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UNIVERSITY OF IUINOIS LIBRARY AT
uu 06
IAN 2 19681
JUL26
IWK 03
FEB 1 5 J992
MAY 261998
MAR 24
L161 O-1096
HISTORY
OF
KNOX COUNTY
ILLINOIS;
TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF THE CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS ; RECORD
OF ITS VOLUNTEERS IN THE LATE WAR; EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL
AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT PERSONS
AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE SUBSCRIBERS ;
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS, ABSTRACTS OF THE
STATE LAWS, ETC., ETC., ETC.
ILLUSTRATED.
BY CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO.
CHICAGO :
BLAKELY, BROWN & MARSH, PRINTERS,
155 AND 157 DEARBORN STREET.
1878.
i ff
PREFACE.
Over a half century has rolled its years away since this section of Illinois
was first .chosen for a home by the white man. The trials, sufferings and
struggles that were experienced in converting even this fertile land from its vir-
gin wildness into the luxuriant and densely populated country now existing can
never be fully portrayed. Although, as in many frontier settlements, the
ground was not consecrated by the blood of pioneers and their families, yet hu-
man tongue or pen can never accurately 'picture the vicissitudes and trials of
the advanced guard of civilization who pitched their tents in Knox county.
Their labors were as trying to their mind as to the body. Physical and mental
strength waste together, and the memory of names, dates and events becomes
lost by the confusion of accumulating years. Events that were fresh in mem-
ory ten to twenty years after their occurrence are almost if not entirely for-
gotten when fifty years have passed. If not entirely obliterated from mem-
ory's tablet, they have become so dim that when we call for information con-
cerning the past it is often given with many doubtings and much hesitancy ;
while others were positive and often as immovable as to their correctness as
Gibralter. For instance, one man insisted that the Black Hawk war was in
1830. Again, we were informed that Michael Fraker came to Lynn township
in 1828. The information came from reliable sources, yet from other facts we
had deemed the date incorrect and set about a careful investigation ; and after
weeks of patient labor found the date of his settlement to be 1830. We refer
to these to show how apt people are to let their memories betray them. The
best memories will differ in the particulars of past events, some seizing upon
one detail and some on another ; hence often arises honest difference. Many
may question the dates given in this work. Indeed it is more than likely some
are wrong, for it is not expected that it is so perfect as to be above criticism,
for the book is yet to be published that can justly claim perfection ; but it is
the Publishers' hope, as it is their belief, that it will be found measurably cor-
rect and generally accurate and reliable. Industrious and studied care has
been exercised to make it a standard book of reference as well as of interest
to the general reader. If in such a multiplicity of names, dates, etc., some
errors are not detected it will be strange indeed.
It may be claimed that many important events of early history are omitted,
or but casually mentioned. For this we can say we are not at fault. For weeks
and months we btgged for information. In the very incipiency of our labor no
pains were spared to interest the people of all parts of the county in the work.
We published 25,000 copies of the Historic Record and sent them broadcast
over the county ; appeals were made through the various papers ; beside these,
hundreds of letters have been written and hundreds of journeys made. We
have been willing and anxious to get every important scrap of history. The
items gleaned from public records are full, complete and correct. We doubt
if the public journals will ever be read more carefully than the perusal we
gave them. From July 7, 1830, the date of the opening of the first record, to
the present time, every page of the many musty old volumes was carefully
read. The chain of official events was followed from the first.
IV PREFACE.
Kvery item given we were careful to have correct, and not being satisfied with
our own knowledge of facts had the various articles read by responsible parties
who were known to be acquainted with particular events. We have had much
of the early history read and corrected by Major Thomas McKee, who every
one knows is perhaps the best posted man in the county on pioneer history.
We have also had Hon. W. Selden Gale, State's Attorney J. J. Tunnicliff,
County School Superintendent Miss Mary Allen West, and many others of well
known authority, read manuscript and proof and make needed corrections and
suggestions.
Our soldiers' list is full and was very carefully compiled. Months of labor
were bestowed upon this one item ; and should there be a soldier whose name
is not recorded here we believe the omission not our oversight ; and investiga-
tion will show him credited to some other county. It was impossible to obtain
the correct spelling of some of the names.
In the latter part of the work the educational and religious history and
sketches of cities and towns we were compelled to condense more than we
would have done could it have been avoided. As it is we give to our subscri-
bers a book of 750 pages instead of one of 600 pages, which is as large as we
ever promised to any one. By additional pages and smaller type we have
increased the amount of matter by at least one-half. From comparison
with other county histories we believe it to be more full and com-
plete than any similar work published in the State, and trust, with all of
its imperfections, it will prove satisfactory to all. In this confident
belief we submit to the enlightened judgment of those our subscri-
bers for whose benefit it has been prepared, in the assurance that it
will be kindly received.
We have avoided indulging in general reflections or mere speculations,
excepting such as naturally rose out of the subject under consideration, prefer-
ring to give a minute narrative, omitting no particular that was characteristic of
the persons, the events or the times, and endeavoring to place every fact in
such a point of view that the reader might see the county in all its various
stages of progression. We have labored faithfully and conscientiously, with
no thought of swindling or humbugging the people, as we believe our work
will show.
In conclusion we extend our heartfelt thanks for innumerable favors to MA-
JOR THOMAS McKEE, PROP. GEO. CHURCHILL, PROF. M. L. COMSTOCK, PROF.
J. V. N. STANDISH, GEO. DAVIS, HON. W. S. GALE, DAVID SANBORN, R. L.
HANNAMAN, MAYOR JOHN C. STEWART, Galesburg, HON. 0. F. PRICE, and the
county officials, Judge DENNIS CLARK, County Clerk JOHN S. WINTER, Cir-
cuit Clerk GEO. L. HANNAMAN, State's Attorney J. J. TUNNICLIFF, School
Superintendent Miss MARY ALLEN WEST, Sheriff A. W. BERGGREN and
Treasurer J. L. BURKHALTER ; also to Miss EkMA EVEREST, T. LESLIE
McGiRR, M. J. A. MEADOWS, and to the various newspaper editors of the
county.
Before closing we wish to vindicate ourselves in the statement made at the
beginning, that " we would publish no more books than we had actual and re-
hable subscriptions for." This we have scrupulously adhered to ; and by re-
ferring to our biographical sketches of subscribers, the list will be found to
contain a large proportion of the people who comprise the life, enterprise and
intelligence of Knox county.
CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO.
GALESBURG, Nov. 1878.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER. PAGE.
I- EARLY SETTLEMENT, - 100
First Settlers, 100 Knox County, 106 Prairie Fires, 110 The Big Snow, 116
Going to Market, 117 Money, 119 First Celebration, 120 Militia, 121
Bee-Hunting, 121 Courts, 125.
II. IMPORTANT LABORS OF THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT, 128
Organization, 128 First Meetings of the Court, 129 Circuit Court, 132 Rev-
enue, 133 First Court House, 133 County Seat, 137 Judicious and Liberal
Commissioners, 137 School Commissioner, 139 Log Jail, 140 Knoxville
Named, 141 Licenses, 141 Brick Court-House, 143 Jail at Knoxville, 145
Escape of Prisoners, 145 Horse-Thieves, 146 Last Meeting, 146.
III. BLACK HAWK WAR, 149
IV. GEOLOGY OF KNOX COUNTY, 161
Surface Geology, 161 Economical Geology; Stone for Building, 165 Lime-
stone for Lime, 166 Coal, 166.
V. ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, 168
Quadrupeds, 168 Birds, 168 Fishes, 175 Trees and Shrubs, 176 Vines, 180
Herbaceous Plants, 180.
VI. ARCHAEOLOGY, 185
VII. PIONEER LIFE, - 188
Log Cabins, 188 Selections of Homes, 189 Milling, 190 Native Animals,
193 Cooking, 197 Implements, 197 Women's Work, 199 Pleasures of
Pioneer Life, 200.
VIII. UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, - 201
Black Laws, 201 Mode of Running the U. G. R. R., 202 Aunt Sukey, 203
Bill Casey, 206 Galesburg Station, 210 Ontario Station, 211 Hitchcock
Station, 211 Arrest of the Rev. John Cross, 212 Rev. John Cross Again, 213.
IX. RAILROADS, - 216
X. CRIMINAL RECORD, . 227
First Murder, 227 Other Murders, 228-233 Gilson Murder, 233 Horse
Stealing, 240.
XL OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION, 241
XII. IMPORTANT LABORS OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, 247
County Court, 247 Township Organization, 249 Alms-house, 253 War
Record, 262.
XIII. THE WAR AT HOME, 274
The Tocsin of War, 274 Liberality of Those at Home, 281 Soldiers' Aid
Society, 289 The Close, 302.
VI CONTENTS.
CHAPTER. PAGK.
XIV. THE WAR IN THE FIELD, 305
The War, 305 Stone River, 305 Prison Life, 306 Incidents of Enlisting, 308
The 102d, 309 Knox County Volunteers, 312-379 The 4th Regiment,
I. N. G., 379 Band, 381 Regimental Officers, 382 Drum Corps, 382 Com-
pany A, 382 Company B, 383 Company C, 383 Members of Battery, 384.
XV. RESOURCES OF THE COUNTY, . 385
XVI. POLITICAL, 404
XVII. PERSONAL INCIDENTS AND MISCELLANY, - 422
Historical Items from Rev. Wright's Journal, 422 Indian Boy Killed, 427
Big Storms, 427 Sudden Changes. 429 Cold Weather, 429 Wet Season, 430
A Ferocious Dog, 430 Lost Children, 431 Race to Quincy, 433 Early Mill-
ing, 437 Canada Thistles, 438 Bee-Raising, 439 Pop-Corn and Mustard, 440
Prizes for Hogs, 441 Matrimonial, 442 Catamount, 448 Wolves, 448
His First Trip, 448 An Old Hatter, 449 Aerolite, 449 Table of Distances,
450 County Funds, 450 First Things, 450.
XVIII. THE BAK AND OFFICIALS OF THE COUNTY, . 452
The Bar, 452 County Commissioners, 460 Treasurers, 462 County Clerks,
463 Circuit Clerks, 463 Sheriffs, County Judges, County School Superin-
tendents, Coroners, Surveyors, 464.
XIX. TEMPERANCE, 465
XX. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES, 479
Indian Point, 479 Cedar, 480 Galesburg, 483 Henderson, 484 Rio, 484
Chestnut, 486 Orange, 486 Knox, 486 Sparta, 487 Ontario, 495 Maquon,
496 Haw Creek, 497 Persifer, 498 Copley, 500 Walnut Grove, 501 Salem,
502 Elba, 503 Truro, 504 Victoria, 507 Lynn, 508.
XXI. BLOODED STOCK, ... _ 512
XXII. MANUFACTORIES, 516
Frost Manufacturing Company, 516 The Steel Plow, 519 The Novelty Ma-
chine Works, 521 Brown's Corn-Planter Works, 521 Broom Factory, 529
Hemstreet Carriage Manufactory, 530 Marble Works, 530 May Brothers'
Windmill, 530 Cheese Factories, 531.
XXIII. THE PRESS, 533
Newspapers of Galesburg, 534 Knoxville Papers, 537-Abingdon Papers, 540
Oneida and Maquon Papers, 543.
XXIV. EDUCATION, - N . . 544
Early Schools, 544-Holiday Treating, 548 The Loud School, 551 Knox
College, 553 Cherry Grove Seminary, 563 Lombard University, 563 Abing-
don College, 571 Hedding College, 579 St. Mary's School, 585 Western
Business College, 595 Ansgari College, 596 Knox Agricultural School, 598
Galesburg Public Schools, 602.
XXV. RELIGIOUS, - 60 4
Old School Baptists, 604 Methodist Episcopal, 604 Christian, 609 Presbyte-
rian, 610 First Church, Galesburg, 611 Baptist, 614 Congregational. 617
Lutheran, 618 Christian of Christian Connection, 618 Universalist, 619
Catholic, 619 Protestant Episcopal, 619- United Brethren, 620 Protestant
Methodist, 620 United Presbyterian, 620 Swedish Independent, 620
Galesburg City Mission, 620.
CONTENTS.
VII
CIIAPTBK PAGE.
XXVI. CITIES AND TOWNS, 622
Knoxville, 622 Henderson, 623 Galesburg, 623 Maquon, 640 Hermon, 641
Abingdon, 641 Union Town, 642 Victoria, 643 Oneida, 643 Altona, 644
Wataga, 644 St. Augustine, 645 Summit, 645 Gil son, 645 Yates City,
645 Rio, 646.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 647
HISTORY OF
Mound-Builders, , 17
Indians, 18
French and English Rule, 23
County of Illinois, 26
Territory of Illinois, 27
Illinois as a State 27
State Bank 32
Early Governors, 33
BlackHawk War, 37
Martyr for Liberty, 40
Mormon War, 43
Mexican War, 46
The War of the Rebellion, 47
Senators, 50
Governors, 51
Dress and Manners, 51
Physical Features of Illinois, 54
Agriculture, 57
Chicago, 61
Massacre of Fort Dearborn, 62
The Great Fire, 66
Commerce of Chicago 69
ABSTRACT OF STATE I.AWS.
Jurisdiction of Courts, 73
County Courts, 73
Commissioners of Highways, - 73
Fences, 75
Eminent Domain, 77
Drainage, - 77
Trespass of Stock, 77
Estrays 78
Horses, 79
Marks and Brands, 80
Articles of Agreement,. . . 80
General Formjof Agreement, 80
Deeds, 81
Wills, 82
Adoption of Children 84
Notes, 84
Judgment Notes, 85
Interest, 85
Days of Grace, 86
Limitation of Action, 87
Receipts, 87
Exemptions from Forced Sale, 87
Landlords and Tenants, 88
Criminal Law, 89
Millers, 90
Paupers, 91
Public and Private Conveyances, ... 92
Wagers and Stakeholders, 93
Sunday, 93
Definition of Commercial Terms, ... 94
Legal Weights and Measures, 9^
Game, 94
Bees, 95
Dogs 95
Cruelty to Animals, 95
ITXITED STATES MAItS.
U.S.Mails 96
Rates of Postage, 97
Third-Class Matter, 98
Registered Matter, 99
Money Orders, 99
PORTRAITS.
Allen, S. W., 135
Bateman, Newton, 559
Berggren, A. W 303
Blair, Dr. J. L., 291
Blanchard, J., 183
Brown, G. W., 523
Bruner, F. M., 573
Burkhalter, J. L., 351
VIII
CONTENTS.
Butler, J. W., 411
Churchill, Geo 327
Clark, Dennis, 279
Clark, Gen. Geo. R., 21
Colton.C. S., 493
Cooper, Dr. E. S 171
Hannaman, Geo. L, 555
Hannaman, R. L., 243
Henderson, David, 387
Hitchcock, H., 219
Holyoke, J. M., 207
Housh, David, 147
Jones, Conley, 399
Knox, James, 599
Latimer, J. F 363
Lefflngwell, C. W., 593
Lewis, J. H., 159
May, H. H., 505
Me Kee, Thomas 123
Peck, G. W., 615
Perkins, I. S 339
Reynolds, W. H 375
St. Clair, Gen. A., 29
Stilson, J.F., 469
Tunnicliff , J. J 231
Turner, Israel, 435
West, Miss M. A 549
Wetmore, I. M 195
Winter, John S 445
I I.L.USTR ATIOtf S.
Abingdon College, 570
Ansgari College, 596
Hedding College, 581
Knox College, 555
Knox Seminary, 555
Lombard University, 565
St. Mary's School, 589
Knoxville High School, 481
Oneida High School, 315
Wataga High School, 423
Pontiac, 35
Black Hawk, 41
Old Kinzie House, 55
Fort Dearborn, . 59
Chicago Exposition, 67
Chicago Water Works, 71
La Salle Street Tunnel 11 1
Alms House, 255
First Jail, 267
Knox County Jail, 267
Frost Factory, , 517
Brown's Works, 527
M. E. Church, Galesburg, 605
Union Hotel, Galesburg, 637
Frontispiece,
Knox County Map,
r
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
MOUND-BUILDERS.
Antiquarians claim that three distinct races of people lived in
North America prior to its occupation by the present population.
Of these, the builders of the magnificent cities whose remains are
found in Central America were the most civilized. The second race,
as determined by the character of their civilization, were the Mound-
Builders, the remains of whose works constitu-te the most interesting
class of antiquities found within the limits of the United States.
Like the ruins of Central America, they antedate the most ancient
records. They consist of the remains of what were apparently vil-
lages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifica-
tions, pleasure grounds, etc., etc. Their habitations must have been
tents, structures of wood, or some other perishable material; other-
wise their remains must have been numerous. If the Mound-
Builders were not the ancestors of the Indians, who were they? The
oblivion which has closed over them is so complete that only con-
jecture can be given in answer to the question. Those who do not
believe in the common parentage of mankind contend that they were
an indigenous race of the western hemisphere; others, with more
plausibility, think they came from the East, and imagine that they
can see coincidences in the religion of the Hindoos and southern
Tartars and the supposed theology of the Mound-Builders. They
were, no doubt, idolaters, and it has been conjectured that the sun
was an object of adoration. The mounds were generally built in a
situation affording a view of the rising sun; when inclosed with walls,
their gateways were toward the east. The caves in which they were
occasionally found buried always opened in the same direction.
Whenever a mound was partially inclosed by a semi-circular pave-
ment, it was on the east side; when bodies were buried in graves, as
was frequently the case, they lay in an eastern and western direction ;
and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his
rays of light.
At what period they came to this country is likewise a matter of
speculation. From the comparatively rude state of the arts among
them, it has been inferred that the time was very remote. Their
2
Jg HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
axes were of stone ; their raiment, judging from fragments which
have been discovered, consisted of the barks of the trees interwoven
with feathers; and their military works were such as a people would
erect who had just passed from the hunter to the pastoral state of
society.
What finally became of them is another query which has been
extensively discussed. The fact that their works extend into Mexico
and Peru has induced the belief that it was their posterity that
dwelt in these countries when they were first visited by the
Spaniards. The Mexican and Peruvian works, with the exception
of their greater magnitude, are similar. Relics common to all
of them have been occasionally found, and it is believed that
the religious uses which they subserved were the same. If, in-
deed, the Mexicans and Peruvians were the progeny of the more
ancient Mound- Builders, the Spanish rapacity for gojd was the
cause of their overthrow and final extermination.
A thousand other queries naturally arise respecting these nations
which now repose under the ground, but the most searching investi-
gation can only give us vague speculations for answers. No historian
has preserved the names of their mighty chieftains, or given an
account of their exploits, and even tradition is silent respecting them.
INDIANS.
The third race, which, according to the ethnologists, has inhabited
North America, is the present Indians. "When visited by early
European pioneers they were without cultivation, refinement or
literature, and far behind their predecessors, the Mound-Builders, in
the knowledge of the arts. The question of their origin has long
interested archaeologists, and is one of the most difficult they have
been called on to answer. One hypothesis is that they are an original
race. indigenous to the western hemisphere. Those who entertain
this view think their peculiarities of physical structure preclude the
possibility of a common parentage with the rest of mankind. Prom-
inent among those distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man
is round, in the white man oval, and in the black man flat.
A more common supposition, however, is that they are a deriva-
tive race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of
Asia. In the absence of all authentic history, and when even tradi-
tion is wanting, any attempt to point out the particular location of
their origin must prove unsatisfactory. Though the exact place of
origin may never be known, yet the striking coincidence of physical
organization between the Oriental type of mankind and the Indians
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 19
point unmistakably to some part of Asia as the place whence they
emigrated. Of the several great branches of North American Indi-
ans as determined by sameness of language and mental and physical
type, the only ones entitled to consideration in Illinois history are the
Algonquin and Iroquois.
The Illinois confederacy was composed of five tribes: theTamoroas,
Miehigana, Kaskaskias, Cahokas and Peorias. The definition of the
Indian word Illinois is real, or superior men, and is derived from the
Delaware word Illini. The termination of the word as it is now
used is of French origin. As early as 1670, the priest, Father Mar-
quette, mentions frequent visits made by individuals of this confed-
eracy to the missionary station of St. Esprit, near the western extrem
ity of Lake Superior. Joliet and Marquette, in 1673, descended the
Mississippi, below the mouth of the Wisconsin, on their famous
voyage of discovery, and met with a band of them on the west bank
of the river. The principal chief treated them with great hospitality,
gave them a calumet as a pass dow r n the river, and bid them a friendly
farewell. The same explorers, on their return voyage up the Illinois
river, discovered and stopped at the principal town of the confederacy,
situated on the banks of the river seven miles below the present town
of Ottawa. It was then called Kaskaskia. Marqnette returned to
the village in the spring of 1675, and established the mission of the
Immaculate Conception, the oldest in Illinois. When, in 1679, La
Salle visited the town, it had greatly increased, numbering 460 lodges,
and at 'the annual assembly of the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000
souls.
The Sacs and Foxes, who have figured extensively in the history of
Illinois, dwelt in the northwestern portion^of the State. Though still
retaining separate tribal names, they had, by long residence together
and intermarriage, become substantially one people. Drake, in his
"Life of Black Hawk," speaks of these tribes as follows: "The Sacs
and Foxes fought their way from the waters of the St. Lawrence to
Green Bay, and after reaching that place not only sustained themselves
against hostile tribes, but were the most active and courageous in
the subjugation, or rather the extermination, of the numerous and
powerful Illinois confederacy. They had many wars, offensive and
defensive, with the Sioux, the Pawnees, the Osages, and other tribes,
some of which are ranked among the most fierce and ferocious war-
riors of the whole continent; and it does not appear that in these
conflicts, running through a long period of years, they were found
wanting in this, the greatest of all savage virtues. In the late war
with Great Britain, a party of the Sacs and Foxes fought under the
20 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
British standard as a matter of choice; and in the recent conflict
between a fragment of these tribes and the United States, although
defeated and literally cut to pieces by an overwhelming force, it is
very questionable whether their reputation as braves would suffer by
a comparison with that of their victors. It is believed that a careful
review of their history will lead the inquirer to the conclusion that
the Sacs and Foxes are a truly courageous people, shrewd, politic and
enterprising." These tribes, at the time of the Black Hawk war, were,
divided into twenty families, twelve of which were Sacs and eight
Foxes. The following were other prominent tribes occupying Illinois :
the Kickapoos, Shawnees, Mascoulins, Piaukishaws, Potawattomies,
Chippewas. and Ottawas.
The art of hunting not only supplied the Indian with food, but,
like that of war, was a means of gratifying his love of distinction.
The male children, as soon as they acquired sufficient age and strength,
were furnished with a bow and arrow and taught to shoot birds and
other small game. Success in killing large quadrupeds required years
of careful study and practice, and the art, was as sedulously inculcated
in the minds of the rising generation as are the elements of reading,
writing and arithmetic in the common schools of civilized communi-
ties. The mazes of the forest and the dense tall grass of the prairies
were the best fields for the exercise of the hunter's skill. No feet
could be impressed in the yielding soil but they were the objects of
the most searching scrutiny, and revealed at a glance the animal that
made them, the direction it was pursuing, and the time that had
elapsed since it had passed. In a forest country he selected the
valleys, because they were most frequently the resort of game. The
most easily taken, perhaps, of all the animals of the chase was the
deer. It is endowed with a curiosity which prompts it to stop in its
flight and look back at the approaching hunter, who always avails
himself of this opportunity to let fly the fatal arrow.
Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old -men.
When in council, they usually sat in concentric circles around the
speaker, and each individual, notwithstanding the fiery passions that
rankled within, preserved an exterior as immovable as if cast in
bronze. Before commencing business a person appeared with the
sacred pipe, and anotheY with fire to kindle it. After being lighted,
it was first presented to heaven, secondly to the earth, thirdly to the
presiding spirit, and lastly to the several councilors, each of whom
took a whiff. These formalities were observed with as much scrupu-
lous exactness as state etiquette in civilized courts.
GEN. GEORGE RODGERS CLARK
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 23
FRENCH AND ENGLISH RULE.
After a long contest between the French and English for the pos-
session of the Northwest, the latter was finally victorious; and on the
10th of October, 1T65, the ensign of France was replaced on the ram-
parts of Fort Chartres by the flag of Great Britain. This fort was
the depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous for the united
forces of the French. At this time the colonies of the Atlantic sea-
board were assembled in preliminary congress at New York, dreaming
of liberty and independence for the continent; and Washington, who
led the expedition against the French for the English king, in less
than ten years was commanding the forces opposed to the English
tyrant. Illinois, besides being constructively a part of Florida for
over one hundred years, during which time no Spaniard set foot upon
her soil, or rested his eyes upon her beautiful plains, for nearly ninety
years had been in the actual occupation of the French, their puny
settlements slumbering quietly in colonial dependence on the far-off
waters of the Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash.
The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule;
and on the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every
post of importance in the "West; and while the colonists of the East
were maintaining a fierce struggle with the armies of England, their
western frontiers were ravaged by merciless butcheries of Indian
warfare. The jealousy of the savage had been aroused to action by
the rapid extension of American settlement westward and the improper
influence exerted by a number of military posts garrisoned by British
troops. To prevent indiscriminate slaughters arising from these
causes, Illinois became the theater of some of the most daring exploits
connected with American history. The hero of these achievements
by which this beautiful land was snatched as a gem from the British
Crown, was George Rogers Clark, of Virginia. He had closely
watched the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and
understood their whole plan ; he also knew the Indians were not unan-
imously in accord with the English, and therefore was convinced that,
could the British be defeated and expelled from tho Northwest, the
natives might be easily awed into neutrality. Having convinced him-
self that the enterprise against the Illinois settlement might easily
succeed, he repaired to the capital of Virginia, arriving November 5.
While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17 , 1777, Bur-
goyne was defeated, and the spirits of the colonists thereby greatly
encouraged. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once
entered heartily into Clark's plans; and after satisfying the Virginia
24-' HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
leaders of the feasibility of his project, received two sets of instruc-
tionsone secret, the other open. The latter authorized him to
'proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, and to serve
three months after their arrival in the West. The secret order
authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead
of General Hand, at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate
the country.
With these instructions Col. Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choosing
rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all
were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Colonel
W. B. Smith to Holstein and Captains Helm and Bowman to other
localities to enlist men; but neither succeeded in raising the required
number. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own
firesides exposed to a vigilant foe. With these companies and several
private volunteers, Clark commenced his descent of the Ohio, which
he navigated as far as the falls, where he took possession of and
fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present cities of
Louisville, Ky., and New Albany, Ind. Here, after having completed
his arrangements and announced to the men their real destination, he
o
left a small garrison; and on the 24th of June, during a total eclipse
of the sun, which to them augured no good, they floated down the
river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac, and thence
inarch direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise .the gar-
rison, and after its capture, go to Cahokia, then to Yincennes, and
lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he intended to march directly to
the Mississippi river and cross it into the Spanish country. Before
his start, he received good items of information: one that the alliance
had been formed between France and the United States, and the other,
that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants
at the various frontier posts had been led by the British believe to
that the " Long- Knives," or Virginians, were the most fierce, blood-
thirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression
on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them
to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from gratitude
would become friendly, if treated with unexpected leniency. The
march to Kaskaskia was made through a hot July sun, arriving on
the evening of the 4th of July, 17T8. They captured the fort near the
village, and soon afterward the village itself, by surprise, and without
the loss of a single man and without killing any of the enemy. After
sufficiently working on the fears of the natives, Clark told them they
were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take which-
ever side of the great conflict they would; also he would protect them
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 25
against any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the
desired effect; and the inhabitants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully
surprised by the unlooked-for turn of aifairs, at once swore allegiance
to the American arms; and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on
the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and through their influence
the inhabitants of the place surrendered and gladly placed themselves
under his protection.
In the person of M. Gibault, priest of Kaskaskia, Clark found a
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain posses-
sion of the northwest, and treat successfully with the Indians, he must
establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Vincent,
the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before
the Mississippi valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he
would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connec-
tion with England. Clark gladly accepted this offer, and on the 14th
of July, in company with a fellow- townsman, Gibault started on his
mission of peace. On the 1st of August he returned with the cheer-
ful intelligence that everything was peaceably .adjusted at Vincennes
in favor of the Americans. During the interval, Colonel Clark estab-
lished his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, success-
fully re-enlisted his men, sent word to have a fort (which proved the
germ of Louisville) erected' at the falls of the Ohio, and dispatched
Rocheblave, who had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of
war to Kichmond.
While the American commander was thus negotiating with the
Indians, Hamilton, the British Governor of Detroit, heard of Clark's
invasion, and was greatly incensed because the country which he had
in charge should be wrested from him by a few ragged militia. He
therefore hurriedly collected a force, and marching by way of the
Wabash, appeared before the fort at Yincennes. The inhabitants
made an effort to defend the town, and when Hamilton's forces
arrived, Captain Helm and a man of the name of Henry were the
only Americans in the fort. These men had been sent by Clark; the
latter, charging a cannon, placed it in the open gateway, and the
Captain standing by it with a lighted match cried out, as Hamilton
came in hailing distance, u Halt! " The British officer, not knowing
the strength of the garrison, stopped, and demanded the surrender of
the fort. Helm exclaimed, " No man shall enter here till I know
the terms." Hamilton responded, "You shall have the honors of
war." The entire garrison consisted of one officer and one private.
Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the winter, sent his four
26 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the
Ohio, and to annoy the Americans in ail ways, and sat quietly down
to pass the winter. Information of all these proceedings having
reached Clark, he saw that immediate and decisive action was neces-
sary, and that unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would cap-
ture him. Clark received the news on the 29th of January, 1779, and
on February 5th set out for Vincennes; arid after incredibly hard
marching through much mud, the ground being thawed by the inces-
sant rains, on the 22d he reached the fort, and at once commenced
the attack. The aim of the American backwoodsman was unerring,
and on the 24th the garrison surrendered. The French were treated
with great kindness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia.
Hamilton was sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in
close confinement. During his command of the British frontier forts
he offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of the Americans
they could bring him, and earned in consequence thereof the title
"Hair-buyer General," by which he was ever afterwards known.
Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterpris-
ing Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor
Henry, being apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforce-
ments, and Clark concluded to wait until he could capture and suffi-
ciently garrison the posts. Had Clark failed in this bold under-
taking, and Hamilton succeeded in uniting the western Indians for
the next spring's campaign, the West would indeed have been swept
from the. Mississippi to the Alleghany mountains, and the great blow
struck which had been contemplated by the British from the com-
mencement. Had it not been for this small army of fearless Virgin-
ians, the union of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia against the
O *
colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our
history changed.
COUNTY OF ILLINOIS.
In October, 1778, after the successful campaign of Colonel Clark,
the assembly of Virginia erected the conquered country, embracing
all the territory northwest of the Ohio river, into the County of Illi &
nois. It embraced all that part of Virginia north of the Ohio river,
and was doubtless the largest county in the world, exceeding in its
dimensions the whole of Great Britain and Ireland. To speak more
definitely, it embraced the territory included in the great States of
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. On the 12th of
December, 5778, John Todd was appointed Lieutenant Commandant
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 27
of this county by Patrick Henry, then governor of Virginia, and
accordingly was also the first governor of Illinois.
TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS.
Illinois continued to form a part of Virginia until March 1, 1784,
when that State ceded the Northwestern Territory to the United
States. Immediately the general government proceeded to establish
a form of government for the settlers in the territories thus ceded.
The government of this county as then established continued until
the passage of the ordinance of 1787, for the government of the North-
western Territory.
On October 5, Major General Arthur St. Olair was, by Congress,
elected governor of this vast territory. St. Glair was born in Scotland,
and emigrated to America in 1755. He served in the French and
British war, and was major-general in the Revolution. In 1786 he
was elected to Congress, and chosen president of that body.
After the division of this territory, Illinois became one of the
counties of the Territory of Indiana, from which it was separated by
an act of Congress February 3, 1809, forming the Territory of Illinois,
with a population estimated at 9,000. It was divided, at that time,
into two counties St. Clair and Randolph. John Boyle, of Ken-
tucky, was appointed Governor by the President, James Madison, but
declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same State, was then appointed,
and served with distinction; and after the formation of Illinois as
a State, he served in the same capacity, being the third governor of
the State.
ILLINOIS AS A STATE.
The Territory of Illinois was formed into a State by an act of Con-
gress April 18, 1818. In July and August of the same year, a con-
vention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a constitu-
tion. This constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people
for their-approval or rejection, it being well known that they would
approve it. It was about the first organic law of any State in the
Union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the
constitution was held on the third Thursday and the two succeeding
days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected Governor, and
Pierre Menard Lieutenant Governor. Their term of office extended
four years. December 3, 1818, Congress by a resolution declared
Illinois to be " one of the United States of America, and admitted
into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all
respects." At this time the State was divided into fifteen counties,
28 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
the population being about 40,000. Of this number by far the lar-
ger portion was from the Southern States. The salary of the Governor
was $1,000, while that of the Treasurer was $500. The Legislature
re-enacted, verbatim, the Territorial Code, the penal ties of which were
unnecessarily severe. "Whippings, stocks and pillory were used for
minor oifenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hang-
ing was the penalty. These laws however were modified in 1821.
The Legislature convened at Kaskaskia, the ancient seat of empire
for more than one hundred and fifty years, both for the French and
Americans. Provisions were, however, made for the removal of the
seat of government by this Legislature. A place in the wilderness on
the Kaskaskia river was selected and named Yandalia. From Yan-
dalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1837.
In 1820 occurred the first duel ever fought in Illinois. This took
place in St. Clair county between Alphonso Stewart and William
Bennett. It was intended to be a sham duel, to turn ridicule against
Bennett, the challenging party. Stewart was in the secret, but
Bennett was left to believe it a realty. Their guns were loaded with
blank cartridges. Bennett, suspecting a trick, put a ball into his gun,
without the knowledge of his seconds. The word " fire " was given,
and Stewart fell mortally wounded. Bennett made his escape, but
was subsequently captured, convicted of murder and suffered the
penalty of the law by hanging.
In an early day, when the great lead mines of Galena were being
worked, men would run up the Mississippi river in steamboats in the
spring, work the lead mines, and in the fall return, thus establishing,
as was supposed, a similitude between their migratory habits and
those of the fishy tribe called "suckers." For this reason the Illi-
noisans have ever since been called " Suckers."
In 1831 the criminal code was first adapted to penitentiary punish-
ment, ever since which time the old system of whipping and pillory
for the punishment of criminals has been disused.
From 1818 to the breaking out of the Black Hawk war. in 1832,
little occurred beyond the ordinary routine of events in a newly
settled country. The most prominent of these were the treaties
made with the Indians by the United States, by which the whole State
of Illinois was purchased from them. In tracing wars between the
Indians and the whites to their sources, we find them invariably
originating in the intrusion of the latter on the lands of the former.
This was the cause of the conspiracy of Pontiac, the hostilities of
Little Turtle, the battles with Tecumseh, and the war with Black
Hawk.
GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 31
The most desperate single-handed combat with Indians ever fought
on the soil of Illinois, was that of Tom Higgins, August 21, 1814.
Higgins was 25 years old, of a muscular and compact build, not tall,
but strong and active. In danger he possessed a quick and discerning
judgment, and was without fear. He was a member of Journey's
rangers, consisting of eleven men, stationed at Hill's Fort, eight miles
southwest of the present Greenville, Putnam county. Discovering
Indian signs near the fort, the company, early the following morning,
started on the trail. They had not gone far before they were in an
ambuscade of a larger party. At the first fire their commander,
Journey, and three men fell, six retreated to the fort in flight, but
Higgins stopped to " have another pull at the red-skins," and, taking
deliberate aim at a straggling savage, shot him down. Higgins
horse had been wounded at the first fire, as he supposed, mortally;
but coming to, he was about to effect his escape, when the familiar
voice of Burgess hailed him from the long grass, " Tom, don't leave
me." Higgins told him to come along, but Burgess replied that his
leg was smashed. Higgins attempted to raise him on his horse, but
the animal took fright and ran away. Higgins then directed Burgess
to limp off as well as he could; and by crawling through the grass lie
reached the fort, while the former loaded his gun and remained
behind to protect him against the pursuing enemy. When Burgess
was well out of the way, Higgins took another route, which led by a
small thicket, to throw any wandering enemy off the trail. Here he
was confronted by three savages approaching. He ran to a little
ravine near for shelter, but in the effort discovered for the first time
that he was badly wounded in the leg. He was closely pressed by
the largest, a powerful Indian,. who lodged a ball in his thigh. He
fell, but instantly rose again, only however to draw the fire of the
other two, and again fell wounded. The Indians now advanced upon
him with their tomahawks and scalping knives; but as he presented
his gun first at one, then at another, from his place in the ravine, each
wavered in his purpose. Neither party had time to load, and the
large Indian, supposing finally that Higgins' gun was empty, rushed
forward with uplifted tomahawk and a yell; but as he came near
enough, was shot down. At this, the others raised the war-whoop,
and rushed upon the wounded Higgins, and now a hand-to-hand con-
flict ensued. They darted at him with their knives time and again,
inflicting many ghastly flesh-wounds, which bled profusely. One of
the assailants threw his tomahawk at him with such precision as to
sever his ear and lay bare his skull, knocking him down. They now
rushed in on him, but he kicked them off, and grasping one of their
32 IIISTOKY OF ILLINOIS.
spears thrust at him, was raised up. by it. He quickly seized his gun,
and by a powerful blow crushed in the skull of one, but broke his
rifle. His remaining antagonist still kept up the contest, making
thrusts with his knife at the bleeding and exhausted Higgins, which
he parried with his broken gun as well as he could. Most of this
desperate engagement was in plain view of the fort; but the rangers,
having been in one ambuscade, saw in this fight only a ruse to draw
out the balance of the garrison. But a Mrs. Pursely, residing at the
fort, no longer able to see so brave a man contend unaided for his life,
seized a gun, and mounting a horse, started to his rescue. At this
the men took courage and hastened along. The Indian, seeing aid
coming, fled. Higgins, being nearly hacked to pieces, fainted from
loss of blood. He was carried to the fort. There being no surgeon,
his comrades cut two balls from his flesh: others remained in. For
days his life was despaired of; but by tender nursing, he ultimately
regained his health, badly crippled. He resided in Fayette county for
many years after, and died in 1829.
STATE BANK.
The Legislature during the latter years of territorial existence,
granted charters to several banks. The result was that paper money
became very abundant, times flush, credit unlimited, and everybody
invested to the utmost limit of his credit, with confident expectation
of realizing a handsome advance before the expiration of his credit,
from the throng of immigrants then pouring into the country. By
1819 it became apparent that a day of reckoning would approach
before their dreams of fortune could be realized. Banks everywhere
began to waver, paper money became depreciated, and gold and silver
driven out of the country. The Legislature sought to bolster up the
times by incorporating a new " Bank of Illinois," which, with several
branches, was created by the session of 1821. This bank, being
wholly supported by the credit of the State, was to issue one, two,
three, five, ten and twenty-dollar notes. It was the duty of the bank
to advance, upon personal property, money to the amount of $100,
and a larger amount upon real estate. All taxes and public salaries
could be paid in such bills; and if a creditor refused to take them he
had to wait three years longer before he could collect his debt. The
people imagined that simply because the government had issued the
notes, they would remain at par; and although this evidently could
not be the case, they were yet so infatuated with their project as
actually to request the United States Government to receive them in
payment for their public lands! Although there were not wanting
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 33
men who, like John McLean, the Speaker of the House ot Represent-
atives, foresaw the dangers and evils likely to arise from the creation
of such a bank, by far the greater part of the people were in favor of
it. The new bank was therefore started. The new issue of bills by
the bank, of course, only aggravated the evil theretofore so griev-
ously felt, of the absence of specie, so that the people were soon
compelled to cut their bills in halves and quarters, in order to make
small change in trade. Finally the paper currency so rapidly depre-
ciated that three dollars in these bills were only considered worth one
in specie, so that the State not only did not increase its revenue, but
lost full two-thirds of them, and expended three times the amount
required to pay the expenses of the State government.
EARLY GOVERNORS.
In the year 1822 the term of office of the first governor, Shadrach
Bond, expired. Two parties sprung up at this time, one favorable,
the other hostile, to the introduction of slavery, each proposing a
candidate of its own for governor. Both parties worked hard to
secure the election of their candidate; but the people at large decided,
as they ever have been at heart, in favor of a free State. Edward Coles,
an anti-slavery man, was elected, although a majority of the Legisla-
ture were opposed to him. The subject of principal interest during
his administration was to make Illinois a slave State. The greatest
effort being made in 1824, the proposition was defeated at the polls
by a majority of 1,800. The aggregate vote polled was 11,612, being
about 6,000 larger than at the previous State election. African slaves
were first introduced into Illinois in 1720 by Renault, a Frenchman.
Senator Duncan, afterwards governor, presented to the Legislature
of 1824-5 a bill for the support of schools by a public tax; and
William S. Hamilton presented another bill requiring a tax to be
used for the purpose of constructing and repairing the roads, both of
which bills passed and became laws. But although these laws con-
ferred an incalculable benefit upon the public, the very name of a tax
was so odious to the people that, rather than pay a tax of the smallest
possible amount, they preferred working as they formerly did, five
days during the year on the roads, and would allow their children to
grow up without any instruction at all. Consequently both laws
were abolished in 1826.
In the year 1826 the office of governor became again vacant.
Ninian Edwards, Adolphus F. Hubbard and Thomas C. Sloe were
candidates. Edwards had made himself many enemies by urging
strict inquiries to be made into the corruption of the State bank, so
3
34 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
that had it not been for his talents and noble personal appearance he
would most probably not have been elected. Hubbard was a man of
but little personal merit. Of him tradition has preserved, among
other curious sayings, a speech on a bill granting a bounty on wolf-
scalps. This speech, delivered before the Legislature, is as follows:
" Mr. Speaker, I rise before the question is put on this bill, to say a
word for my constituents. Mr. Speaker, I have never seen a wolf. 1
cannot say that I am very well acquainted with the nature and habits
of wolves. Mr. Speaker, I have said that I had never seen a wolf;
but now I remember that once on a time, as Judge Brown and I were
ridino- across the Bonpas prairie, we looked over the prairie about
three miles, and Judge Brown said, ' Hubbard, look! there goes a
wolf;' and I looked, and I looked, and I looked, and I said, 'Judge,
where?' and he said, 'There!' And I looked again, and this time in
the edge of a hazel thicket, about three miles across the prairie, I
think I saw the wolf's tail. Mr. Speaker, if I did not see a wolf that
time, I think I never saw one; but I have heard much, and read
more, about this animal. I have studied his natural history.
"By the bye, history is divided into two parts. There is first the
history of the fabulous; and secondly, of the non-fabulous, or un-
known age. Mr. Speaker, from all these sources of information, I
learn that the wolf is a very noxious animal; that he goes prowling
about, seeking something to devour; that he rises up in the dead and
secret hours of night, when all nature reposes in silent oblivion, and
then commits the most terrible devastation upon the rising generation
of hogs and sheep.
"Mr. Speaker, I have done; and I return my thanks to the house for
their kind attention to my remarks."
The primitive naivete and wonderful ingenuity as displayed in this
remarkable speech, show better than anything else the state of civili-
zation then existing in Illinois.
The Indians became troublesome in 1827. The Winnebagoes, Sacs
and Foxes and other tribes had been at war for more than a hundred
years. In the summer of 1827 a war party of the Winnebagoes sur-
prised a party of Chippeways, and killed 8 of them. Four of the
murderers were arrested and delivered to the Chippeways, by whom
they were immediately shot. This was the first irritation of the Win-
nebagoes. Red Bird, a chief of this tribe, in order to avenge the
execution of the four warriors of his own people, attacked the
Chippeways, but was defeated; and being determined to satisfy his
thirst for revenge by some means, surprised and killed several white
men. Upon receiving intelligence of these murders, the whites who
PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEF.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 37
were working the lead mines in the vicinity of Galena formed a body
of volunteers, and, re-inforced by a company of regular United States
troops, marched into the country of the Winnebagoes. To save their
nation from the miseries of war, Red Bird and six other men of his
nation voluntarily surrendered themselves. Some of the number
were executed, some of them imprisoned, and destined^like Red Bird,
ingloriously to pine away within the narrow confines of a jail, when
formerly the vast forests had proven too limited for them.
In August, 1830, another gubernatorial election was held. ' The
candidates were William Kinney, then lieutenant governor, and John
Reynolds, formerly an associate justice of the Supreme Court, both
Jackson democrats. The opposition brought forward no candidate, as
they were in a hopeless minority. Reynolds was the successful can-
didate, and under his administration was the famous
BLACK HAWK WAR.
In the year 1804 a treaty was concluded between the United States
and the chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations. One old chief of the Sacs,
however, called Black Hawk, who had fought with great bravery in the
service of Great Britain during the war of 1812, had always taken
exceptions to this treaty, pronouncing it void. In 1831 he established
himself, with a chosen band of warriors, upon the disputed territory,
ordering the whites to leave the country at once. The settlers com-
plaining, Governor Reynolds dispatched General Gaines, with a
company of regulars and 1.500 volunteers, to the scene of action.
Taking the Indians by surprise, the troops burnt their villages, and
forced them to conclude a treaty, by which they ceded all lands east
of the Mississippi, and agreed to remain on the western side of the
river. Necessity had compelled the proud spirit of Black Hawk into
submission, which made him more than ever determined to be
avenged upon his enemies. Having rallied around him the warlike
braves of the Sac and Fox nations, he crossed the Mississippi in the
spring of 1832. Upon hearing of the invasion, Governor Reynolds
hastily collected a body of 1,800 volunteers, placing them under the
command of Brig.-Gen. Samuel Whiteside.
The army marched to the Mississippi, and having reduced to ashes
the Indian village known as " Prophet's Town," proceeded for several
miles up the river to Dixon, to join the regular forces under General
Atkinson. They found at Dixon two companies of volunteers, who,
sighing for glory, were dispatched to reconnoiter the enemy. They
advanced under command of Major Stillman, to a creek afterwards
called "Stillman's run;" and while encamping there, saw a party of
38 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
mounted Indians at the distance of a mile. Several of Stillman's
party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of
them; but, attacked by the main body under Black Hawk, they were
routed, and by their precipitate flight spread such a panic through
the camp that the whole company ran off to Dixon as fast as their
legs could carry them. On their arrival it was found that there had
been eleven killed. A regiment sent to spy out the country between
Galena and Rock Island, was surprised by a party of seventy Indians,
and Was on the point of being thrown into disorder when General
Whiteside, then serving as a private, shouted out that he would shoot
the first man who should turn his back to the enemy. Order being
restored, the battle began. At its very outset General Whiteside shot
the leader of the Indians, who thereupon commenced a hasty retreat.
In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a band of 150 warriors, attacked
the Apple River Fort, near Galena, defended by 25 men. This
fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afford protection to
the miners. For 15 consecutive hours the garrison had to sustain
the assault of the savage enemy; but knowing very well that no
quarter would be given them, they fought with such fury and desper-
ation that the Indians, after losing many of their best warriors, were
compelled to retreat.
Another party of 11 Indians murdered two men near Fort Ham-
ilton. They were afterwards overtaken by a company of twenty men
and every one of them was killed.
A new regiment, under the command of General Atkinson, assem-
bled on the banks of the Illinois in the latter part of June. Major
Dement, with a small party, was sent out to reconnoiter the move-
ments of a large body of Indians, whose endeavors to surround him
made it advisable for him to retire. Upon hearing of this engage-
ment, General Atkinson sent a detachment to intercept the Indians,
while he, with the main body of his army, moved north to meet the
Indians under Black Hawk. They moved slowly and cautiously through
the country; and having passed through Turtle village, marched up
along Rock river. On their arrival news was brought of the discov,
ery of the main trail of the Indians. Considerable search was made,
but they were unable to discover any vestige of Indians save two who
had shot two soldiers the day previous.
Clearing that Black Hawk was encamped on Rock river, at the Mani-
ton village, they resolved at once to advance upon the enemy; but in
the execution of their design they met with opposition on the part of
their officers and men. The officers of General Henry handed to him
a written protest; but he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 39
officers to be arrested and escorted to General Atkinson. Within a
lew minutes after the stern order was given, the officers all collected
around the General's quarters, many of them with tears in their eyes,
pledging themselves that if forgiven they would return to duty and
never do the like again. The General rescinded the order, and they at
once resumed duty.
General Henry marched on the loth of July in pursuit of the
Indians, reaching Rock river after three days' journey, where he
learned Black Hawk was encamped further up the river. On July 19th
the troops were ordered to commence their march. After having
made oO miles, they were overtaken by a terrible thunder-storm,
which lasted all night. Nothing cooled, however, in their courage
and zeal, they marched again 50 miles the next day, encamping near
the place where the Indians had encamped the night before. Hurry-
ing along as fast as they could, the infantry keeping up an equal pace
with the mounted force, the troops on the morning of the 21st crossed
the river connecting two of the four lakes, by which the Indians had
been endeavoring to escape. Finding, on their way, the ground
strewn with kettles and articles of baggage, which the hurry of their
retreat had obliged the Indians to throw away, the troops, inspired
with new ardor, advanced so rapidly that at n,oon they fell in with the
rear guard of the Indians. The troops, who closely pursued them,
were saluted with a sudden fire of musketry by a body of Indians
who had concealed themselves in the high grass of the prairie. A
most desperate charge was made upon the Indians, who, unable to
resist, retreated obliquely, in order to out-flank the volunteers on the
right; but the latter charged the Indians in their ambush, and expell-
ing them from their thickets at the point of the oayonet, dispersed
them. Night set in and the battle ended, having cost the Indians
68 of their bravest men, while the loss of the Illinoisans amounted
to but one killed and 8 wounded.
Soon after this battle Generals Atkinson and Henry joined their
forces and pursued the Indians. General Henry, having struck the
main trail, left his horses behind, and formed an advance guard of
eight men, he marched forward upon their trail. When these eigh
men had come within sight of the river, they were suddenly fired
upon and five of them killed, the remaining three maintaining their
ground till General Henry came up, when the Indians, charged upon
with the bayonet, fell back upon their main force. The battle now
became general; the Indians fought with desperate valor, but were
furiously assailed by the volunteers with their bayonets, cutting many
of the Indians to pieces and driving the rest into the river. Those
40 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
who escaped from being drowned took refuge on an island. On
hearing the frequent discharge of musketry, indicating a general
engagement, General Atkinson abandored the pursuit of the 20
Indians under Black Hawk himself, and hurried to the scene of action,
where he arrived too late to take part in the battle. He immediately
lorded the river w 7 ith his troops, the water reaching up to their necks,
and landed on the island where the Indians had secreted themselves.
The soldiers rushed upon the Indians, killing several of them, taking
others prisoners, and chasing the rest into the river, where they were
either -drowned or shot before reaching the opposite shore. Thus
ended the battle, the Indians losing 300, besides 50 prisoners; the
whites but 17 killed and 12 wounded.
Black Hawk, with his twenty men, retreated up the Wisconsin river
The Winnebagoes, desirous of securing the friendship of the whites,
went in pursuit and captured and delivered them to General Street,
the United States Indian Agent. Among the prisoners were the son
of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These, with Black Hawk,
were taken to Washington, D. C. By order of the President, they
were set free on the 4th day of June, 1833. Black Hawk died on the
3d of October, 1840, at the age of 80 years, and was buried on
the bank of the Mississippi, where he had spent his life which had
been so dear to him.
MARTYR FOR LIBERTY.
At the general election of 1834 Joseph Duncan was elected gov-
ernor. His principal appointment was ex-Lieutenant Governor Kin-
ney. Duncan was elected by a handsome majority. The year 1837,
under Duncan's administration, is memorable for the death of the first
martyr for liberty in the State. Elijah P. Lovejoy was shot by a mob
in Alton, on the night of the 7th of November of that year. He was
at the time editor of the Alton Observer, and advocated anti-slavery
principles in its columns. For this practice three of his presses had
been destroyed, and it was in connection with the arrival of a fourth
that the tragedy occurred which cost him his life. In anticipation
of its arrival, a series of meetings were held in which the friends botli
of freedom and of slavery were represented. The object was to
effect a compromise, but it was one in which liberty was to
make concessions to oppression. In a speech made at one ot
these meetings Lovejoy said: "I plant myself down on my un-
questionable rights, and the question to be decided is, whether I shall
be protected in those rights. You may hang me, as the mob hung
the individuals at Vicksburg; you may burn me at the stake, as they
BLACK HAWK. THE SAC CHIEF.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 43
did old Mclntosh at St. Louis; or, you may tar and feather me, or
throw me into the Mississippi as you have threatened to do; but you
cannot disgrace me. I, and I alone can disgrace myself, and the
deepest of all disgrace would be at a time like this to deny my Maker
by forsaking his cause. He died for me, and I were most unworthy
to bear his name should I refuse, if need be, to die for him." Im-
mediately after, Mr. Lovejoy was shot; his brother Owen, being pres-
ent on the occasion, kneeled down on the spot beside the corpse, and
sent up to God, in the hearing of that very mob. one of the most
eloquent prayers ever listened to by mortal ear. He was bold enough
to pray God to take signal vengeance on the infernal institution of
slavery, arid he then and there dedicated himself to the work of over-
throwing it, and hoped to see the day when slavery existed no more
in this nation. He died, March 24, 1864, nearly three months after
the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln took effect.
Thus he lived to see his most earnest and devout prayer answered.
But few men in the nation rendered better service in overthrowing
the institution of slavery than Elijah P. and Owen Lovejoy.
Thomas Carlin, democrat, was elected governor in 1838, over
Cyrus Edwards, whig. In 1842 Adam W. Snyder was nominated
for governor on the democratic ticket, but died before election.
Thomas Ford was placed in nomination, and was elected, ex-Gov-
ernor Duncan being his opponent. During Ford's administration
occurred the
MORMON WAR.
In April, 1840, the " Latter-Day Saints," or Mormons, came in
large numbers to Illinois and purchased a tract of land on the Missis-
sippi river. Here they commenced building the city of Nauvoo. A
more picturesque or eligible site for a city could not have been
selected.
The origin, rapid development and prosperity of this religious sect
are the most remarkable and instructive historical events of the pres-
ent century. That an obscure individual, without money, education,
or respectability, should persuade hundreds of thousands of people to
believe him inspired of God, and cause a book, contemptible as a lit-
erary production, to be received as a continuation of the sacred reve-
lation, appears almost incredible; yet in less than half a century, the
disciples of this obscure individual have increased to hundreds of thou-
sands ; have founded a State in the distant wilderness, and compelled the
government of the United States practically to recognize them as an
independent people.
44 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
The founder of Morraonism was Joseph Smith, a native of Yerrnont,
who emigrated while quite young with his father's family to western
New York. Here his youth was spent in idle, vagabond life, roaming
the woods, dreaming of buried treasures, and exerting himself to learn
the art of finding them by the twisting of a forked stick in his hands,
or by looking through enchanted stones. Both he -and his father be-
came famous as " water wizards," always ready to point out the spot
where wells might be dug and water found. Such was the character
of the young profligate when he made the acquaintance of Sidney
Rigdon, a person of considerable talent and information, who had
conceived the design of founding a new religion. A religious
romance written by a Presbyterian preacher of Ohio, then dead, sug-
gested the idea, and finding in Smith the requisite duplicity and cun-
ning to reduce it to practice, it was agreed that he should act as
prophet; and the two devised a story that gold plates had been found
buried in the earth containing a record inscribed on them in unknown
characters, which, when deciphered by the power of inspiration, gave
the history of the ten lost tribes of Israel.
After their settlement in Hancock county, great depredations were
committed by them on the " Gentiles." The Mormons had been re-
ceived from Missouri with great kindness by the people of this State,
and every possible aid was granted them. The depredations com-
mitted, however, soon made them odious, when the question of get-
ting rid of them was agitated. In the fall of 1841 the governor of
Missouri made a demand on Governor Carlin for the arrest and deliv-
ery of Joe Smith as a fugitive from justice. An executive warrant,
issued for that purpose was placed in the hands of an agent to be
executed, but was returned without being complied with. Soon after-
ward the governor handed the same writ to his agent, who this time
succeeded in arresting Joe Smith. He was however discharged by
Judge Douglas, upon the grounds that the writ upon which he had
been arrested had been once returned before it had been executed,
and was functus officio. In 1842 Governor Carlin again issued his
writ, Joe Smith was arrested again, and again escaped. Thus it will
be seen it was impossible to reach and punish the leader of this people,
who had b ce driven from Missouri because of their stealing, mur-
dering and unjust dealing, and came to Illinois but to continue their
depredations. Emboldened by success, the Mormons became more
arrogant and overbearing. Many people began to believe that they
were. about to setup a separate government for themselves in defiance
of the laws of the State. Owners of property stolen in other counties
made pursuit into Nauvoo, and were fined by the Mormon courts for
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 45
daring to seek their property in the holy city. But that which made
it more certain than anything else that the Mormons contemplated a
separate government was, that about this time they petitioned Con-
gress to establish a territorial government for them in jSTauvoo.
To crown the whole folly of the Mormons, in the spring of 1844
Joe Smith announced himself as a candidate for President of the
United States, and many of his followers were confident he would be
elected.
Smith soon began to play the tyrant over his people. The first act
of this sort was an attempt to take the wife of William Law, one of
his most talented disciples, and make her his spiritual wife. He
established, without authority, a recorder's office, and an office to issue
marriage licenses. He proclaimed that none could deal in real estate
or sell liquor but himself. He ordered a printing office demolished,
and in many ways controlled the freedom and business of the Mor-
mons.
Joe Smith, and Hiram, his brother, were arrested on the charge of
treason, and taken to Carthage, Hancock county, and confined in the
jail there. The citizens assembled from Hancock, Schuyler and
McDonongh counties, armed and ready to avenge the outrages that
had been committed by the Mormons. Great excitement prevailed
at Carthage. The force assembled at that place amounted to 1,200
men, and about 500 assembled at Warsaw. Nearly all were anxious
to march into Nauvoo. This measure was supposed to be necessary
to search for counterfeit money and the apparatus to make it, and also
to strike a salutary terror into the Mormon people by an exhibition of
the force of the State, and thereby prevent future outrages, murders,
robberies, burnings, and the like. The 27th of June was appointed
for the march; but Governor Ford, who at the time was in Carthage,
apprehended trouble if the militia should attempt to invade Nauvoo,
and disbanded the troops, retaining only a guard to the jail.
Governor Ford went to Nauvoo on the 27th. The same morning
about 200 men from Warsaw, many being disguised, hastened to
Carthage. On learning that one of the companies left as a guard had
disbanded, and the other stationed 150 yards from the jail, while eight
men were left to guard the prisoners, a communication was soon estab-
lished between the Warsaw troops and the guard ; and it was arranged
that the guard should have their guns charged with blank cartridges
and fire at the assailants when they attempted to enter the jail.
The conspirators came up, jumped the fence around the jail, were
fired upon by the guard, which, according to arrangement, was over-
powered, and the assailants entered the prison, to the door of the room
46 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
where the two prisoners were confined. An attempt was made to
break open the door; but Joe Smith, being armed with a pistol, fired
several times as the door was bursted open, and three of the assailants
were wounded. At the same time several shots were fired into the
room, by some 'of which John Taylor, a friend of the Smiths, received
four wounds, and Hiram Smith was instantly killed. Joe Smith, at-
tempting to escape by jumping out of a second-story window, was so
stunned by the fall that he was unable to rise. In this position he
was despatched by balls shot through his body. Thus fell Joe Smith,
the most successful impostor of modern times. Totally ignorant of
almost every fact in science, as well as in law, he made up in construc-
tivenessand natural cunning whatever in him was wanting of instruc-
tion.
After the holy prophet had thus met his untimely fate, the govern-
ment of the church was confided to the twelve apostles, with Brigham
Young at their head. In the spring of 1846 the leaders, satisfied that
it would not do for the Mormons to remain any longer in the State,
began to prepare for removal. Bj r the middle of May about 16,000
Mormons crossed the Mississippi on their march to Utah, having made
12,000 wagons the previous winter for this purpose. Shortly after,
almost the entire Mormon population was driven from the State.
MEXICAN WAR.
During the month of May, 1846, the President called four regi-
ments of volunteers from Illinois for the Mexican war. This was no
sooner known in the State than nine regiments, numbering 8,370 men,
answered the call, though only four of them, amounting to 3,720 men,
could be taken. These regiments, as well as their officers, were every-
where foremost in the American ranks, and distinguished themselves
by their matchless valor in the bloodiest battles fought throughout
the campaign. General Hardin, at the battle of Buena Vista, attacked
and routed a body of Mexican infantry and lancers five times the num-
ber of his own, deciding by his gallant charge the victory for the
Americans, which was won at the expense of his own life and that of
many of his bravest men. At the same battle Lieutenant Colonel
Weatherford, with his men, during the whole day stood the fire of the
Mexican artillery without being allowed to advance near enough to
return it. Warren, Trail, Bissell and Morrison distinguished them-
selves by their intrepid valor at the same battle; Shields, Baker, Har-
ris and Coffey are illustrious names indissolubly connected with the
glorious capture of Vera Cruz, and the not less famous storming of
Cerro Gordo. In this latter action, when, after the valiant General
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 47
Shields had been placed hors de combat, the command of his force.
consisting of three regiments, devolved upon Colonel Baker. This
officer, with his men, stormed with unheard of prowess the last strong-
hold of the Mexicans, sweeping everything before them. Such, in-
deed, was the intrepid valor and daring courage exhibited by Illinois
volunteers during the Mexican war that their deeds should live in
the memory of their countrymen until those latest times when the
very name of America should have been forgotten.
In 1846 the democratic candidate for governor, Augustus C.
French, won an easy victory over the whig nominee, Thomas M.
Kilpatrick. The office having expired by the adoption of the new
constitution of 1848, French was re-elected, and went out of office in
January, 1853.
In 1852, at the November election, Joel A. Matteson, democrat,
was chosen governor over the whig candidate, E. B. Webb.
From 1852 to 1856 the republican party was organized. In the
latter year they elected W. II. Bisself over W. A. Richardson, demo-
crat.
During the year 1858 occurred the memorable contest between Lin-
coln and Douglas for the senate, and which secured for them the nom-
inations for President two years later.
In 1860 the " War Governor," Richard Yates, was elected by the
republican party. His opponents were J. C. Allen, democrat;
Thomas M. Hope. Breckinridge, democrat; and John T. Stuart, of
the Bell-Everett party. He occupied the chair of State during the
most critical period of our country's history, and discharged his duty
with patriotic fidelity to the cause of the nation.
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated President of the United States
in 1861. At the time of his accession to power several members of
the Union claimed they had withdrawn from it, and styling them-
selves the "Confederate States of America," they organized a separate
government. This action, and the firing upon Fort Sumter , rendered
it necessary to call for troops to suppress this outbreak and open re-
bellion. Accordingly^ call was issued by the President. Simultane-
ously with the call enlistments commenced in this State, and within
ten days 10,000 volunteers offered service, and the sum of $1,000,000
was tendered by patriotic citizens. Of the volunteers who offered
their services, only six regiments could be accepted under the quota
of the State. These were designated by numbers, commencing with
seven, as a mark of respect for the six regiments which had served in
48 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
the Mexican war. Illinois put into her own regiments for the United
States government 256,000 men, and into the army through other
States enough to swell the number to 290,000. This far exceeds all
the soldiers of the federal government in all the war of the Revolu-
tion. Her total years of service were over 600,000. She enrolled
men from 18 to 45 years of age, when the law of Congress in 1864 the
test time only asked for those from 20 to 45. Her enrollments were
otherwise excessive. Her people wanted to go, and did not take the
pains to correct the enrollment; thus the basis of fixing the quota was
too great, and the quota itself, at least in the trying time, was far
above any other State. The demand on some counties, as Monroe,
for example, took every able-bodied man in the county, and then did
not have enough to fill the quota. Moreover, Illinois sent 20,844 men
for 100 days, for whom no credit was asked. She gave to the
country 73,000 years of service above all calls. With one-thirteenth
o the population of the loyal States, she sent regularly one-tenth of
all the soldiers, and in the perils of the closing calls, when patriots
were few and weary, she sent one-eighth of all that were called for by
her loved and honored son in the white house. Of the brave boys
Illinois sent to the front, there were killed in action, 5,888; died of
wounds, 3,032; of disease, 19,496; in prison, 967; lost at sea, 205;
aggregate, 29,588. As upon every field and upon every other page
of the history of this war, Illinois bore her part of the suffering in
the prison pens of the South. More than 800 names make up the
awful column of Illinois's brave sons who died in the rebel prison
of Andersonville, Ga. Who can measure or imagine the atrocities
which would be laid before the world were the panorama of sufferings
and terrible trials of these gallant men but half unfolded to view?
But this can never be done until new words of horror are invented
and new arts discovered by which demoniacal fieudishness can be
portrayed, and the intensest anguish of the hu-man soul in ten thou-
sand forms be painted.
On the 15th of November, 1864, after the destruction of Atlanta,
and the railroads behind him, Sherman, with his army, began his march
to the sea-coast. The almost breathless anxiety with which his prog-
ress was watched by the loyal hearts of the nation, and the trembling
apprehension with which it was regarded by all who hoped for rebel
success, indicated this as one of the most remarkable events of the
war; and so it proved. Of Sherman's army, 45 regiments of infant-
ry, 3 companies of artillery, and 1 of cavalry were from this State.
Lincoln answered all rumors of Sherman's defeat with, " It is impos-
sible: there is a mighty sight of fight in 100,000 western men."
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 49
Illinois soldiers brought home 300 battle flags. The first United
States flag that floated over Richmond was an Illinois flag. She
sent messengers and nurses to every field and hospital to care tor
her sick and wounded sons.
Illinois gave the country the great general of the war, U. S. Grant.
One other name from Illinois comes up in all minds, embalmed in
all hearts, that must have the supreme place in this sketch of our
glory and of our nation's honor: that name is Abraham Lincoln.
The analysis of Mr. Lincoln's character is difficult on account of its
symmetry. In this age we look with admiration at his uncompro-
mising honesty; and well we may, for this saved us. Thousands
throughout the length and breadth of our country, who knew him only
as "Honest Old Abe," voted for him on that account; and wisely did
they choose, for no other man could have carried us through the
fearful night of war. When his plans were too vast for our compre-
hension, and his faith in the cause too sublime for our participation;
when it was all night about us, and all dread before us, and all sad and
desolate behind us; when not one ray shone upon our cause; when
traitors were haughty and exultant at the South, and fierce and blas-
phemous at the North ; when the loyal men seemed almost in the
minority; when the stoutest heart quailed, the bravest cheek paled;
when generals were defeating each other for place, and contractors
were leeching out the very heart's blood of the republic; when every-
thing else had failed us, we looked at this calm, patient man standing
like a rock in the storm, and said, " Mr. Lincoln is honest, and we
can trust him still." Holding to this single point with the energy of
faith and despair, we held together, and under God he brought us
through to victory. His practical wisdom made him the wonder of
all lands. With such certainty did Mr. Lincoln follow causes to their
ultimate effects, that his foresight of contingencies seemed almost
prophetic. He is radiant with all the great virtues, and his memory
will shed a glory upon this age that will fill the eyes of men as they
look into history. Other men have excelled him in some points; but,
taken at all points, all in all, he stands head and shoulders above
every other man of 6,000 years. An administrator, he saved the
nation in the perils of unparalleled civil war; a statesman, he justi-
fied his measures by their success; a philanthropist, he gave liberty
to one race and salvation to another; a moralist, he bowed from the
summit of human power to the foot of the cross; a mediator, he
exercised mercy under the most absolute obedience to law; a leader,
he was no partisan; a commander, he was untainted with blood; a
ruler in desperate times, he was unsullied with crime; a man, he has
4
50 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
left no word of passion, no thought ot malice, no trick of craft, no
act of jealousy, no purpose of selfish ambition. Thus perfected,
without a model and without a peer, he was dropped into these
troubled years to adorn and embellish all that is good and all that is
great in our humanity, and to present to all coming time the repre-
sentative of the divine idea of free government. It is not too much
to say that awav down in the future, when the republic has fallen
/ /
from its niche in the wall of time; when the great war itself shall
have faded out in the distance like a mist on the horizon; when the
Anglo-Saxon shall be spoken only by the tongue of the stranger,
then the generations looking this way shall see the great President as
the supreme figure in this vortex of history.
The rebellion was ended with the surrender of Lee and his army,
and Johnston and his command, in April, 1865. Our armies at the
time were up to their maximum strength, never so formidable, never
so invincible; and, until recruiting ceased by order of Secretary
Stanton, were daily strengthening. The necessity, however, for so
vast and formidable numbers ceased with the disbanding of the rebel
forces, which had for more than four years disputed the supremacy of
the government over its domain. And now the joyful and welcome
news was to be borne to the victorious legions that their work was
ended in triumph, and they were to be permitted " to see homes and
friends once more."
Richard J. Oglesby was elected governor in 1864 by the republican
party, in opposition to James C. Robinson, democrat. In 1868 John
M. Palmer won an easy victory over John R. Eden, democrat.
Richard J. Oglesby was again elected in 1872, and in 1876 Shelby M.
Cullom, republican, was elected, and is the present incumbent.
SENATORS.
The following are the names of all the persons that have repre-
sented this State, since its organization, in the United States Senate:
Tears.
Jisse B. Thomas 181 g to 1829
Ninian Echvard? jgjg u jgij 4
John McLean.. . . 1824 jgg^
K. K. Kane 1835 1835
John McLean 18 -^() > i 83 o
D.J. Baker 1830 1 mo
J. M. Robinson. . 1880 to J84l
W. L. D. Ewing 1835 1837
R. M. Young ]837 ]843
S. McRoberts 1841
James Semple j 843
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 51
Sidney Breese 1843 to 1849
Stephen A. Douglas 1847 " 1861
James Shields 1849 " 1855
Lyman Trumbull 1855 " 1873
O. H. Browning 1861 " 1863
William A. Richardson 1863 " 18J5
Richard Yates 1865 " 1871
John A. Logan 1871 " 1877
Richard J. Oglesby 1873 " 1879
David Davis 1877 " 1883
GOVERNORS.
The following are the names of all the Governors of the State:
Tears.
Shadrach Bond 1818 to 1822
Edward Coles 1822 " 1826
Ninian Edwards (formerly Governor of the Territory) 1826 " 1830
John Reynolds 1830 " 1834
Joseph Duncan 1834 " 1838
Thomas Carlin 1838 " 1842
Thomas Ford 1842 " 1846
Augustus C. French 1846 " 1853
The office having expired by the adoption of the new constitution
of 1848, he was re-elected, and went out of office in January, 1853.
Joel A. Matteson January, 1856 to 1857
William H. Bissell, died while in office 1857 " 1860
Lieut.-Gov. John Wood I860 " 1861
Richard Yates 1861 - 1865
Richard J. Oglesby. 1865 " 1869
John M. Palmer 1869 " 1873
Richard J." Oglesby (elected United States Senator) 1873
John L. Beveridge, vice Oglesby 1873 " 1877
Shelby M. Cullom, present incumbent 1877 " 1881
DRESS AND MANNERS.
The dress, habits, etc., of a people throw so much light upon their
conditions and limitations that in order better to show the circum-
stances surrounding the people of the State, we, will give a short
exposition of the manner of life of our Illinois people at different
epochs. The Indians themselves are credited by Charlevoix with
being " very laborious," raising poultry, spinning the wool of the
buffalo and manufacturing garments therefrom. These must have
been, however, more than usually favorable representatives of their
race.
" The working and voyaging dress of the French masses," says
Reynolds, "was simple and primitive; The French were like the
UBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
52 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
lilies of the valley [the Old Kanger was not always exact in his
quotations], they neither spun nor wove any of their clothing, but
purchased it from the merchants. The white blanket coat, known as
the capot, was the universal and eternal coat for the winter with the
masses. A cape was made of it that could be raised over the head
in cold weather."
" In the house, and in good weather, it hung behind, a cape to the
blanket coat. The reason that I know these coats so well is, that I
have worn many in my youth, and a working man never wore a better
garment. Dressed deer-skins and blue cloth were worn commonly in
the winter for pantaloons. The blue handkerchief and the deer-skin
moccasins covered the head and feet generally of the French Creoles.
In 1800, scarcely a man thought himself clothed unless he had a belt
tied around his blanket coat, and on one side was hung the dressed
skin of a pole-cat, filled with tobacco, pipe, flint and steel. On the
other side was fastened, under the belt, the butcher-knife. A Creole
in this dress felt like Tarn O'Shanter filled with usquebaugh: he could
face the devil. Checked calico shirts were then common, but in
winter flannel was frequently worn. In the summer the laboring
men and the voyagers often took their shirts off in hard work and hot
weather, and turned out the naked back to the air and sun.
"Among the Americans," he adds, "home-made wool hats were
the common wear. Fur hats were not common, and scarcely a boot
was seen. The covering of the feet in winter was chiefly moccasins
made of deer-skins, and shoe packs of tanned leather. Some wore
shoes, but not common in very early times. In the summer the greater
portion of the young people, male and female, and many of the old,
went barefoot. The substantial and universal outside wear was the
blue linsey hunting-shirt. This is an excellent garment, and I have
never felt so happy and healthy since I laid it' off. It is made of
wide sleeves, open before, with ample size so as to envelop the body
almost twice around. Sometimes it had a large cape, which answers
well to save the shoulders from the rain. A belt is mostly used to
keep the garment close around the person, and, nevertheless, there is
nothing tight about it to hamper the body. It is often fringed, and
at times the fringe is composed of red, and other gay colors. The
belt, frequently, is sewed to the hunting-shirt. The vest was mostly
made of striped linsey. The colors were made often with alum,
copperas and madder, boiled with the bark of trees, in such a man-
ner and proportions as the old ladies prescribed. The pantaloons of
the masses were generally made of deer-skin and linsey. Coarse blue
cloth was sometimes made into pantaloons.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 53
" Linsey, neat and fine, manufactured at home, composed generally
the outside garments of the females as well as the males. The ladies
had linsey colored and woven to suit their fancy. A bonnet, com-
posed of calico, or some gay goods, was worn on the head when they
were in the open air. Jewelry on the pioneer ladies was uncommon;
a gold ring was an ornament riot often seen."
In 1820 a change of dress began to take place, and before 1830,
according to Ford, most of the pioneer costume had disappeared.
"The blue linsey hunting-shirt, with red or white fringe, had given
place to the cloth coat. [Jeans would be more like the fact.] The
raccoon cap, with the tail of the animal dangling down behind, had
been thrown aside for hats of wool or fur. Boots and shoes had sup-
plied the deer-skin moccasins; and the leather breeches, strapped tight
around the ankle, had disappeared before unmentionables of a more
modern material. The female sex had made still greater progress in
dress. The old sort of cotton or woolen frocks, spun, woven and made
with their own fair hands, and striped and cross-barred with blue dye
and turkey red, had given place to gowns of silk and calico. The
feet, before in a state of nudity, now charmed in shoes of calf-skin or
slippers of kid; and the head, formerly unbonneted, but covered with
a cotton handkerchief, now displayed the charms of the female face
under many forms of bonnets of straw, silk and leghorn. The young
ladies, instead of walking a mile or two to church on Sunday, carry-
ing their shoes and stockings in their hands until within a hundred
yards of the place of worship, as formerly, now came forth arrayed
complete in all the pride of dress, mounted on fine horses and at-
tended by their male admirers."
The last half century has doubtless witnessed changes quite as great
as those set forth by our Illinois historian. The chronicler of to-day,
looking back to the golden days of 1830 to 1840, and comparing them
with the present, must be struck with the tendency of an almost
monotonous uniformity in dress and manners that comes from the
easy inter-communication afforded by steamer, railway, telegraph and
newspaper. Home manufacturers have been driven from the house-
hold by the lower-priced fabrics of distant mills. The Kentucky
jeans, and the copperas-colored clothing of home manufacture, so
familiar a few years ago, have given place to the cassimeres and cloths
of noted factories. The ready-made-clothing stores, like a touch of
nature, make the whole world kin, and may drape the charcoal man
in a dress-coat and a stove-pipe hat. The prints and silks of Eng-
land and France give a variety of choice, and an assortment of colors
and shades such as the pioneer women could hardly have dreamed of.
54 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
Godey, and Demorest, and Harper's Bazar are found in our modern
farm-houses, and the latest fashions of Paris are sometimes brought
into queer contrast with the garments of the older mode in some of
our more remote communities. '
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ILLINOIS.
In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about
150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine
to North Carolina. The climate varies from Portland to Richmond.
It favors every product of the continent, including the tropics, with
less than half a dozen exceptions. It produces every great food
of the world except bananas and rice. It is hardly too much to say
that it is the most productive spot known to civilization. With the soil
full of bread and the earth full of minerals; with an upper surface of
food and an under layer of fuel; with perfect natural drainage, and
abundant springs, and streams, and navigable rivers; half way between
the forests of the North and the fruits of the South; within a day's
ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, copper, lead and zinc; and con-
taining and controlling the great grain, cattle, pork and lumber mar-
kets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has the advantage
of position.
There are no- mountains in Illinois; in the southern as well as in
the northern part of the State there are a few hills; near the banks
of the Illinois, Mississippi, and several other rivers, the ground is
elevated, forming the so-called bluffs, on which at the present day
may be found, uneifaced by the hand of Time, the marks and traces
left by the water which was formerly much higher; whence it may
be safe to conclude that, where now the fertile prairies of Illinois ex-
tend, and the rich soil of the country yields its golden harvests, must
have been a vast sheet of water, the mud deposited by which formed
the soil, thus accounting for the present great fertility of the country.
Illinois is a garden 400 miles long and 150 miles wide. Its soil is
chiefly a black, sandy loam, from 6 inches to GO feet thick. About the
old French towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without
rest or help. She leads all other States in the number of acres actu-
ally under plow. Her mineral wealth is scarcely second to her agri-
cultural power. She has coal, iron, lead, zinc, copper, many varieties
of building stone, marble, tii'e clay, curna clay, common brick clay,
sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint, in fact, everything needed
for a high civilization.
OLD KINZIE HOUSE.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 57
AGRICULTURE.
If any State of the Union is adapted for agriculture, and the other
branches of rural economy relating thereto, such as the raising of
cattle and the culture of fruit trees, it is pre-eminently Illinois, whose
extremely fertile prairies recompense the farmer at less trouble and
expense than he would be obliged to incur elsewhere, in order to
obtain the same results. Her rich soil, adapted by nature for imme-
diate culture, only awaits the plow and the seed in order to mature,
within a few months, a most bountiful harvest. A review of statistics
will be quite interesting to the reader, as well as valuable, as showing
the enormous quantities of the various cereals produced in our prairie
State:
In 1876 there was raised in the State 130,000,000 of bushels ol
corn, twice, as much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn
raised in the United States. It would take 375,000 cars to transport
this vast amount of corn to market, which would make 15,000 trains
of 25 cars each. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one-
tenth of all the hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated,
but it is true, that the hay crop of the country is worth more than the
cotton crop. The hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana. Go
to Charleston, S. C., and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass,
almost as a curiosity, as we regard Chinese gods or the cryolite of
Greenland; drink your coffee and condensed milk; and walk back
from the coast for jnauy a league through the sand and burs till you
get up into the better atmosphere of the mountains, without seeing a
waving meadow or a grazing herd; then you will begin to appreciate
the meadows of the Prairie State.
The value of her farm implements was, in 1876, $211,000,000, and
the value of live stock was only second to New York. The same year
she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all
that were packed in the United States. She marketed $57,000,000
worth of slaughtered animals, more than any other State, and a
seventh of all the States.
Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of
postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount
of lumber sold.
Illinois was only second in many important matters, taking the
reports of 1876. This sample list comprises a few of the more
important': Permanent school fund; total income for educational
purposes; number of publishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value
of farm products and implements, and of live stock; in tons of coal
mined.
58 HIST.OKY OF ILLINOIS.
The shipping of Illinois was only second to New York. Out of
one port during the business hours of the season of navigation she
sent forth a vessel every nine minutes. This did not include canal-
boats, which went one every five minutes.
No wonder she was only second in number of bankers or in physi-
cians and surgeons.
She was third in colleges, teacher sand schools; also in cattle, lead,
hay, flax, sorghum and beeswax.
She was fourth in population, in children enrolled in public school?,
in law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages.
She was fifth in value of real and personal property, in theological
seminaries, and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in
boots and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding.
She was only seventh in the production of wood, while she was the
twelfth in area. Surely that was well done for the Prairie State.
She then had, in 1876, much more wood and growing timber than she
had thirty years before.
A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She manufactured
$205,000,000 worth of goods, which placed her well up toward New
York and Pennsylvania. The number of her manufacturing estab-
lishments increased from 1860 to 1870, 300 per cent.; capital employed
increased 350 per cent.; and the amount of product increased 400 per
cent. She issued 5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial news-
papers, being only second to New York. She had 6,759 miles of
railroad, then leading all other States, worth $636,458,000, using 3,245
engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train long enough to cover one
tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her stations were only five
miles apart. She carried, in 1876, 15,795,000 passengers, an average
of 36 miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice across the
State. More than two-thirds of her land was within five miles of a
railroad, and less than two per cent, was more than fifteen miles away.
The State has a large financial interest in the Illinois Central rail-
road. The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each
alternate section for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of
the remaining land, so keeping herself good. The road received
2,595,000 acres of land, and paid to the State one-seventh of the gross
receipts. The State received in 1877, $350,000, and had received up
to that year in all about $7,000,000. It was practically the people's
road, and it had a most able and gentlemanly management Add to
the above amount the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000,, and a
large per cent, of the State tax was provided \\>r.
OLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 61
CHICAGO.
While it is impossible in this brief space to give more than a
meager sketch of such a city as Chicago, yet we feel the history of the
State would be incomplete without speaking of its metropolis, the
most wonderful city on the globe.
In comparing Chicago, as it was a few years since, with Chicago of
to-day, we behold a change whose veritable existence we would be
inclined to doubt, were it not a stern, indisputable fact. Rapid as is
the customary development of places and things, in the United States,
the growth of Chicago and her trade stands without a parallel. The
city is situated on the west shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of
the Chicago river. It lies 14 feet above the lake, having been raised
to that grade entirely b} 7 the energy of its citizens, its site having
originally been on a dead level with the water of the lake.
The city extends north and south along the lake about, ten miles,
and westward on the prairie from the lake five or six miles, embracing
an area of over 40 square miles. It is divided by the river into three
distinct parts, known as the North, West and South Divisions, or
" Sides," as the popular phrase is. These are connected by 33 bridges
and two tunnels. The first settlement of Chicago was made in 1804,
during which Fort Dearborn was built. At the close of 1830 Chicago
o o
contained 12 houses, with a population of about 100. The town was
organized in 1833, and incorporated as a city in 1837. The first frame
building was erected in 1832, and the first brick house in 1833. The
first vessel entered the harbor June 11, 1834; and at the first official
census, taken July 1, 1837, the entire population was found to be
4,170. In 1850 the population had increased to 29,963; in 1860, to
112,172; and in 1870, to 298,977. According to the customary mode
of reckoning from the number of names in the City Directory, the
population of 1878 is over 500,000.
It has been often remarked that the first white man who became a
resident of Chicago was a negro. His name was Jean Baptiste Point
au Sable. lie settled there in 1796 and built a rude cabin on the
north bank of the main river, and laid claim to a tract of land sur-
rounding it. He disappeared from the scene, and his claim was
"jumped" by a Frenchman named LeMai, who commenced trading
with the Indians. A few years later he sold out to John Kinzie, who
was then an Indian trader in the country about St. Joseph, Mich., and
agent for the American Fur Company, which had traded at Chicago
with the Indians for some time; and this fact had, probably more than
any other, to do with the determination of the government to estab-
62 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
lish a fort there. The Indians were growing numerous in that region,
being attracted by the facilities for selling their wares, as well as be-
ing pressed northward by the tide of immigration setting in from the
South. It was judged necessary to have some force near that point
to keep them in check, as well as to protect the trading interests. Mr.
Kinzie removed his family there the same year Fort Dearborn was
built, and converted the Jean Baptiste cabin into a tasteful dwelling.
For about eight years things rolled along smoothly. The garrison
was quiet, and the traders prosperous. Then the United States be-
came involved in trouble with Great Britain. The Indians took the
war-path long before the declaration of hostilities between the two
civilized nations, committing great depredations, the most atrocious
of which was the
MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN.
During the war of 1812, between the United States and England,
the greatest, as well as the most revolting, massacre of whites that
ever occurred in Illinois, w T as perpetrated by the Pottawatomie Indi-
dians at Fort Dearborn. This fort was built by the Government, on
the south side of the Chicago river, in 1804, and was garrisoned by
54 men under command of Captain Nathan Herald, assisted by Lieu-
tenant Helm and Ensign Ronan; Dr. Voorhees, surgeon. The only
residents at the post at that time were the wives of officers Herald
and Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and
a few Canadians. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, the princi-
pal tribes around them.
On the 7th of August, 1812, arrived the order from General Hull,
at Detroit, to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and distribute all United States
property to the Indians. The Indian chief who brought the dispatch
advised Captain Herald not to evacuate, and if he should decide to do
so, that it be done immediately, and by forced marches elude the con-
centration of the savages before the news, of which they were yet
ignorant, could be circulated among them. To this most excellent
advice the Captain gave no heed, but on the 12th held a council with
the Indians, apprising them of the orders received, and offering a
liberal reward for an escort of Pottawatomies to Fort Wayne. The
Indians, with many professions of friendship, assented to all he pro-
posed, and promised all he required. The remaining officers refused
to join in the council, for they had been informed that treachery had
been designed, that the Indians intended to murder those in the
council, and then destroy those in the fort. The portholes were
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 63
open, displaying cannons pointing directly upon the council. This
action, it is supposed, prevented a massacre at that time.
Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Herald
not to confide in their promises, or distribute the arms and muni-
tions among them, for it would only put power in their hands to
destroy the whites. This argument, true and excellent in itself, was
now certainly inopportune, and would only incense the treacherous
foe. But the Captain resolved to follow it, and accordingly, on the
night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other property, the
arms were broken, and the barrels of whisky, of which there was a
large quantity, were rolled quietly through the sally-port, their heads
knocked in and their contents emptied into the river. On that dark
night the lurking red-skins had crept near the fort, and discovered
the destruction of the promised booty going on within. The next
morning the powder was seen floating on the surface of the river, and
the Indians asserted that such an abundance of " fire-water " had
been destroyed as to make the river taste "groggy." Many of them
drank freely of this.
On the 14th the desponding garrison was somewhat cheered by the
arrival of Captain Wells, w T ith 15 friendly Miarnis. He had heard at
Fort Wayne of the order to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and knowing the
hostile intentions of the Indians, had made a rapid march through
the wilderness to protect, if possible, his niece, Mrs. Herald, and the
officers and the garrison from certain destruction. But he came too
late. Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night
before, and arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the fol-
lowing morning.
The fatal morning of the 15th at length dawned brightly on the
world. The sun shone in unclouded splendor upon the glassy waters
of Lake Michigan. At 9 A. M. the party moved out of the southern
gate of the fort, in military array. The band, feeling the solemnity
of the occasion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. Captain Wells,
with his face blackened after the manner of the Indians, led the
advance guard at the head of his friendly Miamis; the garrison with
loaded arms, and the baggage wagons with the sick, the women and
children, followed, while the Pottawatomie Indians, about 500 in
number, who had pledged their honor to escort in safety to Fort
Wayne, brought up the rear. The party took the road along the lake
shore. On reaching the range of sand-hills separating the beach from
the prairie, about one mile and a half from the fort, the Indians defiled
to the right into the prairie, bringing the sand-hills between them and
the whites. This divergence had scarcely been effected when Captain
64 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
Wells, who had kept in the advance with his Indians, rode furiously
buck and exclaimed, " They are about to attack us; form instantly,
and charge upon them! " These words had scarcely been uttered be-
fore a volley of balls from Indian muskets was poured in upon them.
The troops were hastily formed into line, and charged up the bank.
One veteran of 70 fell as they ascended. The Indians were driven
back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged by 54 soldiers,
12 civilians, and three or four women the cowardly Miamis having
fled at the outset against 500 Indian warriors. The whites behaved
gallantly, and sold their lives dearly. They fought desperately until
two- thirds of their number were slain; the remaining 27 surrendered.
And now the most heart-rending and sickening butchery of this
calamitous day was committed by a young savage who assailed one
of the baggage wagons containing 12 children, every one of which fell
beneath his murderous tomahawk. When Captain Wells, who with
the others had become prisoner, beheld this scene at a distance, he
exclaimed in a tone loud enough to be heard by the savages, " If this
be your game, I can kill, too;" and turning his horse, started for the
place where the Indians had left their squaws and children. The
Indians hotly pursuing, he avoided their deadly bullets for a time.
Soon his horse was killed, and he severely wounded. With a yell the
young braves rushed to make him their prisoner and reserve him for
torture. But an enraged warrior stabbed him in the back, and he fell
dead. His heart was afterwards taken out, cut in pieces and dis-
tributed among the tribes. Billy Caldwell. a half-breed Wyandot,
long well known in Chicago afterward, buried his remains the next
day. Wells street, in Chicago, perpetuates his memory. In this fear-
ful combat women bore a conspicuous part. A wife of one of the
soldiers who had frequently heard that the Indians subjected their
prisoners to tortures worse than death, and resolving not to be taken
alive, continued fighting until she was literally cut to pieces. Mrs.
Herald was an excellent equestrian, and an expert in the use of the
rifle. She fought bravely, receiving several wounds. Though faint
from loss of blood, she managed to keep in her saddle. A savage
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face,
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language,
' Surely you will not kill a squaw." The arm of the savage fell, and
the life of this heroic woman was saved.
Mrs. Helm had an encounter with a stalwart Indian who attempted
to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, she received the glancing
blow on her shoulder, and at the same time she seized the savage
round the neck, and endeavored to get his scalping-knife which hung
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 65
in a sheath at his breast. While she was thus struggling, she was
dragged from his grasp by another and an older Indian. The latter
bore her, struggling and resisting, to the lake and plunged her in.
She soon perceived it was not his intention to drown her, because he
held her in such a position as to keep her head out of the water. She
recognized him to be a celebrated chief called the Black Partridge.
When the firing ceased, she was conducted up the sand-bank.
The prisoners were conducted back to the Indian camp, when a new
scene of horror was enacted. The wounded not being included in the
terms of surrender, as it was interpreted by the Indians, and the
British general, Proctor, having oifered a liberal bounty for Ameri-
can scalps, nearly all the wounded were killed and scalped, and the
price of the trophies was afterwards paid by the British general.
That evening, about sundown, a council of chiefs was held to decide
the fate of the prisoners, and it was agreed to deliver them to the
British commander at Detroit. After dark, many warriors from a
distance came into camp, who were thirsting for blood, and were deter-
mined to murder the prisoners regardless of the terms of surrender.
Black Partridge, with a few of his friends, surrounded Kinzie's house
to protect the inmates from the tomahawks of the bloodthirst}* sav-
ages. Soon a band of hostile warriors rushed by them into the house,
and stood with tomahawks and scalping-knives, awaiting the signal
from their chief when they would commence the work of death. Black
Partridge said to Mrs. Kinzie: " We have done everything in our
power to save you, but all is now lost; you and your friends, together
with all the prisoners of the camp, will now be slain. At that mo-
ment a canoe was heard approaching the shore, when Black Partridge
ran down to the river, trying in the darkness to make out the new
comers, and at the same time shouted, " Who are you? " In the bow
of the approaching canoe stood a tall, manly personage, with a rifle
in his hand. He jumped ashore exclaiming, "I am Sau-qu-nash."
"Then make all speed to the house; our friends are in danger, and
you only can save them." It was Billy Caldwell, the half-breed
Wyandot. He hurried forward, entered the house with a resolute
step, deliberately removed his accouterments, placed his rifle behind
the door, and saluted the Indians: " How now, my friends! a good-
day to you. I was told there were enemies here, but am glad to find
only friends." Diverted by the coolness of his manner, they were
ashamed to avow their murderous purpose, and simply asked for
some cotton goods to wrap their dead, for burial. And thus, by his
presence of mind, Caldwell averted the murder of the Kinzie family
and the prisoners.
5
(56 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
THE GREAT FIRE.
In 1837 Chicago became a city, and from that period to the date of
the great fire the onward march of the- great city is well known to the
world. We have no space to recount its marvelous growth in popu-
lation, wealth, internal resources and improvements, and everything
that goes to make up a great and mighty city. Its progress aston-
ished the world, and its own citizens stood almost appalled at the work
of their own hands; and Chicago was great, prosperous, and happy when
time brought that terrible October night, and with it the great tire,
memorable as the greatest fire ever occurring on earth. The sensa-
tions conveyed to the spectator of this unparalleled event, either
through the eye, the ear, or other senses or sympathies, can not be
adequately described, and any attempt to do it but shows the poverty
of language. As a spectacle it was beyond doubt the grandest as
well as the most appalling ever offered to mortal eyes. From any
elevated standpoint the appearance was that of a vast ocean of flame,"
sweeping in mile-long billows and breakers over the doomed city.
Added to the spectacular elements of the conflagration the intense
and lurid light, the sea of red and black, and the spires and pyramids
of flame shooting into the heavens was its constant and terrible roar,
drowning even the voices of the shrieking multitude. And ever and
anon for awhile as often as every half-minute resounded far and
wide the rapid detonations of explosions, or falling walls. In short,
all sights and sounds which terrify the weak and unnerve the strong
abounded. But they were only the accompaniment which the orches-
tra of nature were furnishing to the terrible tragedy there being
enacted.
The total area burned over, including streets, was nearly three and
a third square miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 17,450;
persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200. 'Not
including depreciation of real estate, or loss of business, it is estimated
that the total loss occasioned by the fire was $190,000,000, of which
but $44,000,000 was recovered on insurance. The business of the
city was interrupted but a short time; and in a year after the fire a
large part of the burned district was rebuilt, and at present there is
scarcely a trace of the terrible disaster, save in the improved char-
acter of the new buildings over those destroyed, and the general better
appearance of the city, now the finest, in an architectural sense, in
the world.
One of the features of this great city worthy of mention, is the
exposition, held annually. The smoldering ruins were vet smoking
5
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 69
when the exposition building was erected, only ninety days being
consumed in its construction. The accompanying engraving of the
building, the main part of which is 1,000 feet long, will give an idea
of its magnitude.
COMMERCE OF CHICAGO.
The trade of Chicago is co-extensive with the world. Everywhere
the trade-marks of her merchants are seen. Everywhere Chicago
stands prominently identified with the commerce of the continent.
A few years ago grain was hauled to the place in wagons: now
more than 10,000 miles of railroad, with hundreds of trains heavily
laden with the products of the land, center there. Enormous
elevators, capable of holding 15,000.000 bushels of grain, stand as
monuments of the vastness of her grain trade. The cash value of the
produce handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the produce weighs
7,000,000 tons, or would make 700,000 car loads. This handles
thirteen and one-half tons each minute during the entire year.
As far as regards the grain, lumber and stock trade, Chicago has
surpassed all rivals, and to-day, in each of those branches, has no
peer in the world. Her manufacturing interest has grown enor-
mously. In 1^76 her manufactories employed 60,000 operators. The
products manufactured in 1875 amounted to $177,000,000. In re-
viewing the shipping interests of Chicago we find it equally enormous.
So considerable, indeed, is the commercial navy of Chicago, that in the
season of navigation one vessel .sails every nine minutes during the
business hours; add to this the canal-boats that leave one every five
minutes during the same time, and you will see something of the
magnitude of her shipping.
In 1852 the commerce of the city reached the hopeful sum of $20,-
000,000; since then one firm has sold that amount in one year. In
18TO it reached $400,000,000. In 1871 it went $450,000,000, and in
1877 it touched nearly double that amount.
In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went
on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what
papers and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often but
one mail a week. A postoffice was established in Chicago in 1833,
and the postmaster nailed up old boot legs upon one side of his shop
to serve as boxes. It has since grown to a daily average of 7,000
pounds.
In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank
roads. The wooden-block pavement appeared in 1857. In 1840
water was delivered by peddlers in car.sor by hand. T. 1*311, a twenty-
70 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
five liorse power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along
the streets till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new
works. The first tire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam
fire-engine in 1859. Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850.
The Young Men's Christian Association was organized in 1858.
Street cars commenced running in 1854. The museum was opened
in 1863. The alarm telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built
in 1865.
One of the most thoroughly interesting engineering exploits of the
city is the tunnels and water- works system, the grandest and most
unique of any in the world; and the closest analysis fails to detect any
impurities in the water furnished. The first tunnel is five feet two
inches in diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000
gallons per day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six
miles long, running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,-
000,000 gallons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles
of water mains.
Chicago river is tunneled for the passage of pedestrians and vehi-
cles from the South to the West and North divisions.
There is no grand scenery about Chicago except the two seas, one
of water, the other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it,
a push, a breadth, a power, that soon makes it a place never to be for-
saken. Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of
one-fourth of the territory of this great republic. The Atlantic sea-
coast divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Phil-
adelphia, Baltimore and Savannah, but Chicago has a dozen empires
casting their treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all
the machinery of the world for 500 centuries; in a garden that can feed
the race by the thousand years; at the head of the lakes that give her
a temperature as a summer resort equaled by no great city in the
land; with a climate that insures the health of her citizens; sur-
rounded by all the great deposits of natural wealth in mines and for-
ests and herds, Chicago is the wonder of to-day, and will be the city
of the future.
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 73
ABSTRACTS OP STATE LAWS.
JURISDICTION OF COURTS.
Justices have jurisdiction in all civil cases on contracts for the
recovery of moneys for damages for injury to real property, or taking,
detaining, or injuring personal property; for rent; for all cases to
recover damages done to real or personal property by railroad com-
panies, in actions of replevin, and in actions for damages for fraud in
the sale, purchase, or exchange of personal property, when the amount
claimed as due is not over $200. They have also jurisdiction in all
cases for violation of the ordinances of cities, towns or villages. A
justice of the peace may orally order an officer or a private person to
arrest any one committing or attempting to commit a criminal oifense.
He also, upon complaint, can issue his warrant for the arrest of any
person accused of having committed a crime, and have him brought
before him for examination.
COUNTY COURTS
Have jurisdiction in all matters of probate (except in counties hav-
ing a population of one hundred thousand or over), settlement of
estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians and conserva-
tors, and settlements of their accounts; all matters relating to appren-
tices; proceedings for the collection of taxes and assessments; and in
proceedings of executors, administrators, guardians and conservators
for the sale of real estate. In law cases they have concurrent juris-
diction with Circuit Courts in all cases where justices of the peace
now have, or hereafter may have, jurisdiction when the amount
claimed shall not exceed $1,000; and in all criminal offenses where
the punishment is not imprisonment in the penitentiary or death, and
in all cases of appeals from justices of peace and police magistrates;
excepting when the county judge is sitting as a justice of the peace.
Circuit Courts have unlimited jurisdiction.
COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS.
The commissioners of highways in the different towns have the
care and superintendence of highways and bridges therein. They
have the power to lay out, vacate, regulate and repair all roads, build
and repair bridges, and divide their respective towns into as many
road districts as they shall think convenient. This is to be done
74 ABSTKACT8 OF STATE LAWS.
annually, and ten days before the annual town meeting. In addition
to the above, it is their duty to erect and keep in repairs at the forks
or crossing-place of the most important roads, post and guide-boards
with plain inscriptions, giving directions and distances to the most
noted places to which such roads may lead; also to make provisions
to prevent thistles, burdock, cockle-burs, mustard, yellow dock, In-
dian mallow, and jimson weed from seeding, and to extirpate the
same as far as practicable, and to prevent all rank growth of vegeta-
tion on the public highways, so far as the same may obstruct public
travel; and it is in their discretion to erect watering places for public
use, for watering teams at such points as may be deemed advisable.
Every able-bodied male inhabitant, being above the age of twenty-one
years and under fifty, excepting paupers, idiots, lunatics, trustees of
schools and school directors, and such others as are exempt by law,
are required to labor on highways in their respective road districts,
not less than one nor more than three days in each year. Three days'
notice must be given by the overseer of the time and place he
requires such road labor to be done. The labor must be performed
in the road district in which the person resides. Any person may
commute for such labor by paying the equivalent in money. Any
peroon liable for work on highways, who has been assessed two days
or more and has not commuted, may be required to furnish team, or a
cart, wagon or plow, with a pair of horses or oxen and a man to man-
age them, for which he will be entitled to two days' work. Eight
hours is a day's work on the roads, and there is a penalty of twenty-
five cents an hour against any person or substitute who shall neglect
or refuse to perform. Any person remaining idle, or does not work
faithfully, or hinders others from doing so, forfeits to the town $2.
Every person assessed and duly notified who has not commuted, and
refuses or neglects to appear, shall forfeit to the town for every day's
refusal or neglect the sum of $2; if he was required to furnish a
team, carriage, man or implements, and neglects or refuses to comply,
he is liable to the following fines: 1st, For wholly failing to comply,
$4 each day; 2d, For omitting to furnish a man to manage team, $2,
each day; 3d, For omitting to furnish a pair of horses or oxen, $1.50
each day; 4th, For omitting to furnish a wagon, cart or plow, 75 cents
each day. The commissioners estimate and assess the highway labor
and road tax. The road tax on real and personal property can not
exceed forty cents on^each hundred dollars' worth. The labor or road
tax in villages, towns or cities is paid over to the corporate authorities
of such, for the improvement of streets, roads and bridges within
their limits.
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 75
Overseers. Their duties are to repair and keep in order the high-
ways in their districts; to warn persons to work out their road tax at
such time and place as they think proper; to collect tines and com-
mutation money, and execute all lawful orders of the commissioners
of highways; also make list, within sixteen days after their election,
of the names of all inhabitants in his road district liable to work on
highways. For refusal to perform any of his duties, he is liable to a
fine of $10.
As all township and county officers are familiar with their duties, it
is here intended only to give the points of law with which the public
should be familiar. The manner of laying out, altering or vacating
roads, etc., will not be here stated, as it would require more space
than can be spared in a work like this. It is sufficient to state that
the first step Is by petition, addressed to the commissioners, setting
out what is prayed for, giving the names of the owners of the lands,
if known (if not known, so state), over which the road is to pass,
giving the general course, its place of beginning, and where it termin-
ates. It requires not less than twelve freeholders residing within
three miles of the road who shall sign the petition. Public roads
must not be less than fifty nor more than sixty feet wide. Roads not
exceeding two miles in length, if petitioned for, may be laid out not
less than forty feet wide. Private roads for private and public use
may be laid out three rods wide, on petition of the person directly
interested : the damage occasioned thereby shall be paid by the prem-
ises benefited thereby, and before the road is opened. If not opened
in two years, the order shall be considered rescinded. Commissioners
in their discretion may permit persons who live on or have private
roads, to work out their road-tax thereon. Public roads must be
opened in five years from date of filing order of location, or be deemed
vacated.
FENCES.
The town assessor and commissioners of highways shall be fence
viewers.
A lawful fence is four and one-half feet high, and in good repair,
consisting of rails, timbers, boards, stones, hedges, or any other mate-
rial the fence viewers may deem sufficient. The electors at any annual
town meeting may determine what shall constitute a legal fence in
the town.
Division fences shall be made and maintained in just proportion
by the adjoining owners, except where the owner shall choose to let
his land lie open; but after a division fence has been built by mutual
76 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
agreement or otherwise, it shall not be lawful for either party to
remove his part of said fence, so long as he may crop or use such
lands for farm purposes, or without giving the other party one year's
notice in writing, of his intention to move his portion of the fence.
Adjoining owners should endeavor, if possible, mutually to agree as
to the proportion that each shall maintain of the division fence
between their adjoining lands; and the agreement should be reduced
to writing, each party taking a copy. When any person shall inclose
his land upon the inclosure of another, he shall refund the owner of
the adjoining lands a just proportion of the value at that time of such
fence. The value of such fence, and the proportion thereof to be
paid by suuh person, and the proportion of the division fence to be
made and maintained by him, in case of his inclosing his land, shall
be determined by two fence viewers of the town. Such fence viewers
have power to settle all disputes between owners as to fences built or
to be built, as well as. concerning repairs to be made. Each party
chooses one of the viewers, but if the other party neglects, after eight
days' notice in writing, to make his choice, then the other party may
select both. It is sufficient to notify the tenant or party in possession,
when the owner is not a resident of the town in which such fences are
situated. The two fence viewers chosen, after viewing the premises,
shall hear the statements of the parties. In case they can't agree
they shall select another fence viewer to act with them, and the decis-
ion of any two of them shall be final. The decision must be reduced
to writing, and should plainly set out a description of fence and all
matters settled by them, and must be filed in the office of the town
clerk.
If any person who is liable to contribute to the erection or repara-
tion of a division fence, shall neglect or refuse to make or repair his
proportion of such fence, the party injured, after giving sixty days'
notice, in writing, that a new fence should be erected, or ten days'
notice, in writing, that the repair of such fence is necessary, may
make or repair the same at the expense of the party so neglecting or
refusing, to be recovered from him, with costs of suit; and the party
so neglecting or refusing, after notice in writing, shall be liable to the
party injured for all damages which shall thereby accrue, to be
determined by any two fence viewers. "Where a person shall conclude
to remove his part of a division fence and let his land lie open, and
having given the year's notice required, the adjoining owner may
cause the value of said fence to be ascertained by fence viewers as
before provided; and on payment or tender of the amount of such
valuation to the owner, it shall prevent the removal. A party remov
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 77
ing a division fence without notice is liable for the damages accruing
thereby.
Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mis-
take, the owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence
and material within six months after the division line has been ascer-
tained. Where the material to build such a fence has been taken from
the land on which it was built, then before it can be removed, the
person claiming must first pay for such material to the owner of the
land from which it was taken; nor shall such a fence be removed at a
time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the
other party: a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months
to remove crops.
The compensation of fence viewers is one dollar and fifty cents a
day each, to be paid in the first instance by the party calling them;
but in the end all expenses, including amount charged by the fence
viewers, must be paid equally by the parties, except in cases where a
party neglects or refuses to make or maintain a just proportion of a
division fence, when the party in default shall pay them.
EMINENT DOMAIN
Is a power to take private property for public use, which exists only
in cases where public convenience or necessity demands its exercise.
This right may be exercised upon both corporeal property, as land,
and incorporeal, as franchises. Eminent domain is distinguished
from public domain, which is property owned absolutely by the State
in the same manner as an individual holds his property.
DRAINAGE.
Whenever one or more owners or occupants of land desire to con-
struct a drain or ditch through another man's land, the right can be
had only under legislative authority, or is granted or exists by pre-
scription or by consent of the owner.
Dripping water from one house upon another can be allowed only
where the owner has acquired the right by grant or prescription ; and
no one has a right to construct his house so as to let the water drip
over his neighbor's land.
TRESPASS OF STOCK.
Where stock of any kind breaks into any person's inclosure, the
fence being good and sufficient, the owner is liable for the damage
done; but where the damage is done by stock running at large con-
trary to law, the owner is liable where there is not such a fence.
78 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
Where stock is found trespassing on the inclosnre of another as afore-
said, the owner or occupier of the premises may take possession of
such stock and keep the same until damages, with reasonable charges
for keeping and feeding, and all costs of suit, are paid. Any person
taking or rescuing such stock so held without his consent, shall be
liable to a fine of not less than three nor more than five dollars for
each anLnal rescued, to be recovered by suit before a justice of the
peace for the use of the school fund. Within twenty-four hours
after taking such animal into his possession, the person taking it up
must give notice of the fact to the owner, if known; or if unknown,
notices must be posted in some public place near the premises.
ESTRAYS.
Stray animals are those whose owner is unknown, any beasts, not
wild, found on one's premises, and not owned by the occupant. Any
animals found straying at any time during the year, in counties where
such animals are not allowed to run at large, or between the last day
of October and the 15th day of April in other counties, the owner
being unknown, may be taken up as estrays. A party who wishes to
detain property as an estray, must show an exact compliance with the
law. In order to vest the property of the stray in him, such acts
must appear in detail on the record.
No person not a householder in the county where the estray is
found, can lawfully take up an estray, and then only upon or about
his farm or place of residence. Estrays should not be used before
advertised, except animals giving milk, which may be milked for their
benefit. Notices must be posted up within five days,, in three of the
most public places in the town or precinct in which the estray was
found, giving the residence of the taker-up, and a particular descrip-
tion of the estray, its age, color, and marks natural and artificial, and
stating before what justice of the peace in such town or precinct, and
at what time, not less than ten nor more than fifteen days from the
time of posting such notices, he will apply to have the estray ap-
praised. If the owner of an estray shall not have appeared and
proved ownership, and taken the same away, first paying the taker-
up his reasonable charges for taking up, keeping, and advertising the
same, the taker-up shall appear before the justice mentioned in above
notice, and make an affidavit as required by law. All subsequent
proceedings are before the justice who is familiar- therewith; therefore
we omit them here.
Any person taking up an estray at any other place than about or
upon his farm or residence, or without complying with the law, shall
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 79
forfeit and pa} 7 a fine of ten dollars with costs. Ordinary diligence is
required in taking care of estrays, but in case the} 7 die or get away,
the taker-up is not liable for the same.
If a man finds estrays in his field, he is not bound to retain them
for the owner, but may drive them off into the highway without being
liable to an action. But a person who chases a horse out of his field
with a large, fierce dog, commits an unlawful act, and is liable for any
injury which the act occasions. A person who takes an estray to keep
for the owner, but does not pursue the course prescribed by statute,
is not liable to an action unless he uses the same or refuses to deliver
it on demand. Riding a horse to discover the owner is not "use."
HORSES
Are animals of a domestic nature. Under the age of four years they
are called colts. A borrower of a horse is liable for negligence, mis-
use, or gross want of skill in use. The lender is liable in case the ani-
mal lent is unfit or dangerous, as he thus may occasion injury. The
animal should be used only for the purpose and to the extent stipu-
lated, and not by a servant.
If he dies from disease, or is killed by inevitable accident, the bor-
rower is not liable. Defects which are manifest, open and plain to an
ordinary observer, and those also which are known to the buyer, are
not usually covered by a general warranty. The former requires no
skill to discover them, and the latter may be objected to or acquiesced
in at the time of the purchase. In the case of latent defects exist-
ing in such a condition that they could not be detected by the buyer,
and are known to the seller, who fails to disclose them to the buyer,
the latter practices a constructive fraud, unless the animal is sold
" with all faults." By consenting to purchase the horse " with all
faults," the purchaser takes upon himself the risk of latent or secret
defects, and calculates the price accordingly. But even this kind of a
purchase would be voidable if the seller had purposely, arid to deceive
the purchaser, covered, filled up, patched, plastered, or otherwise prac-
ticed fraud to conceal any defects, and he would be liable.
Hiring out a horse and carriage to perform a particular journey,
carries witli it the warranty of the person letting the horse and car-
riage, that each of them is fit and competent for such journey; but,
if a horse is hired for one purpose, and is used for another and is in-
jured the hirer is liable for the damage sustained. The hirer is in
all cases, answerable for ordinary neglect. If he uses the hired horse
as a prudent man would his own, he is not liable for any damage
which the horse may receive. If, however, he keeps the hired horse
80 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
after a stipulated time, or uses it differently from his agreement, he
is in any event liable. If the hirer sells the horse, the owner may
recover its value of the purchaser, though the purchaser had in good
faith given the hirer full value for it, as the hirer could give no bet-
ter title than he had himself.
Mischievous animals render their owners liable when known to
them to be so, and they are responsible when they permit them to go
at large, for the damage they may do. Any person may justify the
killing of ferocious animals.
MARKS AND BRANDS.
Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats, may have one ear-
mark and one brand, which shall be diiferent from his neighbors',
and may be recorded by the county clerk of the county in which such
property is kept. The fee for such record is fifteen cents. The record of
such shall be open to examination free of charge. In cases of disputes
as to marks or brands, such record is prima-facie evidence. Owners
of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats, that may have been branded by
former owners may be re-branded in presence of one or more of his
neighbors, who shall certify to the facts of the marking or branding
being done, when done, and in what brand or mark they were re-
branded or re-marked, which certificate may also be recorded as before
stated.
ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT.
An agreement is virtually a contract by which a certain person (or
persons) agrees or contracts to perform certain duties within a speci-
fied time. Good business men always reduce an agreement to writ-
ing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and a long and
expensive lawsuit. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must
be closely and explicitly stated; and there must be a reasonable con-
sideration, else the agreement is void.
Unless it is expressly stipulated that the agreement is binding for
a longer time, the contract expires at the end of one year. Every
agreement should state most distinctly the time within which its
conditions are to be complied with. A discovery of fraud, or misre-
presentation by one party to the agreement, or changing of the date,
renders the contract void. Each party should retain a copy of the
agreement.
GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT.
THIS AGREEMENT, made the third day of November, 1878, between Damon Clarke
of Macomb, county of McDonough, State of Illinois, of the first part, and William
Hays, of the same place, of the second part
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
WitnesseHi, that the said Damon Clarke, in consideration of the agreement of the
party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to and with the
said William Hays, that he will deliver, in good and marketable condition, at the
cily of Galesburg, 111., during the month of December of this year, nine hundred
bushels of corn, in the following lots, and at the following specified times, namely:
one hundred bushels by the fifth of December, three hundred bushels by the fifteenth
of December, and the balance by the thirtieth of December.
And the said William Hays, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment of this
contract on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees with the said
Damon Clarke, to pay for said corn fifty cents per bushel, as soon as delivered.
In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby stipu-
lated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other one hundred dollars
as fixed and settled damages.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first above
written. DAMON CLARKE.
WILLIAM HAYS.
DEEDS.
A deed is a sealed instrument in writing, on paper or parchment,
conveying lands and appurtenances thereon from one person to
another, duly signed, sealed and delivered. The law in this State
provides that an acknowledgment must be made before certain per-
sons authorized to take the same. These officers are : master in
chancery, notary public, circuit or county clerk, justice of the peace,
United States Commissioner, or any court of record having a seal, or
any judge, justice, or clerk of any such court. The instrument shall
be attested by the official seal of the officer taking the acknowledg-
ment. The deed takes effect upon its delivery to the person author-
ized to receive it.
To render a deed valid, there must be a sufficient consideration.
To enable a person to legally convey property to another, the follow-
ing requisites are necessary: 1st. he or she must be of age ; 2d.
must be of sane mind; and, 3d, he or she must be the rightful owner
of the property.
Any alterations or interlineations in the deed should be noted at
the bottom of the instrument, and properly witnessed. After the
acknowledgment of a deed, the parties have no right to make the
slightest alterations. An alteration after the acknowledgment in favor
of the grantee vitiates the deed. The maker of a deed is called the
"grantor;" the person or party to whom the deed is delivered, the
"grantee." The wife of the grantor must acknowledge the deed, or
else, after the death of her husband, she will be entitled to a one-third
interest in the property, as dower, during her life. Her acknowledg-
ment of the deed must be of her own free will and accord.
By a general warranty deed the grantor engages to secure the
grantee in any right or possession to the property convej^ed against
all persons whatsoever. A quit-claim deed releases what interest the
grantor mav have in the land, but does not warrant and defend against
6
82 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
others. We do not give any form for a deed, as printed forms are
used by all. Deeds should be recorded without delay.
WILLS.
The legal declaration of a person's mind, determining the manner
in which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his
death, is termed a will. No exact form of words is necessary in order
to make a will good at law, though much care should be exercised to
state the provisions of the will so plainly that its language may not
be misunderstood.
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female
of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind, can make a valid will. It
must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or
her presence and by his or her direction, and attested by two or more
credible witnesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not
interested in the will.
The person making a will may appoint his or her executors; but
no person can serve as such executor if he or she be an alien at the
time of proving the will, if he be under twenty-one years of age, a
convict, a drunkard, a lunatic, or an imbecile.
Persons knowing themselves to have been appointed executors,
must, within thirty days after the death of deceased, cause the will to
be proved and recorded in the proper county, or present it and refuse
to accept. In case of failure to do so, they are liable to forfeit the
sum of twenty dollars per month. Inventory to be made by executor
or administrator within three months from date of letters testament-
ary or administration.
The person making a will is termed the " testator" (if a female, the
"testatrix").
A. will is of no force and effect until the death of the testator, and
can be canceled or modified at any date by the maker. The last will
made annuls the force of all preceding wills.
A will made by an unmarried woman is legally revoked by mar-
riage; but she can take such legal steps in the settlement of her
property before marriage as will empower her to dispose of the same
as she may choose after marriage. No husband can make a will that
will deprive the wife of her right of dower in the property; but the
husband can will the wife a certain amount in lieu of her dower, stat-
ing it to be in lieu thereof. Such bequest, however, will not exclude
her from her dower, provided she prefers it to the bequest made in
the will. Unless the husband states distinctly that the bequest is in
lieu of dower, she is entitled to both.
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 83
In case a married woman possesses property and dies without a will,
her husband is entitled to administer upon such property in preference
to any one else, provided he be of sound mind.
Notice requiring all claims to be presented against the estate shall
be given by the administrator within six months after being qualified.
Any person having a claim and not presenting it at the time fixed by
said notice, is required to have summons issued notifying the execu-
tor of having filed his claim in court. Claims should be filed within
two years from the time administration is granted on an estate, as
after that time they are forever barred, unless other estate be found
that was not inventoried. Married women, infants, persons insane,
imprisoned, or without the United States, in the employment of the
United States, or of this State, have two years after their disabilities
are removed to file claims. Claims are classified and paid out of the
estate in the following manner:
1st. Funeral expenses.
2d. The widow's award, if there is a widow; or children, if there
are children and no widow.
3d. Expenses attending the last illness, not including the phvsi-
cian's bill.
4th. Debts due the common school or township fund.
5th. All expenses of proving the will and taking out letters test-
amentary or of administration, and settlement of the estate, and the
physician's bill in the last illness of the deceased.
6th. Where the deceased has received money in trust for any
purpose, his executor or administrator shall pay out of his estate the
amount received and not accounted for.
7th. All other debts and demands of whatsoever kind, without
regard to quality or dignity, which shall be exhibited to the court
within two years from the granting of letters.
Award to the widow and children, exclusive of debts and legacies
or bequests, except funeral expenses :
1st. The family pictures and wearing apparel, jewels and orna-
ments of herself and minor children.
2d. School books and the family library to the value of $100.
3d. One sewing-machine.
4th. Necessary beds, bedsteads and bedding for herself and family.
5th. The stoves and pipe used in the family, with the necessary
cooking utensils; or in case they have none, $50 in money.
6th. Household and kitchen furniture to the value of $100.
7th. One milch cow and calf for every four members of her family.
84: ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
8th. Two sheep for each member of her family, and the fleeces
taken from the same, and one horse, saddle and bridle.
9th. Provisions for herself and family lor one year.
10th. Food for the stock above specified for six months.
llth. Fuel for herself and femily for three months.
12th. One hundred dollars' worth of other property suited to her
condition in life, to be selected by the widow.
The widow, if she elects, may have in lieu of the said award, the
same personal property or money in place thereof as is or may be ex-
empt from execution or attachment against the head of a family.
ADOPTION OF CHILDREN.
Children may be adopted by any resident of this State, by filing a
petition in the circuit or county court of the county in which he
resides, asking leave to do so; and if desired, may ask that the name
of the child be changed. Such petition, if made by a person having
a husband or wife, w r ill nut be granted unless the husband or wife
joins therein, as the adoption must be by them jointly. The petition
shall state name, sex, and age of child, and the new name, if it is
desired to change the name; also, the name and residence of the pa-
rents of the child, ir known, and of the guardian, if a'iy, and whether
the parents or guardians consent to the adoption.
The court must find, before granting decree, that the parents of the
child, or the survivors of them, have deserted his or her family or
such child for one year next preceding the application ; or if neither is
living, that the guardian (if no guardian, the next of kin in this State
capable of giving consent) has had notice of the presentation of the
petition, and consents to such adoption. If the child is of the age of
fourteen or upwards, the adoption can not be made without its con-
sent.
NOTES.
A note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and time
of payment are mentioned. The following is a good form:
CHICAGO, ILL.. Oct. 15, 1878.
Thirty days from date I promise to pay to F. M. Chapman, or order one hundred
dollars, for value received. 8. T. LEWIS.
To make a note payable in any thing else than money, insert the facts instead
of the sum of money alone. Unless paid when due, it is payable in money.
No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due)
in the hands of the assignee, without notice, except fraud was used in obtain-
ing the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit, in col-
lecting of the maker, unless suit would have been unavailing. Notes payable
to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be in-
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 85
dorsed by the payer. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery,
and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment,
unless otherwise expressed.
The limit of time in which action may be brought on a note is 10 years.
The following is a form of
JUDGMENT NOTE.
For value received, I promise to pay to Andrew Sherman, of Chicago, or order,
two hundred dollars, with interest, on ihe first day of January next. And further, I
do hereby empower any attorney of the Court of Common Pleas, of Cook county, or
of any Court of Record in Illinois, or elsewhere, to appear for me, and after a declara-
tion filed therefor, to confess a judgment against me in the above sum, as of last,
next, or any other subsequent term, with cost of suits, release of errors, etc., with stay
of execution until said first clay of January next.
Witness my hand and seal at Chicago, 111., this first day of October, in the year one
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight. A. L. STOVER.
Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of [SEAL.]
EKASTUS CHILD.
S. B. NELSON.
A note is void when founded upon fraud. Thus a note obtained from a per-
son when intoxicated, or obtained for any reason which is illegal, cannot be
collected. A note given upon Sunday is also void.
If the note is payable to a person or order, or to a person or bearer, to a
person or his assigns, or to the cashier of an incorporated company, such
notes are negotiable.
When transferring a note, the indorser frees himself from responsibility, so
far as the payment is concerned, by writing on the back, above his name, with-
out recourse to me in any event.
INTEREST.
Interest is the compensation which is paid by the borrower of
money to the lender for its use. "When the debtor expressly under-
takes to pay interest, he is bound to pay it; but if a party has ac-
cepted the principal, he cannot recover interest in a separate action.
During the course of dealings between parties, a promise to pay is
implied, and the debtor is bound to pay. So also on an account stated,
whenever the debtor knows precisely what he is to pay and when he
is to pay it, after a demand of payment; but interest is not due on a
running account, even, when the items are all on one side, unless other-
wise agreed upon. Where the terms of a promissory note are that it
shall be paid by installments, and on the failure of any installment,
the whole is to become due, interest on the whole becomes payable
from the first default. "Where, by the term of a bond or promissory
note, interest is to be paid annually, and the principal at a distant
day, the interest may be recovered before the principal is due.
Interest is collectible in the following cases: For goods sold and
delivered after the stipulated term of credit has expired; if there be
86 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
no credit, then from the time of sale; on judgment debts, from the
rendition of judgment; on money obtained by fraud, or where it has
been wrongfully detained (for whoever receives money not his own,
and detains it from the owner unlawfully, must pay interest therefor:
hence a public officer retaining money wrongfully is liable for the in-
terest); on money paid by mistake, or recovered on avoid execution;
on money lent or laid out for another's use; and rent, from the time
that it is due.
When the rate of interest is specified in any contract, that rate con-
tinues until full payment is made. A debt barred by the statute of
limitations and revived by an acknowledgment bears interest for the
whole time.
Computing Interest. In casting interest on notes, bonds, etc., upon
which partial payments have been made, every payment is to be first
applied to discharge the interest; but the interest is never allowed to
form a part of the principal, so as to carry interest. When a partial
payment is made before the debt is due, it cannoc be apportioned part
to the debt and part to the interest, but at the end interest shall be
charged on the whole sum, and the obligor shall receive credit for the
interest on the amount paid until the interest becomes due.
The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree in
writing on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest
greater than ten per cent, is contracted for, the penalty is a forfeiture
of the entire interest, and only the principal can be recovered.
In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a
month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and
for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a
month. Notes bear interest only when so expressed ; but after due
they draw the legal interest, six per cent., even if not stated.
Notes payable on demand or at sight draw no interest until after
presentation or demand of the same has been made, unless they pro-
vide for interest from date on their face. If " with interest " is in-
cluded in the note, it draws the legal rate from the time it is made.
If the note is to draw a special rate of interest, higher than the legal,
but not higher than the law allows, the rate must be specified.
DAYS OF GKACE.
No check, draft, bill of exchange, promissory note, order, or nego-
tiable instrument, payable at sight or on demand, or on presentment,
shall be entitled to days of grace. All other bills of exchange, drafts
or notes are entitled to three days of grace. All the above mentioned
paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July,
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 87
Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President ot
the United States or the Governor of the State as a day of fasting or
thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day previous; and should
two or more of these days come together, then such instrument shall
be treated as due on the day previous to the first of said days.
LIMITATION OF ACTION.
The limit of time in which action may be brought on certain things
is as follows: Open accounts, five years; notes and written contracts,
ten years; judgments, twenty years; partial payments or new promise
in writing, within or after said period, will revive the debt; absence
from the State deducted, and when the cause of action is barred by
the law of another State, it has the same effect here; assault, slander,
libel, replevin, one year; personal injuries, two years; to recover
land or make entry thereon, twenty years; and sealed and witnessed
instruments, as action to foreclose mortgage or trust deed, within ten
years. All persons in possession of land, and paying taxes for seven
consecutive years, with color of title, and all persons paying taxes for
seven consecutive years, with color of title, on vacant land, shall be
held to be the legal owners to the extent of their paper title. >
RECEIPTS.
Receipts should always state when received and what for; and if
receipt is in full it should be so stated. We give two forms:
FOR MONEY ON ACCOUNT.
Received, Knoxville, 111., Nov. 10, 1878, of J. C. Cover, sixty dollars, on account.
$60. J. H. FRANKLIN.
FOB MONEY ADVANCED ON A CONTRACT.
f 100. GALESBURG, ILL., June 9, 1868.
Received of Fernando Ross, one hundred dollars, in advance, on contract to build
for him a brick house at No 76, Kellogg street. DAVID ANDERSON.
EXEMPTIONS FROM FORCED SALE.
The following personal property and home worth $1,000, Lqt
of ground and buildings thereon, occupied as a residence by the
debtor, being a householder and having a family, to the value of
$1,000. Exemption continues after the death of the householder for
the benefit of widow and family, some one of them occupying the
homestead until the youngest shall become twenty-one years of age,
and until the death of the widow. There is no exemption from sale
for taxes, assessments, debt or liability incurred for the purchase or
improvement of said homestead. No release or waiver of exemption
is valid unless in writing and subscribed by such householder and
88 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
wife (if lie has one), and acknowledged as conveyances of real estate
are required to be acknowledged.
The following articles of personal property owned by the debtor
are exempt from execution, writ of attachment, and distress for rent:
The necessary wearing apparel, Bibles, school-books and family pic-
tures of every person; and one hundred dollars' worth of other prop-
erty, to be selected by the debtor, and in addition, when the debtor-
is the head of a family and resides with the same, three hundred dol-
lars' worth of other property to be selected by tho debtor, provided
that such selection and exemption shall not be made by the debtor or
allowed to him or her from any money, salary or wages due him or
her from any person or persons or corporations whatever. When the
the head of a family dies, deserts, or does not reside with the same,
the family shall be entitled to and receive all the benefit and privilege
which are by this act conferred upon the head of a family residing
with the same. No personal property is exempt from execution when
judgment is obtained for the wages of laborers or servants. "Wages
of a laborer who is the head of a family cannot be garnisheed except
for the sum due him in excess of 25.
LANDLORDS AND TENANTS.
The principal obligation on the part of the landlord, which is in
fact always to be implied as a necessary condition to his receiving
any rent, is, that the tenant shall enjoy the quiet possession of the
premises, which means, substantially, that he shall not be turned
out of possession of the whole or any material part of the premises
by any one having a title paramount to that of the landlord, of that
the landlord shall not himself disturb or render his occupation un-
comfortable by the erection of a nuisance on or near the premises, or
otherwise oblige him to quit possession. But if he be ousted by a
stranger, that is, by one having no title, or after the rent has fallen
due, or if the molestation proceeds from acts of a third person, the
landlord is in neither case responsible for it. Another obligation
which the law imposes on the landlord, in the absence of any express
stipulation in the lease, is the payment of all taxes chargeable upon
the property, or any ground rents or interest upon mortgages to
which it may be subject. Every landlord is bound to protect his ten-
ant against all paramount claims. And if a tenant is compelled, in order
to protect himself in the enjoyment of the land in respect of which
his rent is payable, to make payment which ought, as between him-
self and his landlord, to have been made by the latter, he may call
upon the landlord to reimburse him, or he may deduct such payment
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 89
from the rent due or to become due. But the landlord is under no
obligation to make repairs, or to rebuild in case the premises should
be burned; nor does he guaranty that they are reasonably fit for the
purpose for which they were taken. And it is not in the power of a
tenant to make repairs at the expense of his landlord, unless there be
a special agreement between them authorizing him to do so; for the
tenant takes the premises for better or worse, and cannot involve the
landlord in expense for repairs without his consent. Even if the
premises have become uninhabitable by fire, and the landlord, having
insured them, has recovered the insurance money, the tenant cannot
compel him to expend the money so recovered in rebuilding, unless
he has expressly engaged to do so; nor can he in such an event pro-
tect himself from the payment of rent during the unexpired balance
of the term, unless exempted therefrom by statute or the terms of
the lease. The uninhabitableness of a house is not a good defense to
an action for rent. If the landlord expressly covenanted 1o repair,
the tenant cannot quit and discharge himself of rent because the re-
pairs are not made, unless there is a provision to that effect; and if a
landlord is bound by custom or by express agreement to repair, this
obligation, and the obligation of the tenant to pay rent, are inde-
pendent of each other, so that the refusal or neglect of the landlord
to repair is no answer to a demand for rent. The tenant is answer
able for any neglect to repair highways, fences, or party walls, it being
generally sufficient, except where a statute otherwise provides, to
charge a man with such repairs by the name of "occupant." He is
also liable for all injuries produced by the mismanagement of his ser-
vants, or by a nuisance kept upon the premises, or by an obstruction
of the highways adjacent to them, or the like; for as a general rule,
where a man is in possession of property, he must so manage it that
other persons shall not be injured thereby. One of the principal
obligations which the law imposes upon every tenant, independent ot
any agreement, is to treat the premises in such a manner that no sub-
stantial injury shall be done to them, and so that they may revert to
the landlord^at the end of the term unimpaired by any willful or neg-
ligent conduct on h'is part.
CRIMINAL LAW
Is that branch of jurisprudence which treats of criminal offenses.
The extreme importance of a knowledge of criminal law is self-evi-
dent; for a mistake in point of law, which every person of discretion
not only may know, but is bound and presumed to know, is in crimi-
nal cases no defense. This law is administered upon the principle
90 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
that every one must be taken conclusively to know it, without proof
that he does know it. This doctrine has been carried so far as to in-
clude the case of a foreigner charged with a crime which was no
offense in his own country. And further, the criminal law, whether
common or statute, is imperative with reference to the conduct of in-
dividuals; so that, if a statute forbids or commands a thing to be
done, ail acts or omissions contrary to the prohibition or command
of the statute are offenses at common law, and ordinarily indictable
as such. "When a statute punishes a crime by its legal designation
without enumerating the acts which constitute it, then it is necessary
to resort to the common law for a definition of the crime with its
distinctions and qualifications. So, if an act is made criminal, but no
mode of prosecution is directed or no punishment provided, the com-
mon law (in the absence of a statute to the contrary) furnishes its
aid, prescribing the mode of prosecution by indictment, and its mode
of punishment by fine and imprisonment. So far, therefore, as the
rules and principles of common law are applicable to the administra-
tion of the criminal law, and have not been altered or modified by
legislation or judicial decisions, they have the same force and effect
as laws finally enacted *
The following are some of the leading principles of the criminal
law:
1. Every man is presumed to be innocent till the contrary is shown;
and if there is any reasonable doubt of his guilt, he is entitled to the
benefit of the doubt.
2. In general, no person can be brought to trial till a grand jury
on examination of the charge has found reason to hold him to trial.
3. The prisoner is entitled to trial by a jury of his peers, who are
chosen from the body of the people with a view to impartiality, and
whose decision on questions of fact is final.
4. The question of his guilt is to be determined without reference
to his general character, previous history, or habits of life.
5. The prisoner cannot be required to criminate himself, nor be
compelled even to exculpate himself by giving his own testimony on
trial.
6. He cannot be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.
7. He cannot be punished for an act which was not an offense by
the law existing at the time of its commission; nor can a severer
punishment be inflicted than was declared by law at the time of its
commission.
MILLERS.
The owner or occupant of every public grist-mill in this State
shall grind all grain brought to his mill in its turn. The toll for
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 91
both steam and water mills, is, for grinding and bolting wheat, rye,
or other grain, one-eighth part; for grinding Indian corn, oats, barley,
and buckwheat not required to be bolted, one-seventh part; for grind-
ing malt, and chopping all kinds of grain, one-eighth part. It is the
duty of every miller, when his mill is in repair, to aid and assist in
loading and unloading all grain brought to his mill to be ground; and
he is also required to keep an accurate half-bushel measure, and an
accurate set of toll dishes or scales for weighing the grain. The pen-
alty for neglect or refusal to comply with the law is $5, to the use of
any person suing for the same, to be recovered before any justice of
the peace of the county where the penalty is incurred. Millers are ac-
countable (except it results from unavoidable accidents) for the safe-
keeping of all grain left in their mill for the purpose of being ground,
with .bags or casks containing same, provided that such bags or casks
are distinctly marked with the initial letters of the owner's name.
PAUPERS.
Every poor person who shall be unable to earn a livelihood in con-
sequence of any bodily infirmity, idiocy, lunacy or unavoidable cause,
shall be supported by the father, grandfathers, mother, grand-
mothers, children, grandchildren, brothers or sisters, of such poor
person, if they or either of them be of sufficient ability; but if any
of such dependent class shall have become so from intemperance, or
other bad conduct, they shall not be entitled to support from any re-
lation except parent or child. The children shall first be called on to
support their parents, if they are able; but if not, the parents of such
poor person shall then be called on, if of sufficient ability; and if
there be no parents or children able, then the brothers and sisters of
such dependent person shall be called upon; and if there be no
brothers or sisters of sufficient ability, the grandchildren of such per-
son shall next be called on; and if they are not able, then the grand-
parents. Married females, while their husbands live, shall not be
liable to contribute for the support of their poor relations except out
of their separate property. It is the duty of the State's attorney to
make complaint to the County Court of his county against all the
relatives of such paupers in this State liable to support, and prosecute
the same. In case the State's attorney neglects or refuses to com-
plain in such cases, then it is the duty of the overseer of the poor to
do so. The person called upon to contribute shall have at least ten
days' notice of such application, by summons. The court has the
power to determine the kind of support, depending upon the cir-
cumstances of the parties, and may also order two or more of the
different degrees to maintain such poor person, and prescribe the pro-
92 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
portion of each, according to his or her ability. The court may specify
the time for which the relatives shall contribute: in fact it has con-
trol over the entire subject matter, with power to enforce its order.
Every county is required to relieve and support all poor and in-
digent persons lawfully resident therein. "Residence" means the
actual residence of the party, or the place where he was employed;
or in case he was in no employment, then it shall be the place where
he made his home. When any person becomes chargeable as a
pauper who did not reside in the county at the commencement of six
months immediately preceding his becoming so, but did at the time
reside elsewhere in this State, then the county becomes liable for the
expense of taking care of such person until removed; and it is the
duty of the overseer to notify the proper authorities of the fact. If
any person shall bring and leave any pauper in any county in this
State where such pauper had no legal residence, knowing him to be
such, he is liable to a fine of $100. In. counties under township
organization, the supervisors in each town are ex-officio overseers of
the poor. The overseers of the poor act under the directions of the
County Board in taking care of the poor and granting temporary re-
lief; also, in providing for non-resident persons not paupers who may
be taken sick and not able to pay their way, and, in case of death,
causing such person to be decently buried.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONVEYANCES.
When practicable from the nature of the ground, persons traveling
in any kind of vehicle must turn to the right of the center of the
road, so as to permit each carriage to pass without interfering with
the other. The penalty for a violation of this provision is $5 for every
offense, to be recovered by the party injured; but to recover, there
must have occurred some injury to person or property resulting from
the violation.
The owners of any carriage traveling upon any road in this State
for the conveyance of passengers, who shall employ or continue in
their employment as driver any person who is addicted to drunken-
ness, or the excessive use of spirituous liquors, after he has had notice
of the same, shall pay a forfeit at the rate of $5 per day; and if any
driver, while actually engaged in driving any such carriage, shall be
guilty of intoxication to such a degree as to endanger the safety of
passengers, it shall be the duty of the owner, on receiving written
notice of the fact, signed by one of the passengers, and certified by
him on oath, forthwith to discharge such driver. Jf such owner shall
have such driver in his employ within three months after such notice,
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 93
he is. liable for $5 per day for the time he shall keep said drivers in
his employment after receiving such notice.
Persons driving any carriage on any public highway are prohibited
from running their horses upon any occasion, under a penalty of a
fine not exceeding $10, or imprisonment not exceeding sixty days, at
the discretion of the court. Horses attached to any carriage used to
convey passengers for hire must be properly hitched, or the lines
placed in the hands of some other person, before the driver leaves
them for any purpose. For violaiion of this provision each driver
shall forfeit twenty dollars, to be recovered by action commenced
within six months.
It is understood by the term ''carriage'' herein to mean any car-
riage or vehicle used for the transportation of passengers, or goods,
or either of them.
WAGERS AND STAKEHOLDERS.
Wagers upon the result of an election have always been considered
as void, as being contrary to sound policy, and tending to impair the
purity of elections. Wagers as to the mode of playing, or as to the
result of any illegal game, as boxing, wrestling, cockfighting, etc.,
are void at common law.
Stakeholders must deliver the thing holden by them to the person
entitled to it, on demand. It is f'-equently questionable who is en-
titled to it. In case of an unlawful wager, although he may be justi-
fied for delivering the thing to the winner, by the express or implied
consent of the loser, yet if before the event has happened he has been
required by either party to give up the thing deposited with him by
such party, he is bound so to deliver it; or if, after the event has hap-
pened, the losing party gives notice to the stakeholder not to pay the
winner, a payment made to him afterwards will be made to him in
his own wrong, and the party who deposited the money or thing may
recover it from the stakeholder.
SUNDAY.
Labor of whatever kind, other than the household offices of daily
necessity, or other work of charity and necessity, on the first day of
the week, commonly called Sunday, is in general under penalty pro-
hibited; but all persons do not come under prohibition. If a con-
tract is commenced on .Sunday, but not completed until a subsequent
day, or if it merely grew out of a transaction which took place on
Sunday, it is not for this reason void. Thus, if a note is signed on
Sunday, its validity is not impaired if it be not delivered on that day.
94 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS.
$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly
placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means
now, United States currency. means pounds, English money. @
stands for at or to; ft> for pound; bbl. for barrel; and ^ for per
or ly the. Thus, butter sells at 20@30c. f ft, and flour at $6@10 f)
bbl. | stands for per cent., and % for number.
In the example " May 1 wheat sells at $1.05 @ 1.10, seller June,"
seller June means that the person who sells the wheat has the privi-
lege of delivering it at any time during the month of June. " Sell-
ing short" is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or
stock at a fixed price within a certain length of time, when the seller
has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling
"short" to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he
may buy and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are
termed " bears."
LEGAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or
sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made
to the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to wit:
Ibs. Ibs.
Apples, dried 24 Hemp seed 44
Barley 48 Hair (plastering) 8
Beans, white 60 Lime, unslacked 80
Beans, castor 46 Onions 57
Buckwheat 52 Oats 32
Bran 20 Potatoes, Irish 60
Blue-grass seed 14 Peaches, dried 33
Broom-coro seed 46 Potatoes, sweet 55
Coal, stove 80 Rye 56
Corn, in the ear 70 Salt, fine , 55
Corn, shelled 56 Salt, coarse 50
Corn meal 48 Turnips 55
Clover seed 60 Timothy seed 45
Flax seed 56 Wheat 60
GAME
Consists of birds and beasts of a wild nature, obtained by fowling
and hunting. It is imlawful to hunt, kill or in any manner to inter-
fere with deer, wild turkey, prairie chickens, partridge or pheasants
between the first day of January and the fifteenth day of August; or
any quail between the first day of January and the first day of Oc-
tober; or any wild goose, duck, Wilson snipe, brandt or other water
fowl, between the fifteenth day of April and the fifteenth day of Au-
gust, in each and every year. Penalty : Fine not less than $10 nor
more than $25, and cost of suit, and shall stand committed to a county
jail until fine is paid, but not exceeding ten days. It is unlawful to
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 95
hunt with gun, dog or net within the inclosed grounds or lands of
another without permission. Penalty: Fine not less than $3 and not
exceeding $100, to he paid into the school fund.
Fish are animals of a wild nature. No one has any property in
them until they are captured, and. like other wild animals, if, having
been taken, they escape and regain their liberty, the captor loses his
property in them. A person has no right to fish in the waters of an-
other, and acquires no property in the fish caught except by the own-
er's consent.
BEES.
Bees, while unreclaimed, are by nature wild animals. Those which
take up their abode in a Iree belong to the owner of the soil in which
the tree grows, if unreclaimed; but if reclaimed and identified they
belong to their former owner. If a swarm has flown from the hive
of A, they are his so long as they are in sight, and may easily be
taken; otherwise they become the property of the first occupant.
Merely finding on the land of another person a tree containing a
swarm of bees, and marking it, does not vest the property of the bees
in the finder. They do not become property until actually hived.
DOGS.
Dogs are animals of a domestic nature. The owner of a dog has
such property in him that he may maintain an action for an injury
to him, or to recover him when unlawfully taken away and kept by
another.
"When, in consequence of his vicious propensities, a dog becomes a
common nuisance, the owner may be indicted, and where one com-
mits an injury, if the owner had knowledge of his mischievous pro-
pensities, he is liable for the injury. A man has a right to keep a dog
to guard his premises, but not to put him at the entrance of his house,
because a person coming there on lawful business may be injured by
him, though there may be another entrance to the house. But if a
dog is chained and a visitor incautiously goes so near him that he is
bitten, he has no right of action against the owner.
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS.
Whoever shall wilfully overdrive, overload, overwork, torture, tor-
ment, beat, deprive of necessary and proper food, drink, or shelter, or
cruelly kill any such animal, or work an old, maimed, sick or dis-
abled animal, or keep any animal in an unnecessarily cruel manner,
for each and ever}' offense shall be liable to a fine of not less than $3
or more than $200, to be recovered on complaint before any justice of
96 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
the peace, or by indictment. The word " animal " used shall be taken
to mean any living creature.
UNITED STATES MAILS.
The following suggestions and rulings of the Post Office Department
in regard to the sending of matter through the- United States mails
will be found valuable. By giving careful attention to and closely
following them, almost perfect security from all delays and losses, and
the many little vexatious inquiries generally made by the public will
be avoided.
Make the address legible and complete, giving the name of the post-
office, county and state; the name of the street and the number of the
house, also, should always be given on letters addressed to cities where
letter-carriers are employed. Letters intended for places in foreign
countries should have the name of the country as well as the post-
office given in full.
See that every letter, newspaper or other packet sent by mail is se-
curely folded and fastened. Avoid using as much as possible cheap
envelopes made of thin paper, especially when containing more than
one sheet of paper.
Never send money or any other article of value through the mail,
except by means of a money order or in a registered letter. Every
letter sent should contain the full name and address of the writer,
with the county and State, in order to secure its return if the person
to whom it is directed cannot be found. Persons who have large corre-
spondence find it most convenient to use " special request envelopes,"
but those who only mail an occasional letter can avoid the trouble by
writing a request to " return if not delivered," etc., on the envelope.
Postage stamps should be placed upon the upper right hand corner
of the addressed side of all mail matter.
"Written matter in unsealed envelopes prepaid with only a one-cent
postage stamp wilt be held for postage.
Diplomas, commissions, certificates, etc., having written signatures
attached, circulars, having anything written thereon, are subiect to
postage at the rate of three cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof.
Stamps cut from stamped envelopes, mutilated postage stamps, and
internal revenue stamps, will not be accepted in payment for postage.
Letters deposited in a postoffice having such matter affixed are held
for postage.
To use, or attempt to use, in payment of postage a postage stamp,
or stamped envelope, or any stamp cut from such stamped envelopes,
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 97
which has been before used iii payment of postage, is punishable with
a fine of fifty dollars.
In using postal cards, be careful not to write or have anything
printed on the side to be used for the address, except the address; also
be careful not to attach anything to them. They are unmailable as
postal cards when these suggestions are disregarded.
No cards are " postal cards " except such as are issued by the Post
Office Department. In no case will unclaimed cards be returned to
the writer or sent to the Dead Letter Office. If not delivered within
sixty days from time of receipt they will be burned by the post-master.
To insure a letter being forwarded in the mails it must have not less
than three cents in postage stamps affixed.
After a letter has passed from the mailing office the delivering of
it cannot be delayed or prevented by the writer; but, if the writer
request the return of the letter, which has not left in the mail, the
post-master may deliver it, if he is satisfied that the party applying is
the writer.
A subscriber to a newspaper or periodical who changes his residence
and postoffice should at once notify the publishers of the change.
Printed matter, merchandise and other third-class matter cannot be
forwarded from the office to which it is addressed unless postage is
furnished for such purposes. A request to return indorsed on such
matter will not be regarded unless postage is furnished for the pur-
pose. A request to return written on such matter subjects the pack-
age to letter postage.
All packages mailed at less than letter postage should be wrapped
so that their contents can be readily ascertained without destroying
the wrapper.
Matter contained in sealed envelopes, notched at the ends, is sub-
ject to letter postage.
The sender of any article of the third class may write his or her
name or address therein, or on the outside thereof, with the word
" from " above or preceding the same, or may write or print on any
package the number and name of articles inclosed.
All losses should be promptly reported.
Packages of any description of mail matter may weigh not exceed-
ing four pounds.
RITES OF POSTAGE.
On letters, sealed packages, mail matter, wholly or partly in writ-
ing, except book manuscript and corrected proofs passing between au-
thors and publishers, and except local or drop letters, or postal cards;
7
98 ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS.
all printed matter so marked as to convey any other or further infor-
mation than is conveyed by the original print, except the correction
of mere typographical errors; all matter otherwise chargeable with
letter postage, but which is so wrapped or secured that it cannot be
conveniently examined by the post-masters without destroying the
wrapper or envelope; all packages containing matter not in itself
chargeable with letter postage, but in which is enclosed or concealed
any letter, memorandum, or other thing chargeable with letter post-
age, or upon which is any writing or memorandum; all matter to
which no specific rate of postage is assigned; and manuscript for pub-
lication in newspapers, magazines or periodicals, THREE CENTS FOR
EACH HALF OUNCE OR FRACTION TEIEREOF.
On local or drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carriers is
established, TWO CENTS FOR EACH HALF OUNCE OR FRACTION THEREOF.
On local or drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carriers is
not established, ONE CENT FOR EACH HALF OUNCE OR FRACTION THEREOF.
RATES OF POSTAGE ON THIRD-CLASS MATTER.
By act of July 12, 1876, third-class matter is divided as follows:
One cent for two ounces. Almanacs, books (printed), calendars,
catalogues, corrected proofs, hand-bills, magazines, when not sent to
regular subscribers, maps (lithographed or engraved), music (printed
sheet), newspapers, when nut sent to regular subscribers, occasional
publications, pamphlets, posters, proof-sheets, prospectuses, and regu-
lar publications designed primarily for advertising purposes, or for
free circulation, or for circulation at nominal rates.
One cent for each ounce. Blank books, blank cards, book manu-
script, card boards and other flexible materials, chromo-lithographs,
circulars, engravings, envelopes, flexible patterns, letter envelopes, let-
ter paper, lithographs, merchandise, models, ornamented paper, postal
cards, when sent in bulk and not addressed, photographic views, pho-
tographic paper, printed blanks, printed cards, sample cards, samples
of ores, metals, minerals, and merchandise, seeds, cuttings, bulbs,
roots and scions, and stereoscopic views.
Any article of mail matter, subject to postage at the rate of one
cent lor each ounce or fraction thereof, which may be enclosed in the
same package with items subject to the rate of one cent for each two
ounces or fraction thereof, will subject the entire package to the high-
est rate, viz. : one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof.
The following articles are unmailable:
Packages containing liquids, poisons, glass, explosive chemicals, live
animals, sharp pointed instruments, flour, sugar, or any other matter
liable to deface or destroy the ontents of the mail, or injure the per-
ABSTRACTS OF STATE LAWS. 99
son of any one connected with the service. All letters upon the en-
velope of which, or postal card upon which indecent, lewd, obscene,
or lascivious delineations, epithets, terms or language maybe written
or printed, or disloyal devices printed or engraved, and letters or cir-
culars concerning illegal lotteries so called, gift concerts or other simi-
lar enterprises offering prizes, or concerning schemes devised and in-
tended to deceive and defraud the public. Also, all obscene, lewd or
lascivious books, pamphlets, pictures, papers, prints or other publica-
tions of an indecent character.
REGISTERED MATTER.
The fee for registering a letter going anywhere in the United States
is fixed at ten cents in addition to the regular postage. Post-masters
are required to register all letters properly presented for that pur-
pose, but DO letters are to be registered on Sunday.
Registered letters will never be delivered to any person but the one
to whom they are addressed, or to one whom the post-master knows
to be authorized to receive them.
MONEY ORDERS.
The money-order system is intended to promote public convenience
and to secure safety in the transfer through the mails of small sums
of money. The principal means employed to attain safety consists
in leaving out of the order the name of the payee or person for whom
the money is intended. In this respect a money-order differs from
an ordinary bank draft or check. An advice or notification contain-
ing full particulars of the order is transmitted without delay by the
issuing post-master to the post-master at the office of payment. The
latter is thus furnished, before the order itself is presented, with in-
formation which will enable him to prevent its payment to any per-
son not entitled thereto, provided the remitter complies with the regu-
lation of the Department, which prohibits him from sending the same
information in a letter inclosed with his order.
Under no circumstances can payment of an order be demanded on
the day of its issue. The fees or charges for money-orders will be as
follows:
On orders not exceeding $15 10 cents
On orders over $15 and not exceeding $30 15 cents
On orders over $30 and not exceeding $40 20 cents
On orders over $40 and not exceeding $50 25 cents
When a larger sum than $50 is required, additional orders to make
it up must be obtained. But post-masters are instructed to refuse to
issue in one day, to the same remitter and in favor of the same payee,
more than three money-orders payable at the same postoffice.
100 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
EARLY SETTLEMENT.
A little over a half century ago the territory now embraced within
the limits of Knox county was in a state of nature. Scarcely a white
man, except hunters and traders, had ever crossed its fertile prairies.
It was a wild region and uninhabited save by the wild beasts of forest
and prairie, and roving bands of Indians, whose trails were found
here and there over prairie and through timber, from village to vil-
la<*e, of wigwams. Herds of deer, packs of wolves and other wild
animals roamed at will. The buffalo had been driven by the Indians
farther west, although their bones were found here and there scattered
over the prairie. Since then wonderful and unparalleled have been
the changes that have taken place.
Fifty years have passed since Daniel and Alexander Robertson,
Richard. Mathews, Jacob Gum and his sons, John B., James and
Zephaniah, Riggs Pennington, Stephen Osborn, Eaton and Robert
Nance, Benjamin Coy, Alexander Frakes, Robert Greenwell, Thomas
Sheldon, Nicholas Yoiles, Mrs. Jennie Vaughn, and John, her son,
Jesse D. Gum, James Reynolds, Andrew and Alexander Osborn, M.
D. Coy and Thomas McKee came to this county to found homes, all
of them settling in Henderson township. Of this number but two
are living in the county at the present time; and as there were no
written records kept, as a natural consequence, a great many early in-
cidents of local importance at the time of their happening are lost to
the memory of the oldest surviving settlers; or, if not entirely lost,
have become so confused with the multiplicity of accumulating cares,
that to extricate an accurate account of them from time's rubbish,
and preserve them in printed pages, so they may be seen now as they
were then, will require a most critical exercise of mind and pen. As
near as is possible ever to obtain, we give a correct sketch, taking
great care properly to secure names, dates and locations, and we be-
lieve the early history of the county is as full and complete as could
have been compiled.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 101
Daniel and Alexander Robertson, and their brother-iri-law, Richard
Mathews, were the first to locate in the county of Knox. The two
former were single men, but remained so but a short time, as we find
the first marriage license issued, by the Clerk of the county, was to
Daniel Robertson. Alexander was married shortly afterward, and in
1848 died. His daughter is the wife of John Junk, and has resided
all her life on the farm where her father settled and died and where
she was born. Richard Mathews remained here but a short time,
and then returned to Morgan county, settling near Urns villa, where
in 1876 he died.
The Robertson brothers first settled on the northeast quarter of
section 15, Henderson township, where the soil of Knox county was
first cultivated by a white man. At present Daniel lives on the
southwest quarter of section 11 of the same township. He was un-
able to get legal possession of the land originally settled upon, and
was compelled to remove. In the early settlement of the Military
Tract great annoyance was experienced by the pioneers from parties
having tax titles, grants, patents, etc., of the land. Thus it was with
the piece of land Mr. Robertson first located. A man by the. name
of Baker, whose wife's father had an interest in or a claim upon this
land, came along one evening and asked to stay over night. This
privilege was cheerfully granted him. On the following morning he
asserted his right to the land. He refused to leave the house. In
an altercation which Daniel Robertson had with him over this land
Baker shot at Robertson, but fortunately missed him. Robertson ran
to the house after his gun, but his wife, fearing something fatal, kept
it from him. It would seem that with such vast expanse of wild
land there would be no difficulty in regard to a small field.
Daniel Robertson, the first settler of the county, and who at pres-
ent is hale and stout, and does considerable work on his farm, was
born in Scotland, June 12, 1804. He was brought by his parents to
the United States when only four weeks old. They settled near Lake
George, New York. In 1820 his father came to the newly organized
State of Illinois, settling in Madison county. In 1821 he went to
Morgan county, from whence in a few years his two sons Daniel and
Alexander went into Schuyler county, where they followed the busi-
ness of raising hogs. The Galena trail went through Schuyler and
Knox counties, and travelers were passing to and fro much of the
time. Some of them told the Robertsons of the fine country in this
county. They reported it as the best through which the trail passed.
Time has since verified the assertion of these early miners. The
winter of 1827--8, acting upon the advice of strangers, they concluded
102 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
to remove here. After some preparations they set out, in. the latter
part of February, 1828, for the unsettled country, with two yoke of
oxen to their " prairie schooner" wagon, and with 80 head of hogs.
Arriving after a weary journey, they pitched their tent and com-
menced farming. Among the few rude implements they brought
with them was a plow, the first to turn the soil of Knox county so far
as knu\vn, except the still more rude implements of the Indians, who
had cultivated little fields here and there over the county. This plow
is still, in the possession of Mr. Daniel Robertson, in a good state of
preservation, and a relic worthy of more than a passing notice. How
different is this antique implement from those in use at the present
time! It was made after the most improved pattern, and at the time
was a model worthy of imitation. It is what is known as the "Bar-
share" plow, and in construction consumed a great amount of timber.
The beam is 8 feet long and 16 inches in circumference. The
wooden mold-board is 3 feet 4 inches long, about 10 inches wide and
4 inches thick, and is made of oak. The wrought-iron share, about
the only piece of iron about it, is 4 feet. 4 inches long, although cut-
ting but a 16-inch furrow. To make it more unique it is only from
14 to 16 inches high. With this ancient plow they prepared a few
acres of ground and planted corn, which yielded forty bushels to the
acre, thus enabling them to supply the immigrants as they came, and
to " give the hogs a taste now and then," as Mr. Robertson remarked
to us.
These animals subsisted mostly upon acorns and other nuts found
in the timber. Considerable trouble was at first experienced with
the Indian dogs, which would kill the pigs and make the hogs
" homesick." These dogs were similar in many respects to the wolf,
and were quite as mischievous and troublesome.
Of the pioneers of 1828 Daniel Robertson and Thomas McKee are
the only two now residents of Knox county. Almost all the others
have finished their earthly career, and their names and deeds deserve
much honor from each citizen of the county, for they each and all as
early settlers endured the trials and hardships of a new and wild
country, to lay the foundation for future greatness and make a more
beautiful, cultivated county. Their memories should be perpetuated
and handed down to posterity, who, when the country's'age is told
by centuries and its population by hundreds of thousands, will read
with greater interest of those that opened the way for them to ad-
vance in learning, culture, wealth and other ways. Future gener-
ations should fully know and appreciate those who began the work of
settling and changing a wild, unsettled and uncultiVated county as
Knox once was, to what it now is.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 103
Jacob Gum and his sons settled upon sections 32 and 33. Jacob
was a minister of the gospel, and seldom failed to preach on Sunday;
and although we may know his congregation was not large, nor did
they assemble in a beautifully frescoed auditorium with cushioned
pews and floor richly carpeted, yet the truth was just as earnestly
preached and as gratefully received as to-day, for Elder Gum was an
earnest worker and in his day wielded much influence for good. He
*/ c>
was a member of the Regular Baptist Church, but finally united
with the Christian Church, in which denomination he remained a de-
voted member and an earnest, zealous laborer in his Master's cause,
until called to dwell with Him on the shores of eternity, his death
occurring many years ago in this county.
His sons Jesse and Zephaniah died in Missouri; John died in Cali-
fornia; but James is living in that State at the present time. Riggs
Pennington settled on section 10, from which place he moved to sec-
tion 27, from thence to Texas in 1836, where he died. Stephen Os-
born settled on section 23. He died at Henderson. Alexander
Frakes and the Nance brothers settled on section 9. Frakes after-
ward moved to Oregon, where he died. Eaton Nance is living in
Missouri, but his brother Robert died in Cass county, Illinois. Ben-
jamin Coy settled on section 31, and died in this county. M. D. Coy
died in Iowa. Robert Green well settled on section 15, but afterward
removed to Missouri, where he died. Nicholas Yoiles settled on sec-
tion 22, but moved to Texas, where he died about 1852. Mrs.
Vaughn, familiarly known as " Aunt Jennie," lived on section 33,
and died in this county. John, her son, is still living, having no
permanent home. James Reynolds died in this county. Alexander
Osborn is still living, with his wife, whom he married in 1829,
theirs being the first marriage in Knox county. They are now re-
siding in Kansas. Andrew Osborn also resides in the same State.
Thomas Sheldon resided in this county but one winter, when he
went to Rock Island, where he died in June, 1829. He left a widow
and four small children. In a wild, uncultivated country, where
physical labor is required, a woman with a family of small children
would undergo much suffering. The settlers of Knox soon heard of
the death of Mr. Sheldon, and imrnediateLy two of their number went
to ascertain the condition of the family. In September they con-
cluded to bring his widow to their own settlement at Henderson that
they might care for her, and accordingly sent Thomas McKee with
two yoke of oxen to bring her and her effects. The few settlers of
Rock Island had been very kind to the widow, and had provided her
with provisions for the winter, among which was a barrel of flour
104: HISTOKY OF KNOX COUNTY.
and a barrel of meat. Thomas McKee was at the time but nineteen
years of age, but was a hardy frontier boy, and scarcely knew what
hardships were; but lie certainly experienced many on this trip of
four days. He came to Rock river on his return, and there being no
bridges or ferries, it must be forded. This he did, which without
guide was a dangerous task. He came on to Mill creek, crossing it
safely, but a little this side his wagon sunk so deep in the rnud that
his oxen in a desperate attempt to pull it out broke the neck-yoke.
This was very discouraging, but young McKee immediately started
back for Rock Island afoot for another yoke. This lie obtained, and
soon returned, reaching his wag<>n about dark. They were obliged to
remain there all night, when a heavy rain fell and the water rose up
nearly to the bed of the wagon. The following morning he unloaded
his wagon and " pulled out" He says, to-day, it is a great wonder
to him how he ever managed to load the barrel of meat, as the lady
was in a condition which unfitted her for lending any assistance in
lifting. They came on farther and stalled again, and again unloaded
every article. At Edwards river he stuck again, the oxen being un-
able to get up the rather steep embankment. He again unloaded
every article, and then had to carry and roll each up the bank to the
wagon. Coming on into Rio township, this county, about dark, he
came to a slough, where he remained over night.
He finally arrived home, after a most laborious journey of four days.
We speak of this trip in detail, to illustrate the manner and mode of
traveling in the time of the early settlement of the county. Without
road or guide the pionears roamed the prairies and timber with their
slow but faithful oxen. At this time there was but one traveled road
in the county, the one running from Peoria to Galena, through Yic-
toria and Walnut Grove townships. This was the old " Galena trail"
or " State road," by which terms it was familiarly known.
Mrs. Sheldon and family returned to Kentucky the following year.
Thomas McKee is a resident of Galesburg, where he holds the offices
of Justice of the Peace and Supervisor; and although a strong Demo-
crat and the recognized leader of that party in this county, his per-
sonal popularity is so great that even in the Republican stronghold
of Galesburg he scarcely finds opposition. There is perhaps no citi-
zen of the county so well and favorably known as he, and but few if
any whose acquaintance is so extensive.
In 1829 but few additions were made to the spare settlement at
Henderson. Now and then a new-comer would be welcomed.
Among the number were Dr. Charles Hansford* and John G. San-
burn.* The former was the first physician in the county, and for many
* See biographical sketches.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 105
years perhaps the most popular man of the coutny; and the latter
opened the first stock of general merchandise, and also became one of
the'rnost popular men the county ever knew. There also came James
and "William McMurtry, Jonathan Reed, William Lewis, Solomon
Davis and Thomas Maxwell; all of whom prominently figured in the
early history of the county, and one of whom afterward received the
greatest official honors ever conferred upon a citizen of Knox county.
Mrs. Elizabeth Owen, a widow lady, witli her son Parnach, and two
daughters, came in the fall of this year, 1829, and settled in Haw
Creek township. These were the first settlers to locate outside of
Henderson, save a rather singular genius named Palmer, who stopped
south east of Maquon in 1828. It cannot be claimed for Palmer that
he was really a settler, for he did not expect to remain, and he never
fenced or made any effort to improve the land. He was a profes-
sional bee-hunter, and as such traveled in advance of civilization. He
lived at the place referred to but a short time, when he went farther
west; but while near Maquon he cultivated the hills made by the
Indians the year previous on the bottom lands of Spoon river.
It may seem strange that a widow lady should be the first to locate
in a large region of country where the foot of white man had scarcely
trod. It was the strong attachment she had for her son that led her
to the western wilds of Knox county. He was determined to seek a
home in the new country, and rather than see him go alone she
joined him and located here. She died in Knoxville in 1839. Her
two daughters are still living. one the widow of the late John G.
Sanburn, residing in Knoxville, the other the wife of Dr. E. D. Rice
of Lewistown. Parnach Owen took an active part in the early history
of the county. He did the first local surveying, and was one of the
contractors for the construction of the first court-house. He went
from this to McDonough county, thence to Iowa, and he died in
Allamakee county in that State in 1845.
In 1830 the population increased rapidly. Fraker, Owen and
Fitch settled in Lynn township, in the edge of a beautiful grove
which since has been known as Fraker's Grove. These were the first
settlers in the northeastern part of the county. Mr. Fraker had pur-
chased several quarter sections before coming to the country, upon a
portion of which he discovered an Indian town. His coming naturally
aroused the Indians, and a great controversy arose between them con-
cerning the possession of the land, the Indians claiming that their title
came directly from God Almighty, while Mr. Fraker based his claim on
patents he held from the Government. The Indians, however, after
much parleying, concluded to leave. They moved to Indian Creek, some
106 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
seven miles east, and built another village. They remained quite
friendly with Mr. Fraker, and often came over to visit him, who was al-
ways glad to see even an Indian. Soon the Indians adopted the habit
of coming to the grove in the spring to make sugar and raise their
squaw corn and vegetables, and thon would return west in the fall
to new hunting-grounds.
Some travelers passed by Mr. Fraker's, going northwest through
Walnut Grove, where they saw Jones and De Hart, two settlers who
came here shortly after the Frakers settled in Lynn. They were in-
formed by the travelers of the settlers at Fraker's Grove, who were
not aware' of having neighbors nearer than Henderson; and the
Frakers, Fitches and Frasiers were greatly surprised on the following
Sunday morning upon seeing Mr. De Hart, his wife and two children
drive up in their two- wheeled cart, with a dry-goods box on, and
drawn by oxen. These were the first white visitors except travelers
that ever called at the settlement. Mrs. Fraker had not seen a white
woman, except those of their own company, after coming to the grove.
KNOX COUNTY.
In 1830 it was thought that a sufficient number of inhabitants were
living in this section to have the county organized, which accordingly
was accomplished without any unnecessary delay. The law required
a county to contain 350 legal voters before an organization could be
effected, yet there were scarcely that number even of individuals
within the boundaries of Knox county when organized. On the ad-
mission of Illinois into the Union, what is now Knox county was a
part of Madison county. Afterwards by an act of the Legislature,
approved June 30, 1821, it was placed within the boundaries of
Pike, which is the oldest county in the Military Tract. It then em-
braced the whole country north and west of the Illinois river. By a
subsequent act, approved February 10, 1826, its present boundaries
were determined, and it was attached to Fulton county for judicial
and recording purposes. On the 3d day of July, 1830, by an order of
Judge Young, an election was held for the purpose of selecting three
commissioners, and on the 7th they met and completed the organiza-
tion of Knox county, for a detailed account of which we refer our
readers to the following chapter.
We will state in this connection that, when the county was organ-
ized in 1830, townships 12 and 13 north, range 5 east, were included
within the boundaries of Knox county. This act of the Legislature
was approved January 15, 1831. In 1837, when Stark county was or-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 107
ganized, these two townships were severed from this county and
included in that. The town of La Fayette, Stark count}', is located
within this section, and consequently was originally in Knox comity.
It was through the instrumentality of Riggs Pennington that the
two townships referred to were attached to this county. There was
a beautiful grove within the territory, which he thought would add
materially to the wealth of the county, and be a counterpart to the
delightful forest in Lynn township, subsequently known as Fraker's
Grove. Pennington was almost a regular attendant upon the Legis-
lature, although not a member. He wielded no little influence among
the Representatives, and therefore when he wanted the section alluded
to attached to his county his request was granted without delay.
In 1837 an attempt was made to divide Knox county for the forma r
tion of Coffee county. Bat little interest was taken in the matter by
the people residing in the western portion of the county, as it was a
move especially concerning the residents of the eastern section. On
the 10th day of April of that year, an election was held to vote for or
against the division of the county, and the formation of Coffee county.
There were 263 votes cast, 77 of which were for the measure, and 186
against it.
The " Military Tract" comprises all the land between the Illinois
and the Mississippi rivers, south of the north line of Bureau and
Henry counties. It is so called because much of it was " patented
by the Government, in quarter sections, to soldiers of the war of 1812.
There was scarcely a soldier in that early day who counted his land
of much value, and ever thought to occupy it himself; but immi-
grants came in, entered Government lands and "squatted" on
"patent" or military land, improved it, and thus rendered it valuable.
It was seldom that a "patentee" could be found at the time of settle-
ment, and many of the early settlers presumed that the owner never
would be known; but in many instances, after a patent quarter-sec-
tion was made valuable by improvement, the original patent would be
brought on by some one, who would oust the occupant and take pos-
session, sometimes paying him something for his improvements and
sometimes not. Many holders of patents had no pity. This con-
dition of affairs presented a temptation to merciless "land- sharks,"
who would come into this section and work up cases, ostensibly for
the original patentees, but really for their own pockets.
The most notorious of these was one Toliver Craig, who actually
made it a business to forge patents and deeds. This he carried on
extensive!} from 1847 to 185-i, especially in Knox and Fulton coun-
ties. He had 40 bogus deeds put on record in one day at Knoxville.
>3
108 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
He was arrested in New York State in 1854, by II. M. Boggess of
Monmouth, and taken to the jail at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he at-
tempted suicide by arsenic; but at the end of a year lie was released
on bail.
When the Military Tract was laid off into counties, most of them
were named in honor of military heroes of the nation. This county
was christened in honor of the brave statesman-general, Henry Knox.
The following is a brief personal sketch of him whose name this county
now wears:
Henry Knox, an American general and statesman, commander of
the artillery during the Revolution, and Secretary of War under Wash-
ington, was born in Boston, July 25, 1750, and died in Thomaston,
Me., October 25, 1806. He was of Scotch and Irish Presbyterian
stock, and his father came from St. Eustatius, one of the British West
India islands. He received the common school education of his time
in Boston, and was remarked as a youth of fine abilities and generous
disposition, fond of the heroic examples of former ages, and, accord-
ing to Dr. Eliot (who was nearly his cotemporary), giving constant
prestige of future eminence.
General Knox played a most important part in the revolutionary
struggle for liberty, and was admired and beloved by Washington^
and like him, after a long, active, and eminently successful public
career, retired to private life. Gen. Knox was large in person, of a
robust and athletic frame, enterprising arid resolute in character, of a
generous, buoyant and social disposition, cordially appreciated and
beloved by friends, possessing unquestionable integrity, unsurpassed
energy, and a mind liberally cultivated by study.
Knox County is about equally divided between timber and prairie
land, the northern tier of townships being mainly prairie, while the
southeastern, along Spoon river, is chiefly timber. In sketches of
townships this feature will be noticed more at length. It is situated
on the very height of the divide between the Mississippi and the Illi-
nois rivers, with the 41st parallel of north latitude running very nearly
through its center. It is well drained by streams running east and
west from the central divide, and perhaps con tains more high, dry and
exceedingly rich and fertile lands, susceptible of producing all the
grains and fruits common to this latitude, than the same number of
acres lying in a body anywhere on the face of the globe. The soil is
underlaid with a good quality of coal and building stone, and for a
healthy climate Knox county has no superior and few equals.
The large prairies of the county presented a most beautiful sight
before they were settled. The following very descriptive lines on
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 109
4 ' The Prairies of Illinois," by Captain Basil Hail, portrays their beauty
in their wild and native state:
"The charm of a prairie consists in its extension, its green, flowery
carpet, its undulating surface, and the skirt o forest whereby it is
surrounded; the latter feature being of all others the most significant
and expressive, since it characterizes the landscape, and defines the
form and boundary of the plain. If the prairie is little, its greatest
beauty consists in the vicinity of the encompassing edge of forests,
which may be compared to the shores of a lake, being intersected with
many deep, inward bends, as so many inlets, and at intervals project-
ing very far, not unlike a promontory or protruding arm of land.
These projections sometimes so closely approach each other that the
traveler passing^ through between them, may be said to walk in the
midst of an alley overshadowed by the forest, before he enters again
upon another broad prairie. Where the plain is extensive, the delin-
eations of the forest in the distant background appear as would a
misty ocean beach afar off. The eye sometimes surveys the green
prairie without discovering on the illimitable plain a tree or bush, or
any other object, save the wilderness of flowers and grass, while on other
occasions the view is enlivened by the groves dispersed like islands
over the plain, or by a solitary tree rising above the wilderness. The
resemblance to the sea which some of these prairies exhibited, was
really most striking. In the spring, when the young grass has just
clothed the soil with a soddy carpet of the most delicate green, but
especially when the sun, rising behind a distant elevation of the
ground, its rays are reflected by myriads of dew drops, a more pleas-
ing and more eye-benefiting view cannot be imagined.
" The delightful aspect of the prairie, its amenities, and the absence
of that sombre awe inspired by forests, contributes to forcing away,
that sentiment of loneliness, which usually steals upon the mind of
the solitary wanderer in the wilderness; for, although he espies no
habitation, and sees no human being, and knows himself to be far off
from every settlement of man, he can scarcely defend himself from
believing that he is traveling through a landscape embellished by hu-
man art. The flowers are so delicate and elegant as apparently to be
distributed for mere ornament over the plain; the groves and groups
of trees seem to be dispersed over the prairie to enliven the landscape,
and we can scarcely get rid of the impression invading our imagina-
tion, of the whole scene being flung out and created for the satisfac-
tion of the sentiment of beauty in refined men.
"In the summer the prairie is covered with tall grass, which is
coarse in appearance, and soon assumes a yellow color, waving in the
110 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
wind like a ripe crop of corn. In the early stages of its growth it
resembles young wheat, and in this state furnishes such rich and suc-
culent food for cattle that the latter choose it often in preference to
wheat, it being no doubt a very congenial fodder to them, since it is
impossible to conceive of better butter than is made while the grass
is in this stage.
"In the early stages of its growth the grass is interspersed with
little flowers, the violet, the strawberry-blossom, and others of the
most delicate structure. When the grass grows higher these disap-
pear, and taller flowers, displaying more lively colors, take their place;
and still later a series of still higher but less delicately formed flowers
appears on the surface. While the grass is green these beautiful plains
are adorned with every imaginable variety of color. It is impossible
to conceive of a greater diversity, or discover a predominating color,
save the green, which forms a beautiful dead color, relieving the splen-
dor of the others. In the summer the plants grow taller, and the
colors more lively; in the autumn another generation of flowers arises
which possesses less clearness and variety of color and less fragrancy.
In the winter the prairie presents a melancholy aspect. Often the
fire, which the hunters annually send over the prairies in order to dis-
lodge the game, will destroy the entire vegetation, giving to the soil
a uniform black appearance, like that of a vast plain of charcoal; then
the wind sweeping over the prairie will find nothing which it might
put in motion, no leaves which it might disperse, no haulms which
it might shake. No sooner does the snow commence to fall than the
animals, unless already before frightened away by the fire, retire into
the forests, when the most dreary, oppressive solitude will reign on
the burnt prairies, which often occupy many square miles of territory."
PKAIRIE FIRES.
Annual prairie fires would visit the prairies in the autumn. The
settlers who had pushed out from the timber took great precaution to
prevent their crops, houses and barns from being destroyed, yet not
always did they succeed. Many incidents are related of prairie fires.
In 1831 Thomas Maxwell had succeeded in getting his wheat threshed
and stored into a rail pen, when a prairie fire came along and totally
destroyed his grain. His son, Henry, in attempting to save it by
*' burning ahead," or "back-firing," got his back badly scorched. A
more serious case was that of Mr. William Lake, of F raker's Grove,
who was returning from the mill at Hennepin, Putnam County, when
he was overtaken by a prairie fire. IJis horses turned and run with
the fire. Mr. Lake, seeing he could not save his team, as they had
SECTIONAL VIEW OF LA SALLE STREET TUNNEL, CHICAGO.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 113
become unmanageable, jumped from his wagon upon the burnt and
blackened ground. He ran on to recover the horses if possible, and,
after going some two or three miles, came up to them and found one
horse dead, and the other so badly burned that his usefulness was
greatly impaired. His wagon and its contents were entirely consumed.
The tire, though presenting a scene of sublimity, was as if the de-
stroying angel had flown abroad, crying in terror-stricken tones while
breathing tempests of fire and smoke from his nostrils, changing a
scene of so much brilliance, which the prairies presented but a few
minutes before, into a dark, charred mass.
The great conflagrations were caused either accidentally, or design-
edly from waiftonness, or with a view of bewildering the game. We
find on the Circuit Court records that David Ogden and Mathew Her-
bert were indicted on the 21st day of December, 1845, for burning
prairies. The following day John Matlock and Nelson Case were in-
dicted for the same offense. Bail was given to the amount of $100
each. Herbert jumped his bail, but was subsequently brought to
trial, and with the other three fined $5 and costs. This was not an
uncommon offense for which men were brought before the court to
answer.
The fire often spread further than it was intended it should. Where-
ever were extensive prairie lands, one-half was burned in the spring
and the other half in the autumn, in order to produce a more rapid
growth of the naturally exuberant grass, destroying at the same time
the tall and thick weed stalks. Violent winds would often arise and
drive the flames with such rapidity that riders on the fleetest steeds
could scarcely escape. On the approach of a prairie fire the farmer
would immediately set about " burning back," that is, burning off
the grass close by the fences, that the larger fire upon arriving would
become extinguished for want of aliment. In order to be able, how-
ever, to make proper use of this measure of safety, it was very essen-
tial that every farmer should encompass with a ditch those of his
fences adjoining the prairie. When known that the conflagration
could cause no danger, the settler, though accustomed to them, could
not refrain from gazing with admiration upon the magnificent specta-
cle. Language cannot convey, words cannot express, the faintest idea
of the splendor and grandeur of such a conflagration during the night.
It was as if the pale queen of night, disdaining to take her accus-
tomed place in the heavens, had dispatched myriads upon myriads of
messengers to light their torches at the altar of the setting sun until
all had flashed into one long and continuous blaze.
114 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
" 0, fly to the prairies and in wonder gaze,
As o'er the grass sweeps the magnificent blaze :
The earth cannot boast so magnificent a sight,
A continent blazing with oceans of light."
The following graphic description of prairie fires was written by a
traveler through this region in 1849:
" Soon the fires began to kindle wider and rise higher from the long
grass; the gentle breeze increased to stronger currents, and soon fanned
the small, flickering blaze into fierce torrent-flames, which curled up
and leaped along in resistless splendor; and like quickly raising the
dark curtain from the luminous stage, the scenes before me were sud-
denly changed, as if by the magician's wand, into one boundless am-
phitheater, blazing from earth to heaven and sweeping the horizon
round, columns of lurid flames sportively mounting up to the zenith,
and dark clouds of crimson smoke curling away and aloft till they
nearly obscured stars and moon, while the rushing, crashing sounds,
like roaring cataracts mingled with distant thunders, were almost deaf-
ening; danger, death, glared all around; it screamed for victims; yet,
notwithstanding the imminent peril of prairie fires, one is loth, irres-
olute, almost unable to withdraw or seek refuge."
The following poem appeared in the Rnoxville Journal of- March
27, 1850. It was written for that paper by "Flora" of Alstead, N.
H., on seeing a notice of a railroad meeting, in the Journal of De-
cember 12, 1849. It so beautifully and graphically pictures the
grandeur, the magnificence and splendor of the vast prairies of Knox
county as they were when cultivated by nature's hand, and being pre-
pared especially for that excellent pioneer paper, and as it also refers
to the building of the first railroad over the fertile prairies of Knox,
we deem it well to give it in full. It is entitled
RECOLLECTIONS OF THE WEST.
Tho' many a lingering year has passed away
Since last I saw thee, yes, and many a day
Of grief, yet mem'ry still retains a zest
Of thee, ye lovely prairies of the West !
I've often rambled o'er thy verdant lawns,
Where bound the wild deer with the playful fawns;
Where every breeze wafts fragrance and delight,
And every prospect charms the wandering sight ;
I've seen thee clothed in thy rich, vernal dyes;
At every step new beauties met my eyes,
From where the sun first darts his morning rays,
To where he sinks in yonder deep, blue haze;
As on I slroll'd, through a long, bright day,
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 115
Before me still, thou slretchest far away,
Beyond the utmost limits of my ken ;
1'erhaps, methought, beyond the haunts of men,
Save the wild savage, and his wilder steed,
Who courses o'er thee with the lightning speed,
Pursuing still his wonted daily sport,
Where'er the timorous, harmless deer resort,
With murd'rous weapons, and a murcl'rous heart,
An eagle eye, he hurls the deadly dart,
And brings the fated victim to the ground.
Poor, helpless creature f thou hast thine death-wound ;
Oh, cruel sport ! could I thy life defend,
(Like Cowper's hare,) thou too should'st have a friend.
But I have wander'd. Say, ye fairy grounds,
Where is your termination '? where your bounds ?
No dense, dark forest, hill, or deep ravine,
Obstructs thy progress, naughtto intervene
Thy onward course. Where'er I turn my eyes
There springs a lily; here the wild pink vies
With clustering roses, and the rich blue bell,
The morning glories, and the daffodil,
And countless others ; how and whence they came,
I leave for botanists to tell and name ;
Ye lay before me, spreading far and wide,
From Illinois to Mississippi's t : de,
One boundless picture, drawn by nature's skill ;
'Twere vain to imitate, let try who wijl.
I've lingered long amid your magic scenes,
Which savor'd more of truth than poets' dreams.
But list, ye fiow'rets, there's a secret plot,
To mar your beauty and to spread a blot
O'er your fair features, now so fresh with bloom,
Breathing on all around your sweet perfume ;
Beauty is potent, and perchance you doubt it,
But mark my words, there's no mistake about it ;
Tho' thou hast laid thy scenes far from the ocean, J-
Thy Sucker friends have took the Yankee notion
Of making railroads all the wide world over,
That he who chooses soon may be a rover ;
Fame says the tune has turned, and we believe her,
Your Western folks have caught the Eastern lever ;
Tho' now you grow in wild and sweet profusion,
Yet soon they'll put their plan in execution.
The whole fraternity are now array'd
To crush your freedom, and your rights invade ;
For men who love to ride the iron rod,
Will lay you lifeless soon beneath the sod ;
They'll crush you with the ponderous, iron railing,
In spite of all your weeping and your wailing.
Ye rural beauties, you must disappear ;
Yield your possessions to the engineer.
Henceforth no more the wild and playful deer
8
116 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Shall o'er your meadows bound ;
But rattling, rumbling cars, with ceaseless steam,
And magic speed, propelled by Vulcan's team,
Whose whips and spurs are fire and smoke and steam,
Sball occupy your ground.
THE BIG SNOW.
The big snow of 1830 will be vividly remembered by all the old
settlers. This was the heaviest snow ever known to have fallen in this
State. The snow began falling on the night of the 29th of December,
and continued to fall for three days and nights, until it reached an
average depth of about four feet, but drifting in places as high as from
eighteen to twenty feet. Great suffering was experienced in conse-
quence. The settlers relied for their daily food upon the Indian corn
which they were enabled to raise, together with wild game, which
was abundant at that time. Plenty of the former was raised to sup-
ply the wants of all until the next season's crop; but when the snow
fell very little had been gathered. Game could not be had. The
great depth of snow was a barrier to all travel, and it may well be
imagined the sufferings of the people were very great indeed. Just
previous to the falling of this snow John G. Sanburn and Parnach
Owen went to Vandalia, then the State capital. Owen had not made
such preparations at home before he left that would permit him to
remain away any extended time, so he set out to return for this
county on horseback. In company with him was a Mr. Wright, of
Canton, and a member of the Legislature at the time. The snow was
so deep, and every trail so completely obliterated, that they got lost.
They could not turn back and retrace their steps, as no indication
whatever remained of their track five minutes after passing along.
No house or shelter of any description was near, and the perils of the
night, which was fast approaching, were almost certain death if they
remained there. To make their situation more appalling, when com-
ing across a large prairie in Fulton county their horses suddenly gave
out, utterly refusing to move a step. To remain there would be only
to freeze to death; so they determined to proceed on foot, and, taking
the saddles off their wearied animals, they laid them on the snow and
started on. The snow was so deep and the crust so thin 'that they
would often break through, making progress slow and tiresome; but
probably this action was the only thing which prevented them from
freezing to death. At last Canton was reached, but not until the feet
of Owen were very badly frozen; indeed, his boots were frozen so
tightly to his feet that they could not be taken off until bathed in
water for some time. The following morning a man was dispatched
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 11 f
after the horses, and they were found standing in the same positions
and places in which they were left the day before. Owen was com-
pelled to remain at Canton for several days, when, after his feet were
in a fit condition, he caine to his home near Knoxville on snow-shoes,
that being almost the only mode of travel practicable at that time.
The snow lay on the ground until about the first of April; and we
have little doubt that many a weary one during that long winter
sighed for the comforts of the "old home;" still, notwithstanding its
great dreariness and the greater sufferings of the people, none became
disheartened, for we find them in the spring of 1831 as determined
as ever to carve out for themselves a home in this truly beautiful
country.
GOING TO MARKET.
The early settlers experienced great trouble in marketing their pro-
duce. Grain was generally carted to Chicago, especially from the
northern part of the county, until the introduction of railroads.
Peoria was also a market, but more particularly from the western and
southern parts of the county; yet grain and hogs have been marketed
in Chicago from all parts of the county. Of course it took several
days to make the trip; and as there were few good hotels along
the route, the farmers generally slept in their wagons and prepared
their own meals along the road. Their cooking utensils consisted
usually of a frying-pan and a coffee-pot, and their bill of fare would
be hot coffee, bread and fried bacon. At that time Chicago was
nothing better than a great, overgrown village, set down in what ap-
peared to be the lowest and muddiest spot in creation. The farmers
unloaded into a hopper, and the elevators were no better than will
usually be seen in most country towns. At times when roads were
good and prices a little up there was often a big rush ; and as they slowly
unloaded and advanced the length of one team at a time, the unlucky
farmer would sometimes be delayed several hours before he could get
his grain into the hopper and the cash therefor into his pocket.
The price for wheat in Chicago ranged from forty cents to a dollar
and twenty cents a bushel, but it seldom reached as high as a dollar:
it generally ranged at fifty or sixty cents. The farmers were not in
any danger of becoming suddenly rich by selling their wheat at these
prices and carting it to Chicago; yet all enjoyed such trips, for many
things occurred on the way that make the old men, in now rehearsing
them, wish they were young again, and could once more repeat them
as of old.
About 1842, while Jonathan Gibbs with several others were on their
118 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
\
way to Chicago with wheat, and were sleeping in and about their
wagons, they were awakened before break of day by a man on his re-
turn trip, who called oat, as he came in sight of the sleepers: " Hoi
all ye who are drawing wheat to Chicago for forty-seven cents a bushel,
you should be up and rolling on your way."
Gaddial Scott, John Martz, Andrew Osborn, a Mr. Field and others,
made a trip to Chicago one fall. They could get but twenty-live cents
a bushel for their wheat in this county; so they thought they would
try the Chicago market, which was considerably better for them, as
they received sixty-five cents a bushel, which they then regarded as a
large price, although they were eleven days and a half in making the
trip. Allowing thirty bushels to the load, we find they received
$19.50 for the wheat, which, calculating the time spent in marketing,
is less than $1.70 a day for man and team. But when we reckon the
time and labor spent in growing, harvesting, threshing and cleaning
it, especially with their antique and much inferior machinery, we find
the compensations received for labor in those days were meager indeed.
Several little incidents occurred during the trip of the above men-
tioned gentlemen. Mr. Scott had never visited the city before, and
when they came in sight of it, noticing the masts of the ships which
lay in the river, he thought they were a strip of dead timber. On
reaching the city and when near the river, driving along on one of
the busy streets, he was so much interested in the tall masts of the
shipping that he forgot to notice his team, which run into the one
ahead of him, smashing the feed-box, which was always carried on the
rear end of the wagon bed. A dog they had along became so bewil-
dered at the sights of the city that it forgot to follow its master closely,
and was accordingly lost. Several days afterward, however, it
returned home, with no desire whatever to take another trip to
Chicago.
Mr. Scott brought three barrels of salt home with him, for which
he paid $1.50 per barrel; the price for that article here being $3 per
bushel. Jonathan Gibbs says he paid that price for salt in 1838, get-
ting fifty-six pounds to the bushel. One cause for this staple article
being so high was that the Illinois river was so shallow that naviga-
tion on it was prevented.
In the winter of 1841 Judge R. L. Hannaman drove 1,300 head
of hogs from Knoxville to Chicago. For these he paid $2 per hundred
pounds net. He had them slaughtered and packed in that city, and
shipped to New York and Boston. In the enterprise, which at the
time was a stupendous one, Mr. Hannaman lost $5,000. He had six-
teen boys employed to drive the stock, and consumed sixteen days'
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 119
hard work to reach the city. Considerable trouble was experienced
in securing places to stop over night, as the number, both ofbo} 7 s and
hogs, was so large that but few settlers along the route could accom-
modate them. One night Mr. Hannaman and his whole company re-
mained with John H. Bryant, a brother of the poet, who was then
living in a comfortable dwelling on a fine farm near Princeton. In
Chicago he stopped at the " Illinois Hotel," kept by Colonel Beaubien,
a Frenchman, who was quite extensively known through Northern
Illinois. In relating the incidents of the trip, the Judge remarked:
*' At that early day Chicago gave no hint or suspicion that she would
ever become the great commercial metropolis of the Northwest. She
was then a small town, situated in the midst of miry swamps, any
quantity of which I could have bought for almost nothing, but would
not have accepted as a gift."
In the winter of 1842-3 Jonathan Gibbs went to Peoria to sell his
pork; but the highest offer made him was by Cortennis & Griswold,
large packers, which was 1^ cents per pound for dressed hogs, and 3
<iash or 4 cents in trade, for green hams, and the same for lard. Over
a fire-place in Mr. Gibbs' log cabin sixteen barrels of lard were tried
out that fall. Such a stupendous job of work would scarcely be un-
dertaken by any family at the present time.
MONEY.
Money was an article little known and seldom seen among the
earlier settlers. Indeed, they had but little use for it, as all business
was transacted by trading one article for another. Great ingenuity
was developed in the barter of their commodities, and when this
failed long credits contributed to their convenience. But'for taxes
and postage neither the barter nor credit system would answer, and
often letters were suffered to remain a considerable time in the post-
office for want of 25 cents, which was then the postage on all letters from
any great distance; nor were they carried on the fast express or mail
trains. It was only every week or so that a lone horseman, with mail bag
thrown astride, would ride into a settlement or village. If, however,
the village was on the line of a stage route, the old stage coach would
make its appearance as often. It was not common then for persons
to get many letters; indeed, one or two a month was considered a
large mail. Nor did three cents pay the postage upon a letter at that
day. It seldom took less than twenty-five cents, or two "bits," as
Kentuckians would say.
Mr. Giles Cook, of Victoria,, doubtless very vividly remembers
120 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the old price of letter postage. He received notice that there wa&
a letter for him at the postoffice, which at that time was located at
the residence of Mr. Bradford, about seven miles east of Knoxville.
Mr. Cook accordingly called for his letter, but as the postage was due,
and the post-master would not permit him to open it until it wa&
paid, which he could not do, he was unable to get it. He at once set
about to earn the required amount; and after five or six weeks' extra
exertion, succeeded in raising enough to pay the postage on that one
letter. When he opened the hard-earned epistle, he found therein a
check for $50, which- was abundant compensation for half a year's
labor.
While money was so exceedingly difficult to obtain that but little
was ever accumulated, yet the pioneers really needed but little. They
seldom received a letter, and their taxes were light. For instance, the
first year after arrival, A. C. Higgins paid taxes to the amount of five
cents. This was on a silver watch he carried, it being the only taxa-
ble property he then possessed. In 1836 Gaddial Scott paid his taxes,
which amounted to $1.37, with a wolf scalp and 37-J- cents in money,
being three silver pieces of 12^ cents each, or three "bits," aa they
were called in that early day. This was the full amount of taxes upon
about $1,100 worth of property.
FIRST CELEBRATION.
The 4th of July, 1836, was the first national anniversary day es-
pecially celebrated in Knox county. The exercises were held in
Sanbnrn's Grove, near Knoxville, and were attended by between 600
and TOO people, one dollar a couple being charged for the dinner,
which was sumptuously served. The meat, which consisted of beef,
veal, mutton and pork, was roasted in a pit in the ground, by Harrison
Bell. Col. Herman Knox was very enthusiastic over the affair and
took an active part, furnishing from his store the dishes used. Not
being able to clean off the tables that night, as doubtless all wanted
to partake and not miss any of the pleasures of the festive occasion,
" Old Black Joe" was hired to stand guard over them until next
morning.
This was a memorable celebration, and for its magnitude at the
time many thought it would scarcely ever be surpassed. Indeed, one
of the prominent men in addressing another said, " If you live here
for 20 years, you will never see this beaten."
Elder Gardner Bartlett made the opening prayer, and Hon. James
Knox delivered the oration, after which the audience formed in line
and marched to the tables spread under the boughs of a large tree.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 121
MILITIA.
For many years in the early history of the county the " State militia"
organizations held their regular semi-annual drills, which was always a
source of much pleasure, and a gala day for all. The company drills
were held in the spring in various portions #f the county, but in the
fall all of the militia-men assembled at one place, when regimental
exercises were observed. During the meantime the officers had their
drill muster, when instructions-' were given. Thomas McKee was
chosen Major in 18-38, and for several years held the office. In 1846,
when the war between the United States and Mexico commenced, Major
McKee gave orders to his captains to have the men assemble at Knox-
ville on a certain day. The captains informed the non-commissioned
officers, and they in turn circulated the call among the rank and file.
Upon the appointed day about 1,500 of the militia men assembled.
After the usual preliminary forming and marching the Major formed
them into a hollow square; then mounting a wagon which stood in
the centre, he addressed them on the subject of enlisting in the ser-
vice of their country in the war with Mexico. After his stirring
speech, which aroused and fired the patriotism of the men, the
martial band took up the call and in musical strains discoursed from
the drum and fife many of the soul-stirring national airs of the day,
which raised their patriotic spirits to a still higher pitch. When the
Major at the head of the band called out as they marched off, " Xow,
gentlemen, all you that want to go to Mexico, come along," immedi-
ately 109 men joined him, showing thereby their willingness to go to
the front. It was the Major's desire to start right off that night for
Springfield to have the company accepted; but many of the older men
thought him too hasty; that he had not considered matters sufficiently ;
that such a course would be rash and uncalled for: so at their solici-
tation he sent the report of his company having been raised, by mail.
As the quota of the State was only six regiments, of course it was
soon filled; so, when the letter from Major McKee reached Springfield,
every company asked for had been furnished and no more would be
accepted, which completely dampened the military ardor of the
Major and his men. They remained, however, in readiness to answer
a call at a moment's warning, but happily for them none was ever
made, as they were not needed.
BEE-HUNTING.
During the early settlement of this part of the State, one of the
prevailing customs of the pioneers was "bee-hunting." Often a
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
small company would travel.many miles into a wild, unsettled country,
in search of the sweet-flavored honey of the wild bee. Large trees,
containing many gallons, and often a barrel, were frequently found by
bee-hunters. The little, busy bees would be carefully watched as
they flew heavily laden with the richest extract of the flowers that
were purelv native and unknown to the present generation. They
always took a " bee line" for their homes. This was a correct guide
to the sturdy hunter, who had studied with care the ways of the bee
and by their knowledge took advantage of the little insect. Once on
the trail, good bee-hunters were almost certain .to capture the rich
prize. After the bee tree was discovered it was no trouble to get
possession of the honey. The tree was felled, and the hunters would
rush for their booty ere it was lost by running out upon the ground.
In 1827 Andy Osborn, Andrew Scott, John Slatteri and Gaddial
Scott, four sturdy young men from Sangamon county, made a tour
through this country in search of honey. They pushed ahead, over
prairie and through timber, until Henderson Grove in this county
was reached. Here they discovered two well filled trees, and with-
out trouble were soon possessors of their delicious contents. This
little company camped on the land now owned by John Miles, on the
Warren and Knox county line. They remained for one week, during
which time they met neither white man nor negro. The only persons
these explorers met, from the time of their leaving Sangamoii county
until they returned, were a Mr. Atwood and his son, who lived south
on the old Galena road.
When we remember that all of this section of the country was not
inhabited save by the red man and wild beasts of forest and prairie,
one will certainly come to the conclusion that the Sangamon county
boys were great lovers of honey, or else were fearless of danger and
cared not for hardship. Mr. Gaddial Scott seemed to have formed a
good impression of Knox county, for we find him moving here a few
years after.
These men were the first, so far as we know, who crossed the prai-
ries of Knox county. Hunters and travelers had previously been
here, but when, or who they were, is not known. Mr. Scott and Mr.
Osborn subsequently came to the county to live, and the former is at
the present time an active citizen.
Knox county seems to have been especially favored in quantity ot
honey produced by the wild bees. Trees containing them were in
great abundance. Indeed, the county was known as a land flowing
with honey. There were men living within its boundaries who fol-
lowed no other business than gathering honey and the honeycomb.
HISTORY OF KNOX - COUNTY. 125
They made their regular trips to market, disposing of their stock.
The wax was the principal article, however, that they marketed.
While John G. Sanbnrn was in the mercantile business at Henderson,
he sent to St. Louis several barrels of strained honey at one time, to-
gether with a large quantity of beeswax. The price generally paid
for honey was 37 cents per gallon.
ParnachOwen took nine gallons of strained honey and twenty-two
pounds of wax from one tree, which, although often excelled, was an
extra good tree.
Casks were often made of hollow bass-wood logs, from one to three
feet !ong, with a bottom set in. These were made watertight and
were used for years.
COURTS.
Although the early settlers were peaceable, neighborly and law-
abiding, yet sessions of the Circuit Court were necessary to be held.
At the first and second sessions, however, the grand jury found no
violation of law corning under their province. Of course the usual
preliminary business was attended to. For a more minute sketch of
the first sessions of court held in the county we refer our readers
again to Chapter II. The following incident illustrates the habits of
the people and the hardships of the legal gentlemen during those
times:
Judge Richard M. Young and State's Attorney Thomas Ford
traveled together throughout their judicial circuit, which included
all the northern portion of the State. On a trip (which was about the
first) from Galena to Knoxville, they wandered from the main trail,
and soon became lost. On they traveled, yet they failed to reach
their destination. Night came on, finding them in a wild country
without food or shelter. They concluded they might as well become
resigned to their situation, and accordingly lay down upon the grass-
carpeted earth in the wild forest and passed the night. On the fol-
lowing morning they pursued their journey, yet again failed to come
to the little log court-house in the newly laid out town of Knoxville.
They kept on and finally brought up at Mrs. Elizabeth Owen's cabin
in Haw Creek township. From there they were directed to the right
road for Knoxville. But let us go with the two gentlemen still
farther. Although both possessed giant minds, yet the difference of
their stature was very great, and when seen together approached al-
most the ludicrous. Judge Young was an extraordinarily tall and
slimly built man, while Governor Ford was uncommonly small.
While holding court at Knoxville, they put up with Landlord New-
man, who kept a store and hotel in his two-roomed log house that
126 HISTORY .OF KNOX COUNTY.
stood on the west side of the square of that city. Besides the room
(to the rear of the store-room) in which the family lived and which was
dining-room, kitchen, sleeping-room, parlor, etc., there was a small
loft above, the ceiling of which was very low, and the sides extending
but two logs above the ceiling of the main story. There were no pre-
tensions of this loft being furnished, save a pallet made on rough-hewed
boards. This apartment was reached by a ladder which stood in one
corner of the store-room. The two statesmen were assigned the loft
as their sleeping-room. At night they ascended the ladder, and groping
around finally deposited their forms upon their rude couch for a night's
rest. Yes, these great men, one of whom afterward served with dis-
tinction in the United States Senate, and the other filled the Guber-
natorial chair of a great State, once had no better accommodations
than those described above, which are not at all overdrawn.
A landlord from the East, who came to keep the hotel in Knoxville,
being accustomed to see judges robed in their judicial gowns, with
attendants and considerable pomp manifested, made great preparations
on the arrival of Judge Ralston to hold court. He had not seen the
Judge, and of course did not know him. Noon arrived, and the land-
lord had dinner spread and waiting for the arrival of his distinguished
guest. He patiently watched and waited for him, supposing he
would come attended by the sheriff and bailiff. So engaged was he in
watching that he did not notice a common, every- day sort of a man
pass in by him and take his seat at the table without even so much as
removing his hat. This individual was none other than the eminent
Judge. After much delay the landlord made some inquiries of the
gentleman seated at the table, respecting the arrival of the Judge, and
great was his amazement when the same gentleman informed him that
he was the Judge himself. Even though such great and extra prepara-
tions had been made for the reception of the honored Judge, he had
about finished the sumptuous dinner spread for him before the land-
lord knew who he was; and he was not long in learning afterward
that Western jurists made no unnecessary display in matters of dress
and manners, but indeed were as other men.
To convey to Springfield the money collected for State taxes, was
one of the most risky and dangerous duties the earliest treasurers of
the county had to perform. There was one treasurer especially
troubled over taking this annual trip to the State capital. He greatly
feared being robbed on the way, and therefore contrived an ingenious
plan to secrete the money. He had a large, heavy pair of boots made.
They were much larger than he usually wore, and in the soles of
these he secreted the money, where he thought the unsuspecting high-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 127
wayman would never think of looking. He took the stage-coach in
company with a prominent official and proceeded to -Springfield.
During this journey and during all of this time the Knox county
Treasurer never once rested his feet by pulling off his boots. In ford-
ing a swollen stream he was greatly frightened, as the water came high
up into the coach. To prevent his boots from getting wet, and con-
sequently the money, he held his feet above his head, and even in this
position he felt sure the water was running up his boots, to the great
amusement of his fellow passengers, who could see more fun than
danger in the dampening of his cow-hide. The money however was
in no wise damaged, as the water, like " snakes in boots," was merely
imaginary, and he arrived safely in Springfield with his treasure, after
so perilous a journey by water and by land.
128 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER II.
IMPORTANT LABORS OF THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT.
ORGANIZATION.
In the spring of 1830, two years after the first white in an had lo-
cated in the county of Knox, it was thought there was a sufficient
number of inhabitants to justify an organization. Accordingly a
public meeting was held at the store of Samuel S. White, in Hen-
derson township, May 15, 1830. This store stood near the resi-
dence of John B. Gum, and in the early days was known as a
tavern, but at present such a place would be commonly known as a
saloon. The building was a one-story log cabin, about 16 feet square,
and contained but one room. Riggs Pennington was chosen Chair-
man and John G. Sanburn Secretary. The original minutes of the
meeting are still extant, and in the possession of Mr. F. G. Sanburn,
of Knoxville, who kindly loaned them to us. Among the pioneers
present at this the first meeting looking forward to the organization
of one of the wealthiest, most beautiful counties of the State, were
Riggs Pennington, John G. Sanburn, Philip Hash, Stephen Osborn,
Dr. Charles Hansford, Henry Bell, Jacob Gum, Nicholas Yoiles and
John B. Gum.
Dr. Hansford, Riggs Pennington and John G. Sanburn were ap-
pointed to draft a petition addressed to the Honorable Richard M.
Young, Judge of the Fifth Judicial District, praying for the organi-
zation of the county. Another committee was appointed to present
this petition to the Judge and address him in the interests of the or-
ganization. This committee was composed of Pennington, Hash,
Hansford and Osborn. These gentlemen shortly afterward proceeded
to Lewistown, Fulton county; and while the Circuit Court was in ses-
sion, laid their petition before the Judge, who, believing the county
contained 350 inhabitants, the number required by law, and that the
majority desired the organization, did, on the 10th day of June, de-
clare, by virtue of the power invested in him, the said county of Knox
to be organized and entitled to the same rights and privileges as the
other counties in the State.
This step was soon supplemented by another of equal importance;
for there must necessarily be official heads to conduct the public
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 129
affairs of the newly organized community. Accordingly, at Galena,
shortly afterward, Judge Young issued an order for an election for the
purpose of choosing three commissioners. This election was held on
the 3d day of July, 1830, being the first election ever held in Knox
county. Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash and Dr. Charles Hansford
were elected County Commissioners without opposition. The judges
and clerks of the election were Jacob Gum, Nicholas Voiles, Stephen
Osborn, William McMurtry and Jonathan Reed. These gentlemen,
for services rendered at this election, were paid each 75 cents.
FIRST MEETINGS OF THE COURT.
Four days after the election the Commissioners held their first meet-
ing. But little business was transacted beyond organizing the Court
and electing John B. Gum Clerk. This session was held at the resi-
dence of John B. Gum, on section 32, Henderson township, about 4
miles northwest of Galesburg. This house was a one-story, double
log cabin, each division containing but one room. This was the tem-
porary seat of justice until the log court-house was built at Knox-
ville. The first term of the Circuit Court was also held there, with
the generous and eminent jurist, Judge Young, presiding. At no
distant day the citizens of Knox county will note with pride the
erection of a magnificent court-house. Then will a comparison with
the little log cabin, used as a dwelling, court-house, hotel and post-
office, that stood near the south edge of Henderson Grove, be most
striking.
At the second meeting of the Commissioners' Court, held at the
same place on the 9th, two days after their first session, John G. San-
burn was appointed Clerk, John B. Gum declining the honors. He
was, however, on the same day appointed Treasurer of the county. A
bond of $500 was required of him, which seems very small when com-
pared with that of the present incumbent, J. L. Burkhalter, who is
held under bonds to the amount of $240.000. Mr. Sanburn may prop-
erly be considered as the first County Clerk. He filled the office to the
greatest satisfaction of every resident of the county for many years;
and not only the office of County Clerk, but also those of Circuit
Clerk, Recorder, Probate Judge, Notary Public and Postmaster. The
latter office, it was often said, he carried around in his hat. The Court
ordered that an election be held on the 1st day of August, 1830. The
entire county, which was at that time larger than at present, constituted
but one election precinct. Jacob Gum, Nicholas Voiles and Thomas
Maxwell were appointed judges of this election.
The general use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage prevailed
130 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
throughout the country then, as now. There was nothing, however,
in the custom of drinking peculiar to this county. Many of the
pioneers, no doubt, drank freely from the contents of the "little brown
jug," which they regarded the elixir of life.
One of the first acts of the Court was to grant to Samuel S. White
a license to keep a tavern, or saloon, on payment of $2 and clerk's fee.
They also established the following
TAVERN RATES FOR THE REGULATION OF SAMUEL S. WHITE.
For a half pint of whisky 12% cents.
For a half pint of brandy 18% cents.
For a half pint of wine 25 cents.
For a meal of victuals 25 cents.
For lodging for one person one night 12% cents.
For a feed of corn or oats for a horse 12% cents.
For feed and stabling for a horse, one night 25 cents.
For many years every person taking out a tavern license was regu-
lated by a special act of the Court.
Samuel S. White was at that time a young man of bright intellect
and withal a shrewd business fellow. He was a native of this State,
came to this county in the spring of 1830, and opened his tavern on
section 33, Henderson township. The principal object in taking out
a tavern license was that he might legally sell liquors. It is true that
occasionally a traveler would come along who would prefer sleeping in
a house, but this was only the exception, for in most cases they would
camp out. But White did not expect to make his money by keeping
an inn, but rather from the profits derived from the sale of liquors.
He left the county in 1834 and went to Iowa, where (luring the same
year he laid out the present flourishing city of Burlington. While
Major McKee was in that place a short time after, he met Mr. White,
who offered him ten choice lots for four horses and a wagon the Major
had with him. In 1848 White went to Oregon, taking with him
more than $10,000 in money. Thus we have a brief sketch of the
first saloon-keeper of Knox county.
Although letter postage was exceedingly high, and the few settlers
seldom received any mail, yet they deemed it necessary to have a post-
office established in the county. Accordingly, the Commissioners
ordered the Clerk to notify the Postmaster General " that the county
of Knox is organized and that the seat of justice for said county is at
the house of John B. Gum, Esq., and request him to supply the said
county with a mail as soon as may be practicable."
Another special term of the County Commissioners' Court was held
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 131
July 17th. At this session the county was divided into two districts
for the election of justices of the peace and constables, in each. The
first, or Henderson District, included all that portion of the county
lying north of the line separating Galesburg from Cedar township,
and contained 14 townships. The second, or " Spoon River " District,
included all that portion of the county lying south of the same line,
and contained eight townships.
The house of John B. Gum was chosen as the place to hold the
election in Henderson District. Jacob Gum, Nicholas Yoiles and
Thomas Maxwell were appointed judges of said election, which was
to be held August 7, this being the date on which the regular State
election was held. The election in Spoon River District was held at
the house of Abraham Swartz. Abraham Swartz, Hiram Palmer and
Parnach Owen were appointed judges.
Until the organization of the county it was attached, for judicial
purposes, to Fulton county, which had been organized some years
previous. The assessment of taxes in the county had been made by
Fulton county: but now that Knox had been organized, the liberty-
loving spirit of the Commissioners enkindled a desire to collect their
own taxes. Accordingly they addressed a " memorial " to the Com-
missioners of Fulton county asking to be allowed to collect all taxes
for the past year, the assessment of which had been made by that
county. The request was granted, and accordingly Sheriff Osborn
collected such personal taxes. He returned to the Treasurer the full
amount collected, deducting his commission of $1.56f . Although the
total amount of taxes collected was exceedingly small, yet this allow-
ance seems a very meager compensation for riding over a large
county in its state of native wildness. Mr. Osborn returned $19.32
as the sum total collected as personal taxes for the year 1830.
At the election held August 7, 1830, Riggs Pennington, Philip
Hash and Alexander Frakes were elected County Commissioners.
The new Court convened September 7th and proceeded to the election
of grand and petit juries for the October term of the Circuit Court,
being the first term. It required about two-thirds of all the legal
voters in the county to constitute these juries. For grand-jurymen
the following gentlemen were chosen: Abraham Swartz, Hiram
Palmer, Azel Dorsey, Perry Morriss, Parnach Owen, "William Palmer,
Benjamin Coy, Matthew D. Coy, James Reynolds, John B. Gum, Sol-
omon Davis, William Lewis, John Yaughn, Charles Hansford, Wil-
liam McMurtry, James McMurtry, Alexander Robertson, Daniel Rob-
ertson, Robert Green well, Solomon Denbow, Alexander Osborn, Jacob
132 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Gum and Wilson Brown. The petit-jurymen selected were: Nich-
olas Voiles, Urban Reynolds, Thomas Maxwell. Zephaniah Gum,
Jonathan C. Reed, Jesse D. Gum, James Gum, Morton McCarver,
Peter Bell, Rees Jones, John D. Rountree, Josiah Fuqua, James
Goff, John Norton, Andrew Osborn, Turner R. Rountree, John Mont-
gomery, Nicholas Rice, Humphrey Finch, Thomas Finch, Berryman
Jennings, William Consland, Robert Nance and Michael Tybast.
William McMurtry was chosen foreman of the grand jury.
CIRCUIT COURT.
On Friday, the first day of October, 1830, the first term of the
Circuit Court was held. There were present in attendance on the
Court, Honorable Richard M. Young, Judge; John G. Sanburn,
Clerk; Stephen Osborn, Sheriff. In the absence of Thomas Ford,
State's Attorney, James M. Strode was appointed pro tern. This term
lasted but one day, and was held in the house of John B. Gum, tem-
porary county-seat of Knox county. -But little business was trans-
acted, the grand and petit juries being discharged without performing
any duties.
At the next term of the Circuit Court, which was held in June,
1832, the grand jury returned into Court the report " that they had
no business before them, and knew of no violation of the law, which
it was made their duty to notice." This report is certainly highly
complimentary to the pioneers; for, even without the refining and
elevating influence of schools and churches, without wealth or aristoc-
racy, they lived in peace, in strict obedience to law; and by the most
charitable and neighborly acts and universal good- will for mankind
they won the love and respect of all who knew them. It is true, they
occasionally had their fights, but the animosity toward each other
disappeared long before the scars and effects of the blows and scratches.
They had their encounters, all enjoyed them, and when over, the
principals shook hands, all took a drink and the trouble was thought
of no more. For many years the only cases before the justices of
the peace were of assault and battery. These dignitaries enjoyed
the fights as much as others, bufr the law must be enforced, so they,
in their dignity as officers, sat in judgment upon the participants,
and usually imposed a severe penalty.
The first case before the Circuit, Court of Knox county was a bill for
divorce. This action was brought by Rhoda Tanner against her hus-
band, John Tanner, who at that time was not a resident of the State
of Illinois. After a long process of law a divorce was granted to the
complainant. Her attorney was James W. Whiting, who by the
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 133
order of the Court was to prosecute her case without any fees, charge
or reward.
REVENUE.
In December, 1830, the Commissioners' Court held another session,
beginning Monday the 6th. The Commissioners, as the supreme
officials of the county, did- not appropriate to themselves exorbitant
salaries. Indeed, we find the compensations received for their public
services were quite small, even for that early time. For instance, at this
meeting the sum of $3 was allowed Philip Hash for attendance at four
terms of the Commissioners' Court; $1.50 to Charles Hansford for his
attendance at three terms; to Riggs Penningtori as payment in full
for his services at the several terms, including the present, $4.50, and
to Alexander Frakes $3. Stephen Osborn, as Sheriff, was paid $3 for
attendance at all the terms of the Court. John G. Sanburn declined
to accept any compensation for his services as Clerk previous to the
present term. Nor did Mr. Gum charge an extravagant price for
the use of his cabin for public purposes. The sum of $4 was appro-
priated as payment in full to him for the use of his house for Circuit
Court, Commissioners' Court and election purposes to the year 1831.
The source of the largest revenue at that time was from the State.
The tax on personal property was at the rate of of 1 per cent.
The following very interesting report was made by Treasurer Gum,
March 7, 1831, and is the first one ever made by a Treasurer of Knox
County.
THE COUNTY OP KNOX, IN ACCOUNT WITH JOHN B. GUM, CR.
By specie received of Samuel S. White for tavern license .-$ 2 00
By amount of the revenue received from the State Treasury for the year 1830,
being the specie received in exchange for the same 320 00
By amount received from the Sheriff, being the amount collected by him for
taxes on personal property for the year 1830 19 32
Total $341 32
The county of Knox debtor to seven county orders of 75 cents each, one for
$1 50 and one for $4 00 Total, $ 10 75
Balance remaining in County Treasury this 7th day of March, 1831 $330 57
FIRST COURT-HOUSE.
The citizens of the county soon aspired to the erection of a court-
house and the building of a town. The} 7 accordingly procured from
the Legislature an act defining the location of the county-seat and
authorizing the Commissioners to lay off the town. The location of
9
134 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the town in which the court-house should be built was on the south-
west quarter of section 28, township 11 north, 2 east, Knox township.
This place was christened "Henderson" by the Legislature, at the
same time; but in two years thereafter it was changed by that body
to " Knoxville," in honor of General Knox of Revolutionary fame.
This act, which also defined the boundary lines of the county, was
approved by Governor Reynolds, January 15, 1831.
Now that the location of the county-seat had been determined, the
Commissioners, with the same energy and enterprise which has since
marked the great strides of both public and private improvements of
this county, proceeded to lay off the town and build the court-house.
At a special meeting held March 12, 1831, they submitted the plans
to the public, setting forth that the contract would be let to the low-
est responsible bidder. The first contract for the erection of the build-
ing was let to William Lewis for $78. The second, for the com-
pletion, was given to Parnach Owen, his bid being $100. The total
cost of this, the first court-house of Knox county, and its furniture,
was:
Erection of building $ 78 00
Completion of same ... 100 00
Six extra windows 6 00
Chinking, daubing and underpinning 37 50
Upper floor 18 00
Judges' stand, tables, benches, and fitting window . 43 00
Stove and pipe 38 00
Laying floor, stairway, and window shutters 74 93
Total $395 43
This court-house was rather an imposing structure for the time,
being two stories in height and containing several large windows.
True, the architecture was not of ancient grandeur or elegance, nor
of our more modern style; but we doubt not, when the building was
completed, it was looked upon with as much pride as the people of
to-day view the showy structures built after the latest and most ap-
proved plans. The site selected was the southwest corner of lot 10 in
block 5, fronting south on Main street, or more intelligibly speaking,
just to the rear or west of the First National Bank building, standing
on the northwest corner of West Main street a^nd the Square. Appar-
ently the contractors did not have the means to carry on the work, fur
we find the 'Commissioners paid one-third of the amount of all con-
tracts before the work began. The contractors, however, were re-
quired to furnish bonds in the penal sum of double the amount of
contract price. '
'
HISTOKY OF KNOX COUNTY. 137
COUNTY SEAT.
The contract for furnishing posts and stakes for laying out the new
town was let to Andrew Osborn for the sum of $15. Parnach Owen
was employed to make the survey, for which he received the sum of
32 cents per lot of one-quarter acre each. The full compensation he
received for laying off the town of Henderson (Knoxville) was $18.25,
and as payment for this amount he was obliged to take town lots.
The State Legislature had designated the quarter section upon
which the county-seat should stand, but that body had not the power
to convey to the county of Knox the title to this land, being what
was known as "Congress land." The United States Government
alone had the power to make such conveyance. It could, however,
be pre-empted by the County Commissioners for county purposes.
In order to comply with or take advantage of this right and privilege,
Rees Jones was appointed to go to the land office at Springfield, and
in behalf of the county pre-empt the said quarter section. The price
of this, as of all other Government land, was $1.25 per acre.
Thus the county purchased the land upon which the business and
much of the residence portion of the city of Knoxville now stands, for
the sum of $200. E,ees Jones was paid $8 for making the trip to
Springfield as agent for the county. ' He was compelled to give bonds
for the faithful performance of his mission. The new town having
been surveyed, large, hard-wood stakes were driven, designating the
corner of each lot, and being also the only guide to the location of
streets. Everything was then in readiness for a grand sale. Satur-
day, April 23, 1S31, was the day appointed for the sale of lots at pub-
lic auction. The settlers assembled from all parts of the county upon
the site of the proposed village, each anxious to become the owner of
a town lot. Lots seem to have met with a ready sale at fair prices,
which is the best evidence that the pioneers were not only enthusi-
astic in sentiment in relation to the bright prospects and future great-
ness of the town they were about to found, but were also willing to
lend all the material aid in their power to the consummation of the
much desirud end. At this sale there were 79 lots sold, for an aggre-
gate of $1,256. The highest price received for a single lot was $61,
and the lowest was $2.
JUDICIOUS AND LIBKKAL COMMISSIONERS.
The Commissioners were^ evidently liberal and hospitable. They
would not invite the people to a wild, uncivilized place to attend the
sale without providing refreshments. This they did, and at their
13.8 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
next meeting paid out of county funds $1.75 to Morton Carver for
providing the same. We imagine that corn-dodgers and whisky
were the luxuries furnished on this memorable occasion. Not only
would we call them hospitable, but also wise and judicious, for they
clearly adhered to what they believed to be for the best interests of the
whole people. They paid out but little money. Indeed, we find that
many bills were paid in town lots. So judicious were they, and so
carefully did they use the public purse, that even with the exceedingly
small revenue at command, they were enabled, as early as 1835, to ac-
cumulate and loan the sum of $900. In a new country, where it was
necessary to survey and make all roads, to bridge streams, build
ferries, to erect public buildings, and to provide many other public
conveniences, this showing is surely creditable to the business ability
and personal integrity of the Commissioners. Undoubtedly the pub-
lic affairs were as judiciously managed by these rough and sturdy
pioneers as they would have been by a more refined and cultured
people. They read the law, accepting a plain, common-sense inter-
pretation. They did not attempt to manipulate the wording into
various meanings, nor place upon it a construction to suit their own
particular views. They could construe it but one way. The plain
statement of law had to them but one meaning, and that must be
strictly followed. Everything was done as the law required, as nearly
as they could comprehend it. As ah illustration showing that these
were the cardinal principles of the early fathers, we refer to one
especial act, taken from the records of the Commissioners' Court.
Roads were laid out by the county, as required by the people of
various sections. A resident would present a petition, signed by
" sundry citizens," for a road, on depositing $10, to defray the ex-
pense of viewing. Should the road prove not to be of general utility,
a commission was appointed to ''view out" the desired road. They
then made a report to the Court whether or not the road was required.
In 1832 a petition was presented by some of the citizens for a road
from Henderson toward Rock Island, as far as the county line.
Viewers were appointed, who, after carefully examining the proposed
route and surroundings, made a report to the Commissioners recom-
mending the laying out of the road. Indeed, they urged that the road
would be of the greatest possible utility. On that point, however, the
Commissioners were fully satisfied, but after a close examination of
the report they decided that it was not made out according to law, and
the law must be rigidly followed. The people all with one accord de-
sired the road, but as the report failed to comply with the strict letter
of the law in its construction, the Court refused to grant the request.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 139
For making the assessment of taxes for 1831, John G. Sanburn re-
ceived $8, which is only about one-tenth the amount now paid for
assessing a single township. The city of Galesburg alone pays nearly
eighty times that sum for assessing its own taxes. The total amount
of taxes collected for that year was $43.47; for the year 1877 the
amount was $340,000. Sheriff Osborn collected 15 cents unjustly
from Joseph Hoff, who was a resident of Warren county. The Com-
missioners ordered the Treasurer to return 15 cents to the Sheriff, and
gave him public instructions to convey the same to Hoff.
The unfortunate and helpless ones of our race appeared in the
county simultaneously with civilization; and that spirit of charity
which is so nobly evinced to-day by the people of this county in the
care of its poor and helpless, was implanted in the hearts of the fathers,
and as far back as 1831 manifested itself in noble arid generous deeds.
On the 2d day of May of that year first mention of a pauper is made
on the public records. Joshua Stinson was that day let out to Stephen
Osborn, "he being the lowest bidder." The benevolence, the desire
to relieve the sufferings of man, that was displayed in the infancy and
poverty of the county has kept pace with its wonderful progress in
public improvements, in wealth and in refinement.
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
By an act of Congress the 16th section of land in each township
was set apart, and the proceeds of its sale used, for common-school
purposes. A Commissioner was accordingly appointed in each county
to superintend the sale of such land and take charge of its proceeds.
On the 5th of September, 1831, Abraham Swartz received -the ap-
pointment from the County Commissioners as Commissioner of school
lands. Although fully as remunerative as any other official position
in the county, evidently Mr. Swartz did not desire it, for we find he
did not furnish the required bond. This he could have easily done,
no doubt. The Commissioners who appointed him would have as
willingly become his bondsmen. A little over a year elapsed before
anything further was done in regard to this office. Then (September,
1832) William McMurtry, long one of the most popular citizens of
the county, was appointed to fill the position. He served in that
capacity for many years, and by his excellent judgment and personal
integrity, together with the studions attention he gave to the advance-
ment of our common-school system, much good was done for the pro-
gress of the educational interests of the county, and a large revenue
derived from the sale of school lands. He gave bonds in the sum of
140 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
$12,000, this being the largest furnished by any official for several
years.
That elections were not as expensive in the earlier years as at pres-
ent is plainly shown by the cost of the election in 1832. The expense
for the entire county was but 50 cents. The general elections were
held in August during the first few years of the county's existence,
or until 1849. No tickets were used, each voter casting his " ballot"
in the old viva voce way.
LOG JAIL.
Necessarily, as faithful historians, we must mar the pleasant progress
of this chapter by reference to prison bars. Among the pioneers there
were wicked and vicious people, those who wantonly violated law
and order, thus making themselves odious and dangerous to the com-
munity. Such characters must be restrained and punished. To ac-
complish this a place of confinement must be erected wherein they
might be incarcerated. Accordingly, Sept. 14, 1832, a contract was
entered into with John G. Sanburn to build a jail, the stipulated price
being $250. However, for some unexplained reason, the Commis-
sioners deducted $5.25 from the original amount. The building was not
accepted and the money paid over until June 7, 1838, although it had
been completed and in use for several years. This primitive prison was
constructed of logs, and was about 20 feet square. It stood on the
west side of the square, north of the court-house. After the old brick
jail at Knoxville was erected the log structure was abandoned, and
some years afterward was moved into the country on the northwest,
quarter of section 20, Knox township, owned by Chris. Burrell, and
used for a corn-crib. This old jail served in its day as well perhaps
as the modern and much more costly structure. It is quite certain,
however, that the experienced criminals of to-day would be confined
in its wooden walls but a short time ere they would effect their liberty.
Various attempts were made by prisoners to make their escape from
this, the first jail building in the county. One effort, long remem-
bered by the earlier residents of Knoxville, was made by a Mr. Din-
gle, a blacksmith, who had been incarcerated unjustly for the alleged
crime of obtaining cattle under false pretenses, at Henderson. It was
on Sunday forenoon, while a majority of the people of the quiet little
village of Knoxville were attending religious services. Rev. William
Clark, an old soldier of, the Cross* now residing at Abiugdon, was
preaching. During the discourse the alarm of fire was given; the
jail was burning. Everybody rushed from the meeting. Dingle, in
order to liberate himself, had set fire to the wooden door, and in the
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 14:1
attempt he came near losing his life, besides making confusion of the
peace and quietude of the religious services.
KNOXVILLE NAMED.
Apparently the people soon grew to dislike the name by which their
county-seat had been christened. Perhaps, however, it was not be-
cause they really disliked the name "Henderson," but because they
had greater love for another which they desired their town should
wear. Steps were taken as early as 1832 to make this change. Dur-
ing December of that year an act was passed by the Legislature, and
approved the 22d, changing the name of the town of " Henderson "
to that of "Knoxville." Since that time the little log settlement has
grown into a neat and beautiful city. The first mention, however, of
the new name on the records does not occur until Monday, March 4,
1833.
LICENSES.
The rate of tavern or saloon license was advanced in 1834 to $5,
while the price of whisky was reduced from 12|- cents to 6J cents per
half pint. This seems, without explanation, to be an injustice to the
vendors of ardent spirits; but the sagacious Commissioners evidently
saw in the traffic too great profit, and with the same fidelity to the in-
terests of the county always manifested they deemed it well to make
this change. While it might appear to the reader that the fathers
acted from personal motive in making this reduction, yet a glance at
their past official acts would convince the most skeptical that the
county's interests were above personal gain. License for peddling
clocks was raised in 1835 from $12.50 per year to $50 a quarter. The
Commissioners no doubt thought this class of dealers were imposing
upon their constituency, and evidently charged this exorbitant license
fee for the purpose of keeping them out of the county entirely.
Dealers in general merchandise paid $8 per year for the privilege
of supplying the people with the necessities of life, that being the
standard price for this license (excepting the first year, when it was
$10) until 1837, when all traffic and trade was commenced to be car-
ried on without license. Even "taverns" the saloons of early days
were not restricted by any county enactments. The amount
charged for ferry license was small, being only $2. It was the mini-
mum of all licenses ever issued excepting those granted to run taverns
the first year. There being no bridges over the streams, there was a
large field for the ferry business. "With each license the Commission-
142 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ers made special rates. In doing this they took into consideration
the location, tfie amount of travel, etc. As a specimen tariff for
ferries we copy from the records the one regulating Asa Crook's ferry on
Rock river near Prophetstown : " Wagons with 4 horses or 4 oxen, $1.
Wagons with two horses, 75 cents. Wagon or carriage with 1 horse,
50 cents. Man and 1 horse, 25 cents. One person, 12 cents. Cattle
5 cents a head. Sheep 3 cents a head/'
It was one of the curious provisions of the law, in the times of
which we are writing, that each person could let his cattle and hogs
run at large, and that he could identify them by certain ear-marks,
which were to be recorded in a book kept by the County Clerk. The
vast prairies were then in their native condition, free from fences, cul-
tivation or any sort of improvement. By many they were thought to
be worthless for all practical farming purposes, except to furnish
grazing for stock. Horses and cattle often wandered into adjoining
counties. There was, however, means by which such stock might be
recovered. In each county-seat was an estray pen wherein all un-
claimed and unknown stock was confined. Notice was made quite
often of the number, kind and marks, of the stock taken up. In
1832 an estray pen was built upon the same lot on which the court-
house stood, at a cost of $17.50.
For many years, or until 1837, Henry county was attached, for ju-
dicial purposes, to this county. It was much larger then than at
present, including, as it did, a greater portion of Whiteside county.
All taxes were assessed and collected over this large territory by Knox
county authorities. Elections were ordered and judges appointed by
the Commissioners of this county. Licenses were granted, roads
opened and all other matters were attended to by them. In 1835 r
owing to high water, the Assessor of Henry county was unable to
reach Knox county with his books within the legally required time.
They were, however, accepted on arrival.
The house of Asa Crook on Rock river was generally, if not always r
appointed as the place for holding the elections. Crook was allowed
mileage for 60 miles travel, at 5 cents a mile (this being pay for but
one way), for bringing election returns from his house to Knoxville.
He, living near Prophetstown, Whiteside county, then known as
Prophet's village, Henry county, ran a ferry-boat across Rock river*
about 20 miles below the present city of Sterling. The license being
issued to him by the Commissioners of Knox county, they also gran ted
to William A. Cushman the privilege of running a ferry across the
same river, on section 19, township 19 north, 4 east, being some
miles below Crook's ferry.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 143
Thus we see the Commissioners, although unlearned in law and
unacquainted with science and literature, had jurisdiction over a large
territory, and that they conducted the public affairs rightly, and built
a firm and solid foundation upon which the future prosperity and
greatness of this portion of our beloved State should rest. This is
plainly evident from the unparalleled strides made in 'agricultural and
mechanical progress; from the more than 100,000 busy inhabitants
now dwelling within this territory; and from the vast stores of wealth
accumulated solely from resources within it. Those great and un-
concealed wonders reflect honor and credit each day upon their found-
ers; and as days and years multiply, when the same territory over
which they presided shall be teeming with millions of earnest and
energetic people, then will greater honors and more exultant praise
and adoration be expressed for the brave, sturdy pioneers who ex-
plored and opened up a region so prolific, and founded a community
that for genius, enterprise and wealth will' in the near future out
rank many older settled countries, and indeed will vie with many
kingdoms of the earth. Then these vast prairies will be cultivated
as a garden. Every forest tree and woodland will be utilized,, and
populous cities with numerous factories and vast stores of commerce
may be numbered by the score. Then will the modes of travel be
superior to the remarkable railroad facilities of to-day, and transport
the increased products with greater facility. Indeed, everything shall
then be as different and as superior to what they are at present as the
things of to-day are as compared with those of fifty years ago. Our
readers may regard this as wild and unreasonable speculation as
wholly visionary; but they are only the conclusions deduced from a
careful study of history, of a comparison of what has been accom-
plished, with certain advantages, with the results that the superior
advantages now enjoyed will as certainly accomplish.
BRICK COURT-HOUSE.
By 1836 the county had become quite populous; at least it was then
so regarded, for so many new comers had arrived that several of the
earlier pioneers concluded they were becoming too greatly crowded,
and accordingly pushed further westward. However, as early as these
years the people began to regard the old log court-house as wholly
inadequate for the increasing business, and also unworthy of this fair
county. They now aspired to a more pretentious structure in which
to transact the public business, and consequently began the agitation
of building a new court-house. September 6, 1836, the Commission-
ers ordered the clerk to advertise for plans for a new court-house. On
144 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the 10th day of March. 1838, the contract was let to Alvah Wheeler
and Zelotes Cooley of Hancock county, Illinois, the consideration
being $15,450, and the contractors stipulating that they would com-
plete the building by May 1, 1840.
According to the original plan, the building would contain no
cupola. The Commissioners however, in January, ordered that one
be erected, at a cost of $725. They also decided to paint the walls?
selecting cream color as the most appropriate. Eldert Runkie, a
Commissioner, was appointed inspector, whose duty it was to inspect
all material which entered into the construction of the building, and
to see that the work was performed according to contract. This
court-house was erected in the center of the northern portion of the
public square at Knoxville, where it still stands. It is a two-story
brick structure, 42 feet 5 inches by 62 feet 5 inches in size, and con-
tains six rooms and a hall. In earlier times it was considered one of
the finest court-houses in the State, and indeed it was a building of
more than ordinary pretentious; and, although more than forty years
have passed since it was begun, it is yet a good and substantial build-
ing. Since the county-seat has been removed from Knoxville it has
been used as an opera-house and office building.
Now that the new court-house was about ready for occupation,
some disposition must be made of the faithful log building which had
sheltered the official heads of the county for ten years. At a meeting
of the Commissioners, March 7, 1840, the Clerk was ordered to give
notice that it would be sold on the first day of April. On that day it
was bid off to Alvah "Wheeler for the sum of $89.50, giving him the
privilege of letting it remain upon the lot for two years. It was then
moved one mile and a half west of Knoxville, upon the farm of Alvah
Wheeler, now owned by Chris. Burrell, and converted into a dwelling-
In 1836 the court-house was removed from its original site to a lot
on the corner of South and West streets, near the present location of
the barn in the rear of the residence of John Cams, Esq. Charles
Price took the contract of moving the building for the consideration
of $67.50. In November of the same year the lot upon which the
log court-house originally stood, being lot 10, block 5, was subdivided
into nine lots. Eight of these were sold for an aggregate of '$3,901-
The adjoining lot, at the first sale, brought $37.50. This advance in
value of real estate was marvelous, and scarcely has a parallel. Reck-
oning its value upon the basis of the price of lots, at the first sale, we
find the enormous increase of 10,000 per cent, within five years, or an
average of 2,000 per cent, each year. While the price of property had
advanced rapidly, yet this is an exceptional case, and does not fairly
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 145
represent the increase. The advance during these five years ranged
from 300 to 1,000 per cent.
JAIL AT KNOXVILLE.
The new court-house had scarcely been completed before it was
thought best to build a new jail. At the January term of the Com-
missioners' Court in 1841 they let the contract for erecting the pro-
posed prison to Zelotes Cooley for $8,724. This contract, however,
was rescinded shortly afterward and re-let to Alvah Wheeler, who in
1845 completed the building. Lot 3 of the subdivision of lot 10,
block 5, the lot upon which the jail stood, together with the jail build-
ing, was exchanged some time before this to Jonathan Rice for the
south half of lot 1, block 5, which is at the northwest corner of the
square. Upon this lot the new brick and stone jail was erected. It
is no longer used for the purpose for which it was built, but as a ten-
ement house. It is a two-story brick, 30 by 50 feet in size, and con-
tained six cells.
It appears that the new jail was scarcely more secure than the log
one, and that the people soon wanted it replaced by one more ub-
stantial, as evinced by the following article taken from the " Knox
Republican" of Wednesday, March 18, 1857:
ESCAPE OF PRISONERS.
" On Saturday evening, while the Sheriff was from home on business,
five persons escaped from our insecure county jail. The prisoners
were all locked up in their cells at dark. The gentleman in charge
examined the lock that was put on the door, one of the best locks
about the jail and the most difficult to be picked, and found it all safe,
and left the premises for a little while ; and on returning found a
door opened, which he had left fastened; and, on entering the prison,
found that all the doors had been opened, the prisoners had fled, and
no traces of them could be found. The night was exceedingly dark.
The only conjecture we can form from an examination of the circum-
stances and the premises is, that one of the prisoners must have had
a false key and unlocked the door with his left hand, and then pro-
cured the keys from a table in the dwelling, and with them must have
unlocked the rest of the doors and let his fellow prisoners free. If
the county intends to hold the prisoners taken for crimes, and secure
the citizens from the marauding thief, they must elect such supervi-
sors as will have the courage to build a new and substantial jail. As
some parts of the jail could not be used, from their insecurity, the
146 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Sheriff was compelled to put two into one cell and three into another,
together; and when thus permitted to associate, they were able to
concoct and execute their deliverance."
HORSE-THIEVES.
The earlier settlers were greatly troubled with marauding bands of
thieves. Horses were generally the desired booty. So numerous and
bold had these desperadoes become that to protect themselves the
citizens banded together, forming the " Knox County Society for the
Detection of Thieves." Yearly meetings of this society were held in
June. The Commissioners, in order to aid this society and to shield
the people, in 1845 offered a reward of $50 for the detection of a per-
son stealing a horse.
LAST MEETING.
Taxes were very light in 1845, being only 10 cents on the $100.
This is perhaps the minimum per cent, of taxation ever reached in
this county. The last meeting of the county Commissioners' Court
was held October 12, 1849. Manyweather Brown, Alfred Brown and
Amos Ward, being members, were all present. After the transaction
of such business as properly came before them, they adjourned "until
court in course," but never re-assembled. And so passed away the
time-honored and economical system of county management by three
commissioners.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 149
CHAPTER III.
BLACK HAWK WAE.
Happily for the few settlers of Knox county, the atrocities com-
mitted during the war with the Indians in 1832 were all enacted with-
out its boundaries. There were, however, so many depredations
committed in adjoining counties that great fear was manifested by the
settlers here lest their own homes would be the scene of similar mas-
sacres. It must be remembered that at this time all the country
lying north of this county extending to Rock river was under the
jurisdiction of the Commissioners of Knox county, and therefore
virtually a portion of the county, which had the tendency to make the
murders committed there seem the nearer. Upon Rock river the bloody
battles were fought between the Indians and whites. Yarious and
terrible depredations were committed on peaceable whites, which
tended more than the war to horrify the pioneers here. A settler was
shot by six Indians just over the line in Warren county. One man
was killed near Princeton; another in Buffalo Grove; another be-
tween Fox River and the Illinois, and two near Ottawa, A party of
about 70 Indians made a descent upon a small settlement on Indian
creek, a tributary of Fox river, and massacred 15 persons, men,
women and children, and took two young women prisoners, one 15,
the other 17 years old. These people, composing three families, lived
in one house. The Indians approached the house in the day time,
and entered suddenly, with but little notice. Some of the inmates
were immediately shot down, others were pierced through with spears
or dispatched with the tomahawk. The Indians afterwards- related,
with an infernal glee, how the women had squeaked like geese when
they were run through the body with spears, or felt the tomahawk
entering their heads. All the victims were carefully scalped; their
bodies were mutilated and mangled; the little children were chopped
to pieces with axes; and the women were tied up by the heels to the
walls of the house. The two young ladies were hurried by forced
marches beyond pursuit. After a long -and fatiguing journey with
their Indian conductors, through a wilderness country, with but little
to eat, and being subjected to a variety of fortune, they were at last
rescued, $2,000 being given as a ransom.
150 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
As early as 1831 trouble was feared, and even expected, with the
Indians. To learn positively the condition of affairs, the few families
at Henderson sent Thomas McKee, Thos. Maxwell, Joseph Kowe, and
Robert Greenwell to Rock Island to consult with Gen. Gains, who was
commander of the military post on Rock Island. The General assured
the gentlemen that no danger need be apprehended. He also wrote a
letter to the people telling them they need not fear any trouble from the
Indians. This communication had the tendency to dispel the uneasiness
the settlers had experienced for their safety. On making this trip, after
crossing Pope creek the messengers struck an Indian trail which soon
led them upon quite a band of mounted Indian warriors. As soon
as seen by the savages half of them defiled to either side, thus sur-
rounding the pioneers. McKee, being able to address them in their
own language, told them they meant no harm, and showed them they
had no guns; but still the Indians were in doubt, and took them to
be spies. Finally McKee told them they were on their way up to
trade with Davenport. The name of Davenport carried with it a
charm for the Indian; soon this occasion, the statement had the de-
sired effect, and they were permitted to pass peaceably on, but were
closely watched. Passing through the Indian headquarters on Rock
river, Prophet's village, they saw hundreds of Indians.
They reached the fort in safety, and started on their return trip
only to encounter more dangers. Coming to Rock river, Mr. McKee,
without investigating, rode in on his faithful horse, thinking he could
ford the stream without trouble, as he had done before. Soon the
horse went under; the saddle-bags, filled with shelled corn, floated
off down the stream; a struggle ensued. Finally, Mr. McKee, seeing
the animal could not gain the shore, turned him, and after an ex-
haustive struggle, reached the shore he left. A squaw and young In-
dian got in a canoe and recovered his saddle-bags, for which he gave
them the contents. They then gave an Indian 25 cents to show them
a shallow ford. The Indians were suspicious of these messengers and
sent one of their number to follow them as far as Pope creek.
For a time no danger was felt; but early in the spring of 1832, when
Black Hawk recrossed the Mississippi, the feelings of fear were again
kindled among the isolated settlers, and now many of them deter-
mined for their safety to leave the country where they were liable to
be slaughtered any day and return to older settlements, for in their
defenseless condition they could afford no security to their families.
Thomas McKee, then a young man, strongly objected to any move-
ment which would lead to abandonment of their homes. He held
forth the idea that if the settlers all were armed they could protect
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 151
themselves from invasion by the Indians, and it was his belief that
arms could be obtained by applying to the commander of Fort Arm-
strong. Many of the settlers thought not, and, being desirous of
leaving, naturally opposed any attempt that might be made to secure
guns. They thought it wise and best to return to their old towns.
There was, however, one man, F. Y. Barber, formerly a lieutenant in
the regular army, who with Mr. McKee thought arms could be ob-
tained on application. Mr. McKee resolved to make the attempt at
all hazards, and, accordingly, in company with James McMurtry and
Fantelroy Freeman, set out for Rock Island. After a long and weary
journey through a wild, uninhabited country, they reached the fort,
where, without delay or trouble, they secured 100 guns with accou-
trements. These were sent down the river to Oquawka, and from
there brought in wagons to this county, where they were distributed
among 72 men living in Knox and Warren counties, which at the
time included almost every man in this county. Major McKee and
his companion were more fortunate than were Mr. St. Train with a
few other men who were sent to Rock Island by General Atkinson
about this same time. On their way they fell in with a party of
Indians led by a chief well known to St. Yrain, who was an Indian
agent. This chief was called "The Little Bear." He had been a par-
ticular friend of the agent, and had adopted him as a brother. Mr.
St. Yrain felt no fear of one who was his friend, one who had been
an inmate of his house, and who had adopted him as brother, and ap-
proached the Indians with the greatest confidence and security. But
the treacherous Indian, untrue in war to the claims of gratitude,
friendship and brotherhood, no sooner got him in power than h mur-
dered and scalped him and all his party with as little compassion as
if he had never known him or professed to be his friend.
The following receipt was signed by those who received arms, and
included rifles, flasks, bullet-molds, screw-driver, wiper, spring-vice,
powder, lead, rifle-flint. The dates of receipts range from April 21
to June 3, almost all of them, however, being distributed on the forme r
date: "We, the undersigned, citizens of Henderson river and Knox and
Warren counties, do hereby acknowledge to have received of Thomas
McKee, Jr., and Fantelroy Freeman the several articles of arms and
accoutrements set opposite our respective names." Those marked
with star subsequently served in the Black Hawk war.
F. R. Freeman, William McMurtry,* James McMurtry,* Edward
Martin,* J. B. Criswell,* Ebenezer Criswell,* J. M. E. Criswell,
Westly Pennington, John McGeehee, Nicholas Rice,* John McMur-
try,* Edmond Adcock,* John Robertson,* Elbert Robertson,* Joseph
Wallace* Joseph Hoffidaj,* John McAdams, Bees Jones.* Alex.
Williams James MeGeehee, John Criswell, Jesse Adkms* Stephen
Pennington.* James MeMurtry. Sir., Joseph Boe, John Miks, Benja-
min Brown,* William H. Beii* Daniel Fuqua.* Junes Boondtree*
Matthew Cor, Thomar Maxwell,* Willis Peeenpangh,* Henry Pecen-
iwngh. JohnVa^hn.* Henij D. Bell, Elijah Osbora, Erbin D.Goj,*
James BejnoUs,* Andrew Osbora* James Maxwell,* James B. At-
wood. Stephen Gabon. Robert Beit Alexander Osbora, Wiffiam
Lewis* Jesse D. Gam. Jones Osbora, Hour Maxwell,* Obadiah Fu-
qna* Nicholas Toiles. John Ifortoa, JosiahVanghn,* J. G. Sanbora,
Henry M. GiUett.* Ghaifas Hansfard, Brbin Reynolds, Benjamin
Jennings,* Daniel Tanner,* Biggs Pennington. Jacob Adams,* F. V.
Barber,* Benjamin Tnefaer, Wilson Brown.* Pleasant McGeehee,
IV . j- -. C : m ^waingtam, Ahsnnda FWbv,* Jon.
Biee* George Brown* William ffin, Moses F. Freeman.
Of the 7^ men who are represented in die above list there are bat
fire now firing in Knox eonntr. Almost the entire number hare
from earth, and bat a few more Tears win roll bj nntil not a
win be represented among men.
The mflitarj organization formed in this county was called the
-Volunteer Bangers,* 7 and was commanded bj Captain William Mc-
Murtrr. Turner Thmndliu , First Lieutenant, and George Larimer.
Second Lieutenant. They did not wear mflitarj uniforms, bat eon-
tinned in eituen's dress. The battalion was mounted, each man fur-
nishing his own horse. They ranged orer the country from this
county to the Ifinniniipui riTer in the neighborhood of Oquawka.
Althongh oat about 60 days, they were fortunate enough not to hare
~
from service at Macomb, being out
oter two months, and received therefor the remunerative sum of 86
cents per day for self and horse. Afterward the General Government
m kind enough to give to each participant 80 acres of land.
For further protection three log forts were constructed, two in
enderaon township and one in Bio; also another three miles south
of KnoxrOle^ bat was nerer occupied. Those m Henderson stood
one on section 10 and the other on section 33. Fort Aggie, as the
one in Bio was termed, stood on section 37. These places of refuge
were rather a stockade than a fort, except die one below Knoxville,
although known among the early settlers onl j by the latter name.
A description of Lewis' fort, as the one on section 33 was known,
wfll snfiee for alL It was boflt under the. supervision of Wiffiam
Lewis, who. with 16 others, constructed it in the short time of four
HISTOKT OF K5OX COOTTT. 153
weeks, which, considering the vast amount of physical labor required,
is a case almost without a parallel. It stood a short distance from
the timber, and was 210 feet square, being boilt of oak timbers 12
feet each in length, set close together in the ground, forming a fence
about 8 or 9 feet high, which was lined with sod, ploughed 2 feet
wide and 4 inches thick, and cut in pieces 2 feet in length. Every 4
feet port-holes were made. On two of the corners were erected Mock
houses, at which each of the four sides of the fort could be protected
by the guard. These were 16 by 20 feet, and a few feet from the
ground, projected beyond the walls of the main structure, thus enab
ling the guard to prevent an approach of incendiaries. These were
covered with clapboards. On the inside and adjoining die outer walk
was a shed extending all the way around. One doorway. 12 feet wide,
which was closed with a heavy puncheon door, was the only jdace of
entry. They were preparing to construct a sham cannon of basswood.
which they intended to place above the wall pointing toward the tim-
ber, from which place they expected the Indians; but peace was de-
clared ere it was finished. The only shelter being the shed referred
to, consequently the exposure of those * forted '" was often great. On
one occasion, when many of the setden had taken refuge, Mrs. Hans-
ford commenced packing up her things preparatory to leaving for home,
which aroused the curiosity of the others, who anxiously inquired if she
intended to leave. She told them that she "would rather be killed at
home by the Indians than die from exposure, as they were all bound
to if they staid there. 7 * Late one night, while everything was quiet
around their cabin, this same lady awoke thSulriiig she heard tike
stealthy tread of red men. She aroused her husband, telling him the
Indians were coming and that they must be off to the fort. He was
not so easily frightened, and said he ~ wouldn't go, as no Ti " Js nrir vore
near/* Soon Mr. Coy's family came and knocked for admittance.
They were on their way to the fort.
After the arrival of the Coy family, with die startling intelligence
of the approach of the treacherous enemy. Dr. Hansford and family
joined them, and they all hurried toward die fort. They, however,
stopped at Peter Bell's the remainder of the night. The settlers,
especially the more timid women, had no trouble in discovering bands
of marauding Indians lurking in every grove of timber. Cattle,
stumps, trees, and other objects, by their imaginations, were easily
converted into Indians. Everybody could see, as one old lady re-
marked, "whole mountains of Indians any time." The following
incident illustrates the verity of this statement; although ludicrous
now, if we could realize the real situation of the women it would be
10
154 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
quite serious: Mrs. Hansford and Mrs. Lewis, the latter with a little
daughter, were returning home late in die afternoon from a neighbor's.
where they had been visiting. Coming in sight of one of the forts
they saw several wagons there, which they readily conceived were
Indians. Indeed they could see hundreds of them slaying the few
whites that had reached the place. Mrs. Lewis in agony cried out,
"For God's sake, run; I smell the powder!" and, at a speed women
seldom go, they ran for Peter Bell's cabin. They were compelled to
pass through a piece of timber, and here they were positive they could
see the lurking red-skins on every hand. They never slackened their
run until they reached Bell's, who was much diverted at their
timidity.
Two young men, Jones and De Hart by name, had pushed away
out upon the frontier, and naturally had become accustomed to " rough-
ing it." De Hart, nevertheless, was greatly frightened one day when
no danger was near. They had broken ten acres of prairie land in
Walnut Grove township, on what was afterward the farm of Amos
Ward. While De Hart was plowing with a yoke of oxen, an old
Indian squaw came out of the woods and waved a red blanket. This,
he surmised, was a signal for him to flee for his life. Accordingly
he started immediately for the fort at Henderson, leaving his oxen in
the furrow. On hearing it was only a scare, he returned the follow-
ing day for his team and effects; but left the county and never re-
turned. His experience of border life had been sufficient to convince
him that a more civilized community would be as congenial. Several
times during the Black Hawk war did the settlers flee to the forts,
leaving their homes in such haste that but little preparation could be
made. Rumors were ever rife of the coming of Indians; and as the
settlers really expected them, it is no wonder that many believed
every rumor afloat.
The faithful Indian Chief, Shaubena, whose portrait appears in this
book, was a friend to the white man, and deserves more than a passing
notice. Although not so conspicuous as Tecumseh or Black Hawk,
yet in point of merit he was superior to either of them. Shaubena
was born at an Indian village on the Kankakee river, now in Will
county, about the year 1775. While young he was made chief of the
band, and went to Shanbena Grove (now in De Kalb county), where
they were found in the early settlement of that section. In the war
of 1812 Shanbena, with his warriors, joined Tecumseh, was aid to
that great chief, and stood by his side when he fell at the battle of the
Thames. At the time of the Winnebago war, in 1827, he visited
almost every village among the Pottawatomies, and by his persuasive
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 155
arguments prevented them from taking part in the war. By request
of the citizens of Chicago, Shaubena, accompanied by Billy Caldwell
(Sauganash), visited Big Foot's village at Geneva Lake, in order to
pacify the warriors, as fears were entertained that they were about to
raise the tomahawk against the whites. Here Shanbena was taken
prisoner by Big Foot, and his life threatened, but on the following
day was set at liberty. From that time the Indians (through reproach)
styled him the " white man's friend," and many times his life was
endangered.
Before the Black Hawk war Shaubena met with his men in coun-
cil at two different times, and by his influence prevented his people
from taking part with the Sacs and Foxes. After the death of Black
Partridge and Senachwine, no chief among tlie Pottawatomies exerted
so much influence as Shaubena. Black Hawk, aware of this influ-
ence, visited him at two different times, in order to enlist him in his
cause, but was unsuccessful. While Black Hawk was a prisoner at
Jefferson Barracks he said, had it not been for Shaubena the whole
Pottawatomie nation would have joined his standard, and he could
have continued the war for years.
To Shaubena many of the early settlers of this county owe the
preservation of their lives, for he was ever on the alert to save the
whites. He visited the settlement in the northeast part of the
county, telling them if they did not leave they would be killed. John
Essex, David Cooper, Thomas Essex, Sr., and Thomas, Jr., with their
families, immediately set out for the fort near Pekin. Here they re-
mained until December, when all returned to their homes except
Thomas Essex, Jr., who never came back to the county, but moved
near Peoria, where he yet lives.
Shaubena, by saving the lives of the whites endangered his own,
for the Sacs and Foxes threatened to kill him, and made two attempts
to execute their threats. They killed Pypeogee, his son, and Pyps,
his nephew, and hunted him down as though he was a wild beast.
Shaubena had a reservation of two sections of land at his grove, but
by leaving it and going west for a short time the government declared
the reservation forfeited, and sold it the same as other vacant land.
Shaubena finding on his return his possessions gone, was very sad
and broken down in spirit, and left the grove for ever. The citizens
of Ottawa raised money and bought him a tract of land on the
Illinois river, above Seneca, in Grundy county, on which they built a
house and supplied him with means to live on. He lived here until
his death, which occurred on the 17th of July, 1859, in the 84th
year of his age, and was buried with great pomp in the cemetery at
156 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Morris. His squaw Pokanoka was drowned in Mazen creek, Grundy
county, on the 30th of November, 1864, and was buried by his side.
In 1861 subscriptions were taken up in many of the river towns to
erect a monument over the remains of Shaubena, but, the war break-
ing out, the enterprise was abandoned. Only a plain marble slab
marks the resting-place of this friend of the white man.
Shaubena often came to the house of John Essex, of Lynn town-
ship. He always was very kind to them, and on one occasion brought
them a quarter of deer which he had killed himself. In after times
when the younger Indians, knowing the popularity of Shaubena with
the whites, called for something to eat and were asked whose papooses
they were, they would invariably answer Shaubena's, thinking they
would certainly get the food then, which they alwa} T s did.
Shaubena came to William Morris, who lived in Persifer township,
and told him if he would go with him to the northeast corner of the
township he would show him a silver mine, which was marked by a
big flat rock. Mr. Morris, not knowing that Shaubena was a friend
to the whites, was afraid to go, for he thought the Indian wanted to
kill him. Finally, in his travels over the country, in company with
his wife, he found a bee-tree laded with honey. On their way home
with their honey they came across the rock Shaubena had told them
about. The location and description being as the Chief had defined,
he several times after the first visit went in search of the rock, but
failed to find it.
During the Black Hawk war two Indians came to Mr. Essex's,
when his wife was alone. She was a brave pioneer woman, and ordi-
narily would have experienced no fear had the number been a dozen;
but this time she felt quite timid. She believed them to be spies,
which indeed they were, as was subsequently discovered. They were
learning the movements of the people, whether or not they were pre-
paring to leave. On their arrival they asked for some potatoes to
cook and honey to eat with them as they would gravy.
As referred to above, the Black Hawk war caused no little uneasi-
ness to the Fraker Grove settlement. For two summers the settlers,
finding it unsafe to remain there, sought refuge at Henderson fort.
The first season, hearing that peace was declared, they returned to
their homes about harvesting time. They repeated their journey to
the fort the next spring. On their first trip, as they came to "Walnut
creek they found the stream so greatly swollen by recent rains that
they could not cross. While waiting for the water to fall the Indian
chief Miximack, who had followed them, came up. He quietly^took
his steel, struck fire and lit his pipe. Sullenly he sat smoking.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 157
doubtless musing on the slaughter of whites of this county, which he
thought would soon occur. Mrs. Fraker, who also was accustomed to
smoking, as many of the pioneer women were, asked him for some
fire to light her pipe. On complying with her request he said,
" You'll have plenty of fire by and by." She interpreted this to mean
that the Indians engaged in the war would soon give them plenty of
fire. This statement frightened her still more. Miximack was a
rough, burly Indian, and feared by all the settlers.
The following year the Rangers came to Fraker's settlemoit and
told them to go to the fort. The soldiers remained in the neighbor-
hood that night, and the next day the settlers, before leaving, intended
to give them a dinner of chicken; but when they went after them in
the morning not a chicken was to be found. The soldiers had doubt-
less feasted upon chicken without giving the settlers the trouble of
serving them.
A few of the Rangers remained and accompanied the people to the
fort. Their crops had all been put in, and were growing finely.
They returned, however, in time to harvest their small grain. All
returned to their homes except Miss Amelia Fraker, now Mrs. James
Jackson of La Fayette, Stark county, who remained with friends at
Henderson.
The greatest scare ever given the settlers was by young Atwood, son
of Mr. Atwood who lived in Warren county. He was in the timber
hunting the cows, when, knowing the timidity of the settlers and
being, like his father, fond of a joke at others' expense, he conceived
the idea of giving the settlers a " big scare." Knowing the people
would discredit any statement he might make without other proof
than his word, he divested himself of his clothing, hung it on the
limb of a tree, and shot several bullet holes through the different
garments. In order to show the effects of the bullets on his body, he
took a stick and irritated the flesh near, or in range, with the various
bullet holes in his clothing, afterward claiming the balls only grazed
him. Everything being at length arranged to suit him, he started
for home, running at full speed, and yelling with all his power, " The
Indians are coming! The Indians are coming!" Of course the
settlers were soon in a great degree of commotion. Men, women
and children were starting pell-mell toward the forts. Consternation
was so great among the easily duped and frightened people that
nothing was thought of but fleeing from the corning savages and the
saving of their lives; so that everything in their homes was conse-
quently left in the greatest haste and most disorderly manner. When
158 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the people learned how cruelly their fears had been played upon and
they had been deceived, their indignation knew no bounds.
After the surrender of Black Hawk in August, 1832, hostilities
ceased. There now being no danger of Indians molesting the settlers,
vigorous and active preparations were made and measures inaugu-
rated by them for the improvement of their homes.
In 1833 the quiet and tranquillity into which the pioneers had
settled was partially disturbed by the rumor that the Indians were
dissatisfied with the treaty they had made, and were resolved upon
another war. This report, however, happily proved to be unfounded ;
and never since have the rumors of '' Indians coming" been heard in
Knox county.
if*, i
/ '
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 161
CHAPTER IV.
GEOLOGY OF KNOX COUNTY.
The following chapter is gleaned from a geological survey made by
the State geologist, A. H. Worthen, in 1870. Knox county com-
prises a superficial area of twenty townships, or seven hundred square
miles. It is bounded on the north by Henry county, on the east by
Stark and Peoria, on the south by Fulton, on the west by Warren
and Mercer. The fourth principal meridian passes along its west-
ern border; the southeastern part of the county is intersected by
Spoon river, which enters it in township 11, range 4, and passes out
in township 9, range 2; French and Littler's creeks lie to the east;
while Haw and Court creeks, with their branches, the larger of which
are Brush, Middle, North and Sugar creeks, lie on the west. In the
northeast is Walnut creek, a branch of Spoon river, while in the
northwest Cedar, Henderson and Pope creeks have their origin, and
run to the westward.
By these and some smaller streams this county is well watered-
Springs, though not numerous, are occasionally found along the
lower lands. G.ood wells may generally be found at a depth varying
from 15 to 50 feet. A larger portion of the country is prairie, but so
numerous are the streams that the prairies are commonly but a few
square miles in extent. The soil does not present any material dif-
ference from other counties in this portion of the State, and is of the
usual dark-colored vegetable loam, with a brown clay sub-soil. That
along the water courses is generally of less depth and lighter in color.
SURFACE GEOLOGY.
This embraces the usual subdivisions of the quarternary, with the
exception of the loess, which was not noticed. The alluvial deposits
are riot extensive, seldom over a mile or so in width and commonly
much less, and comprise the bottom lands found along nearly all the
water courses. The soil is dark-colored loam, frequently intermin-
gled with sand and gravel. The drift is spread over the entire sur-
face of the uplands, to a depth of from ten to sixty feet, perhaps
occasionally a little more. It comprises a series of yellow and blue
162 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
clay, here and there mixed with sand and gravel. Boulders of igne-
ous and metamorphic rocks are not uncommon in it, and may be fre-
quently seen along the courses of the streams. Wells are not
usually sunk entirely through this deposit, an abundant supply of
good water being found before the coal measures are reached, though
occasionally they go deeper, and good water is sometimes found in
the coal measures. All the stratified rocks exposed in Knox county
belong to the coal measures, and they comprise a series of sandstones,
limestones, clays, shales, and seams of coal, and represent the middle
and lower part of the series of coal 'No. 6 of the Illinois section to
coal No. 1 inclusive.
The upper seam, No. 6, is found principally in the eastern half of
the county. It varies in thickness from four to six feet and affords a
good quality of coal. In this and the adjoining counties it has a clay
band about a foot and a half to two feet from the bottom and fre-
quently several other clay partitions. In the western half of Victoria
township, a coal seam has been extensively worked. Mines have also
been opened in sections 5, 17, 18, 19, 29, 30, 31, and 32. In some
mines coal runs as thick as six feet. At the mines of P. Peterson,
Esq., in the northwest part of the northwest quarter of section 32,.
and some others in the vicinity, the coal was thicker than in the
mines in the northern part of the township. The overlying limestone
is here quite hard and durable, and is worked somewhat for building
stone. In township 12, range 3, mines have been worked in sections
1, 10, 11, 18, 19, and 20; east of Wataga, township 12, range 2, in sec-
tions 13, 15, 22, 23, and 24. Much coal has been taken from this seam
in the mines of John A. Lighten, Esq. In section 12 the following
section was obtained:
1 Clay shale, not measured
2 Limestone, 1 foot 6 in. to 2 feet.
3 Clay, 6 in.
4 Black slate 8 in. to 2 feet.
5 Coal, 4 feet 2 in.
8 Clay, not measured
The center of section 24, limestone is found in considerable quan-
tities which makes good lime.
In township 11, range 3, there are mines in sections 3, 4 and 5, and
the coal is reported to belong to this seam, and to be from 4 to 5 feet
thick. In section 15, township 10, range 4, the coal appears along
the bluffs a number of feet above the stream. A seam of limestone
is worked at this place. This limestone is again exposed and worked
in the southeast quarter of section 25, township 9, range 4. It is
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 163
quite hard at this point and makes a valuable building stone and
being 4 feet thick can be quarried more readily than at most other
localities in the region where it is thinner. It also forms a good roof
for the coal below, there being but 6 inches of shale limestone be-
tween. This seam is worked in sections 23, 24, 31, and probably 32
and 33. There is also a mine in 35, township 9, range 3. At this
point the coal is found high up in the hill, and is reported to be some-
what rotten.
The mines formerly worked by Messrs. Camp & Powell at Oneida,
section 36, township 13, range 2, also belongs to this seam. The next
seam, No. 4, of the Illinois section, usually lies from forty to sixty feet
below this one. This coal is seldom less than three or more than four
feet in thickness. Mines which appear to be in this seam are worked
in 2 and 3, township 13, range 1. In the cannel coal, No. 4 of this
section, there are the remains of fishes and plants, some of which are
beautifully preserved, though generally quite fragmentary.
The mines along Sugar creek and its branches, in township 12,
range 3, may belong to this seam, or perhaps to No. 6. The coal
furnished by these mines was reported to be of superior quality, and
this would seem to indicate that it belonged to No. 6.
South of Spoon river there are a number of mines along Littler's
creek in sections 26, 27, 28, 34 and 35, township 9, range 3. A sec-
tion here gave:
Feet.
1 Sandstone, 3 to 5
2 Clay shale 8 to 12
3 Clay, 2
4 Black slate, 2 to 4
5 Coal, 2 to 3
6 Clay shale, not measured.
This seam, though not as extensively worked as No. 6, underlies a
much larger portion of the country. It probably underlies township
13, ranges 2, 3 and 4, and the eastern part of range 1.
A short distance southwest of Milroy a thin seam was reported.
A thin seam was reported somewhere from twenty to forty feet below
the one now worked there, which appears to be No. 6. Should this
lower seam be No. 4, it is much thinner here than it is usually, and is
probably No. 5. It probably underlies township 12, ranges 2, 3 and
4, township 11, range 2, and the southeastern part of range 1, and
the northern borders of ranges 3 and 4, perhaps the eastern part of
township 10, range 4, and township 9, range 4, and the southern
164 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
half of range 3. The coal from this seam is generally of fair quality,
but is a little harder and not as well liked as that from Wo. 6.
In township 10, range 1, there is a coal seam worked in several
places which may be No. 3 (?) of the Illinois section.
Abundance of fossil plants were found in some portions of the shale
overlying the coal seam of this section, for which there are scientific
names; but as there are no English names, we give no list here.
Wear the former site of D. E. Hall's mill, section 5, township 13,
range 1, there is an outcrop of limestone along Pope creek close to the
water's edge. It is supposed there is abed of coal but a few feet below
this, but the matter had not been thoroughly tested when I was there.
Should it prove to be so, it seems quite probable that it may be the
same seam, Wo. 3 of the general section, and the same as the one
formed in the southwestern part of the township 14, range 2 west,
in Mercer county. Much of the limestone in this outcrop is highly
fossiliferous, and contains many well preserved remains.
The next coal seam, number 2 of the Illinois section, is generally
from a foot and a half to three feet in thickness. This coal is con-
sidered fully equal in quality to that of any other seam found in the
county. In township 12, range 1, a coal that appears to be the equiv-
alent of this seam is worked in sections 20, 21, 29, 30, 32 and 33. The
seam is from two to three feet thick, with from one to three feet of clay
shale and a band of limestone above, and a floor of fire-clay. In sec-
tion 23 and near the south west corner of 16, township 11, range 2 it
is again worked. From here along down Court creek to its mouth,
and on some of its branches, this seam has been more or less worked
in sections 19, 22 and 23, township 11, range 3, also in sections 13 and
35. In Truro, township 11, range 4, it appears in or near the bed of
Spoon river, and has been worked at various places. From here there
are outcrops along the river, at intervals, to near the south line of the
county.
West of the river, in township 10, range 3, this seam is worked in
sections 8, 16, 19 and 29, also in township 10, range 2, in sections 14,
22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33 and 34. In section 33, along Hog creek,
specimens of cone-in-cone were found in considerable quantities.
West of this the coal has been found in sections 10, 14 and 23.
The lower seam, number 1, is not worked to any extent in but one
locality in Knox county, on section 21, township 12. range 1. It is
here worked by means of a shaft, which is about 30 feet deep. The
coal is 6 feet thick, but as much of the roof is not very" firm, and the
upper part of the coal is of an inferior quality, from 1 to 2 feet of
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 165
coal is left to strengthen the roof. In section 36. township 9, range
I, this seam has been found several feet below the bed of the little
stream that passes through it. In section 31, township 9, range 2, it
crops out in the bed of a small run, and a little coal has been taken
out here.
Coal number 2 first outcrops in the bed of Walnut creek, in sec-
tion 17, township 12, range 5, in Stark county. South of this it is
not again exposed, as far as I learned, between that point and section
14, township 11, range 4, in Knox county. From this point, upon
Spoon river, with its various windings, it runs to the west for about 5
miles, and south about 9 miles, from whence it passes to the south-
west till it leaves the county. From where this coal first appears in
Knox county it is occasionally exposed along the river, and near its
bed to a point a little beyond, where the river turns south. In the
northwest quarter of section 6, township 10, range 4, it lies low in
the bed of the river, and is frequently torn up in considerable quan-
tities by the action of the current at high water, and is sometimes
worked when the river is very low. Some 2 or 3 miles south, near
the bridge, it appears a little above the bed of the river. At Bur-
nett's mill, section 34, township 10, range 3, the coal lies some 10 or
more feet above the level of the river; but southwest of this, in sec-
tion 10, township 9, range 3, it is worked in the bed of the river. In
sections 26 and 27, township 9, it again appears.
ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. STONE FOR BUILDING.
Knox county has but a limited supply of good building stone.
Some portions, however, have sufficient for their own wants. North
of Knoxville, in the western half of sections 16 and 21, township
II, range 2, quarries have been opened in a heavy sandstone bed.
Some portions of the rock do not appear to be of much value, while
others, though soft, form a durable material for the use of the builder.
In the northwest quarter of section 16 there is a quarry that affords
an entirely different rock. It is a dark-drab-colored conglomerate,
spotted by darker, slate-colored pebbles. By exposure it changes, on
its surface, to a lighter and yellowish color that is mellow and pleas-
ing in its effect. It is compact, moderately hard and makes a valu-
able building stone. The foundation stone of the " fire-proof" build-
ing attached to the court-house in Knoxville was obtained from this
locality. Sections 27, 33 and 34, township 10, range 2, furnish some
building stone. Some of the other localities are section 14, township
10, range 3; section 27, township 10, range 4; and sections 21, 27,
166 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
35 and 36, township 9, range 3. Some of these quarries are large,
and considerable amount of material have been taken from them.
The ledge of limestone, which lies just above coal number 6, and is
from 1 to 4 feet thick, has been considerably worked where so ex-
posed as to be readily obtained. One of the largest quarries in this
limestone is south of Yates City, in section 25, township 9, range 4.
The bed is here 4 feet thick, and yields a hard, dark-drab or grayish-
colored compact rock, which readily breaks into good shape for build-
ing purposes.
LIMESTONE FOR LIME.
This is rarely found in any abundance. In township 12, range 2,
near the center of section 24, considerable quantities of limestone are
found, which is manufactured into lime, yielding a fair article. Else-
where the manufacture has been attempted only on a small scale. For
the most part Knox county has to depend upon localities more favored
in this respect for its supply of lime.
COAL.
The best and largest quantity is furnished by the upper seam, num-
ber 6. This is principally worked in township 12, ranges 2, 3 and 4,
and in townships 9 and 10, range 4. This seam is from 4 to 6 feet
thick, and at many of the mines it is comparatively free from foreign
substances, and hence requires but little sorting. " Horsebacks" or
slips, which in some places greatly injure this seam, are not so
numerous in this county as elsewhere. The coal is somewhat lighter
than that from seam number 4, and is preferred by blacksmiths.
Number 4 furnishes the northwestern part of the county with a
good supply of coal of a fair quality, and the mines in this seam are
among the best in the county. Nearly all the coal obtained in town-
ship 11, range 2, is probably from this seam, and also that from
township 9, range 3. It is also worked in some other places, and
affords a coal of good quality, and harder than that from number 6.
It does not kindle as easily, but lasts longer, and for some purposes
is preferred.
Coal number 3. This is worked in township 10, range 1, and fur-
nishes a good coal, and the larger part of the supply for this section.
The remaining portions of the county are furnished by mines, which
probably are in coal number 2. At most places where worked this
coal is of excellent quality, and usually pretty free from admixture
with other substances. It is largely used for, and well adapted to,
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 16V
blacksmithing purposes. Though this is the thinnest seam worked,
yet the amount obtained from it is quite large.
From this it will be seen that Knox county is abundantly supplied
with good coal, there being but three townships in which coal is not
mined now, viz., township 13, ranges 2, 3 and 4; and in two of them
it has been worked formerly, and probably not less than two workable
seams may be found in every part of these townships.
168 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER Y.
ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY.
QUADRUPEDS.
Many of the various species of animals that roamed the native
prairies of Knox count}', or made their homes in the wild forests
within its borders, and lived undisturbed and free from the haunt of
the hound or the crack of the hunter's rifle, are gone from this sec-
tion forever. Not even a specimen is preserved in taxidermy. The
buffalo which grazed upon the verdant prairies has been driven west-
ward. With or before it went the beaver, elk, badger, panther, black
wolf and black bear. Some animals that were quite numerous have
become very rare, such as the gray fox, the catamount, otter, lynx,
and the beautiful Virginia deer.
There still remain many of the different species, mostly inhabiting
the country adjacent to Spoon river and a few of the other larger
streams. These are, however, fast disappearing, and ere long will be
known only in history, as are the deer, the beaver, and the bison.
Among those still to be found here are the gray wolf, which is numer-
ous in some parts, the opossum, raccoon, mink, muskrat, the common
weasel, the small brown weasel, skunk, woodchuck, or Maryland mar-
mot, prairie mole, common shrew mole, meadow and deer mouse, and
the gray rabbit. Of squirrels there are the gray timber squirrel, the
fox, chipmunk, the large, gray prairie squirrel, the striped and the
spotted prairie squirrel, and the beautiful flying squirrel. The dark
brown and the reddish bat are common. Other small animals have
been found here which have strayed frorti other localities.
BIRDS.
Of the 5,000 existing species of birds many have sojourned in this
county, some temporarily, and others for a considerable time. Many
migratory species come only at long intervals, and therefore but little
is known of them.
There are certainly no more beautiful ornaments for parlor or
drawing-room than a well preserved collection of stuffed birds; and it
is a matter of great wonder that more of the schools of the county
have not turned their attention in this direction. There is not a more
fascinating study than that afforded by our feathered friends. Their
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 169
free movement through seemingly boundless space, the joyous songs
of many, and the characteristic tones of all, their brilliant colors, their
lively manners, and their wonderful instincts, have from the earliest
ages made a strong impression on men's minds, and in the infancy of
intellect gave rise to many peculiar and mysterious associations.
Hence the flight of birds was made the foundation of a peculiar art
of divination. Religion borrowed many symbols from them and
poetry many of its ornaments. Birds avail themselves of their powers
of wing to seek situations adapted for them in respect to temperature
and supply of food. The arrival of summer birds is always a wel-
come sign of advancing spring, and is associated with all that is cheer-
ful and delightful. Some birds come almost at the same date annu-
ally; others are more influenced by the character of the season, as
mild or severe.
A collection of bird's eggs make a beautiful ornament also, and are
easy of access, require but little care, and will create a lively interest
in the study of birds and their habits. The following list is as nearly
correct as can be compiled from the available information upon the
subject:
Perchers. This order of birds is by far the most numerous, and
includes nearly all those which are attractive either in plumage or in
song. The ruby-throated humming-bird, with its exquisite plumage
and almost ethereal existence, is at the head of the list. This is the
humming-bird which is always the delight of the children, and is the
only one found in Illinois. The chimney swallow, easily known from
other swallows by its very long wings and forked tail, and which is a
true swift, is quite numerous. Of the whippoorwill family thbre are
two representatives, the whippoorwill proper, whose note enlivens
the forests at night, and the night-hawk. The belted king-fisher, so
well known to the school boy, is the only member of its family in
this region. At the head of the fly-catchers is the king-bird, the
crested fly-catcher and the wood pewee.
Of the sub-order of singers there are the following: The robin,
the wood thrush, Wilson's thrush, the blue-bird, the ruby-crowned
and the golden-crested wren, tit-lark, the black and the white creeper,
blue yellow-backed warbler, yellow-breasted chat, worm-eating war-
bler, blue-winged yellow warbler, Tennessee warbler, and golden-
crowned thrush. Shrike family. This family is represented by the
great northern shrike, red- eyed fly-catcher, white-eyed fly-catcher,
the blue-headed and the yellow-throated fly-catcher. Swallow family.
This family of birds are very numerous in Knox county. Among
them are the barn swallow, white-bellied swallow, bank swallow,
1YO HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
cliff swallow, and purple martin. Wax-wing family. The cedar
bird is the representative of the wax-wing in America. Mock-
ing-Bird family. The genera of this family are the cat-bird,
brown thrush, the house and the winter wren. Finch and Spar-
row family. The snow bunting and Smith's bunting appear only
in winter. The purple finch, the yellow bird and the lark finch
inhabit this county. Of the passerine genus of this family are the
Savannah sparrow, the field and the chipping sparrow, the black snow-
bird, the tree sparrow, the song sparrow, the swamp and the fox-
colored sparrow, the black-throated bunting, the rose- breasted gros-
beak and the ground robin. Titmouse family are represented by
the chickadee and the tufted titmouse. Creeper family. There are
two specimens of this family, the white-bellied nut-hatch and the
American creeper. Skylark family. This melodious family is rep-
resented here by only the common skylark of the prairie. Black-
bird family. The rusty blackbird, the crow blackbird, the cow-bird,
the red-winged blackbird, the meadow lark, the orchard and the Balti-
more orioles of this family, are the most beautiful and brilliant of
birds that inhabit this region. Crow family. The blue-jay and
the common crow comprise the species of this family.
Birds of Prey. This order of birds comprises all those, with few
exceptions, which pursue and capture birds and other animals for
food. They are mostly of large size, the females are larger than the
males, they live in pairs, and choose their mates for life. Most rap-
torial birds have disappeared. Among them are the golden eagle,
which was always rare but now no longer seen here; the bald eagle,
or properly the white-headed eagle, once quite common, now very
scarce, no longer breeds here, but strays from the heavy timber on
the Illinois river. Some well preserved specimens of this genus are
in the county. This eagle enjoys the honor of standing as our
national emblem. Benjamin Franklin lamented the selection of this
bird as emblematical of the Union, for its great cowardice. It has the
ability of ascending in circular sweeps without any apparent motion
of the wings or the tail, and it often rises in this manner until it dis-
appears from view; when at an immense height, and as if observing
an object on the ground, it sometimes closes it wings, and glides
toward the earth with such velocity that the eye can scarcely follow
it, causing a loud rustling sound like a violent gust of wind among
the branches of the forest. The Hawk family are eight or nine
species, some but seldom seen, others common. The turkey-buzzard
has almost, if not quite, disappeared. Of the owl genera are several
species, though all are but seldom seen because of|their nocturnal
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 173
habits. Among them are the barn owl, the screech owl, the long
and the short-eared owl, the barred owl, and the snowy owl, the latter
being the rarest.
Climbers. But few of this order remain in the county, the most
common of which are the woodpeckers. Of the various kinds there
are the golden-winged, the pileated, the hairy, the downy, the yel-
low-bellied, red- bellied and the red-headed. At an early day the Car-
olina parrot was often seen, but has now entirely deserted this sec-
tion. The yellow and black-billed cuckoos are occasionally seen.
Scratchers. This order contains but few genera in this county.
The wild turkey, the choicest of game, has almost entirely disappeared,
and was the only one of its family that ever sojourned here. In an
early day they were in abundance. Grouse family. The chiefest
among this family is the prairie chicken, which, if not carefully pro-
tected, must ere long follow the wild turkey, never to return. The
ruffled grouse, wrongfully called " pheasant," has of late made its ap-
pearance. It is quite fond of cultivated fields, and, if properly pro-
tected and encouraged until it becomes firmly settled, will make a
fine addition to the game, and fill the place of the prairie chicken.
Partridge family. The fate of that excellent bird, the quail, is only
a question of a short time. The Dove family. The wild pigeons
continue to make their semi-annual visits, but not in such vast num-
bers as years ago. Acres of forest were often so filled at night with
these birds that the breaking of boughs and the flying of pigeons
made a noise that could be heard for miles, and the shot of a sports-
man's gun could not be heard at a distance of ten feet. Highly in-
teresting is the description by Audubon of the enormous flights which
he observed on the Ohio in the fall of 1813; they obscured the day-
light and lasted three days without interruption. According to a very
moderate estimate of his, each flight contained the stupendous number
of one billion, one hundred and fifteen thousand million, one hundred
and thirty-six thousand pigeons. These flights caused a general com-
motion among the entire rural population. Desirous of booty and anx-
ious lest their crops should be spoiled, the farmers, arming themselves
with rifles, clubs, poles, torches and iron pots filled with sulphur, pro-
ceed to the resting-places of the birds. The work of slaughter being
accomplished, everybody sat down among mountains of dead pigeons,
plucking and salting the birds which they selected, abandoning the
rest to the foxes, wolves, raccoons, opossums and hogs, whole herds of
which were driven to the battle field. The plaintive notes of the Car-
olina dove, commonly known as the turtle-dove, are still heard.
Swimmers. This order of birds, which formerly frequented this
11
174 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
county in large numbers, have almost disappeared. They are migra-
tory, and in their usual season would appear coining from the north
or south, as winter passes into summer or summer into winter.
Diver family. The great northern diver, or loon, sometimes
visits this section, but inhabits the frigid zone. Gull family. Of
this family are "Wilson's tern and the silvery gull. Pelican family.
The rough-billed pelican was the only genus of this family that
ever stopped in Knox county, and it has now altogether ceased to make
its visits here. Cormorant family. The double-crested cormorant, or
sea raven, has been seen here. Duck family. This family of mi-
gratory birds visited the ponds and streams of this county in large
numbers before it became so thickly settled, both on their northern
and southern passage. There are the wood duck, the big black-headed
duck, the ring- necked duck, the red-head, the canvas-back, the dipper,
the sheldrake or goosander, the fish duck, the red -breasted and the
hooded merganser, the mallard and the pintail, the green-winged and
the blue-winged teal, the spoonbill and the gadwall, the baldpate, the
American swan, the trumpeter swan and the white-fronted goose,
all of which often swam upon the waters of Knox.
Waders. Probably less is known of this order of birds than of
any other, because of their slyness and solitary habits. They fre-
quented the marshes, but cultivation has drained their favorite haunts.
Crane family. The whooping crane, always rare, is now never seen.
The sandbill cranes stop on their journeys north and south. Heron
family. The great blue heron or crane, least bittern, the green
heron, night heron and the American bittern, compose those of this
family visiting this region. His family. The glossy ibis has been
seen'here. Plover family. The golden plover, the killdeer and the
king plover comprise this family known here. Phalarope family.
The Wilson's and the red phalarope have frequented the swamps of this
county. Snipe family. Various birds of this family have been
common in and around the swamps of this county. Among them
were Wilson's snipe, gray or red-breasted snipe, the least and the
semi-palmated sandpiper, the willett, the tell-tale, the yellow-leg, the
solitary sandpiper, the spotted sandpiper, the field plover, long-billed
curlew, the common rail, the clapper rail or mud hen, and the coot.
Reptiles. All of the species of this class that ever inhabited this
region are still to be found here except the poisonous snakes. The
rattlesnake, of the genus crotalus, is of a yellowish brown color,
and has a series of horny joints at the end of the tail, which make
a rattling sound. These were the most venomous of all snakes found
here, and were numerous in the early settlement. There are two
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 175
kinds, the bandy or striped and the prairie rattlesnake, the latter being
still occasionally found. The copperhead was always rare. Among
the harmless snakes are the water- snake, the garter- snake, the bull-
snake, the milk-snake, the black-snake and the blue racer.
Many reptiles found here are erroneously called lizards, but are sal-
amanders and other like innocent creatures. Lizards are never found
in this county. Among the tortoises or turtles are found the map
turtle, the snapping and the soft-shelled turtle. Of the batrachian,
or naked reptiles, there are a few, and, though loathsome to sight and
touch, are harmless. The toad, the bull-frog, the leopard frog, the
tree toad, with some tailed batrachia, comprise the most of this order.
FISHES.
Although fishes are the lowest class of vertebrates, their varied
forms and colors, which often rival those of precious stones and bur-
nished gold, the wonderful power and velocity of some, the whole-
some food furnished by many, and the exciting sport of their capture,
combine to render fishes subjects of great interest to the casual ob-
server, as well as to the amateur and professional naturalist. The
number of known species of fishes is about ten thousand. The
waters of Knox county are not as prolific of fish as many other
streams in this latitude, yet they are not barren of the finny tribe,
and the sportsman often returns home heavily laden with choice
fish. Sickle-backed family. This family furnishes the game fish,
and are never caught larger than four pounds in weight. The various
genera found here are the black bass, goggle-eye, the croppy, or big
black sun-fish, and the two common sun-fish. Pike family. There
is but one species of this family, the pickerel, which is caught weigh-
ing from five to twenty-five pounds. Sucker family. Of this
tribe are the buffalo, red- horse, white sucker, two species of black-
suckers, mullet ranick. Fish of this family are found in all the
streams of the county. They abound wherever there is water. Cat-
fish, family. Of this voracious family the channel cat-fish, the mud
cat-fish and two species of the small cat-fish inhabit the waters of this
county, and are caught ranging in weight from one to thirty pounds.
Besides these varieties there are the chub, silver-sides and fresh- water
herring, and large numbers of other species denominated minnows,
which are found in the smallest spring branches, as well as the larger
streams.
176 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
BOTANY.
There are probably over 500 species of plants growing spontane-
ously within the bounds of Knox county, but we will not attempt to
give a complete list of the herbaceous plants, or indeed name any of
the mosses, mushrooms, etc.
TKEES AND SHRUBS.
While Nature has not given a great quantity of these, she has
furnished a liberal variety. In this respect Knox county is in ad-
vance of most of the Northern States. No one or two species of tree
monopolizes the ground in the forest, as they do in many sections of
the United States. Some of the less hardy shrubs, like the wild
prairie flowers, are slowly disappearing before the encroachments of
civilization, yet we shall endeavor to enumerate them all, as well as
the trees.
Oak Family. The White Oak is king of the forest trees in this
country in respect to grandeur, strength and general utility, and in
early day afforded " mast," a first-class feed, for hogs running at large.
Those which wintered in the wild woods were often fat enough for
market in the spring, although not fed a grain by human hand. The
Burr Oak is a fine tree, with a rich and beautifully cut foliage. The
wood is valuable, and the acorns are sweet. They are buried in deep,
mossy cups, whence the tree is also called " overcup oak." The
Swamp White Oak is a tall tree and grows in low grounds. The Yel-
low Chestnut Oak is a tree of medium height and has leaves like those
of the chestnut. The Laurel Oak is a very common tree on gentle
slopes of ground, having the leaves undivided and somewhat like
laurel leaves in appearance: whence the name. In the days before the
railroads brought pine so plentifully into this prairie country, the peo-
ple found this one of the best trees for making shingles: whence it is
also called " shingle oak." Barren Oak, or " black jack," is scarce,
being found mostly in sandy barrens. It seldom exceeds 25 feet in
height. Leaves, wedge-shaped and three-lobed. Black Oak, or "yel-
low oak," has the inner bark yellower than the other oaks have, and is
valuable for dyeing and tanning. Externally the bark is very rough
and almost black. The tree is large and quite common. Red.Oak is
a tall, handsome tree on northern hill-sides and_in shady woods. The
acorn cup is flat and saucer-shaped. Swamp- Spanish Oak, or i{ pin
oak," is found, but is scarce. The tree is much like red oak, but is
not so tall. All the white-barked oaks decay on the outside first, and
all the black-barked varieties decay first on the inside. Hence rail&
made of any of the black oaks have a hard exterior and seem sound
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 177
long after all the inside is rotten, thus being very deceptive; but
white-oak rails last many years longer in the fence. The up-land
black oaks make a hotter fire than any other kind of wood. The Ha-
jzel-nut and two species of Iron-wood belong also to the oak family,
botanically speaking. The iron- wood, which is also called " American
hornbeam," " blue beech," and " water beech," is a beautiful tree, but
is scarce. The more common species have the seeds of the appear-
ance of hops.
Birch Family. The Red Birch is the only member of this family
found in Knox county. The outer bark peels itself off horizontally
around the trunk and limbs, like that of the cherry.
Willow Family. The Prairie Willow is small, and was very com-
mon before the white man's plow deprived it of its native home.
The Glaucous Willow grows 8 to 10 feet high, and is common. The
Black Willow grows 15 to 25 feet high, twigs brittle at the base, bark
of the trunk somewhat black, and the leaves pointed at each end.
Common. The Long-leaved Willow occurs, growing generally as a
small shrub. The Shining Willow, and possibly one or two other
species, can be found. To the Willow Family belong also the Quak-
ing Asp, or Aspen, the Cotton- wood, the Silverleaf Poplar, Lombardy
Poplar, and Balm-of-Gilead, all of which grow spontaneously in this
county, although the last three have been introduced by the settlers.
Of the Aspen there are two kinds, the American and the Large-
toothed. The poplars and the Balm-of-Gilead have a great ten-
dency to sprout from the roots. The Lombardy poplar does not
prosper well in this windy country. It grows too tall.
'Walnut Family. The Black Walnut is a large, noble and most
valuable tree, too well known to need description. It is yet u com-
mon " in this county. A few Butternuts, or " white walnut," are
also found. The wood is of a lighter color and more brittle than that
of black walnut. It is now being used for veneering. Of the Shell-
bark Hickory there are two kinds, one with a scaly bark and fur-
nishing most of our hickory-nuts in the market, and the other with a
smoother bark and lighter heart-wood, and bearing the largest kind
of hickory-nut. The Bitter-nut Hickory is very common.
Plane-tree Family. The only representative in America is the
Button-wood, or " sycamore," a large, coarse, white-barked tree com-
mon in river " bottoms," but is of little value. A few grow within
the limits of Knox county.
Nettle Family. At the head of this family stands the American
or White Elm. Although so common in the forest, it promises to be-
come one of the most popular ornamental or shade trees. The Red
178 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Elm ("slippery-elm") is scarce. Called "red" on account of having
red heart-wood, while the white elm has white heart-wood. The
Hackberry is a beautiful tree, of full forest height, hardy and tough.
The Mulberry is very scarce.
Rose Family. The Crab-apple, Wild Plum, "Wild Black Cherry
and Ked Haw (two species) are abundant, the cherry on high land
and the rest along the streams. There are also found the Choke-
cherry, Nine-bark (a shrub), Black Raspberry, Blackberry (and possi-
bly the Dewberry), Chokeberry, two species of wild rose (Early and
Dwarf), and a very few June-berry. The Blackberry has been very
abundant, but its ground the farmer finds more valuable for corn.
The other berries are very scarce. The Dwarf Wild Rose used to
ornament the prairies, especially their margins, but there is scarcely
any room left now-a-days for the modest little thing by the rough
hand of agriculture.
Maple Family. The White Maple, commonly called "soft maple,"
is by far the most abundant, especially as a shade-tree in the towns
and villages; but is soft and brittle and the limbs, are easily broken
off by the wind, so that it is now about to be abandoned as a shade
or ornamental tree. As an example of the adaptability of the prairie
to the growth of timber, we may refer to the fact that the first set-
tlers here 30 to 40 years ago planted the common locust ; and after it
grew up 20 to 35 feet high the worms and the winds made an unsight-
ly tree of it, and the white maple (acer dasycarpurn) was next resorted
to, which has already attained the height of 40 and 50 feet, with top
and trunk in due proportion. Box Elder and Sugar Maple (both mem-
bers of this family) and white elm are now being substituted, thus
making the third crop of good sized forest trees raised on this prairie
within the short space of civilized life here. The Sugar, or " hard,"
Maple makes the most beautiful and durable shade-tree, as well as
ornamental tree, but it is of slow growth. Indeed, durability and
slowness of growth necessarily go together. Box. Elder is of a scrub-
by form, and the least esteemed of the three most popular shade trees.
As members of this family there are also the Bladder-nut, a beautiful
little bush, and the Buckeye, a tree of heavy foliage, soft wood, and
large, poisonous nuts, and growing only in the river bottoms. Like
the currant, it sheds its leaves in August.
Custard-Apple Family. The Pawpaw is found in this county.
This fruit is abundant along the Illinois river.
Linden Family. Bass-wood everybody knows. It is also called
" white- wood," "linden," and "lime-tree," and in the Southern States
is known only by the name of " lin," from its old European name lind,
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 179
which gave the family name to the great Linnaeus, the father of botan-
ists.
Rue Family. The Prickly Ash used to be a common bush or
shrub, but is now fast disappearing. It is characterized by a very
rank and pungent odor and taste, is covered with short briers or thorns,
and bears a small, brown berry. The Hop-tree, or " wafer ash," is a
small tree sometimes met with.
Cashew Family, or Sumachs. The Smooth Sumach is by far the
most abundant, growing even as weeds upon prairie farms. The
Fragrant Sumach and the Poison Ivy are said also to be found in
Knox county.
Buck-tliorn Family. Red-root, or New Jersey Tea, was abundant
in the margin of the uncultivated prairies, but is pretty well de-
stroyed at the present day. A decoction of its leaves has been em-
ployed as a substitute for China tea. Possibly a species of common
Buck-thorn may be found in this county.
Staff -tree Family. Burning-bush (" waahoo ") is a beautiful bush,
sometimes cultivated for the fine show of odd-shaped crimson berries
it displays after the leaves have fallen off. The Climbing Bittersweet
is also to be found in this county; but at the most is exceedingly rare.
Pulse Family. Trees and plants of this family are characterized
by bearing pods of seeds like beans. The Red-bud is a shrubby kind
of tree, and, contrary to waahoo, displays a red top in early spring,
before leaves appear on it or any other tree. The color is a beautiful
crimson, and is made by the buds and flowers. The Honey Locust is
famous for its large thorns and long pods, the inner border of the lat-
ter containing a large quantity of a sweet substance which tastes some-
thing like honey. A species or variety is said to occur which has but
few thorns, if any. A few specimens of the Kentucky Coffee-tree
grow in this county. The seeds of this tree are of the size of gum-
drops, and have a hard, glossy, beautiful shell. A small shrub often
called " swamp locust " is probably False Indigo.
Saxifrage Family. The Gooseberry, and Wild and Black Currants
thrive in this section, though the latter are not abundant.
Dogwood Family. Four species of Dogwood flourish here, the
most abundant of which is the Panicled Cornel, bearing white berries
about the size of peas.
Honeysuckle Family. The most " extensive individual " of this
family is the common Elder, growing like weeds in gardens and farms.
The Yellow Honeysuckle and Sweet Viburnum, or kt sheep-berry,"
re found in this vicinity, but are exceedingly rare. The Black Haw
180 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
is a common bush, averaging 10 feet in height, and producing very
edible sweet fruit.
Madder Family. The Button -bush flourishes on the borders of
ponds and streams.
Olive Family. It would sound more natural to Westerner's to call
this the Ash family, as the ash is the principal representative here.
The White Ash is the most prevalent kind, and is valuable on account
of its strength, hardness, durability and freedom from warping, as
well as its quality for making a blazing fire. The Blue Ash is about
as good. Distinguished from the White by having square twigs.
Perhaps two other species of ash can be found in the county, the
Green and the Swamp.
VINES.
Vine Family. The Winter or Frost Grape is common, and the
Summer Grape rare. The Virginia Creeper is also common.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
We will name only about 200 of the most common, growing spon-
taneously, and give them, as nearly as we can conveniently estimate,
in the order of their abundance, the more common first:
Growing Wild. Besides several species each of grass, sedge, ferns,
aster, golden-rod, wild sunflower, evening primrose, cone-flower, flea-
bane, cinquefoil, tick trefoil, violet, crowfoot, milk-weed, cress, loose-
strife, and beggar's-lice, there are the sneeze-weed, wood sorrel, wild
bergamot, strawberry, wild cranesbill, boneset, spring beauty, clear-
weed, arrow-head, tick-seed, blue cardinal flower, May apple, self-heal,
scouring rush, spider-wort, ginseng, sweet William (two species),
meadow parsnip (two or three species), cow-bane, wild onion, louse-
wort, vetchling, ditch stone-crop, cardinal flower, milk-vetch, three-
seeded mercury, pepper-root, wild mint, spotted touch-me-not, soft
rush (and probably one or two other species of rush), rue anemone,
liver-leaf, marsh marigold, early meadow rue, blood-root, Indian
turnip, mitre-wort, white and purple trilliums, cat-tail flag, cup-plant,
everlasting, avens, bell-flower, ox-eye, blue-joint grass, white lettuce,
hawk-weed, lobelia (medical), gentian, yellow adder's-tongue, harbin-
ger of spring, skull-cap, hare-bell, stone-root, groundsel, catch-fly,
false Solomon's seal, Gerardia (two species), dodder, wild senna, wood
sage, American pennyroyal, wood nettle, black snake-root, water plan-
tain, rattle- snake master, Dutchman's breeches, button snake-root,
Solomon's seal, blue cohosh, Seneca snake-root, bastard toad-flax,
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 181
arrow-leaved tear-thumb, iron-weed, water star-grass, peppermint,
Greek valerian, trumpet weed, hop, bell-wort, rosin-weed, prairie dock.
Growing in Cultivated and Waste Places. Blue-grass, white
clover, dandelion, water smart- weed, hog- weed (" rag-weed "), plan-
tain, door-weed ("goose-grass," two species), sneeze- weed, "wire-grass,
panic-grass (several species), fox-tail grass, hair-grass ("tickle-grass"),
spear-grass, shepherd's purse, green pig-weed, Spanish needle (three
species), chick-weed, purslane, common smart-weed, May-weed, goose-
foot (" lamb's-quarter"), ground ivy, blue vervain, hedge mustard,
yarrow, nightshade, cinquefoil (two species), mild water-pepper, mal-
low, burdock, white pig-weed (" tumble-weed "), wild sunflower (sev-
eral species), mother-wort, black mustard, chenopodium urbicum and
murale. Euphorbia maculata, orchard grass, wood sorrel, polygonum
Pennsylvanicum, clear- weed, wild pepper-grass, black bindweed, barn-
yard grass, biennial wormwood, sow thistle (?) (two species), scurvy
grass, convolvulus bindweed (three species?), catnip, cockle-bur, com-
mon thistle, three-seeded mercury, toad-flax, false red- top (grass), fes-
cue (grass), jimson-weed, red-top (grass), red clover, bouncing Bet,
curled dock ("yellow dock"), mullein, great rag-weed ("horse- weed"),
white vervain, timothy, cirsium altissimum, Indian mallow, ground
cherry, hemp, fetid marigold, cud- weed, bugle- weed, wire-grass (two
species), swamp milk-weed, horse-tail, green milk-weed, morning-glory,
speedwell, silk-weed, hop, scrophularia nodosa, verbena Aubletia
hoary vervain, climbing false buckwheat, wild balsam-apple, sida,
hedge nettle, fire-weed, tansy, chess, wild rye, buckwheat, white sweet
clover, asparagus, white mustard, poke, prince's feather (polygonum
orientale).
All plants growing in cultivated and waste grounds, except four
or five repeated in each of the above lists, may be considered as intro-
duced by Anglo-Saxon civilization. While the wild plants in the
woods are supposed to be the same now as originally, the prairie has
changed its grassy clothing for cultivated crops and hundreds of dif-
ferent weeds. Before settlement by the whites the prairie was mostly
covered by one kind of grass. Several other kinds could be found,
especially in places here and there, notably the blue-joint, which grew
the tallest of any. Along the sloughs and in other wet places there
was the slough grass and several species of golden rod, aster and wild
sunflower. All other kinds of weeds were scarce. Here and there
were patches of rosin weed. But the golden-rod, aster, and sunflower
made beautiful yellow stripes across the prairies in low places, which
were peculiarly charming. In the earliest stages of the growth of
prairie grass it was interspersed with little flowers the violet, straw-
182 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
berry-blossom and others of the most delicate structure. Soon these
disappeared, and taller flowers, displaying more lively colors, took
their place, and still later, a series of still higher, but less delicately
formed flowers appeared. While the grass was green the prairies
were adorned with every imaginable variety of color. In the summer
the plants grew taller and the colors more lively; in autumn another
generation of flowers came. A poetess writes in the Rnoxville Jour-
nal of March 7, 1850, as follows:
Where'er I turn my eyes
There springs a lily: here the wild pink vies
With clustering roses and the rich blue-bell,
The morning-glories and the daffodil,
And countless others. How and whence they came,
I leave for botanists to tell and name.
The original prairie grass can scarcely be found anywhere now. It
cannot stand close pasturage. The blue or June grass bears pastur-
age the best of any; but where live stock are kept off this grass, it
will be eradicated by other kinds of grass. A curious fact similar to
this, and of interest to botanists, is the eradication of the May-weed
along the road-sides by hog-weed, smart-weed and Spanish needles.
Possibly this has been aided by the greater amount of wet weather
for a few years past.
The most troublesome weeds which are on the increase at the pres-
ent time are the common and the tall thistle, Indian mallow, toad-
flax, wild lettuce or sow thistle, and jimson-weed. Clear- weed and
mercury are becoming abundant in the gardens and door-yards where
shade trees are plentiful, but they are not troublesome.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 185
CHAPTER VI.
ARCHAEOLOGY.
A history of the county might be considered incomplete without
some reference to the antiquities of the county. It is to be regretted
that the subject has been left so long without investigation. Many
of the aboriginal remains have been removed from the county, no
record being left of their character or locality where found. Many
more have been lost. Attention was called to the subject by the
Smithsonian Institution a few months ago, and M. A. McClelland,
of Knoxville, has made some examinations and a short report to the
Institution, which he designs supplementing by further examinations
and a subsequent report. His first report was accompanied by some
very perfect specimens of stone axes, celts, discoidal stones, and arrow-
heads. His present collection consists in some unique specimens,
notably a double-bitted war-ax, hour-glass in shape, with very perfect
grooves sunk in the constricted part for the firm attachment of a
withe handle. This specimen and a large stone ax were found in the
vicinity of the trail leading from near the mouth of Court creek,
northwest to Henderson Grove, or to the trail known as the old Galena
trail, running northwest from Maquon through the county.
Among his present specimens are seven very perfect arrow-points,
so near alike in size, shape and character of stone from which they
are made, as not easily to be distinguished. These were found en cache
on the farm of Myers A. Eiker, northeast quarter of section 16,
Orange township. Numerous other specimens were obtained from
the same locality. In ancient times there was a small grove on this
part of the section, and it being the highest point of ground on the
west bank of Haw creek, in this vicinity, it doubtless was a favorite
camping spot for roving bands of Indians that were making their
way up the creek from Spoon river to the head waters of streams
running west from the northwest part of the county to the Mis-
sissippi.
Of the numerous specimens already sent to the Smithsonian Insti-
tution most were found on section 16, Knox township, on the farms
of Mr. Wm. E. Higgins and Mrs. Wilts. Mr. Willard Witherell, of
Knoxville, has a large number of specimens from this locality. The
186 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
north part of Mrs. Wilts' farm is probably the highest point in Knox
township, a fine view of the surrounding country being had from it.
Along the eastern face of the hill composing it, ran, within the recol-
lection of many citizens of the county, one of the trails from Maquon
to Henderson Grove. This trail ran across what now are the homes
of Geo. A. Charles and D. B. Huggins, in the city of Knoxville. To
the east of this trail, about one-fourth of a mile from the top of the
hill, there is a fine spring of water. The entire eastern slope of the
hill presents evidences of having been the site of a somewhat per-
manent Indian settlement. The ground for several acres in extent is
covered with flakes and chips of the same kind of stone the arrow-
points are made of; and beneath the surface a few inches, at the
distance of a rod or two apart, are found collections of flat stones that
have evidently undergone the action of fire.
South of the top of the hill about a fourth of a mile is an Indian
mound, thirty-six feet across, and raised in the center about three feet
above the level of the surrounding surface. This mound had been
dug into several years ago, but nothing was found except decided
traces of charcoal, at a depth corresponding with the surrounding
surface. The mound was more fully examined in the summer of 1878
by McClelland and Witherell, of Knoxville. Nothing was discovered
at this examination except that the general features of the several
strata of the mound were the same as those found in the mound a inile
and a half west of Knoxville, and south of Harvey Montgomery's a
quarter of a mile. This mound was much larger than the one on sec-
tion 16, and it also had been dug into. The examinations made by
McClelland were pretty thorough, a trench some ten to fifteen feet
long being cut from the center of the mounds and carried toward the
edge, extending to a foot or more beneath the general surface. Nothing
was found in this mound except traces of ashes at a depth correspond-
ing with the level of the general surface. About a hundred feet to
the west-southwest of the center of the mound is a mardelle, or pit,
from which doubtless the material composing the mound was obtained.
There are numerous other mounds in various parts of the county.
On section 33, Chestnut township, there is a group of three, and
about half a mile south, in Fulton county, there are three more.
These are found on the western bluffs of Spoon river, and north of
Cedar creek, on and near the farm of Elaminder Bond. Near Tren-
ton Mills there are other mounds. One was taken as the site upon
which to build a house many years ago, and in excavating the cellar
a large number of human bones were unearthed. At Maquon, on or
near what is known as the Barbaro mound or hill, there is an ancient
Indian cemetery. This point on Spoon river was a favorite settle-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 187
raent of the Indians, within the recollection of many living citizens
of the county. Both here and at Trenton their primitive sepulture
was among the branches of trees. This was changed for burial at the
instance of the whites.
Mr. Eiker, upon whose farm the arrow-points spoken of were found,
says that the grove that formerly stood upon his farm, constituted, in
the days of " ring hunts," or wolf hunts, the objective point towards
which the circle of hunters directed their course. This may perhaps
serve to identify it in the minds of some readers.
Yarious trails crossed the county. The old Galena trail, running
from Peoria to Galena, crossed Spoon river at Maquon, and ran north-
west to Henderson Grove. Another trail ran from the mouth of
Court creek, west-northwest, to strike it in the vicinity of the grove.
One branch of the Galena trail crossed Court creek near Pleasant
Henderson's, near the northwest corner of section 21, Knox township.
Another bore more to the west, crossing Orange and Knox townships
diagonally from southeast to northwest. This branch passed through
the northeast corner of the present city of Knoxville. There was
another trail further west in Orange township, connecting Brash
creek with the head waters of Haw creek. On the eastern side of one
of the little streams running into this latter creek, and probably at no
great distance from the trail, is located the mound south of Harvey
Montgomery's house.
There are numerous collections of arrow-points, celts, axes, etc., in
the county. The Hon. Rufus W. Miles, of Persifer, has one. Mr.
Willard Witherell, and Dr. McClelland, of Knoxville, have each one.
None of these specimens have ever been figured or described, except
in the report to the Smithsonian Institution above referred to. Knox
College and Lombard University have each a collection. Many more
isolated specimens are doubtless in possession of citizens of the coun-
ty, and many have been taken away.
The Smithsonian Institution is engaged in collecting the material
for an extended work on American archaeology, and to this end de-
sires to collect from every available source whatever is now known,
or can be ascertained by special investigation, of the antiquities of
North America; and it desires not only specimens, but also the de-
scription of the localities where found, so that the geographical distri-
bution of each form may be accurately determined. All specimens will
be duly accredited to the donor, in the reports of the Institution, and
also in the proposed work on American archaeology, and on the labels
of the specimens. Parties having such specimens are assured they
will reach the proper destination if they will forward them to M. A.
McClelland, at Knoxville.
188 HISTOKY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER VII.
PIONEER LIFE.
*
LOG CABINS.
We shall, in this chapter, give a clear and exact description of
pioneer life in this county, commencing with the time the sturdy set-
tlers first arrived with their scanty stores. They had migrated from
older States, when the prospects for even a competency were very poor,
many of them coming from Kentucky, for, it is supposed, they found
that a good State to emigrate from. Their entire stock of furniture,
implements and family necessities were easily stored into one wagon,
and sometimes a cart was their only vehicle.
As the first thing after they arrived and found a suitable location,
they would set about the building of a log cabin, a description of
which may be interesting to the younger readers, and especially their
descendants, who may never see a structure of the kind. Trees of
uniform size were selected and cut into pieces of the desired length,
each end being saddled and notched so as to bring the logs as near
together as possible. The cracks were "chinked and daubed" to pre-
vent the wind from whistling through. This had to be renewed every
fall before cold weather set in. The usual height was one story of
about seven or eight feet. The gables were made of logs gradually
shortened up to the top. The roof was made by laying small logs or
stout poles reaching from gable to gable, suitable' distances apart, on
which were laid the clapboards after the manner of shingling, show-
ing two feet or more to the weather. The clapboards were fastened
by laying across them heavy poles called " weight poles," reaching
from one gable to the other, being kept apart and in their places by
laying pieces of timber between them called "runs." A wide chim-
ney place was cut out of one end of the cabin, the chimney standing
entirely outside, and built of rived sticks, laid up cob-house fashion,
and filled with clay or stone, often using two and three cords of stone
in building one chimney. For a window a piece about two feet long
was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed, sometimes
with glass but oftener with greased paper pasted over it. A doorway
was also cut through one of the walls, and the door was made of spliced
clapboards and hung with wooden hinges. This was opened by pull-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 189
ino- a leather latch-string which raised a wooden latch inside the door.
& o
For security at night this latch-string was pulled in, but for friends
and neighbors, and even strangers, the " latch-string was always hang-
ing out," as a welcome.
In the interior, upon one side, is the huge fire-place, large enough
to contain a back-log as big as the strongest man could carry, and
holding enough wood to supply an ordinary stove a week; on either
side are huge poles and kettles, and over all a mantle on which was
placed the tallow dip. In one corner stood the larger bed for the old
folks, imder this the trundle-bed for the children; in another corner
stood the old-fashioned large spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by
its side; in another the pine table, around which the family gathered
to partake of their plain food ; over the door hung the ever trustful
rifle and powder-horn ; while around the room were scattered a few
splint-bottomed chairs and three-legged stools; a rude cupboard hold-
ing the table ware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers and
blue-edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to
make the display of table furniture more conspicuous.
These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted peo-
ple. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler, seeking
lodgings for the night or desirous of spending a few days in the com-
munity, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome,
although how they were disposed of at night the reader cannot easily
imagine; for, as described, a single room was made to serve the pur-
pose of kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed-room, and parlor, and
many families contained six or eight members.
SELECTIONS OF HOMES.
The early settlers universally settled in the timber or along its mar-
gin. Judge Clark tells us that the people in general thought the
Yankees who settled Galesburg had done themselves a great injury
by going so far out on the prairie. Old Joseph Latimer, one of the
earliest pioneers of the county, and the ancestor of the several fami-
lies of Latimer now residing in the county, often remarked about the
fine range the settlers would always have for their stock. All they
would need to do would be to turn their stock out upon the vast prai-
ries from year to year. Thus the cost of raising stock would be noth-
ing. But where now can stock find an open prairie to graze upon?
Certainly not in Knox county.
We often hear remarks made in regard to the pioneers settling along
the timber, in a manner as though the selections of such locations im-
plied a lack of judgment on the part of the fathers. But when we
190 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
consider that they had always lived in the shelter of groves, it cer-
tainly is not strange that they should select such sites for their homes
in a new country. To many of them the cultivation of the prairies
was an untried experiment, and it was a prevailing opinion that the
timber would soon become very scarce, a fear since proven to be with-
out foundation. So the pioneer laid his claim on a timber quarter,
knowing when the state of his exchequer permitted there would be
plenty of prairie land to buy if not to enter.
Then many of their cabins were poor, half- finished aifairs, and pro-
tection from the driving storms was very desirable. The timber also
sheltered stock till such times as sheds and out-buildings could be
erected. That the time soon came when intelligent, enterprising
farmers saw that their interest lay in improving prairie farms, and
ceased clearing fields, when there were boundless acres presenting no
obstacle to the most perfect cultivation, argues nothing to the policy
of sheltering for a time in the woods. Even 35 years ago scarcely any-
thing could have been seen through this portion of the State, in the
way of human habitation, save these log cabins. The railway was a
greater factor in opening up and developing the prairie than any
other, and this the pioneer knew nothing about; and instead of it
showing a lack of judgment in selecting homes in and along the tim-
ber, we conclude it augured in their favor, and showed them to be men
of superior judgment.
Clearing of timbered land was attended with much hard labor. The
underbrush was cut away, piled into heaps and burned. The large
trees were in many cases left standing and deadened by girdling. This
was done by cutting through the bark into the wood, generally through
the " sap," all round the trunk.
Not the least of the hardships of the pioneer was the procuring of
bread. The first settlers must be supplied at least one year from
other sources than their own lands.
MILLING.
But the first crops of the earliest settlers, however abundant, gave
only partial relief, there being no mills to grind the grain. Hence
the necessity of grinding by hand power, and many families were
poorly provided with the means of doing this. Another way was to
grate the corn. A grater was made from a piece of tin, sometimes
taken from an old, worn-out tin bucket or other vessel. It was thickly
perforated, bent into a semi-circular form, and nailed, rough side up-
wards, on a board. The corn was taken in the ear and grated before
it was quite dry and hard. Corn, however, was eaten in various ways.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 191
Soon after the county became more generally settled, enterprising
men were ready to embark in the milling business. Sites along the
streams were selected for water-power. A person looking for a mill-
site would follow up and down the stream for a desired location, and
when found he would go before the County Commissioners arid secure
a writ of ad quod damnum. This would enable the miller to have the
adjoining land officially examined, and the amount of damage by mak-
ing a dam was named. Mills being such a great public necessity, they
were permitted to be located upon any person's land if the miller thought
the site desirable. The first year after Mr. Amos Ward arrived in
the county, he took a bag of corn on his horse and went to Andover
mills. On arriving there he found they had stopped running during
the dry weather. He returned home and the following day went to
Centerville. There the miller, a Mr. Leek, was grinding a little when
he could. Mr. Ward left his grist and in a few days returned for it,
but it was not ground; returned the second day, and even the third;
and not discouraged, he kept going until he got his bag of corn
ground, traveling over 100 miles to accomplish it. In the mean time
Mr. Ward and Mr. Thompson, a neighbor, were compelled to resort
to grating corn. They gathered green corn from the fields and grated
it on a lantern. This meal was made in batter-cakes, which was an
excellent and palatable article of food. The sides of the lantern
referred to were made of perforated tin. The lantern had no glass
about it. Often in after years they would take this mode of pre-
paring corn to remind themselves and to show their children how
they lived in olden times.
Mr. Ward's next method for a grater was the use of a tin pan,
which had been found. This was thickly perforated with nail holes
and fastened, rough side out and concave side in, to a board. This
was used for four weeks, when the corn became too hard to grate.
Then came a rain which raised the water in the streams and they
could get their milling done.
Frank Ward, a son of Amos Ward, relates some very interesting
experience in going to mill. He took a grist to Rochester on Spoon
river, some 15 miles distant. The low water necessitated his return
without his meal. After every shower his father, anxious to have
food for his family, would send Frank back to mill, hoping his grist
had been ground. Not until he had made his tenth trip did he suc-
ceed in getting his meal !
It was well for the people in those days that civilization was not so
far advanced as to have introduced rats; for had rats been as numer-
ous then as now Frank would have had very little grist left.
12
192 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Mr. B. Bruington says when he first came to the county he had to go
at different times to Moline, which was 60 miles distant, to Rushville,
which was 75 miles, and to Aurora, which was 125 miles, to get his
grist ground. He went witli an ox team and a heavy " Hoosier
wagon." He also made several journeys to Chicago with wheat, con-
suming on each trip two weeks' time.
John Montgomery, an early settler of Knox township, made several
trips to mill at Rushville, with two yoke of oxen, each trip taking
him 14 days.
William Lewis returned to Sangamon county after flour and bacon,
and not having the money to purchase the articles, had to work until
he earned enough to pay for them. He had to swim the Illinois river
at Beardstown with two yoke of cattle, and when he returned home to
Knox county a companion came with him bringing also a load. Com-
ing to the river, and neither having enough money to pay ferriage for
both wagons (which, by the way were nothing but two-wheeled carts),
they put all 'the meal upon one cart and drove upon the ferry, Lewis
himself again swimming the river with two yoke of oxen and cart.
One of his oxen swam faster than the other, and thns caused nearly
all to be drowned. They, however, reached home after four weeks of
absence.
Mr. Lewis made a buckskin flour sieve, which he used for years,
and the old gentleman avers that it was better than any sieve of the
present day.
Yery often, when men would go to mill, they would have to work
a week and even longer upon the mill-dam.
A. Kendell ground corn and wheat in a coffee-mill at his house in
Henderson township. He then took it down to the creek and ran it
by water power.
John Snyder and brother went to Chicago in 1846 with two loads
of wheat, each drawn by two yoke of oxen and contained 50 bushels
of wheat. They got 56 cents a bushel and had to take half in trade.
On arriving home they had $3 each, in money. Another instance a
man sent his two sons from Galesburg with a load of wheat, giving
them $10 to defray their expenses. They returned with just $10 in
money, thus taking the proceeds of their load to pay expenses. The
lowest price we have any record of Knox county wheat being sold in
the Chicago market was by Sheldon W. Allen, who has sold wheat in
that city for 37f cents a bushel.
Jones and DeHart, two young men who lived on the farm where
Amos Ward afterwards so long resided, made themselves one of the
original corn-mills of this country. These mills were usually made
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 193
by boring a hole in the top of a large stnmp, and then burning it out
in the shape of a rnortar ; then, attaching a pounder to a long, bent
spring-pole, they pounded their corn and grain, making unbolted
meal or flour, which although not so delicious, perhaps, as bread
made from fine bolted flour was more healthful.
Judge Dennis Clark in an early day often went to mill for the neigh-
bors. One trip he made to Ellisville with three yoke of oxen. The
weather was quite cold. As usual he had to wait several days, and
his provision, which he always took along, gave out. He had not
a penny of money, so he untied one of his sacks of corn, and in the
dirt and ashes in a part of the mill he parched it. He ate corn
and drank water, his only food, for two or three days. Finally, late
one evening, his grist was given him. So anxious was he to get
home that he started, although the shades of a moonless night were
fast gathering, and he had a wild country to travel through with
his six oxen. He kept on, crossing bridgeless streams, going through
timber and over prairie, yelling at his oxen. Often the dismal road
over the prairie would be obliterated by the burning of the grass.
Many times during that dark night did Mr. Clark go ahead of his oxen
and on his hands and knees feel around for the road, being able to dis-
tinguish the track where the grass had been killed by wagons from
the burnt stubble. He arrived home safely, but the memory of that
night's trials will never be obliterated from his mind this side of the
grave.
The earliest mode of baking was to place the dough on a smooth
board or piece of iron placed on the hearth, slanting toward the fire.
When lard was plentiful, the bread was well shortened, and called
" Johnny cake." Some baked in a Dutch oven when that article could
be obtained. Sometimes the dough was made into lumps, which,
when baked, were called "corn dodgers." Others raised the dough
with yeast and baked in a Dutch oven ; this was called "pone."
Mush and milk was a common diet, especially for supper. Hominy
and roasted corn were also used to a great extent.
NATIVE ANIMALS.
The wild animals infesting this county at the time of its settlement,
were the deer, wolf, bear, wild-cat, fox, otter, raccoon, wood-chuck or
ground-hog, skunk, mink, weasel, muskrat, opossum, rabbit, and squir-
rel ; and the principal feathered game were the quail, prairie-chicken,
and wild turkey. Several of these animals furnished meat for the
early settlers ; but their principal meat did not long consist of game.
Pork and poultry were soon raised in abundance. The wolf was the
194 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
most troublesome animal, it being the common enemy of the sheep.
It was quite difficult to protect the sheep from their ravages. Some-
times pigs and calves were also victims of the wolf. Their howling
in, the night would often keep families awake, and set all the dogs in
the neighborhood to barking. Their yells were often terrific. Says
one old settler : " Suppose six boys, having six dogs tied, whipped
them all at the same time, and you would hear such music as two
wolves would make." To effect the destruction of these animals the
county authorities offered a bounty for their scalps, and besides big
hunts were inaugurated for their destruction, and "wolf hunts" are
prominent among the memories of the early settlers. Such events
were generally turned into a holiday, and everybody that could ride a
nag or stand the tramp on foot joined in the deadly pursuit. A large
circuit was generally made by the hunters, who then closed in on every
side, driving the hungry wolves into the center of the corral, where
they were dispatched. The return home with the carcasses was the
signal for a general turn-out, and these " pleasure parties " are still re-
ferred to by old citizens as among the pleasantest memories of early
life in Knox county. Many a hungry wolf has been run down on the
prairies where now is located a town or fine farm residence. Thi&
rare old pastime, like much of the early hunting and fishing the pio-
neers indulged in here, departed at the appearance of the locomotive.
The following notice was published in several numbers of the Knox-
ville Journal of 1853. The hunt proved a success both in the interest
manifested and in scaring the wolf from that region.
" Wolf Hunt. The citizens of Orange township invite the neigh-
boring towns to join in a circular hunt Saturday, April 15 (1853).
The following arrangements it is hoped will be fully carried out :
" Mr. Isaac B. West will take charge of the men meeting at Knox-
ville, and form a line from Knoxville to Isaac Dempsey's. Mr. Demp-
sey will with his men form a line to Rev. Wm. Clark's ; Mr. Clark
will take charge and form a line to Maquon ; David Housh will form
a line to Chas. McGrew's, near Mt. Harmony ; Mr. McGrew will form
a line to Harrisonville, from which place John Terry will form a line
to Dawdy's ; Mr. Dawdy will form a line to Abingdon ; from which
place Capt. Ellison will form a line to Louisville ; Mr. Swartz will there
form a line to Mr. Crawford's ; Mr. Crawford will form a line to
Abr'm Lightrier's ; Mr. Lightner will from there form a line to Knox-
ville, the place of beginning.
" The company will meet in time to be ready to move from their
stations at 10 o'clock, A. M., closing slowly and carefully to a center
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 197
pole, with a flag, erected on the big prairie east of Asa Hayne's and
south of Thomas Gilbert's, as nearly at one o'clock as possible.
" No guns or fire arms allowed in the company. If either of the
gentlemen named above cannot attend, they will please appoint a suit-
able substitute. Let there be a general turn-out, that we may rid the
-country of a great pest."
Another grand hunt was had, the centre of which was on the prairie
southwest of Galesburg, the hunt extending from Knoxville to Mon-
mouth. Dr. Hansford had command of the eastern division. Many
deer as well as wolves were enclosed, but a break in the line came near
making it a failure.
Andrew Thomson, with three other men, started a wolf in the spring
of 1843 on the farm now occupied by Chris. Burrell, but then open
prairie. It ran into the edge of Galesburg, then north to Henderson
Orove, thence east along the south side of the grove. With the assist-
ance of others they succeeded in keeping him out of the timber, and
he ran on to where Wataga now is located, then turning south ran
over the mound and to the creek in which he was captured.
COOKING.
To witness the various processes for cooking in those days would
alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking
stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large
tire, suspended on trammels which were held by strong poles. The
long-handled frying-pan was used for cooking meat. It was held on
the fire by hand ; or, to save time, the handle was laid across the back
of a chair. This pan was also used for baking short-cake. A better
article was a cast-iron spider, which was set upon coals on the hearth.
But the best thing for baking bread was the flat-bottomed bake- kettle,
of greater depth, with closely fitting cast-iron cover, and commonly
known as the " Dutch oven." With coals over and under it bread and
biscuit would quickly and nicely bake. Turkeys and spare-ribs were
sometimes roasted before the fire, suspended by a string, a dish being
placed underneath to catch the drippings.
IMPLEMENTS.
The agricultural implements used by the first farmer here would in
this, age of improvements be great curiosities. The plow used was
called the bar-share plow. The iron point consisted of a bar of iron
-about two feet long, and a broad shear of iron welded to it. At the
extreme point was a coulter that passed through a beam six or seven
feet long, to which were attached handles of corresponding length.
198 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
The mold-board was a wooden one split out of winding timber, or
hewed into a winding shape in order to turn the soil over. Sown seed
was brushed in by a sapling with a bushy top being dragged over the
ground. In harvesting the change is most striking. Instead of the
reapers and mowers of to-day, the sickle and cradle were used. The
grain was threshed with a flail, or trodden out oy horses or oxen.
A pioneer wagon was a wonderfully constructed vehicle; and if one
was drawn down the busy thoroughfare of our cities, it would be such
a curiosity that everybody would rush to have a view of it. A. W.
Miller, of Walnut Grove township, came to Knox county with one of
these wagons, and used it for some time afterward. It was all made
of wood, there being no iron about it. The wheels were about 10
inches thick and 2 feet in diameter. Thus we see the wagon was
quite low. These wheels were sawed from the end of a log, and were
solid. A plank was pinned on the side to prevent season-cracking-
The axles were about six inches square, rounded at the ends for a six-
inch hole in the wheel. Four or five yoke of oxen were hitched to the
wagon, and it was slowly dragged over the prairies. When in use it
would be known for miles around by its terrible squeaking, even when
well greased with soft soap. One load of wood, such as this wagon
was capable of hauling, would last the family nearly all summer.
The first two-horse Yankee wagon ever in the county or, at least,
the first Judge Clark or Jonathan Latimer ever saw was brought
from New York in 1831, by a man who settled in Warren county,,
township 10 north, 1 west. He had never seen the land until he ar-
rived with his family. They were greatly dissatisfied with the coun-
try; thought they .would never have any neighbors, and no market
for their produce. Jonathan Latimer and Dennis Clark (who was in
the employ of Latimer, receiving $5 per month) were breaking prairie
within a mile of where this Yankee settled. He became so thor-
oughly disgusted with the country that he determined to return to-
New York, but did not have teams enough, some of his horses having
failed him. He oifered Latimer his wagon, if he would let Clark take
an ox-team and big wagon load of goods to Chicago for him. Neither
Latimer nor Clark had seen a Yankee wagon before, so they were to take
it on trial for a few days. They brought it down to Latimer's home
fastened behind their heavy ox- wagon. As they had no harness, they
were obliged to bring the Yankee harness also. They finally Suc-
ceeded in hitching their horses to it, but only after long and tedious-
work, as they were not accustomed to harness; and Judge Clark
affirms that one of the most difficult jobs he ever performed was to-
adjust the check reins so they would work. He thought they were so-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 199
complicated that their use was impracticable. They drove around
over the prairies, traveling over the present site of Abingdon, with
tjieir new wagon. They thought it was a " pretty good thing too
light for general use, but just the thing to ride to town in." The
trade was not made; but the Yankee left the country, and was never
heard from afterwards by Clark.
The only wagons in general use here then were heavy ox, or the
" prairie schooner" wagons.
WOMEN'S WORK.
The men were not called upon to endure alone all the hardships
and labor of frontier life. The women also had their physical labor
to perform, and much of it was quite arduous. Spinning was one of
the common household duties. .This exercise is one which few of the
present generation of girls have ever enjoyed. The wheel used for
spinning flax was called the "little wheel," to distinguish it from the
"big wheel" used.for spinning yarn. These stringed instruments
furnished the principal music of the family, and were operated by our
mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without pecu-
niary expense, and with far less practice than is necessary for the
girls of our period to acquire a skillful use of their costly and elegant
instruments.
The loom was not less necessary than the wheel. Not every house,
however, in which spinning was done had a loom; but there were
always some in each settlement who, besides doing their own weav-
ing, did some for others. Settlers, having succeeded in spite of tbe
wolves in raising sheep, commenced the manufacture of woolen cloth;
wool was carded and made into rolls by hand-cords, and the rolls were
spun on the " big wheel." We occasionally find now, in the houses
of the old settlers, one of these big" wheels, sometimes used for spin-
ning and twisting stocking yarn. They are turned with the hand,
and with such velocity that it will run itself while the nimble
worker, by her backward step, draws out and twists her thread
nearly the whole length of the cabin. A common article woven on
the loom was linsey, also called linsey-woolsey, the chain being linen
and the filling woolen. This cloth was used for dresses for the girls
and mothers. Nearly all the clothes worn by the men were also
home-made. Rarely was a farmer or his son seen in a coat made of
any other. If. occasionally, a young man appeared in a suit of
" boughten" clothes, he was suspected of having gotten it for a par-
ticular occasion, which occurs in the life of nearly every man.
Not until the settlers had supplied themselves with the more useful
200 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
articles of clothing and with edibles of various kinds, did wheat bread
become a common article of food. It is true they had it earlier, but
this was only served on extra occasions, as when visitors came, or on
Sundays; and with this luxury they would have a little "store
coifee."
PLEASURES OF PIONEEK LIFE.
The history of pioneer life generally presents the dark side of the
picture; but the toils and privations of the early settlers were not a
series of unmitigated sufferings. No; for while the fathers and
mothers toiled hard, they were not averse to a little relaxation, and
had their seasons of fun and enjoyment. .They contrived to do some-
thing to break the monotony of their daily life and furnish them a
good, hearty laugh. Among the more general forms of amusements
were the " quilting-bee," " corn-husking," and the " apple-paring,"
and, in timbered sections, " log-rolling" and "house-raising." Our
young readers will doubtless be interested in a Description of these
forms of amusement, when labor was made to afford fun and enjoy-
ment to all participating. The " quilting-bee," as its name implies,
was when the industrious qualities of the busy, little insect that "im-
proves each shining hour" were exemplified in the manufacture of
quilts for the household. In the afternoon ladies for miles around
gathered at the appointed place, and while their tongues would not
cease to play, their hands were as busily engaged in making the quilt;
and desire was always manifested to get it out as quickly as possible,
for then the fun would begin. In the evening the gentlemen came,
and the hours would then pass swiftly by in playing games or danc-
ing. " Corn-huskings" were when both sexes united in the work.
They usually assembled in a large barn, which was arranged for the
occasion ; and when each gentleman had selected a lady partner the
husking began. When a lady found a red ear she was entitled to a
kiss from every gentleman present; when a gentleman found one he
was allowed to kiss every lady present. After the corn was all husked
a good supper was served; then the "old folks" would leave, and the
remainder of the evening was spent in the dance and in having a gen-
eral good time. The recreation afforded to the young people on the
annual recurrence of these festive occasions was as highly enjoyed,
and quite as innocent, as the amusements of the present boasted age
of refinement and culture. "The little brown jug" found a place in
almost every home, and was often brought into use. No caller was
permitted to leave the house without an invitation to partake of its
contents.
HISTORY OP' KNOX COUNTY. 201
CHAPTER VIII.
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.
BLACK LAWS.
The early settlers of this county, although mainly from the South-
ern or slave States, entertaine.d a deep-seated prejudice agaiuot me
negro, for which it is hard for us to account at the present day. Thi
prejudice, we may remark, was not held altogether and only in this
county, for by referring to the Revised Statutes of this State, approved
March 3, 1845, we find the following in chapter 54, under the head
of "Negroes and Mulattoes:"
Section 8. Any person who shall hereafter bring into this State any
black or mulatto person, in order to free him or her from slavery, -or
shall directly or indirectly bring into this State, or aid or assist any
person in bringing any such black and mulatto person to settle and
reside therein, shall be fined one hundred dollars on conviction and
indictment, before any justice of the peace in the county where such
offense shall be committed.
Section 9. If any slave or servant shall be found at a distance of
ten miles from the tenement of his or her master, or person with
whom he or she lives, without a pass or some letter or token whereby
it may appear that he or she is proceeding by authority from his oi-
lier master, employer or overseer, it shall and may be lawful for any
person to apprehend and carry him or her before a justice of the
peace, to be by his order punished with stripes, not exceeding thirty-
five, at his discretion.
Section 10. If any slave or servant shall presume to come and be
upon the plantation or at the dwelling of any person whatsoever,
without leave from his or her owner, not being sent upon lawful busi-
ness, it shall be lawful for the owner of such plantation or dwelling
house to give or order such slave or servant ten lashes on his or her
bare back.
Section 12. If any person or persons shall permi t or suffer any slave or
slaves, servant or servants of color, to the number of three or more, to
assemble in his, her or their outhouse, yard or shed, for the purpose of
dancing or revelling, either by night or by day, the person or persons
so offending shall forfeit and pay the sum of twenty dollars with cost
202 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
to any person or persons who will sue for and recover the same by
action of debt or indictment, in any court of record proper to try the
same.
Section 13. It shall be the duty of all coroners, sheriffs, judges and
justices of the peace, who shall see or know of, or be informed of any
such assemblage of slaves or servants, immediately to commit such
slaves or servants to the jail of the county, and on view or proof
thereof to order each and every such slave or servant to be whipped
not exceeding thirty-nine stripes on his or her bare back.
MODE OF RUNNING THE U. G. R. R.
Very likely all of our readers have heard of the famous Underground
Railroad, but very few know anything of its system of work. Hap-
pily the corporation does not now exist, the necessity for the enter-
prise not being apparent at the present time, as the class of freight
or passengers transported over the line are not now produced.
The question of slavery has always been a mixed one, from the time
the first slave was imported into our country until, by the emancipa-
tion proclamation of Abraham Lincoln, all men were made free and
equal in the eyes of the law. A strong anti-slavery party has long
existed in the country. The framers of our constitution upon the
organization of the government had to deal with the question of
slavery; the successive administrations from Washington to Lincoln
had to grapple with it; various compromises were adopted which it
was thought would quiet its spirit; but, like Banquo's ghost, it would
not down at the bidding of any man or party. The death of Lovejoy
at Alton, in 1837, a martyr to the anti-slavery cause, gave an impetus
to the agitation of the question which never ceased until the final act
was consummated which broke in pieces the shackles that bound the
slave.
Growing out of the agitation of this question, and the formation of
a party in sympathy with the slaves, was the organization of the
so-called Underground Railroad, for the purpose of aiding fugitives
to escape to a land of freedom. The secrecy of its workings justified
its name. Notwithstanding the system was an organized one, those
engaged in it had no signs or passwords by which they might be
known, save now and then a preconcerted rap at the door when a cargo
of freight was to be delivered. Each relied upon the honor of the
other, and, as the work was an extra-hazardous one, few cowards ever
engaged in it. Pro-slavery men complained bitterly of the violation
of the law by their abolition neighbors, and persecuted them as much
as they dared; and this was not a little. But the friends of the slaves
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 203
were not to be deterred by persecution. "The blood of martyrs is
the seed of the church," and persecution only made them more deter-
mined than ever to carry out their just convictions of right and duty.
No class of people ever made better neighbors than the Abolitionists,
or better conductors on a railroad. It is well, perhaps, in this con-
nection, to note how the passengers over this road were received in
Canada, the northern termination. From mere goods and chattels in
our liberty-boasting nation they were transformed into men and
women; from being hunted with fire-arms and blood-hound, like wild
beasts, they were recognized and respected as good and loyal subjects
by the Queen as soon as their feet touched British soil. At the
same time there stood, with open arms, Rev. Hirarn Wilson, the
true, noble-hearted missionary, ready to receive these refugees from
"freedom's (?) soil," and administer to their wants. In February,
1841, there came a day of jubilee to the doubting ones, when Queen
Victoria's proclamation was read to them: "That every fugitive from
United States slavery should be recognized and protected as a British
subject the moment his or her foot touched the soil of her domain. 1)
Mr. Wilson arranged with the authorities to have all supplies for the
fugitive slaves admitted free of custom duty. Many were the large,
well filled boxes of what was most needed by the poor wanderer taken
from the wharf at Toronto during that winter by E. Child, mission
teacher. He was then a student of Oneida Institute, N. Y., but for
many years has resided in Oneida, this county. He went into Canada
for the purpose of teaching the fugitives.
A very singular circumstance in connection with this road was the
fact that, although people well knew who were engaged in it, and
where the depot was located, freight could seldom be found, search as
carefully as they might. A consignment would be forwarded over the
line, notice of which would reach the ears of slave hunters, and when
ready to place their hands upon the fugitives, like the Irishman's flea,
they wouldn't be there. The business of this road for a number of
years was quite extensive, but to-day all its employes are discharged,
and, strange to relate, none are sorry, but all rejoice in the fact. A&
illustrating the peculiarities of this line, we append several incidents
that occurred in this county:
" AUNT SUKEY."
One wintry day in the year 1843, a negro woman with two small
children and a son about seventeen years old, together with a negro
girl about the same age. were brought to Knoxville and incarcerated in
the county jail. "What for? " you will quite naturally ask. What crime
204- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
had they committed that they should be imprisoned? They were
making an attempt to gain the liberty which their Creator had des-
tined for them, but which was denied by man's inhumanity. They
had made their way from Southern Illinois, carefully secreting them-
selves during the day, and the anxious mother with her loved ones
hurried along by night, directed to the land of freedom by the change-
less north star. It was not for her own freedom that Aunt Sukey
was trying to obtain so much as to purchase that prized boon for her
children. Her master had repeatedly threatened to sell them to
Southern traders. This the mother well knew would be done. She
had often seen loved children mercilessly torn from their mother's
arms and sent South, never again to be heard from. How like the sad
sequel of this story! and worse; for here in Knox county this loving
mother was robbed of her babes and son by cruel hands. They were
violently torn from her care and borne to a Southern clime to receive
the abuses and cruelties of the poor, degraded plantation slaves, and
man's uncompassionate, selfish nature and inhuman hand would still
more ruthlessly cause all the torture and degradation of such a life of
bondage.
Thirty-five years have passed; a bloody and destructive war has
been fought; the right prevailed after much carnage and bloodshed;
and the shackles of four million degraded slaves were broken, and
the much coveted liberty given the poor, benighted beings. Whether
the two babes were among the number (the son being killed the
year after his capture) the mother never knew. The continent was
convulsed a few years ago over the sad story of little Charley Ross;
but there is a mother living in Knox county whose babes were taken
thirty-five years ago, and yet she has never heard a single word from
them ; she knows not whether they are living or dead, but for years she
too well knew they were in inhuman hands, suffering the cruelties of
bondage and pain which slavery and the bartering for human flesh
could but produce. It was such incidents as these that aroused the
liberty-loving spirit of the North and goaded her soldiers to go and so
nobly fight for the slave's freedom.
Let us continue our narrative. Susan Richardson, for such was
" Aunt Sukey's " real name, was brought into the Territory of Illinois
a few years before it was admitted into the Union as a State. Her
master, Andrew Border, lived in Randolph county, where she was
kept a slave until, as she told us, " she left betwixt two suns." The
immediate cause for this unannounced departure was certainly one
wholly justifiable. Her children and those of her master had gotten
into some altercation, when her mistress had her children whipped.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 205
The mother very naturally resented this, and her passionate mistress
then declared the lash should be laid most heavily upon her back.
When Mr. Border arrived home his wife told him she wanted Sukey
whipped. Seemingly he possessed finer feelings, more sensitive than
those of his delicate wife to the pains of others, for he said he could
not comply, Aunt Sukey had always been so good, and besides he wa&
afraid she would run away if he did. Refusal aroused the fiery
temper of his wife, when she avowed that she would neither eat nor
sleep until he promised that Aunt Sukey should be whipped. As a
compromise he agreed to tie her and make all the other necessary
preparations, then to give the lash to her and let her apply it to the
bared back of the poor abused slave until her anger was fully ap-
peased. This was entirely satisfactory to the groveling rnind of the
unkind mistress, and she promised herself to punish the impudent
slave (as she considered her) as severely as her strength would permit.
Aunt Sukey knew the design of her mistress, and accordingly was on
the " look-out," for she had overheard the promise made by her mas-
ter. The thoughts of being scourged, and by a woman too, was more
than she could endure, and so aroused her wounded and indignant
spirit that she hastily and secretly, with her children, left her master
that night and went to -Cairo, where she got on the line of the Under-
ground Railroad and reached Canton, Fulton county, in safety. Here
Conductor Wilson took her in charge to convey her to the next sta-
tion, which was at the Rev. John Cross' in the eastern part of Knox
county. He did not arrive until after daylight; and scarcely had Aunt
Sukey and her charge alighted from the wagon when she was arrested
and conveyed to Knoxville, where for some days the five were con-
fined in the county jail. Notices of their capture were immediately
sent South. Of course the cruel master was on the lookout, and the
notice soon fell under his eyes. In the meantime, however, through
the agency of humane citizens of Knoxville, they were released on
bail. The woman was soon engaged in going from home to home and
doing the washings of the different families. For her son she had
secured a situation on a farm near town, and her younger children she
left at the hotel during the day. One day while washing at the resi-
dence of Rev. Cole, the Presbyterian minister of the town, the start-
ling intelligence of her old master being in town was communicated
to her. Her first thought was for the safety of her children, and
remembering the little ones at the hotel, the same tender, loving,
motherly feeling prompted her to make the attempt to secrete them.
But unfortunately for the thoughtful mother, her master had met them
in the hall-way at the hotel, when he at once seized them, carrying
206 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
them to Mr. Newman's house and hiding them in the loft, and then
going in search of the son; for said lie, " If I can get the children I
am not afraid but what the old one will follow." Aunt Sukey then
thought to save her son, but ere she could even give him a warning
note his merciless master had also captured him.
The grief of the poor, distracted mother, too terrible and intense in
its nature to be pictured, can be perhaps much better imagined than
described ; so we will pass over it. Frantic and almost heart-broken,
the poor woman thought she must return to the dreaded scourged life
of bondage with her children. She was advised by her sympathizing
friends not to go, for it would only be to suffer increased pain and
mental anxiety, as the children would undoubtedly be sold and sent
south. Charles Gilbert from near Galesburg drove up to Rev. Cole's
residence in a sleigh about this time. His liner feelings were wrought
upon and touched by the sad recital of the story of the hunted fugi-
tives. He resolved to save the mother : so, donning her in clothing
of Mrs. Cole's, with closely veiled face, he helped her into his sleigh,
and sitting down beside her, took up the reins and sped over the snowy
earth for Galesburg, where it was well known then, as always after,
that a negro was safe when once within its limits. The two small
children and the son were taken back to the dreaded and bitter life of
toil, pain and bondage, never to again look upon the mother that had
battled so nobly for their liberty. Can any one, who has never been
placed in any such, or similar, position, fully realize the pain and an-
guish of such a parting ? Can the dreariness, the gloom and terrors
of the embittered and bondaged life of slavery, be too plainly pictured
or overdrawn ?
Hannah, the name of the young girl who accompanied Aunt Sukey,
did not belong to the same master, and being nearly of age, she was
not molested but suffered to go free. She went to Galesburg, and
lived for some years, but at present resides in New York city. Mrs.
Richardson lives on the corner of West and Ferris streets, Galesburg.
She is a very intelligent, fine-looking and active old negro lady.
Soon after Aunt Sukey had settled in Galesburg a lawsuit, which
became famous, was instituted by her former master, Mr. Border, for
her recovery; but by some means he was beaten, although he had that
eminent lawyer, Hon. Julius Manning, for his attorney.
BILL CASEY.
Bill Casey was another passenger over the Underground Railroad,
but so closely pursued that he left the main line and worked his way
as far as Galesburg himself. That city was well known among the
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 209
negroes, and a runaway slave was considered as free from capture when
within its limits as if in Canada. Being settled by Eastern people,
who not only had no sympathy with slavery, but held for it a righteous
indignation, and whose citizens would any time violate an inhumane
and unjust law to help a fugitive slave, Galesburg was known through-
out the country as the strongest kind of an abolitionist place. Here
the weary, hunted slaves could find a refuge, some comfort, and a host
of sympathizing friends.
Bill Casey reached Galesburg Saturday night, and going to the res-
idence of the colored lady, Susan Richardson, whose coming to the
county is related above, he was admitted and kindly cared for. He
was a miserable and affecting human being to look upon, having
neither shoes nor hat and almost naked, with feet bleeding and swol-
len, and body bruised, besides being almost in a starving state, hav-
ing had nothing with which to appease his hunger for several days.
"With five companions he had started from Missouri. They were pur-
sued, and two or three of the number had been shot, and the others
captured, and only by the rapidity of his flight through the woods
with heavy undergrowth had he escaped. Sunday morning came, and
"Aunt Sukey" locked her house and with her family as usual went
to church, leaving Casey at her home. She knew, as she told us,
"who to tell." Accordingly she soon made known to members of the
Underground Railroad that a fugitive was at her house. They imme-
diately visited him, and found him in a needy condition, and that he
must have a pair of shoes before he could go farther, as well as some
clothing. So Messrs. Neeley, West and Blanchard began to prepare
him for the journey. Of course he could not be taken to the store
and have his shoes fitted there, but they had to bring them to him.
His feet were so badly swollen that it was necessary for them to make
three or four trips before they could find shoes that would fit or he
could wear. After everything was fully arranged, Casey was put in
charge of a conductor on the Underground Railroad and conveyed to
the next station. In a year or two he returned to Galesburg and en-
gaged in cutting timber northwest of town.
One day two men, evidently ''Southern gentlemen," rode up to the
Galesburg hotel. There they met a young negro boy, Charley Love,
of whom they inquired of Bill Casey. Although small, Charlie was
well posted, and of course " never heard of such a fellow." However,
as soon as possible he ran and gave the alarm, and immediately a fleet-
footed horse with noble rider was off for the woods where Casey was
at work. The two strangers referred to were on the hunt for Casey,
arc after some inquiries learned his whereabouts and started for him,
210 HISTORY OB' KNOX COUNTY.
but Charlie Love had saved him, for he was warned in time an
escaped capture.
GALE8BURG STATION.
Galesburg, from the very starting of the colony to the time of the
war, was noted as the principal depot of the Underground Railroad
in Western Illinois, if not in the whole State. The refugees were
from Missouri, and most of them would first stop at a Quaker settle-
ment in southeastern Iowa, where friends would keep them and bring
them on at night to Galesburg. Here George Davis, Samuel Hitch-
cock, Nehemiah "West and others would promote their welfare as far
towards Canada as Stark county or Ontario in this county. A Mr.
Hizer, one of the Iowa Quakers, called on Mr. Davis in this city only
two years ago, surprising him with an unexpected but very pleasura-
ble visit, and the gentlemen refreshed their memories concerning a
certain colored man whom they had helped through over thirty years
previously. Mr. Davis was accompanied by Rev. R. C. Dunn in taking
the refugee to Mr. Wyckoff's in the southern part of Stark county.
In 1858 a colored man was taken through here to Canada, who shortly
afterward found his way back to Missouri and started with nine other
slaves for the land of freedom, but reached Galesburg with only five
or six. With these it is presumed he got safely through to Canada.
There was a negro man, who stopped at Nehemiah West's on his
way to freedom. He formerly lived in luxury, being the favored
coachman of an eminent gentleman, but who, through misfortune,
failed and consequently all his property was sold. His coachman
was sold to a cruel master, who stripped him of all the good clothing
his former master had given him and donned him in the coarsest of
garments and beat him unmercifully in order, as he said, "to learn
him where he belonged, and to show him that he couldn't act the gen-
tleman around him." This negro was greatly afflicted with the con-
sumption and was quite feeble.
Another one, a cook, stopped at the same place. He was a fine in-
telligent fellow, but not unlike all others, he was continually on the
watch, thinking every footstep he heard was made by his master.
Mrs. West says they would run and hide the moment they heard the
slightest evidence of some one approaching. This cook was anxious
to help prepare the meals. He was sent to the well, just a few feet
from the house, to peel some potatoes, but becoming nervous he would
start, even at the fall of a leaf. Finally being unable to endure the
torture of fear any longer, he begged to come into the house and work,
which request was gran ted him. He would go to the window and
look out every few minutes, expecting to see his master coming after
him.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 211
Four negroes were hidden, and kept one day in the cupola of the
First Church, of Galesburg, and when night came they were hurried
on their journey.
After the railroad was built through from Chicago to Quincy, in
1854-5, these refugees would get aboard freight trains at Quincy and
go right through without much local help along the route. The
Galesburg Underground depot was then about superseded.
There is no telling how many fugitive slaves were helped through
this region of the country, no one thinking at the time what import-
ant history he was making for future generations to write up. The
number, however, was quite large, for often business was quite brisk
over the road.
ONTARIO STATION.
The depot of the Underground Kailroad in Ontario township was at
the residence of C. F. Camp, Hod Powell, conductor. Passengers for
one train consisted of four well dressed negroes, who were evidently
rather intelligent. They arrived on the evening train from Galesburg
in care of Conductor Neeley. After a partial night's lodging, and a
sumptuous meal, Conductor Powell, with his load, looking as if he
were going to mill, started for Andover Station, the next on the
route. One of the above four returned South three different times for
his family. He was so closely watched that he failed each time to
rescue his loved ones. On the third trip he found they had been sold
and sent farther south.
In the files of the Probate Court records of 1837 and 1838 are "free
papers" of the freedom of slaves. One is found stating that "Harvey
Van Allen, a boy, who was born free, and when he arrives at the age
of 21 will be as free as any white person." Another, filed May 15,
1837, of "Joe, commonly called Joe Allen, property of John Allen of
Pulaski county, Kentucky, being, for certain causes and considerations
desirous to emancipate and set free a certain negro woman, called
Sukey, the wife of free Joe, aged about 29. Said John Allen do
emancipate, liberate and set free forever the said negro woman and to
all intent and purposes to enjoy the privilege of freedom as though
she had been free born."
HITCHCOCK STATION.
Samuel Hitchcock's farm, three miles northwest of Galesburg, was
a prominent station on the Underground .Railroad L for ten years.
Many a time he secreted six or more of the fugitive slaves in his hay
mow, or in the back rooms of the house. He usuallv carried them to
13
212 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the next station in Ontario township, fifteen miles distant, starting at
9 or 10 o'clock in the evening. On one occasion, which happened to
be Commencement day of Knox College, and a very warm June morn-
ing, a gentleman from Warren county, Mr. Dilley by name, drove
up, in company with one Mr. Parker, with what resembled a load of
oat straw. Mr. Parker hailed Mr. Hitchcock. "All right!" Mr.
Hitchcock exclaimed. "All right," was again the response, when* the
load of straw began to present signs of life and one by one crawled
out the brunettes, until three women, one man and three children?
seven in all, were safely landed at Mr. Hitchcock's. They were kept
and secreted until opportunity offered to forward them to the next
station.
f AEREST OF THE REV. JOHN CROSS.
About the year 1843 some fugitive slaves passing North through
the eastern part of Knox county were helped on their journey by
members of the Underground Railroad. Rev. John Cross, a Presby-
terian minister, then living in Elba township, was suspected of help-
ing them. He was accordingly arrested and indicted therefor. In
the meantime, before the trial came off, he removed to Bureau county.
When the time for trial finally came the sheriff of this county sent a
requisition to the sheriff of Bureau county to deliver the said Cross
into court. The deputy sheriff, John Long, could find no one to
bring him. Mr. Cross, appreciating his dilemma, proposed to aid
him, and offered to take his own team and deliver himself and the
deputy in good order to the authorities of this county. They started
on Saturday, and came as far as Mr. Whitaker's, in the township of
Osceola, and stayed over Sunday, as they were no doubt conscien-
tiously opposed to desecrating that holy day. On the Sabbath Rev.
Cross preached to the goodfpeople of Osceola. Their sympathies
were aroused and excited in behalf of the reverend prisoner, and some
insinuations were uttered relative to a rescue. When Monday morn-
ing came, and they were about to start, the deputy expressed some
suspicions that there was danger. Mr. Cross felt they were quite
safe and so assured the deputy, who said " Well, I am prepared for
any emergency" The young men of the neighborhood who were
somewhat waggish in their natures, thought to test the courage of the
blustering, boasting Kentuckian official. They mounted their horses
and circulated about through the woods, which Mr. Cross and the
deputy passed through shortly after leaving Mr. Whitaker's. The
deputy, observing their mysterious movements through the trees, be-
came further alarmed, and tremulously suggested to the prisoner that
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 213
lie feared trouble ahead. Mr. Cross reassured him that his courage
did not waver, as he had a good team, and could give anyone with
mischievous intent a lively chase, but added suggestively "If you
feel there is danger of not getting through with a whole skin," per-
haps you had better lie down in the bottom of the wagon-box, and I
will throw this buffalo robe over you, so that you will be entirely un-
observed, and I will in the meantime keep a sharp look-out for foes."
The courageous (?) official at once profited by the prisoner's hint and
deposited his heroic form in the bottom of the wagon, assuming the
shape of a flounder as nearly as possible, when the robe was thrown
over him, completely obscuring him from view. The road over which
they had to travel for the next two miles was of that antique con-
struction known as "corduroy.'' Mr. Cross at once began to apply
the whip, and anon loudly saluted imaginary equestrians with a
"Good morning!" "How do you do?" "Fine morning!" etc., etc.,
not failing in the intervals to tell the poor, quivering official, who
was writhing under the double torture of fear and a free dose of
" corduroy," to lie flat and keep quiet, at the same time urging for-
ward the horses to a still more lively speed. When Rev. Cross, who
was evidently a practical joker, had punished the deputy to his satis-
faction, he halted and informed his tortured passenger that he thought
the danger now passed, and they could proceed more leisurely without
fear of interruption. They drove on to Galesburg, and Mr. Cross at
once notified the court that he had brought the prisoner, and deliv-
ered himself up.
The prisoner expected to have George W. Collins as attorney, but
he did not come. Persons were ready to bail him. Mr. Cross under-
took his own defense, saying "his attorney had failed to appear; and
although 'tis said that 'he who undertakes to defend his own cause
has a fool for a client,' he was forced to that resort," and signified his
readiness to proceed to trial. This was an unexpected attack upon
the State's attorney, and he was compelled to enter the plea that he
was not ready for trial, for want of witnesses. The defense entered a
nolle prosequi, which ended the case, somewhat ingloriously to the
participants on the part of the prosecution.
REV. JOHN CROSS AGAIN.
The following was written by Jacob Kightlinger, an old settler of
Knox county, who now resides at Yates City. It has reference to
the reverend gentleman of the previous story, and is the " other side"
of Underground Railroad life. It shows Mr. Cross to have been a
persistent worker and an active member of this humane railroad, the
best ever conducted on the continent.
214: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
About the year 1839 or 1840, Rev. Mr. John Cross came into the
township of Elba, Knox county. He was a Presbyterian preacher,
and an abolitionist at that. He told me to come and hear him preach,
and the next Sunday I took my wife and family, and went, and he
preached a very good sermon. I 'had no objections to his preaching.
After the services we started for home. We got into the wagon, and
seeing that Mr. Cross was afoot, I said, " Mr. Cross, you 'can ride in
my wagon if you choose." So he got in, and we started. Yery soon
he commenced running down the laws of Illinois, saying they were
black, and he would not obey them. He said he would harbor, feed,
and convey off negroes in defiance of the black laws of Illinois. I
then said, " Mr. Cross, do not let me see you violate the law."
"Why, sir, what would you do?" " I would take you up for violat-
ing the law." " That, sir, is just what I want to find. Some one that
has the fortitude to take me up."
So that week a load of negroes passed my house, and was conveyed
to Mr. Cross' house by a man named Wilson. I, with five or six
neighbors, went after Wilson, and we met him coming back empty.
I asked him where his negroes were. He would not tell; so we went
to Mr. Cross' house, and found the negroes in a lot of corn. We took
the negroes to Mr. Palmer, the constable, and told him to give them
a good dinner, and I said I would pay for it. Mrs. Cross had dinner
cooking for them. It was corn in the 'ear and potatoes with the skins
on, all boiling together in one pot. I said they should have a better
dinner than that, for I fed my hogs in that way, on that kind of feed.
Mr. Cross had gone down South after some negroes that day, and
he was afraid that I would take the negroes from him; so he sent a
spy to my house a Mr. Thomas, of Farmington. He came to my
house about midnight, and wanted to know the way to Spoon river
bridge, about five miles oft". Said I, " You appear to be in a hurry."
"Yes," said he. "Well, sir, what is your business?" He said he
did not tell his business .to every person. "Well, sir, you will tell it
to me, or you shall not leave here to-night," and I picked up my rifle.
I saw he got some scared, and then he was ready to tell me his busi-
ness. He said he was^in search of some negroes. I said, " Have you
lost some negroes?" "Yes." "Can you describe them?" "Yes."
" Well, go at it." He commenced, and described them perfectly.
Said I, " Do you own those negroes?" He said he had an interest in
them, so I took him to be the owner of said negroes. I said, " I will
put your horse up, and in the morning I will tell you where your
negroes are." I set my rifle up and walked out, and I heard a wagon
down at the bridge. Said I, "Do you know what wagon that is?"
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 215
He said it was the Rev. Mr. Cross. " Ho, ho! you are a spy and an
infernal scoundrel!" cried I. He jumped on his horse, and went to
Mr. Cross, and told him that I would take his new load of negroes
from him. So Mr. Cross put the negroes in Wilson's wagon, and he
drove up empty. Another man and 1 were mounted on horses at my
gate, when Mr. Cross drove up. I called three times, " Is that you,
Mr. Cross?" But instead of answering, he put whip to his horses,
and they ran, and I after them about a mile and a half. I called to a
man that lived there, named McLaughlin, to stop Cross. I said,
"Shoot the horses if he won't stop, for he has stolen something," but
he did not shoot. There was another man further on, however, who
with a pole struck down both horses.
The next day Mr. Cross went to Galesburg and swore out a warrant
against me, and I went to Galesburg before an abolition squire, and
he fined me $100. I then took an appeal to the Circuit Court. "When
all the evidence was given in, the judge (Douglas) threw it out of
court no cause for action. I then went into the grand jury room,
sent for witnesses, and Cross was indicted, and three bills found
against him for stealing negroes. He was put in jail. Afterwards
the abolitionists of Galesburg bailed him out. This is all true.
JACOB KlGHTLINGER.
YATES CITY. -*
216 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER IX.
RAILROADS.
The difficulty of reaching market in early day, and the loog time it
required for the pioneers to "get out of the wilderness " into that re-
gion of civilization where railroads and a thousand other public con-
veniences were omnipresent, need not be illustrated here, as it is suffi-
ciently dwelt upon elsewhere in this volume. The simple fact that
the early settlers of Knox county belonged to the Anglo-Saxon race
fully accounts for their rising up betimes, equally with the civilized
people of the East or elsewhere. Accordingly they were among the
first in the State to make efforts for the construction of a road toward
that region of the world whence they emigrated. While "paper"
railroads were spread all over the rest of the State, leaving Knox
county, the " garden of the West," out in the cold, the people here
began to act as if they depended upon themselves, and thus they really
got ahead of most of her sister counties, which depended more or less
upon the promised aid of the "paper schemes." Here was a grand
illustration of the moral in the fable of the " Farmer and the Lark,"
in our school readers.
The Legislature in 1836 and '37 enacted a system of internal im-
provement without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They
ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State
in air directions. There were a few counties not touched by rail-
road, river or canal, and those were comforted and compensated by
the free 'distribution of $200,000 among them. Knox county was
among the favored few who received the money instead of the " paper"
railroad. William McMurtry was in the Legislature at the time and
preferred the former to the railroad.
To carry these stupendous improvements into effect, it was ordered
that work should be commenced on both ends of each of the railroads
and rivers, and at each river crossing, all at the same time.
The appropriations for these vast improvements were over $12,000,-
000. All this was done in the incipiency of railroading, and while the
State had whole counties with scarcely a cabin, and its population
was less than 400,000.
February 12, 1849, the Legislature granted a charter to the "Peoria
and Oquawka Railroad CompanjV making the capital stock $500,000
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 217
and the shares $100 each. A certain amount of the stock had to be
subscribed by the 12th of February following before grading could
commence, and other conditions were imposed which were soon
after found to be burdensome, and were modified by the next Legisla-
ture. The affairs of the corporation were to be managed by a board
of nine directors, to be chosen annually by the stockholders from
among themselves. The following persons were named as commis-
sioners for receiving subscriptions to the stock : Samuel B. Ander-
son, James Kriox, and Daniel Meek of Knox county; Alex. Turnbull,
James W. Davidson, and Wyatt B. Stapp of Warren county ; Pres-
ton W. Martin, John McKinney and Robert M. Patterson of Hender-
son county ; and William S. Maus, Alfred G. Curtenius and Isaac
Underbill of Peoria county.
The first railroad meeting in the county of which we have any ac-
count was held at the court-house in Knoxville, (September 9, 1849, a
short report of which is given in the first number of the Knoxville
Journal. John Johnston was chairman and John G. Sanburn seere-,
tary. Hon. John Denny, Senator from this district, made a speech in
favor of the railroad ; but the main object of the meeting was to pro-
vide for an assembling of all the citizens in the county at the court-
house in the evening of October 9. When the time arrived a large
and enthusiastic audience was present. The same officers acted as at
the preliminary meeting, R. S. Blackwell spoke in favor of general
corporation laws as being preferable to special laws, and Mr. Denny
spoke again in favor of the feasibility of the enterprise as contemplated
by the charter. Hon. James Knox also spoke eloquently in favor of
the same. A motion was made and carried in favor of the principle
of voluntary taxation for funds to prosecute the work. The probable
cost of construction was estimated at $500,000 to $750,000. This
fact illustrates the general impression in regard to the cost of construct-
ing a railroad : the company spent all their money and all .that their
credit could raise in building the road from Burlington to Young
America, leaving the longest part, from Young America to Peoria, yet
to be built, and no money left either to build farther or equip the
road already constructed. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy rail-
road, when fully completed and equipped, was found to cost $48,000
per mile, while the original estimate was only $10,000 per mile, as
made by our own people, who of course were not accustomed to rail-
road building. A resolution was adopted requesting the commission-
ers in this county to correspond with the others with a view to con-
certed action.
This meeting was followed by others throughout the county, and
218 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY.
the people generally became very enthusiastic. Mr. John S. Winter
used the influence of his paper, the Knoxville Journal, in an intel-
ligent and zealous manner for the interest of the cause. Scarcely a
number was published without a lengthy and ably written editorial
upon the subject. He excelled in the art of pouring oil upon troubled
waters. The only opposition to the road at this time was at Mon-
mouth, where the citizens were interested in another route, namely,
from Quincy to Rockford.
The first meeting at Galesburg was held November 29, 1849, when
Mr. Knox and several residents of the place spoke for the road. Rev.
G. W. Gale took an active part in stirring up the people to action in
the enterprise. At the request of the Peorians a rousing convention
was held at Knoxville December 20, Norman H. Purple, Judge of the
Circuit Court, presiding. Committees were appointed to collect sta-
tistics relative to the cost of railroad construction, and a resolution
was adopted requesting the commissioners to open the subscription
books, etc. Several very eloquent addresses were delivered. Not a
word of opposition was spoken, and the proceedings of this conven-
tion were ratified by meetings of citizens all along the route.
About this time a Michigan man came to Knoxville, and convinced
some people that a wooden railroad was about as good as an iron one,
and being much cheaper it was far preferable!
At this stage of the development of the country, Knoxville did
not feel herself large enough to be jealous of Peoria, for one of her
arguments in favor of building the road was, it would build up Peoria
and thus bring manufactories nearer home.
While the defects of the charter were causing the enterprise to drag,
Peoria organized a new company, under a charter which had formerly
been granted to one Andrew Gray, to build and operate at least ten
miles of road in a westerly direction from Peoria, and finally go
through Farmingtoii and thence direct to Burlington, leaving Knox-
ville and Galesburg to the north. It was called the "Peoria & Mis-
sissippi Railroad Company." The citizens of Knoxville and vicinity
favored even this road rather than have no railroad in the county at
all; but February 10, 1851, the defects of the charter of the Peoria
& Oquawka Company were remedied by the Legislature, permission
being given to commence work with a less amount of stock paid in,
the road to run through Knoxville and Monmouth, with Galesburg
left to the north again by three miles this time. Therefore, only
five days subsequently, the " Central Military Tract Railroad Com-
pany" was organized under the general law, at Galesburg, with the
following members : Lieutenant Governor William McMurtry, 0. S.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 221
Colton, James Bnnce, George C. Lanpliere, W. S. Gale, Alfred Brown,
Silas Willard, A. C. Wiley, Edwin G. Ellet, Edward Hollister, Syl-
vester Blish, Barney M. Jackson, Myrtle G. Brace, and William
Maxwell. Mr. Lanphere, being the only Democrat in the ring, was
sent to the Legislature. He was instructed either to secure a change
in the line of the Peoria & Oqnawka Railroad so as to make Gales-
burg a station, or else to secure permission to organize a company
under the general railroad law, to construct a railroad from Gales-
burg to some point on the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad; which
last was obtained, the former proposition having been refused; but
June 19, 1852, the charter was so amended as to give them the right
to connect with any railroad leading directly or indirectly to Chicago.
Sheffield was the point they first thought of aiming for, and contracts
were let in 1851-2 for building the road to that place; but subse-
quently they determined to meet the Chicago & Aurora road at
Mendota. This change was caused by the following circumstances:
While the Peoria & Oquawka road was being slowly worked up by
local subscription alone, Mr. C. S. Colton chanced to meet United
States Senator J. W. Grimes, of Burlington, Iowa, in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, and Mr. Wadsworth, of Chicago, President of the Chicago
& Aurora Railroad, a branch of the Chicago & Galena Railroad; and
after consultation they concluded that an independent route direct to
Chicago was the most feasible. Soon after this James W. Brooks,
President of the Michigan Central R. R. Co., and James F. Joy, both
of Detroit, Mich., interested themselves in the Central Military Tract
road. They proposed that if the people along the route from Gales-
burg to Mendota would subscribe $300,000, they would furnish
enough more to complete the grading of the road and laying of the
ties; and when that was done they could borrow money on the bonds
of the enterprise to complete the road and set it in operation.
The company organized under the general law attempted to secure
the construction of the road and to obtain subscriptions therefor;
but after two years' fruitless efforts to raise money for a railroad
whose rates for fares and freights should be subject to legislative
action, they found it impossible, for the reason that Eastern capital-
ists would not invest their money in a railroad organized under the
State law then existing, which gave the Legislature the control over
the rates to be charged for transportation of passengers and freight.
This was made the special and distinct issue at the time. So, after
two years' efforts and no success in their undertaking, the enterprise
was abandoned, and a meeting was called at the office of W. Selden Gale
(the " Intelligencer '' office), and that gentleman drafted a special
222 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
charter (copied principally from the charter of the Illinois Central R.
R.), which obviated the objection above referred to in regard to fix-
ing rates by the Legislature. This charter gave the company entire
control over their property, the same as any other personal property,
with full powers to fix rates of transportation. Mr. 0. S. Colton was
delegated to visit Springfield and to secure the passage of this special
charter through the Legislature, which he did; and this same charter
was the foundation of the 0., B. & Q. R. R., which is to-day the pride
of this county and State; the credit of whose successful initiation, con-
struction and development belongs to Knox county and to its intel-
ligent and enterprising citizens.
One of the first meetings held in Galesburg, for the purpose of
raising stock, was at the old Academy building, when the first three
subscribers were Dr. James Bunce, James Bull and Henry Ferris.
Dr. Bunce is dead, Mr. Bull never paid his subscription, and Mr.
Ferris is therefore the oldest stockholder now in Galesburg.
After several months' canvassing for subscriptions to the new com-
pany of the C., B. & Q. R. R., for the $300,000 required as a guar-
anty for the construction of the road, it was found that there still
remained $50,000 to be raised. At this juncture Messrs. Joy and
Brooks came to Galesburg and gave notice that they would not
promise a further extension of time on behalf of their principals, who
had agreed to build thei road when $300,000 was subscribed on
the line of the road. It was a vital question to be settled; for
$50,000 must be raised to complete this subscription, or the whole
enterprise be abandoned, and all the work of two years lost. Every
precinct had been canvassed, and meetings held in every school-house
to arouse the citizens along the proposed line to subscribe. In some
instances only a single share would be subscribed, after an evening's
presentation of the importance of the enterprise. This was the position
of matters when it was found that the final $50,000 was lacking, and no
hope left of raising another dollar. In this last and greatest emergency,
C.S. Colton and Silas "Willard, who had been the principal promoters of
the enterprise, consulted together and finally determined to risk
everything on the success of the undertaking. These two gentlemen
subscribed each for half of the $50,000, and thereby bound all the
other subscriptions, and bound also the Eastern capitalists to their
contract for building the road. The subscription of the final $50,000
proved to be even more burdensome than these gentlemen anticipated,
as they were compelled to borrow the entire amount at ten per cent,
interest; all of their own means being fully occupied in their busi-
ness. For several years they paid this interest on their $50,000 sub-
scription before the road paid a cent of dividend.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 223
February 1, 1851, the Legislature granted the Northern Cross R.
K. Co. power to build a branch from some point on their road in Adams
county (now Camp Point) to the most eligible point at or near the
southern termination of the Illinois & Michigan canal, provided they
would not run east of Knoxville. June 21, 1852, they were further
authorized to terminate this branch at any point connecting with any
railroad extending northward to Chicago.
In 1852 a survey was made from Galesburg to Mendota, by Chief
Engineer W. P. Whittle, assisted by B. B. Wentworth and Prof.
George Churchill ; and C. M. Carr of Galesburg was put into the field
as agent to wake up the people. The road at first had been surveyed
through Henderson, but afterwards it was thrown four miles to the
east, to make it straight and to avoid the breaks of Henderson creek.
Henderson of course did not like this, and Dr. Bunce waggishly con-
soled them by suggesting that some one could take a yoke of stags
and draw Henderson out to the road, to the point since called Wataga.
Keithsburg tried to get a branch from their place to connect with
the Central Military Tract at Henderson. Meetings were held along
the route, but' the project was soon utterly abandoned. In 1853 a
railroad from Wataga through Henderson to Keithsburg was chartered
by the Legislature as a section of the Northern Cross road, but two
years afterward this provision of the charter was repealed.
By the year 1852 Knoxville was fighting Galesburg and tried to get
the Northern Cross road to come to that place. Throughout 1851-2
the people between Peoria and Burlington were feverishly waiting for
their road to go ahead, and wondering what was the matter. The ter-
minal cities, by a corporation vote, subscribed each $75,000 stock.
Burlington got ahead of Oquawka, and then Henderson county re-
fused by 100 majority to take any stock in^the road. June 20, 1851,
the P. & O. stockholders met at Knoxville, after due notice given by
the commissioners, and elected their first board of -directors, namely,
Charles Mason and J. W. Grimes of Burlington, Abner C. Harding and
Samuel Webster of Monmouth, James Knox and Julius Manning of
Knoxville, Asa D. Reed of Farmington, Rudolphus Rouse and Wash-
ington Cockle of Peoria, to serve one year. Mr. Knox was elected
president, Robert L. Hannaman secretary, and William Phelps of
Peoria treasurer. The first contract for grading was let in October,
1851, at the Peoria end. Soon afterwards the following enthusiastic
telegram was sent to Burlington:
" Peoria, Oct. 13, 1851.
The ceremony of breaking ground at the eastern terminus of the Burlington and
224: HISTORY OF K3STOX COUNTY.
Peoria railroad was commenced to-day by the persuasive eloquence of the country-
men of Emmet, forty of whom are using their power in the shape of spades, picks
and barrows, the only species of influence which have hitherto succeeded in building
railroads."
In December of this year the citizens of Oquawka subscribed about
$40.000 stock. June 7, 1852, Charles Mason was elected president.
A few days previously he had bought the first two locomotives and
some cars for road construction.
After a long negotiation between the managers of the Central Mil-
itary Tract R. R. and the Northern Cross road (Quincy being the
initial point), carried on by C. S. Colton on the part of the former
and Hon. N. Bushnell for the latter, a junction of the two roads was
made at Galesburg, which was subsequently ratified by an act of the
Legislature. In August the Northern Cross company agreed to meet
the Central Military Tract at Galesburg.
June 15, 1853, R. Rouse was chosen president of the P. & O. Co.,
"W. Cockle secretary, J. P. Hotchkiss treasurer, and Julius Manning
attorney; and the board accepted the amendment of the charter rela-
tive to the "Eastern Extension" from Peoria. By September of this
year all parts of the P. & O. road were under contract. Burlington
organized for a western extension to the Missouri river.
October 14, 1852, the C. M. T. Company increased their stock from
$100,000 to $600,000, and elected the following thirteen directors: J.
"W. Brooks, Henry Ledyard, J. F. Joy and G. V. N. Lothrop, of De-
troit; I. H. Burch, C. G. Hammond and John H. Kinzie, of Chicago;
Chauncey S. Colton, W . Selden Gale, James Bunce and Silas Willard,
of Galesburg; William McMurtry, of Henderson; and John H. Bryant,
of Princeton. They elected Mr. Brooks president, J. M. Berrien
chief engineer, and David Sanborn, of Galesburg, secretary and treas-
urer. The engineer's and treasurer's offices were to be at Galesburg,
and the stock to be called in the rate of five per cent, a month.
"Work went ahead. September 11, 1854, the cars reached Princeton,
and December 7 the first locomotive engine, the " Reindeer," moved
into Galesburg, with a construction train. Exorbitant rents at Gales-
burg soon caused the treasurer's office to be removed to Chicago.
When the eastern end of the P. & O. road was completed to Elm-
wood and the western end to Monmouth, work ceased. George C.
Bestor, of Peoria, was president, Henry Nollte secretary, and J. P.
Hotchkiss treasurer. For some time the officers failed to report to
the public, and dissatisfaction among the people was thereby engen-
dered; and when in July, 1854, they called for the balance of the
HISTOKY OF KNOX COUNTY. 225
stock, the subscribers were suspicious that all was not right. William
S. Mans, of Peoria, James Knox, of Knoxville, and A. 0. Harding,
of Momnouth, contracted to finish the road between the above-men-
tioned points, but, being unable to fulfil their contract, they soon sold
out to the C. M. T. company, the latter agreeing to complete, equip
and operate the road.
The road from Burlington to Peoria was not completed until some
time in 1856; and about this time the Chicago & Aurora, the North-
ern Cross, the Central Military Tract, and the Peoria & Oquawka Cos.
were all consolidated under the " Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail-
road Company," and this name, finally adopted by the company, was
derived from the names of the terminal points of the road at the time
of the consolidation of the three lines that have been mentioned. J.
"W. Brooks was elected president of the road. Since the organization
of this corporation the Galesburg division, which is the most im-
portant of the road, has been under the immediate supervision of
Henry Hitchcock, who by his efficient labors has kept his division
second to none.
In all this railroad construction the county of Knox has never been
called upon in its corporate capacity to render aid, nor indeed any city
or township therein.
A few years ago the C., B. & Q. Company bought the Rockford,
Rock Island & St. Louis railroad under foreclosure of mortgage, for
$1,600,000. It is said that that road cost $11,000,000, and bondhold-
ers in Germany are the losers of about six-sevenths of their invest-
ment. The road has a few miles of track in the northwestern portion
of the county, and the Peoria & Rock Island railroad has two miles of
track across the northeastern corner of the county.
The expenditures in the shop department, on the depot grounds,
etc., for the year ending April 30, 1866, amounted to $347,543.31 ;
1878, about $375.000.
Besides this, from $30,000 to $50,000 a year is paid out in Gales-
burg for miscellaneous jobs. About $50,000 a month is now paid
out in Galesburg alone on the railroad account.
The C., B. & Q. R. R. now has in this State 136 conductors, 44
engineers, 244 brakemen, 175 flagmen, 158 station agents, 4,969 in
all; 186 locomotives, 116 passenger cars, 4,271 box cars, 1,786 other
cars, 6,173 in all; and 824 miles of track; which is more than any
other road has in this State. Assessed valuation of property, $9,432,-
489; gross receipts in 1877, $11,524,562; ordinary expenses, $6,567,-
866; net earnings, $4,956,696. Accidents in 1877: passengers killed,
1; employes killed, 15; others killed, 20; damages paid for stock $17,-
226 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
654; damages paid for property destroyed by fire, $13,250. Number
of passengers carried, 2,065,143; number of passengers carried one
mile, 93,306,293; average distance traveled by each passenger, 45
miles; number of tons of freight carried, 2,660,023.
As one successful enterprise begets others, the success of the 0., B.
& Q. R. R. has incited other railroad enterprises having Galesburg
for a point. As early as 1857 charters were obtained for the Gales-
burg & Rock Island and the Galesburg & Muscatine railroads. To
the former of these the city of Galesburg pledged $30,000. In 1870
the Court Creek R. R. Co. was chartered and preliminary surveys
were made, and the city, by an almost unanimous vote, offered for its
construction $100,000. In the winter of 1875-6 the Keokuk, Gales-
burg & Chicago Narrow-Gauge Railway Company was organized; a
preliminary survey was made, and pledges to the amount of about
$75,000 given in Galesburg for its construction, the money to be re-
paid in transportation when the road was built.
The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company has always
kept a better road than perhaps any other company west. The road-
bed is about perfect, the track smooth and firm, and the rolling stock
of the first class. The passenger coaches have always been elegantly
furnished, and the trains run closely to time. A double track now
extends from Chicago nearly to Princeton, and probably will soon be
completed through to Galesburg. One from Galesburg to Center
Point is already built. The company has control also of the Burlington
& Missouri River R. R. as far west as Kearney Junction, Nebraska.
In the personnel of road service the company has also kept ahead of
other roads, agents and conductors obliging, engineers faithful, and
brakernen prompt. The superintendents have also been scrupulous
and exact, training the men under them to such habits as commend
them to good situations here or elsewhere.
Henry Hitchcock has been Superintendent of the Galesburg divis-
ion and a resident of the city of Galesburg for about 20 years. He is
a man of few words, and commands the respect and esteem of all the
employees on his division. He stands high as a citizen, and his long
service for such a corporation as the C., B. & Q. is a sufficient testi-
monial to his competency and integrity.
J. T. Clarke, formerly Road-master, and S. T. Shankland, Assist-
ant Road-master, are now division superintendents on the Union
Pacific R. R. A. N. Towne worked his way up on the C., B. & Q.
road from brakeman to Assistant Superintendent and he is now Gen-
eral Superintendent of the Central Pacific. These men are proofs of
the good training given by the C., B. & Q. Company.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 227
CHAPTER X.
CRIMINAL RECORD.
FIRST MURDER.
The first murder committed among the white settlers of Knox
county was under the following circumstances:
In the winter of 1837 Dr. Valentine T. Dalton, of Knoxville, while
he was the family physician of Mr. Rude, of the same place, took a
daughter of Mr. Rude's, Hester Ann, out riding with him in a cutter
one evening. His conversation became rather insolent, and while he
was tying his horse she escaped to a cabin near by and concealed her-
self. The doctor was subsequently arrested and he gave security for
his appearance at court the ensuing spring; but before the session of
the court, one beautiful spring day about 12 o'clock, while Hester
Ann and her brother Silas were alone at their home, and Dr. Dalton
was standing in the street with his back toward the house, talking
with Sheriff Osborn, he was shot by a gun from a window, and ex-
pired in about 20 minutes. Silas and Hester Ann were arrested and
committed to jail. Judge R. L. Hannaman, then master in chancery,
sent Hester Ann, under a writ of habeas corpus, to the nearest circuit
judge, who was at Springfield, and she was released. But Silas, be-
fore he was tried, was let out of jail one night, some one outside
using a crow-bar for the purpose of breaking through. He went to
Kentucky, married there, and after a number of years returned to
Knox county; but in a short time he removed to Southern Iowa,
where, as is reported, he became a dissipated ruffian of the most des-
perate character. At length, without any legal provocation, he shot
one of his neighbors, and the citizens immediately collected together
and pursued him, overtaking him in an unfinished barn, where, armed
with a revolver and probably other weapons, he at first declared that
they would never take him alive. They assured him, however, that
they would take him alive; and after remonstrating with him a little
while, he agreed to surrender if they would permit him first to have
a talk with his wife. They granted him leave; and after he had talked
with her about an hour and a half, they concluded that that was
sufficient time, and took him out a little way from his house and shot
him.
228 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Hester Ann, on the very evening of the day she was released at
Springfield, married a Mr. Saunders, and after residing in Missouri
for sometime, returned to this county, and then moved to Mon mouth,
111., where a daughter of hers married Mr. Madden, a young law-
yer of that place. She, however, recently obtained a divorce from
Mr. Madden, and now resides in Missouri. Hester Ann, after experi-
encing many of the most dramatic scenes of life and losing her hus-
band, removed to Peoria, where at last accounts she was still living.
John Root.
John Root, a Swede of Henry county, was sentenced September 18,
1852, for two years, for manslaughter. He was educated as an Ameri-
can, but married a woman more recently from Sweden, who was a
member of the Bishop Hill colony. Eric Jansen was autocrat of this
colony and would not let Mrs. Root leave it to live with her husband
among the Americans. Mr. Root brought suit against Jansen at Cam-
bridge, and while the case was pending, he shot and killed him in
the court-house, at mid-day, while the people were mostly at din-
ner. Root was indicted for murder, and the case was brought to
Knoxville, where he was tried and sentenced. At the end of a year
he was pardoned.
Ephraim J. Young.
This man was indicted for murder at the October term of 1857, and
two years from that time he was sentenced for six months for the
crime of manslaughter.
Andrew J. McBride
w r as indicted for murder October, 1857, convicted of manslaughter
and sentenced for three years.
Franklin H. Williamson,
or Williams, was indicted October, 1858, and sentenced one year for
manslaughter.
Adelbert Culver ',
indicted February, 1866, in the following June was transferred to Hen-
derson county.
Henry Hill,
indicted November, 1867, pleaded guilty of manslaughter, and in the
following February sentenced for two years.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 229
James O'JSrien,
indicted October, 1870, for the murder of Mrs. Ellett, whose corpse was
found in a decomposed condition near Henderson. The case was
changed to Henry county, where the prisoner died in jail.
Andrew B. Swansen.
Ankrew B. Swansen, a Swede of Galesburg, killed his wife by poison
in July, 1872, and was indicted for murder at the October term of that
year, and his case taken to Warren county, where he was subsequently
convicted of manslaughter and sentenced for 15 years ; but before he
was taken to the State prison he committed suicide, cutting his throat
with a razor. He was buried in Galesburg on the very day that Os-
borne's trial commenced.
John Marion Osborne.
The only person who has suffered capital punishment in Knox
county was John Marion Osborne, executed at Knoxville, March 14,
1873, for murdering Mrs. Adelia M. Matthews, one and one-fourth
miles west of Yates City, August 5, 1872. He was born in Clay
county, Illinois, January 16, 1846. From 5 to 22 years of age he
resided in Delaware county, Iowa, except what time he was in the
army; he then joined a band of " Western Bandits," whose operations
(according to Osborne's confession) extended from Fort Scott, Kan-
sas, to St. Paul, Minnesota. He took the j usual brigand's oath, and
never betrayed his fellows; was sent to Iowa State prison for two and
a half years for larceny; served out the term of the sentence, less the
time gained by good behavior; then worked for a man in McDonough
county, under the name of Frank Clark; then was at Galesburg for a
time, and finally, in 1871, went to live with his aunt near Yates City;
married his cousin there, and worked awhile for Mr. Matthews, the
husband of the murdered woman. He claimed that he was hired by
a man name not given to kill Mrs. Matthews for the sum of $5,000;
but it was proved in court that he attempted rape upon her person,
and killed her to keep her from informing upon him. On the day
aforesaid he went to her house, found none at home but her, and
as she went down cellar to get some butter, in order to prepare din-
ner for him, he followed her; and as she stooped down to get the but-
ter he struck her on the back of the head, first with a brickbat, then
with a board, and finally cut her throat with a knife. He did not run
away from the neighborhood, but turned out with others to hunt the
murderer. Circumstances pointing to him as the guilty man, he was
14
230 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
arrested, indicted in October, 1872, and' at the February term, 1873,
tried in Galesburg, at the opera-house, which for eight days was
crowded with an excited throng. Mobs had endeavored to lynch the
prisoner, and all the people were in a fever of excitement. February
15, 1873, he was found guilty, and on the 20th he was sentenced. He
resisted all attempts to obtain a confession from him until the
day he was executed. He was hanged in the jail-yard at Knoxville.
Thousands of people were in 4 the vicinity trying to obtain a view of
the terrible scene by climbing upon houses, sheds, trees, etc., break-
ing some of them down, and even creating little riots. In the drop
the neck of the criminal was not dislocated, and he died by strangu-
lation, his heart ceasing to beat in about ten minutes. His body was
buried in Hope Cemetery, at Galesburg, Elder J. W. Griffith, of the
Baptist Church, who was his spiritual adviser, officiating.
In the prosecution of the case, State's Attorney J. J. Tunniclift
was assisted by A. M. Craig, now Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, and the court appointed Messrs. George W. Kretzinger and
Adrian L. Humphrey to act as counsel for the defendant. After the
verdict was rendered, the defense appealed to the Supreme Court for
a supersedeas. Judges Lawrence and Walker, acting, denied the mo-
tion, and complimented Mr. Tunnicliff in the highest terms for the
fidelity with which he had prosecuted the case, and the care which
had been taken in the court to preserve the record from error.
John Marion Chesney.
The very next murder in this county was also a John Marion,
whose surname was Chesney. He killed a negro in Abingdon in
1873; was indicted in the fall, and a change of venue was taken to
Fulton county, where he was subsequently acquitted.
John Burgeson.
In the spring of 1876 John Burgeson, alias John Boline, of Oneida,
came home one evening drunken and dangerous. Through fright his
wife fled to a neighbor's and remained all night, leaving in her haste
her little child of five years of age at the house with the drunken
man, who was step-father of the child. Next morning the child was
found dead in the house. Burgeson was indicted at the June term ;
February 8, 1877, pleaded guilty of manslaughter, and on the 24th
was sentenced to the penitentiary for twelve years.
J. W. Mageors.
In June, 1876, an indictment for murder was also found against J.
W. Mageors, alias Bob Mageors, and Electa Ritchey; but as to the
STATES ATTORNEY.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 233
latter a nolle prosvqui was soon entered for want of evidence. Mageors
is charged with killing a man at Abingdon named Joseph Ritchey,
but while the indictment against him is still pending, he is serving
out a sentence in the penitentiary for the larceny of cattle. The case
is a complicated and mysterious one, and unless further evidence is
discovered the murderer will probably escape.
William H. Vawters.
"William H. Vawters shot a man at Yates City, and in the autumn
of 1876 he was convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced for six years ;
but before the expiration of one year he was pardoned.
Richard B. Heather.
In 1876 Richard B. Heather killed S. Peter Johnson at Abingdon,
October 25. His bail was fixed at $15,000, and he took a change of
venue to Fulton county, where the next April he was convicted of
manslaughter. In May he was sentenced for six years, but the fol-
lowing November he was pardoned.
Carl Carlson.
Carl Carlson, of Galesburg, got partially drunk November 10, 1877;
set a house on fire, which was burned down. The next morning a
charred corpse was found, and evidences indicated that Carlson had
robbed the deceased. He was sentenced for a long term in the peni-
tentiary for burglary.
William P. Brown
was indicted for assault with attempt to kill his wife. He was tried
found guilty, and sentenced to one year in the State prison at Joliet
William H. Beasley.
William H. Beasley, one of the proprietors of Brown's Hotel,
Galesburg, caused the death of a Miss Mattie ]STaslund, a Swede
employe in the hotel, by producing abortion. He was indicted for
murder at the June term of 1877, and at the fall term he was con-
victed of manslaughter and sentenced for four years.
GILSON MURDER.
Sunday afternoon, August 5, 1877, the quiet little village of Gilson
was thrown into considerable excitement by the announcement that the
residence of one of its citizens had been burglariously entered during
the absence of the family, who were at church. It was the house of
234 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Woodford Pierce that had been entered, who on returning home im-
mediately discovered indications of his house having been pillaged.
A coat, duster, scissors and $75 in money had been taken. Alarm
was instantly given, and suspicion directed to a tramp who had been
seen lurking in the vicinity. Tracks were discovered and pursuit made.
In the pursuit through the woods the burglar was seen armed with a
shot gun and revolver, and carrying a satchel. He fired several shots
and wounded little Willie Helter in the ankle. He was soon chased into
a corn field, where he shot and killed the horse which Charles Maston
and Charles Cramer were both riding in the pursuit. Shortly after,
he shot and wounded James Pickrel in the knee, and also wounded
his horse in the shoulder. At this time Charles Belden came upon
the burglar, and called upon him to halt, when he turned upon Bel-
den, saying, "Halt, you s n of a b h," and fired, the ball passing
through Belden's heart. Belden exclaimed, "I'm killed," and died
instantly. The burglar fled again through the corn. Charles Mc-
Kown, the post-master of Gilson, followed him on horseback, revolver
in hand. Suddenly he came upon the burglar, who whirled, and both
shot simultaneously, McKown receiving a very serious, and at the
time supposed fatal, wound, through the left lung; but he has since
recovered. Care of the dead and wounded necessitated a temporary
cessation of pursuit. About 6 o'clock, however, aid from Knoxville^
Maquon and elsewhere having been summoned, pursuit in an organ-
ized body of several hundred men was resumed, but without avail,
and the burglar and murderer made his escape in the darkness. Just
before his death, Belden found a vest which the burglar had thrown
away in the pursuit in the cornfield. In this vest, on examination
afterwards, was found an express receipt dated at Elmwood, August
3. and given to "Frank Rande." This was the first clue as to who the
murderer and burglar was, and was the cause of his being arrested in
St. Louis.
The excitement over the murder of Belden, or the "Gilson mur-
der," as it subsequently was universally termed, was intense. The
entire country for miles around for days was alive with armed persons
in pursuit of the escaped murderer, who, going to the timber, shunned
the excited populace, to enact another and similar crime within a few
days. As an inducement for his capture Governor Cullom oiFered a
reward of $200. In addition Sheriff Berggren, on behalf of the
county, offered $600, and Haw Creek township $200. Nothing more
was heard of this daring desperado until Friday, November 16, when
Sheriff Berggren received the following telegram:
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 235
ST. Louis, Mo., Nov. 16, 1877.
A.W. Berggren, Sheriff of Knox Co.: I have the murderer who killed Belden. He
is in hospital, shot by rny officers. Bring parties to identify him.
JAMES McDoxouGH,
Chief of Police.
Promptly Sheriff Berggren started for St. Louis, leaving Galesburg
Friday night. He was accompanied by Charles McKown for the pur-
pose of identifying the murderer. On arriving at St. Louis they met
Sheriff Hitchcock, of Peoria county, Chief of Police Kirnsey, of Pe-
oria, and M. C. Lilley, gunsmith, of Elmwood. Sheriff Hitchcock,
from the express receipt found in the cornfield, had worked up the
case, and tracked Rande to various places until finally he was discov-
ered in St. Louis and arrested in "Wright's pawn shop. The $1,000
reward was paid to Sheriff Hitchcock.
The suspected man, after conversation with Mr. McKown, Lilley
and others, was positively identified as the perpetrator of the Gilson
murder. He was also identified by others as the party who commit
ted three murders in precisely a similar manner at St. Elmo, Fayette
county, not long after the commission of the Gilson murder.
Xhe desperado was recognized in a pawn shop in St. Louis. Two
police officers being summoned, a bloody struggle ensued between
him and the officers, Heffernan and White; Rande drew a navy revol-
ver, and in the struggle between him and the officers succeeded in
killing Officer White, and was himself wounded by a shot from Pawn-
broker Wright, who assisted the officers. In Rande's possession were
found two large revolvers, a knife, a billy and a pair of brass
knuckles. He gave his name as Frank Rande, and by that name
was subsequently known. For the killing of White, Rande could not
have been hung by the laws of Missouri, and that being the end
desired by the masses, he was delivered up on the requisition of the
Governor of Illinois and taken to the scene of his earlier crimes.
Arriving in Galesburg, Wednesday, November 28th, a large crowd
had gathered at the depot in anticipation of his arrival, great excite-
ment prevailing. Rande was handcuffed to Chief of Police Kimsey,
of Peoria, on one side, and guarded by Officer Hennessey, of St.
Louis, on the other, with Sheriff Berggren and Deputy Sheriff Blood
ahead, and Sheriff Hitchcock and Deputy Sheriff Gill, of Peoria
county, behind, and was immediately marched to the county jail,
where during his incarceration a constant, persistent throng of visi-
tors sought and obtained admission, and were afforded through the
courtesy of Sheriff Berggren the coveted opportunity of seeing the
fiend in human form. At one time, however, the throng was so great
that the sheriff found it necessary to interdict admission for a while.
236 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
It was the determination of the sheriff and State's attorney, the conser-
vators of the public peace and safety, not to parley with a common
thief and triple murderer. An outraged and suffering community
looked to them for the punishment of the offender and protection
from similar crimes; and that they labored faithfully, energetically
and wisely to have the law fully and vigorously enforced, was the an-
nounced opinion of press and public.
By appointment of Judge Smith, upon the request of State's At-
torney Tunnicliff, at 4 o'clock Wednesday afternoon, Rande was
arraigned in the Circuit Court to enable him to plead to the indict-
ment for murder found against him by the special grand jury. As
was expected, in'reply to the State's attorney as he read the indict-
ment he pleaded "not guilty." Not having counsel, the Court ap-
pointed Hon. O. F. Price, E. H. Leach and R. C. Hunt to conduct his
case. Subsequently counsel was secured by his friends, although he
had but few such in Knox county or elsewhere. Hon. D. P. Stubbs,
of Fairfield, Iowa, C. G. Bradshaw, of Bloomington, and Hon. O. F.
Price of Galesburg, three able, shrewd and energetic lawyers, were re-
tained. After being arraigned, he was conducted to W. H. Hunt's
art gallery, East Main street, where pictures were taken of him in
various positions, each exhibiting two large pistols, his u pets," as
he was wont to call such weapons. Thinking himself "eminently
popular, he conceived the idea of selling his pictures, to assist in de-
fraying the expenses of his defense, arid accordingly had about 800
struck off, upon the back of which he had the following heinous in-
scription:
Frank Rande,
"The American Brigand,"
The Knox County Desperado, the brilliant and daring
Young Bandit of the Wabash.
Real name, Charles C. Scott ; born in Claysville,
Washington Co., Pa., Sept. 23, 1839.
38 years of age in 1877.
But before printing the above on the back of the photographs,
he sent for W. B. Richards, patent solicitor, of Galesburg, and
stated to him his desire to secure the copyright to his photographs,
which he claimed were unwarrantably issued by photographers in
St. Louis. Mr. Richards informed Rande that any copyright is-
sued under an assumed name would be wholly valueless. Therefore
Rande briefly considered the matter, and then asked for a paper and
pencil. When they were handed him, he wrote, in a neat style of
chirography, his true name, "Charles C. Scott, Fairfield, Iowa."
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 237
This, then, was the first time his name was known. His parents,
although hearing of the case, had no knowledge or even an idea of the
murderer being their son.
Wednesday, December 5, after the true name of Rande was
divulged, Postmaster Clark E. Carr received from Postmaster W. T.
Bergen, of Fairfield, Iowa, the following communication: "I think
there is no doubt of Frank Rande being pharles C. Scott of this place.
Some years ago he broke jail at Ottumwa, and was arrested and
brought here, but escaped from the sheriff, and has never been heard
of since. His parents reside here and are respectable people. His
father is an industrious, honorable man. The life of Rande is charac-
teristic of Scott. He seemed to be utterly abandoned and lost to
advice."
He went under aliases besides that of " Rande," among which were
"Van Zandt," "Frank Holden," "Frank Durand," "Frank War-
ner," "Frank Orton," " Frank Anderson" and "Frank Danvers."
Rande was brought to trial Tuesday, December 11,' 1877", but obtained
a continuance until the February term, the defense claiming a too
hurried arraignment and short date of trial, also pleading his physi-
cal weakness on account of wounds received at the time of his arrest-
Tuesday, February 5, 1878, the case was opened, Judge Smith pre-
siding, Court convening in the opera house. The attendance was large,
and throughout the ] 5 days' trial the interest or attendance was not
diminished. The masses freely denounced the culprit and almost the
universal public verdict "vyas for hanging. Not only was there the in-
tensest local feeling manifested in the proceedings, but the people
throughout Illinois and the adjoining States exhibited no little interest
in the case. The St. Louis Journal contained the following joyous po "
etical effusion on Rande's being brought to this county for trial :
" There is a ruffian Rande
Far, far away,
Manacles on either hand
By night and day.
Oh, how they'll sweetly siug.
When they to the gallows bring
This rogue to quietly swing,
No more to stay !
The Chicago Tribune, and Times, Peoria Transcript, Burlington
Hawkeye, St. Louis Post and Indianapolis Journal had reporters in
attendance, and othgr papers special correspondents. The Galesburg
Republican-Register was especially ^enterprising in giving an account
of the trial, and to better accommodate its readers the issue was
238 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
changed from evening to morning, thus appearing each morning with
a complete account of the previous day's proceedings.
L. J. Phelps was appointed as official reporter by the Court.
The selection of jurors was a long and tedious process, both the
prosecution and defense being especially studious to discover objections
to the men subpoenaed. Tuesday, Wednesday and the greater part of
Thursday were spent in this work. Over 150 persons were examined,
and finally the following jury were selected: J. P. Clark, William
Overlander, P. M. Kodecker, H. E. Cashrnan, Samuel Eankin, Wil-
liam Fritz, Frank Barnes, Elvin Vestal, Martin R. Lowery, M.
Pierce, J. H. Pence, J. W. Farr. :
The trial proceeded without any extraordinary event occurring
The prisoner assumed and maintained an air of manifest indifference,
seemingly satisfied in his own mind that his fate was not to die on the
gallows. The prosecution was conducted by State's Attorney Tunni-
cliff and James A. McKenzie, the former making the opening address
to the jury on the eleventh day of the trial. He discussed the law of
the right of private citizens, as well as officers, to arrest, when a felony
has been committed, and cited volumes of law, including Pleas of the
Crown, and the right to arrest upon fresh pursuit under the Statutes
of Illinois, fle riddled the defense of insanity which had been at-
tempted to be interposed in behalf of the prisoner, and made an elo-
quent appeal for protection for the citizens from such characters as
Raude. While it is impossible to give even a synopsis of an argu-
ment which took seven hours in its delivery, we will give the verdict
of the leading paper of the Northwest, the Chicago Tribune, which
characterized the argument of State's Attorney Tunnicliff " as worthy
of a place in a most praiseworthy prosecution." At the close he elo-
quently said : " Myself and associate counsel do not ask of you any
compromise verdict. We demand the infliction of the death penalty
as the only atonement he can make. Send him not to be pardoned by
some future governor, not to escape from an insane asylum, to fill the
land again with mourning ; but inflict upon this human butcher of
his fellow men the only punishment that can satisfy an outraged peo-
ple. He has defied God's law and the law of the State, and he must
die, die upon the gallows. My duty is fulfilled : yours is yet to be
done."
State's Attorney J. J. Tunnicliff deserves special mention here for
the ability, integrity and industry he has exhibited in all his official
career. He has shown himself equal to the occasion in two of the
most famous cases in the West, those of Osborne and 'liande, which
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 239
.ndeed have attained almost a national notoriety. Although a young
man, perhaps we had better say because he is a young man, he ex-
ercises a scrupulous care at every point of the case he has in hand.
In the management of noted cases he has had not only the compli-
ments of the Supreme Court but the indorsement of the people.
McKenzie closed the case on the 15th day with a master effort,
dwelling at great length upon the question of insanity which the de-
fense had set up. The defense was ably conducted throughout, taking
advantage of every circumstance and turn; for with the strong public
feeling against their client they alone saved him from hanging. The
jury returned with the verdict of "guilty," fixing the penalty at im-
prisonment for life.
Fearing the prisoner might be molested, which interference had
been threatened, the sheriff wisely hurried the convicted criminal to
the depot and thence to Joliet, Sheriff Berggren and Chief of Police
Frank E. Fowler having him in charge.
The verdict was received at an early hour in the morning; and before
the people were really aware that the jury had agreed he was hurried
off to Joliet to escape the infuriated populace. The verdict was heard
with astonishment and condemnation by many, as contrary to the law
and evidence in the case, while by others it was all that was expected,
and agreed with their prediction. All however agreed that he should
have been hung on general principles; but for the one act for which he
was tried many thought that a life sentence was all that was justifiable.
Landed safely in the Illinois penitentiary, where he is employed in
making saddles, it is hoped that during the remainder of his earth life
society need have no apprehension of danger from him, and that his
blood-stained hands will be forever restrained from again taking hu-
man life.
Belle Spaulding.
Belle Spaulding killed Martin O'Connor, formerly her husband, on'
the morning of July 12, 1878. He had been riding out with May
Robinson, and arrived at O'Connor's livery stable, on Cherry street,
at the same time Belle arrived, who had been riding out with Carrie
Reed. This was about 3 o'clock. Belle reproached Maj for keeping
company with "Mart," and, the conversation growing furious, O'Con-
nor withdrew; but, returning to the stable, Belle commenced on him,
and the quarrel continued as they walked along Simmons street and
south a little way on Prairie street, when she shot at him twice, one
ball entering his breast and coming out over his abdomen. He walked
back to the stable, but died in about forty minutes. Immediately
240
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
after shooting him she shot herself, the ball entering her left breast.
For several days it was doubtful whether she would survive, but in a
few weeks she recovered sufficiently to be removed to the jail, where
she is now awaiting indictment and trial. She is a daughter of the
late Dr. J. W. Spaulding, of Galesburg, who was in his day one of
the leading physicians of Knox county.
HORSE-STEALING.
Some time previous to 1850 there was so much horse-stealing going
on that the citizens of the county organized a " Society for the De-
tection of Horse-Thieves." It was instrumental in breaking up a gang
of thieves, which seemed to. put an end to the nefarious business in
this section of the country, and the society ceased to hold its meet-
ings; but in the year 1850 a dozen horses were stolen within the
limits of the county, which stirred up the citizens to organize again,
forming "The Society for the Detection of Horse-Thieves and Bur-
glars." At the preliminary meetings Harmon G. Reynolds presided
and John S. Winter acted as secretary. The society adopted a con-
stitution and by-laws, and for permanent officers elected Peter Burt-
nett, of Knox township, Captain, and a Lieutenant for each of the
other townships, John S.Winter Secretary, and Hugh S. Woods Treas-
urer. Five dollars was placed in the hands of each Lieutenant for ex-
pense money. This association did a good work, and rendered satis-
faction to all parties. More efficient statute laws have since superseded
the necessity of voluntary associations.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 241
CHAPTER XI.
OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION.
Fifty years have come and gone since white men began to exercise
dominion in this region of country, erst the home of the red men.
These years have been full of changes, and the visitor of to-day,
ignorant of the past of the county, could scarcely be made to realize
that within these years there has grown up a population of 50,000
people, who in all the accomplishments of life are as far advanced
as are the people in the counties of older States. Schools, churches,
colleges, palatial dwellings, beautiful grounds, large, well cultivated
and productive farms, as well as cities, towns and busy manufactories,
have grown up and occupy the hunting grounds and camping places
of the Indians, and in every direction there are evidences of wealth,
comfort and luxury. There is but little left of the old landmarks.
Advanced civilization and the progressive demands of revolving years
have obliterated all traces of Indian occupancy, until they are only
remembered in name. The beginning of these changes was made in
1828, when the Robertsons settled in Henderson.
Of the inhabitants in 1840, representing a population of a few
thousand, many removed from the county to find homes in other
States, while the spirits of others were called to join the immortal
throng gathered around the great white throne in the far-away realms
of eternal life and light. Others preferred to remain in the homes
they commenced in Knox county, and by the goodness and mercy of
God have grown in wealth, wisdom and usefulness, until in their de-
clining years they are respected and honored patriarchs in the com-
munity that owes much of its character and great advancement to the
influences they established in pioneer times.
It is not strange that among the pioneer settlers of any new coun-
try a deep-seated and sincere friendship should spring up, that should
grow and strengthen with their years. The incidents peculiar to life
in a new country the trials and hardships, privations and destitu-
tions are well calculated to test, not only the physical powers of
endurance, but the moral, kindly, generous attributes of manhood and
womanhood. Then are the times that try men's souls and bring to
the surface all that there may be in them of either good or bad. As
24:2 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
a rule there is an equality of conditions that recognizes no distinc-
tions. All occupy a common level, and as a natural consequence a
brotherly and sisterly feeling grows up that is as lasting as time; for
"a fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind." With such a commu-
nity there is a hospitality, a kindness, a benevolence and a charity un-
known and unpracticed among the older, richer and more densely pop-
ulated commonwealths. The very nature of the surroundings of these
pioneers teaches them to feel each other's woe and share each other's
joys. An injury or a wrong may be ignored, but a kindly, generous,
charitable act is never forgotten. The memory of old associations
and kindly deeds is always fresh. Raven locks may bleach and whiten ;
full, round cheeks become sunken and hollow; the fires of intelligence
vanish from the organs of vision; the brow become wrinkled with
care and age, and the erect form bowed with the accumulating years;
but the true friends of ; ' long ago " will be remembered as long as life
and reason endure.
The surroundings of pioneer life are well calculated to test the
"true inwardness" of the human heart As a rule the men and
women who first settle a new country who go in advance to spy out
the land and prepare it for the coming people are bold, fearless,
self-reliant and industrious. In these respects, no matter from what
remote sections or countries they may come, there is a similarity of
character. In birth, education, religion and language there may be
a vast difference, but imbued with a common purpose, the founding
and building of homes, these differences are soon lost by association,
and thus they become one people, united by a common interest; and
no matter what changes may come in after years, the associations thus
formed are never buried out of memory.
In pioneer life there are always incidents of peculiar interest, not only
to the pioneers themselves, but which if properly preserved would be of
interest to posterity; and it is a matter of regret that the formation of
the " Old Settlers' Association " has not been continuously and enthu-
siastically maintained in Knox county. Such an association, with
well kept records of the more important events, such as dates of
arrivals, births, marriages, deaths, removals, nativities, etc., as any-
one can easily and readily see, would be the direct means of preserv-
ing to the literature of the country the history of every community,
that to future generations would be invaluable as a record of refer-
ence, and a ready and sure method of settling important questions of
controversy. Such records would possess facts and figures that could
not be had from any other source. Aside from this historic impor-
tance, such associations would serve as a means of keeping alive and
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 245
further cementing old friendships, and renewing among its members
associations that were necessarily interrupted by the innovation of
increasing population, cultivating social intercourse, and creating a
charitable fund for such of their old members as were victims of mis-
fortune and adversity.
Pursuant to a previous call, about 400 old settlers assembled in the
court-house at Knoxville, April 3, 1867, for the purpose of organiz-
ing an " Old Settlers' Society." The meeting was called to order by
Major Thomas McKee, who nominated Daniel Robertson, the first
settler of the county, for president-; Robertson not being present,
Major McKee, who was elected vice-president, presided. Dennis
Clark and R. L. Hannaman were elected secretaries. John M.
Combs, Thomas McKee, Major M. D. Coy, Rev. W. M. Clark, Rev.
Edward Sellon and R. L. Hannaman made speeches, relating remi-
niscences of early life in Knox county. Major Coy in a rather humor-
ous vein described the life of the early settler, the hardships and
pleasures endured. Mills were then scarce, and often they had to go
from 60 to 100 miles to one, and remain a week before they could get
their work done. During the first winter and spring grain was very
scarce, and only to be obtained at Prophetstown, some 80 miles dis-
tant; and then, in order to keep it, it had to be buried in the sand. This
was the only corn in the county to be had for planting. He further
said he cut the first log for the first school-house and church ever
built in Knox county.
The Major then paid a high tribute to Jacob B. Gum, the first
preacher in the county. He thought the old settlers were the best
people he ever knew, saying that the first settlers of Galesburg were
the best people who ever settled any where in the West. " There was
life and sociability then, which now is not to be found; and those
days were the best, and ,now, as soon as the roads are good, I am
going farther West to find in southwestern Iowa the old sociability
once enjoyed by the first settlers of this county."
Rev. Edward Sellon related his early experience, and those of the
early settlers, detailing the vicissitudes attendant upon the pioneers
of a new country. He closed his remarks by an appropriate and feel-
ing tribute to the brave and worthy pioneer women, who had shared
the hardships and struggles in laying the foundation for a great and
rich county.
September 9, 1869, another meeting was held, but this time at
Galesburg. William McMurtry addressed the assemblage, giving an
account of the first settling of the county, when there were a few set-
tlers about Henderson Grove. Old Jacob Gum was their minister,
246 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Esquire Miles their lawyer, and himself the justice of the peace. He
had but one case in six years on his docket, and that was amicably
settled by the disputants.
Another meeting was held at Gilson camp-grounds, September 9,
1871. The old settlers assembled the following year at the fair-
grounds, at Knoxville, and in 1877 they again met at Knoxville-
The annual meeting for 1878 was held at that city September 20.
Although there has not been that interest manifested in the meet-
ings of the association their importance deserves, they afford consider-
able pleasure and satisfaction to those participating in the animal
reunions.
Thomas McKee is President of the Association and K. L. Hanna-
man Secretary.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 247
CHAPTER XII.
IMPORTANT LABORS OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS.
COUNTY COURT.
In 1847 a State election was held for members of the Constitutional
Convention, which convention prepared and submitted to the people
a new constitution, which was adopted by a large majority. By this
constitution, in place of the Commissioners' Court a County Court
was organized in each county. This court consisted of a County
Judge, and, if the Legislature saw proper to so order it, two Associate
Justices. This the Legislature favorably acted upon. The last
meeting of the County Commissioners' Court was held Oct. 12, 1849.
After the transaction of such business as properly came before them,
they adjourned until court in course, but never re-assembled.
On the 3d of December of the same year the first regular term of
the County Court was held. The duties of the court in a legislative
capacity were precisely the same as those of the County Commission-
ers' Court. In addition to the legislative power the members of this
court were permitted to exercise judicial authority, having all the
rights and privileges of justices of the peace, together with all probate
business. This court consisted of a County Judge and two Associate
Justices. The Judge and Associate Justices acted together for the
transaction of all county business, but none other. The Justices had
an equal vote with the Judge, and received the same salary while
holding court, which was $2 per day. Two of the three constituted a
quorum.
Geo. C. Lanphere was chosen the first County Judge, being elected
Nov. 6, 1849, the first November election held. The first Associate
Justices were James M. Hunter and Alfred Brown. During the
existence of this court the people were agitating the question of town-
ship organization. Many counties of the State, since the new con-
stitution, had adopted that mode of conducting county affairs. The
constitution gave counties the privilege of adopting either the County
Court or the Board of Supervisors. At the fall election in 1849 a
vote was taken "for,"' or "against township organization," which re-
sulted in 728 votes in favor of the new measure and 420 against.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
The election precincts at this time were 12 in number, and comprised
the following: Brush Creek. Pope Creek, Fraker's Grove, Spoon
River, Littler's Creek, French Creek, Cherry Grove, Yictoria, Haw
Creek, Galesburg and Knoxville. According to the result of the
election as this court viewed it, the proposition for township organiza-
tion had been carried by a handsome majority. Accordingly at their
first meeting they appointed Joel Lee, Martin B. Mason and John
Arnold commissioners to divide the county into townships. These
commissioners constituted each Congressional township a separate
town. They then appointed Monday, Jan. 14, 1850, as a day for the
citizens of the different townships to meet at the usual place of hold-
ing election, and determine by what name their respective townships
should be called. Accordingly upon that day the people assembled
and selected the following names:
Old Name,
Present Name.
Old Name.
Present Name.
Indian Point,
Indian Point.
Maquon,
Maquon.
Cherry Grove,
Cedar.
Ohio,
Haw Creek.
Galesburg,
Henderson,
Galesburg.
Henderson.
Persifer,
Prince Albert,
Persifer.
Copley.
North Prairie,
Rio.
Walnut Grove,
Walnut Grove.
Chestnut,
Chestnut.
Salem,
Salein.
Orange,
Orange.
Liberty,
Elba.
Knoxville,
Knox.
Chester,
Truro.
Sparta,
Sparta.
Worcester,
Victoria.
Ontario,
Ontario.
Fraker's Grove,
Lynn.
Previous to this the county was divided into 13 election precincts.
Beginning at the southwestern corner of the county they were as fol-
lows: Cherry Grove. Galesburg, Henderson, Pope Creek, Brush
Creek, Knoxville, Littler's Creek, Haw Creek, Salem (formerly French
Creek), Spoon River, Chester, Victoria and Fraker's Grove.
Considerable dissatisfaction began to be expressed in regard to the
township organization. It was discovered that according to the law
it did not receive a majority of all the legal votes of the county, the
votes cast at the last presidential election being taken as the number
of legal votes. According to that it fell 500 or 600 short of a major-
ity. At a meeting held at the school-house in Abingdon, Feb. 23, the
following resolution was adopted showing the feeling then existing in
parts of the county in reference to the new law: "Resolved, That it
is a sense of a majority of this meeting that the law passed at the last
session of the Legislature of the State of Illinois, in relation to town-
ship organization, is unconstitutional." It has not yet been proven
that the law was unconstitutional, as the voters of Cherry Grove
precinct announced by their resolution. This shows however that
they were dissatisfied with the new mode, and perhaps knew of no
other way to console themselves than to declare the law uncoiistitu-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 249
tion'al. In the issue of the Knoxmlle Journal of March, 1850, Julius
Manning, a wise counsellor at law and a man in whom the people
had great confidence, had a lengthy and able article upon the con-
stitutionality of the plan of township organization as adopted by the
Legislature. This elaborate opinion was given at the request of the
County Court of this county, and was regarded with great interest by
other counties who were discussing this same question. While Mr.
Manning thought the law was constitutional and would be so held by
the courts, yet he thought that it was not legally adopted by this
county, in that a majority of all the voters in the county had not cast
their ballots in favor of it. Subsequently the Supreme Court con-
firmed the able counsel given by Mr. Manning.
In the spring of 1850 an election was held in the various townships
to elect Supervisors. On the 6th of May the Board met. There
were present M. Brown, E. H. Jordan, J. Bunce, S. "W. Brown, D.
K. Moore, I. M. Wetmore, J. DeLong, S. E. Hale, J. Huff, J. H.
Sumner, G. W. Manly, John Stanley, A. Gross, J. Arnold, G. Cad-
well, Samuel Tucker and J. White. Some unimportant business
was transacted when the Board adjourned never to re-assemble.
The County Court soon ordered another election to vote for or
against township organization. This vote was taken at the fall elec-
tion Nov. 5, 1850; 673 votes were cast in favor of and 317 against.
While this was a decided majority of the number of votes cast, it was
not a majority of all the legal voters in the county.
The Knoxville Journal of Feb. 4, 1851, in speaking of the town-
ship organization, says: " Twice has this measure been voted upon
in this county, and yet it has not been adopted. The reason, in part,
no doubt, may be found in the fact that under the present form of
county government our county has prospered, has kept clear of debt
and has a surplus in the treasury; and there has been an evident dis-
position on the part of the majority to wait and see how township
organization works in those counties where it has been adopted."
The last meeting of the County Court was held on the 4th of
March, 1853. It then adjourned sine die.
TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION.
This system of county government is so entirely different in origin
and management from the old mode by count} 7 commissioners, which
had such a long and favorable run, that we deem a brief synopsis of
the differences quite pertinent in this connection.
Elijah M. Haines, in his " Laws of Illinois Relative to Township
Organization," says the county system "originated with Virginia,
15
250 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
whose early settlers soon became large landed proprietors, aristo-
cratic in feeling, living apart in almost baronial magnificence on
their own estates, and owning the laboring part of the population.
Thus the materials for a town were not at hand, the voters being
thinly distributed over a great area. The county organization, where
a few influential men managed the whole business of the community,
retaining their places almost at their pleasure, scarcely responsible at
all except in name, and permitted to conduct the county concerns as
their ideas or wishes might direct, was, moreover, consonant with their
recollections or traditions of the judicial and social dignities of the
landed aristocracy of England, in descent from which the Virginia
gentlemen felt so much pride. In 1834 eight counties were organ-
ized in Virginia, and the system extending throughout 'the State,
spread into all the Southern States and some of the Northern States,
unless we except the nearly similar division into ' districts ' in South
Carolina, and that into ' parishes ' in Louisiana from the French laws.
" Illinois, which with its vast additional territory became a county
of Virginia on its conquest by Gen. George Rogers Clark, retained
the county organization, which was formally extended over the State
by the constitution of 1818, and continued in exclusive use until the
constitution of 1848. Under this system, as in other States adopting
it, most local business was transacted by three commissioners in each
county, who constituted a county court, with quarterly sessions.
During the period ending with the Constitutional Convention of
1847, a large portion of the State had become filled up with a popu-
lation of New England birth or character, daily growing more and
more compact and dissatisfied with the comparatively arbitrary and
inefficient county system." It was maintained by the people that
the heavily populated districts would always control the election of
the commissioners to the disadvantage of the more thinly populated
sections, in short, that under the system, ' equal and exact justice '
to all parts of the county could not be secured. The township sys-
tem had its origin in Massachusetts, and dates back to 1635.
De Tocqueville, in his work entitled "American Institutions," in
speaking of our political system, very properly remarks that two
branches may be distinguished in the Anglo-American family which
have grown up without entirely commingling, the one in the South.
the other in the North. He discovers the causes which led to this
condition of things, which are apparent to the most casual observer.
" They arise," he says, " not from design, but from the force of cir-
cumstances at the beginning. The planting of the original colony
of Virginia at Jamestown had for its design the single and naked
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 251
object of pecuniary profit to the proprietors. Its mission involved no
principle for the benefit of mankind. It recognized the crown of
Great Britain, from whence it derived the charter of its existence, as
the source of political power. There was no recognition of the prin-
ciple of self-government.
"But the circumstances attending the first settlement of the Col-
onies of New England, so called, were of an entirely different char-
acter. The early colonists in this instance were non-conformists, or
dissenters from the Church of England. They came as exiles, fleeing
from the wrath of ecclesiastical tyranny, whose displeasure they had
incurred, cast out as public offenders, ' as profane, out of the
mountain of God.' Whilst the colonists of Virginia came with the
law, those of New England came against the law, or perhaps, more
properly speaking, without law. Thereupon arose on the part of the
latter a positive necessity for the establishment of law for their mu-
tual protection. The result was a written compact, this being the
first written constitution extant, based upon the general good. It
was the first time since the 'morning stars sang together' that
the people themselves met in council and framed a government based
upon equal rights."
The supervisor is the chief officer and representative of the town-
ship, and it is his duty to prosecute and defend all suits in which the
township is interested. The township clerk keeps the records of the
township, and the treasurer takes charge of the funds. The establish-
ment, vacation and repair of the public roads is committed to the
three commissioners of highways. The supervisor, the two justices
of the peace whose terms of office soonest expire, and the township
clerk constitute a township board for examining and auditing the
accounts of the town.
On the 5th of April, 1853, each township in the county elected a
supervisor under the township organization law which was then
adopted. The Board of Supervisors first convened June 6, 1853, in
the court-house at Knoxville. The following members were present:
Daniel Meek, W. Selden Gale, Keuben Heflin, J. P. West, Geo. W.
Manly, J. M. Foster, S. S. BufFnm, John O. Stemley, Augustus Lap-
ham, Wm. M. Clark, J. H. Nicholson, J. L. Jarnagan, E. P. Dunlap,
Peter Frans, Asa Haynes, E. Crane.
Since that time the business affairs of the county have been under
the guidance of a Board of Supervisors, and there has certainly been
no county in the State conducted on a more enterprising, yet judicious
plan than Knox county. The Board made a bright record during the
Rebellion, a record that will grow brighter and brighter as years
252 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
pass on. They have also been ever watchful of the poor. For many
years the county house was a miserable affair, no credit to the
county; but through the labors of this body of officials Knox county
now has accommodations for the unfortunate second to none in the
State.
It would be unprofitable as unnecessary to present in detail the
numerous orders, reports, resolutions, etc., etc., of the Board of Su-
pervisors. Their proceedings partake a good deal of the nature of a
legislature. Among eo many men there are always some cool business
heads, as well as a good many glib tongues. Some of them are prac-
tical, industrious workers, others are of the buncombe order, always
ready to make a speech or a voluminous report. This has always been
the case and will continue to be.
In the Congress of the United States, in State legislatures, a few
men do the work, a few others do the talking. This is neither ro-
mance nor exaggeration, but solid history, sustained by facts as old as
civilized government.
It is told of a certain member of the Board of Supervisors, that
when called " upon to act as chairman, a motion was made, when he
very solemnly rose to his feet and said, " Gentlemen, you hear the
motion : 'tis very important ; and I hope you will second it, every
one of you"
One of the most important questions ever brought before the Board,
and one that proved a source of much trouble and vexation, as well
as great expense to the county, was that of the removal of the county
geat. As early as 1856 the question of removing the seat of govern-
ment from Knoxville to Galesburg was agitated. The rapidity of the
growth of Galesbnrg, with its railroad facilities, was looked upon as
more favorable for the location of the seat of justice than Knoxville.
Previous to 1869 elections were held for the purpose of voting for or
against the removal, at each of which the proposition was defeated. On
the 6th of April of that year another vote was taken. The returns
showed the defeat of the removal by 247 majority. The question of
fraud was raised. The citizens of Galesburg claimed that the elec-
tion at Knoxville was held in an illegal manner, that illegal votes were
cast, etc. The case was carried to the courts by Geo. Davis ,who, on
behalf of himself and the people of the county, sued the Board of
Supervisors and county officials to impeach the election returns, and
to purge the poll-book of illegal votes. The case came up in the
Circuit Court of this county, when a venue was taken to the Cir-
cuit of McDonough county. Coming up in the September term,
1871, Judge Higbie decided, after throwing out what he considered
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 253
illegal votes, in favor of removal of the seat of justice to Galesburg.
The case was appealed to the Supreme Court of the State, and about
three and one- half years after holding the election Judge Walker ren-
dered a lengthy decision, confirming the decree of the Circuit Court.
January 30, 1873, the Board of Supervisors ordered all records to be
moved to Galesburg, where the Board convened for the first time,
February 27, 1873. They met in the county clerk's office, and without
transacting any important business they adjourned to the Union Ho-
tel, where the two following sessions were held. In consideration of
the removal of the seat of justice to Galesburg, that city officially and
citizens individually gave to the county the following lands and moneys:
A deed for the lots on Cherry street upon which stands the fire-
proof building ; a deed for the lot where stands the jail on Prairie
street (the latter was given by A. N.Bancroft); a deed from the city
of Galesburg for the east half of College Park, provided the court-
house should be constructed thereon, the city agreeing to furnish room
for the Circuit Court for a period of 10 years, and to pay all necessary
expenses incurred in removal of the county records and property. The
city also gave two certificates for $2,000 each in money and $20,000
for the purpose of building a jail.
January 15, 1874, the Board of Supervisors ordered all the county
property, consisting of the court-house and the jail, to be deeded to
the city of Knoxville for the consideration of one dollar.
No court-house has yet been constructed; but doubtless within a few
years the work of erecting one will be pushed forward; and as in all
other enterprises the Board has undertaken, we may expect a building
equal in all respects to any other in the State.
ALMS-HOUSE.
For several years the committee on the poor-house farm, in making
out their annual reports, spoke at length of the unhealthful condition
of the buildings. As a sample of several statements of this nature
submitted to the Board from 185(3 till the alms-house was built, we
give one appended to the report made in January, 1865. The com-
mittee was composed of K. W. Miles, John S. Winter and Cephas
Arms.
"Your committee do not feel willing to let this meeting pass with-
out calling the serious attention of this Board to the condition of these
poor unfortunate beings whom God has committed to our especial
care, a trust that your committee feel this honorable Board has not
discharged. There is but one very poor building for the poor-master's
family, and the paupers have six rooms below and two small chain-
254 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
bers above. A hall running through the building divides the lower
rooms. Two rooms and a small store- room on one side are occupied by
the family. On the other side the two larger rooms are used during the
day by the paupers, and the small room has been fitted up as a grated
cell for crazy Hannah, a grated partition separating her from the stove.
"At night the paupers, many of whom are idiotic or insane, are
locked up in the two small chambers; and this with the present class
of inmates has to be done, irrespective of number, and almost of the
condition of the paupers. From this brief statement it will be seen
how illy adapted the premises are to purposes of a poor-house, even
when all are in health; but when any one is sick it is impossible
to make them comfortable; and especially is this so, when, as in the
case of the man with the frozen feet, it becomes as a loathsome pest-
house, not only to the paupers, but to the poor-master and his family;
the stench from the gangrened f,oot filling every part of the build-
ing, and sickening the inmates.
"In view of these facts your committee most earnestly call upon
this Board to take some steps to make such improvements, that it
may no longer with truth be said ' that the poor-house is a disgrace
to Knox county.' '
Crazy Hannah, referred to in the above statement, was certainly a
pitiable subject of charity, and her sad condition touched the finer
feelings of the committee, as shown in a report made to the Board in
1863. This committee was composed of John S. Winter and Cephas
Arms. We give below the portion of this report referring to the
unfortunate being who is still an inmate of the alms-house, although
in a much improved condition.
"We cannot pass this matter and justify our consciences without
referring to a case known as ' Crazy Hannah,' who has been confined
in a small room over three years, unsafe to permit to go out and
breathe the fresh air of heaven, compelled to live within four close
walls until her destiny is fulfilled. During all the cold days and
nights of winter that poor demented girl cannot approach the fire.
Between her and it, at a safe distance from k her hands, has to be
placed strong iron bars, lest she should set fire to the building. With
all the modern improvements for heating buildings suitable for per-
sons in her condition, are we, as citizens of Knox county, doing our
duty to the unfortunate of our county?"
March 5, 185G, the Board of Supervisors purchased of M. G. Smith
the west half of the southwest quarter of section 21, Knox township^
for a county poor-farm. The deed, as recorded, states the consideration
to have been $3,000. Two additions were made in 1866 during the
w
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HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 257
agitation of building the alms-house, one June 15, of 36 acres from
Win. Y. Miller. The deed states the consideration to have been
$2,340, but by an order of the Board we find it to be but $17.50 per
acre, which would be $630. The other was 33 acres from John Eads,
June 17, for which, according to the deed, $3,000 was given. In 1866
the Board appointed Rut us "W. Miles, L. E. Conger, and Cephas Arms
a committee to build an alms-house. Considerable interest was
worked up in selecting a location. The citizens of Galesburg tried
to have it located near that city instead of the present site, which is
that of the former building. At a meeting in April, 1866, a com-
mittee consisting of the following members of the Board, were ap-
pointed to select a location: E. S. Hardin, Orrin Beadle, L. E-
Conger, and Cephas Arms. A majority of this committee selected
and bought the northwest quarter of section 24, in Galesburg town-
ship, for which they paid $8,000. While this action of the com-
mittee was approved by the Board, yet the land was not used for the
purpose for which it was purchased. It was afterward sold for $9,000.
Supervisor Gale, on behalf of the city of Galesburg, offered to give
$10,000 if they would erect the building on this site; but the Board
secured additional land adjoining the old farm and decided not to
remove or change the location. Thus the location was finally settled
upon, and immediately the contract of erecting the building was let
to Wm. Armstrong for the sum of $26,000. Only one wing and the
main building were erected at this time. The full amount expended
for the erection of this portion of the building, for furnishing heat-
ing apparatus and stocking the farm, amounted to $39,037.21.
The following is a description of the building, which rates only
second to the best county charity institution in the State: The plan
was drawn by W. W. Boyington, of Chicago. The building is of
Gothic style of architecture, and is constructed of limestone and red
brick. It is two stories above the basement in height. The ground
plan is 166 feet front by 80 in depth, relieved by projection ba} r win-
dows, and a general irregular outline. The grounds are large, thickly
set with shrubs and trees and well kept. The exterior view of the
structure presents an imposing appearance from whatever point
approached. From exterior observation it rather resembles a sea-side
hotel than a country alms-house. The accompanying engraving so
fully represents in detail the exterior of the building that any
minute description would be but repetition.
The interior of the edifice is in keeping fully with that of the
exterior. It is finished throughout in a neat and substantial style,
and furnished with all the modern conveniences, which are especially
258 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
adapted to the accommodation of the class of inmates that are retain-
ed there. The many improvements adapted in the construction of
the east wing were suggested by the matron, Mrs. Cleveland, whose
experience, coupled with her superior judgment, eminently qualified
her to dictate alterations and additions to the plans of the architect.
Each and every room is amply ventilated, and the provisions for
lighting are all that could be desired, there being a large double
window in even the smallest chamber.
There are 97 rooms in the building, besides large, well lighted cor-
ridors. Of these, 27 [are sleeping-rooms for inmates under medical
treatment, 23 are cells or, properly, screened rooms for the insane.
The remaining 47 rooms are devoted to various purposes, each class
or condition of inmates having a' department to which they are
assigned.
The western portion of the structure is used for men, and the east-
ern part for women. In the men's department on the main floor are
dining-hall, sitting-room and chapel (in the latter apartment re-
ligious services are held semi-monthly), and sleeping-rooms, with
bath-rooms attached. On the second floor in this division is the
department for the insane, being a tier of screened rooms, sick rooms,
school-room and nurse's rooms. The eastern division has similar
apartments, and in addition has a large sitting-room, quiet room for
old women, convalescent department, and working department, where
all clothing is manufactured. Every article of clothing, except boots
and hats, are manufactured within the building. In the basement
story is the department for the uncontrollable insane, the laundry,
ironing room, and the culinary department, which includes bread
room, grocery room, milk-house^ and large kitchen. The building,
besides these apartments, is well supplied with bath-rooms, closets,
and numerous miscellaneous rooms. The whole is heated by steam
radiators supplied from heating apparatus in the basement of the
west wing.
The following items of an historical and statistical nature will be
found of interest, and are compiled after careful research. Their cor-
rectness may be relied upon :
From October, 1872, to September, 1878, 439 paupers were admit-
ted as inmates of this charitable institution. These included 15
different nationalities. Of this number 229 were natives of the
United States, 104 of Sweden and Denmark, 55 of Ireland, 1 of France,
13 of England, 12 of Germany, 4 of Switzerland, 1 of the West Indies,
2 of Norway, 4 of Canada, 1 of Poland, 9 of Scotland, 3 of Wales, and
the nativity of 1 not known. Total, 439. Of this number 287 were
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 259
males .and 152 females. There are at present 109 inmates, of whom
66 are males and 43 females. Of the 109 inmates, 25 arc insane. The
largest number ever admitted any one year was in 1870, when 121
were received. The number of deaths occurring since 1863 are 69,
none having occurred since January 1, 1878. The number of births,
30. Number of married persons admitted, 153.
The following item connected with pauperism in this county should
be noted by the tax-payers. Though startling, it is based upon stub-
born facts, and should be a warning to those who indulge in a mod-
erate use of intoxicating liquors, and to the young man whose lips
have never been tainted by the wine cup. When we consider that
three-fourths of all the persons admitted in the Knox county alms-
house are brought there from the curse of intemperance, we learn
some of the direful effects and consequences of the use of intoxicating
liquors. .No contagious diseases have ever prevailed to any extent.
The oldest person ever admitted was George Felter, who became an
inmate January 16, 1877, at the age of 89. Mr. Felter, who is still
an inmate, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and is probably the only
one living in the county who fought the British foe at that time, or
indeed that ever did. The oldest person in the house at present is 91
years old.
In 1874, in consequence of the failure of a supply of water at the
alms-house, it was deemed expedient to bore in one of the wells,
which was done to the depth of 175 feet. At 119 feet a vein of good
coal, four feet in thickness, immediately below three feet of slate, was
passed through. Failing to find water at that depth, they abandoned
the boring and sunk a large well.
Ere a decade had passed, the alms-house had become too small to
afford the best accommodations to all the inmates. Accordingly, at
the July meeting of the Board, in 1876, the alms-house committee
recommended the building of the east wing. In the original plan
all arrangements were made for any necessary additions that
might be needed. Thus in less than ten years this addition is re-
quired, although the unfortunate could and did receive better care
with the capacity of the portion already constructed than in most of
the counties in the State. At a special meeting in August, 1876, 2 1st
day, the contract of building the east wing was awarded to Parry &
Stevens, their bid being $17,000. The construction of this addition
was rapidly pushed to completion, and to-day the structure stands a
harmonious whole, complete in detail, beautiful in design, and perfect
in ordonnance and symmetry of architecture. Thus perfected, as shown
in the accompanying engraving, Knox county unquestionably has one
260 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
of the most beautit'uf and superior alms-houses in the Northwest. The
Superintendent, Mrs. Cleveland, is endowed with native ability that
especially qualifies her to have the charge of such a motley class of
humanity as are gathered under the care of an institution of this
nature. In referring to the excellent manner in which Mrs. Cleveland
discharges every duty devolving upon her, Dr. McClelland, the county
physician, in his report of January, 1878, in speaking of the house,
says: " As usual, and in accordance with our duty, we passed through
the house, closely examining every division of it, and to our satisfac-
tion we realize that the care exercised over it was manifest in the
order in which we found it. Its condition throughout entitles the
matron having the care of the premises to the heart-felt gratitude of
all who have an interest in those who are kept there from necessity."
Again we quote the Doctor's language. In his report to the Board
of September 12, 1877, he says: "In passing through the house,
closely examining every department of it, we have realized what has
frequently been stated by the agent of our State public charities,
that for cleanliness, freedom from offensive odor, and a manifest
bestowal of vigilant care exercised over the premises, the Kuox county
alms-house stands unrivaled in our State as a model of praiseworthy
order, and worthy of imitation by other institutions of the same char-
acter in the State. Our worthy matron is not especially limited in
her capacity for keeping affairs therein in order, but she possesses ad-
ditionally the rare ability essential to the managing and keeping sub-
ject to her will all those unruly elements that are submitted to her
charge."
We can give no better detailed description of the manner of caring
for the unfortunate of this society than is found in Dr. McClelland's
report to the January meeting of the Board of Supervisors of 1872,
which we give bodily, as it also compares the mode of conducting this
institution with that generally adopted by public charities:
To the Honorable jBoard of /Supervisors, Knox County, Illinois:
The undersigned beg leave to submit the following report: Since the
last annual meeting 127 persons have received aid at the almshouse.
Of this number 85 are at present inmates, an increase of 10 over the
number present Jan. 1, 1871. During the year there were deaths, by
apoplexy 1, old age 1, exhaustion incident to insanity 1, typho-mala-
rial fever 1, albuminuria 1, consumption 3 ; total 8. There have been
during the same time 3 births. Of the inmates at present in the
house 84 are white and 1 colored. Those not protected by previous
small-pox or vaccination have been recently vaccinated. The good con-
dition of the house in respect to ventilation and cleanliness forbid the
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 261
occurrence of any endemic disease. If not considered intrusive, I
would desire to call the attention of the honorable Board to certain
faults found by the Board of State Commissioners of Public Chari-
ties in the management of paupers in the various counties of the
State, to show that so far as Knox county is concerned we can plead
"not guilty."
First, the fanning out of paupers to the lowest bidder.
Second, the payment, under any circumstances, of a weekly stipend
per capita for food and other necessaries of life.
The third fault found has reference to the medical care of the fam-
ily. Whatever medicines or medical appliance, the pauper family
need they receive, the county at no time restricting the physician in
this matter.
Fourth, has reference to a certain annoyance which in this county
is reduced to a minimum.
Fifth, pauper children are almost without exception uninstructed
and untrained. This county is an exception. Children of the proper
age are sent to the city schools, and the fault is with them if they are
not instructed.
Sixth, refers to the condition of the insane and idiotic. This class
receives an abundance of light and air, are kept clean and warm, have
an abundance to eat and good beds to sleep on.
Seventh, refers to epileptics. Same answer may be returned as to
fault sixth.
Eighth, clothing and bedding plenty and good.
Ninth, "houses slovenly in appearance and inmates unsupplied
with proper appliances for personal cleanliness." Knox county alms-
house speaks for itself. Our paupers would not be known by their
clothes.
Tenth, refers to classification of paupers. This cannot be done in
our alms-house till the building is completed. [This has since been
done and the inmates assigned to their various departments.]
Eleventh, "scarcely a county in the State in which any attempt is
made to impart either secular or religious instructions to the pauper."
The matron has assumed it as one of her duties to read to the family
on the Sabbath, and from time to time the pastors of the city churches
have exercises in the alms-house chapel. Publishers of the Galesburg
Register and of the Knox County Democrat have kindly sent copies
of their papers regularly to the alms-house the past year; and in be-
half of the pauper family I. would return them grateful thanks and
ask a continuance of the favor. There have also been Swedish papers
sent to the family, but how many and by whom I am unable to state.
For them, however, we return thanks.
262 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
The comforts provided by Knox county for the relief of paupers
doubtless contributes to increase their numbers. For this the honor-
able State Board suggests enforced industry.
The nature of the causes which have made a large number of our
family fit subjects for public care will be understood from an inspec-
tion of the annexed table, which gives nationality and sex:
Nationality. Male, female.
America 31 29
Sweden 24 21
Norway 1 1
England -i
Ireland 7 3
Scotland 1
Wales 1
Switzerland .... 1
Denmark 1
West Indies 1
Germany 1
Total 71 56
It may be a matter of interest to know that Knox county stands
first in the amount invested for the care of its poor, $56,200 being
value of buildings and farm. Peoria county stands next, having
$55,550. Cook stands third, with $39.565.
These statements are made in answer to inquiries that are frequently
made of persons that are in any way associated with the management
of the institution.
AVAR RECORD.
The Board of Supervisors, as more fully shown in the following
chapter, made a bright record during the Rebellion. Scarcely a
county in the State was more active or further took the lead in mat-
ters relative to her soldiery than Knox county. From the first enlist-
ment the Board was willing to aid, and indeed did appropriate money
to help soldiers and their families. Especially did they carefully
watch over families of soldiers and abundantly provide for them all
during the war and afterwards. They paid out over $400,000 for
bounties and providing for the families of those at the front.' In the
chapter entitled "The War At Home" some of their resolutions will
be found. But among their most important acts was the great "Bounty
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 263
Tax," which we will now refer to. In 1865, at the January meeting,
the Board of Supervisors offered large bounty for recruits. The Pres-
ident had made another call for 300,000 men. Knox county, as many
other counties, failed to fill her quota, and accordingly a draft was
ordered. In order to induce enlistments Supervisor Gray offered a
resolution giving $250 bounty. This was amended by a substitute
offering $300 bounty. A committee of three was appointed to nego-
tiate a loan to pay these bounties. This they however failed to do,
as many of the capitalists feared the order was illegal, and therefore
refused aid. Thus it was that funds could not be raised from that
source. Accordingly a special meeting of the Board was held Feb.
27 to devise some measure by which to raise the required fund. At
this meeting Supervisor Potter from a committee appointed at a
special meeting held Jan. 27 to draft a bill authorizing the county of
Knox to issue bonds for the purpose of procuring money to pay boun-
ties to volunteers, (and to procure the passage of the same by the
Legislature then in session) reported " that he had prepared such a
bill and had been to Springfield to procure its passage; that when the
bill was presented to the Legislature opposition was made to its pas-
sage by citizens of this county, and through their influence the bill
was defeated and the authority to issue bonds was withheld." Thus
another scheme was killed. However, money must be had; so at this
crisis a prominent official of the county proceeded to Springfield, drew
up a bill, which was afterward denominated the " Burchard bill," and
had it passed through both houses in two days, immediately return-
ing home, even before the Governor had approved it, to make prepar-
ations to carry out the provisions of the bill. The Governor had, how-
ever, before leaving the State capital, promised to approve it, which
was done in due time. This bill provided for the assessment and col-
lecting of a special tax for the payment of bounties. On his return
to this county a special meeting was convened. The Board was ap-
prised of the bill, and thus having the authority to levy a tax, did at
this meeting order a tax of two cents to be assessed upon each dollar's
worth of real and personal property in this county, this to be known
as the bounty tax; and it was famous for the promptitude with which it
was paid. Many taxpayers who had let their regular taxes go delin-
quent, paid the bounty tax on demand. The collector was ordered to
make his return by May 18, thus allowing but 60 days for the assess-
ment to be made, the books prepared, all taxes collected and returned.
This is almost an unparalleled case. Over $300,000 was thus raised
within 60 days. This order was unanimously adopted, and therefore,
without delay and without the payment of a large amount of interest,
the bounty fund was raised.
264 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Many efforts were made by even members of the Board to exempt
all soldiers and soldiers' widows from paying this tax ; but seemingly
no legal way could be found, and several years after an effort was made
to refund to them such tax as they had paid but was never done.
The following resolution, although on the subject of railroads, shows
better than anything we might say, how the people viewed the war as
it was, the results, and the financial condition of the county at the
time of its unanimous passage, which was January 8, 1866. It was
oifered by Supervisor Gale, from the committee to whom was referred
a certain resolution in regard to railroad freights :
Resolved, That the war for the preservation of our country and the
free institutions bequeathed to us by our fathers has left our country
burdened with a debt vast in proportions, and testing to the utmost
extent the endurance of the American people. The honor of the na-
tion requires that all this debt, and the obligations incurred in this
great struggle, shall be fully met and paid to the last dollar.
That the credit and commercial prosperity of the country are pro-
moted by such legislation as will insure at an early day the resump-
tion of specie payment by the Government, and the return to coin as
a measure of value in commercial transactions.
That the people of Knox county are ready and willing to accept
their responsibilities and bear their full proportion of the public bur-
dens.
That, asking no other relief and no other favor, they have a right in
common with their fellow-citizens, to expect from the National and
State legislatures such legislation as will properly adjust and appor-
tion these burdens, as will develop to the uttermost the industry of
the country, and protect the people from plundering monopolists and
office-holders.
That we approve of a tariff on foreign importations sufficiently high
to protect the infant manufacturing enterprises of the country, and
secure the development of our vast mineral resources.
That we believe it the duty of the Government to secure the open-
ing of every natural channel from the grain-growing districts to the
seaboard, which is worth the necessary outlay, and to secure within a
short period a railroad communication across the continent, and with
the rich mines of the interior.
That we believe the control of the great highways of the country
has been too long intrusted to the exclusive management of men who
have no responsibilities to the public, and who are expected to seek
only the promotion of private interests, without any regard to the
wants, necessities and interests of the public, except so far as attention
thereto may promote such private interests.
I
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 265
That while we do not propose to indicate what legislation is called
for in the case, we are satisfied there is something which requires cor-
rection, when a railroad from the city of Galesburg to the city of Chi-
cago can in one year, without running to its full capacity, earn a sum of
money equal to its entire cash cost, and when the road through this
county to Peoria can collect rates of freight which will afford a fine
compensation for wagons drawn by horses.
That there is something requiring correction, when we are entirely
deprived of the important markets of St. Louis and Cairo, except in
times of navigation, notwithstanding we have from this county rail-
road communication with both ; from the fact that the connecting rail-
roads are the property of different companies, and permit the passage
of no freight except with the loss and delay of repeated changes of
cars, and rates of freight double those charged for similar distances on
single lines of road.
That the construction of a new competing line of railway is not the
remedy for those evils, requiring as it does an impossible outlay of
capital, and utterly inefficacious in securing that connection of lines
and transfer of freight without suitable provision for which we can
never realize the full benefits of railroad transportation.
That in our opinion prompt and wise legislation to effect the open-
ing of new channels of trade, the improvement and proper control of
the old, protecting all the vested rights of corporations and the in-
alienable rights of the people, is essential to the prosperity of the coun-
try, and absolutely required to enable the people to support those
burdens which must be borne if the national honor is to be sustained.
The Board had done a noble part by the soldiers while in the field
or at home. But there were many who went to the South who never
returned, sacrificing their lives for their country. Many members of
the Board wished now to honor these, desired to perpetuate their
memory by erecting a monument to their honor. Accordingly at
the September meeting of the Board of Supervisors in 1867, Super-
visor Sumner offered the following preamble and resolution:
Whereas, many of our fellow citizens fell in the war of the Rebellion,
it is but just that a tribute to their worth and patriotism be erected
by the county, and their memories preserved by a grateful commu-
nity; therefore, resolved, by the Board of Supervisors, that a suitable
monument be erected upon the public square at the city of Knoxville,
upon the tablet of which the name of each citizen of the county who
so lost his life in the service of his country shall be engraved, and
such other memoranda as may be deemed proper by a committee
hereafter to be appointed to carry out this resolution. Supervisor
266 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
McKee moved to amend by inserting that when the monument was
built it should be at the county seat. The subject tabled on motion
of Supervisor Whiting. On the following day Supervisor "Vaughn
offered the following resolution in regard to the matter: "Resolved,
that in the opinion of this Board it is not now prudent for the county
to make an effort to erect the proposed monument, inasmuch as large
expenditures have lately been made by the county, and that we are
not now in a condition to do justice to this matter, and that the reso-
lution for the present be laid upon the table." This was favorably
acted upon, when Supervisor Miles'offered the following substitute,
which was adopted: "Resolved, that Messrs. Simmer, Vaughn and
Beadle be appointed a committee to report at the next meeting of the
Board the probable cost of erecting a suitable monument to the
soldiers of Knox county who fell in the service of their country dur-
ing the war of the great Rebellion." Nothing more was ever done
with this matter. The county-seat question so engrossed the minds
of the people that 'for a time the dead soldiers were forgotten. We
hope, however, that at no distant day the sons of Knox who gave
their lives for our country will be honored by having a monument
erected to their memory.
The question of building a new jail had been agitated for many
years, even as far back as 1856; and as the county-seat question had
been settled, it was thought advisable to build a new prison. There
had been paid out for repair?, guards and other necessary expenses
on the old jail, enough money to have built a substantial and secure
structure. These expenses would have been unnecessary and un-
called for if the county had had a good prison. Besides, many crim-
inals have gained their liberty through the worthlessness of the old
prison. On the 14th of January, 1874, there were presented to the
Board which had previously advertised for them, nineteen bids for
the construction of a prison according to a plan drawn by Wm.
Quagle, and adopted by the Board. These bids ranged from $31,500
to $39,950. Besides these, there were bids for different portions of
the work. On the following day the bid of Ira R. Stevens was ac-
cepted. This was .for $34,900. Stevens immediately gave bonds for
$10,000, for the faithful performance of his contract. Friday, the
16th, the Board bought of A. Burlingham the lot adjoining the one
given by the city of Galesburg to build a jail upon, for which they
paid $2,650.
Without any delay the work of construction was commenced and
soon completed, and since October 3, 1874, the .building has been oc-
cupied by Sheriff Berggren, he having moved in upon that date.
KNOX COUNTY JAIL, GALESBURG.
FIRST JAIL, KNOXVILLE.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 269
Shortly afterward the prisoners were conveyed from the old jail at
[noxville and placed within the stone walls of the new structure.
Since then there has been a large number of persons incarcerated
iere, none of whom have ever permanently escaped. On one occa-
sion three of them broke out but were soon recaptured. The work on
the construction of the building was done in an excellent manner, and
the prison is as safe as, and presents an appearance equal with any
similar structure in the State, with one or two exceptions. The
front part of the building, which is occupied by the Sheriff and his
family, presents a handsome appearance, and the whole reflects honor
to the county.
The entire building is in height two stories, with basement. The
architectural design is modern, very neat and well proportioned, pre-
senting, on the whole, a light, cheerful appearance. The basement is
constructed of limestone, with the exterior surface rough; the walls
of the main building are of red brick, the openings being trimmed
with stone trimmings. In the sheriff's residence are ten pleasant
rooms with closets, wardrobes and halls. There are three entrances,
two at the side leading into a corridor between the jail and the
residence. In the jail are thirty cells, each 4% by 7 feet and 7- in
height, the walls of which are of six-inch limestone flagging. The
cells are arranged in six tiers, five in length and three in height, one-
half opening toward the north and one-half toward the south, into
corridors eleven feet wide. The upper cells are reached by stairway
and balcony, which extends in front of each tier. Beneath each of the
lower tier of cells is seven feet of solid concrete. In the west end is
the prison dining hall. Separating the dining hall from the cor-
ridors are partitions of seven-eighth-inch iron grating, with an iron
slide door, which is worked from the hall of the dwelling. The doors
of the cells are all locked from the dining hall, so arranged that the
sheriff or attendants are not required to come into contact with the
prisoners. Above the cells are large iron tanks, from which the pris-
oners are supplied with water for bathing purposes. Extending from
the basement through the roof is a large ventilating flue, with which
each cell is connected, and affording ample ventilation. The outer
door, leading from the dwelling to the dining hall of the jail is solid
wrought iron; the inner one a grated V door. The heating furnace
and fuel rooms occupy the basement. In the rear portion of the sec-
ond story of the dwelling are the female and debtor apartments,'con-
sisting of three large, well lighted rooms. There is also in this part
the sleeping apartment of the turnkey, and a large-sized bath-room.
The iail proper has also bath-rooms for the accommodation of the
16
270 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
prisoners. A large vault is in tlie main part for the storage of stolen
property recovered. The entire building is covered with a tin roof.
A neat fence surrounds the clean, well kept grounds, which adds much
to its general appearance.
Since 1872 there have been incarcerated in the county jail 426 per-
sons, consisting of men and women both young and old, white and black,
and of almost every conceivable occupation and nationality. Since
March 4, 1873, 86 prisoners have been conveyed from the jail to the Pen-
itentiary and 13 to the Reform School. The largest number ever con-
fined at any one time was in the month of June, 1876, when 36 pris-
. oners were held. At present there are ten; half of the number being
boys incarcerated for larceny. But one prisoner ever paid the death
penalty of the law, he, Osborne, who was executed by Sheriff Berg-
gren in the jail-yard at Knoxville on the 14th of March, 1873.
A. W. Berggren has held the responsible office of Sheriff for six
years, which is longer than any other man save Peter Frans, who
continued in the office ten years. Berggren, however, is again the
Republican nominee for the office, which is equivalent to an election.
He is a man eminently qualified for the position, possessing indom-
itable will-power, with unwavering firmness and decision of character,
particularly suiting him for handling the worst class of humanity.
Coupled with these traits, which are especially essential, he is gifted
with a pleasant, genial disposition, safe judgment and fine business
ability.
At times considerable interest has been manifested among the
members of the Board in the selection of chairman. Perhaps the
oreatest excitement and persistency was manifested in the choosing of
a chairman in 1871. Supervisor Gale nominated A. C. Clay, and
Supervisor Lacy nominated H. J. Vaughn. The first ballot resulted
in 13 votes cast for each candidate. The second and third ballots
were the same, while the fourth stood 12 to 13. But there not being
a majority of all the members, balloting ceased for awhile, when
ao-ain four more ballots were taken, resulting in 13 for each candidate.
The Board having adjourned to the following day, it was again re-
sumed, the 9th ballot bringing no different result. The 10th ballot
was taken between Yaughn and John Junk, resulting 13 for each, the
llth and the 12th the same. At this juncture a committee was ap-
pointed to select the standing committees, showing that the members
feared they would be unable to elect a chairman. The Board ad-
-journed until afternoon. When they convened they again resumed the
balloting. On the 13th ballot J. "W. Hensley received 12 votes, Junk
13. and Vaughn 1.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 271
It was here decided that a majority of votes cast should elect. The
14th ballot resulted in Beadle 13, Vaughn 12, Charles 1. The 15th
resulted in Vaughn 12, Beadle 12, Junk 1; 16th, Charles 1, Vaughn
12, Morse 2, Beadle 11; 17th, Vaughn 12, Beadle 13, Charles 1; 18th,
Beadle 13, Peter Lacy 12, Vaughn 1; 19th and 20th were equally
divided between Lacy and Beadle.
Here the Board adjourned until Thursday. Convening, they resumed
balloting. The 21st ballot, Charles 13, Beadle 13; 22nd, Charles 13,
Beadle 10, Morse 1, Clay 1, Junk 1; 23rd, 24th, 25th and 26th was a
tie between Junk and Charles.
At this stage of the excitement Supervisor Nettleton moved that
Messrs. Gale and Charles be a committee to nominate a candidate.
This committee reported that they could not agree upon a candidate,
but that they had cast lots and would report in favor of Clay. They
went into the Treasurer's office and flipped a silver half dollar, Super-
visor Gale being the winner. The 27th and last ballot was then
taken, resulting as follows: Clay 15, Vaughn 11. Clay was therefore
declared elected. Thus the two gentlemen that were first the candi-
dates closed the heated contest. This protracted contest was based
upon the county-seat question, and therefore was merely a sectional
fight,
From the organization of the county till the present time the sub-
ject of roads and bridges has been one of vast importance to the citi-
zens of the county. Perhaps there is no county in Illinois that has
been more liberal in the construction of bridges than Knox. Large
amounts have been expended each and every year. For instance,
in 187-4 two bridges were built at a cost of $8,254. One was the
Court Creek bridge, $3.523, and the other the Peoria bridge, $4,731.
During the great national excitement over the demonetization of
silver by the 45th Congress, the Board of Supervisors evinced con-
siderable interest, as expressed in the following resolutions, which were
passed unanimously by that honorable body Thursday Jan. 10, 1878.
It also expressed quite generally the views of their constituents.
Whereas, From the most remote ages, and among all nations, gold
and silver, either exclusively or in common with other metals, have
by common consent and universal custom, as well as by enactments of
the law-making power, been established, recognized and used as the
representatives of value, and the medium of exchange of property, in
other words, as money; and
Whereas. The value of all property has been measured, and the
rights of the creditor and the liabilities of the debtor class in every
community have been fixed, limited, and defined, by the conjoint
money power of these two metals ; and
272 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Whereas, During the years 1873-4, in an obscure, indirect, oblique,
if not in a clandestine, surreptitious manner, silver was, in these
United States, deprived of its main money power, this in its immedi-
ate and remote consequences (if persisted in) causing a greater dis-
turbance in values, and a greater convulsion in every civil and social
relation, than any event that has transpired in the history of the
country, whereby the purchasing power of the money remaining, that
is, gold, is generally increased, but only in the great depression in the
selling power of property, whereby the value of all securities and
profits of all creditors are greatly increased, but only by a great in-
crease in the burdens and liabilities of all debtors; whereby the rich
are to be made richer and the poor poorer; and
Whereas, Acts of legislation are pending in the Congress of the
United States having in purpose the repeal of this unjust, unequal,
and injurious legislation and the restoration to silver of its original
full money power; now, therefore, be it
Resolved, By the Board of Supervisors, representing in this ex-
pression the almost unanimous voice of the people of Knox county, that
we denounce as unjust, unequal, partial, and injurious, the legislation
that was resorted to for the demonetization of silver, and demand its
repeal.
Resolved further, That the Senators and members of the House of
Representatives from this State have our hearty approval and sup-
port in their efforts to secure such repeal.
Resolved further, That we respectfully but earnestly present these
views to the President of the United States, with the hope that he
will unite with the other department of the government in restoring
silver as money, to the circulation of the country.
Resolved further, That these resolutions be spread upon the
records, and a copy thereof be furnished to the members of Congress
from this District, to the Senators from this State, and to the Presi-
dent of the United States.
The following are the present (1878) members of the Board of
Supervisors, with the name of the township each represents:
J. W. Butler, Indian Point; J. S. Latimer, Cedar; G. "W. Gale,
Galesburg; W. S. Gale, G. Y. Dieterich, Thomas McKee, JSTels Nel-
son, T. J. Hale, City of Galesburg; H. M. Sisson, Henderson; L. G.
Bair, Rio; Samuel McFarland, Chestnut; T. W. Sumner, Orange; D.
M. Eiker, Robert Higgins, Knox; "William Robson. Sparta; G. L.
Stephenson, Ontario; L. W. Benson, Maquon; D. W. Aldrich, Haw
Creek; R. W. Miles, Persifer; James W. Temple, Copley; Nelson
Multer, Walnut Grove; John Sloan, Salem; William G. West, Elba;
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
273
Samuel Tucker, Truro; Homer Gaines, Victoria; Edward Sellon,
Lynn.
Hon. W. Selden Gale is the oldest member of the Board, having
served continuously since its organization, with the exception of
three years.
274: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE WAR AT HOME.
THE TOCSIN OF WAR.
^
If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of
Knox county have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made
both at home and in the field during the dark and bloody days of the
War of the Rebellion. When the dark war-clouds began to spread over
our country, each and every one hoped, even against hope, that they
would soon pass away, and that peace and prosperity would continue
to reigu. But such was not to be the case ; the war came with all its
attendant horrors. That Knox cou'nty soldiers nobly did their duty
in saving our glorious Union the records of Donaldson, Stone River,
Shiloh, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Resaca and a hundred other
battle-fields will duly testify.
On the 12th of April, 1861, the rebels who for weeks had been erect-
ing their batteries upon the shore, after demanding of Major Ander-
son a surrender, opened fire upon Fort Sumter. For hours an inces-
sant cannonading was continued ; the fort was being injured severely ;
provisions were almost gone, an,d Major Anderson was compelled to
haul down the stars and stripes, that dear old flag which had seldom
been lowered to a foreign foe: by rebel hands it was now trailed in the
dust. How the blood of patriotic men of the North boiled when on
the following day the news was flashed along the telegraph wires that
Major Anderson had been forced to surrender! And nowhere was
greater indignation manifested than in Knox county.
Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln*
America's martyr President, who but a few short weeks before
had taken the oath of office as the nation's chief executive, issued a
proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last
word of that proclamation had scarcely been taken from the electric wires
before the call was filled, men and money were counted out by hun-
dreds and thousands: the people who loved their whole government
could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated
through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit,
the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house, every calling offered
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the government's
honor and unity. Bitter words spoken in moments of political heat
were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause?
the} 7 repeated the oath of America's soldier statesman : " By the Great
Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved."
Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion ;
nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed
call, until it began to look as if there would riot be men enough in all
the Free States to crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors
had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money there
was a willing and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that,
had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough,
daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacri-
fices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, motives and
actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons of
Knox made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record.
The readiness with which the first call was filled, together with the
embarrassments that surrounded President Lincoln in the absence of
sufficient laws to authorize him to meet the unexpected emergency,
together with an under estimate of the magnitude of the rebellion;
and a general belief that the war would not last more than three
months, checked rather than encouraged the patriotic ardor of the
people. But very few of the men, comparatively speaking, who vol-
unteered in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers
for three months, were accepted. But the time soon came when there
was a place and a rnusket for every man. Call followed call in quick
succession, until the number reached the grand total of 3,339,748, as
follows :
April 16, 1861, for three months 75,000
May 4, 1861, for five years 64,748
July, 1861, for three years 500,000
July 18, 1862, for three years 300,000
August 4, 1862, for nine months 300,000
June, 1863, for three years .....' 300,000
October 17, 1863, for three years 300,000
February 18, 1864, for three years 500,000
July 10, 1864, for three years 200,000
July 16, 1864, for one, two and three years 500,000
December 21, 1864, for three years 300,000
Of this vast numbe*- Knox county freely furnished 4,163, including
100 day men, who were tendered by the Governor of Illinois. April
276 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
21, 1864, and accepted by the President two days later, and a number
of colored troops in foreign regiments.
The tocsin of war was sounded, meetings were held in every town-
ship, at which stirring and spirited addresses were made, and reso-
lutions adopted admitting of but one interpretation, that of un-
conditional allegiance and undying devotion to their country and
their country's flag; that, at whatever cost of blood or treasure, the
stars and stripes, wherever floating, must be honored, and the su-
premacy of the law of the national union sustained.
When the boom of the great guns in Charleston harbor in the spring
of 1861 went rolling across the continent, their echo penetrated every
loyal heart in this country. They had scarcely ceased belching forth
their iron missiles and our national ensign disgraced ere the pat-
riotism of the sons of Knox county prompted them to rush to their
country's defense. Perhaps the first three men in the State that of-
fered their services and themselves to their country, were from Knox
county. These honored sons were G. W. Brambridge, William Mc-
Bride and Jos Gibbs. all of whom afterward enlisted in the First Illi-
nois Cavalry.
The appalling news of the fall of Sumter had just been flashed
throughout the land when G. W. Brainbridge proceeded, although at
the dead hour of night, to the residence of Jonathan Gibbs, of Lynn
township, and calling the old gentleman up soon acquainted him with
the sad and terrible news. Brainbridge then said, " Our country is in
danger and we must go to her aid." McBride and young Gibbs now
appeared when, seemingly to more forcibly show their loyalty and de-
votion to their country, those courageous men took a solemn oath, ad-
ministered by Squire Gibbs, " that they would remain true and loyal
to the Union," thus solemnizing anew in the stillness of the mid-hour
of night the declarations of love for our noble country. To make the
scene still more impressive, in tremulous tones, yet with a voice of
powerful earnestness, the old gentleman exhorted them to be faithful
and true, and that he, in his old age and weakness, would look to them,
young, brave and strong as they were, for protection. Could the most
florid and fertile imagination depict a scene more beautiful and inspir-
ing, yet so sad and solemn ? Here stood an aged patriot surrounded
by three noble young men with true and loyal hearts, ready and will'
ing to offer their lives as a sacrifice for the preservation of the Union.
Contrast this picture with the assemblage of traitors in the Southern
cities, plotting to overthrow the best government ever instituted by
man.
Early on the following morning the trio of brave boys were in their
saddles and on their way to Knoxville to enlist their services.
HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY. 277
As there had been no call made for troops, of course no enlistments
could be received. However, they placed their names on a list, thus
setting forth their readiness to go at a moment's warning. G. W.
Brainbridge headed the list, which was in the hands of J. B. Smith.
Within a short time a company of 100 cavalry was formed, which
camped on the Fair Grounds at Knoxville several weeks before orders
came to go South. Provisions were brought in abundance and given
to the boys while they remained there. They were not at all idle,
but were ever enthusiastic for the drill. Holenberg, a Swede, and
afterward a lieutenant in the company, drilled them daily in cavalry
tactics. Finally, when the orders came, the boys quit their home
camp, bade to loved ones an affectionate fare well,. and were borne away
upon the railway trains to pitch their tents in the enemy's country.
At Quincy, when it was mustered in, this company was christened
Company D, of the First Illinois Cavalry.
For four long years the organization of new companies and enlist-'
ment of men for old companies whose ranks had been decimated by
disease and rebel bullets, was carried on. Gray-headed men, who had
almost reached three score years and ten, and uoys not yet out of their
teens, went to the camp, and, through the most urgent solicitation,
were accepted and sworn into the service. Neither age nor youth
kept them back; and when rejected from either cause, or from physi-
cal inability, would insist on being received, believing themselves as
capable of doing a soldier's duty as thousands who had gone before.
Four thousand of as brave men as ever handled a musket or drew a
sword went out from this county, many, very many, never to return.
If you go with us to the battle-fields of the South we shall see how
there fell at Stone River, Shiloh, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain,
Chattanooga, Chickamauga, Atlanta, Yicksburg and other places,
those who were the pride of fond fathers, loving mothers, and unself-
ish, devoted wives. We shall see them dropping off one by one, and
often without coffin or burial shroud, thrown into the cold ground,
there to await the resurrection morn, and the reunion upon the other
side of the river of death. In many a home throughout the county
we find the vacant chair, and witness the mournful look of those ever
watching for one that cometh not. Upon the streets, day by day, we
meet those wearing sleeveless garments, or walking in a way that tells
too plainly that the sound of the foot-fall is not made by flesh and
blood. Inquire the reason, and we shall probably learn that while
charging the enemy's lines at Yicksburg, Shiloh, or elsewhere, a can-
non ball deprived them of a limb. But no word of complaint do we
hear; the only regret expressed being that it was not possible to do
more for their country.
278 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
The following graphic sketch appeared in an issue of the Galesburg
Free Democrat, in 1863, and is but a true picture of many homes in
this county during the dark days of this great struggle. It further
shows that not only did the brave boys upon the field suffer inde-
scribably, but the wife and little ones at home endured suffering be-
yond the power of pen or tongue to describe:
Within a plain but tidy room a mother is preparing her evening
meal. Upon a chair, and leaning her little arm on the window-sill, a
little child is kneeling, looking far into the dusky shadows that en-
circle the brow of night. Her dark eyes have a longing, wistful look,
and on her brow lies one of life's shadows. At last she speaks:
"Oh! mamma, papa has been gone so long; why don't he come?"
The mother sighs, and her heart repeats, " so long." But the little
one must have an answer, and mamma tries to comfort her " Papa
has gone to war, dear; gone to fight for his country, and when the
war is over he will come back to see mamma and little Bessie."
"But it seems so long, mamma; when will the war be over?"
"Mamma cannot tell, dear; but we will hope for the best."
Their frugal meal is now ready, and mother and child sit down with
heavy hearts, their eyes wandering to the place where papa used to
sit; but there is no manly form, only a vacant chair.
In the mother's heart sad questions will arise: " Will he return
to us? or will some swift- winged bullet, sped by a traitor's hand, de-
stroy the life so dear to us?"
Oh, why could not all men have been true to a government so
mild, to their country, so vast and grand? Why should they cause
sorrow and death to o'erspread our land, and the voice of wailing to
go forth from every fireside? In silence the meal is ended, and the
little one, whose eyes have grown heavy, is taken upon the mother's
lap, and prepared for rest. Her little prayer is said, and a good-night
kiss for papa, she falls asleep, and the shadow is chased from her
brow. But the shadows hover darkly round the mother's heart, as
she thinks of distant battle-fields; of wounded and dying men whose
lives, and those they love more than life, have been given up that their
country might be saved. And on this September evening a terrible
battle has closed. For three days they have fought, and now the
evening shadows unite with clouds of smoke, and our army is victori-
ous; but the ground is strewn with the dead and dying. Hark! here
is one who speaks: "Water, water; won't little Bessie bring me
water?" But Bessie's soft hands cannot reach him; kind, but rougher
and stranger hands give him the cooling drops, and with a weary sigh
for his home, wife, and little one, his b'reath is gone, and the brave
heart beats no more.
COUNTYJUDGE
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 281
Rumors of a terrible fight reached that quiet home ; then came dis-
patches, making rumors facts. How long and dark are the hours of
suspense to the anxious wife and little one. Eagerly the papers are
watched for every word concerning the division in which was the
loved one, and now at last comes a list of the killed and wounded in
his regiment ; with fast-beating heart the poor wife takes the list of
wounded first, that she may still have some hope. His name is not
there. With hushed breath and heart beating faster, she scans the
list of the killed, until she comes to his name, the paper falls from
her nerveless hand and she sinks heavily to the floor. Bessie bends
over her, and the touch of her soft hands and the sound of her sweet
voice bring the widow back to life that is now so dark. But for
Bessie's sake she will still be brave, and struggle on alone, no, not
alone. Bessie is still with her, and their heavenly Father will lead
them through the darkness.
This is only one of the many pictures that are drawn upon the
pages of unwritten history. Have traitors nothing to answer for?
0. M.
LIBERALITY OF THOSE AT HOME.
"While the boys in blue were away upon the tented field, the
patriotic men at home were not idle. Nowhere in all the North was
the mission of those who went to the front better understood and
more highly appreciated than in Knox county. Those who remained
at home said, " The boys are between our homes and danger, and we
will not forget their loved ones, but will provide for them." This
they nobly did, from the day the train carried the first company to-
ward the South until peace reigned once more. The county and in-
dividuals, with magnaminity never surpassed by private citizens or
public officials, provided for every one whose husband, father, son, or
brother, or whom they were dependent upon, was in the field. Good,
noble patriots visited each day among the families of soldiers ; and
now, as they look back over those dark and trying times of the great
and final struggle between freedom and slavery, patriotism and trea-
son, it is with sweetest recollection of having done their duty. One
noble patriot who is to-day beloved and honored for his principles,
justice and benevolence, visited among soldiers' families every day
and personally saw that they were provided for as well as his own
household. Not only this one but many did the same. It would be
interesting to record the voluntary contributions made by the people
during the years of the Rebellion, but that would be impossible, as no
accounts were ever kept. People never stopped to reckon the cost, or
282 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
to keep account of what they gave. Whenever money was needed
for any purpose, and purposes and needs were plenty, it was given
and paid on demand. There were no delays, no excuses, no time for
consideration demanded. People were ready and willing. Hus-
bands and fathers abandoned homes and their comforts, wives and
little ones, for the dangers of tented fields of battle, assured that, in
their absence, plenty would be provided for their loved ones.
At the first meeting of the Board of Supervisors, after enlistment
of volunteers had commenced, the first bill introduced before that
honorable body was for the support of volunteers at Galesburg while
awaiting orders to march. This bill was introduced by Supervisor
W. Selden Gale, thus evincing at the first opportunity offered that
they would liberally provide for those who would answer their coun-
try's call.
Upon the same day, May 13, 1861, Supervisor Samuel McCornack,
who was a zealous and earnest official, offered the following resolu-
tion: Resolved, "That a committee of three be appointed by the
chairman to inquire and report whether it would be expedient for this
Board to appropriate a sum of money for the support of families of
citizens of the county who have entered or may enter the military
service of the country, committee report to-morrow."
This resolution was immediately adopted, when the chairman ap-
pointed Messrs. McCornack, LeBaron, and Gale. This committee
returned the following report, which was accepted and the resolution
adopted: "The committee are of the opinion that the county should
make provisions to secure from want the families of volunteers dur-
ing their absence on service." The committee recommended the pas-
sage of the following resolution:
"Resolved, That the supervisor and assistant supervisor of each
town be authorized to render such assistance as in his judgment may
be needful to the families of volunteers in actual service, and that for
such advances and such contracts as may be so made, the county will
be responsible."
That the Board of Supervisors were loyal and patriotic their labor
during the years of the Rebellion readily shows. They loved and ven-
erated their national emblem, the stars and stripes ; and not only
would they sacrifice all in defending it from further insult, but
desired to confer upon it greater honor. Accordingly the following
resolution, offered by Supervisor Maxey, May 13, 1861, was unani-
mously and heartily adopted :
"Resolved, By the Board of Supervisors of Knox county, that the
Sheriff be required to erect on the top of the court-house a suitable
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 283
standard with the flag of the American Union thereon, and that the
same shall be displayed during the sessions of the Board of Super-
visors and Circuit Court of Knox county, until otherwise ordered, as
evidence of devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the enforce-
ment of the laws."
The committee to whom was referred the bills for relief of the fami-
lies of volunteers, at the January meeting, 1862, of the Board of Su-
pervisors, made the following report: " That we have examined said
bills, and find them to amount, as corrected by your committee, in the
aggregate for each town, as follows: Galesburg, $781.43; Knox,
$237.37; Cedar, $198.81; Haw Creek, $69.74; Chestnut, $59.9t>; On-
tario, $173.29; Maquon, $92.94; Victoria, $23.81; Elba, Orange and
Rio, no claims; Sparta, $263.24; Henderson, $152.74; Walnut Grove,
$73.78; Lynn, $20.95; Indian Point, $271.23; Copley, $65.58; Truro,
$25.83; Salem, $66.54; Persifer, $8. Total, $2,583.52. The com-
mittee, which was composed of Geo. A. Charles, M. B. Mason and J.
P. Parsons, attached the following recommendation to their report:
""We recommend such bills be allowed, as corrected, and in future no
relief be given to persons who are not actual residents of the county.
We also recommend, as we see charged in most of the bills, if not
all, for articles which appear small in their amount, but make a large
proportion of the aggregate sum, such as nutmegs, allspice, ginger,
tea, coffee, etc., that Supervisors, in giving orders, should specify the
articles proposed to be drawn on such orders. And we further rec-
ommend, as we know many of the taxpayers in consequence of high
taxes and hard times have discarded altogether the use of coffee and
tea, that Supervisors also discard the use of these articles in giving
relief contemplated in the former resolutions passed by this Board."
Large bills of the same nature were audited and ordered paid at
each meeting of the Board for several years. Sometimes the aggre-
gate would amount to over $12,000. Although the committee recom-
mended a less liberal use of many necessary luxuries, yet at each
session of the Board bills were presented fully as large, showing that
those for whom they were made were not stinted. At a special meet-
ing of the Board of Supervisors held July 31, 1861, petitions were
read from the people assembled in mass meeting and from the city
councils of Knoxville and Galesburg, asking an appropriation of $25,-
000 for bounty purposes. The resolution passed by the mass meeting
is as follows: " Resolved, By the people of Knox county, in mass
meeting assembled, that, to encourage enlistments into the volunteer
service, the Board of Supervisors of Knox county, now in session at
the court-house, are hereby petitioned and recommended to appropri-
284 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ate the sum of $25,000, to be expended as bounty money to enlisted
men from Knox county under the recent call of the President."
The following resolutions were passed by the City Council of Gales-
burg July 19, 1861: " Whereas, At a meeting of the citizens of Gales-
burg, convened at Dunn's Hall on the 17th, to take into consideration
the call of the Government for more troops to take the field immedi-
ately, at which meeting the following resolution was unanimously
adopted: Resolved, That in the judgment of this meeting the City
Council should appropriate a liberal bounty to each resident of the
city who will volunteer for three years, or during the war, and the
Council is requested to take the matter under consideration as soon as
practicable ; and, whereas, the condition of the country calls for
immediate action to make it more effective; therefore,
"Resolved, By the Board of Aldermen of the city of Galesburg, that
they recommend to the Board of Supervisors to meet and appropriate
the sum of $25,000 for war purposes, and out of that sum they offer
as a bounty to each able-bodied man volunteering for three years, or
for the war, the sum of $50, to be paid to them when mustered into
the service."
At a special meeting of the Common Council of Knoxville, Tues-
day evening, July 29, on motion of Alderman A. W. Martin, the fol-
lowing paper upon the same subject was unanimously adopted:
" In view of the recent call of the President for troops, and evident
necessity of getting a large number of men into the field at an early day,
and considering that the existence of the United States Government is
in peril, and that in the absence of a stable government there can be
neither personal security nor security in the possession and enjoy-
ment of property; and believing that the people are fully alive to the
necessity pressing on their Government, and that they are willing to
contribute any amount of money necessary to subdue the existing
rebellion;
" The Mayor and Common Council of the City of Knoxville do re-
spectfully request the Board of Supervisors of Kuox county to appro-
priate a sum of money not less than $25,000, to be expended in
bounties to volunteers and in the support of their families, in such
manner as the Board may deem fit."
The Board was convened for the purpose of receiving and passing
upon these resolutions. Meetings had been held in every town, patriotic
speeches made, resolutions of duty and devotion to their country read
and passed with shouts. But the above resolutions and petition were
passed by a large mass meeting, and by the City Councils of the two
largest cities in the county, and so unanimous were the great mass that
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 285
the Board could not help but regard them; indeed, they wished to.
Supervisor Gale, from the committee appointed to report a plan of
action for the Board in accordance with the preceding petitions, re-
ported by offering the following resolutions: "Resolved, That the
Board of Supervisors will pay to each of the first 500 soldiers enlist-
ing for the war, recruited in Knox county for Knox county compa-
nies or to fill up all regiments, or who may have enlisted in any com-
pany organizing or forming in this county under the President's call
for 300,000 men, during the month of August next, a bounty of $50,
and an additional bounty to as many of them as shall have enlisted
before the loth of said month of $20;
" That a committee of three be appointed by the Board, whose duty
it shall be to audit all claims for such bounty, and on presentation of
suitable proof that such claimant has fulfilled the condition, and been
duly enlisted and received, to issue suitable certificates, which shall
entitle the bona-fide holder or owner thereof to demand and receive at
any future meeting of this Board within one year from its date a
county order; and it shall be the duty of such committee to file with
the Clerk of this county a statement of all certificates issued." This
resolution was voted upon and defeated by one vote.
Supervisor Le Baron then offered the following as a substitute for
the report of the committee, which after much parleying was ac-
cepted : Whereas, The citizens of Knox county, in mass meeting
assembled, have passed a resolution requesting the Board of Super-
visors to appropriate the sum of $25,000 to be expended in additional
bounties to volunteers, and thus secure at the earliest day possible the
full quota of Knox county of the 300,000 men called for by the Pres-
ident to aid in suppressing the rebellion, and restoring peace and the
re-ucion of the States; and whereas, similar petitions have been re-
ceived from the cities of Galesburg and Knoxville, from their respective
City Councils, and such recommendations meeting with our hearty
approval; therefore,
Resolved, 1st, That for the purpose of aiding in the enlistment of
volunteers for the United States service to be raised in the county of
Knox, there be appropriated a sum not exceeding $25,000.
2nd, That out of the sum so appropriated there shall be paid to
each volunteer of the first 500 who shall enlist in such service on or
before August 15, 1862, the sum of $50. The said sum shall be paid
to said volunteers when and as soon as they are legally mustered in
to the service of the United States. The right of the party entitled
to the above named bounty shall be decided by the committee having
charge of the appropriation, upon presentation to them of his certifi-
286 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
cate of enlistment, and such other vouchers as may be required, pro-
vided that volunteers in any company now forming, or partly or-
ganized, shall be entitled to the same bounty arid that the bounty
hereby authorized shall only be paid to such volunteers as have not
received an equal or greater amount from any other source than
the United States as a bounty. And whenever any volunteer shall
have received any bounty from any other source than the U. S., the
amount so received, if less than hereby authorized, shall be con-
sidered as part of their bounty.
3rd, That a War Fund Committee of the Board of Supervisors be
appointed to disburse said appropriations, under such rules and regu-
lations as shall be prescribed by the Board. That the committee be
authorized and required to make the necessary arrangements with
volunteers enlisted under this act, for the purpose of securing such
portion of their pay as they are willing to appropriate towards the
support of their families.
4th, That all orders on the Treasurer, under the authority of these
resolutions, shall be receivable for the payment of the tax levied for
this appropriation.
5th, That the committee hereby appointed be required to make the
necessary arrangements for the redemption at par of such county
orders as may be issued under these resolutions, and be authorized in
the name of the county to borrow the necessary sum of money at a
rate of interest not exceeding ten per cent.
6th, That said committee be authorized to pay such bounty to such
person or persons only as have been or shall be enlisted at a recruit-
ing office in this county, in answer to the call of the President for
300,000 troops, unless the committee having this fund shall be able
to make arrangements with the Governor of this State to have duly
credited to this county on such call such men as shall enlist to fill
up companies previously organized in this county.
7th, That this Board at its September meeting will levy such a tax
imder an act of the Legislature entitled "An act to encourage the for-
mation and equipment of volunteer companies," sufficient to meet
all expenditures under the foregoing resolutions.
The plan promulgated by Supervisor LeBaron proved practical,
and accordingly during the remaining years of the rebellion all busi-
ness pertaining to the military of the county were conducted in accor-
dance with them. A War Fund Committee was immediately selected,
and two days thereafter this committee advertised in the county papers
for volunteers, offering $50 bounty, and also for a loan of $25,000 as a
bounty fund. This committee was composed of the chairman, Hon.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 287
J. M. Holyoke, W. R. Le Baron and Cephas' Anns. The County
Clerk prepared some elaborate parchment bonds, or certificates, which
were bought by the following gentlemen without delay: C. PL
Mathews, $2,000; J. F.Dunn & Co., $5,000; Phillips & Bro., $5,000;
Timothy Moshier, $3,000; Geo. A. Charles, $2,000; John W. Cams,
$2,000; Daniel Fnqna, $600; P. H. Sanford, $500; Miles & Bro., $1,-
000; C. Eunkle, $2,500; Miles Smith, $800; Geo. Woodmansee,$500;
total, $24,900.
This committee borrowed in September of the same year, $33,710.
To January 12, 1863, they had paid 1,123 bounties and 36 more due.
At a meeting of the Board May 12, 1862, the committee to whom
was referred the bills for the relief of the wives and families of volun-
teers, reported that they had examined the bills presented by the
several supervisors, and ''have recommended the passage of orders for
the foregoing amounts; and we further recommend that in future the
appropriations for the said purpose be suspended." On the following
day Supervisor Jackson offered the following resolution in harmony
with the recommendation of the committee: "Resolved, That no
assistance be hereafter rendered by the Board of Supervisors to the
wives and families of volunteers, after the said volunteers have been
in the service of this State, or of the United States, for the period of
three months; but in lien of such assistance the Board recommend
that each township take such action and make such provision for the
assistance of said families, residing in such townships respectively, as
to them shall seem meet." This being an important question the
yeas and nays were demanded on voting for its adoption. The vote
resulted as follows : Yeas Messrs. Jackson, Godfrey, Hamrick,
Lotts, Robertson and Woods; nays Messrs. Meek, McKinnie
Finch, Newell, Arms, LeBaron, Miles, McCornack, Buffum, Wilson,
Copley arid Gibbs. The resolution was thus defeated by a vote of six
to twelve.
At a meeting of the Board of Supervisors May 9th, 1864, Super-
visor Holyoke moved that a committee of three be appointed to audit
the claims for the support of the wives and families of volunteers;
which was adopted. The chair appointed Messrs. Holyoke, Stewart
and Knable sakl committee. Supervisor Potter offered the follow-
ing resolution :
"Resolved, That all discharged soldiers, from any cause, be assisted
in the same manner and under the same regulation as aid is ren-
dered to the families of volunteers, for the next nine months," to
which motion Supervisor Stewart offered the following amendment: .
"Resolved, That we understand the resolution passed at the May
17
288 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
meeting, 1861, embraced the cases of deceased and discharged soldiers,
if their families are actually in need of assistance." After some dis-
cussion Mr. Potter withdrew his motion.
The Governor made a call for soldiers for one hundred days, and with
the same liberality always manifested by the honorable Board they
voted the boys a bounty ol $25. Not only did the Board want the
boys from Knox county to have bounty, but it was their earnest wish
that every one enlisting from the State should receive a liberal bounty.
Accordingly the following resolution was offered by Supervisor Arms
January 9, 1865, and adopted :
"Resolved, That our Senator and Representative in the General As-
sembly of this State be requested to use every effort to procure the
passage of a law, at this session of the State Legislature, giving to
every volunteer who may be credited to the quota of this State, under
this or 'any succeeding draft, the sum of $300, as a State bounty."
Call after call had been made for troops, and every time promptly
filled, and still treason was not crushed. The President issued another.
Knox county had always filled her quota quickly, but now it was ap-
parent without some extra inducement a draft must be made. Ac-
cordingly at a meeting of the Board of Supervisors Jan. 10, 1865,
Supervisor Gray offered a resolution that the county pay a bounty of
$200 to each volunteer. For this resolution Supervisor LeBaron
offered the following substitute, which was adopted: Whereas, The
President has issued a call for 300,000 men, and a draft has been
ordered to take place on the 15th day of February next for the pur-
pose of filling said call; therefore, Resolved, That Knox county will
pay a bounty of three hundred dollars for each acceptable recruit, to
make up the deficiency of any town in Knox county, to be paid on
the certificate of the Provost Marshal of the 5th district that said re-
cruit is accepted and duly credited to some town in this county.
Resolved, That any town in said county that may have furnished, or
shall furnish any recruit, by town authority or association, to fill
deficiency of said town, such town shall be entitled, from the county
treasury, to the sum of $300 bounty for each recruit so furnished.
On motion, the foregoing resolutions were unanimously adopted.
At a special meeting of the Board of Supervisors January 27, 1865,
Supervisor Stewart offered the following resolution:
Resolved, That the soldiers now in the field, or those who may here-
after volunteer, the widows of deceased soldiers, and widows who have
sons in the army, or who may hereafter volunteer from the county ot
Knox, shall be exempt from the payment of the bounty tax levied, or
to be levied, to pay the bounty authorized by the Board of Supervisors
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 289
at the regular January meeting of this Board, was amended so as to
read, "Provided, it does not conflict with ( the Constitution and laws
of the State of Illinois." Unanimously adopted as amended.
Kichrnond had fallen, the war ended, yet there were soldiers .who
never returned to their families; others came crippled, broken in
health. Such must be provided lor, and the families of those who died
on Southern soil. This subject elicited the following resolutions,
offered, by Supervisor Drinlap at a meeting of the Board May 1,
1866:
? Resolved, That this Board adopt and ratify the resolution passed
at its laat meeting, refusing further aid to families of volunteers by the
county, from and after this date." Supervisor Vaughn offered the
following as an amendment:
"Resolved, That the Supervisor of each town be and is hereby au-
thorized to extend aid to the families of volunteers who are still in the
service of the United States, or who have died or been disabled in such
service, when such families are really in need of such aid; and although
the families of any deceased soldiers may receive a pension from the
Government, of eight dollars per month, this shall be no bar to such
aid when absolutely needed* any resolution of the Board to the con-
trary notwithstanding;" which was adopted.
SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.
The people were liberal as well as patriotic; and while the men were
busy enlisting, organizing and equipping companies, the ladies were
no less active.
The continued need of money to obtain comforts and necessaries for
the sick and wounded of our army, suggested to the loyal women of
the North many and various devices for the raising of funds. Every
city, town and village had its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, con-
cert, which netted more or less to the cause of hospital relief, accord-
ing to the population of the place and the amount of energy and
patriotism displayed on such occasions.
The Soldiers' Aid Society of Knox county did a noble, generous
work; and one of the brightest pages in the county's history is that
which records their efforts in behalf of the soldiers. Their devotion
to the loyal principles of the national government was undying, and
its defenders were objects of their deepest sympathy. We believe it
not an exaggerated statement when we say that the women of no
county in any of the States of the Union-loving North made a brighter
record during the dark and trying days of the Rebellion than the
patriotic ladies of Knox county. In their efforts to palliate the suf-
290 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ferings of their brothers upon the Southern fields of carnage, they were
actuated by heroic love of country, devotion to kindred, and sympathy
for those in distress. Though physically incapacitated to share with
them the toil and perils of battle, yet before its smoke and the echoes
of its artillery passed away, the offerings of their hands would relieve
their pain, and inspire them with holier ardor fur the cause they were
defending. The number of weary sufferers on the field of battle and
in the lonely hospital relieved by their bounty and cheered by their
presence, none but the Recording Angel can tell.
Among the many noble women whose names will be forever en-
shrined with those of the brave defenders of our country, none will
shine with greater luster than that of Mrs. Bickerdyke, who among
the soldiers was generally known as " Mother Bickerdyke." She was
one of the most constant, earnest, determined and efficient laborers in.
the hospital and in the field that ever relieved the wants and soothed
the pains of soldiers.
In August, 1861, she was sent from Galesburg to Cairo to ascertain
what the troops stationed at that point needed ; and after remaining
there for some time she returned home, where she barely continued
long enough to put her household in or^ler for a more prolonged ab-
sence. At Donelson and at Pittsburg Landing she was untiring in
her efforts to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded. After the bat-
tles of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain she remained in the
field 30 days, and for four weeks was the only female attendant upon
the wounded of the former battle. At Yicksburg she undertook the
difficult task of correcting abuses in the use of sanitary supplies, and
naturally was not at all times a welcome guest to the officers in charge
of such goods. One of the officers applied to " headquarters " to have
a woman removed from his hospital, on the complaint of improper in-
fluence. " Who is she?" inquired the General. "A Mrs. Bicker-
dyke," replied the Major. "Oh, well,'' said the General, "she ranks
me : you must apply to President Lincoln." This distinguished com-
mander was none other than General Grant.
We give another of Mother Bickerdyke's operations, as it is con-
nected with the history of Knox county. Her re-organization of the
Memphis hospital is historic, how she transformed the filthy, uncom-
fortable Gayoso into a model of neatness and comfort. But she found
it impossible to obtain milk, butter and eggs for her boys, and these
were prime necessities. " I know where I can get them," said this
indomitable woman; " the farmers of Knox county have plenty of cows
and chickens, and they will give them to me if I ask them." Accord-
in My she came north, and one dismal day burst in upon the u Soldiers'
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 293
Aid Society " like a thunder-clap, seized the Secretary and marched
her off with no explanation further than, "I have need for you.''
Away they went, through the storm and the gathering blackness of
night, to Ontario, where a meeting was convened to listen to a re-
turned soldier. There Mrs. Bickerdyko told her story in her own
rough way, but eloquent with the heart back of it. A number of
cows were pledged immediately. The next morning the two ladies
started out, calling at the farm-houses through the neighborhood, and
on the route home, telling at each the story of the needs of our
sick and wounded boys. The result was that in less than a week Mrs.
Bickerdyke was returning to Memphis triumphant, with two hundred
cows and a thousand hens on her train. Such a lowing and a cackling
was never before heard in that city. It so jarred the sensitive nerves
of the secessionists that they complained, to the .commanding General
of Mrs. Bickerdyke and her noisy flocks and herds as a nuisance.
Grant assigned her President's Island, where her chickens cackled
to their hearts' content and laid eggs proportionately, and her cows
grew fat and poured out milk in abundance. Here they remained
till the hospitals were closed, when they were almost all of them we
believe distributed among the poor contrabands, who bad proven
their fidelity by efficient service during the war. The history of some
of these cows is so romantic and full of interest that it deserves to be
preserved. Often after, when Mother Bickerdyke went south, she
made inquiries after her cows.
Distinguished, from the outset of her efforts, by her practical good
sense, firmness in maintaining the rights of the soldiers and an un-
ceasing energy, she was soon known among all western soldiers as
one of their best and most faithful friends.
After the war Mrs. Bickerdyke moved to the West, often returning
to her old home in Galesburg, where she had buried her husband and
where she had so many warm friends. During the famine in Kansas
a few years ago her generous heart prompted her again to engage in
her labor of providing for the suffering. She came to Galesburg, and
in the county raised and shipped to Kansas ten car-loads of provision,
much clothing and considerable money. This noble woman resides in
Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, where she is engaged in a missionary
and charitable work.
Scarcely a hamlet or even a house in the whole county which did
not send something from its stores to hospital or battle field, and in
the larger towns were well organized soldiers' aid societies working
systematically and continuously from the beginning of the war till
its close. Many of them failed to record their own good works, but
291 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the record is written in heaven and in the hearts of grateful soldiers.
Each did a noble work. "We give a sketch of the Galesburg society,
whose secretary's books have been placed at our disposal for this pur-
pose, as illustrating the work of all:
At the first call for troops by President Lincoln, a company of vol-
unteers for the 17th Regiment was raised in Galesburg. The ladies
offered to make up their clothing, which offer was accepted by Govern-
ment, and the work satisfactorily completed. Much other work for the
soldiers was done during the summer by the ladies, but a permanent
organization was not effected until Oct. 26, 1861. From this time till
the close of the war the history of this society is that of "patient con-
tinuance in well doing," days and nights of hard work, with little of
romance to brighten the page, but with plenty of self-sacrifice to hal-
low it.
A few figures may give some idea of the money value of their work.
This society disbursed for soldiers and soldiers' families during
1862 $ 2,397.82
1863 2,686.66
1864 5,806.89
till August, 1865 2,694.76
Total $13,586.13
During the same time Galesburg sent to the Christian and
Sanitary Commissions, aside from this society $ 6,614.73
For soldiers' arid freedrnen's reading , 2,199.10
and paid in bounties and in city aid to soldiers' families 39,950.00
Making $62,340.16
from this one township alone.
At first the work of the society was mainly that of making cloth
ing, preparing lint and bandages. Soon, however, the need for anti
scorbutic tood in the army became so pressing that great exertioi
were made to secure and forward fresh vegetables, pickles and fruits.
Could we set in array the barrels of pickles and boxes of canned fruit
forwarded by this society, they would stretch in continuous line fro in
one end of the county to the other. These supplies were sent some-
times direct to the boys in the field by trusty agents ; sometimes
to the St. Louis or Chicago Branch of the Sanitary Commission; to
Miss MarySafford, Cairo, "The Angel of the Gunboats," as the boys
called her; by Mrs. Cunningham, who accompanied some of our Illi-
nois regiments; by Mother Bickerdyke. After its organization a large
proportion of stores were sent through the Illinois State Com mission,
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 295
whose agents, Col. Williams and Mr. 0. T. Chase, at Cairo, took the
greatest pains in distributing these supplies.
From the battle field of Pittsburg Landing two boat loads of
wounded were sent np to Quincy. No notice of their corning had
been given; no preparations made to receive them. They were car-
ried to a warehouse, which happened to be empty, and laid on the
floor until beds could be improvised for them. This was the com-
mencement of the Quincy hospitals. The good people of that city did
what they could to alleviate the suffering of these poor men, but the
task was too great for them and they telegraphed for aid. The Gales-
burg society responded promptly and generously, and from that time
till the fall of 1865, when those hospitals were closed, scarcely a week
passed in which stores of some kind were not sent to them, clothing,
reading matter, pickles, dried and canned fruit, besides perishable
goods, such as green vegetables and butter, that could not be sent fur-
ther south. These were all sent to Mother Liebriech, who distributed
them personally to the patients. Hundreds of letters from those men
testify their gratitude for these supplies. Nor were like expressions
.lacking from more distant fields: the secretary has now case after case
,of letters from the boys in blue telling of good done them through
the work of this society.
Often the boys brought their thanks in person. One day, in answer
to a knock at her door, the secretary opened it and saw standing there
a blue-coated figure leaning heavily upon two crutches; the face was
so thin and pale that she failed to recognize it, though it proved to be
that of one of her own scholars. "Don't you know your Charlie?"
he said, so pathetically that the tears sprang to her eyes.
After resting awhile on the sofa, he told his story; "You saved my
life," he said. "I came to tell you so." In answer to her question-
ing, incredulous look, he told how he had been sorely wounded at
Chattanooga, and while lying helpless on the battle field was struck
again arid again by rebel balls. At last he was carried to the rear,
unconscious, and so severely wounded there seemed no hope of his re-
covery. Here Mrs. Jeremy Porter found him and brought him
back to life. "The first thing I can remember," said Charlie, "was
Mrs. Porter holding some cordial to my lips and saying, 'Drink it;
it will do you good; it came from home.' It did do me good in more
ways than one; for as soon as I was able to hold it, Mrs. Porter placed
the bottle in my hands, and on it I read, 'Galesburg S. A. Society.
I recognized the label as in your hand-writing; the sight of it, with
the thought that the dear ones at home were working and praying for
us, as I knew you were, brought me back to life again."
296 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
The preparation of this blackberry cordial was a specialty with
the Galesburg society, and from nothing did they receive more grati-
fying returns. They prepared it by the gallon, the cask, and at the
suggestion of Mr. C. T. Chase, put it up in pocket flasks and sent it to
the front to be used just as it was in Charles' case. He wrote that
from personal knowledge he believed it had saved hundreds of lives.
How was the money raised for carrying on this work? In many
ways; but underlying all was the "willing heart that gave freely,
whether from abundance or from penury." Membership fees in the
Society (twenty-five cents annually) brought in a small amount, dona-
tions swelled the sum; but the chief reliance was upon entertainments
and the one great fair which netted over four thousand dollars for
three days' work.
Whenever a great battle or any other emergency made unusual de-
mands, appeals were made through the paper, and were never made
in vain. All classes vied with each other in responding. Again and
again and again did the men in Brown's shops and in the railroad shops
take up collections among themselves and pay into the treasury one or
two hundred dollars at a time. Other mechanics and the teachers of the
county often devoted a day's wages to this cause. Merchants, bankers,
artists, professional men all joined in the good work.
While doing so much at home, they were not unmindful of the calls
abroad. Articles valued at $280.45, donations of citizens generally?
were sent to the Chicago Sanitary Fair. In connection with the
State Agricultural Fair of 1864 was a sanitary department, to whicl
Knox county contributed more liberally than did any other county ii
the State. Circulars were sent to some responsible person in every
township in the county, asking for contributions in money or in any-
thing that could be turned into money, and pledges of hospital stores
to be sent direct to the field as needed. The response was most gener-
ous. One farmer would give a horse, another a cow, another a hog,
another a load of hay, and so on down to a dozen of eggs. All these
donations were sold, and added to the money contributed and that re-
ceived from sale of articles at the fair, netted nearly $1,000; hospital
stores pledged at this time and forwarded afterward amounted to
$3,000 more.
Two ladies from Galesburg and one from Knoxville went to
Decatur and remained during the fair, superintending the department
where these contributions were sold. This department, ostensibly de-
voted to fancy articles, contained something more substantial; for
example, a corn-planter given by G. W. Brown, another by his em-
ployees, a sugar-mill from Frost's M'f'g. Co., and many other like
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 297
things. The ladies had such good success in selling these that Mr.
Deere of Moline told them he would donate his fine plow on exhibi-
tion at the fair if they would sell it. They did so, and several other
manufacturers followed his example. George W. Brown then con-
cluded he could put the splendid corn-planter he had made expressly
for exhibition at the State Fair to no better use, and he gave that
also, making the third he had given to the cause.
But this effort, great as it was, was exceeded by the Galesburg San-
itary Fair, held July 3d, 4th, and 5th, 1864. All who remember the
history of that time know how fearful was the strain of that closing
year of the war. Grant was tightening his death grip on the Confed-
eracy; thousands of men were required to do it; the battle line
stretched from Chattanooga to the sea, from Yicksburg to the Gulf.
All these thousands must be cared for, and they needed many things
the Government could not supply. Demands for all sorts of anti-
scorbutic food were never more urgent. But potatoes were a dollar
and onions from two to three dollars a bushel. The usual ways of
raising money were not adequate to the demand. So it was decided
to have a grand fair. To enumerate all who contributed to the suc-
cess of this enterprise would be to give the census of Galesburg and
the surrounding country. The fair was held in the old Academy
building, then standing where the Union Hotel now stands, with din-
ing rooms in Colton's Block near by. It netted in cash $4,089. Be-
fore the month closed, hundreds of dollars of this money, transmuted
into life-giving stores, were making glad the hearts of our brave boys
at the front. By the close of the year all was thus expended, or used
in relieving destitution among soldiers' families at home.
As the war progressed, the care of soldiers' families became an im-
portant part of the work of soldiers' aid societies. The city govern-
ment of Galesburg expended $16,000 in this work; the Aid Society
also expended large sums in this way, arid did much for these families
that no city government could do, visiting and comforting them,
caring for them in sickness and helping them in a thousand ways
which tender, sympathetic womanhood alone understands. A great
deal was also done in the way of assisting disabled soldiers to secure
pensions, tra3ing out records, looking up lost papers and the like.
From its favorable position for shipping stores, as well as its
ability to raise the money, Galesburg became a center for sanitary
operations for much of the county. Smaller towns and neighborhoods
would tender their services to this society, offering to makeup bolts of
cloth, if they could be sent to them, or to fill barrels with pickles, if
barrels of vinegar and spices were furnished. Very many bolts of cloth
298 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
were thus sent out and returned in garments ready for the packing box,
and hundreds of barrels of pickles were put up by generous-hearted
farmers' wives. Hundreds probably thousands of one-gallon jugs of
tomatoes were also put up by them and by the ladies of Galesburg, and
many hundred dollars' worth of blackberries, dried, canned, or in
cordial, sent on their mission of mercy.
Do these statistics seem dry and commonplace? To some they
may, but when the despised onion saved the dear one from scurvy, or a
draught of blackberry cordial brought him back from the jaws of
death, not the spices of Araby seem more fragrant than they.
With all the hard work this society performed was mingled many
things which live pleasantly in the memory. The work itself was a
great reward, in the feeling it gave that, thus weak women as they
were, they were doing something for the redemption of the nation.
Often the privilege was given them of ministering personally to regi-
ments passing through Galesburg, and no such opportunity was al-
lowed to pass unimproved. If there were time for but a cup of coffee
handed in through the car window, that cup was given, and be as-
sured it was the best that even Galesburg ladies could make; if time
allowed, a sumptuous meal was prepared for those whose daily rations
were hard-tack and bacon. Then the entertainments, whose primary
object was to raise money, afforded much social enjoyment and drew
hearts very close to each other.
And this working together for a common cause was a bond of union,
uniting not the ladies of Galesburg alone, but of all the county together.
We have seen how the lines of labor, marked by prosaic bolts of cloth
and barrels for pickles, radiated from this center throughout the
county. Occasionally the workers came together that they might see
eye to eye, and gain inspiration from the light of each other's faces.
The most notable occasion of this kind was June 4, 1863, when, in
response to an invitation from the Galesburg society, a county con-
vention of ladies assembled in Dunn's Hall, where reports were re-
ceived from the various bands of workers throughout the county, plans
for increased efficiency discussed and adopted. The crowning feature
of the day was a " talk" of an hour and a half by Mrs. Mary A. Liv-
ermore. She had just returned from her visit to the camps around
Vicksburg, and her heart was full of the scenes witnessed there. She
spoke with a thrilling pathos which will never be forgotten. After
she closed, an address to our soldiers, which had been prepared by
order of the society, was read and unanimously adopted. It was after-
wards printed and sent to Knox county soldiers, as "from the women
of Knox county to their brothers in the field." It was a noble, soul-
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 299
inspiring message, and kindled anew the intenesst love for home,
country, and a determination to crown the stars and stripes with vic-
tory. As showing the patriotism burning in the hearts of these
noble, devoted women, we give the address in full:
"You have gone out from our homes, but not from our hearts.
Never for one moment are you forgotten. Through weary march and
deadly conflict our prayers have ever followed you; your sufferings
are our sufferings, your victories our great joy.
" If there be one of you who knows not the dear home ties, for whom
no mother prays, no sister watches, to him especially we speak. Let
him feel that though he may not have one mother he has many / he
is the adopted child and brother of all our hearts. Not one of you is
beyond the reach of our sympathies; no picket-station so lonely that
it is not enveloped in the halo of our prayers.
"During all the long, dark months since our country called you
from us, your courage, your patient endurance, your fidelity, have
awakened our keenest interest, and we have longed to give you an ex-
pression of that interest.
" By the alacrity with which you sprang to arms, by the valor with
which those arms have been wielded, you have placed our State in the
front ranks; you have made her worthy to be the home of our noble
President. For thus sustaining the honor of our State, dear to us as
life, we thank you.
" Of your courage we need not speak. Fort Donelson, Pea Ridge,
Shiloh, Stone River. Yicksburg, speak with blood-bathed lips of your
heroism. The Army of the Southwest fights beneath no defeat-
shadowed banner; to it, under Grod, the nation looks for deliverance.
"But we, as women, have other cause for thanks. We will not
speak of the debt we owe the defenders of our Government; that
blood-sealed bond no words can cancel. But we are your debtors in a
way not often recognized. You have aroused us from the aimlessness
into which too many of our lives had drifted, and have infused into
those lives a noble pathos. We could not dream our time away while
our brothers were dying for us. Even your sufferings have worked
together for our good, by inciting us to labor for their alleviation,
thus giving us a work worthy of our womanhood. Everything that
we have been permitted to do for your comfort has filled our lives so
much the fuller of all that makes life valuable. You have thus been
the means of developing in us a nobler type of womanhood than with-
out the example of your heroism we could ever have attained. For
this our whole lives, made purer and nobler by the discipline, will
thank vou.
300 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
" This war will leave none of us as it found us. We cannot buffet
the raging wave and escape all trace of the salt sea's foam. Toward
better or toward worse we are hurried on with fearful haste. If we
at home feel this, what must it be to you! Our hearts throb with
agony when we think of you wounded, suffering, dying; but the
thought of no physical pain touches us half so deeply as the thought
of the temptations which surround you. We could better give you
up to die on the battle-field, true to your God and to your country,
than to have you return to us with blasted, blackened souls. When
temptations assail fiercely, you must let the thought that your mothers
are praying for strength enable you to overcome them. But fight-
ing for a worthy cause worthily ennobles one; herein is our confidence
that you will return better men than you went away.
"By all that is noble in your manhood; by all that is true in our
womanhood; by all that is grand in patriotism; by all that is sacred
in religion, we adjure you to be faithful to yourselves, to us, to your
country, and to your God. Never were men permitted to fight in a
cause more worthy of their blood. Were you fighting for mere con-
quest, or glory, we could not give you up; but to sustain & principle,
the greatest to which human lips have ever given utterance, even your
dear lives are not too costly a sacrifice. Let that principle, the cor-
ner-stone of our independence, be crushed, and we are all slaves. Like
the Suliote mothers, we might well clasp our children in our arms
and leap down to death.
" To the stern arbitrament of the sword is now committed the honor,
the very life of this nation. You fight not for yourselves alone; the
eyes of the whole world are on you; and if you fail our Nation's
death-wail will echo through all coining ages, moaning a requiem
over the lost hopes of oppressed humanity. But you will not fail, so
sure as there is a God in Heaven. He never meant this richest ar-
gosy of the nations, freighted with the fears of all the world's tyrants,
with the hopes of all its oppressed ones, to flounder in darkness and
death. Disasters may come, as they have come, but they will only
be, as they have been, ministers of good. Each one has led the
nation upward to a higher plane, from whence it has seen with a
clearer eye. Success could not attend us at the West so long as we
scorned the help of the black hand, which alone had power to open
the gate of redemption; the God of battles would not vouchsafe a
victory at the East till the very foot-prints of a McClellan were
washed out in blood.
" But now all things seem ready; we have accepted the aid of that
hand; those foot-steps are obliterated. In his His own good time we
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 301
feel that God will give us the victory. Till that hour comes we bid you
fight on. Though we have not yet attained that heroism, or decision,
which enables us to give you up without a struggle, which can pre-
vent o'ur giving tears for your blood, though many of us must own
our hearts desolate till you return, still we bid you stay and fight for
our country, till from this fierce baptism of blood she shall be raised
complete', the dust shaken from her garments purified, a new Memnon
singing in the great Godlight."
Stirring meetings were held at various times and great enthusiasm
prevailed. At a meeting held in the old First Church, Galesburg,
Chaplain McCabe gave reminiscences of Libby Prison. He then
called for contributions, when nearly two thousand dollars were
pledged as fast as the names could be written.
The prominent part taken by the misses of Galesburg in the for-
mation of the "Juvenile Soldiers' Aid Society" deserves especial
notice. About 48 little girls held regular meetings and worked very
industriously for many months in preparing and making articles for
the use and comfort of sick and wounded soldiers in the hospital. In
May of 1863 they sent a box of their handiwork, with books and
papers, and delicacies for the sick lying in Hospital No. 1, Quincy,
Ills., for which they received the following kind letter signed by
James Wise of the 37th Indiana Eegiment, and 31 others.
HOSPITAL No. 1, QUINCY, ILLS. May 14, 1868.
The undersigned sick and wounded soldiers acknowledge the receipt of a box
from your society, containing articles we so much need, and in return we send our
kind regards and sincere thanks for your kindness to us, who have been disabled for
a time in the service of our country. We can not find words to express our gratitude
for your kindness and generosity, so you will have to take the thought for the deed ;
and you may rest assured that you will not soon be forgotten by the soldiers you
have done so much to make happy. Accept our best wishes for the welfare of your
good society, with the hope that it may flourish to see treason driven from our land
and peace restored to our once happy country, and happiness to the Little Ones.
Many of the little girls of that society are doubtless living in the
county at this time and enjoy many pleasant recollections of the
good work they so heartily engaged in for the good of their country.
The women of Knox county were not only willing to help the brave
boys to fight for their country, but would not countenance treason
under any circumstances, as the following true incident will show:
An amiable and interesting young lady of Knoxville, daughter of one
of the leading men of the county, was engaged to be married to a
gentleman of Galesburg, but who at that time was in Missouri trad-
ing in stock. Naturally many letters passed between them. In May,
1861, she received a letter from her devoted lover, stating his deter-
mination to join the rebel army. This she showed to her father, ask-
302 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ing him " what he thought of that," at the same time saying, " We
are done forever; for," said she, " a man reared in the North, with all
its advantages, that will forsake his home and country is not worthy
of me."
THE CLOSE.
The war ended and peace restored,the Union preserved in its integrity,
the sons of Knox who had volunteered their lives in defense of their
government, and who were spared to see the army of the Union vic-
torious, returned to their homes to receive grwud ovations and tributes
of honor from friends and neighbors who had eagerly and zealously
followed them wherever the fortunes of war called. Exchanging
their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell back to
their old vocations, on the farm, at the forge, the bench, in the
shop, and at whatever else their hands found to do. Brave men are
honorable always, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater re-
spect than the volunteer soldiery of Knox county, not alone because
they were soldiers, but because in their associations with their fellow
men their walk is upright, and their honesty and character without
reproach.
Their country first, their glory and their pride,
Land of their hopes, land where their fathers died ;
When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright,
When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right.
SHERI F
HISTORY OF KN'OX COUNTY. 305
CPAPTER XIV.
IN THE FIELD.
THE WAB.
There were only seven counties in the State that furnished a larger
number of soldiers than Knox county and none that filled her quotas
more promptly. She was called upon to furnish 3,842 men, but
finally credited by the Adjutant General of the State with only
3,837. There were many who left the county to enlist in foreign regi-
ments, and the colored troops to the number of from 25 to 50 were
never credited to Knox county.
Besides the filling of her quota of the regular calls of the Presi.
dent, she furnished 326 men in answer to the Governor's call for 100
day men, making a total of at least 4,200 men. These were distribu-
ted among 82 regiments, and in 190 different companies. Of this
number 123 were killed in action, 168 wounded and 344 died; 96
suffered the horrors of prison life, some of whom died at Anderson -
ville and Libby.
STONE RIVER.
The battle of Stone River with its fearful perils, persistent fighting
and deeds of desperate daring, furnished a rare opportunity for
the troops of Illinois to further distinguish themselves, ^or was it
misirnproved, as the proud record of their skill and bravery in the
midst of the most appalling dangers abundantly prove. Many of the
Illinois regiments were, however, placed in situations where over-
powering rebel assaults in greatly superior numbers rendered success
frequently impossible. Yet there is associated with the stern resist-
ance offered a moral sublimity that almost surpasses the glory of vic-
tory itself, especially when we remember the patriotism which prompt-
ed, and the adverse circumstances attending it. There were no soldiers
iu the battle that evinced more intrepid courage, nor rendered greater
service than the Kiiox county soldiers.
After the battle of Stone River, General Forrest with about 9,000
men attacked Colonel Hardin's Regiment, and were repulsed by about
six hundred men. About two o'clock A. M., Feb. 3, the Union forces
learned the Rebels intended an attack. They were supplied with
306 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
only eight rounds of ammunition. The Rebels sent in p, flag of truce
asking Col. Harclin to surrender, and while so doing planted three bat-
teries in close proximity. Col. Hardin replied that he was there to
defend the fort, and not to surrender it. At this the Rebels opened
a heavy tire. Capt. Wilson, with his sixty-five brave boys from Knox
county, was stationed near a large siege gun which they used for some
time in reply to the firing of the Rebels ; but soon all firing stopped
on both sides, and the Rebel cavalry, about 600, came up within 20
paces of the gun, and three men rode forward, one drawing his re-
volver said, " Damn you ! we have your gun now." " But you have
got the wrong end," one of the artillerymen replied, as he touched it
off. It having in a double load of canister and the men being so near
they with their horses were literally torn to pieces. The Rebels were
dismayed, and at this point Capt. Gilson with his stentorious voice
ordered his few men who were hid behind a little work to charge.
This put the enemy to flight, and the sixty-five men pursued, killing
many and taking several prisoners.
The smoke of the guns, and the sudden onslaught with fire led the
Rebels to believe their force too small to cope with them. One brave
Confederate lieutenant, who was wounded and taken prisoner, said h
had been in 16 battles, but never before did he see his troops so dis-
mayed. A. Anderson of Victoria, and one of the company, struck off'
after the Rebs and ran across six men in a log cabin, and ordered them
to surrender, which they gladly did. One of them, badly frightened
staggered out and was seen by a Union soldier who, shot him down,
not knowing that Anderson was present. Anderson brought in two
other Rebels, taking them from within a few yards of the Rebel works.
This was one of the most complete victories, considering the two
armies, on record.
PRISON LIFE.
We give the following incidents of life in Rebel prisons to show the
sufferings and hardships many of the brave boys of Knox county were
called upon to pass through.
Captain Orville Powell was wounded and taken prisoner at Chica-
mauga Sept. 20, 1863. He was taken to Libby prison, Richmond.
From there he was transferred to Macon, Georgia ; thence to Savan-
nah ; afterwards to Charleston, S. C. ; arid finally to Columbus, Ga.;
where he boldly made his escape. It would be vain to attempt t
convey to the reader the suffering endured during these transits and
while in the prison pens, especial ly s for a wounded man. At Columbus
he determined to effect his escape, if at all possible. Accordingly
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
about noon one day he drew his blanket around his shoulders and fear-
lessly walked out by the guard. Joining three other escaped prisoner
they started for Knoxville, Tenn., but unfortunately one of them was
captured. The suffering passed through on this trip seems almost
beyond human endurance. They were four days in the mountains
without any other food than browse. They were twenty-eight days in
making the journey ; and on the way they were solicited to join the
Eebel army. One evening about dusk they came to a plantation and
waited in the fence corner for night to come on. The planter with a
companion suddenly appeared coming along the road. Although the
escaped prisoners lay close to the ground, they were seen by the owner
of the land, who wanted to know what they were doing there. They
coolly replied that they were resting. Captain Powell boldly stepped
up to them and told them they were escaped prisoners from Columbus.
The planter invited them down to the house to take supper, remarking
at the same time, "The old woman's very anxious to see a live Yan-
kee." They readily complied with the request, for they were nearly
starved, and would take almost any risk for a meal. The host and his
companion soon left the house, and the ' k old woman " was so deeply
interested in seeing and talking with the " live Yankees " that she re-
mained in the room where they were all the time, and made no effort
to set their supper. The soldiers were suspicious, and concluded not
to remain for supper, for they surmised that the planter had gone to
some of his neighbors for help to recapture them. Before leav-
ing, however, they took two loaves of bread. It was then dark.
They hurried on, and soon met an old negro who told them his mas-
ter had gone for help. He volunteered to pilot them by the shortest
and best route to the river, which was some nine miles distant. They
gladly accepted his services, although it was apparently great labor
for him to hobble along, one leg being shorter than the other. But
so anxious was this old negro to save the brave Union soldiers that
he fairly bounded along in his irregular, limping gait, rendering it
difficult for them to keep up with him. The merciless planter was soon
on their track with a pack of blood-hounds. The soldiers hurried
along after the wavering outline of their faithful leader, through tim-
ber and underbrush, over fences, across streams and swamps. The
baying of the hounds sounded louder and louder, sending a shudder
through the Captain and his companion as each knell pierced the air.
Soon they saw it was useless to attempt to effect their escape by flight,
so they decided to secrete themselves. The negro, who was familiar
with the ways of the hounds, and also the country, took the soldiers
through a cow-yard, thus throwing the dogs off their trail. They then
18
308 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
hid in the timber ; and often the hounds would come near them but
could scent them no farther than the barn-yard. That night the
brave men were hunted like wild beasts ; but seemingly through a
Providential interference they were preserved, and finally effected
their escape.
O. P. Cooley, in speaking of prison life in rebel prisons, relates an
incident of the killing of a fellow prisoner while at Castle Morgan
prison. This unprovoked murder goes to show upon what slight
pretexts the lives of Union prisoners were sacrificed. As a Union
soldier was walking along a narrow passage, he came near the "dead
line," but not quite to it. The guard murderously ran his bayonet
through the prisoner, killing him almost instantly. It was said that
the guard would get a thirty days' furlough for this noble act.
About one hundred prisoners made their escape from Libby prison
through a tunnel made by them. While tunneling, they struck a
rock which they were obliged to go under. Colonel Stout was among
the number and he being a very large man, it was only with the ut-
most difficulty that he squeezed through. Some took him by the
hands and pulled, while others pushed him. "When he came to the
rock he stuck fast, but after much tugging, pushing, turning and
twisting they brought him through.
INCIDENTS OF ENLISTING.
In the fall of 1861 Colonel Winslow, of Princeton, was engaged in
raising a regiment of infantry. At the same time General F. C. Smith
was recruiting an artillery company at Galesburg. Winslow sent for
Smith to see about uniting the two. After some delay, being encour-
aged by the liberal promises of the Colonel, the Galesburg boys went
to Princeton. This company did not, ho\vever, give up the idea of
handling the heavy guns. Soon Colonel Berge came to Princeto
and held out inducements for the regiment to go with him and for
a regiment of sharp-shooters. His proposition was favorably receiv
by the men, but nothing definite done in that direction, only tha
Smith's men positively refused to join with them. The Colonel tol
them he would put them in irons as deserters; but they did not yiel
nor did he execute his threats. General Smith returned to Galesbur
leaving everything quiet in camp at Princeton; but one morning he
received a telegram from his men to hasten there. He did so, and
on arriving found his men with a few cavalry in camp alone. Colonel
Winslow had marched oft' with his men. He had ordered the Knox
county soldiers to fall into ranks, but they refused to do so. The
camp was about one mile south of town, where the Colonel's residence
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 309
was situated. Winslow, at the head of his troops as they filed through
the streets, was proud and happy. He must bid his wife and children
farewell before departing for the field of glory; so "halt" was
sounded along the line. The Colonel dismounted and entered his
house for the last time, perhaps, as he thinks. He had no sooner dis-
appeared than the command of " Forward, march " was given, in
smothered tone, and the halting columns moved on. Soon " Quick
march " rang out on the clear morning air. " What does this mean?"
enquired one of another. There were few who knew. Colonel Wins-
low had lost his regiment. Soon the gallant Colonel steps from his
house and mounts his steed to place himself at the head of his regi-
ment, but to his utter amazement his men were gone. In hot haste
he pursued and soon overtook them and attempted to take his place
at the head, but he finds it and his authority usurped by an emissary
from Colonel Berge, who flatly refused to yield; and Colonel Wins-
low is coolly informed that by virtue of the unanimous choice of the
line officers he had been chosen commander to conduct the regiment
to the rendezvous of Colonel Berge's sharp-shooters. Winslow re-
turned to his camp an angry and sorrowing man, where he played
Colonel with none but the disobedient Knox county company. Smith,
seeing that his plan of raising a full company was questionable, and
it being the wish of his men to engage in the artillery service, he no-
tified them that he would be on the midnight train bound for Chi-
cago, and that he had transportation for all who desired to go. The
officer of the guard for that night was friendly to the movement; so
such disposition of the guard was made as would be most favorable
to the stampede. At midnight General Smith stepped on board the
train; at the same time, from the side opposite to the depot, every
Knox county man in the Princeton camp jumped on. They went in
a body to Camp Douglas and joined Captain A. C. Waterhouse's bat-
tery, Company E, Light Artillery. Colonel Winslow appeared at the
camp and demanded that the men should bo returned; but it was never
done.
THE 102ND.
At a meeting of the officers and soldiers of the 102nd Infantry,
well known as the regiment of the " OLD DEMOCBATIO WA.R-HOKSE,"
on the 17th of March, 1863, at Gallatin, Tenn., the following resolu-
tions were read and unanimously adopted by the entire regiment,
without one dissenting voice, as expressive of their true feelings in
regard to the war, its conduct, and the acts of the government to
carry it on.
310 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
We, the officers and soldiers of the 102nd Regiment Ills. Yols. y
assembled in our camp at Gallatin, Tenn., on the 17th of March, 1863 r
to our loyal brethren in arms, throughout our country, and to our
friends at home, greeting. First,
Resolved, That we are fully determined in our'" innermost heart of
hearts" that the government of our fathers and the union of our
States must and shall be triumphantly sustained and perpetuated to
our children ; Second,
Resolved, That while we are having a large share of sympathy and
kindly feeling towards many brave men in the South, who are the
dupes of lying demagogues, and misled by traitors whom ambition
hath made mad, still we must meet them with the only weapons they
will regard, the implements of war; Third,
Resolved, That we regard the leaders of the rebellion at the South
as the " spawn of hell itself," for whom no justice, human or divine,
can be too severe; that neither in abolitionism at the North, nor in ;
their own unbridled thirst for power, is there the least semblance of <
justification for their course; and they are they whom God and history :
will hold responsible for this war in which we are engaged; Fourth,
Resolved, That the thought of their succeeding in their infamous
schemes no true patriot will entertain even for a moment; that to i
prevent it no sacrifice of property or blood can be too great; that, ,
to yield to them while there is any one left to fight would entitle u& ;
justly to the scorn and contempt of mankind, and be an insult to :
the memory of our fathers and a mockery of our dead brothers who
have already fallen; Fifth,
Resolved, That any call for peace, for armistice, or compromise
with armed men who sneer at any terms except the destruction of our ;
government, is to ensnare, to beguile, and to cheat; Sixth,
Resolved, That though it may be that for our sins God in His wrath
is passing us through the baptism of fire, still we cannot believe He
will allow us to be utterly consumed; for not with blasphemous pomp,
but reverent faith, we exclaim, " Into thy hands, O God, we commend
our cause;" Seventh,
Resolved, That we are not politicians, but citizen soldiers fighting
for the best interests of the human race, and against those who upon .
the destruction of our now free government would establish a '
tyrannical oligarchy, depending upon force for its maintenance, and
fatal to all human freedom, independent of color or race; Eighth,
Resolved, That there is as much good sense in making the inferior
negro help us in our struggle for free government in any way which
his capacity will admit of as there is in the rebels using him in their
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 311
struggles for despotism, and we will not weaken our struggle for
American freedom, from any squirmish regard to the desire that
rebels may have, that nobody shall use negroes but themselves;
Ninth,
Resolved, That, though happily desertions are few, we regard it the
duty of our friends at the North to discountenance by all practical
means all desertions, and to use all available means to have deserters
returned to their respective commands; Tenth,
Resolved, That we are amidst enemies, with our numbers constantly
diminishing by the casualties of war; therefore we hear with de-
light of the efforts of the government to fill the decimated ranks of our
armies, upon whose efficiency alone the safety of our government de-
pends. Hence we regard the passage of the late conscript law as
eminently wise, expedient and just; Eleventh,
Resolved, That we utterly repudiate those public presses of the
North which persistently vilify our officers in the field, and by constant
carping at the government seek to weaken its hold upon the affec-
tions of the people, and thus injure us more than they could with
arms in their hands in open warfare; Twelfth,
Resolved, That for ourselves, come weal or come woe, we will fight
treason to the bitter end; that by every consideration dear to man
we will sustain our country in this struggle for life, or we will perish
with her.
KNOX COUNTY VOLUNTEERS.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Adjt Adjutant.
Art Artillery.
Col Colonel.
Capt Captain.
Corpl Corporal.
Comsy Commissary.
Com Commissioned.
Con Consolidated.
Cav Cavalry.
Capd Captured.
Desrtd Deserted.
Dis Disability.
Disch., Discharged.
Ex Expired.
E ..Enlisted.
Hos Hospital.
Inf. Infantry.
Kid Killed.
Lieut Lieutenant.
Ma] Major.
M O Mustered Out.
Pris Prisoner.
Pro Promoted.
Regt Regiment
Re-E Re-Enlisted.
Res ; Resigned.
riergt Sergeant.
Trans Transferred.
Vet ' Veteran.
Wd Wounded.
7th EtfFAKTRY.
COMPANY D.
First Lieutenant,
Solomon F. Flint, Gales burg, e. July 25, 1864, m. o.
July 9, 1865.
COMPANY E.
Walton, James H., Yates City, e. Feb. 12, 1862.
COMPANY I.
Jarnagin, Spencer L., Onelda, e, Oct. 1, 1861, died
Mound City, Dec. 15, 1862.
Lynch, Francis M., Oneida, e. Oct. 1, 1861.
Morman, Michael, Oneida, e. Oct. 1, 1861.
Pitts, Francis G., Oneida, e. Oct. 1, 1861, died Mon-
terey, Tenn . , June 14, 1862.
Shannan, Samuel, Oneida, e. Oct. 1, 1861.
8th INFANTRY.
Graybam, Kobt., Knoxville, e. Sept. 22, 1864, dis-
charged Sept. 21, 1865.
Brittian, J., Galesburg, e. April 17, 1865, m. o.
May 11, 1865.
Doyle, Michael, Galesburg, e. April 17, 1865.
Green, J., Galesburg, e. April 17, 18H5.
Harvey, Wm., Altona, e. Aug. 10, 1861, discharged
Aug. 10, 1865.
lOlh INFANTRY.
COMPANY B.
Gill, Henry, Knoxville, e. Feb. 83, 1864-
COMPANY C.
Musician.
Benj. F. Patrick. Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, d
charged Nov. 21, 1862, disability.
312
Privates.
Codding, Geo. S., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17. 1861, m. o.
Aug. 31, 1864.
Ferry, James H., Galesburg. e. Aug. 17, 1861, vet.,
m. o. July 4. 1865.
Huffmire, Wm. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861.
Hubbard, E. R , Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, trans.
to regular army Dec. 25, 1862
James. Wm. D., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, dis-
charged Sept. 12, 1862. disability.
Morris, Wm., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, vet,,
died Feb. 3. 1865, of wounds.
Nixon, P. O. C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, vet.,
m. o. July 4, 1865, corpl.
Pettingill, Samuel C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861,
vet., m. o. July 4, 1865, corp).
Randall, Orville, Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, vet.,
m. o. July 4. 1865, corpl.
Skevin, Jacob C., Galesburg. e. Aug. 17, 1861.
Schneider, Henry, Galesburg, e. Aug. 17. 1861, m.
o. July 4. 1865.
Ford, Wm., Galesburg, e. June 1, 1864, vet., sick
in hospital at m. o. of regt.
Hall, Harmon W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, 1861,
vet., m. o. July 4, 1865.
Lewis. James W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17,1861, vet.,
m. o. July 4, 1865.
Craft, T. H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1861, died Feb.
21, 1863.
Gee, Henry, Knoxville, e. Feb. 23. 1864. m. o. Ji
4. 1865.
Goodell, Benj., Knoxville, e. Feb. 24, 1864, m.
July 4, 1865.
Girrard, John L., Knoxville, e. Feb. 24, 1864,
July 4. 1865.
Howard, Wm., Galesburg, e. Sept. 15. 1861.
Hankey, C. P., Galesburg, e. Sept. 12, 1861, vet
pro. 2d lieut., in. o. July 4. 186:>.
James, W. D., Galesburg, e. Feb. 23, 1864, disc
Jan. 27. 1865, disability.
Lewis, J, W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, 1861, vet., :
o. July 4, 1865.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
31!
Moon, Job, Knoxville, e. Feb. 22, 1864, m. o. July [Harris, Jas. A., Ontario, e Feb. 16, 1865, m. o.
4, 1865. Aug. 8, 1865.
Middleton, J. A., Knoxville, e. Sept. 7, 1861, trans. Harch, Jacob W., Salem, e. Feb. 15. 1865, m. o.
toreg. army. Sept. 16, 1865.
Packard, W. W., Knoxville, e. Feb. 23, 1864. m. o. Hogan. Timothy J., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865.
Jane 26, 1865.
St. Clair, A., Knoxville, e. Feb. 23, 1864, m. o.
July 4, 1865.
14th INFANTRY. (Reorgan-
ized.)
COMPANY C.
Privates.
Atherton. Wm. B., Lynn, e. Feb. 24, 1865.
Bell, G. W..Truro. e. Feb. -22, 1865, m.o. July 31, '65.
Baldwin. G., Lynn, e. Feb. 24, 1865, m. o. June
13, 1865.
Caldwell, H.. Indian Ft., e. Feb. 21, 1865. m. o.
Sept. 16. 1865.
Jones, J. E., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865,
Johnson, Wm.. Lynn, e. Feb. 28. 1865.
Kinmouth, O. F., Lynn, e. Feb. 27, 1865, m. o. Sept.
16, 1865.
Harper, James, Rio, e, March 16, 1865.
Rakestraw, R.. Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 1, 1865
Stuckey, J., Sparta, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. 16,
1865.
Shepherd, Jas., Rio, e. March 16, 1865.
White, W.. Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1862, m. o. May
29, 1865,
Welch, I.. Lynn, e. Feb. 24, 1865, m. o. May 23, 1865.
COMPANY F.
Heflin, Martin, Galesburg, e. Jan. 1, 1864, vet., m
o. Sept. 16, 1865.
COMPANY }.
First Sergeant.
Wm. H. Bramell, Copley, e. Feb. 16, 1865, pro
2d lieut., m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Corporals.
George F. Hurlburt, Salem, e Feb. 15, 1865, m. o
Sept. 16, 1865, sergt.
John Fry, Orange, e, Feb. 16, 1865
John Kelly, Sparta, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 16,
1865.
Privates.
Bowen, George G., Sparta, e. Feb. 16, 1865, pro.
corpl, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Beck, Jacob, Walnut Grove, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o.
June 19, 1865.
Baker, Geo. W., Ontario, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865.
Bell. George, Ontario, e. Feb. 16, 1865, discharged
July 17, 1865.
Bruniiiger. G , Orange, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept.
16, 1865
Bleikner, Henry, Orange, e. Feb. 16.1865.
Brown. Henry, Copley, e. Feb. 16, 1865.
Chapman, Wm. H., Sparta, e. Feb 16, 1865.
Benin. Peter, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865.
Doty. J. W., Elba. e. Feb. 16, 1865, disch. July 17,
1865. disability.
Derby, J. W., Orange, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m, o. Sept
16, 1865, corpl.
Doering. D. J., Copley, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m.o. Sept.
1, 1865.
Fishback, Killian, Orange, e. Feb. 16, 1865.
Hall, James, Truro, e. Feb. 13. 1865.
Johnson, Harmon, Sparta, e. Feb. 16, 1865.
Kirtuer, David H., Sparta, e. Feb. 16, 1865, discb,
July 17, 1865, disability.
Kock, Geo., Salem, e. Feb. 15, 1865, m. o. June 19,
1865.
ynch, John, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865.
^Joel, Jackson, Sparta, e. Feb, 16, 1865.
storris, Edward, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865.
lltman. Geo., Sparta, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept.
16, 1865.
Ries. Michael, Ontario, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept.
16, 1865.
Rotterman, Frank, Orange, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865.
hutts, James, Copley, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. July
19, 1865.
Strattan, Wm., Orange, e. Feb. 16,1865, m. o. June
20, 1865.
Schneider, Joseph, Ontario, e. Feb. 16, 1865, died
March 6, 1865.
Strasberger, Jacob, Orange, e. Feb. 16, 1875, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865.
Sands, John H., Sparta, e. Feb. 16, 1865.
Smith, William, Salem, e. Feb. 16, 1865.
Woodruff, J. H., Salem, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16. 1865.
White, Wm. L., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 16, ',1865.
COMPANY H.
First Lieutenant.
!orydoa P. Snow, Sparta, e. Feb 21, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865.
Musician.
W. H. Brown. Galesburg, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865.
Sergeant.
Emerson J. Price, Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o.
June 19, 1865.
Corporals.
Wm. G. Vincent, Lynn, e. Feb. 27. 1865, pro. sergt.
m. o. Sept. 16. 1865.
Michael Sweely. Victoria, e. Feb. 18, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1868.
Privates.
Astell, N. J., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1855, m. o. Aug. 8.
1865.
Hammar, Sam'l J., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, died
March 31, 1865.
Parker, Chas. W., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o.
May 23. 1865.
Peters, Julius, Victoria, e. Feb. 18, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1865.
Yocum, Wm. M., Knox,e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. June
16th INFANTRY.
COMPANY A.
Spencer. Brainard T., Galesburg, e. Feb. 2, 1864,
absent on furlough at m. o. ot regr.
COMPANY F.
Recruit.
Blue, Harrison, Knoxville, e. Feb. 18, 1864.
314
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
17th INFANTRY.
The 17th Reg. Ill Inf. Vols. was mustered into the United States service at Peoria,
111., on the 24th day of May, 1861. Left for Alton, 111., late in July, proceeded to St.
Charles, thence to Warrenton, Mo., where it remained about two weeks. The regi-
ment left Warrenton for St. Louis and embarked on transports for Bird's Point, Mo. ;
ihence to Sulphur Springs Landing; debarking, went to Pilot Knob, Mo., in pursuit
of Gen. Jeff Thompson, and joined Prentice's command at Jackson, Mo., thence to
Kentucky and aided in the construction of Fort Holt. Was then ordered to Cape
Girardeau and were again sent in pursuit of Jeff Thompson; participated in the
engagement near Greenfield; returned to Cape Girardeau and performed provost duty
until Feb. 1862. Were then ordered to Fort Henry; participated in that engagement
and Fort Donelson, losing several men killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. Soon
after, went to Pittsburg Landing and was assigned to the army of West Tennessee;
engaged in the battle of the 6th and 7th of April, suffering great loss in killed and
wounded ; was in the advance to Cornith ; after the evacuation of Corinth, marched to
Jackson, Tenn.; remained until July, when they were ordered to Bolivar, where they
remained until Nov. 1862, participating during the time in the expediti >n to luka to
reinforce Gen. Rosecrans, where they were engaged in the battle of the Hatchie;
marched to Lagrange, Tenn.; the middle of November reporting to Gen. John A.
Logan, and were assigned to duty as provost guard. Early in December marched to
Holly Springs, via Abbyville and Oxford. After the battle of Holly Springs w r ere
assigned to Gen McPherson's command, then proceeded to Moscow, Colliervil'e and
Memphis, and were assigned to duty at the navy yard, remaining until June 16, then
embarking for Vicksburg, re-embarking for Lake Providence, La, where they remain-
ed until the investment of Vicksburg began. Went to Millikin's Bend, May 1, com-
menced the march across the Delta to Pekin's Landing, advanced with McPherson's
command to the final investment of Vicksburg. After the surrender of that city,
remained there, making frequent incursions into the enemy's country until May,
1864, the term of service expiring on the 24th of May of that year.
The regiment was ordered to Springfield, 111., to muster out, when those who had
not re-enlisted as veterans received their final discharge. A sufficient number not
having enlisted to entitle them to retain their regimental organization, were consoli-
dated with the 8th 111. Inf., and were finally mustered out with that regiment in the
Spring of 1866.
There were 131 men from this county in the 17th, 4 were killed, 8 wounded, 8 died,
1 taken prisoner.
Lieutenant- Colonel.
Francis M. Smith, Qalesburg, e. 1861, term expired
June, 1864.
Chaplain.
Sanford A. Kingsbury, Galesburg, e. Dec. 23, 1861,
term expired June, 1864.
Company C.
Privates.
Allen, Cyrus. St. Augustine, e. May 25. 1861, pro 2d
lieut., term expired June, 1861.
Babbett, Joel. St Augustine, e. .May 25. 1841.
Combs, John T, Maquon, e. May 25/1801.
Fry, John, Maquon, e. May 25. 1361, discharged
Aug. 7. 1862.
Hughes, George, Maquon, May 25. 1861.
McGrew, John L., Maquon, e. May 25, 1861. dis-
charged June 12, 1862.
Robinson, Barney J., St. Augustine, e. May 25, 1861.
Recruits.
Ruble, George, Maquon, e. Jane 1, 1861.
Stinyard, Augustus. Yates City, e. Juue 1. 1861.
discharged Sept. 30, 1861, disability.
Company !>
Sanford M. Green, Oneida, e. May 2>, 1861, dis-
charged April 28, 1862, disability.
Corporals.
A. Curtiss Mathews, Altona, e. May 25, 1861, pro-
Is' lieut,, resiued Feb. 18, 1863.
John W. Davis.. Wata?a, e.May 25,1861, discharged
May 13, 1862.
Musicians.
Barnett M. Pippin, Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged March 29, 1862, disability.
Privates.
Brooks, Benjamin F, Victoria, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged Oct. 25, 1862. disability.
Beggs, Adouijah, Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged June 13, 1862. disability.
F)emsbur2. Henry, Altona, May 25. 1861, died May
19, 1862.
Guliher, Jason D, Knoxville, e. May 25, 1861.
Harrington, Isaac J., Victoria, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged April :;0. 1862, disability.
Harvey .John C., Altona. e. May 2.3, 1861, discharged
Oct 24, 1862, disability.
Jewell, Charles. Victoria, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 15, 1862, disability.
Kelloirg, Charles. Oueida. e May 25. 1861, acci-
dental y killed March 18. 186*.
McVicker. Alexander. Alioua, e. May 25. 1861.
Moore. William. Altora. e. May 25. 1861.
Mitchell, Joseph H., Altona. e. May 25. 1861.
Newton, Orlo C, Altona, e. May 25, 1861.
Olson, William C., Oneida, e. May 25. 1861, dis-
charged Sept. 4, 1862 wounds.
Risling.Samuel. Altona, e. May 25, 1861, killed at
Fort Donelson, Feb. 13, 1862.
c
o
X
CJ
CO
tu
O
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
317
Rogers, Jackson .T., Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 2, 1862. disability.
Reynolds, John W., Victoria, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged Nov. 4, 1861, disability.
Strong,John C., Altona, e. May 25, 1861, discharged
May 13, 1862.
Teter,David W., Altona, e. May 25, 1861, discharged
Dec. 20, 1862. disability.
Wales, Otis A., Altona, e. May 25, 18R1.
Wyman, Cornelius, Victoria, e. May 25, 1861. vet.,
transferred to Co. E, 8th infantry.
Walrath, Abraham E., Altona, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged June 14, 1862, disability.
Wedge, D. A., Victoria, e. May 25, 1861, vet.
Recruits.
Harvey, William H., Altona, Aug. 10, 1861, term
expired Aug. 10, 1865.
Johnson, Jonas, Wataga, e. Jan. 22, 1864, dis-
charged June 3, 1865, disability.
Iluch,Phillip J., Altona, e. May 25, 1861,transferred
to Co. E, 8th inf. pro corp'l, m. o. May 4, 1866.
Teter, Solomon C, Altona, e. Jane 17, 1861, m. o.
June 24, 1864.
Wales, Edwin M., Altona, e. Nov. 20, 1861, vet.,
transferred to Co. F, 8th inf., pro sergt, m. o.
May 4, 1866.
Company E.
Captains.
Francis M. Smith, Galesburg, e. April 19, 1861, pro.
to lieutenant-colonel.
Roderick R. Harding, Galesburg, e. May 20, 1861
resigned May 15, 1862.
George C. Smith, Galesburg, e. May 15, 1862, re-
signed Feb. 16, 1863.
William J. Merrill, Galesburg, e. Feb. 16, 1863
term expired June,1864.
First Lieutenant.
James C. Beswick. Galesbnrg, e. May 20, 1861.
David Clough, Galesburg, e. Feb. 16, 1863, term
expired June, 1864.
Second Lieutenant.
John H. Wells, Galesburg, e. Feb. 16, 1863, term
expired June, 1864.
First Sergeant.
Harlan P. Sumner, Galesburg, e. May 25. 1861, dis
charged March 29, 1862, disability.
Sergeants.
Chas. F. Matteson, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
George B. Willard, Gilson, e. May 25, 1861, vet.
transferred to 8ih infantry.
Corpora/it.
John C. Ewing, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis
charged April 24, 1862, disability.
Dolan Dorman, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Emerson Brand, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 12, 1862.
Horace Burtch, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Wesley Hughes, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Theodore A. Smith, Galesburg. e. May 25, 1871.
Nelson P. Noreue, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Musician.
Addison J. Filmore, Galesburg, e. May 85, 1861.
Privates.
Andrews,Satnuel J. M., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861
m. o. June 17, 1865.
Boam, Benjamin E., Galesbnrg. e. May 25. 1861.
Butler, Solon, Abingdon. e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged Nov. 1, 1861, disability.
Brothers, Franklin M., Henderson, e. May 25,1861
vet., transferred to Co. E, 8th infantry.
Benton, George W., Henderson, e. May 25, 1861,
died April 9. 186i, wounds.
Beam, Samuel D., Abingdon, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 16, 1862.
Jaker, Torralio, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Brown, Henry C., Galesburg,e. May 25, 1861, killed
at Vicksburg, July 4. 1863.
Beswick, William, Galesburg, e. May 25. 1861.
Busby, Thomas B., Galesburg, e. May 25.18dl.
'Jarson, Edward, Galesburg, e. May 25. 1861.
Courtney, George, Galesburg, e. May, 25, 1861, dis-
charged June 17, 1862, disability.
Jolville, Robert, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 16, 1862, disability.
3olbourn, John, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, killed
at Fort Donelson, Feb. 13. 1862.
3oe, Edward ( D., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Dunham, Mulford E., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861,
killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 13, 1862.
Erickson, Oloff, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 16, 1862.
Frantz, Christian, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Griffer, Joseph, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged Dec. 20, 1862.
Graham, Joseph, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged July 24, 1861.
Goddard,E. Miles, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, vet,,
m. o. May 28, 1866.
Gallant, Lloyd, Galesburg, e. May 25. 1861.
Gillett, W. Jasper, Abingdon, e. May 25. 1861.
Hughes, George, Galesburg, e. May 25. 1861.
Hughes, Albert S., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Hicks, Mason M., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged May 16, 1862.
Johnston, John C., Henderson, e. May 25, 1861.
Judson, Franklin, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Jackeon, William R., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861,
died April 8, 1862.
Lock, Alfonzo, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Lane, Elias F., Henderson, e. May 25, 1861.
Landon, Merrill R.. Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Lanni, August, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Leran, Charles, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged March 31, 1862.
Miles, John A., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Moore, Rufns H.. Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged April 24, 1862, disability.
Ostron, John H., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, trans-
ferred to gun-boat service, Feb. 2, 1862.
Olson, Charles, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Potter, Andrew J., Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged July 30, 1862.
Samuels, Jno. L., Henderson, e. May 25, 1661,
drowned Nov. 21, 1861.
Simcox. Robert, Henderson, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged June 13, 1862.
Stokes, Horace, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged Dec. 13, 1862.
Swanson, A. Swan, Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged April 28, 1862.
Spinner, Joseph F., Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, dis-
charged Aug. 2, 1862.
Thompson. Alexander, Galesburg. e. May 25, 1861,
discharged May 16, 1862, disability.
Temple, John, Galesbnrg, e. May 25, 1861.
VanBremer, Benjamin, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Vertrees, Chas. M., St. Augustine, e. May 25, 1861.
West, Julius B., Galesburg, e. May 25.1861.
Woolen, Robert, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, trans-
ferred to gun-boat Feb. 2, 1862.
Becruits.
Barrell, George W., Galesburg, e. March 28, 1862.
Booteii. John W., Abingdon, e. Dec. 11, 1863.
trans, to Co. B. 8th inf.. m.o. May 4, 1866.
Carpenter, Benjamin F., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861,
died April 12, 1862.
Fitch, Harman, Galeeburg, e. Dec. 4. 1861.
Graham, Joseph, Henderson Grove, e. Feb. 6. 1862.
Kilpatrick, Joseph. Oneida. e. June 15, 1861, dis-
charged April 30. 1862. disability.
Levhi, Charles. Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o.
May 28, 1866.
Lawson, William. Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864. trans,
to Co. B, 8th inf died Oct. 1, 1865.
318
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Linn, James H.. Gileon,e.May 25, 1861. vet., trans. i Privates.
to Co. B. 8th inf., m.o. May 28. 1866.
Long, Edwin G., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, died Alexander, R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet, m.
Feb. 21, 1864, wounds.
Moore, James H., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861, dis-
m. o. July 17, 1865, sersrt.
Graw, B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. m. o.
July 15, 1865.
Slouson, Rufus L., Galesburg, e. May 25, 1861, dis- Hanson, L. D.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. m.
charged June 17, 1862. o. July 17, 1865. sergt
charged Aug. 14. 1862.
Rose, Albert, Galesbnrg. e. May 25, 1861.
Stokes, Horace, Galesburg, e. May 25. 1861.
o. July 17,1865.
Goodnoch, B. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet.
Wells, John H., Galesburg, e. June 15, 1861.
Walker, Thomas R., Galecburg, e. May 25, 1861.
Parsons, Freeman, Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861, pris-
oner of war, m o. Feb. 2i. 1865.
Flowers, William H.. Galesbnrg, e. Dec. 2. 1863.
trans, to Co. B, 8th inf., died April 13, 1865.
COMPANY I.
First Lieutenant.
Theodore Glancey, Abingdon, e. May 25, 1861,
term expired June, 1864.
Privates.
McGrath, Joseph V., Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864,
trans, to Co. A, 8th inf., pro. corpl., m. o. May
4, 1866.
Miles, Isaac O., North Henderson, e. Aug. 12, 1861,
trans, to Co. A, 8th inf., diech. Aug. 11, 1864.
38th INFANTRY.
COMPANY i.
Coates, Nathan, Trnro, e. March 13, 1865, m. o.
Aug. 14, 1865.
Martin, William H., Rio, e. March 14. 1865.
McCarty, Edward, Rio, e. March 14, 1865.
McLean, David, Rio, e. March 14, 1865.
Powers, James, Rio. e. March 14, 1865.
Riley, Charles. Rio, e. March 14, 1865.
Slow, John, Douglass, e. March 4, 1865, m. o.
March 4. 1866.
Lowery. Albert H., Henderson. Co. H., e. March 13
1865, m. o. March 13, 1866.
30th INFANTRY.
COMPANY A.
Sergeant
Abner L. Titus. Knox Co., e. Aug. 12, 1861, dis
charged at Paducah, Feb. 27, 1862, wounds.
Rodgers, Albert, Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1861, m. o.
Sept. 3, 1864.
mith, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 27, 1861, died Feb.
8, 1862.
Valentine, J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1861, dis-
charged May 3, 1862, disability.
Roe. Silas J.. Indian Pt., e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 4, 1865.
COMPANY G.
First Lieutenant.
John McClure. Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, 1861, resigned
Sept. 15, 18t>4.
Captain.
David H. Wolf, Abingdon, e. Sept. 30. 1861,vet. m.
o. July 17, 1865.
Corporals.
Benj. F. Miller, Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, 1861, m. o.
1st sergt.
James A. Logan, Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, 1861, pro-
moted 1st lieut.
H. H. Hurst, Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, 1861, m. o.
July 17, 1865, let sergt.
Privates.
Dodson, R.. Abingdon, e Sept. 30, 1861, discharged
April 15, 1862, disability.
Purdue. J. W., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, 1861, died
at Ft. Donelson, April 4, 1862.
Ditts, J. W., Abingdon, e. Nov. 28, 1861.
Patterson, Aaron, Abingdon, e. Dec. 1, 1861.
Willett, D. B., Abingdon, e. Jan. 6, 1861, vet m.
o. July 17, 1865.
Willett, T., Abingdon, e. Jan. 6, 1861,vet. m.o. July
17, 1865.
33d INFANTRY.
Was organized at Camp Butler in 1861. Sept. 20, moved to Ironton, Mo., remained
during the winter. March, 1862, moved with the command of Gen. Steele, south-
ward, passing into Arkansas at Pitman's Ferry, and marching ma Pocahontas and
Jacusonport to Batesville, where it joined Gen. Curtis' army; thence via Jackson-
port, Augusta and Clarendon, to Helena. Was engaged in the battle of Cache, and
in many skirmishes. At the battle of Cotton Plant, Co. A., on skirmish line, met
and checked a charge of 2,000 Texan Rangers.
During July and August were camped 20 miles south of Helena, and engaged in
eight expeditions up and down the river. Sept. 1, was moved up the river to Sulphur
Springs, and thence to Pilot Knob. Nov. 15, moved to Van Buren, Ark. Made win-
ter campaign in Southeast Missouri. Was ordered to Ste. Genevieve, Mo., where,
with the command, it embarked for Milliken's Bend, La. Attached to the 1st Brig.,
1st Div., 13th Army Corps, it was engaged in all its battles, participating in the
battles of Foit Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, assault and siege of
Vicksburg and the siege of Jackson. In August, moved to New Orleans with 13th
Corps. In October engaged in the campaign up the Bayou Teche. Returned to
New Orleans in November. Thence ordered to Brownsville, Texas, but, before land-
ing, was ordered to Arkansas Pas. Disembarked on St. Joseph's Island, marched
up St. Joseph's and Matagorda Islands to Saluria, participating in the capture of
Fort Espeninza. Thence moved to Indianola and Port Lavaca. June 1, 1864, the
regiment re-.enlisted as veterans, and March 14 reached Bloomington, 111., and received
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
319
veteran furlough. April 10, 1864, was re-organized at Camp Butler, and proceeded to
New Orleans, arriving 29th and camping at Carrollton. May 17, ordered toBrashear
City. La. Soon after its arrival the regiment was scattered along the line of road as
guard. Sept. 17, 1864, the non-veterans, were started home, via New York city with
rebel prisoners in charge. March 2, 1363, ordered to join the 16th Army Corps.
Near Boutte Station ihe train was thrown from the track, and 9 men killed and 70
wounded. 18th Regiment embarked on Lake Ponchartrain for Mobile expedition.
Moved, via Fort Gaines and Navy Cove, landed on Fish River, Ala., and marched
with Gen. Canby's army up east side of Mobile Bay. March 27, arrived in front of
Spanish Fort, the main defense of Mobile, and until its capture, April 8, was actively
engaged. After the surrender of Mobile, marched for Montgomery, Ala. Here it
received the news of Lee and Johnson's surrender. Moved to Vicksburg, April 14,
1865. Mustered out of service Nov. 24, 1865.
The 33d Regiment had 106 men from Knox county; 2 were killed, 13 died, 5 were
wounded, and 4 were prisoners.
COMPANY A.
Privates.
Scott, Alexander E., Maquon. e. Aug. 21, 1861.
Scott, Thomas, Maquon, e. Aug. 21, 1861.
COMPANY B.
Loud, Silas J., Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, sick at
Nashville atm. o.
McQueen, Wm. W., Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m.
o. Nov. 24, 1865.
Parkinson, Jacob N., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864,
sick at m. o. regt.
Swanson, Neltz, Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, pris-
oner of war at m. o. regt.
Lang, Isaac N., Galesburg, e. Feb. 13, 1862.
COMPANY E.
Captain.
William H. Bryan, Galesburg, e. Aug. 27, 1861,
vet. m. o. Nov. 24, 1865.
firgt Lieutenant.
Clarendon A. Stone. Galesburg, e. Sept. 18, 1861,
resigned June 18, 1862.
Edward Marsh, Abingdon, e. June 22, 1863 re-
signed Jane 6, 1864.
Sergeant.
George A. Clarke, Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 14, 1861, dis-
charged Dec. 6, 1862, disability.
Corporals .
George H. Mnnroe, Galesburg, e. Aug. 19,1861,
discharged Dec. 22, 1862, disability.
Henry C. Ward. Galesburg. e. Aug. 15, 1861, dis-
charged Dec. 22, 1862, disability.
Privates.
Anderson, Abram P., Galesbnrsr, e. Aug. 14, 1861,
discharged Feb. 20, 1863. disability.
Butler, James N., Galesburg, e. Aug. 12, 1861.
Burner, John M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 27.1861, pro.
corporal, discharged Dec. 10, 1862, disability.
Borliogame. Spencer, Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1861,
re-eulisted as vet., died at Brashear City, July
14. 1864.
Burlingame, William D., Galesburg. e. Aug. ]9,
1861, wounded at Vicksburg, May 22. 1863.
Davis. James H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 26, 1861, killed
at Vicksbnrg, May "88, 1863.
Davis, John W., Abiugdon, e. Aug. 27, 1861.
Davis, Frank M., Galesbnrg. e. Aug. 19. 1861, died
at St. Louis, Oct. 19, 1862.
Irland, William, Galesburg, e. Aug. 16, 1861, died
at St. Louis, Nov. 11, 1862.
Moore, William B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, 1861.
transferred to Co. H.
Overstreet, Mitchell E.,Galesburg, e. Aug. 28, 1861.
discharged Nov. 27, 186a, disability.
Pisley, Prince W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 28, 1861, dis-
charged Nov. 17, 1862. wounds.
Pratt, Charles W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 23, 1861, re-
enlisted as vet., m.o. Nov. 24, 1865, as 1st ser-
geant.
White, George F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1861, re-
enlisted as vet., discharged May 13, 1865, as
corporal, disability.
Porter, John M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 23, 1861, re-
enlisted as vet, m.o. Nov. 24, 1865, as corporal.
Flecker, James H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 23. 1861, re-
enlisted as vet., discharged Nov. 29, 1864, dis.
Wiley. Walter S., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 6, 1861, re-
enlisted as vet., m.o. Nov. 24, 1865, as corporal.
Recruits.
Abbott, George W., St. Augustine, e. Nov. 6, 1861,
transferred to inf. corps, Jan. 15, 1864.
Simmons, Madison, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 6, 1861.
Watson. Jason L., Galesburg, e. Sept. 21, 1861,
killed at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863.
Watson, James H., Galesburg, e. Oct. 6. 1861, re-
enlisted as vet., m.o. Nov. 24, 1865, as corp'l.
Taylor. George W., Galesburg, e. Jan. 4, 1861, m.
o. Nov. 24, 1865.
COMPANY F.
Lewis, James M., Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, pris-
oner war at m.o. regiment.
Swanson, August, Galesburg, e. Feb. 19, 1864,
prisoner war, m.o. regiment.
COMPANY H.
Captains.
James A. McKenzie, Galesburg. e. Sept. 18, 1861.
resigned March 10, 1863.
George E. Smith, Galesburg, e. March 10, 1863, m.
o. Nov. 24, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Robert P. Williams, Galesburg, e. Sept. 18, 1861,
resigned July 1, 1863.
Emmet B. Chambers, Knoxville, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
m. o. Nov. 2t, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
John M. Ryland, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, re-
enlisted as vet.
John M. Follett, Galesbnrg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Nov. 24, 1865.
Privates .
Allen, Jesse, Maquon, e. Sept 19, 1861, vet., m. o.
Nov. 24. 1865.
Barrer, Thomas, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Nov. 21, 1865, as 1st sergeant.
Bay, James M., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet..
m. o. Nov. 24, 1865.
320
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Bay, Robert, Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 11, 1864.
Beare, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 18sil.
Boatman, Aaron, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet..
m. o. Nov. '24. 1865, corporal.
Cameron, John, Galesburg. e. Sept. 19, 1861, died
at Ironton. Mo., Jan. 7, 1863.
Carnes, Edward M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
discharged Sept. 29, 1863, disability.
Chapman, Grove L., Victoria, e. Sept. 19. 1861, vei.
discharged May 18, 1865, sergeant, wounds.
Conant, Reuben H., Galesburg, Sept. 19, 1861,
vet. m. o. Nov. -24, 1865, as sergeant.
Converse, Elbnr A.. Galesburg, e. Sept 19, 1861,
yet. m. o. Nov. 24, 1863.
Davis, James B.. Maquon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet.
discharged July 13, 1865, wounds.
Davis. William H., Maquon. e. Sept.jl9, 1861, died
at Arcadia, Mo., Dec. 19, 1861.
Ellison, James M., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
discharged Jan. 18, 1863, disability.
Fauble, Josiah F., Galesburg. e. Sent. 19, 1861,
discharged Nov. 16, 1862, disability.
Ferris, Frederick H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861.
vet. promoted 3d lieutenant 74th U. S. col. inf.
Freeze, Joseph, Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, dis-
charged May 30, 1862. disability.
Hatch, John F., Oneida, e. Sept. 19, 1861, corporal,
trans. Miss., marine brig., Feb. 22. 1863.
Hayes, Festns C., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, trans.
to vet. res. corps., March 15, 1864.
Hicks, Lauren Myron, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
died at Oldtown, Ark., Sept. 21, 1862.
Hitt. Loreii. Galesburg, e. Sept. 19,1861. m. o. Oct.
11, 1864.
Uyde, Jedediah S., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19,1861,
corporal, died at Helena, Aug. 19, 1862.
Ingle, John, Maquon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, discharged
Feb. 26, 1863, disability.
Jackson, Eli F., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet.
discharged Sept. 1. '65, as corporal, disability.
Jackson, Henry C., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
m. o. Oct. Jl, 1864. as corporal.
Jackson, James F, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
m. o. Oct. 11, 1864, as sergeant.
Jones, William, Knoxville, e. Sept. 19, 1861, died
at Ironton, Mo., Dec. 28, 1862.
Keyes, Asahel, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19,' 1861, dis-
charged Feb. 9, 1863, disability.
Martin, Arthur, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, died at
Terre Banne, La., Sept. 1, 1864.
Martz, Alexander, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 19, 1861
MeCay, Lewis R., Maquon. e. Sept. 19, 1861.
McHenry, Daniel, Maquon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet.
m. o. Nov. 24, 1865.
Mills, Joseph, Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, died at
Ironton, Mo., Nov. 25, 1862.
Mott. George W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, die
charged Oct. 15. 1861. disability.
Morgan, Albert W., Galesburg. e. Sept. 19, 1861,
trans, to vet. res. corps., March 15. 1864.
Keed. Matthew, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 19, 1861,
vet. pro. corporal.
Rodecker, William H., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19,
1861, traus. to Miss, marine brig, Feb. 22, 1863,
Smith, Samuel W., Maquon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet,
m. o. Nov. 24, 186).
Steel, Henry, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, 1861, m. o
Oct. 11, 1864.
Steel, Samuel F., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, 1861, dis
charged Sept. 30, 1862, disability.
Tripp, Augustus J., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861
corporal, died at Ironton, Dec. 2, 1861.
Recruits.
Brothers, Francis, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1863, diec
at St. Louis, Nov. 20. 1862.
Beoington, Hyrcann, Galesburg, e. Oct. 7. 1861.
Cemer, William II., Galesburg, Oct. 7, 1861, vet
died at Cairo, Nov. 14, 1864.
Fremole, William, Maquon. e. Oct. 7. 1831, vet. m
o. Nov. 24. 1865, as corporal.
Fletcher, Samuel, Galesburg, e. March 11, 1863.
Goddard, George V. R.. Galesburg, e. Oct.10, 1881
vet. m.o. Nov. 24, 1865, as corporal.
Howe, Charles, Galesb'irg. e. Feb. 4. 1832. trans
to Miss, marine brig. Feb. 22, 1863.
Miller, Swan, Galesburg. e. March 11, 1862, m.o.
March 11. 1865.
Miller, Jacob, Abingdon, e. Oct. 10, 1861, vet. m.o.
Nov. 2t, 1865.
Mott. Avin K , Galesburg, e. Feb. 21, 1854, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1855
Mitchell, Alexander, Rio. e. Feb. 1, 1865, died at
Vicksbnrg. Sect. 17. 1865.
Swazze, Benoni H.. Abingdou, e. Oct. 7, 1861, dis-
charged March 29, 1883, disability.
Swanson, Andrew, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1832, dis-
charged Aug. 31, 1862, disability.
Treadwell, Charles, Galesburg, e. Oct. 10, 1831,
discharged Nov. 26, 1862, disability.
Vanderwalker, Edward, Galesburg, e. Feb. 15,1864,
m.o. Nov. 24, 1865.
Woolsey, Isaac, Maqnon, e. Oct. 7, 1861, disch.
Jan. 22, 1882, disability.
COMPANY I.
oe, Robert B., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, 1861, vet.
m.o. Nov. 24, 1865, as sergeant.
oe. Davirt P.. Galesburg, e. Sept. 5. 1861, diech.
Jan. 27, 1863, wounds.
Davis, Daniel W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 18, 1861, dis-
charged Aug. IS. 1862, disability.
Kerrigan, Frank, Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865.
36th INFANTRY.
COMPANY A.
Boggs. Elijah, Victoria, e. Sept. 27,186}, m.o.
"June 15, 1865.
Brott, Chas. E., Copley, e. Sept 27, 1864, m. o.
June 15, 1865.
Cams, John N., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 17,1865.
England, George, Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 10, 1865.
Harrison, Jacob H., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 15, 1865.
Hurr, Edwin L.. Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 15, 1865.
McDowell, Mathew H., Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864,
m. o June 15, 1865.
Phillips, William, Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 15,1865.
Todd, Warfleld B., Victoria, e. Sept. 27, m. o.
June 15, 1865.
Warrenford, James, Persifer, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m.
o. June 15, 1865.
Wagher, Albert C., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 15, 1865.
COMPANY D.
Bassinger, John, Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1S64, m. o.
June 14, 1865.
Crawford, Robt. R., Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, killed
at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1861.
Kimler, William, Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1S64, died
Jeffersonville. Jan. 25, 1865, wounds.
Kimler. Walker, Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1364, m. o. Jun
14. 1865.
Lapham, Leroy. Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1861, m. o.
June 14. 1865.
Lapham, Edward. Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, killed at
Nashville, Tenn.. Dec. 16, 1864.
Patten, David M., Elba. e. Sept. 27, 1864, disch.
May 29, 1865, wounds.
Russell. Robt.. Elba. e. Sept. 27, 1S61, disch. June
14, 1865, pris. war.
Roath, Robt., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1861, m. o. May
29. 1865.
Tucker. John, Trnro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June
14. 1865.
Temple, John, Truro, e. Sept. 27,1864, m. o. June
30, 1865.
Zimmerman, Andrew J., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864,
m. O.June 14, 1865.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
321
COMPANY F.
Dilley, Washington, Persifer, e. Sept. 27, 1804, m.
o. June 14. 1865.
Grump, Nelson H., Persifer, e. Oct. 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 8, 1865.
Jamagen, Isaac M., Haw Creek, e. Sept. 27. 1864.
m. o. June 14, 1865.
COMPANY G.
Hapenstall, Charles. Indian Pt., e. Oct. 14, 1864
died at Quincy, Dec. 26, 1864, wounds.
COMPANY H.
Cook, Thomas G., Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, disch.
June 15, 1865.
COMPANY I.
Byram, Washington, Indian Pt.. e. Sept. 27, 1864,
died at Keokuk, April 11, 1865.
Blake, Alfred, Haw Creek, Sept. 27, 1864, died at
Quincy, Jan. 3, 1865.
Clark, Newton G., Haw Creek, e. Sept. 27, 1864,
m. o. June 14, 1865.
Martin, William, Indian Pt., e. Sept. 27, 1864, m.
o. June 14, 1865.
Shay, Moses. Indian Pt., e. Sept. 27,1864, m. o.
June 14, 1865.
Tatten, David H., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o.
June 14. 1865.
Tales, David H., Indian Pt.. e. Sept. 27, 1864.
7h INFAXTRY.
COMPANY^ B.
Sergeant.
Henderson B. Bleakley. Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861,
disch. Sept. 1, 1862, disability.
Prlvatet.
Buff am, Emery S., Altona. e. Aug. 19, 1861.
Buffum. John W.. Altona, Aug. 19, 1861, vet., m.
o. March 27. 1866.
Baruey, Win. H., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet., m.
o. May 1, 1866.
Crogan. Peter, Lynn, e. Aug 19, 1861, m. o. Oct.
4, 1S64.
Dudley, George W., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 4, 1864.
Dudley Charles, Lynn, e. Aug 19, 1861, disch. Aug.
19, 1861.
Ellsworth, Alma, Lynn, Ausr. 19, 1861, disch. Jan.
26, 1865.
Lee, Kicbard M. J., Lynn, P. Aug. 19, 1861, vet.
killed by guerrillas, April 25, 1865.
Miner, Martin V. B., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, disch.
Jan. 26. 1865.
Patrick, Wm. M., Lynn., e. Aug. 19, 1861, disch.
Jan 4, 1864.
Reed, Isaac W., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet., m. o.
Sept. 24, 1-64.
Reed, Ira C.. Jr., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet., m.
o. May 15, 1866.
Sellon, Brodia, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1831, m. o. Oct.
4, 1861.
Steri.s, John O., Lynn. e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet, m. o.
March 6, 1866. sergt.
Wyman. James. Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, diech. Oct.
14, 1862, wound?.
Whitebead, Albert, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, m. o.
Sept. 29. 1864.
Wilkinson, T., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, m. o. Oct.
4. 1864.
42d INFANTRY.
Was organized at Chicago, July 22, 1861. Moved to St. Louis Sept. 21, 1861 ; jointd
Maj.-Gen. Hunter at Tipton, Mo, Oct. 18, 1861, and was assigned to Col. Palmer's
brigade. Arrived at Warsaw, Oct. 25. Moved, Nov. 1, at 10 o'clock, P. M., and reached
Springfield, Mo., a distance of 97 miles, at 4 o'clock, P. M., on the 4th. Moved from
Springfield on the 9th, and went into winter quarters at Smithton, Mo. Marched
from Smithton. Feb. 3, 1862, to St. Charles, Mo. Arrived at Fort Holt, Kan , Feb.
20. Occupied Columbus, March 4, 1862. Moved to Island No. 10, March 15, and was
engaged until its surrender on the llth of April. Col. Roberts, with 50 men of Co.
A., spiked 6 guns of the enemy on the night of April 1; joined Gen. Pope's army
llth; moved to Fort Pillow, 14th; moved to Hamburg, Tenn., arriving April
22. Was engaged in the siege of Corinth. Engaged in the battle of Farming-
ton, May 9, 1862, losing 2 killed, 12 wounded, and 3 missing. Led the advance
in the pursuit of Beauregard's army to Baldwin, Miss. The 42nd occupied Court-
land, Ala., from July 25 until Sept. 3, 1862, when it left for Nashville, Tenn.
Skirmished with the enemy Dec. 30, and was engaged in battle of Stone River
Dec. 31, with loss of 22 killed, 116 wounded, and 85 prisoners. Engaged in the
pursuit of Van Dorn. June 24, entered upon the Tullahoma campaign. July
31, camped at Bridgeport, Ala. Sept. 2, engaged in the Chattanooga campaign ;
marched to Alpine, Ga., thence to Trenton, and crossed Lookout Mountain. En-
gaged Sept. 19 and 20 in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., losing 28 killed, 128
wounded, and 28 prisoners, and retreated to Chattanooga. Nov. 28, engaged in
the battle of Mission Ridge, lost 5 killed and 40 wounded, being on the skir-
mish line during the whole engagement. Jan. 1, 1864, regiment re-enlisted; en-
tered Atlanta campaign May 3; was engaged at Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca,
Adairsville, New Hope Church, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree
Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station, encamping at Atlanta Sept. 8. Total
loss in the campaign, 20 killed, 89 wounded, and 7 prisoners. June 15, moved by
rail to Johnsonville, Tenn., and thence by water to New Orleans, and camped at
Chalmette June 23. Jan. 10, 1866, received final payment and discharge.
Ninety-eight men from Knox county were in Co. C. of the 42nd Regiment; 15
were killed, 20 wounded, 12 died, and 4 were taken prisoners.
322
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Colonel.
Nathan H. Walworth, Oneida, e. July 22, 1861,
resigned April 13, 1804.
Major.
James Leighton, Oneida, e. July 22, 1861, killed
Sept. 20, 1863.
Surgeon.
John H. Goddard, Sparta, April 29, 1865, m.o. Dec.
16, 1865.
Sergeants Majors.
Percy St. Clair, Oneida, Sept. 3, 1861, disch. Oct-
4, 1862, disability.
Gilbert A. Parshall, Oneida, Aug. 10, 1861, pro.
Captain Co. B., killed in action, Nov. 29, '64.
Musicians.
Wm. G. Millsom, Oneida, , died July 23, 1864.
J. M. Howland, Oneida. e. Jan. 1, 1S61, m. o. Dec.
16, 1865.
COMPANY C.
Captains.
L/Preston, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, '61, died Dec. 31. '63.
Orville Powell, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, pris. at
Libby, vet., m. o. Dec. 16, 1865, wounds.
First Lieutenants.
Nicholas P. Furguson, Walnut Grove, Dec. 24,
1861, resigned June 13, 1862.
Brainard J. Powell, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, killed
at Resaca, May 15, 1864.
J. Stark, Oneida, Aug. 10, '61, vet, m.o. Dec. 16/65.
Second Lieutenants.
Egbert M. Scudder, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861. re-
signed Feb. 24, 1865.
John Wallace, Oneida, , vet., m.o. Dec. 16, 1865.
Sergeants.
A. A. Walker, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m.o. Sept. 16, 1864.
N. B. Sweet, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans, to V. K. C.
Corporals.
Geo. E. Mosher, Oneida, Aug. 10, 1861, died a 1
Tipton, Mo., Jan. 2, 1862.
Andrew Neeley, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Aug. 18, 1864, as sergt., wounds.
John Aberdeen, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 10, 1861,
sergt., w'nd at Stone River, d'ch. Apr. 20, - 63.
George W. Burt, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans, to
invalid corps.
Bo. Peter, Oneidu.
Calkins, Calvin, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Jan. 1. 1864, wounds.
Cornish, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m.o. Sept.
16, 1864.
Carver, Luther R., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, in. o.
Sept. 16, 1864, wounded.
Cooley, Orion R.. Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.
o. July 15, 1865, pris.
Cooley, Sam'l H., Oneida, e. Aug. 16, 1861. disch.
May 2, 1862.
longer, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1861.
Ihapman, Asa, Oneida, e. Aug. 16, 1801, trans, to
Eng. corps Sept. 18, 1861.
Edgertun, Rollin H., vValnut Grove, Aug. 10, 1861,
died at Annapolis, Dec. 20, 1864.
Eaves, Jesse T., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 10. 1861,
vet., m. o. Dec. 16, 1865, wounded.
Erickson. Alfred, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, wound-
ed at Stone River, trans, to V. R. C.
Feeley. Thomas, Oneida, e. Sept. 13, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Dec. 16, 1865. wounded.
Feeley, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans, to
V. R. C.
Gardner, Benjamin F., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861,
killed at Mission Ridge.
Goodair, James B.,Walnut Grove,e. Aug. 10, 1861.
died May 30, 1864. wounded.
Gnthrie, J., Oneida, Sept. 17, '61, trans, to V.R. C.
Hanson, John, Oneida, Aug. 16, 1861, trans, to V.
R. C., wounded at Mission Ridge.
Hawland, Joseph, Oneida, Aug. 16, 1861, killed at
Chickamauga.
Hand, George W., Oneida, Aug. 20, 1861, trans, to
V. R. C.
Hand, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, 1861, discharged
Dec. 17, 1862.
Hulse, Lewis V.. Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 16, 1865.
Holt, Martin V., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o.
Sept. 16, 1864.
Higgins, Orlando L.. Oneida. e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet.,
discharged June 5, 1865, prip., wounded.
Hawks, Valentine, Victoria, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans.
to eng. corps Sept. 18, 1861.
Judson. Whitcomb, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet..
disch. May 11, 1865, wounds.
Jones, Owen R., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 16, 1865 as sergeant.
Johnson, Charles, Oneida, e. Aug. 22, 1861, killed
at Stone River.
Leonard, Henry F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10. 1861,
vet., m. o., LtC. 16, 1865, as sergeant, wounded.
Lamphere, Alonzo, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
disch. July 6. 1865, as corporal, wounded.
Lamphere, Joseph, Oneida, e. Aug. 16, 1861, died
June 25, 1862.
Linquist, Charles. Oneida, Aug. 22, 1861. vet., m.
o. Dec. 16, 1865, as corporal, wounded.
McConnell, Peter, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet.,
Privates.
Camp Worth, Mo., Dec. 16, 1861.
Anderson,D. E.. Oneida. e. Antr. 10, '61, vet.,V.R.C.
Anderson, C. <J.. Oneida. e. Aug. 10, 1861, killed at
ChlcamsuK*.
Allen, A. E., Walnut Grove, e. Ang. 10. 1861, died
at Tipton, Mo., Dec. 9, 1861.
Anderson, Chas. W., Oneida, e. Sept. 8, 1861.
Bnrt, Francis, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1801, killed at Maynard, Stanley, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861
Stone River, Dec. 30, 1862.
Burt. William, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
Nashville, Tenn., April 5, 1864.
Bnrt, Jas., Oneida. e. Ang. 22, 1861, died at Camp
Hunter, Mo.. Nov. 22. 1861.
Bartholomew, Alfred, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, 1861.
died at Bridgeport, Ala.. Aug. 20, 1863.
Barton, James, Oneida. e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 16, 1865, as corporal.
Bryant, Allen J., Walnut Grove.
Booher, David, Oneida.
Barnes, T. J., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1801, trans, to
vet. res. corps.
m. o. July 15, 1865, as corporal, pris.
Mclntosh, George D., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861,
disch. Dec. 17, 1862, disability.
Andreas. P. B., Oneida. e. Ane. 10. 1861, died at McCornack, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
died May 28, 1864.
McKanckie, Robert, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, 1861,
trans, to V. R. C.
McKanckie, William, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1S61,
killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864.
Maxwell, Thomas J., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861,
killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
Nofscar, Jacob, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
Keokuk, Iowa, July 17, 1862.
Purdey, James, Oneida, e. Aug, 16, 1861, wounded
at Stone River, trans, to V. R. C.
Pierce, Patrick H., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans.
to V. R. C.
Piatt, Jacob, Altona. e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet., pro.
corporal, m. o. Dec. 16, 1865.
Pierce, Wm. H. H.. Altona, e. Aug. 22, 1861,
wounded twice, m. o. Sept. 16, 1864.
Roach, Edward, Altona.
Reynolds, Warren Altona, e. Aug. 16, 1861, killed
at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
323
Rice, George, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, discharged
July 15, 1862, disability.
Shamp. Joseph S., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861. trans,
to V. R. C.
Scudder, Giles B., Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, dis-
charged Aug. 25, 1863, disability.
Starr, William A., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 10, 1861,
discharged Sept, 24, 1862.
Sullivan, Michael, Oneida,
Strain, Milton, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, discharged
April 19, 1862, disability.
Shaw, Charles, Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1861, trans,
to regiment band.
V. R. C.
Tynan, William, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Dec. 16, 1865.
Thomas, Hubert J.. Oneida, e. Aug. 16, 1861, killed
by railroad accident, October 16, 1864.
Thomas, P. J.. Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1861, dis-
charged April 7. 1862, disability.
Thompson, David, Oneida, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans,
to eng. corps, Sept. 18, 1861.
Whiting, Wilbert L., Altona, e. Aug, 10, 1861,
vet., killed at Calhoun, Ga., May 16; 1864.
Recruits.
Anderson, Calvin B., Wataga.
Fowler, David W.,Oneida, killed at Mission Ridge,
Nov. 25. 1863.
McCreery, Henry, Altona, e. March 8, 1865, died
June 3. 1865.
Starr, James T., Altona, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans, to Spencer, Marion, Altona, e. March 8, 1865, m. o.
Dec. 16, 1865.
Voris, Mills, Oneida, e. March 11, 1862, disch. June
24, 1864, wounds.
Wallace, John, vet., m. o. Dec. 16, 1865, as 1st
sergeant.
43d INFANTRY.
The 43rd Infantry was organized at Camp Butler in September, 1861, by Col.
Julius Raith. Oct. 8 the regiment was ordered to St. Louis. Feb. 6, 1862, moved to
Fort Henry, arriving on the 10th; 18th moved to Fort Donelson. March 4, moved to
Bell's Landing, and 14th arrived at Savannah, Tenn. ; 22nd moved to Pittsburg
Landing. The strength or' the regiment was then 610 men. The regiment was in
the two days' bloody battle of Shiloh, losing in killed and wounded 200. "Was
engaged during the siege of Corinth. In the spring of 1863, 200 men of the regiment
were monnted,"by order of Brig.-Gen. Mason Brayman, commanding post, and did
excellent service capturing guerrillas. At Jenkin's Ferry, the army of Kirby Smith
having come up, they were attacked with great fury. The 43rd, and a section of
Vaughn's Battery, being rear guard, were first attacked; loss in this battle, 700; but
that of the enemy over 2,000. About 4,000 men engaged the enemy's force, which
amounted to 20,000 men. May 3, arrived at Little Rock, Ark., where the regiment
was mustered out Nov. 30, 1865.
The 43rd Regiment had 83 men from Knox county; 1 was killed, 3 were wounded,
and 14 died.
Surgeon.
Hugh M. Starkloff. Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861.
term ex. Dec. 16, 1864.
COMPANY C.
Captains.
Oloflf S. Edvall, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, died
May 7, 1862.
Carl Arosenius, Galesburg, trans, to Co. A, con.,
m. o. Nov. 30, 1865..
First Lieutenants.
John P. Andberg, Galesburg, trans, to Co. A, con.,
term ex.
Second Lieutenants.
Nels P. McCool, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, died,
Nels Knntson, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1851, trans,
to Co. A, con., term ex.
First Sergeant.
Magnus M. Holt, Qalesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
June 14, 1862, wounded.
Sergeants.
Nels Nelson, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861.
Nels Anderson, Galesburg. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
May 22, 1862, disability.
Corporals.
Gustaf A. Anderson, Galesburg, e. Pept. 1, 1861,
vet., trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Charles Cling, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30. 1865.
Oloff A. Hallfast, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con,, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Peter Bentzson, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Adolph Larson, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
Sept. 4, 1862, disability.
John Paulson, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, m. o.
Sept. 26, 1864.
Privates.
Anderson, Andrew J., Wataga, e. Sept. 1, 1861'
vet., trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865'
Anderson, Lewis J., Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861i
died at St. Louis, June 14, 1862.
Anderson, William, Wataga, e. Sept. 1, 1861, died
at Hebron, Miss., Aug. 15, 1863.
Botelson. Nels, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
Oct. 11, 1862, wounded.
Benning Henry, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
July 8, 1863, disability.
Erickson, John A., Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861,
disch. April 29, 1862, disability.
Eugstrom, Andrew, Wataga, e. Sept. 1,1861, musi-
cian, vet., trans, to Co. A. con., m.o. Nov. 30,'65.
Dudley, David A.,Galesbnrg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, wag-
oner, m. o. Sept. 16, 1864.
Harpman, William, Victoria, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
Aug. 14, 1862, disability.
Johnson, Chas., Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
Sept. 9, 1862, disability.
Johnson, Jno., Wataga, e.Sept. 1, 1861, died at He-
lena, Ark., Aug. 21, 1863.
Johnson, Charles P., Ontario, e. Sept. 1, 1861, m.
o. Sept. 26, 1864.
Lundquist, John, Victoria, e. Sept. 1, 1861, died at
St. Louis, Feb. 4, 186-2.
Malmberg, Swen P.,Galesburg, e. Sept. l,1861,vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con., diech. Sept. 2, 1865, dis.
Nelson, Swen A., Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, died
at Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 30, 1863.
Nelson, Weste, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, ,1861, died
at Little Rock, Dec. 16, 186.
324
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Nelson, Louis, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con., m o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Olson, Sweu, Knoxville, e. Sept. 1. 1801, disch.
June 21, 1862, wounded.
Olson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1801, m. o.
Sept, 26, 186 1.
Olson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1801, died at
Savannah, Tenn., April 10, 1802.
Olson, William, Wataga, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con., m.o. Nov. 30,'65,as corp'l.
Olson, Swen T., Galesburg, e. Sept 1. 1861, vet.,
trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Peterson, Nels C., Knoxville, e. Sept. 1,1861. vet..
trans. Co. A, con., died at Knoxville Jan. 24,'65.
Peterson, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet..
trans, to Co. A. con., m.o. Nov. 30, '65, as corp'l.
Peterson, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861.
Peterson, Olof, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
Nov. 8. 1862, disability.
Peterson, Nels N., Galesburg. e. Sept. 1, 1861,
trans, to inv. corps, Nov. 15, 1863.
Peterson, Swen M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861,
vet., trans, to Co. A. m. o. July 31, 1865.
Peterson, Swen, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861.
Sandberg, Andrew, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861,
m. o. Sept. 26, 1861.
Swenson, Swen E., Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861.
Swenson Swen, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, vet.
died at Little Rock Sept. 15, 1364.
Swenson, Begt, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, disch.
Sept. 6, 1862, disability.
Recruits.
Anderson, James, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864,
trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Esping, Exel, Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, 1864, trans.
to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1805.
Holt, Magnns L., Galesburg, e. Feb. 29. 186*, pro.
to 113th U.S.C.T.
Huttbnrg, Samuel P., Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, 1861,
trans, to Co. A, con., m.o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Hockoml), Magnns, Galesbnrg, e. March 11, 1864,
trans, to Co. s A, con., m.o. May 25, 1865.
Johnson. William, Galesburg, e. Jan. 15, '64, trans
to Co. A, con., died at Mound City Oct. 25. 1864.
Jacobeon, John, Galesburg. e. March 11, '64, trans.
to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Johnson, Charles. Galesbnrg, e. March 1, '64, trans
to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Johnson, John, Galesburg, e. March 21, 1864, trans.
to Co. A, con., m.o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Larson, John, Lynn, e. March 25, 1864, trans, to
Co. A, con., m. o, Nov. 30, 1865.
Mengerson, Samuel A., Galesburg, e. March 27.
1864, Iran?, to Co. A. con. m.o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Peterson, Swen, Galesburg, e. Nov. 25, 1863, trans.
to Co. A, con., rn.o. Nov. 30, 186o.
Samuelson, Charles A., Galesburg, e. March 11,
1864, trans, to Co. A, con., m.o. Nov. 30, 1865.
William, Gnstaf, Gales' urg, e. Feb. 29, 1864. trans,
to Co.A,con.,died at Little Rock, Oct. 16, 1864.
COMPANY E.
Kaser,Jobann, Galesburg, e. Sept. 1, 1861, killed at
Shiloh April 6, 1802.
COMPANY C.-(ConsolidatecI Infan-
try).
Recruits.
Anderson, C. F., Sparta, e. Feb. 1, 1865, m. o. Nov
30, 1865.
Anderson, Charles, Lynn, e. March 10, 1865, m.o
Nov. 30, 1865.
Johnson, John F., Lynn, e. March 10, 1865, died at
Little Rock, Oct. 22, 1865.
Lunstrnm, Gustave F., Lynn, e. March 24, 1865, m.
o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Ryddall, Swen, Lynn, e. March 24, 1865, m.o. Nov.
30, 1865.
Strum, E., Lynn, e. March 10, '65, m o. Nov. 30,'65.
Swanson, L., Lynn, e. March 10, 1865, m. o. Nov.
30, 1865.
Johnson, Samuel, Lynn, e. March 10, 1865, m. o
June 16, 1865.
Johnson, C., Lynn, March 10, '65,m.o.June 11, '65
COMPANY K.
Sergeant.
J. M. Harris, Abingdon, e. Mar. 29, '65, m. o. Aug.
25, 1865.
Corporals.
James E. Walls, Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m.
O. Nov. 30, 1865, as eergt.
John T. Calhonu, Abingdon, e. March 29, 186'..
m. o. Nov. 30, 1805.
Robert M. Hamilton, Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865,
m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Sylvester Fleming, Abingdon, e. March 29,1865,
m. o. Nov, 30. 18'i5.
W. F. Spence, Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o.
Nov. 30, 1865.
Priva'es.
Henry, Anthony, Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m.
o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Ogle, Thomas N., Abingdon. e. March 29, 1865, m.
o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Shoemaker, Solomon S., Abingdon, e. March 29.
1865, m.o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Murbary, Charles, Lynn, e. March 24, 1865.
45th INFANTRY.
The Washburne Lead Mine Regiment was organized at Chicago, Dec. 25, 1861.
Mustered into service as the 45th Infantry Jan. 15, 1862, moved to Cairo, 111., Feb. 11 ;
moved toward Fort Donelson, and during the succeeding days bore its part of the
suffering and of the battle. The flag of the 45th was the first planted on the enemy's
works. Loss, 2 killed, 26 wounded. The 45th took a conspicuous and honorable-
part in the two days' battle of Shiloh, losing 26 killed, 199 wounded and missing
nearly half the regiment. On the 5th marched to Bethel, 7th to Montezuma, and on
8th to Jackson, Tenn., the enemy flying at its approach. Mustered out July 12, 1865.
at Louisville, Ky., and arrived at Chicago, July 15, 1865, for final payment and
discharge.
The 45th Eegiment contained 79 men from Knox county; 5 were killed, 6 wound-
ed, 9 died, and 1 was taken prisoner.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
325
CO IIP AX V I.
Horton, James W., Victoria, e. Oct. 23, 1861, dis-
charged Jan. 17. 1882.
Riggs, C , Abingdou, e. Mar. 29,'tj5, m.o.July7,'65.
COMPANY Ji.
Captain.
Benjamin F. Holcomb. Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, 1881,
term ex. Dec. 24, 18154.
Firt Lieutenants.
J. Graj,Wataga, e Dec 24, '61, term ex. Dec.24,'64.
Augustas W. Dole*, Henderson, e. Dec. 25, 1864.
vet. m.o. July 12, 1865.
Second Lieutenants.
Luther B. Hunt. Wataga, e. Dec. 2 I, 1861, resigned
June 1, 1862.
Wm. H. H. Amett. Qalesburg, e. July 9, 1865, m.o.
July 12, 1865, vet.
Sergeants.
R. Fraser, Wataga, e. Sept. 16, '61, m.o. Dec. 23,'6t.
Edward R. Huxley, Henderson, e. Oct. 15, 1861,
discharged June 1, 1863, wounded.
Horace M. Kicker, Wataga, e. Sept. 1, 1861, m.o.
Dec. 23, 1864.
Corporals.
Isaac Sines, Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861, sergt.,killed
at Vicksburg, June 26 1863.
John Gordon, Wataga, e. Sept. 23, 1861, died at Tbomas, Hiram Wataga, e. Sept. 18, 1861, vet., in.
Savannah April 24, 1862, w>>undf>.
Ambrose A. Thorpe, Wataga, e. Oct. 23,11831, dis-
charged Dec. 12, 1*63.
Jonathan Collingwood, Wataga, e. Sept. 23, 1861,
m.o. Dec. 2!, 1864.
Sidney M. Smith, Wataga, e. Sep. 30. 1861, m.o.
Dec. 23. 1864.
Benjamin F. Baker, Wataga. e. Sfpt. 18 1861 died Taylor, Nathan S., Wataga, e. Sept.
at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 27, 188-'. charged Dec. 24, 1861, disability.
George W. Greer, Wataga. e. Sept. 23, 1861, killed
at Shiloh, April 6, 1862.
Musicians.
Charles M. Denison, Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1801, died
at St. Louis, May 15, 1862.
Cyrns C. Logan, Altona, e. Sept 25, 1861, dis-
charged April 28, 1862, disability.
Privates.
Buckman, Peter, Wataga, e. Sept. 17, 1861. killed
at Shiloh, April fi, 1862.
Bilton, John. Wataga. e. Oct. 10. 1861, discharged
Sept. 26, 1862, disability.
Bunker, Dwight, Henderson, e. Oct. 10, 1861, dis-
charged Oct. 19, 1862, wounds'.
Cole, Stephen D., Galesburg, e. Nov. 4 1831, dis-
charged April 30, 1862, wounds.
Comstock, John, Henderson, e. Oct. 5 1861 m o
Dec. 24, 1864.
Conley, Lindsey G., Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861, dis-
charged May 15, 1862.
Doles, Albert O., Henderson, e. Oct. 2, 1861, died
at Quincy April 21, 1862.
Delain, Olof, Wataga. e. Sept. 17, 1861.
Denton, Henman F., Wataga, e. Sept. 24, 1861, dis-
charged July 23, 1862, disability.
Eastman, Alfred A., Wataga, e. Oct. 22, 1861, dis-
charged June 22, 1862, disability.
Eastman, Edward H., Wataga, e. Oct. 22, 1861, dis-
charged June 22. 1862, disability.
Fulford, Charles W., Wataga, e. Nov. 11, 18Cl,vet.
trans, to U. S. Navy.
b o: DHl08 - Wataga. e. Sept. 16, 1861, died at
Shiloh April 18, 1802.
Henderson, William S.. Knoxville. e. Sept. 24, 1861.
vet. m.o. July 12, 1865.
19
H-ilstan, Samuel. Tlender-xvi e. Oct. 8. 1851, dis
charged July 21, 1862, disability.
Hawks, Richard, Henderson, e. Oct. 10. 1861, vet,
m.o. July 12, 1865.
Lewi*, Quintus C., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, IbOl, died
at Vicksburg Oct. 30, 1863.
Laird, Allen, Wataga, e. Sept. 23, 1861, vet. m. o.
July 12, 1865, as corpl.
McClure, Hugh, Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861, in. o.
Dec. 2:(, 1864.
McCleery, Solomon, Wataga, e. Sept. 18, 1861, dis-
charged July 23 1862, disability.
Matterson, George H., Knoxville, e. Oct. 2, 1861,
m.o. Dec. 23. 1864.
Nash, Joseph. Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861.
Kendall, Joshua, Henderson, e. Nov. 11, 1861, vet.
trans, to U. S. Navy.
O'Brien, Henry, Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861.
Ohlson, Nels, Wataga, e. Sept. 17. 1861, discharged
June 24. 1862.
Piper, Benjamin, Wataga, e. Oct. 2, 1862, vet. m.o.
July 12, 1865, as corp'l.
Paddock, Daniel, Wataga, e. Dec. 3, 1861, dis-
cbarzed Oct. 1, 1863, disability.
Ricker,W M Wataga, e Sept. 23,'6t, disch.Aug. 2,'62.
Rowe, Anson, Jr., Wataga, e. Sept. 18, 1861, died
at Padncah, Ky., March 6, 1862.
Ramsey, Alfred B., Knoxville, e. Sept. 23, 1861. vet.
died at Audersonville prison, grave No. 176">.
Shumate, Joshua B.. Henderson, e Sept. 30, 1861,
vet. m. o. July 12, 1865.
Soner, George W., Henderson, e. Oct. 8, 1861,vet.,
m. o. July 12, 1865, as eergt.
Sweet, Henry P., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, 1861, died
Aug. 22, 1863.
Smith. J.. Wataga, e. Sept 16, '61, m.o. Dec. 23, '61.
o. July 12, 1865.
Thorp, Orville R., Wataga, e. Sept. 28, 1861, vet.,
m.o. July 12, l.-'65, as corp'l.
Taylor, William C. Jr.,Watasa, e. Oct. 20, 1861, vet.
pro. to 1st Heat, and Q,. SI.
Tebbetts, William H , Wataga. e. Oct. 22, 1861,
killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862.
16, 1861, dis-
Wandless, Joseph, Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861, dis-
charged Sept. 4. 1862, wounded.
Wentworth, Milton, Wataga, e. Oct. 18, 1861, dis-
charged Dec. 5, 1862. disability.
Williams, Joseph S., Wataga, e. Sept. 16, 1861.
Wilks, T., Wataga, e. Sept. 16, '61, m.o. Dec. s!3,'64.
Wild, J.. Wataga, e. Oct. 13,1861, died at Cairo,Feb.
27, 1862.
Yancy.Walter C.,Wataga, e. Sept. 23, 1861, killed at
Shiloh, April 6, 1862.
Yancy, J.. Wataea, e. Dec. 16, 1861, disch. July 20,
1862, disability.
Recruits.
oiling. W., Wataga, e. Feb. 1. 1862, discb. Aug. 18,
1862. wounded,
lapp, H. U., Galesburg, e. Mar. 27, 186 1, m. o. July
12, 186:x
Doles, G. M., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m.o. July
12, 1865.
Morse, Augustus, Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864, m. o.
July 12. 1865.
Morse. G. N.. Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Merrick, Stephen F.. Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865,
m. o. July 12. 1865.
Osborn, Stephen S., Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864, m.
o. July 12. 1865.
Rouse, Benj. F., Oneida, e. June 23, 1862, m. o.
June3, 1865, corpl.
Roberts, Geonre B., Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864. m.
o. July 12, 1865.
Shumate. W. H., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Fisk, T.. Henderson, e. Feb. 7,'6t,m.o. July 12.'65.
Thorp, C. O., Wataga. e. Feb. 25, 1864, m. o. July
12. 1865.
Tye, T., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, '65, m.o. July 12,'65.
326
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
47th INFANTRY.
COMPANY A.
Nims, Herbert. Altona. e. Aug. 16, 1861.
Kims, O. L., Altona, e. Aug 16,'61, m.o. Oct.11,'6
COMPANY C.
Captain,
A. C. Hoptanstall, Galesburg, tn.o. Jan. 21, 1866.
Corporal.
Wilmore B. Aaron. Yotes City. e. Aug. 18, 1861, die
charged May 18, 1862, disability.
Privates.
Adams, .T. M., Elba. e. Aug. 18, 1881,disch. Apr
28, 1863, disability.
Faith, W. J., Yates City, e. Aug. 18, 1861, vet.,corpl
trans. Co. B . con.
Green. J., Yates City. e. Aug. 18, '61, m.o. Oct. 11. '64
Holcorab, Samuel R,. Maquon, e. Aug. 18, 186
discharged March 27. 1863, disability.
Kiofler. John W., Maquon, e, Aug, 18, 1861, m. o
Aug. 18, 1861.
Null. Samuel. Yate* City, e. Aug, 18, 1861, disch
Nov. 20, 1862, disability.
COMPANY E.
Sergeants,
Edward O'Connor, Elba. e. Feb. 15, 1865, died a
Selma. Ala., Oct. 24, 1865,
Richard Walch. Elba, e. Feb. 16, 1865, died at Sel
ma, Ala., Oct. 12. 1865.
James Haley, Indian Pi., e. Feb. 28, 1865.
Corporals.
Dennis O'Connor, Sparta, e. Feb, 21, 1865, m. o
Jan. 21, 1866, as sergt,
James Fahey, Victoria, e, Feb. 20, 1865, m. o. Jan
21. 1866, as sergt.
P.Daniels, Indian Pt.,e. Feb. 21, '65, m.o. Jan. 21, '66
Privates.
Burk. Thomas. Yates City, e. Ang. 16, 1861,
O'Rouke, Michael, Victoria, e. Feb. 16. 1861.
Byrne, J., Victoria, e. Feb. 16. '65, m. o. Jan. 21,' 66
Brady. M.. Elba, e. Feb, 16, '65. m. o. Jan. 21, '66
Bulsrer, J., Indian Ft, e. Feb. 16, '65, m.o. Jan.21,'68
Dunnigan, John, Indian Pt. e. Feb. 28, 1865.
Dermont. B.,Indian Pt.,e.Feb,21.'65,m.o. Jan,21.'66
Fisher, Francis, Elba, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. Jan
21. 1866, as corpl.
Hanley, James. Indian Pt.. e. Jan. 27, 1865.
Hennessey, W..Victoria.e.Feb.6.'65,m.o.Jan.21, '6
Kelch, A., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 20. 65, m.o. Jan. 21/66
Keely, E., Victoria, e. Feb. 16, '65. m. o. Jan. 21, '66
O'Driscoll, L., Victoria, e.Feb.!6,'65.m.o.Jan.21, '66
Ryan, Martin. Indian Pt.. e. Feb. 28, 1865.
Redmond. J., Sparta, e. Feb. 21, '65, m.o. Jan. 21, '66
Scott, W., Indian Pt.,e. Feb. 28,'65,m.o. Jan. 21, '66
Wade, J., Victoria, e. Feb. 16, '65, m. o. Jan, 21, '66
50th INFANTRY.
COMPANY G.
Corporals.
Israel Babbitt. St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, 1861, died
at Paducah. Ky,. April 3. 1862.
John W. Rankins, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 21, 1861,
m. o. Sept. 27, 1864.
Woods B. Callison. St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, 1861
m. o. Sept. 27, 1864. as sergt.
Privates
Bowman. Jacob, St. Anenstine, e. Sept. 24, 1861
discharged July 31, 1862, disability.
Babbitt, James. Jr.. St.Augustine, e. Sept. 21,1861,
m. o. Sept. 27. 1864. corpl.
Babbitt. James J.. St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, 1861.
discharged for disability, sergt.
Babbitt, John J., St. Augustine^ e. Sept 21, 1861,
m. o. Sept. 27, 18*4, corpl.
Babbitt, Hugh, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 16, 1831, dis-
charged for disability.
Hants, George W., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24. 1861.
m. o. Sept. 27, 1864.
Hants. Daniel, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 16. 1861, dis-
charged for disability. June 15, 1862.
Rogers. Erastuo, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 12. 1861, m.
o. Oct. 19, 1864.
Williams, Anson L.. St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24,
1861, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864.
Walton, George, Abingdon, e. Sept. 24, 1861.
COMPANY I.
Beetly Edwin W., Knox Co., e. Sept. 16, 1861, vet.,
m. o. July 13, 1865.
Molden, Ananias. Knox Co., e. Sept. 16, 1861, vet.,
trans, to V. R. C.
Plynn, Benjamin, Knoxville, e. March 9. 1864.
Mitchell, Alexander, Knoxville, e. March 9, 1864.
51st INFANTRY.
COMPANY C.
First Lieutenant.
Albert Eads, Knoxville, e. Dec. 24, 1861, term ex-
pired Jan. 17, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
John D. Rambo. Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Sept. 25, 1865.
Privates.
Duncan, Rufus H., Knoxville. e. Sept. 20, 1861,
prisoner, m. o. March 15, 1865.
Flatt, Daniel. Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, 1861, vet.,
corpl.. killed at Kenasaw, June 27, 18K4.
Garrett, Benjamin. Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, 1861,
discharged for disability, April 24. 1862.
Heagy, Harry W., Knoxville, e. Nov. 6, Ib61,vet,
m. o. Sept. 25. 18(i5. as corporal.
Hnggins,William H., Knoxville, e. Sept, 21 '61,vet.,
killed at New Hope Church. Ga., June 3,1864.
Fackson, Francis. Knoxville, e. Dec. 14. 1861.
Jackson. Henry, Knoxville, e. Sept. 27. 1^61, died
at Andersonville prison, June 29, 1864, grave
Lobach, Joseph R., Knoxville, e. Oct. 18, 1861,
vet., m. o. June 24, 1865, prisoner of war.
McGowan, Curtis, Knoxvi.le, e. Sept. 20, 1861,
vet., m. o. Sept, 25, 1865.
Morey, Daniel N., Knoxville, e. Sept. 20. 1861.
Maxfleld, Erastus D.. Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, 1861,
died at Louisville, Ky.
Rezzer, Henry B., Knoxville. e. Sept. 20, 1861.
Woolsey, Henry C., Knoxville, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Recruits.
Garrett. Benjamin O., Knoxville, e. Feb. 29, 1864,
died, July 16. 1864. wounds.
Rambo, George W.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 22, 1864,
died, July 30, 1864, wounds.
COMPANY H.
Privates.
iurgland. Jonas, Victoria, e. Nov. 4, 1861, m. o.
Feb. 28, 1865.
rom, Erick, Victoria, e. Dec. 29, 1861, vet. m. o.
Sept. 25, 18>i5. as sergeant,
ohnson, Jacob, Victoria, e. Feb. 10, 1862.
ohnson, James. Victoria, e. Dec. 29, 1861.
indy, William. Victoria, e. Feb. 9, 1862, captured
Sept. 19. 1863. died,
inda, Lewis, Victoria, Dec.. 18, 1861, m. o. Feb.
28, 1865.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
329
Minard, Milton D.. Victoria, e. Oct. 29. 1861.
Moss, Sardus B., Victoria, e, Oct. 29. 1861.
Martin. J., Victoria, e. Oct. 29, 1861, disch. July 14,
1862.
Mosher, Palmer, Victoria, e. Dec. 22.1861.
Minard, Adolphus P., Victoria, e. Jan. 25.180'}, m.
o. Keb. 20, 1865.
Riggens, Sylvester B., Victoria, e, Jan. 12, 1862.
Rosa. William, Victoria, e. Oct. 29, 1861, died at
Big Springs. Miss., July 14, 1862.
Scott, William O., Trnro, e. Dec. 13, 1861.
Sweeney. Edwin P., Victoria, e. Dec. 23, 1861.
Tothill, Richard, Victoria, e. Dec. 29, 1861, m. o.
Feb. 28, 1865.
Wolf, Leonard, Victoria, e. Dec. 25, 1861, disch.
April 7, 1862.
COMPANY K.
Privates.
Cook. Archibald. Galesburg, e. Jan. 1, 1862, died
at Danville, Va., Dec. 28., 1863, pris.
Diles, Samuel. Galesburg, e. Jan. 1, 186'J, di-ch.
Feb. 26. 1865.
Gowde, Julius H., Galesbnrer. e. Dec. 11, 1861,
trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 7, 1864.
Lewis, Henry R., Ga'.esburg,e. Dec. 21, 1861, disch.
March 1, 1862.
May, Harvey L., Galesburs, e. Dec. 11,1861.
Mirandy, Cyrus. Galesburg, e. Dec. 26, 1861,disch.
April 19, 1862.
Robinson, Thomas G., Galesburg, e. Jan. 20, 1862,
died at Danville, Va., Jan. 21, 186 . pris.
White. Daniel, Galesbug. e. Dec. 18, 1861.
Kendrick, L. A., Galeeburg, e. Dec. 7, 1861, trans.
57th infantry.
Mile*. David E., Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, 1861, trans.
57th infantry.
Pruitt, William D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861,
trans. 57th infantry.
Petty, William D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 14, 1864,
trans, to 57th infantry.
55th INFANTRY
Was organized at Camp Douglas, and mustered into service Oct. 31, 1861. Nov. 9,
left Camp Douglas. Eemained at Camp Benton until Jan. 12, 1863, when it was
ordered to Paducah, Ky. On the morning of March 15 marched out with expedition
from a point some 14 miles above Pittsburg Landing, for the surprise and overthrow
of Corinth.
The opening of the battle, Sunday morning, found the regiment in position with
an effective force of 873 men. Col. Stewart was wounded and 9 of the line officers,
3 of whom died of wounds; 102 enlisted men were killed and mortally wounded,
and 161 wounded and taken prisoners. The regiment was with the army in advance
on Corinth, and at Russell's house, May 17, lost, in skirmish, 8 men, 2 killed and 6
wounded. Entered Corinth May 30; thence, with Gen. Sherman, westward along
Memphis and Charleston R. R. The regiment re-embarked with army, and was
present and under fire at battle of Arkansas Post, Jan. 10 and 11, 1863, losing three
men wounded. Was at Vicksburg in 1863, participating in the fight. Participated
in the siege of Jackson, Miss. On 30th Oct., 1803, marched from East Point, on
Tennessee river, for Chattanooga. During night of 23rd, with rest of brigade,
manned a fleet of pontoon boats in North Chickamauga creek, and in t&e midst of
rain and intense darkness, with muffled oars, descended and crossed the Tennessee
river and captured the enemy's picket line. Nov. 25. marched with Sherman to the
relief of Knoxville, E. Tenn. June 27, 1:64, participated in assault upon Kenesaw
Mountain, Ga. July 22 the regiment was again engaged, with an effective force of
239 men, and came out of the engagement with 180 men. Was in the siege of
Atlanta; in battle of Jonesboro. In a short campaign of a little over two months
the regiment lost half its number. Marched with army, via Richmond, to Washing-
ton ; participated in the grand review at Washington. During its term of service
the regiment marched 3,374 miles.
The 55th Regiment had 81 men from Knox county, of whom 3 were killed, 2
wounded, 7 died, and 1 was taken prisoner.
COMPANY A.
Captain,.
JohnB. Ridenour, Knox co., e. Sept. 1, 1861, re-
signed June 15, 1865.
Corporal.
Joseph H. Presson,Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, 1861, pro.
Q. M. Sergt.
Privates.
Brown, John, e. Oct. 29, 1861, vet., trans, to non-
com, staff.
Hayden, A. R., e. Oct. 30, 1861, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864.
CO HP ANY D.
Musician.
F. Parvin, Knoxville, e. Oct. 7, 1861, vet.
Recruit.
Dunn, H., Trnro, e. Jan. 9, 1865, m.o. Aug. 14, 1865.
COMPANY F.
First Lieutenant.
H. Presson, Henderson, e. Oct. 31, 1861, resigned
March 5,1862.
Privates .
Reynolds, Joel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 8, 1861.
Holmes, David N., Henderson, e. Oct. 7, 1861, vet.
pro. 1st Lieut.
Keffer, Jacob W., Henderson, e. Oct. 11, 1861,vet.
m. o. Aug. 14, 1861, as sergt.
COMPANY H.
Trout, Lewis, Galesburg, e. Nov. 8, 1861.
330
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
COMPANY I.
Private*.
Crocker. Q. W.. Knox Grove, e. Aug. 26, 1861. vet.
died at Marietta. Ga. Sept. 30, 1864, wounds.
Matlock, J. W., Henderson, e. Oct. 18, 1861, vet. m.
o. Aug. 14. 1865.
Kickrnan, M. B., Henderson, e. Oct. 17, 1861.
COMPANY K.
Captains.
3. Black. Abingdon, e. Oct. 31, 1861, resigned Feb.
9. 186:5.
James W. Kay*. Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, m. o.
Aug. 14, 1865.
First Lieutenants.
John H. Fillmore, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, m.
o. Nov. 26. 1862.
William Grounds, Abingdon, e. Oct. 23, 1861. vet
m. o. Aug. 14, 1865.
Second Lieutenants.
Andrew J. Gillett, Abingdon, e. Oct. 31, 1861, re-
signed April 7, 1862.
William D. Lomax, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861,
hon. disch. Oct. 31, 1864.
First Sergeant.
Charles K. Encell, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Sergeant.
James M. Massey, Qalesburg, e. Oct. 20, 1861.
Corporals.
William H. Burnangh, Knoxville, e. Oct. 22, 1861
m. o. Oct. 31, 1864.
James M. Morris, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Moletus Miller, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22. 1861, vet. m
o. Aug. 14, '65, as sergt.
E. P. Westfall, Henderson, e. Oct. 21, 1861.
James Hawthorne, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Harry Babbitt. St. Augustine, e. Oct. 23, 1861.
Priva'es.
Anderson, John, Henderson, e. Oct. 17, 1861.
Bonham, B. A., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Bellwood, Milton, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861. killed
at Vicksburg. May 22, 1863.
Bellwood, Lemuel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22. 1861.
Baldwin, Martin, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22. 1861, trans.
to invalid corps.
Bonham, A. M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 31, 1864.
Chesney, William C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22^ 1861,
vet. disch. for disability July 31, 1865.
Curtice, Daniel, Abingdon. e. Oct. 22, 1861, disch.
for disability. Nov. 7, 1861.
Cox, Robert M., St. Augustine, e.Oct. 22, 1861, vet.
m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as corpl.
Comes, Joseph P., St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
vet. m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as corpl.
Collison, Addison P., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, m.
o. Oct. 31. 1864.
Coy, George C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, vet. m.
o. Aug. 14, 1865, as sergt.
Coy, U. D., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, disch. Nov.
4. 1861.
Davice, Moses S., Henderson, e. Oct. 18, 1861,
trans to invalid corps.
Been, William H., Henderson, e. Oct. 20, 1861,
trans, to V. R. C. May 1, 1864.
Dickey, Henry, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 31, 1864.
Forey, Ostrando D., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Goold, Jesse, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, 1861. died
at Belle Isle, rebel prison.
Greene, John, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22. 1861, killed E
while on picket Aug. 14, 1863.
Hall, William M., St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Johnson, N. H., Galesburg. e. Oct. 20, 1861.
Kays, Henry. Abinadon, e. Oct. 22, 186),
Latimer, Thomas P., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861,
vet. m. o. Ang. 14.1865 as, 1st sere*.
Murray, Sidney S., Abingdon, e. Oct." 22, 1861, m.
o. Oct. 31, 186 1.
iVtapes, Asbury, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22. 1861.
Marshall. James. Abingdon, e. Cci. 2J, 1861, vet.
m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as sergf.
Mount. William, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, vet.
killed near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 4, 1864.
Maxson, Duaue, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Miller. Francis M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, died
at St. Louie, Feb. 20, 186 >.
McKibben. L. C., Abingdon. e. Oct. 22, 1861, disch.
for disability. Jan. 28, 1863.
Moneymaker, Wm. E., Galesburg, e. Oct. 20, 1861,
vet. m. o. Aug. 14, 1865.
Moneymaker, J. K. P., Galesburg, e. Oct. 20, 1861,
died at Young* Pt., La., Feb. 8, 1863.
Meadows, H. W., Abinedou, e. Oct. 22.1861, disch.
Oct. V5, 1861.
Newkirk.-A. W. Abingdon, e. Oct. 23, 1861.
Nelson, Wiliam H., Soludn, e. Oct. 2-i. 1861.
Pointer, James T. Abingdon, e. Oct. 22. 1861, vet.
pro. 1st sergt., died at Duvall's Bluff, July 25,
1865.
Rose, Mason H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1?61.
Rr>odecker, G. W., e. Oct. 22, 1861, m. o. Nov.1,'64
Reckner. Daniel, Abingdon, e.Oct, 23, 1861.1
Raymond, T. L., Abingdou, e. Oct. 23, 1861, trans.
toV. R. C. May 1, 186 L
Rechey, S. H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, disch. for
old age Nov. 3, 1861.
Spencer, William, Ahingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, vet.
m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as sergt., wounded.
South, Elijah, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Spitzer, Andrew, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 31, 1864.
Shoop, Tnornas T.. Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861,
disch. for disability. Jan. 28, 1S63.
Staggs, David M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Townsend, J. W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861, died.
Williford, William A., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861.
Recruits.
Crouch, Hiram, Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Aug.
14, 1865.
Campbell, Joseph H., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o.
Aug. 14, 1865.
Newkirk, Absalom W., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m.
o. Aug. 14. 1865.
Romesuurg, David, Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o.
Ane. 14, 1865.
Stiles, Edgar G., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, died at
Jeffersonville, Ind.
COMPANY A
Dawdell, Thomas, Galesburg, e. Dec. 13, 1861, ve
m. o. July 7, 1865.
Ball, James, Galesburg, disch. July 20, 1862, wds.
COMPANY D.
Sergeant.
Olof Olson, Victoria, e. Nov.10, 1861, term ex.
Privates.
Broberg, A., Gilson, e. Oct. 11, 1861, term ex. 1861
Garnett, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 8, 1861, vet. m. '
July 7, 1865.
Hanson, J., Wataga, e. Oct. 8, 1861, term ex. 1^6
Norlund, Lars, Victoria, e. Dec. 20, 1861, discb
for disability, July 5, 1862.
Peterson. P. L., Victoria, e. Dec. .20, 1861, disch
for disability May 29, 1863.
Rudeman,O., Victoria, e. Dec. 19,1861. term ex. is
^rickson. John, Truro, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. T "
7, 1865.
Quinburg. Peter, Victoria, e. Feb. 8,1864, m.
July?, 1845.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
331
58th INFANTRY.
COMPANY A.
Barney, G. Eugene, Galesburg, e. Oct. 29, 1861,
trans, as let sergeant to Co. E.
Stanley, James H., Galesburg, e. Nov. 21, 1861,
vet. discharged for disability April 23, 1862.
COMPANY G.
Captain.
Loring P. Fuller, Abingdon, e. Dec. 81, 1861, term
expired Feb. 7, 1865.
Privates.
Bennett, William, Abingdou, e. Dec. 31, 1861, dis-
charged for disability Oct. 8, 1862.
Camp, Sterling T., Abingdon, e. Nov. 4, 1861, pro.
musician.
Camp, H.C., Abingdon,e. Nov.4, '61,m.o.Feb.7, '65
Cronnole, John P., Gilson, e. Dec. 30, 1861, died
at Pittsburg Landing April 5, 1862.
Fogirty, John, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 26, 1861,
discharged for disability March 25, 1863.
Garrard, H., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 9, 1861, -n.o.
Feb. 7, 1865.
Gillett, W. J., Abingdon, e. Dec. 29, '61, trans, to
Co. I., died of wounds received at Shiloh.
Gillett. V. M.,Abingdon, e. Dec. 29/61, transferred
to Co. I.
Grabill, J., Gilson, e. Dec. 18, '61, m.o. Feb. 7, '65.
Grabill, A., Gilson, e. Dec. 16, '61, m.o. Feb. 7. '65.
Hull, Daniel W.. Abingdon, e. Nov. 24, died of ac-
cidental wounds, Feb. 14, 1862.
Hatfleld. G., Abingdon, e. Nov. 12, 1861, trans, to
Co. I., vet., m.o. April 1. 1866.
Henness, George A., Abingdon, e. Dec. 20. 1861,
died at Evansville, Ind.
Imil, Thomas, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 17,1861, dis-
charged for disability June 14, 1862. >.
Kitchen, David, Abingdon, e. Nov. 28, 1861, disch.
for disability April 24, 1862.
McDonnell, James H., Abingdon, e. Nov. 5, 1861.
Meadow, William P.. Abingdon, e. Dec. 31, 1861,
trans, to Co. I., vet., m.o April 1, 1866.
Nation. Joseph, Abingdon, e. Nov. 25. 1861, died
on Tenn. river April 10, 1862, wounds.
Nation, Elijah, Abingdon. e. Nov. 20, 1861, vet.
trans, to Co. B, m.o. April 1, 1866
Peabody, George N., Abiugdon. e. Dec. 3, 1861,
trans, to Co. I, vet. m.o. April 1, 1866.
Perry. William M.. Gilson, e. Dec. 16, 1861.
Ryan. Peter, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 26, 1861, m.o.
Feb. 7, 1865.
Richey, Samuel H.. Abingdon, e. Oct. 26, 1861.
Ryan, Thomas, St. Augustine, e. Dec. 30, 1861, m.
o. Feb. 7, 1865.
Sibley, Lucien G.. Abingdon, e. Nov. 26, 1861,
discharged for disability Aug. 5, 1862.
Staggs, John W., Abingdou. e. Oct. 28, 1861, dis-
charged for disability Aug. 21, 1862.
Staggs, Allison M., Gilson, e. Dec. 9, 1861, trans,
to Co.B. vet. m.o. May 2. 18%.
Thompson, J. M., Hermon. e Nov. 16, 1861, disch.
for disability Aug. 3, 1863.
Thompson, Errick, Abingdon, o. Dec. 4, 1861, m.
o. Feb. 7. 1865, was prisoner.
Griffin, Augustus, Galesburg, e. March 21, 1861.
59th INFANTRY.
The 9th Infantry Missouri Vols. was organized at St. Louis, Sept. 18, 1801. The
companies composing the regiment had been raised in Illinois, and mustered in at
sundry times. Sept. 21, 1861. ordered to Jefferson City; 8uth moved to Booneville;
Dec. 15, 1801 ^ moved to Georgetown, Mo.; 23rd, returned to Lamine Bridge. Jan.
1, P. Sidney Post was commissioned Major. Feb 12, 1862, by an order of the War
Department, the 9th Missouri Vols was changed to the 59th Illinois Vol. Infantry.
Feb. 22, moved to Cross Hollows. March 6, moved to Pea Ridge. On the 7th,
fought the enemy all day; Major P. Sidney Post was scvere'y wounded. Lieut-
Johnsou, Olof, Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, m. o.
July 7, 1865.
Nordquist. Louis, Wataga, e. Dec. 25, 1861, term.
ex. 1864.
COMPANY E.
Captain.
Charles E. Passenger, Galesburg, e. Nov. 27, 1861,
vet., died.
Privates.
Anderson, Andrew, Galesburg. e. Nov. 21, 1861.
Bell, Anderson. Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861, vet. m.
o. Juiy 7, 1865.
Davis, Frank W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861, died
at Pittsburg, Tenn., April 15, 1862
Davis. Martin, Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, 1861, disch.
April 29, 1862.
Davis, Disrhtou. Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861, vet. m.
O.July 7. 1865.
Hendricks, Loran A., Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, 1861,
vet. m. o. July 7, 1865.
Smith, Thomas, Galesburg, e. Nov. 25, 1861.
Watkins, John W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1861, vet.
m.o. July 7, 1865.
Wait, Alva S.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 10, 1864, m. o.
July 7. 1865.
COMPANY H.
Sergeant.
H. Reed, Lynn, e. Sept. 9, 1861, m.o. Dec. 25, 1864.
Corporals.
Edward Cochran, Victoria, e. Oct. 5, 1861, killed
at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 4, 1862.
Henry McCabe, Lynn, e. Sept. 24, 11861, vet. died
prisoner of war.
Privates.
Annis, John, Victoria, e. Oct. 25, 1861, discharged
for disability Sept. 8, 1862.
Berlenmeier, Christopher, Lynn, e. Oct. 10, 1861.
vet., m.o. July 7, 1865.
Bennett, Phineas, Lynn, e. Sept. 29, 1861.
Boswell, Riel, Victoria, e. Oct. 21, 1861, disch. for
disability April 29. 1862.
Codding, Jasper C., Victoria, e. Sept. 29, 1861.
Cotteral, William H., Lynn, e. Oct. 15, 1861, dis-
charged Feb. 1, 1862, minor.
Coon. Charles, Victoria, e. Nov. 20, vet. sergeant,
killed at Resaca, May 17, 1864.
Dudley. Henry, Lynn. e. Oct. 2, 1861, discharged
for disability April 29, 1862.
Hanna, William, Elba, e. Oct. 15. 1861.
flurlhurt. Horace, Victoria, e. Oct. 20, 1861, vet.,
m.o. July 7, 1865.
Miller, C., Lynn, e. Sept. 26, 1861, died July 11, '62
Rice, P. L., Victoria, e. Sept. 24, 1861, vet., m. o.
July 7. 1865.
Spalding, John A.. Victoria, e. Sept. 29. 1861, dis-
charged for promotion.
Garrety. Daniel. Walnut Grove, e. Oct. 15, 1861,
killed at Corinlh, Oct. 3, 1862.
332
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Col. Frederic was severely wounded, and Capt. Hale commanded the regiment during
the fight. April 1, Col. Kelton having resigned, Maj. Post was commissioned Col-
onel. After evacuation of Corinth, pursued the retreating enemy as far as Boone-
ville; 18th, crossed the Tennessee at Eastport, and camped at Waterloo; Col. Post
took command of brigade. Oct. 8, was heavily engaged at Chaplin Hills, losing 113
killed and wounded, out of 361 men going into action. Arrived at Nashville, Nov.
7, near which place the regiment remained during the year.
The 59th Regiment had 104 men from Knox county; 3 were killed, 8 wounded,
and 14 died.
Colonel.
P. Sidney Post, Galesburg.
Lieutenant-Colonel.
Clayton Hale, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, absent,
sick at m.o. of regiment.
Adjutant.
Samuel West, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, pro.
captain Co. I, resigned Nov. 22, 1861.
Surgeon.
Charles Bunce, Galesburg, e. Oct. 25, 1862, m.o.
Dec. 8, 1865.
Assistant Surgeon.
Joseph W. Gaston, Knoxville, died Sept. 3, 1864.
Sergeant- Majors.
John F. Smith, Galesburg, e. July 17, 1861, disch.
Jan. 15, 1863, wounds.
George P. Ayers, Galesburg, e. Dec. 5, 1863, m.o.
Dec. 8, 1865.
COMPANY A.
Captains.
David M. Bailey, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, died
at Knoxville Oct. 10, 1864.
James Elrich, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, m.o.
Dec. 8, 1865.
First Lieutenants.
Alexander Sanderson, Knox county, e. July 17,
1861, m.o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Samuel F. Patton, Knoxville., e. July 17, 1861.
m.o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Sergeants.
Edwin P. Higgins, Knoxville e. July 17, 1861,
trans, to V. R. C.
Samuel West, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1881, pro.
com. serg't.
John Hall, Knox. co., e. July 17, 1861, disch. for
disability May 1, 1862.
Phillip Anderson, Kuoxville, e. July 17, 1861, dis
charged for disability Oct. 21, 1861.
Corporals.
Edward M. Warren, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861.
Albert Collins, Knox co., e. July 17, 1861, disch.
Jan. 20, 1863, as serg't., wounds.
John W. Dennis, Knox co., e. July 17, 1861, disch.
Oct. 31, 1861, disability.
James Elrich, Knoxville, e July 17, 1861, died.
Jacob Huptonstull, Knox co., e. July 17, 1861, dis-
charged for disability, Oct. 31, 1861.
Musicians.
Thomas R. Owen, Knox co., e. July 17, 1861, dis-
charged for disability, April 10, 1862.
William P. Rodecker, Knox co., e. July 17, 1861,
trans, to bat. A, 2d art.
Wagoner.
Wm. H.Wot>lsey, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861. vet.
idl une 17, 1864, wounds.
Privates.
Allen, Richard, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet.,
discharged June 17, 1865, as sergeant, wounds.
Beatty.John, Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861, vet., m. o.
Dec. 8. 1865.
Burnaugb, Nathan, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, died
Nov. 7, 1861.
Bryan , Joseph N., Knoxville, e. July 17,1861, vet..
m. o Dec. 8, 1865, as sergeant.
Calkins,Charle8 E., Knox Co. , e. July 17, 1861, died
Dec. 20. 1862.
Collison, Anthony, Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861, vet.,
sick at m. o. regiment.
Camp, Wm. B., Galesburg. e. July 17, 1861, vet.,
discharged June 29, 1865, as sergeant, wounds.
Canfield, George W., Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861,
vet., sick at m. o. regiment.
Castle,Geo. H., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 8, 1865, as sergeant.
Colwell, James II, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, dis-
charged Jan. 12, 1864, as sergeant, disability.
Corbin, Francis, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, died at
Louisville, Oct. 1, 1861
Crentz, Charles. Galesburg, e, July 17, 1861, dis-
charged Feb. 2, 1864, disability.
ntbill,Gray. Galesburg,e. July 17, 1861, discharged
Sept. 17, 1862, disability.
Dawson, George, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861. dis-
charged Aug. 16, 1861, disability.
Dallmeyer, George, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861,
transferred to Miss, marine brigade.
Donnelly, James A., Knox Co., July 17, 1861, ser-
geant, died at Louisville, March 30, 1864.
Donnellv.Jefferson W., Knox Co., e. July 17,1^61,
discharged Aug. 15, 1861, disability.
Finch, Lewis, Knox Co., e. July 17,1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 8, 1865.
ardiner, Seth P. Knoxville, e. July 17. 1861, vet.,
sergeant, killed at Rough Station, July 4, 1864.
Godfrey, J., Knoxville, e. July 17,1861, vet., m. o.
Dec. 8, 1865.
George. J. K., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, discharged
April 6. 1863, disability,
oodwin, James, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, ,m. o.
Sept. 17, 1861, sergeant,
lendon, John, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, died
Dec. 18, 1863.
off, Francis W., Knox Co., e. Jnly 17, 1861, killed
at Perryville. Ky., Oct. 8, 1862.
Goff, Royal F., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, m. o.
Dec. "8, 1865, corporal.
Griffith, Benj. A , Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet.,
transferred to U, S. signal corps.
Hupstonstull, J., Kuoxville, e. July 17, 1861, dis-
charged Nov. 20. 1862, disability.
Hall, Jatnea B., Knoxville, e. July 17. 1861.
Hopkins, Wallace, Knoxville. e. July 17, 1861. dis-
charged August 6, 1861, disability.
Hoppers, Thomas J., Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861,
died of wounds, June 9, 1863.
Howard, E. A.. Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 8. 1865.
Humphreys, Z. C., Knox Co., e. July 17, 1851, dis-
charged Feb. 2. 1863.
Lotta, John S., Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861.
Martin, Graham. Knoxville. e. July 17, 1861, died
of wounds, April 22, 1863.
Matteson,Benj. J.. Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, sergeant.
Matteson, Peter. Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, sergeant.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
333
Mather, David. Knoxville,e. July 17, 1861, vet., m
o. Dec. 8, 1865.
McDowell, James, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, trans
ferred to Mies, marine corps.
Moore, John B.. Victoria, e. July 17, 1861, vet., m
o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Morris, Frederick, Knoxville,e. July 17, 1861, m. o
Dec. 17, 1864.
Mount, Johu, Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861.
Murray, John, Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861, vet., m
o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Neeley. David J..Oneida, e. July 17, 1861, vet.,m
o. Dec. 8. 1865.
O'Harra,W. J.. Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861.
Payton.John. Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861.
Peterson, John P., Victoria. P. July 17. 1861, vet.
killed near Dallas, Ga., May 29, 1864.
Plummer, J. A., Kuoxville, e. July 17, 1861, dis
charged August 6, 1861, disability.
Quirk, Edward, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet.
m.o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Raymond, James E., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861
died at Jefferson City, Mo.. Oct. 8, 1861.
Russell, M. R., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, died
Nov. 20, 1861.
Southerland, John, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861.
Tanner, Prank, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, trans
ferred to Miss, mortar fleet.
Williams, Thomas, Knoxville, July 17, 1861, vet.
m. o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Wagher, Alfred B., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861
transferred to Miss, marine brigade.
Wagher, Wm., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, m. o
July 26, 1864.
Wagher, F. M., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, dis
charged Oct. 20, 1861 disability.
Watkins, Daniel, Gilson, e. July 17, 1861, vet., m.
o. Dec. 8. 1865.
Watson, William, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, m. o.
Dec. 8, 1865, as corporal.
Welsh, John, Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, discharged
Nov. 18, 1864.
Williams, Chas., Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861.
White, Mitchell, Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861, vet-
transferred to U. 8. V. engineers.
Westbrook, N . B . , Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861, vet,
sick at m. o. of regiment.
Wyman, Arthur, Abingdon, e. July 17, 1861, trans-
ferred to Miss, marine brigade.
Recruits.
Cherrington, M., Knox Co., e. July 17, 1861, died
at Syracuse, Mo., Dec. 8, 1861.
Duncan, Robert, Knox Co., e, July 17, 1861, m. o.
Dec. 8, 185. as corporal.
Holcomb, J. B., Knox Co., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Haskins. Edward, Knox Co., transferred to Miss.
marine brigade.
Horseman, Eli J., Knox Co., m. o. June 14, 1S65,
sergeant,
Mitchell, George E., Knox Co., discharged Dec.
22. 1864, wounds.
Minard. David M., Knox Co., corporal, died Dec.
6, 1803.
Pratt, E. A., Knoxville, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Patton, J. H., Knoxville, died at Louisville, Jan.
4, 1864.
Porter, Herman D., Knoxville, m.o. Dec. 8, 1865.
sergeant.
COMPANY B.
Privates.
Low Joseph, Galesburg, e. July 17, 1861, trans
ferred to Davidson's Peoria battery, m. o
August 18, 1864.
Rynerson, Cicero R., Galesburg, e. July 17 1861
m. o. August 18, 1864.
swenson, Nelson, Galesburg. e. July 17, 1861 m
o. Sept. 19, 1864.
COMPANY .
Captain.
Carl Arosneis, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861.
COMPANY I.
Captain.
harles C. Doolittle, Galesburg, detached.
Private.
Duncan, Robert, Knoxville. e. March 18, 1864.
COMPANY F.
Barlow. T. S., Oneida, e. Oct. 2, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8.
1865, as corporal.
64th IWFAtfTRY.
COMPANY D.
Captain.
John W. Stewart, Abingdon, e. D.c. 16, 1861, pro-
major.
First Lieutenant.
William N. Stewart, Abingdon, e. Dec. 16, 1861,
resigned June 20, 1862.
Musician.
Tames Rubart, St. Augustine. Dec. 1, 1861, vet.,
disch. Jan. 1, 1865, wounds.
First Sergeant.
'hornas Fleming. Hermon, e, Nov. 1, 1861, vet.-, m.
O. Dec. 17, 1864.
Sergeant.
teo. W. Bowden, Hermon, Nov. 1, 1861, disch. for
disability, July 7, 1862.
Corporals.
ames P. Stephens, Hermon, Nov. 1, 1861, vet., m.
o. July 11, 1865.
leuben Chapman. Hermon, e. Dec. 1, 186!, vet. m.
o. July 11, 1865.
Privates.
ieldon,Cbae. W., Knoxville, e. Dec. 1, 1861, vet,
m. o. July 11, 1865.
heets, John, St. Augustine, Dec. 1, 1861, m. o.
Jan. 21, 1865.
lhapman. Mason R., Hermon, e. Nov. 1, 1861, vet.
pro. Q. M. Sergt.
)eskin, Enoch, Hermon, e. Dec. 1. 1861, m. o.
Dec. 24, 1864.
pperson, P. B., Hermon. e. Nov. 1, 1861, vet.,
died at Marietta, Ga., July 1. 1864. wounds,
[aver, Horace, Hermon, e. Dec. 1, 1861, .
[endricks, A. G., Hermon, P . Nov. 1, 1861, .
McKee, James, Hermon, e. Nov. 1, 1861, vet., m.o.
July 11. 1865, as. first sergeant.
tfcDonald, Wm., Hermou, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
Dec. 24, 1864.
McDonald, John, Hermon e. Dec. 1, 1861, disch.
July 23, 1862, disability,
witzer, Isaac, Hermon, e. Dec. 1, 1861, m o. Dec.
24, 1864.
hoemaker, J. J., Hermon, e. Dec. 1, 1861^ vet.,
pris. of war, at m. o. of reg't.
faurman, James, Hermon, e. Dec. 1, 1861.
nderwood, Wm., Hermon, e. Dec. 1, 1861, m. o.
Dec. 24, 1864.
irtue. Thos. R., Hermon, e. Nov. 1, 1861, disch.
Oct. 22, 1862, disability.
Vhitehead, John, Hermon. e. Nov. 1, 1861, disch.
Nov. 1, 1862, disability.
334:
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Recruits.
Beldon, Geo. C., Knoxville, e. Feb. 21, 1864, m. o.
July 11, 1865.
Bread, Geo. P., Hermon, e. Aug. 29, '62, m. o. May
31, 1865.
Decker, Wm., Hermon, e. Aug. 21. 1862, m. o. May
31, 1865.
Donegan, Michael, Hermon, e. Aag. 21, '63. m. o.
May 33, 1865.
Caruthers, M. S., Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o.
May 31, 1865.
Gasi-ett, James H., Hermon, e. Aug. 13, 1863, m. o.
June 12,1865.
Havi r, George, Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o.
May 31. 1865, as corporal.
Headley, John, Hermon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o.
June 8, 1865.
Ma^sey, David, Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o.
May 31. 1862.
Milim, Lewis, Hermon, e. Jan. 19, 1862, m.o. April
25, 1865.
Methenia. S., Hermon, e. Jan. 17, 1862, m. o. Jan.
29. 1865.
Vice, J., Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 62, m.o. May 31, '65.
Rupert, J. N., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21,1861.
65th INF AX TRY.
COMPANY A.
Privates.
Bailey, S., Henderson, e. Feb. 31, '62, vet., m. o.
July 13, 1865.
Crouch, William, Altona, e. Feb. 25, 1862, vet., m.
o. July 13, 1861.
Crites, Eli, Oneida, e. Feb. 28, 1862, vet., m. o.
July 13, 1865
Connor. M. R., Henderson, e. Feb. 24, 1862, vet.,
in. o. July 13, 1865.
Echerd, Wm., Victoria, e. March 6, 1862, vet., m.
o. July 13, 18S5.
Hatuia, J. S., Knoxville. e. Feb. 5, 1862, vet., m.o.
July 13, 186).
Hanna, G. A.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 4, 1862, m. o.
April 18, 186 V
Johnson, Alex, Henderson, e. March 9, 1862, vet.,
m.o. July 13, 1865.
Lane. I., Altona, e. Feb. 18, 186i, vet., m. o. July
13, 1865.
Snell. Jacob, Altona. e. Feb. 23, 1862, vet., m. o.
July 13, 1865
Wilt, John, Henderson, e. March 6, 1862, vet., m.o.
July 13, 1865.
Wilt, Wm. J., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m o. July
13, 1865
Shaw, Ed. W., Oneida, e. Feb. 22. 1862, vet.
Allen, Henry, Oneida, e. Apr. 5, 1862, vet.
Glen, J., Oneida.
66th INFANTRY.
COMPANY A.
Ross, George, e. Nov. 25, '61, vet. m.o. July 7, '65.
COMPANY F.
First Sergeant.
John A. Courtney. Abingdon, e. Oct. 10, 1861, vet.
pro. 2d lieut.
Sergeant.
William B. Riggs, Abingdon, e. Oct. 10, 1861, died
at Corinth, Aug. 23, 186i.
Corporals.
Troy Pratt. Abingdon. e. Oct. 10. 1861, vet., m.o.
July 7, 1865.
Frederick Sheffield. Abingdon. Oct. 10, 1861, died
at Paducah, Ky., April 5, 1862.
Edwin Shrader, Abingdon, e. Oct. 10, 1861, dis
charged June 30. 186i, disability.
Privates.
Addleman,Wm., Abingdon, e. Oct. 0, 1861, vet. m.
o. July 7,1865, as corpl.
Niven, David S., Abingdon, e. Oct. 1, 1861.
Powder, Robert. Abingdou, e. Oct. 10, 1861, dis-
charged Sept. 21, 1861.
Swartz, Edward. Abingdon, e. Oct. 10, 1861, vet. m.
O.July 7, 1865.
Virtue, Samuel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 10,1861.
Virtue, James. Abingdon, e. Oct. 10, 1861.
Recruits.
Bell, William H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1861, m.
o. July 7, 1865.
Blair, Andrew J.. Abingdon, e. March 26, 1864, m.
o. July 14, 1865.
Boydston. Wm. H., Galesburg e. Feb. 15, 1864, m.
o. July 7, 1865.
Bailey, Ezra, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1861, died at
Kingston, Ga., Aug. 5 1861.
Clark, John, Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1861, m.o. July
7, 1865, wounded.
Gossett, John H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m.o.
July 7, 1865.
Leadieu, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 22, 1864, m.
o. July 7, 1865.
McPherrin, Wm., Abingdon, e. March 11, 1864, m.
o. July 7, 1865.
Owen, Charles, Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 7, 1865.
Peabody, Washington, Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864.
m. o. July 7, 1865.
Tunnicliff, C. C., Abingdon, e. Feb. 23, 1861, m. o.
July 7. 1865.
Williford, Geo W.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 15,1864,
m. o. July 7, 1865.
Umssigned.
Andrew, James H., Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 12, 1
third enlistment.
Axtell, N. J., Abingdon, e. March 12, 1864, d
charged June 12. 1864.
Cannon, J. H., Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, di
charged May 14, 1864.
Downs. Levi M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, thi
enlistment.
Frisbie. Samuel F.. Henderson, e. March. 16, 1864.
Wells, James A., Henderson, e. March 16, 1861, vet.
recruit.
Williamson, James, Abingdon. e. March 16, 1864.
sell, Charles, Alton, e. May 1, 1862, m. o.
May 15 1865.
Rus-ell. Ed. C., Alton, e.May 1, 1862, m. o. May
15, 1865.
67th INFANTRY.
COMPANY F.
Adams. W.. Yates City, e. Jan. 2. 1862.
Chrisman, Geo., Salem, e. Jan. 2. 1862.
Grim, Wm., Yates City, Jan. 3, 1862.
Grim, Milton. Yates City, e. May 31, 1862.
Miller, J. O.. Yates City, e. Jan. 2, 1862.
Richardson. I., Maquon, e. Jan. 2, 1862.
Shallenberger. J., Maqion, e. Jan. 2, 1862.
Swadley. D. F.. Yates City, Jan. 4. 1862.
Shealy. Wm., Maquon, e. Jan. 3, 1862.
Shearman, O.. Maquon.
Ziner, J., Maquon.
69th INFANTRY.
COMPANY D.
Musician.
Wm. W. Barnes, Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m.o. Oct.
5, 1862, corporal .
Privates.
Beeton. O. P., Walnut Grove, e. June 4,
2, m.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
335
Burnham, Asa, Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct.
6, 18(52.
Carson, J. W., Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, m. o.
Oct. ti. 1862.
Case. J. W., Victoria, e. June 4, 1832, m. o. Oct.
6, 1862.
Elliott, G. W., Victoria, e. June 4, 1863, m. o.
Oct. b, 1862.
Godaer. Win., Altona, e. June 4, 1832, m. o.
Oct. 6, 1862.
Jones. O., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6,1862.
L*mphere, J., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct.
6, 1862.
Millberger, S., Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 6, 1862.
Mollony. P. J., Lynn, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct.
6, 1862,
Pratner, Wm.. Abingdon, e. June 4, 1862. m. o.
Oct. 6, 1862.
Powell. E. Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, ra. o. Oct.
6. 1862.
Swan, P., Altona, e. June 4, 1862. m. o.Oct. 6.1862.
Topper, E., Altona, e. June 4, 1862, m.o., Oct.6,1862.
Taft. N. G., Ontario, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct.
6, 18tW.
Clark, H, Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct.
6, 1862.
White, N., Victoria, e. June 4 1862, m. o. Oct. 6.
1862, corporal.
COMPANY F
Cavenaueh, J., Ontario, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct.
6, 1862.
Williams, James, Galesburg, June 4, 186J, dis-
charged July 6, 1862.
71st INFANTRY.
COMPANY B.
Courtney, James M., Abingdon, e. July 10, 1862.
Wade, Hiram, Henderson, e. July 10, 1862.
COMPANY D.
Emerson. John, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862.
Howard, K. A., Abingdon, e. July 3, 1862.
Nation, John, Henderson, e. July 5, 1862.
Stiggall, John, Galesburg. e. July 4, 1862.
Scott, William, Galesburg, July 3. 1862.
COMPANY E.
Second Lieutenant.
illiam D. Latimer, Galesburg, e, July 22, 1862.
Sergeants.
m. Craig, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
J. T. Hair, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct.
29, 1862.
Corporals.
Spencer Thompkins. Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862.
m. o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Elicha H. Goldman, Galesburg, e. July 12, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Willis D. Baker, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29. 1862.
Lewis B. Aiken, Oneida, e. June 30, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29. 1>'62.
Marcus Davis, Galesburg, e. July 7, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
Theoriore C. Poling. Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862,
m. o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Jonathan C. Lntimer, Abingdon, July 5, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29. 1862.
John M. Howard, Galesburg, e. July 7, 1862, m. o.
Oct, 29, 1862.
Privates.
Ayers. Geo. P., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 18K2.
Andrews, J. H., Galesburg e. July 4, 1862 m.o,
Oct. 29, 1862.
Comstock, Merrill H., Gale-burg, June 30, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Downs, Levi M., Abingdon, e. July 5, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
Dickerson, Fountain, Abingdon, e. July 5, 1862,
m. o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Dowdy, J. H., Abingdon, e. July 20, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 2'., 18 is?.
Farquber, David, Galesburg, e. June 24, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Howard, W. H., Galesburg, e. June 24, 1862, m. o,
Oct. 29, 1862.
Loud Silas J., Galesburg, e. July 4, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
Moburg, Andrew, Galesbnrg, e. June 30, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Myers Richard, Galesburg, e. July 18, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Norris, Joseph O., Knoxville, e. June 30, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, If62.
Norris, John C., Knoxville, e. June 30, 1862, m.-o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
Price, Charles W., Knoxville, e. June 30, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1832.
Rogers, G. F., Galeaburg, e. July 18, 1863, m. o.
Oct. 29. 1862.
Robinson. M. L , Galesburg, e. July 16, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
Strong, Samuel B., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m.
o. Oct, 29, 1862.
Scott, Henry C., Galesbnr:, e. July 21, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29. 1862.
Wetmore. T. K., Galesburg. e. June 3% 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1862.
Wright, Paul Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29, 1832.
Woodward, H. T., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m.
o. Oct. 29, 1862.
Weltey, Joseph, Galesburg. e. July 4, 1862, m. o.
Oct. 29 1862.
COMPANY F.
Corporal.
William F. Poet, Galesburg, e. July 18, 1832
Privates.
Pierce, Charles, Galesburg, e. July 24, 1862.
Price, Hershell, Galesburg, e. July 18, 1832.
Plumer. J N., Galesburg, e. July 18, 1862.
West, Dolphus, Galesburg, e. July 19, 1862.
INFANTRY.
Was organized at Chicago, as the 1st Regiment of the Chicago Board of Trade.
Its first bills were put out for one company, calling itself the " Hancock Guards," on
July 23, 1*62, and exactly one month afterward the entire regiment was complete
and mustered into service for three years. The very day of their muster they were
started for Cairo, where they arrived on the 24th. Their strength at that time \vas 37
officers and 930 men. On the 6th of September they were ordered to Paduoah, Kan.
March 1, the division of which the 72nd Regiment formed a part, started down the
Yazoo Pass; but finding Fort Pemberton in their way, and not being able to take it
336
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
then, went back April 23, then landed at Milliken's Bend, La., and, from there,
marched with Grant's army to Vicksburg. May 16, they arrived at Champion Hill,
just in time to turn the enemy's left, and by that movement decided the fate of the
day. Oct. 30, 1864, they were ordered to report to Maj.-Gen. Howard, and in pursu-
ance of this order, arrived at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 13. They there found tLem-
selves too late to join Sherman in his " great march to the sea."
Schofield's army found it convenient to retire toward Nashville. On Nov. 29 they
evacuated Columbia, and the 72nd was in a severe skirmish with the enemy at Spring
Hill, on the road between Columbia and Franklin. On the succeeding day they
arrived at Franklin, and hastily threw up some light earthworks. About 4 o'clock
that afternoon Hood attacked them, and the battle raged from that hour until mid-
night with terrific fury. In that fight the 72nd lost 9 officers out of 16 engaged, and
152 men. who were either killed or severely wounded. On Aug. 6 they were mus-
tered out of service at Vicksburg, and then marched directly home to Chicago.
During their term of service they received 450 recruits, and when ordered home
they transferred 270 of these to the. 32nd Illinois Veteran Vols., at Meriden, Miss.
They brought home 22 officers and 310 men.
The 72nd Regiment contained 80 meu from Knox county; 6 were killed, 3 wound-
ed, 7 died, and 5 were taken prisoners.
COMPANY B.
Recruits.
Ayres, Nelson, AbiDgdon, e. Feb. 16, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 181,5.
Barton, Hiram S.. Henderson, e. Dec. 24, 1863, m.
o. Nov. 24,1865.
Benneson, Henry, Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, fclS64.
disch. for pro.
Cole, Stephen D., Galesburg, e. Jan. 5. 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 18rt5.
Cronan, Richard, Maquon, e. Der. 18, 1863, killed
at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864.
Dean, Charles, Henderson, e. Jan. 22, 1864.
Davis, James R., Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, ]864, killed
at Franklin, Teun., Nov. 30, 1864.
Frickle, Erastus, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m. o
Nov. 24, 1865.
Hatfleld, Isaac B., Galesburg, e, Jan, 29, 1864, m.
o. Nov. 24. 1865.
Holmes. David H., Wataga, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Hammond, J. P., Galesburg, e. Feb. 10. 1864.
Johnson, Frank A., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1861, m.
o. Nov. 24, 1865.
Lond. Silas J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, sick at
Nashville.
Lewis, James M.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, pris.
of war.
McQueen. W. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24. 1865.
Matthews, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1865. m.o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Mason, Swen, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 29, 1865.
Nevett, Wilson J., Maquon, e. Dec. 7, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Peterson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Parkinson, Isaac, Galesburg. e. Feb. 6, 1864.
Penny, Columbus, Henderson, e. Feb. 11. 1864, m.
o. June 27, 1865.
Swanson, Nelse, Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, taken
pris. Nov. 30, 1861.
Swanson, August, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864, pris.
of war.
Swanson, Eric. Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o.
June 20, 1865.
Snyder, Robert M.. Henderson, e. Feb. 11, 1864, m.
O. Aug. 29, 1865, as corpl.
Taylor, Jerry, Galeeburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, killed at
Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 186 1.
Vantee, John, Maquon, e. Dec. 18 1863, m. o. Nov
24, 1865.
Vantee, J. C., Maquon, e. Dec. 9, 1863, pris. of war
died Nov. 1865.
Whitman, Isaac A., Altona, e. Feb, 16, 1864, sict
at New Orleans.
Whitman. Geo. E., Altona. e. Feb. 18, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Waters, John. Wataga, e. Jan. 25, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 24.1865.
Walker, Geo. J., Galesburg, e. Dec. 19, 1863, died
while a pris. at Corinth.
Woodward, H. T , Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1863,
killed at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 3u, 1864.
COMPANY C.
Sergeant.
SamuelD. Barnes, Galesburg, pro. 1st Lieut. 1864,
U. S. C. Q.
COMPANY F.
Beary, Daniel, Galesburg, e. Jan. 26, 1864, m.o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Collins, John, jGalesburg, Jan. 5, 1864, died at
New Orleans, La., May 4, 1865.
Grant, Charles F., Galesburg, e. Dec. 28, IS
disch. for disability, Nov. 7, 1865.
COMPANY G.
Anderson, Andrew J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864,
trans, to V. R. C.
James, Thomas, Galesburg.
Magoon, Wm. E. Oneida, e. Feb. 20, 1861, on
furlough, at m. o. of regt.
Padduck, Lemuel, Knoxville, e. Feb. 13, 1864, m.
o. Nov. 24, 1865.
COMPANY I.
Sergeants.
Richard B. Corbin, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14i
1862, disch. fordisability, March 30, 1863.
Geo. W.Bennett, St Augustine, e. Aug. 14,1862,
mo. o. July 20, 1865.
Corporal.
John Winsett, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
disch. for disabili y, Feb. 6, 1863.
Musicians.
Allen H. Harrod, St. Augustine.e. Aug. 14, 1862,
disch. for disability, Feb. 6, 1863.
Wm M Hall, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
disch. May 25, 1865.
Wagoner.
William Jennings, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14,
m. o. JuneS, Ifc63.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
337
Privates.
Abbot, Orin H., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.
o. Aug. 7, 1865.
Babbitt, C. F.. St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
absent, wounded at m. o. regiment.
Bradbury, N.,St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.
o. Aug. 7, 1865.
Burrage, Dewitt C., St. Augubtine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
died atfit. Louis, July'31, 1863.
Collison, Victor, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
m. o. May 29, 1865.
Chreighton, John M., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14,
1862, m. o. May 29, 1865.
Freese, Phillip, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.
o. May 29, 1865.
Freese, James, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.
o. May 29. 1865, as corpl., wounded.
Frelder, William, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
m. o. May 29, 1865.
Hunts. Daniel, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
trans, to invalid corps.
Honte, James E., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
m.o. Aug. 7, 1865.
LovewKl, C. W., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
killed at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863.
Owen, B. D. C., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
m o. June 3, 1865.
Randall, Edwin, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
died at Ft. Pemberton, April 3, 1863.
Roe, J. E., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
July 4, 1865.
Switzer, Peter, Hermon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.o.
Aug. 7, 1865.
Pccruits.
Babbitt, S. J., St. Augustine, e. Jan, 3, 18ti4, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Bowers, J, W., Galesburg, e. Jan. 2, 1864.
Collison, James C.. Abingdon, e. Feb. 22, 1864,
disch. May 11, 1865, wounds.
Darffy, F. M., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, 1863, disch.
Oct. 4, 1864, disability.
Imel, T. J., St. Augustine, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Miller, Wm., Galesburg, e. Dec. 27, 1863.
McGrew, D. O., Abingdon, e. Feb. 5. 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
McGrew, C. M., Abingdon, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
McGrew, J. L., Abingdon, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1865.
Margors, Sandy, Abingdon, e. Feb. 22, 1864, killed
at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864.
Smith, C. F., Galesburg, e, Feb. 5, 1864, m. o. Nov.
24, 1865.
Snyder, Solomon, Abingdon, e. Feb. 16, 1864, died
at Vicksburg, May 25, 1864.
Scott, Wm. H., Knoxville, e. Jan. 5, misMng in ac-
tion at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864.
Thurman, Isaac, Galesburg, absent, sick at m.
o. regiment.
Turner, C. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 29. 1864, m. o.
Nov. 24, 1864.
Haurmon, Isaac, Abingdon, e. Feb. 8, 1864.
77th OTFAWTRY.
This regiment was mustered into the United States service Sept. 3, 1862, at Peoria ;
remained in camp there till Oct. 4. It then proceeded to Covington, Ky., and report-
ed to Maj.-Gen. Gordon Granger. Nov. 20, 1862, the regiment embarked on steamer
for Memphis; remained there until Dec. 20. The division was re-organized and
reported to Maj.-Gen. Sherman. Embarked at Memphis on the 20th, and proceeded
down the river with Sherman's army for the capture of Vicksburg. The 77th occu-
pied the extreme right of the line, and participated in the attack on rebel works.
After four days fighting the attack was abandoned, and the army proceeded to Milli-
ken's Bend, La. Left there Jan. 5, 1863, and arrived at Arkansas Post on the 10th.
Participated in the assault on the following morning; after a few hours' hard fight-
ing, carried the place, capturing all it contained. The loss of the regiment here was
6 killed and 39 wounded some of the latter mortally. The regiment in this battle
behaved admirably, and was complimented by the commanding general for its
gallant conduct.
The regiment remained with Gen. Grant's army during the entire campaign ar. iund
Vicksburg, and the siege of the latter place, until its surrender. It was engaged in
the actions at Champion Hills, May 17; Black river Bridge, May 19; first charge
on Vicksburg, the 22nd and 23rd ; losing in these engagements 20 killed, 86 wounded
and 26 missing. Vicksburg surrendered on the 4th of July, and the next day the
regiment marched to Jackson with the army under Sherman. Arrived July 9, and
was under the fire of the enemy at that place till the 16th, when Jackson was evacu- (
ated, and the 77th returned to Vicksburg, where it remained till Aug. 25, when it'
embarked for New Orleans, where it remained in camp until Oct. 3. Left New
Orleans at that time for Western Louisiana; marched up Red river, driving the
the enemy until Sabine Cross Roads was reached, on the 8th of April, 1864, where it
met the enemy in force. The 7 7th belonged to the division under Gen. Ransom,
which was ordered forward to support the advance cavalry. Before the army could
be brought forward to their support the whole rebel army came down on them and
overwhelmed the entire division. In this engagement the 77th suffered terribly:
Lieut.-Col. Webb was killed instantly, besides 176 officers and men killed, wounded,
and made prisoners, leaving only 125 men in the regiment for duty. On the next
day Gen. A. J. Smith's corps came up, and at Pleasant Hill another battle Was fought,
ending in the complete defeat of the rebels. The regiment was with Gen. Canby's
army during the entire siege and capture of Spanish Fort, Blakely, and Mobile, and
was under fire the entire time. It remained in camp at Mobile until July 10, 1865,
at which time it was mustered out of service.
In this regiment were 154 men from Knox county, in four companies. Of these
3 were killed, so far as we can learn, 17 died, 10 wounded, and 5 taken prisoners.
338
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Lieutenant Colonel.
J. hn A. Burdett, Knoxville, e. Sept. 2, 1862. re-
signed. Jan. 3, 1865.
Sergeant Major.
Henry P. Ayres, Galesbnrg, pro. adjutant,
Q. M. Sergeant.
Wm. Stiller, Knoxville, e. Aug, 7. 1862. m. o.
July 10, 1865.
COMPANY A.
Captain.
Gardner G. Stearns. Knoxville, Sept. 2, 1862, m. o,
July 10, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Merritt M. Clark, Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
Second Lieutenant*.
Charles H. Arms, Knoxville, e. Ang, 1, 1862, de-
clined commission.
Win. H. Willcox, Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, pris.
14 months, m. o. July 10. 1865.
First Sergeant.
W. H. Holcomb, Jr., Knoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862.
pro. in U. 8. C. troops.
Sergeant.
Thomas Harrison, Galesburg, e. July 18, 1862, pro.
in U. S. C. troops.
Corporal.
John H. Sanburn, Knoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862, pro.
in U. S. C. troop?.
Lyiuan West. Galesburg, e. July 17, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
John H. Griffith, Galesburg, e. July 31, 1862, m. o.
J une 7, 1865, as seryt.
Charles G. Fields, Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.o.
July 10, 1865.
Privates.
Avery, Robt. H., Galesbursr, e. Aug. 15, 1862. pris.
at Andersonville, m. o. June 9, 1865.
Anderson, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disch.
for wounds received at Ark. Post.
Bacon, H. F.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, killed at
New Orleans, Dec. 25, 1863.
Barber, Henry A. Elba, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June
17, 1865, as sergt.
Bolt, Samuel. Knoxville, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died of
wounds, June 21, 1863.
Bull, J. H., Galesburg. e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch
April 6, 1863, disability.
Burdett, W. H. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862
discb. April 7, 1863, disability.
Burliugame, J. C.. Galesburg, e. July 17, 1862, m.
o. July 10, 1865.
Butler, G. D., Galesburg, e. August 9, 1862, m. o
July 10, 1865, sergeant.
Churchill, W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862, died a
Young Point, La., Feb. 7, 1863.
Coe, W. S., Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, discharged
June 2, 1865, sergeant, disability.
Connel), Geo., Truro, e. Aug. 12, 1862, transfe-red
to V. R. C.
Conner, Isaac, Knoxville, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o
June 17, 1865.
Dippery, Milton, Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, dis-
charged Nov. 17, 1863, wounds.
Divert. James, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o
July 10, 1865.
Ferris, H. F., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, pro. in
U. S. C. troops.
Fisher, Alex. R., Knoxville, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died
in Knox Co., Oct. 10, 1863.
Foster, C. P., Trnro, e. Aug. 12, 1862, discharged
April 7. 1863. disability.
Fuller, P.O., Galesburg" e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o.
Jnly 10, 1865.
Green, Edwin F , Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865, corporal.
Hall, Ira R.. Galesburg. e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1855.
Hester, H. D., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 7, 1862. dis-
charged April 7, 1863, disability.
Hensey, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1882, discharged
April 7. 1863, disability.
Holcomb, Peter, Knoxville, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died
at New Orleans, Nov. 10, 1863.
Hnrd, A. E.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862. m. o.
July 8, 1865.
Jenney, E. W.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
Losey, H. E., Galesburg, Oct. 1, 1862, pro. major
in U. S. C. troop.
Luddington, W. W., Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862,
died at Cairo. March 10, 1863.
Mather, S. or Lewis R.. Kuoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862,
died at St. Louis, Feb. 14, 1^63.
Mather, Lewis. Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at
St. Louis, March 16, 1863.
Miller, H. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862, pro. in
U. S. C troops.
McGraw,J. M., Ualesburg, e. Ang. 18. 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865.
Moore, J. D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, dis-
charged June 11, 1863, disability.
Ostrander, J. W., Knoxville. e. July 31, 1862, died
at Milliken's Bend. April 6, 1863.
Ott, William, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6. 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865, pris. war.
Rambo, Julius, Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865.
Randall, J. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 12, 18fi2, m. o.
June 17. 1865.
Reynolds, John. Knoxville, e. Aug. 15, 1862, dis-
charged June 3, 1863. disability.
Russell, Alfred, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6,1862, m. o.
July 17, 1865.
ianburn, C. W , Knoxville, e. Ang. 1, 1862, m.
July 10, 1865
Swan, Lewis J., Knoxville, e Aug. 7, 1862, in. o.
July 10 1865.
Tarletou, J. H , Knoxville e. Aug. 11, 1862, m.
June 17. 1865
Tompkins, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, die
of wounds, Jan. 16, 1863.
Ward, C. H , Galesburg, e. Aug 11, 1862, pro. ho
pital steward, U. S. A.
Wilber, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, killed i
Vicksburg, May 22, 1853.
Witherell, A. D , Kuoxville, e. Aug 12, 1862, m. i
July 10, 1865.
Woodmansee, Geo .Jr., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 18
m. o June 17,1865.
Woodruff, Joseph D , Galesburg, e. Aug. 11, 18
died at Young Point, La,, June 9, 1863.
Woolsey, J. L , Knoxville, e. Aug. 1,1832, m.
July 10, 1865.
Recruits.
Allison, W. C. C., Galesbnrg, Fab. 11, 1864, m.
Aug. 15. 1865.
Arms, H. G., Knoxville, e., Dec. 16, 1863, m.
June 17, 1865.
Bartlett, Levi S., Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m.
June 24, 1865.
Bancroft, C. E.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Boher, Daniel. Galesburg, e. Jan. 20, 1864, m.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Bates. Francis, Galesburg. e. Jan. 26, 1864, died i
Galesburg, Oct. 12, 1864.
Chadrich. E. A.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Conaro. Geo. W., Galesburg, P. Feb. 12, 1864.
Day. C. H.. Wataga. e. Feb. 29, 1865, m. o. An
15, 1865.
Evans, F. M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Heagy, James F., Gales-burg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, died
at Baton Rouge, La., July 18. 1864.
Hope, C. C.. Galeeburg, e. Jan. 4. 1864, m. o. Jane
17, 1865.
Jndson. Alfred M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 27. 1864, m.
o. Aug. 15, 1865.
Kay, Robert, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15 1865.
Meadows, C. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, trans-
ferred to V. R. C.
May, Chfirles. Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Martin, F. M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 18, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Mather, James, Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, m o
June 17, 1865.
Ott. Samuel, Orange, e. Nov. 18, 1863, m. o. Aug.
15, 1865.
Perkins, Theodore, Persifer, e. Nov. 30, 1863. m.
o. June 17, 1865.
Price, C. W ., Galesbnrg, e. Nov. 9, 1864. pro. in
107th U. S. C. troop.
Rambo, J. S., Haw Creek, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o.
June 17, 1865, pris. war.
Rambo, Joseph. Haw Creek, e. Dec. 30, 1!
charged July 1, 1864, wounds.
Read, C. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Smith, William, Gilson, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o.
June 17, 1865, pris. war.
Smith, C. B.. Galeeburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864, m o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Spidle, Alfred, Persifer, e. Feb. 10, 1865, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Tree, Wm. S., Persifer, e. Dec. 30, 1863, died at
Tyler, Texas, July 22, 1864. pris. war.
Wallace, E. A., Galesburg, e. Feb. 22, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
Wentvvorth, M. H., Galesburg, e. Feb, 6, 1864, m.
Newman, P. S. L.. Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m.
o. May 13, 1865.
Standiford, DeWitt C.. Knoxville, e. Ang 22
1862, mo. June 2, 1865
Thnrman, Thomas, Elba, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865.
Thomas, G. W., Elba, e. Aug. 22, 1862,m. o. Aug.
15, 1865.
Recruits.
Adams, J. W,, Yates City, e. Dec. 29, 1863, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865,.
Hamerick, J. D., Yates City, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m. o.
June 17, 1865.
Lutkieweiz, J., Persifer, e. Feb. 10, 1865, m. o"
Aug. 15, 1865.
COMPANY ti.
Wagoner.
Jacob Alderdice, Eugene, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
Privates.
Collister, William, Eugene, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1864.
Ensley, Joseph D., Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
Ensley, Isaac, Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July
10, 1865.
Fetters, J. H,, Yates City, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
German, L. A., Truro, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m, o. July
10, 1865.
Jacques, H., Truro, e. Aug. 5, 1861.
Martin, Elias, Eugene, e. Aug. 12. 1862, reported
o Ang 15 1865 died ' wounds received April 8, 1864.
Witherell, Geo. W.,' Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1864, m. Mle8 ' A - B -' Eugene, e. Aug. 5, 1862, pro. hospital
o Aug 15 1865 steward.
Wills', Ben], F'., Parsifer, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Tuc * e 8 - Enaene, e - An S- 10 ' 1862 ' discharged
Aug 9 1865 I Feb - 18 ' 1863 -
Wallack, Jacob, Persifer, e. Feb. 10, 1865, m. o JH mmel > a *P er ' ^ates City.
Aug 15 1865 Stewart. Robert H., Elba, e. Feb. 19, 1864, m. o.
Aug. 15, 1865.
COMPANY F.
Captain.
James A. Secord. Yates City, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m.
o. July 10, 1865.
first Lieutenant.
Geo. C. Kenyon, Knoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862, pro.
captain, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865.
Musician.
Charles Nixon, Gileon, e. Aug. 22, 1862, killed at
Vicksburg, June 22, 1863.
Privates.
Coe, J. S., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
17, 1865, corporal.
Fowler, William, Gilson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865, corporal.
Hummell, Casper, Yates City, e. July 28, 1862.
Irwin, T. A., Knoxville, e, Aug. 7. 1862, discharged
Aug. 18, 1864, disability.
Johnson, N. E., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, dis-
charged May 30, 1863, disability.
Kent, James P., Yates City, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
Lawrence, Geo., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865, sergeant.
Lockbaura, D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
July 10, 1865.
Miner, James, Knoxville. e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865.
Macey, D. B., Yates City, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
June 17, 1865.
Miner, J. W., Knoxville, e. Aug. 11, 1862, dis-
charged June 10, 1863, disability.
June Dixon
COMPANY I.
First Lieutenants.
Thomas C. Mathews, Salem, e, Aug. 14, 1862, pro.
captain, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865,
Abraham Hull, Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July
10, 1865.
Privates.
Anderson, L. D., Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m.o. July
10, 1865.
Benton, R., Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862.
Cox, Wm. M., Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Ben-
ton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 2, 1862.
, Geo. M., Salem, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m.o. June
17, 1865.
Finch, Geo. T., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July
10, 1865.
Hill, J. C., Salem, e. Aug. 18, 1862, m. o. July
10, 1865.
Hildebrandt, P. A., Elba, Aug. 14, 1862, discharged
Aug. 19, 1863, disability.
Hauler, Anthony, Salem e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at
Louisville, Ky., Jan. 3, 1863.
Jordan, J. M., Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July
10, 1865.
Keller, Henry, Salem, e.Ang. 15, 1862, died at Cov-
ington, Ky., Nov. 15, 1862.
Matthews, John H., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans.
to V. R. C.
Moore, D. D., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at
Young's Pt., La., Feb. 1, 1863.
Thurman, Alexander, Salem, e. Aug. 18, 1862, m.
o. June 17, 1865.
Torby, Thomas, Salem, e . Aug. 18, 1862.
342
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Recruits.
Dixon, J. W., Yates City, e. Dec. 23, 1863, disch.
May 11, 1864, disability.
McRill, Samuel, Eugene, e. Dec. 24,1863, m.o
Aug. 15, 1865.
Null, S. C., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Aug. 15,
1865.
Denton, F. F,, Galesburg.
King, C., Eugene.
Morrissey, M., Galesbnrg.
Murray, Walter, Galesburg.
Martin, F. N., Wataga
McAllister, H. S., Galesburg.
Stevens, Samuel, Galesbnrg.
83d INFANTRY.
Was organized at Monmouth, 111., in August, 1862, by Col. A. C. Harding, and
mustered in Aug. 21. KQOX county furnished for the 83rd, 416 men, represented in
five different companies. They moved from camp to Cairo, 111., Aug. 25th, arriving
there on the 29th, and reported to Brig.-Gen. Tuttle, Sept. 3rd. Moved to Fort Henry,
and on the 5th, leaving two companies at Fort Heiman and three at Fort Henry, was
ordered to Fort Done! son, where the headquarters remained during the year, Col.
Low, 5th Iowa Cavalry, commanding brigade. The companies remaining behind
afterwards rejoined the regiment, and it remained at Fort Donelson until Sept. 20,
1863, when the right wing moved to Clarksville. The whole country, especially the
banks of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, was infested with guerrillas; the
regiment had daily skirmishes with the enemy ; some of them were quite severe, as
at Waverly, Tenn., and at Garretsburg, Ky., where the lamented Gen. Ransom, then
colonel of the llth Illinois, had command.
On the 3rd of February, 1863, nine companies of the 83rd, with Company C., 2nd
Illinois Light Artillery, successfully resisted the attack of Forrest and Wheeler, with
8,000 men. The battle lasted from half-past 1 o'clock till half-past 8, P. M., when
the enemy was compelled to retire, with a loss of 800 killed and wounded. The loss
of the regiment was 13 killed and 51 wounded. Col. Harding was promoted to
brigadier-general for gallant conduct on this occasion, and Lieut.-Col. A. A. Smith, to
colonel.
While at Clarksville the regiment was engaged in several expeditions under Maj.-
Gen. L. H. Rosseau, in pursuit of Forrest and Wheeler, who were attempting the
destruction of Gen. Sherman's communications.
During the year 1804 the regiment had some 200 miles of communication to guard,
and much heavy postal duty. During the winter of 1864-5, the 83rd was on postal
duty at Nashville, Tenn.
Of the men furnished by Knox county, there were 30 died from various diseases,
6 killed and 3 wounded. On the 26th of June, 1865, the 83rd was mustered out at
Nashville, and moved for Chicago, Brevet-Brig.-Gen. Arthur A. Smith commanding,
where it received pay and final discharge.
Colonel.
Arthur A. Smith, Galesbursr, e. Aug. 21, 1862, pro.
brig, gen., m. o. June 26, 1865.
Lieut. Colonel.
Elijah C. Brott, Knoxville, e. Sept. 30, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Quartermasters.
John B. Colton, Galesburg, e. Aug, 21, 1862, pro.
brig. q. m.
Harmon D. Bissell. Galesburg, killed at Ft. Don-
elson. Feb. 3, 1863.
Geo. Snyder. resigned Feb, 7, 1864.
Wm. H. Sexton, m. o. June 26, 1865.
Surgein.
Esaias S. Cooper, Henderson, e. Nov." 14, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
Second Assistant Surgeon.
Richard Morris, Galesburg, e. Sept. 20, 1862, pro.
surgeon 103d regiment.
Sergeant Major.
Theodore H. Hurd, Galesburg, e. 1862, disch. Feb-
3, 1863, disability.
Musician.
Nathaniel Coleman, Victoria, m. o. June 26, 1865.
COMPANY A.
Ritchie, Adam C., Haw Creek, e. Jan. 18. m.o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
COMPAWY C.
Stanley, P., Rio, e. Jan. 31, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, '65.
Underwood, Don Pedro, Rio, e. March 16, 1865, m.
o. Sept. 8, 1865.
COMPANY D.
Whitcomb, L. S., Rio, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Smith, E. F., Rio, e. Jan. 31, '65, m. o. Sept. 8, '65.
Thomson, R. J., Henderson, e. Feb. 15, 1864.
COMPANY E.
Captain.
James M. Gilson, Knoxville, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. <
June 26, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Erastus H. Pierce, Knoxville, e. Aug. 21, 1862,
o. June 26, 1865.
Second Lieutenants.
John L. Parsons, Galesburg, e. Aug. 12, 1862,
signed Feb. 18, 1863.
Thomas B. Tate, Knoxville, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. 0.
June 26, 1865.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
343
Sergeant?.
David P. W. West, Knoxville, e. July 28, 1862, m
o. June 26, 1865.
William S. Lowther, Knoxville, e. July 25 1862
disch. Jan. 12, 1863; disability.
Alexander R. Chillison, Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862.
m. o. June 26, 1865.
John P. Anderson, Knoxville. e. Aug. 2, 1862
disch. June 24 1863, disability.
Corporal?.
Nathan S. Arnold, Rio, e. Aug. 2, 1862. disch. Jan.
24, 1863, disability,
R. R. Huntington, Rio, e. July SI, 1862, disch. Jan.
9, 1863, wounds.
Hugh M. Lindsey, Knoxville, e.Aug. 2, 1862, disch.
July 19, 1863, disability.
James Henderson, Wataga, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Green, J. D., Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Glenn, B. C.. Center Pt., e. Aug. 7, 1862, drown-
ed April 20, 1865.
Gordon, T. J., Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m.o.
June 26. 1865.
Hearn, I. R.. Chestnut, e. July 31, 1862, disch
June 3. 1864. disability.
Haptonstall, Wm., Persifer, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch.
Feb. 16, 1865, disability.
Harmon. Geo., Ontario, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. O.June
26, 1865.
Haynes, Edward. Orange, e. Ang. 5, 1865, m o
June 26, 1865.
Hunks. Geo. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died
at Paducah, Ky.,Nov.27, 1862.
Heath. S. F., Center Pt., e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865.
Huffmire. Geo. E., Orange, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 26.1865.
Asbton Hall, Copley, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Ft. Hulburt, Lyman B., Maquon e. Aug. 5,1862 in.o.
Donelspn, April 10, 1863. Jurl e 26, 1865.
B. Campbell, Knoxville, e.Aug. 6, 18 .2, m.o. Jnne.Hummell. John, Knoxville, e. Aug 5 1862 m o
2t>, 1865, as sergt. June 26, 1865.
Andrew Lewis^ Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Hughes, R., Haw Creek, e. July 31, 1862, m.o.
June 26, 1865. June 26i 1865
James Huffmire, Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, disch.
Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
Privates.
Johnson, J. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Jacoby, J. W., Orange, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Anderson, A., Victoria, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. Johnson, Swen, Knoxville, e. Ang. 5, 1662, m. o.
June 26, 1862, wounded. June 26, 1865
Buck, Wm. H., Knoxville, July 25, 1862, killed at Lopeman, L. S., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862. m. o.
Ft. Donelson Feb. 3, 1864.
June 26, 1865.
Borrill, Robert, Abingdon, e. July 2S, 1862, m. o. Lopeman, M. D., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865,
Bruce, Wm. M., Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, disch.
July 3, 1863, disability.
Barrett, Moses, Copley, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June Lockbaum, Samuel, Knoxville, e. Aug. 4,1862,
26, 1805.
Baird, C., Ontario, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m.o. June 26.
1865.
Blair, Anthony, Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch.
Jan. 26, 1863, disability.
Bratt, Carlos, Victoria,e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Bradford, Wm. H., Haw Creek, e. Ang. 11, 1862,
m. o. June 26, 1865.
Carroll, Samuel, Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, died
at Ft. Donelson, April 29, 1864.
Chase, W. B., Orange, e. July 31, 1862, died at Ft.
Donelson, June 17, 1863.
Collison, N. A., Victoria, e. July 25, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Cheesman, S., Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, disch.
March 23. 1863, disability.
Cronnoble, Geo. W.. Haw Creek, e. Aug. 2, 1862,
m. o. June 26, 1865.
Case, Cortes, Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Curry, Geo. A., Knoxco.
Crump, Seth, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Coe, C. B., Center Point, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 18ti5, as corpl.
Cover, Wm. M.. Knoxville, e. Aug
June 26. 1865.
11, 1862, m. o.
Donelly. Andrew. Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
4, 1865. disability.
Eason, Andrew, Ontario, e. July 31, 1862, clisch.
June 4, 1864.
26, 1865.
Fitch, Amos S.,Rio, e. Aug. 8. 1862, disch. March
15, 1865, disability.
Gump, N. H., Gilson, e. Jv-lySl, 1862, disch. Sept.
18, 1863, disability.
Goodman, A., Orange, e July 31, m. o. June 26,
1865, as corpl .
June 26, 1865, as corpl.
Gillis, T.S.,Rio, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26,
1865, as corpl .
June ^6, 1865.
Lander, J. O., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1852, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
died at Paducah, Ky., Oct. 12, 1862.
Melton, H., Ontario, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Sept.
18, 1863, disability.
Murray, T., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 26, 1865.
Massey, F. M., Orange, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Mattison Swen, Knoxville, Aug. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Moore, Geo. B., Center Point, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 2<>, 1865.
Mitchell, R. H., Copley, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Mcllwain, Wm. B., Persifer, e. Ang. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as corpl.
Price, James, Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, disch.
June 17, 1863, disability.
Penn, Wm., Knoxville, e. July 24, 1862, m.o. June
21, 1865.
Peterson, Peter, Knoxville. e. July 31, 1862, disch.
JulyS, 1863, disability.
Peterson, Peter, Knoxville, e. July 26, 1862, died
at Ft. Donelson, Nov. 12, 1862.
Phillips, Edwin, Persifer, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Price, Robert H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Pickrel, J. W., Gilson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, killed by
guerrillas, Sept. 18, 1863.
Rynear, H., Persifer, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26,
1865.
flyer, R., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5. 1862, disch. June Russell, Warren, Persifer, e. Ang. 2, 1862, disch.
Jan. 21, 1865, disability.
Richardson. J. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862,
disch. March 13, 1863, disability.
Flynn, Wm., Persifer, e. July 31,1862, m. o. June Stogdell, R. A., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Sypherd, J. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as sergt.
Scott, J. W., Knoxville. e. Aug^Jl, 1862, died at
Paducah, Ky., Oct. 6, 1862. *!
Shaw, C. G., Knoxville, e. July 24, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865, as 1st sergt.
Goodman. John, Ga'esburg, e. July 31, 1862, m. o Strine, S. G., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 18h5.
Stevens, C. W., Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as sergt.
314
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Stevenson. Swen, Kuoxville, e. Aug. 5,1862, m. o.
June 21.1t-65.
Stancliff, Wm. H., Center Point, e. Aug. 7, 1802,
disch. Nov. 19, 1803, disability.
Villiar O., Victoria, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26,
1865.
Vorge, R. A., Gilson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Van Orman, H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch.
April 27, 1864, disability.
Webb, Valentine C., Knoxville, e. Aug. 8,1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865. as corpl.
Wallace, J. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as corpl.
Wallick, James O., Persifer, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Wright, Cyrus. Lynn, e. Aug. 2, 1S62, disch. Feb.
25, 1864, disability.
Wolf, Alfred P., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 5, 1863, killed
by guerrillas, Sept. 18, 1863.
Wetmore, C. B., Outario, e. Aug. 5, 1862, dis-
charged April 13, 1863, wounds.
Woolsey, Jamec, Knoxville, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
Jane 24, 1865.
Wilt, Henry, Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1865.
Recruits.
Brown, J. F., e. April 1, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865.
Burnett, J. E., Hendersou, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Benson, H., Persifer, e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Sept.
8, 1865.
Rufus Cleveland, Yates City, e. Aug. 7, 1862, dis-
charged Sept. 26, 1863, disability.
William Davis. Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Corporal f.
John Williams, Maquon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, dis
charged Dec. 22, 1862, disability.
Joseph D. Woods, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, dis-
charged Aug. 20, 1863, disHbility.
Anson C. Geer, Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1863, m. o. June-
26, 186.3, sergeant.
Charles 8. Long, Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
P. Onderkirk, Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1862,discharged
Dec. 22. 1862, disability.
AustinjW. Buffum, Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Wagoner.
Samuel W. Crabill, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Privates.
Aldricb, I. H., Maquon, e. Aug.7, 1862, discharged
Ang. 15, 1863, uisability.
Atwood, C. L., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1863, died at
Fort Donelson, Oct. 24, 1863.
Bartlett, David, Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, sergeant.
Beeson, Wm. II., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
Benson, H. K., Persifer, e. Feb. 10, 1865, m. o.| June 26, 1865, sergeant.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Castle, R. A. Ctdar, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept.
8, 1865.
Dailey, L. A., Rio, m. o. June 26, 1865.
Bencher, John, Yates City, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865.
Boden, M M., Salem, e. Ang. 9, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Flynu, Berij., Persifer, e. March 12, 1864, killed by Brown, Peter, Maquon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, dis
guerrillas at White Oak, Tenn., April 1, 1865.
Holcomb. Ola W.. Sparta, e. Dec. 23, 1863, dis-
charged May 28, 1865. disability.
Henry, Wm., Sparta, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept.
8, 1865.
Howe, Wm., Haw Creek, e. Jan. 19, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Massie, Eli P., Knoxville, e. Nov. 23, 186!, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Mitchell, A. W., Knoxville, e. March 12, 1864, m.
o. Sept. 8, 1865.
Mattson, O. P., Abingdon, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o.
Sept.8, 1895.
Mattson, C. W., Abingdon, e. Jan. 4, 1864, dis-
charged June 4, 1863, disability.
Parkins, Levan A., Persifer, e. March 16, 1862,
discharged March 21,1865.
Ramp, David, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 25, 1864, m. o,
Sept. 8, 1865.
Wilcox, N. G., Knoxville, e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865, corporal.
Zimmerman. N., Persifer, e. Feb. 10, 1865, pro.
quarter-master sergeant.
COMPANY G.
Captain.
John G. Hammick, Maqnon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
First Lieutenants.
Horace Jones, Maquon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, resigned
Nov. 11, 1863.
John Jones, Salem, e. Aug. 21, 1862.
Second Lieutenants.
19, 1864.
Clark B. Hughes, Maquon, e. Ang. 6, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865.
Sergeants.
William Jones, Knox Co., e. Aug. 9, 1862, pro
in 16th U. S. C. troops.
charged Dec. 22, 1862, disability.
Buckley, N., Salem, e. Aug. 11, 1863, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Buckman, C. P., Yates City, e. Aug. 9,1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, corporal.
Bnffman, J. W., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, absent
sick at m. o. regiment.
Bissell, H. D.
rowman, H. W., Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, sergeant.
Cox, I. L., Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, discharged
June 4, 1864, disability, corporal,
'aeler, Edward, Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
ollins, H. A., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. June
26, Ifc65.
lonlon, Owen, Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Cowman, D. F.. Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1863, m. o.
June 2li, 1865, as corporal.
Cox, H. S., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1865.
Collimane. M., Maquon. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1865, corporal.
Dalton, S., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June
26 1S65.
Dorn, Jacob, Salem, e. Au = '. 11, 1862, m.o. June
Pinney, Thomas T., Orange, e. Aug. 7, 1862, dis-
charged Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
Grim. Jonathan, Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862. m. o. June
26, 1865.
Gabriel, Wm., Maquon, e. Ang. 10, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1865.
Golllday, Geo. W., Salem, e. Ang. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Gray J. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, discharged
Dec. 20, 1864, disability.
John Morton, Maqnon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died June Grigsby, T. S., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. Jun
Gnnsanlis, J. B., Salem, e. Ang. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865.
Hehir, James, Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. Jan
nolloway, J J. E., Salem, e. Aug. 9,1862, m.o. June
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
345
Horton, F. S., Chestnut, e. Aug. 11,1862, m.o. June Recruits.
Hunter, Benj., Salem, e. Aug. 5, 1862, discharged Bec ^ am P- a ^Sk H '' Ma 1 on ' e ' Dec " *' 1863, m. o.
Jan 4 1863 disability Sept. 8, 1865, corporal.
Ingham'. Z. W., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m.o. June Ban 3 ba ^? r ' Peter > Salem ' Feb - 3 ' 1865 ' m - - ^P 1 '
526 1865 * lobo.
Jobes', W/W., Salem, e. Aug 11, 1862, absent, ^g 61 ]^'' Salem ' e ' Peb ' 3 ' 1865 ' m ' - Sept '
Jones! L^,'Maqu1>n% n Aug. 11, 1862, m.o. June Cow man ' ,/< Silem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept.
26 1865 i 1865.
Jones] W. O., Orange, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June Oom bs ' J- T -> Maquon, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m.o. Sept.
26 1865 8, i865 ' corporal.
Leland, James, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m.o. June i Dar e "&j? eo -' Ma( l uon ' e - Dec - ^ 1863,'.m.o. Sept.
Lewis', ] W. 5 'A.. Haw Creek, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o . Dar nelK James Maquon, e. Feb. 17, 1865, trans, to
June 26 1865 Co - G , 61st Inf.
McCoy, Allen, Salem, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June Dalton, Wm., Elba, e. Jan. 18, 1863, m. o. Sept.
26 1865 ' 1865.
McCoy R., Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June Dalton, Lewis, Elba, e. Jan. 18, 1863, m. o. Sept.
26 1865 8 ' 1865.
Milam. James. Maquon, e. Aug, 8, 1862, drowned George, Wm. A., Kuoxville e. Nov. 9, 1863, m. o.
Oct 19 1864 Sept. 8, 1865, as corporal.
Mitchell, W. F.', Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. H111 i K *JSL' G '' Salem ' e - Jan - 19 ' 1865 < m - - ^P 4 -
June 26 1865 8, 1865.
Moore, H. H., Maquon, Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June Hilligraes. Wm., Salem, e. Jan. 21, 1865, m.o. Sept.
26 1865 8, 1865.
Morehead, D. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o . Hollowa y' J -' Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept.
June 26, 1865. . .8,1865.
Murphy, Michael, Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Morse, N. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
2t>, 1865, 1st sergeant.
McMannan, G. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, dis-
charged May 29, 1865, disability.
McCullock, Wm., Maquon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
O'Neal, Cornelius, Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, dis-
charged May 15, 1864, disability.
Reibstock, James, IIawCreek,e. Aug. 10, 1862, pro.
in 8th U. S. C. H. artillery.
Richmond, Seth, Haw Creek, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865, corporal.
Rooth, R. M., Salem, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Haines. John, Ontario, e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Sept.
8. 1865.
lamilton, L.
Moore, St. Claire, Maquon, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Morse, J. C., Maquon, e. March 15, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Morehead. Wm., Maquon, e. Feb. 2, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Ouderkirk, W., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Pickenpaugh, Wm., Maquon, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m.
o. Sept. 8, 1865.
Roath, B. M., Salem, m. o. June 26, 1865.
Stephenson, A., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865, m.
o. Sept. 8. 1865.
26, 1865.
Roberts, J. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, discharged
Jan. 24. 1863, disability.
Rbzer, Peter, Yates City, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Runniou, Isaac, Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, absent
sick at m. o. regiment.
Runnion, W., Salem, e. Aug. 9, -'1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Scott, Wm. B., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, corporal
Shafer, J. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Simkins, Wm. W., Salem, e. Aug. 7 1862.
Spalding, J. T., Salem, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Stargell, J. H.. Haw Creek, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1855.
Stanton, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1865.
Sutton, John, Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, discharged
June 10, 1863, disability.
! Simkins, G. W., Maquon. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865.
Simkins, J., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 9, 1862.
Taylor, F., Salem, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Thurman, G. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865.
Thurman, Jas., Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o
June, 26, 1865.
Thurman, P., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
Roberts, A.'. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June Thurman, J. H.. Maquon e. Dec. 28, 1863, died at
Louisville, Ky., Sept. 26, 1864.
COMPANY I.
Captain.
Joseph B. Dawley. Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m.
. June 26, 1865.
First L/ieutenants.
Daniel D. Shoop, Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, re-
signed Feb. 14, 1863.
Wm. G. Latime, Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
Wm. W. Shrader. Abingdon, e. March 20, 1863, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
Sergeants.
James M. Mann, Abingdon, e. July 16, 1862, pro.
Lieut. 3d Mo. Inf.
Andrew J. Gillett. Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865, 1st sergt.
Robert T. Gwinn, Abingdou, e. Aug. 7, 1862, pro.
Lieut. 3d Mo. Inf.
Henry McCord, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
26, 1865.
Timmons, D. W.,
charged Jan. 24. 1863, disability.
em, e. Aug. 11, 1862, dis-
Albert Evans, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, detached
as Lieut. 116th U. S. C. troops.
James H. Freeman, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862
died at Fort Donelson, Nov. 28. 1862.
Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
July 19, 1863, disability.
26, 1865.
20
Corporals.
Welker, J., Chestnut, e. Aug. 11, 1862, discharged James W. Russell, Abingdon, e. Aug. 11,1862,
commissioned in vol. ser.
Westfleld, C. Maquon. e. Aug. 6, 1862, discharged Wm. M. Veatch. Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 24. 1865, as sergt.
White, A. J., Galesburg. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m.o. June Wm. Hearst, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o .June
26, 1865, as sergt.
346
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Joseph M. Downes. Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862,
disch. Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
John A. Coleinan, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862,
disch. Feb. 3, 1864, wounds.
J. J. Cochran. Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as sergt.
Musicians.
Wm. J. Flecker. Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Christopher Walkup, Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862,
died at Fort Donelson, Oct. 4, 1862.
Wagoner.
James Garver, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch.
Jan. 9, 1863, disability.
Privates.
Adkins, Vinton, Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
' June 26, 1865.
Adkins, M. C., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Adkins, C. J., Hermon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Blair, Wm. W.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 6,1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865.
Baldwin, T. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch
Dec. 19. 1862, disability.
Brunson. Esty, Wataga, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Beers, Frederick J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862,
disch. Jan. 3, 1863, disability.
Burton. A., Hermon, e. Aug.
26, 1865.
McNamer, C. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m.
June 26, 1865.
McCarty, J,. Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disci
March 13,1864, disability.
Maxwell, W. P.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Miller, Doctor B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, disability.
Morris. Miles. Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans.
to V. R. C.
Nichols. C.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at
Clarksville,Tenn., Jan. 21, 1865.
Pointer, Wm. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Russell, B. R., Abingdon, e. July 20, 1862. disch.
to accept com.'in vol. service.
Reeves, E. J.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at
Clarksville,Tenn. Nov. 16, 1862.
Shoop, W. H.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865.
Strain, D. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Smith, F. M.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Smith, P., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. June
11, 1863, disability.
Smith, S. A. C. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
Underwood, E. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862,
o. June 26, 1865.
Vandell, Joseph D., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Vandel, C. W., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. Jan.
24, 1863, disability.
Brawn, D. F.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865
Clark, J. C.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Dec.
5, 1863, disability.
Collison, J. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Canen, Allen, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862. m. o
June 26, 1865.
Crawford, J. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865, as corporal.
Chapman, D. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Camp, J. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865.
Oochran, Asbury, Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m
o. June 26, 1865.
Cochran, Milton, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Chaff ee, T. L. D.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch.
March 15, 1863, disability.
Oambridge, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
Diefenderfer, A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865.
Diven, Geo. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862
drowned Aug. 20, 1863.
Edmonson, J. R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, killed
at Fort Donelson, Feb. 3. 1863.
Graham, D. N., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1362, m. o
June 26. 1865, as corporal.
Hewitt, David, Abingdon.
Herriott, A. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862.
Hawkins, Benj. F. Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862,
disch. Dec. 13, 1862, disability.
Hale. J. R , Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June
26,1865.
Hibbs, K. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch.
Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
Hood, U. H.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Jones, Elliott, Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Latimer, J. A., Abingdon. e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o.
1S62, m. o. June Vannander, J. W.. "Hermon. e. Arg. 11, 1862,
disch. June 2, 1865, disability.
Woods, Peter. Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o
June 26, 1865.
Warren, I.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Recruits.
June 26, 1865, as corporal.
Myers. A. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Myers, I. F., Abingd n ,e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June Wm
26, 1865.
Miller, Eli, Abingdon, Aug. 9, 1862, m.
26, 1865.
Brown, Wm. W., Abingdon, died at Clarksville,
Tenn., June 26. 1863.
Fauble, Geo., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o.
June 26. 1865.
Graves, A. D.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 21. 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Kerns. Milton, Maquon.
Russell, J. R., Abingdon, e, Dec. 14, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
COMPANY K..
Captain.
Geo. W. Reynolds, Victoria, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. i
June 26, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Richard D. Russell, Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 18
m. o. June 26,1365.
Second Lieutenant.
John S. Garrett. Victoria, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m.
June 26, 1865.
1st Sergeant.
A. O. Wilmarth, Victoria, e. Aug. 1, 1862, died
Ft. Donelson, March 1, 1863.
Sergeants.
Wm. C. Montgomery, Wataga, e. Aug. 1, 1862,
disch. Dec. 1, 1862, disability.
Noah Swickerd, Victoria, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, 1st sergt.
Geo. H. Champlin, Wataga, e. Aug. 1, 1862, die
at Ft. Donelson, Jan. 13, 1863.
J. H. Hedstrom, Victoria, e. Aug. 1. 1862, pro. la
Lieut. 8th U. S. C. artillery.
Corporate.
W. W. Biggert, Knox, co. e. Aug. 1, 1862
pro. 1st Lieut. 8th U. S. C. artillery.
June James W. Temple. Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862,
Capt. 101st U. S. C. troops.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
347
Lambert S. Lucien, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 18(i2, pro.
Capt. 8th U. S. C. artillery.
Geo. VV. House, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1802, disch.
Jan. 8, 1864, disability.
J. T. Suydam, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862; died at
Ft. Donelson, Jan. 6.
Wm. II. Perkins, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died at Ives, N, B., Knox CO., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
Ft. Donelson, Aug. 26, 1864.
Thomas G. Stewart, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862,
disch. June 17. 1863, disability.
Northrop Coon, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch
May 25, 1864, disability.
Wagoner.
John M. Young, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died at
Mound City, March 31, 1863.
Privates.
Anstrom, J., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Anderson, Win. P., Knox co..e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Arie. Anthony, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as corpl.
Brown, Wm., Knoxco., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Barthwell. A.. Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as corpl.
Barringer, H., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
June 2, 1865, disability.
Bornar, Henry J , Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
Cook, J. H., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865, as sergt.
Coon, G. J., Knox co., e. Aug. 1,1862, disch. Dec.
27, 1862, disability.
Cain. S. D., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Cadwell, E. J., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Colman, N , Victoria, e. Aug. 1, 1862, pro. princi-
pal musician.
Collins, J., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died at Ft.
Donelson, Feb. 25, 1863.
Curry, Andrew A., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 18R5.
Cherrington, M., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 18t>2, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Dawson, J. C., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Day, David, Knox co., e. Aue. 1, 1862, died at
Paducah, Ky., Feb. 26, 18637
Darr. Thomas M., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
Feb. 6, 1863, disability.
Everett, Elmer, Knox CO., Aug. 1. 1862, m. o. June
26, 18ti5, as corpl.
Ensign, Nathan R., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m.
o. June 26, 1865.
Force, Joseph, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
March 1, 1865, diability.
Force, Isaac, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, discharged
Dec. 13, 1862, disability.
Frederick, Geo. W., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died
at Fort Henry, Tenn., Sept. 30, 1862.
Freed, John, Knox co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Gifford, T., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died at Fort
Donelson. March 6, 1863
Horton, Alex., Knox CO., e Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Harrison, C. W., Knox co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, sergeant.
Irving, J. A., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
26, 1865.
Clarksville, Tenn., April 8. 1865.
Grayham, Ira G., Knox co. e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Goff. J. E., Knox CO., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Gaines, Geo. H., Knox co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1S5, sergeant.
Hnbbell, T.J.,Knox co., e. Aug. 1,1862, discharged
Jan. 11, 1S65, disability
May 6. 18(53, disability.
.R. C.
26. 1865, sergeant.
Johnson, Jonas, Knox CO.. e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Lynes, C. H., Knox co., e. Aug. 1,1862, discharged
May 6, 1863. disability.
Martin, Leroy, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, trans, to
V. R. C.
McCready, Jesse, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, dis-
charged June 11, 1864, disability.
Menard, H. E.. Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
McGill. Wm., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862. discharged
for pro. to 2d lieut. 8th TJ. S. C. artillery.
McClung, Geo. H., Knox co. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Norton, Wm. H., Knox co.. e. Aug. 1, 1865, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Parmentier. H. S., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, dis-
charged Jan. 24, 1863, disability.
Pease, G. A., Knox CO., e. Aug. j, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Pratt, David D., Knox co., e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, corporal.
Robinson, Parsons. Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, dis-
charged, Dec. 1, 1862, disability.
Reed, Geo. H., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1865.
Slater, J. H., Knox CO., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Sornberger, A., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m.o. June
26, 1895-.
Sornberger, G. M., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, dis-
charged. July 17, 1863, disability.
Stockwell. C. A., Knox CO., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Shade, Jacob, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Smith, Phillip, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Sawdy, Rufus, Knox co., e. Aug." 1, 1862. died at
Ft. Donelson January 13, 1863.
Sweeny, George, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Stanley, J. L., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862,' m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Tapp, J. B., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o. June
26, 1865.
Tapp, \incent, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
Aue. 21. 1864, disability.
Terry, David, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch. for
pro. to 2d Lieut, in U. S. C. troops.
Whitehead, A.. Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865, as corpl.
Williamson, J., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
March 13, 1863, disability.
Young, Robert, Knox co., e. Aug. 12. 1862, m. o.
June 26, 1865.
Recrnits.
Armstrong, W. H., Sparta, e. Dec. 28, 1863, pro. 2d
Lieut. 8th,U. S. C. H. art.
Gray, M. F., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, m.o. June Burgess, F. W., Copley, e. Jan. 95, 1865, m. o.
Grayham, C. R., Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, died at Collins, H.' C., Sparta, e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o.'.Sept.
8, 1865.
Darr. J. B., Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 10, 1864, m. o. Sept.
8, 1865, as corpl.
Dunhar, Geo., Rio. e. Jan. 31, 1865, corp'l, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
Dunbar, F. M., Rio. e. Jan. 31, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8,
1865.
Everett. E., Galesburg, e. Feb. 10, 1864, m. o. Sept.
8, 1865, as sergt.
TI IV. AX TlJ ~~~1 mmmmf. o< 1OUU, 3 DClt^l/.
larlbutt, F., Knox co.. e. Aug. 1. 1862, discharged House, W. A.. Knox CO., e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
, L. S, Knox co., e. Aug. 1, 1862, trans, to McCleery, J. T.,'Galesburg, e. Feb. 10, 1864, m.o.
Sept. 8, 1865.
348
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Pease, S. A., Victoria, e. Feb. 1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8,
1865.
Pease. A. T., Copley, e. Jan. 18, 1865, m.o. Sept. 8,
1865.
Russell, J. R., Abingdon, e. Dec. 14, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 8, 18b5.
Heath, M. L., Sparta. e.Dec. 28, 1863,died at camp
Butler Feb. 11, 1864.
Miller, John. Ontario, e. Feb. 6, 1865.
Ray, J. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 3, 1864, m. o. May
21, 1865.
86th INFANTRY.
Was organized at Peoria, 111., in 1862. Moved for Louisville. Marched from
camp Oct. 1, and on the 8th was engaged in the battle of Perryville; engaged in
the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 20 and 21. Moved into Lookout Valley Oct. 29.
In the night of Nov. 23, crossed the river on a pontoon and camped at the foot of
Missionary Ridge. Pursued the enemy on the 26th to Ringgold, and was then
ordered to Knoxville, Tenn. Marched as far as Little Tennessee River, and returned
to Chattanooga Dec. 18, after a most severe march. Was engaged at Buzzard's
Roost, May 9, 10 and 11 ; Resaca, May 14, 15 ; Rome, 17th 6 killed, 11 wounded ;
Dallas, from May 27 to June 5; Kenesaw Mountain, from June 11 to 27, losing 110
killed and wounded. It again engaged the enemy on the banks of the Chattahoo-
qhe on the 18th of July ; at Peach Tree Creek on the 19th, and near Atlanta. 20th and
22nd. Engaged in the siege of Atlanta. Commenced the " march to the sea" Nov.
16. Arrived at Savannah Dec. 21. After the surrender of Johnson, marched, ma.
Richmond, to Washington City, at which place was mustered out of service, June 6
1865. Died, killed and wounded, 346. Marched 3,500 miles; by rail, 2,000.
The 86th Regiment contained 93 men from Knox county ; 5 were killed, 3 wounded,
8 died, and 3 were taken prisoners.
COMPANY F.
Captain.
James L. Burkhalter, Maquon, e. Aug. 27, 1862, m.
o. June 6, 1865.
First Lieutenants.
Nelson D. Combs, Maquon, e. Aug. 27, 1862, re-
sisnedJan.il, 1863.
John Hall, Maquon, e. Aug. 27, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865.
Second Lieutenant.
Amos P. Loveland, Maquon, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Sergeants.
John W. Mire, Maqnon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Timothy D. West, Maqnon, e. Aug. 7, 1862. m. o.
June 6, 1865, as 1st sergt.
John A. Freemold, Maquon, e. July 23, 1862, killed
at Keneeaw Mountain, June 27. 1864.
Wm. Swlgart, Jr.. Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, died
at Nashville Nov. 18, 1862.
Corporals.
Barnett E. Haines, Maquon, e. July 24, 1862, eergt.
died at Chattanooga May, 1864.
James T. Dudley, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 22, 1865, serg't. wounded.
Samuel B. Onderkirk, Maqnon, Ang. 2, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
William Liewallen, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, dis-
charged Oct. 15, 1862, disability..
Ethan Allen, Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862.
J. W. Smithson, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at
Danville, Ky., Nov. 18, 1862.
Benj. F. Scott, Maquon e. July 31. 1852, m. o. June
6, 1865, as serg't.
Wm. M. Gardner, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
July 4, 1865, as serg't.
Musicians.
John G- Jones. Maquon. e. July 31, 1862, disch
March 11. 1863, disability.
Wm. M. Smithson, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, dis
charged Feb. 2, 1863, disability.
Wagoner.
John Barbero, Jr., Maqnon, e. July 31, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Privates.
Arie, S. C., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, on furlough at
m. o. regiment.
Atwood. C. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865 .
oon, Wm. S.. Maquon, e. Ang. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6. 1885.
Coon, David. Maquon. e. Ouly 29, 1862, disch. Oct.
21. 1862. disability.
ombs Wilson H.. Maquon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, dis-
charged Feb. 11, 1863, disability,
oon, Isaac, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
aulkins, Wm., Maquon, e. July 81, 1862, m. o.
June 6. 1865.
Clark. A., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865. as corpl.
lark, N. G., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, disch. Feb.
12, 1863. disability,
'onner. J. H., Maquon, e. July 23, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Dunn, D. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Davis, F., Maquon, e. Aug. 2,'62, m.o. June 6.'65.
Dawdy, L. J., Maqnon, e. Aug. 1. 1862, pro. adju-
tant, hon. disch. April 25, 1865.
Darnell, S., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, disch. Feb.
28. 1863, disability.
Dickson. A., Maqnon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, as corpl.
Darnell, JoeJ. Maquon. e. Aug.2, 1862, disch. March
31, 1865, disability.
Davis, C. C., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, as corpl.
Freemold, M., Maquon, e. Jnly 29, 1862. m. o. June
6. 1865.
Finch, Bruce, Maqnon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Foreman, E., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June
29, 1865.
Grove, Wm. A., Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, m. P
May 23, 1865.
Grabill. Ira, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1805.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
349
Gibbs, Harrison, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Grissom, M.. Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862. disch. Jan.
16, 1863, disability.
George, Riley, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862.
Griffith. M. A., Maquon. e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, as corpl.
Gabriel, W., Maquon, Aug. 2, 1862, disch. May 8,
1863, disability.
Humphrey, A., Maquon, July 23, 1862, disch. Ap'l
22, 1863, dipability.
Hughs, John, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, disch. Jan.
17, 1863, disability.
Holloway, Wm. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died
at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 17, 1862.
Honsh, Thomas, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch.
April 1, 1863, disability.
Housh, Adam, Maquon, e. Aug. 7,1862, disch. Feb.
24, 1863, disability.
Honsh, J. D., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June
6. 1865, as corpl.
Housh, Jacob, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, trans, to
V. R. C.
Hall. Henry, Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Gal-
latin, Tenn., Dec. 18, 1862.
Humphry. F. C., Maquon. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as corp'l.
Jones, Wm. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 31, 1862, trans, to
V. R. C.
Kerns, J. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
McCulloch, W. J., Maquon, e. Aug 3, 1862, killed
at Rome. Ga., May 17, 1864.
McFarren, J. R., Maquon. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disch.
Feb. 1, 1863, disability.
McVay, Franklin L., e. July 24, 1862, transferred to
V. R. C.
McKoon, C. W., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Moon, R. A., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Mar.
11, 1863, disability.
Moon, J. R,, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
McNanghton, James, Maquon, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m.
o. June 6, 1865, as sergt., wounded.
McGrew, J. A. H., Maquon, Aug. 4, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
McVay. J. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Mowry. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, corpl, trans.
toV.R.C.
Mick, R. M.. Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Oct.
22, 1862, disability.
Norris, J.. Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Nash-
ville. Tenn.. May 25, 1863.
Norris, Geo., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, war prisoner.
Ouderkirk, Martin, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Perry, Wm. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862.
Paterson, Jesee, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at
Nashville. Tenn., Dec. 16. 1864, wounds.
Pattee, J. F., Maquon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865. as corpl.
Reeder, Alfred, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 26, '65,
war pris.
Smith. Silas, Maquon, e. July 26, 1862. killed at
Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864.
Smith, A., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, '62, m.o. June 6, '65.
Smith, J. M. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch.
Oct. 29, 1864, wounded.
Smith, John A., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Smith, T. C., Maquon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Oct.
21, 1862, disability.
Snyder, Alex., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
6. 1865.
Stodgell, Wm. A., Maquon, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Turntine, Reece, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at
Nashville Jan. 7, 1863.
Thurman, Wm. T., Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, trans.
to Miss. Marine Brig.
Upp. C. W.. Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, killed at
Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864.
Vogler. J.. Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, killed at Rome,
Ga.. May 17, 1864.
Wells, V. G.. Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, discharged
Feb. 5, 1864, disability.
West, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. July
22, 1865. war prisoner.
Walter, B. S., Maquon. e. Aug. 2, 1862, discharged
Feb. 2, 1863, disability.
Waddle, J., Maquon, e. July 24, 1862, discharged
Oct. 21, 1862, disability.
Wilson. J. F., Maquon, e. Aug. 4. 1862, m.o. June
6, 1865.
Walter, U. R., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, corporal.
Way, A. J, Maquon. e. Aug. 26, 1862, discharged
March 13. 1863, disability.
West, T. D., Maquon, e. Aug. 26, 1862.
89th INFANTRY.
The "Railroad Regiment" was organized by the railroad companies of 111., at
Chicago, in August, 1862; ordered to Louisville, Ky., Sept. 4. The regiment, on
leaving Louisville, started in pursuit of the rebel forces under Gen. Bragg, and after
a fruitless and wearisome march of a month, reached Bowling Green. Cliickamauga
seemed to fix the seal of its devotion. There fell Lieut-Col. Duncan J. Hall, Capts.
Rice, Spink, and Whiting, and Lieut. Ellis, besides the scores of brave men who
fought with noble heroism, and who dared to "do and die" in defense of the "old
flag." At Mission Ridge the regiment again encountered the foe. It then marched
to the relief of Burnside, besieged at Knoxville. This accomplished, it moved on
with the brigade, in the marches and counter-marches through East Tennessee.
Early in April, 1864, it marched with the command to South Tennessee, prepara-
tory to Gen. Sherman's glorious campaign through West Georgia, for the occupation
of Atlanta. With the brigade it participated m the splendid victories of Rocky
Face, Resaca, Pickett's Mills, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, and the flank
movement of Atlanta, and pursued the routed enemy in his retreat to Jonesboro and
Lovejoy's Station. The regiment passed winter quarters at Huntsville, Ala., in Janu-
ary, 1865, and on the 1st of February traveled by rail to Nashville. About the
middle of March the command embarked on the cars for East Tennesee to re-estab-
lish communication through to Virginia and prepare to repel rebel invasion. On
the surrender of Lee's army further movements in that section were abandoned. On
June 10, 1865, the 89th was mustered out of the United States service.
The 89th Regiment had 171 men from Knox county; 17 were killed, 6 wounded,
28 disch. and 15 were taken prisoners.
350
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Sergeant-Major.
Nelson W. Burneson, Walnut Grove, m. o. June
10, 1865.
Commissary Sergeant.
Benj. F. Jeffries, Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, die
charged Feb. 11, 1863, disability.
Principal Musician.
E. B. Howard, Galesburg, e. Aug. 3, 1862, m. o.
June 10, 1865.
COMPANY A.
Sergeant.
James E. Holt, Galesburg, Aug. 11, 1862, m. o
June 10, 1865.
Privates.
Armstrong, Robert, Knoxville, Aug. 13. 1862, died
at Andersonville prison, Aug. 20, 1864, No.
grave 7,339.
Butman, A., Yates City, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m.o. June
10, 1865, corporal.
Egan, J. I. , Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, discharged
July 23, 1863, disability.
Fuller, Gardner, Galesburg, e. Aug. 12. 1862, died Mack
at Andersonville prison. Sept. 21, 1864.
Hadley, J.D.. Galesbnrg, e. Aug.6, 1862. discharged
Sept. 1, 1864, disability.
Holt. R. M , Galeshurg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, discharged
Feb. 16, 1863, disability.
Taylor, W. C., Knoxville. e. Aug. 11, 1861, dis-
charged June 13, 1863, disability.
Recruits.
Ayres, G. P., Galesbnrg, e. Dec. 5, 1863, promoted
sergeat-major.
Cheeseman, P. J.. Knoxville, e. Oct. 31, 1863, mis
sing in action at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May
27, 1864.
Edgar, J. A., Altona, e. Sept. 10, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
COMPANY B.
, Privates.
Chesney, A. M.. Knox co., e. Oct. 12, 1863, m. o.
Dec. 8, 1865.
Fansett, Geo. W., Knox co., e. Oct. 9, 1863, m. o.
Dec. 8, 1865.
Miller, A. C., Knox co., e. Oct. 5. 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Miller, M., Abingdqn, e. Oct. 1, 1863, killd at
Kenesaw mountain, June 21, 1864.
Rupell, Win., Altona, e. Sept. 10, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1863.
Sweensy, J. H., Altona, e. Aug. 31,1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Wagomen. M., Altona, e. Dec. 21, 1863, died at
Springfield, Feb. 5, 1864.
COMPANY C.
Privates.
COMPANY E.
Musicians.
A. S. Capron, Galesburg, e, Aug. 1, 1862, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
E. B. Howard, Galesburg, e. Aug. 3, 1862, pro-
moted principal musician.
Privates.
Abbe, Louis, Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1802, m. o.
June 10, 1865.
Bramble, H. G., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1K%, traus.
to V. R. C.
Collins, A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6. 1862, disci
March 11, 1863, disability,
dough, J., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7. 1862, m. o. Jnr
10, 1865.
Frank, Alonzo, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 10,
as corpl.
Hawley, H. F.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m
June 10, 1865.
r Huse, F. V., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7. 1862, died
Chattanooga, Oct. 12. 1863, wounils.
Knox, James, Jr., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch
Aug. 26, 1862, disability.
Lecompton, F. W.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 186-2
trans, to V. R. C.
R. B. Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died
Chattanooga, Oct. 22. 1863, wounds.
McCall, J. H.. Galesburg. e. Aug. 6, 1862, discli
Sept. 10, 1863, disability.
Nichols. James, Galesburg. e. Aug. 10, 1862, kills
Stone Kiver, Dec, 31. 1862.
Scudder, O. H., Oneida, e. Aug 7, 18B2, abser
sick at m. o. regt.
Simmons, W. H., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, die
at Chattanooga, Nov. 1, 1864.
Weed, Gill, Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Jur
10, 1865.
Welton,C. W , Galesbunr, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. .
June 10. 1865, as corp'l.
Wright, Z. R., Knoxville. e. Feb. 17, 1864, died
Nashville, June 27, 1864.
Blair, John, Altona,e. Aug. 13, 1863, died at Nash
ville, March 30, 1864.
Bennell. W. A., Knox co., e. Oct. 8, 1863.
Gould, W. A , Knox co., e. Sept. 15, 1863, m. o
Dec. 8, 1865.
Hood, Geo. M., Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1863, m. o
Dec. 8, 1865, as corp'l .
Jones, Geo, W., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o
June 10, 1865, as corpl.
McFarlane, Alva, Knox co., e. Oct. 5, 1863, missing N
in action. Picket's Mill, Ga.
Richardson, Hiram, Knox co., e. Sept. 28, 1863.
Thompson, Geo. W., Knox co., e. Sept. 26, 1863
died at New Orleans, June 29, 1865.
Warren, Geo., Knox co., e. Oct. 15, 1863, disch
March 15. 1862, disability.
Whitehead, J., Wataga, e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dee
8,1865.
COMPANY .
Captains.
Thomas Whiting, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 25,
killed Sept. 20, 1863.
Wm. H. Howell, Walnut Grove, e, Aug. 25, IS
m. o. Jane 10, 1865.
First Lieutenants.
Isaac Copley, Copley, e. Aug. 25, 1862, resigne
May 8, 1863.
Peter Tail, Copley, e. Aug. 25, 1862, killed ii
action, Dec. 16, 1864.
J. W. Swickard, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 25, 186
m. o. June 10. 1865.
Sergeants.
Richard J. Bnnson, Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10
1865, 1st. sergt.
John B. Smith, Lynn, trans. V. R. C.
H. G. O. Wales. Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 18
Corporals.
Wm. O. Dayton, Wa'nut Grove, disch. Feb. 1
1863, disability.
J. B. McLaugblin, Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10,
1865, as serg't.
Orange G. Hayward, Walnut Grove m. o. June 10,
1865, as sergt.
W. Burneson, Walnut Grove, pro. sergt.
major.
A.M. Ferguson, Walnut Grove, disch. March 8,
1862, disability.
Thomas Berry, Walnut Grove, killed near Dallas,
Ga.. May 27. 1864.
S. D. Allen, Walnut Grove, sergt, killed near
Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864.
G. W. Wagoner, Walnut Grove, trans, to V. R- C
COUNTY TREASURER.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
353
Privates.
Atherton, S., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865,
as music n.
Buckhart, J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Buckharf, W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Bestor, D. H., Walnut Grove, killed at Stoue
River, Dec. 31, 1862.
Berry. Geo. H., Walnut Grove, died at Anderson-
\ille, prison, Aug. 6, 1864, No. of grave 4,855.
Brown. C., Walnut Grove, died Marcn 1, 1864.
Cole, Hiram, Walnut Grove, ditch. April 1, 1863,
disability.
Cragan, J.. Lynn, trans. V. R. C.
Codding, Jasper C., Victoria, died at Anderson-
ville prison, Dec. 27, 1864, no. of grave, 12,348.
Campbell, John, Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10,
1865.
Collinson, H. G., Walnut Grove, absent sick at m.
o. regt.
Chimberg, Nelson, Walnut Grove, died at Ander-
sonville prison, Sept-. 28, 1864, No. of grave
9,935.
Craig, J. P., Lynn, killed at Rocky Face, Ga., May
9, 1864.
CoUineon, C., Walnut Grove, trans. V. R. C.
Dillworth, J. H., Lynn, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Doyle, M., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10. 1865.
Elsworth, A. W., Lynn, 111. o. June 10, 1865.
Fitch, Wm. S., Lynn, m. o. June 10, 1865 as sergt.
Goddard, Henry, Lynn, died at Andersonville
prison. Dec. 1, 1864, No. of grave 10.307.
Hall, John L., Lynn, died at Andersonvile prison,
Dec, 4, 1864, 'No. of grave 12,223.
Hicks, Win. B., Lynn, trans. Miss, marine brig.
Hager Levi, Lynn, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Harris, A. D. Victoria, trans, to engineer corps.
Higgins, C. W., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. 10,
1863. disability.
Hester, Isaac. Walnut Grove, killed near Dallas,
Ga., May 27, 1864.
Higgins, W. L., Lvnn, died at Andersonville
prison, Nov. 11, 1864.
Hulich, J. B., Copley, died June 16, 1863, wounds.
Kerr, David, Lynn, trans, to V. R. C.
Livingston, J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Lamb, Peter, Copley, disch. Feb. 10, 1865.
Lyman. R. H., Lynn, m. o. June 10, 1865, as sergt.
Mitchell, J. R.. Walnut Grove, died at Anderson-
ville prison, Oct. 28, 1863, No. of.grave 11,617.
McLaughlin, J. W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10.
1865.
Seagriff. M., Walnut Grove, m o. June 10, 1865.
Smiih, R. M., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865,
Smith, H. P., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. 12, 1865,
disability.
Topper, A,, Walnut Grove, killed near Dallas, Ga.,
May 17, 1864.
Tait, John, Copley, died at Chattanooga, July 19,
1864, wounds.
rait, Wm., Copley, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Tait, H. P., Copley, trans, to V. R. C.
Thompson, D,, Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Ulmbaugh, J., Lynn, disch. March 25, 1865, disa-
bility.
Well?, Geo., Walnut Grove.
Ward, W. E., Walnut Grove, disch. Jan. 4, 1865,
disability.
Wilson, R., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Woolsey, David, Walnut Grove, killed near At-
lanta, Ga., Aug. 3. 1864.
Whitney, T. F., Knoxville. died at Andersonville
prison, Aug. 17, 1864. No. of grave 5,998.
Whitney, W. fl., Knoxville, m. o. June 19, 1865.
BecruUs.
Brainbridge, C.V., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10,
1865.
Blair, John, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 13, 1863, died
at Chattanooga, Dec. 9, 1863.
Bailey, J. M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 10, 1863, died at
Nashville, Jan. 11, 1865, wounds.
Bell. Robert, Abingdon, e. Oct 21, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865, as corpl.
Brown. J., Oneida, e. Nov. 16, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8,
1865.
olbnrne,H.E., Altona, e. Sept. 1, 1863, vet., m.
o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Davis, Geo. W., Altona.
Dudley, H. E., Altona, e. Aug. 19, 18i>3, m. o.
Depue. T. O., Knox co., e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Ford, W. E., Altona, e. Aug. 17, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Goole, L. L., Knox co., e. Oct. 5. 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Hubbell, T. C., Altona.
Lantz, H. L., Lynn, trans, to V. R. C.
Mitchell, C. W., Altona, e. Sept. 12, 1863, m. o.
Nelson, W. H., Altona, e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865, as corpl.
Murray, Geo. W., Walnut Grove, killed at Stone Pemble, J. H., Knox co., Aug. 12, 1863, m. o. Dec.
River. Dec, 31. 1862.
Murphy, Benj, F.. Walnut Grove, died at Nashville
March 17. 1863.
Nesbitt, W. H., Walnut Grove, m. o, June 10, 1865
Newton, W. B., Walnut Grove, killed at Chicka
mauga, Sept. 19, 1863.
Preston, J., Walnut Grove, disch. June 6, 1864
disability.
Rowe, C., Henderson, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Riner, Benj. J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865
Rodgers, N., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. 16, 1863
disability.
Roosa, Isaac, Walnut Grove, m. o. June, 10, 1865.
Rosenleaf, H J., Copley, killed at Chickamauga
Sept. 19. 1863.
Reynolds, F., Walnut Grove, died at Nashville
Dec. 31, 1863.
Reynolds, A, Victoria, killed near Dallas, Ga.,
May 27. 1864.
Saddler, D. C., Walnut Grove, killed at Stone
River, Dec. 31, 1862.
Spohr, Matern, Lynn. m. o. June 10, 1865.
Stowell, A. G., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10, 1865.
Stephins, E. W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 10,
1865, as corpl.
Starr, Geo. B., Walnut Grove, disch. May 16, 1865,
disability.
Strogan, Wm., Walnut Grove, died at Atlanta, Ga.
prison, Nov. 2t, 1863.
Scott, Wm., Walnut Grove, died at Jeflersonville,
Ind., Nov. 23, 1862.
8, 1865.
Piatt, J., Altona, e. Aug. 27, 1863, disch. March
23, 1865, disability.
Ray, A. J., died at Chattanooga, July 4. 1864, wds.
Ross. W. M., Altona, e. Aug. 21, 1863, absent
sick at m. o. regiment.
Rogers, N., Altona, e. Aug. 19, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8,
1865.
Shoop, Geo. W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 21, 1863, m. o.
Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl.
Smith, Jasper A., Altona, e. Oct. 11, 1863, absent
sick, at m. o. regiment, wounds.
Umbaugh, E., Altona, e. Aug. 11, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Wright, G. O.. Abingdon, e. Oct. 19, 1863, disch.
Dec. 13, 1864, disability.
Wagmen, J., Altona, e. Sept. 16, 1863, vet., killed
at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
COMPANY I.
Privates.
Anderson, M., Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, prisoner,
m. o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Morey, A. F., Knoxville, e. Nov. 7, 1863.
Rhyand, J. R , Knoxville, e. Oct. 31, 1863, m. o.
May 18, 1865.
Stropes. J., Knoxville, e. Nov. 2, 1863, m. o. Dec.
8, 1865.
Vincent, W. J., Knoxville, e. Oct. 29, 1863, vet.,
absent sick at m. o. regiment.
354
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
COMPANY K.
Privates.
Bolding, W. A., Knoxville, e. Dec. 21, 1863, m. o
Dec. 8,1865.
Courtney, J. M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 21, 1863, m. o
Dec. 8, 1865.
Harvey. G. W., Altona, e.Dec. 17, 1863. m. o. Dec
8, 1865.
Whitton, Geo. A.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 17, 1864, de-
tached m. o. Dec. 8, 1865.
Kay, Jackson, Knox co., e. Oct. 15, 1863.
Neil, J. W., Victoria.
Pease- S. A., Victoria.
Russell, Win., Knoxco.
Swan, Peter. Altona.
90th IXFANTBY.
COMPANY C.
Privates.
Doris, S., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at
Memphis, Oct. 3, 1863.
Hart, J., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, trans, to
V. R. C.
Livers. Thomas, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862,
died Feb. 8, 1863, wounds.
O'Neil, H., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 5, 1865.
Thompson, J. S., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862,
m. o. June 5, 1865.
Robey, T. A., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 5, 1865, as eergt.
102d
The 102nd Inf. 111. Vols. was organized at Knoxville, 111., in August, 1862, by Col-
Wm. McMurtry, and mustered in Sept. 1 and 2. Knox county was represented in
this regiment by 414 men, in 9 different companies.
On the 22nd September the regiment moved to Peoria, 111., and Oct. 1, to Louis-
ville, Ky., and was assigned to Ward's brigade, Dumont's division, and immediately
moved southward, marching via Shelbyville, Frankfort, Bowling Green, and Scotts-
ville to Gallatin, Tenn., arriving Nov. 26.
The regiment went into winter quarters at Gallatin. On June 1, 1863, moved to
Lavergne, and from thence marched to Stewart's Creek, where the regiment was
divided and stationed to guard bridges. On the 9th of November, 1863, moved to
Lebanon, and returned on the llth. Surgeon Stanley was severely wounded by guer-
rillas. On Feb. 25, broke winter quarters at Lavergne, and marched, ma Tullahoma,
Decherd, Stevenson, Ala., and camped in Wauhatchie Valley, Tenn. The regiment
was assigned to the 20th Army Corps, Gen. Ward's brigade. While at Wauhatchie
five companies of the regiment, which had been mounted, gave up their horses, but
retained their Spencer rifles during the Atlanta campaign. May 2, commenced the
campaign. May 14, was engaged at Reseca, leaving Skilled and 19 wounded. On
the 15th the brigade captured a battery from the enemy at Camp Creek ; the 102nd
lost 18 killed, 6 mortally wounded, and 70 wounded. May 25, encountered the
enemy at Burnt Hickory, and was engaged four days, leaving 4 killed and 14
wounded. June 1, was engaged at Big Shanty. June 15 and 16, engaged, losing 13
wounded, including Col. Smith and Capt. McManus. Engaged July 20, at Peach
Tree Creek, losing 2 killed and 11 wounded. Sept. 16, moved to Atlanta. Nov. 15,
1864, commenced the Savannah March, arriving on the 22nd, at Milledgeville ; cross-
ed the Ogeechee on the 29th; and Dec. 11 established lines of battle at Savannah, and
on the 21st entered that city. Jan. 5. 1865, moved to Hardesville, and on the 30th to
Robertsville, near Sister's Ferry. Feb. 2, marched westward to Blackville and Wil-
listown, thence northward, to Columbia, arriving Feb. 19. March 11, reached
Fayetteville. March 16, was engaged at Averysboro, losing 2 killed and 19 wounded,
among the latter were Capts. Merritt and Matteson, and Lieut. ,Trego. March 22,
camped at Goldsboro. April 10, marched toward Raleigh where the army remained
until Johnson's surrender. On the 30th, marched for Washington, arriving May 19.
Of the number from Knox county in the 102nd, 37 died from disease and wounds
received during the war, 12 killed, 14 wounded, and 3 prisoners. On May 24 the
regiment passed review with our army, and June 6, 1865, was mustered out of service
and started home, arriving in Chicago, 111., on the 9th. June 14, received payment
and final discharge.
Colonels.
Wm. M. McMurtry, Henderson, e. Sept. 8. 1862,
hon. disch., Oct. 24, 1862.
Franklin C. Smith, Oneida, e. Sept. 8. 1862. pro.
Brig. Gen., m. o. June 6, 1865.
Majors.
Lemuel D. Shinn, Truro, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned
Oct. 14, 1863.
Charles H. Jackson, Henderson, resigned July 9,
1864.
H. H. Clay, Galesburg, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Adjutants.
John W. Pitman, Galesburg, e. Sept. 8, 1862,
resigned Jan. 7, 1863.
Jacob H. Snyder, Galesburg, missing May 16, 1865.
Quartermasters.
Francis H. Rugar, Galesburg, e. Aug. 16, 1862,
resigned for pro. Aug. 17, 1863.
Hobert Hamilton, Galeaburg, e. Aug., m. o. June
6, 1865.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
355
Surgeons.
William Hamilton, Oneida, e. Aug. 25, 1862, m. o,
June 6, 1865.
Thomas S. Stanway, resigned Aug. 13. 1864.
David P. Bigger, Henderson, trans, to 9th regt., inf
Chaplain.
Amos K. Tullis, Henderson, e. Sept. 8, 1862, re-
signed Dec. 21, 1862.
Q. M. Sergeant.
Clarence V. Shove, Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Commissary Sergeant.
Edward C. Courtney, Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1863.
Hospital Stewards.
John B. Shaw, Knoxville, disch. July 15, 1863.
James B. Knapp, Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Principal Musician.
A. V. B. Taylor, Galesburg, m. o. June 6, 1865.
COMPANY A.
Captains .
Roderick R. Harding, Galesbnrg, e. Sept. 2, 1862,
resigned Jan. 7, 18H3.
T. H. Andrews, Galesburg, e. July 25. 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Michael Courtney, resigned Dec. 21, 1863
Corporal*.
Privates.
Blake H., Rio, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Gallatin
April 28, 1863, wounded.
Brown, J. H., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.o. June
6, 1865.
Badger, J., Rio, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June 6. '65.
Brown, A.,Henderson, e. Aug. 15, 1865, disch. Feb.
1, 1863, disability.
Burton, H. B., Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, disch.
Jan. 16, 1863, disability.
Coziah, Geo., Kio. e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Eng.
corps.
Duffey. F. M., Henderson, e. Sept. 2, 1862. disch.
Sept. 14, 1863, disability.
Davis, Thomas, Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Gregg, John, Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 22. 1862, m.o. July
22, 1865, prisoner.
Hite, Thomas M., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
disch. Dec. 22, 1862.
Miles F. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Feb.
21, 1863, disability.
Maxwell, Robert, Henderson, Aug. e. 14, 1862, ab-
sent sick at m. o. regt.
Maxey, S. J., Persifer, e. Aug. 22, 1862, killed at
Kenesaw Mt. July 21, 1864.
Rogers, Harvey, Henderson, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died
at Gallatin Jan. 1, 1863.
Reynolds, Henry, Henderson, e. Aug. 22,1862, died
at Gallatin Dec. 13, 1862.
Sohomun. James, Henderson, e. Aug. 12, 1862, ab-
Mill Creek, Nov. 3, 1863.
Privates.
, .
Frankfort, Ky., Oct. 21,1862.
Rogers, Geo. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 13. 1862, died
at Louisville, Ky., June 10, 1864.
Richardson, A., Knoxville, e. Aug. 18, 1862, absent,
wounded, at m. o. regt.
Vanfleet, O. B., Sparta, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Olson, Swan H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
COMPANY B.
First Sergeant.
John B. Gregg, Henderson, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch.
March 13, 1863, disability.
Sergeant.
Henry C. Miles, Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch.
Feb. 5, 1863,'disability.
Corporals.
Morton M. Dnrand, Henderson,"e. Aug. 19, 1862, m.
o. June 15, 1865.
Michael Daugherty. Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m.
o. June 6, 1865, sergt.
John Rich, Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Gal-
latin March 12, 1863.
Musician.
John Hodges, Galesburg, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
sent sick, m. o. regt.
Straw L. B., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862. killed at
Peach Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864.
Trout, Manuel, Henderson, e. Ang. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Trout, Lewis. Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch.
. Aug. 10, 1862, died at Wooley, R.' B.. Rio, e. Aug. 11, '62, in. o. June 6. '65.
Webber, Benj., Rio, e. Ang. 11, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Nelson Newton, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Brittingham. T.B., Henderson, e. Aug. 6. 1862,m.
o. June 6, 1865.
Brittingham, S . , Henderson, e. Aug 10. 1862, disch.
March 12. 1863, disability.
Eicher, S., Henderson, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Gilipur, P. H., Henderson, e. Ang. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Offutt, F.. Rio,e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at New Albany,
Ind., Nov. 10, 1862.
Rogers, C. H.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at
COMPANY C.
First Lieutenant.
Alfred H. Trego, Galesburg, Aug. 12. 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
COMPANY D.
Captains.
Horace H.Willsie, Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, 1862, re-
signed April 19, 1863.
0. B. Matteson, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Irwin L. Clay, Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Sergeants,
Franklin G. Daggett, Galesburg, e. Aug. 14, 1862,
m. o. June 6, 1865.
5f . G. Chesebro, Galesburg, e. Aug. 3, 1862, trans, to
Gen. Brig.
Corporals.
James White, Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, sergt.,
died at Stewart's creek., Au^. 9, 1863.
Thomas M. Bell, Galesburg, e. Ang 8, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Hiram Boon, Jr., Galesburg, e. Ang. 9, 1862, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
George W. Chamberlain, Galesburg, e. Ang. 20,
1862, pro. Lieut, in 1st Tenn. H. Art.
Musician.
Jesse H. Marble, Galesburg. e. Aug. 8, 1862, died
at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 20, 1863.
Wagoner.
Benj. F. Hackett, Henderson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m.
o. June 6, 18C5.
356
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Privates.
Area, Silas, Henderson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June Charles S. Epperson, Rio, e. Aug. 7. 1862, disch
Feb. 22, 1863. disability.
Geo. W. Plummer, Henderson, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m
o. June 6, 1863, as 1st Sergt.
Wm. Timberlake, Rio, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. Feb.
22, 1863, disability.
Corporals.
John W. Heare, Rio, e. Ang. 7, 1862, disch. March
2, 1863. disability.
Stephen Levalley, Rio, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, sergt.
Thomas Epperson, Rio,e. Aug. 7,1862, disch. Feb
27, 1863, dig.
Martin Robertson, Rio, e. Ang. 11, 18G2,disch.Feb.
11, 1863, disability.
Alfred B. Ferkins, Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m.o.
6, 1865, as corpl.
Anderson. R. B., Qalesburg, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Bell. Wm. A..(ialesburg, e. Aue. 4, 1862, m. o, June
6, 1865 as P ergt.
Babcock, J. D.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch.
Feb. 22, 1863. dis., entered navy Aug. 30, 1864,
m. o. Nov. 30, 1865.
Billings, E , Rio, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 24.
1865. prisoner of war.
Clark, G. P., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch.
Nov. 30, 1863, dis.
Canfleld, W. E., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch.
March 10, 1865, disability.
Conley, John, Rio, e. Ang. 9. '62, m. o. June 6. '65.
Corkins, E.. Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Nash-
ville, Ang. 4, 1864, wounds.
Castle. C. M., Knox, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865, corpl.
Charaplin, K. E., Oneida, e. Auz. 9, 1862, corpl.,
killed Resaca.. Ga.,May 15, 1864.
Davison. A. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 7, 1865.
Dunlap. Wm., Rio. e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865, as corp'.
Qroscnp, C. L., Galesburg. e, Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Hilton, Frank. Galesburg, e. July 19, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Johiison, K., Gak-sburg, e.Aug, 14, 1862, absent sick
at m. o. regt.
Kite, John, Galesburg, e.Aug. 22, 1862, diech. March
13. 1863, disability.
Kite. John, Jr., Galesburg, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o.
June 6. 1865.
Keller, M. J., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 11, 1862, ra. o. June
6, 1865.
Lavery. Hugh, Rio, e. Aug. 9. 1862.
Manl,F.,Galesburg, e. Aug.8, 1862,absent wounded,
at m. o. regt.
Rounds, H., Henderson, e. July 19, 1862, disch.
De\ 4, 1862, disability.
Rhykert, E. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Sherman. A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June
24. 1865, corpl., prisoner war.
Spencer, J., Sparta, e. Aug. 11, '62, m. o. June 6, '65.
Tompkins, I., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch.
March 6, 1863, disability.
Tribble, Wm., Henderson, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch.
May 6, 1863, disability.
Castle, H. C., Knox, co., e. Dec. 24, :
8, 1865.
3, m.o. July
Hunt, W. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, diech.
April 17, 1865, disability.
Sergeants.
June 6, 1865.
Wagoner.
Randall, D., Knox co., e. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. JnlyS Green, Caleb I., Oneida, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
1865.
8. 1865.
Randall, James R., Orange, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch.
Nov. 12, 1863. dis.
Strain, J., Orange, e. Aug. 21. '62, m. o. June 6, '65.
Tupper, Lewis, Qalesburg, e. Aug. 21, 1862, disch.
May 5, 1863, disability.
i COMPANY F.
Captain.
Geo. W. Woo'ey, Henderson, e. Oct. 14, 1863, m. o
Strand Vonmeter, Henderson, e. August. 1862,
discharged Jan. 19., 1863, disability.
Privates.
Amy, Vandorn, Henderson, e Aug. 13. 1862, died
at Gallatin. Tenn., Jan. 2-2, 1863.
Briggs, A. C., Kio, e. Aug. 14, '62. m.o. June 6, '65.
Brooks, A. B., Henderson, e. Aug. 1, 1862, ab-
sent sick at m. o. of regt.
Burton, Oliver, Henderson, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Bueschel, J A., Henderson. Aug. 22, 1862, dis-
charged Jan. 21, 1863, disability.
Bennett, E., Henderson, e. Aug. 20; 1862. m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Bair, David, Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862, absent wounded
at m.o. of regt.
Cubbage, James, Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m.o.
June 6, 1865.
!ason, Levi, Herder=on, e. Au<r. 20, 1862, dis-
charged, Aug. 9, 1863, disability.
Champion, J. H.. Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 18SS, m.
o. June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Dunham, W. O.. e. Ang. 9, 1862.
Jean, Thomas, Henderson, e. Sept. 3, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
)ean, Dan'l, Henderson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Epperson, Win., Rio. e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent sick
at m. o. of regt.
Fulton, J., Rio, e. Aug. 19, '62, m. o June 6, '65.
Fuller, H.,Knoxville.
Fairbanks, L. W., Rio, e. Aug. 10, 1862, disch.
Jan 17, 1863, disability.
Gorman, J. B , Henderson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, cor-
poral, died at Nashville June 16, 1864.
June 6, 1865.
Randall, D. P., Knox co., e. Dec. 24, 1863, m o. July Green, Caleb, Oneida, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
June 6, 1865.
First Lieutenants.
O. J. Sullivan, Rio, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned Feb.
26. 1863.
R. S. Peebles, Oneida, e. Oct. 14, 1863, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
Ethan A. Cornwell, Henderson, e. Sept. 2, 1862,
resignedNov. 24, 1862.
6, 1865.
Hahn. Paul, Rio. e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Nash-
ville Jan. 9, 1863.
Hardenbrook. I. A., Rio, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as sergt.
Hall, J. S., Rio, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6, 186%
as corpl.
Inick, Joseph, Henderson, e. Ang. 8, 1862, m.o.
June 24, 1865, as corpl, prisoner of war.
Kernel!, J. Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 18l>2.
Key. M. V.. Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862. m. d.
June 6, 1865.
Linn, Wm., Rio, e Aug. 11, '62. m.o. June 6, '65.
Meadows, Charles. Rio, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disch.
March 2, 1863, disability.
Morse. A., Henderson, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch.
March 2, 1863, disability.
McDermott, P., Kio, e. Ang 4, 1862, disch. Dec. 10,
1862. disability.
Mason, L. L., Rio, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865, as corpl.
Merrick, Thomas, Henderson, e. Aus;. 5, 1862,
let sergt, died of wounds Nov. 15, 1864.
McDermott, Thomas, Rio, e. A.ug. 22, 1862, died i
Gallatin, Jan. 29, 1863.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
357
Morse, J. M , Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch.
Feb. 27, 1863, disability.
Nation, William, Henderson, e. Aug. 13. 1862.
Nelson, Myron, Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June O, 1S65, as sergt.
O'Brien, Matthew, Knox Co , e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.
o. June 6. 1865.
Presson. O. P.. Henderson, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June (!, 1865, as corpl.
Pool, T. II.. Rio, e. July 25, '62, m.o June 6, '65.
Rusk, Hiram, Rio, e. Aug. 10, '62. m.r. June 6, '65.
Ktisk, David, Rio, e. Aug. 10, 1862.
Rusk, John, Rio, e. Aug. 10, 1862, diech Dec. 20,
1862, disability.
Rafterty, Michael, Henderson, e. Aug. 2?, 1862,
m. o. June 6, 1865.
Roundtree, W..D., Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862.
Rose, Andrew, Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died
at (iallatin Feb. 3, 1863.
Rnsk, Enoch, Rio, e. Aug. 11, '62. m.o. June 6,' 65.
Spence, Geo. A., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, dis-
charged March 2, 1863, disability.
Smith, Joseph, Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, ab-
sent sick at m. o. of regt.
Andrew J. Douglas. Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1883
disch. Jan. 15, 1863.
Geo. W. Thomas, Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Privates.
Bakr, J. O., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 162, diech
May 9, 1865, disability.
Butcher, S. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 6. 1865, as corpl.
ameroD, R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Cameron, Peter, Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862. m. o.
June 6, 1865.
ummins, J. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as sergt.
Danner, S. H.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disch.
Jan. 15, 1863.
Fox. J. H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, as corpl.
Stcgall, F., Henderson, e. Aug. 14,1863, absent Henr ' y Joan . Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch.
urnniirlon or m r\ f\l n.fr+ *
wounded at m. o. of regt.
Smith. C . Henderson e Aug. 14, 1862, discharged Hanck, J. E., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m.o. June
Oct. 25, 1852, disability. c IOKK
ty.
Salts. Laland. Rio, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Jan. 9,
1868, disibility.
Waters, S. H.. Henderson, e. Aug. 15. 1862.
Wilson. David, Oi:eida,e. Aug, 22, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Weir, J. K., Henderson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as sergt.
Welch, Thomas, Henderson, e Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Warner, Asa H., Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862.
Wes-terdale, Wm.. Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862,
m. o. June fi. 1865.
Young. David, Rio, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Mar. 27.
1863. disability,
young, Michael, Rio, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Recruits.
Bennett, Geo., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m.
o. July 8, 1865.
Dredge, J. H., Henderson, March 22, 1864. m. o.
July 8, 1865.
Durdan, I C , Henderson, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Drnry, Wm., Henderson, died at Frankfort, Ky.,
Oct. 23, 1862.
Eddleman, J.. Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o.
July 8, 1865.
Errickson. Swan, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864,
m. o. JulyS. 1865.
Gulliher, J. G.. Knoxville, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Gokey. Nelson, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, died
at Mound City Oct. 12, 1864.
Hurbert, John, Henderson, e. March 22,1864, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
Holton, Samuel, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m.o.
July 8, 1865.
Maxwell, R., Henderson, e. March 31, 1864, m. o.
JulyS, 1865.
Maxwell, J. F., Henderson, e. March 14, 1864. m.o.
July 8, 1865.
McGuire. Peter, Henderson,e. Starch 22, 1864, m.o.
July 8, 1865.
O'ram, Benj., Henderson.
Stond, N. B.. Henderson, died at camp Nelson
June 19, 1864
Shepherd, \V m . H., Henderson, e. March '22, 1864,
m. o. July 8, 1865.
Spurry, Geo. G., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m.o.
July 8, 1865.
Wiley, H.. Henderson, e.- March 22, 1864, m. o.
July 8, 1865.
COMPANY
Sergeants.
Aaron G. Henry, Abingdon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, pro.
2d Lieut.
Robert B. Seaton, Abingdon, e. Aug 15, 1862, died
Sept. 27, 1862.
Corporals.
Jan. 13. 1863.
6, 1865.
Hoy, R. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Dec.
24, 1862.
Jay, Alvah, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Tohns, F. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch.
Jan. 12, 1863.
Murphy, M. R.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862. m. o.
June 6. 1865.
Pearson. W. S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Stevens, J. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Starns, Samuel, Abingdon, e. Aug. 16, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Seaton. D. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, fans.
to Eng. Corps.
Wilkinson, Lewie. Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862,
m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Winters, Thomas, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m.o.
June 6, 1865.
Brewer, J. B., Abingdon, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Vance, J. C-i Abinsdon, m. o. June 6, 1865.
Webster, J. A , Abingdon, e. Aug. 16, 1862, disch.
Jan. 26, 1865, disability.
COMPANY H.
Captain.
Hiram Elliott, Persifer, Oct. 24, 1862, m. o. June
6,1865.
First Lieutenant.
John Thomas, Galesburg, e. Oct. 24, 1862, on de-
tached service at m. o. of regt.
Second Lieutenant.
Samuel Tucker. Truro, e. Oct. 24, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Sergeants.
Geo. W. Parker, Truro, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch
Feb. 24, 1863, disability.
S. S. Seward, Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Geo. P. Gumming, Trnro, e. Aug. 13, 1802, ac-
cidentallv killed Oct. 31, 1864.
Harmon C. Shinn, Truro, e. Aug. 4, 1862, killed at
Peach Tree Creek July 20, 1864.
Corporals.
Albert Bullard, Persifer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, sergt.
Geo. W. German, Truro, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as sergt.
Joseph Kasiah, Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, discb.
Jan. 15, 18fi3, disability.
358
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Peter F. Dillon, Persifer, e Aug. 14, 1862, died May Miranda, Geo.. Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch..
27, 1864, of wound e.
John German, Truro, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, as sergt.
Stephen D. Cole, Galesburg, e. July 25, 1862, dis-
charged April 8, 1863.
Andrew J. Bergquist, Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862,
transferred to Engineer Corps.
Musicians.
T. S. Johnson, Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862," m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Winslow H. Bradford, Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862,
m. o. June 6, 1865.
Wagoner.
Daniel J. Foster, Elba, e. Aug. 4, 1862.
Privates.
Ackerson, M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Brobest, Obed, Elba, e. Aug. 4, 1862, disch. Jan.
15, 1863, disability.
Bullard, Calvin, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Bullard, E., Persifer. e. Aug. 5, 1862, absent sick Smith, C. G., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1862, absent.
at m. o. regiment.
Bryson, Robert, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June Scott, J. F., Knoxville, e. Aug. 18, 1862, pro. lieut.
6, 1865, as corpl.
Barlow. Frank. Elba, Aug. 8, 1862, disch. Feb. 2,
1863. disability.
Baird, D. H., Elba, e. Aug. 11, 1862, corpl., killed at
Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864.
Bankson, Oloff, Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Belcher, Ira B., Truro, e. Aug. 18. 1862, disch. Feb.
24, 1863. disability.
Catterton, James, Elba, e. Aug. 4, 1862, trans, to
V R. C
6, 1865.
Cunningham, R. B.,Truro. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch.
Dec. 15, 1863, disability.
6, 1865.
6, 1865.
Daniel, Wm., Persifer, e. Aug. 18, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Daniel, Orange, Elba, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Elliott, Warren, Persifer, e.
June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Aug. 4, 1862, m. o.
Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864.
Foster, W. W., Elba.
Farquar, T. B., Persifer, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch.
March 7. 1863, disability.
Freeborn, R. N., Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862, m.
o. June 6, 1865.
Gardner, Alfred, Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Gordon, C. H.. Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
July 5, 1864, disability.
Gaston, J. W ., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, pro.
ass' t surgeon. 59th regiment.
Gearheart, J., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as corpl.
6, 1865, as corpl.
Hogue, Jonathan, Elba, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Hunt, Oloff A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Hammond, R. F., Galesburg, e. July 26, 1862.
Johnson, A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862, died
March 28, 1863.
Knight, Samuel, Haw Creek, e. Aug. 6, 1862, ac-
Sidentally killed, July 19, 1864.
Kimler, Joseph, Truro, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Light, J. A., Elba.
Lawrence, L. A. Elba, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865. as 1st sergt.
Aug. 26, 1864, disability..
Mire, J. F., Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, detailed hos-
Mil
ital steward.
pita
len.
Allen, Truro, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Matthews, S. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 1, 1862, disch.
May 16, 1865, disability.
Owens, Harvey, Elba, e. Aug. 5. 1862, disch. Oct.
7, 1863, disability.
Owens. Geo., Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
6,1865.
Patten, D. M., Elba, e. Aug. 8,1862, disch. Oct.
2, 1863, disability.
Powell, C.,Elba, e. Aug. 8, '62,m. o. June 6, '65.
Palmer, H., Truro, e.Aug. 1, '62, m.o. Juae 6, '65.
Pratt, C. R., Abingdon, e, Aug 19, 1862, disch,
Sept. 10, 1863, disability.
Parrish,E., Elba, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865, as corpl.
Parrish, I. L., Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865.
Ralph, Francis, Knoxville. e. Aug. 20, 1862, died
May 20, 1864, wounds.
Shinn, J. D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
disability, at m. o. of regiment.
in the 16th U. S. C. troops.
Snider, S., Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June, 6, '65.
Shaw, Fitch, Knoxville, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Simpkins, J. B., Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Selstrom, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6. 1362, m.o. June
6, 1865.
Thomas, J. L., Truro, e. Aug. 10, died at Gallatin,
Tenn., Dec. 30, 1862.
Temple, S., Truro, e. Aug. 8, '62, m.o. June 6, 1865.
Collins, J. \V., Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June Tucker. Thomas, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Truelson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch.
MayS, 1865, disability.
Canny, Thomas, Elba, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.o. June Van Winkle, P. R., Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at
Bowling Green, Ky., Feb. 10,. 1863.
Daniel, James, Persifer, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June Volk, Wm. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at
Bucyrus, Ohio. May 30, 1863.
Walker, Geo., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o.
June 6. 1865, corpl.
Wilhelm, Isaac, Persifer, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disch.
Jan. 12, 1863, disability.
ftecruits.
Elliott, James, Persifer. e. Aug. 7, 1862, killed at Arie, Thos., Haw Creek, e. Sept. 28, 1864, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Arie, Henry. Haw Creek, e. Sept. 28, 1864, absent
sickm. o. regiment.
Balch, E., Elba, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. June 6, '65.
Coakley, N. B., Knoxville. e. Aug. 10, 1862.
Dunlea, Michael. Knoxville.
Lemmon. Wm., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13. 1865, m. o.
July 6, 1865.
Mire, R. P.. Haw Creek, e. June 22, 1863, m. o.
JulyS, 1865.
McClellan, F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Mott, I. E. B., Truro, e. Aug. 18, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Hogue, J. W., Elba, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June Rowland, Sidney, Elba,e. Aug.18, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Sargeant. W. G., Persifer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Smith, W. H , Elba, e. Aug. 10, 1862, died at Scotts-
ville, Ky., Dec. 1, 1862.
Snider, Amos, Saluda, e. Dec. 7, 1863, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Wolf, Warren. Truro. e. Aug. 28, 1863, m. o. June
6, 1865.
COMPANY I.
Captains.
Geo. H. King, Oneida, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigning
Sept. 14, 1863.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
359
Edwin H. Conger. Galesburg, e. Sept. 14, 1863, m.
o. June 6, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Daniel W. Shahan, Oneida, e. Sept. 14, 1863, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
John L. Bonnell, Oneida, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned
Feb. 4, 1864.
Sergeants.
Reuben Beals, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, 1st seret.
Geo.W. Hall, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6,
Kenney, Wesley, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Knapp. James, Oneida, e. Sept. 2, 1862, pro. hospl.
steward.
oomis. M., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, corpl.
Loft, Cornelius. Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl.,
killed atAverysboro, N. C., March 16, 1865.
eighton, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch.
1865.
Corporals.
Wm. H. Brown, Oneida,e. Aug.9, 1862, m. o. June,
1865, sergt.
O. E. Blossom, Oneida, e. Aug. 9,'1862, disch. Feb.
17, 1863, disability.
Peter McCornack, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, sergt.
Christopher C. Fulton, Sparta, e. Aug. 9, 1862,
disch. Nov. 20, 1864.
Theodore M. Rikert, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Geo. Murray, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, (1862, disch. Oct.
7, 1862. disability.
John W. Brinkerhoff, Oneida, e. Apg. 9, 1862, m.
o. June 6, 1865, sergt.
Musician.
Rodney M. Willis, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m, o.
June 6, 1865.
Privates.
Aiken, Harvey L., Oneida. e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at
Stuarts Creek, June 22, 1863.
Aiken, Edward A., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, cor-
Aug.
Jan. 22, 186i, disability, corpl.
, Ezra,
6. 1865.
ee, Ezra, Center Point, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
rpl.
. 9,
ee, Wm. Oneida, e.Aug. 9, 18fi2, absent wounded
at m. o. regt.
dillen, James, Oneida, e, Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865, corpl.
tfoore, Charles, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch.
Feb. 18. 1863, disability.
Merriatt, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9,1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
McConchie, S.. Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, di&ch. Feb.
27, 1863. disability.
tfcKown, James, Altona, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
tfcCochie. James, Oneida, e. Aug 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6 1865.
Mills, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
tfoore, Rufns, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent
sick at m. o. of regt.
McQuade, Jesse, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent
wounded at m. o. of regt.
Maine, Wm., Wataga. e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Olson, L., Wataga, e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. June 6, 1 65.
Olson, Nels, Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Oct.
13, 1863, disability.
Olson, Wm., Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl., died
March 26, 1865, of wounds.
Ostrom, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Robertson, Charles, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Reed. James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1362, disch. Jan.
poral, killed at Kasaca, Ga., May 15, 1864.
Bunnell, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o
June 6, 1865.
Bulkeley, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o
June 6, 1865, corpl.
Billington, David, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o
June 6, 1865.
Brodine, Andrew, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch
Feb. 7, 1865, disability.
Brennan, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to
V. R. C.
Blakley, Taylor, Knoxville, e. Sept. 2. 1862, m. o
June, 6. 1865.
Calkins, Edwin, Oneida, e. Aug. 9,1862, m. o
June 6, 1865, corpl.
Chapman, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o
June 6, 1865.
Davie, James, Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o
June, 6, 1865.
Fuller, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to V.
R. C.
Fuller. John, Oneida, e, Aug. 9. 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Finley, Thomas, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6. 1865.
Gallant, Nathan, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Goodheart, Jonn, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Howey, Douglas, Oneida. e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Hadley,Weymouth, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Humphrey. Phillip. Sparta, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch.
June 22, 1863, disability.
Humphrey, Emery, Sparta, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Hanson, Oloff, Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent
sick m. o. regt.
Kenney, Wm. Oneida, e. Aug.
Gallatin, Tenn., Feb. 22, 1863.
22, 1863. disability.
Reynolds, Wm.. Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl.,
killed at Resaca, Ga.. May 14, 1864.
Reed. Wm., Oneida. e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
24, 1863, war prisoner.
Reynolds, Amos, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Ralston, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m.o. June
6, 1865.
Riley, Albert, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Ralston, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at
Gallatin, Tenn., May 23, 1863.
Ricker, Eli, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6,
1865, as corpl.
Richards, Alfred, Knox Co., Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Swanson, Herman, Galesburs, e. Aug. 9, 1862,
died of wounds June 16, 1864.
Stone, Simon, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
6, 1865.
Sweet, Alex., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb.
3. 1863, disability.
Walker, Samuel, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans-
ferred to Ene. Corps.
Waldron, M.. Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb.
22, 1863, disability.
Watson, Robert, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at
Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 1, 1862.
Watson, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 7, 1862, corpl., died
of wounds May 24, 1864.
Whannell, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Recruits.
Harmon, R. B., Oneida, disch. March 18, 1863, dis-
ability.
Jones, Wm. O., e May 21, 1863, missing May 16,
9, 1862, died at 1865, supposed killed or captured.
Milsam, Thos., Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1865.
360
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
COMPANY K.
Clark, Jamet>, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
June 6, 1865.
Shields, R.< Abingdon, e. Auj
June 6, 1865, as corpl.
Nolton, Henderson.
14, 1862, m. o.
lO3d IWFAtfTRY.
Principal Musician.
Klain A. Parvin, Maqnon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o.
June 21, 1865.
COMPANY C.
Adams, Wm. J., Salem, e. Jan. 26,1865, m. o. June
5, 1865.
Chapin, Ord, Salem, e. Jan. 26, '65, m.o. July 24/65.
Cordner, T. J., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July
24, 1865.
Mendenhall, C. C., Salein, e. Jan. 28, 1865, m. o.
July 24, 1865.
McLain, John, Truro, e. Jan. 16, 1865, m. o. July
24, 1865.
Ralston, Wm. D., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o.
July 24, 1865.
Ralston, J. C., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July
24, 1865.
Whitaker, J. C., Elba, e, Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July
24, 1865.
Moorehead, W., Maquon.
Hull, V. O., Knox Co., e. Jan. 16, 1865.
COMPANY G.
Captain.
Charles F. Matteson, Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 4, 1863,
m. o. June 21, 1865.
108th INFANTRY.
COMPANY D.
Privates.
Bruner. S. M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, 1862, disch.
March 24, 1863, principal musician.
Musselman, L. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 11, 1862.
Pippin, Thomas, e. Sept. 5, 1862.
Reeves, Wm. A.. Knox co., e. Aug. 18, 1862, died
at Young's Point, March 6, 1863.
Sloat, C. F., Lynn. e. Aug. 28, '62. m.o. Aug. 5 '65.
Williams, G. W., Galesbnrg, e. Sept. 5, 1862, dis-
charged March 24, 1863, drum major.
Brockley, S. R., Salem, e. Jan. 21, 1865, m. o. Jau
21, 1866.
McMasters, James. Haw Creek, e. Jan. 20,1865,
m. o. Jan. 21, 1866.
112th IXFANTRY.
Surgeon.
John W. Spalding, Galesburg, e. Sept. 11, 1862,
resigned March 22, 1863.
COMPANY D.
Privates.
Baird. J. W., Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 5,
1865. as corpl
Beicntel, F. M., Lynn, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. June Bailey. T. W., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
20, 1865.
Brown, V. W.,Lynn, e. Auer. 9, 1862, died at Knox-
ville, Tenu., Aug. 11, 1864.
Buckley, F., Lynn, e. Aug. 11, 1868, m. o. June 20,
1865, as corpl.
Flamsbure, J., Lynn, e. Aug. 22, 1862. m. o. June
20, 1865.
Gustafson. A. M., Lynn, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m, o.
June 20, 1862, as corpl.
Mallory, D. E., Lynn, e. Aug. 11,1865 disch. Nov.
18, 1863, wounds.
Ridenour, David, Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o.
June 20, 1865, as corpl.
Walton, James, Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June
20, 1865.
Hammond, Martin, Wataga, e. Feb. 5, 1864.
COMPANY .
Corlett, Thomas, Lynn, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at
Milledgeville, Ky., April 17. 1863.
McCoy, C. E., Thomas, Lynn, e. Aug. 13, 1862,
disch. April 10, 1863, disability.
COMPANY I.
Richards, H. M., Knoxville, e. July 3, 1862, trans.
to V. R. C.
IWFAKTRY.
COMPANY B.
Elliott, I. W., Maquon, e. May 10, 1864, m. o. Oct.
17, 1864.
COMPANY D.
Ayers, R.. Yates City, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct.
17, 1864.
COMPANY F.
Dunnivan, Patrick, Yates City, e. May 10, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
COMPANY G.
First Sergeant.
Wm. P. Barnes, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864,
m. o. Oct. 17, 18S4.
Sergeants.
C. C. Tyler, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
Benj. F. Brooks, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864,
m. o. Oct. 17, 1864.
A. M. Copp, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m o
Oct. 17, 1864.
Corporals.
H. C. Colburn, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864 m
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
W. H. Godair. Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Dan Colbnrn, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
N. E. Tinkler, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
N. H. Lonry, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
J. A. Stone, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
Wagoner.
D. A. Scott, Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
Privates.
Allen, R., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Baker, R. R., Oneida, e. May 1, 1864, m. o. Oct.
17, 1864.
Bryant. D. S., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 186-1, m.
o.;Oct. 17, 1864.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
361
Conant, II. II., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m
o. Oct. 17, 18(54.
Calkins, A. B., Oneida, e. May 1, 1864, m. o. Oct
17,1864.
Carrigan. M., Oueida, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct
17,1861.
Fitteld, J. L.. Victoria, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct
17. 1864.
Gould, John, Walnut Grove, e. April 26, 1864, ra.o
Oct. 17, 1864.
Higginc, H. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 3, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17. 1864.
Johneon, C. E.. Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864
in. o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Keyes, W. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 6, 1864, m. o
Oct. 17, 1864.
Leubeck, J.. Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864, m. o,
Oct. 17, 1864.
McConnolly. I. I., Walnut Grove, e. May 8, 1864,
m. o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Newton, B. A., Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1861, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Nirnp, A. G., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1861, m.o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
Nims, N. L.. Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
Osborn. A. H., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1861.
Purdy, H. H . Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1861, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Powell, L.. Oneida, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct.
17, 1864.
Reeves. L. C., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Riner, H. R.. Walnut Grove, e. May 1, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
Ruhl, P. A., Oneida, e. May 13. 1864, m. o. Oct.
17. 1864.
Scott, W. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 14, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 17, 1874.
Smith, Jnliun, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Van Scoyk, Wm., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864,
m. o. Oct. 17, 1864.
Walls, H. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 7, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
COMPANYH.
Inburg, Geo., Victoria, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct.
17, 1864.
Olson, Nile, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1864, m. o. Oct.
17, 1864.
COMPANY K.
Hogan, Martin, Galesburg, e. May 5, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 17, 1864.
137th INFANTRY.
COMPANY C.
First Lieutenant.
Oliver H. Pitcher, Galesburg, e. June 5, 1864, m.o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Second Lieutenant.
Wm. Craig, Galesburg, e. June 5, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Serqeants.
Job A. Cooper. Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o
Sept. 24, 1864.
H.. C. Fish, Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864. m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
J. F. Latimer, Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, pro.
2d lieut., Co. G., m. o. Sept. 24, 1864.
Corpora Is.
E. H. Bowman, Galesburg. e. May 2, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
F. M. Burton, Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864. m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
C. H. Lawrence. Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
J. B. White, Galesburg, e. May 2. 1864, m. o. Sept.
24, 1864, sergeant.
Musician.
Frank Barrett. Galesburg, e. May 4, 1864. m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Privates.
Allen, J. J., Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Anderson, E. N., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Barrett, E. N.. Galesburg, e. May 2, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Black, Wm., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864,m.o. Sept.
24. 1864.
ook. C. C., Galesburg, e. May 20, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Darr, G. H., Galesburg, e, May 12, 1864, m. o. Sept.
24. 1864.
llift, T. W., Galesburg, e, May 13,1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
ihesney, J. H.. Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
'oyzad, B.. Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864, m. o.
May 23, 1865. pris. war.
Dehnert, Fred. Galesburg. e. May 17, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Duffleld, H. P., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Fish, Charles, Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Farquhar, D.. Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 18C4.
Heath, H. A., Galesburg, e. May 18,1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Hartford, J. W.. Galesburg, e. May 20, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Haney, J. P., Abingdon, e. May 20,1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Howard, William H., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864,
m. o. Sept. 24, 1864, corpl.
Johnson, S. M., Galesburg, e. May 18, 1864, m. o.
Sept 24.1864.
Jones, N., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Johnson, Wm. C., Abingdon, e. May 4. 1864.
Kopp, J. H., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Lawson, L., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept.
24, 1864.
McMillen, John, Galesburg,e. May 16, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
McCord. J. F., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o.
May 24, 1865, pris. war.
Mott, C. E., Galesburg, e. May 18, 1864. m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
McMenesC., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Mishler, Samuel, Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Morey, A. A., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
'ierce, Geo., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
'oling. James, Galesburg. e. May 12. 1864, killed
at Memphis Aug. 21, 1864.
'oling, T. C., Galesburg, e. May 2,1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864, corpl.
Rogers, David N., Galesburg, e.May 16, 1864,killed
at Memphis Aug. 21, 1864.
Simmons, David, Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 24, 1864.
Spencer, B., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
trong, S. B., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
Sutton, J. P., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m.o.Sept.
24,1864.
Strain, J.E., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
362
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Smith, C. C., Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864,m.o. Sept. .Williamson, Geo., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m.
24, 1864. o. Sept. 24, 1864.
Titus, Eli, Galeeburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Sept.lWorth, E., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Sept.
24, 184.
West, P. B., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m.o. Sept.
24, 1864.
Williams. P., Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864, m.o. May
23, 1865, pris. war. [Brookings. E. S., Galesburg, pris. war at m. o.
Williams, M.. Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m, o. regiment.
Sept. 24, 1864.
24, 1864, sergeant.
Recruits.
138th INFANTRY.
The One Hrndred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry Volunteers was organized
at Camp Wood, Quincy, 111., by Col. John W. Goodwin, and mustered in June 21,
1864, for one hundred days. On July 26 the regiment moved to Fort Leavenworth,
Kan., and was assigned to garrison duty, Col. Goodwin commanding post. Major
Tunison with Go's C and F, occupied the post of Weston, Mo., from July 7 to August
3. Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Davis, commanding District of Northern Kansas, and Maj.
Gen. Curtis, commanding Department of Kansas. The regiment was mustered out
of the service of the United States at Springfield, 111., Oct. 14, 1864. The 138th regi-
ment had 100 day men to the number of 122 from Knox county.
Surgeon.
David P. Bigger, Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Chaplain.
B. F. Haekins, Victoria, June 21, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Principal Musician.
8. M. Bruner, Abingdon, e. May 17, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
COMPANY B.
Captain.
Luther B. Hunt, Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
First Lieutenant.
Homer Gaines, Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o.Oct.
14, 1874.
Second Lieutenant.
Henry C. Driees, Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
First Sergeant.
J. L. Olmstead, Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, absent
sickm. o. regt.
Sergeants.
Wai. T. Collins, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
J. Ineram, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m.o. Oct. 14,
1864.
F. F. Denton, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Corporals.
Wm. H. Hubbell, Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Thomas Brown, Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
A. R. Miller, Wataga, c. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct
14. 1864.
Geo. W. Nead, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864. m.o. Oct.
14, 1864.
H. Sornberger, Copley, e, May 18, 1864, m.o. Oct.
14 1864.
J. Packard, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
M. Rhodes, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Wm. C. Farnham, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Musicians.
Geo. M. Moodley, Oneida, e. May 13, 1864. m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
E. R. Faulkner, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Privates.
Andrews, L. V., Victoria, e. May 18, 186 m o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Adams. P. R., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Adams, F. A., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct,
14, 1864.
Anderson. C. F., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Alldridge, B. D., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14,1864.
Barrer, Henry, Wataga, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Brown, F. M., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Burns. J., Victoria, e. May 18. '64. m.o. Oct. 14,'64.
Boyd, R., Wataga, e. May 28, '64. m. o. Oct. 14, '66.
Brott, E., Victoria, e. May 18, '64, m. o. Oct. 14, '64.
Ccon, B. F., m. o. Oct. 14, 1864.
Coon, John, Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Chipping, T. W., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Davis, Randall, Wataga, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14. 1864.
Davis, J. J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1804, m. o. Oct. 14,
1864.
Daniels, J. R., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Denton, J. F., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Driggs, Wm. M., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Ekstrand, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Let.
14, 1864.
Ebright, C. C., Wataga, e. May 17, 1864, m o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Erickson, E., Copley, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Fosmire. F. S., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Fulmer, J. W., Wataga, e. May 26, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Freed. E., Victoria, e. May 18, '64. m.o. Oct. 14,' 64.
Fisher, James, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Grees, H., Victoria, e. May 18, '64, m. o. Oct. 14,'64.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
305
Hill, Wm. C., Henderson, May 13, 1864, absent
sick at m. o of regt.
Hanson, Wm., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Hanson, Peter, Wataga, e. May 35, died at Fort
Leavenworth, Aug. 18, 1864.
Holm, J. Watasra, e. May 28, '64, m. o. Oct. 14, '64.
King, A. L,., Victoria, e. May 18. 1864, m. o. Oct. 14.
1864.
Larson, A. L., Victoria, e. May 26, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Marshall, W. A., Wataga, e. May- 13. 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
More. Kenj., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Norell, L. J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Osborn, A. J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Olmstead. J. L., Copley, e. May 18, 1864, m.o. Oct
14, 1864.
Osborn, W. E., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Olson, Geo., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Parkins, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Fryer, G. H., Rio, e. May 25, '64, m. o. Oct. 14, '64
Paddock, Wm., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Russell, J. F., Wataga, e. May 30, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
Strain, J. E., Rio. e. May 25, '64, m.o. Oct. 14, '64
Sweeney, E. M., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Sanderson, H., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Tiffany, P., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14
1864.
Tiffany, N., Victoria, e. May 18. 1864, m. o., Oct
14, 1884.
Thomas, J. E., Knox Co., e. May 18, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Woolsey, T. N., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, absen
sick at m. o. of regt.
Wilks, J., Wataga, e. May 13, '64. m. o. Oct. 14, '64
Yancy, M. A., Wataga, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct
14, 1864.
COMPANY C.
Corporal.
Joseph W. Lntz, Abingdon, e. May 11, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Musicians.
T. R. Owen, Abingdon, e. May 10, 1864, m. o. Oc
14, 1864.
J. S. Bell, Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oc
14, 1864.
Privates.
Bassett, C. W.. Abingdon, e. May 10, 1864, m.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Cannon, J. H., Abingdon, e. May 10, 1864, absen
sick at m.o. of regt.
Carpenter, Wm., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Goole, R.. Abingdon, e. May 21, 1884, m. o. Oc
14, 1864.
Lewton, N., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oc
14, 1864.
Nicols, H.. Abingdon, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. Oc
14, 1864.
Richey, J. J., Abingdon, e. May 16, 1864, m.o. Oc
14. 1864.
Roe, W. O., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oc
14, 1864.
Sheaffer, Levi, Abingdon. e. May 13, 18G4, m.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Virtue, John. Abingdon. e. May 21, 1864, m.
Oct. 14, 1864.
21
COMPANY E.
First Lieutenant.
eo. F. Smith, Knoxville, e. Jane 21, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
First Sergeant.
F. Holcomb, Knoxville. e. May 6, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Sergeants.
m. West, Knoxville, e. May 3. 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
. J. Way, Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Corporals.
. E. Wahlgren, Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
enry C. Bailey, Knoxville, e. April 30, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
A. Johnson, Knoxville, e, May 2, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
. C. Field, Knoxville, e. April 30, 1864, m.o. Oct.
14, 1864.
'. W. McGill, Knoxville, e. May 4, 1864, m.o. Oct.
14, 1864.
. A. Snell, Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Privates.
Ukins, Alvin, Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
5rown, T. J., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m.o. Oct.
14, 1864.
Jonnor, C. P., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
ramer, M., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
iker, Wm. N., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Got. 14, 1864.
Franklin, L. A., Knoxville, e. May. 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
ield, S. E., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
'ravell, J. W., Knoxville, e. May 7, 1864, absent
sick at m. o. of regt.
,awther, W. S., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864. m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
;ochbaum, S., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14. 1864.
McGrew, W. F., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Milam, M. V.,Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m.o. Oct.
14, 1864,
McFarland, C., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Maxwell, J., Knoxville, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct.
14, 1864.
McCracken, J. B., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Moats, W. H., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Middleton, J. F., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14. 1864.
Mann, A. B., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct.
McCray, J. W., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864,
McCracken, R. H., Knoxville. e. May 14, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 14, Ib64.
McGrew. J. F., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Perry, Wm., Knoxville, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. Oct.
Rogers, J. P., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1S64, m. o.
Oct. 14. 1864.
Schwartz, W. S., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Schwartz. D. H., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
Stevenson, T. Z., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 14, 1864.
366
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
istonesipber, W. H.. Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864
m. o. Oct. 14, 1864.
Sweet, <i. W., Knoxville. e. May3, 1864, m. o Oct
14, 1864.
Wilcox, Benj. F., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m.o
Oct. 14, 1864.
Woods, J. M., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
West. R., Knoxville, e. May 14,'6 1, m.o. Oct. 14, '64
Wilcox, J. W., Knoxville, e. May It, 1864, m. o
Oct. 14, 1864.
139th INFANTRY.
Lieutenant- Colonel.
Horace H. Willsie, Galesburg, e. June 7,1864, m
o. Oct. 23,1661.
COMPANY D.
Captain.
Wm. H. Marble, Galesburg, e, June 7, 1864. m. o
Oct. 28, 1864.
First Lieutenant.
Samuel Reynolds, Galesburg, e. June 1, 1864, m.o
Oct. 28, 1864.
Second Lieutenant.
Frank A. Thomas, Galesburg, e. June 1, 1864, m.o
Oct. 23, 18B4.
Sergeants.
Wm. L. Fleharty, Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864,
m. O. Oct. 28, 1864.
Frank Summer, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
W A. Smith, Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
R. R. Huntington, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 28, 1864.
Corporals.
Lake W. Sanborn, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 28, 1864, sergt.
M. R. Landon, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist.
J. O'Connor, Galesburg, e May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
N. A. Turpening, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist.
Laland Suits, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
E M Spai ding, Galesburg, e. April 30, 1864, m. o
Oct. 28,1861.
M. Mangom, Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
T. A. Armstrong, Galesburg, e. May 15, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Musicians.
R. R. Marble, Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
James W. Carson, Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Wagoner.
R St. George, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist.
Privates.
Allen, C., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28,
1864.
Armstrong, Geo.. Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 15, 1864, to re-fnlist.
Brown, 11., Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o. Oct.
15, 1864, to re-enlist.
Baird, S., Galesburjr. e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct.
15, 1864, to re-enlist.
Bundy, F. M., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o
Oct 28, 1864, corpl.
Cooke 'F. F., Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864, m.o
Oct. 27, 1864.
Carpenter, Samuel, Galesburg, e. May 3, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 28, 1864.
Carson. J. H.. Galesburg, e. May 4, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Cramer, J. W., Galesburg, e. May 10, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28. 1864.
Curtis, J. H.. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Cook, James. Galesburg, e. May 14. 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28. 1864.
Clark, A. B., Jr., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28. 1861.
De Voss. F. M., Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Darnell. Isaac, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Dailey, S., Galesburg, e. May 19, 1861, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Farr, L. E., Galesburg, e. April 30 1864, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Fuller, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. April 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Goddard, S. M., Galesburg, e. April 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Geer, J. C., Galesburg, e. April 11, 1864, absent
sick m. o. regt.
Goss, A. L., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o Oct.
28, 1864.
Gray, S., Galesburg, e. April 18, 1861, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Hicks, M. M.. Galesburg, e. April 2, 1864, m. o.
Oct 28, 1861.
Harper, C. A., Galesburg, e. April 10, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Herring, S. W., Galesburg, e. April 11, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Hatfleld, F., Galesburg, e. April 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Huff, Geo., Galesburg, e. April 12, 1861, m. o. Oct.
15, 1864, re-enlist.
Haynes, C. W., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Humes, J. H., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct 28, 1864.
Holmes, S. P., Galesburg, e. April 16, 1864. m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Ingersol, J. H., Galesburg, e. April 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Johnson, J , Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 15, 1864, re-enlist.
Knowles, H., Galesburg, e. April 28, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Kern, G. W., Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Kellogg, F. M., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28. 1864.
Linstrum. John, Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m. o -
Oct. 28, 1864.
Linguist, C. I., Galesburg, e. May 18, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Larson, Jonas, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864. m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
McWhirt, J. H., Galesburg, e. April 27,1864. m.
o. Oct. 28, 1864.
Morse, G. M., Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Marshal, A. L., Galesbnrg, e. May 10, 1864, m.
Oct. 28, 1864.
McCabe, S., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Miles, J. F., Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Newman, P. V., Galesburg, e. May 20, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
O'Connor, T.. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Ostrom, A., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1861, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
367
Patterson, S. W., Galesburg. e. May 11, 1804, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Pen-sou, S. G., Galesburg, e. May 2, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Pavden, D. W.. Galesburg. e. May 19, 1864. m. o.
" Oct. 28. 1864.
Philips, F. L.. Galeeburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Peterson, Olof. Galesburg, e. May 14, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist.
Rogers, H. M., Galeeburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Rogers, W. A., Galesbnrg. e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
" Oct. 28. 1861. re-enlist.
Rtinhart. G. W., Galesburg, e. May 15, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Randall, P. M., Galesbnrg, e. May 14, 1864, died
at Cairo, July 26, 1864.
Randall, T. I., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1861, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Runkle. Geo.. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28. 1864.
Shimbur, N. P.. Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m, o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Sullivan, P. H., Galesburg, e. May 12. 1861, m. o.
Corpora Is.
Peter A. Baker, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865.
W. W. Hir>bard, Galesbnrg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5. 1865.
C. Hinsey, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. Sept.
5, 1865.
Privates.
Sperry, M. F., Galesbnrg, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Smith, Albert. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 15, 1864, vet.
Stancliff, D. R.. Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864. m. o.
Oct. 15. 1864, vet.
Sherwood, M. C., Galesbnrg, e. May 12, 1864. m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Tiiden, J. H.. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Thompson. J.. Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Vanvleet. H.. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Wilsie, M. J., Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Wirth, John. Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28. 1864.
Webster, F. C.. Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
Wilkins. S., Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m. o. Oct.
28, 1864.
Woods, J. W , Galesburg, e. May 11, 1864, m.o.
Oct. 28, 1864.
148th INFANTRY.
Colonel.
Horace H. Willsie, Galesburg, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m
o. Sept. 5, 1865.
COMPANY E.
Aldrich. D., Henderson, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept
5, 1865, corpl.
Anderson, C. J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o
Sept. 5, 1865.
Nelson, Peter. Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o
Sept. 5, 1865.
COMPANY F.
Captain.
Frank A. Thomas, Galesburg, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o
Sept. 5, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
Mason M. Hicks. Galesburg, e. April 20, 1865, m. o
Sept. 5, 1865.
Sergeants.
Wm. A. Smith, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o
Sept. 5, 1865, 1st sergt.
Samuel Gray. Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 18IJ5, m. o
Sept. 5, 1865.
Buckley, Wm. A.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m.
o. Sept. 5, 1865.
Brown. E. H.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865.
ennel, R. M., Abingdon, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865.
Bennel, A. J., Abingdon, e. Feb. 11, 1865. m. o.
Aug. 21, 1865.
Bancron, G. A., Galesburg, e. Feb: 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5. 1865.
Bunting, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865 m. o.
July 22, 1865.
arson, J. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, de-
tached at m. o. regt.
Dandee, C. W., Galesburg. e. Feb. 11, 1865, died
at Tullahoma. Tenn., July 20, 1865.
Dietrich. G. C., Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Aug. 30, 1865.
Farnesworth, C. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865,
m. o. Sept. 5, 1865.
Jreenwood, L, Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 7, 1865.
Herring, S. W., Abingdon, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865, corpl.
Hitchcock, J. P., Galesburg, e. Feb. 14, 1865, killed
by guerrillas, near Franklin, Ky., Feb. 28, 1865.
O'Connor, T., Galesburg, e. Feb 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865.
Olson, A., Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. Sept.
5, 1865.
Pryne, A. F., Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865,
Pentacost. W . , Galesburg, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 5, 1865.
J age, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 14. 1865, m. o. Sept.
5, 1865
COMPANY I.
Butt, D. W., Knoxville, Feb. 10, 1865, m. o. Sept.
5, 1865, musician.
Wade, H. M., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o.
May :>4, 1865.
1st CAVAtRY.
Battalion Adjutant.
Harry S. Smith, Galesburg, e. Jan. 1, 1862, ui. o.
June 16. 1862.
COMPANY .
Captain.
J. B. Smith, Knoxville, e, July 1, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
first -Lieutenant.
Leonard Hollenberg, Knoxville, e. July 1, 1861, m.
June 20, 1862.
Second Lieutenant.
Wm. A. Murray, Knoxville, e. July 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
First Sergeant.
Gardner B. Stearnes. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
disch. Feb. 22, 1862, wounds.
Q. M. Sergeant.
Geo. W. Brainbridge, Lynn, e. April 23. 1861,
disch. Feb. 18, 1862, wounds.
368
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Sergeants.
Harry S. Smith, Kuoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9. 1801.
John T. Lyile. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, diech.
Oct. 9. 18(51.
Peter Renstrom, Knoxville, e. April 23, 18(51, disch.
Peh. 19, 1863 wound-.
Wm. H. Holcomb. Knoxville, e. April23, 1831,
disch. Oct. 9, 1801.
Corporals.
G. Frank Clark, Knoxville, e. April 33, 1861, m. o.
-July 14. 1862.
Stephen Waterburs. Knoxville e. April 23, 1861,
disch. Oct. 9, 1881.
Geo. O. Wright, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Hiram V. Burneson, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
died at Jefferson City, Mo.
James M. Smiley. Knoxville, e. Aug. 23, 1861, m.
o. July 14, 1862.
Samuel Byers, Knoxville, e. April 23. 1881, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
John V. Morris, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Bradford S. Bassett, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
pro. lieut. 2d Kan. cav.
Buglers.
LeanderRiggs, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
J. H. Sanboru, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Saddler.
William Craig, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Blacksmith.
Thompson M. McCarnish, Knoxville, e. April 21,
1861, disch. Oct. 9, 1861.
Farrier.
Henry Foltz, Knoxville, e. April 28, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 187*.
Wagoner.
Emery J. Price, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Color Bearer.
J. A. Burdett, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Privates.
Abbott, B. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Abbott, N. R., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Anderson, J. C., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Anderson. G. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
disch. Feb. 18, 1862, wounds.
Anderson, W. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
discb. Oct. 9, 1881.
Anderson, J.F ., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Andrews, J. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Andrews. J. H , Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Baldwin, J., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Barnard, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Barton, E. G., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, diech.
Oct. 9,1861.
Bays, W. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 11, 1862.
Bryant, James, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Burt, J. S., Knoxville. e. April 23, 1861, disch. Oct.
9, 1861.
Burt, F., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Campbell, J. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1881, disch.
Oct. 9. 1861.
Calkins. F. P., Oneida, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
14. 1862.
Coe. P. S., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861. disch. Oct
9. 1861.
Cone, G. W.. Knoxville. e. April 23, 1881, disch.
Oct. ( .t. 1861.
Crosson. W. H,. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Courtney. E. C., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Culver, Hiram A., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
disch April 1, 1862.
Davis. G. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, killed at
Lexington, Mo.
Deuuig. D. H.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, died
April 30, 1863, wounds.
Dunham, W. O., Knoxville, e. April 23,1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Fillmore. J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct, 9, 1861.
Finley, J. A., Oneida, e. April 23, 1861, sick at m. o.
regt.
Gaston, H. O.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Gibbs, J., Lynn, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Goddard. A. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1863.
Harding, A.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Higley, E. D.. Knoxville, e. April 23. 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Hines, L., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Hoasr, L D., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Holmes, David, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Hotchkiss, M. V., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
disch. Feb. 10, 1862, wounds.
Kingsley, J. C., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861. diech.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Kirk, R.. Knoxville, e. April 22, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Krotter, J. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Laweon, L., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, discb.
Oct. 9, 1881.
Mastin, C. S.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Matteson, S. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
McBride, Wm., Lynn, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
McConu, A. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9. 1861.
McDonald, W. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861.
killed at Lexington, Mo.. Sept. 20, 1861.
Meadows, J. H., Kuoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9,1861.
Miller, M., Knoxville. e. April 23, 1861, disch. Oct.
9, 1861.
Morris, N., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Mosier, G. S.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Newkirk, J. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m.o.
July 14, 1863.
Parkhouse, J., Knoxville, e. April 23. 1861. disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Patterson, Geo., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, pro.
com. sergt.
Peabody, Wm., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Potter J. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9,1861.
Rench. F. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1861.
Roe, T. H , Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
14. 1862.
Roe, D. M., Knoxville. e. April 23. 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
369
Samuels, C.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct.9, 1861.
S'chuebley, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m.
o.July 14, 1862.
fJperry, G. G., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch,
Oct, 9. 1861.
Stevens, R. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Stewart, Yates, Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861. disch.
Oct. 9, 1861 .
Strain. D. W., Knoxville. e. April 23, 1861, m o.
July 14, 1862.
Townsend, J. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
disch. Oct. 9, 1861.
Waterberry. D. H.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
disch. Oct.9. 1861.
"VVemple, C. H., Kuoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Wetmore, W. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861,
drowned.
Whitney, M. W.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m.
o. July 14. 1862.
Woolgey, E. W.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m.
0. July 14, 1862.
Young, J. P., Kuoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch.
Oct. 9, 1861.
Young, R.. Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o. July
Jones,.!. U., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15. 1861, m. o
July 14,1862.
Kinney, W. 8.. Knoxville, e. April 10, 1862, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Lander, P. O.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Lewis, Peter. Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Lafferty, E., Kuoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Lewis, S. K.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 16, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Manchester, A. A. G.. Knoxville, e. Nov 15, 1861.
m. o. July 14. 1862.
McGivin, R. H., Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
McCaslin, J.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Miller, M. C., Knoxville, e. Jan. 1, 1862, m. o. July
14. 1862.
Moak. N., Knoxville, e. Jan. 1, 1862, m. o. July 14.
1862.
Morris, M., Kuoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1862, m. o. July
14, 1863.
Recruits.
Annie, J. K., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Anderson, Philip, Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Berger. Harry O.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m.
o. July 14, 1862.
Benston, Olif. Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July. 14, 1862.
Butts, G. v\ .. Knoxville, e. Dec. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862
Butler, Cyrus, Knoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Butler, Win. C.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Cr..thers, M. L.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 186.J.
Coleon. Henry. Knoxville, e. May 1, 1867, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Coakley, N. B., Knoxville, e. April 5 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Dudley. Geo. A.. Knoxville, e. Nov 15, 1831. m.o.
July 14, 1862.
Downes, A. J., Knoxville, e. Feb. 1. 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Fowler, W. P., Knoxville, e. Feb. 16, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Ootrich, J., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o. July
Grant. E., Knoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1862, m. o. July 14,
1862.
Gibbs, C. G., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Goddard, Henry, Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Gilbord, J. F., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1861, m. o.
July 1-1, 1862.
McCaffrey, J. W., Knoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1862. m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Merriit, W. H.. Knoxville, e. April 10, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Mallory, L., Kuoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
McRussell, T., Knoxville,e. Dec. 15, 1862.deserted.
Norris, L. H.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Nelson. J. 8 , Knoxville, e. Jan. 1, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Neale, J. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Nelson, M. W., Knoxville. e. July 7, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Nims, H A., Knoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1862, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Olson. S., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o. July 14,
1862.
Ostrauder, J W., Knoxville, e. April 5, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Robinson. C. F., Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
Robinson. R.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 186i.
Rondz, J., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15. 1861, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Rose, J. H.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1862, m. o. July
14. 1862.
Rhodes, F., Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, m"; o. July
14, 186i.
Shaw, F. C., Knoxville, e. May 20, 1862, m. o. July
14, 1862.
Short, B L., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m.o. July
14, 1862.
Schwabby. J., Knoxville, e. Feb. 10, 1862, m. o.
July 14. 1862.
SMnn, F. B.. Knoxville, e. April 10, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Thompson. J.. Knoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1862, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Tibo. Thomas, Knoxville, e. Nov. 1, 1861, deserted.
14, 1862.
Hicks, Thomas., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
July 14, 1862.
Henry, M.. Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1851, m. o. July Walgren, C. E., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o.
14, 186J.
7th CAVALRY.
July 14, 1862.
Wolsey, E., Knoxville, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. July
Seventh Cavalry was organized by Col. Wm. Pitt Kellogg, then of Canton, in 1861.
In this regiment were 212 men from this county; two of whom were killed, 28 died,
"> were wounded, and 8 were taken prisoners.
COMPAXY B. Levi Hodge, Knox co., e. Jan. 8, 1862, resigned,
Porter, J., Ontario, e. Jan. 19, '65, m.o. Nov. 4, '65. Wm H Reynolds, Orange, e. June 1, 1863, term
10MPAXYD. expired Oct. 15, 1864.
Captains. First Lieuttnant.
Wright Woolsey. Orange, e. Aug. 12. 1861. resign- Franklin Mount. Cedar, e. Oct. 12. 1864. vet. m. o.
ed. Jan. 8. )862. Nov. 4, ItrOo.
370
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Second Lieutenants.
Wm. O. Yargan, Orange, e. Jan. 8, 1862, resigned
May 23, 1862.
James 8. McCool, Sparta, e. June 1, 18G2, term
expired Oct. 15, 1864.
First Sergeant.
S. E. Olmsted, Victoria, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
Victoria, III., Dec. 9, 1861.
Q. M. Sergeant.
C. W. Olmsted. Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Sergeants.
Thomas D. Smith. Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
New Madrid, Mo., March 13, 1862.
C. N. Morris, Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Corporals.
Davis Vulgimore, Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
pro. capt. Co. G., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865.
F. T. Garrison, Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
July 9. 1863, disability.
J. B. Hendricks, Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Oct. 13, 1862, disability.
Allen M. Davis, Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Dec. 5. 1862, wounds.
J. Potts, Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at Savan-
nah, Tenn., June 8, 1862.
Bugler.
James Lawrence, Knox co., e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.
m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, sergt.
Farrier.
Daniel McCray, Knox co., Aug. 10, 1831, disch.
May 30, 1862, disability.
Blacksmith.
John Wilson. Galesburar. e. Aug. 10, 1861. disch.
April 1, 1863,. disability.
Saddler.
John Roscum, Knox co., e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.
o. Nov. 4, 1865.
Wagoner.
Eli Caover, Knox co.,e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.March
Denean. D.. Cedar, e. Aug. 10. 1861, disch. July 9
1862, disability.
Earl, Geo., Sparta, e. Aug. 10. 1861, vet., m.o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Elwell, J. E., Orange, e. Aug. 10. 1861, vet., m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865, sergt.
Bastes. J. A.. Orange, e. Aug. 10. 1861. disch. Sept.
2, 1862, disability.
Errick, Charles, Knox co., e. Aug. 10, 1861. disch.
April 16. lr-62. disability.
Errickson. M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. r
pro. chief bugler, m. o Nov. 4, 1865.
Edrington, G. E., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m.
o. Oct. 15, 1864. corpl.
Fields. F. P.. Knox co.. e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Aug. 26, 1862. disability.
Gibbfl. F. A., Knox co.. e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
July 3, 1862. disability.
Garrett, J. H., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. Oct.
15, 1864.
Hubbard, Uri, Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.
o. Nov. 4. 1865.
Humeston, C. J., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Sept. 16, 1862, disability.
Henderson, G. H.. Maquon,e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Nov. 4, 1865.
Jonec, Safl'ord, Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
Memphis, July 30, 1863.
Jones, J. L., Indian Pt., e. Aug. 10, 1861. disch.
April 13, 1863, disability.
Jones. C., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m. o. Nov.
4, 1865, corpl.
Lawrenre, G. F., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861. vet. m.o.
Nov. 4, 1865, corpl.
Mather, J., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at Birds'
3, 1863, disability.
Privates.
ther, J., Orange, e. Aug. 1
Point, Mo.. Jan. 27, 1862.
Mohallan, A., Indian Pt., e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
March 14, 1863, disability.
Mullis, S., Indian Pr., e. Aug. 10, 1861,disch. June
13, 1862. disability.
Massey, I. J., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Milam, Wm., Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o.
April 24, 1866, prisoner of war.
Mott, S. C., Victoria, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Marsh, A. B., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
Mound City, 111., Jan. 16, 1862.
Morey, J. K., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861. disch. Oct.
19, 1862, disability.
Messenger, L. G., Victoria, e. Aug. 10. 1861, vet.,
m. o. Nov 4. 1805.
Morrison, G. G., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,m. o.
Nov. 4. 1865, sergt.
More, E. M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1861, killed
near Okolona, Miss., Feb. 22, 1864.
Ackley, D. C.. Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch. June'Newgent, Thomas, Knox co., e. Aug. 10, 1861,
13, 1862, disability. drowned, April 3, 1862.
Allen, J. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 10, 1861. lO'Grady, D., Knox CO., e. Aug. 10, 1861, pro. hospl.
Barthleman, G. C., Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861.
disch. April 16, 1862, disability.
Baldwin, E., Indian Pt., e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m.o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Betterton, J., Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Oct. 13, 1862, disability.
Betterton, Geo., Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Nov. 4,1865.
Barnett. Alex., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Bloom, J. M., Knox co., e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. m. o.
Nov. 4. 1865. '
Belden, Geo.. Knox co., e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o.
July 8, 1865, prisoner of war.
Craver, C. P., Indian Pt, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.,
killed at Nashville, Tenu., Dec. 15, 1864.
Crary, E. J., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., m. o.
Nov. 4 1865, corpl.
Cunningham, J., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch.
Jan. 15, 1863, disability.
Coe, J. W., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861. vet., m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865. sergt.
steward.
Potts. Noah. Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m.o. Sept.
24, 1865, prisoner of war.
Peters, Jacob, Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch. Oct.
24, 1862. disability.
Raines, P. R., Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. Oct.
15. 1864, farrier.
Rutledge, I., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1>'61, miss-
ing'in action near Somerville.
Short, H. T., Indian Pt.,e Aug. 10, 1861, vet. m o.
Nov. 4, 1865, 1st sergt.
Shumaker. J. H., Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861. disch.
June 13. 1862, disability.
Stephens, Robert, Cedar, e. Aug. 10, 1861, died at
Corhuh, Sept. 15, 1862, wounds.
Terry, I. C., Ontario, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet.
Vulgimore. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 10, Is61, trans, to
invalid corps.
Whipp, C., Galesburg, e. Ang 10, 1861, vet. m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865, sergt.
Woods, N. C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 10, 1861. m. o.
Oct. 15. 1865, 1st sergt.
Dennis, W. H., Orange, e. Ang. 10, 1861, died at Wallick, M. L., Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. corpl.
Jacinto, Mies., July 18, 186.-. died Aug. 10. 186.% at Decatur. Ala.
Davis. Geo. W., Maqnon, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disch. !Way, S., Chestnut, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet., pro. 24
June 13, 1862, disability. lieut. Co. G.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
371
m. o. Nov.
Yargaii, Wm. O.. Orange, e. Aug. 10, 1861.
Recruits.
Booton. T. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 18(52, m. o.
July 12, 1865, corpl.
Bonham, B. A., Abingdon, e. Sept. 1, 1862, m. o.
July 8, 1865, prisoner of war.
Butts. S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. July 12,
1862, wounds.
Brown, Leander. A., Abingdon, e. July 25, 1862, m.
o. July 12, 1862.
Bellwood, L.. Abingdon, e. July 25, 1862, m. o.
July i2, 1862.
Booton, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 30, 1862, m. o.
July 12. 1862.
Byram, C. E., Orange, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. June
22, 1865
ept23 v '65.
Ree?e, W. W., Abingdon. e. A'ig. 11, 1862, disch.
March 16, 1?63, disability.
Ruble. Peter. Knox co , e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Stiles, J. R., Abingdon, e. Au?. 4, 1862, m. o. July
12, 1865.
Stiles, M., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Shay. J.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. July
12, 1865.
Snay, D., Abingdon, Feb. 15, '64, m. o.'Nov. 4, '65.
Smith, Lewis, Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Smith, I., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. July
12, 1864.
Tnde, James, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Thompson. F. M., Abingdon, e. May 16, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 6, 1865
Bellwood, Levi Abingdon e. July 25, 1862, died Thom ; jj ., chestnut, e. Jan 26, 1865, m. o.
at Corinth, Oct. 23, 1862.
Brulin. C., Rio, e. March 9, 1865, m.o. Nov. 4, 1865
Nov. 4, 1865.
. J., Hermon. e. Feb. 15, '64, m. o. Nov. 4, '65.
Crosson, S. Abingdon. e. Aug 7, 1862, died at! Woo i ge y, G. W., Orange,' e.' Nov. '9/1863,' m. o'.
T?^of r\r\wt Ifltaa Arhi.ll 1 ^ 1 M^*i ._ **. B '
Eastport, Miss., April 15, 1865
Christopher, Win.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m.
o. June 30, 1865.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Woolsey, W. H., Orange, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Cornson, D.. Abingdon, e Ang. 11, 1862, died, at wil cox ,'J.'H ., Knoxville , e. Dec. 17, 1863, m.o.
Lagrange, Tenu.. April 14, 1863. Nov 4 1865
Christopher, Geo , Abingdon e. Feb. 15, 1864, died, Wes terfi'eld, J. R , Abingdon, e. May 16, 1804, died
at Memphis, June 14, 1864. __ _ | at Memphis, Oct. 18, 1864.
Calhoun. J.'C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch.
Sept. 10. 18d3, disability.
Cox. E. V., Indian Pt., e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Cannon, J. H., Knox, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Wiues, John, Abingclon, e. Ang. 4,1862, died at
L iGrange, Tenn.. Ma ch 27, 1863.
Wilkinson, R.. Salem, e. March 9, 1865, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1864.
Warring, H.. Knoxco., e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Elwell, W. E Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, m. o. y om)? j ',, Abingdon, July 28, 1862, m. o.
Nov. 4, 180o, as bugler. Ju ] y 12 1865
Elwell, E B. Knoxville, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Beam g , Cedar ; e Feb 21 1865 died at Hunts-
vine, Ala., Sept. 16, 1865.
C'OJIPAXY K.
Recruits.
Nov. 4. 1865.
Fairchild. Levi. Abingdon, e. Aug. 8,{lS62,';[m. o.
July 12. 1865.
Fairchild, Geo.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 186J, m. o.
July 12, 1865. as corpl.
Fenton, F.. Abingdon, e. Feb. 20, 1865, sick at m.
o. of regt.
Garrison, Wm.. Abingdon. e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Babbitt, John, Abingdon, e, Aug 24, 1862, died
Nov. 4, 1865. ai Andersonville prison. July 23, 1864.
Hiram, Enke, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, vet. 'Benson. Geo. C , Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1853, m. o.
m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. Nov. 4. 1865.
Hanley, J., Orange, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, Benson, Wm. L., Chestnut, e Dec. 17, 1863, m. o.
1865.
Harvey, Joseph, Abinadon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died
Memphis, Auir. 5, 1863.
Herndon, J. W., Knox co., e. Jan. 20, 1862, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Lawrence. J. K., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Lawrence, J. M., Orange, e. Dec. 30, 186?, m.o.
Sept. 23.1865.
Lomnx, C. P., Abingdon, July 25, 1862, m. o. July
12, 1862.
Lenquist, J.,Rio, e. March 9, '65, m. o.'Nov. 4, '65.
Moore, Geo., Abingdou, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. July
12, 1865.
Maxson, D., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. July
12. 1865.
Murdock, J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died in
Knox Co., III., March 14, 1863.
Mullis. S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at
Matt
Memphis, March 31, 1864.
eson, M. D., Abingdon, e. Sept. 1. 1863, m. o.
^ , nr ! 1U1 1 -
Morris, Geo.. Knoxville e. Aug. 12, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Morris. N., Knoxville. e. Feb. 10, 186
4, 18G5, assergt.
Morris, M., Knoxville. June 24, 1863.
!, m. o. Nov.
Nov. 4, 18B5
Harvey, A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. July Bivins, W. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 3CT, 1882, m. o.
12.1865. Aug. 12, 1865.
Hyde. J. C., Abingdon, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. May Brown, Austin J. Abingdon, e. Aug. 23, 1882. m.o.
1r ~ 1cm ~ July 12, 18H5.
Bliss, A. B., Abing Ion, e. Aug. 11, 1862, missing
iu action since Feb. 20, 18H4.
Bowman. J. M.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
July 12.1865.
Bomgardner, F. M.. Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m.
o. Nov. 4, 1865, bugler.
Burnangh, L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Bnrnaugh, A.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1852, m.o.
July 12, 1865.
Burnaugh, Joseph, Orange, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Burnaugh, Ben j.. Orange, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865, prisoner of war.
Cramer, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
July 12. 1865.
Cole, Geo. V., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, trans-
ferred to Invalid Corps.
Clabaugh, J. S. A., Chestnut, e. Feb. 23, 1865, m.
o. Nov. 4, 1865.
Eggers, Matthew, Chestnut, e. Jan. 26. 1865, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Eggers, James, Chestnut, e. Feb. 23, 1865, m. o.
"Nov. 4, 1865.
Free/e, J. M.. e. Aug. 30, 1S62, m. o. July 12, 1855.
Freeze, H., Orange, e. July 13, '65, m.o. Nov. 4, '65.
372
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Hall. Samuel, Abingdon, e. Aug. 5, 18G2, m. o.
July 12, 1885, ascorpl.
Hale, M. D., Chestnut, e. Dec. 1<
Nov. 4, 1865.
1863, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Massie, Thomas, Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 27, 1865.
McKini;ie, R., Abingdon, e, Aug. 20, 1862. m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Morris, J. P., Indian Ft. e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o.
Nov. 4, 1865.
Moon, R. A., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m.o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Neff, Christian. Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Nelson, J. S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, drowned
at Eastport, Miss., March 3, 1865.
Parks, J., Galesburg, e. Nov. 18, 1863, m. o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Potter, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 30, 1862, m.o. July
12, 1865.
Putnam, F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m.o. July
12, 1865.
Randall. G. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Russell, B.C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1832, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
Routh, C. E., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m.o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Routh, T. J., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m.o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Sloan, A. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m.o. July
12, 1865.
Steach, G. C., Abingdou, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disch.
May 8, 1863, disability.
Smith, W. H., Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m.o. Nov.
4, 1865, corporal
Tyler, A. C., Galesburg, vet., m.o. Nov. 4,1865, Co.
com. sergeant.
Turner, Horace, Abingdon, e. Aug. 20. 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1$65, sergeant
Tif t, E. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July
12, 18o5, corporal.
Virtue, T. K.. Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, vet, m. o
Nov. 4, 1835, corporal.
COMPANY JL.
Adkins, James, Abingdon, e. Sept. 16, 1862.
Brown, Wm. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 23, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Burnett, D. D., Abingdon. e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch.
Aprils. 1863, disability.
Butler, J. E.. Knox co., e. Jan. 16, 1865, died at
New Albany.Ind., March 6, 1865.
Epperson. J. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o.
July 20. 1865.
Johnson, N. L.. Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o.
July 12, 1865.
Mitchell, L. Abingdon, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. July
12, 1865,
Mathewson, J. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, 1862, m
O.July 12 1865.
Miller, A. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, 1862, m.o. July
12, 1865, corporal.
Park. W. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at
Baton Rouge, July 14, 18li<.
Pyle, Beuj. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at
Lagrange, Tenn., Feb. 15, 1863.
Rine, Michael, Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1S62, m. o.
July 12, 1862.
Reed, Isom, Indian Point, e Jan. 20, 1862, nV. o.
Sept. 23, 1865.
Thompson, H., Abingdon, Aug. 4. 1862, died at
Memphis, May 5, 1864.
West. H., Knox co.. e. Aug. 29, 1862, discharged
May 13, 1865, wounds.
West, J., Indian Point, e. Feb. 15, 1861, m. o. Nov.
4, 1865.
White, E.. Abingdon, e. Auj
Jiarly Grove, Miss., Jan. 25, 1863.
29, 1862, killed at
West, W., Indian Point, e. Jan. 20, 1865. m.o. Nov.
4, 1865.
Unassigned Recruits.
1865.
1864.
9th CAVALRY.
COMPANY C
Davison, J. L., Knox co., e. Oct. 20, 1864, m. o.
May 31, 1865.
COMPANY H.
Robinson, R., Knoxville, e. Jan. 25, 1864, disch.
Aug. 4, 1864, wounds.
COMPANY I.
Hadley, J. D., Galesbnrg, e. Oct. 17, 1861.
Wills, P. M., Galesburg, e. Oct. 19, 1861, m. o. Oct.
31, 1865,
Gray, Wm., Victoria, e. Feb. 1, 1864, died at East-
port, Miss., Feb. 10, 1865.
COMPANY It.
Sergeant.
Geo. C. Stanley, Copley, e. Oct. 2, 1861, m. o. Oct.
31, 1864, 1st sergeant.
Corporal.
Peter Hallenback, Copley, e. Sept. 19, 1861, disch.
June 1, 1862, sergeant.
Privates.
Bennett, Isaac, Victoria, e. Sept. 19,1861, died at
Patterson, Mo., May 11, 1862.
Bennett, Alex., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, disch.
June 1, 1862.
Brott, Willis, Victoria, e. Oct. 2, 1861, vet., trans-
ferred to 2d U. S. C. artillery.
Belcher, W. R., Truro, e. Sept. 24, 1861, m. o. Oct.
31, 1864.
Boggs, William. Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, disch.
June 1. 1862.
Boggs, David, Victoria, e. Oct. 21, 1861.
Foster, E., Victoria, e. Oct. 12, 1861, vet., died in
hands of the enemy.
Hubbell, Wm. H., Victoria, e. Oct. 19, 1861, disch.
Oct. 28, 1862.
Jarvis. S. G., Victoria, e. Oct. 6, 1861.
Kimbler, Caleb. Truro, e. Oct. 8, 1861, vet., m. o.
Oct. 31. 1865.
Moak, P., Victoria, e. Oct. 13, 1861, vet., m.o. Oct.
31, 1865. corporal.
Olmstead. W. B., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, died
at St. Louis, Nov. 3, 1862.
Olmstead, J. R., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861. disch.
June 1, 1862.
Osgood. W., Truro, e. Oct. 8, '61, m. o. Oct. 31, '64.
Stanley, J. M., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet., m.o.
Oct. 31, 1865, sergeant.
Strong, W. F.. Truro., e. Sept. 19, 1861, died at Pat-
terson, Mo., April 9, 1862.
Sager, 8. S., Truio, e. Sept,l 19, 1861, m. o. Oct.
31, 1864.
Stafford. S., Rio, e. Sept. 18, 1861, vet. m. o. Oct.
31, 1865.
Wayman, J., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, 1861, disch.
Nov. 24, 1862.
Wilmot, B. A., Sparta, e. Sept. 20, 1862, vet. m. O.
Oct. 31, 1885. sergeant.
Wilder, J. K., Truro, e. Oct. 18, 1861, m. o. Oct.
31, 1864.
Foster, T. A., Wataga, e. Oct. 17, 1861,vet..m.o. Oct.
31, 1865, sergeant.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
373
Recruits.
Blackwood, L. D. Altona, e. Jan. 23, 1804, m. o.
Oct. 31, 1805.
Lynes, C., Victoria, e. Nov. 25, 1861.
Neil. J. W.. Victoria, e. Feb. 1, 1804, m. o. Oct. 31,
COMPANY L,.
Privates.
Gay, Frank, Galesburg, e. Nov. 1, 1881, vet. m. o.
1865, corporal. Oct. 31, 1865.
Smith, A. H., Altona, e. Nov. 25, 1861, disch. July Green, John, Elba. e. Jan. 3, '65, m.o. Oct. 31, '65.
22, 1862. IHuntington, A., Henderson, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o.
Strong, H. P., Victoria, e. Jan. 19, 1862.
22 1805.
Brnner, Isaac, Eio, e. 'April 24, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Oct. 31, 1865, corporal.
Shannon, S. L., Victoria, e. Feb. 1, 1864, m.o. June Fox, Samuel. Knox CO., e. Sept. 20, 1861, Co. E,
10th cavalry.
llth CAVALRY.
The Eleventh Cavalry was organized by Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, of Peoria. This
county had men in companies B, C, E, H, K, and M 108 in all, two of whom were
killed ; 8 died.
Adjutant.
Benjamin Oram. Galesburg, e. April 20, 1865, re-
signed June 23, 1865.
Surgeon.
Robert F. Stratton, Maquon, e. Jan. 23, 1862, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
COMPANY B.
Bane, A., J., Yates City, e. Sept, 31, 1861.vet., died
at Yatee City, 111, May 3, 1864.
Clark, W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 24, 1861.
Recruits.
Awl, C. S., Salem, e. Jan. 21, 1865.
Awl. W. M.. Truro, e. Jan. 18. 1865.
Sevens, J. E., Salem, e. Jan. 23. 1865, m. o. Sept.
30. 1865.
Bishop, I. A., Salem, e. Jan. 26. 1865, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Sevens, Geo., Salem, e. Jan. 23, 1865, m. o. May
i:(, 1862.
Crouse, E. H., Salem, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Carroll, C. C., Salem, e. Jan. 18, 1865, m.o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Jones, A. H. , Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
McKeighan, S., Salem, e. Jan. 23, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Nichols, J. H. H., Truro, e, Jan. 18, 1865, m. o.
Aug. 5, 1865.
Orton, M., Salem, e.Feb. 3. '65, m. o. Sept. 30, '65.
Eeamy, E., Salem, e. Jan. 20, 1865, absent sick at
m. o. regt.
COMPANY C.
Captain.
Geo. W. Freeman, Galesburg, e, Dec. 20. 1861,
resigned March 20, 1862.
First Lieutenant.
Jacob, D. Brown, Galesbnrg, e. Dec. 19, 1864, vet.,
m.o. Sept. 30, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
Geo. W. Doll, Galesburg, e. March 38, 1865, vet.
m. o. Sept. 30,1865.
Sergeant.
Delos Thomas, Galesburg, e. Oct. 1, 18B1, died at
Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 2, 1863.
Corporals.
James J. Patch, Galesburg, e, Oct. 26, 1861.
P. Sloey, Galesburg, e. Oct. 14, 1861.
Farrier .
W. N. Brown, Galesburg. e. Oct. 17, 1861, vet., m.
e. Sept. 30, 1865.
Privates.
Allen, H. A.. Galesburg. e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet. m.
o. Sept. 30,1865, sergt.
Anderson, W.. Galesburg, e. Oct. 10, 1861, disch.
Oct. 3, 1864.
Barrett, M. A., Galesburg, e. Sept. 26, 1861, c.isch.
July 1, 1862, disability.
Dunham, W., Henderson, e. Nov. 14. 1861.
Eakins, J. C., Galesbnrg, e. Oct. 7, 1861, vet. m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865, corpl
Fletcher, A. B., Galesburg, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet.,m.
o. Sept. 30, 1865.
Freaks, P., Galesburg, e. Oct. 7, 1861, vet., m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865, corpl.
Griffith, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 21, 1861, vet. m.
o. Sept. 30, 1865. 1st sergr.
Geary, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 19, 1861.
Gray, W. W., Galesburg, e. Nov. 1, 18S1, vet., m.
o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl.
Hickey, C., Galesburg, e. Oct. 16, 1861.
Mahony, M., Galesburg. e. Oct. 16, 1861.
McPherson, C., Galesburg, e. Nov. 19, 1861, vet.,
m. o. Sept. 30, 1865.
Morrisy, J., Galesburg, e. Nov. 14, 1861.
McMakin, 8., Galesburg, e. Nov. 7, 1861, vet., m.
o. Sept. 30, 1865, sergt.
Newell, H. S., Galesburg, e. Oct. 21, 1861, vet.
Rose, J. D., Galesburg, e Oct. 12, 1861.
Rusk, David, Galesburg, e. Oct. 12, Ib61, disch.
Nov. 15, 1862, disability.
Raymond, A., Galesburg, e. Oct. 19, disch. Dec.
10, 1862, disability.
Winters, Curtis, Galesbuvg, e. Oct. 16, 1861, died
at Galesburg Feb. 25, 1862.
Recruits.
Anderson, W. F., Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865, m.o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Doll, S. H., Galesburg, e. March 22, 186t, m. o.
Sept. 30. 1865.
Dunham, W. O., Henderson, e. Dec. 20, 1863, m. o.
Sept. 30,1865.
Gormley, C. P., Galesburg, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Hogan, Geo.. Galestnirg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Hoggatt, G. W., Henderson, e. Feb. 17, 1864.
Jones, W. A., Galesburg, e. March 27, 1864, m. o.'
Sept. 30, 1865.
Leary, J.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 3. 1864, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Miller, H. C., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1665.
Mile-. E., Galesburg, e. Feb. 5, 1864, m.o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Morcn, James, Henderson, e. March 23, 1S65, died
in Illinois, Aug. 29, 1865.
Perkins, A. L., Galesburg, e. March 20, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
374
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Kaymond, B., Galesburg. e. Jan. 4, 1862.
Raymond, Bingham, Galesburg. e. Feb. 15, 1864,
died at Memphis, March 25, 1885.
Sloan, Wm.. Oalesburg, e. March 20, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Sheeley, 8. V., Galesburg, e. Feb. 4, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Sperry, Peter. Galesburg, e. Dec. 31, 1861, disch.
Sept. 7, 1862. disability
Spencer, J. A., Galeshnrg, e. Feb. 13, 1862, vet.,
m. o., Sept. 30, 1865.
Wimmer, H., Galesburg,'e. Feb. 5, 1864.
COMPANY JE.
Privates.
Ford. J. C., Truro, e. Feb. 22, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30.
1865, corpl.
King, James, Elba, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30.
1865, corpl.
Lucas, I)., Victoria, e. Jan. 20, 1855, m. o. Sept.
30,1865.
McCoy, W , Elba, e. Jan. 20, 1865, in. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Nelson, J., Victoria, e. Jan. 30, 1865, m. o Sept,
30, 1865.
Oberholtzer, John, Truro, e. Jan. 20, 1S65, m. o.
Sept. 30, 18H5.
Parrish, J. W., Lynn, e. Jan. 18, 165.
Shaffer, T. J., Victoria, e. Jan. 20,1865, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Wilson, J. K. P., Elba, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
COMPANY H.
Privates.
Hale, W. H., Knoxville. e. March 9, 1864, killed
near Memphis, March 8. 1865.
Brown, W. F., Copley, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
BurdicU, L. R.. Truro, e. Feb. 22, 1865, died at
Memphis, May 5, 1865.
Hoadley, R., Copley, Feb. 9, 1865, absent sick at
m. o. of regt.
Jones, J. N. , Copley, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Thompson, W. C., Altona, e. Feb. 17, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
COMPANY I.
McParland, Peter, Abingdon, e. Oct. 17, 18151, vet.
m. o. Sept. 30, 1805, sergt.
Swain, M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 17, 5861, vet., m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865, corpl.
COMPANY K.
Captain.
H. C. Woods, Maquon, e. Dec. 20, 1861, term ex.
Dec. 19, 1864.
Second Lieutenant.
Frederick Duckett, Maquon, e. March 23, 1865, m.
o. Sept. 30, 1865.
Corporal.
James, Lindsey. Maquon, e. Nov. 6, 1861, disch.
Dec. 5, 1862, disability.
Privates.
Achors, M. V.. Maquon, e. Nov. IS, 1861. vet., m.o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Bricker, Geo., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, 1861, vet., m o
Sept. 30, 1865.
Barton, Milton, Maquon. e. Nov. 6,1861.
Dalton, M., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, 1861. killed at Jack-
son, Tenn., Dec. 6, 1862, by a citizen.
Jones, A., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, 1861, disch. Dec.
19, 1864.
Laughlin, A., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, 1861, died at
Girard, 111., March 11, 1862.
McGhovin, C., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, 1861, died at
Pittsburg Landing, June 1, 1862.
Recruits.
Allison, E. R. Maquon, e. Jan. 6, 1862, vet., m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Benton, N., Maquon, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Dyer, J. M., Maquon, e. March 26, 1864, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
Duckett, F. Maqnon. June. 18,1862.
Dobyns, S. C.. Maquon, Feb. 11, 1862, vet., m. o.,
Sept. 30, 1865.
Huntley, W. A.. Galesburg, April 26, 1864, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
Lewallen, Wm., Maquon, March 28, 1864, absent
sick at m. o. regt.
Mitchell. J. A., Maquon, Feb. 1.-1862. vet.
Moore, V. A., Maquon, Dec. 28. 1861.
Waffle, C. H., Maquon, March 31, 1861, m.o. Sept.
30, 1865.
Page, R. F., Ontario, Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30,
1865.
Reddingbon, A. W., Ontario, Feb. 16. 1865, m. o.
Sept. 30, 1865.
COMPAXY M.
Roach, E.. Victoria, e. Jan. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept
30, 1865.
Irwin, James. Truro, e. Jan. 18, 1865.
Hall. James, Galesburg, e. Nov. 4, 1863.
McChesney. H., Galesburg, e. Nov. 4, 1863.
Piper, Allen, Victoria, e. Jan. 20, 1865.
12th CAVALRY.
COMPANY I.
Privates.
Babbitt, W. C., St. Augustine.e. Dec. 21, 1863.m. o.
May 29, 1866.
Collifon, R. J.. St. Augustine, e. Dec 21. 1863
Cox. J., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863, trans, to
V R. C.
Darnell, A., Maquon, e. Dec. 15, 1863, m. o. May
29, 1866.
Jones, W. W., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21. 1863.
Granger, J., Galesburg, e. May 8, 1862, Co. D, 12th
cav.
Terry, C. W., St. Augustine, e. May 24, 1862, Co. D,
12th cav., term ex.
Butterfield, W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, 1861, Co. G,
12th cav.
Martinson, Wm., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, 1861.
paroled prisoner war.
Cooper, L., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863.
Levens, C., Galesbnrg.
Munson, A., Galesburg, April 28, 1863,disch. May
20, 1865. disability.
Hester, G. B., Galesburg, e. Dec . 1, 1861, p-o. 2d.
lieut., Co. A, 13th cav., m. o. Dec. 31, 1864.
14th CAVALRY..
Company A of the Fourteenth Cavalry was from Knox county, and numbered
seventy-two men. They were under command of Captains Marvin S. Carr and John
S. Henderson.
/
HISTORY OF KNOX COINTY.
577
COMPANY A.
Captains.
Carr, Galesburg, e. Jan.
Marvin S
signed Feb. 10, 1864.
1863, re-
John S. Henderson, Maquon, e. Feb. 10, 1864, re-
signed June 27, 1865.
First Lieutenant.
Richard S. Stevenson. Maquon, e. July 14, 1865. m.
o. July 31, 1865.
Second Lieutenant.
Henry Seymour, Galesburg, e. July 14, 1865, m. o.
July 31, 1865.
Hospital Stewards.
Samuel A. Dow. Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862, pro.
surgeon. 17th cav,
Frederick W. Livingston. Galesburg, e. Sept. 13,
1862, m. o. July 31. 1865.
Commissary Sergeant.
Corry T. Thurnian, Maqnon, e.fept,ll3, 1862, miss-
ing in action since Aug. 31, 1864.
. Sergeants .
James B. Morgan, Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862,
disch. April 17, 1865, disability.
Wm. W. Wilson. Maquon, e. Sept. 11, 1862, disch.
July 2, 1865, disability.
Henry Seymour, Galesburg, e. Oct[15,''1862,5pro.
2d lieut.
Walter Baldwin, Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o'.
Julyl, 1865.
Corporals.
Samuel Freemale. Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m.o.
June 16, 1864. prisoner war.
Henry S. Johnson, Henderson, e. Oct. 15, 1862, m.
O. July 31. 1865.
Wm. Allen, Maquon, e, Sept. 13, 1862, disch. Dec.
28, 1864, disability.
Fred. Babcock. Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o.
July 31, 1865, 1st pergt.
N. T. Austin, Maquon, e. Sept. 11, 1862, m. o.
July 31, 1865.
Jonas Marquess, Maquon, e. Sept. 13,J1862, m.o.
Howard, F. A.. Galesburg, e. Nov. 2, 1862, died at
Jeffersonville, Ind.. April 3, 1863.
Jones, C., Maquon, e. Sept.12, '62,m.o. July 31, '<>5.
Jones, O.. Maquon, e. Nov. 7, '62, m.o. July 31, '65.
Kinses, A., Maquon, e. Sept. 22, 1862, disch. in
1864. disability.
Lewis, Peter, Knoxville, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o.
Aug. 10, 1865.
Lindsey, C. M. Knoxville, e. Oct. 15, 1862, missing
in action since Aug 13. 1864.
McHenry. J., Maquon, e. Oct. 10, 1862, discb.May
8, 1863, disability.
McCallach, Z., Maquon, eSept. 13, 1862, m.o. July
30. 1865. corpl.
McWilliams. D., Maquon, e. Sept. 11, 1862, disch.
July8. 1865. disability.
Miller, John, Galesburg. e. Sept. 13. 1862.
Nevitt, H. C., Maquon. e.Oct. 2,'62, ru.o. Aug. 3.'65.
Oleson, Swan, Knoxville, e. Oct. 15, 18H2, died in
prison, Andereonville, Ga.
Peterson, A., Maquon, e. Oct. 15, 1862, died at
Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 9, 1865.
Peterson, M., Maquon, e. Dec. 9, 1862.
Robinson. P.. Galesburg. e. Nov. 2, 1862, miesing
in action Aug. 3, 1864.
Stanton, A., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, disch. May
18, 1863. disability.
Simpkins, N., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862.
Sornberger. J., Maquon. e. Sept. 13, 1862. died at
Peoria,Ill., April 7, 1863.
Squires. A. H.. Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862.
Smith, L. A., Maquon, e. Nov. 2, 186i, m.o. July
31, 1865.
Scott, C., Maquon. e. Sept. 10. 1862.
Spring, J., Knoxville. e. Sept. 12, 1862.
VanArsdale, P., Henderson, e. Oct. 15, 1362, m.o.
July .31, 1865, Sergt.
West, C., Galesburg, e. Sept. 12, 1862, pro. Q.M.
sergt.
Wimsftt. D., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1872, m.o. July
July 31, 1865.
Teamster.
John McHenry, Maquon, e. Sept. 13,S1862,~'dlsch.
May 8, 1863, disability.
Farrier.
J. W. Slaughter. Maquon. e. Sept. 13, 1862, died in
prison in Richmond, Va.
Wagoner.
W. I. Jobes, Maquon, e. Sept. 13,1862, disch,Jnne
21, 1865, disability.
Saddler.
Milton Barton. Maqnon, e. Sept, 13, 1862, disch.
May 21, 1865, disability.
Privates.
Allen, E., Maqnon, e. Oct. 25,1862, m. o., July 31,
1865, sen>t.
Carr, G. H.. Galesburg,e. Sept. 8. 1862, disch. Jan.
8, 1864,'disability.
Curley, B., Galesburg, e. Oct. 25, 1864.
Comstock, H.. Jr., Galesburg. e. Sept. 15, 1862,
dii-ch. June 4, 1865, disability.
Capron. O. T., Galesburg, e. Sepr. 13, dich. July
2, 1865, disability.
Errick. Charles, Knoxville, e. Sept. 12, 1362, trans.
to V. R. 0.
Edward, Frank, Galesburg, e. Sept. 14, 1862, de-
tat ched at m. o. regt.
Guff, C. D., Galesburg, e. Sept. 22, 1862, m. o. July
8, 1865.
Gabriel. M., Maquon, e. Oct. 23/62, m.o. July 31, '65.
Gleason, T . W., Galesburg, e. Nov. 2, 1862, missing
in action since Nov. 25, 1864.
Waffle, Geo.. Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m.o. Aug.
11, 1865.
Walker. H. L., Galesburg, Oct. 1, 1862, pro. chief
bugler.
Recruits.
Buell, M., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, mo. July 12,'65.
Dopp, H.. Salem, e. April 3. 1865, m.o. July 31, '65,
Gabriel, W., Maqnon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m.o. July
8, 1865.
House. A., Maquon, e. Dec. 25,'63, m.o. July31,'65.
Henderson, J. R.. Maquon, e. Jan. 20, 1864, m.o.
on July 31, 1865, wounded.
Jones, G. H., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, missing in
action since Nov. 25, 1864.
Moore, J., Maquon, e. Jan. 2, '64, m.o. July 31, '65.
Malone, Thoma*, Maquon, e. Jan. 18, 1864, m.o.
July 8, 1865.
Norris. II., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m.o. July 31,
1865, corpl .
Pickrel, H., Maquon, e. Jan. 18,'64. m.o. July31.'65.
Price, Wm., Maquon, e. Jan. 25. '54.m.o. July31,'65.
Stodaell. G. W., Maquon, e. Jan. 21, 1864, killed in
Ga. July 31, 1864.
White, Thomas, Maquon. e. Dec. 20, 1863, missing
in action since Aug. 3. 1864.
Young, W. J., Abingdon,e. Feb. 20, 1864,m.o July
31, 1865.
16th CAV ALKY.
COMPANY It.
Hobbs, R. C., Altona, e. May 25, 1863, m. o. Aug.
19, 1865.
Koontze, J.H., Oneida, e. May 25, 1863, died at
Richmond, Va., March 5, 1864. pris. war.
Topper, E., Oneida, e. March 25, 1863, m. o. Aug.
19, 1865, pris. war.
COMPANY L,.
Emmerson, John. Galesburg, died in Anderson-
ville, June 12, 1864, No. grave 4,979.
378
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
COMPANY M.
Butterfleld, W. H., Galesbnrg. e. March 2,1863,
pris. war. m. o. June 16, 1865.
Fogerty, E., Galesburg.
Holland, N., Galesbnrg.
Maranda, C., Galesburg.
Finch, Oscar, Walnut Grove, e. Bat. E., Sept
25,1861.
Vanfleet, Dubois, Altona, e. in Bat. E., Sept,
25, 1861.
1st LIGHT ARTILLERY.
BATTERY E.
Atwood, A. A., Elba, e. Aug. 29, 1862, died at
Mound City, 111., Aug. 23, 1863.
BATTERY H.
Second Lieutenant.
Lewis Larson, Knoxville, e. June 12. 1865, m. o,
June 14, 1865.
Privates.
Anderson, Peter, Galesbnrg, e. Jan. 15, 1862, died
Pittsburg Landing, May 9, 186-2.
Erickson, Swen, Knoxville. e. Feb. 26, 1862, died
at Memphis, Sept. 19, 18G2.
Larson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Jan. 27, 1862, vet.,
m. o. June 4, 186.i, corporal.
Landstrom, John, Knoxville.
Mannson, Peter, Knoxville, e. Feb. 19, 1862
drowned at sea by burning of steamer Gen.
Lyon, March 31, 1865.
Nelson, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 25, 1862, vet., m. o.
June 14. 1865.
Wyman, P. S.. Galesburg, e. Feb. 26, 1862, vet..
sergt., killed in battle July 22, 1864.
Johnson, S. J., Galesburg.
BATTERY" M.
Proctor, J., Yates City, e. Jan. 1, 1852, m. o. July
24, 1865.
Lewis, J. T., Galesburg, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o.
July 29, 1865.
Mitchell, O. E.. Galesburg, e. Dec. 1, 1861, vet.,
m. o. July 29, 1865. sergt.
Harbison, J.. Henderson, e. Jan. 21, 1864, m. o.
July 29, 1865.
Morse, J. A.. Henderson, e. Jan. 2, 1864, disch.
July 22, 1864, disability.
Stevens, James, Henderson.
Morse, E. N., Henderson, e. March 31. 1864, m. o.
July 29, 1865.
Kelly, P.. Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865, m. o. June
3, 1865.
Miller, J., Galesbnrg, e. April 7, 1865.
Needham, J. C., Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865.
O'Brien, M., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865.
White, E., Galesburg, e. April 6. 1863.
Wood, T., Galesburg, April 6, 1865.
lh U. S. COL'D INFANTRY.
COMPANY F.
Bryan. Lloyd. Maquon, e. March 31, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 6, 1865.
Cruthers, H., Abingdon, e. Nov. 10, 1864, m. o.
Nov. 6, 1865.
COMPANY CJ.
Johnson, F., Ontario, e. Jan. 19, 1865, absent
sick m. o. regiment.
Smith, Geo., Ontario, e. Feb. 6, 1865.
Taylor, J., Ontario, e. Jan. 18, 1865.
Williams, J., Ontario, e. Jan. 19, 1865.
Dennis, Fletcher, Galesburg, e. April 8, 1865-.
2d LIliHT ARTILLERY.
BATTERY A.
Rodecker, W. B., Knoxville, disch. for disability.
BATTERY .
Matbiason, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 18H1, vet.,
died at Montgomery, Ala., July^W, 1865.
BATTERY' H.
Andrew Stenbeck, Galesburg, e. Dec. 31, 1861, re-
signed May 25, 1863.
Privates.
Burton. J. W., Galesbure, e. Dec. 1, 1861, vet., m.
o. July 29, 18b5, sergt.
Black, James, Henderson, e. Jan. 2. 1864, m.o.
July 29, 1865.
Coomb, J.. Galesburg, c. Jan. 1. 1801, in. o. July
29, 1862.
Davis. Geo. W., Galesburg. e. Jan. 21, 1864, m. o.
.inly 29, 1865, sergt.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Dwyer, Michael, Galesburg, e. Jan. 1, 1864, in Co.
G., 9th inf., m. o. July 9, 1865.
Henderson, James, Wataga, e. Aug. 1, 1861, in Co.
K., 12th inf.
Hite, John C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 27, '64, in Co. B.,
20th inf., m. o July 16, 1865.
Dew, Geo., Galesburg e. June 20, 1861, in Co. F.,
20th, inf., disch. Dec. 9, 1861, di-ability.
Woodward, H B., Galesburg, P. Jan. 15, 1862, in
C<-. A., 22d inf., disch. June 27, 1862,dicability.
Martin, C., Galesburg, corpl., e. March 18, 1864,
in Co. C., 23d inf., w'd, in hospl.Jat m. o.
Lyons, Daniel, Galesburg, e. March 20, 1862, in Co.
C., 23d inf.
Mann, A. H., Knoxville, surgeon, e. Jan. 1, 1864,
in Co. I., 2ttth inf., m. o. July 20, 1865.
Null, Geo. W., Yates City, e. Alls?. 12, 1861, in Co.
E., 27th inf., vet., killed at Resaca, Ga., May
14, 1864.
Massie, A. L., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1864, in Co.
B., 29th inf., m. o. Nov. 6, 1865.
Orcutt, A. H., Galesbnrg, e. Aug. 17, 1861, in Co.
G., 29th inf., vet.
Nichols, Orson, Galesburg, e. in Co. K., 31st inf.,
trans, to N. C. S.
Cawsen, G. W., Copley, e. Feb. 14, 1865, in Co. I.,
32d inf. m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Culler. Wm., Copley, e. Feb. 14, 1865. in Co. I.,
32dinf., m.o. Sej.t. 16. 1865.
Connor, Nathaniel, Maquon, o. Sept. 6, 1861, in
Co. K., 34th inf.
DeWitt, Odver, KnoxviHe, e. Sept. 6, 1861, in Co.
K., 34th inf., m. o. Oct. 18, 1864.
Gaddes, T. J., Kuoxville, e. Sept. 6, 1861, in Co.
K., 34th inf., m. o. July 12. 1865.
Wilson, J. H., Galesburg, e. July 1, 1861,in Co.C.,
44th inf.. m. o. Sept. 25, 1865.
Murray. Truman, Galesbtirg, musician, e. Sept. 1,
1861, in 48th inf.
Conger. E. D , Galesburg. 1st sergt., e. Sept. 25.
1861, in Co. G., 32d inf.
Prentis, J. B. Ga.e*burg, musician, c. Sept. 25,
1861, in Co. G. 52d inf.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 379
Green, C. M., Galesburg, e. Sept. ; 25, 1861, in Co.
G., 52d inf.
Green, A. P., Galesburg, e. Sept. 25, 1861, in Co.
G., 52d inf., vet., pro. 1st lieut.
MeDougal, M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 25, 1861. in Co.
G., 52d inf.
Firkinp, John, Galesburg, e. Dec. 16, 1861, in Co.
D., 53d inf.. vet., m.o. July 23, 1865.
Thompson, G. W., Ontario, e. Jan. 20, 1865, in Co.
E., 70th inf., sick at m. o. regt.
Hartford, Geo., Abingdon, e. June 18, 1862, in Co.
C.,84th inf., corpl. died at Nashville, Jan. 15,
1863.
Bond, E. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1802, in Co. K.,
84tb inf., m.o. June 8, 1865.
Smith, Harvey S., Galesburg, lieut. col., e. Sept. 9,
Thomas. Thomas, Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, in Co.
C, 124th inf., died at Qnincy. June 11, 1864.
Halse, H. W., Oneida, e. Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. D,
124th inf., m.o. Aug. 15, 1805, serge.
Aikeu. D. B., Oneida, e. Aug. 6, 1862, in Co. D,
124th inf., m.o. Aug. 15. 1865.
Hogabanm, R. A., Oneida, e. Aug. 12, 1862, in Co.
D, 124th inf., disch. for pro. Jan , 1864.
Kenyon, Geo. (J., Knoxvil/e, e. July26, 1865, capt.
Co. B, 130th inf.. m.o. Aug. 15. 1865.
McMallen, E. J., Galesburg, e. May 3, 1864, in Co.
G, 140th inf., m.o. Oct. 29, 1864, sergt.
Williams, W. D., Galesburg, e. Sept. 24, 1864, died
at Alton, Feb. 8, 1865.
Plummer, J. N., Kuoxville, e. Feb. 1, 1865, in Co.
G, 150th inf., m.o. Jan. 16, 1866.
'62, in 91st inf., resigned Oct. 20, '6,4, since died. 'Law, D. W., Maquon, e. Feb. 6, '65, in Co. A, 151st
Phillips, Edgar L., Knoxville. surgeon, e. Nov. 18.) inf., m.o. Jan. 24, 1866.
1862, in 91st inf., resigned Sept. 14, 1863. Low. S., Maquon, e. Feb. 13,1865, in Co. A, 151st
VanUilder, E., Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. inf., m.o. Jan. 24, 1866.
H., 93d inf., died Dec. 13, '64 of wounds, sersrt. Lidrick, M. R., Abingdon.
VanGilder, M. C., Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in hawser, J. C., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865, inU. S.
Co. H., 93d inf.. died May 15, 1863. vet. vol.
VanGilder, W. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Callhonr, J., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865, U.S.
Co. H, 93d inf., m.o. June 23, 1863, corpl. vet. vol.
Walters, Albert, Oneida, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. Penkenpaugh, L. E.,Hendesron, e. in Co. E, 5 cav.
H, 93d inf., died at Memphis, e. March 23, 186 {.(Moore, Levi, Henderson, e. Keb. 13, 1861, in Co.F.,
Candee, M. G., Galesburg. Aug. 11, 18(5-2, in Co. F,
114th inf., detached at m.o. of reg'r.
Hill, J. R,, Yatas City. e. Sept, 14, 1862, in Co. F,
116th inf., m.o. Juue 7, 1865.
Parkins. J. D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 17. 1863, in Co.
F., 119th inf , detached at m.o. of reg't.
6 cav., m.o. Oct. 27,1865.
Warren, H., Ontario, e. Jan. 18, 1865, in Co. I.. 6th
cav., m. o. Nov. 5, 1865.
Freeman, Fred E., e. in 106th N. Y. inf., hospl.
steward, m. o. July 3, 1865.
THE 4th KEGIMENT, L N. G.
The 4th Eegiment Illinois National Guards was first organized at
Peoria, February 2, 1876. Capt. John Huff, commanding the
National Blues, was elected Colonel; Capt. W. Whiting, command
ing the Altona Rifle Company, was elected Lieut.-Colonel, and
Capt. A. T. Johnson elected Major. The Adjutant-General noti-
fied Lieut.-Colonel Whiting that he was in full command of the
regiment, owing to the refusal of the Legislature to confirm Col.
Huff. During the same winter the State Legislature passed a very
imperfect code, to organize and govern the militia of the State. The
new code went in force July 1, 1877. As commanding officer of the
regiment, Col. Whiting ordered an election at Galva, on the 29th
day of June, for the purpose of electing a Colonel to command until
February 2, 1878, as that was the time agreed upon to hold the first
election. There was some question about the time designated for the
election, some commands claiming February 2, others February 12,
and others February 22. On February 1, Gen. Jasper N. Reese,
commanding this Brigade, whose duty it was under the new code to
order elections, issued special order No. 3, ordering an election to be
held at Altona, February 12. The order was promulgated by Col.
Whiting. On the 7th he received a telegram from Gen. Reese,
revoking order No. 3, without any explanation. On the 12th there
was a meeting of the field and line officers at Oneida. Col. Whit-
ing, with .the expectation of receiving a reprimand for something
380 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
he had or had not done, was called into an adjoining room, when he
was notified why order No. 3 was revoked, and handed a petition,
signed bj the field and line officers, with the information that they
would not submit to an election, arid insisted that he was duly elected
for five years under the new code; Col. Whiting refused to com-
ply with the request, and issued an order calling the field and line
officers to meet at Kewanee for consultation. At said meeting it was
moved and carried unanimously that there should be an election or-
dered for the purpose of electing a Lieut. -Colonel and Major, but no
election for Colonel. Col. Whiting requested Gen. Reese to issue an
order to elect a Colonel, Lieut.-Colonel and Major, or accept his
resignation. March 22 he received Gen. Reese's order No. 7, order-
ing an election at Galva April 4. at which time Gen. Reese was pres-
ent. Col. Whiting received the entire vote for Colonel, Major Wm.
Jackson was elected Lieut.-Colonel, and Capt. O. L. Higgins, Major.
The forepart of July, 1877, it was thought best to re-district the State
under the new law. Peoria, with three companies, was detached from
the 4th, and with several companies in that district formed the 7th
Regiment. Two companies from Moline were detached from the 8th
and assigned to the 4th, and a company was formed at Princeton and
assigned to the 4th. Another company formed at Moline and one at
Rock Island when the companies were detached from the 4th, and the
four companies at Rock Island and Moline were formed into the 4th
Battery. Owing to the re-organization it became necessary for the
members of the 4th Regiment to re-enlist; but it being in the busy
season, it was not deemed necessary to muster the men in until cooler
weather. On the 23d of July, when the great " strike" assumed such
formidable proportions that it hung like a pall over the commerce and
manufactories of the country, threatening not only to block the wheels
of the nation's industries, but the life of the nation itself, the com-
panies were all notified to hold themselves in readiness for marching
orders at any moment. History furnishes few instances where men
responded with such alacrity. Twenty minutes after Capt. C. A.
Smith, commanding Co. C at Altona, had received his orders, he had
twenty men in uniform at the armory; and where a few moments
before all was quiet, and no thought of trouble, now could be seen and
heard the tramp of the military and the commands of officers. In
lour hours all the companies of the 4th Regiment reported their men
ready for duty. On Friday, July 27, Col. Whiting received orders
from Gen. E. N. Bates, then in command of the 2d Brigade, to which
the 4th Regiment belonged, to take any train and proceed to Alton
Junction as fast as possible. Col. Whiting received the order at 5
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 381
P. M., and promulgated it, and at 12 P. M. the same night Cos. A, C
and H were at Galva. Soon after midnight Co. G., of Toulon, came
to Galva in wagons; a train from the east soon brought Co. F, from
Kewanee. At 8 A. M. they took the cars for Peoria, by the P. & R.
I. R. R. At Wyoming Co. I joined them, and they all continued
their journey toward East St. Louis, arriving there early on Sunday
morning. iThey went immediately on duty, and continued so until
Tuesday morning, when they were ordered to proceed to Galesburg.
This being the point of intersection of four of the branch lines of the
C., B. & Q., and the residence of a large number of the striking em-
ployes of the company, it was feared serious trouble might ensue; and
the fears were founded upon the fact that the strikers congregated
about the depots, held consultations, and, by persuasion or intimida-
tion, prevented the running of nearly all the trains over the road. But
by the prompt though considerate action of the authorities, and the
good sense of the more intelligent strikers, who cautioned moderation
and no violence to property or person, the trouble ended peaceably on
the first day of August, after six days' duration, without the destruc-
tion of life or property or the shedding of blood. The Regiment ar-
rived at Galesburg soon after dark, hungry, dirty and tired, and
remained there until Wednesday evening, when all the companies
except C and F were sent home; they remained until Saturday after-
noon. In justice to the field, staff and line officers, and especially to
the private soldiers, upon whom the brunt of the labor rested, it is
but proper to say that their ready and willing response to the order,
calling them from their work in the shops, business-places, fields and
homes, will ever be remembered as a proud record. There was no
duty required of them that they were not ready and willing to perform
at any moment.
The organization of the militia is for the purpose of assisting the
civil authorities to enforce law and obedience, when called upon. The
citizens of the great State of Illinois need have little tear that that
duty will be well performed, when necessity requires it, by the men
who have shown such willingness to discharge it in the past.
Below are the names of the members of this organization who
reside in this county. The headquarters of the Regiment are at
Aitona.
BAND.
The 4th Regiment Band was organized in the fall of 1865, and has
kept up a continuous organization ever since. Previous to the sum-
mer of 18TT it was known as the Oneida Cornet Band, At that time
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
it became the regimental band for the 4th Regiment, I. N. Gr. The
band is the oldest organization of the kind in the county. The fol-
lowing are its memhers: C. S. Matteson, Leader, 1st E flat cornet;
M. J. Ladd, 2d E flat cornet; A. W. Ladd, 1st B flat cornet; Arthur
Stunner, 2d B flat cornet; Harry Swafford, solo alto; F. 0. Bristol, 1st
alto; E. Nelson, 2dalto; Fremont Cawkins, 1st tenor; Leroy Cawkins,
2d tenor; W. Jelliff, barytone; John Howland, 1st bass; W- W. Ladd,
basso; Willis Swafford, snare drum; Henry Howland, bass drum.
REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.
Col. Wm. Whiting, Altona, Knox county, 111.
Lieut-Colonel Win. Jackson, Elmira, Stark county, 111.
Major O. L. Higgins, Oneida, Knox county, 111.
Major James F. Todd, Surgeon, Galva, Henry county.
Capt. Walter T. Hall, Assistant Surgeon, Toulon, Stark county.
Capt. G. Wiley Martin, Chaplain, Prairie City, McDonough county.
Lieut. Wm. O. Whiting, Adjutant, Altona, Knox county.
Lieut. Theodore A. Wetmore, Quartermaster, Oneida, Knox county.
Onslow P. Shellenbarger, Sergeant-Major, Toulon, Stark county.
Benjamin Whitcher, Quartermaster Sergeant, Wyoming, Stark county.
Robert D. Murray, Commissary Sergeant, Princeton, Beaver county.
Dr. Barnard S. Pick, Hospital Steward, Galva, Henry county.
D. W. Wooley, Color Sergeant, Altona, Knox county.
Frank W. Ward, Ordinance Sergeant, Kewanee, Henry county.
George W. Williams, Drum-Major, Galesburg, Knox county.
Chas. S. Matterson, Principal Musician, Oneida, Knox county.
Arthur W. Ladd, Principal Musician, Oneida, Knox county.
DRUM CORPS,
This drum corps, consisting of twenty-one boys ranging in ages from 7 to 15, ws
organized at Galesburg on the 25th of May, 1878, by Geo. W. Williams, Drum Major
of this regiment. This is the third regiment of which Drum Major Williams has
filled the position of Drum Major. He tendered this corps to Col. Whiting, who
accepted May 28.
Geo. W. Willianis, Major and President.
W. W. Williams, Secretary. Frank Smith, Treasurer.
Drummers.
Walter W. Williams,
Horace Willsie,
Frank Smith,
Lyman Burk,
Leon Charvat,
Frank Culler,
Chas. Burton,
Gust Hoffheimer,
Burt Ekins,
Harry Parker,
Frank Charvat,
Mart. O'Connor,
Samuel R. Mead,
Howard Fuller,
Geo. W.Williams, Jr.,
William Dunsworth,
Clarence Smith,
Warren Marshall,
Eddie Hoyle,
Fred. H. Calson,
Chas. Fitch.
COMPANY A. (Stationed at Oneida.)
Line Officers.
Capt. Frank Murdoch, 1st Lieut. J. W. Howland, 2d Lieut. George R. Moore.
Non-Commissioned Officers.
1st Sergt. Win. Black, 2d Sergt. Albert B. Risden, 8d Sergt. Frank B. Moore,
4th Sergt. Howard Moore, 5th Sergt. (vacant),
1st Corp. Elisha Kenney, 2d Corp. W. S. Dunn. 2cl Corp. Adelbert Mosher,
4th Corp. J. L. Armstrong, 5tli Corp. Tyler Thorn, 6ih Corp. D. McSkimmiug,
7th Corp. Frank Jelliff, 8th Corp. Frederick West.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
383
H. B. Allen,
Ed. Butler,
George Brainarcl,
Jacob Creston,
Cha j . L. Dingman,
Ralph Garrison,
L. C. Mitchell,
Chas. A. Moore,
N. A. Olson,
Orrin E. Powell,
Andrew Simpson,
Privates.
Ephraim Bigham,
Wm. E. Butler,
Frank Codding,
Gardner G. Cherrington,
John Ferril,
C. F. Kenney,
Thos. H. Mead,
Edwin Moore,
Andrew Olson,
John M. Ray,
Walter H. Vance.
Henry P. Brancher,
Robert 8. Bell,
Albert Coyle,
Chauncy Decker,
Nelson Fink,
J. A. Liggett,
"Watson J. Martin,
W. Olson,
P. Sterling Olson,
Lorenzo T. Rogers,
COMPANY B. (College City Guards.)
This company is located at Galesburg, and was organized in Sept. 24, 1878.
Line Officers.
Capt. E. F. Pkelps, 1st Lieut. C. T. Wells, 2d Lieut. Fred. L. Brooks.
Non-Gommissioned Officers.
1st Sergt. Frank D. Bellows, 2d Sergt. Ed. R. Drake, 3d Sergt. James E. Hamblin,
4th Sergt. Daniel S. Hecker, 5th Sergt. Fred. H. Holmes.
1st Corp. Geo. W. Manning, 2d Corp. Lucius J. Phelps, 3d Corp. John A. Nelson,
4th Corp. Chas. P. Waste, 5th Corp. W. B. Barnes, Gth Corp. Geo. P. Worrell,
7th Corp. Frank W. Stilson, 8th Corp. Frank T. Thulin.
Musician.
Gustave Werner.
Win. C. Alden,
E. P. Chandler, Jr.,
Wm. H. Gillette,
R. Jackson,
Chas. J. Munson,
E. W. Moulton.
J. M. Porter,
J. E. Rodin,
Wm. W. Tompkins,
Privates.
Wm. W. Brown,
O. T. Duvon,
W. A. Heizer,
James B. Kingan,
Frank H. McMillen,
W. J. Melins,
R. W. Peterson,
J. C. Reese,
W. S. Wood,
G. Wahlgreen.
E. H. Gushing,
H. E. Ewing,
John B. Johnson,
Alfred Laird,
Chas. W. Munson,
J. C. Olson,
Geo. W. Prince,
J. E. Snow,
E. H. Welch,
Walter N. Boyer.
COMPANY C. (Stationed at Altona.)
Capt. Chas. A. Smith,
1st Sergt. L. S. Whitcomb,
4th Sergt. Harvey Austin,
1st Corp. Ed. Tengblade,
4th Corp. John Beckman,
7th Corp. And. Bergland,
Chas. Arvidson,
John P. Bowman,
Joseph B. Copley,
Leander Collinson,
John M. Ferguson,
22
Line Officers.
1st Lieut. James T. Starr, 2d Lieut. George B. Hall.
Non-Commissioned Officers.
2nd Sergt T. J. Golliher, 3d Sergt, Cornelius Wayman,
5th Sergt. Wm. Krantz.
2d Corp. F. A. Whiting, 3d Corp. .
5th Corp. Frank W. Bartle, Gth Corp. Henry Mortimer,
8th Corp. Curtis C. Capps.
Musician.
Edward S. Thomas.
Privates.
Clarence M. Allis, Samuel M. Bowman,
Alfred Beckman, Jas. M. Burneson,
Dewitt C. Copley, Frank G. Carlson,
Chester J. Chase, Albert E. Ericson,
Mart. Ferguson, Wm. G. Ferkins,
334
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
James Hakenson,
John B. Johnson,
Chester F. Murray,
Wm. F. Scott,
Daniel Henderson,
Jefferson B. Keel,
Thos. McClure,
Jas. B. Thompson,
Lyons C. Hurd,
Frank S. Miller,
John Olof Risburg,
Robert Patterson.
MEMBERS OF BATTERY. (Located at Altona.)
Capt. Aaron Brown.
Section No. 1 Jack W. Farr, Gunner 6-lb. guns.
Jesse T. Eaves, No. 1, Orin B. Preston, No. 2, E. B. Smith, No. 3,
Wallace Smith, No. 4, Wm. H. Keys, No. 5, John A. Stuckey, No. 6
Lemuel H. Smith, No. 7.
Section No. 2 Wm. M. Stockdale, Gunner 6-lb guns.
Peter G. Anderson, No. 1, Harry Vanscoyk, No. 2, Samuel Pawling, No. 3,
Jacob Borkhart, No. 4, Chas. Austin, No. 5. Cornelius Wayman, No. 6,
Oscar Durant, No. 7.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 385
CHAPTER XV.
RESOURCES OF THE COUNTY.
We purpose in this chapter to give a short summary of such mat-
ters as will clearly show the business and resources of Knox county.
To the thoughtful and intelligent reader these items will be invalu-
able, and we commend them to the capitalists of the country as show-
ing truthfully the resources and standing of the county.
The face of the country is mostly rich, rolling prairie, watered by
Spoon river and Court creek, with their numerous small tributaries,
along which are extensive bodies of timber. The farmers have planted
artificial groves extensively over the prairie, which has had the effect
of ameliorating the climate, by keeping the winds of an open country
from the surface of the earth. By the energy and enterprise of the
citizens of this county it has been transformed from the native wilder-
ness into one of the most attractive portions of the State, if not of the
West. By men whom the country rely upon as authority on such
subjects, it is claimed that there is no spot on the face of the earth
capable of sustaining a denser population than the Military Tract;
and those familiar with this beautiful portion of our State know that
Knox county has no superior within its boundary. This will be
plainly shown before finishing this chapter; and that this county con-
tains as intelligent, enterprising and thrifty set of agriculturists as
probably can be found in the same breadth of territory in the United
States few will deny. Fine barns, with all the modern improvements,
comfortable dwellings, lawns, gardens, out-houses, etc., are found on
every hand.
The natural resources of the county, as above alluded to, for agri-
cultural and manufacturing purposes are excellent, which, with the
numerous railroad facilities for transportation and marketing, give to
the farmers and manufacturers of the county superior advantages.
The agricultural interests of the county are well advanced. The soil
is mostly rich prairie loam, and has great productive qualities. It is
mostly divided into farms of medium size, from 80 to 320 acres; but
very few large farms are to be found. The benefit of this is apparent
by the increased population and a better cultivation. The farms are
386 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
mostly subdivided by hedges of Osage orange into fields, and a system
of rotation in crops is generally practiced. The foolish custom of the
early settlers, of burning the straw to avoid making manure, has been
abandoned, and now the opposite is followed. It having become a
known fact that manure benefits even the best prairie soil, the farmers-
save all material that will fertilize the soil, by which system it pro-
duces better grass and field crops (except spring wheat) than formerly.
Cultivation or change of climate has rendered that crop which, when
the country was first settled, was abundant, one of great uncertainty;
so much so that the farmers sow but a limited number of acres of it
each year, merely enough to furnish flour for themselves. The staple
crops of cereals are oats and corn, which yield abundantly unless the
season is very unfavorable. The corn crop is by far the largest in
acres, and may be safely said to be the most reliable and profitable
one to the farmer.
Extent of Territory. Knox county is thirty miles in length and
twenty-four in width, haying within its boundaries twenty townships
of thirty-six square miles each, or a total of 720 square miles. In
each square mile are 640 acres, which makes a grand total of 460,800
acres of land in the county.
Improved Land. By this statement is meant such lands as may
be enclosed and value enhanced by cultivation, by the erection ot
buildings, or in the manufacture of articles of profit. It is customary,,
in the assessment of real estate, to call any tract improved that ha&
any portion under cultivation. The number of acres adapted to cul-
tivation are 419,778.
Unimproved Land. The proportion of unimproved land is small,,
being less than one-seventeenth of the entire land of the county. The
greater portion of this never will be brought under cultivation,
although much of it is of great value, being underlaid with coal,
and having in it several valuable quarries of stone. Several of the
best farms in the county, however, were once thought to be as value-
less as much of this unimproved land now seems to be, and it may be
that a considerable part of it will yet be cultivated.
Real and Personal Property. For the wealth of the county, the
statement of the amount of personal property, town lots and lands,
will give a fair idea. We learn from this that the aggregate value of
the three classes of property named is $16,340,742. But as it is not
customary to make the assessment on a full cash valuation, we must,
in order to fully show the wealth of the county, add the per cent,
deficit. The assessment shows only about sixty per cent, of the value
of property; therefore, upon this basis, which is by no means an
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 389
we find the real wealth of Knox county to be $27,234,570,
; an average of $544.60 to ever} 7 man, woman and child in the county.
!The State Board of Equalization has always made a deduction from
the assessment of property in this county, while in many counties
they have never failed to increase the assessment. The deduction
made on personal property assessment has been as follows: 1873, 27
[per cent; 1874, 34 per cent.; 1875, 32 per cent.; 1876, 28 per cent. ;
1877, 22 per cent., and 1878, 16 per cent. On lands 1873, 24
per cent.; 1874, 26 per cent.; 1875, 23 per cent.; 1876, 29 per cent.;
1877, 21 per cent.; 1878, 16 per cent.
Wheat. While wheat is decidedly preferred to all other grain,
and next to corn is the most important crop raised in the county,
jet for a few years past the yield has been light and the quality poor.
Indeed the average yield of the crop has scarcely compensated for
the outlay of seed and labor. Wheat, although not an aboriginal
grain, was introduced at an early day. Charlevoix, who went down
the Mississippi in 1721, writing from Kaskaskia, speaks of the Illi-
nois soil "as extremely proper for wheat;" and Du Pratz, who wrote
a description of the country in 1758, says: " The French post of the Illi-
nois is, of all the colony, that in which with the greatest care they
grow wheat, rye and other like grain, for the sowing of which you
need only to turn the earth in the slightest manner; that slight cul-
ture is sufficient to make the earth produce as much as we can
reasonably desire. I have been assured that in the last war, when
flour from France was scarce, Illinois sent down to New Orleans
upwards of 800,000 weight in one winter." This would be almost
4,000 barrels. Monett states, on the authority of Martin, that 600
barrels of flour were sent to New Orleans in 1746. Pittman, in
1770, mentions that " in the late war, flour and other articles were
sent down the Mississippi," and notes mills "for corn and planks" at
Ivaoquias, Saint Phillipe and Kaoquias. Gov. Reynolds, in his
41 Life and Times,'-' states that the French in 1800 " sowed spring
wheat as their common fields were occupied by the cattle all winter.
The Americans mostly raised fall wheat, and at times some spring
wheat also. It was tolerably well plowed in with the ox team." Even as
late as his day the sickle or the reap hook was the only implement
used to cut the grain. It was stacked by the Americans and put in
barns by the French. It was thrashed by horses, and winnowed with
-a sheet, which latter process the Governor pronounced the hardest
work he ever performed. J. M. Peck, in 1831, says that " wheat pro-
duces a good and sure crop, especially in Morgan, Sangamon and
other counties north." He mentions crops of 35 bushels to the acre-
390 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
"Few of our farmers," he concludes, "have barns or threshing floors:
the grain is put up in stacks, exposed to the weather, and trod out
with horses on the ground, with considerable loss and injury."
In Northern Illinois spring wheat was made a crop of great prom-
inence between 1840 and 1860. Since 1860, however, it has generally
declined, and is regarded as an uncertain and not very profitable crop;
while the drill, which was introduced about 1850, has not overcome
the disadvantages of a colder climate and more open soil for winter
wheat. In the early settlement of the county abundant crops of
wheat were raised, and of a superior quality, winter wheat being
principally sown. Of late years spring wheat has very generally
taken its place, the cause being that winter wheat has nearly always
been killed by the severe cold of our winters. In 1850 there were
raised in this co'unty 201,4:81 bushels; in 1860, 442,127 bushels, and
in 1870, 275,418 bushels. In 1877 there were sown 730 acres of
winter wheat, which yielded 12,030 bushels. The same year 5,196
acres of spring wheat were sown, producing 59,715 bushels. The
largest number of bushels of winter wheat were raised in Orange
township, being 3,697 bushels. The yield was the largest per acre,
in Maquon township, being a fraction over 20 bushels. This town-
ship also yielded the largest number of bushels of spring wheat; from
611 acres 6,611 bushels were raised, Lynn township raising the most
per acre. From 216 acres in that township 3,226 bushels were raised r
about 15 bushels to 7 the acre.
There were sown this year 6,924 acres of wheat, being 1,000 acres*
more than for 1877.
Corn. Among the products of Knox county, as well as generally
in the United States, corn takes the precedence as being the most
popular and peculiarly adapted to the soil. The origin of Indian corn
has been a source of much controversy; and although there has been
much written on the Eastern origin of it, yet it is certain it did not
grow in that part of Asia watered by the Indus at the time of Alex-
ander the Great's expedition, as it is not among the productions of
that country mentioned by Nearchus, the commander of the fleet.
Neither is it noticed by Arrian, Diodorus, Columella, or any other
ancient author. And even as late as 1491, the year before Columbus-
discovered America, Joan di Cuba, in his " Ortus Sanitatis," makes
no mention of it. It has never been found in any ancient tumulus,
sarcophagus or pyramid, nor has it ever been represented in any
ancient painting, sculpture, or work of art, except in America. But
in this country, according to Garalaso de la Vega, one of the earliest
Peruvian historians, the palace gardens of the Incas were ornamented
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 391
with maize in gold and silver, with all the grains, spikes, stalks, and
leaves; and in one instance, in the " Garden of Gold and Silver,"
there was an entire corn-field of considerable size, representing
the maize in its exact and natural shape, a proof no less of the wealth
of the Incas than of their veneration for this important grain. In
further proof of the American origin of this plant, it may be stated
that it is still found growing in a wild state, from the Rocky Moun-
tains in North America to the humid forests of Paraguay, where,
instead of each grain being naked, as is always the case after long
cultivation, it is completely covered with glumes or husks. It is
moreover a well authenticated fact that maize was found in a state of
cultivation by the aborigines on the Island of Cuba at the time of the
discovery by Columbus, as well as in most other places in America
first explored by the Europeans.
The first successful attempt of the English in North America to
cultivate this grain was made on James river, in Virginia, in 1608.
The colonists sent over by the " London Company " adopted the mode
then practiced by the Indians, which with some modifications has been
pursued ever since.
There were in cultivation in this county, during the year 1877,
155,060 acres of this grain, yielding 4,894,359 bushels, an average
of 32 bushels per acre, which, as the season was unfavorable through-
out the Northwest, should be satisfactory to the farmers of Knox.
Indeed it was the largest crop of corn ever raised in the county, as
comparison with former years clearly shows, and the aggregate number
of bushels was greater than ever produced by any county in the State
of. Illinois as shown by the census returns. In 1850 the crop
amounted to 1,570,361 bushels; in 1860, 3,155,470 bushels; in 1870,
2,708,319 bushels; and in 1877, 4,894,359 bushels. Ontario town-
ship led the van, both in number of acres and yield: there were 10,-
861 acres, yielding 570,500 bushels, an average of 53 bushels to the
acre. There were planted during the past year 171,418 acres of corn,
being over two-fifths of all the land under cultivation in the county ; and
as the yield will be much larger this year than last, it is safe to make an
estimate upon the basis of 40 bushels to theacre. This will give an aggre-
gate yield of 6,856,720 bushels; but as the corn crop is applied to so
great a variety of purposes, and is such an indispensable article for farm
consumption however abundantly it may be produced, the country's
increasing demand will press heavily upon the supply. Yery many
of the farmers do not pretend to sell a bushel any season, because they
find it more profitable to feed it to stock than to sell it in its bulky
392 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
condition. The general market price varies from 25c to 40c per
bushel.
Oats. When considered in connection with the artificial grasses*
and the nourishment it affords to stock, especially the horse, this
grain may be considered as one of the most important crops produced.
Its yield is generally abundant and profitable. In 1877 there were
27,326 acres sown, yielding 926,370 bushels, an average of 34 bushels
to the acre. For 1878 there were 26,955 acres devoted to this grain,
but the yield is much heavier than for the former year. It will not
fall short of 45 bushels to the acre, which will make the aggregate
yield 1,212,975 bushels. The general market price varies from 20c to
40c per bushel.
Meadow. The hay crop is becoming one of great importance,
the vast prairies of Knox county affording an abundant yield, which
with the little labor required to raise it, and the generally fair market
price, makes it a very profitable article of culture. Besides, it en-
ables the farmer to rest his land. Clover and timothy are the chief
crops grown for hay, but the former in this latitude is liable to be
killed by freezing in the winter. When used for pasture land both
give way to blue grass, which seems to be as natural here as in Ken-
tucky, and grows equally luxuriant. The sod which this grass makes
when broken up, produces large corn crops. The market price of this
staple article varies from $5 to $12 per ton. The season of 1877 there
were assigned to the cultivation of grass in this county 42,967 acres,
producing 62,483 tons of hay, an average of almost 1|- tons per
acre. This season 44,307 acres were allotted to grass.
OTHER PRODUCTS. Under this head are included rye, barley, buck-
wheat, potatoes, and such other articles as are commonly cultivated
in small quantities. Alloted to the use of these products for the year
1877 were 14,256 acres; for 1878, 18,408 acres.
Rye and Barley. These grains are generally a sure crop, and the
yield heavy; but there being no home demand, and the general market
price so low, other grains are more profitable: consequently but a
small portion of the land is allotted to their culture.
Buckwheat. This gram is but little cultivated in this county,
in fact not enough to supply home consumption, the farmers claim-
ing it to be unprofitable. In 1877, 392 acres were raised, yielding
5,529 bushels.
Broom-Corn. This is another product that receives but little at-
tention from the farmers of Knox county. In 1877 there were culti-
vated 1,302 acres, yielding 365,316 pounds. Of this amount 600 acres
were grown in Galesburg township.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 393
Potatoes. The common Irish potato, so extensively cultivated in
most of the temperate climates of the globe because of its value as an
item of daily food, is regarded of but little less importance than corn
or wheat. In this county the yield is generally heavy. The Color-
ado bug, which for several years was so destructive of the potato,
killing the vine before the potato matured, for the past few years has
not made its appearance to any considerable extent. It is hoped that
the days of this enemy of the potato are past. The general market
value is extremely fluctuating, ranging all the way from 15c to $2
per bushel. In 1877 there were 1,410 acres planted in potatoes, yiejd-
ing 120,397 bushels. In the city of Galesburg 254 acres yielded
68,580 bushels, an average of 270 bushels to the acre. The aggregate
number of acres is larger this year, as also the yield.
Pasture. The number of acres of pasturage at present in this
county is 134,508. This is used for pasturing cattle, almost every
farmer having a few acres enclosed for that purpose. Some of the
land is woodland, and can be used for no other purpose; but being
well watered and good for grazing, it is valuable.
Miscellaneous Products. In 1877 there were 36 acres of beans
grown, yielding 1,421 bushels. Two acres of peas, producing 135
bushels, was ? a portion of the products the same year, as also 50 acres
of sweet potatoes, yielding 3,244 bushels. Of sugar cane there were
126 acres, from which was made 10,993 gallons of syrup. From the
34 acres of grapes raised but 142 gallons of wine were manufactured.
There were devoted to turnips and other root crops 247 acres, yielding
10,960 bushels. There were but 695 pounds of tobacco cultivated.
The seed crop amounted to 3.471 bushels, mostly timothy.
Wood Land. As before mentioned Knox county is largely prairie
land, although there are many streams and large creeks running
through it which are bordered by timber. The timber, however,
does not extend a great distance, the wood land being only 34,003
acres. The timber land is principally in the central and south-
ern townships. The principal varieties are white, red and black oak,
hickory, elm, cherry, maple, white and black walnut, birch, etc. This
land is not considered as valuable now as it was in the earlier history
of the county, when it was deemed essential by every farmer that he
should have the greater part of his farm in timber^ that he might
have sufficient for building purposes, fencing and fuel. The question
of supply and demand puzzled the pioneers greatly, but it has been
effectually solved by the introduction of the railroad.
Domestic Animals. The first animals brought to America
from Europe were imported by Columbus, in his second voyage, in
394 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
1493. He left Spain as Admiral of seventeen ships, bringing a collec-
tion of European trees, plants and seeds of various kinds, a number
of horses, a bull, and several cows.
The first horses brought into an} 7 part of the territory at present
embraced in the United States were landed in Florida by Cabeca de
Vaca in 1527, 42 in number, all of which perished or were other-
wise killed. The next importation was also brought to Florida, by
De Soto, in 1539, which consisted of a large number of horses and
swine, among which were 13 sows, the progeny of the latter soon in-
cre^sing to several hundred.
The Portuguese took cattle and swine to Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia in the year 1553. Thirty years after, they had multiplied so
abundantly that Sir Richard Gilbert attempted to land there to obtain
supplies of cattle and hogs for his crew, but was wrecked. In 1609
three ships from England landed at Jamestown, Va., with many im-
migrants, and the following domestic animals: 6 mares, 1 horse, 600
swine, 500 domestic fowls, and a few sheep and goats. Other animals
had been previously introduced there. In 1611 Sir Thomas Gates
brought over to the same settlement 100 cows, besides other cattle.
In 1610 an edict was issued in Yirginia prohibiting the killing of
domestic animals of any kind, on penalty of death to the principal,
burning the hand and loss of the ears to the accessory, and twenty-four
hours' whipping to the concealer. As early as the year 1617 the swine
had multiplied so rapidly in the colony that the people were obliged
to palisade Jamestown to prevent being over-run with them. In 1627
the Indians near the settlement fed upon hogs which had become wild,
instead of upon game. As early as 1750 the French of Illinois were
in possession of a considerable number of horses, cattle and swine.
[For the kinds of stock raised in the county, see chapter on Blooded
Stock.]
Horses. Horses stand first in aggregate value among the live stock
of Knox county. As early as 1800 Gov. Reynolds says large stocks
of them were grown by the inhabitants in Illinois. He adds that the
horses were of the Arabian strain. Col. Wm. Whiteside, in the year
1797, introduced into the territory a fine blooded horse of the Jpnus
stock. It is supposed, by the best judges of horses, that a better horse
has never since stood in Illinois. Ford, in speaking of the horses of
Illinois, says: "A French pony was a proverb for strength and en-
durance. These ponies were made to draw sometimes one alone,
sometimes two together, one hitched before the other, to the plow, or
to carts made entirely of wood, the bodies of which held about double
the contents of a common, large wheelbarrow. Nothing like reins
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 395
were ever used in driving: the whip of the driver, with a handle about
two feet and a lash about two yards long, stopped or guided the horse
as effectually as the strongest rein." Peck, as late as 1831, says that
" wild horses are found ranging the prairies and^forests in some parts
of the State. They are caught in pens, or with ropes having nooses
attached to them."
About 1850 the Morgan horse, under its own and various other cog-
nomens, began to be introduced, and about twenty } 7 ears ago was all
the rage. Some twelve years ago the Norman or Percheron horses
began to appear, and have during the last few years absorbed more
attention than any other race of horses. The Clydesdale horse was
introduced in 1857.
During the year 1878, there was 16,409 horses in this county, with
an average value of $38.75. Last year Knox county was excelled, in
point of number, by only three other counties in Illinois.
Cattle. Even, more than horses, cattle have been a favorite product
of Knox county. Some of the most enterprising farmers have turned
their entire attention to stock-raising. The buffaloes that roamed the
native prairies of Illinois were called "wild cattle" by the Jesuits,
and they suggested herds of tamer animals. Charlevoix, in speaking
of Illinois in 1721, says: "Cattle and sheep would multiply wonderfully
here. Even the wild buffaloes might be tamed, and great advantages
drawn from a trade of their wool and hides, and from their supplying
the inhabitants with food." Pittman, in 1770, says: ; ' The captain
of militia at St. Phillippe has about 20 slaves and a good stock of cat-
tle." Reynolds states that in 1800 cattle were abundant, and that
the plowing was generally done by oxen " tied to the plow by a
straight yoke, which was tied to the horns of the oxen by straps of
untanned leather." The horned cattle, he says, came from Canada,
and " were a hardy race, not large, but of neat formation, with gen-
erally black horns. They stood the winter better, without grain, than
the American cattle, gave less milk in summer, and kicked more all
the time."
Knox county ranks among) the first counties in the Northwest in
quality of cattle raised. We refer the reader to chapter on "Blooded
Stock" for a full exposition of this stock. There are at present in
this county 34,060 cattle, valued at $471,870. There were 11,262 fat
cattle sold during the year 1877. The average weight was 1,135
pounds. Rio led in point of number; from that township alone 949
were sold, the average weight being 1,200 pounds. The highest aver-
age weight was from Knox: 584 were sold, averaging 1,350 pounds.
396 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
That Knox county is fast becoming a dairy is evident from the fol-
lowing carefully compiled statistics, which, although large, do riot fully
show the extent of her interests in this respect, as there was no doubt
much butter and milk sold in a small way which was not given in.
There were 10,102 rnilch cows kept in the county, Henderson having
the largest number 639. From these, besides the large quantities of
milk sold and cheese made, there were 416,151 pounds of butter mar-
keted, Galesburg township alone furnishing 102,680 pounds of this,
which was four times the amount sold from any other township.
There were 94,682 pounds of cheese sold, the greater portion being
manufactured in Ontario, which is fast becoming the cheese center of
this part of the State, that township selling 66,756 pounds.
The quantity of milk sold represents only what was sold for domes-
tic use, which was principally in Galesburg. Out of the 53,623 gal-
lons sold in the county, 48,025 were in that township.
Mules and Asses. Notwithstanding these animals will do more
with the same amount of care, they do not appear to be a favorite with
the farming community, there being only 856 head, or one-twentieth
as many as there are horses. The mule is less enduring of cold and
wet than the horse, and the unstableness of our climate has driven
them mostly into the southern part of the State. The breeding of
this stock was begun at a comparatively late day. Reynolds states
that the monks of La Trappe, on Monk's Mound, Madison county,
kept a jack in 1808.
Sheep. There has been a remarkable decrease in the number of
sheep raised in Knox county during the past few years, caused by the
low price of wool in the general markets. During the war wool-grow-
ing was a most profitable business and largely engaged in by the
farmers; but the demand for woolen goods hasjlecreased greatly, and
the price realized is so small that other business is now much more
profitable. There are now in the county but 8, 127 head of sheep, with
an average value of $1.96 each. In 1854 there were 9,571 head, but
were worth but a fraction over $1 each. Even as early as 1840 there
were 6,907 head of sheep in this county, and in those primitive days
it must be remembered that wolves roamed at will, and it was only
with great difficulty that sheep were protected.
During the year 1877, 43,411 pounds of wool were shorn from the
sheep of this county. There were 3,730 fat sheep sold, which weighed
an average of 111 pounds. Ontario sold 'about five times as many as
any other township, the sales amounting to 1,542. There were 290 sheep
killed by dogs. These were valued at $132.65. Haw Creek lost
-12. which was the largest number lost by any one township.
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 397
The first account we have of sheep-raising in the State was in 1797.
A body of emigrants from Virginia settled in Monroe county.
Reynolds says of these that they " cultivated fall wheat for market,,
and raised sheep and made linseys for clothing." Faux, an English
farmer who visited the State in 1819, speaks very minutely of the
sheep raised at the time, which he calls " very mean ones." Evidently
mutton was not generally used as an article of food, for he further
says: " These Americans hold mutton in the utmost contempt, and
I have heard them say people who eat it belong to the family of
wolves."
Swine. This stock was first introduced in to this State by the
French, but was not extensively used, as they lived more on vegetable
diet that the Americans. Woods says of the swine in the Wabash
country in 1820: "Pigs are numerous, being easily raised; they are of
various sorts, but many of them are of a sandy color and some with
wattles, that is a piece of flesh about two inches long and a half inch
thick, growing out on their cheeks. They are of a middling size, but
from very hard keep they do not rise to much weight. It. is not un-
common for one person to have from 60 to 100 in the woods, and left
to shift for themselves, except giving them now and then a little salt.
During the summer when grass and herbs are dry, and before the
frosts begin to fall, it is almost impossible to describe how excess-
ively poor they are. Most of them run until they are two and some-
times three years old before they are killed. Some years when there
are a large quantity of acorns and hickory-nuts, they are said to get
good pork. A hog of 200 weight is called a ' fine chunk of a fellow.' '
This class of stock has received great attention from the farmers of
Knox. Notwithstanding the large number that have yearly been car-
ried off with the cholera, none seem to abandon the business. The
large yield of corn, the readiness with which the hog fattens and the
advanced market price all together afford abundant compensation to
the farmer or stock-raiser. In 1840 there were 28,854 head of hogs
in Knox county: in 14 years they had increased to 44,729, and 24
years later the number is almost double, being 73,101. But it
must be borne in mind that the table was compiled from the assess-
ment made in May, when there are a less number than at any other
season in the year, sucking pigs never being counted and nearly all
the marketable hogs shipped. The assessment will never show the true
number, for many pigs that are not assessed are sold before the next
yearly assessment. Thus we see a steady but rapid increase. In
1867, 62,723 hogs were marketed, the average weight 304 pounds,
which makes 19,067,792 pounds of pork sold from the stock Knox
398 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
county raised for one year. Henderson township took the lead in
point of number, there being 4,046 sold from that township, having
an average weight of 325 pounds. The heaviest hogs were from Lynn
the average weight of 3,037 being 345 pounds. The very large
number of 48,817 hogs and pigs died with the cholera during the
same year, the average weight being 85 pounds. Rio was the heaviest
loser, where 7,768 head, with an average weight of 108 pounds, died
from this dreaded disease; while in Ontario, the adjoining township,
but 219 died, the average weight of which, however, being 150
pounds.
Orchards. As a country grows older, the more extensive are her
orchards and abundant her fruit crop. Knox county now ranks
among the foremost fruit-growing counties in the State, in regard to
both quantity and the quality of fruit grown. In this county there
are now 5,585 acres devoted to this purpose/which if we calculate 80
trees to the acre would make a total of 446,800. This number is
divided among the diiferent kinds of fruit grown, such as apple, pear,
peach and plum.
Apples. The greater part of the orchard ground is devoted to
apples; the principal kinds grown being jenneting, winesap, rambo?
bell-flower, Ben Davis, Jonathan, Pennsylvania red-streak, red June,
and early harvest. These are now considered standard. Formerly
were grown to a considerable extent Roxbury russet, Rhode
Island greenings, Baldwin, white winter pearmain, and phoenix.
There were last year 4,462 acres of apple orchard, which yielded
47,466 bushels. Galesburg having 422 acres, f yielded only 2,706
bushels, while Chestnut, with 157 acres, raised 5,270 bushels, being
the largest yield per acre of any township, and there only 34 bushels-
This clearly shows the crop to have been light; but it was light
throughout the Northwest. The yield the present year will be large.
About 600 bushels to the acre is considered an average crop. Reckon-
ing upon this basis, the crop would be over 2,500,000 bushels; but in
many places the heavy hailstorms destroyed the crop. In the orchard
belonging to Mr. Geo. Ratekin, three miles southeast of Galesburg,
the fruit was totally destroyed. Mr. R. has 3,000 trees (perhaps the
largest apple orchard in the county), and it is evident it would have
produced 15,000 bushels had the hailstones in May last not beaten
oft' the germs.
Peaches. Pears and Plums. These are not especially adapted to
this climate, and seldom yield enough to justify their culture. The
quality- of the peach is very poor. Formerly large quantities of good
peaches were raised, but climatic changes have operated against them.
/
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 401
The pear and plum trees grow well, but the fruit is generally poor,
the pear being destroyed by blight, and the plum by the curculio.
Cherries. The principal varieties of this fruit grown are the Eng-
lish Morello, Early Richmond, and May Duke, the two former being
superior in quality to the latter, and more certain to bear. The yield
is usually large and of a superior quality.
Grapes. This fruit is becoming one of the staple products of the
county, the yield generally being very heavy, when the proper care
and attention is given. The market is good, and at prices that make
its culture profitable. The varieties mostly cultivated are the Concord,
Delaware, Hartford Prolific, Isabella, and Catawba. In 1877 there
were raised, as reported, 37,891 pounds of grapes: 11,600 pounds of
them were credited to Salem.
Small Fruit. The small fruit cultivated in this county are the
currant, gooseberry, raspberry and strawberry, all of which yield well
and are found quite profitable. The quality of each is good. It has
been only in the last'few years that any attention has been given to the
raising of small fruit; but as it is found to be profitable, doubtless ere
long it will be largely engaged in.
Carriages and Wagons. Knox county appears well supplied with
vehicles of all kinds; and as the county grows in wealth more will be
used, especially of the finer grades. There are 5,999 of such vehicles,
valued at $157,971.
Nothing can better show the wealth, importance and standing of
Knox county than a comparison of assessments with other counties of
the State. Such a comparison, which- is by no means unfavorable to
this county, will clearly set forth the resources of Knox county as in
relation to the other counties of Illinois. It is not our desire or in-
tention to make a commendable representation when not substantiated
by facts; we only propose showing wherein this county is excelled by
others, and also wherein she is a successful competitor. We give
nothing but authentic figures, such as are filed from each county with
the State Auditor, and therefore may be relied upon as bold, stubborn
facts.
We will take the assessment for 1877, which, although a small per
cent, larger than that of the present year, is the latest we have of all
counties, as reported by the State Board of Equalization. For that
year there were 426,987 acres of improved land in Knox county, val-
ued at $9,878.365. In point of nunfber of acres of this land she was
excelled only by Bureau, Henry, La Salle, Will, Iroquois, Livingston,
Sangamon, McLean, Champaign and Vermillion, all of which coun-
ties are much larger than this. In the value of such land it was sur-
402 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
passed only by Ogle, La Salle, Sangamon, McLean and St. Clair.
There were but 21,264 acres of unimproved land in the county, which
was a less number of acres than any county of half its size had, except
De Kalb, Grundy, "Will, Livingston and Douglas, and a fewer num-
ber of acres than had any county of like dimensions, save Will. The
average value of this land is higher than in any county with the
exception of Boone, Cook, Ogle, Kane, Stephenson, Grundy. Kendall
and Macon. Knox had 7,226 improved city and town lots, a larger
number than possessed by any other than Cook, Kane, La Salle,
Sangamon and McLean, all of which contain large cities; and a less
number of unimproved lots than any other county containing so large
a number of lots.
The total value of personal property, lands and lots was higher in
Cook, Ogle, La Salle, Adams, Sangamon, McLean and St. Clair than
in this county.
In comparison of stock, Knox also ranks high. But seven counties
had a larger number of horses, and of these in but two were they more
valuable. In cattle, twelve counties excel Knox in numbers. In but
five of these, however, was their cash value relatively higher. Knox
was far behind in number of mules, sixty-two counties having a greater
number, several of them four or five times as many. This animal is
used mostly in the southern counties. There were, however, accord-
ing to the report of 1877, only seven where the average value exceeds,
that of this county. As in the mule^trade, Knox county evidently
makes no pretensions to sheep-raising, twenty-nine counties having,
in 1877, a larger number. The average value, however, was exceeded
in but seven. In number of hogs, Knox stood fifth, Henry first.
La Salle, Bureau and Livingston excel. There were 68,545 hogs, as
reported 5,000 less than the present year.
Twenty-five counties had a larger number of billiard and pigeon-
hole tables, twenty-four others an equal number, this county having
twenty-nine, since nine have been added. Fourteen counties exceed
in number of wagons and carriages. There are, however, but four
counties whose people ride in finer and costlier vehicles, being ex-
ceeded only by Ogle, Cook, Calhoun and Shelby.
The citizens of Knox county are certainly lovers of music. This is
practically evident by the large number of musical instruments owned
in the county. In number of pianos only eight counties exceed, and
in average value none of them re higher. In melodeons and organs
but seven counties have a larger number, and the average value is
exceeded by none.
In material and manufactured articles thirteen counties are ahead
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
of this, and nine with more money invested in manufactures, tools and
machinery. There are but six having a larger sum invested in agri-
cultural implements. In household and office property but five have
more money invested. But five have more money invested in shares
of State and national banks. These are Cook, Winnebago, La Salle,
Morgan and San gam on.
In railroad property Knox ranks among the leading counties of the
greatest railroad State of the Union. She is excelled in amount of
persona] property of railroads, as well as the value of all railroad
property, by Cook, Kane and McLean. There are 79 miles of rail-
road in this county 71^ miles belonging to the main lines of the C. r
B. & Q., 2 miles to the P. & R. I., and 5-J- to the St. Louis division of
the C., B. & Q. In connection with the C., B. & Q. were 21 miles of
side track in the county, a larger number of miles than a single road
has in any county of the State excepting Cook, and a larger number
of miles of all roads in any county save Cook, Kane, La Salle, Peoria,
St. Clair and Will; and these have several roads passing through
them.
23
404: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CHAPTER XVI.
POLITICAL.
In the early history of Knox county the political views predominant
among the people were those promulgated by the Democratic party.
The old Whig party always fought hard and often successfully for
nominees placed upon its ticket.
During the first few years party lines were not drawn nor conven-
tions held, and no organized mode of placing candidates in the field.
The following incident illustrates the manner of running candidates,
and occurred shortly after the organization of the county. Henry D.
Bell and Peter Frans were candidates for the office of sheriff. The
contest between the two gentlemen was not based upon political dif-
ferences, but each one claimed he was a candidate before the other.
They were neighbors, and everybody was surprised to see them
running for the same office in opposition to each other. They
traveled over the county together, on an electioneering tour, basing
their claims for votes upon the argument that each was in the
field before the other. Election day came. All the voters in the
county assembled at the old log court-house inKnoxville, to cast their
ballots. Bell was victorious, having a majority of two. It took but
little time to run up the tally sheet and announce the result. All the
voters had remained to learn this, for if they should return to their
homes in various portions of the county, it might be days and* even
weeks before the result would reach them. While they yet stood
around the old building (there being about 250, which was then con-
sidered a large crowd), and after the result was announced, Peter
Frans stood in the only door of the old court edifice and made the
the following announcement: " Oh, yes! oh, yes! I now announce
myself candidate for High Sheriff of Knox county at an election to
be held two years hence, lest again it be disputed that I am not the
oldest candidate in the field." Frans had then an undisputed claim
upon the priority question for the next campaign, and accordingly at
the next election he was chosen for the office of High Sheriff.
The only person that voted for the first Free Soil candidate (Martin
Van Buren) for President at Henderson was Amos Wilmot. There
were other Free Soilers in the vicinity, but they went to Galesburg, as
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 405
at that time a person could vote any where in the county. Votes
were given vivavoce, and the judges objected to receiving Wilmot's
vote as it would make too much extra work to write a single vote.
William Riley, learning the state of affairs, urged them to accept this
vote. After much discussion his vote was taken and recorded.
1836. We have no record of a party caucus or convention being
held previous to the 'year 1836, During this year the Democratic
party held a convention at Henderson. Hon. Julius Manning deliv-
ered one of those interesting arid telling speeches which almost
he alone was capable of doing. Hon. William McMurtry was put in
nomination to represent this and Warren counties in the Legislature,
and was elected. The Whig party held no convention until some
time after this.
An incident illustrating the strong feelings held against Abolition-
ists at an early day is related by I. M. Wetmore, who came to the
county in 1836. He says the first general election he attended was at
Henderson. The candidate's name and office were announced by the
person voting, and written down by the clerk. This, of course, re-
vealed the principles of the voter. A few Abolitionists came to vote,
when they were informed that they "didn't allow the d d Whig
Abolitionists to vote there." One of the judges even arose, pulled
off his coat, shook his fist in their faces, declaring they could not vote
for such candidates in that place. The five however cast their ballots
as they desired, and were not harmed. John Denny was the first
Whig Representative elected from this county. This occurred in 1840.
The first county Anti-Slavery Society was formed late in 1838, or
in the winter of 1838-9. J. M. Holyoke writes that he very dis-
tinctly remembers 1 this meeting, which was held at Knoxville, as he
with several others went to that place for the purpose of organizing
such a society one very bitter cold, stormy day in that winter. Wil-
liam Holyoke presided at this first meeting. He afterwards was one
of the six presidential electors of this State on the first Liberty party
ticket brought out, which was in 1810, when James G. Birney ran for
President at the head of the Liberty ticket. Col. Matthew Chambers
was elected president of this society. Among those who dared to
come out boldly and make a firm and decided stand in opposition to
slavery in every form at that time were Samuel Metcalf and his son
Michael, Abel C. Thomas, who afterwards, ran for Representative,
Nehemiah West, Rev. G. W. Gale, Rev. John Waters, Rev. John J.
Miter, William Holyoke, and others, mostly from Galesburg. That
city was known far and wide as an Abolition town, in fact most of the
inhabitants at that date, especially the women, were Abolitionists,
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Bat few, however, joined the political movement known as the Lib-
erty party till after 1840, the feeling prevailing generally among
the people that the time to take the matter into politics had not yet
come. There were only 13 in Knox county who voted for James G.
Birney, candidate for President on the Liberty ticket in 1840. We
are truly glad to be able to present the names of these brave men.
The present and the future generations may never fully appreciate
the stand taken by them, for at present even it is looked upon as
the only rational and humane one possible. The 13 were the fol-
lowing: William Holyoke, Levi Spencer, Patrick Dunn, John Mc-
Mullin, Deacon Samuel Metcalf, Thomas Simmons, John G. West,
Loren 0. Conger, G. A. Marsh, George A very, Abrarn Tyler, Leonard
Chappell, and Horatio Foote. Conger was a Democratic Abolitionist.
Almost all of the Galesburg Abolitionists had been Whigs and in-
sisted on voting for " Tippecanoe and Tyler too," as the heads of the
Whig ticket were styled.
Rev. Horatio Foote, now of Quincy, was pastor of the First
Church, Galesburg, during this period. He made a stirring speech
in favor of the Liberty party movement. He was opposed by Hiram
Marsh and others, and the consequences were that all votes were polled
for Harrison, save the 13 above alluded to. From that period the
votes of the Liberty party increased until they numbered enough to
hold the balance of power, and in 1854-6 was merged into the Repub-
lican party and followed its standard to victory in 1860.
We are unable to trace the political history year by year until we
corne to 1849, or to give the returns of elections held prior to that
time. There were no county papers published previous to 1848, and
the poll-books and abstracts of the early elections were burned, leav-
ing not a vestige from which we could glean any information.
1849. In the fall of 1849 there was but little interest manifested
in the election, although the people were to choose officers for four
years' service and vote on township organization. The Knoxville
Journal, a neutral paper, was issued the day after the election, but had
not one word about the matter. The next number, however, gave the
official returns. A majority of the votes cast was given for township
organization, but the question was soon afterward raised whether the
law did not require a majority of all the voters in the county, and it
was again submitted at a subsequent election, and carried by a large
vote.
1851. In 1851 there was also very little excitement. The mutual
confidence of the pioneers was so prevalent that there was no thought
of introducing personalities into the canvass, if indeed it can be said
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 407
that there was any "canvass" at all. E. T. Byram, however, was so
popular that, after he had failed of a nomination by either of the par-
ties for the office of County Surveyor, and had nominated himself, he
received more votes than both the regular candidates together. The
Knoxville Journal, in giving the proceedings of the Democratic
county convention, mentions the name of but one candidate nomi-
nated, namely, David Edgerton for Treasurer. A Democratic con-
vention (of the senatorial district, we believe) met at Henderson and
nominated a candidate for State Senator, and the next week a similar
convention of the same party met at Cambridge and superseded the
former action by nominating another man ; and signified a preference
for Stephen A. Douglas for President of the United States.
1 852. At a Democratic convention, held April 3 of this year, at
the court-house at Knoxville, a very strong love was expressed for
Senator Douglas. It was resolved "That Senator Douglas' political
and official life is stainless and pure; that his statesmanlike and
original mind can embrace in one view all the varied interests of this
mighty nation, from the Atlantic waves to the golden shores of the
Pacific. As Chief Magistrate he would be the ruler of a free people,
commanding respect at home and abroad, and would bind this great
confederacy together with the cords of affection, fraternity and peace."
No local question of note was raised this year.
1853. The election campaign of this year gives us no incident of
which we can find any record.
1854. The Whigs and Republicans fused this year, and, with the
many Democrats who joined them, elected their entire ticket by a
large majority.
1855. In the autumn of 1855 the Republican party was under full
head\vay and excitement raised to a white heat on the slavery ques-
tion, each party nominating its own candidate for every office, no mat-
ter how small. The Republicans succeeded in electing one candi-
date, William McGowen, for Treasurer, by 327 majority. The Demo-
crats elected all the other officers.
1856. On the death of the Whig party there sprang up two parties,
neither of which could really claim to possess any of the vital princi-
ples that gave power to the old party. The American party, believ-
ing the country in danger by the influx of foreigners and the [alarm-
ing growth of the Roman Catholic power, emblazoned on their ban-
ners, "Americans must rule America;" "Put none but Americans on
guard." Republicans pleaded for "Equal rights to all;" "Free press
and free speech." The American party made very rapid growth in
many of the States, particularly in the South, while the Republican
408 HISTOKY OF KNOX COUNTY.
party only secured a foothold in the North, its principles being deemed
antagonistic to some of the peculiar institutions of the South. In 1856
we find both of these parties in this county in very considerable num-
bers, each striving for power, arid both battling against a common
enemy, the Democratic party. A partial alliance was formed between
them for the purpose of securing local offices.
In the campaign of 1856 the question of removing the county seat
to Galesburg was agitated, as also the charter of a railroad from Bath
to Rock Island. The strife between Knoxville and Galesburg com-
pelled all the citizens of the county to take sides; and one of the ques-
tions now forced upon them was whether this railroad should go
through the one place or the other.
One interesting little incident of a personal character occurred this-
fall. In order to draw votes away from George W. Enke, Republican
candidate for Sheriff, some one published in the papers that he was a
Spiritualist, which charge, however, was promptly denied for him by
a friend.
1857. In the autumn of 1857 the Democrats and Republicans had
another square fight over the'county offices, both parties being proud
of the men on their ticket. The Republicans claimed that the Demo-
crats made up their ticket by a very secret caucus, and put two
"Know-Nothings" into the field to catch the votes of that party.
David Sanborn, who had but a short time before been removed from
the Galesburg post-office, " because [as was alleged] he wouldn't help
get subscribers for the Chicago Times," was also placed in nomination
by the Democrats, without his knowledge, for Treasurer. On the
Republican ticket was John S. Winter for County Clerk, who had in
Zelotes Cooley a foeman worthy of his steel. Mr. Cooley had held the
office for four years, and was nominated for re-election. In this cam-
paign the Republicans won by an average majority of about 500.
Having spoken of Mr. Winter, we may as well in this connection
relate an incident showing the importance of preserving papers. The
Board of Supervisors met at Knoxville in January, 1856, and seeing
a lot of old documents on hand for which they could see no use, con-
cluded they would relieve the office of cumbersome material by or-
dering them burned. Accordingly they were taken, two or three
wheelbarrow loads, dumped into the street, and set on fire. Mr.
Winter, seeing the conflagration, hastened to the place and rescued
all the papers that he could. They were mostly election returns, of
which there was no other record. Hence we are unable to give in
this history the election returns previous to 1849, as they were con-
sumed in that fire. The destruction of papers, which might possibly
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 409
be valuable at some future time, is nearly always sure to be a source
of trouble, and these perplexities seem to increase with the lapse of
time. As another instance inculcating the same lesson, there was
once a case in this county where an estate worth several thousand dol-
lars was in dispute, the settlement of which depended upon an adver-
tisement in a newspaper which could not be found.
1858. The contest during this campaign has but few equals in the
interests manifested. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas,
candidates for the United States Senate, made their famous tour
through the State, holding joint discussions. On Thursday, October
7, they held a debate in Galesburg, and there were gathered to hear
these champions of the two great political parties of the nation, from
20,000 to 25,000 people. This was one of the largest, if not the
largest, number of people that ever assembled in Knox county. The
extension of slavery was almost the sole question at issue during this
campaign. The contest was national, yet upon it the local tight was
based. The Democrats evinced their love for, and confidence in, their
President by very laudatory resolutions passed at a convention held
at Knoxville, April 16. Concluding, they said, "that the President's
message on the Kansas question was one of the ablest documents ever
emanating from the Chief Magistrate of this nation; and this conven-
tion concurs in the belief that James Buchanan possesses the wisdom
of a Washington and the firmness of a Jackson, as clearly portrayed
in every line, and cannot fail to carry conviction to every honest mind
possessed of ordinary sagacity."
1859. The campaign of 1859 was a continuation of the battle be-
tween the Democrats and the Republicans on national issues only.
As it was the "off year," the candidates all good men and no person-
alities afloat, and the people generally not seeing the necessity or
appropriateness of introducing national issues into local affairs, less
than half the usual number of votes were polled. The Republican
majority ranged from 480 to 5b8. No incidents occurred worthy of
relating here. Thomas S. Vaill, of Knoxville, while absent in Chicago,
was nominated for School Commissioner, but on his return he or-
dered his name withdrawn, saying that he did not believe the office
should be sought or obtained through the process of any political
contest.
1860. We now come to the memorable campaign of 1860, one dur-
ing which there was an intense excitement throughout the country,
not equaled even by the "hard-cider" contest of 1840. The two fa-
vorite sons of Illinois were now rival candidates for the Presidency,
and such an effort was put forth by the friends of each to carry the
410 HISTOltY OF KNOX COUNTY.
State as was never witnessed before or since. Both State and county
tickets, of each of the parties, were claimed to be unexceptionable. A
vast amount of money was spent, and the final result was the Repub-
licans carried the county by large majorities. Abraham Lincoln ran
for President against three pro-slavery candidates. Excitement upon
national issues was so high as to overwhelm personal differences be-
tween candidates for local offices. It is claimed that the Republicans
of Knox county were the first to nominate Mr. Lincoln for the
Presidency.
' Hon. R. W. Miles, of this county, sat on the floor .by the side of
Abraham Lincoln in the Library room of the Capitol in Springfield,
at the secret caucus meeting held in January, 1859, when Mr. Lin-
coln's name was first spoken of in caucus as candidate for President.
When a gentlemen, in making a short speech, said, "We are going to
bring Abraham Lincoln out as a candidate for President," Mr. Lin-
coln at once arose to his feet and exclaimed, " For God's sake let me
alone! I have suffered enough! " This was soon after he had been
defeated in the Legislature for United States Senate by Stephen A.
Douglas, and only those who are intimate with that important and
unparalleled contest can appreciate the full force and meaning of
these expressive words of the martyred President. They were spon-
taneous, and prove beyond a shadow of doubt that Abraham Lincoln
did not seek the high position of President. Nor did he use any
trickery or chicanery to obtain it. But his expressed wish was not to
be complied with; our^beloved country needed a savior and a martyr,
and Fate had decreed that he should be the victim.
After Mr. Lincoln was elected President Mr. Miles sent him an
eagle's quill with which the Chief Magistrate wrote his first inaugural
address. The letter written by Mr. Miles to the President, and sent
with the quill, which was two feet in length, is such a jewel of elo-
quence and prophecy we gladly give it a place in the History of
Knox county:
PERSIFER, December 21, 1860.
HON. A LINCOLN:
Dear Sir : Please accept the eagle quill I promised you, by the hand of our
Representative, A. A. Smith. The bird from whose wing the quill was taken was shot
by John F. Dillon, in Persifer township, Knox county, Illinois, in February, 1857.
Having heard that James Buchanan was furnished with an eagle quill to write his
Inaugural with, and believing that in 1860 a Republican would be elected to take his
place, I determined to save this quill and present it to the fortunate man, whoever he
might be. Report tells us that the bird which furnished Buchanan's quill was a
captured bird, fit emblem of the man that used it; but the bird from which this
quill was taken yielded the quill only with his life' St emblem of the man who
expected to use it; for true Republicans believe that you would not think life worth
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 413
the keeping after the surrender of principle. Great difficulties surround you; traitors
to their country have threatened your life; and should you be called upon to surren- .
tier it at the post of duty, your memory will live forever in the heart of every free-
man; and that is a grander monument than can be built of brick or marble.
" For if hearts may not our memories keep,
Oblivion haste each vestige sweep,
And let our memories end."
Yours Truly, R. W. MILES.
The most noticeable thing in Knox county appears to have been
Bob Ingersoll's speech at Maquon. Said he: " Any man that will
vote for Lincoln is worse than a d d dog and should be kicked out of
the State." Also: " If you don't wish to vote for Bob [himself] you
can go to hell and be d d." He was drunk at the time. He ate at the
hotel table without using knife, fork or spoon. Contrast his Maquon
speech with the eloquence with which he nominated Mr. Elaine for
the Presidency two years ago at Cincinnati ! /
This fall is the first time we read of torch-light processions in this
county. They were made by the " Wide-Awakes " and " Ever-
Readies," or " Hickories." Many speeches were made and political
discussions held. .Rev. Mr. Smithett preached a sermon at Knoxville
on the question, "How far the religious maybe political." Hon.
Arthur A. Smith, Republican candidate for Representative, and Sid-
ney Myers, Democratic candidate for Circuit Clerk, held a discussion
at the court house in Knoxville. T. J. Pickett, of Peoria, and A. C.
Mason, of Galesburg, also held public debates. These gentlemen
were candidates for Representative in the State Legislature, the
former Republican arid the latter a Douglas Democrat.
Republicans were all very highly pleased with the success of their
champions. Of the three Gale brothers, of Galesburg, Josiah was a
Breckinridge man, George was for Douglas, and W. Selden for Lincoln. \
The Knox Republican said " they so arranged it that whoever may I
be elected President, the Gale family would get the post-office."
1861. In the campaign of 1861 there was a disaffection in the Re-
publican ranks, the minority being led by Hon. Arthur A. Smith, T.
G. Frost, Thomas Harrison, W. S. Gale and others. They held a
convention at Knoxville, which the Knox Republican denominated
the "lobscouse " convention, and nominated a county ticket. There
was intense excitement over the distribution of the spoils of office be-
tween the old line Democrats and the "sore-headed" Republicans. W.
Selden Gale, of Galesburg, became a candidate for the State Consti-
tutional Convention, and was opposed mainly for his (alleged) partial-
ity to Galesburg and vicinity. They said he was opposed to bridging
Spoon river, and to other improvements in the eastern parts of the
414 HISTOKY OF KNOX COUNTY.
I
county. In a week or two, however, they claimed that he had turned
and was in favor of " bridging Spoon river lengthwise, so that one
could cross anywhere! " Thomas A. E. Holeomb, for Treasurer, was
opposed on the ground that he was employed in Dunn's bank at,Gales-
burg, and would deposit in that bank all the funds of the county. In
two years from this time, sure enough, Dunn failed. At this election
the Republicans elected but two of their men, John S. Winter for
Clerk, by 136 majority, and James H. Knapp, for School Commis-
sioner, by 232. The Democrats elected their candidates by majorities
ranging from 200 to 500.
1862. The contest was as usual quite animated. The Democratic
party put their county ticket in the field under the head of the
" Union," or " Union Democratic." The Republicans elected their
entire ticket by a large majority.
1863. As the election of 1863 approached, the Galesburg Free
Democrat headed its editorial columns with the " Unconditional
Union Ticket." The general outlook for the national cause in the
South being rather dark and gloomy, the opposition cared not to do
much lest their actions be misinterpreted. The Republicans of the
county gave about 1,000 majority.
1864. This was another Presidential campaign, and naturally
much feeling was manifested. Abraham Lincoln again ran for the
Presidency, his opponent being George B. McClellan. The local
fight was greatly animated.
1865. The local election of this year presents a singular phase.
There was no direct contest between the Republicans and Democrats,
but the conflict was based on purely personal grounds. Soldiers re-
turning home from the war had the sympathy of the mass of the voters
of the county. It will be noticed in the returns of election that Allen
received only 7 votes, while his opponent received 3,455. This is
without a parallel in the political history of the county. Allen was
not beaten so badly because he was a Democrat or because of unpopu-
larity, but because Harrison was a soldier.
1866. The efforts made in 1865 were continued this year, when the
county went Republican by the largest majority ever obtained for an
entire ticket.
1867. But little interest was manifested in the election this year.
From the returns it appears that the Democrats polled only about
three-fourths the number of votes cast the previous year, and the
Republicans about two-fifths the number cast in 1866.
1868. The campaign commenced early, and nationally was full of
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. 415
interest and excitement The Republicans won an easy victory in the
county, Grant receiving a majority of 2,605 over Seymour. The
" bloody shirt" was a strong weapon used against the Democrats, and
it was freely shook by their victorious opponents.
1869. Politics were almost entirely ignored this year. The con-
flict was purely sectional. It was Galesburg against Knoxville, or
vice versa, and not a political contest, although the Democrats man-
aged to elect a Treasurer by a handsome majority. The real question
at issue was the removal of the county-seat from Knoxville. Clark
and Miles, two recognized Republican leaders, were arrayed against
each other in the contest for Judgeship.
1870. In the selection of a candidate for Congress by the Repub-
licans, a different mode was adopted than was customary. The con-
testants for the nomination were E. C. Ingersoll and T. J. Henderson.
An election was held throughout the District September 8, Ingersoll
receiving the nomination. He received 800 majority in this county.
1871. A light vote polled, showing considerable apathy on the
part of both parties.
1872. The Democracy of the county united with the Liberal Re-
publicans, and nominated Horace Greeley for President. This nomi-
nation was endorsed by fche Democracy of this county, the great mass
of the party heartily supporting the ticket, though there were a few
who did not support Greeley. The returns present a singular appear-
ance, being composed of Republicans, Democrats, Liberal and Inde-
pendent. The county ticket nominated by the Republicans was a
good one. The candidates were all young, being men of vigor and
eminently capable for the positions, as is evinced in the fact that all
of them were elected and re-elected, and hold the same offices at the
present time, except Slater, who is the Republican nominee this fall
for the same office he formerly held.
1873. This year's campaign was a repetition of the one four years
previous. The same vital question was the issue; the same candidates
were put forward; a larger vote was cast, and the Galesburg party, led
by Clark, Winter and Elliott, received a much larger majority than
they did in 1869. As showing the strong sectional feeling prevalent,
we need but record the fact that Clark received 1,655 votes in the city
of Galesburg, while there was only 6 polled for Miles. In four of the
wards not a ballot was cast for him. "Winter received only 29 votes
in Knox township, where a few years previous he could have received
nearly every ballot cast.
1874. This year there was a triangular fight, three parties being
in the field, Democratic, Republican, and Independent, or Liberal;
416 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the organization known as the " Anti-Monopoly" having been aban-
doned, or merged into the Independent.
1875. -A very light vote polled. Bnrkhalter demonptrated his
popularity at home, which was at Maquon, by changing materially the
customary returns from that place.
187B. Success in various States for two years gave the Democracy
increased hope of again coming to the front. We find them this year
thoroughly reorganized, and under the old party name. Certain
abuses in the administration of the civil service of the country gave
the party a chance to demand a change, and under the cry of " Re-
form" they went into the canvass with a determination to win. In
this county there were again three tickets, the Independent party
making their fight upon the financial question. The local tickets of
all parties. were unexceptionable, and on personal grounds each tried
to obtain votes. The principal candidates for local offices ran ahead of
their tickets iu their respective towns, which certainly speaks well for
them.
1877. No considerable interest was displayed, yet, for a local elec-
tion, a large vote was polled.
With this the political history of the county is brought down to the
present time, when again candidates are in the field, but no enthusi-
asm, or even any degree of interest, is apparent. Below will be found
.a carefully compiled record of election returns for the years of which
there are any records extant:
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1849. ELECTION NOV. 5, 1850.
COUNTY JUDGE. ^ CONGRESS. ^ ^
Geo.C.Lanphere,dem... l' ^6 Martin P Sweet, dem ........ 660 80
Rob't L. Hannaman, whig. . . 713 T " Cam P be11 . whl S .......... 58
ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. REPRESENTATIVE.
James M. Hunter, dem ....... 795 98 g eQ 7 ^T'n^'Y ......... ?7i
oon Hugh A. Kelly, whig ........ 5.1
Isaac Colton, dem ............ 681
Richeson Walter, whig ...... 697 SHERIFF.
Alfred Brown, wliig ......... 808 Samuel W. Brown, dem ...... 631 24
COUNTY CLERK. David Edgerton, whig ....... 607
Zelotes Cooley, dem .......... 857 249 COUNTY JUDGE.
Elisha C. Field, whig ........ 608 G. C. Lanphere, clem ........ 625 19
TREASURER AND ASSESSOR. R L - Hannaman, whig ....... 606
Charles Rogers, dem ......... 749 34 CORONER.
Hugh S. Woods, whig ....... 715 Chauncey White, dem ........ 324
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER. Wm. H. Heller, dem ......... 296
William H Whitton.dem. ... 747 43 Jose P h Henderson, whig ...... 657
T. Judson Hale, whig ........ 704 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1851.
COUNTY SURVEYOR. SENATOR.
Arthur A. Denny, whig ...... 908 359 Samuel Webster, whig ........ 608 91
Philip Wager, dem .......... 549 Reuben S. Spicer, dem ....... 517
HISTORY OF KWOX COUNTY.
417
VOTE. MAJ.
TREASURER.
David Edgerton, dem 621 85
Abraham Lightner, whig 536
SURVEYOR.
Wm. Maxwell, dem 821
E. T. Byram, ind 626 305
A. W. Martin, whig 210
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
W. H. Whitton, dem 601 01
T. 8. Vaill, whig 540
ELECTION NOV. 2, 1852.
PRESIDENT.
Franklin Pierce, dem 1119 39
Winfleld Scott, whig 1080
Nathan P. Hale, free soil 391
CONGRESS.
James Knox, dem 1 :75 295
Lewis W. Ross, whig 980
Lewis M. Curtis, free soil. . . . 325
CIRCUIT JUDGE.
Hezekiah M. Wead, dem 1134 31
Halsey O. Merriman, whig. . .1083
STATE SENATOR.
Ben Graham, dem 1135 36
Samuel Webster, whig 1099
George A. Clifford, free soil . . 355
R EPRESENT ATI VE .
Thomas McKee, dem 1194 167
James Bunce, whig 1027
Abel Thomas, free soil 330
SHERIFF.
John Eads, dem 1299 307
Henry Arms, whig 992
Anson L. Massie, free soil.. . . 305
CIRCUIT CLERK.
Hiram T. Morey, dem 1170 73
T. Judson Hale, whig 1097
George Davis, free soil 318
CORONER.
J. W. Brewer, dem 1162 103
J. W. Spalding, whig 1059
Hiram Elliott, free soil 300
ELECTION NOV. 8, 1853.
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
Aaron Tyler, Jr , whig 754 183
W. C. Goudy, dem 571
A. Z. Hayner, free soil 110
COUNTY JUDGE.
H. G. Reynolds, clem 804 266
W. Selden Gale, whig 538
E. M. Jordon, free soil ... 94
COUNTY CLERK.
H. Hadley, whig 485
Z. Cady, dem 852 367
G. W. Enke, free soil 93
VOTE. MAJ.
COUNTY TREASUREIt.
W. H. Whitton, dem 661 6
William McGowan, whig .... (555
J. Larimer, free soil 115
SURVEYOR.
R. Deatherage, dem 616 24
E. T. Byram, ind 592
S. Davis, free soil 100
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
J. W. Knox, whig 613
J. H. Noteware, dem 739 126
W. C. Willard, free soil 97
(The vote of Sparta was thrown out,
owing to an informality in the returns.
It would not, however, have changed the
result.)
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1854.
CONGRESS.
James Knox, rep 1647 723
Wm. McMurtry, dern 924
REPRESENTATIVE.
S. W. Brown, rep 1580 616
Thomas McKee, dem 964
SHERIFF.
Cornelius Runkle, rep 1331 73
Peter Burtnett, clem 1258
CORONER.
JosephHenderson, rep 1588 611
William H. Heller, dem 977
ELECTION NOV. 6, 1855.
COUNTY TREASURER.
William McGowan, rep 752 327
Thomas Murrie, dem 425
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Elias T. Byram, rep 746 823
R. Deatherage, dem 423
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
P. H. Sanford, rep 791 46
H. H. Smith, 45
W. H. Whitton, 40
J. Blanchard, 3
ELECTION NOV. 4, 1856.
PRESIDENT.
John Charles Fremont, rep.. .2851 1361
James Buchanan, dem 1490
Millard Fillmore, Amer 277
CONGRESS.
William Kellogg, rep 2890 326
James W. Davidson, dem 1564
Arthur H. Griffith,,free soil. . . 115
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
James H. Stewart, rep 2862 1767
B. C. Taliaferro, dem. 1095
418
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
VOTE. MAJ.
STATE SENATOR.
Thomas J. Henderson, rep. . .2863 1289
John Dickon, dem 1574
REPRESENTATIVE.
D. H. Frisbie, rep 2824 1165
Isaac Dernpsey, dem 1659
CIRCUIT CLERK.
Cephas Armes, rep 2853 1 203
William H. Whitton, dem 1650
SHERIFF.
George W. Enke, rep 2639 735
Peter Burtnett, dem 1904
CORONER.
Wm. Hamilton, rep 2861 1319
Jason Duncan, dem 1542
ELECTION NOV. 3, 1857.
JUDGE.
L. Douglass, rep 1437 545
Geo. A. Charles, dem 892
COUNTY CLERK.
J. S. Winter, rep 1390 441
Z. Cooley, dem 949
COUNTY TREASURER.
William McGowan, rep 1365 366
David Sanborn, dem 999
SURVEYOR.
Alexander Knapp, rep 1456 633
D. W. Rockhold, dem 823
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
P. H. Sanford, rep 1399 443
T. A. E. Holcomb, dem 956
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1858.
CONGRESS.
William Kellogg, rep 2965 1145
James W. Davidson, dem 1820
Jacob Gale 54
REPRESENTATIVE.
R. W. Miles, rep 2930 1030
G. W. Ford, dem 1900
J. M. Morse, 51
SHERIFF.
Andrew Thompson, rep 2800 981
Peter Burtnett, dem 1819
David Sanborn, free soil 84
CORONER.
Alvin H. Potter, rep 2848 1014
Samuel Wilson, dem 1834
Henry Lander 84
ELECTION NOV. 6, 1859.
COUNTY TREASURER.
George Davis, rep 1 143 480
Thomas McKee, dem 663
VOTE. MAJ
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Elias T. Byram, rep 1183 568
Walter Jarvis, dem 615
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
Patrick H. Sanford, rep 1142 497
Thomas S. Vaill, dem 645
ELECTION NOV. 6, 1860.
PRESIDENT.
A. Lincoln, rep 3832 1624)
S, A. Douglas, dem 2208
CONGRESS.
William Kellogg rep 3820 1609
R. G. logo-soil, dem 2221
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
James H. Stewart, rep 3830 1613
J. C. Pepper, dem 2217
SENATOR.
T. J. Pickett, rep 3822 1572
A. C. Mason, dem 2250
REPRESENTATIVE.
A. A. Smith, rep. 3818 1577
G. A. Charles, dem 2241
CIRCUIT CLERK.
J. H. Lewis, rep. 3826 1583
S. Myers, dem 2243
SHERIFF.
E. C. Brott, rep 3803 1541
Peter Frans, dem 2262
CORONER.
Reuben Bailey, rep 3816 1577
J. W. Brewer, dem 2239
ELECTION NOV. 5, 1861.
COUNTY JUDGE.
R. L. Hannaman, rep. : 1306
A. M. Craig, Union dem 1943 637
COUNTY CLERK.
J. B. Scheitlin, Union rep 1487
J. S. Winter, rep 1623 136
COUNTY TREASURER.
T. A. E. Holcomb, Union ind. 1856 469
George Davis, rep ; .1387
SURVEYOR.
R. Voris, Union rep 1784 392
E. T. Byram, rep 1392
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
J. H. Knapp, rep - 1733 232
J. S. Foster, Union dem 1501
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.
J. M. Holyoke, rep 1054
W. Selden Gale, Union rep.. 1599 545
Aaron Tyler, Ind. rep 549
ELECTION NOV. 4, 1862.
CONGRESSMAN- AT-LARGE.
Ebon Clark Ingersoll, rep. . . 2775 1126
James C. Allen, dem 1649
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
419
VOTE. MAJ.
CONGRESSMAN.
/ Owen Lovejoy, rep 2625
Thomas J. Henderson, dem.. .1769
1126
Ben Graham 4
STATE SENATOR.
George I. Bergen, rep 288 1211
Albert C. Mason, dem 1597
REPRESENTATIVE .
Joseph M. Holyoke, rep 2690 959
Wm. N. Phillips, dern 1731
SHERIFF.
J. Calvin Cover, rep 2684 1004
James M Hunter, dem 1680
CORONER.
Giles Cook, rep 2681 955
William A. Merricks, dem. . .1726
ELECTION NOV. 3, 1863.
COUNTY TREASURER.
John A. West, 2409 1 .82
Jesse Grant 1127
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Ralph Voris, 242S 1322
John S. Foster, 1106
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.
James H. Knapp 2413 1300
James W. Butler, 1113
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1865.
COUNTY JUDGE.
Dennis Clark, rep 1859 161
Frank C. Smith, dem 1698
COUNTY CLERK.
James J. Egan, rep .1835 126
James M. Gilson, ind. rep ... 1709
COUNTY TREASURER.
Thomas Harrison, rep 3455 3448
Richard Allen, dem 7
SUPERINTENDENT SCHOOLS.
James H. Knapp, rep 3448
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Ralph Voris, rep 3429
ELECTION NOV. 6, 1866.
CONGRESSMAN-AT-LARGE.
John A. Logan, rep 4314 2697
T. Lyle Dickey, dem 1617
CONGRESS.
Ebon C. Ingersoll, rep 4313 2697
Silas Rumsey, dem 1616
STATE SENATOR.
Thomas A. Boyd, rep 4294 2659
George A. Charles, dem 1685
REPRESENTATIVE.
John Gray, rep 4303 2698
Elias B. Rea, dem 1605
VOTE. MAJ.
SHERIFF.
David W. Bradshaw, rep. . . .4302 2688
Commodore P. Lomax, dem . . 1614
CORONER.
Levi Massie, rep 4219 2607
Isaac Martin, dem 1612
ELECTION NOV. 5, 1867.
TREASURER.
Homer Gaines, rep 1 845 767
Sylvester Stearns, dem . 1078
SURVEYOR.
Ralph Voris, rep I860 8
Walter Jarvis, dem 1050
ELECTION NOV. 6, 1868.
PRESIDENT.
U. S. Grant, rep 5101 2605
Horatio Seymour, dem 2495
CONGRESS.
Ebon C. Ingersoll, rep 5041 2507
John H. Neglos, dem 2534
Samuel Dorr, 2
REPRESENTATIVE.
W. Selden Gale, rep 3908 486
Alfred M. Craig, dem 3422
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
James A. McKenzie, rep 4024 1475
D. P. Phelps, dem 2549
William Marshall, ind 955
CIRCUIT CLERK.
James W. Temple, rep 4981 2392
Charles H. Jackson, dem 2589
SHERIFF.
Wilkins Seacord, rep 4633 1922
John S. Henderson, dem 2711
John S. Gorsett, ind . . .' 132
ELECTION NOV. 2, 1869.
COUNTY JUDGE.
Dennis Clark, rep 2579 189
Rufus W. Miles, rep , . . . .2390
COUNTY CLERK.
John S. Winter, rep 2491 213
Samuel L. Charles, rep 2278
COUNTY TREASURER.
Edwin T. Ellett, dem 2803 633
David J. Ackerson, rep 2 170
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
David Wilts, rep 2531 81
Ralph Voris, rep 2450
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Frederick Christianer, rep. . .2584 94
John S. Foster, dem 2290
ELECTION NOV. 8, 1870.
CONGRESS.
Bradford N. Stevens, dem 2250 152
Ebon C. Ingersoll, rep 2098
F. B. Ives, liberal 161
420
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
VOTE. MAJ.
SENATORS
Henry J. Vaughn, rep 2802 24
Thomas A. Boyd, rep 2778
Alfred M.. Craig, dem 2076
Benjamin H. Gal ton, 1427
REPRESENTATIVES.
Oscar F. Price, rep, 3131
Joseph F. Latimer, rep ...... 3030
Patrick H. Sanford, rep 2930
Wm. W. Campbell, deoi 1591
Norman Z. Potter, rep 1211
Geo. W. McCown, rep 1435
SHERIFF.
Samuel F. Patton, rep 2560 627
David W. Bradshaw, rep 1933
CORONER.
Jesse W. Kimball, rep 2979 1417
Levi Massie, dem 1562
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1871.
CONGRESSMAN-AT-LARGE.
John L. Beveridge, rep 2018 1115
Samuel S. Hayes, dem 903
COUNTY TREASURER.
Francis M. Sykes, rep 1688 443
Edwin T. Ellett, dem 1245
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Wm. H. Robinson, dem 2048 1242
.Ralph Voris, rep 806
Robert Deatherage, dem 28
ELECTION NOV. 9, 1872.
PRESIDENT.
U. S. Grant, rep 4315 2461
Horace Greeley, liberal 1854
Charles O' Conor, dem 98
CONGRESS.
Granville Borrere, rep 4331 2363
Nich. E. Worthington, clem . . 1968
Jas. H. Nicholson, liberal 87
STATE SENATOR.
Patrick H. Sanford, rep. . . .4273 2267
Alfred S. Curtis, liberal 2006
REPRESENTATIVES.
Jacob S. Chambers, rep 0469
Geo. P. Graham, rep 6337
John W. Kinsley, dem 3222^
Alson W. Streeter, dem 2974
STATE'S ATTORNEY.
John J. Tunnicliff, rep 4348 2387
Fred. A. Willoughby, clem. . .1961
D. H. Clark, clem 69
CIRCUIT CLKRK.
Geo. L. Hannaman, rep 4268 2209
Patrick H. Smith, dem 2059
v'OTE. MAJ.
SHERIFF.
August W. Berggren, rep 4282 2337
Peter S. Nelson, liberal 1945
Moses S. Carr, clem 40
John S. Garrett, ind 34
CORONER.
Albert S. Slater, rep 4325 2357
Edward H. Stilson, dem 1968
ELECTION NOV. 8, 1873.
JUDGE.
Dennis Clark, rep 3603 133g
Rufus W. Miles, rep 2271
COUNTY CLERK.
John S. Winter, rep 3440 1017
Francis M. Sykes 2423
COUNTY TREASURER.
Edwin T. Ellett, dem 3378 935
Daniel Robertson, dem 2443
SUPERINTENDENT SCHOOLS.
Mary Allen West, rep 3015 814
Bobb, dem 2141
S. P. Lucy, lib 622
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1874.
CONGRESS.
Richard H. Whiting, rep 2883 556
Leonard F. Ross, liberal 2327
REPRESENTATIVES.
Curtis K. Harvey, clem 5165^
John H. Lewis, rep 4750*|
John T. McGinnis, rep 3916>|
James M. Taylor, liberal 2l64>
Robert J. Cabeen, Ind 10
August W. Berggren, rep 3551 1764
Samuel F. Patton, Ind 1789
SUPT. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Wm. W. Powell, rep 3417 1522
Samuel W. Etter, lib 1895
CORONER.
Albert S. Slater, rep 3503 1672
J. C.Morse, lib 816
Chauncey Morse, dem 1015
ELECTION NOV. 7, 1875.
TREASURER.
James L. Burkhalter, rep 1822 522
A. C. Clay, clem 1300
SURVEYOR.
Henry J. Vaughn, rep 1802 467
Ralph Voris, clem 1335
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
421
ELECTION NOV. 2.
VOTE. MAJ.
1876.
PRESIDENT.
Rutherford B. Hayes, rep. . . .5235 2603
Samuel J. Tilden, dem 2632
Peter Cooper, ind 141
Jonathan Blanchard, 1
CONGRESS.
Thomas A. Boyd, rep 5004 2228
Geo. A. Wilson, dem 2776
Watson W. Mathews, ind 195
SENATOR.
Benjamin C. Taliaferro, rep ..5224 2478
Franklin C. Smith, dem .2746
REPRESENTATIVES.
Alfred S. Curtis, rep 7806
Joseph F. Lat 
