomplish this they propose to spend every
dollar they receive over and above expenses in beau-
tifying the grounds, in comfortable improvements for
man and beast, and paying premiums. In another
year the association will probably have forty acres of
their own, which will give more room for improve-
ments.
This, briefly, is a history of its rise and progress.
President Voorhis has been prompt in helping the
objects of the association, while Secretary Flick has
been not only tireless in his efibrts, but has shown
rare and excellent judgment in the discharge of his
difiScult and sometimes thankless duties.
The following are the officers of the association for
1883: 0. W. Voorhis, president, Lawrence, lud. ;
John W. Apple, vice-president, Oaklandon, Ind. ;
Levi Bolander, treasurer, Oaklandon, Ind. ; James
H. Thomas, general superintendent, Lawrence, lud. ;
William B. Flick, secretai'y, Lawrence, Ind.
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
569
Schools.— Lawrence township has turned out many
excellent school-teachers ; it has the best public-school
buildings, and it is one of the most enterprisiug in
all matters pertaining to schools, of all the town-
ships in the county. The first school in the town-
ship was taught by a man named Edmison, from
Chillicothe, Ohio, in Elisha Reddick's cabin in the
year 1828. The teacher took the measles and spread
consternation among the few scholars, and thus the
school was brought to a sudden termination. The
first school building erected was in the year 1830,
upon the northwest corner of the Eddie Newhouse
land, now owned by James W. Jenkins. The first
school taught there was a subscription school, and
was taught by an old man named Lamb. The boys
barred him out on Christmas day and asked for a
treat. The demand was acceded to and a gallon of
whiskey purchased. The boys drank of it quite freely,
and many of them became intoxicated. The patrons
held a meeting and discharged Mr. Lamb. Subse-
quently log school-houses were erected at various
points, notably on the east side of the land now owned
by William B. Flick ; on the northwest corner of the
farm known as the Smay land ; on the northeast
corner of Robert White's farm, and it was afterwards
moved on to the southwest corner of the eighty-acre
tract of land now owned by Mrs. Mary Ann Negley ;
on Cornelius Wadsworth's land ; on the Bragdon
farm, east of where Lawrence now is ; one near
where each of Nos. 4, 5, and 8 school-houses now
stand. School was taught at intervals for four years
in a vacant house upon the farm now owned by John
Johnson, south of Castleton. In the year 1834
William Hendrick taught school in a small round-
log cabin on Indian Creek, near Williams' mill.
Spelling-school was held there quite often, and the
boys had to carry brush to throw upon the fire in
the fireplace in order to light the house. John
Thomas taught the first school in the house on the
Bragdon land in the year 1831. He taught three
terms. Cyrus Smith taught the first school held in
the house on Robert White's land. In the year
1835, Travis Silvey taught the first school held in
the log hou.se near where No. 8 school-house now
stands. For many years after the settlement of the
37
township the schools were few and the terms of
short duration, while a majority of the teachers
were of an illiterate class. Many of the scholars
were obliged to travel long distances through the
brush and over swamps, often being obliged to " coon"
logs for great distances.
The first public school-house was built of hewed
logs, on the land then owned by John Bolander, and
stood very near the spot upon which the new brick
(No. 7) school-house now stands. Daniel Speece, if
not the first, was one of the first persons who taught
there. After the organization of the Congressional
township system the schools were placed upon a
solid and permanent basis, and their good efiects
began to be realized. The township system was
adopted in 1853, and immediately thereafter the
township was supplied with ten schools, and about
three years thereafter with ten frame public school
buildings, and the township ever since has had an
excellent corps of teachers. The first teachers after
the adoption of the township system were : School
No. 1, Aquilla McCord ; No. 2, Henry Cronk; No.
3, Nelson Hoss ; No. 4, John Cory ; No. 5, George
Speece ; No. 6, Cyrus Smith ; No. 7, James Mc-
Kean ; No. 8, Gilbert Ross ; No. 9, William Young ;
No. 10, Nelson Hoss.
The term lasted sixty-five days, and they were
paid as wages seventy-five dollars each. Cyrus Smith
taught No. 6 in the Universalist Church at Oakland,
and the trustees of the church were allowed nine
dollars for the use of the building.
On April 29, 1853, the township trustees called
" a special meeting of the voters of the township at
usual places of holding elections on Saturday, the
28th day of May next, for the purpose of deter-
mining whether they will submit to a tax for build-
ing, removing, furnishing, and purchasing sites for
school-houses of said township." The result of the
election was : For tax, seventy-three ; no tax, forty-
four. The trustees then levied fifty cents on each
poll, and thirty cents on each one hundred dollars of
taxable property, and built a new frame school-house
that year, and afterwards about four houses per year
until the township was fully supplied with new
houses. The estimated cost of eight school-houses
570
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
was thirty-two hundred dollars, and it was ordered
by the trustees that sixteen hundred dollars be
raised in the year 1853 and sixteen hundred dollars
in the year 1854. On June 21, 1853, the township
trustees, Abraham Sellers, Samuel Cory, and Moses
Craig, " Ordered, that the school districts now ex-
pending the school funds which was in their hands
unexpended on the first Monday in April, 1853, be
permitted to expend the same for tuition."
There are now twelve school districts in the town-
ship, distributed at convenient points. Districts Nos.
1, 2, 4, 7, 8, and 10 are supplied with commodious
brick buildings, each containing thirty-eight thousand
brick. District No. 3 has a two-story brick edifice,
finished in modern style, and district school-house
No. 9 is a beautiful two-story frame structure. Dis-
trict No. 6 has two frame houses, and the school is a
graded one. The remaining districts have substan-
tial frame buildings. The following is from the
teachers' reports to the trustee for the term of 1882
and 1883, viz.: Whole number enrolled, 626 ; males,
341; females, 285; average daily attendance, 413
number studying orthography, 578 ; reading, 625
writing, 605 ; arithmetic, 570 ; geography, 339
grammar, 367; history, 75; physiology, 125.
The trustee made the following school levy for
1883 : Tuition school, seven cents on the one hun-
dred dollars; special school, three cents on the one
hundred dollars.
The school term now lasts six months, and the fol-
lowing are the teachers for the winter of 1883 and
1884, viz.: No. 1, Samuel Beaver; No. 2, A. E.
Bragdon ; No. 3, Principal, Marion Bell ; No. 3,
Primary, Annie Herrin ; No. 4, 0. H. Tibbott ; No.
5, James Watson ; No. 6, Principal, William F. Lan-
dis; No. 6, Primary, Lou Abbott; No. 7, A. A.
Johnson; No. 8, F. A. Whitesides; No. 9, Prin-
cipal, Samuel Bolander ; No. 9, Primary, Jennie O.
Hensley; No. 10, Edward White; No. 11, Charles
Bolander; No. 12, Belle Conkle. They are paid
from $2.25 to S2.50 per day.
The township library contains about eight hun-
dred volumes, some of them valuable works. They
are about equally distributed at the following con-
venient points, are in first-class condition, and in
charge of the persons named: Castleton, Mrs. An-
derson ; Lawrence, Grace Mapes ; Oakland, Dr. A.
F. Cory.
Churches. — The first preaching held in the town-
ship after its settlement was in the year 1825, on the
farm entered by William Reddick for his son Joshua,
and in his cabin, situated northwest of the mouth of
Mud Creek. Preaching was held there nearly seven
years. The first sermon was delivered by a young
man named Miller.
There are now ten church buildings in the town-
ship, under control of five diflFerent denominations, as
follows, viz. : Five Methodist Episcopal, two Evangel-
ical Lutheran, one Christian Church, one Baptist
Church, and one Universalist Church.
Oakland Methodist Episcopal Church was organ-
ized in 1852, with a membership of twenty-four.
The meetings were held two years in an old log
cabin, one half-mile east of Oakland, on the Combs
farm. Rev. Manwell and Rev. Gillum were the first
preachers. The present church building was erected
in the summer of 1854. James Hines, Jr., was
accidentally killed in May of that year, while en-
gaged in adjusting one of the timbers of the cupola.
The church was dedicated in 1855. Rev. M. Gillum
was the first circuit preacher in the new building,
and James W. Hervey, Henry Whittiker, and Foun-
tain Kimberlain were the first trustees. The present
trustees are John Mock and Ephraim Thomas. J.
S. Ruggles is the circuit preacher. The church is
on the Castleton Circuit. Paul Klepfer is the stew-
ard and class-leader. This society was at one time in
a flourishing condition, but not so now. Present
membership, twenty-five.
Lawrence Methodist Episcopal Church was organ-
ized by Rev. Trusler, from Virginia, at the residence J
J ' o ' j
of Benjamin Newhou.se, one and one-fourth miles j
west of where the town of Lawrence now is, about
the year 1838, with the following members, viz. :
Benjamin Newhouse and Mahala, his wife, Henry
Newhouse and Elizabeth, his wife, and Edmund New-
house and Sallie, his wife.
lawrencp: township.
571
Preaching was held at BeDJamio Newhouse's sev-
eral years, and afterwards at Henry Newhouse's resi-
dence. About the year 1848 the class built a hewed
log house on the farm of Henry Newhouse, three-
fourths of a mile west of Lawrence, Mr. Newhouse
donating land for the site. This church was called
Concord, and was used and occupied by the class as a
place of worship for twelve years. Concord was then
abandoned as a preaching-point, and the ground con-
veyed back to Henry Newhouse. The society then
went to the present frame church in the town of Law-
rence, which was erected in the year 1860, the ground
for the site and one hundred and fifty dollars in^oney
being donated to the society by Henry Newhouse.
The frame church was dedicated in 1860. Frank
Hardin delivered the dedicatory sermon. The first
trustees of the new church property were Amos
Anderson, James Beard, and James Wheeler. The
trustees of the property at the present time are
Matthew C. Dawson, John Smith, and Franklin
Joseph Johnson. The stewards are John Smith
and Matthew C. Dawson. The present membership
is seventy-five. The following ministers preached
regularly at Concord, viz. : Frank Hardin, Bernhart,
Johnson, Martin, Manwell, Greenmund, and Burt.
The church is now on the Castleton Circuit, and
Rev. J. S. Ruggles is the minister. The society is a
strong one and in a good condition financially.
Spring Valley Methodist Episcopal Church was or-
ganized as a cla.ss in Hilary Silvey's cabin, near the
centre of the township, in the year 1832, with about
eighteen members. The first regular preacher was
Rev. Ellsberry, the second Rev. Igoe, and the third
Rev. Sullivan. Services were held there for five
years, and then from house to house until a preach-
ing point was established at Spring Valley. A Sab-
bath-school was organized in district (log) school-
house by Abraham Vines, under the auspices of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, in the spring of 1852,
and carried on successfully for two years. In about
1854 a preaching-point was established there, and
the place called Vines' School- House. Preaching
and Sabbath-school were held there until the com-
pletion of the present frame building. In 1859,
Abraham Vines, John Stires, and other moral men
concluded to erect a frame building, thirty by forty
feet, and soon succeeded in raising enough money to
do so. The building was built in the years 1860
and 1861, near No. 8 school-house. J. H. Thomas
did the carpenter-work, John C. Thomas was the
plasterer, and Isaac N. Thomas the painter. The
buillding was dedicated in 1865, the Rev. John V.
R. Miller, the then presiding elder, delivering the
dedicatory sermon. At that time Rev. J. C. White
was the circuit preacher. The first trustees were
Joshua Huston, Thomas P. Silvey, and J. H. Thomas.
In 1837 the church had thirty-two members. The
following pastors followed Rev. J. C. White, who
was on the circuit two years, viz. : Michael Black, 1
year ; William Nichols, 2 years ; Samuel Pinkerton,
2 years ; Richard Osburn, 1 year ; W. S. Falken-
berg, 1 year ; L. Havens, 1 year ; Alexander Jami-
son, 2 years. The present minister is J. S. Ruggles.
The church is attached to the Castleton Circuit.
The present trustees are Hezekiah Smart, Pressly
Silvey, George G. Johnson, John W. Russell, and
William T. Johnson. Martha Speece is the only
person remaining with the class who became a mem-
ber in 1832.
Hopewell Methodist Episcopal Church edifice is
situated on the west bank of Mud Creek, about one
and one-half miles south of the Hamilton County
line. It was built about 1850, by J. N. McCoy,
Jacob Hoss, John Tate, Hiram Simons, Alexander
McClaren, and others, who banded together for the
purpose. John Burt was the first preacher, and
Richard Hairgrave the first presiding elder. The
church began with a membership of fourteen. The
ground for the church site was donated by Jacob
Hoss, and a cemetery surrounds the building. The
church was abandoned as a preaching-point in 1878,
but is kept in moderate repair and used upon occa-
sions such as funerals or special preaching. The first
trustees were Jacob Hoss, James N. McCoy, and
David Fee. The present trustees are Henry Cronk,
James N. McCoy, and C. B. Wadsworth. The
church belongs to the Castleton Circuit. Alexander
Jamison was the last pastor.
X
572
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Castleton Methodist Episcopal Church was organ-
ized with fifteen members about 1843, by James T.
Wright. Its meetings were held at the residences of
James T. Wright, William Orpurd, Milford H. Vert,
and others ; also, in an old log school-house in the
north part of Vertland, just west of the railroad, and
in Milford H. Vert's warehouse, for twenty years.
After which their meetings were held for twelve years
in the new frame school-house. The present brick
edifice was built through the instrumentality of Rev.
James H. Stallard. It was completed in the year
1874, but was not occupied as a place of worship
until the year 1876. The trustees of the church in
their report to tlie Quarterly Conference, Aug. IG,
1882, represented the title as being good, and placed
the value of the property at three thousand five hun-
dred dollars. James T. Wright, the founder of the
church, was its first minister and for several years
its sole pastor. Thomas Jones was the first preacher
in the new brick. The church was dedicated in the
summer of 1880, during the pastorate of Harvey
Harris. The dedicatory sermon was delivered by J.
K. Pye, the presiding elder. The present minister
is J. S. Ruggles. The present membership is about
sixty. The stewards are John J. Johnson, Henry
Cronk, and C. B. Wadsworth. The trustees are as
follows, viz. : Wilson Whitesell, John J. Johnson,
Samuel T. Hague, Robert Johnson, John E. Myles,
Robert E. Smith, James I. Rooker, William F. Wads-
worth, and Andrew Smith. Prior to the building of
the new church building the following circuit preach-
ers were the most prominent : George Havens (3
years), John Burt (3 years). Wade Posey (2 years),
R. D. Spellman, J. C. White, D. C. Benjamin, Sam-
uel Longdon, and James H. Stallard.
The following have been the pastors of this church
since the completion of the new building, viz. : Revs.
Thomas Jones, Thornton, Alexander Jami-
son, Austin Reek, Harvey Harris, and William M.
Grubbs.
Camp-meeting was held under the direction of
Rev. Alexander Jamison in the vicinity of Castleton,
in July, 1878, and again in 1879 and 1880, lasting
each year for several days. The church is in a pros-
perous condition, having passed safely through a
great financial strain, and its future prospects for
accomplishing much good are very flattering.
The parsonage of the Castleton Circuit of the
Methodist Episcopal Church is located at Vertland,
and adjoins tlie Castleton Church building. The
parsonage is under the control of the following trus-
tees appointed by the Quarterly Conference: Wilson
Whitesell, John J. Johnson, Andrew Smith, and
Henry Cronk.
Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church was
organized as a class at the residence of Jeremiah
Plummer, on Indian Creek, about the year 1835, and
a circuit-rider preached there regularly every four
weeks for two or three years. The hewed-log school-
house on John Bolander's land was then used for five
or six years. About the year 1842 a hewed-log
church was built by the moral men of the neighbor-
hood on the northeast corner of the eighty-acre tract
of land now owned by Jolin Smith. John Shenkle
donated an acre of land for the site of the church.
The first trustees of the property were George Plum-
mer, William Lakin, and John Obrian. It was the
first church building erected in the township, and
was commonly called the Plummer Church. The so-
ciety numbered about fifty at the time the church
was built. William Lakin, James H. Murphy, Ben-
jamin Chapman, Juhn Obrian, Ephraim Thomas,
George N. Plummer, Jeremiah Plummer, and John
Shenkle were the prominent members, and took an
active interest in the building of the church. John
B. Burt, Charles Morrow, et al., were the ministers of
the church prior to the erection of the church build-
ing. George W. Bowers was the first preacher in
the log church. Following him, the most prominent
were Allen Beasley, L. M. Hancock, William C.
Smith, Crouch, and Eli Rummel. The mem-
bership dwindled down to a few, the building became
unfit for occupancy, and the class was unable to build
a new one; consequently about 1857 meetings ceased
to be held there, and the class disbanded. The build-
ing was left standing until the year 1867, when the
crumbling structure was torn down and removed from
the premises. The old site has long been used as a
cemetery, and is known as the " Plummer grave-
yard."
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
573
The Pleasant View United Brethren Church was
organized many years ago, and held its meetings at
the cabin of William Hendricks, on Fall Creek, for
several years. A hewed-log church was raised about
the year 1845 on the east bank of Fall Creek, on a
high hill called Mount Holy, near the Emery Ford,
and used as a meeting-house nearly thirty years. The
class disbanded years ago. The first preacher in the
church was the Rev. Richardson. Amos Hanway
was one of the most prominent ministers of the
church. William Hendricks and Charles Emery
were two of the first trustees. The house was built
upon the farm of William Hendricks, now owned by
Richard Johnson. The house has decayed so that it
is in a condition to fall at any time.
The Salem Lutheran Church was organized at the
residence of Abraham Sellers several years prior to
1848. During that year a hewed-log church was
built upon an acre of ground donated as a site for the
church by Joseph Swarm. It was built by donations
from men of moral influence, and is situated on the
Fall Creek and Mud Creek gravel road, about one-
half mile south of school-house No. 2. The church
was dedicated one year after its completion, John A.
Myers delivering the dedicatory sermon. Hugh
Wells was the minister in charge at the time of the
dedication. The present minister is Obadiah Brown.
The first trustees were Joseph Swarm, Abraham
Sellers, and Arthur Clawson.
The Upper Ebenezer Lutheran Church originated
in 1824, in the old Ebenezer Lutheran Church of
Washington township, which will be found fully
mentioned in the history of that township. An ac-
count is there given of the division of that church
and the sale of the church building in February,
1868. In consequence of the sale of the church
building, about sixty persons were left without a
house in which to worship. They resolved to build
a new frame church after the modern style, and ap-
pointed John Mowry, J. G. Marshal, and John C.
Hoss as a building committee, and selected John
Negley as a suitable person to raise the funds. In
due time the necessary money was secured, and the
building erected in the year 1868 upon seventy-two
square rods of ground donated to the church society
by Hezekiah Ringer out of the southwest corner of
his farm in Lawrence township. The church build-
ing was dedicated in 1868 immediately upon its com-
pletion. The dedicatory sermon was delivered by
Rev. Samuel Sprecher, D.D., of Springfield, Ohio,
the then president of Wittenburg College. The Rev.
Jacob Keller, the pastor at the time of the separation
of the church, went with the upper settlement and
continued their pastor two years, until 1870. The
old book of the original organization was kept by the
congregation of the upper settlement. The congre-
gation at present numbers forty-one active members.
The pastors since 1868 have been as follows: Jacob
Keller, 2 years ; E. Fair, 1 year ; J. Boone, 2 years ;
Wm. H. Keller, 5 years ; and Obadiah Brown, 1 year.
The last named is the present minister. Harrison
Ringer and George Mowry are the elders, and Elijah
Mowry and George W. Pressly are the deacons.
There was no reorganization of this body after the
division in the church ; it was by the terms stipu-
lated in the articles of agreement a continuation of
the original body.
The Oakland Christian Church was organized May
1, 1866, with a membership of one hundred and
thirty-eight, and occupied the Universalist Church
building one year thereafter. In 1868 the class
erected the present frame building, and dedicated it
the same year. Rev. David Franklin, of Madison
County, Ind., delivered the dedicatory sermon.
Christopher Apple took the most active part in the
- biiilding of the church. He contributed all the
material that went into the building and three hun-
dred dollars in money. The first preacher was W.
V. Trowbridge, and the first trustees were Chris-
topher Apple, Sylvester Vanlaninghani, and Daniel
Jordan. Newton Wilson, of Irvington, is the min-
ister at present, and John W. Apple and Henry
Apple are the trustees. The church has fifty-eight
active members. Sabbath-school has been held every
Sunday during the past fifteen years, a most remark-
able incident for a country church.
The Lawrence Baptist Church. The Baptists in
the southwestern portion of the township held their
meetings for a few years at the residences of various
per.sons of that religious faith, notably at Milton
574
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Woolen's cabin, Parsley's cabin, and George G. F.
Boswell's cabin. It was at the cabin of George
G. F. Boswell, on the third Friday in May, 1848,
that these people formed an organization and consti-
tuted themselves the Lawrence Township Baptist
Church. About that time the congregation built a
frame meeting-house on the farm of Milton Woolen,
one and one-half miles due west of the town of Law-
rence. Milton Woolen, the founder of the church,
donated the ground for the site and obtained the
pastors. The following persons were very enthusi-
astic in the building of the church : Milton Woolen,
George G. F. Boswell, Wilson Hartsock, Moses
Winters, and Moses Dunn. The following were the
ministers in the frame church, viz. : John S. Gilles-
pie, Michael White, Madison Hume, Stewart,
and Josiah H. Razor. About the year 1860 the
congregation abandoned the church on the Woolen
land and went to the town of Lawrence, and for sev-
eral years thereafter held their meetings in the school-
house. A portion of the time they were without a
meeting-place and without a pastor. In the year
1872 the present brick edifice was erected in Robin-
son & Co.'s addition to Lawrence, and on the oppo-
site side of the Pendleton road from old Lanesville.
When the congregation occupied the new brick it
had but five members that belonged to the church
when its meetings were held in the old frame on the
Woolen farm. The new brick was dedicated in the
year 1875, the Rev. John S. Gillespie preaching
the dedicatory sermon. The Rev. R. N. Harvey has
been the pastor for eight years, and is in charge at
the present time.
The Third Regular Baptist Church of Jesus
Christ, on Fall Creek, was organized on Saturday,
July 28, 1838, when the following delegates from the
churches named met in council at the residence of
Madison Webb, on the "correction line," one-fourth
of a mile west of Fall Creek, and constituted them-
selves a regular Baptist Church, viz. : T. Woolen,
from Indianapolis ; Elder Madison Hume, Thomas
Oliphant, and David Stoops, from Crooked Creek ;
Harris Tyner, John Griffis, and John Perry, from
Pleasant Run, and adopted articles of faith and a
constitution, and the following persons declared mem-
bers of a legally constituted regular Baptist Church,
viz. : John Gillman and Mary, his wife, Madison
Webb, Elijah Webb, Nancy Morrison, and Elizabeth
Hardin. Madison Hume was chosen moderator at
the organization, and served in that capacity for
eight years and six months, and Madison Webb was
selected at the same time as clerk, and served for
seventeen years, until his death. John Gillman was
the first deacon. The church held regular services
once per month, as follows: from July, 1838, to
August, 1842, and from September, 1843, to April,
1857, on the third Saturday in each month ; from
August, 1842, to September, 1843, on the fourth
Saturday in each month ; and from April, 1857, to
the disorganization, on the first Saturday in each
month.
The church held its meetings at the residences of
many of its members, but principally at Madison
Webb's, until 1844, when the congregation built a
hewedlog house, costing one hundred and sixty-nine
dollars and seventy-three cents. It was erected on
top of the Johnson Hill, on the land now owned by
John E. Myles, and the members of the church wor-
shiped there until the dissolution of the church in
1859. Madison Webb and Jesse Herrin contributed
sixty-seven dollars and twenty-four dollars respectively ;
said sums being more than one-half of the building
funds. Madison Webb, Jesse Herrin, and Robert
Stoops were the first trustees. The membership of
the church increased rapidly from the first organiza-
tion. At one time there were ninety names on the
roll.
In July, 1842, the church connected themselves
with the Indianapolis General Association. From
June, 1851, till May, 1853, the church was without a
pastor. However, W. M. Davis, of Bloomington,
and John Jones, of Stilesville, preached twice each.
The following is a list of the pastors of the church
from date of organization, with time of service : Mad-
ison Hume, 8i years; E. B. Smith, 2 years; Michael
White, 2 years; J. S. Gillespie, 2 years; H. Keeler,
1 year; D. S. Cothren, 1 year; E. B. Tomlinson, 1
year ; and R. Vickers, 1 year.
On the first Saturday in October, 1859, the church
was dissolved by a unanimous vote of the members.
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
575
giving as their reason that the church was scattered
and discouraged, and unable " to have preaching and
keep up necessary expenses." Letters of dismissal
were granted to those who wished them, and it was
resolved that when the house ceased to be used for a
good purpose that it, together with the furniture, be
sold, and the proceeds divided equally between those
accepting letters of dismissal. On Saturday, March
30, 1861, the meeting house and contents was sold by
the trustees. Afterwards the house was rented and
occupied as a dwelling-house, and finally became a
rendezvous for disreputable characters of both sexes.
They were notified by a gathering of more than one
hundred persons to vacate the premises, and refusing
to do so, the citizens met at night, stoned the building,
smashed in the windows, and battered down the door.
They still refused to leave, so one dark night about
1861 some unknown person set fire to the building,
and it was totally destroyed.
The Oakland Universalist Church was organized
in 1850, with twenty-five members. A frame
church was built the same year, and during the
summer of 1875 the present brick structure was
erected. The present membership is about one hun-
dred. The following have been regular pastors since
the organization : Longley, 1 year ; Oyler,
1 year; W. W. Curry, 2 years; Babcock, 1
year ; Mitchell, 8 or 9 years ; B. F. Foster, 1
year; Adams, 1 year; William Chaplain, 1
year ; Cronley, 1 year ; Adams, 1 year.
The following itinerant preachers have preached at
the church at divers times, viz., Revs. Kidwell and
J. D. Williamson. The church is without a regu-
lar pastor much of the time. The first trustees were
Charles McConnell, J. N. Reddick, and Mc-
Cord.
This denomination has the finest and best church
building, the largest membership, and is in the most
flourishing condition in every particular of any in
the township.
The first Universalist society was formed in the
township about the year 18IJ8.
Aged People of the Township. — In the year
1883 the following persons over seventy years of age
resided in the township, viz. : William Horton, of
Oakland, was born in North Carolina, and is the
oldest, being 102; Lewis Griffith, 87; Edmund
Newhouse, 85 ; Solomon Bowers, 86 ; David Clare,
83 ; Jacob Kesselring, 85 ; Benjamin Newhouse, 86 ;
Jeremiah Vanlaningham, 85 ; Robert White, 82 ;
Jesse Herrin, 83; Elisha Reddick, 86; John Tate,
80 ; S. W. Crutchfield, 73 ; Daniel Fox, 70 ; Charles
Faucett, 74 ; John Hughes (colored), 73 ; George
Klepfer, 77 ; Jonah F. Lemon, 72 ; Simeon Mock,
70 ; Granville Morgan, 77 ; John Newhouse, 76 ;
William Perry, 72 ; John Plummer, 73 ; Samuel
Plummer, 78 ; John Smith, 73 ; Andrew Smith, 78 ;
William S. Thomas, 77; John T. Thomas, 78;
Clark Wait, 70.
CHAPTER XXIV.
PERRY TOWNSHIP.i
The township of Perry (so named in honor of
Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry) is the central one
of the southern tier of townships of Marion County,
being bounded on the west by Decatur township, on
the north by Centre, on the east by Franklin town-
ship, and on the south by Johnson County. The
principal stream (and the only one of any importance)
in the township is White River, which flows in a
general south-southwesterly direction, and forms the
entire western boundary of this township against
that of Decatur. Several inconsiderable tributaries of
White River flow in westerly and southwesterly courses
through Perry, among them being Buck and Lick
Creeks, which have become a little more noted than
other unimportant streams of this region from the
fact that early churches were built near them and
received their names. The lands of this township
are bottom, second bottom, and uplands, the latter
in many places rising into undulations. In nearly
all parts of the township the soil is excellent, well
adapted for purposes of agriculture, and yields an
abundant return to the farmer for labor bestowed
upon it. The population of Perry township in 1880
was two thousand five hundred and ninety-eight, as
1 By Dr. William H. Wishard.
576
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
shown by the returns of the United States census
taken in that year.
Perry township was laid off and erected by order
of the cwnty commissioners of Marion County on
the 16th of April, 1822, and on the same day and
by order of the same board it was joined with Deca-
tur and Franklin, the three to be regarded tempora-
rily as one township, for the reason that none of the
three were then suflSciently populous for separate or-
ganization. This union continued till Aug. 12, 1823,
when the commissioners ordered Perry to be stricken
off and separately organized. Then Perry and Frank-
lin continued united until May 12, 1824, when the
same action was taken with regard to Franklin, thus
leaving Perry a separate and independent township.
When Perry township was laid out by the com-
missioners in 1822 its west line was a prolongation
of the present line between Centre and Wayne, thus
giving to Decatur township a large triangular strip
of land lying east of White River, and now included
in Perry. This original west line remained undis-
turbed until Jan. 7, 1833, when, upon petition of
certain citizens of Decatur township living east of
the river, the commissioners ordered " that all the
part of Decatur township lying on the east side of
White River shall be attached to and hereafter form
a part of Perry township," thus permanently estab-
lishing the river boundary.
Following is a list of township officers of Perry
township from its formation to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Peter Harmonson, June 28, 1822, to June 6, 1827.
Henry D. Bell, Jan. 3, 1824, to April 18, 1828.
Thomas Carle, April 30, 1828, to May, 1831; died.
Peyton Bristow, Nov. 3, ^829, to July 4, 1834; resigned.
Thomas McFarland, June 18, 1831, to Jan. 6, 1834; resigned.
Jacob Smock, Feb. 21, 1834, to Feb. 21, 18.39.
George Tomlinson, Oct. 18, 1834, to Oct. 18, 1839.
John Myers, April 6, 1839, to April 6, 1844.
George Tomlinson, Deo. 7, 1839, to Deo. 7, 1844.
John Myers, May 25, 1844, to May 25, 1849.
George Tomlinson, Jan. 15, 1845, to Jan. 15, 1850.
John Smith, May 25, 1849, to May 25, 1858.
Thomas C. Smock, Jan. 15, 1850, to ,Tan. 15, 1855.
Thomas J. Todd, June 2, 1854, to June 2, 1862.
William H. Boyd, Jan. 15, 1S55, to Feb. 26, 1857; resigned.
Garret List, April 28, 1857, to April 18, 1861.
Thomas N. Thomas, May 26, 1858, to 1864.
John W. Riley, June 4, 1861, to March 18, 1864; resigned.
James Gentle, June 2, 1862, to April 1, 1863; resigned.
Thomas C. Smock, April 22, 1863, to April 22, 1871.
John Myers, Nov. 14, 1864, to July 20, 1882; died.
John W. Thompson, Nov, 15, 1864; removed.
William T. Curd. April 13, 1867, to April 13, 1871.
Samuel Royster, April 13, 1871, to Feb. 27, 1872; resigned.
Joseph Henricks, June 14, 1871, to March 16, 1872; resigned.
William T. Curd, Oct. 21, 1872, to Feb. 4, 1875; died.
George Isaac Tomlinson, March 25, 1875, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Isaac N. Stackhouse, July 6, 1877, to April 9, 1878.
Samuel C. Ferguson, April 9, 1878, to April 9, 1882.
Levi A. Hardesty, Oct. 15, 1879, to Oct. 30, 1884.
TRUSTEES.
John McCollum, April 9, 1859, to April 18, 1863.
Robert M. Stewart, April 18, 1863, to Sept. 8, 1865.
James Gentle, Sept. 16, 1865, to April 18, 1868.
John E. Griffith. April 18, 1868, to June 3, 1871.
James Gentle, Juno 3, 1871, to Oct. 8, 1872.
Elbert F. Norwood, Oct. 8, 1872, to Oct. 26, 1874.
Charles Larsh, Oct. 26, 1874, to Oct. 20, 1876.
William R. Wycoff, Oct. 20, 1876, to April 10, 1880.
John S. Morford, April 10, 1880, to April 14, 1884.
ASSESSORS.
George L. Kinnard, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 7, 1828.
David Marrs, Jan. 7, 1828, to Jan. 4, 1830.
Thomas McFarland, Jan. 4, 1830. to Jan. 2, 1832.
William H. Bristow, Jan. 2, 1832, to Jan. 7, 1833.
Samuel Alexander, Jan. 7, 1833, to Jan. 6, 1834.
William H. Bristow, Jan. 6, 1834, to May 5, 1835.
George Tomlinson, May 5, 1835, to March 7, 1836.
Jonathan Barrett, March 7, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
George Tomlinson, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 1, 1838.
Thomas N. Thomas, Jan. 1, 1838, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Jonathan Barrett, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
Samuel Alexander, Jan. 6, 1840, to Jan. 4, 1841.
Thomas N. Thomas, Jan. 4, 1841, to Dec. 6, 1841.
John P. Fisher, Deo. 8, 1852, to Nov. 21, 1854.
Isaac M. Todd, Nov. 21, 1854, to Dec. 9, 1856.
James Tharp, Dec. 9, 1856, to Oct. 13, 1860.
Archibald Glenn, Oct. 13, 1860, to Nov. 4, 1862.
John P. Fisher, Nov. 4, 1862, to Nov. 19, 1870.
Marion Kelly, Nov. 19, 1870, to Nov. 20, 1872.
David M. Fisher, Nov. 20, 1872, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Samuel C. Ferguson, March 27, 1875, to Dec. 2, 1876.
John S. Morford, Dec. 2, 1876, to April 10, 1880.
Wooster D. Cleaver, April 10, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
George C. Thompson, April 14, 1882, to April 14, 1884.
In the west part of Perry township the first set-
tlers were Henry Riddle, his brother-in-law, William
Kinnick, Peter Harmonson, and his brother, who
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
577
came in November or December, 1821. They did
not enter land, being merely squatters. Riddle built
his cabin on the Vincennes trace, which led from
Indianapolis to the BlufiFs of White River. His
location was on the south side of Buck Creek, and
east of the present Bluff road. The Harmonsons
located on the west side of the trace, and on the
north side of Buck Creek. Their cabins were the
only dwellings that there were at that time between
Indianopolis and the Bluffs of the White River,
where Waverly now stands.
There were a number of other settlements made
during the year 1822. The first of these other set-
tlements was made on Pleasant Run, directly south
of Glenn's Valley, the settlers being Archibald
Glenn, John Murphy, and John Smart. The first
two located precisely on the line between Marion and
Johnson County, and Smart on the Marion side of
the line, the land belonging to Hezakiah Smart, his
brother (who had entered the land some time before),
and adjoining the land of Glenn and Murphy. This
settlement was made in October, 1822, and at about
the .same time, or a little later, there came a colored
family- and located on land which now belongs to
Archibald Glenn, it being at the crossing of Pleasant
Run and the Bluff road, south of the run and west
of the road. They were Mark Harris, a bachelor
and the owner of the land f three hundred and twenty
acres), and his brother Daniel and family, a wife and
five children. They came from Ohio, and were the
first colored family in the township, and perhaps in
the county.
John Smart was a cripple, his left arm being
lame, but he cleared between four and five acres of
ground the first winter, leaving the logs on the
ground, merely trimming off the brush, which he
burnt, and having no horse of his own, he hired
Mark Harris to lay off the ground, which Harris did
with a shovel-plow, marking it (not plowing at all)
off in furrows about four feet wide, jumping the logs.
The corn was cultivated with nothing but a hoe, and
the sacks in which it was carried to mill and the
clothing which they had were made from nettles
gathered and prepared by Mrs. Smart. Crippled as
he was. Smart in a few years became the possessor of
eighty acres of land, part of which is in the present
village of Glenn's Valley, and now occupied by his
son, Hezekiah Smart.
About a mile north of this settlement, on the six-
teenth or school section, there settled a colony, com-
ing from Dearborn County, Ind., consisting of three
or four families, — James Martin and family, his
brother-in-law, Samuel Smith, and family, Smith's
son-in-law, William Stallcop, and Stallcop's brother.
Martin did not settle permanently on tihis section,
but soon after entered eighty acres of land half a
mile north of his temporary location.
At about the same time that the above settlers
came in John Myers located on the west half of the
southwest quarter of section 9, which he and his
brother Henry, mentioned below, had entered, it
being the section just north of the school section,
and Peyton Bristow, who had been here in the sum-
mer and put up a cabin, now returned (it being in
the first part of December), and settled permanently
on what was called Bristow's Hill, six miles south
of the city, on the east of the Bluff road, which had
then just been laid out. John and Israel Watts,
with Benson Miner, from Whitewater, settled east of
Myers, in the same section, David Fisher being the
present owner of one of the farms, and Isaac Sutton
of the other. This last-named settlement was made
most probably in the spring of 1823, as were also a
number of others, all so near the same time that it is
difficult to tell their order. Among these settlers
was Zachariah Lem.xster, who settled on the hill,
known among the pioneers as Lemaster's Hill, on
the north side of Lick Creek, and east of the Bluff
road, his cabin making the fourth between the city
and Johnson County line, on this road, the first
cabin built being Henry Riddle's, the second, Har-
monson's, then Bristow's and Lemaster's, this being
also the order in which they would be passed coming
towards the city of Indianapolis.
Another settler was Martin Bush, who located on
the south side of Buck Creek, near its mouth, he
being the first settler on White River in this town-
ship. Joseph and Benjamin Snow located respec-
tively on the southeast quarter of section 34 and the
southwest quarter of section 27, in township 15,
578
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
range 3. Larkin. John, and Henry Mundy, and
their father, with their brother-in-law, Henry Myers,
and Emanuel Glimpse, and others, — among whom
were the Stevens family, — located north of the
school section, between the Bluff road and the river,
Watts and Glimpse being in the second bottom-
land, and the others were in the first. From the
north side of section 9 to Lake Creek was a section
which was afterwards known as Waterloo, and had
an unenviable reputation, a number of the.se settlers
being squatters on government lands.
Thomas Wilson was the next to settle on the Bluff
road, his cabin being first on the east side, and after-
wards on the west, the road having been so changed
as to accomplish this, his being the next cabin built
between Harmonson's and Bristow's.
Going back to the year 1822, when a settlement
was made on the north side of the township, on the
line of the present Three-Notch road, gives the
time of the arrival of Rev. Henry Brenton, with his
ward, George Tomlinson, his brother, Robert Brenton,
and Adam Pense, who, though he did not come with
the Brentons, settled there at about the same time.
Robert Brenton settled in Centre township, on land
immediately south of Pleasant Run, and extending
from the Three-Notch line to the Bluff road. Henry
Brenton first settled on land a half-mile south of the
township line and on the east side of the Three-Notch
line, but about two years afterwards he moved south
to land on the south side of Lick Creek and same
side of the road. Pense settled on the ijorth side of
the creek, just across from where Henry Brenton
afterwards located; and just across the road from
Pense. late in the fall or in the next spring (that of
1823), Samuel True settled with his son Isaac.
\ About 1825 or 1826 he put up a frame house, the
first in the township, and which is yet standing.
One half-mile south of Lick Creek, and on the
west side of the Three-Notch line, as it was called
then, was the place of location of Bowser ;
and on the same road, on the south side of Buck
Creek, was the land of David Marrs, whose cabin,
however, was on the west side of the road.
It may be interesting to give an explanation of
how this road came to be so named. In laying out
the road there were three notches cut in the trees
which marked the line of the survey, to distinguish
it from the Bluff road, on the west, and the Madison
road, on the east ; and it was also on the section line,
hence the name Three-Notch line.
Going south on this road and coming down a little
later in time, there was the settlement of the Dab-
neys, Samuel, James, and John, with their brother-
in-law, John Smith, on the west side of the road,
and the land commencing a half-mile south of the
road running from Southport to White River. Just
south of this road and on the east side of the Three-
Notch line were the cabins of Samuel True, Jr.,
and Glidden True, who were just married, and had
come out with their father, Samuel True.
We have now to go back to the spring of the year
1821, when some squatter, name unknown, located
on land on the north side of Lick Creek, and through
which the Shelbyville road now runs, being in the
northeast corner of the township. This person had
succeeded in clearing a small space and raising a small
crop of corn by September, at which time the land
and crop were purchased by John Graham. This
place and that of Henry Riddle were the two first
improvements in the township. Just across the creek
on the south side was the place of the Widow White,
who, with her two sons, Milton and Woodford, set-
tled there the following year (1822). On the oppo-
site side of the Shelbyville road from the Whites
was the farm of Jacob Coughman, who arrived the
following fall or the next spring, and just west of
them was David Small, who came thi.s year or the fall
of 1822, and southwest of him was Henry D. Bell,
who had the northeast quarter of section 143, and
who came about the same time. There was a tran-
sient squatter or two between Bell's and Abraham ^
Lemaster's, who settled about the same time, three-
fourths of a mile south of the present town of South-
port. Jacob Smock was next to settle, occupying the
farm immediately north of Southport and east of the
railroad, he and Lemaster coming probably in the
spring of 1823. This same year Peter Canine
located on the line of the present railroad and north
of Lick Creek, on the Bluff. Henry Alcorn settled
on the farm where Henry Riddle had squatted, and
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
579
had entered the place in 1821. These settlements
are all that can be positively located, both as to time
and place, who came before the year 1824. During
this year and the following there was a very consider-
able immigration, and the following settlements were
made: Samuel Brewer, on the hill, west side of Madi-
son road, north of Buck Creek, who came in 1825 ;
Noah Wright, on the east side of Madison road and
south of Lick Creek ; Simon Smock, east side of Madi-
son road, just over the line from Centre, his brother-in-
law, Lawrence De Mott, just east of him, the farms
adjoining. Immediately west of Smock, on the east
side of the Three-Notch line, were John McFall and
sons, — John, Benjamin, and David, — and just across
the road from him was George Marquis. About a
mile or a mile and a half east of Southport was a small
colony, Isaac Coonfield, with his sons, John and James,
his son-in-law, Archibald Clark, with his brother,
Obadiah Clark, and northeast of these, on the present
Churchman pike, were John Thompson and William
Huey. These are about all the permanent settlers
who came this year, 1824, but there were others
whose names are not known who stayed but a year or
so. This same thing happened every year, as there
was an almost constant moving around. This being
caused by the way the land was farmed. A man
entering land and then sending some one here to put
up a cabin, or leasing it to some one, who put up a
cabin and stayed a short time, selling the lease to some
one else, and thus a large part of the settlers were
only transient. The permanent settlers of the years
1825 and 1826 are given as near in the order of their
arrival as is known, and are as follows: David Fisher
(at whose house the Lick Creek Baptist Church was
organized), on the north side of the Churchman pike,
east side of the township ; James Turner, and his
brother Jacob, west of James, on the Shelbyville pike,
northeast of Southport; Thomas Bryant, just west
of Jacob Turner, on the south side of the Shelby-
ville pike, directly north of Southport ; John Brewer,
with his family, about half a mile east of Southport ;
Andrew Mann, on Buck Creek, south side, next to
Franklin township ; Stephen Hankins, with his family,
half a mile east of the Madison road, north side of
Lick Creek ; Bphraim Arnold, near tne Lick Creek
Church ; Archibald Bruce, immediately east of Henry
Alcorn ; Charles and Elijah McBride, with their
father, on the Bluff road, west side, three-quarters of
a mile north of Glenn's Valley : Samuel Brewer, west
side Madison road, north side of Buck Creek ; Purnell
Coverdill, two or two and a half miles northeast of
Southport ; Jeremiah Featherston and family, three-
quarters of a mile southeast of Southport ; Benjamin
McFarland, the first man who practiced medicine
that settled in the township, and his two sons, Samuel
and William, and soon after him his son-in-law,
John McCollum, near Lick Creek, east side of the
township ; Jloses Orme, on the Three-Notch line,
next to Johnson County ; Lambert Saulter, with his
two sons. Garret and Elijah, and Page Rawlings,
about one mile and a half southeast of Southport ;
Samuel Woodfield, five miles south of town, on the
east of the Bluff road ; Charles Neighbors and Scipio
Sedgwick, on adjoining land to Woodfield, Neighbors
being just west of him, and Sedgwick south of Neigh-
bors ; Thomas Richardson, one-half mile north of
Southport, on the east side of the Madison road ;
Rev. John Ritchie, east side of the Bluff road, ad-
joining the Centre township line, just west of George
Marquis ; Noah Wright, on the east side of Madison
road, south bank of Lick Creek ; William Evans, on
the south side of Lick Creek, about three-quarters of
a mile east of where the Madison road crosses ; James
Hoagland, with his sons, Richard, John, and Wil-
liam, one and a half miles southeast of Southport.
About this time William Tracy, his son-in-law,
Peggs, and his brother, John Tracy, settled one mile
west of Southport, south side of the present gravel
road. Jacob Peggs is still living at Franklin, Ind.,
about ninety years old. He served as recorder of
Johnson County two terms, and as justice of the
peace in the same county several terms, and was the
first miller at Smock's mill, spoken of elsewhere. On
the west side of the township was Silas Rhoads, who
settled just across the road from Henry Alcorn, but
he remained only a year or so, leaving in 1827, and
moving to the Wabash ; and the same year Alex-
ander Clark, after whom Clark township, Johnson
County, is named, moved in, and after remaining
about two years' moved to the northeast corner of
580
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MAEION COUNTY.
Johnson County. This completes the list of what
might be called old settlers, those at least who were
of any prominence, there being others whose names
are not known and who remained, as a rule, but a year
or so, and did not generally own the land.
About 1827, Isaac Kelly settled one half-mile
north of Lick Creek, on the east side of the Three-
Notch line ; William McClain on the north side of
the gravel road, one mile east of Southport ; Jesse
Dunn on the north side of Buck Creek, one half-
mile west of where the Three-Notch line crosses it;
Benjamin Harris (a tenant only), about a mile and a
half northwest of Southport; William Jones, who
came in 1828, and was the first Welshman, two miles
west of Southport, on the south side of the gravel
road.
The following is a list of those who were settlers,
and who either remained but a short time or whose
place of settlement is not known : Jesse Admire,
Henry Brewer, near Southport ; William Brenton,
east of Southport ; Lewis J. Brown, William H. P.
and James, sons of Peyton Bristow, Isaac and
Edward Brazelton, near the centre of the township ;
Allen Bost, Joel Boling, Richard Berry, Thomas
Carle, northeast of Southport about two miles ;
Nicholas Cline, James Carson, Henry Coughman,
Benjamin Crothers, Frederick Disinger (who was
very probably the first German to settle in the town-
ship), Abram and Peter Ellis, David Fulson, Moses
Frazee, Richard Good (the first Irishman who settled
in the township), William Hall, Jacob Hill, John
Heist, John W. Johnston, John M. Johnson, Wil-
liam and James Johnson (William living in Water-
loo), John Jackson, Thomas Lewis (one mile and a
half southwest of Southport, on the county road run-
ning east and west, the farm now owned by the widow
of Ezra Smith), Jacob and Ezariah Mosely, George
McClain, two miles west of Southport on the county
road ; William Mentieth, William and James Mc-
Laughlin, in the northeast side of the township ;
Smith McFall, Charles Orme (who was a transient
settler only), John Parker, a United Brethren minis-
ter, John Reding, Sr., Henry Rammel, John Russell
(one half-mile west of Southport, north side of Buck
Creek), Joseph Rosenbarg, Ephraim Robinson (who
stayed about a year), William Rice, Thomas Richard-
son, a half-mile north of Southport, east side of the
Madison road ; John Seiburn (at whose mother's
house the first Sunday-school in the township was
organized, one mile and a half north of Southport,
half-mile east of the Madison road), Thomas Shelton,
northwest of Southport, on the north bank of Buck
Creek ; Frederic Shultz, Isaac Senoney, Daniel Stack,
James Spillman, in the northeast part of the town-
ship ; Francis Sanders (who lived to be over ninety
years of age), one mile and a half east of Glenn's
Valley ; Robert Tomlinson, southwest of Southport,
north side of the road ; Thomas Lewis, Jacob Tumes,
John Thompson, Richard Thomas, George Wright,
one half-mile east of the present site of Centre
Church ; Primrose Yarbrough (northeast side of
township), who married the widow of James Spill-
man.
Rev. Henry Brenton came from Trimble County,
Ky., in the early part of 1822. He was a local
Methodist preacher on Sundays and a farmer during
the week ; there being constant need of his services,
as there was a meeting held either in the woods or in
the cabin of some pioneer nearly every Sunday. He
accomplished much in the field he had adopted, and
was a pioneer of the church, as, on account of his
solemn and earnest presence, he was called upon by
the settlers of Johnson and Morgan Counties, some-
times riding twenty miles to perform the marriage
ceremony or to conduct religious services, and few
that saw him but were impressed by his brevity and
earnestness. He had his own peculiarities, one of
which was that he always prayed with his eyes open,
and when remonstrated with, replied, "We are com-
manded to watch as well as pray." He probably
preached at more funerals and solemnized more mar-
riages than any other pioneer minister in the county,
for which latter service two dollars was almost invari-
ably his largest fee. He died at his home on the
Three-Notch line, in June, 1847, nearly seventy
years of age, and was buried in his brother Robert's
family cemetery, on the Bluff road where it crosses
Pleasant Run.
After his death his wife, known as Aunt Esther,
and family moVed to Iowa. Most of them are now
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
581
dead, his wife living to a great age and dying but a
few years ago, after having been blind some ten years.
He had five children, — James, now living in Iowa,
Martha, another daughter, Mary, and Thomas.
Rev. Greenup Kelly was born in Estelle County,
Ky., and licensed and ordained as a Methodist min-
ister by the Kentucky Conference. A young man of
fine promise and great zeal in his work, but his health
failing him, he came out to his father, Isaac Kelly
(who had settled here in 1827), and after suffering a
couple of years, died of consumption, and was buried
on a Sunday in December, 1830, in what is now
known as Round Hill Cemetery, then known as the
Camp Ground Graveyard, it being the place of the
first camp-meeting in the county.
The Rev. John Belzer was the only New Light
minister who ever settled in the township. His father,
and brother Phoenix, settled with him on the school
section, having purchased the lease of the Stallcops
in the fall of 1824, having a blacksmith-shop on his
farm. He organized a church of his persuasion, but
it was a rather weak one. He was a superior man
and was able beyond his opportunities, having had
but little education. He was, in fact, an excellent
man. In the fall of 1828 he removed with all his
family to Southern Indiana.
Rev. John Ritchie, a local Methodist minister,
was a Kentuckian by birth, but came from Ripley
County, this State, in the fall of 1826. He was
generally known as " Judge" Ritchie, having been
an associate judge. He was a large man, of fine
presence, and had a magnificently formed head, was
very gifted, and though hindered by lack of educa-
tion, was extraordinarily eloquent, and most forcible
in logic, which made him remarkable and honored,
both in the pulpit and on the stump, he taking part in
the campaign of 1840. In the pulpit he was most
remarkable, his appearance belying his abilities, and
when he entered the pulpit, always being dressed in
home-made jeans, gave rise to a feeling of disappoint-
ment, until he spoke, when the audience became
spell-bound, fascinated, by his eloquence and earnest-
ness, and remained so until the last word was ut-
tered. He died Aug. 24, 1841, and was buried in
what '? called the Lemaster's family burying-ground.
His children were Sally, Drusilla, Ann, Jane, James,
Samuel, Arnold, Mary, Eunice, Adaline, Lucinda,
and Lavina.
Rev. Abram Smock, a Baptist minister, came from
Kentucky in the fall of 1825, his brother John having
preceded him some four years, returning to Kentucky
for him. He organized the first Baptist Church in
the township, at the house of David Fisher, in the
spring of 1826. He was pastor of this church for a
number of years, and also of the First Baptist Church
of Indianapolis from December, 1826, to July, 1830,
organizing more Baptist churches than any other man
in the county, and was a leading minister for many
years. He was both eloquent and impressive, and
in his work zealous and fervent, but retired from the
ministry long before his day of work should have
ceased.
The Rev. Jeremiah Featherston, a pioneer Baptist
minister, came from Kentucky. He was a mission-
ary most of his time, never having a church of his
own. He was a zealous and upright man. He died
in 1865.
Rev. Monroe was a Revolutionary soldier,
and came from Pendleton County, Ky., in 1830,
with his son William, who settled in a southeasterly
direction from Southport about one and a half miles.
He lived part of the time with his son and part with
his son-in-law, Joseph Wallace. At the time of his
death, Nov. 20, 1842, he was eighty-seven years old,
and had been in the ministry for more than fifty
years, the greater portion having been spent in Ken-
tucky. He was buried in the Southport Cemetery.
Henry Riddle came from Roane County, N. C.,
and lived in the township but a little while, when he
removed to St. Joseph County, Ind., where he died
some twenty years ago. He was a true pioneer,
never allowing civilization to but just reach him,
when he retreated before it. He had but a small
family. He was very popular, and universally liked,
so much so that if there happened to be a dispute in
his neighborhood, he was always able to act as peace-
maker. The Harmonsons were old neighbors of Rid-
dle's, and came from North Carolina very probably
with him. They stayed but a few years, and then
went to the southern part of this State.
582
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Hezekiah Smart was born in Nicholas County,
Ky., where his brother John was also born. He
was married in 1824 to Margaret Hinkston, of Har-
rison County, Ky. John was married in 1815 to
Sally Earls. Hezekiah came to the township in
1823, to his brother, but went back to get married,
after which he returned, and lived here until Dec.
25, 1867. He had four sons and five daughters,
who all lived to maturity, — Humphrey, William,
Martha, Elizabeth, Margaret, Comfort , Heze-
kiah, and Caroline. His wife died in March, 1879.
John had four sons, — Hezekiah, Samuel, John, and
Joseph, and four daughters, — -Susan, Mary, Eliza-
beth, and Sally. He died in 1833. His wife died
in 1875. Margaret, Hezekiah's wife, was a leading
member and worker in the Methodist Church, and
was very prominent in meetings for the part she took
in prayer, an unusual thing for women of that day.
Thomas Carle came from Kentucky in 1825 or
1826, and settled in the angle of the road, two miles
north of Southport, on the south side of the Shelby-
villa road, a half-mile south of Lick Creek. He
established a tan-yard (the second in the township)
the year he came. He was one of the first justices
of the peace, having been elected in 1828, and died
in office, in March, 1831. He was buried on his
farm. His son, Holman Carle, still owns the old
place, but lives in the city.
James Martin, an early settler, died in 1843,
leaving one son and one daughter.
Samuel Smith lived near Glenn's Valley till 1839,
when he moved to Johnson County, near Greenwood,
and died there in 1834.
John Myers was born in Kentucky, and moved
to Brown County, Ohio, then to Whitewater Valley,
near Brookville ; remained there but a short time,
and then came here in the spring of 1822 with An-
drew Wilson (who lived in Wayne township) and
his brother Henry, with one horse for all, on a visit
to the site of Indianapolis, before he moved out.
Soon after he married. He removed with his wife
and a few household goods, and when his goods had
been unloaded from the wagon of the teamster who
had hauled them out, they were left alone in a dark
forest, with his nearest neighbors, Henry Riddle and
the Harmonsons, a mile and a half away. It was a
heavy, unbroken forest, full of wild beasts, and their
first night's rest was much disturbed by the howling
of wolves and hooting of owls. His first wife died in
1850, and in 1852 he married the widow Comfort
Hinkston, who is still living. He died July 20,
1882, eighty-four years old. He served as justice of
the peace longer than any man in the county. He
was a successful farmer, and, though starting with
but forty acres, left an estate valued at thirty thou-
sand dollars. He had two sons and four daughters.
James Madison, his eldest son, born in December,
1822, is now living, the oldest resident of the town-
ship. His son, Vincent Myers, and his daughter,
Mrs. Ed. Thomas, are also living.
Martin D. Bush came here from Dearborn County,
Ind., in the fall of 1822. He had three children-
Ann, Mary, and Henry — when he came. His wife
was a sister of Col. Eggleston. Both he and his
wife were noted for their hospitality and their kind-
ness to the sick and needy. Their daughter Ann
married Frank Merrill, a brother of Samuel Merrill ;
Mary married Amos Sharpe, brother of Thomas
Sharpe ; and Henry married a Miss Dryden. Mary
died a short time before they left, and the remaining
members of the family moved in the spring of 1853
to Northwestern Missouri. He and his wife died
some years since at an advanced age. Henry and
Ann are still living.
Henry Alcorn came from the north of Ireland
when quite a young man, and settled in Lexington,
Ky. He moved to Ohio, then came to Indiana, by
Muncie and Strawtown, to Indianapolis, prospecting
in 1821, and then entered the land on which Henry
Riddle and Peter Harmonson had squatted. He
moved to Perry in 1823. His' wife died in the
winter of 1829-30. He had two sons and three
daughters, — Henry, Melinda, Joseph, Elizabeth, and
Mary Ellen. He married again in 1836, to Sally
McClintock, wlio had come on a visit to her brother
Thomas. Henry Alcorn, Jr., died soon after his
mother, who died in September, 1847, in Kentucky,
having returned there on a visit. He married again
in 1850, and his third wife died in 1863. He diad
in 1875, at the home of his son-in-law, Geon'e List,
PEKRY TOWNSHIP.
583
who married his daughter Mary Ellen. His oldest
daughter married Garret List. He was eccentric and
stern, and a prodigy in arithmetic and mathematics,
having had a very liberal education, and having a
remarkable memory. He was also regarded as au-
thority in questions of history.
Zaehariah Lemaster came in the fall of 1822 or
1823 from Kentucky. He married a Miss Wright,
and died about 1840, and left a widow and five chil-
dren,— two sons and three daughters. The youngest
daughter now lives on the old homestead.
Henry Myers, brother of John Myers, married a
Miss Mundy, and came here in 1823. About 1846
-47 he sold out and moved to near Peru, Ind. He
was an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and a man of unblemished character. He
had a large family.
Mrs. Elizabeth Custard came to this township in
the fall of 1828 with her son-in-law, David Hinks-
ton, who had married her daughter Comfort. Her
daughters, — -Eliza, married soon after Elijah Mc-
Bride ; Margaret, married Larkin Myers, a son of
Henry Myers ; Mary, married James Tracy, son of
John Tracy ; and Amanda, married Saulsbury Jones,
son of the Welshman, William Jones. They came
from Harrison County, Ky, and purchased land on the
sixteenth section from John Belger. Mrs. Custard is
still living with her daughter, Mrs. Comfort Myers,
the widow of the late John Myers, and she is now
the oldest person in the county who was a pioneer,
being nearly one hundred years old.
Peyton Bristow was a native of Virginia, born in
Loudoun County the 29th of August, 1778, his
parents being natives of Wales. His father died
when he was but a boy, and soon after his mother
started with the family, consisting of herself and ten
children, for Kentucky. Though he was fourth in
the family^ he was the practical head, the older ones
having left to work for themselves. In the wild
forests of Kentucky he had but little or no chance
for educatina; himself, and very little education did
he have. He was married on the 16th of Novem-
ber, 1802, to Miss Mary Price. After his marriage
he settlcMl on a "claim" in Greene County, Ky., after-
wards Adair County, and remained until the fall of
1809, when he sold out and went to Preble County,
Ohio. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, though
he was not engaged in any battles. In the fall of
1821 he sold out, and, coming to this township, en-
tered three hundred and twenty acres of land. He
returned to Ohio to get the two oldest boys, who
were to help him build the cabin, which they nearly
completed, wheq the father and the younger son
again returned for the family, leaving the elder son
to finish it ; but when they returned they found that
he had been seriously injured by a falling tree a day
or two after they had left, and the cabin was no
nearer done than they had left it. This was about
the 1st of February, 1822. Soon after this was the
first township election, at which there were himself
and four others, — Henry Riddle, Peter Harmonson,
William Stallcop, and Elias Stallcop. He served as
justice of the peace from Nov. 3, 1829, to July 4,
1834, from which he acquired the title of "Squire."
He lived a hou.seholder for over sixty-six years, and
died Feb. 10, 1869. He was sternly and strictly
honest, and liberal in his views. He was politically a
Democrat and religiously a Universalist. His own
death was the first under his roof His wife survived
him some eighteen months, and died in 1870. He
had thirteen children, — William, James, Lucy, Mar-
garet, Sally, Evans, Cornelius, Eliza, Mary, Martha,
Powell, Henry, and Alfred, of whom four or five are
dead.
Thomas Bryan came in 1825 from Kentucky, and
was married to Miss Saunders, sister of Dr. Saun-
ders, formerly of Indianapolis. He helped to organize
the Lick Creek Baptist Church. He had two sons,
John and Samuel, and three daughters. John died
in 1840; Samuel is still living in Missouri; Mrs.
Samuel Siebern living in the city; Mrs. Samuel Mc-
Farland living near the old homestead ; and Mrs.
James McClelland living at Franklin, Ind. Mrs.
Bryan died in 1853; Mr. Bryan in 1857. Both are
buried at Southport. The children of Thomas and
Elizabeth Bryan were Samuel, Julia, Merlila, John,
and Isabella.
Luke Bryan was born in Pendleton County, Ky.,
and came to the neighborhood of Southport in the
fall of 1828, bringing with him his father and mother,
584
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of whom it is necessary here to speak. Samuel and
Mary Bryan were the companions and relatives of
Daniel Boone, the famous Kentucky pioneer, Samuel's
mother being Daniel Boone's sister. When the pio-
neer started from North Carolina, in 1779, for the
far-off land of Kentucky, Samuel and Mary Bryan
accompanied him and his wife in the colony which
went with him. Samuel had served in the Conti-
nental army, and was married just before starting.
They traveled on horseback and with pack-horses.
When they came to the Cumberland River their goods
were transported on a raft, and Mrs. Bryan, being in
advance of the other women, was the first white woman
who set foot north of the Cumberland River in Ken-
tucky. This colony built on the Elkhorn what was
called Bryant's Station, a place of historic note.
There or in the vicinity Thomas and Luke Bryan,
sons of Samuel, were born. Luke, after he came to
this county, married a Miss Saunders, another sister
of Dr. Saunders. Samuel Bryan died in 1837, in
the eighty-third year of his age, and his wife died in
1840. They were buried on the farm of their son
Luke, but afterwards taken to the Southport Ceme-
tery, where rest two of those pioneers who passed
through scenes and adventures which have become
historical ; and it is doubtful if persons more noted in
pioneer history lie buried in the county.
Luke Bryan lived three-quarters of a mile north-
east of Southport, on the farm now owned by Capt.
Carson. He died March 5, 1857, and his remains
lie in the Southport Cemetery. The children of Luke
and Mary Bryan were Alphonso H., Sarah, Ethel-
bert W., Mary, Dorcas A., John S., Joseph M.,
James W., and Dr. Thomas N. Bryan, now of In-
dianapolis. Only one other of the sons is now
living. Their mother died in June, 1862, in Clay
County, 111., whither the family removed after Luke
Bryan's death.
Thomas C. Smock was born Dec. 31, 1808, in Mer-
cer County, Ky., and removed to Indiana in 1825, in
the seventeenth year of his age, making his home
with his brother, John B. Smock, on the Madison
road, two miles south of Southport. After his
twenty-first year (1829) he made his home with his
mother, Mrs. Ann Smock, two miles north of South-
port, on the west side of the Madison road. In
September, 1831, he married Rachel Brewer, daugh-
ter of John Brewer, who resided one mile east of
Southport. She died Sept. 21, 1838. On the 22d
of December, 1839, he married Sarah, youngest
daughter of John Smock, who settled in 1821 on
the Madison road, on the south bank of Pleasant
Run, one mile south of Indianapolis.
From his first marriage until the time of his death,
June 25, 1877, he resided on the same farm, one
and one-half miles north of Southport, on the west side
of the gravel road. As a citizen he was honored,
having served several terms as justice of the peace
for Perry township ; as a husband and father he
was a pattern, an example worthy of imitation ; as
a neighbor, and in all the qualities that make a good
neighbor, he was unexcelled, as all will bear testi-
mony, both rich and poor. Forty-six years of his
life he was a church member, earnest and faithful.
For more than thirty years he was a Sabbath-school
superintendent. At his death he had eight children
that survived him, — four sons and four daughters.
His second wife died in January, 1872. He left to
bis family a noble legacy, — a character without spot
or blemish. The writer of this knew him well for
fifty-two years, and knows whereof he has written.
His remains were deposited in the Southport Ceme-
tery. Peace to his memory !
Simon Smock was born Oct. 8, 1792, in Mercer
County, Ky. He was married in Kentucky, and
moved to Perry township in 1824. He settled on the
east side of the Madison road, adjoining the north line
of the township, on the road from Indianapolis to
Greenwood. Of the early pioneers there were nine
Smocks and three Brewers on or adjoining the road,
and it was a common saying, " If you meet a man call
him Smock ; if he fails to answer call him Brewer,
and he will be sure to answer." There was a colony
of Smocks and Brewers moved from Kentucky, set-
tling on or in the vicinity of the Madison road,
from within one mile of Indianapolis south to the
south line of the county, and extending into Johnson
County two miles. As early settlers the Smocks
and Brewers were men of a higher order for enter-
prise and morality than the average emigrants to a
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
585
new country, and they contributed much to elevate
the tone of society in the middle and eastern part of
Perry township. Simon Smock, being one of the
eldest, a man of convictions, and not afraid to stand
by his convictions, played well his part in church
and society. He had a large family, but was cut
down in the full vigor of his manhood, an irreparable
loss to his church and his family. He died in 1854.
Samuel Brewer was born in Kentucky ; married
to p]llen Smock, also a native of Kentucky. Soon
after his marriage he emigrated to Indiana and
settled in Perry township, on the west side of the
Madi.son road, on the north bank of Buck Creek.
In the fall of 1825 he built a cabin, commenced
opening a farm, and started a blacksmith-shop. Be-
tween farming and blacksmithing he made a com-
fortable living. He had ten children, — two sons and
eight daughters. His eldest son. Dr. Abram Brewer,
entered the profession of medicine and made an able
and successful physician. His health failed him and
he retired from practice, and died at his father's
house in the fall of 1869. The youngest son died
in 1851, in childhood. Two single daughters died
in early life, and afterwards two others (Mrs. Jane
Todd and Mrs. Fanny McCalpin). Four daughters
are still living. In September, 1876, his wife died,
and two years after he married Mrs. Grube, a widow
lady of the neighborhood. Mr. Brewer raised a
very moral and upright family. He has some pecu-
liarities that make him a marked man in his neigh-
borhood. He was a pioneer in the temperance and
anti-slavery causes. He is positive in his character.
When he takes a position he adheres to it against all
opposition. No one who ever knew him doubted his
fidelity to his church and himself These are the
great ruling traits in his character.
The Dabney family was quite numerous in Perry
township. They emigrated to the neighborhood
from Shelby County, Ky., in 1823 or 1824, having
formerly come from the State of Virginia to Ken-
tucky. The Dabney family was and is to this day a
noted- family in the Old Dominion. These were a
branch of the same family. Samuel Dabney and
wife, with three sons and three single daughters and
his son-in-law, John Smith, all settling on the Three-
Notch line, seven or eight miles south of Indianapolis.
The father died soon afterwards. John Smith, the
soD-in-law, was in after-years elected a justice of the
peace for Perry township. He was a shrewd and
thrifty farmer, and died at Greenwood in 1861.
The sons of the elder Dabney (Samuel, James,
and John) were as unlike as any three brothers
could be. Samuel lived and died a bachelor. He
was a great wit, full of anecdotes, and the centre of
all the sport at the neighborhood gatherings. James,
or Jimmy, as he was familiarly known, was the prin-
cipal class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church
in all the country, and in that special department he
was successful. For fifteen years he carried the ban-
ner, caring nothing about the things of this life,
leaving them all to take care of themselves if his
brother Samuel would not look after them. John,
or Jack, as the family called him, was a Nimrod, and
more than that name would imply. In hunting and
fishing he was unexcelled, and he furnished all the
venison, fish, and honey for the family. It was said
he knew every bee-tree for miles around. He moved
to Miami County in 1838, and the remainder of the
family followed soon after. The female portion of
the Dabney family were noted for their hospitality
and kindness in sickness. They have now all gone
to that bourne from whence no traveler returns.
Archibald Clark, with his father-in-law, Isaac
Coonfield, Sr., his brothers-in-law, John and James
Coonfield, and his brother, Obadiah Clark, came from
Kentucky, and were among the early settlers east
and northeast of Southport. They were of that class
of people who preferred the frontier ; not that they
had any vice, but seemed to prefer the rude freedom
of a frontier life. They remained in the neighbor-
hood some fifteen or twenty years, when the Coon-
fields moved to Brown County and Clark to Madison
County. Some years after Archibald Clark returned
and spent a few years on the Bluff road, near Glenn's
Valley, running a blacksmith-shop. About 1853 he
moved to Jasper County, 111., and died some ten
years later. It was truthfully said of Archibald
Clark that if he had but one meal in his house for
his family he would divide that meal with friend or
foe. Some of his family, after their removal to lUi-
586
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
nois, developed considerable ability, and one of his
sons represented Jasper County in the Legislature,
and others of the family accumulated a considerable
amount of property. They all inherited their father's
marked trait, open-handed hospitality.
Isaac Kelly came from Lincoln County, Ky.,
bought land on the Three-Notch line, and re-
moved to it in the fall of 1827. He settled on the
east side of the road, his farm including the ground
now known as the Round Hill Camp-Ground Ceme-
tery. His son, the Bev. Greenup Kelly, was the
first person interred in that cemetery, in December,
1830. On that hill was the first camp-meeting ever
held in this county, in 1831. There were no tents,
all cabins of round logs, with clapboard roofs. People
came for many miles around, with horses and ox-
teams. It was then a dense forest with thick under-
brush. The campers on the ground fed all visitors
with corn bread, bacon, beef, and potatoes. No
police were required to keep order. The early
settlers were noted for their good behavior at church,
both saints and sinners. They had no idle or bum-
mer element in society. Methodism had a strong
hold in this neighborhood. Such men as David
Marrs, Father Kelly, Father Norwood, Eperson, and
many other old-fashioned Methodists of sterling
worth were the men that laid the foundation of
society. All honor to their memory !
Alexander Clark was an early settler in what was
known as the Clark settlement. Clark township, in
Johnson County, took its name from Alexander
Clark, Sr. The Clarks were a most respectable
family and worthy citizens. "Aunt Sally," as she
was familiarly known, lived to a great age, and was
blind many years before her death. She was a re-
markable woman for her sound good sense, patience,
and piety. Alexander Clark, Sr., and all his sons
and daughters have passed away except one, Sarah
Kinnick, the wife of William Kinnick, an early
settler of Perry township. Moses G. McLain, the
present county clerk, is a grandson of Alexander
Clark, Sr.
William Evans was born in Indiana County, Pa.,
in 1798. He married Margaret Elliott in Butler
County, Ohio, in 1820, and they moved from Ohio
in August, 1823, and settled on the farm of John
Smock, on the east side of the Madison road, south
of Pleasant Run. Being a brick-moulder and layer,
he took the job of building a brick house for John
Smock, the first brick house ever built on the Madi-
son road south of the city. It was finished in 1824.
In the same year he bought land on the south side
of Lick Creek, a quarter of a mile west of where the
Shelby pike crossed the creek. He remained there
fifteen years, then moved to Sugar Creek, in Shelby
County, adjoining Johnson County. After living
on his farm for many years he moved to Indianapolis,
where he died, Dec. 15, 1872. His wife survived
him eleven years, and died in the city, Dec. 5, 1883.
When Mr. and Mrs. Evans came to the county, in
1823, they had two children. They afterwards had
born to them ten children, five of whom died in in-
fancy, and seven lived to maturity, — Sarah, Andrew
E., Thomas, Mary, Eliza, Rhoda, and Ann. The
first-named two died after marriage ; five are now
living. Thomas, who was the first born after they
came to this county, is now living in the city, one of
the most popular and able ministers in the United
Brethren Church. Mr. and Mrs. Evans joined the
Lick Creek Baptist Church at its organization, in
1826, at the house of David Fisher. They were a
very exemplary couple, lived a blameless and upright
life. Their family followed in their footsteps. At
Mrs. Evans' death, Dec. 5, 1883, she had been a
faithful and true follower of the Lord over sixty years.
John Wade Thompson came to this county with
his father, who settled on the east side of Perry
township in 1824. The- family came from Ken-
tucky, and John returned there for a short time,
but soon after came back and settled in the neigh-
borhood of Lick Creek Church. He married a IMiss
Denny. He filled the office of justice of the peace
for Perry township until 1867, when he moved to
the city, where he was elected to the office of justice
of the peace. It was said of him that he broke up
the Lick Creek Baptist Church, and the inquiry was
made why he should do such a wicked thing. The
answer was, " He moved away, and when he left the
main pillar of the church was gone and it fell to
pieces.'' John Wade, as he is familiarly called, is a
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
587
positive man, fearlessly follows his convictions, and is
always found on the right side of every moral ques-
tion. He is an upright and worthy citizen, and he
has a family worthy of their parentage.
The McBride family came to Perry township from
Dearborn County, Ind., in the winter of 1825-26,
settling on the west side of the Bluff River, one
mile north of Glenn's Valley. They had five sons
and three daughters. Elijah, the eldest, married
Eliza Miller, and they had a large family. The
mother and six children have passed away. The
father and four children are living. Charles, the
second son, married Julia Eddy, in the fall of 1828,
and died some years after, leaving his wife and three
children. The widow and one child are living. The
third son, Nimrod, in early life moved to Illinois.
Of the two younger sons, John is living; William
died many years ago. Of the three daughters, Mrs.
Nancy Hull died in June, 1840. Her youngest
sister, Henrietta, died a few years after. Mrs. Cath-
erine Christian is the only daughter now living. The
father died in 1833, the mother two years later. Of
all the early settlers in the neighborhood no family
was attended by such fatality as the McBride family.
John Graham was born in Franklin County, Pa.
He married Phannel MeClain in 182D, and soon
after his marriage started for the great Northwest,
embarking on a keel-boat at Pittsburgh with his young
wife to seek a home in the wilds of Indiana. He
landed at Madison early in the spring of 1821,
and leaving his wife there, he came to Indian-
apolis, the then new seat of government. Mak-
ing some purchases, after spending the spring and
part of the summer in Indianapolis, he returned to
Madison for his wife some time in the month of
August, and in September, 1821, he settled on what
was known as the Madison or Morgan trace, on the
north bank of Lick Creek, and on what is now the
Shelby gravel road, the farm now owned and occu-
pied by his son, Robert D. Graham. Some one had
squatted on the land, put up a cabin, and. made some
little improvement. This was the first improvement
in the northeast part of Perry township. There were
born to this pioneer couple four sons and two daugh-
ters, as follows : Sarah, Mary, William M., Robert
D., John J., and Thomas W., all of whom are now
living but Sarah and Thomas W. They struggled
along for eight years, and made progress in opening
a farm until October, 1829, when Mr. Graham died
of bilious fever, leaving his widow with six small
children.
John Graham was an earnest Christian man. He
opend his house to the Christian ministers and made
it a preaching-place. He died in the faith, leaving
his family in the hands of a covenant-keeping God.
They were not forsaken, his seed had never to beg
bread. She who was the companion of his youth
proved equal to her task. She reared a respectable
family and died in February, 1880, having lived a
widow over fifty years, respected and honored by all
who knew her.
John McCollum was born in the State of Ken-
tucky March 9, 1796 ; his wife, Jane McFarland,
was born Jan. 5, 1801, in the same State. They
were married Nov. 6, 1823, moved to Ohio, and
thence, in 1827, to Perry township, and located in
the neighborhood of Mrs. McCoUum's fiither, Benja-
min McFarland. They had five children, — Thomas
J., Benjamin C, John M., Martha G., and Sarah E.,
all now living but Benjamin C., who died May 6,
1864. John McCollum was a carpenter by occupa-
tion, and was the owner of a farm. When he was
in the prime of his manhood he met with an accident
that made him a cripple for life ; but he succeeded in
making a competency for himself and family. He
served his township as trustee with great fidelity for
many years. As age advanced he retired from active
life, and after the death of his wife, July 14, 1870,
he sold his homestead, divided his worldly effects, and
made his home with his children. He spent the most
of his time with his daughter, Mrs. Martha J. Fisher,
at whose house he died March 11, 1882, eighty-five
years and two days old. Few who trust to their chil-
dren to care for them in old age receive such unre-
mitting care as he received at the hands of his chil-
dren. He sleeps in the Southport Cemetery, by the
side of her who was his companion through a long
life of toil.
Dr. Benjamin McFarland and family moved from
Campbell County, Ky., in 1826, and settled on Lick
588
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Creek, half a mile east of the Shelby pike. He was
the first settler in the township who practiced the
healing art. He made himself very useful to the
early settlers as a physician. He built the first saw-
mill on Lick Creek, and soon after added a grist-
mill, so as to furnish his neighbors both bread and
lumber. He had two sons, Samuel and William, both
living in the neighborhood, enterprising and respect-
able citizens. He had two daughters, — Jane E. (who
married John McCollum) and Eliza (who married
Thomas N. Thomasj. Benjamin McFarland died at
the house of his son, Samuel McFarland, in the year
1860, in the ninetieth year of his age, his wife having
died some years previous. The McFarland family
has a marked individuality. They have always been
in the advance from a moral and educational stand-
point.
David Fisher came to Perry in 1825, and settled
on the east side of the township. He was married
to Elizabeth M. Hodges in the State of Kentucky,
moved to Shelby County, Ind., and thence to Marion.
He started the first tan-yard in Perry township. It
was at his house that the Lick Creek Baptist Church
was organized in the spring of 1826. He was an
enterprising pioneer, and did his part to advance the
moral and material interests of the neighborhood. He
always took a strong stand on the side of law, good
order, and religion. He had a large family, consist-
ing of four sons and five daughters, in the following
order: John P., James W., Cynthia, Mary J., Ben-
jamin L., Elizabeth R., Matilda, Joseph L., and Sarah
E. Fisher. They all lived to maturity, except one
daughter. They are now scattered from Indiana to
Western Kansas, only two living in this county,—
one daughter and Joseph L. Fisher, of Indianapolis.
David Fisher died in 1836. His wife survived him
four years.
Jacob Smock was born in Mercer County, Ky.,
March 8, 1797. Emigrating thence to Indiana in
the fall of 1823, he settled in Perry township on a
farm north of Southport. A part of the town plat
is on the original quarter-section that he settled on,
which was then an unbroken forest. It was in his
cabin that the first Presbyterian preacher, Rev. John
M. Dickey, first preached in the township. His wife
was a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was
not then a member of any church, but in after-years
he joined the Baptist Church, and during his resi-
dence in the neighborhood he was one of its leading
members. He was the first captain of militia iu the
township, and also served as a justice of the peace.
At an early day he built a grist-mill on his farm on
Buck Creek. It was one of the earliest mills of the
township for grinding corn. Jacob Smock's family
consisted of five sons — John, Henry, Simon, Daniel,
and Thomas — and four daughters. He moved to
Benton County, Iowa, in September, 1859, and died
a few years after with cancer of the stomach. His
wife survived him but a few years. He was an
enterprising citizen and an upright man.
Henry Brewer was an early settler, coming to
this township from Mercer County, Ky., in 1825 or
1826. He married and settled on a farm on the
west side of the Madison State road, adjoining the
Johnson County line. He remained there some
twenty years, then sold out and moved to Jasper
County, 111. His wife died soon afterwards. He
raised a large family. His patriotism was such that
in the war of the Rebellion he joined the Union
army when he was over fifty-five years of age, but
his health failed him from the exposure of a soldier's
life, and he lived but a few years after the close of
the war. He died in Jasper County, 111., respected
by all, and without a personal enemy.
Archibald Bruce came to this township from Dear-
born County in 1826, and settled on a quarter-section
adjoining Henry Alcorn on Buck Creek, quarter of
a mile east of the Bins' road. He had a wife, two
daughters, and two sons, Robert and William. They
soon returned to Lawrenceburg, their business being
running the river to New Orleans. They both died
in a few years. Mr. Bruce and his wife died some
thirty-five years ago, leaving two daughters, Sydna
and Eliza. The younger (Eliza) died a few years
after her parents ; the other daughter is the only sur-
vivor, and is now living in Indianola, west of the
city, in her eightieth year.
Alexander Clark, Sr., was married to Sarah Glenn
in Nicholas County, Ky., and soon after marriage
moved to Muhlenberg County, in what was then
PEKRY TOWNSHIP.
589
known as the Green River country. In the fall of
1827 he migrated to Perry township with his family,
consisting of three sons, — Archibald G., Alexander,
and Moses, — and four daughters, Sarah, Nancy,
Susan, and Polly. He settled on the west side of
the BluflF road, on the south bank of Buck Creek
(the farm now owned by Charles Orme), and re-
mained there two years, when the family all moved
to the northeast corner of Johnson County.
Moses Orme settled on the Notch line, east
side, adjoining the Johnson County line, in 1827.
He was married to a Miss Elson, and they came
from Lewis County, Ky. He lived there ten years,
and then sold his farm to John H. Oliver, of Henry
County, Ky. He bought an unimproved tract of
land two miles north, on the same road, and opened
a second farm. Moses Orme did as much hard work
in clearing up land as any of the early settlers. He
was a quiet, kind-hearted man, and his wife was of
the same type of character. They had five sons, —
Charles, Henson, Richard, Eli, and George, — and
three daughters, Ruth, Elizabeth, and Nancy, all
now living but Henson and Richard. The Ormes
were all well-to-do farmers. Mrs. Orme died in
1860, Mr. Orme in 1862, leaving to his children a
good estate and a worthy example of honesty and
industry.
Samuel Woodfill came from Jefferson County,
Ind., and settled on the BluflF road, east side, five
miles south of Indianapolis, in the spring of 182G.
He was a pattern farmer, and raised a large family.
His wife died, and he then sold his farm and lived
with his children. He died in the city some years
since, and was buried with his wife in the Southport
cemetery. He was an upright citizen, a kind neigh-
bor, always ready to do a favor to those who asked or
needed it, even at inconvenience to himself
The first mill in the township was built about
1827, by William Arnold, on Lick Creek, three-
fourths of a mile west of the eastern boundary of the
township. It was used a few years, and then aban-
doned because the water supply failed. A grist-mill
was attempted on the McGinnis farm by John Mc-
Cormick, who dressed two " nigger-head" bowlders
for the millstones, but it was found that the water
supply was insufiicient to make the mill successful,
and the enterprise was abandoned. The stones were
afterwards sold to James McLain, who added a grist-
mill to his saw-mill on Buck Creek, about one hun-
dred yards east of the Perry township line in Frank-
lin township. This enterprise also failed for lack of
water, and he sold the stones to Benjamin McFarland,
who already had a saw-mill (built in 1827) on Lick
Creek, about a half-mile east of where the Shelby-
ville road crosses. He added the grist-mill in 1829
or 1830, and it was for a time successful, but some
years later both the grist-mill and the saw-mill were
abandoned for the usual cause, — lack of water to run
them a sufficient length of time in the year to make
them profitable.
Jacob Smock built a grist-mill about 1828, on the
present site of the village of Southport, on Buck
Creek. It was kept in operation till about 18-10, and
then abandoned because of the failure of water sup-
ply. About one mile below Southport, on Buck
Creek, a saw-mill was started about 1836, and was
run a number of years by Nathaniel Beasley. The
water supply diminished, and in 1866 a steam-engine
was added as an auxiliary, but this proved a failure,
and the mill was abandoned in 1870. A mill was
built in 1846, a quarter of a mile north of South-
port, by Bonty, and was run by Bonty & Cot-
peter for about six years in sawing timber for the
railroad. It was afterwards abandoned.
There was also a saw-mill in existence and in
operation from 1839 to 1855 on Pleasant Run, just
below Glenn's Valley, on the farm of Archibald
Glenn.
A steam grist-mill was erected and put in operation
at Southport by Richard Smock about 1855. A
few years afterwards he sold it to John S. Webb, who
rebuilt and still owns it. There is also a saw-mill at
Southport, built about ten years ago, and now owned
by Isaac Grube.
There are within the township of Perry two small
villages, the larger being Southport and the other
Glenn's Valley, which is on the Bluflf road, in the
southwest part of the township, three-fourths of a
590
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
mile north of the Johnson County line, and on the
north side of Pleasant Run. Tlie village was laid
out partly on land of John Smart and partly on land
of Robert Burns. The first house on the village site
was built by Mr. Burns in the winter of 1830-31.
The village was named for Archibald Glenn, one of
the earliest settlers in the township. A post-oflBce
was established here in 1838. After a few years it
was discontinued, but was re-established in 1856.
The village has now a post-oflSce, two general stores,
one drug-store, a blacksmith-shop, a wagon-shop, a
steam grist-mill, a Masonic lodge, an excellent school-
house and graded school, one church (Methodist
Episcopal), and about one hundred inhabitants.
The first settler at what is now the village of
Southport was Jacob Smock, who came from Mercer
County, Ky., in 1823, and bought land immediately
north of the present town. In the same year, Sam-
uel Brewer came, and bought eighty acres of his
present farm, then returned to Kentucky, married,
and came back to Perry in 1824. The first building
erected within the limits of the present village was
the old water-mill, which stood just back of Mr.
Howard's present residence. The old race-way is
still to be seen in the woods east of the railroad.
The oldest house now standing is the one where Mr.
Christian lives. It was built by Jacob Smock, on
his farm, and when it became probable that the rail-
road then in progress of construction would have a
station at Southport, the house was moved across the
creek to its present location. Until the coming of
the railroad, however, there was no village, nor any
prospect of one, where Southport now stands. The
first town-lots on the west side of the railroad were
laid out by William Hooker, and on the east side by
Dr. Merritt. The town plat was surveyed in 1852,
and recorded April 5th in that year. In 1880
Southport had a population of three hundred and
eighty-eight, as shown by the returns of the United
States census of that year.
The Southport Baptist Church was organized as
the Buck Creek Baptist Church, in or about the year
1838, at the Mud School-house, by persons previ-
ously members of the Lick Creek Church. About
two years after the organization a meeting-house was
erected, on land donated for the purpose by Jacob
Smock. In the spring of 1838 a great protracted
meeting was held at Lick Creek, and immediately
afterwards at Buck Creek, under the leadership of
the Rev. Haine, a missionary, -resulting in a
revival, which added a large number of members to
both churches. One of the earliest ministers to this
church was the Rev. Henry Hunter, who was suc-
ceeded by the Revs. Thomas Townsend, Madison
Hume, I. N. Clark, A. J. Riley, and others. The
congregation grew until the old meeting-house be-
came too small, when a new and much larger church
building was erected on land purchased from J. H.
Combs, adjoining the Smock donation on the east.
The old meeting-house was then removed. Soon
after the village of Southport was laid out the name
of the Buck Creek Church was changed to South-
port. It has always been a flourishing organization,
and still has quite a large membership, being the
only Baptist Church in the township. In con-
nection with the old (first) meeting-house of this
congregation a space was set apart for burial pur-
poses, on the land donated by Jacob Smock. In
this ground the first interment was that of John B.
Smock, eldest .son of Jacob, Aug. 10, 1842. The
ground (about one and a half acres in extent) is
now nearly full of graves, and arrangements are
being made to obtain land for a new cemetery in a
better location.
The Southport Presbyterian Church was organ-
ized in 1833. In January of that year the Presby-
tery of Indianapolis, in session at Greensburg, gave
its consent to the formation of a Presbyterian Church
in this community, and, on the 30th of March fol-
lowing, the Rev. W. W. Woods, then pastor of the
Greenfield (now Greenwood) Church, eiFected the
organization in the Mud School-house. It was first
called the Providence Presbyterian Church, in honor
of the older church at Providence, Ky., from which
some of the members had come. The organization
included twenty-four members, viz. : Samuel Brewer,
Eleanor Brewer, Thomas C, Rachel, Ann and Abram
V. Smock, Simon and Mary French, Benjamin, Mary,
and Eliza McFarland, John A. and Lemma Brewer,
Phannel Graham, Paulina White, Jane E. McCollum,
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
591
Mary, Phebe, Samuel S., and John S. Siebern, Deb-
orah W. Siebern, Andrew E. and Sarah Mann, and
Otis Sprague. All were from Greenwood Church
except the last named, who was from the only Pres-
byterian Church then in Indianapolis. Otis Sprague
and John S. Siebern were chosen ruling elders, and
Samuel Brewer deacon.
A committee appointed for the purpose selected a
site for a house of worship on the northwest corner
of Jacob Smock's land, but some disagreement arose,
which resulted (though no reason can be given for
the change) in the building of the meeting-house on
the land of Samuel Brewer, opposite the site of the
present school-house. In 18.38, when the great divi-
sion occurred in the Presbyterian Churches, although
that at Greenwood remained united, this one was
seriously affected. Of the thirty-eight members who
composed it at that time, seventeen became adherents
of the New School. Both congregations worshiped
in the old Mud School-house for about four years, at
the end of which time the majority composing the
old branch built a frame church building, one and a
half miles east, in which they worshiped until 1858,
when the church was removed to Acton. In 1842
the New School branch built a church building at
what is now Southport, and have worshiped there to
the present time. Their first church at this place
was a frame building about twenty by thirty-four feet
in size. It was used for some time before being en-
tirely finished, and, after about seventeen years' ser-
vice as their house of worship, it was destroyed by
fire, Nov. 18, 1859. In 1860 they erected the present
church building, which is of brick, about thirty-two
by forty-four feet in size, and cost originally about
two thousand one hundred dollars. In the destruc-
tive tornado of July 12, 1883, the roof of this church
was badly damaged, but the other parts of the build-
ing remained comparatively uninjured. In 1868 a
parsonage was built at a cost of about one thousand
dollars. At the present time (September, 1883) the
church has one hundred and sixty-four members.
The ministers serving this church from its begin-
ning have been the following named, viz. : Revs.
Hilary Patrick, John Todd, Eliphalet Kent, William
M. Campbell, James Brownlee, Benjamin M. Nyce,
Philip S. Cleland, and Horace Bushnell, Jr. Mr.
Cleland served the church for a period of twenty-one
years.
The officers of the church since its organization
have been : Ruling Elders, Otis Sprague (ordained
and installed March 30, 1833 ; dismissed Nov. 16,
1833), John S. Siebern (ordained and installed at
same time as Mr. Sprague ; ceased to act in 1838),
Simon Smock (ordained and installed June 28, 1834 ;
died April 14, 1855), Samuel Brewer (Sept. 25,
1834), Robert N. Todd (Jan. 12, 1851), Thomas J.
Todd (Dec. 12, 1852 ; died Sept. 28, 1864), John
Calvin Woods (March 4, 1855 ; died Aug. 27, 1865),
Isaac J. Canine (March 4, 1855 ; moved away in
1879), William H. Wishard (Nov. 11, 1865 ; moved
to Indianapolis in 1876), Samuel Moore (Nov. 11,
1865), David Smock, R. G. Graydon, and Henry
Alexander McCalpin. Deacons, Samuel Brewer
(March 30, 1833; ceased to act Sept. 25, 1834),
Andrew C. Mann (June 28, 1834; died Dec. 26,
1862), Thomas C. Smock (Aug. 8, 1841), David R.
Smock, Richard M. Smock (Nov. 11, 1865; dis-
missed April 2, 1867), William B. Miles (Aug. 10,
1867).
The Union Presbyterian Church, which is still
standing on the Bluff road, was built in 1854, an
organization having been formed in the previous year
by Dr. Scott, Henry Alcorn, Garret List, William
Boyd, and others. Services were held for many
years with more or less regularity, but the number of
members having become greatly reduced by deaths
and removals, they disbanded in 1880.
The Southport (Methodist Episcopal) Circuit was
originally a part of the Greenfield Circuit, Indiana
Conference. In 1848-49 it was known as the South
Indianapolis Circuit, consisting of the following-
named appointments, viz. : Hopewell Methodist
Chapel (Johnson County), Bowser's, Smock's, Fish-
er's, Tucker's, Brenton's, Greenwood, Marrs', and
Asbury. At the annual Conference of 1849 the
name was changed to Southport Circuit, E. R. Ames
presiding elder, and H. M. Shafer, preacher iu charge.
The pastorate of the circuit has been supplied in the
following order until the present time, viz. : E. D.
Long, George Havens, J. W. T. McMullen, W. B.
592
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Taylor, Jesse Brockway, Thomas Ray, P. Q. Rose-
crans, J. V. R. Miller, Jesse Chevington, C. G. Heath,
J. A. Brouse, W. Gr. Ransdell, P. Garland, and (again)
W. G. Ransdell. At the Conference of 1860 the cir-
cuit vms reduced to the present dimensions by con-
stituting the east half of it a new circuit, called Acton.
Only four societies are now embraced in the South-
port Circuit, viz. : Southport, Madison Avenue,
Centre, and Fairview (Johnson County).
Southport Church was organized in 1845 by the
Rev. H. M. Shafer, with Richard Smock and wife
and five others as members. Their first house of
wor.ship was built in 1849, and dedicated by E. R.
Ames. It is a frame building, still standing and
used as a carpenter-shop. This old building was
used by the society as a house of worship until 1868,
when they built a large brick church, which was used
about fifteen years, and was totally destroyed on the
12th of July, 1883, by a tornado which swept over
the southern portion of the county. A new brick
church was then erected on the same site, and dedi-
cated on the 18th of November following. It is
the largest and in all respects the best church edi-
fice in the town. The present number of mem-
bers and probationers in the Southport Church is
sixty.
The Methodists held meetings for religious wor-
ship in this township as early as any other denomi-
nation. The first preaching in Perry township was
by Henry Brenton, who was a local preacher. The
first circuit preacher was James Armstrong, who first
came to preach in the fall of 1826 ; about the same
time, or perhaps a little later, came John Belzer, a
'• New Light" preacher, who had a few followers and
a temporary organization. He lived on the school
section for a time, and moved away in 1828.
The first Methodist Church edifice in Perry was
Asbury Chapel, a meeting-house of hewed logs, about
twenty-four by thirty-six feet in dimensions, which
was erected on the southeast corner of the eighty-acre
tract now owned by the Talbot heirs, on the Three-
Notch line. The land on which this building
was erected (in 1829 or '30) was donated by Henry
Brenton. The first church organization at this place
was composed of Henry Brenton and family, Robert
Brenton and family, Isaac Kelly and family, David
Marrs and family, Zachariah Lemaster's family, and
several members of the Bouser family. The pioneer
ministers of this church were Henry Brenton (local).
Revs. Allan Wiley, Edmund Ray, James Hargrave,
Thomas Hill, and James Havens, circuit preachers.
Rev. Allan Wiley was the presiding elder. Meetings
were held in the hewed-log meeting-house for ten or
twelve years, and then the place of worship was re-
moved to the Marrs school-house on Three-Notch
road. The old meeting-house being abandoned as a
preaching-place, was .some years later removed to the
brick-yard south of Indianapolis, where it is still
standing. After worshiping a number of years at
Maris school-house, the organization was joined with
that of New Bethel, and formed the present Centre
Church, which was organized with forty members.
Their church edifice, built in 1848, was dedicated by
E. R. Ames. The church has now seventy-four
members.
The New Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church was
organized as a class about 1828, with Andrew
Hoover and wife, John Myers and wife, Henry
Myers and family, several persons of the Mundy
family, Mrs. Comfort Hinkston, Elizabeth Custard,
David FLsher and family, and some others as mem-
bers. Among the early preachers were Revs.
Long, George Havens, John W. T. JIcMuUen, and
Orlando Havens. The meeting-house was erected in
1831, on the northwest corner of the Andrew Hoover
farm, near the present residence of George Harnese.
It was the first frame church built by the Methodists
in this township. It was never plastered or other-
wise finished on the inside, but was kept as a preach-
ing-place for many years. The land on which it was
built, although donated by Hoover, was never deeded
by him, but was afterwards deeded by Thomas H.
Sharpe. After some years the organization, with
that which worshiped at the Marrs school-house, was
merged into the organization of the Centre Church,
for which a house of worship was erected in 1848.
Among the ministers who preached to this congrega-
tion were Long, John W. T. McMullen, George
Havens, and Orlando Havens. The old building is
still standing on the lot surrounded by lands of Eli
PERRY TOWNSHIP.
593
F. Ormes, on the BIuiF road, about five and a half
miles south of Indianapolis, and about one and a
quarter miles south of Lick Creek, on the east side.
The Mount Carmel Church was organized and a
church building erected in the fall of 1839, on the
north line of Robert Burns' land, on the west side
of the Bluff road. The members of this church
were William Hall and family, James Orr and family,
Nicholas Elson and family, the family of Robert
Burns, Hezekiah Smart, Sr., and wife, and a few
others. Their ministers were John V. R. Miller
and William C. Smith. The old church building
was destroyed by fire about the 1st of April, 1842,
which accident had the effect to break up the or-
ganization, and the members scattered to the Marrs
school-house, the New Bethel, and some to Pleasant
Hill Church, in Johnson County.
The Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church
is the outgrowth of a mission founded and organized
by Hiram Wright, a local preacher. Their first
preaching was held in the school-house of the neigh-
borhood until they were able to build a house of
worship. The church is now embraced in the South-
port Circuit. The meeting-house is on land of B.
Wright, three miles south of Indianapolis, on the
Southport gravel road.
The Methodist Church at Glenn's Valley was or-
ganized some twelve or fifteen years ago. Their
preaching was held in the school-house and in the
Masonic Hall until they purchased the old brick
school-house and converted it into a church edifice.
The Lick Creek Baptist Church (the first church
in the township) was organized at the house of David
Fisher (now the Ritzinger farm), in the spring of
1826, by Abram Smock. Among its original mem-
bers were David Fisher and wife, John Chinn and
wife, William Gott and wife, Thomas Bryant and
wife, James Turner and wife, and James R. Mc-
Laughlin and wife. A church edifice was built
within one year after the organization, and also estab-
lished a burial-ground in connection with the church.
The first person interred in this ground was David
Judd, Oct. 17, 1827. The second interment was
that of Richard Ferree, a lad s'lout ten or twelve
years old, who was killed by the overturning of a
cart, the first death by accident or violence in Perry
township.
The first minister of the Lick Creek Church was
Abram Smock, who served the congregation for
many years. About 1832 a large number left the
church to organize the Buck Creek Baptist Church,
which afterwards became the Southport Baptist
Church. By reason of deaths and removals of
members, the Lick Creek Church was disbanded in
1866, its building torn down, and the material re-
moved to Indianapolis (in 1867 or 1868), and there
rebuilt for the use of a colored Baptist Church.
A Christian Church was organized in Perry town-
ship in 1845 or 1846, George Shortridge and fivmily,
and Robinson and family being the original
members, to whom were soon afterwards added Peter
Smock and wife, John Monroe, George Oldacre, John
Shortridge and wife, and others. The organization
continued till about 1863, when, having become
greatly reduced in numbers, it was disbanded, and
most of the members having removed to the vicinity
of Greenwood, went into the church organization at
that place.
Schools. — One of the earliest school-houses (and
probably the first) in Perry township was built in
1823, on what is now the northeast corner of the
land of Joseph Alcorn, a half-mile west of the Union
Presbyterian Church. In that old log school-house
the first teacher was Emanuel Glimpse, one of the
earliest settlers in that region. A log school-house
was built in 1826, on land of Archibald Glenn, and
in it Michael Groves taught school for two winters.
After him came as teachers, Samuel Hare and Elihu
Hardin, the last named teaching there about 1830.
About 1831 a small log building was erected for a
school-house at David Marrs' farm, and another of
the same kind near the site of Lick Creek Church.
In this last mentioned a man named Thaler was one
of the first teachers. In the vicinity of Southport
the first school-house (a log building, of course) was
erected on Jacob Smock's farm, its location being on
the bluff north of Buck Creek. The second in that
neighborhood was located where the residence of Mr.
J. E. Phillips now stands, and was known as the
Mud School-house, from the material which was
594
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
largely used in its construction. This, as also the
bouse at Mairs', was used not only for school pur-
poses, but as a preaching-place for many years. A
frame school-house which was afterwards built on the
same site has long since disappeared.
All the pioneer school-houses of Perry, as of the
other townships of this and adjoining counties, were
of one and the same character, — small and low struc-
tures of logs, with puncheon floors, seats, and writing-
benches ; with a large fireplace of stones and mud,
and with a log cut out from two sides for windows,
the openings being covered with greased paper in place
of glass. All the appliances of the modern school-
house were lacking. The teachers were men who la-
bored on the farm in spring, summer, and autumn, and
in winter taught school for terms of six weeks' to three
months' duration. They wore required to be able
to teach (more or less thoroughly) reading, spelling,
writing, and ciphering as far as the single rule of
three, and for their services received a remuneration
which the lowest class of laborers would now regard
as trifling. After many years frame school-houses
took the places of the old log buildings, the school
terms were lengthened, and teachers of a somewhat
higher grade of acquirements were employed. Fi-
nally came the formation of the present public school
system, and its adoption by Perry as by the other
townships of the county.
Perry township has now 14 school districts, and
the same number of school-houses (2 frame and 12
brick), in all of which schools are taught, one being
a graded school. There is also a colored school in the
township. The number of teachers employed in 1883
was 18 (6 male and 12 female). The average daily
attendance was 446. The whole number admitted to
the schools was 662, including colored children. Five
teachers' institutes were held in the township during
the year. The valuation of school apparatus is
$600 ; valuation of school-houses and grounds,
$12,000. There is one private school taught in the
township, with an average attendance of 84 during
the year 1883.
Secret Societies. — Southport Lodge, No. 270,
F. and A. M., was chartered May 28, 1861, Wil-
liam G. Lockwood, W. M. ; Hezekiah Hinkston,
S. W. ; James Gentle, J. W. The officers for 1884
are George L. Thompson, W. M. ; Joseph P. Bailey,
S. W. ; James A. Norwood, J. W. ; William Wor-
man, Treas. ; Spofibrd E. Tyler, Sec. The present
membership of the lodge is thirty-five.
Southport Lodge, No. 394, I. 0. O. F., was insti-
tuted with the following-named original members :
J. M. McLain, Isaac Grube, S. Graves, W. L. Ber-
ryman, Alfred Brewer, S. D. Moody, Aaron Grube,
J. L. Fisher, E. S. Riley, W. P. Trout, R. R.
Graham, Jackson Snyder. The lodge has now forty-
five active members and the following-named officers,
viz. : E. Kelley, N. G. ; John S. Rene, V. G. ; Chris.
Grube, Sec. ; Isaac Grube, Treas. ; Charles Grube,
Per. See. The lodge has twenty-three Past Grands.
Glenn's Valley Lodge, No. 514, F. and A. M.,
was chartered May 25, 1875, Hezekiah Hinkston,
W. M. ; Alexander C. Sedam, S. W. ; Franklin L.
Barger, J. W.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
WILLIAM H. WISHARD, M.D.
William H. Wishard, M.D., was the eldest son of
John and Agnes H. Wishard, born in Nicholas
County, Ky., Jan. 17, 1816. The family was Scotch-
Irish in their nationality. His father emigrated to
Indiana, and settled on the BluflF road, nine and one-
half miles south of Indianapolis, where they pitched
their camp on the evening of Oct. 26, 1825. His
father had purchased the land in 1824, came out in
the following spring, cleared some land, and put in a
crop of corn, potatoes, and turnips. The first night after
their arrival the wolves were heard howling near their
camp, which, however, was no unusual thing for years
after that time.
William H. Wishard was then in his tenth year,
and being the eldest, had to hunt the cows in the
woods, do the errands, and go to mill, and many were
the exciting scenes he passed through. On one occa-
sion, in the fail of 1826, when returning from mill
late at night, alone in the darkness of a dense forest.
[j/jfUxAjio rnytAjb^
PERKY TOWNSHIP.
595
and one and a quarter miles from any settler's cabin,
he suddenly came upon a pack of wolves snarling
over a wounded deer that they had just caught. It
was an unpleasant situation for a boy of twelve years
to find his only pathway blocked by fifteen or twenty
hungry wolves ; but he kept his presence of mind,
and, passing around through the brushwood on one
side as rapidly and silently as possible, escaped from
the beasts, and reached his father's house in safety.
Many a night in his boyhood he spent at the old
Bayou, and Patterson's, and Bacon's mills, waiting for
his grist to be ground. His educational advantages
were very limited, attending only the winter schools
of the pioneer days, taught by teachers of very meagre
capacity and attainments. The spring and summer
seasons were spent in attending to the crops and help-
ing to clear land.
Having passed the early years of his life in this
manner, he, at the age of twenty-two years, com-
menced the study of medicine with Dr. Benjamin S.
Noble, of Greenwood, Johnson Co., and entered into
partnership with him in the spring of 1840, which
partnership continued for ten years. He was married
to Harriet N. Moreland, daughter of the Rev. John R.
Moreland, the second pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Indianapolis. They had nine children
born to them, — four sons and five daughters. The
first four, one son and three daughters, died in in-
fancy and childhood. The others are living, viz. : Dr.
William N., of the City Hospital of Indianapolis;
Albert W., an attorney of the city ; Dr. George W.,
of Indianapolis ; Harriet J. ; and Elizabeth.
During the war of 1861-65, Dr. Wishard served
two years as a volunteer surgeon, after which he com-
menced the practice of medicine in the neighborhood
where his early years were passed, and where from
the first he had a large practice. In October,
1876, he was elected coroner of the county and
removed from Southport to Indianapolis, where he
has remained ever since. After serving four yeafs
as coroner he returned to the practice of medicine,
which, however, he had not entirely relinquished.
He is now in the sixty-ninth year of his age. and in
full vigor for one of his years. He has practiced
medicine in Morgan, Johnson, and Marion Counties i
longer than any man now living in the county, and
still holds a large practice, after forty-four years of
service as a physician.
MORRIS HOWLAND.
Mr. Howland, who is the grandson of Elisha How-
land, and the son of Powell Howland, was born on the
30th of January, 1823, in Saratoga County, N. Y.,
where he resided until sixteen years of age, and re-
ceived such advantages of education as the neighboring
schools afforded. His father having determined to
leave the Empire State for the unsettled West, his
son Morris started on the 25th of September, 1839,
with a pair of horses and a wagon for Indianapolis,
reaching his destination after a journey of forty-
two days. The family on their arrival located in
Centre township, where Morris remained four years,
after which he engaged in flat-boating at points be-
tween Cincinnati and New Orleans. In 1844 he
embarked in business near Evansville, Ind., and on
abandoning this enterprise made an extensive tour by
steamboat and on horseback through many of the
States of the Union, with a view to pleasure and an
intelligent comprehension of the extent and resources
of the country. On returning in 1845, he, on the
22d of January of that year, married Miss Susan
Marquis, of Perry township, Marion Co., and settled
in the last-named township, where he became a
farmer. The children of this marriage are Sarah
(Mrs. F. S. Turk) and Mary (Mrs. John Epler).
Mrs. Howland died in August, 1852, and he was
again married on the 22d of February, 1854, to Miss
Jane Gentle, who was of Scotch descent, and a resi-
dent of the same township. Their children are
Powell, Lida, and Minnie. Mr. Howland has princi-
pally engaged in farming and stock dealing, in which
he has been signally successful. He has been actively
interested in developing the resources of his county
and township, and constructed the first gravel road
in the county, of which he is still president. He is a
member of the Wool-Growers' Association, and of the
Short-Horn Breeders' Association, and actively in-
terested in the subject of horticulture. He was in
596
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
politics a Democrat until the introduction of the
Kansas-Nebraska bill in 1854, when a disapproval of
the measures adopted by the party induced him to
cast his vote with the llepublicans. He has been
actively interested in the success of his party, and
participated in various local campaigns, though not
an aspirant for the honors which it confers. Though
repeatedly declining ofiScial positions of importance,
he has held various offices in the township, among
which may be mentioned that of justice of the peace.
He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and con-
nected with Southport Lodge, No. 270, of that order.
Mr. Howland is an active member and one of the
founders of the Southport Methodist Episcopal
Church, in which he has been successively steward,
class-leader, and trustee. His influence and active
labor in the cause of temperance have accomplished
a salutary work in Perry town.ship, and given it a
decided moral strength in the county.
GEORGE TOMLINSOX.
John Tomlinson, the great-grandfiither of the sub-
ject of this biographical sketch, was a native of
Yorkshire, England, and having emigrated to Amer-
ica about the middle of the last century settled in
Maryland. His son, Joseph Tomlinson, the grand-
father of George, was the first settler of Elizabeth-
town, Va., having laid out the town and named it in
honor of his wife, Elizabeth Tomlinson. George
Tomlinson was the son of Isaac and Anna Tomlinson
(whose maiden name was De Mint). In childhood
he removed with his parents to Bourbon County, Ky.,
from which point, after a residence of a few years, he
repaired with the family to Trimble County, in the
same State, and a few miles above Madison, Ind.,
where his father died soon after the close of the war
of 1812. In 1821 he became an inmate of the
house of his guardian. Rev. Henry Brenton, in
Trimble County, Ky., and in 1823 accompanied him
to Indiana, when he became a resident of Perry
township, Marion Co. He was married on the 2d of
August, 1827, to Miss Lucy E. Dawson, and about
October of the same year removed to the homestead
on the Madison road, four miles south of the city,
where he resided until hi.s death. Mrs. Tomlinson
was born April 20, 1811, in Oldham County, Ky.,
and was the daughter of Daniel and Keziah Dawson,
and granddaughter of Josiah Tanner, a captain in the
American army during the Revolutionary war. Her
parents both died during her childhood, when a homo
was found with her grandmother, Martha Tanner,
until her marriage. The married life of Mr. and
Mrs. Tomlinson continued over a period of fifty-
three years, their golden wedding having been cele-
brated on the 2d of August, 1877. Their children
are three sons and four daughters, all of whom sur-
vive them. Mr. Tomlinson did not enjoy superior
advantages of education, but was a student all his
life, and devoted much of his leisure time to reading.
He was in politics a Whig, a Republican at the or-
ganization of that party, and pronounced in his anti-
slavery sentiments. He was strong in his political
convictions, an ardent supporter of measures for the
conduct of the late war, and willingly promised to
protect from want the families of soldiers who enlisted
in the cause of the Union. He was in 1832 elected
justice of the peace, and held the office for twenty
consecutive years. He was a member of the Tippe-
canoe Club of Marion County, and voted for Gen.
Harrison in 1836 and 1840. About 1847, Mr.
Tomlinson began a general merchandising business at
Southport, Ind., and continued it for twenty years,
after which he retired from commercial pursuits and
devoted the remainder of his life to farming. His
death occurred May 11, 1881, and that of his wife
in the same year.
CHAPTER XXV.
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
,PlKE TOWNSHIP lies in the northwest corner of
Marion County, and is bounded on the north by
Hamilton and Boone Counties, on the east by Wash-
ington township, on the south by Wayne township,
and on the west by Hendricks County. The town-
ship contains forty-four sections, or twenty-eight
^ <^C>i^ta^t^Ot^
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
597
thousand one hundred and sixty acres of land. Its [
surface is in some parts rolling, in others nearly level, i
and in some parts rather .swampy. The buttonwood
ponds were formerly numerous in some localities, but
these are unknown to-day, for the industrious farmers
have cleared up these places and tile-drained them, so
that excellent crops are raised on these lands. The
soil of the township is generally of a good quality,
and well adapted to farming and stock-raising. It is
watered by Eagle Creek, which enters the township
on the north line, about two and one-half miles east
of the northwest corner, and runs in a southwesterly
course until it reaches the Wayne township line,
about one and one-quarter miles east of the west line
of the township. Fishback Creek enters the town-
ship near the northwest corner, and empties into
Eagle Creek one-half mile below Trader's Point.
The country along this stream is the most broken
part of the town.ship, and is called the hilly country
of Fishback. The creek derived its name from Free-
man Fishback, who was an early settler on the farm
now owned by P. Beck. Some of the finest springs
of the county are along this stream. Bush's Run,
a small stream, heads near the north centre of the
township, and empties into Eagle Creek three-quarters
of a mile below Trader's Point. Little Eagle Creek,
which is somewhat of a noted stream, has its source
near the south line of Boone County, and it enters
this township about one mile east of the centre of the
north line. It runs just east of New Augusta, and
empties into Big Eagle near Mount Jackson, in
Wayne township. This stream is the second in size
in Pike. Crooked Creek enters the township near
the northeast corner, and takes a southwesterly direc-
tion until just north of Old Augusta, where it bears
to the southeast, and leaves the township about one-
third of a mile southeast of Old Augusta. Staton's
Creek heads a little south of Old Augusta, runs in a
southwesterly course, and empties into Little Eagle
on or near W. H. Guion's farm. It derived its
name from Joseph Staton, who was the first settler in
the southeastern part of the township.
Pike, like the other townships of Marion County,
was laid out and erected a separate township by order
of the county commissioners on the 16th of April,
1822, and on the same date and by the same au-
thority it was joined to Wayne for township pur-
poses (there being but few inhabitants in either),
and the two together were deemed a single township,
called the township of Pike and Wayne. This
continued until May 10, 1824,' when the commis-
sioners of Pike separated from Wayne (the inhab-
itants being suflBciently numerous), and an election
was ordered to be held at the house of Alexis Jack-
son for the choice of a justice of the peace on the
19th of June following, David McCurdy to be in-
spector of election. At this election there were but
seventeen votes cast, and John C. Hume was elected
the first justice of the peace by a majority of three
votes, Mr. Thomas Burns being his opponent for the
judicial honors of the township. J. C. Hume at
that time lived in the northern part of the township,
in the Harman neighborhood, on the south part of
the farm now owned by Samuel Hornaday, and
Thomas Burns lived in the southwestern part of the
township, on the east side of Eagle Creek, on the
farms now owned and occupied by his grandsons,
Thomas and Oliver Reveal.
Following is a list of township officers of Pike from
its formation to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES or THE PEACE.
Abraham Hendricks, June 15, 1822, to June 19, 1824.
Isaac Stephens, June 22, 1822, to February, 1824; removed.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, May 10, 1824, to June 19, 1824.
(The three preceding served for Pike and Wayne while those
two townships were joined as one.)
John C. Hume, Aug. 19, 1824, to May 16, 1827; resigned.
Jacob Sheets, Aug. 27, 1825, to December, 1829; resigned.
Austin Davenport, Aug. 9, 1827, to March 1, 1830; resigned.
Zephaniah Hollingsworth, Feb. 19, 1830, to May 2, 1831; re-
signed.
William C. Robinson, Feb. 20, 1830, to Feb. 12, 1835.
Jesse Lane, April 9, 1830, to April 9, 1835.
Adam Wright, July 4, 1831, to July 4, 1834; resigned.
1 From that time until 1834 small parts of the counties of
Hamilton, Boone, and Hendricks were included in this town-
ship, but in the year last named the matter was brought before
the Legislature by the Hon. R, B, Duncan, and the northern
and western lines established as they are now. Another
change was made by which three sections of land originally
belonging to Pike were thrown into Washington township,
thus establishing the township lines as they are at present.
598
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY,
Smith Isaac, Oct. 17, 1S34, to Oct. 17, 1839.
Nathaniel Bell, April IS, 1835, to April 15, 1845.
Riley B. Hogshire, June 9, 1838, to June 9, 1843.
Daniel Cooper, Dec. 14, 1839, to Dec. 7, 1844.
Daniel Cooper, Feb. 8, 1845, to Feb. 8, 1850.
Benjamin Powell, May 6, 1845, to May 6, 1850.
Nathaniel Bell, May 10, 1845, to July, 1846; removed.
James Haines, Dec. 18, 1846, to Deo. 15, 1851.
John C. Hume, April 12, 1850, to April 12, 1855.
Riley B. Hogshire, May 8, 1850, to March 15, 1851 ; resigned.
James Haine.s Dec. 22, 1851, to Dec. 15, 1856.
Fletcher Patterson, April 19, 1853, to April 19, 1857.
John C. Hume, May 8, 1855, to May 3, 1859.
Perry W. Cotton, Nov. 3, 1855, to Nov. 1, 1859.
James Haines, April 20, 1857, to November, 1800 ; died.
Abner A. Wakeland, May 7, 1859, to April 22, 1861 ; resigned.
Perry W. Cotton, Nov. 7, 1859, to Nov. 1, 1863.
Joseph Patton, Dec. fi, 1860, to Sept. 22, 1863; resigned.
John M. Voorhis, April 21, 1863, to Dec. 26, 1865; resigned.
William R. McCune, Nov. 5, 1863, to Nov. 1, 1867.
Abraham Artman, April 20, 1865, to May 24, 1867; resigned.
Joseph F. Trowbridge, April 13, 1867, to Oct. 13, 1 879 ; resigned.
William R. McCune, Nov. 9, 1867, to Nov. 1, 1871.
Mahlon B. Pentecost, April 25, 1868, to Nov. 16, 1868 ; resigned.
Salathicl F. Pentecost, April 28, 1869, to Jan. 31, 1871; re-
signed.
Francis M. Hollingsworth, Oct. 28, 1872, to Oct. 28, 1876.
John C. Reed, April 9, 1878, to April 9, 1882.
Francis M. Hollingsworth, July 9, 1878, to April 14, 1880.
Tiry N. Hardin, Oct. 13, 1879, to June 27, 1882; removed.
James M. Smith, May 11, 1882, to May 11, 1886.
Robert Dunn, June 27, 1882, to April 14, 1884.
TRDSTEES.
John H. Wiley, April 11, 1859, to April 11, 1860.
Elihu Culver, April 11, 1860, to Jan. 13, 1861.
William P. Long, Jan. 13, 1861, to April 13, 1861.
James M. Draper, April 13, 1861, to April 17, 1863.
John H. Wiley, April 17, 1863, to April 13, 1867.
James H. Kennedy, April 13, 1867, to Oct. 29, 1870.
Jeremiah Coble, Oct. 29, 1870, to April 1(4, 1880.
Jasper N. Guion, April 10, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
Jesse A. Avery, April 14, 1882, for two years.
ASSESSORS.
.John B. Harmon, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 5, 1829.
Jesse Davenport, Jan. 5, 1829, to Jan. 3, 1831.
Joseph Staton, Jan. 3, 1831, to Jan. 2, 1832.
William W. Harmon, Jan. 2, 1832, to May 5, 1835.
Alexander Felton, May 5, 1835, to Jan. 4, 1836.
Smith Isaac, Jan. 4, 1836, to March 7, 1836.
Alexander Felton, March 7, 1836, to Jan. 2, 1837.
William W. Harmon, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 1, 1838.
Smith Isaac, Jan. 1, 1838, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Alexander Felton, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
Smith Isaac, Jan. 6, 1840, to Jan. 4, 1841.
Alexander Felton, Jan. 4, 1841, to Dec. 6, 1841.
Thomas W. Council, Dec. 10, 1852, to Nov. 20, 1854.
John Bowers, Nov. 20, 1854, to April 7, 1855.
Abraham Logan, April 7, 1855, to Dec. 4, 1856.
James M. Draper, Dec. 4, 1856, to Nov. 20, 1858.
Allen P. Wiley, Nov. 20, 1858, to Nov. 6, 1860.
John M. Voorhis, Nov. 6, 1860, to Nov. 16, 1862.
John Souerwine, Nov. 16, 1862, to Nov. 26, 1864.
Jacob R. Wilson, Nov. 26, 1864, to Oct. 27, 1866.
Joseph Loftin, Oct. 27, 1866, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Samuel H. Schenck, March 23, 1875, to Oct. 23, 1876.
Joseph Loftin, Oct. 23, 1876, to April 10, 1880.
Jacob Souerwine, April 10, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
Jacob H. Heisay, April 14, 1882, to April 14, 1884.
From the best information now to be obtained the
first white man who settled in this township was
James Harman, who was a native of Pulaski County,
Ky., and a soldier in the war of 1812. He came to
Indiana and first located in Rush County, and in
1820 came to Marion County and settled in the north
part of Pike township, on the east side of Eagle
Creek, where he lived until the 20th day of Novem-
ber, 1832, when he sold out to Wesley Marklin,
and moved to the farm where Richard Carter now
lives. He lived there for a few years, and then
moved to Boone County, Ind., near Zionsville, where
he died. Mr. Harman raised twelve children, sotfie
of whom still live in the neighborhood where they
passed the years of their youth.
The next settler in the township is supposed to
have been David McCurdy, Sr. He was born in
Ireland in the year 1777, and at the age of two
years he with his mother (then a widow) came to
New York, where he lived until 1818. He then
came to Indiana and settled near Noblesville, on
White River, in Hamilton County, and lived there
until 1820 or 1821, when he came to Marion County
and settled in Pike township, west of Eagle Creek,
on the farm now owned and occupied by James
White. Mr. McCurdy owned at one time two
thousand five hundred and eighty acres of land
along Eagle Creek in this township. In a few years
he moved to the southwest part of the township, ou
the farm which he made his home until his death.
He built the first grist-mill in the township, on
Eagle Creek, at what is known as the McCurdy
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
599
Ford, where the citizens got their corn and wheat
ground for a number of years, the flour being bolted
by hand. He also owned and ran a small distillery /
just south of the residence of his son Samuel. Mr. j
McCurdy was married twice. He had ten children
by his first wife and ten by the second, equally
divided between the sexes. All lived to maturity,
and settled in this section and shared in their
father's large estate. Mr. McCurdy was honest in
all his dealings, kind and liberal to the poor, was a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at
Jones' Chapel, and very liberal in its support. He
died at the age of eighty-four years, and was buried
at Jones' Chapel Cemetery, where a fine monument
marks his grave.
Samuel McCurdy, a son of David McCurdy, Sr.,
was born in Pike township, Jan. 11, 1840, and lives
on the old farm and homestead, where his father
died. His residence (built by his father) is the first
brick house built in the township. Samuel McCurdy
is one of the wealthiest men in Pike township ; is
extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising.
He owns six hundred and thirty acres of excellent
land, and has built two miles of gravel road at his
own expense. He is a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church.
John B. Harman, born in Virginia, emigrated
thence to Kentucky, thence to Bartholomew County,
Ind., and in 1821 came with a wife and two children
to Pike township, and settled in the north part of the
township, west of Eagle Creek, on the farm now
owned by Samuel Hornaday. In 1829 he was
assessed on the northeast quarter of section 15,
township 17, range 2. In 1837 he sold out, and
removed to Boone County. His wife was Mary
Findley, to whom he was married in 1817, and they
became the parents of six sons and two daughters.
After his arrival here he traded with the Indians,
and was on friendly terms with them while they re-
mained in this region, but afterwards he saw some-
thing, of their hostility. He had served in the war
of 1812, and volunteered for service in the Black
Hawk war of 1832, in which he became a captain.
At one time, at the close of a very fatiguing march,
he, with about thirty-five men who were with him,
was attacked by the savages, and all were killed ex-
cept himself and one other man, who escaped by
leaving their horses and swimming a swollen stream.
Capt. Harman died in Boone County in June, 1860.
James Delong was one of the earliest settlers in
Pike. He came here in 1822, first settling in the
northern part of the township, and in 1823 he
bought out Elijah Standridge, on the east side of
Eagle Creek, two miles south of Trader's Point.
The farm (two hundred and fourteen acres of excel-
lent land) is now owned by Jacob Delong, his second
son, who was born on the farm, and has lived on it
sixty years, this being the longest continuous residence
of any man in the township.
Chesley Ray, Sr., a native of North Carolina, came
to Pike township in the winter of 1822-23, and set-
tled with his family (wife and two children) on land
now owned by Amos Smith, east of Eagle Creek.
Soihe years afterwards he bought an eighty-acre
tract, now land of William Jennings. He was
also owner of several other farms at diiferent times.
He moved to Illinois, and died there in 1869, in his
seventy-first year. He had five children, — three
sons and two daughters. His first wife was the
second adult person who died in this township, in
May, 1826.
Joseph Staton was a Virginian by birth (born in
1796), was married in 1818 to Cidna Tarns, and in
1823 came with his family (wife and three children)
to settle in Pike, on Staton's Creek, — their nearest
neighbor then being three miles distant. Mr. Staton
died at the age of sixty-six years, two months, and
fifteen days. He raised four sons and four daughters.
His eldest two sons, Reuben and Washington Staton,
own the lands on which their father and mother settled
sixty years ago.
George Haines, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania,
moved in his youth to Kentucky, and came to Pike
township in October, 1824, settling on the farm after-
wards owned by Ira Hollingsworth. After a few
years he moved to Missouri. He had seven sons and
four daughters, and raised them all. His son George
was famed as the largest man in this township, being
six feet seven inches high. Another son, Absalom,
now approaching his threescore and ten years, has
600
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
lived in Marion County almost continuously for nearly
sixty years.
Abraham McCorkle was a native of Fleming
County, Ky. He came to this township in 1824,
and entered one hundred and twenty acres of land on
the west side of Eagle Creek, in the western part of
the township. On this tract he built a cabin, and in
1825 (October 26th), with his wife and child, com-
menced housekeeping in the woods of this part of
the township. He was one of the original members
of Jones' Chapel (Methodist Episcopal Church), and
donated the ground for the meeting-house and ceme-
tery.
Hon. Robert B. Duncan came to this township in
1824 (when but a lad), and lived with his brother-in-
law, William C. Robinson, and also with his uncle,
John Duncan. In 1827 he left, and went to the then
village of Indianapolis to educate himself He lived
with James M. Ray, and worked for his board while
at school. His subsequent career is too well known
to the people of the county to need extended mention
here.
David Wilson, Sr., was born in Pennsylvania in
1801. In 1825 he came to Indiana and settled in
this township, on the west side of Eagle Creek, on
the land now owned and occupied by Thomas Parker.
He owned several other tracts of land in the town-
ship. His wife was Annie Railsback, and they
raised thirteen children, eight sons and five daugh-
ters. David Wilson at one time owned a saw-mill
and grist-mill, and carried on the milling busi-
ness quite extensively for a number of years. He
died Nov. 30, 1853, and was buried on his farm.
His widow is still living, and is eighty years old.
She was one of the original members of Ebenezer
Christian Church, and is now a faithful Christian,
holding her membership in one of the Christian
Churches at Indianapolis, where she lives with her
children. Her house was the preachers' home while
she lived in Pike township.
John C. Hume was born in 1790 in Harrisburg,
Pa., whence he removed with his father to the State
of New York in 1804. After a time he engaged in
the occupation of civil engineer, and as such laid out
the plat of the city of Rochester, N. Y. He was
married in 1813 to Martha Rodman, in New York,
and in 1815 he removed to Washington County, Ind.,
where he resided until 1821 or 1822, when he took
up his residence in Marion County. He located
where the city of Indianapolis now stands, which
place at that time contained but a half-dozen log
cabins. He was among the first settlers of the
county. He served fourteen years as Justice of the
peace, seven years as probate judge of Marion County,
and four years as circuit judge of McLean County,
111., to which State he removed in 1837. After the
expiration of his term of office in Illinois he returned
to this township, where he lived uninterruptedly until
his death.
Stephen Gullefer, a Virginian by birth, came to
Pike township in 1827. In 1829 he was assessed
on the northwest quarter of section 7, township 16,
range 3. His son, Aaron Gullefer, was born in the
Shenandoah Valley, Va., in 1796 ; emigrated with
his father to Ohio ; thence to Wayne County, Ind.,
in 1821 ; thence moved to Pike township in 1827.
He owned lauds on Little Eagle Creek, near Bethel
Methodist Episcopal Church, and elsewhere in the
township. The farm he lived on is now owned by
Henry Gullefer and Jacob Heine. Aaron Gullefer
was married in 1821 to Lydia Hollingsworth. They
had three sons and three daughters. Mr. Gullefer
died in 1852.
Joseph Loftin, Sr., was a North Carolinian by
birth. He emigrated thence to Wayne township,
Marion Co., about 1826. In 1830 he moved from
Wayne to the northeast part of Pike township, and
settled on lands which are now owned by the Loftin
family, and the homestead farm occupied by Joseph
Loftin's youngest son. He had ten children, five
sons and five daughters. Three of the sons became
physicians. The eldest, Hon. Sample Loftin, has
been treasurer of Marion County. Joseph Loftin,
Jr., a native of Wayne township, and now fifty-six
years of age, is one of the most prominent men of*
Pike township. He was township assessor for about
fourteen years, trustee for two years, and in 1882
was elected county commissioner. He was engaged
in school -teaching for a number of years, and taught
the first school at the school-house called Poplar Cot-
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
601
tage, a aame given to it by him because it was a
very low building of poplar logs. Mr. Loftin is
active in politics, and bears the reputation of being
one of the best-informed men in the county on
political matters.
Nicholas Hightshue was born in Germany in
179-1, and settled in Maryland in 1805. From there
he moved to Perry County, Ohio, and in 1829, with
his wife and five children, settled in the northwest
corner of Pike township. They raised seven chil-
dren, two sons and five daughters, all of whom are
still living. Nicholas Hightshue served through
the war of 1812. He was one of the original mem-
bers of Ebenezer Christian Church, and served as an
elder for many years. He died in 1858, and his
wife in 1859.
The Hollingsworth and Klingensmith families were
the most numerous of any in Pike township. There
were twenty-four HoUingsworths and twenty-two
Klingensmiths, voters, on the registry roll at one time
in 1865-66. The HoUingsworths were Republicans
and the Klingensmiths Democrats. The HoUings-
worths were members of the Christian and Meth-
odist Churches, while the Klingensmiths were mostly
members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Zephaniah Hollingsworth was born in South Caro-
lina, near Cliarleston, on the 6th of September, 1787,
and was married to Polly Bayley on the 12th of Oc-
tober, 1806. In May, 1807, he, with his wife and
son, George D. (who was then only six weeks oldj,
emigrated to Montgomery County, Ohio. Polly rode
a pack-horse, carrying her babe, and their bedding
and wearing apparel, the distance being nearly six
hundred miles. They remained in Ohio until May,
1828. They settled in this township, on Little
Eagle Creek, near Bethel Methodist Episcopal
Church, on the land now owned by W. H. Broug-
hard. They reared five children, — three sons and
two daughters, — who all lived to maturity. Only
two are now alive, — the oldest son, George D. Hol-
lingsworth, and the daughter Jane.
George Hollingsworth, b9rn near Charleston, S. C,
in 1801, emigrated at the age of six years, with his
father to Ohio, and in 1819 moved thence to Ran-
dolph County, Ind., from which place he came to
Pike township. His name appears, with that of
Zephaniah Hollingsworth, on the assessment-roll of
the township for 1829, but neither of them were
then assessed on any real estate. Both paid poll-
taxes in the township in that year, and Zephaniah
Hollingsworth was assessed on two horses. The
lands on which George Hollingsworth settled were
located on Little Eagle Creek, and he built a saw-
mill on that stream, which was one of the early mills
of the township. He died in 1860, having reared a
family of ten children, of which the youngest is Syl-
vanus Hollingsworth, who was born in this township,
and now lives on the farm on which he was raised.
He is engaged in farming and stock-raising, and is
regarded as one of the leading agriculturists of the
township.
Joseph Klingensmith, Samuel Rodebaugh, and
Peter Anthony came to Pike township with their
families (each having a wife and four children) in
1829. They were from Western Pennsylvania, and
passed down the Ohio River with their families and
household goods on a flat-boat to Cincinnati, where
they disembarked, sold their boat, and finished their
journey to this township by wagons, arriving in the
early part of August in the year named. Joseph
Klingensmith settled near where New Augusta
Station now is, on the land now owned by Simon
Klingensmith, his second sou. Samuel Rodebaugh
settled east and south of the centre of the township,
on the land now owned by Joseph Rodebaugh.
Peter Anthony settled near the centre of the town-
ship, on the farm known as the Daniel Meyers farm.
Of this party of early settlers, but two who were
then adults are now living, — Esther Klingensmith,
who is eighty years old, and lives on the old farm,
with her son Simon ; Sally, wife of Samuel Rode-
baugh, is also one of the survivors, is eighty-one
years old, and lives on the old farm with her young-
est son, Joseph Rodebaugh.
Simon Rodebaugh, son of Samuel and Sally Rode-
baugh, was born in Pennsylvania, and was nine years
old when his parents came to this country. He lives
in the eastern part of the township, on some of the
laud his father entered. He owns three hundred
and fifteen acres of good land, is a good farmer, and
602
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
is somewhat extensively engaged in the business of
stock-raising.
Joseph Klingensmith, Jr., was a native of Penn-
sylvania. He came to this township in 1835, and
entered one hundred and sixty acres of land in the
eastern part of the township, and just south of the
centre east and west. His oldest son, Oliver, now owns
and occupies the land. He is a good farmer, and is
extensively engaged in the manufacture of drain-tile.
He ran the first tile-mill in the township ; is treas-
urer of the Marion County tile-maker organization.
He has also been engaged quite extensively in the
saw-mill business.
Emanuel Meichal came to Marion County in 1828,
and first located in Wayne township. In 1833 he
came to Pike, and settled between one and two miles
northeast of Old Augusta, on the Michigan road.
He is a North Carolinan by birth, is now seventy-four
years old, and has lived in this township for half a
century, except about two years when he resided in
Hamilton County.
Wesley Marklin came to this county from North
Carolina in November, 1832, and settled on the north
line of Pike township, east of Eagle Creek. His wife
was Margaret Green, to whom he was married in
1832. They have raised one son and three daughters,
and have lived together as man and wife, more than
fifty-one years. He is now seventy-four, and his wife
sixty-seven years old. He has been a great hunter,
and some have called him the Daniel Boone of Pike
township.
Thomas Burns was an early settler in Pike. He
owned a large farm in the southwestern part of the
township, and in connection with Jedediah Read, one
of his neighbors, carried on the first tan-yard in this
township. He was an enterprising man and a good
farmer. The farm on which he lived is now owned j
and occupied by his grandsons, Thomas and Oliver
Reveal. They are energetic and enterprising citizens,
and are extensively engaged in farming.
A. B. Smock was a son of Peter Smock, who came
to this township in 1826, and bought eighty acres of
land near the centre of the township, on what is now
the Zionsville and Pike township gravel road. The
land is now owned by Newton Pollard. A. B. Smock
served during the Mexican war in the Fourth Indiana
Regiment. He also volunteered in the late war of
the Rebellion in Capt. Black's company. Sixty-third
Regiment Indiana Volunteers. He has at different
times been extensively engaged in the saw-mill busi-
ness, is now a retired farmer, is sixty-three years old,
and the only Mexican soldier living in the township.
Thomas B. Jones came from Franklin County,
Ind., to Marion County in 1824. He was married
to Jane Speer, daughter of Robert Speer, Sr., Jan.
18, 1826, by Jeremiah Corbaley, Esq., of Wayne
township, where they then resided. In the spring
of 1826 they moved to this township and built a
cabin on the west side of Eagle Creek, one-quarter
of a mile southwest of where Jones Chapel (Meth-
odist JCpiscopal Church) now stands. They raised
eight children (six daughters and two sons), of which
four daughters and the two sons are still living.
Aunt Jane Jones, as she is called, is still living, and
makes her home with her son, J. T. Jones, west of
Clermont. She is in her seventy-ninth year, is a
regular attendant at church, and has been for sixty-
five years. She is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church.
Craig Jones was a native of Kentucky. He came
to Marion County in 1821 and lived with his brother,
John B. Jones, in Wayne township, near old Union
Christian Church. He was married to Sally Speer
Sept. 30, 1830, and in October following they settled
in Pike township, on the east side of Eagle Creek, on
the farm now owned by the Davenport heirs. They
lived there thirty-two years; then went to Iowa, lived
there seven years, came back to Indiana, and settled
in Hendricks County. Mr. Jones died July 7, 1880.
They had no children of their own, but raised several
orphans. Aunt Sally, as she is called, is now living
in Clermont, Wayne township. She is now in her
seventy second year, and has been a member of the
Christian Church for fifty-six years.
Jonathan Ingo came to this township in 1829 with
George Coble, and settled near the site of Old Au-
gusta. The farm was afterwards owned by David
Boardman and Thomas Council, and is now owned
by Mr. Collins.
Seth Rodebaugh, son of Christopher Rodebaugh,
yj^j^'<^^7^^to
'cn-K^
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
603
was born in Pennsylvania in 1796, and was raised by
his uncle, Adam Rodebaugh, who came to Ohio in
an early day. He was married to Mary Hollings-
worth July 9, 1817, and in March, 1818, moved to
Randolph County, Ind. In 1825 he, with his wife
and four children, came to Marion County, and settled
in Pike township, on Little Eagle Creek, on the farm
now owned and occupied by Jacob Meyers. Rode-
baugh sold to Meyers in 1844 or 1845, and went
West. He died during the " Border RuflBan War"
in Kansas. His wife and children remained in this
township, Mrs. Rodebaugh living with her children,
of whom she had eight, six daughters and two sons.
She is now living with her daughter, Mrs. Laycock.
She is eighty-five years of age, the oldest person in
the township.
Daniel Cooper was born in Virginia in 1793, and
moved to Ohio with his father in 1809. He served
in the war of 1812, and in 1830 came to Indiana and
settled in the northwestern part of Pike township, on
Fishback Creek. He served as justice of the peace
for several years, and was a school teacher of some
prominence in the early day of the township. The
farm of Daniel Cooper is now owned by Elijah Cooper.
Samuel Cooper, of Perry County, Ohio, a carpenter
by trade, came to this township in 1830, and entered
eighty acres of land in the northwest corner of the
township on the Lafayette road. Fishback Creek
runs through the land he entered. In 1831 he, with
his wife (Elizabeth Moore, to whom he was married
in December, 1827) and two children, moved to his
land, where a cabin was soon erected, and they were
at home in the woods. They raised eleven children
who lived to maturity, seven sons and four daughters.
Aunt Betsey, as she is called, still lives, at seventy-
five years of age, on the farm they entered. Mr.
Cooper died April 1, 1864.
John Moore, a son of John Moore, Sr., was born
in Perry County, Ohio, June 9, 1816, and came to
Indiana in 1832. He settled in Pike township, on
the farm now owned and occupied by Pluman Reck.
Mr. Moore now resides in the southwestern part of
the township, on the west side of Eagle Creek. He
owns a farm of over three hundred acres, which he
has acquired by his own industry and economy. He
is extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising.
He has served as inspector of elections for thirty-five
or forty years, and is an elder in the Presbyterian
Church at Clermont.
Enoch Reade was born in Jackson County, Ohio,
in 1814, and in 1828, with his father's family, came
to Hendricks County, near Plainfield, where he lived
until 1831. In August of that year they came to
Marion County, and settled in Pike township, where
Marion Wiley now lives. He was married to Ruth
Hume, daughter of J. C. Hume, Oct. 16, 1834, and
in 1837 moved to Illinois with a number of other
early settlers of this township. He remained in
Illinois five years, then returned to this township,
and settled on the farm where A. P. Wiley now re-
sides. He raised five children, who are still living.
Mr. Reade is now and has been for a number of
years living on the Lafayette road.
Alexander Felton came to Pike township Sept. 2,
1832, and settled on the fiirm now owned by Leander
Felton. He taught school the following winter in a
house owned by Zephaniah Hollingsworth, in his own
yard, used for loom-house, etc. For many years
afterwards, during the winter, he taught in difi"erent
places, working on the farm in summer. He was an
advocate of temperance and freedom for all races and
color, standing up for the anti-slavery cause when
it cost something to do so. He did not, however,
live to see the liberation of the slaves. He died
Sept. 2, 1854. His widow died Feb. 17, 1883, at
eighty years of age, having lived fifty-one years on
the old homestead.
John Bowers was a son of David Bowers, Sr.,
born in Dearborn County, Ind., Aug. 28, 1818.
He came to this township in 1833, and settled on
land, now the G. W. Aston farm, on the Michigan
road. John Bowers was married to Elizabeth Gullefer
Oct. 27, 1844. They had five children, — three sons
and two daughters, — who are all living in this vicin-
ity on good farms, to which they were assisted by
the liberality of their parents.
Mr. Bowers was one of the early school-teachers
of this township when the qualifications required of
a teacher were a knowledge of spelling, reading,
writing, and ciphering to the single rule of three,
604
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
but his qualifications exceeded those of the ordinary
teacher, for he was master of the arithmetic that was
then used in the schools. Mr. Bowers owns and oc-
cupies the land entered by Allen Harbert and Wil-
liam Groves in the southeast centre of the town-
ship,— one hundred and eighty acres of good land.
He is a model farmer and stock-raiser ; is an exem-
plary member of the Methodist Church, in which he
has held several positions, having acted as class-
leader the most of the time for the last forty years.
John Miller, son of William Miller, a Revolution-
ary soldier, was born in Fleming County, Ky., in
1801, and was married to Cynthia Wilson, Feb. 23,
1828. He came to Indiana in September, 1833, and
settled in this township, half a mile northwest of
where the village of Trader's Point now stands. He
is the only man in this township living on the land
which he entered from government. He and his
wife have lived together fifty-five years and raised
six children. Mr. Miller is eighty-three years of
age, and the oldest man in the township. His wife
is seventy-two years old. Mr. Miller has been a
member of the Christian Church nearly sixty-eight
years, and his wife fifty-eight years in the same
church with her husband.
Isaac N. Cotton (a son of John Cotton, who came
to this township in May, 1838) was born in Wayne
County, Ind., in 1830. He now owns and lives on
the farm of his father. He is an excellent farmer,
raises fine- wool sheep, is quite extensively engaged in
raising bees, and is the president of the Indiana State
Bee-Keepers' Association. He is also a member of
the Swine-Breeders' and Wool-Growers' Association
of the State of Indiana. He attended the Marion
County Seminary from 1849 to 1851, crossed the
plains with an ox-team in 1852, and remained in
California two years. After his return to this county
he engaged in school-teaching in the winter season
and farming in the summer. He was at one time
township clerk ; was revenue assessor for the three
north townships of Marion County ; represented the
county in the State Legislature in 1859, and was
elected again in 1880.
William P. Long was a native of Hamilton
County, Ohio, whence he came with his father, Daniel
Long, to Indiana in February, 1832, and settled in
Rush County. In February, 1848, he was married
to Sarah D. Rees, and on April 1, in the same year,
came to Pike, and settled in the southwest corner of
the township, on the farm entered by James San-
dusky. He is one of the elders of the Christian
Church at Clermont, is a good farmer and citizen,
and takes a great interest in the educational interests
of the township. He has been inspector of elections
at different times, and was captain of a company of
the Indiana Legion during the war of the Rebellion.
John W. Riley was born in Maryland in 1830,
and in 1835 came to Marion County, Ind., with his
father, Samuel J. Riley, and settled on Fall Creek.
From there he moved with his parents to Perry
township in 1836, and settled in the western part of
the township, on the east side of White River.
In the war of the Rebellion he served two years as
first lieutenant in the Ninth Indiana Cavalry, and in
the battle of Sulphur Trestle, Ala., he (with a
detachment of one hundred and eighty-five men) was
taken prisoner. He was commissioned captain by
Governor Morton in the Indiana Legion. After the
war Captain Riley returned to his farm in Perry
township and remained there until 1869, when he
moved to Pike township and bought a farm on the
Michigan road, one and a half miles north of Old
Augusta. He now owns over four hundred acres of
good land, is a prosperous farmer, and somewhat en-
gaged in raising graded short-horn cattle. He was a
charter member of Hosbrook Lodge, F. and A. M.,
and served as Worshipful Master eight years.
The first road that was surveyed and cut out
through this township was the Lafayette road. It
was surveyed and cut out in 1831 and 1832 from
Indianapolis to Lafayette. The next was the Michi-
gan road from Indianapolis to Michigan City ; this
was surveyed by George L. Conard in 1832. Some
of the citizens are still living who helped cut out
these roads. The Lafayette road runs in a north-
westerly direction through the township, and in some
places passed through the swampiest land in the
township. In such places it was " corduroyed," and
in open, wet winters or in the spring this road was
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
605
impassable for teams and wagons, and in those days
it was a great undertaking to go to Indianapolis,
a distance of ten or twelve miles, and often re-
quired two days to make the round trip to mill or
market with a small load. In 1859 to 1862 the
Lafayette road was graded and graveled by Aaron
McCray, Isaac Meyers, John Bowers, and Manning
Voorhes, at a cost of twelve hundred dollars per mile ;
in these four years twelve miles of this road was
graveled, and it was made one of the best thorough-
fares of the county. Since that time the Michigan
road, the Zionsville, and other roads in this township
have been graveled, and there are now about thirty-
five miles of gravel roads in the township, fully half
of which are free roads. Quite an improvement has
been made in the other roads of the township, all the
wet and low places being graded and graveled. In
the summer of 1877 the first iron bridge was built
in this township across Big Eagle Creek, on the
Lafayette road at Trader's Point, at a cost of twelve
thousand dollars.
The first grist-mill of the township was built by
David McCurdy on Big Eagle Creek, at the McCurdy
ford. The next mill of the kind in Pike township
was built by John Trester on Crooked Creek, nearly
one-half mile southeast of Old Augusta, on the farm
now owned by Byron K. Elliott. Lewis Mitchell
built the third grist-mill in 1832, about one mile south
of the site of the village of Trader's Point. The first
saw-mill was built by Henry Groves on Little Eagle
Creek, on the farm known as the Cropper farm.
Harrison Button built the next saw-mill on Fish-
back Creek, on the farm he now owns and occupies.
Other saw-mills were built in this township by Stephen
Gullefer, George Hollingsworth. James McCurdy, and
others. These were all propelled by water-power.
The first steam saw-mill was built by Marchant Kode-
baugh on the Zionsville road, on the northeast corner
of the farm now owned by Ezra Meyers. Rodebaugh
sold out to Jacob Souerwine. The first distillery in
the township was built by David McCurdy, Sr., just
south of the house that Samuel McCurdy now lives
in. This was built about 1827. The second distillery
was built by Joseph Klingensmilh, near the house now
owned and occupied by Simon Klingensmith. The
third distillery in the township was built by Richard
Miller and Gay, and was sometimes called
" Sodom." This was on the bank of Eagle Creek,
just below the McCurdy ford. All of these mills and
distilleries are matters of the past in the history of
Pike township.
The first post-office in this township was named
Piketon, and located at Adam Wright's house, on the
farm now owned and occupied by Zachariah Bush, on
the Lafayette road. The mail was carried on horse-
back from Indianapolis to Lafayette. The mail con-
tractor was a man named Bentley, and his son Joseph
carried the mail for a number of years on this route.
The second postmaster in this part of the township
was Christopher Hines, under whom the office was
removed to the farm now occupied by F. M. Hollings-
worth. Piketon post-office was continued and kept
at Mr. Hines' until 1853, when an office was estab-
lished on the Indianapolis and Lafayette Railroad at
Augusta Station (now New Augusta), and the Pike-
ton office and also the office at Old Augusta were dis-
continued. Mr. Rudicil was the first postmaster at
Augusta Station. The present postmaster there is
Dr. E. Purdy.
Villages. — The oldest village in Pike township is
Old Augusta, situated in the eastern part, near the
Washington township line. The first settlements in
its vicinity were made by George Coble, Sr., and
Jonathan Ingo. George Coble was a native of North
Carolina, who came to this township in 1829. He
entered and settled on one hundred and sixty acres
of land one-quarter of a mile east of where New
Augusta now is, and lived there until his death,
which occurred a few years ago. He was a zealous
member of the Lutheran Church for many years,
and was respected by all his neighbors. He raised a
family of five children, of whom Jeremiah Coble, the
youngest, was born in this township, and now owns
the farm on which his father settled. He has served
eight years and six months as trustee of the town-
ship, and in that position gave satisfaction not only
to his own party, but to his political opponents. He
was a charter member of Hosbrook Lodge, F. and
606
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
A. M. ; has served as its secretary for ten years, and
was re-elected at its last stated communication. He
also holds the same position in the Knights of Honor
at New Augusta. He is a member of the Lutheran
Church.
Old Augusta was laid out in 1832 by David G.
Boardman and James Fee ; and Riley B. Hogshire
built and owned the first dry-goods and grocery-store
that was opened in the place after the town was sur-
veyed. The store was on Washington and Walnut \
Streets, and is now owned and occupied by John |
Darling as a residence. The next who engaged in I
the merchandising business in the place was a Mr.
McCalley, who, in connection with his store, was
licensed to sell whiskey, this being the first licensed '■
place in the town. It was on the west side of the
street, where Joseph Martin's blacksmith-shop now i
stands. The next store was opened by James Evans,
one square south of whei'e Joseph Johnson's store
now stands. Mr. Evans continued in the business
for a number of years, then went to Noblesville, and
was engaged in merchandising there until a few years
ago, when he was elected to Congress. Riley Hog-
shire, Sr., again purchased a large stock of goods,
and carried on the business very successfully for a
number of years, then sold out to his son, Samuel
H. Hogshire, who was also successful in business.
There have been quite a number since that time
engaged in selling goods at Old Augusta. At the
present time there are four stores in the place, the
proprietors being Joseph Johnson, Arthur Wakelin,
Leander Cox, and B. F. Berry.
The first black.smith-sbop in Old Augusta was
opened by Elias Fee, on the east side of the street,
near the centre of the village. He sold out to
Thomas Council, who carried on the business, in con-
nection with that of wagon-making, for a number of
years.
The first physician in the village was Dr. James M.
Blades; the next. Dr. Woodyard. Sample Loftin
(ex-county treasurer) practiced medicine here for
sixteen or seventeen years. George Dusan Was a
resident physician here for a number of years, and
lived where Mr. Stucker now resides. Dr. Almond
Loftin practiced medicine here for ten or fifteen years.
Dr. E. Purdy was located here in practice at one
time, and is now at New Augusta. The last physi-
cian of this village was Dr. Sanford Hornaday, who
was a graduate of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons at Indianapolis. Dr. Hornaday moved West
in the early part of 1883, and settled in Winfield,
The first church built here was by the Methodists.
The second was built in 1845 or 1846 by the Chris-
tian congregation. The first school here was taught
in 1832 by a Kentuckian named Lynch, in a cabin
just north of the town, on the north side of Crooked
Creek, owned by a man named Lakin. The next
school taught in this vicinity was by David G. Board-
man, in a cabin on the land belonging to Elias Fee.
At that time the cabin stood about one-quarter of a
mile southwest of the village, where the orchard is
on the Adam Rodebaugh farm. Old Augusta is now
a place of little importance, having been eclipsed by
the newer town of Hosbrook, which enjoys the
advantage of railway communication.
The village of Hosbrook (otherwise known as New
Augusta) is on the old Lafayette and Indianapolis
Railroad, ten miles northwest of Indianapolis. It was
laid out in 1852 by William Hornaday, who was
administrator of the estate of Christopher Hornaday,
deceased, on which estate the town was laid out.
The railway-station and post-oflBce established at
that place bore the name of Augusta Station. The
first postmaster was Ephraim Rudacil, who was suc-
ceeded by Joseph Klingensmith. The oflfice re-
mained in the Klingensmith family the most of the
time until 1882, when Dr. Ephraim Purdy was
appointed and is still the postmaster. The name of
the office was changed in 1878 to New Augusta.
The first store at this place was owned by Thomas
Council & Son. Soon after Council's store was
opened, Ephraim Rudacil and Jacob and Simon
Klingensmith built a large store and warehouse, and
did a large business in selling goods and buying and
shipping grain. Rudacil sold out to Joseph Kling-
ensmith, Sr., after which the firm continued in the
grain and merchandising business for a number of
years and then sold out. The business afterwards
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
607
passed into the hands of Reuben Klingensmith, who
dropped the grain business but continued the store
trade until 1879, when he closed out his stock of
goods at private sale and retired to his farm. The
two stores of the village are now carried on by George
Avery, Robert Avery, and Marshall HoUingsworth.
There is also a drug-store, owned by Nelson Kling-
ensmith.
Dr. Ephraim Purdy was the first resident phy-
sician and surgeon of the town, and he is still here
in practice. Dr. W. B. McDonald, who is also in
practice here, is a graduate of the Indiana Medical
College. He served three and a half years at the
City Hospital in Indianapolis, the last two years as
superintendent. He located at New Augusta in
1877. Dr. George Coble, who graduated at the
Indiana Medical College in 1882, is located at New
Augusta and associated with Dr. McDonald.
In 1872, Henry and William Pollard built a large
flou ring-mill at this place, and afterwards added a
saw-mill to the establishment. The flour-mill and
two saw-mills are now owned by William H. Neid-
linger. Besides what has already been mentioned,
the village contains three churches (Methodist
Episcopal, Evangelical Lutheran, and Christian),
several mechanic shops and trades, three lodges of
secret benevolent societies, and about two hundred
inhabitants.
Ho.^brook Lodge, No. 473, F. and A. M., was
organized June 7, 1873, with the following-named
officers : John W. Riley, W. M. ; Joseph F. Trow-
bridge, S. W. ; F. M. HoUingsworth, J. W. ; Ste-
phen Gullefer, Treas. ; Jeremiah Coble, Sec. ; Jesse
Dun, S. D. ; Joseph Loftin, J. D. ; John S. McClain,
Tiler. The lodge owns property valued at one
thousand dollars.
Augusta Lodge, No. 511, I. 0. 0. F., at New Au-
gusta, was organized Nov. 18, 1875, by Grand Sec. B.
F. Foster, with T. J. Dawson, D. R. Walker, Henry
M. Hessong, G. W. Bass, Peter Smith, W. H.
Neidlinger, Jasper N. Guion, Allen Avery, Jonathan
A. Guion, Henry Lowman, R. S. HoUingsworth,
Perry Hanes, and C. H. Felton as charter members.
The first oiEcers were T. J. Dawson, N. G. ; William
H. Neidlinger, V. G. ; D. R. Walker, Per. Sec. ; J.
A. Guion, Rec. Sec; G. W. Bass, Treas. The
present officers are Wyatt Farrington, N. G. ; A.
V. Lewis, V. G. ; G. N. Gullefer, Rec. Sec. ; W. H.
Neidlinger, Per. Sec. ; Perry Haines, Treas.
Knights of Honor Lodge, No. 176, at New Au-
gusta, was chartered Oct. 20, 1875, with Ephraim
Miller, Jacob Miller, William Meyers, I. S. McClain,
B. F. Abrams, John Coble, Volney Kenney, Samuel
Coble, J. M. Neidlinger, D. C. Kindrey, W. H.
Neidlinger, and J. N. Harden as charter members.
Its first officers were J. N. Harden, D. ; William
Meyers, V. D. ; J. McClain, P. D. ; B. F. Abrams,
A. D. ; W. H. Neidlinger, R. ; E. Miller, F. R. ;
John Coble, Treas. ; Volney Kenney, G. ; D. C.
Kendrey, G. ; Samuel Coble, Chap. Its present
officers are Jeremiah Coble, D. ; S. Klingensmith,
V. D. ; B. F. Abrams, A. D. ; W. D. McDonald,
R. ; W. H. Neidlinger, F. R. ; Henry Dobson, Treas. ;
F. M. Mathes, P. D. ; James Nelson, I. G. ; Samuel
Coble, 0. G. ; John Hessong, Chap. The present
total membership is twenty-six. The lodge owns
property worth six hundred dollars.
The village of Trader's Point was laid out by
John Jennings and Josiah Coughran in 1864. They
erected a flour-mill, with four run of burrs,— three
for wheat and one for corn. It was at first a water-
mill, with a raceway nearly three-quarters of a mile
long, and cost, with water privilege, machinery, and
construction, about thirty thousand dollars. The
mill was run to its full capacity for several years as
a grist- and merchant-mill. In 1868 or 1869, Mr.
Jennings sold out his interest to his partner, Mr.
Coughran, who continued to run the mill until the
panic of 1873, when Mr. John Irick bought the mill
at assignees' sale, and afterwards sold it to James
Skillen, of Indianapolis, who ran the mill for a few
years, after which it fell back to the Irick estate, and
in 1881 John Jennings again became the owner.
He remodeled it, put it in good repair, and sold it
to Mr. Coffin, of Indianapolis, who sold it in the fall
of 1883 to a Mr. Jennings, of Kokomo, who is pre-
paring to put it again operation.
The first store in Trader's Point was opened by
Clark Jennings, who did a good business. He was
608
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
followed by John Ray, who sold out to Lewis
Wiley, Wiley to Harry Morris, he to James Kirlin
(one of the oldest merchants in this county), and
Kirlin to J. B. Gossett, who did a good business for
a number of years, and finally sold out and went to
Kansas.
The second store building was erected by John
Jennings, Chesley Ray, and the Rural Lodge, I. O.
0. F., in 1873. This store did a prosperous busi-
ness, and in 1874, Ray bought Jennings' interest in
the store, and now carries on the business. He is
also the postmaster of Trader's Point.
The first blacksmith at Trader's Point was Presley
Jennings. Lewis Gass is now running the shop
started by Jennings. Another shop is carried on by
James Wells. A cooper-shop was started here by
Alfred Parker, who followed the business for a
number of years.
The first physician to locate here was a young man
from Ohio named Howard. The present physician is
Dr. Lewis 0. Carson, who came in May, 1877. He
is a graduate of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of Indianapolis, is also a graduate of the Medi-
cal College of Indiana, and of the medical depart-
ment of Butler University. He has a lucrative
practice, and is a successful physician and surgeon.
Rural Lodge, No. 416, I. 0. 0. F., of Trader's
Point, was instituted on the 22d of May, 1873, with
Christian Lang, James Troutman, W. R. Clinton,
Nelson Starkey, A. B. Smock, A. D. Huls, John R.
Wilson, Lewis Parker, John Caldwell, Enoch Reade,
John H. Reade, James A. Davenport, G. W. Howard,
J. F. Hickey, Isaiah Voris, and A. B. Conarroe as
charter members. The first regular meeting was held
at their hall on the 10th of June, 1873, at which
time ofiBcers were installed as follows : Christopher
Long, N. G. ; W. R. Clinton, V. G. ; J. F. Hickey,
Sec. ; G. W. Howard, Per. Sec. ; A. B. Conarroe,
Treas. The hall is twenty-one by fifty feet in size,
valued at one thousand dollars. The lodge has now
eleven members and the following-named officers :
John Caldwell, N. G. ; A. S. Huls, V. G. ; A. D.
Huls, Sec. ; Harrison Hollingsworth, Treas.
Pleasant Hill Methodist Episcopal Church. —
The first meetings of the citizens in the northwestern
part of the township for worship were at the residences
of J. C. Hume and Orlos Babcock. Mr. Hume then
lived on the south end of the farm now owned by
Samuel Hornaday. The meetings were conducted
generally by a Rev. Bramble, who was a local Methodist
preacher. In 1828, Abraham Busenbarick donated
one acre of land at the southeast corner of his farm
(opposite the residence of David Delong) on which
to build a school- and meeting-house. It was built
and named Pleasant Hill, and the charge was then
added to the Danville Circuit, and Joseph Tarkington
was the first circuit preacher who preached in this
township. The original members of this pioneer
church were John C. Hume, Patty Hume, Mrs.
Rodman (mother of Judge Rodman), John and
Mary Rodman, James Brazilton and wife, Orlos Bab-
cock, and Jemima Babcock. The Rev. Bramble con-
tinued to preach for this church for some years, in
connection with the preachers of the circuit. Joseph
Tarkington remained with the church for two years,
and was succeeded by the Rev. E. Farmer, who re-
mained for the years 1830-31. The Rev. Charles
Bonner was on this circuit for the year 1832, and
was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Bonner for 1833.
The Rev. Asa Beck was assigned to this circuit for
the years 1834—35. He was succeeded by Isaac
Welsh and John Edwards for the year 1836. Heze-
kiah Smith was assigned to this circuit in 1837, and
remained in 1838. He was followed by Enoch
Wood and Wesley Dorsey, 1839-40 ; Miles Hufacre
and James L. Belot, 1841-42 ; Daniel F. Straight
and Jacob Meyers, 1843-44 ; Robert Calvert, 1845-
46. This is as far as the names of the preachers
have been ascertained.
The congregation continued to meet at the old
building until 1853, when they built a new meeting-
house on the farm of Silas White, Sr., just south of
his residence, on the west bank of Eagle Creek, and
called it Pleasant Hill Church. The first Sunday-
school was held in this part of the township in 1830,
at the residence of James Duncan, on the Lafayette
road (where Nelson McCurdy now lives), a quarter of
a mile north of Trader's Point. The school was con-
ducted by James M. Ray, of Indianapolis. The first
Sunday-school was organized in the old Pleasant Hill
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
609
school- and meeting-house, and John Alford, Sr., was
superintendent for a number of years.
The Pleasant Hill Church is still an organization,
but meets at Brooks' Methodist Episcopal Chapel at
Trader's Point, the old Pleasant Hill Church having
been replaced by a new church at the Point, built in
1873, for the better accommodation of its members.
The history of this church was given by Silas White,
Sr., who came to this township in 1828, on the 26th
of November. He is now seventy-nine years of age,
and has been a regular attendant at church for fifty-
two years.
Jones Chapel, Methodist Episcopal Church. —
The first meeting of this organization was held at
Thomas B. Jones' house in 1828, and conducted by
Joseph Tarkington, who was then on this circuit.
The names of the members in the first organization
were Thomas B. Jones, Jane Jones, Polly Jones,
John Jones, Mary Jones, James M. Jones, Jemima
Jones, Sarah Jones, A. B. McCorkle, Nancy Mc-
Corkle, David McCurdy, Mary A. McCurdy, Stacy
Starkey, Margaret Starkey, Margaret Wilson, Susan
Plummer, William Davis, Jane Davis, Richard Douty,
Alexis Jackson, Mary Jackson, Benjamin Morning,
Margaret Morning, Charles Tomlinson, Edna Tom-
linson, Mary Tomlinson, Nancy Davis, Sarah Parish,
Margaret McCall, Elizabeth Coughran.
The preachers to the JoneS Chapel congregation
were tho.se of the circuit and some local preachers,
and are named, as nearly as they can be ascertained,
in the history of the Pleasant Hill Methodist Epis-
copal Church, to which reference may be had. The
church was built on a tract of two acres, donated by
Abraham McCorkle for that purpose and for a burial-
ground. The first person interred in that ground was
Jemima Jones.
Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church was first
organized by holding meetings at Robert Ramsey's
(where James C. Meyers now lives), and at Abram
Wells' residence (where Leander Felton now lives).
The original members were Robert Ramsey, Jane
Ramsey, Abram Wells, Nancy Wells, Samuel Ewing,
Sarah Ewing, Fanny Felton, Nancy Felton, Stephen
Gullcfer, and Betsey GuUefer. The first preacher who
preached for this class was the Rev. Bramble. All
the Methodist Episcopal Churches of this township
were in the Danville Circuit, and all had the same
circuit riders. The list of preachers is given in the
history of Pleasant Hill Methodist Episcopal Church.
In 1832, Aaron GuUefer donated land for a meet-
ing-house, and Zephaniah HoUingsworth gave land
for cemetery purposes. Matilda Starkey was the first
person buried in this ground, in June, 1832. Stephen
GuUefer, Sr., was the second person buried here, in
July, 1832. The first sermon preached in the meet-
ing-house was at the funeral of Stephen GuUefer, Sr.,
by the Rev. John Klinger. Soon after the comple-
tion of the church a Sunday-school was organized,
and is still one of the best organizations in the town-
ship. Stephen GuUefer is the present superintendent.
In 1832 the Washingtonian Temperance Society was
organized here, with Samuel Frazier, Leonard West,
Samuel Ewing, and others as leaders of the organi-
zation.
This organization was maintained for several years,
when the Sons of Temperance was organized, with
Samuel Frazier as leader of this organization, which
was kept up for several years.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Old Au-
gusta was organized in 1833 by Rev. Thomas Brown,
who was on the circuit at that time, but meetings
had been held prior to that in the cabins of James
Fee, Ellas Fee, and Michael Mitchell. The first
preachers who met with the early settlers here were
Bramble and White. When the meeting- house was
built the Rev. Thomas Brown preached the dedi-
catory sermon. The first members in the church
were James Fee, Nellie Fee, Elias Fee, Mary Fee,
Samuel Fee, Simon Boardman, Margaret Boardman,
Thomas Bonner and wife, Esther Bowers, James
Hubbard (who is still living in Washington township
at the age of ninety-nine years), Nancy Hubbard.
A. G. Boardman and John Bowers became members
soon after the church was organized. The same
preachers were employed here that preached at Pleas-
ant Hill Methodist Episcopal Church. There was a
Sunday-school soon afterwards organized, with Samuel
Fee as superintendent, and an attendance of twenty
scholars. Mr. Fee was succeeded as superintendent
by A. G. Boardman in 1837. He continued in that
610
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
capacity while the church and school remained at Old
Augusta, which was till about 1871, when, for the
better convenience of members, a new house was built
at New Augusta, and the organization was transferred
to that place.
North liberty Christian Church was organized
in May, 1841, by the Rev. Thomas Lockhart, who is
now in his eighty-ninth year and is still preaching.
The officers of the church were Samuel Frazier
and Leonard West, elders, and James Haines and
Isom Lawrence, deacons. The original members of
the church were Asa HoUingsworth, Susannah Hol-
lingsworth, Ira HoUingsworth, Deborah HoUings-
worth, Jonathan HoUingsworth, Kuhn HoUingsworth,
Daniel HoUingsworth, Emily HoUingsworth, Samuel
Frazier, Martha Frazier, James Haines, Mary Haines,
Allison Pollard, Mary Pollard, Thomas Turley, Mary
A. Turley, John Fox and wife, William Draper and
wife, Mary Draper, Mrs. Avery, wife of Andrew
Avery, Constantine Evans and wife, Leonard West,
Anna West, Harrison Denny, George L. Sanders and
wife, Martha Finney, Amanda Jones, William
Starkey, Nancy Starkey, Rebecca Kemple, Elizabeth
Hawkins. These are the names as far as can be had
from memory of the first organization. Daniel Hol-
lingsworth and wife, Thomas Turley and wife, Samuel
Frazier, Rebecca Cropper, and Deborah HoUings-
worth, who were original members of this church, are
still living.
The formation of this church (which was one of
the strongest Christian Churches in Central Indiana)
was the result of a protracted meeting which was held
in May, 1841, at Bell's school-house at night, and in
the woods by day for eighteen days. The meeting
was held by Thomas Lockhart, assisted by Jefferson
Matlock, both of Hendricks County. Lockhart con-
tinued to preach for this church for thirty or thirty-
five years. Other preachers were L. H. Jamison, B.
K. Smith, Asa HoUingswortii, Samuel Frazier, Elijah
Goodwin, George Snoddy, John 0. Kane, James M.
Mathis, the Rev. Chalen, W. B. Hopkins, Thomas
Conley, Joseph Sadler, John Brown, Matthew Coun-
cil, John Hadley, W. R. Jewell, J. B. New, Nathan
Hornaday, George Smith, Robert Edmanson, W. R.
Couch, Irwin Brewer, Rev. Becknal, S. K. Houshour,
John BarnhUl, Aaron Walker, and others whose
names do not appear on the church record.
For a number of years a good Sunday-school was
taught at this place, with Leonard West as superin-
tendent ; but many of the members of the church
have died, others have moved away, and there has
been no church organization here for seven years.
The house has been abandoned except for funeral
occasions. Leonard West donated one acre of land for
church purposes, and James Haines donated an acre
for a burial-ground.
Ebenezer Christian Church (so named by the
Rev. Alexander Miller) was organized in 1834 by
the Rev. Jesse Frazier, with Sally Jones, Annie
Wilson, Daniel Barnhill, Elizabeth Barnhill, Lewis
Mitchell, Chesloy Ray, Jane Ray, Nicholas Hight-
shue, Alexander Miller, and Mary Miller as original
members. Its first elders were Alexander Miller
and Chesley Ray. The Rev. Jesse Frazier con-
tinued to preach to this church for a number of
years. The first meeting? were held alternately at
the residences of Lewis Mitchell and Alexander Mil-
ler, and in the spring of 1834 they built the first
Christian Church of this township, Annie Wilson
donating the ground. Her husband furnished ihe
lumber and helped to build the church. It is stUl
an organization, with a membership of one hundred
and fifty. The same preachers who preached in
North Liberty Christian Church preached also for the
Ebenezer Church except " blind Billy Wilson," who
preached for this church many years ago. The pres-
ent officers of the church are Thomas T. Glidenell
and James G. Dickerson, elders ; James A. Snyder
and John Black, deacons ; F. M. HoUingsworth,
clerk ; and James A. Snyder, treasurer. A Sunday-
school was organized many years ago in connection
with this church, with John Miller as its first super-
intendent. Its last superintendent was Marshall S.
Glidenell, who held the office at the suspension of
the school about three years ago.
Old Angtista Christian Church was organized in
1846, with Joseph Loftin, Sr., Mary Loftin, T. W.
Council, Hester J. Council, B. P. Berry and wife,
Simeon Head, Malinda Head, John Sheets, Mary
Sheets, John Moss, Peter Daubeuspeck, Alexander
PIKE TOWNSHIP.
611
West, Temperance West, Thomas Reveal and wife
as members. Council, Moss, and Reveal v?ere chosen
elders. This church was prosperous for a number of
years, and was ministered to by most of the same
preachers who served North Liberty and Ebenezer
Churches. By reason of the emigration of some of
the leading members of this church and the death of
others, it ceased to be an organization for a num-
ber of years ; but in the last few years, through the
earnest efforts of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Stucker and
some others, it has been revived, with Mr. Stucker
as elder, and it now has regular service every Sunday
and also a good Sunday-school.
The Cliristian Chapel at New Augusta was
built in 1872 by subscription at a cost of twenty-five
hundred dollars, and the church was organized by
the Rev. W. R. Jewell, with William Pollard and
Henry Dobson as elders, Hardress Avery and B. F.
Abrams as deacons, and Milo Johnson clerk. The
members were Allison Pollard, Mary Pollard, Eliza
Gutherie, Alice Souerwine, Henry Pollard, Ann Pol-
lard, Henry Dobson, Sarah Dobson, Rachel Pollard,
Hardress Avery, Nancy Avery, B. F. Abrams, Caro-
line Abrams, Allen Avery, E. A. Avery, Henry Pol-
lard, Candace Pollard, Mary A. Broughard, Sarah A.
Pollard, James Holley, Harriet Holley, Rachel Crop-
per, Sarah Cropper, and Anna CruU. The Rev. Mr.
Jewell continued to preach for the church for one year,
and was followed by J. M. Canfield, who preached one
year, Robert Edmonson one year, then Jewell one year
again, L. H. Jamison one year, R. T. Brown one year,
W. R. Couch one year, H. R. Pritchard one year,
Walter S. Tingley one year, then a vacancy for two
or three years. The Rev. Mr. Gilchrist is now
preaching for the congregation. The church num-
bers about one huudred. It has had a good Sunday-
school since the organization of the church, with
some one of its most prominent members as superin-
tendent. The present superintendent is William
Pollard.
Prospect Presbyterian Church was organized j
about 1835, at Burns' school-house, by the families of
Thomas Burns, Thomas McMannis, James Moore,
James Duncan, John Duncan, Joseph Patten, and
some others. In a few years after the organization
they built a house for worship on the northwest corner
of James Duncan's land (where the Rural Academy
now stands), and the first preacher who occupied the
pulpit there was the Rev. Stewart, who continued to
preach for this church for a number of years. After
him the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher (the noted Brook-
lyn divine) preached here, and he was followed by the
Rev. Reed, who preached for the church for a number
of years, and the Rev. Long, who was the last minister
of this church. As some of its leading members had
moved to the West, and others had died, the house
was sold for a school-house, and is now known as Rural
Academy.
Hopewell Evangelical Lutheran Church was
organized at the residence of John Klingensmith, in
1836, by the Rev. Abraham Reck. The members of
the organization were John Klingensmith, Susan
Klingensmith, Peter Anthony, Hannah Anthony,
George Coble, Sarah Coble, Jacob Klingensmith,
Joseph Klingensmith, Esther Klingensmith, George
Klingensmith, Cecilia Klingensmith, Michael Kep-
ple, Polly Kepple, Jacob Souerwine, Elizabeth Souer-
wine, Isaac Meyers, and Catharine Meyers. They
continued to meet at Klingensmith's residence until
1840, when a house of worship was built on Klingen-
smith's land, of which he donated one acre for that
and cemetery purposes. This house was never en-
tirely finished, but was used to hold meetings in until
1855, when the old house was sold and the congre-
gation then met at centre school-house (where Newton
Pollard's residence now stands). They met here until
1859, when a new house of worship was built at
Augusta Station, Joseph Klingensmith donating the
land for church purposes. This house was used until
the congregation was too large for it, and a new brick
meeting-house was built at a cost of five thousand
dollars. It is one of the finest church edifices in the
county outside the city of Indianapolis. In the spring
of 1880 the new house was opened for worship, and the
Rev. A. V. Hurse, of Rochester, Ind., preached the
dedicatory sermon. This church has always been
prosperous, and now has a membership of about one
hundred communicants. It has had preaching reg-
ularly since its organization. Its first preacher was
Abraham Reck, who was followed by Ephraim Rudacil,
612
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Samuel Good, John LiviDgood, Eusatius Hinkle,
Philo Ground, Ephraim Wisner, M. J. Sterewalt,
Jacob Wisner, W. C. L. Lower, John Hursh, and J.
C. Barb ; these preachers preached from two to six
years each. Since the organization of this church it
has manintained a good Sunday-school, for a number
of years some one of its leading members acting as
superintendent. Its present superintendent is Elias
Klingensmith.
Schools. — The first schools of this township were
taught in the cabins of the early settlers, and some
of the scholars had to walk several miles to attend
school. The first school of the township was taught
by George L. Conard, in a cabin on David McCurdy's
land, on the west bank of Eagle Greek, near where
James McCurdy's saw-mill was built, on the farm
now owned by James White. The second school
was taught in a cabin on the land of Capt. John B.
Harman. The next school in this part of the town-
ship was in Pleasant Hill school and meeting-house,
on the southeast corner of the Busenbarick land.
The next school was in the southeast part of the
township, in the Staton neighborhood, in a cabin on
the land now owned by Thomas Ramsey, where
James C. Meyers lives, on the Lafayette road. This
school was taught by Hugh Wells. The next school
was taught by Oliver Shirtliff, in a cabin where
Jones Chapel now stands, on the land then owned by
Abraham McCorkle. Then the Burns school-house
was built, on the east side of the creek, in 1830 or
1831.
When the township was sufficiently settled several
school-houses were built, with better accommodations
for the scholars than the cabins had afforded. They
were about sixteen by twenty feet in size, and high
enough for the large scholars to stand upright. The
doors were hung outside ; holes were cut in the walls
and greased paper pasted over them, and they were
called windows. The furniture consisted of split
poles with legs in them for the scholars to occupy,
and they were called seats. The requirements of a
Hoosier schoolmaster was to be able to teach spell-
ing, reading, writing, and ciphering to the single
rule of three. They were paid very small wages
for their work, usually receiving six to ten dollars per
month and board themselves, but the teacher was
always a welcome visitor at the homes of the patrons
of the schools, and generally boarded among the
scholars.
The teachers in the days of the log school-houses
were George L. Conard, Oliver Shirtlifi', Claiborne
Lewis, Daniel Cooper, William Martin, Hugh Wells,
William Harbert, Alexander Felton, Richard Miller,
David Boardman, James T. Morgan, David Moss
(now Gen. Moss, of Noblesville), Daniel Griffin, and
others whose names are yet familiar to some of the
older inhabitants of this township. In 1843 a new
set of teachers, with new rules and regulations for the
government of schools, came upon the stage of ac-
tion. Among these reformed and more humane teach-
ers were Nancy Felton (who was the first female
teacher of the township), William Paten, John Bowers,
Alfred Hawkins, Harriet Huffman, Oliver Felton,
Joseph Loftin, John Laycock, Mary A. Hightshue,
Samuel Martin, Patsey Bell, James Dobson, and
others.
In 1853-54 the township was divided into twelve
school districts, frame houses were built, and the
teachers required to furnish a certificate of compe-
tency from the county board of education to teach
all the common school branches, and maintain a
good moral character. This was the inauguration of
the free-school system. The teachers were paid by
the month out of the township school fund, and cor-
poral punishment was almost entirely abandoned.
The township now has twelve school-houses, as
good as any township in the county. The value of
the school property in 1883 was ten thousand dollars.
The school enumeration for 1883, between six and
twenty-one years of age, was : males, four hundred
and eighteen ; females, four hundred and two ; total,
eight hundred and twenty. There are fifteen teach-
ers employed at the twelve school-houses, at an aver-
age of forty-six dollars per month, and the school
terms are six or seven months. The teachers are
Jesse C. Smith, Whitaker, M. S. Glidenell,
Ella Jennings, Henry Green, John Vantine, M. J.
Wagle, John McKinsey, F. M. Klingensmith, Ed-
ward Hungate, Jesse Dunn, Plackard, John
Barnhill, and Kate Davidson.
WARREN TOWNSHIP.
613
CHAPTER XXVI.
WARREN TOWNSHIP.i
The township of Warren is the central one of
the eastern range of townships of Marion County,
Lawrence township joining it on the north, and
Franklin on the south. It is bounded on the west
by Centre township, and on the east by Hancock
County. The population of Warren township, by
the United States census of 1880, was three thou-
sand one hundred and seven.
In the western, southwestern, and northwestern
parts of the township the surface is but slightly un-
dulatini;. The east part is more broken and rolling.
The soil is either a black loam or clayey. ThLs
township is not excelled by any in the county for the
production of grass, and the soil is also well adapted
to the production of corn and wheat.
Originally, Warren township was thickly covered
with timber, and had many low marshes and swamps.
The kinds of timber were principally beech, maple,
white-, red-, and burr-oak, hickory, poplar, elm, ash,
sycamore, walnut, buckeye, bass, mulberry, and iron-
wood. The timber was of large growth, witii very
thick underbrush.
Warren township is afforded good drainage by
Buck Creek on the east. Lick Creek through the
centre and south, and Pleasant Run in the northwest.
The marshes have all disappeared, and now but little
waste land is to be found in the township.
At an early date the principal road through the
township was the Centreville road, about a quarter of
a mile south of where the National gravel road is
now. After the location of the National road the
Centreville road was vacated. Now the principal
roads are the National, Brookville, and German
pikes. But few dirt roads are left in the township.
Warren township was laid off and erected by the
county commissioners on the Ifith of April, 1822,
but, being then not sufficiently populous for separate
organization, it was at the same time joined to Centre
township, the two to be regarded as one township,
under the name of Centre- Warren. This union
• By Wharton R. Clinton, Esq.
continued until May 1, 1826, when, by order of the
county board of justices, Warren was taken from
Centre, to be separately organized as a township,
and an election of justice of the peace was ordered
to be held, on the 3d of June following, at the house
of Rufus Jennison, Harris Tyner to be judge of the
election. At this election Rufus Jennison was elected
justice of the peace. Following is a list of township
officers of Warren, from its erection as a township
to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Wilks Reag.an, June 14, 1822, to April 15, 1826; resigned.
Sismund Basye, June 14, 1822, to June 3, 182t).
Obed Foote, June 14, 1822, to June 3, 1826.
(The three preceding served as justices for Centre and War-
ren townships while they were united as one.)
Rufus Jennison, Aug. 7, 1826, to Not. 3, 1828 ; resigned.
Henry Brady, Aug. 25, 1828, to Aug. 14, 1833.
Solomon Wells, March 17, 1829, to Sept. 3, 1832 ; resigned.
Joshua Black, Aug. 27, 1831, to Aug. 27, 1836.
Elias N. Shimer, Oct. 27, 1832, to Oct. 27, 1837.
Joseph S. Mix, Oct. 15, 1834, to April 18, 1836: resigned.
James P. Hanna, June 8, 1836, to June 8, 1841.
Lyman Carpenter, Nov. 30, 1836, to July 4, 1S38 ; resigned.
Elias N. Shimer, Deo. 5, 1837, to Dec. 5, 1842.
Ambrose Shirley, July 31, 1838, to Aug. 23, 1840; resigned.
Edward Heizer, Dec. 14, 1839, to Dec. 7, 1844.
John A. Buell, Sept. 29, 1840, to December, 1844; resigned.
Joseph Clinton, Oct. 7, 1842, to Oct. 7, 1852.
Joseph W. Buchanan, Jan. 18, 1845, to July 14, 1849 ; resigned.
John Pleasants, Aug. 30, 1849, to April, 1852; resigned.
Stephen Tyner, Jan. 15, 1850, to March 16, 1850; resigned.
Joseph McConnell, April 26, 1851, to Aug. 21, 1865; resigned.
Charles Bonge, June 9, 1852, to Nov. 12, 1857; resigned.
Jesse D. Tomlinson, Oct. 8, 1852, to March 7, 1853; resigned.
Elias N. Shimer, April 23, 1853, to April 19, 1857.
Aquilla Parker, April 21, 1857, to April 19, 1861.
Peleg Hathaway, April 20, 1858, to April 19, 1862.
Austin B. Harlan, April 20, 1861, to April 16, 1881.
George Newland, April 26, 1862, to April 19, 1866.
William T. Whitesides, April 21, 1866, to April 13, 1870.
Aquilla Parker, April 13, 1867, to May 29, 1871; resigned.
Alexander D. Reading, Oct. 23, 1872, to Oct. 22, 1876.
William T. Whitesides, Oct. 31, 1872, to Oct. 30, 1876.
Lewis S. Wiley, June 22, 1875, to March 18, 1876; resigned.
Daniel Foley, Oct. 30, 1876, to April 5, 1877; resigned.
Levi White, Nov. 18, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Sampson M. Houston, Jan. 15, 1877, to April 15, 1878.
John S. McConnell, May 18, 1877, to April 9, 1882.
Samuel A. Vandeman, April 24, 1878, to April 9, 1882.
Cyrus Laughlin, Feb. 15, 1881, to April 13, 1882.
614
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Austin B. Harlan, April 15, 1882, to April 15, 1886.
John D. Godfrey, July 24, 1882, to April 14, 1884.
Levi White, Sept. 21, 1883, to April 14, 1884.
TBUSTEES.
William Hunter, April 7, 1859, to Oct. 24, 1874.
George M. Smith, Oct. 24, 1874, to Oct. 21, 1876.
■William Hunter, Oct. 21, 1876, to April 15, 1880.
Robert Carr, April 15, 1880, to April 14, 1884.
ASSESSOKS.
Samuel Jennison, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 7, 1828.
Edward Heizer, Jan. 7, 1828, to Jan. 4, 1830.
Eufus Jennison, Jan. 4, 1830, to Jan. 3, 1831.
Edward Heizer, Jan. 3, 1831, to Jan. 2, 1832.
Abira Wells, Jan. 2, 1832, to Jan. 7, 1833.
Joel Blacklcdge, Jan. 7, 1833, to Jan. 6, 1834.
Elias N. Shimer, Jan. 6, 1834, to Jan. 5, 1835.
Ahira Wells, Jan. 5, 1835, to Jan. 2, 1837.
Benedict Higdon, .Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Harris Tyner, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
Elias N. Shimer, Jan. 6, 1840, to Dec. 6, 1841.
John Allen, Jan. 24, 1853, to Dec. 9, 1854.
Obadiah Davis, Dec. 9, 1854, to Oct. 19, 1858.
Alfred B. Shaw, Oct. 19, 1858, to Nov. 26, 1860.
Andrew J. Vansickle, Nov. 26, 1860, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Elijah N. McVey, March 22, 1875, to Deo. 14, 1876.
Andrew J. Vansickle, Deo. 14, 1876, to April 6, 1878.
Robert Davis, April 6, 1878, to April 14, 1884.
Early Settlements and Settlers. — Among the
earliest settlers in Warren tnwiLship was Henry
Brady, who was born in Pennsylvania, Sept. 16,
1794. He had a great desire to gain an education,
and with that intention he went to Athens, Ohio,
where he lor some time attended school, working
mornings and evenings for his board, and his lessons
were chiefly learned while on his way to and from
school. He was, however, compelled to abandon
his idea of completing the course.
His first residence in Indiana was in Jackson
County; from there he moved in 1824 to Marion
County and settled in Warren township, on land
about six miles east of Indianapolis, vphere he has
lived ever since, and is yet quite hale and hearty,
though in his ninetieth year. His name is a fa-
miliar one to all the older inhabitants of Marion
County. He has served his township in various
ways, as surveyor, teacher, and magistrate. Al-
though a stanch Democrat, he has represented
Marion County at diiferent times in both branches
of the Legislature. He has now quite a large farm,
and it is also one of the finest and best improved in
the township. Mr. Brady was always popular wher-
ever known, and now in his old age he is happy in
the respect and esteem of his many friends.
Harris Tyner was born in South Carolina. He
emigrated to Kentucky, and from there to Indiana
in 1805, and settled in what is now Franklin County.
In February, 1821, he moved to Marion County
and settled in the northern part of Warren township,
where he resided at the time of his death, in 1881.
Harris Tyner served as county commissioner for
twelve years. He was in the war of 1812, also in
the Black Hawk war.
The earliest assessment-roll of Warren township
that can now be found is that of the year 1829,
which, being complete, shows, of course, very nearly
who were the male adult inhabitants of the township
at that time. The following names taken from it
are those of men then resident in the township who
were assessed on no real estate, viz. :
Thomas Askren.
Stephen Brown.'
Christopher Black.
Henry Boling.
Joshua Black.
Augustus E. Black.
James Black.
William Birdwhistell.
David Bump.
Isaac Bates.
John Clow.
Caleb Clark.
Joseph Clark.
Daniel Cool.
William Callan.
Daniel Devorse.
Benjamin Fowler.
James Ferguson.
William Ferguson.
Samuel FuUen.
David Groves.
Thomas Hudson.
Billips Harper.
Henry Harper.
Jacob D. Hudson.
Reason Hawkins.
Parks Hannah.
John Hamilton.
Robert Hamilton.
Rufus Jennison.
Rufus Jennison, Jr.
John Jones.
Mark Jones.
Daniel Julick.
Francis Kitley.
Jeremiah Kinman.
John Kitley.
John Latham.
Jacob Louks.
John Lamb.
John Mann.
John S. Moulton.
' The only person in the township then assessed on a carriage,
presumably a pleasure-carriage.
WARREN TOWNSHIP.
615
Aaron Montfort.
John Marigore.
Joel Roberts.
George Sharrar.
Joseph Shields.
Philemon Shirley.
Andrew Sharrar.
Jacob Sharrar.
Peter Voris.
John Vandaman.
Andrew Van Sickcl.
Richard Vanlandingham.
George Vanlandingham.
Aaron Wells.
Reason Wells.
Solomon Wells.
Royal Wells.
Eli Wells.
Ahira Wells.
Nathan Wells.
Nelson Wells.
David Wallace.
John Wallace.
The same assessment-roll gives the following names
of persons resident in Warren township in 1829, and
who were the owners and holders of the lands re-
spectively described, viz. :
Willis G. Atherton, the west half of the north-
west quarter of section 10, township 15, range 4.
Samuel Beeler, the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 22, township 15, range 5.
Henry Brady, Esq., the east half of the north-
west quarter of section 13, township 15, range 4.
Joel Blackledge, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 14, township 15, range 4.
Harvey Blackledge, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 12, township 15, range 4.
John P. Chinn (?), the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 22, township 15, range 4.
Elizabeth Cox, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 22, township 16, range 4.
Jane Dalzell, the west half of the northeast quarter
of section 12, township 15, range 4.
James Davis, the southeast quarter of section 21,
township 15, range 5.
Jacob Duringer, the northeast quarter of section
22, township 15, range 4.
James Doyle, the southwest quarter of section 15,
township 15, range 4, and the west half of the south-
east ((uarter of the same section.
Elisha Greer, the west half of the northeast quarter
of section 15, township 15, range 4.
Edward Heizer, the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 10, township 15, range 4.
John S. Hall, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 11, township 15, range 4.
Nathan Harlan, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 22, township 15, range 5.
William Hamilton, one hundred acres in the south-
west quarter of section 12, township 15, range 4.
Samuel Jennison, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 1, township 15, range 4.
Andrew Morehouse, the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 11, township 15, range 4, and the west half of
the northeast quarter of section 14, in the same
survey township.
John AV. Reding, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 15, township 15, range 4.
David Shields, the northwest quarter of section
27, township 16, range 4.
Harris Tyner, the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 22, township 16, range 4.
John Wilson, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 3, township 15, range 4.
Daniel Woods, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 21, township 15, range 5.
Willis Wright, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 3, township 15, range 4.
Edward White, the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 10, township 15, range 4.
Thomas Askren settled in the northwestern part of
the township in 1828, and a year or two later bought
the land on which he lived till his death, in 1868.
He accumulated a large amount of property, and
was, moreover, a man highly respected and esteemed
by all who knew him.
Nathan Harlan moved to Marion County in
1823. He first settled in Franklin township, but in
1827 moved from there to the southeastern part of
Warren, and lived there until his death, in 1846.
In 1828 he took the contract for cutting the timber
from off the line of the Brookville road. He kept
tavern from 1833 to 1844.
James Davis settled in Warren township in 1827.
The lands he entered were on Buck Creek, in the
southeastern part of the township. He lived here
until 1864, when he moved to Fremont County,
Iowa, where he lived until his death, in 1872.
Andrew Morehouse was born in Schuyler County,
616.
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
N. Y., Nov. 8, 1796. His father was an old Revo-
lutionary soldier, and was at the capture of Bur-
goyne when only sixteen years old. Not long before
his father's and mother's deaths they lost their farm
through a defective title. Eight children were left
to shift for themselves, the youngest being but two
years old. Andrew determined to go West, and
walked to Glean, on the Alleghany River, and get-
ting employment on a lumber-raft, floated down the
river to Cincinnati. Liking the country, he deter-
mined to go back to New York and make prepara-
tions for emigrating West. He had to walk the
most of the way home, and in the spring he again
floated down to Cincinnati. There he bought a part
interest in a flat-boat, floated down to New Orleans,
and sold his boatload of produce. Not liking the
institution of slavery, he determined to go back to
Cincinnati. He worked his way back on a keel-
boat, it taking sixty days to make the trip. This
trip disgusted him with river-life, and having saved
some money, he, in March, 1823, walked to Indian-
apolis, where he stopped with a man by the name of
Benjamin Atherton. Mr. Morehouse entered one
hundred and sixty acres uf land on Lick Creek,
'about five miles east of Indianapolis, on the Brook-
ville road. Having had the misfortune to lose one
hundred dollars while looking for land, and wanting
eighty acres of land adjoining his, he built a cabin of
round logs, split puncheon floor, clapboard door
hung up with wooden hinges, cut down four acres of
heavy timber, piled the brush, and then left for Ham-
ilton County, Ohio, where he worked through the
summer of 1824. Making his one hundred dollars,
he came back to his farm and bought the eighty
acres. March 3, 1825, he married Theresa W^hite,
who was born in Kentucky, Oct. 4, 1796.
Then commenced in earnest the work of clearing.
Their honeymoon was spent in burning brush and
logs, with every day, three times, corn bread and meat
as the bill of fare. By April they had succeeded in
clearing about three acres, one corner of which was
sown in flax for clothing, and the rest planted with
corn, while the places between logs were dug up for
potatoes and pumpkins. From early morn until
evening Mr. Morehouse kept the axe going, felling
the heavy timber, and on moonlight nights he would
work until late in the night. In the fall, the fight
commenced with squirrels, deer, and raccoons for pos-
session of the corn ; fires were built around the field
to keep them away, and as soon as the corn was dry
enough it was stored away in the cabin loft. The
pumpkins were peeled, cut in thin rings, and hung
overhead on poles. In the fall of 1825, Mr. More-
house took his yoke of oxen and an old cart, also an
axe to cut the saplings out of his road, and set out
for Hamilton County, Ohio, to get apple-trees. He
brought back fifty apple- and some cherry-trees, and
planted the first orchard in Warren township ; he also
brought a quart of apple-seed, which he planted. One
of the seedling trees and a sprout from one of the
fifty trees are still living, and both bore apples in the
past season.
The first year of his new life was a success, and
the promise it gave for the future was fully realized.
Mr. Morehouse served in the Black Hawk war in
1832. In 1835, while digging a well, a tub fell
on him, crushing his skull. The skull was never
lifted, and he suffered from the effects until his
death, Feb. 3, 1864. Mrs. Morehouse is still living,
and although in her eighty-eighth year, is as ambi-
tious to be useful as when she first came to the wil-
derness of Marion County with her willing hands to
help her husband clear the land for their home. Her
mind is as bright as ever, and to see her sitting in
her own particular corner, knitting and chatting, it is
hard to realize that one little woman could ever have
done so much.
Robert Brown, another of the early settlers in
Warren township, was born at Staunton, Augusta
Co., Va., Feb. 5, 1787. His father, who came to
America from Ireland, was the most prominent
physician of Staunton. The early education of Rob-
ert Brown was sadly neglected. When a mere boy
he took to hunting, and many a deer and bear fell at
the crack of his rifle. At the age of fifteen he left
home to make a living for himself. His first work
was at the saltpetre-works in Virginia, where he
worked, off and on, for three or four years. He then
went to the western part of Pennsylvania, where, in
1807, he married Elizabeth Messinger, who was of
WARREN TOWNSHIP.
617
German parentage, and was born near the Mononga-
hela River, in Pennsylvania, Dec. 10, 1786. After
staying a year in Pennsylvania, they emigrated to
Butler County, Ohio, within a few miles of Hamil-
ton, where he followed farming, and in the winter
months worked at coopering. In the summer of
1812 he volunteered, and served in the war. His
company went out in the early part of the summer,
and, after a few months of active service, returned
home in September, and remained long enough to
put in their wheat. They returned to headquarters
in October, where Mr. Brown served till the close of
the war. His children still have the sword which he
carried. In the fall of 1822 he and his family, in
company with two of his brothers and a brother-in-
law, moved to Indianapolis, then but a small settle-
ment of a few log huts. The evening before he
reached Indianapolis be camped with a party of In-
dians on Lick Creek, just south of Irvington, the
place where he lived so many years. Mr. Brown re-
turned the next fall to Hamilton, Ohio, to enter his
farm, south of Irvington, and on returning, in com-
pany with others, they were obliged to swim Blue
River, which was very high at the time and the
weather very cold. There were Indians camped
near the river, and they wrung the water from their
clothes and dried them by the Indian camp-fire. The
only man they met between Blue River and Indian-
apolis was Henry Brady, who was hewing the logs
for his cabin.
Mr. Brown lived for eight years on the present
site of the Blind Asylum, and he tended his corn
several years on the square on which the present
court-house stands. He would kill game enough to
feed his family two or three weeks and then go out
and work on his farm, clearing off the land and build-
ing his house, which he finished in the fall of 1824.
The same house is now standing and occupied.
When he was building it, the deer would come two
and three at a time and lie down within fifty steps of
the house in the daytime. Wild turkeys were also
very plenty. He moved to Warren township in the
fall of 1830. He served as school trustee three or
four terms, before the free school system was estab-
lished. The school-houses of that day were few and
40
wide apart. He helped to survey all of Warren and
the greater part of Centre township, and in later
years if there was a dispute about any corner-stone
in his vicinity, he was called on to settle the matter
and locate the corner.
Mr. Brown followed farming and hunting. Bread-
stuff was an item at that time, and they had to go to
a horse-mill in Shelby County, a distance of some
twenty or thirty miles, the trip generally occupying
three days. For meat they relied exclusively on
deer and other game, which was in abundance.
The day was never too cold or too hot, rain or
sun.shine, for him to go out hunting. He was
acknowledged the best shot in the country. He
would never hunt with a hound, or go out with a
party if they took a hound. His favorite way was a
still hunt, and it appeared that he knew just where to
look for deer, and when he shot he was sure to bring
down his game. He was present at all shooting-
matches for miles around, and if he was not ruled out
(which was often done to give others a chance), he
always won the first choice, which was the hide and
tallow.
Mr. Brown was respected by all who knew him.
His word was as good as his bond, and few indeed
were the promises that he "broke. His wife died
April 20, 1867, at the advanced age of eighty years,
four months, and six days. She had been married
for sixty years. Mr. Brown survived her nine years,
and died Oct. 20, 1876, at the age of eighty-nine
years, eight months, and fifteen days. Only four
children survived him, three sons and one daughter.
He left several great-grandchildren, and one great-
great-grandchild.
" Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years,
Yet ran he freshly on ten winters more,
Until, like a clock, worn out by eating time,
The wheels of weary life at last stood still."
Reason Hawkins came from Hamilton County,
Ohio, about 1826, and located on Pleasant Run,
northeast of the present town of Irvington. In 1829
he was not assessed on any lands in the township.
He sold out his first location and afterwards bought
land of Calvin Fletcher, situated a little west of
618
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Cumberland. This was his homestead farm. He
built a saw-mill, propelled by the water-power of
Buck Creek, and known as the Hawkins mill.
Joseph S. Mix and wife came from Hamilton
County, Ohio, in the year 1833, and settled in the
east part of Warren township, in a perfect wilder-
ness, where the only clearing was where the logs
were cut for erecting his cabin, which was (as was
usual in those days) of only one room, with puncheon
floor, and quilts or blankets hung up at the door and
windows. For three years he kept a store in Cum-
berland for Nicholas McCarty, and when he closed at
niaht would take the money in a basket on his arm
and go to his home, a mile distant through the woods.
There he hung his basket (with the money in it) on
a peg for the night, without the least doubt that it
was perfectly safe, as it was. He was afterwards in
the hemp business with Mr. McCarty. The farm on
which he settled in 1833, and where he still lives, is
Bituated one mile southeast of the village of Cum-
berland.
Henry Bowser was born in Pennsylvania in March,
1810. When five years old he went with his parents
to Ohio, and when twenty-one years of age he mi-
grated to Indiana, and settled in the southwest corner
of Warren township, where he resided until his
death, Oct. 18, 1883. He married. May 6, 1833,
Mary Moore, who still survives him.
James C. Ferguson was born March 4, 1808.
His father and mother were natives of Virginia, but
when quite young moved with their parents to Ken-
tucky. About four years after his father's marriage
he volunteered to go into the Maumee country, under
Gen. Anthony Wayne, to fight Indians, and re-
mained out until peace was made. In a few years
thereafter he moved to Butler County, Ohio, where
James C. Ferguson was born. Six years after his
birth his father died with a contagious fever, called
the cold plague. In 1820 the family moved to In-
diana. In 1825, James C. Ferguson settled where
he now resides, in Warren township, on the National
road, six miles east of Indianapolis. In 1829 he
married Nancy Goble, who lived in Henry County,
Ind. Her native State was Ohio, Mr. Ferguson
says, " I frequently fed the Indians, chased bear, and
killed a great many deer. I had a horse with a long
tail that I rode when hunting. If I succeeded in
killing a deer I would tie the horse's tail to its jaw,
and in that way drag the deer home. Turkey and
wolves were plenty, but the wolves soon disappeared.
My first cabin was built in 1825. The floor was of
split puncheons, and the door of clapboards. My
table was also made of split puncheons."
Elias H. and Mahala Shimer, pioneers of Warren
township, arrived here from Zanesville, Ohio, Nov. 1,
1829, and settled on the farm on which Mr. Shimer
died July 29, 1864, in the sixty-fifth year of his age,
and on which his widow still lives. She is now in
her eighty-second year, a woman of remarkable health
and unimpaired mind. Mr. Shimer was not a stout
man, and being sufficiently qualified to teach, he
taught school for a number of years. In 1858 he
was awarded the first premium for the finest farm in
Marion County.
In 1834, Mr. and Mrs. Shimer joined the Old-School
Baptist Church, of which they remained consistent
members till the breaking up of the church, about
1856. It can be truthfully said that their house was
the home of the homeless ; scarcely a time can be
mentioned when his house was not the abode of one
or more orphans. At one time five homeless ones,
all of difiierent tiimilies, were taken into his house to
share whatever blessings the Great Master had given
them.
Joseph Clinton, with his family, emigrated from
Kentucky to Indiana in 1830, and entered the east
half of the southwest quarter of section 13, and
bought of Benjamin Atherton the west half of the
northwest quarter of the same section in township 15,
range 4. When Mr. Clinton arrived there was no
house on the land, but as material was plenty it
was but a few days until he had erected a rude
cabin of one room, with split puncheon floor, clap-
board door, and a greased-paper window. The cabin
was heated by a large fireplace, which also served for
cooking purposes. The chimney to the house was of
mud and sticks, and built at first about four feet
high, but it was afterwards made higher. It was late
in the fall, and as it had taken about everything that
Mr. Clinton possessed to buy his farm and move, the
WARREN TOWNSHIP.
619
family had to practice the most rigid economy-
Land on which to plant the next year's crop had to
be cleared before spring ; so, working from early in
the morning till late at night, and in all kinds of
weather, he succeeded in partially clearing enough
ground to raise the next winter's food and clothes.
At night, when any other light than that from the
fireplace was needed, an iron vessel, with a handle
for sticking in the cracks of the logs, was filled with
lard, and a wick of twisted cotton rags put in for
burning. The first improvement in lights was a
candle made by dipping a rag up and down in melted
tallow until enough tallow adhered to the rag to
form the candle. All clothing was home-made, either
made from flax or wool. The principal article of food
was corn. Corn bread in all its various forms was
eaten through the week, and on Sunday a great treat
was had in the form of wheat bread.
Joseph Clinton was for several years justice of the
peace, and of the many ridiculous incidents that
came under his notice he often related the following :
One day while working in the corn-field a German
and his wife came running excitedly towards him,
and as soon as the man was within hearing he called
out, "Here, Meester Squire, here is your thaler;
take him, take him." "Why?" said Mr. Clinton,
" I don't want your dollar." " Oh, yes, Meester
Squire, take him ; me hit Ostermeyer on der kopf,
and he fall down dead. Take him, Meester Squire."
The man seemed in such evident earnest that Mr.
Clinton stopped his work and went to see what was
the matter. He found that the two men had quar-
reled ; one had hit the other on the head, the .blow
having stunned but not killed Ostermeyer. The Ger-
man had been in this country but a short time, and
knowing that the fine for a fight was one dollar, he
thought that one dollar would settle the matter, even
if lie had killed the man.
Joseph Clinton lived upon the farm where he first
settled until his death, in December, 1874. He was
always a man of remarkably even temper, honored
and respected by all who knew him. All little chil-
dren .seemed to recognize in him a true friend, and
he was most happy when surrounded by a crowd of
little ones, telling them stories and soothing them in
their childish griefs. In spite of his white hair, he
seemed to have become as one of them.
Mills, Taverns, and Distilleries. — In 1832 there
was a saw-mill built about half a mile south of
Cumberland, run by water-power. In 1834 a saw-
mill (water-power) was built on Buck Creek, about
three miles south of Cumberland. It was known as
Baker's saw-mill. About 1835 a saw-mill (water-
power), known as Davis' mill, was built one and a
half miles south of Brookville road.
The first steam-mill was built on the National
road, about two miles west of Cumberland. The
exact date of the building of this mill is not known,
but it sawed the lumber for planking the Cumberland
plank road, now the National gravel road. At
present there are three steam saw- mills in the town-
[ ship and one steam grist-mill. There are no water-
power mills.
An early tavern was kept by Samuel Fullen, on
I the Centreville road. When that road was vacated
I he moved to Cumberland, and kept the first tavern
I there. Henry Brady kept tavern six miles east of
Indianapolis as early as 1824. John Wilson kept
I on the Centreville road, near the present site of Butler
I University, three and a half miles east of Indianapolis.
When the National road was located he moved to it
and kept tavern there. Rufus Jennison kept tavern
five and a half miles east of Indianapolis, on the
National road. James Ferguson kept six miles east
of Indianapolis, on the National road. He kept
tavern as early as 1825. David Woods kept ten
miles east of Indianapolis, on the Brookville road, at a
very early date. Nathan Harlan kept ou Brookville
road from 1833 to 1844, for accommodation of stage
travelers. This was about nine miles east of Indian-
apolis. At present there is but one hotel in the
township, kept by Ingram Little at Cumberland.
A small distillery was built as early as 1830 by a
man named Richardson, on Buck Creek, near the east
end of Cumberland. It was principally used for the
manufacture of peach brandy, and was run but a
short time. There is no distillery in the township.
Villages. — There are three villages within the
territory of the townsliip of Warren, viz.: Irvington
(the largest but youngest of the three), lying on the
620
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
west line of the township, adjoining Centre, and about
four miles east of the city of Indianapolis ; Julietta,
in the southeast corner of the township ; and Cum-
berland, near the east line of Warren, and occupying
a central position on that line, between the north-
eastern and southeastern corners of the township,
eleven miles east of Indianapolis, on the old National
or Cumberland road.
The village of Cumberland was laid out in 1831
(plat recorded July 7th in that year) on land owned
by Samuel FuUen ; the survey being made by Henry
Brady, who received one or two town lots in payment.
Originally there were but six streets in the town, viz. :
North, South, East, West, Main, and the Cumberland
road, which latter passes through it from west to east,
ninety feet wide, with sidewalks nine and a half feet
wide. Main Street was laid out forty-nine and a half
feet wide, and each of the other four streets thirty-three
feet wide. Ground for a public cemetery was donated
by the owner of the plat.
The first tavern in the village was opened by Samuel
Fullen, who moved there from the Centreville road,
where he had previously kept a public-house. His
wife was Ann Pogue, daughter of George Pogue, the
pioneer settler at Indianapolis. He afterwards sold
out in Cumberland to David Richardson, who came
from Miamitown, Ohio. Other early tavern-keepers
at Cumberland were James Parker, Donahue,
and Dr. William Moore, whose house was the stop-
ping-place for the stages ' on the Cumberland road.
The hotel of the place is now kept by Ingram Little.
The first stock of goods was brought to Cumber-
land by John Stephens, a native of Kentucky, who
came to this place from Indianapolis, where he owned
the Bayou farm. He was an honest and respected
man, but became poor, and it is said he died in Han-
cock County poor-house. Other early and later mer-
chants of Cumberland were Joseph Mix, Brown &
Buell, John Hawkins, Jacob Loueks, Hugh Wooster,
Jeremiah and Joseph Oakes. James Woods, and
Charles Bouge. The present stores of the village are
kept by Jesse Ebrough, Charles Hendricks, Joseph
McConnell, and Edward Bouge, — the last named also
having the post-ofiBce.
Among the early settlers in Cumberland, besides
those named, were Dr. Lyman Carpenter, Daniel
Knight (wheelwright), George Patterson (married a
daughter of Samuel Fullen), Noble Perrin (black-
smith), Travis, and his sons James and Joseph,
Dr. William Moore (elected and served as a member
of the State Legislature), James Parker (the tavern-
keeper already mentioned) and his son Squire, now
living in Shelby County, Dr. John Pleasants, Robert
Wooster (son of Hugh, the storekeeper), Emer-
son, Joseph Church, Ambrose Shirley, John Dorsey
(wagon-maker), Nicholas Stuttsman, George Plum-
mer, Aaron Nixon, and James Ingersoll (black-
smiths), Mr. Panzy, George McVeigh, and Daniel
Reagan, who made the first bricks, which were used
for building two brick houses, — one for Mrs. Smith
and the other for Samuel Fullen.
Cumberland has now about four hundred inhab-
itants, three physicians, four stores, a post-office, a
railway station, one hotel, two blacksmith-shops, one
grist-mill, two saw-mills, a school-house, and one
church (Baptist). There were at one time two other
church organizations in the place, viz., Methodists
and Universalists, and all worshiped in harmony.
Julietta village, in the southeast part of Warren
township, was laid out in 1868 (plat recorded Feb.
5, 1870). It contains at present two stores, one
blacksmith-shop, a post-office, one physician, and
about fifty inhabitants.
The suburban town of Irvington (so called in
honor of Washington Irving) is situated on an ele-
vated piece of ground, one hundred and seventy-five
feet higher than the ground on which the Union
depot in Indianapolis is built, and is four miles east
of Indianapolis, on the National road. The original
town was laid out into one hundred and eight lots by
Jacob B. Julian and Sylvester Johnson, on the 7th
day of November, 1870, and embraces the southeast
quarter of section 10, township 5, range 4 east, lying
north of the Junction Railroad, except the school-
house lot in the northeast corner, the entire area
covered being 304.47 acres. Irving Circle was dedi-
cated to use and purposes of a public park, on which,
at no distant day, it was designed to erect the statue
WARREN TOWNSHIP.
621
of Washington Irving. College Circle was designed
for the use of a female college. The object was to
make it a suburban residence town for the profes-
sional and business men of Indianapolis. Additions
have from time to time been made, the most notable
of which are the following : Woodland Park addition
to Irvington, laid out Jan. 4, 1872, by James E.
Downey and Nicholas Ohmer ; and Ritter's addition,
laid out Sept. 6, 1871. Every purchaser of a lot was
obliged to accede to the following requirements, em-
bodied in the deeds of conveyance :
" The grantee accepts this deed from the grantor
with the express agreement that he, his heirs, and
assigns will not erect or maintain, or suffer to be
erected or maintained, on the real estate herein
conveyed any distillery, brewery, soap-factory, pork-
or slaughter-house, or any other establishment offen-
sive to the people, and that he will not erect or
maintain, or suffer to be erected or maintained, on
said premises any stable, hogpen, privy, or other
offensive building, stall, or shed within fifty feet of
any avenue in said town, and that he will not sell or
suffer to be sold on said premises any intoxicating
liquors except for medicinal, sacramental, or me-
chanical purposes strictly, and he accepts this deed
on the further agreement that the right to enforce
and compel a compliance of the above conditions
rests not only in the grantor, his heirs, and assigns,
but in all the property-holders and inhabitants of
said town."
The land on which the town was built was owned
by Jacob Sanduska and Isaac Sanduska prior to the
time it was purchased by Messrs. Julian and others.
The town now embraces four hundred and fifty
acres. There was an agreement entered into by the
gentlemen who were the leading spirits in the under-
taking to build in the town and reside there, accord-
ingly Jacob B. Julian, Sylvester Johnson, and Levi
Ritter each built a fine residence and moved into it,
where they have since resided. The next house
was built by Charles Brouse, and then the following
persons built fine houses in the order named, viz.,
Nicholas Ohmer, Dr. John H. Tilford, Oliver M.
Wilson, James M. Crawford.
On petition of Jacob B. Julian and eighty-two
other citizens and tax-payers, the town was incor-
porated June 2, 1873.
In the year 1874 the trustees of the Northwestern
Christian University (now Butler University) de-
cided to locate said college at this place, and in 1875
those persons who had been so persevering in their
efforts to secure the prize had the satisfaction of see-
ing their anticipation realized, and the college moved
to and located within the town. A more extended
account of this institution is given in the history of
the city of Indianapolis.
The first merchant in Irvington was William
Furrey. After him were the following : William H.
H. Shank, William W. Wilson, Cones & Huston,
and Omer Burger, the present merchant of the
village. Jacob A. Krumrine, the proprietor of the
first drug store, is still conducting the business.
Dr. Cotton was the first physician who
located in the place for the practice of medicine.
The next was Dr. Jacob A. Krunjrine, who at
present is retired. Dr. J. A. Tilford was the next.
Dr. Robert W. Long and John Daugherty are the
present physicians. Edgar Williams was the first
postmaster, and George Russell is the present one.
The Robinson Methodist Episcopal Chapel was
built for Sabbath-school purposes in the year 1880,
and will seat three hundred persons. It was named
after its founder, Mrs. L. 0. Robinson. In the year
1881 this lady minister held a protracted meeting in
the house and organized a Methodist Episcopal
Church class of about eighty persons, and she served
them as minister for a period of eighteen months.
The next minister was the Rev. John W. Turner,
who has been for two years and is still in pastoral
charge. The number of members is now about
eighty. Sabbath-school is held every Sabbath in
the year, with an average attendance of about one
hundred. James E. Downey is the superintendent.
The Christian Church has an organization in the
town, and its members hold their services in the col-
lege chapel. The church was organized at the time
Butler University was opened for the reception of
students. President Everets and Allen R. Benton
hold services alternately. The present membership
is nearly one hundred. Sabbath-school is also held
622
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
in the college chapel every Sabbath. Average at-
tendance is about one hundred and ten. Professor
Scott Butler is the superintendent.
The average daily attendance of all children in the
public school in 1883 was one hundred and eighty-
five, and the school was taught one hundred and sixty
days during the year.
Irvington contains, besides the University, a Meth-
odist Episcopal Church building, a handsome depot
built by the Panhandle Railroad in 1872, and front-
ing on Washington Irving Circle stands a magnificent
three-story brick public school building, which was
erected in 1874, and is valued at twenty thousand
dollars. The town has a telegraph-office (Western
Union), and a telephone-station connecting it with all
parts of the State. The street cars pass to and fro
between the place and Indianapolis every hour, and
arrangements have been perfected whereby special
passenger trains will be run by the Panhandle Rail-
road line between the points named. The town has
a post-office, an Odd-Fellows' lodge, one general dry-
goods store, one drug-store, a wagon-shop, a meat-
store, and a blacksmith-shop, and six hundred and
fifty-two inhabitants by the United States census of
1880.
Irvington Lodge, No. 508, I. 0. 0. F., was insti-
tuted Sept. 10, 1875, with the following-named mem-
bers : J. H. Tilford, John B. W. Parker, L. C. Kuhn,
B. F. Askren, John B. Wilson, C. C. Heizer, E. T.
Wells.
The present active membership is twenty, with the
following officers : Jonathan B. Roll, N. G. ; Devit
C. Devall, V. G. ; Thomas W. Wunnell, Sec. ; J. A.
Krumrine, Treas. ; Thomas W. Wunnell, Per. Sec.
The number of Past Grands is sixteen.
Churches. — The Cumberland Baptist Church dates
back to the fall of 1832, though it.s organization was
not fully effijcted until the following year. On the
20th of October, in the year first named, James
Parker, John Kitley, Lyman Carpenter, Dosha Car-
penter, and Sarah Pogue met at Cumberland, " in
order to converse upon the propriety of becoming a
constituted church, and it was agreed to be consti-
tuted on the faith of the Apostles," after which the
meeting adjourned to meet on the second Saturday
in November following, when they took steps pre-
liminary to formal organization, which was efiected
on the fourth Saturday in July, 1833. at which time
there were present at the meeting in Cumberland
Ezra Fisher and Samuel McCormick from the Indian-
apolis Baptist Church, Joseph Clark and Joel Black-
ledge from the Bethel Baptist Church. Ezra Fisher
was chosen moderator, and Joseph Clark clerk, and
by the usual proceedings the Cumberland Baptist
Church was fully organized with the following-named
members : John Kitley, Lyman Carpenter, Ambrose
Shirley, Anna Kitley, Elizabeth Shirley, Hannah
Hathway, and Sarah Pogue.
The first pastors were Thomas Townsend, Ebenezer
Smith, and Madison Hume. Thomas Houston was
pastor for twenty years previous to the last year. A
new church building is now being erected, though
the membership is but small.
Pleasant Run Baptist Church was organized in
1832, with the following members : John Pogue and
wife, Caleb Clark and wife, William Herrin and wife,
Joseph Clark and wife, James Ferguson and wife,
Jennison Hawkins, moderator. This church dis-
banded in 1856.
Mount Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church was
organized in 1830. It is in the southeastern part of
the township, and is in a very weak condition at
present.
Old Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church was or-
ganized about 1840. It was disbanded for several
years, but was reorganized about 1878, and a new
church house built in 1882. This church is in the
northern part of the township.
Robinson Chapel Mission, Methodist Episcopal
Church, located in Irvington, just north of National
road, in 1877. The first pastor was Mrs. L. 0.
Robinson, the present pastor Rev. J. W. Turner.
The church has been in a flourishing condition from
the beginning.
The Christian Church in Irvington was organized
in 1874. Meetings are held in Butler University
chapel.
The German Lutheran Church was built in 1874,
in the southwestern part of the township, on the
Michigan road.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
623
The German Presbyterian Church edifice, in the
southeastern part of the township, was built about
1877.
Schools. — The first school-house in the township
was on the farm owned by Andrew Morehouse. It
was built by a man who 'had taken a lease of the
farm and then left it. It was of round logs, about
twenty feet square, with a fireplace in one end eight
feet wide. The outside was a bank of dirt, sur-
rounded by lojis. On an appointed day the neighbors
all assembled to transform it into a school-house.
One log was cut out of the side for light, little sticks
were fastened across at intervals, and then greased
paper fastened on instead of glass. A door was cut
in one end, then the splinters were shaved from a
puncheon, large wooden pins fastened in the wall, and
the puncheon laid on them and fastened down for a
writing-desk. The seats were made of saplings
about eight inches in diameter, split, and wooden legs
fastened in. This completed the model school-house
of that period. On the morning that school opened
the parents came with their children from all direc-
tions, cutting paths and blazing trees as guides for
the children, some of them having as high as three
miles to come to school. At Christmas it was de-
cided to turn the " master" out, and not let him in
until he promised to " treat." This was done, and
the required promise made. Then came the ques-
tion of what to treat with. There were no apples,
and no money to buy with if there had been. One
of the patrons generously proffered a bucket of
whiskey (they had no jugs), and another, home-made
sugar to sweeten it. On the day of the treat the
children turned out in full force. The " master"
mixed his toddy, seated the children in rows, and
then with his bucket and tin cup passed up and down
the rows, giving each one as much as he thought
they could stand. Then the children were permitted
to go out to play, and in a short time they were again
called in, and they did not tarry on the grounds.
The same process was repeated until all the toddy
was used. This was the first " treat" of school-
children in Warren township, and patrons, " master,"
and children were all delighted with it.
In 1827 a school-house was built on land of James
C. Ferguson, and school was first taught in it by
James O'Brien. In the east part of the township
a school-house was built in 1831 on land owned by
David Woods. In this house the first teacher was
Elias H. Shimer. These and most of the other
early school-houses of the township were of about
the same kind as the one first described, but it is not
to be understood that the custom of treating the
scholars to whiskey at Christmas was generally
observed, as in the case before mentioned.
Warren township has now eleven school-houses, as
follows : No. 1 (brick), in the northeast corner of the
township ; No. 2 (frame), in the north part ; No. 3
(frame), in the northwest part ; No. 4 (frame), just
north of Irvington ; No. 5 (two-story frame), in centre
of township ; No. 6 (frame), two miles west of Cum-
berland ; No. 7 (frame), in southejist part of town-
ship; No. 8 (frame), south side of township; No. 9
(frame), southwest part; No. 10 (two-story frame),
at Cumberland ; No. 1 1 (frame), north side of town-
ship. At Irvington there is one public-school build-
ing, a large two-story brick, and three teachers are
employed.
The number of schools taught in the township in
1883 was twelve (one graded). The average daily
attendance was 277. Total number of children
admitted to the schools, 436 ; number of teachers
employed, 12 (seven male and five female). Average
number of days taught in the year, 158. Number
of teachers' institutes held in the township during
the year, 8. Valuation of school-houses and sites,
$20,000.
CHAPTER XXVII.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.'
The township of Washington is the central one in
the northern tier of townships of Marion County,
being bounded on the west by Pike, on the south by
Centre, on the east by Lawrence townships, and on
the north by Hamilton County. The principal
1 By George W. Lancaster, Esq.
624
HISTOKY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
streams (and the only ones of any importance) are
White River and Fall Creek. The former enters the
township near its northeast corner, and flows thence
diagonally across the township in a very meandering,
but generally southwest, course to a point a little east
of the southwestern corner, where it passes into Cen-
tre township. Fall Creek, coming in from Lawrence,
flows southwestwardly across the southeast part of
Washington township into Centre. Several incon-
siderable streams, tributaries of White River, enter
it within the territory of Washington, chiefly from
the west. The surface of this township is much
like that of the others of the county, ranging from
flat bottom-lands to undulating uplands, which, in
some parts, may be termed hilly. The soil is, in
general, good, and in some parts exceedingly fertile,
yielding abundant returns to the farmer for the labor
expended on it. The population of the township in
1880 was two thousand three hundred and ninety-
nine, as shown by the returns of the United States
census of that year.
Washington township was laid ofi" and erected by
order of the county commissioners, April 16, 1822,
with boundaries as described in the general history
of the county. In November, 1826, the western
boundary was changed by order of the county board,
by including in Washington three sections of land
taken from Pike, in survey township 16 north, of
range 3 east, leaving that boundary line as it is at the
present time.
When Washington township was erected, in April,
1822, the commissioilers ordered that it be joined
with Lawrence as one township, neither being then
sufiSciently populous for separate organization. This
union continued until Sept. 4, 1826, when the county
board of justices ordered Lawrence to be taken from
Washington, leaving the latter as a separate and
independent township. Following is a list of ofiScers
of Washington township during the sixty-two years
of its existence, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Joel Wright, June 15, 1822, to Sept. 5, 1825; resigned.
William D. Rooker, June 22, 1822, to June 6, 1827.
Hiram Bacon, Oct. 15, 1825, to Jan. 4, 1830 j resigned.
(The three above named served as justices for Washington
and Lawrence while they were united as one township.)
Joel Wright, July 22, 1827, to April, 1828; died.
Edward Koberts, June 28, 1828, to June 20, 1833.
Abraham Bowen, Feb. 20, 1830, to Feb. 12, 1835.
Daniel R. Smith, Oct. 30, 1833, to Oct. 23, 1838.
Abraham Bowen, April 18, 1835, to April 6, 1840.
John R. Anderson, Not. 30, 1836, to Sept. 23, 1837; resigned.
William R. Deford, Oct. 17, 183C, to March 1, 1841; resigned.
Lorenzo Vanscyoo, June 20, 1838, to June 2, 1843.
Daniel R. Smith, Dec. 3, 1838, to July 25, 1842; resigned.
Walter A. Bridgford, Deo. 12, 1839, to Dec. 7, 1844.
Charles Hallam, April 20, 1840, to April 15, 1845.
Henry B. Evans, April fi, 1841, to Oct. 2, 1841 ; resigned.
Daniel R. Brown, Nov. 24, 1841, to Jan. 13, 1846; resigned.
Anthony Williams, Sept. 20, 1842, to April 18, 1846; resigned.
Lorenzo Vanscyoc, July 22, 1843, to July 3, 1848.
Eli Heaton, April 29, 1845, to Aug. 29, 1853 ; resigned.
John Essary, Feb. 27, 1846, to Feb. 27, 1851.
Cary H. Boatright, June 9, 1846, to March 1, 1847; resigned.
James S. Hensley, April 22, 1847, to Feb. 28, 1851 ; resigned.
William B. Bridgford, July 6, 1848, to July 4, 1852.
David Huff, April 21, 1851, to April 21, 1856.
William Stipp, April 29, 1854, to April 29, 1858.
James G. Featherston, Nov. 1, 1855, to Nov. 1, 1859.
John Essary, April 19, 1858, to Deo. 1, 1864; resigned.
William Stipp, May 24, 1858, to April 19, 1862.
Emsley Wright, Nov. 1, 1859, to April 9, 1863; resigned.
Benjamin Tyner, April 19, 1862, to April 19, 1866.
James W. Schooley, Nov. 4, 1863, to Dec. 10, 1864; resigned.
George W. Deford, April 21, 1865, to April 21, 1869.
Benjamin Tyner, April 21, 1866, to Jan. 2, 1869; resigned.
Calvin Fortner, April 25, 1866, to April 12, 1870.
George W. Deford, April 24, 1869, to April 24, 1873.
John W. Vanscyoc, May 1, 1869, to April 16, 1873.
James Logan Groves, Nov. 25, 1870, to Oct. 25, 1874.
John W. Vanscyoo, April 24, 1873, to present time.
John P. Moore, Oct. 30, 1874, to Aug. 15, 1875 ; died.
John Stipp, Oct. 25, 1870, to May 15, 1880; died.
Alexander Culbertson, April 21, 1877, to April 21, 1881.
Gilbert Justice, May 15, 1880, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Henry C. Green, Deo. 16, 1881, to April 15, 1882.
Daniel W. Heaton, April 15, 1882, to Aug. 13, 1883 ; resigned.
Alexander Culbertson, Sept. 4, 1883, to April 15, 1886.
David Huff, April 11, 1859, to April 19, 1860.
Jacob C. Coil, April 19, 1860, to April 13, 1861.
Lorenzo Vanscyoc, April 13, 1861, to April 22, 1862.
William Vance, April 22, 1862, to April 12, 1865.
Hiram A. Haverstick, April 12, 1865, to Oct. 19, 1872.
John H. Smith, Oct. 19, 1872, to Oct. 23, 1874.
William H. Sharpe, Oct. 23, 1874, to May 11, 1876.
Hiram A. Haverstick, May 11, 1876, to April 14, 1880.
James Mustard, April 14, 1880, to April 14. 1S82.
George W. Lancaster, April 14, 1SS2, for two years.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
625
ASSESSOBS.
Joel Wright, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 5, 1829.
Daniel R. Smith, Jan. 5, 1829, to March 7, 1836.
David Bowen, March 7, 1836.
Young Em. R. Wilson, Jan. 2, 1837.
Carlton R. Smith, Jan. 2, 1837, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Daniel R. Brown, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
Jacob Roberta, Jan. 6, 1840, to Dee. 6, 1841.
Jacob Roberts, Dec. 6, 1852, to Nov. 18, 1854.
Ira Keeler, Nov. IS, 1854, to Jan. 6, 1857.
William Shartz, Jan. 6, 1857, to Deo. 13, 1858.
Jacob Roberts, Dec. 13, 1858, to Dec. 10, 1864.
John Essary, Dec. 10, 1866, to Aug. I, 1873.
Benjamin Tyner, March 27, 1875, to Nov. 6, 1876.
Daniel W. Beaton, Nov. 6, 1876, to April 15, 1S80.
Samuel Sheets, April 15, 1880, to April 14, 1882.
William H. Wheeler, April 14, 1882, to April 14, 1884.
One of the earliest, if not the very first, of the
pioneer settlers who came to make their homes within
the territory now embraced in the township of Wash-
ington was John Allison. He was born in Virginia
about 1759, and went from there to Lexington, Ky.,
at the age of fourteen years, with his parents. Sub-
sequently he moved to Nicholas County, Ky., and
from tliere came to this township in October, 1819.
He came through with his family, consisting of wife
(formerly Anna Gray) and eight children, via Brook-
ville, Iiid., in wagons, cutting his road for quite a dis-
tance between here and Brookville. He left two
married daughters in Kentucky, who subsequently
came here. He entered eighty acres near where
Alli.sonville now stands (at present owned by the
Widow Devanberger), upon which he resided till his
death, September, 1837. He was a hard-working,
industrious citizen, and followed farming all his life.
He at one time owned two hundred and seventy
acres in one body, two hundred acres of which he
cleared. His wife died Jan. 2, 1838. When Mr.
Allison settled here in the woods, his nearest neigh-
bors were William Coats and Joseph Coats, who lived
two miles distant in a northwest direction. He lived
there about nine years before his family enjoyed tbe
privileges of even a subscription school. The Indians
were in the neighborhood for three years after he sel>
tied. Mr. Allison laid out the town of AUisonville.
He was a Freemason for years before he came to this
State, and was regarded as a moral, industrious,
sociable citizen. He took a great interest in the
schools, and everything tending to the advancement
of civilization. The following were the names of his
children : Mary, Martha, Jane, Malinda, Julia Ann,
Nancy, John, David, Charles, and William. Only
two, Nancy and William, are now living. The former
is the widow of William Orpurd. Both live in this
county, and are the oldest residents now living in this
part of the county. Few, if any, persons now living
in this county have resided here for so long a time as
they.
Charles Allison was born in Kentucky, and came
from that State to this township with his parents in
October, 1819, and settled near where the town of
AUisonville now is, and where he remained with his
parents until thirty-five years of age. He owned
eighty acres east of AUisonville, now owned by the
Widow Sterrett. He removed to Howard County,
Ind., and established a trading-post eight miles east
of Kokomo, on Wild Cat, where he traded with the
Indians for some time. He followed farming and
teaming while he lived here, and was a merchant
while in Howard County. He kept the first store
ever kept in Kokomo. He died about 1864, and his
widow and one child are now living in Kokomo.
David Allison was born in Kentucky, and came
from- that State to this township with his ftither,
John Allison, in the year 1819. He resided with
his parents until about 1840, when he married Ma-
tilda Ellery and went to West Liberty, Hamilton
Co., this State, where he continued to reside until
his death, in 1878. He belonged to the Methodist
Church twenty years prior to his death. His widow
and one child are now living near West Liberty.
Hiram Bacon, Sr., was born in Williamstown,
Mass., on March 14, 1801. He was of English
descent. He came to Indiana about 1819, and for
about one year was a member of a government survey-
ing party that surveyed land in this part of the State.
He then returned to his home and married Mary A.
Blair, and on the day of his marriage emigrated to
Indiana with his wife, and settled in this township
in 1821. He purchased two hundred and forty acres
from William Bacon, who had entered it from the
government. A portion of Malott Park is upon the
626
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
farm. Subsequently he bought one hundred and
forty-five acres from Arthur Williams. He built his
first cabin in the dense woods, and made the sash for
its window with his pocket-knife. That was the first
glass window in that part of the county. An Indian
brush-fence surrounded his cabin, and within the
inclosure was an Indian well. He operated not only
the first, but the most extensive cheese dairy ever in
Marion County. Beginning the business on his farm
in 1830, he continued it for twenty years. He was
a member of the first Presbyterian Church ever
built in Indianapolis, and he hauled with his oxen
the logs used in its construction. He joined the
Presbyterian Church in early life, and was a con-
sistent member of that denomination until his death.
He took great interest in all church matters, and
held various official positions in it. His vocation
was that of a farmer. He was justice of the peace
in this township for a period of twelve years. In
politics he was a Whig, and then a Republican. He
was one of the leading citizens of the township, and
was noted for his strict integrity. His first wife
died in November, 1863; he remarried, and in
August, 1882, he died. Seven children survive
him, viz. : Electa (widow of William P. Thornton),
Helen (wife of Charles A. Howland), George, Hiram,
Mary A. (wife of B. F. Tuttle), William, and Caro-
line (wife of George W. Sloan).
William Bacon was born in Williamstown, Mass.,
about 1798. He came to Indiana a single man soon
after his brother Hiram, and settled on land about
one mile north of where Malott Park now is. There
he lived till his death, in about 1863. He married
Deborah, daughter of Hezekiah Smith, Sr., soon after
his arrival here. He was a farmer, and a member of
the Masonic fraternity. In politics he was a Demo-
crat. He lived a proper life for years, and left behind
him a large and valuable estate.
Hezekiah Smith, Sr., was born in Delaware, April
18, 1763. At the age of sixteen he entered the
Revolutionary army, and was in nine battles. His
eldest brother, Daniel, was killed in the Revolutionary
war. His brother Simeon was also in the same war,
and also in the war of 1812, and lived to enjoy the
blessings for which he fought. The subject of this
sketch married Mary Ann Rector, who was born in
Virginia, Feb. 12, 1776. Her mother died when she
was an infant, and she was raised by her uncle, Pres-
ley Neville, in Pittsburgh, Pa. The Rector family
was large, and many of them emigrated to Ohio, where |
a number of their descendants now reside on Mad '
River, in Champaign and Clark Counties. Hezekiah
Smith was a local preacher of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church ; by trade he was a wagon-maker, and
worked at that business in the Bluelicks, Nicholas
County, Ky. ; but subsequently he bought a farm on
Indian Creek, and partially quitting his trade, followed
farming. The following are the names of his chil-
dren, viz.: Betty, Susan, Deborah, Daniel R., Peter,
Hezekiah, Nancy, Simeon, Miles C , Carlton R., and
Marcus L. The seven sons all reached manhood and
became sober, industrious, and useful citizens. But
two of the children are living, viz., Susan Chinn, in
Colorado, and Marcus L. Smith, in Argos, Ind. In
1820, Mr. Smith sold his farm in Kentucky and moved
his family to this township, and settled in the woods
Oct. 27, 1820, about one half-mile east of where
Broad Ripple now is, and on the west half of north-
east quarter of section 6, township 16, range 4 east.
At that time there were but two or three cabins be-
tween where he settled and the donation, as Indian-
apolis was then called. Mr. Smith and his son Peter
had came out to where the family settled and made
an improvement, and raised a crop of corn the spring
before. The family lived in camp for six weeks after
arrival here, when a cabin was built, into which they
moved before winter.
Mr. Smith was a man of extraordinary memory,
of strong and vigorous mind, and a great reader.
After an illness of four weeks he died, on the 26th
day of August, 1824, in the sixty-second year of his
age, and his remains were buried in the burial-
ground on the Hiram Bacon land. He was the first
person buried in that graveyard. His widow re-
mained on the old homestead, and kept the family
together until her death, Oct. 3, 1837.
Daniel R. Smith, son of Hezekiah Smith, Sr., and
Mary Ann, his wife, was born in Mason County,
Ky., near May's Lick, in a log cabin, on the 4th of
October, 1801. He emigrated to this township with
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
627
his parents Oct. 27, 1820. He remained with the
family until shortly after his marriage to Margaret
N., eldest daughter of John Nesbit, on Nov. 11,
1834. He then began life for himself and wife, set-
tling on the farm now owned by his son, John H.
There he lived the remainder of his life. When
comparatively a young man he was elected justice of
the peace, in which capacity he served five years, and
was re-elected to the same ofiBce, and commissioned
for five years on, the 3d day of December, 1838.
He served a part of the term, but resigned to accept
the office of associate judge of the Circuit Court, to
which he was elected in August, 1842, and served
for a period of seven years from the 8th of April,
1843. In 1849 he was re-elected to the same office
for seven years from April 8, 1850, and served in
that capacity until the office was abolished. On
Sept. 20, 1851, he was admitted as an attorney and
counselor-atlaw, with authority to practice in the
circuit and inferior courts of Indiana, and he fol-
lowed that profession the rest of his life. Soon
after the establishment of the new Constitution he
was elected one of the township trustees, and served
as such for three years, during which time he as-
sisted in the organization of the public-school system
in the township. He was a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church at the time of his death, and
for ten years prior to that time. He always took an
active part in promoting the cause of religion. He
wa.s one of the leading citizens of the township ; of
steady habits, moral, industrious, and sociable. He
was a good and kind neighbor, and was a great en-
courager of every laudable public enterprise. His
wife died Aug. 11, 1854, and he died April 4, 1875.
He left two children, John H. and Mary Ann. The
son is now living on the old homestead where he was
born, near Malott Park, and is by occupation a
farmer. The daughter is the wife of Dr. Greenly B.
Woollen, and resides in Indianapolis.
Peter Smith, the second son of Hezekiah Smith,
Sr., was born in Kentucky, Sept. 27, 1803. He
emigrated to this township with his father's family
in 1820, and remained with his parents till after his
father's death. He learned the gunsmith trade, and
afterwards became a physician and practiced medicine
a few years in the neighborhood of Millersville. He
married in 1825, and a few years afterwards went to
Nashville, Tenn., thence to New Orleans, where he
took the gold fever about 1849 and went to San
Francisco, Cal., where he established a hospital. He
was in South America a while, but returned and
went to Europe, settling in England, where he died
Oct. 9, 1866. He was a very successful practitioner
of medicine, and for many years a consistent member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Hezekiah Smith, Jr., was born Nov. 29, 1805, in
Kentucky, and in 1820 emigrated to this township
with his parents, with whom he lived till after his
father's death. He married in June, 1829, and
lived for several years about half a mile southeast of
Millersville, on the east part of the farm now owned
by William A. Schofield. He joined the Methodist
Church at an early date, and was ordained a minister
of the gospel, and preached with good effect for many
years. He died in Indianapolis Dec. 4, 1879.
James Ellis was born in Tennessee about 1798.
He came to the township a single man in March,
1820, and settled one half-mile southwest of where
Millersville now is. He lived for a while on the farm
now owned by David Huffs heirs. He was an in-
dustrious, moral citizen. He married Leah Cruise,
who is now living on the old homestead. She has
in her possession a large dish which her husband
bought of Mrs. Garner sixty-five years ago. Mr.
Ellis died in 1845. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis raised four
children, three of whom are living. Alfred lives on
the old homestead. Henry is in Colorado, and Palina,
the wife of William J. Millard, Jr., lives in Iowa.
When Mr. Ellis came into this township there were
no schools, no preaching, nothing but woods, wild
animals, and Indians. He assisted in the burial of
the first white person that ever died in Lawrence
township, this county.
Martin McCoy, wife, and children came from Ken-
tucky to this township with Henry Cruise in 1820.
His wife died in 1821. He was a great hunter and
trapper. He was with the Indians most of the time ;
was missing, and it was supposed that the Indians
killed him.
Henry Cruise was born in North Carolina in 1760.
628
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
He came to Daviess County, Ind., from Ohio in Oc-
tober, 1816, and thence to this township in June,
1820. He came up White River in a boat with his
family, and Martin McCoy and family to within eight
miles of Indianapolis, and the rest of the way in
wagons. His wife's maiden name was Susannah
Cress. He settled in the woods on Fall Creek, near
where the Wabash Railroad crosses. In 1824 he
went to Illinois, and died there. He was a member
of the Presbyterian Church, aud by occupation a
farmer. He was the father of ten children, six of
whom are now living.
William Hardin was born in Virginia in 1780.
He came from Lawreuceburg to this township in
1820, and entered one hundred and sixty acres, now
owned by Joseph Schofield. He lived there eighteen
years, then went to Iowa, where he died about 1858.
He was of Baptist belief, but not a member of the
church. He was a very industrious, moral citizen,
and by occupation a farmer.
Joel Wright, one of the first settlers of Washing-
ton township, was born in Stokes County, N. C., on
the 5th of February, 1793, and was married to
Sarah Byerby on the 10th of September, 1812, in
North Carolina. They moved from there to Indiana
in May 12, 1813, settling temporarily in what is now
Wayne County, on the west fork of White Water.
From there they moved to Washington township,
Marion Co., on the 22d day of December, 1821.
Joel Wright was appointed one of the first justices
of the peace for Washington township. When his
term expired he was run again, and received the
largest vote, being elected over Hiram Bacon, Esq., in
1826.
On the 1st of April, 1828, Mr. Wright cut the
artery in his left leg below the knee. On the 6th,
Drs. Dunlap and Kitchen amputated the limb about
four inches above the knee, and three days afterwards
Mr. Wright died, leaving Sarah Wright, his wife,
with seven children, — Alfred, Mary, Jincy, Emsley,
Phebe, Elizabeth, and Lucinda. On the 25th of
August, 1828, another child, Joel Wright, was born.
Mrs. Wright lived a widow all the rest of her life,
and raised the eight children. She died at the age
of seventy-six years.
Conrad Colip was born in Pendleton County, Va.,
about 1795. In 1821 he came to this township with
his family and settled on one hundred and sixty acres
now owned by James Bridges. He followed farming
all his life, and was a moral man and a good citizen.
He left the township about 1852 and went to St.
Joseph County, Ind., where he died several years
ago.
Jacob Hushaw, who was of German descent, was
born in Virginia. He came to this township from
Ohio in 1821, and settled near where Broad Ripple
now is. He was a carpenter by trade, and a good
mechanic. He died on his old homestead about
1843.
Zachariah Collins, with his wife and family, came
from Mason County, Ky., to this township about
1821, and entered one hundred and sixty acres of
land, now owned by David Allen. He was a farmer,
industrious, and a good neighbor. He lived there
till about 1840, then sold to Mr. Allen, and went to
near Bloomingtou, Iowa, where he bought a farm,
and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. He
was one of the first settlers in the township.
The earliest assessment-roll of Washington town-
ship that can now be found is that of the year 1829,
which, being complete, shows, of course, very nearly
who were the male adult inhabitants of the township
at that time. The following names, taken from it,
are those of men then resident in the township who
were assessed on no real estate, viz. :
Alexander Ayers. Ellis Bunnell.
Chaijes Allison. Robert Barnhill.
Willis Atkins. Robert Brown.
David Allison. Daniel Bowes.
Jacob Applegate. James Cook.
Thomas Blaekerby. Daniel Clark.
John Burrough. James Cochran.
Robert Branson. George Clark.
William Brunson. Richard Clark.
Jonathan Brunson. Absalom Cruise.
Thomas Brunson. William Deford.
Evan Ballenger. Squire Dawson.
John Burns. James Ellis.
John Brady. Ephraim Elkins.
John Brady, Jr. Charles Ecret.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
629
Ralph Fults.
Jacob Hush aw.
William Hart.
Caleb Harrison.
John Harrison.
Benjamin Inman.
Thomas Jackson.
John Jackson.
Noah Jackson.
Nathan Johnson.
Milton Johnson.
James Kimberlain.
Jacob L. Kimberlain.
Jefferson Keeler.
John Kimberlan.
Samuel Leeper.
Robert Leeper.
Samuel Lakin.
Andrew Leeper.
John Mansfield.
Zebedee Miller.
John Miller.
Michael Miller.
Alexander Mills.
John McCoy, Jr.
William Mansfield.
John Medsker.
John G. Mcllvain.
William McCoy.
The same assessment-roll gives the following names-
of persons resident in Washington township in 1829,
and who were owners or holders of the lands respec-
tively described, viz. :
John Allison, the west half of the southwest quarter
of section 21, township 17, range 4, and the east half
of the northeast quarter of section 29 in the same
townshi[i.
William Appleton, the north half of the northwest
quarter of section 14, township 16, range 3.
Abraham Bowen, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 24, township 17, range 3. Mr.
Bowen lived in the north part of the township, and
died only a very few years ago. Several of his family
are now living in the township.
James Brown, the east half of the southwest
William Mcllvain.
William McClung.
Daniel Miller.
Edmund Newby.
William Orpurd.
Barrett Parrish.
Adam Pense.
Nicholas Porter.
James Porter.
Jonathan Ray.
John Ray.
John Smith.
Isaac Stephens.
Isaac Simpkins.
David Sharp.
John Shields.
Hezekiah Smith.
Samuel P. Sellers.
Harvey Steers.
Thomas Todd.
Jacob Triggs.
Richard Vanlandingham.
William Viney.
Joseph Watts.
Edward Watts.
Richard Watts.
Edward Wells.
Robert Williamson.
quarter of section 30, township 17, range 4. Mr.
Brown came to this township from Kentucky in
1824.
Hiram Bacon, Esq., the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 5 ; the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 6, and the east half of the north-
east quarter of section 7, all in township 16, range 4.
William Bacon, the southwest quarter of section
31, and the southwest quarter of section 32, in town-
ship 17, range 4.
James Bonnell, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 35 ; the southwest quarter of sec-
tion 25 ; the east half of the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 26, and the north half of the southwest quarter
of section 35, all in township 17, range 3.
Jesse Ballinger, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 9, township 16, range 4.
Zachariah Collins, the northwest quarter of section
18, township 16, range 4.
Joseph Coats, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 21, township 17, range 4, and the
north half of the northeast quarter of same section.
Conrad Colip, the north half of the northeast
quarter of section 12, township 16, range 3; the
south half of the southeast quarter of section 1, same
township, and one hundred and forty acres in the
northeast and southeast quarters of section 19, town-
ship 17, range 4.
Jacob Coil, the south half of the southwest quar-
ter of section 36, township 17, range 3; eighty-eight
acres in the northwest quarter of same section ; the
south half of the northeast quarter of section 12,
township 16, range 3 ; and the north half of the
northeast quarter of section l,same township.
William Crist, the east half of the southwest quar-
ter of section 5, township 16, range 4.
Isaac Coppuck, fifty acres in the southeast quarter
of section 17 and northeast quarter of section 20,
township 17, range 4.
William Coats, the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 29, township 17, range 4.
Solomon Cruise, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 31, township 17, range 4.
Fielding Clark, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 32, township 71, range 4.
630
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Robert Dickerson's heirs, the west half of the
southeast quarter of section 6, township 16, range 4.
William Duffield, all the land east of the river in
section 2, township 16, range 3, and the east half of
the northeast quarter of section 11, township 16,
range 3.
Elijah Dawson, the southwest quarter and the east
half of the northeast quarter of section 6, and the
west half of the northwest quarter of section 5, all
in township 16, range 4; also the west half of the
northeast quarter and the east half of the same sec-
tion, in township 17, range 4 ; forty acres in the
southeast quarter of section 12, township 16, range
3 ; and the north half of section 36, township 17,
range 3.
John Fox, the east half of the southwest quarter
of section 3, township 16, range 3, and the east half
of the southeast quarter of section 9, same township.
Noah Flood, the east half of the northeast quarter
of section 24, township 16, range 4.
John Gwin, the north half of the northeast quar-
ter of section 14, township 16, range 3.
Garret Garrison, the south half of the southeast
quarter of section 10, township 16, range 3.
Jonas Hoover, the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 14, township 16, range 3.
William Hobson, the west half of the southeast
quarter and the east half of the southwest quarter of
section 24, township 17, range 3.
Lewis Hoffman, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 18, township 17, range 4.
Philip Hardin, forty acres in the east half of
the northwest quarter of section 12, township 16,
range 3.
Jonas Hoffman, the northwest quarter of section
6, township 16, range 4, and the part east of the
river (sixty acres) of the southeast quarter of section
36, township 17, range 3 ; five acres east of river in
the southwest quarter of the same section, and forty
acres west of the river in the southwest and southeast
sections, same township.
William Hardin, the northeast quarter of section
18, township 16, range 4, and forty acres in the east
half of the northwest quarter of section 12, township
16, range 3.
Henry Hardin, Sr., the north half of the east half
of the southeast quarter of section 7, township 16,
range 4.
John Johnson, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 18, township 16, range 4.
Thomas Keeler, fifty acres in the south half of
the southwest quarter of section 35, township 17,
range 3.
Elias Leming, ninety-eight acres in the southeast
quarter of section 2, township 16, range 3.
Noah Leverton, the south half of the northeast
quarter of section 14, township 16, range 3.
Thomas A. Long, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 5, township 16, range 4.
Samuel MoCormick, the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 15, township 16, range 3.
James McCoy, the east half of the northwest quar-
ter and the west half of the northeast quarter of
section 5, township 16, range 4.
John McCoy, the south half of the southeast
quarter and forty acres in the west half of the same
quarter of section 12, township 16, range 3.
George Medsker, the southwest quarter of section
17, township 17, range 4 ; also the west half of north-
east quarter, and the east half of the northwest quar-
ter of the same section.
James Mcllvain, Sr., the east half of the south-
west quarter of section 12, township 16, range 3.
Nathan McMillen, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 12, township 16, range 3.
Daniel McDonald, the northeast quarter of section
13, township 16, range 3.
Lyle McClung, the southeast quarter of section 8,
township 16, range 4.
Peter Negley, the southeast quarter of section 4,
township 16, range 4.
Edward Roberts, Esq., forty acres in the west half
of the northwest quarter of section 10, township 16,
range 3, and the west half of the southwest quarter
of the same section.
Jacob Roberts, the north half of the southeast
quarter of section 34, township 17, range 3.
Sargent Ransom, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 10, township 16, range 3.
John Richardson, one hundred and three acres
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
631
west of river in the southeast quarter of section 17,
and northeast quarter of section 20, township 17,
range 4.
William Ramsey, the south half of the northeast j
quarter of section 21, township 17, range 4.
David Ray, the northwest quarter of section 18,
township 17, range 4.
William D. Rooker, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 17, township 16, range 4.
John Reagan, Jr., the whole of section 20, town-
ship 17, range 4.
Samuel Ray, the south half of the northwest quar-
ter of section 28, township 17, range 3.
Isaac Stipp, the west half of the southwest quarter
of section 13, township 16, range 3.
Peter Smith, one hundred and fifteen acres in the
northwest quarter of section 6, township 16, range 4.
Mary Ann Smith, sixty-eight acres in the west
half of the northeast quarter of section 6, township
16, range 4.
John St. Clair, the north end (forty acres) of the
east half of the southeast quarter of section 7, town-
ship 16, range 4, and the southwest quarter of sec-
tion 8 in same township.
Daniel R. Smith, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 4, township 16, range 4.
Cornelius Van Scyock, the south half of the south-
east quarter of section 34, township 17, range 3.
John Van Blaricum, the west half of the south-
west quarter of section 15, township 16, range 3.
William Vincent, the east half of the southeast
quarter of section 13, township 17, range 3.
Isaac Whitinger. twenty-seven acres in the north-
west quarter of section 20, township 17, range 4, and
one hundred and forty-seven acres in the northeast
and southeast quarters of section 19, same township.
Henry Whitinger, the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 24, township 17, range 3, and
the northwest quarter of section 19, township 17,
range 4.
John West, the west half of the northwest quarter
of section 28, township 17, range 4.
Abraham Whitinger, one hundred and nineteen
acres in the northwest and northeast quarters of sec-
tion 30, township 17, range 3, and eighty-one acres
west of river, in the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 25, same township.
Francis Whitinger, one hundred and thirty-nine
acres in the northeast quarter of section 15, township
16, range 4.
Polly Wright, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 12, township 16, range 3.
Jacob Whitinger, the southwest quarter of section
19, township 17, range 4; the east half of the south-
east quarter of section 24, township 17, range 3 ; the
west half of the southeast quarter of section 23,
same township, and sixty-seven acres in the west
half of the southwest quarter of section 15, township
16, range 3.
Francis Williamson, the west half of the north-
west quarter of section 2, township 16, range 3.
James Mcllvain, Sr., was born in 1767 in Virginia,
and moved from there to Kentucky, thence to Ohio,
settling in each of those States. In the spring of
1821 he emigrated to Marion County, with his wife
and several children, settling at Indianapolis, where
he remained a short time, then moved into this town-
ship, settling on the land now owned by his son, S. H.
Mcllvain, and the heirs of Uriah Hildebrand. He
was a farmer by occupation, and was the first asso-
ciate judge of the Circuit Court in the county. For
years prior to his death he was a Christian, and was
one of the leading men in the township. His death
occurred Aug. 13, 1833.
James Mcllvain, Jr., was born near Lexington,
Ky., in the year 1798, and from there went to Ohio,
and thence to this county with his parents, and set-
tled where the city of Indianapolis now is in the
spring of 1821. Subsequently he settled where
North Indianapolis now is, and lived there till his
death, April 5, 1848. By occupation he was a
farmer, and he was one of the most extensive stock
traders ever in this county. He was a man of great
intelligence, shrewd and energetic. He was a mem-
ber of the Christian Church for twenty-five years
before his death. He was county commissioner
many years ago, serving as such two terms. S. H.
Mcllvain is his only child now living.
Henry Kimberlain was born in Hagerstown, Md.,
in 1766, and, on reaching manhood, went to Ken-
632
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tucky, where he was married to Olivira Patterson.
Subsequently he came to Harrison County, Ind.,
where he resided a few years, and in 1821 came with
his wife and ten children to this township, and en-
tered land now owned by William Whitesell's heirs,
half a mile north of where AUisonville now is. He
lived there until 1826, when he died. He was a
farmer all his life, and a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church for many years prior to his death.
He was a good, industrious citizen. Of the ten chil-
dren, but one is living, Sarah Ann, who lives in
Hamilton County, this State. The first preacher
who preached in the neighborhood of Mr. Kimber-
lain's was Joel Cravens, about 1824, when the circuit
extended from Pendleton to Morgan County.
John C. Kimberlain, a son of Henry Kimberlain,
was born in Kentucky in 1797, and came to this
township with his parents in the year 1821. He
never married, and was a farmer all his life, and a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church from
boyhood. He died about 1844.
Jacob L. Kimberlain, son of Henry Kimberlain,
was born in Kentucky about 1803. He came here
with his parents in 1821 and located with them, where
he lived till he was married to Nancy Butler. He
lived in this county several years, then moved to
Hamilton County, Ind., where he lived twelve years,
and thence went in 1861 to Iowa, where he died in
1864. His wife died the same year. He was a min-
ister of the Methodist Church for many years.
John Kimberlain was born in Kentucky in March,
1800. He came to this township in 1821, and entered
eighty acres one half-mile northeast of where AUison-
ville now is. He owned it but a short time, — worked
on the Wabash Canal, and was a contractor in the
work. He lived in this county seven years, and died
at Anderson, Ind., in 1840.
Fielding Clark came to this township a single man
from Bracken County, Ky., about 1822, and settled
on eighty acres now owned by Joshua Spahr, which
he paid for by clearing land. About 1830 he sold
the eighty acres to John Nesbit, and entered two
hundred acres just north of the old home place. He
lived there sixteen years and went to Missouri, where
he died about 1879. He was a farmer.
Thomas Brunson was born July 8, 1760, in Penn-
sylvania. He came to this township in 1826 from
Kentucky, and entered eighty acres, now owned by
Rev. R. D. Robinson. He followed farming all his
life, and lived there till his death, in 1839. He was
the father of William, Robert, and Jonathan Brunson,
and of four other children.
William Brunson was born April 8, 1795. He
married Martha Allison, and with her and four chil-
dren— Madison, Hulda, Jane, and Jefierson — came
to this township in the year 1825, and entered one
hundred and twenty acres, now owned by Erastus
Brunson and John Bear. He was a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church for twenty years prior
to his death, which occurred in the year 1876. In
all he had eight children, five of whom grew up to
manhood and womanhood, and three of whom are
DOW living, namely, Madison, Erastus, and Armelda.
They all have families and live in this township.
Robert Brunson was born Feb. 22, 1797, in Ken-
tucky, and came to this township in the year 1825.
He entered one hundred and sixty acres, now owned
by his son Leonidas. He married Jennie Allison,
whom, together with their daughter, Malinda, he
brought with him. Mr. Brunson was the father of
five children, three of whom are living, viz., Ma-
linda, who married Anthony Williams, from Ken-
tucky. She is now a widow, and and lives in Cicero.
Leonidas and Caroline live on the old place. Mr.
Bronson was a farmer ; a moral and industrious man.
Jonathan Brunson, son of Thomas Brunson, was
born in Harrison County, Ky., April 8, 1801. He
was married there to Mary Ann Henry, and in Octo-
ber, 1826, came from that State to this township with
his wife and son, Asher. He entered one hundred
and sixty acres, now owned by that son. He lived
there until 1849, then went to AUisonville, where he
lived until his death, Sept. 12, 1859. He followed
farming all his life, and was industrious, moral, and
frugal. He was a member of the Christian Church
for twenty-five years prior to his death. He was the
father of eight children. His widow, now seventy-
seven years of age, is still living in the township on
the old homestead with her son Asher.
Jacob Ringer, Sr., was born in the year 1757.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
633
He came from Maryland, bringing his wife and one
child with him to this township, in 1824, with a Lu-
theran colony, and settled on land now owned by
Perry Rhodes. His wife died there in 1842, and
Mr. Ringer then lived with his children till his death.
He was a Lutheran for many years. The daughter
who came here with him was named Lydia. She
subsequently married Hezekiah Smith, Jr., and lived
in the township many years. She died at Cicero, Ind.
Peter Negley was born in Pennsylvania in the
year 1777. He moved to Hamilton County, Ohio,
and thence, in March, 1823, emigrated to this town-
ship, and settled on Fall Creek, where Millersville
now is. He brought from Ohio with him his wife
and nine children, — four sons and five daughters, — as
follows: John, George H., David, Jacob, Elizabeth,
Katie, Eva, Sarah, and Margaret. Of these children
all are dead except Sarah (now Mrs. Mcintosh), who
lives in Greene County, Ind. He purchased four
eighty-acre tracts of land, and, in partnership with
Seth Bacon, built the first mill at Millersville. He
also founded the village of Millersville. He followed
milling a short time, and then farming the remainder
of his life. He was a Universalist in belief, and a
moral, industrious, and respected citizen. He died
at Millersville, Aug. Q, 1847. His wife survived
him four years.
Elijah Dawson was born in Virginia in 1781.
His wife's maiden name was Mary Ann Hardin.
He emigrated to Kentucky, lived there two years,
and went to Dearborn County, Ind., from whence he
came to this township in 1823, and settled on the
land now owned by his son Ambrose, and where he
resided till his death, in 1858. He was of Baptist
persuasion, but not a member of the church. He
was strictly moral and temperate in all his habits ;
was an industrious and valuable citizen, and good
neighbor, and he was never at law. He raised seven
sons to be sober, mural, good citizens. In all there
were ten children, named Squire, Matthias, Uriah,
Isabel, Ambrose, Mary Ann, Charles, Amanda, An-
drew, and Jackson. The first three named and Mary
Ann are dead ; Amanda lives in Knoxville, Tenn.,
the wife of Joseph Schofield ; Andrew lives in Cowles
Co., Kansas. The remainder are highly-respected citi-
zens of this township. There are several families of
Dawsons, all descendants of this one family, now
living in the township.
Squire Dawson, the eldest son of Elijah and Mary
Ann Dawson, was born in Lawrenceburg, Ind., in
1807. He came to this township with his parents in
1823. He was an exhorter and member of the Chris-
tian Church. He raised a large family of children,
of whom two are now living. He died in 1871.
Jacob Coil, Sr., was born in Hamilton County,
Va., about 1790. He was of German descent. He
I emigrated to Fayette County, Ohio, where he lived
1 several years, and from there came to this township
with his family, consisting of wife and several chil-
dren, in the year 1823, and settled on eighty acres
j now owned by James Bridges. In 1835 he moved
to near Broad Ripple, and died there in the fall of
^ 1837. By occupation he was a farmer. He was
moral and industrious, and in business a persevering
man. He took an active interest in all matters per-
1 taining to the public good. He followed the burning
1 of lime for several years during his residence in this
township, obtaining the rock for the purpose out of
the bed of White River. He burned many thousands
of bushels of lime every year. Most of the lime
used in the building of the old State-house was
burned by him. He married Barbara Colip, and
was the father of eight children, four of whom he
raised to maturity. Two are living, viz., Casandra,
the wife of Swartz Mustard, who lives in Broad
Ripple, and Sabina, the wife of Lewis H. Rickard,
who resides in Norton County, Kansas.
William Crist came to the township from White-
water in 1824, and settled on land now owned by
William Schofield, just north of Malott Park. He
served through the war of 1812, and was severely
wounded in the service. He with his family went to
Iowa about 1842.
Jonas Huffman was born in Virginia, and from
there went to Kentucky, where he settled for some
time. He then went to Ohio, and from there emi-
grated to this township with his family about 1824,
and entered one hundred acres on White River. The
land is now owned by James Huffman, his son. He
was a carpenter by trade, but followed farming for a
634
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
livelihood. He was a moral, upright citizen, and
took especial interest in all laudable public enter-
prises. He lived on the old homestead till hi.s death,
in 1861. His wife died in 1856. They were the
parents of nine children, seven of whom, — four sons
and three daughters, — became men and women.
Thomas A. Long was born in Carlisle, Nicholas
Co., Ky.; about 1796. He emigrated to this town-
ship about 1824 with his wife (formerly Peggy
McClanahan) and two children, and entered eighty
acres, now owned by Mrs. Mary A. Woollen. He is
a blacksmith by trade, and is now living in Howard
County, Ind., where he went about 1844. For sixty
years he has been a member of the Presbyterian
Church, and was one of the first and leading mem-
bers of the old Washington Presbyterian Church.
In Howard County he served as associate judge of
the Circuit Court, and afterwards as a justice of the
peace for many years. He is an influential business
man ; raised a large family, and they are all good
citizens and wealthy.
John Johnson was born and raised in Kentucky,
and emigrated to Indiana, and first settled on White-
water, near Brookville, where he remained till 1824,
when he came to this township with his wife (Louisa
Dawson) and two children (Louisa and Oliver), and
settled on one hundred and sixty acres of laud now
known as the G. H. Voss farm, where he continued
to reside till his death. He followed farming all his
life, and was a moral, upright man, and a valuable
citizen. He was always kind to the poor, and helped
those around him as much as his circumstances would
allow. He died about 1858, at the age of fifty-six
years.
Joseph Culbertson was born in Franklin County,
Pa., in 1766, and emigrated to Kentucky, where he
lived till 1829, when he came to this township with
wife and family, and settled on land now owned by
William Culbertson, his son, where he died in 1850.
He was a member and the founder of the Washing-
ton Presbyterian Church, which was built on his
farm. He was an elder in that church. He took
special interest in the schools and the public high-
ways, and was a promoter of all worthy enterprises.
In all he had eleven children, two of whom are
living, William Culbertson and Esther Jane Hahn,
the latter of whom resides in Maryland.
John Nesbit was born in Bourbon County, Ky.,
in 1782, and with wife and eight children emigrated
to this township in 1829. He bought eighty acres
of land (now owned by Joshua Spahr), and entered
eighty acres adjoining. He was a farmer, a mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church about thirty years,
and an elder and trustee of the Washington Presby-
terian Church. His wife's maiden name was Mary
McClure. She died in October, 1835. Mr. Ne-sbit
died in August of the same year. There were three
sons and five daughters. Joanna and William A.
died single, Nancy T. is the widow of A. G. Ruddle,
M.D., M. J. is the widow of Henry B. Evans,
Margaret married Daniel R. Smith, and Eliz. B.
married John P. Moore.
Joseph A. Nesbit, son of John and Mary Nesbit,
was born in 1821 in Kentucky. He emigrated to
this township with his parents, with whom he lived
until their death, in 1835. He then went to Ken-
tucky and remained one year, when he returned to
AUisonville, where he lived on a farm until 1841.
He then attended school at Centreville, Ind., for
two years, after which he taught school during the
winter months and farmed during the summer till
the winter of 1846. He then began the study of
medicine with Dr. Charles Ray, and during the
winter of 1848-49 he attended Jefferson Medical
College at Philadelphia. He located at AUisonville,
and practiced medicine till 1856, when he took the
second course of lectures in the above-named college,
and in March, 1857, graduated. Since that time he
has been a prominent and successful practitioner of
medicine at AUisonville. On the 22d of July, 1858,
he married Margaret Sterrett. Dr. Nesbit has been
a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for
nine years, and he is a member of Keystone Lodge,
No. 251, of F. and A. M. In politics he is a Re
publican.
Thomas McClintock, who was an early settler in
Marion County, and lived for several years nearly on
the line of Washington and Centre townships, was a
son of Joseph McClintock, who emigrated from Mary-
land to Kentucky, and settled at Hinkston Station,
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
635
in a block-house built for defense against Indians.
In that house Thomas was born in 1788. The fam-
ily afterwards moved to Harrison County, Ky., near
Cynthiana, whence, in November, 1829, he emigrated
to Indianapolis, coming at the solicitation of the Rev.
William R. Morehead, a Presbyterian clergyman, who
had previously come to Indianapolis from Kentucky.
Thomas McClintock lived in the town during the
winter following his arrival, and in the spring of
1830 moved out about one mile to the Johnson
farm, where he remained one year, and then removed
to lands which he had purchased at Sugar Flat,
where he died in September, 1837.
Thomas McClintock was a life-long member of the
Presbyterian Church. He had three sons and two
daughters. Of the latter, Rebecca died about 1853,
and Martha is now living in Greensburg, Decatur
Co., Ind. The mother died at her daughter Martha's
house about 1873. Of the sons, Joseph is living in
California, Tiiomas J. died about 1853, in Marion
County. The other son, William H. McClintock,
was born in the old block-house at Hinkston Station,
Ky., March 13, 1813, and moved^with his father's
family to Harrison County, Ky., and thence to In-
dianapolis. He lived with the family till his father's
death, and after that event owned eighty of the one
hundred and sixty acres of his father's farm at Sugar
Flat. In 1873 he sold out and moved to Indian-
apolis, where he remained eight years. In 1881 he
bought a house and land at Mapleton (about a half-
mile from his father's homestead), and is now living
there. At the age of fourteen years he joined the
Presbyterian Church at Stonermouth meetiDg-hou.se,
Bourbon County, Ky. In January, 1843, he married
Sarah Ann Mattox, near Booneville, Union Co.. Ind.
His wife being a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, induced him to leave the Presbyterians and
join the Methodists, and he is now one of the most
prominent members of the church of that denomina-
tion at Mapleton. He reared three sons, viz. : Thomas
A. (now a cla.ss-leader in the Mapleton Church),
Edmund A., also a member of the same church, and
living at San Jos6, Cal., and William D., who joined
his mother's church at the age of nine years, after-
wards studied medicine with Dr. Harvey, of Indian-
apolis, and located in practice in Kansas, where he
died in December, 1880.
An examination of the list of tax-payers of 1829
shows that of the Allison family, for whom AUison-
ville is named, there only remains in this town-
ship William, son of John Allison. There remain
in this township of the children of Abraham Bowen,
Peter, James, and Abraham, Jr., all honorable citi-
zens and farmers. James is, in addition to farming,
engaged in merchandising at the town of Nora. Of
the Brunson families there remain Erastus and
Madison, sons of William, and Asher and Noble, the
sons of Jonathan Brunson. Leonidas, the son of
Robert Brunson, is yet living in this township. Of
Hiram Bacon's family there are still living here Mrs. C.
A. Rowland and William Bacon. George and Hiram,
Jr., live in Shelby County, Ind. Mrs. B. F. Tuttle,
daughter of Hiram Bacon, lives in Indianapolis. Of
William Bacon's family there remains a grandson
(John Strangej, a very prosperous and wealthy
young farmer. Of James Bunnell's family, Reuben
is still living here, a prosperous and honored citizen,
having served several terms as township trustee.
Robert Barnhill is still living. D. Bowers has two
daughters and one son living in this township. Of
Jacob Coil's family there are still living in this town-
ship two daughters, Mrs. Volney Dawson and Mrs.
Hamilton Thompson. William Crist, so often elected
constable in the early history of this township, has no
descendants left;. He, in addition to serving as con-
stable, was or had been quite an Indian-fighter. It
is said by his niece, Mrs. Gerard Blue, who is still
living here, that Mr. Crist, in the early settling of
this county, went with two of his neighbors to the
mills on White Water, in the eastern part of the
State, and on their way back they were attacked by
the Indians in ambush. The two neighbors were both
killed and Crist severely wounded, but holding on to
his horse he was enabled to make his escape. He
had during his life on the frontier received eighteen
bullet-wounds from Indian guns.
Of the De Ford family there remains only George
W., son of William De Ford. He is an honorable
farmer and good citizen. Of Elijah Dawson's family,
Ambrose, Charles Jackson, and Mrs. Isabella Cul-
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
bertson, the mother of Alexander Culbertson, or, as
he is familiarly called, Squire Culbertson. Ambrose
Dawson is one of this township's best and most hon-
ored citizens, and has been a very successful farmer.
A few years since he divided his property to his chil-
dren, giving all of them a good farm, and in his old
age and declining years has the pleasure of seeing his
children all well started in life. Charles Dawson is,
in addition to being the wealthiest citizen of this
township, an honorable gentleman. He has a large
family of children, all of whom are at home except
the eldest daughter, who is married to Dr. Collins.
Matthias Dawson, one of Elijah's sons, has been dead
about six years. His son, W. M., is now living in
this township, and also two yoting sons by a second
wife. Jackson Dawson, son of Elijah, is still living
in this township, and is one of its best citizens, a suc-
cessful farmer and honorable citizen.
Of the heirs of James Ellis there remains in this
township Alfred Ellis. Of Jolin Fox there remains
his Sun, Raney Fox, a wealthy farmer. Of the Noah
Flood family there remains here Mrs. Gerard Blue,
with a family of four children, — one son, William J.
Blue, and three daughters. The oldest daughter was
the wife of G. W. Lancaster. She died in 1875,
leaving one son, Edwin G., and one daughter, Dovie.
The second daughter is the wife of L. G. Akin ; the
third daughter is the wife of C. G. King. Of the
heirs of John Johnson there remain Luther, Oliver,
and John V. Johnson, all very successful farmers,
honorable citizens, and intelligent men. Luther has
a family of two sons and three daughters, all at home
except the eldest daughter, Mrs. Amos Butterfield.
Oliver Johnson has three sons — James, Silas H., and
Frank P. — and one daughter, Mrs. Mary Lowe, wife
of W. A. Lowe, an attorney-at-law. Silas H. and
Frank P. are living in this township, and are intelli- I
gent, honest young farmers. John V. Johnson is
a bachelor, a very successful farmer, and good citizen.
Mrs. Ambrose Dawson (deceased), Mrs. Jackson
Dawson, Mrs. W. M. Dawson, and Mrs. Hiram
Haverstick are daughters of John Johnson.
Of James McCoy's heirs there remains Mrs. Rich-
ard Hope. Of James Mcllvain's family only S. H. !
Mcllvain, a successful farmer, remains. Of Ed-
mond Newby's family there remains Mrs. George
Stipp. Of Jacob Roberts' heirs there remains only
Mrs. William Scott. Of the heirs of David Ray
there are in this township Mrs. Jacob Whitesel, Mrs.
Jane McCoy, and another married daughter. Of the
heirs of David Sharpe there remains William H.
Sharpe, a wealthy farmer and successful business
man. Of the heirs of John Shields there are John
Shields, Jr., a succassful farmer and thorough busi-
ness man, and Mrs. Jane Dodd, wife of Peter Dodd.
Of the heirs of Daniel R. Smith, generally known as
Judge Smith, there remains John H. Smith, an in-
telligent farmer and one of our honored citizens,
having served two terms as township trustee and one
term as county commissioner, which term expired
Nov. 1, 1883. He is known as a careful, pains-
taking man in all of his business transactions, both
public and private. To him the writer of this brief
history of Washington township feels under lasting
obligations for counsel and assistance in the adminis-
tration of a public office. Mrs. Dr. Woollen and
Mrs. W. W. Woollen are both daughters of Daniel
R. Smith. Of the heirs of Cornelius Van Scyoc
there only remains his granddaughter, Mrs. James
Mustard, and daughter of Lorenzo Van Scyoc, who
was a son of Cornelius. Isaac Whitinger's widow is
still living in this township, being now the Widow
Kinsley. Henry Whitinger, son, and Mrs. Mary
Newby, daughter, of Isiiac Whitinger, are living in
this township. Of Joel Wriijht's family there re-
mains his son, Emsley, an attorney-at-law and ex-
tensive farmer, and the oldest settler in the township
now living. Mrs. Jincy Osborn is also a daughter of
Joel Wright. James T. Wright, an old citizen of this
township, is a grandchild, as are also Mrs. Mary John-
son and John Wright.
Of other old settlers who have come to this town-
ship since 1829 may be mentioned Dr. J. A. Nesbit,
who lives at Allisonville, a successful practicing phy-
sician, and also a large farmer. Jacob S. and James
Mustard, who are among the old settlers, are both
honored and intelligent citizens. James, the younger
of the two brothers, has a national reputation as a
breeder of the best strains of Poland China swine,
has also served as township trustee, and is in every
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
637
particular an excellent citizen. R. R. and Thomas C.
Hammond are also among the esteemed citizens and
wealthy farmers of the township. Benjandin Tyner
is another intelligent, successful old settler. James
Parsley is an old settler here, a successful business
man, and a good citizen.
Among the oldest and best citizens of the township
are the Hessong family, — John J., M. L., H. M.,
George, and Charles. Thomas and Jacob Sutton
are old settlers here. Jacob Whitesel came to this
township in 1835, and is one of its best citizens. He
has a largo family of sons and daughters, most of them
yet at home.
The Blue family is among the oldest of the town-
•ship. There are now in this township Uriah and
George, sons of the late Benjamin Blue, both intelli-
gent, upright farmers; Mrs. S. H. Mcllvain is also
daughter of Benjamin Blue. Mrs. Elizabeth F.,
widow of Peter Blue, has a large family of sons and
daughters, most of whom are at home. C. A. How-
land, a wealthy and honored citizen, who has repre-
sented this county in the Legislature, served as county
commissioner, and filled numerous places of trust in
this township and county, is living here. Isaac
Bomgardner is among the prosperous and thorough-
going citizens. William Bradley is another of the
substantial citizens.
The SODS of Daniel Pursel are among the best citi-
zens. Samuel, 0. J., and J. 0. are all living here,
prosperous and thorough farmers. James Hubbard,
aged ninety-nine years, who is probably the oldest
person living in Marion County, lives here. He is
hale and healthy, works regularly, and converses
with intelligence on any subject with which he has
ever been familiar.
There are no manufactories in Washington town-
ship, nor any very important towns or villages.
Broad Ripple and Wellington villages, on White
River, in the central part of the township, are the
most important. Malott Park, Millersville, and Al-
lisonville are villages in the eastern and southeastern
part of the township. Mapleton is on the south line,
adjoining Centre township, part of the village being
in Centre.
Nora is a village in the northern part of the town-
ship, having a railroad station on the Chicago Air-
Line, a post-office, two general country stores, two
blacksmith-shops, and a population of about one hun-
dred and fifty.
Sutton's Corners, also located in the north part of
the township, has a school-house (No. 11), one gen-
eral store, a blacksmith-shop, a drain-tile factory, and
a sub-post-office, which receives and distributes mail-
matter for and from Nora.
Broad Ripple village is situated seven miles north
of Indianapolis, on White River, and the Chicago
and Indianapolis Air-Line Railroad. It was laid
out into forty-eight lots by Jacob Coil, on April
20, 1837. It was so called from the fact that the
ripple in the river at that point was the largest and
widest in the country, and the place was known by
that name from the lime of the first settlement.
The town is just south of the feeder-dam of the old
Wabash and Erie Canal, which was begun in 1837,
and finished in 1839, by John Burke, contractor.
About two-thirds of the original town, as laid out,
has been thrown back into farming land. At present
the town contains only one water-mill, one railroad
depot, and a few dwelling-houses, with a population
of thirty-five.
The first merchant of the village was Robert Earl ;
the second was Zachariah Collins ; the third was
William Earl ; and the' last one was Joseph Ray,
who left the bu.siness in 1860.
Dr. Harvey Kerr, the first physician, was there
from 1851 to 1880. The present physician is Dr.
R. C. Light. The first postmaster was William
Earl, who took charge of it about 1850 for a time,
and it went to Wellington, and afterwards returned
to Broad Ripple, when William Earl again kept it
for a short time. The office is now called Broad
Ripple, but is kept in Wellington.
About 1843, John Burk built a saw-mill on White
River, just below the feeder-dam, and operated it
till 1845, when Peter W. Koontz became a partner,
and together they operated it till 1851, when it was
abandoned and torn down. In 1845, near the same
place, John Burk and Peter W. Koontz built a grist-
mill, and operated it till 1847, when the former sold
638
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
to the latter, and Abraham Koontz became a partner.
About 1851, Peter W. Koontz died. The mill then
passed into the possession of Abraham H. Turner,
who operated it until about 1853. Mr. Fairbanks
then rented it, and operated it one year. In the fall
of 1855 the ownership again became vested in Abra-
ham Koontz. He ran it a while, and Samuel W.
Hetsellgesser became partner, and together they
operated it till the spring of 1862. William Craig
and George A. Kirkpatrick then bought it, and oper-
ated it three or four years, when the former retired,
and Mr. Kirkpatrick operated it till it was washed
away by the great freshet in 1875. Shortly after-
wards Mr. Kirkpatrick built a new mill where it
now stands (being several rods down the river from
the place where the old mill stood), and operated it
until 1880, when Harrison Sharp and Samuel Sheets
became the owners by purchase at sheriff's sale, and
they still own it. The water supply is furnished by
the feeder-dam, as it has been from the beginning.
Wellington village is situated on White River,
seven miles north of Indianapolis, on the opposite
bank of the old Wabash and Erie Canal from Broad
Ripple. It was laid out into thirty two lots by James
A. Nelson and Adam R. Nelson on May 17, 1837,
and so named in honor of the Duke of Wellino-ton.
A part of the original town has gone back into farm-
ing lands, yet it is something of a village. It con-
tains one store, a blacksmith-shop, a post-oflSce, called
Broad Ripple, an Odd-Fellows' lodge, and a Union
Church; also the township graded school. The
present population is one hundred and eight.
The first merchant was William Switzer, and after
him came the following in the order named, viz. :
Reed Hardin, Gurdon C. Johnson' Swartz Mustard,
Jackson Dawson, Oliver P. Johnson, Samuel Sheets
(who kept there longer than all the rest, from 1866
tilll 1882), and Reuben and Hillary Morris. The
last two named are in partnership, and are the
present merchants.
The first physician was Dr. Atler, and the follow-
ing named came after him in the order named, viz. :
Horatio Johnson, Edward Collins, W. B. Culbertson,
and Joseph B. Bates. The last named is the present
physician. The present postmaster is Hillary Morris.
Broad Ripple Lodge, No. 548, I. 0. 0. F., was
instituted June 2, 1877, the following named being
the original members, viz. : Austin Bradley, George
Parsley, James Garrity, Piatt Whitehead, John Mo-
Cormick, James Mustard, John W. Stipp, N. M.
Hessong, Frank McCorniick, Levi Johnson. In
June, 1881, the Castleton Lodge was consolidated
with this. The Broad Ripple Lodge is the most
prosperous one of the order in Marion County out-
side of Indianapolis. It has a good two-story build-
ing for lodge purposes, built in the village of Wel-
lington, at a cost of about one thousand dollars. Its
membership now numbers eighty-three. The present
ofiScers of the lodge are Piatt Whitehead, N. G. ;
Isaac N. Jackson, V. G. ; Henry Whittinger, Treas. ;
Lewis Aiken, Sec. ; Trustees, Hillary Morris, James
McCoy, Daniel Stanley.
This lodge meets every Saturday evening in their
hall at Wellington.
The village of Millersville, si'tuated north and west
of Fall Creek, seven miles north-northeast of Indian-
apolis, was never formally laid out. The ground was
never platted, but was sold in lots of from about one-
fourth of an acre to one acre. The ground upon
which the town is located was owned as follows : That
portion north of the road running east and west, by
Peter Negley ; that portion situated east of the old
Pendleton State road and south of Cross-roads, by
G. G. F. Boswell ; and that portion embraced in the
triangle, by Brubaker and Speaker. The existence
of the town dates back to the year 1838. There are
eighteen lots of land embraced in the town, and the
present population is eighty-six.
The first merchant was Ira Thayer, who owned the
merchandise, and James K. Knight kept the store for
him. The following merchants came after him, viz.:
James G. Featherston, William Sheets, George Webb,
Ad. Ehrisman, George Ewbanks, and Lewis Kern.
The last named is the present merchant.
William J. Millard, Sr., was the first postmaster.
appointed about forty years ago. During the last
twenty years there has been a po.st-office there only
one year, and then (about four years ago) it was kept
by Lewis Kern. James G. Featherston had the office
for several years prior to 1859. Mrs. Mary F. Ringer
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
639
had it for a short time about 1864. The first physi-
cian was Dr. Ducat, who remained only one year.
G. M. Shaw, John W. Bolus, and others have located
there since. John V. Bower is the present physician.
A great deal of business was transacted in the
place prior to 1860, but since that time the trade has
decreased, and the village has retrograded contin-
ually. The village now contains fourteen dwelling-
houses, one blacksmith-shop, a Masonic Hall building,
two business houses, and one (water) flouring- and
grist-mill. The post-ofl5ce, when kept in the village,
was called Millersville, but when kept by Elijah
Jame.s, two miles west, was called Hammond's, and
afterwards James' Switch. The residents of the vil-
lage receive their mail at present from the Malott
Park post-office. The place where the village of Mil-
lersville now is was called Brubaker's Mill before it
gained its present name, which was nearly a half-
century ago.
In the year 1824, Seth Bacon and Peter Negley
formed a partnership for the purpose of building
and operating a saw-mill on Fall Creek, near where
Millersville now is. The mill was built, and the
dam they erected was nearly one-fourth of a mile
east of the present mill building, and it backed the
water up against Daniel Ballenger's mill, which stood
just below where the present mill-dam stands. Bal-
lenger's mill was a frame structure, but so badly
erected that it was insecure. In consequence of the
injuries sustained because of the back water, Ballen-
ger sued Bacon & Negley for damages. Bacon was
worth nothing, and Negley compromised the case at
a sacrifice of two eighty-acre tracts of land and his
mill, which stood upon one of the eighty acres, two
horses, and a wagon. John Essary was Ballenger's
lawyer and ran the mill from 1826 for six years,
when Noah Leverton bought Ballenger out and
erected a grist-mill where the present one stands,
which is a few rods west of where the old saw-mill
stood. Leverton cut the present race and built a dam
a few feet below the present one. The charter for
the present dam was granted in the year 1836 by the
Circuit Court, William W. Wick presiding, the dam
to be not more than four and a half feet above low-
water inark in the place where it then stood, desig-
nated by certain marks named. A jury was empan-
eled and damages assessed for injury to the property.
Ballenger, after selling out, went with his family to
the Wabash and Phie Canal, and subsequently to
Stillwell, Ohio, his place of birth. Mr. Leverton
operated the mill about three years, and sold to
Chauncey True and Samuel True. These men put
two run of burrs in the mill and did a good business.
The Trues owned the mill until Sept. 23, 1839, and
sold to Jacob Brubaker, and went to Michigan and
engaged in farming. Brubaker built a still-house
adjoining the mill, and owned the property three
years. On Aug. 8, 1842, he deeded the property to
Christ. Haushey and went to parts unknown.
Mr. Haushey was a resident of Pennsylvania, and
never lived here. He owned the property one year
and then died. After his death, Jacob Spahr bought
the mill and operated it until 1848. About that
time William Winpenny and Jacob Spahr formed a
partnership, rebuilt the mill and distillery, and op-
erated them until May 10, 1855. The partnership
was then dissolved, and Mr. Winpenny continued the
business until his death, in 1861. He did a large
custom business, operating two wheat-burrs and two
coru-burrs, one of which was used to grind the corn
for mash to be used in the distillery. At no time
during its history was it more successfully managed
than when owned by Mr. Winpenny. After his
death it was owned by his heirs and operated by
various parties until Oct. 21, 1872, when it was sold
to Tobias Messersmith, since which time Jacob J.
Ringer, William Sala, and John Carlisle have in turn
purchased it, but each time the ownership reverted
to Tobias Messersmith. In April, 1883, it was sold
at sheriflF's sale, and purchased by N. S. Russell,
of Massillon, Ohio, and is now being operated by
William H. Spahr. The mill has been destroyed by
fire three times, the first time when owned by Bru-
baker; again about the year 1848, when owned by
Jacob Spahr ; aud again iu August, 1878, when
owned by John Carlisle. The mUl was rebuilt at
once by Mr. Carlisle, supplied with all the latest im-
proved machinery, and contains the only genuine
buckwheat-bolt in the county. The mill-seat com-
prises seventy-one acres. The building is a substan-
640
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
tial structure, and the water-power ample for four
run of burrs at all seasons of the year. The prop-
erty has been a source of annoyance and a continual
expense to every person that has had anything to
do with it. A still-house, with a capacity of eight
barrels per day, was built adjoining the grist-mill on
the south by Messrs. Spahr & Winpenny, about the
year 1849, and the business carried on four or five
years, when it was suspended, and the still removed
by Mr. Winpenny.
Millersville Lodge, No. 126, F. and A. M. This
lodge was instituted at Millersville by dispensation
granted by A. C. Downey, Grand Master, on March
3, 1852. The first meeting of the lodge was held,
March 6, 1852, at the residence of William J. Mil-
lard, Jr. The charter was granted by the Grand
Lodge May 25, 1852, the following named being the
charter members: William J. Millard, Jr., Jonah F.
Lemon, Jacob Spahr, William J. Millard, Sr., Hiram
Haverstick, William Bacon, Joseph A. Nesbit, John
R. Anderson. The first meeting under the charter
was held May 29, 1852.
The lodge held its meetings for some time in the
upper story of the grist-mill, in a room fitted up for
it. Subsequently they moved to the new hall, which
was dedicated Oct. 26, 1853, by A. M. Hunt,
proxy of the M. W. Grand Master. The oration
was by Thomas H. Lynch. The following persons
have served as Worshipful Master the number of
years noted, viz. : William J. Millard, Jr., 9 years ;
Samuel Cory, 13 J years; W. H. Hornaday, 1 year;
Robert Johnson, 4 years ; W. W. Henderson, 2
years; John W. Negley, 1 year; B. W. Millard, 1
year.
The following have served as secretary the number
of years noted, viz.: William Winpenny, 1 year;
Samuel Cory, 8 years ; William J. Millard, Jr., 2
years ; James G. Featherston, 2 years ; Lewis Y.
Newhouse, 62 years; Peter L. Negley, 1 year; W.
W. Henderson, 6 years ; Joseph E. Boswell, 1 year ;
W. H. Hornaday, 2 years ; A. Culbertson, 2 years.
The following is an exhibit of the lodge since its
organization : number deceased, 11 ; number expelled,
2; number suspended, 7; number demitted, 61;
number of present members, 32. Robert Johnson
is the present Worshipful Master, and W. W. Hen-
derson is the secretary. Four of the charter mem-
bers are now living, namely, William J. Millard, Jr.,
Jonah F. Lemon, Hiram Haverstick, and Joseph A.
Nesbit. This lodge meets in its hall in Millersville
on the Saturday evening of or before the full moon
in each month.
Valentine Lodge, No. 1390, Knights of Honor,
was instituted at Millersville by dispensation on Feb.
18, 1879, by David M. Osborn, Deputy Grand Dic-
tator. The following were the charter members, viz. :
William H. Wheeler, William W. Foster, William
H. Hornaday, William H. Spahr, Frederick Karer,
Henry G. Ger.stley, John P. Goode, George W.
While, Frederick Steinmier, Henry C. Greene, John
H. Wineow, Thomas Doyle, William H. Negley, A.
A. Vangeson, George W. Winpenny, and Jacob Vol-
mer. The lodge was duly chartered by the Grand
Lodge Oct. 9, 1879. The following have served as
Dictators of the lodge : W. W. Foster, John P. Goode,
William H. Spahr, William H. Wheeler, William H.
Heath, John V. Bower, Thomas T. Lankford.
The following named are the officers for the year
1884: John W. House, Dictator; William H.
Wheeler, Treasurer ; Silas Tyner, Reporter. John
V. Bower is the representative to the Grand Lodge.
William A. Schofield, John V. Bower, and Jacob
Stiltz are the present trustees. The number of mem-
bers in good standing at present is twenty-five. The
lodge meets every two weeks on Saturday evenings
in the Winpenny Hall in Millersville.
The Millersville Free Library was made up by sub-
scription, and was opened to the public June 1, 1882.
It contains five hundred and fifty-five volumes of the
most judiciously selected books. Many of the most
popular magazines and valuable papers are regularly
received. In July, 1883, a library association was
formed, with Hiram B. Howland as president, W.
W. Henderson secretary, and Alfred Ellis treasurer.
Dr. J. V. Bower is librarian. The following are the
trustees : Albert E. Fletcher, Benjamin Tyner, Wil-
liam H. Wheeler, Mrs. Hettie M. Hunter, and Miss
Lou HufiF.
Free lectures are regularly held under the auspices
of the above society, and prove to be a source of
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
611
both pleasure and knowledge. Additional volumes
will be added to the library from time to time. The
liberal patronage given the library by the citizens in
the vicinity is assurance that its advantages are duly
appreciated.
Allisonville is situated ten miles from Indianapolis,
on the Noblesville State road, about three miles east
of north from Indianapolis. It was laid out into forty
lots by John Allison on the 8th day of February,
1833, and the town was named after Mr. Allison.
The population at present is about fifty. The first
merchants were Leven T McCay and George Bruce,
in partnership. They kept for three years. A. G.
Ruddle was the first physician, and he practiced
medicine there for forty years. At one time, some
forty years ago, there were two hotels there, and they
did a good business. Richard Brown was the first
hotel-keeper, and followed the business seven years.
There is no post-office there, and has not been for a
great many years. Mail-matter intended for the peo-
ple of the village is sent to Castleton. Lewis Droan-
berger was the merchant in Allisonville many years
from about 1850. The present merchant is John D.
Gerstley, who has been in the business there about
thirteen years. The present physicians are Joseph
A. Nesbit and Isaac N. Craig. James Armentrout
carried on a tan yard just south of the village fur six
years, about 1832.
Keystone Lodge, No. 251, F. and A. M., was in-
stituted at Allisonville by dispensation Oct. 22, 1858,
and the following officers elected: I. N. Craig, W. M. ;
P. A. Leaver, S. W. ; Jacob W. Ray, J. W. The
following were the petitioners, all of whom became
charter members, viz : I. N. Craig, Sidney Cropper,
A. S. Ellis, Samuel Farley, Philip A. Leaver, Joseph
A. Nesbit, William White.sell, John R. Anderson, E.
S. Cropper, J. S. McCarty, John Tate, Samuel C.
Vauce, James Farley, Samuel B. Beals, John Har-
vey, Stephen Harvey, Isaac Michener, F. Farley, T.
P. Farley, Milon Harris, J. W. Ray, Jacob White-
sell, George Metsker, Hiram A. Haverstick, Daniel St.
John, Lewis Farley, Jacob Eller, P. M. Beck, Isaiah
Williams, Charles Whitesell, B. Todd, and John Bruce.
The charter was granted by the Grand Lodge May
26, 1859. The following were elected under the
charter : Isaac N. Craig, W. M. ; Philip A. Leaver,
S. W. ; Jacob W. Ray, J. W.
For about seventeen years the lodge held its meet-
ings in a small, inconvenient room in Allisonville.
In the spring of 1875 the lodge built a new hall in
'■ that village, at a cost of fifteen hundred and seventy-
! five dollars. The first meeting held in the new hall
was July 24, 1875. The building committee were
Joseph A. Nesbit, Samuel Farley, Reuben Bunnel,
I John H. Smith, and John Johnson. The first trus-
tees were Joseph A. Nesbit, John H. Smith, and
Isaac N. Craig.
The present membership is forty-three. The fol-
lowing persons have served as Worshipful Masters
the number of years noted, viz. : Isaac N. Craig, 8
years ; Samuel Farley, 1 year ; Thomas N. Williams,
3 years; John H. Smith, 6 years; David D. Negley,
1 year; John Johnson, 2 years; Hillary Silvey, 3
years. Hillary Silvey is the present Worshipful
Master, and George W. Kesselring is secretary.
This lodge meets in its hall in Allisonville on the
Saturday evening of or after the full moon in each
month.
The village of Mapleton is on the line of Washing-
ton and Centre townships, the main street being on
the township line, and the village being on both sides
of it. It was laid out in 1871 (town plat recorded
September 18th in that year). That part of the site
which is on the Washington township side was
owned by John Messersmith, who purchased from
Thomas Ruark.
The first and present merchant of the place is
Theodore F. Harrison. The village now contains the
Methodist Episcopal Church edifice and parsonage, a
brick school-house, in which is a graded school, one
store, a post-office (Theodore F. Harrison, post-
master), a blacksmith-shop, and about three hundred
inhabitants.
Malott Park, located in the eastern part of the
township, was laid out in 1872 (plat recorded May 4th
in that year) by Daniel and John H. Stewart. The
first merchant was George Byers, who is also the
present merchant of the town. The first postmaster
of Malott Park was Warren W. Bowles ; the second
was Barbara Spahr, who was succeeded by George
642
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Bjers, who is the present postmaster. The town has
now one store, a post-office, a blaeksmith-shop, the
Malott Park station of the Wabash and Pacific Rail-
way, one church (Methodist Episcopal), and about
fifty inhabitants.
Churches of the Township.— The Washington
Presbyterian Church edifice was built about the year
1838 by subscription, on the farm of Joseph Culbert-
son, now the land of William Culbertson. It was a
small frame building, and was used as a church about
ten or twelve years. The building soon afterwards
became dilapidated and was torn down. It stood
about one half-mile north of where Malott Park
now is.
The number of members at organization was about
twenty-five, among whom were the following : Hiram
Bacon, Mary Alice Bacon, Joseph Culbertson, John
Nesbit, Elizabeth Culbertson, Mary Nesbit, Paulina
McClung, old Mrs. McClung, John Johnson, Cynthia
McClung, Samuel McClung, Nancy Nesbit, Margaret
Nesbit, James Brown and wife, James Gray, and Sallie i
Gray. John Nesbit, Joseph Culbertson, and Hiram ;
Bacon were the first trustees. i
The first preacher was John Moreland, who re-
mained with them four years. The next was William
Sickles ; he remained with them four or five years.
After which there was no regular preaching, and
when services were held there it was by transient I
ministers. After the place was abandoned the class ,
wont to Broad Ripple and united with the Union i
Church.
The Ebenezer Lutheran Church. In the year
1823 a small number of persons residing in Maryland
conceived the idea of forming a colony and taking
their departure for Indiana, hoping thereby to better
their condition. They were all Lutherans, and all
related, and Abraham Reck was their pastor. They
organized a colony composed of the following persons
and their families : Conrad Ringer, David Ringer,
Jacob Ringer, Daniel Smay, Daniel Sharts, John
Brown, Peter Brown, Solomon Easterday, Daniel
Bower, and Jacob Ringer, Sr.
Their pastor then said to them, " You are like lambs
going among wolves ; I will go with and take care
of you." The colonists, determined to brave the
dangers and undergo the hardships incident to a new
country, started in the year 1823 for their destina-
tion. They came in wagons as far as the Ohio River,
where they built a flat-boat, and on it came to New
Harmony, Ind., where they resided one year, and
then came to this county and settled in the same
neighborhood, most of them in Washington, and the
remainder in Lawrence township. For several years
after their arrival here they held religious services
at " old man" Reek's barn, and afterwards at the resi-
dences of the new colonists, — Rev. A. Reck officiating.
On Aug. 6, 1836, a church organization was formed
under the leadership of Abraham Reck, with the fol-
lowing members : George P. Brown, Jacob Ringer,
Sr., Daniel S. May, Sr., Folsom Swarm, Jacob Ringer,
Jr., Conrad Ringer, Daniel Sharts, Peter Brown,
David Ringer, Daniel Bower, King English, John
Brown, George Brown, Aaron Sour, Palser Sour,
William Clow, and Solomon Easterday.
The first account we have of the election of officers
is that it was held on May 20, 1839, when David S.
May, Sr., was elected elder, and Peter Brown, Jr.,
deacon, of the church.
The congregation built a hewed-log church near
the northeast corner of the present cemetery grounds,
situate about one half-mile east of where the Wabash,
St. Louis and Pacific Railroad crosses Fall Creek, in
Washington township. The congregation held ser-
vices in the log church until 1853, when they built
a frame church on the site of the old log house, and
soon afterwards dedicated it. The dedicatory sermon
was delivered by Rev. D. Altman, and a debt of one
hundred and seventy-five dollars was removed. From
the organization, in 1836, until 1868 the following
were the pastors for the number of years noted,
viz. : A. Reck, 4 years ; A. A. Trimper, 3 years :
Jacob Shearer, 2 years ; Abraham H. Myers, 5
years ; A. F. Hill, 1 year ; George A. Exline, 5 J
years ; A. J. Cramer, 5 years ; Jacob Keller, 5
years.
The church was without a pastor in 1852. During
Rev. Cramer's charge sixty names were added to the
church-roll. Under the charge of Rev. George A.
Exline the church experienced four revivals and
began an era of great prosperity.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
643
In the year 1868, during the pastorate of Rev.
Jacob Keller, a disagreement or difficulty arose among
the members, which finally resulted in a separation
and the formation of two distinct churches. With
some difficulty a committee of two from each faction
was appointed to fix upon terms of settlement. The
following were appointed, viz. : John Jlowry and
John Negley, in behalf of the upper, and Samuel
Harper and David W. Brown in behalf of the lower,
settlement. On the 26th day of February, 1868,
the committee met and agreed upon the following
terms of settlement : The party represented by
Messrs. Harper and Brown to retain the Ebenezer
Church building, and pay the party represented by
Messrs. Mowry and Negley the sum of three hundred
and fifty dollars, in two equal installments, the first
due in two months, and the second due on Dec. 25,
1868. Messrs. Harper and Brown were to give their
notes for said amounts. The article of agreement
signed and sealed by all the members of the com-
mittee on the 26th of February, 1868, and attested by
John C. Hoss, their secretary, concludes as follows :
" And the party represented by Samuel Harper
and David W. Brown do hereby surrender to the
party represented by John Mowry and John Negley
all their interest in the privilege of Ebenezer Church.
The committee also agree that the ground on which
the church now stands and adjoining graveyard shall
be held and controlled jointly by the two parties."
This action of the committee was duly ratified by
the members of the congregation, and a separation
ensued. Those that remained and worshiped in the
old church were ofi'ered letters, but a slight misunder-
standing occurred and they refused the proffer.
The Lower Ebenezer Lutheran Church was organ-
ized with sixty members in 1868, after the division
in the Ebenezer Church. The congregation con-
tinued to worship in the old frame building until
1872, when the present two-story brick edifice was
completed, when they occupied it and sold the old
building to George W. House, who subsequently
sold it to the Northwood Methodist Episcopal Church.
The Ebenezer Church recently acquired it again and
made it a parsonage. It stands about forty rods west
of the church building.
The following pastors have been with the congre-
gation since 1868, the number of years noted, viz.:
Obadiah Brown, 7 years ; David Hamma, Ij years;
Henry Keller, 4 years. The last named is the present
pastor. The present membership is seventy-five.
The new brick church was dedicated to the service
of God during the pastoral charge of Rev. Obadiah
Brown ; the Rev. Richards preached the dedicatory
sermon.
The first elders after the separation were Samuel
Harper and John A. Sargent ; and the first deacons
were Luther Johnson and Robert C. Heizer. The
present elders are Luther Johnson and Luther
Easterday, and the present deacons are Samuel
Harper, Silas Johnson, and Franklin Bower. Sab-
bath-school is held in the church every Sunday in
the year. The present superintendent is John P.
Goode. The average attendance the year round is
about fifty-five.
This church is situated in a wealthy neighborhood.
Its members are zealous in the cause of religion, and
consequently take an interest in all church matters,
hence the church organization is exceedingly pros-
perous.
The Pleasant View Lutheran Church was organ-
ized on the 26th of February, 1844, with seven
members, viz.: Jacob Schearer (pastor), Peter Hes-
song, George Bomgardner, David Hessong, Barbara
Bomgardner, Catharine Hessong, and Rebecca Hes-
song. Their meetings for worship were held at the
house of Peter Hessong. In 1854 a meeting-house
was erected at Old Augusta, which was removed to
Pleasant View and there rebuilt in 1863.
The first pastor of the church was Jacob Schearer,
who was succeeded (in the order named) by A. H.
Myers, J. Giger, George A. Exline, A. J. Cramer, W.
G. Trester, Jacob Keller, John Boon, William H.
Keeler, and the Rev. 0. Brown, who is the present
pastor. The church has now forty members, and a
Sabbath-school attended by fifty scholars, under the
superintendence of J. J. Hessong.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Allisonville
dates back to about the year 1827, when services
were held by a preacher named Ray at the house of
Mrs. Kimberlin, where and at other dwellings in the
644
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
vicinity preaching continued to be held occasionally
until the building of a school-house (in 1836), which
then became the preaching-place. After Mr. Ray
preaching was held by a Mr. Miller, during whose time
a small class was organized. After Miller came the
preachers Berry and Smith, and after them a local
preacher from North Carolina, named James T.
Wright, who was somewhat instrumental in causing
their first church building to be erected. He cut the
logs for the building, and hauled them himself to a
spot about half a mile east of AUisonville, where he
proposed to have the church built, but the people of
AUisonville, unknown to him, hauled them to the
village and raised the house on the ground where the
present church stands. At about the time the church
was built they had a preacher named Donaldson.
Afterwards came Burt, and after him
Posey, who was the preacher in 1850, when the log
church was destroyed by fire, and the present frame
church was erected in its place. Among the preach-
ers who followed Posey were Harden, Barnhart,
Grenman, Carter, Harden, McCarty, Speelman, Ha-
vens, White, Langdon, Jones, Thornton, Stalard,
Jameson, Harris, Grubbs, and Ruggles.
The Millersville Methodist Episcopal Church.
For twelve years prior to the year 1846 religious
services were held by the Methodists in the neighbor-
hood of Millersville, at the residences of Robert
Johnson, Sr., George H. Negley, David Hufi', Hillary
Silvey, Gideon True, Samuel True, and in Peter Neg-
ley's barn and cooper-shop, and other places. The
class held services in an old log school-house that
stood on the southeast corner of Daniel R. Smith's
land, about a quarter of a mile west of Millersville,
for two years (about the years 1846 to 1 848). In the
year 1848 the class fitted up an old log cabin, situate
a few rods north of the cross-roads in Millersville,
where they continued to worship for four years, hav-
ing regular preaching every four weeks. It was there
that a church organization was formed. The number
of members at organization was about thirty-three.
The following were among the number, viz. : David
Huff. and wife, Elizabeth Huff, William J. Millard,
Sr., and wife, Mary Hunter, Richard Shelly, Debba
Shelly, Annual Sweeny and wife, Hillary Silvey and
wife, Robert Johnson, Sr., and wife, George H. Neg-
ley and wife, Mrs. C. G. Wadsworth, Mary Meldrum,
George Day and wife, Isaac Record, Hannah Record,
Andrew McDaniel and father, John Essary and wife,
Mrs. House, Debba Bacon, and Anna James. In
1853 the congregation bought the lower story of the
Masonic lodge building, and occupied it from that
time until 1877.
By order of the Quarterly Conference the church
property was sold in 1877, and was purchased by the
Masonic lodge, and the church class was consolidated
with Malott Park Church. This caused much dis-
satisfaction, and many of the forty members belong-
ing at the time refused to take their membership to
Malott Park. Some of them went to Castleton, a
few to AUisonville, and others to Broad Ripple, while
many have not held membership in any organized
class since. The following are the most prominent
ministers that preached at the private houses prior to
the purchase of the church, viz. : John V. R. Miller,
Meliades Miller, George Havens, Henry A. Cotting-
ham, and McCarty. The following ministers
preached in the old log cabin, viz., James Scott and
Frank Hardin. The latter was the first regular min-
ister who preached in the new church, and it was
during his pastoral charge that the house was dedi-
cated to the service of God. The dedicatory sermon
was delivered by Thomas H. Lyuch, on Oct. 26, 1853.
The first trustees of the church property were
Hillary L. Silvey, David Hufi', and Richard Shelly.
The last trustees were Alexander Culbertson, Robert
Roe, and William H. Hornaday. There has been no
church organization at Millersville since 1877 ; how-
ever, through the kindness of the Masonic lodge,
the building formerly used as the church is at the
disposal of the citizens to be used for Sabbath-school
and any kind of religious meetings free of charge.
A union Sabbath school is carried on during the
summer months only. The attendance during the
past summer averaged about sixty, and John Roberts
was the superintendent. The Rev. Mr. Cobb, an
Episcopalian missionary, preaches every Sabbath
evening.
The Mapleton Methodist Episcopal Church dates
back to the year 1843, at which time a class was
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
645
organized at the house of Delanson Slawson, who had
come here from Switzerland County. The class then
organized consisted of six or seven members, all fe-
males, among whom were Sarah A. McClintock, Delia
Hildebrand, Hannah Blue, Mrs. Kachel Ruark, and
some of the Slawson family. Their first meetings
were held at Slawson's, subsequently at the residences
of other members, and in the old log school-house
of the neighborhood. Their first preachers were
John L. Smith and Lucien Berry, after whom were
Frank Hardin and H. J. Meek, — then a local, but
afterwards a regular preacher on the circuit.
In the summer of 1855, Rev. H. J. Meek, assisted
by George Havens, a local preacher, held a protracted
meeting in the woods at Sugar Grove, which resulted
in the formation of the Sugar Grove Methodist Epis-
copal Church by the Rev. Mr. Meek ; the following
being the original members, viz. : James and Mary
Ruark, William H. and Sarah A. McClintock, Pame-
lia Johnson, Hannah Blue, Martha F. Hammond,
Joseph Ruark, Thomas Ruark, Rachel Ruark, Peter
Ruark, Winnie Ruark, Henry and Rachel Wright,
John A. and Rebecca Smay, Eiias Blue, Joshua and
Sarah Huston, L. D. Beeler, B. F. Slate, Pamelia A.
Slate, Isaac and Susan Wheatley, Mary Willis, Mary
Ann JlcWhorter, Deliah Hildebrand, David Howver,
Wilhelmina Beeler, Lavina Walters, Margaret Armen-
trout, Thomas Wright, and Susan Wright.
On the 2.3d of August in the same year the society
met, and elected John Armstrong, Thomas H. Johns,
James M. Ruark, John F. Hill, and S. M. Brister,
trustees; and Thomas Ruark, Gerard Blue, Henry
Wright, William McClintock, and William Roe were
appointed a building committee to supervise the erec-
tion of a church edifice. Thomas Ruark donated
half an acre of ground in Sugar Grove on which to
build the church, and one acre was also given by Noah
Wright for church purposes. The present parsonage
stands on it. A frame building was immediately
erected, at a cost of about eight hundred dollars, and
is still standing and in use, having been repaired and
refitted during the past year, at a cost of about eight
hundred dollars.
The Rev. H. J. Meek continued to minister to the
church for about three years after the organization,
after which they were served by the preachers of the
circuit. The present minister is the Rev. S. F. Tin-
cher. The name of the church has been changed
from Sugar Grove to Mapleton Church, which has at
the present time about fifty members.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Malott Park
was organized in 1876, with sixteen members, viz. :
David HuflF, Hannah Huff, Huff, E. Bowles,
Albert Cuibertson, Margaret J. Culbertson, Charles
A. Culbertson, W. H. Hornaday, Kate Hornaday,
Thomas J. Wright, Susan Wright, Clara Wright, W.
D. C. Wright, Robert Roe, E. Roe, and Martha E.
Roe. Their church building was erected in 1875,
and is the same that is now in use by the congrega-
tion.
The preachers who have served this church are,
and have been, Amos Hanway, Thomas Wyell, J. D.
Widman, Early, B. F. Morgan, J. S. Alley,
and S. F. Tincher, the present minister in charge.
The church has now about thirty members, and con-
nected with it is a Sabbath-school (not taught in
winter), with about seventy scholars. The superin-
tendents have been A. Culbertson, W. D. C. Wright,
and J. W. Negley.
The Broad Ripple Union Church is located in
Wellington, and was erected in 1851 by subscription.
John Burk was the principal leader in the building
of the church. It is a frame structure, built by
Wilson Whitesell and Richard Miller, carpenters.
Jacob C. Coil donated the land upon which the
church stands. The building is in good repair, and
is kept up by the Methodists.
The first preacher was Henry Coe, a Presbyterian.
The Washington Presbyterian class worshiped in the
house a while, and afterwards a Baptist class was or-
ganized, and Madi.son Hume preached for them. The
present Methodist class was organized in 1852, by
the Rev. Frank Hardin, who for some time was their
minister. The following are the ministers who have
preached in the house regularly for the Methodists
since the Rev. Hardin, viz. : Henry A. Cottingham,
■ Barnhart, Burch, John C. McCarty,
Blake, White, Spellman, George Havens,
Stallard, Longdon, Jones,
Thornton, Jamison, Harvey, C. Harris,
646
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Grubbs, and the present minister, the Rev. S.
F. Tincher, of Mapleton. The present membership
is thirty.
The first trustees were Jacob C. Coil and John
Burk. The present trustees are Jacob C. Wright,
Wm. M. Dawson, Hamilton Thompson, Swartz Mus-
tard, and Isaac Morris. A Sabbath-school is held
during the summer months only, with an average at-
tendance of fifty. Wm. M. Dawson is superinten-
dent.
The Crooked Creek Baptist Church was organized
in 1837, with fourteen original members, viz. :
Madison Hume, Joseph Watts. Patrick Hume, Jane
Hume, Esther Hume, David and Eliza Stoops, John
Kinsley, Achsah Kinsley, John and Rachel Dunn,
Samuel Hutchinson, Martha Hutchinson, and Morley
Stewart. Their first meetings were held in the old
log school-bouse near the location of the present
church. Their first church edifice was built in 1842,
which, having become insufficient for the use of the
congregation, was replaced by the present church
building, which was erected on the same site in 1856.
The first pastor of this cburch was the Rev. Madi-
son Hume, whose successors have been Revs.
Poin, A. Hume, Stewart, Craig, A. J.
Martin, A. J. Riley, R. N. Harvey, T. J. Conner,
and Lewis. The present membership is ninety-eight.
Connected with the church is a Sunday-school, with
an attendance of sixty-three pupils, under the super-
intendency of T. F. Wakeland.
The Union Church at Nora was built in 1864. A
church organization had been previously formed (in
1861), with the following-named members, viz. :
Isaiah Applegate, James Gray, Margarette Gray,
Theodosia Gray, Elizabeth Gray, James McShane
and wife, Franklin Hall and wife, Samuel Tooley
and wife, Allan Stewart and wife, Henry Whitinger,
Susan Whitinger, Abraham Bowen, Ruth Bowen,
Peter Lawson, Catharine Lawson, Sarah Somers,
Nancy Ray, William McCoy, Jane McCoy, Louisa
Dawson, Samuel Whitinger, Ann Whitinger, Rachel
Smith, Mary J. Dodd, Sally Whitesell, William
Shields, Charles HuiFman, and Susan Wright. Meet-
ings for worship were held in the school-house until
the erection of the church edifice, three years after
the organization. The first minister to this congre-
gation was John McCarty, who was followed by
Isaac Hardin, Henry Cottingham, and a number of
other preachers. At present there is no church or-
ganization, but a flourishing Sunday-school is kept
up, with an attendance of fifty-five scholars, under
the superintendence of Mary Barr.
Schools. — There are fifteen public schools in this
township, including the graded and high school at
Broad Ripple. The scbbol-houses are all common
frame, except the school-house at Millersville, No. 2,
and No. 12, in the northwest corner of the township,
which is a new brick house, built in 1881 ; also the
new graded school-house at Broad Ripple is a sub-
stantial brick, with rubble limestone foundation, four
rooms finished in modern style, and is the best pub-
lic-school building in Marion County outside the city
of Indianapolis. Tbe cost of the building, including
out-building, furniture, etc., was about seven thou-
sand five hundred dollars. This graded, or high
school, as it is commonly termed, was built to accom-
modate the advance pupils for the entire township,
and is, therefore, a township graded school. It is
located at Broad Ripple, the geographical centre of
the township, and was built in 1883. The schools
of Washington township are taught seven months in
the year, a term which should be increased to nine
months.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
OLIVER JOHNSON.
The lineage of the Johnson family is distinctively
Irish. Jeremiah Johnson, Sr., the grandfather of
Oli'^er, early resided in Virginia, and subsequently
removed to Kentucky, the Territory of Indiana ulti-
mately becoming his home. His children were Sam-
uel, Jeremiah, Thomas, John, Milton, Nancy, Jane,
Mary, and Sarah. Of these sons, John was born Jan.
1, 1798, in Kentucky, and removed to Franklin
County, Ind. In 1821, Marion County became his
home. He married Miss Sarah Pursel, daughter of
Peter Pursel, Esq., formerly of New Jersey, and one
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
647
of the early residents of Franklin County, Ind. Their
twelve children were Oliver, Luther, Volney, Newton,
John v., Charles P., Louisa, Elizabeth. Mary Ann,
Nancy Jane, Lucinda, and Sarah. Oliver was born
Nov. 22, 1821, in Franklin County, Ind., and brought
with his parents while an infant to Marion County.
His youth was passed at the home of his father in
the various employments of the farm, interspersed
with periods at the neighboring school. At the age
of twenty-two he was married to Miss Pamelia How-
land, daughter of Powell Rowland, Esq., of Marion
County. Their children are Mary E. (Mrs. Wm. A.
Lowe), of Terre Haute; James P., of Terre Haute,
who married Miss Rebecca Shoemaker, of the same
place; Silas H., of Washington township, married to
Miss Laura Wright, of the same township ; and Frank-
lin P., also of Washington township, married to Miss
Georgie Ann Pursel, of Tuscola, 111. Mr. Johnson for
several years after his marriage rented a farm, but de-
siring to be independent of landlords, purchased a
tract of land in Washington township, which was soon
after sold and his present home secured. He has
during his active career been engaged in farming of a
general character, and is regarded as one of the most
practical and successful farmers of the county. He
has in politics been a lifetime Democrat, but not a
working partisan. He is in religion a supporter of
the Lutheran Church, of which his wife is a member.
CHAPTER XXVIIL
WAYNE TOWNvSHIP.
The township of Wayne is the central one in the
western range of townships of Marion County. On
the north it is bounded by the township of Pike ; on
the east by Centre ; on the south by Decatur town-
ship, and on the west by Hendricks County.
The only streams of any importance in the town-
ship are White River, and Eagle and Little Eagle
Creeks. The former barely touches the township on
its eastern border, where, in its meanderings, it enters
from Centre, and immediately afterwards returns to
the same township. Eagle Creek, flowing in a south-
erly direction from Pike township, enters Wayne in
the northwest, traverses the township diagonally in a
very meandering course to the southeast corner,
touching the southwest corner of Centre and then
entering the northeast point of Decatur township,
where it joins its waters with those of the White
River. Little Eagle Creek, coming from the north,
crosses the boundary between Pike and Wayne, and
flows southwardly across the eastern part of the latter
township, to a point near its southeastern corner,
where the stream enters Eagle Creek.
Several of the railway lines diverging from Indian-
apolis cross the territory of Wayne. The Indian-
apolis and Vincennes road is the most southern of
these, traversing the township only a short distance
across its southeastern corner. Next, north, is the
Vandalia line, which crosses the southern half of the
township in a northeasterly and southwesterly direc-
tion. The Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad crosses
Wayne in nearly an east and west direction, near the
centre of the township. The Indiana, Bloomington
and Western Railway runs across the north part of
the township to a point near its northwest corner,
where it passes into Hendricks County.
Three small towns or villages lie within the terri-
tory of Wayne township. Of these, Bridgeport is
located in the southwest part of the township, on the
old National road, and also on the line of the Van-
dalia Railroad. The village of Clermont is in the
northwest corner of the township, on the line of the
Indiana, Bloomington and Western Railway ; and
on the south line of the township, near its southeast
corner, is the village of Maywood, located on the
line of the Vincennes Railroad. The population of
the township by the United States census of 1880
was four thousand seven hundred and seventy-two.
Wayne, with the other townships of Marion
County, was set off', and its boundaries defined, by
order of the board of county commissioners, on the
16th of April, 1822, and on the same date the board
ordered that Wayne and Pike be temporarily joined
together in one township organization, and for judi-
cial purposes, the union to continue until each town-
ship should become sufficiently populous for a sepa-
rate organization. They remained joined in this
648
UrSTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
manner for more than two years, and on the 10th of
May, 1824, the commissioners ordered Pike to be
separated from Wayne and independently organized,
" the inhabitants being sufficiently numerous" in the
former township ; the inference, therefore, being that
they were still more numerous in Wayne than in
Pike.
Following is a list of persons appointed or elected
to the principal offices of Wayne township from its
erection to the present time, viz. :
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Abraham Hendriclis, June 15, 1822, to December, 1825; re-
moved.
Isaac Stephens, June 22, 1822,- to February, 182-1; removed.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, May 10, 1824, to March 29, 1829.
William Logan, Feb. S, 1825, to Nov. 4, 1828; resigned.
James Johnson, Jan. 3, 1829, to Jan 3, 1834.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, May 4, 1829, to April 6, 1834.
James Johnson, Feb. 24, 1834, to Aug. 4, 1838; resigned.
James W. Johnson, June 7, 1834, to June 7, 1839.
Allen Jennings, June IS, 1834, to Juno 18, 1839.
Martin Martindale, Sept. 8, 1838, to Oct. 12, 1843 ; died.
James W. Johnston, Oct. 8, 1839, to Oct. 8, 1844.
John W. Mattern, March 19, 1840, to March 19, 1845.
William Taylor, Dec. 1, 1843, to March 29, 1844 ; resigned.
Thomas Morrow, May 11, 1844, to May 11, 1854.
George Hoover, Nov. 19, 1844, to Nov. 19, 1849.
Robert Taylor, March 10, 1846, to April 30, 1846; resigned.
Jesse Pugh, Nov. 20, 1849, to March 5, 1851 : resigned.
Oliver P. Meeker, April 15, 1850, to Oct. 12, 1850 ; resigned.
Alexander Jameson, April 19, 1851, to April 18, 1855.
Daniel Catterson, April 19, 1851, to Nov. 8, 1851; died.
Patriolc Catterson, Feb. 11, 1853, to Sept. 18, 1855; resigned.
John P. Martindale, May 11, 1854, to Feb. 23, 1857; resigned.
Alexander Jameson, Nov. 8, 1856, to Nov. 7, 1859.
Ransom Wooten, April 2.S, 1856, to Feb. 26, 1857; resigned.
Isaiah Hornaday, April 17, 1857, to March 1, 1860; resigned.
Henley H. Mercer, April 18, 1857, to April 17, 1861.
Sylvester T. Zimmerman, Nov. 6, 1858, to May 24, 1859; re-
signed.
Alfred Clark, July 23, 1859, to March 8, 1860; resigned.
Hiram Rhoads, Nov. 7, 1859, to Nov. 7, 1867.
John B. Johnson, April 17, 1860, to March 6, 1862; resigned.
George McCray, April 21, 1860, to March 27, 1862; resigned.
Richard W. Thompson, June 19, 1 862, to Nov. 8, 1869 ; resigned.
Robert McFarland, April 2."!, 1863, to Dec. 30, 1864; resigned.
John P. Martindale, April 14, 1866, to April 14, 1870.
William W. Webb, April 18, 1868, to April 18, 1872.
John T. Turpin, Oct. 25, 1870, to March 6, 1877; died.
Gazaway Sullivan, Oct. 25, 1872, to Oct. 25, 1876.
Leonard Avery, Oct. 28, 1872, to Oct. 21, 1876.
Apollo S. Ingling, Oct. 25, 1876, to Oct. 25, 1880.
Leon S. Avery, Feb. 24, 1877, to June 7, 1880; resigned.
William A. Davidson, March 26, 1877, to April 9, 1878.
James T. Morgan, April 9, 1878, to April 9, 1882.
Jacob A. Emerich, June 7, 1880, to Oct. 26, 1884.
William A. Davidson, April 25, 1882, to April 25, 1886.
Ezra G. Martin, June 23, 1883, to April 14, 1884.
TRUSTEES.
Joseph Ballard, April 11, 1859, to April 21, I860.
William N. Gladden, April 21, 1860, to April 16, 1861.
John U. Harris, April 16, 1861, to April 18, 1S63.
Edward Dunn, April IS, 1S63, to April 16, 1864.
Alex.Tnder Jameson, April 16, 1864, to Oct. 21, 1872.
Lazarus R. Harding, Oct. 21, 1872, to March 1.3, 1876.
Jesse Wright, March 13, 1876, to April 16, 1880.
Hiram W. Miller, April 16, 1880, to April 19, 1882.
William H. Speer, April 19, 1882, for 2 years.
ASSESSORS.
James Johnson, Jan. 1, 1827, to Jan. 5, 1829.
William Logan, Jan. 5, 1829, to Jan. 3, 1831.
Asa B. Strong, Jan. 3, 1831, to Jan. 7, 1833.
William Logan, Jan. 7, 1833, to Jan. 6, 1834.
Abraham H. Dawson, Jan. 6, 1834, to Jan. 4, 1836.
Alexander Felton, Jan. 4, 1836, to March 7, 1836.
Abraham H. Dawson, March 7, 1836, to Jan. 1, 1838.
Aquilla Hilton, Jan. 1, 1838, to Jan. 7, 1839.
Asa B. Strong, Jan. 7, 1839, to Jan. 6, 1840.
W. Miller, Jan. 6, 1840, to Jan. 4, 1841.
Abraham H. Dawson, Jan. 4, 1841, to Dec. 6, 1841.
Hiram Wright, Nov. 20, 1852, to Dec. 17, 1853.
John Vansickle, Deo. 17, 1853, to Nov. 25, 1854.
William N. Gladden, Nov. 25,.1854, to Jan. 1, 1867.
John W. Larimore, Jan. 1, 1857, to Oct. 27, 1S58.
John B. Corbaley, Oct. 27, 1858, to Oct. 29, 1860.
Martin B. Warfel, Oct. 29, 1860, to Dec. 24, 1864.
Abraham H. Dawson, Deo. 24, 1864, to Oct. 29, 1870.
Conrad Brian, Oct. 29, 1870, to Aug. 1, 1873.
Ezekiel M. Thompson, March 25, 1875, to Oct. 18, 1876.
Conrad Brian, Oct. 18, 1876, to April 14, 1884.
The first settlements within the territory of Wayne
township were made in 1821, from which time they
increased slowly, though steadily, and with more
rapidity than those in the eastern townships of the
county. Among the earliest of the settlers upon
lands in Wayne township were the Corbaley and
Barnhill families, who came from Ohio to this county
in 1820, first making a temporary settlement within
the limits of the present city of Indianapolis, where
they spent the sickly summers of 1820 and 1821,
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
649
then removed westward to Wayne township, where
they became permanent settlers.
Jeremiah J. Corbaley, one of the most widely
known and respected inhabitants of Wayne township I
for nearly a quarter of a century, was a native of the
State of Delaware, but grew to manhood in Cecil
County, Md. At the age of twenty-seven (in the
year 1816) he went West, as far as Hamilton, Ohio,
having with him his portion of his father's estate,
about six hundred dollars in cash, which he deposited
with a merchant of Hamilton, who failed soon after-
wards, thus leaving him almost entirely without
means. He was not, however, discouraged by his
I0.SS, but went resolutely to work to earn a livelihood.
In 1819 he married Jane, the eldest daughter of
Robert Barnhill, who then resided near Hamilton,
and in March, 1820, the families of Barnhill and
Corbaley migrated to Marion County, Ind., where
they settled just outside the donation, near the site
of the City Hospital of Indianapolis, on land after-
wards owned by the late Samuel J. Patterson. There,
in a log house, on the 7th of August, 1820, was
born Richard, the first child of Jeremiah and Jane
Corbaley, and who is said to have been also the first
white child born in Marion County.
On account of the prevailing sickness which
afilicted nearly all the settlers at that time, and also
by rea.son of the death of Robert Barnhill in 1821,'
Mr. Corbaley, with his wife and young son, and the
widow and family (who were numerous, and nearly
all adults) of Mr. Barnhill, removed from the vicinity
of Indianapolis to lands which they had purchased
on Eagle Creek in Wayne township, where Mr. Cor-
baley settled on the northeast quarter of section 28,
township 16, range 2, and became, at once, one of the
most prominent citizens of Wayne. He was a mag-
istrate for many years, and in that capacity and posi-
tion caused the amicable settlement of many disputes
among the people of the township, and was in general
the adviser and business man of his neighbors through
all his life. One of the official positions which he
held was that of commissioner appointed by the
Legislature to locate the seats of justice of Clinton
^ Robert Barnbiirs estate was the first entered for probate in
Marion County.
42
and Fulton Counties. During the time (nearly
twenty-three years) of his residence in Wayne town-
.ship he cleared about eighty acres of his lands there,
and purchased about four hundred acres in Marshall
County, of this State. He died Jan. 11, 1844.
Mr. and Mrs. Corbaley reared ten children, viz. :
Richard, Sarah, Emily, John B., Mary C, James J.,
Samuel B., Eliza J., Robert C, and William H. Cor-
baley, all of whom had reached maturity and were
married before the death of their mother, April 7,
1870. Three of them have since died. One of the
sons, Samuel B. Corbaley, born at the homestead in
Wayne township, Feb. 17, 1834, is a prominent citi-
zen of Indianapolis, in which city he has resided for
more than twenty years.
The family of Robert Barnhill and his wife con-
sisted of twelve children, viz. : Samuel, John, Wil-
liam, Daniel, Robert, James, Hugh, Jane, Katie,
Sally, Nancy, and Mary, — who became Mrs. Speer,
and mother of William H. Speer, one of the most
prominent citizens of the township. The widow of
Robert Barnhill moved with her family (as before
stated) to Wayne township soon after the death of
her husband, and in 1829 she was assessed on eighty
acres of land in the township, described as the south-
east quarter of section 22, township 16, range 2.
She married a second husband, Jacob Whitinger.
Her sons, Robert and Hugh Barnhill, are now living
near the north line of the county.
John Barnhill, born in 1796, came to Marion
County about 1823, and located on land in Wayne
township. In 1829 he was assessed on the northwest
quarter of section 27, township 16, range 2. He had
several daughters, of whom Sarah, Beulah, and Ann
are now living. His son, J. C. Barnhill, lives in
Wayne township, and is one of its well-known
citizens.
The Harding family, from Washington County,
Ky.,were also among the earliest emigrants to Marion
County, Ind. Robert and Martha Harding, both
natives of Pennsylvania, and emigrants to Kentucky,
were married about the close of the Revolutionary
war, and became the parents of twelve children, viz. :
John, Eliakim, Bde, Robert, Samuel, Israel, Laban,
Ruth, Avis, Sarah, Martha, and Jemima. In the
C50
HISTOKY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
spring of 1820, Mrs. Harding, then a widow, came to
Marion County with her children, excepting two of
her sons who had preceded her, and two who came
afterwards. The family settled first on the " dona-
tion" tract, just outside the town of Indianapolis, and
built the first dwelling (a log cabin) erected on the
banks of White River, in Marion County. The log
house of Robert Harding (who was a married man,
and lived separate from the rest of the family) was
located on the blufi' bank, just north of the east end
of the National road bridge, as described by Mr.
Nowland,' who also says that Robert Harding's
second son, Mordecai, was the first white child born
on the donation.
Mrs. Martha Harding, widow of Robert Harding,
Sr., and mother of the large family referred to, died
in 1841. She owned a farm of one hundred and
sixty acres in Wayne township, near Eagle Creek,
and three of her sons — Ede, Samuel, and Israel
Harding — were resident tax-payers in Wayne in 1829,
as shown by the assessment-roll of the township for
that year. Samuel Harding's land is described on
that list as the northeast quarter of section C, in sur-
vey-township 15, range 3; that of Ede Harding, as
the northwest quarter of the same section, being
directly west of the farm of his brother Samuel ;
and Israel Harding's land as the southeast quarter of
section 5, in the same survey-township.
Ede Harding was born in Washington County,
Ky., March 16, 1792, and in his youth (1805)
removed with the family to Butler County, Ohio,
where he attended a backwoods school for a short
time during each of several successive winters, hav-
ing had no educational advantages whatever in his
native State. In 1816 he married Mary Robinson,
and removed to Fayette County, Ind., where he pur-
chased and cleared a small tract of land. This he
afterwards traded for land in Wayne township,
Marion Co., and came to his new purchase in 1821,
though he did not bring his family until February of
the following year. After a long, useful, and honor-
able life, he died, in January, 1876. Mrs. Harding
died in 1857. One of their sons, Oliver Harding, is
1 Sketches of Prominent Citizens, etc., by John H. B. Now-
land.
living at Danville, 111. Another son (John) and two
of their daughters (Lavinia and Sarah) reside in
Hendricks County, Ind. Laban Harding, the eldest
son of Ede and Mary Harding, was born in Fayette
County, Oct. 17, 1817, and came in childhood with
his parents to Wayne township, where he is now
owner of a fine farm of two hundred and twenty-five
acres, located on sections 20 and 21, of survey -town-
ship 16, range 3, about six miles from Indianapolis.
He was married in December, 1837, to Jemima
McCray, and they became the parents of eleven
children, of whom seven are now living.
Samuel Harding, son of Robert and brother of
Ede Harding, was born in Washington County, Ky.,
in 1795. He removed with other members of the
family to Butler County, Ohio. Some years after-
wards he went with his brother Ede to Fayette County,
Ind., and emigrated theuce, in February, 1820, to
Marion County, where the family located, first on the
banks of the White River as before mentioned. Thence
he removed to his lands in Wayne township, a mile west
of where the Insane Asylum now is. In 1824 he
was married to Jeremiah Johnson's daughter Jane,
with whom he lived for forty years. She died in
1864. They had ten children, of whom four are
now living. Samuel Harding was prominent in the
Baptist Church, and a member of the Indiana Legis-
lature in 1846-47. He died in 1874.
Israel Harding, brother of Ede and Samuel Hard-
ing, was also a native of Washington County, Ky.,
born in 1798. His farm in Wayne township was
that where William H. Speer (his son-in-law) now
lives. He was married about 1825 to Nancy John-
son, daughter of Jeremiah Johnson, and sister of his
brother Samuel's wife. Israel Harding was, like his
brother Samuel, a prominent member of the Baptist
Church. He served as a member of the Indiana
Legislature in 1841, and was a candidate for re-
election, but died in July, 1842. His widow sur-
vived him nearly thirty-nine years, and died in June,
1881.
Obadiah Harris, who was a well-known citizen of
Wayne township for more than half a century, was
born in Guilford County, N. C, Feb. 5, 1789. At
the age of eighteen he emigrated to Ohio, and less
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
651
than a year afterwards (in the fall of 1807) pushed
on to Wayne County, Ind., where he remained nearly
fifteen years, and in 1822 removed to Wayne town-
ship, Marion County, where he settled on a farm lo-
cated on the National road, near the site of the Insane
Asylum, described as the west half of the northeast
quarter and the east half of the northwest quarter
of section 9, survey-township 15, range 3, on which
he reared one of the earliest and best apple-orchards
in the county, and on which he lived till his death,
April 2, 1875. He was famed as a skillful hunter,
was a widely-known and highly-respected man, and
was once elected to the Indiana Legislature, in which
body he served creditably.
Mr. Harris was married, in December, 1811, in
Wayne County, Ind., to Sarah Lewis, of the same
county. They became the parents of eight children,
viz.: Hannah, born in November, 1812; Avis,
March, 1815; Betsey, January, 1817; Lewis, Feb-
ruary, 1819; Benjamin, September, 1822; John
Harvey, January, 1824 ; Nancy, January, 1827 ;
and Naomi, born May 19, 1832. The mother of
these children died in November, 1842. In 184G,
Mr. Harris married Ruth Huff, who is still living.
One of Mr. Harris' daughters (Mrs. Carpenter) is
still living on the homestead. Another (Mrs. An-
drew Wilson) lives in the southeast part of the town-
ship. His son, John Harvey, died recently in
Kansas.
Asa B. Strong, who was a highly-respected citizen
and often filled responsible public oSices during the
period of more than fifty years that he lived after
becoming a settler in Wayne township, was born in
Addison County, Vt., Sept. 28, 1799. In 1821 he,
with an older brother, emigrated to Ohio, and thence,
in the fall of 1822, he moved with his family in an
ox-wagon to Marion County, Ind., arriving at Indian-
apolis on the 14th of November. The land on
which he settled in Wayne township is described in
the assessment-roll of 1829 as the southwest quarter
of section 27, township 16, range 2. He was four
times married : first, at Oxford, Ohio, in April, 1822,
to Frances ShurtlefF, who died Sept. 19, 1836; sec-
ond, in April, 1837, to Sarah Ballard, who died in
1845; third, in January, 1849, to Margaret Ballard,
who died in March, 1852; and fourth, in January,
1856, to Emily Sanders, who died in November,
1867. Mr. Strong had eight children by the first
marriage, four by the second, and one by the third,
his last marriage being childless. He died Feb. 14,
1873. His sons, Samuel P., John T., and Asa M.,
are still living ; also several of his daughters, among
the latter being Mrs. Charles Murray, of Indianapolis.
Robert, Richard, and Jacob Helvey were among
the earliest of those who came to Wayne township,
though it does not appear that they were among the
original land-owners, as in the assessment-roll of
1829 they were not so classed, and they then paid
only a poll-tax except Jacob, who was assessed on
two horses and two oxen. Robert Harding was
known through all the region near and far as a
great fiddler. Mr. Nowland' mentions him as " Old
Helvey," and says he " lived on the school section
(No. 16) west of Eagle Creek, and near what was
called the 'big raspberry patch.' His house
was the headquarters for dances and sprees of all
kinds. He made it a point to invite all the new-
comers on first sight to visit him." It appears that
Helvey had several fine, robust daughters, whose
presence was not among the least of the attractions
which brought visitors to their father's house. Con-
cerning these and " Old Helvey 's" estimate of them,
Mr. Nowland makes the father say, " Thar's no such
gals in the settlement as old Helvey's ! Thar's Bash
(Bathsheba), and Vine, and Tantrabogus, and the
like o' that. I'll tell ye, stranger, that Bash is a
boss. I would like you to come over and take a
rassle with her. She throwed old 'Liakim Harding
best two in three ; 'tother was a dog-fall, but Bash
soon turned him and got on top on him. . . . I'll
tell ye, stranger, that gal Bash killed the biggest
buck that's been killed in the New Purchase. She
shot off-hand seventy-five yards. He was a real
three-spikcr, no mistake." With regard to the pe-
culiarities of " Old Helvey," Mr. Nowland says,
" He distinguished himself in many hotly-contested
battles at Jerry Collins' grocery, and never failed to
vanquish his adversary, and fairly won the trophies
• Sketches of Prominent Citizens, 1876.
652
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
of war, which were generally an eye, a piece of an
ear, a part of a finger, or a slice of flesh from some
exposed part of his antagonist's person. In Mr.
Helvey's house could be found a great variety of
munitions of war, such as rifles, shot-guns, muskets,
' . 7 .
tomahawks, scalping- and butcher-knives. In his
yard were all kinds of dogs, from the surly bull-dog
to the half-wolf, or ' Injun dog.' In his pound, or
stable, was a variety of Indian ponies. . . . After
the treaty with the Miamis of the Wabash, at the
mouth of Little River, in the year 1832, Mr. Helvey
moved to the treaty-ground, and there died."
James M. McClelland came with his father's family
to settle within the boundaries of Wayne before it
had been set off' as a separate township. He was
born in Dickson County, Tenn., in December, 1807,
and in the fall of 1814 emigrated with the family to
Union County, Ind., whence, in February, 1822, they
moved to Marion County. In April, 1833, James
M. McClelland was married to Anna, the eldest
daughter of Jesse Johnson. Their children were
two who died in infancy, and seven others, viz. :
Mary J., Samuel J., Tilghman H., George M., Mar-
garet H., Francis M., and John W., the last-named
four being still living. Their mother died Aug. 4,
1882. Mr. McClelland now resides in Indianapolis.
Andrew Hoover, who came to Marion County in
1822, was a native of Randolph County, N. C., born
March 12, 1788. At the age of twelve years he
went with the family to Montgoncry County, Ohio,
where he was married (in 1808) to Sarah Sinks, who
was also a native of North Carolina. In 1821 he
attended the government land sale at Brookville, and
purchased a quarter-section of land in that part of
Marion County which afterwards became Perry town-
ship, and removed to it November, 1822, but after a
short stay in Perry removed to Wayne. The lands
on which he was assessed in Wayne in 1829 were
described as the northeast quarter of section 20, and
the east half of the northwest quarter of section 17,
in survey-township 15, range 3. The location of
Mr. Hoover's farm was not far from the village of !
Maywood. He was a man of excellent character
and standing among the people of the township, and
held several responsible public offices. He died on i
the 25th of November, 1863. He was the father of
ten children, viz. : Abijah (dead), George (dead),
Daniel D. (dead), Hannah, Mary Ann, Jacob E.
(dead), Alexander W., Sarah J., Cary S., and Perry
C, the last two being twins.
John Cossell was an early settler, and a resident in
Wayne township for' more than thirty years. Born
in Maryland in 1770, he emigrated, after the Revo-
lution, to Kentucky, and thence to Ohio, where he
was married, in 1807, to Mary Holme. They be-
came the parents of thirteen children. Mr. Cossell
came to Wayne township in 1823, and died May 10,
1854.
William Cossell, son of John, was born in Butler
County, Ohio, in 1811, and came to this county with
his father in 1823. In October, 1835, he married
Hannah, daughter of Andrew Hoover. The land of
the farm on which he now lives was purchased by
him with money earned in the building of the old
National road bridge across White River.
Nicholas Robinson, a native of Washington County,
Tenn., came to Marion County in 1832. On -his
arrival he was employed at work for Nicholas Mc-
Carty. He was married in 1842, and in 1847 moved
to Wayne township, where he is still living. His first
wife dying, he was again married in 1853. By the
first marriage he had four children (all dead), and by
the second marriage six children.
William Gladden, who is still living, and almost a
nonogenarian,' has been a resident of Marion County
and Wayne township for sixty years ; always a highly-
respected citizen, and for many years a prominent
man in public afiFairs. He was born in York County,
Pa., and moved with his father's family to Maryland
when six years of age, and afterwards emigrated to
Ohio, where he was married in August, 1823, and
came in the same year to Wayne township, Marion
Co., Ind. In 1829 he was assessed on two hundred
and forty-seven acres of land, described as the north-
east quarter, and the east half of the northwest
' When this was written (December, 1883) Mr. Gladden and
his aged wife were living and in good health. He died Jan.
29, 1884, and she died on the day following. After a married
life of more than si.xty years, they rest together in Crown Hill
Cemetery.
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
653
quarter of section 4, survey-township 15, range 2.
Afterwards he added largely to his lands by purchase,
and in 1835 was the owner of about five hundred and
forty acres. The children of William and Eva Glad-
den were nine in number, viz., William, John, Wash-
ington, Alfred, George, David, Elizabeth, Hannah,
and Mary. Five of them are now living, viz. : Alfred,
in Indianapolis ; George, John, and David, in the
country ; and William, in California.
Martin Martindale was born in South Carolina in
1788, and when a youth emigrated to Ohio, and at
the age of nineteen was married to Elizabeth Pearson,
who also was born in South Carolina about the year
1799. They settled on the Little Miami and re-
mained there a few years, then moved to Indiana
and settled on White Water, near New Castle, on a
small stream called Martindale's Creek. There he
remained, working at the wheelright trade making
flax- and wool-wheels, which were in demand at that
period, until the year 1823, when he came to Marion
County and settled in Wayne township, five miles
northwest of the city of Indianapolis, in an unbroken
forest, having entered a half-section of land that
winter before coming. There were six children in
the family at that period, viz. : Charlotte, Miles,
David, Hannah, Rebecca, and John P. There were
also born in Marion County, Lucinda, Priscilla,
Elizabeth, and Joseph, all of whom, except Priscilla,
are deceased ; also Charlotte, Miles, and Rebecca,
leaving David, Priscilla, Hannah (Mrs. McCaslin),
and John P. the only children of Martin Martin-
dale now living, the last two named living in Wayne
township. David lives in Cedar County, Mo. ; Pris-
cilla (Mrs. Benedict), lives in Ellsworth County,
Kansas. Martin Martindale held no office in the county
except justice of the peace two terms. He was a
member of and elder in the Christian Church at
Old Union for many years. He died Oct. 12, 1843.
Miles Martindale, Martin's brother, was born in
South Carolina about the year 1790. He married
Nancy Hill and came to Marion County, Ind., about
the same time that Martin did, and settled on adjoin-
ing lands. They had seven children, — Elmina, Wil-
liam, Martin, Elizabeth, James, David, and Elijah,
the last two named being born in Marion County.
All of these are dead except Elmina, Elizabeth, and
David. Elizabeth (Mrs. Holliday) now lives in
Wayne township, and the other two in the West.
Miles Martindale died about the year 1830.
David Martindale came from South Carolina, where
he was born, to Indiana, and married Priscilla Lewis
in Wayne County ; then moved to Marion County ;
located on lands adjoining Martin and Miles, his wife
dying soon after, leaving one child, whose name was
Allan. He married a second wife, whose name was
Rachel Houston, and who had two children, Eliz-
abeth and William. Allan and William are now
dead, and Elizabeth is living at Newcastle, Ind.
David died about the year 1830. Neither he nor
Miles ever held oflBce or were members of any
church.
Jesse Prazier was born in Chatham County, N. C,
April 7, 1790. He came to Marion County in 1827
or 1828 ; was a preacher in the " New Light" faith
for some time ; then embraced the doctrines of the
Reformation, and died -an acceptable evangelist in the
Christian Church, Dec. 30, 1839.
Jeremiah Johnson came to Marion County with
his family in 1821, and settled first on lands located
north of Indianapolis, near the site of the present fair,
grounds. He was the first jail-keeper of Marion
County, and later he kept a public-house in Indian-
apolis. In or about 1832 he moved to Wayne town-
ship, and erected a steam-mill at Bridgeport, one of
the earliest of that kind in the county. Afterwards
he lived for some years on his farm, three miles east
of Bridgeport. He died in 1876, at the age of
eighty-two years.
Samson Houghman was born in Virginia in 1795,
and moved thence to Butler County, Ohio, where he
passed the years of his youth. He was married very
early in life, and became the father of five daughters
and one son, Peter N. Houghman, born in 1820.
Mr. Houghman came to Marion County in 1829,
and settled first in Decatur township, but about 1844
moved to Bridgeport, where for a short time he
carried on merchandising with his son. Afterwards
he moved to the farm now occupied by his son, Peter
N. Houghman, on the National road, about one-fourth
of a mile east of Bridgeport. He died in 1852.
654
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
The following-named persons, early settlers in
Wayne, were resident tax-payers in the township in
1829. The names are given, with a description of
the lands on which each was assessed, according to
the assessment-roll of that year, viz. :
James Anderson, part of the northeast quarter of
section 33, survey-township 16, range 3, ninety-seven
acres.
George Avery, east half of northeast quarter of
section 25, township 16, range 2.
Matthew Brown, east half of northeast quarter
of section 32, township 16, range 3.
Henry W. Barbour, part of southeast quarter of
section 11, township 15, range 2.
George Cossell, Sr., west half of southeast quarter,
and east half of southwest quarter of section 6, town-
ship 15, range 3.
Daniel Closser, three hundred and twenty acres ;
the southeast quarter and the east half of the north-
east quarter of section 19, township 15, range 3, and
the west half of the southwest quarter of section 21,
in the same township.
Martin Davenport, the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 19, township 15, range 3, eighty
acres.
John Evans, east half of southeast quarter of sec-
tion 7, township 15, range 3.
John Fox, the southeast quarter of section 20.
township 10, range 3.
Elijah Fox, the southeast quarter of section 29,
township 16, range 3, one hundred and sixty acres.
David Fox, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 29, township 16, range 3, eighty
acres.
Joseph Hanna, the southeast quarter of section
32, township 16, range 3, and the west half of the
northwest quarter of section 33, in same township,
two hundred and forty acres.
Jonas Hoover, the west half of southwest quarter
of section 29, township 16, range 3, eighty acres.
George R. Hanna, the east half of the northeast
quarter of section 5, township 15, range 3, eighty acres.
Ephraim Howard, the east half of the south-
east quarter of section 6, township 15, range 3, and
the west half of section 5, in same township. Mr.
Howard was a brother of Samuel Howard and
Reason Howard. The last named was known as a
great hunter and fishermen.
John Hanna, the northwest quarter of section 28,
township 16, range 3, one hundred and sixty acres.
John Hawkins, the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 24, township 16, range 2, eighty
acres.
Samuel Howard, forty acres in the east half of the
southeast quarter of section 11, township 15, range 2.
John Johnson, the east half of the southeast quar-
ter of section 36, township 16, range 2.
James W. Johnston, the southwest quarter of sec-
tion 17, and the southeast quarter of section 18, in
township 15, range 3.
William Johnson, the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 36, township 16, range 2, eighty
acres.
Isaac Kelly, the east half of the northeast quarter
of section 20, and the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 21, in township 16, range 3, one
hundred and sixty acres.
James Logan, the east half of the northeast quarter
of section 25, township 16, range 2.
William Logan, the north half of the southeast
quarter of section 31, and the west half of the north-
west quarter of section 32, and a part of the south-
west quarter of the same section, all in township 16,
range 3 ; total, one hundred and eighty acres.
James Leonard, the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 5, township 15, range 8.
James Miller, the northwest quarter of section 26,
in township 16, range 2, one hundred and sixty
acres.
„ Francis McClelland, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 34, and the south half of the north-
east quarter of section 33, in township 16, range 2.
Thomas Martin, the north half of the northeast
quarter of section 33, township 16, range 2.
William Morris, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 19, township 15, range 3.
Enoch McCarty, the southwest quarter of section
32, in township 16, range 3.
Benjamin S. McCarty, the south half of the south-
east quarter of section 31, township 16, range 3.
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
655
Israel Phillips, the northwest quarter of section 33,
in township 16, range 2.
Benjamin Patterson, part of the southwest quarter
of section 18, township 16, range 2, fifty acres.
Minor Koberts, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 28, township 16, range 2.
Jesse Roberts, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 22, township 16, range 2.
James Rains, the east half of the southeast quarter
of section 17, township 15, range 3.
James Rhodes, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 24, township 15, range 2.
Hiram and Joseph R. Rhodes, the east half of the
northwest quarter of section 24, township 15, range
2. Hiram Rhodes was born in Gloucester County,
N. J., in 1805 ; arrived in Marion County, Ind., in
February, 1824.
Caleb Railsback, the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 23, township 16, range 2.
Joseph J. Reed, the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 22, township 16, range 2.
Andrew W. Roberts, the east half of the southwest
quarter of section 28, township 16, range 2.
Thomas Stoops, the east half of the northwest
quarter of section 32, township 16, range 3.
William Speer, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 9, township 15, range 2.
Oliver Shurtliff, the west half of the southeast
quarter of section 28, township 16, range 2.
Abraham Sadousky, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 1, and the east half of the north-
east quarter of section 2, in township 15, range 2.
Luke Strong, the northeast and southeast quarters
of section 21, in township 16, range 2.
David Stoops, the east half of the northeast quar-
ter of section 32, township 16, range 3.
Thomas Triggs, Jr., the west half of the northeast
quarter of section 25, township 16, range 2.
David Varner, the southwest quarter of section 26,
in township 16, range 2.
John Van Blaricum and David S. Van Blaricum,
the southwest quarter of section 33, township 16,
range 3.
Noah Wright, the northwest quarter of section 21,
in township 15, range 3.
Levi Wright, the southeast quarter of section 20,
township 15, range 3.
Michael Woods, the southeast quarter of section
24, township 15, range 2, and the west half of the
southwest quarter of section 19, township 15, range 3.
Sarah Whitinger, the southeast quarter of section
22, in township 16, range 2.
Jordan Wright, the southwest quarter of section
22, township 16, range 2.
John Wolf, the east half of the northwest quarter
of section 33, township 16, range 3.
James Johnson, Esq., the southwest quarter of
section 31, township 16, range 3. A biographical
sketch of Mr. Johnson is given on another page of
this work.
William Speer, the west half of the northwest quar-
ter of section 9, township 15, range 2. Mr. Speer was
born in 1802, and came to Marion County in 1824.
Adam Thompson, assessed on no property, except
one horse and two oxen. He was well known as the
keeper of a tavern on the National road, near
Bridgeport.
Wolfgang Coifman lived near the southwest corner of
the township, but was not assessed on any real estate.
He had been a soldier in the armies of the Emperor
Napoleon, and was fond of relating incidents of the
conqueror's campaigns and of the disastrous retreat
from Moscow in 1812.
William McCaw, the southwest quarter and the
west half of the southeast quarter of section 21 ,
township 16, range 3. Lands located near Eagle
Creek, northwest of Mount Jackson. He was a
native of Westmoreland County, Pa., born in 1787,
and came to Marion County in April, 1822.
Isaac Pugh, the northeast quarter of section 26
and the west half of the northwest quarter of section
25, township 16, range 2. Mr. Pugh was born in
Chatham, N. C, in 1794; came to Marion County
in July, 1822, and became one of the wealthiest
farmers and most prominent men in Wayne town-
ship, being frequently elected to responsible offices.
His farm was near where the Indiana, Bloomington
and Western Railway crosses Eagle Creek.
Jacob Pugh's heirs, the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 26, the northeast quarter of section 27, and the
656
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
northeast quarter of section 35, in township 16, range
2. Jacob Pugh was a North Carolinian, who emi-
grated to Marion County in the summer of 1822,
and died before 1829. He was the father of Isaac
Pugh before mentioned.
Joseph Pense, not assessed on anj' real estate, but
afterwards owned a farm located on the Rockville
road, near Eagle Creek. Enoch Pense was his son.
^ Jesse Johnson, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 35, township 16, range 2. Mr.
Johnson was a native of Grayson County, Va. ; born
in 1787 ; arrived as a settler in Marion County,
Nov. 16, 1826; died July 9, 1879.
Isaac Harding, the west half of the northwest
quarter of section 4, township 15, range 2, eighty-
three acres. Mr. Harding was born in Wayne
County, Ind., in 1804, and came to Marion County
in November, 1826.
George L. Kinnard, assessed on no property in
Wayne township in 1829, except one horse and a
silver watch. He was one of the earliest (if not the
first) of the school-teachers of the township. Col.
Kinnard had charge of the surveying and laying out
of the Lafayette State road. In 1833 he was elected
to Congress against William W. Wick as opposing
candidate. His death was caused by an accident on
a steamboat.
William Holmes, the northeast quarter of section
8, in township 15, range 3 ; the west half of the
northwest quarter of the same section ; and the west
half of the northwest quarter of section 9, same
township and range. Mr. Holmes was born in
Westmoreland County, Pa., in 1792, emigrated with
his father's family to Ohio in 1800, and in 1820 re-
moved to Wayne County, Ind. In 1821 he married
Elizabeth Lyons, and settled on his lands in W<iyne
township, Marion Co., where he made his home
during the remainder of his life. He built the
Billy Holmes saw-mill on Eagle Creek, just below
the National road bridge. In 1832 he was one of
those who volunteered for service in the Black Hawk
war. He was the father of William Canada Holmes,
one of the best-known citizens of Marion County,
and also of eleven other children, viz. : John B.,
Jonathan L., Ira N., Isaiah, Jeremiah, Uriah, Noah
P., Marcia Ann, Martha Ann, Elizabeth, and Sarah.
He died in 1858. His younger brother, John, came
to this county with him, and settled in Wayne, on
the northwest quarter of section 8, township 15,
range 3. He, with his brother William, took the
contract for the brick-work of the old (first) court-
house of Marion County. John also built the
Kunkle mill, in Wayne township. He died a few
years after he made his settlement here.
Abraham Coble, the northeast quarter of section
29, township 16, range 3. He was a native of North
Carolina, emigrated to Ohio, and thence, in 1821, to
Wayne township, Marion Co., where he settled on
the lands described. He built one of the first saw-
mills of Marion County, located on Crooked Creek,
near his homestead. With lumber sawed at this
mill he loaded a flat-boat and sent it down White
River, it being the first lumber-freighted boat that
ever descended that stream. He died in May, 1842.
His son, George Coble, is now living in Indianap-
olis.
Joshua Glover, the southwest quarter of section
18, township 15, range 3. A daughter of Mr.
Glover married James W. Johnson, of this town-
ship. Joshua Glover died in 1836.
David Faussett, the south part of the southwest
quarter of section 9, township 15, range 2, one hun-
dred and seven acres. He was born in Warren
County, Ohio, in 1802, and arrived in Marion
County as a settler March 4, 1824.
Lewis Clark (colored), the east half of the south-
east quarter of section 8, township 15, range 3.
Clark was a fugitive slave, and it is s^id of him that
he was the first colored man who paid taxes on real
estate in Marion County. In 1836, at the "raising"
of Clark's frame hou.se, an accident occurred, by
which William Cool lost his life. Cool was a settler
in Wayne township before 1829, and reared one of
the first orchards in the township. His daughter,
the widow of Theodore Johnson, is still living in the
I township.
' Cyrus Cotton, the west half of the southeast quar-
, ter of section 8, township 15, range 3. His lands
I were located west of Eagle Creek, on the present
1 line of the Vandalia Railroad. On his farm he
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
657
erected a two-story stone dwelling-house, one of the
first of that kind built in Marion County.
John P. Cook, the west half of the southwest
quarter of section 21, township 15, range 3. Mr.
Cook's two-story brick house was the first built in
the township, and one of the earliest in the county,
of that material.
Luke Bryant, the east half of the southwest quar-
ter of section 21, township 15, range 3. These lands
joined the farm of John P. Cook on the east. Mr.
Bryant came to Marion County from the vicinity of
Urbana, Ohio, bringing a considerable amount (for
those times) of money, which he placed out at inter-
est. He was an eccentric man, and (as it was .said
by some) inclined to skepticism in religious belief
He sold his farm on section 21, but continued to
reside in the township until his death.
Joel Conarroe, the east half of the southeast quarter
of section 28, township 16, range 2. Mr. Conarroe
was a native of Burlington County, N. J., born in
the year 1800, and came to Marion County, Ind., in
December, 1821.
John Furnas, the west half of the northeast quar-
ter and the east half of the northwest quarter of sec-
tion 21, township 15, range 2. "John Furnas,
agent," was assessed on the west half of the north-
west quarter, Isaac Furnas on the southeast quarter,
and Joseph Furnas on the southwest quarter of the
same section ; so that the Furnases, who were all
Quakers, held the entire section, except eighty acres,
the east half of the northeast quarter. The farm of
John Furnas embraced the ground which became the
site of Bridgeport. On his farm, below the village
site, he had a mill, which was driven by the water-
power of the creek. This mill, which he built and
put in operation before the beginning of the village
.settlement, he afterwards sold to John Zimmerman.
The village or " town" of Bridgeport is situated in
the southwest corner of Wayne township, on a fork
of White Lick Creek, and also on the lines of the
Vandalia Kailroad and the old National or Cumber-
land road. The village was laid out by Samuel K.
Barlow (on land of John Furnas, as before men-
tioned) in 1830, the town plat being recorded May
17, 1831. The original plat comprehended forty-
three lots, lying on six streets, viz. : the main street
(the old Cumberland road, running through the cen-
tre), seventy-five feet wide ; Ballard Street and Por-
ter Street, each seventy feet wide ; and the narrower
streets named North, East, and South, bounding the
village on the sides indicated by their names. Bar-
low afterwards laid out two small additions, embracing
between thirty and forty lots on two new streets
crossing the Cumberland road.
The first dwelling-house in the village was that of
Aaron Homan, located on the southwest corner of
Ballard Street and the Cumberland road. It was a
building of hewed logs, about eighteen by twenty feet
in size, and besides serving as Homan's dwelling, it
was also the place where the first meetings were held
in the village. Homan (who was a cabinet-maker)
may thus be mentioned as the first settler in Bridge-
port, though several others settled there at about the
same time, among them being Robert Speer, Allen
Jennings, and John Johnson, all of whom built small
houses of hewed logs. Robert Speer was a brewer,
and located on the second lot east of the site of the
present Methodist Church. Allen Jennings lived
on the corner of Ballard Street and the Cumberland
road. John Johnson was the first merchant of the
place, and his store, located on the southeast corner
of Ballard Street and the Cumberland road, was the
first frame building erected (1832) in Bridgeport.
He occupied it for merchandising about six years,
then sold out. It was afterwards owned and carried
on for a short time by William and John Givens.
John Zimmerman was a wagon-maker and a prom-
inent man of the village of Bridgeport. He has
already been mentioned as the purchaser of John
Furnas's old water-mill on the stream below the
town.
The first public-house in Bridgeport was opened
by John Ballard, between 1839 and 1840. David
Hartsock was the first tavern-keeper in the village,
his first license being dated March 7, 1839, and he
continued in the business there till about 18-1:5.
Samuel Lockyer was a shoemaker and kept the
first shop of that trade in Bridgeport, having a small
shoe-store in connection. He commenced business
658
HISTORY OP INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
there in 1838, and had Ranston Wooten with him
for some time. About 1845, Wooten started another
shoe-store, in which he carried on a business of con-
siderable magnitude for several years.
The first physician was Dr. Lot Reagan, but
neither the exact date of his coming nor the length
of time that he practiced in Bridgeport has been
ascertained.
John Mattern was one of the early and prominent
men of Bridgeport. He was born in 1801 in Hunt-
ingdon County, Pa., where he learned the trade of
potter. In 1831 he came to Indianapolis, where he
had a store, and was the first one who sold ready-
made clothing in the city. In 1833 he married
Mary Scott, a widow, and daughter of John Johnson.
In 1834 he moved to Bridgeport and went into mer-
chandising with his father-in-law, but after about two
years the store was sold out to Williams, and
Mattern went into the pottery business, which he
followed in Bridgeport for about seventeen years,
after which he kept a public-house for four years.
In the mean time he held a number of public offices.
He was appointed postmaster' at Bridgeport, and in
1840 was elected justice of the peace. In 1846 he
was elected township trustee, and held the office sev-
eral terms by re-election. Having sold out his tavern
business, he moved from Bridgeport to a farm about
two miles west of the village on the National road.
Now in his old age he is living about four miles
southwest, with his son John. His other surviving
sons are George and Jacob, the last named being the
son of his first wife, who died in 1841. His second
wife, by whom he had four children, was Hannah M.
Woodrow.
Before the financial panic of 1837 the village
of Bridgeport had attained a very considerable growth,
and was a place of much more comparative impor-
tance than it is to-day. A little prior to that time a
steam flouring-mill and saw-mill wa.s built and put in
operation by Jeremiah Johnson, who had previously
been the (first) keeper of the Marion County jail, and
1 The post-office at Bridgeport was established in 1 832. The
first postmaster was Eli Murdock.who served but a short time,
then resigned, and was succeeded by Aaron Homan, who was
in turn succeeded by John Mattern, as stated above.
an innkeeper in Indianapolis. He also opened quite
an extensive store in a large frame building erected
for the purpose on the opposite side of the street
from John Johnson's. This store passed from Jere-
miah Johnson into the hands of Washington McKay,
who kept it for some years, and was succeeded by
Baker, who, during his term of business,
built the building now occupied by John Rhodes.
Baker sold out to James S. Newman, and he to
Samson Houghman and his son, P. N. Houghman,
in 1844. They kept it about two years, and sold to
John Hoffman and Samuel Schenck, who were the last
proprietors of the establishment. Another early store
was located on the Cumberland road, west of Ballard
Street, near Allen Jennings, and was carried on by
William Stout, who purchased from a previous pro-
prietor.
A grocery and liquor-store was started about 1836
by Eli McCaslan and Charles Merrick. It afterwards
passed into the possession of Aaron McCaslin. There
were a number of liquor-shops and tippling-houses
in Bridgeport during its early days, but they passed
out of existence many years ago, the last one being
blown up with gunpowder about the year 1850.
A store was started in the southwest part of the
town about 1842, by Samuel Spray and Mc-
Knight, who kept it until the death of Spray, when
McKnight sold out to Thomas Mills. It afterwards
passed to Nathaniel Mills and Calvin Ballard, and
some other proprietors, and was finally discontinued.
In 1840, and for some years thereafter, Bridgeport
contained four general stores besides a grocery, but
after the opening of the railroad the number de-
creased, and the business was revolutionized. The
village has now two general stores, both on the Na-
tional road, — one kept by John H. Ingling and the
other by Thomas Ingling; a post-office, John H.
Ingling, postmaster; two churches (the Methodist,
with Rev. Switzer as pastor, and the Friends,
with Wilson Spray as principal minister) ; two brick
school-houses ; a steam mill (not in operation), owned
by H. Swindler, and a population of about three hun-
dred inhabitants.
Bridgeport Lodge, No. 162, F. and A. M., was
chartered May 24, 1854, Joseph H. Ballard, W. M.;
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
659
Noah Reagan, S. W. ; Samuel G. Owen, J. W. The
present officers of the lodge are Humphrey Forsha,
W. M. ; Peter P. Blank, S. W. ; Woodford Thomp-
son, J. W. ; Daniel Broadway, Treas. ; R. W. Thomp-
son, Sec. The lodge has now thirty-five members.
(no graded school), a Methodist Episcopal Church
(Rev. Mr. Payne, pastor), and nearly one hundred
inhabitants.
The village of Maywood is situated on the south
line of the township near its southeastern corner, and '
on the line of the Indianapolis and Vincennes Rail-
rcjad. On a part of the site now occupied by the
village a two-story brick house was built in 1822
(some accounts say 1821), by John P. Cook, who
■was the first resident in that locality. There was no
village at the place, nor was it in any way diflFerent
from other farming neighborhoods for forty years
after Cook's settlement there. In 1854, James A.
Marrs and Ira N. Holmes built a steam grist-mill in
Decatur township, on the southwest quarter of section
36, township 15, range 2. Holmes sold out to Marrs,
who ran it until his death, in October, 1857, and it
was afterwards run by his administrator till 1863,
when it ceased operation, and was sold to Fielding
Beeler and Calvin Fletcher, who moved the machinery
to a new mill building which they erected on land
owned by Fletcher at what is now Maywood. They
added a saw-mill and some new machinery, and ran
it until the spring of 1873, when it was sold to other
parties ; but it was not a financial success, and was
finally abandoned, the machinery sold, and the build-
ing dismantled.
At the building of the mill at Maywood and during
the occupancy of Messrs. Beeler and Fletcher they
erected nine dwelling-houses for their workmen, of
whom they employed about twenty. There was no
store there, but a cooper-shop and a blacksmith-shop
were opened at the place, which was called Beeler's
Station, on the Vincennes Railroad. The mill enter-
prise, and what grew out of it, created the village,
which was laid out as Maywood, June 4, 1873. It
is yet a very small village, containing about twenty
dwellings, one general store (by Charles Litter), one
o-rocery, at the depot, a post-office (Charles Litter,
postmaster), one blacksmith-shop (by George Crowe),
one wagon-shop (John Russell's), one physician (Dr.
Harrison Peachee), one shoemaker, one school-house 1
Fielding Beeler, one of the earliest born and best
known of the native citizens of Marion County, is a
son of Joseph Beeler, and born in Decatur township,
March 30, 1823. He remembers seeing at least one
party of the Indians of the country before their final
departure from it ; has heard the wild wolves howl
around his father's cabin at night, and remembers
when what few sheep were in his neighborhood were
regularly penned at night near the owner's dwelling,
to keep them from being devoured by these voracious
prowlers. Most of his education was obtained in the
primitive log school-house, and under the tuition of
the primitive teachers of these early times. His
school-books were Webster's "Spelling-Book" (old
edition), in which he became very proficient, " The
American Preceptor," " English Reader," Weems'
" Lives of Marion and Washington," and Pike's
"Arithmetic." These schools were taught in the
winter, and from one and a half to three miles from
his home, and most of the way through the woods ;
but the trips were almost invariably enlivened by
the sight of deer, sometimes a dozen of them in a
herd, and flocks of wild turkeys. He says it seems
to him now that there were sometimes hundreds of
them in sight at once.
During these school-terms he generally did the
going to mill for the family, part of the time to the
old Bayou Mill, which stood a little north of the
present site of the Nordyke Machine- Works, and at
other times to the Ede Harding Mill, un Eagle Creek.
The man was to take a sack on a horse, and he ride
on the sack. As the grinding was done by turns,
and it usually required from one to three weeks for
the turn to be reached, it was of importance to com-
mence in time. After beginning his Saturday trips,
usually in a couple of weeks he could begin taking a
grist home, and thus during the course of the winter
enough was accumulated to last well into the summer.
One of the important occurrences of his boyhood
years was a trip to the then important town or city of
Madison with a two-horse wagon loaded with wheat ;
660
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
as he remembers, about twenty-five or twenty-six
bushels constituted the load, and was sold on arrival
at sixty-two and a half cents per bushel, and the pro-
ceeds invested in a sack of coiFee, with perhaps some
additional funds in salt at seventy-five cents per
bushel, which constituted the return load. The trip
was made in company with a neighbor. Feed for the
trip for team and boy was hauled in the wagon, out-
doors used for dining-room, and wagon-bed or the
ground under it for sleeping-room. It was to him,
however, an important journey as he passed down
and up the Madison hill, saw the to him great Ohio
River and several steamboats, and also what seemed
to his boyish imagination a great town.
Afterwards Mr. Beeler had the advantage of two
winter terms in the old Marion County Seminary,
under that paragon of teachers, James S. Kemper.
Shortly after reaching his majority he was married to
Eliza A. Marrs, and the next spring (1845) settled
in Wayne township, on the northeast quarter of sec-
tion 21, township 15, range 3, where he still resides.
Mr. Beeler has been actively identified with the
advancement of the agricultural and industrial indus-
tries of the county and State. He has done much
in the improvement of the cattle, hogs, and sheep of
the county by the purchase and dissemination of im-
proved breeds, and by his earnest advocacy of the
great advantage of the same to farmers. He has
been an officer in all the county agricultural societies
which have existed since his majority ; was secretary
of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture for 1869,
the State fair of that year being the most successful
one held to that time, and he has been for four years
past the general superintendent of the same, and has
been highly complimented for his efficient and suc-
cessful management.
Mr. Beeler has always given his special attention
to his farm, but was from 1863 to 1873 engaged in
the milling business, in connection with his brother-
in-law, Calvin Fletcher. They owned and operated a
steam grist- and saw-mill near Mr. Beeler's residence,
at what is now Maywood, doing a large business in
flour and lumber, their flour being well known, and
holding a high reputation in home and eastern mar-
kets, but in consequence of the distance from the city
and consequent expense of hauling, and the great
improvements made in grist-mill machinery, it was
found to be unprofitable and the business abandoned
in 1873.
Mr. Beeler, though having decided views on the
political questions which have attracted the attention
of the country since he has been old enough to take
an interest in the subject, cannot properly be con-
sidered as a politician, as is usually understood by
that term, at least in later years.
In 1850 he was nominated by the Whig County
Convention of that year as one of its candidates for
the Legislature, but was defeated, though receiving
the full vote of his party. He was one of the nomi-
nees of the Republican party for the same position in
1868, and elected and served through the regular
and special sessions of that somewhat exciting period ;
was chairman of the Committe on Agriculture, be-
sides being on a number of other committees, and
took an active part in all questions relating to the
agricultural interests of the State, as well as to the
particular interests of his constituents. He intro-
duced a bill for the appointment of a State geologist
and geological survey of the State, which became a
law and which has had a very marked influence on
the development of the coal-mining and quarrying
interests of the State. He was again nominated in
1870 and elected, and served through the session of
1871, being again a member of the committee on
agriculture, and taking an active part in its delibera-
tions, as well as in general legislation. During each
of his terms in the Legislature, he introduced and
advocated bills for a homestead law, exempting the
same from sale for debt, etc. ; advocated and voted
for bills increasing allotment to widows and exemption
to debtors.
Mr. Beeler has always given much attention to the
raising of stock. Some fifteen years ago he had a
herd of thirty to forty head of short-horn cattle, but
on going more extensively into dairying, gradually
gave up that specialty. He keeps about one hun-
dred fine Berkshire swine, and a flock of about ninety
Cotswold sheep. He is now, and has been for four
years, president of the Indiana Wool-Growers' Asso-
ciation. He is an excellent farmer, and has the
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
661
reputation of keeping more stock in proportion to the
acreage of his farm than any other man in the
county.
During the time when Mr. Beeler was operating
the mill at Maywood he had, on one occasion, a very
exciting and unpleasant experience, in being the vic-
tim of a daring highway robbery. At twilight, on
an evening of November, 1867, as he was returning
home from Indianapolis in a buggy, with his little
daughter, nine years of age, after having crossed
Eagle Creek, and being in sight of his house, he was
suddenly confronted by three masked men, one of
whom seized the horse by the bridle, while the
others quickly advanced, one on each side, and with
cocked revolvers pointed at his breast, commanded
him to deliver up his money and valuables, and to do
it quickly. After a little hesitation, seeing that re-
sistance was hopeless, he handed them his pocket-
book (containing about one hundred dollars) and a
valuable watch. The robbers, having satisfied them-
selves that they had secured all of value that he had
about him, allowed him to pass on, the ruflBan at the
horse's head quitting his hold of the bridle, and with
a theatrical wave of the hand bidding him to " move
up lively."
It is said by some who know Mr. Beeler that,
though naturally rather slow to act, he is fully in
earnest when aroused, and that opinion was fully
verified in this case, for he acted with such prompt-
ness and energy that in less than twenty-four hours,
he, with the assistance of the city police, had secured
the arrest of two of the robbers, while the other (a
property-owner in Indianapolis) had fled from the
county. In less than a week the robber who had
held the horse's head had been tried and sentenced
to eight years in the penitentiary. A friend and
accomplice (though not one of the three who robbed
Mr. Beeler) had falsely sworn an alihi for the one
convicted, and in less than another week he was
himself on the way to the penitentiary under an
eight-years' sentence for perjury. The other arrested
robber had a father who was possessed of considera-
ble property, and it was supposed that the criminal
fraternity also contributed largely towards his de-
fense. When his trial came on (the prosecuting
attorney who conducted the proceedings against the
other robber having resigned his ofiBce) the prosecu-
tion of the case devolved on a young lawyer of good
talents, but little experience, and thereupon Mr.
Beeler, being determined that the villain should not
escape from justice, employed at his own expense an
eminent and experienced lawyer to assist the prosecu-
tion. After a protracted trial, in which there was a
great amount of false swearing, and money freely
used to save the prisoner, he was convicted, and sen-
tenced to the penitentiary for three years (the verdict
being a compromise one, some of the jury holding out
for eight years and others being for acquittal). This
ruffian, after serving out his term, returned to Indian-
apolis, and a short time afterwards was engaged in
the attempted robbery of a farm-house, in which he
received several severe wounds, was captured, tried,
and sentenced to the southern prison for eight years.
Shortly after his incarceration there he became the
leader in an attempt by a number of convicts to
escape, in which attempt he killed one of the guards,
for which he received sentence of death, but suc-
ceeded in obtaining a new trial, which resulted in a
sentence of imprisonment for life in the penitentiary.
The village of Mount Jackson, situated on the east
line of the township, had its origin in a public-house
built by W. C. Holmes and others, about 1837, on
the National road, at that point. Adjoining the
place were the lands of Obadiah Harris and Nathaniel
Bolton. The village was laid out by Harris and Muir
in 1838, and the plat recorded October 27th of that
year. A store was opened by Daniel Hoover, and
another by Moore & Kempton. The buildings of the
Asylum for the Insane, which have been erected just
north of the hamlet of Mount Jackson, are more fully
mentioned in the history of Indianapolis, though not
within the city limits.
Clermont village is situated in the northwest cor-
ner of Wayne township, on both sides of the old
Crawfordsville road, and on the line of the Indiana,
Bloomington and Western Railway, which runs
along the south side of the town. The west line
of the county is the western boundary of the village.
The town plat — recorded April 6, 1849 — shows
662
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
that it was laid out, as " Mechanicsburg," by Percy
Hosbrook, on land owned by William Speer. The
plat embraced about seven acres, divided into nine-
teen lots, njost of them being sixty-four by two hun-
dred and thirty-one feet in size, fronting on the one
street of the village, — the Crawfordsville road. The
name of the town was soon afterwards changed from
Mechanicsburg to the preseht one of Clermont, and
two additions to it were laid out, one by Mr. Mar-
tindale (recorded April 2, 1855) and one by
Ezekiel Dill (recorded June 30, in the same year).
There was a little settlement at this place before
the laying out of the village of Mechanicsburg, and
that name was given to the new town because several
of those who first located there were engaged in
mechanical vocations. The first building erected on
the site was built for a cooper-shop by Charles W.
Murray. John Larimore, a wagon-maker, was also
located there, and there was a blacksmith-shop,
owned by Ezekiel Dill and John W. Smith. The
earliest dwelling-houses in the place were those of
Larimore, Ezekiel Dill, John W. Smith, Squire
Smith, William R. Smith, George Ballard, James
D. Thompson, G. G. Minnefee, John Ross, James P.
Graham, and Charles W. Murray, — before mentioned
as the first cooper. He was the owner of the shop
and business at the time of his death, though in the
mean time it had passed through several other hands.
It now belongs to Alfred Parker. The Dill black-
smith-shop is now owned by John Goldsborough,
and the business carried on by Robert H. Miller.
Another (started by John M. Foreman about 1870)
is now owned by J. N. Johnson and carried on by
Mr. Erhart.
The first stores in the village were those of John
Larimore (where the post-oflBce was kept) and Sam-
son Barbe, whose partner in the business was James
C. Ross. The next was opened by Yohn,
whose partner was Robert Taylor. Yohn sold out
his interest to Taylor, with whom Frank Kennell
became partner and afterwards sole owner. Another
store was opened by John T. Turpin and Isaac S.
Long about 1852. This went through several
changes of proprietorship, but was owned by Tur-
pin at the time of his death. A grocery is now ■
kept in the Turpin store-house by William L.
McCray.
A saw-mill was put in operation in Clermont in
1860 by James P. Graham, who removed the ma-
chinery not long afterwards, but brought it back to
the village. It was never very successful, however,
and was again and finally removed in or about 1875.
Another saw-mill, started and owned by Henry Cal-
vin, is still in successful operation.
At present Clermont is a village of two hundred
and thirty inhabitants, containing two school-houses,
one graded school, three churches, viz. : the Chris-
tian (L. H. Jameson, pastor), Presbyterian (Joseph
Patton, pastor), and the Methodist (G. H. Vought,
pastor), a post-office (J. N. Johnson, postmaster),
an Odd-Fellows' lodge, three general stores (dry-
goods and groceries combined), kept, respectively,
by J. N. Johnson & Bro., E. V. Johnson, and W. T.
McCray, one drug-store, by Dr. W. M. Brown, one
saw-mill, by Henry Calvin (before mentioned), and
several mechanic shops. It has no liquor-saloon or
drinking-place of any kind. A dram-shop was
opened in the place some twenty years ago, but
the citizens suppressed the traffic and forced its
abandonment. Clermont is, and has ever been,
noted for the orderly conduct and sobriety of its
people.
Foster Lodge, No. 372, I. 0. 0. F., was insti-
tuted June 22, 1871. It is located at Clermont,
where a hall has been erected for its use, valued
at fifteen hundred dollars. The lodge has twelve
Past Grands, and an active membership of eighteen,
with the following officers: John B. Miller, N. G. ;
M. V. Norris, V. G. ; R. H. Miller, Sec. ; David
Wall, Treas. ; A. F. Smith, Per. Sec.
Churches. — A church building was erected by the
people of Clermont and vicinity at an early day for
the free occupancy of any and all denominations for
religious worship, and it was so used for a number of
years. A cemetery was laid out about 1850 on land
of Isaac S. Long, donated to the public use. It is on
the north side of the town, and includes about one
acre.
The first church organized at " Old Union" was
what was then called " New Lights, or Christian
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
663
Body," about the year 1826, under the labor of
Jesse Frazier and Henry Logan. The organiza-
tion took place before there was any house of wor-
ship erected. Meetings were held from house to
house until for want of room they erected a large
shelter covered with boards put on cabin-fashion,
with knees and weight-poles, so that the boards
might be used in covering the house when it could
be built. In the course of a year a hewed-log house
was erected, about thirty feet square, with a gallery
above.
About this time the question of the Reformation
was agitated, and most of the members fell in with
the new idea without schism or division. Hence the
Christian Church was established, with the following
members : Martin and Elizabeth Martindale, Jordan
and Barbara Wright, David and Jemima Varner,
John and Maria Bamhill, William and Nancy Dodd,
Joel and Catharine Conarroe, Sarah Barnhill, George
Cossell, Jes.se and Margaret Frazier, Caleb and Nancy
Railsback, Matthew and Sarah Railsback, Jesse and
Jane Johnson, Dorcas Pugh, and Sarah Jones.
Klder Jesse Frazier was the preacher in charge,
with other preachers from time to time, viz. : Henry
Logan, James McVey, Andrew Prater, T. Lockhart,
J. Matlock, and George W. Snoddy, under who.se
labors the church lived together in harmony, many
being added thereto from time to time.
About the year 1850 or 1851 a new frame house,
thirty by forty feet, was built on the same ground
occupied by the former log structure, in which the
church prospered under the labors of Thomas Lock-
hart, L. H. Jameson, J. L. Rude, and others, until
the division took place on account of the agitation of
the soul-sleeping doctrine introduced by J. W. By-
waters, J. C. Stephenson, Nathan Horniday, and
other of its adherents, they remaining in the house,
while those opposed to that doctrine moved their
membership to Clermont, and were instrumental in
building a free church-house in which all denomina-
tions might worship, and in which the Christian
Church was again organized, Aug. 1, 1853, having
been dedicated by Oliver P. Badger.
The church was organized by the members sub-
scribing to the following : " We, whose names are
hereunto subscribed, in order to form a congregation
for the worship of Almighty God, and for our mutual
edification in the Christian religion, do agree to unite
together in church-fellowship, taking the Bible and
the Bible alone for our rule of faith and practice."
J. P. Martindale and William P. Long were ap-
pointed to take the oversight of the following charter
members : Joel and Catharine Conarroe, Mary J.
Martindale, Squire and Sarah Smith, Arnold and
Nancy Call, V. J. and Susan Brown, Isaac S. and
Sarah V. Long, Mercy Murry, Sarah D. Long, Re-
becca David, Gaten and Zerelda Menifee, Rodney
and Sarah Gibbons, Isaac and Eliza Wiler, John and
Maria Barnhill.
In the years 1865 and 1866 there was erected a
new house of worship by the Christian Church, a
substantial brick, thirty-six by fifty-six by sixteen
feet story, well finished, and costing about three
thousand dollars. The church was dedicated Aug.
20, 1866, by Love H. Jameson, who has done more
preaching at Clermont than any other man. He had
been preaching for the church the past year, up to
the time of his leaving on his Eastern voyage, as he
had been more or less ever since the first organization
at Clermont, though there have been many others
that have preached for the church, among whom we
might mention the names of 0. A. Burgess, Prof.
S. K. Hoshour, W. R. Jewell, J. C. Canfield, James
Conner, and many others.
The first Sunday-school in Clermont was superin-
tended by Joseph Patton, a Presbyterian, and was
conducted as a union school, in which all denomina-
tions took part. After the erection of the free
church in Clermont the Christian Church organized
a Sunday-school in the year 1852, and ever since
that time there has been a school under the super-
vision of the Christian Church.
At present the school numbers about seventy-five
pupils, and is in a flourishing condition. There are
other schools in the village, under the supervision of
the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Clermont was
organized about 1849, with eight or ten members,
among whom were J. W. Larimore, William K.
Johnson, James D. Johnson, John Ross, William R.
664
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
Smith, Jonathan Bratton, Owens, and William
Speer. The first meeting was held at the house of
Dr. John Ross. Subsequent meetings were held at
private dwellings until the erection of the church
(frame) building about 1850. The first preacher
was the Rev. Heath, among whose successors
were the Revs. McDonald, Davy, Mashaun, Baker,
Webster, Lewis, Ricker, Demott, McMannie, Mahan,
Hazelton, and G. J. Vought, the present minister.
The church has now a membership of between forty
and fifty, and there is connected with it a Sabbath-
school, which was started by Mr. McDaniel, at about
the time when the church building was erected.
The present superintendent is J. T. Jones, and the
school is attended by nearly one hundred pupils.
The Presbyterian Church at Clermont was organ-
ized under charge of the Rev. George Long, and
among the small band of original members were
John Moore, Martin Warfel, William B. McClelland,
and Joseph Patton. The church edifice (a frame
building) erected about 1858 is the present house of
worship of the congregation. The church has now
between twenty-five and thirty members, under pas-
toral charge of Mr. Patton.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Bridgeport
was organized as a class about the year 1832. The
first meetings were held at the houses of Aaron
Homan, Robert Speer, and other members, and after-
wards in the school-house, until the erection (about
1850) of their meeting-house, which was a frame
structure, about thirty by forty feet in size. One of
the earliest preachers to this church was the Rev.
Asa Beck, who was exceedingly earnest and enthu-
siastic (and, as some said, violent) in his preaching.
After him came the circuit preachers Dorsey and
Smith. The present pastor of the church is the
Rev. Mr. Switzer. About 1844 a burial-ground was
laid out in connection with this church, but after a
very few interments had been made the ground was
abandoned for that use.
The Maywood Methodist Episcopal Church dates
its class organization back about fifty years, at which
time their place of meeting was in a log church
building, which was erected on land of Samuel Dar-
nell, one of the most prominent of the members.
After a time this old building was given up, and a
new frame church was built, about three hundred
yards north of the old site, on the Darnell land
(which had in the mean time passed to the owner-
ship of Charles Robinson). This frame church, which
was sometimes called the Robinson Church, was lo-
cated "about two miles north of Maywood, at the
crossing of Morris Street and the Maywood road, on
the southwest corner. This church building was
destroyed by fire some fifteen years ago, and about
the year 1875 the present church at Maywood was
erected for the use of the congregation. The re-
moval to Maywood, and the erection of the new
church building there, was largely due to the enthu-
siastic energy and perseverance of a young circuit
preacher, the Rev. Mr. Kelsey. The church now
numbers about fifty members, among whom are
Charles Robinson, James H. Porter, C. S. Hoover,
Henry Johnson, David Robinson, Jesse Wright, and
others of prominence.
An old Baptist Church building, erected more than
half a century ago (one of the first frame churches
in Marion County), is still standing near Mount Jack-
son, a little west of the Insane Asylum. The first
church organization that worshiped here included
among its prominent members Israel, Samuel, and
Ede Harding, with others of the pioneer settlers of
that vicinity. The organization ceased to exist many
years ago, and the church building was abandoned as
a house of worship.
The Friends' meeting-house of Bridgeport is a
good brick building, standing about a half-mile out
from the village. John Furnas, the original owner
of the land which forms the town site, was a Quaker,
and most of the first inhabitants of Bridgeport and
its vicinity were members of the same sect. Samuel
Spray, James Mills, John Johnson, John Owens,
David Mills, Samuel Starbuck, Joseph, Isaac, and
Robert Furnas, and Asa, Joel, John, and David Bal-
lard were all prominent men in the Friends' Meeting.
The first meeting-house of the society at this place
was a frame building, which, after some years' use,
gave place to the present brick house. A burial-
ground, in connection with the church, embraces
about a half-acre, donated to the society for that pur-
Iilll!illlllil1llll|lii|itlllllllllllll!lllltlllllilllllllll
JAMES JOHNSON.
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
665
pose by Samuel Spray at about the time of the erec-
tion of the old meeting-house. The principal min-
ister of the Friends at this place at the present time
is Wilson Spray.
Scliools. — One of the earliest (and said to be the
first) of the school-houses in Wayne township was
on the Daniel Barnhill farm, near the farm of Asa
B. Strong. Another was on the farm of William
Gladden. Both these, as also all the others of the
earliest school-houses, were merely log cabins, built
by the people of their respective neighborhoods,
without the aid of any public funds either in build-
ing the houses or supporting the schools. The Barn-
hill school-house, above mentioned, was built in the
fall of 1823, and in it the first teacher was George L.
Kinnard (afterwards a member of Congress), who
taught two terms. Following him were several
teachers, among whom were Hugh Wells and John
Tomlinson. This old school-house went to decay
many years ago.
There is an old log building still standing east of
Eagle Creek and about a half-mile north of the
Crawfordsville road, which was erected for a school-
house in 1824 by Isaac Pugh and others, and which
was the only place of education in that part of the
township. One of the earliest teachers in it (and
believed to be the first) was a man named Barker.
A few years later a school was taught there by
George Sanders. The old building was used as a
school-house until about 1847, and then abandoned
for that use.
Another log school-house, built by the people of
the neighborhood in the same manner and at about
the same time as that above mentioned, was located
on the John T. Presley farm. Like the other early
school-houses, it had logs cut out for window-spaces
and these covered with greased paper. The floor,
seats, and writing-bench for pupils were made of
puncheons, — that is, split logs hewed tolerably smooth
on the split side. Mr. Barker also taught in this
house, and Kobert G. Hanna was a teacher there
about 1826-27. It was used as a school-house for
nearly a quarter of a century, and was abandoned
about 1847.
A school-house, built about 1834, was situated on
43
the turnpike near the Crawfordsville road. It was
a log building, of the same style outside and inside
as the others mentioned. The first teacher in this
building was Freeborn Garretson, who was followed
by Joseph Darby, who taught from about 1838 till
1841, when the building was abandoned and demol-
ished.
In Bridgeport a school-house was built at about
the time of the laying out of the town by S. K.
Barlow. This was used for school purposes until
1842, when a brick house was built by subscription,
and schools were maintained in it also by subscrip-
tion until the inauguration of the county system of
schools.
Wayne township has now eighteen school districts
and the same number of school-houses, ten frame and
eight brick. The schools taught in these include
four graded and two colored schools. The number
of teachers employed in 1883 was twenty-two white
(thirteen male and nine female) and two colored
teachers. The average length of school terms was
one hundred and forty days. Total average attend-
ance, five hundred. Six teachers' institutes were
held in the township during the year. Value of
school-houses and sites in the township, twenty-two
thousand dollars ; value of school apparatus, three
hundred dollars ; number of children admitted to
schools in Wayne in 1883: white male, four hundred
and twenty-three ; white females, three hundred and
forty-one ; colored males, thirty-one ; colored females,
forty-two ; total, eight hundred and thirty-seven.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
JAMES JOHNSON.
Mr. Johnson was a native of Grayson County,
Va., from whence he early removed to Butler
County, Ohio, and to Indianapolis on the 11th of
March, 1823, his first home being a hewed log
house on the present Market Street. Mr. Johnson's
own account of his experience as a pioneer conveys a
graphic idea of the privations and hardships of the
early settler :
" I then made another wheelbarrow trip to an old
666
HISTORY OF INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY.
frame on the corner of Washington and New Jersey
Streets. In this old shell I wintered and served a
regular apprenticeship to the chills and fever, shaking
sometimes three times a day, and sometimes only once
in three days. I moved to a cabin I built on the
farm [which was his home during his life, five miles
from the city on the Crawfordsville road] on the 15th
of March, 1824, without its being chinked or daubed,
or loft or floor being in it, having only a door, but no
shutter, and fireplace cut out and built up of wood as
high as the mantel log. In this situation I com-
menced trying to make a farm, ague still visiting me
now and then. I was there in the woods, and not
very well situated, without a horse or anything of
consequence, except a very good cow with horns,
and a dog which had a disease called the sloes. But
I succeeded that spring in clearing out about three
acres of ground and fencing it, cutting and splitting
the rails and carrying them on my shoulder to make
my fence. I got my corn planted on the 15th of
June, 1824. I succeeded, with the help of a neigh-
bor and his horse to do the plowing, in raising a crop
of fodder and some sound corn, of which I used a
part for bread. In the mean time I had to carry my
meal from Indianapolis on my shoulder, having made
a small crop of corn the year before on the donation
land, and what is now known as Blackwood's addi-
tion to Indianapolis. Whenever we wanted a gri.st
of meal I would go over to town, shell the corn, and
take it to old Mr. Isaac Wilson's mill on Fall Creek,
get it ground, shoulder it up and start for home,
wade White River, and make the trip with about one
bushel of meal, which would generally last us about
four weeks."
And he adds: " In the fall of the year 1824 my
father died, and at the sale of his personal property
I bought an old horse and his blacksmith tools.
Being rather handy with tools, I soon learned the
blacksmithing business, so as to do the work of some
of my neighbors. In fact, I was not very particular
whether it was iron- or wood-work they wanted, I
could turn my hand to anything. I did dress out the
guns, mend the locks, shoe the horses, sharpen tlie
plows, repair the old wagons, and make and mend
shoes for the neighbors, and so in this way I have
been able to get along a part of my time, always
ready to take hold of any work that was proper to be
done, and if I could not get the largest price for my
work I would take what I could get."
Mr. Johnson for fifty years was identified with the
advancement and prosperity of Indianapolis and the'
county adjacent. He began life without the usual:
aids to success, but developed in his business career
those qualities which made prosperity almost a cer-
tainty, and enabled him to acquire a competence,
He possessed untiring energy, and believed that ond
of the aids not only to afiluence but to happiness
was constant employment. He was, therefore, never
idle, and always profitably employed. He was in hiB
political faith a Democrat, and during his life identi-
fied with that party, always manifesting great intel-
ligence and decided convictions on questions of public
policy. He was a man of strict probity in all business
and social relations, and faithful to every trust con-
fided in him. He was honored with many ofiicial posi-
tions during his lifetime, being for eleven ye^rs
justice of the peace for Wayne township, one of the
superintendents appointed by the government for the
construction of the National pike, sheriff of the
Supreme Court, deputy marshal under Hon. Jesse
D. Bright, member of the State Legislature for the
years 1838 and 1839, and Presidential elector. His
home relations were always foremost in his thoughts.
Whether as son, husband, or father, he was equally
tender and affectionate. Mr. Johnson was married
at the age of nineteen to Miss Hannah, daughter of
Samuel and Catherine Snively. Their children are
Catherine (Mrs. W. C. Holmes), Mary E. (Mrs.
W. R. Hogshire), John, James, Jesse, and Isaac,
now living, and Samuel, Sarah, and Heni'y, de-
ceased. He was a second time married, to Annie
Heath Branham, of Madison, Ind. The death of
Mr. Johnson occurred on the 16th of May, 1832, in
his eighty-first year.
11