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Full text of "History of Lafayette county, Mo. , carefully written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of its townships, cities, towns, and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri; the Constitution of the United States, and state of Missouri; a military record of volunteers in either army of the great civil war .."

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HISTORY 


OF 


Lafayette  County,  Mo., 


CAREFULLY  WRITTEN  AND  COMPILED 


FROM  THE 


MOST  AUTHENTIC  OFFICIAL  AND  PRIVATE  SOURCES, 


INCLUDING  A  HISTORY  OP  ITS 


Townships,  Cities, Towns  and  Villages, 


TOGETHER   WITH 


▲  condensed  history  of  missouri;  the  constitution  of  the  united  states, 

and  state  of  missouri;  a  military  record  of  its  volunteers  in  either 

army  of  the  great  civil  war;    general   and  local  statistics; 

miscellany;     reminiscences,   grave,   tragic   and   humorous; 

biographical  sketches  of  prominent  men  and  citizens 

identified   with  the  interests  of  the  county. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


St.    LOUIS: 

MISSOURI     HISTORICAL     COMPANY. 

1881. 


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30<3  ' 


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PREFACE. 


In  our  diligent  search  for  four  months  seeking  the  information  embod- 
ied in  this  history,  a  few  men  have  been  indifferent  about  it,  but  almost 
universally  we  were  met  with  welcome,  and  those  who  could  furnish 
information  were  glad  to  do  so.  And  a  few  have  taken  such  pains  to  ren- 
der us  valuable  assistance  that  we  wish  to  make  our  special  acknowledg- 
ments to  them  for  it.  Ethan  Allen,  Esq.,  furnished  us  the  oldest  files  of 
Lafayette  county  newspapers  now  in  existence.  Captain  Andrews,  the 
deputy  county  clerk,  has  our  thanks  for  the  uniform  kindness  and  good 
will  with  which  he  aided  us  in  our  frequent  occasions  to  examine  the  musty 
and  mouldy  old  records  in  the  county  vaults.  We  are  indebted  to  Cap- 
tain A.  A.  Lesueur,  editor  of  the  Lexington  Intelligencer,  for  personal 
favors  that  were  helpful;  also  to  G.  Clayton,  John  Burden,  and  E.  Win- 
sor,  for  loan  of  scrap-books  containing  many  valuable  records,  narratives, 
military  orders,  official  reports,  and  other  documents  of  the  war  time  not 
found  in  any  of  the  printed  histories.  To  Dr.  J.  B.  Alexander  for  many 
favors;  to  Henry  Turner,  postmaster,  for  bound  files  of  the  Lexington 
Register',  to  H.  C.  Chiles,  Esq.,  for  his  Centennial  Fourth  of  July  history 
of  the  county;  to  Dr.  Gordon  for  special  assistance  in  regard  to  old  and 
long-forgotten  pioneer  school  matters;  to  Captain  J.  O.  Wilson,  of  Lex- 
ington, and  Col.  W.  F.  Switzler,  of  Columbia,  Mo.,  for  loan  of  valuable 
books;  to  the  Lexington  Intelligencer  company  for  free  access  to  all  their 
files,  etc.,  etc.  It  was  a  vast  work.  This  county  has  had  a  long  and  intensely 
history-making  career.  We  found  material  plenty  to  make  three  books 
instead  of  one;  and  the  burden  of  difficulty  was  to  select  those  things  which 
would  be  of  most  permanent  interest  and  value  to  our  patrons,  and  then 
condense  them  to  the  necessary  limits  of  the  promised  volume.  The  work 
has  been  done  with  conscientious  care,  with  painstaking  and  arduous  labor, 
with  unpartisan  candor,  with  good  faith  and  good  will  towards  all;  and 


6  PREFACK. 

now  it  is  respectfully  submitted  to  the  judgment,  acceptance,  and  use  of 
those  who  have  kindly  given  their  pledges  in  support  of  the  undertaking — 
confident  that  it  is  in  full  measure  of  every  promise  on  our  part,  and  trust- 
ing that  it  will  be  entirely  satisfactory  to  our  patrons. 

Yours  truly, 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 


CONTENTS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MISSOURI. 


Page. 

Historical  and  Political 9 

Prehistoric  Missouri 10 

The  White  Race  in  Missouri 15 

Missouri  as  a  State 25 

Summary  of  Events  and  Dates 25 

Counties  and  population 26 

Census  Report,  1880 27 

State  Finances 29 

Presidential  Vote,  1820  to  1880 ,. . .  30 

Governors  From  1820  to  1880 31 

United  States  Senators 31 

Members  of  Congress 32 

Public  School  System 34 

Protectional  Laws 40 

Homestead  Exemption 40 

Exemption  of  Personal  Property....  42 

Rights  of  Married  Women 43 

Taxation 43 

Public  Debt  Limitation 44 

Comparative  Tax  Rate 45 

Federal  Officers  in  the  State 46 

Missouri's  Distinguished  Men — 

Daniel  Boone 47 

Thomas  H.  Benton 47 

James  B .  Eads 48 

Carl  Schurz 49 

Prof.  Charles  V.  Riley 49 

Missouri  in  Civil  War 50 


Page. 

Geology  and  Minerals 66 

Geological  Chart 67 

Mineral  Resources 72 

Earth,  Clays,  Ochres,  etc 77 

Geography  of  Missouri 78 

Rivers  and  Water  Courses 81 

Notable  Springs 82 

Soils  and  Their  Products 83 

Wild  Game 85 

Climate 87 

Healthfulness  of  the  State 89 

Agriculture 90 

Staple  Crops 91 

Horticulture 93 

The  Grasshoppers 96 

Navigation  and  Commerce 99 

The  Lewis  and  Clark  Expedition 100 

First  Steamboats  in  Missouri 101 

The  Barge  System 103 

Railroads  in  Missouri 104 

Manufacturing  in  Missouri 107 

Principal  Cities  in  Missouri 108 

Constitution  of  the  United  States 113 

Constitution  of  Missouri  124 

Abstracts  of  State  Laws  and  Forms. . .  .160 

Practical  Rules  for  Every  Day  Use 190 

Names  of  the  States  of  the  Union  and 
Their  Significance ....196 


HISTORY  OF  LAFAYETTE  COUNTY. 


Page. 

Pioneer  Events 20jfT 

First  Court 208 

Geology  of  County 226 

Schools  and  Colleges 242 

County  Organizations 264 

Newspapers 272 

Events-  and  Incidents  by  Years 282 

Elections 296 

County  Finances 305 

Railroads 310 

War   History 329 

The  Battle  of  Lexington  339 


Page. 

Price's  Raid 367 

Confederate  Soldiers'  Record 376 

Federal  Soldiers'  Record 386 

Township  Histories — 

Clay  Township 396 

Davis   Township 405 

Dover  Township 413 

Freedom  Township 422 

Lexington  Township 431 

Middleton  Township 463 

Sniabar  Township *. 467 

Washington  Township 476 


CONTENTS. 
BIOGRAPHICAL  DIRECTORY. 


Page. 

Clay  Township 482 

Davis  Township 509 

DoverTownship 537 

Freedom  Township 569 

City  of  Lexington 612 


Page 

Lexington  Township 633 

Middleton  Township 654 

Sniabar  Township 673 

Washington  Township 683 

Additional  Biog.  Davis  Township  . .  .701 


History  of  the  State  of  Missouri. 


PART  I.— HISTORICAL  AND  POLITICAL. 


INTRODUCTORY. 

When  a  book  is  written,  it  is  presumed  that  the  writer  had  some  object 
in  view  and  some  end  to  achieve  by  his  labor  in  collecting  the  material 
and  writing  the  book;  and  it  is  right  that  he  should  put  himself  on  good 
terms  with  his  readers  at  the  outset  by  making  a  brief,  but  frank  and 
honest  statement  of  his  object,  plan  and  purpose  in  the  book  which  he 
offers  to  public  patronage.  The  writer  of  this  History  of  Missouri  has 
aimed  to  embody  in  a  brief  space  the  greatest  amount  of  solid  and  reliable 
information  about  things  which  directly  hinge  and  center  upon  or  within 
the  territory  of  this  State — this  international  commonwealth,  which  holds 
by  right  divine  the  royal  prerogative  of  a  destiny  imperial  and  grand,  if 
she  can  acquire  or  develop  human  brain  and  muscle  adequate  to  utilize 
wisely,  honorably  and  energetically  her  magnificent  natural  resources, 
both  of  commercial  position  and  of  agricultural  and  mineral  wealth.  The 
writer's  desire  and  effort  has  been  to  present  nothing  which  would  not  be 
read  with  deep  interest  by  every  intelligent  citizen  of  Missouri  at  the 
present  time;  and  also  stand  as  a  permanent  body  of  information,  at  once 
useful  and  reliable  for  future  reference.  Discussion  of  theories,  problems 
or  doubtful  matters  has  been  avoided;  solid  facts  have  been  diligently 
sought  after;  and  the  narrative  has  been  made  to  embody  as  many  facts 
and  events  as  possible  without  falling  into  the  dry-bones  method  of  mere 
statistical  tables.  In  fact,  the  limit  of  space  allotted  him  has  compelled  the 
writer  to  condense,  epitomize,  shorten  up  —  and  therefore  continually  to 
repress  his  desire  to  embellish  the  narrative  with  the  graces  of  rhetoric 
and  the  glow  of  an  exuberant  and  fervid  enthusiasm.  This,  however, 
secures  to  the  reader  more  facts  within  the  same  space. 

In  preparing  this  work  more  than  a  hundred  volumes  have  been  con- 
sulted, to  collate  incidents  and  authenticate  dates  and  facts,  besides  much 
matter  gathered  from  original  sources  and  not  before  embraced  in  anv 
1 


10  HISTORY   OF   THF    <*TATE   OF    MISSOURI. 

book.  It  is  not  presumed  that  there  are  no  mistakes  or  errors  of  state- 
ment herein  made;  but  it  is  believed  that  there  are  fewer  of  such  lapses 
than  commonly  occur  with  the  same  amount  of  data  in  similar  works. 
The  classification  of  topics  is  an  attempt  to  give  them  a  consecutive  and 
consistent  relative  place  and  order  in  the  book,  for  convenience  of  inci- 
dental reference  or  of  selective  reading. 


PRE-HISTORIC   MISSOURI. 


THE  MOUND-BUILDERS,  Etc. 

Every  State  has  a  pre-historic  history  —  that  is,  remains  and  relics  are 
found  which  show  that  the  land  was  inhabited  by  a  race  or  races  of  men 
long  before  its  discovery  and  occupation  by  a  race  sufficiently  advanced 
in  the  arts  of  civilization  to  preserve  a  written  record  of  their  own 
observations  and  doings.  It  is  now  well  established  that  every  portion  of 
the  United  States  was  inhabited  by  a  race  of  men  grouped  under  the 
general  name  of  "  Mound-builders,"  who  preceded  the  modern  hunter 
tribes  called  "Indians."  It  further  appears,  from  all  the  evidence  accumu- 
lated, that  the  Mound-builders  were  a  race  that  made  permanent  settle- 
ments, and  built  earthworks  of  considerable  extent  for  defense  against 
enemies,  both  man  and  beast;  also  for  sepulture,  for  religious  rites,  and 
for  memorial  art;  it  is  also  evident  that  they  cultivated  the  soil  to  some 
extent,  made  rude  textile  fabrics  and  clay  pottery,  and  wrought  imple- 
ments of  domestic  use,  ornaments,  charms,  toys,  pipes,  etc.,  and  weapons 
of  war  and  of  the  chase,  from  flint,  porphyry,  jasper,  hornstone,.  granite, 
slate,  and  other  varieties  of  rocks;  also  from  horn,  bone,  shells,  and  other 
animal  products;  and  from  native  copper.  But  they  had  no  knowledge 
of  iron,  nor  any  art  of  smelting  copper;  they  merely  took  small  pieces  of 
the  native  ore  and  hammered  it  cold  with  their  stone  tools  until  it  took 
some  rude  shape  of  utility,  and  then  they  scoured  and  polished  it  to  its 
utmost  brilliancy;  and  it  is  altogether  probable  that  these  articles  wrere 
only  possessed  by  the  chieftains  or  ruling  families.  Plates  of  mica  are 
also  found  among  their  remains,  with  holes  for  suspension  on  cords 
around  the  neck  or  body;  and  lumps  of  galena  or  lead  ore  sometimes 
occur,  but  these  must  have  been  valued  merely  as  trinkets  or  charms, 
because  of  their  lustre.  Remains  of  this  people  are  found  frequently 
both  on  the  bluffs  and  bottom  lands  of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri 
rivers,  and,  in  many  States,  far  inland,  also. 

The  first  mention  of  such  remains  in   Missouri  is  made  by  a  U.  S. 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  11 

exploring  expedition  under  Major  S.  H.  Long,  in  1819.  This  expedition 
went  in  the  first  steamboat  that  ever  puffed  and  paddled  its  way  against 
the  swift,  muddy  current  of  the  Missouri  river;  *the  boat  was  named 
"  Western  Engineer,"  but  it  had  a  double  stern-wheel,  or  two  wheels,  one 
of  them  named  in  large  letters,  "James  Monroe,"  and  the  other  "John 
C.  Calhoun,"  in  honor  of  the  then  President  and  Secretary  of  War. 
This  steamer  had  to  stop  at  St.  Louis  for  some  repairs;  and  two  members 
of  the  expedition,  Messrs.  Thomas  Say  and  T.  R.  Peale,  improved  the 
time  by  surveying  a  group  of  twenty-seven  ancient  mounds  which  occu- 
pied ground  that  is  now  all  covered  over  by  the  modern  city  of  St.  Louis. 
This  occurred  in  June,  1819;  Mr.  Say  prepared  a  map  of  the  mounds 
and  a  brief  account  of  them,  and  this  appears  to  be  the  first  authentic 
record  of  such  ancient  works  within  the  territory  now  constituting  the 
State  of  Missouri;  his  notes  on  these  mounds  were  published  in  1823,  in 
the  report  of  Major  Long's  expedition,  but  his  map  of  them  was  never 
published  until  1862,  when  it  appeared  on  page  387  of  the  "  Smithsonian 
Report"  for  the  year  1861.     In  his  account  Mr.  Say  says: 

"Tumuli  and  other  remains  of  the  labors  of  nations  of  Indians  (?)  that 
inhabited  this  region  many  ages  since  are  remarkably  numerous  about 
St.  Louis.  Those  tumuli  immediately  northward  of  the  town  and  within 
a  short  distance  of  it,  are  twenty-seven  in  number,  of  various  forms  and 
magnitudes,  arranged  nearly  in  a  line  from  north  to  south.  The  common 
form  is  an  oblong  square,  and  they  all  stand  on  the  second  bank  of  the 
river.         *  It  seems  probable  these  piles  of  earth   were  raised 

as  cemeteries,  or  they  may  have  supported  altars  for  religious  cer- 
emonies." 

It  was  from  these  mounds  that  St.  Louis  derived  her  pseudonym  of  the 
"Mound  City";  but  this  name  is  now  almost  entirely  obsolete,  since  the 
city  has  risen  up  to  claim  the  prouder  title  of  "  Inter-Metropolis  of  North 
America".  When  the  largest  one  of  the  mounds  was  leveled  some 
skeletons  were  found,  and  some  thick  discs  with  holes  through  them; 
they  had  probably  served  as  beads,  and  were  wrought  from  shells  of  a  spe- 
cies of  fresh  water  clam  or  mussel.  Numerous  specimens  of  wrought  flints 
were  found  between  St.  Louis  and  Carondelet,  in  1660;  and  in  1861  an 
ancient  flint  shovel  was  dug  up  while  building  military  earthworks. 

In  Mississippi  county,  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  State,  there  is  a 
group  ol  mounds  covering  ten  acres,  in  section  6,  t.  24,  r.  17,  varying 
from  ten  to  thirty  feet  in  height.  About  lb55  these  mounds  were 
explored  by  two  gentlemen  from  Chicago,  and  they  lound  some  pottery, 
with  men  represented  upon  its  sides:  one  figure  appeared  to  be  a  priest 
or  some  official  personage,  as  shown   by  his  head-dress,  and  the  other 

*  Campbell's  History  of  Howard  County  says:  '•  May  28th,  1819,  the  first  steamboat— 
the  '  Independence,'  Capt.  Nelson,  time  from  St.  Louis,  including  all  stops,  twelve  days — 
landed  at  Franklin  on  her  way  up  the  [Missouri]  river."  Thus  it  seems  that  Major  Long's 
boat  was  really  the  second  one  to  go  up,  although  in  most  histories  it  is  mentioned  as  th« 
first — and  it  wo*  the  first  that  went  up  any  great  distance. 


12  HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

represented  a  captive  bound  with  thongs.  Both  figures  showed  the 
peculiar  contour  of  head  and  features  which  marks  the  mound-builder 
race. 

In  December,  1868,  some  laborers  engaged  in  grading  Sixth  street,  in 
East  St.  Louis,  dug  up  a  nest  of  unused  flint  hoes  or  shovels,  and  another 
deposit  of  shells  with  string-holes  worked  in  them,  and  another  deposit  of 
boulders  of  flint  and  greenstone,  ready  to  make  more  tools  or  weapons 
from.  These  deposits  were  on  high  ground,  and  about  half-way  between 
two  ancient  mounds. 

In  1876  or  1877  some  ancient  mounds  were  discovered  on  the  banks  of 
the  Missouri  river  near  Kansas  City.  They  were  in  groups  of  three 
and  five  together,  at  different  points  for  five  miles  up  and  down  the  river. 
Some  were  built  entirely  of  earth,  and  some  had  a  rude  stone  chamber  or 
vault  inside,  but  covered  with  earth  so  that  all  looked  alike  outside.  They 
were  of  an  irregular  oval  shape,  from  four  to  six  feet  high,  and  had 
heavy  growths  of  timber  on  top.  Mr.  W.  H.  R.  Lykins,  of  Kansas 
City,  noticed  a  burr-oak  tree  five  feet  in  diameter,  growing  on  top  of 
one  of  them,  and  the  decayed  stump  of  a  black  walnut  of  about  the  same 
size,  on  another.  In  describing  the  exploration  of  some  of  these  mounds 
Mr.  Lykins  gives  some  points  that  will  be  of  interest  to  every  one.  He 
says: 

"  We  did  not  notice  any  very  marked  peculiarity  as  to  these  bones 
except  their  great  size  and  thickness,  and  the  great  prominence  of  the 
supraciliary  ridges.  The  teeth  were  worn  down  to  a  smooth  and  even 
surface.  The  next  one  we  opened  was  a  stone  mound.  On  clearing  off 
the  top  of  this  we  came  upon  a  stone  wall  inclosing  an  area  about  eight 
feet  square,  with  a  narrow  opening  for  a  doorway  or  entrance  on  the 
south  side.  The  wall  of  this  inclosure  was  about  two  feet  thick;  the 
inside  was  as  smooth  and  compactly  built  and  the  corners  as  correctly 
squared  as  if  constructed  by  a  practical  workman.  No  mortar  had  been 
used.  At  a  depth  of  about  two  feet  from  the  top  of  the  wall  we  found  a 
layer  of  five  skeletons  lying  with  their  feet  toward  the  south."  * 

Nont:  of  the  other  walls  examined  were  so  skilfully  laid  as  this  one. 
The  bones  were  crumbly,  and  only  a  few  fragments  were  preserved  by 
coating  them  well  with  varnish  as  quickly  as  possible  after  they  were 
exposed  to  the  air.  One  stone  enclosure  was  found  full  of  ashes,  char- 
coal and  burnt  human  bones,  and  the  stones  and  earth  of  which  the 
mound  was  composed  all  showed  the  effects  of  fire.  Hence  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  this  was  either  a  cremation  furnace  or  else  an  altar  for  human 
sacrifices — most  probably  the  latter.  Some  fragments  of  pottery  were 
found  in  the  vicinity. 

L.  C.  Beck  in  1823f  reported  some  remains  in  the  territory  now  con- 
stituting Crawford  county,  Missouri,  which  he  thought  showed  that  there 

*  Smithsonian  Report,  1877,  p.  252. 

f  Gazetteer  of  Illinois  and  Missouri,  published  by  L.  C.  Beck,  in  1820-28. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  13 

was  in  old  time  a  town  there,  with  streets,  squares,  and  houses  built  with 
stone  foundations  and  mud  walls.  He  also  mentions  the  ruins  of  an 
ancient  stone  building  described  to  him  by  Gen.  Ashley,  as  situated  on  a 
high  cliff  on  the  west  side  of  the  Gasconade  river.  And  another  one  said  to 
be  in  Pike  county,  is  thus  described:  "  It  presents  the  dilapidated  remains 
of  a  building  constructed  of  rough,  unhewn  stones,  fifty-six  feet  long  and 
twenty-two  broad,  embracing  several  divisions  and  chambers.  The 
walls  are  from  two  to  five  feet  high.  Eighty  rods  eastward  of  this 
structure  is  found  a  smaller  one  of  similar  construction.  The  narrow 
apartments  are  said  to  be  arched  with  stone,  one  course  overlapping  the 
other,  after  the  manner  of  the  edilices  of  Central  America." 

I.  Dille,  Esq.,  of  Newark,  Ohio,  reported  that  he  had  examined  some 
of  these  pre-historic  town  ruins,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mine-la-Motte  and 
Fredericktown,  in  Madison  county,  Missouri.  He  speaks  of  them  as 
groups  of  small  tumuli,  and  says:  "I  have  concluded  the}'  are  the 
remains  of  mud  houses.  They  are  always  arranged  in  straight  lines, 
with  broad  streets  intervening  between  them,  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles.  The  distance  apart  varies  in  different  groups,  but  it  is  always 
uniform   in  the   same  group.  *         I  have  counted  upwards  of 

two  hundred  of  these  mounds  in  a  single  group.  Arrow  heads  of  jasper 
and  agate,  and  axes  of  sienite  and  porphyry  have  been  found  in  their 
vicinity."  * 

Mounds  or  other  pre-historic  structures  have  been  found  on  Spencer's- 
creek  in  Ralls  count)-;  on  Cedar  creek  in  Boone  county;  on  Crow's  Fork 
and  other  places  in  Callaway  count)-;  near  Berger  Station  in  Franklin 
county;  near  Miami  in  Saline  county;  on  Blackwater  river  in  John- 
son county;  on  Salt  river  in  Pike  county;  on  Prairie  Fork  in  Mont- 
gomery county;  near  New  Madrid;  and  in  many  other  parts  of  the 
State. 

The  class  of  ancient  ruins,  partly  built  of  stone,  said  to  exist  in 
Clay,  Crawford,  Pike  and  Gasconade  counties,  Missouri,  are  not  found 
further  north,  but  are  frequent  enough  further  south,  and  are  supposed 
to  indicate  a  transitional  period  in  the  development  of  architectural 
knowledge  and  skill,  from  the  grotesque  earth-mounds  of  Wisconsin  to 
the  well-finished  adobe  structures  of  New  Mexico,  and  the  grander  stone 
ruins  of  Yucatan.  But,  no  matter  what  theory  we  adopt  with  regard  to 
these  pre-historic  relics,  the  present  citizens  of  Missouri  can  rest  assured 
that  a  different  race  of  human  beings  lived  and  flourished  all  over  this 
region  of  country,  hundreds — yes,  thousands  of  years  ago,  and  that  they 
were  markedly  different  in  their  modes  of  life  from  our  modern  Indians. 

*  Many  large  and  costly  works  have  been  published  by  scientists,  devoted  to  the  general 
subject  of  Pre-Historic  Man;  but  of  cheap  and  popular  works  for  the  general  reader,  the 
best  are  Poster's  "  Pre-Historic  Races  of  the  United  States" ;  and  Baldwin's  "  Ancient 
America". 


14  HISTORY   OF'  THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

And  there  are  at  least  two  discoveries  known  which  show  that  these  people 
were  here  before  the  extinction  of  the  mastodon,  or  great  American 
elephant.  In  the  "  Transactions  of  the  St.  Louis  Academy  of  Sciences," 
1857,  Dr.  Kock  reports  that  in  the  year  1839  he  dug  up  in  Gasconade 
county  [as  that  county  then  was]  the  bones  of  a  mastodon,  near  the 
Bourbeuse  river.  The  skeleton  of  this  gigantic  creature  was  buried  in 
such  a  position  as  to  show  that  it  had  got  its  hind  legs  down  in  a  bog  so 
deeply  that  it  could  not  climb  out,  although  its  fore  feet  were  on  dry 
ground.  The  natives  had  attacked  it  with  their  flint  arrows  and  spears, 
most  of  which  were  found  in  a  broken  condition;  but  they  had  finally 
managed  to  build  a  big  fire  so  close  to  its  head  as  to  burn  it  to  death,  the 
head-bones  and  tusks  being  found  all  burnt  to  coals.  The  account  of 
this  discovery  was  first  printed  in  the  Philadelphia  Presbyterian,  Jan.  12, 
1839,  and  copied  into  the  "American  Journal  of  Science  "  the  same  year. 
The  authenticity  of  the  incident  has  been  disputed,  on  the  assumed 
ground  that  man  did  not  exist  as  long  ago  as  when  the  mastodon  roamed 
over  these  pre-historic  plains ;  but  science  now  has  indisputable  evidence 
that  man  existed  even  in  the  Tertiary  age  of  the  geological  scale,  (see 
note  to  chart  in  chapter  on  Geology)  long  before  the  glacial  epoch;  hence 
that  objection  has  no  force  at  present. 

Dr.  Koch  further  reports  that  about  a  year  after  unearthing  the  Gas- 
conade county  monster,  he  again  found  in  the  bottom  land  of  the  Pom- 
me-de-Terre  river,  in  Benton  county,  a  nearly  complete  skeleton  of  the 
great  extinct  beast  called  Missourium,  with  arrow-heads  under  it  in  such 
a  way  as  to  show  beyond  question  that  they  were  made  and  used  while 
the  animal  was  alive.     This  skeleton  is  now  in  the  British  Museum.  * 

Human  footprints  have  been  found  in  the  rocks  at  De  Soto  in  Jefferson 
county,  also  in  Gasconade  county,  and  at  St.  Louis.  H.  R.  Schoolcraft, 
in  his  book  of  travels  in  the  Mississippi  river  country  in  1821,  said  of 
these  footprints:  "The  impressions  in  the  stone  are,  to  all  appearance, 
those  of  a  man  standing  in  an  erect  posture,  with  the  left  foot  a  little 
advanced,  and  the  heels  drawn  in.  The  distance  between  the  heels,  by 
accurate  measurement,  is  6^  inches  and  between  the  extremities  of  the 
toes  13^  inches.  The  length  of  these  tracks  is  10 J  inches;  across  the 
toes  4£  inches  as  spread  out,  and  but  2£  at  the  heel." 

Our  eminent  U.  S.  Senator,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  wrote  a  letter  April 
29th,  1822,  in  which  he  says:  "The  prints  of  the  human  feet  which  you 
mention,  I  have  seen  hundreds  of  times.  They  were  on  the  uncovered 
limestone  rock  in  front  of  the  town  of  St.  Louis.  The  prints  were  seen 
when  the  country  was  first  settled,  and  had  the  same  appearance  then  as 
now.  No  tradition  can  tell  anything  about  them.  They  look  as  old 
as  the  rock.     They  have  the  same  fine  polish  which  the  attrition   of  the 

*  Bee  Foster's  "  Pre-Historic  Races  of  the  United  States,"  pp.  6^-3-4-5-6. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  15 

sand  and  water  has  made  upon  the  rest  of  the  rock  which  is  exposed  to 
their  action.  I  have  examined  them  often  with  great  attention.  They 
are  not  handsome,  but  exquisitely  natural,  both  in  the  form  and  position. 
*  *  A  block  6  or  8  feet  long  and%5  or  4  feet  wide,  containing  the 
prints,  was  cut  out  by  Mr.  John  Jones,  in  St.  Louis,  and  sold  to  Mr. 
Rappe,  of  New  Harmony,  Indiana."* 

Prof.  G.  C.  Broadhead,  and  some  other  writers,  think  these  were  not 
natural  impression  of  human  feet,  but  sculptures  made  by  hand.  This 
theory  requires  a  belief  that  the  pre-historic  men  of  Missouri  had  tools 
with  which  they  could  cut  the  most  delicate  lines  in  hard  rocks;  and  that 
they  studied  the  human  form  in  its  finest  details  of  muscular  action  and 
attitude,  and  had  the  art  of  sculpturing  these  things  so  as  to  look  "  exqui- 
sitely natural"  as  Col.  Benton  expresses  it — thus  rivalling,  if  not  excelling 
the  most  famous  sculptors  of  ancient  Greece;  all  of  which  is  wholly  incon- 
sistent with  the  known  facts.  And  besides  this,  there  is  no  better  geolog- 
ical reason  for  doubting  their  genuineness  as  natural  footprints,  than  there 
is  in  the  case  of  the  famous  bird  and  reptile  tracks  in  the  sandstones  of 
Connecticut,  or  those  found  by  Prof.  Mudge  in  Kansas,  in  1873.  There 
is  no  valid  reason,  either  of  an  aesthetic,  historical,  or  scientific  nature,  for 
pronouncing  them  anything  but  just  what  they  show  themselves  to  be  — 
fossil  footprints  of  a  man  who  stood  in  the  mud  barefooted ;  and  in  course 
of  time  that  mud  became  solid  stone,  preserving  his  footprints  just  as  he 
left  their  exact  impression  in  the  plastic  material. 


THE   WHITE   RACE   IN    MISSOURI. 


8PANISH  AND  FRENCH  DISCOVERERS. 

In  1512  the  Spanish  adventurer  Ponce  de  Leon  discovered  Florida;  and 
at  this  time  and  for  some  years  after  the  old  countries  of  Europe  were  filled 
with  the  wildest  and  most  extravagant  stories  about  the  inexhaustible  mines 
of  gold,  silver  and  precious  stones  that  existed  in  the  country  north  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico ;  also  of  great  and  populous  cities  containing  fabulous  wealth, 
beyond  what  Pizarro  and  Cortes  had  found  in  Peru  and  Mexico.  And 
besides  all  this,  the  "fountain  of  perpetual  youth,"  which  all  Europe  had  gone 
crazy  after,  about  this  time,  was  supposed  to  be  in  that  region.  Indeed, 
it  can  hardly  be  doubted  that  the  Spaniards  in  Mexico  had  gathered  from 
the  natives  some  inkling  of  the  wonderful  healing  waters  now   known  as 

*  See  Smithsonian  Report,  1879,  pp.  357-58.  Also  "  American  Antiquities,"  by  Josian 
Priest,  1833,  pp.  1850-51-52. 


16  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  and  the  brilliant  quartz  crystals   found  in  that 
region,  as  well  as  the  glittering  ores  of  Missiouri. 

Ferdinand  de  Soto  was  a  wealthy  cavalier  who  had  won  fame  as  a 
leading  commander  in  Pizarro's  conquest  of  Peru;  he  imbibed  deeply  the 
current  imaginings  about  the  undiscovered  wonders  of  the  new  world, 
and  was  eager  to  immortalize  his  name  by  bringing  to  his  king  and  coun- 
try the  glory  of  still  more  important  conquests  and  discoveries;  and  he 
especially  desired  to  find  the  supposed  "  fountain  of  perpetual  youth." 
Accordingly,  in  1538  he  received  permission  from  the  king  of  Spain  to 
conquer  Florida  at  his  own  cost  — "  Florida "  then  meaning  all  the 
unknown  country  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  Northern  ocean.  He 
collected  a  band  of  more  than  six  hundred  young  bloods  who  were  able 
to  equip  themselves  in  all  the  gorgeous  trappings  and  splendor  of  a  Span- 
ish cavalier  dress  parade,  and  with  this  plumed  and  tinselled  troupe,  very 
like  the  grand  entree  riders  of  a  modern  circus,  he  landed  in  Tampa  Bay, 
Florida,  in  1539.  From  here  he  boldly  struck  out  into  the  interior,  wan- 
dering about  and  pushing  forward  with  dogged  perseverance,  in  spite  of 
bogs  and  streams  and  bluffs;  in  spite  of  tangling  thickets  and  dense  for- 
ests; in  spite  of  heats  and  rains;  in  spite  of  the  determined  hostility  of 
the  natives — until  in  May,  1541,  he  discovered  the  Great  River,  a  few 
miles  below  where  the  city  of  Memphis  now  stands;  and  thus  he  made 
his  name  memorable  for  all  time.  After  some  delay,  to  construct  boats, 
they  crossed  the  river  and  pushed  on  northward  as  far  as  where  the  city  of 
New  Madrid  now  stands ;  and  this  was  the  first  time  that  the  eyes  of  white 
men  looked  upon  any  portion  of  the  soil  now  comprised  within  the  State 
of  Missouri.*  But,  so  fruitless  was  this  visit  that  no  white  man  set  foot 
within  our  present  State  boundary  again  until  one  hundred  and  thirty-two 
years  afterward,  when  the  French  missionaries,  Marquette  and  Jcliet, 
came  from  the  great  lakes  down  the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi  rivers,  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  in  June,  1673.  This  was  the  first  time  white 
men  had  beheld  the  waters  of  this  great  stream,  and  they  named  it  Peki- 
tonom,  or  "  Muddy  Water  River ".  It  was  known  by  this  name  until 
about  1710  or  1712,  when  it  began  to  be  called  "  the  river  of  the  Mis- 
souris,"  referring  to  a  tribe  of  Indians  that  dwelt  at  its  mouth,  chiefly  on 
the  lands  now  comprised  in  St.  Louis  county.  Marquette  and  Joliet  went 
on  down  the  river  as  far  south  as  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas  river,  of  course 
making  several  camping  stops  on  Missouri  soil,  and  discovering  the  Ohio 
river.     From  the  Arkansas  they  returned  northward  the  same  way  they 

*  De  Soto  and  his  army  came  into  Missoari  Irom  the  south,  twice  crossing  the  Ozark 
mountains.  He  spent  the  winter  of  1541-42  in  Vernon  county,  in  the  extreme  western 
part  of  the  State.  Ruins  of  their  winter  camp  structures  and  smelting  operations  are  still 
found  there.  They  melted  lead  ore  for  silver,  and  the  glittering,  lustrous,  yellow,  zinc 
blende  or  Smithsonite  for  gold ;  but  were  deeply  disgusted  to  find  at  last  that  they  had 
been  handling  only  the  basest  metals. 


HISTORY  OF  THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI.  17 

came  down,  and  reached  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin,  again  in  September  of 
that  year  — 1673. 

The  next  visit  of  white  men  to  this  State  was  in  1682.  In  1678  the 
French  had  built  a  fort  with  a  missionary  station  a:id  trading  post,  near 
where  the  city  of  Peoria,  Ills.,  now  stands.  During  the  winter  of  1681 
-82,  Robert  de  la  Salle  made  preparations,  first  in  Canada,  and  then  at 
this  Illinois  fort,  to  explore  the  Mississippi  river  to  its  mouth.  He  left  the 
fort  with  a  company  of'  twenty  Frenchmen,  eighteen  Indian  men  and  ten 
squaws,  in  such  boats  and  canoes  as  he  could  provide.  They  rowed  down 
the  Illinois  river  and  reached  its  mouth  on  the  6th  of  February;  a  few 
days  were  spent  here  making  observations,  repairing  boats,  preparing 
food,  and  establishing  signals  that  they  had  been  there  and  taken  posses- 
sion of  the  land  in  the  name  of  their  great  king.  By  February  13th  La  Salle 
was  ready  to  push  on,  and  started  with  his  little  fleet  to  solve  the  great 
mystery  of  a  navigable  waterway  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Of  course  this 
expedition  passed  along  the  eastern  border  of  Missouri,  but  no  points  are 
mentioned  to  identify  any  landing  which  they  may  have  made  within  our 
State.  Early  in  April  La  Salle  accomplished  the  grand  object  of  his  ven- 
ture by  discovering  the. three  principal  mouths  of  the  Mississippi;  and  on 
the  nearest  firm  dry  land  he  could  find  from  the  mouth  he  set  up  a  col- 
umn bearing  the  cross  and  the  royal  arms  of  France,  while  the  whole 
company  performed  the  military  and  religious  rites  of  loyalty  to  their 
king  and  country — and  La  Salle  himself,  acting  as  chief  master  of  cere- 
monies, in  a  clear,  loud  voice  proclaimed  that  he  took  possession  of  all 
the  country  between  the  great  gulf  and  the  frozen  ocean,  "in  the  name  of 
the  most  high,  mighty  and  victorious  prince,  Louis  the  Great,  by  the 
grace  of  God  king  of  France  and  Navarre,  14th  of  the  name,  this  9th  day 
of  April,  1682."  In  honor  of  his  sovereign  he  named  the  whole  vast 
region  Louisiana — that  is,  Louis'  land,  and  named  the  river  itself  St. 
Louis.  And  thus  it  was  that  our  State  of  Missouri  first  became  a  part 
of  historic  Louisiana,  and  passed  under  the  nominal  ownership  and 
authority  of  France. 

The  next  historic  appearance  of  white  men  within  our  State  was  in 
1705.  The  French  settlers  in  this  vast  new  country  had  kept  themselves 
entirely  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  river;  but  during  this  year 
they  sent  an  exploring  party  up  the  Missouri  river  in  search  of  gold ;  it 
prospected  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Kansas  river,  where  Kansas  City 
now  stands,  without  finding  anything  valuable,  and  returned  disheartened 
and  disgusted.  On  September  14,  1712,  the  king  of  France,  Louis  XIV, 
gave  to  a  wealthy  French  merchant  named  Anthony  Crozat,  a  royal  patent 
of  "  all  the  country  drained  by  the  waters  emptying  directly  or  indirectly 
into  the  Mississippi,  which  is  all  included  in  the  boundaries  of  Louisiana." 
Crozat  appointed  his  business  partner,  M.  de  la  Motte,  governor,  and  he 
2 


18  HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

arrived  in  1713;  Kaskaskia,. Illinois,  was  then  the  provincial  headquarters, 
and  source  of  supplies  for  Upper  Louisiana,  which  was  also  sometimes 
called  Illinois;  but  New  Orleans  was  the  nominal  seat  of  government  for 
the  whole  Louisiana  territory.  The  old  town  of  Mine-la-Motte,  in  Mad- 
ison county,  commemorates  this  first  governor.  Crozat  expected  to  find 
inexhaustible  mines  of  gold  and  silver  in  this  territory,  and  spent  immense 
sums  of  money  in  vain  efforts  to  attain  his  object.  Practical  miners  were 
sent  every  where  that  the  natives  reported  any  glittering  substance  to  exist. 
The  explorers  found  iron,  zinc,  copper,  lead,  mica,  pyrites,  quartz  crystals, 
etc.,  in  great  abundance,  but  no  gold,  silver  or  diamonds;  and  after  five 
years  of  disastrous  failure  and  disappointment,  in  1717,  Crozat  returned  his 
luckless  charter  to  the  king. 

Next,  in  1716  an  adventurous  Scotchman  named  John  Law,  got  up  a 
grand  scheme  for  making  everybody  rich  without  work,  and  induced  the 
French  king  and  court  and  people  to  engage  in  it.  This  wild  financial 
venture  is  known  in  history  as  the  "  Mississippi  bubble,"  the  "  South  Sea 
bubble,"  etc.  The  charter  of  Louisiana  and  monopoly  of  all  its  trade  was 
given  to  a  corporation,  called  the  "  Company  of  the  West,"  whose  cap- 
ital stock  was  to  be  100,000,000  francs,  with  power  to  issue  stock  in  small 
shares,  and  establish  a  bank,  etc.  Shares  rose  to  twenty  times  their 
original  value,  and  the  bank's  notes,  though  essentially  worthless,  were 
in  circulation  to  the  amount  of  more  than  $200,000,000.  Law  himself 
sunk  $500,000  in  the  scheme;  but  it  bursted,  as  bodiless  as  a  bag  of  wind; 
while  he,  the  originator  and  manager  of  it,  had  to  escape  from  Paris  for 
his  life,  and  died  poor  at  Venice  in  1729.  In  1731  the  charter  of  Louis- 
iana was  again  returned  to  the  crown.  However,  the  excitement  over 
this  great  scheme  for  making  fabulous  wealth  out  of  nothing,  had 
brought  many  adventurous  Frenchmen  into  the  territory  as  gold-hunters, 
who  failing  in  that,  worked  some  of  the  lead  mines,  and  sent  their  pro- 
ducts back  to  Europe. 

In  1720  or  1721,  an  enterprising  Frenchman  named  Renault  took 
charge  of  a  large  lead  mining  enterprise.  He  brought  M.  La  Motte, 
who  was  a  professional  mineralogist,  with  about  two  hundred  expert 
miners  and  metallurgists,  and  five  hundred  negroes,  to  develop  the  mineral 
wealth  that  actually  did  exist.  He  made  his  headquarters  at  Fort  de  Char- 
tres,  on  the  Illinois  side,  ten  miles  above  St.  Genevieve,  and  sent  out  explor- 
ing and  working  parties  to  locate  mining  camps  west  of  the  Great  River. 
Mine-la-Motte,  in  Madison  county,  was  one  of  the  first  of  these  loca- 
tions; also  Potosi  and  Old  Mine  in  Washington  county;  and  many 
others.  In  1765  a  few  families  located  at  Potosi.  Much  of  the  mining 
was  surface  work — hence,  scattered  and  transitory;  and  their  smelting 
operations  were  merely  to  melt  the  ore  in  a  wood  fire  and  then  clear  away 
the   ashes   and   gather  up  the  lumps  of  lead.      This   was   carried  to 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  19 

the  river  on  pack-horses  or  on  rude  ox-carts,  and  thence  shipped  to  New 
Orleans  by  fleets  of  drifting  keel-boats,  which  returned  laden  with  for- 
eign goods.  Many  of  the  immigrants  of  this  period  also  engaged  in 
agriculture,  especially  in  Illinois,  so  that  there  really  began  to  be  a  settled 
occupation  of  the  country,  as  a  final  outcome  of  the  greatest  speculative 
delusion  known  to  history.  Lippincott's  Gazetteer  of  the  World  says: 
u  Fort  Orleans,  near  where  Jefferson  City  now  stands,  was  built  by  the 
French  in  1719";  this  was  a  temporary  safeguard  for  John  Law's  crazy 
gold-hunters,  but  did  not  make  a  permanent  settlement.  Kaskaskia,  now 
in  Randolph  county,  Ills.,  was  settled  by  the  French  in  1673,  and  was 
for  about  a  century  the  metropolis  of  the  vast  territory  sometimes  called 
"Upper  Louisiana,"  sometimes  "Illinois,"  and  sometimes  the  "Northwestern 
Territory."  And  in  1735  some  emigrants  from  Kaskaskia,  moved  across 
the  Great  River  and  made  a  settlement  at  what  is  now  St.  Genevieve, 
Missouri,  which  was  the  first  permanent  white  settlement  made  and 
maintained  within  the  State;  the  previous  adventurers  in  search  of  min- 
eral wealth  had  located  mining  camps  at  several  points,  but  had  not 
established  any  permanent  town  or  trading  post. 

The  next  settlement  that  can  be  historically  traced  to  its  origin  was 
that  of  St.  Louis.  A  Frenchman  named  Pierre  Liguest  Laclede,*  who 
lived  in  New  Orleans  in  1762,  organized  the  "Louisiana  Fur  Company," 
under  a  charter  from  the  director-general  of  the  province  of  Louisiana; 
this  charter  gave  them  the  exclusive  right  to  carry  on  the  fur  trade  with 
the  Indians  bordering  on  the  Missouri  river,  and  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
*'  as  far  north  as  the  river  St.  Peter"  (the  same  that  is  now  called  the  Min- 
nesota river,  and  empties  into  the  Mississippi  at  Fort  Snelling).  Laclede 
seems  to  have  formed  a  definite  plan  and  purpose  to  establish  a  permanent 
trading  post  at  some  point  in  Upper  Louisiana,  for  he  made  up  a  company 
of  professional  trappers,  hunters,  mechanics,  laborers,  and  boatmen,  and 
with  a  supply  of  goods  suitable  for  the  Indian  trade,  they  left  New 
Orleans  in  August,  1763,  bound  for  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  river. 
The  manner  of  navigating  these  boats  against  the  current  of  the  Missis- 
sippi for  a  distance  of  1,194  miles,  was  of  the  most  rude,  primitive  and 
laborious  sort.  Sometimes  when  the  wind  was  favorable  they  could  sail 
a  little;  but  the  main  dependence  was  by  means  of  push-poles  and  tow- 
ropes.  The  boats  were  long  and  narrow,  with  a  plank  projecting  six  or 
eight  inches  on  each  side.  The  boat  would  of  course  keep  near  the  shore; 
a  man  at  each  side,  near  the  bow  of  the  boat,  would  set  his  pole  on  the 
river  bottom,  then  brace  his  shoulder  against  the  top  of  the  pole  with 

*  Campbell's  Gazetteer  of  Missouri  says  this  man's  family  name  was  Liguest;  B. 
Gratz  Brown  gives  it  in  Johnson's  Cyclopedia  as  Lingueste;  but  the  man  himself  appears 
to  have  written  his  name  Laclede,  of  the  firm  of  Laclede,  Moxan  &  Co.,  who  constituted 
the  historic  "Louisiana  Fur  Company." 


20  HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

all  his  might,  and  as  the  boat  moved  under  him  he  would  walk  along 
the  narrow  plank  until  he  reached  the  stern,  and  the  boat  had  thus  been 
propelled  forward  the  distance  of  its  length ;  then  he  would  walk  back 
to  the  bow,  dragging  his  pole  along  in  the  water,  set  it  on  the  bottom 
and  push  again  as  before.  And  thus  it  was  that  the  rugged  pioneers  of 
civilization  in  the  new  world  for  more  that  a  hundred  years  navigated 
the  Mississippi,  Ohio,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  some  other  rivers, 
with  what  were  in  later  years  called  keel-boats.  But  sometimes,  for  a 
rest,  or  when  the  beach  was  favorable,  a  gang  of  men  would  go  ashore 
with  a  long  rope  attached  to  the  boat,  and  thus  tow  it  along  against  the 
current,  or  they  would  tie  the  forward  end  to  a  tree  or  snag  and  let  those 
on  the  boat  pull  in  the  rope  and  thus  draw  the  boat  along — meanwhile 
those  on  shore  going  ahead  with  another  rope,  making  another  tie — and 
so  on;  this  was  called  "warping";  but  when  it  was  necessary  to  cross 
the  stream  they  had  recourse  to  oars  or  paddles.  It  took  Laclede  three 
months  in  this  way  to  get  from  New  Orleans  up  to  St.  Genevieve,  or 
Fort  de  Chartres,  the  military  post  on  the  east  side  a  few  miles  further  up 
the  river,  where  he  arrived  on  the  third  of  November.  Here  he  left  his 
goods  and  part  of  his  company,  but  taking  a  few  picked  men,  he  himself 
pushed  on  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  He  seems  to  have  had  a  sort  of 
prophetic  forecast  that  this  was  the  right  spot  to  locate  the  future  trading 
post  for  all  that  vast  region  of  country  which  was  drained  by  the  two  prin- 
cipal great  rivers  of  the  new  world.  At  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  he 
found  no  site  that  suited,  him  for  a  town,  and  he  turned  back  down  the 
Mississippi,  carefully  exploring  the  west  bank  until  he  reached  the  high, 
well  protected  and  well  drained  location  where  the  city  of  St.  Louis  now 
stands.  This  was  the  nearest  spot  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  which 
at  all  met  his  idea,  and  he  began  at  once  to  mark  the  place  by  chopping 
notches  in  some  of  the  principal  trees.  This  was  in  December,  1763. 
He  then  returned  to  the  fort  and  pushed  on  his  preparations  for  the  new 
settlement,  saying  enthusiastically  to  the  officers  of  the  fort  that  he  had 
"found  a  situation  where  he  was  going  to  plant  his  colony;  and  the  site 
was  so  fine,  and  had  so  many  advantages  of  position  for  trade  with  all 
this  region  of  country,  that  it  might  in  time  become  one  of  the  finest  cities 
in  America." 

Early  in  February,  1764,  a  company  of  thirty  men,  in  charge  of 
Auguste  Chouteau,  set  out  from  Fort  de  Chartres  and  arrived  at  the 
chosen  spot  on  the  14th.  The  next  day  all  hands  went  to  work  clearing 
the  ground  and  building  a  storehouse  for  the  goods  and  tools,  and  cabins 
for  their  own  habitation.  In  April  Laclede  himself  joined  them  and  pro- 
ceeded to  lay  out  the  village  plat,  select  a  site  for  his  own  residence,  and 
name  the  town  Saint  Louis,  in  honor  of  his  supposed  sovereign,  Louis  XV. 
This  very  territory  had   been  yielded  up  to  Spain  in  1762,  but  these  loyal 


HISTORY  OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  21 

Frenchmen  in  naming  their  new  town  after  the  French  king  never 
dreamed  that  they  were  then  and  for  nearly  two  years  had  been  Spanish 
subjects,  instead  of  French;  the  unwelcome  news  had  reached  New 
Orleans  in  the  same  month,  April,  but  did  not  arrive  at  St.  Louis  until  late 
in  the  year;  and  when  it  came  the  inhabitants  were  appropriately  wroth 
and  indignant,  for  they  hated  Spain  with  a  fighting  hatred.  However,  the 
change  made  very  little  practical  difference  to  the  town  or  its  people.  In 
1763  all  the  French  possessions  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  river, 
and  also  Canada,  had  been  ceded  to  England,  but  it  was  late  in  1764 
before  the  English  authorities  arrived  to  take  possession  of  Kaskaskia,  or 
Fort  de  Chartres,  and  other  military  posts;  and  when  they  did  come, 
many  of  the  French  settlers  moved  over  to  St.  Louis,  giving  it  a  consid- 
erable start,  both  in  population  and  business.  The  Indians,  too,  being 
generally  more  friendly  toward  the  French  than  the  English,  came  over 
to  St.  Louis  to  trade  their  peltries,  instead  of  going  to  Kaskaskia,  as  they 
had  formerly  done;  and  this  fact  gave  the  new  town  a  powerful  impulse. 
From  this  time  forward  new  settlements  began  to  spring  up  within  our 
present  boundaries.  New  Bourbon  was  settled  in  1789.  In  1762  a 
hunter  named  Blanchette  built  a  cabin  where  the  city  of  St.  Charles  now 
stands,  and  lived  there  many  years;  but  just  when  the  place  began  to  be 
a  town  or  village  does  not  appear  to  be  known.  However,  in  1803,  St. 
Charles  county  was  organized,  and  then  comprised  all  the  territory  lying 
north  of  the  Missouri  and  west  of  the  Mississippi;  thus  taking  in  all  of 
north  Missouri,  and  the  entire  States  of  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Dakota,  and  on 
west  to  the  Pacific  ocean.  This  was  the  largest  single  "  county "  ever 
known  in  the  world,  and  St.  Charles  city  was  the  county  seat. 

In  1781  the  Delaware  Indians  had  a  considerable  town  where  New 
Madrid  now  stands ;  and  that  year  Mr.  Curre,  a  fur  trader  of  St.  Louis, 
established  a  branch  house  here.  In  1788  a  colony  from  New  Jersey 
settied  here,  and  laid  out  a  plat  for  a  large  city,  giving  it  the  name  of  New 
Madrid,  in  honor  of  the  capital  of  Spain.  But  they  never  realized  their 
high  hopes  of  building  up  a  splendid  city  there. 

Among  the  historic  incidents  of  early  settlement  worthy  of  mention  at 
this  point,  is  the  case  of  Daniel  Boone,  whose  hunter  life  in  Kentucky 
forms  a  staple  part  of  American  pioneer  history.  Boone  came  to  this 
territory  in  1797,  renounced  his  citizenship  in  the  United  States,  and  took 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Spanish  crown.  Delassus  was  then  the 
Spanish  governor;  and  he  appointed  Boone  commander  of  a  fort  at 
Femme  Osage,  now  in  the  west  part  of  St.  Charles  county.  He  roamed 
and  hunted  over  the  central  regions  of  Missouri  the  rest  of  his  life,  and  it 
was  for  a  long  period  called  the  "  Boone's  Lick  country,"  from  some  salt 
licks  or  springs  which  he  discovered  and  his  sons  worked,  and  which 
were  choice  hunting  grounds  because  deer  and  other  animals  came  there 


22  HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

to  lick  salt.  Col.  Boone  died  Sept.  26,  1820,  in  St.  Charles  county,  but 
was  buried  in  Marthasville  in  Warren  county,  as  was  his  wife  also. 
Their  bones  were  subsequently  removed  to  Frankfort,  Kentucky. 

THE  AMERICAN  PERIOD. 

In  1801  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  was  ceded  back  to  France 
by  Spain;  in  1803  President  Jefferson  purchased  from  the  French 
Emperor  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  the  entire  territory  of  Louisiana,  for  $15,- 
000,000;  the  formal  transfer  was  made  at  New  Orleans,  December  20, 
1803.  On  the  26th  of  March,  1804,  Congress  passed  an  act  dividing  this 
vast  accession  into  two  parts,  the  lower  one  being  named  the  "Terri- 
tory of  Orleans,"  with  its  capital  at  New  Orleans ;  the  upper  division 
was  called  the  "  District  of  Louisiana,"  with  its  capital  at  St.  Louis. 
This  latter  district  comprised  the  present  State  of  Arkansas  and  all  from 
that  north  to  nearly  the  north  line  of  Minnesota,  and  west  trom  the  Mis- 
sissippi river  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Don  Carlos  Dehault  Delassus 
had  been  the  last  Spanish  governor  at  St.  Louis,  and  no  change  was 
made  after  its  re-cession  to  France,  until  in  March,  1804,  when  he  delivered 
the  keys  and  the  public  documents  of  his  governorship  to  Capt.  Amos 
Stoddard,  of  the  United  States  army,  who  immediately  raised  the  first 
American  flag  that  ever  floated  west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  over  the 
government  buildings  at  St.  Louis.  There  it  has  floated  proudly  and 
uninterruptedly  ever  since,  and  there  it  will  float  until  St.  Louis  becomes 
the  central  metropolis  and  seat  of  empire  of  the  entire  North  American 
continent. 

It  should  be  mentioned  here  that  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution 
did  not  involve  any  military  operations  as  far  west  as  the  Mississippi  river; 
hence  the  little  French  fur-trading  village  of  St.  Louis  was  not  affected 
by  the  clash  of  arms  which  was  raging  so  desperately  through  all  the 
States  east  of  the  Ohio  river.  But  the  success  of  the  colonies  in  this 
unequal  conflict  gave  them  control  of  all  south  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence 
and  the  great  lakes,  as  far  west  as  the  Mississippi  river;  and  when  Napo- 
leon had  sold  to  the  new  republic  the  extensive  French  possessions  west 
of  the  Mississippi,  he  remarked  that  this  accession  of  territory  and  con- 
trol of  both  banks  of  the  Mississippi  river  would  forever  strengthen  the 
power  of  the  United  States;  and  said  he,  with  keen  satisfaction,  "I  have 
given  England  a  maritime  rival  that  will  sooner  or  later  humble  her 
pride." 

On  the  3d  of  March,  1805,  Congress  passed  at  act  to  organize  the 
Territory  of  Louisiana;  and  President  Jefferson  then  appointed  as  territo- 
rial governor,  Gen.  James  Wilkinson;  secretary,  Frederick  Bates;  judges, 
Return  J.   Meigs   and  John    B.    Lucas.      Thus  civil  matters  went  on, 


HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  23 

and  business  increased  rapidly.  When  the  United  States  took  pos- 
session of  this  district  or  territory  it  was  reputed  to  contain  nine  thous- 
and white  inhabitants  and  about  three  thousand  negroes.  The  first  cen- 
sus of  St.  Louis  was  taken  in  1799,  and  it  then  had  897  inhabitants. 
This  is  presumed  to  have  included  the  village  of  Carondelet  also,  which 
was  started  as  a  rival  town  soon  after  the  founding  of  St.  Louis. 

In  June,  1812,  Congress  passed  another  act  with  regard  to  this  new 
country,  and  this  time  it  was  named  the  Territory  of  Missouri,  instead  of 
Louisiana.  The  President  was  to  appoint  a  governor;  the  people  were 
to  elect  representatives  in  the  ratio  of  one  for  every  five  hundred  white 
male  inhabitants;  this  legislative  body  or  lower  house,  was  to  nominate 
to  the  President  eighteen  of  their  own  citizens,  and  from  those  he  was  to 
select  and  commission  nine  to  form  a  senate  or  legislative  council.  The 
house  of  representatives  was  to  consist  of  thirteen  members  at  first;  they 
were  to  hold  their  office  two  years,  and  must  hold  at  least  one  legislative 
session  at  Saint  Louis  each  year.  The  territory  was  also  authorized  to 
send  one  delegate  to  Congress. 

In  October,  1812,  the  first  territorial  election  was  held,  and  these  peo- 
ple experienced  for  the  first  time  in  their  lives  the  American  privilege  of 
choosing  their  own  law-makers.  There  were  four  candidates  for  Con- 
gress, and  Edward  Hempstead  was  elected.  He  served  two  years  from 
December  7th,  1812;  then  Rufus  Easton  served  two  years;  then  John 
Scott  two  years;  Mr.  Easton  was  one  of  the  four  candidates  at  the  first 
election ;  and  Mr.  Scott  was  one  of  the  members  from  St.  Genevieve  of 
the  first  legislative  council.  The  first  body  of  representatives  met  at  the 
house  of  Joseph  Robidoux,in  St.  Louis,  on  December  7th,  and  consisted 
of  the  following  members: 

From  St.  Charles  — John  Pitman,  Robert  Spencer. 

St.  Louis — David  Musick,  B.  J.  Farrar,  Wm.  C.  Carr,  Richard  Caulk. 

St.  Genevieve —  George  Bullet,  R.  S.  Thomas,  Isaac  McGready. 

Cafe  Girardeau — G.  F.  Ballinger,  Spencer  Byrd. 

New  Madrid — John  Shrader,  Samuel  Phillips. 

They  were  sworn  into  office  by  Judge  Lucas.  Wm.  C.  Carr  of  St. 
Louis,  was  elected  speaker.  The  principal  business  of  this  assembly  was 
to  nominate  the  eighteen  men  from  whom  the  President  and  U.  S.  Sen- 
ate should  select  nine  to  constitute  the  legislative  council;  they  made  their 
nominations  and  sent  them  on  to  Washington,  but  it  was  not  known  until 
the  next  June  who  were  selected.  June  3d,  1813,  the  secretary  and  acting 
governor,  Frederick  Bates,  issued  a  proclamation  declaring  who  had  been 
chosen  by  the  President  as  the  council  of  nine,  and  the)'-  were  — 

From  St.  Charles — James  Flaugherty,  Benj.  Emmons. 

St.  Louis — Auguste  Chouteau,  Sr.,  Samuel  Hammond. 

St.  Genevieve — John  Scott,  James  Maxwell. 


24  HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

Cafe  Girardeau — Wm.  Neely,  Joseph  Cavener. 

New  Madrid — Joseph  Hunter. 

In  July  of  this  year  the  newly  appointed  governor,  Wm.  Clarke,  took 
his  seat,  and  held  it  until  Missouri  became  a  State  in  1820.* 

December,  1813,  the  second  session  of  the  territorial  legislature  was 
convened  in  St.  Louis,  and  continued  until  January  19,  1814.  This  year 
the  second  territorial  election  occurred,  and  the  new  general  assembly 
met  December  5,  this  being  the  third  sitting  of  the  territorial  legisla- 
ture. The  fourth  commenced  in  November,  1S15,  and  continued  until 
about  the  last  of  January,  1816.  And  it  was  during  this  session  that  the 
common  law  of  England,  and  her  general  statutes  passed  prior  to  the 
fourth  year  of  James  I,  were  adopted  as  the  laws  of  Missouri,  except 
such  changes  as  were  necessary  to  phrase  them  for  the  United  States 
and  its  system  of  government,  instead  of  England. 

April  29,  1816,  Congress  again  legislated  for  this  territory,  and  pro- 
vided that  the  legislative  council  or  senate  should  be  elected  by  the  peo- 
ple instead  of  being  appointed  by  the  President;  that  the  legislature 
should  meet  biennially  instead  of  annually;  and  that  the  U.  S.  judges 
should  be  required  to  hold  regular  terms  of  circuit  court  in  each  county. 
The  fifth  legislative  session  (being  the  first  under  this  act)  met  the  first 
week  in  December  of  this  year,  and  continued  until  February  1,  1817. 
Then  there  was  no  further  legislation  until  the  regular  biennial  session 
which  met  about  December  first,  1818.  But  during  1817,  Henry  S. 
Gayer,  Esq.,  compiled  a  digest  of  all  the  laws,  including  those  of  French, 
Spanish,  English  and  American  origin,  which  were  still  in  force  in  this 
territory.  This  was  a  very  important  work,  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
there  were  land  titles  and  instances  of  property  inheritance  deriving 
their  legal  verity  from  these  different  sources;  and  it  was  now  desirable 
to  get  all  titles  and  vestitures  clearly  set  upon  an  American  basis  of  law 
and  equity.  The  next  or  sixth  session  of  the  legislature  continued 
through  December,  1818,  and  January,  1819;  and  the  most  important  thing 
done  was  applying  to  Congress  for  Missouri  to  be  admitted  as  a  State. 
John  Scott,  of  St.  Genevieve  county,  was  then  the  territorial  delegate  in 
Congress,  and  presented  the  application.  A  bill  was  introduced  to 
authorize  the  people  of  Missouri  to  elect  delegates  to  a  convention  which 
should  frame  a  State  constitution.  The  population  of  Missouri  territory 
at  this  time  (or  when  the  first  census  was  taken,  in  1821,)  consisted 
of  59,393  free  white  inhabitants  and  11,254  slaves.  A  member  of 
Congress  from  New  York,  Mr.  Talmadge,  offered  an  amendment  to  the 
proposed  bill,  providing  that  slavery  should  be  excluded  from  the  proposed 
new  State.     This  gave  rise  to  hot  and   angry  debate  for   nearly  two 

*  Gov.  Clarke  died  Sept.  31,  1838,  at  St.  Louis. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  25 

years,  and  which  at  times  seemed  to  threaten  an  immediate  dissolution  of 
the  National  Union.  But  the  strife  was  finally  quieted  by  the  adoption  in 
Congress  on  March  6,  1820,  of  what  is  famous  in  history  as  the  "  Mis- 
souri Compromise,"  by  which  it  was  agreed  that  Missouri  might  come 
into  the  Union  as  a  slave-holding  State ;  but  that  slavery  should  never  be 
established  in  any  State  which  might  thereafter  be  formed  from  lands 
lying  north  of  latitude  36  deg.  30  min.  The  elections  were  held  for  dele- 
gates, the  constitutional  convention  met  at  St.  Louis,  accepted  the  terms 
of  admission  prescribed  by  Congress,  and  on  July  19th,  1820,  Missouri 
took  her  place  as  one  of  the  sovereign  States  of  the  National  Union. 


MISSOURI  AS   A  STATE. 


July  19,  1820,  Missouri  laid  off  the  vestments  of  territorial  tutelage  and 
put  on  the  matronly  robes  of  mature  statehood,  as  the  constitutional  conven- 
tion was  authorized  to  frame  the  organic  law  and  give  it  immediate  force 
without  submitting  it  to  a  vote  of  the  people,  and  this  constitution  stood 
in  force  without  any  material  change  until  the  free  State  constitution  of 
1865  was  adopted.  The  first  general  election  under  the  constitution  was 
held  in  August,  1820,  at  which  time  Alexander  McNair  was  chosed  gov- 
ernor and  John  Scott  representative  in  Congress.  Members  of  legisla- 
ture had  been  chosen  at  the  same  time,  comprising  fourteen  senators  and 
forty  three  representatives;  and  this  first  general  assembly  of  the  State 
convened  in  St.  Louis  in  the  latter  part  of  September.  The  principal 
thing  of  historic  interest  done  by  this  assembly  was  the  election  to  the 
United  States  Senate  of  Thomas  H.  Benton,  who  continued  there  unin- 
terruptedly until  1851,  a  period  of  thirty  years,  and  was  then  elected  in 
1852  as  representative  in  Congress  from  the  St.  Louis  district.  The 
other  senator  elected  at  this  time  was  David  Barton,  who  drew  the  "short 
term,"  and  was  re-elected  in  1824. 

EPITOMIZED  SUMMARY  OF  EVENTS  AND  DATES. 

Application  made  to  Congress  for  a  state  government  March  16, 
1818,  and  December  18,  1818. —  A  bill  to  admit  was  defeated  in  Congress, 
which  was  introduced  February  15, 1819. —  Application  made  to  Congress 
for  an  enabling  act,  December  29,  1819. —  Enabling  act  (known  as  the 
Missouri  Compromise}  passed  by  Congress  March  6,  1820. —  First  state 
constitution  formed  July  19,  1820. —  Resolution  to  admit  as  a  state  passed 
Senate  December  12,  1820;  rejected  by  the  House  February  14,  1821. — 


26 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 


Conditional  resolution  to  admit  approved  March  2,  1821. —  Condition 
accepted  by  the  legislature  of  Missouri  and  approved  by  governor,  June 
26,  1821. —  By  proclamation  of  the  President,  admitted  as  a  state  August 
10,  1821. 

The  State  capital  was  first  at  St.  Louis;  then  at  St.  Charles  about  five 
years;  but  on  October  1st,  1826,  it  was  moved  to  Jefferson  City,  and 
has  remained  there  ever  since. 

COUNTIES  AND  POPULATION. 

The  first  census  of  the  State  was  taken  in  September,  1821,  and  showed 
the  population  by  counties  as  follows: 


Boone  county 3,692 

Calloway 1,797 

Cape  Girardeau 7,852 

Chariton 1,426 

Cole 1,028 

Cooper 3,483 

Franklin 1,928 

Gasconade 1,174 

Howard 7,321 

Jefferson 1,838 

Lillard  (afterward  called  La- 
fayette)...v 1,340 

Lincoln 1,674 


Marion 1,907 

Montgomery 2,032 

New  Madrid 2,444 

Perry 1,599 

Pike 2,677 

Ralls 1,684 

Ray 1,789* 

Saline 1,176 

St.  Charles 4,058 

St.  Genevieve 3,181 

St.  Louis 8,190- 

Washington 3,741 

Wayne 1,614 


The  total  was  70,647,  of  which  mumber  11,254  were  negro  slaves. 
The  area  of  the  State  at  this  time  comprised  62,182  square  miles;  but  in 
1837  the  western  boundary  was  extended  by  authority  of  Congress,  to 
include  what  was  called  the  "  Platte  Purchase,"  an  additional  area  of 
3,168  square  miles,  which  is  now  divided  into  the  counties  of  Platte, 
Buchanan,  Andrew,  Holt,  Nodaway  and  Atchison.  This  territory  was 
an  Indian  reservation  until  1836. 

The  last  census  was  taken  in  June,  1880,  when  the  state  had  an  area  of 
65,350  square  miles,  divided  into  one  hundred  and  fourteen  counties,  with 
populations  as  follows: 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  27 

CENSUS  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  FOR  THE  YEAR  1880. 

Counties.  Total. 

Adair 15,190 

Andrew 16.318 

Atchison 14,565 

Audrain 19.739 

Barry 14,424 

Barton 10,332 

Bates 25,382 

Benton: 12,398 

Bollinger 11,132 

Boone 25.424 

Buchanan 49,824 

Butler '. 6,011 

Coldwell 13,654 

Calloway 23,670 

Camden 7,267 

Cape  Girardeau 20,998 

Carrroll 23,300 

Carter 2,168 

Cass 22.431 

Cedar 10,747 

Chariton 25,224 

Christian 9,632 

Clark 15,031 

Clay 15.579 

Clinton 16.073 

Cole 15,519 

Cooper 21.622 

Crawford 10,763 

Dade 12.557 

Dallas 9,272 

Daviess 1  9,174 

DeKalb 13,343 

Dent 10.647 

Douglass 7,753 

Dunklin 9,604 

Franklin 26.536 

Gasconade 11,153 

Gentry 17,188 

Greene 28,817 

Grundy 15,201 

Harrison 20.318 

Henry 23,914 

Hickory 7.388 

Holt 15.510 

Howard 18,428 

Howell 8,814 

Iron 8.183 

Jackson 82.328 

Jasper 32,021 

Jefferson 18,736 

Johnson 28  177 

Knox 13^047 

Laclede 11,524 

Lafayette 25,731 

Lawrence 17,585 

Lewis 15,925 

Lincoln 17.443 

Linn 20016 

Livingston 20,205 

McDonald 7,816 

Macon. ..." 26,223 

Madison 8,860 

Maries 7.304 

Marion 24,837 


Male. 

Female. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Wh'te. 

Cord. 

7,915 

7,275 

14,719 

471 

14.964 

226 

8,387 

7,931 

15,432 

880 

15.950 

368 

7,936 

6,629 

13,538 

1,027 

14.524 

41 

10,417 

9,322 

18,982 

757 

17,896 

1,843 

7,311 

7.113 

13,975 

449 

14.413 

11 

5,425 

4.907 

10,086 

240 

10.316 

16 

13,630 

11,752 

24,674 

708 

25,135 

247 

6,357 

6.041 

11,438 

960 

12,127 

271 

5,698 

5434 

10.766 

366 

11,108 

24 

12,928 

12,496 

25,084 

340 

20,397 

5,027 

27,045 

22,779 

42,920 

6,904 

46,093 

3,731 

3.221 

2,790 

5,848 

103 

5,871 

140 

7,060 

6,594 

13,023 

631 

13,241 

413 

12,280 

11,390 

23.064 

600 

19,268 

4,402 

3,756 

3.511 

7,166 

101 

7,152 

115 

10,812 

10  186 

18,612 

2,386 

19.004 

1,994 

12,298 

11,002 

22,359 

941 

21.827 

1,473 

1,138 

1,030 

2,154 

14 

2.157 

11 

11,884 

10.547 

21,830 

601 

21,681 

750 

5,479 

5,268 

10,659 

88 

10,601 

146 

13,145 

12,079 

23,916 

1,308 

21,266 

3,958 

4.871 

4,761 

9,425 

207 

9,435 

197 

7,717 

7,314 

14.283 

748 

14,723 

308 

8,138 

7,441 

15,136 

443 

14.066 

1,513 

8.310 

7  763 

15,375 

698 

15,098 

975 

8,437 

7,082 

13,369 

2,150 

13.648 

1,871 

11.085 

10,537 

20.057 

1,565 

18,120 

3,502 

5.586 

5177 

10,197 

566 

10,640 

123 

6.415 

6.142 

12,463 

94 

12,310 

247 

4,671 

4,601 

9,189 

83 

9,184 

88 

9.983 

9,191 

18,794 

380 

18,723 

451 

7,008 

6,335 

12.723 

620 

13216 

127 

5,635 

5,012 

10.365 

282 

10,580 

61 

3.891 

3,862 

7,732 

21 

7.727 

26 

5,161 

4.443 

9.569 

35 

9,436 

168 

13.885 

12.651 

22,101 

4,435 

24,469 

2,067 

5,824 

5,329 

8,435 

2,718 

10,988 

165 

8,947 

8,241 

16,712 

476 

17,160 

28 

14.649 

14,168 

28,010 

807 

26,009 

2,808 

7.762 

7.439 

14,662 

539 

14,997 

204 

10,518 

9,800 

19.824 

494 

20,245 

73 

12.301 

11,613 

23.096 

818 

22.925 

989 

3,775 

3.613 

7,169 

219 

7,338 

50 

8,291 

7,219 

14.621 

889 

15,285 

225 

9,554 

8.874 

17,955 

473 

13,195 

5,233 

4495 

4.319 

8,736 

78 

8,723 

91 

4,232 

3,951 

7,592 

591 

7,783 

400 

45,891 

36,437 

71,653 

10,675 

72,445 

9,883 

16.763 

15,258 

30,686 

1,335 

31.249 

772 

9,873 

8,863 

15,755 

2,981 

17,731 

1,005 

14,797 

13,380 

27.231 

946 

26.164 

2,013 

6,774 

6.273 

12,341 

7TX5 

12,819 

228 

5,889 

5,635 

11,145 

379 

11,048 

476 

13.370 

12,361 

23,679 

2.052 

21,313 

4,418 

8,990 

8,595 

16,835 

750 

17,284 

301 

8.157 

7,768 

15,080 

845 

14,520 

1,405 

9,010 

8,433 

16.606 

837 

15,299 

2,144 

10,349 

9,667 

18,823 

1,193 

19,184 

832 

10,365 

9,840 

18,952 

1,253 

19,062 

1,143 

4.101 

3,715 

7,777 

39 

7,804 

12 

13,449 

12,774 

24,383 

1,840 

24,726 

1,497 

4463 

4,397 

8,506 

354 

8,552 

308 

3,806 

3,498 

6,974 

330 

7,292 

12 

12,622 

12,215 

22,828 

2,009 

21,123 

3,714 

.28 


HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 


CENSUS  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  FOR  THE  YEAR  1880.— Continued. 


Counties.  Total. 

Mercer 14,674 

Miller 9,807 

Mississippi 9,270 

Moniteau 14,349 

Monroe 19,075 

Montgomery .- 16,250 

Morgan 10,134 

New  Madrid 7,694 

Newton 18,948 

Nodaway 29,560 

Oregon 5,791 

Osage 11,824 

Ozark 5,618 

Pemiscot 4,299 

Perry 11,895 

Pettis 27,285 

Phelps 12,565 

Pike 26,716 

Platte 17,372 

Polk 15,745 

Pulaski 7,250 

Putnam 13,556 

Ralls 11,838 

Randolph ■ 22,751 

Ray 20,193 

Reynolds 5,722 

Ripley 5,377 

St.  Charles 23,060 

St.  Clair 14,126 

St.  Francois 13,822 

St.  Genevieve 10,390 

St.  Louis 31,888 

Saint  Louis  (City) 350,522 

Saline 29,912 

Schuyler 10,470 

Scotland 12,507 

Scott 8,587 

Shannon    3,441 

Shelby 14,024 

Stoddard  . . . . :   13,432 

Stone 4,405 

Sullivan 16,569 

Taney 5,605 

Texas 12,207 

Vernon 19,370 

Warren 10,806 

Washington 12,895 

Wayne 9,097 

Webster. 12,175 

Worth 8,208 

Wright 9,733 


Male.       Female.     Native.     Foreign.      White.        Col'd. 


7,510 
5,070 
5,131 
7,257 
9,942 
8,383 
5,182 
4,145 
9,767 

15,669 
2,995 
6,201 
2,920 
2,300 
6,120 

14,150 
6,478 

13,645 
9,055 
7,886 
3,719 
6,953 
6,162 

11,830 

10,637 
2,901 
2,803 

12,097 
7,243 
7,246 
5,338 

16,988 
179,484 

15,619 
5.334 
6,398 
4,631 
1,742 
7,126 
6,924 
2,327 
8,589 
2,900 
6,223 

10,184 
5,743 
6,457 
4,764 
6,201 
4,220 
4,903 


7,164 
4,737 
4,139 
7,092 
9,133 
7,867 
4,952 
3,549 
9,181 

13,891 
2,796 
5,623 
2,698 
1,999 
5,775 

13,135 
6,087 

13,071 
8,317 
7,859 
3,531 
6,603 
5,676 

10,921 
9,556 
2,821 
2,574 

10,963 

•     6,883 

6,576 

5,052 

14,900 
171,038 

14,293 
5,136 
6,109 
3,956 
1,699 
6,898 
6,508 
2,078 
7,980 
2,705 
5,984 
9,186 
5,063 
6,438 
4,333 
5,974 
3,988 
4,830 


14,486 

188 

14,573 

101 

9,561 

246 

9,577 

230 

9.020 

250 

7,129 

2,141 

13,177 

1,172 

13,376 

973 

18,739 

336 

16,925 

2,150 

15,304 

946 

14,334 

1,916 

7,399 

735 

9,719 

415 

7,587 

107 

5,813 

1,881 

18,324 

624 

18,345 

603 

27,936 

1,624 

29,447 

113 

5,772 

19 

5,772 

19 

9,848 

1,976 

11,422 

402 

5,602 

16 

5,604 

14 

4,267 

32 

4,033 

266 

10,588 

1,307 

11,424 

471 

25,428 

1,857 

24,278 

3,007 

11,729 

836 

12,059 

506 

25,888 

828 

21,340 

5,376 

16,645 

727 

15,754 

1,618 

15,649 

96 

15,459 

286 

6,987 

263 

7,190 

60 

13,333 

223 

13,536 

20 

11,452 

386 

10,625 

1,213 

21,302 

1,449 

19,937 

2,814 

19,765 

428 

18,472 

1,721 

5,679 

43 

5,708 

14 

5,277 

100 

5,367 

10 

18,774 

4,286 

20,650 

2,410 

13,839 

287 

13.817 

309 

12,739 

1,083 

13,169 

653 

9,296 

1,094 

9,833 

557 

25,299 

6,589 

28,009 

3,879 

245,528 

104,994 

328,232 

22,290 

28,657 

1,255 

24,987 

4,925 

10,132 

338 

10,461 

9 

12,238 

269 

12,378 

129 

7,972 

615 

8,036 

551 

3,430 

11 

3,441 

— 

13,320 

567 

13,087 

937 

13,320 

112 

13,399 

33 

4,395 

10 

4,377 

28 

16,202 

367 

16,487 

82 

5,586 

19 

5,601 

4 

12,013 

194 

12,178 

29 

18,900 

470 

19,268 

102 

8,917 

1,889 

9,852 

954 

12,478 

417 

11,857 

1,038 

8,925 

172 

8,990 

107 

12,044 

131 

11,928 

247 

8,031 

177 

8,207 

1 

9,559 

174 

9,471 

262 

The  classification  footings  of  the  census  of  1880  show: 


Males....  •• 1,127,424 

Native  born 1,957,564 

White 2,023,568 


Females 1,041,380 

Foreign  born 211,240 

Colored* 145,236 


Total  population  in  June,  1880,  2,168,804. 


*This  includes  92  Chinese,  2  half-Chinese,  and  96  Indians  and  half-breeds. 


HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI.  29 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  Missouri  at  each  Federal 
census  from  1810  to  1880: 

Tears.  White. 

1810 17,227 

1820 55,988 

1830 114,795 

1840 323,888 

1850 592,004 

1860 1,063,489 

1870 1,603,146 

1880 2,023,568 


Free 
Colored. 

Slaves. 

Total  Popu- 
lation. 

607 
376 

3,011 
10,222 

20,845 
66,586 

569 
1,574 

25,091 
58,240 

140,455 
383,702 

2,618 

3,572 

118,071 

145,236 

87,422 
114,931 

682,044 
1,182,012 
1,721,295 
2,168,804 

STATE  FINANCES. 


THE   STATE  DEBT. 

The  bonded  indebtedness  of  Missouri  has  various  periods  to  run.  The 
following  table  is  compiled  from  the  State  Auditor's  report  for  1879- 
1880,  and  embodies  all  state  bonds  that  will  become  payable  from  1882 
to  1897,  at  6  per  cent  interest. 

St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad  series $1,361,000 

Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad 267,000 

North  Missouri  Railroad 1,694,000 

State  Debt  proper 439,000 

Pacific  Railroad 2,971,000 

Consolidation 2,727,000 

Platte  County  Railroad 504,000 

State  University 201,000 

Northwestern  Lunatic  Asylum 200,000 

State  Bank  Stock,  refunding 104,000 

State  Funding 1,000,000- 

Penitentiary  Indemnity 41,000 

Renewal  Funding 3,850,000 

School  Fund  Certificates    900,000 


Total $16,259,000 

In  addition  to  this  there  are  $250,000  of  revenue  bonds,  issued  June  1, 
1879;  and  $3,000,000  bonds  issued  to  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad 
Company. 

THE  STATE  INCOME. 

The  receipts  of  the  State  from  all  sources  during  the  years  1879  and 
1880  were  as  follows: 


30 


HISTORY  OF  "THE   STATE  OF  MISSOURI. 


State  Revenue  Fund $3,024,084.39 

State  Interest  Fund 2,429,040.71 

State  School  Fund 335.55 

Swamp  Land  Indemnity  Fund 15,408.05 

Insurance  Department  Fund 31,096.40 

Executors'  and  Administrators'  Fund 6,790.07 

State  School  Moneys 241,080.00 

State  Seminary  Moneys 3,660.00 

Earnings  Missouri  Penitentiary 214,358.97 

Militia  Fund 82.25 

Total $5,965,936.39 

The  total  balance  of  all  moneys  in  the  State  treasury  January  1,  1881, 
was  $517,517.21. 

During  the  year  1879,  the  state  paid  a  total  of  $6,458.00  as  bounty  on 
wolf  scalps;  but  in  1880  the  amount  was  only  $1,428.50. 


WHO  MISSOURI  VOTED  FOR. 


PRESIDENTIAL  VOTES  OF  MISSOURI  FROM  1820  TO  1880. 


Yl.«r  Presidential  Candidates  Political  Parties 

*ear-  Voted  lor  in  Missouri.  comical  parties. 

1820        James  Monroe Democratic 

1824        John  Q.  Adams Coalition 

Andrew  Jackson Democratic 

Henry  Clay Democratic 

1828        Andrew  Jackson Democratic 

John  Q.  Adams National  Republican. 

1832        Andrew  Jackson* Democratic 

1836       Martin  Van  Buren Democratic 

W.  H.  Harrison Whig 

Hugh  L.  White Independent 

1840       W.  H.  Harrison Whig 

Martin  Van  Buren Democratic 

1844       Jas.  K.  Polk Democratic 

Henry  Clay Whig 

1848        Zachary  Taylor Whig 

Lewis  Cass Democratic 

1852        Franklin  Pierce Democratic 

Winfield  Scott Whig 

1856       Jas.  Buchanan Democratic 

Millard  Fillmore American 

1860       Abraham  Lincoln Republican 

J.  C.  Breckenridge State  Rights  Dem'cr't 

John  Bell Old  Line  Whig 

Stephen  A.  Douglas  . .  .Union  Democrat 

1864       Abraham  Lincoln Republican 

Geo.  B.  McClcllan Democratic 


dS 

o  a 

1            Vice-President 

o  O 

H 

\               Candidates. 

3 

D.  D.  Tompkins. 

311 

Nathan  Sanford. 

987 

John  C.  Calhoun. 

1,401 

3 

Andrew  Jackson. 

8,232 

3 

John  C.  Calhoun. 

3,422 

Richard  Rush. 

4 

Martin  Van  Buren. 

10,995 

4 

R.  M.  Johnson 

7,401 

Francis  Granger. 

936 

John  Tyler. 

22,972 

John  Tyler. 

29,760 

4 

R.  M.  Johnson. 

41,369 

7 

Geo.  M.  Dallas. 

31,251 

Th.  Frelinghuysen. 

32,671 

Millard  Fillmore. 

40,077 

7 

Wm.  O.  Butler. 

38,353 

9 

Wm.  R.  King. 

29,984 

Wm.  A.  Graham. 

58,164 

9 

J.  C.  Breckenridge. 

48,524 

A.  J.  Donelson. 

17,028 

Hannibal  Hamlin. 

31,317 

Joseph  Lane. 

58,372 

Edward  Everett. 

58,801 

9 

H.  V.  Johnson. 

72,750 

11 

Andrew  Johnson. 

31,678 

George  H.  Pendleton. 

•This  year  Gen.  Jackson  received  5,192  majority;  -but  the  popular  vote  of  Missouri  for  this  year  does 
not  appear  in  anyef  the  statistical  tables.  The  other  presidential  oandidates  this  year  were:  Henry 
Clay,  National  Republican;  John  Floyd,  Independent;  Wm.  Wirt,  Anti-Mason. 


HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 


31 


PRESIDENTIAL  VOTES  OF  MISSOURI  FROM  1820  TO  1880.— Continued. 


Tear. 
1868 
1872 


1876 


1880 


Presidential  Candidates  Political  Parties  g.o> 

Voted  for  in  Missouri.  ^P 

Ulysses  S.  Grant Republican 86,860 

Horatio  Seymour Democratic 65,628 

Ulysses  S  Grant Republican 119,196 

Horace  Greeley Dem.  and  Liberal 151,434 

Chas.  O'Connor Democratic 2,429 

Thos.  A.  Hendricks 

B.  Gratz  Brown 

David  Davis 

Rutherford  B.  Hayes . . .  Republican 145,029 

Samuel  J.  Tilden Democratic 203,077 

Peter  Cooper Greenbacker 3,498 

G.  C.  Smith Prohibitionist 64 

Scattering 97 

James  A.  Garfield Republican 153,567 

W.  S,  Hancock Democratic 203,609 

James  B.  Weaver Greenback 35,135 


O  1> 

St 

11 


15 


13 


Vice  President 
Candidates. 

Schuyler  Colfax. 

F.  P.  Blair,  Jr. 
Henry  Wilson. 
B.  Gratz  Brown. 
Geo.  W.  Julien. 
John  M.  Palmer. 
T.  E.  Bramlette. 
Willis  B.  Machem. 
William.  A  Wheeler. 
Thomas  A.  Hendricks. 
Samuel  F.  Carey. 

G.  T.  Stewart. 

Chester  A  Arthur. 
W.  H.  English. 
B.J.  Chambers. 


LIST  OF  GOVERNORS  FROM  1820  TO  1880. 

YEAR.  NAME.  REMARKS. 

1820  AlexanderMcNair 

1824  Frederick  Bates died  in  office. 

1825  Abraham  J.  Williams vice  Bates. 

1826  John  Miller 

1828  John  Miller 

1832  Daniel  Dunklin resigned;  appointed  Serv.  Gen.  U.  S. 

1836  Lilburn  W.  Boggs vice  Dunklin. 

1840  Thos.  Reynolds died  1844. 

1844  M.  M.  Marmaduke vice  Reynolds. 

1844  John  C.  Edwards 

1848  Austin  A.  King- 

1852  Sterling  Price 

1856  Trusten   Polk    resigned. 

1857  Hancock  Jackson   vice  Polk. 

1857  Robert  M.  Stewart "       "  [State  Convention. 

1860  C.  F.  Jackson office   declared    vacant   by  Unionist 

1861  Hamilton  R.  Gamble appointed  governor  by  State  Conven- 

1864  Willard  P.  Hall vice  Gamble.        [tion;  died  in  office. 

1864  Thos.  Fletcher 

1868  Joseph  W.  McClurg 

1870  B.  Gratz  Brown 

1872  Silas  Woodson 

1874  Charles  H.  Hardin 

1876  John  S.  Phelps term  now  4  years  instead  of  2. 

1880  Thos.  T.  Crittenden 


Year. 

1820 
1824 
1826 
1830 
1832 
1833 


LIST  OF  UNITED  STAES  SENATORS  FROM  1820  TO  1880. 
Names.  Year.  Names. 


Thomas  Hart  Benton  

David  Barton 

Thomas  Hart  Benton 

Alexander  Buckner died  in  1833 

Thomas  Hart  Benton 

Lewis  Field  Linn vice  Buckner 


1857  Trusten  Polk -. 

1861  Waldo  Porter  Johnson 

1862  Robert  Wilson 

1863  B.  Gratz  Brown 

1863  JohnB.  Henderson 

1867  Chas.  D.  Drake resigned  1870 


32 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 


LIST  OP  UNITED  STATES  SENATORS  FROM  1820  TO  1880.— Continued. 


Tear.  Names. 

1836  Lewis  Field  Linn 

1838  Thomas  Hart  Benton 

1842  Lewis  Field  Linn died  1843 

1843  David  R.  Atchison vice  Linn 

1844  David  R.  Atchison 

1844  Thomas  Hart  Benton 

1849  David  R.  Atchison 

1851  Henry  S.  Geyer 

1857  Jas.  S.Green 


Year.  Names. 

1869  Carl  Schurz .' 

1870  Daniel  F.  Jewett vice  Drake 

1871  Francis  P.  Blair,  Jr 

1873    Lewis  V.  Bogy 

1875    Francis  M.  Cockrell 

1879  Daniel  H.  Armstrong 

1880  James  Shields vice  Bogy 

1881  George  G.  Vest 


MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS  FROM  1820  TO  1881. 


1820  17 

1822  18 

1824  19 

1826  20 

1828  21 

1830  22 

1831  22 

1832  23 

1834  24 

1836  25 

1838  26 


1838    26 
1840    27 

1842    28 


1844    29 


1846    29 
1846    30 


1848    31 


1850    32 


1852    33 


NAMES. 

John  Scott 

John  Scott 

John  Scott 

Edward  Bates 

Spencer  Pettis 

Spencer  Pettis,  died  1831  . . . 
Wm.  H.  Ashley,  vice  Pettis. 

Win.  H.  Ashley 

John  Bull 

Wm.  H.  Ashley 

Albert  G.  Harrison 

Albert  G.  Harrison 

John  Miller 

Albert  G.  Harrison,  died  in 

1839 

John  Miller 

J.Jamison,  vice  Harrison.. 

John  Miller 

John  C.  Edwards 

James  M.  Hughes 

James  H.  Relfe 

John  Jamisom 

John  B.  Bowlin 

Gustavus  M.  Brown 

James  B.  Bowlin 

James  H.  Relfe 

Sterling  Price,  resigned 

John  S.  Phelps 

Leonard  H.  Sims 

Wm.  McDaniels,  vice  Price. 

James  B.  Bowlin 

John  Jameson 

James  S.  Green 

Willard  P.  Hall 

John  S  Phelps 

James  B.  Bowlin 

William  V.  N.  Bay 

James  S.  Green 

Willard  P.  Hall 

John  S.  Phelps 

John  F.  Darby 

Gilchrist  Porter 

John  G.  Miller 

Willard  P  Hall 

John  S.  Phelps 

Thos  H.  Benton 

Alfred  W.  Lamb 


1852  33 

1854  34 

1855  34 

1856  34 


1857  35 

1858  36 


1860    36 
1860    37 


1862    37 
1862    38 


§  NAMES. 

a 

3  JohnG.Miller 

4  Mordecai  Oliver 

5  John  S.Phelps 

James  I.  Lindley,  at  large. . 
Samuel  Carruthers,  at  large; 

1  L.  M.  Kennett 

2  Gilchrist  Porter 

3  John  I.  Linxlley 

4  Mordecai  Oliver 

5  John  G.  Miller,  died  1855. . . 

6  John  S.  Phelps 

7  Samuel  Carruthers 

5  Thos.  P.  Aiken,  vice  Miller. 

1  Francts  P.  Blair 

2  T.L.Anderson [1857 

3  Jas.  S.  Green,  elec.  U.  S.  Sen. 

4  James  Craig 

5  James  H.  Woodson 

6  John  S.  Phelps 

7  Sam'l  Carruthers 

3  John  B.  Clark,  vice  Green . . 

1  J.  Richard  Barrett,  declared 

not  elected 

2  Thos.  L.  Anderson 

3  John  B.  Clark 

4  Jas  Craig 

5  Jas.  H.  Woodson 

6  John  S.  Phelps 

7  JohnW.  Noell 

1  Francis  P.  Blair,  Jr.,  resigned 

1  J.  Richard  Barrett,  vice  Blair 

1  Francis  P.  Blair,  Jr 

2  Jas.  S.  Rollins 

3  John  B.  Clark,  expelled 

4  E.  H.  Norton 

5  John  W.  Reid,  expelled.... 

6  John  S.Phelps 

7  JohnW.Noell 

3  Wm.  A.  Hall,  vice  Clark .... 

5  Thos.  L.  Price,  vice  Reid  . . . 

1  Francis  P.  Blair 

2  Henry  T.  Blow 

3  John  W.  Noell,  died  1863. . . 

4  Sempronius  S.  Boyd 

5  Joseph  W.  McClurg 

6  Austin  A.  King 

7  Benjamin  F.  Loan 


HISTORY   OF   THE  STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 


33 


MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS  FROM  1820  TO  1880.— Continued. 


1862    38 


1864    39 


1866    40 


1867  40 

1868  41 


1870    42 


1872    43 


g  NAMES. 

Q 

8  W.  A.  Hall 

9  John  S.  Rollins 

3    John  G.  Scott,  vice  Noell. . . 

1  John  Hogan 

2  Henry  T.  Blow 

3  Thos.  E.  Noell 

4  John  R.  Kelsoe 

5  Joseph  W.  McClurg 

6  Robert  T.  Van  Horn 

7  Benjamin  F.  Loan 

8  John  F.  Benjamin 

9  George  W.  Anderson 

1  William  A.  Pile 

2  C.  A.  Newcombe 

3  Thomas  E.  Noell.  deceased . . 

4  J.J.  Gravely 

5  Jos.  W.  McClurg,  resigned 

6  Robert  T.  Van  Horn 

7  Benjamin  F.  Loan 

8  John  F.  Benjamin 

9  George  W.  Anderson 

3  J.  R.  McCormack,  vice  Noell 

5  John  H.Stover,vice  McClurg 

1  Erastus  Wells 

2  G.  A.  Finkelnburg 

3  J.  R.  McCormack 

4  S.  H.  Boyd 

5  Samuel  S.  Burdett 

6  Robert  T.  Van  Horn 

7  Joel  F.  Asper 

8  John  F.  Benjamin 

9  David  P.Dyer 

1  Erastus  Wells 

2  G.  A.  Finkelnburg 

3  J.  R.  McCormack 

4  H.  E.  Havens 

5  Samuel  S.  Burdett.   

6  A.  Comingo 

7  Isaac  C.  Parker 

8  James  G.  Blair 

9  Andrew  King 

1  E.  O.  Stanard 

2  Erastus  Wells 

3  W.  H.  Stone 

4  Robert  A.  Hatcher 

5  Richard  P.  Bland 

6  Harrison  E.  Havens 

7  Thomas  F.  Crittenden 

8  Abram  Comingo 

9  Isaac  C.  Parker 

10  Ira  B.  Hyde 

11  John  B.Clark,  Jr 

12  John  M.  Gk>ver 

13  A.  H.  Buckner 


1874    44 


1876    45 


1878    46 


1879    46 


1880    47 


g  NAMES. 

H 

1  Edward  C.  Kerr 

2  Erastus  Wells 

3  William  H.  Stone 

4  Robert  A.  Hatcher 

5  Richard  P.  Bland 

6  Charles  H.  Morgan 

7  John  F.  Philips 

8  Benjamin  J.  Franklin 

9  David  Rea 

10  Rezin  A.  DeBolt 

11  John  B.  Clark,  Jr 

12  John  M.  Glover 

13  Aylett  H.  Buckner 

1  Anthony  Ittner 

2  Nathan  Cole 

3  Lyne  S.  Metcalfe 

4  Robert  H.  Hatcher 

5  Richard  P.  Bland 

6  Charles  H.  Morgan 

7  Thos.  T.  Crittenden 

8  Benjamin  J.  Franklin 

9  David  Rea 

10  Henry  M.  Pollard 

11  Jonn  B.  Clark,  Jr 

12  John  M.  Glover 

13  Aylett  H.  Buckner 

1  Martin  L.  Clardy 

2  Erastus  Wells 

3  Richard  G.  Frost 

4  Lowndes  H.  Davis 

5  Richard  P.  Bland 

6  James  R.  Waddill 

7  Alfred  M.  Lay,  died 

7  John  F.  Philips,  vice  Lay. 

8  Samuel  L.  Sawyer 

9  Nicholas  Ford 

10  Gideon  F.  Rothwell 

11  John  B.  Clark,  Jr 

12  Wm.  H-  Hatch 

13  Aylett  H  Buckner 

1  Martin  L.  Clardy 

2  Thomas  Allen 

3  Richard  G.  Frost 

4  Lowndes  H.Davis 

5  Richard  P.  Bland 

6  Ira  S.  Hazeltine 

7  Theron  M.  Rice 

8  Robert  >T.  Van  Horn 

9  Nicholas  Ford 

10  J.  H.  Burroughs 

11  John  B.  Clark,  Jr 

12  Wm.  H.  Hatch 

13  Aylett  H.  Buckner 


The  election  for  members  of  the  legislature  and  members  of  Congress 
occurs  biennially  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November  of 
3 


34  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

the  even  numbered  years — as  1880,  1882,  etc.;  and  the  legislature  meets 
on  the  first  Wednesday  after  January  1st,  in  the  odd  numbered  years — 
as  1881,  1883,  etc.  The  governor  is  elected  every  four  years,  at  the  same 
time  with  the  presidential  election. 


EDUCATIONAL  INTERESTS. 


THE   PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM. 

The  State  of  Missouri  has  made  liberal  provision  for  the  support  of 
public  schools,  equal  to  any  other  state  in  the  Union.*  The  main  fea- 
tures of  our  school  system  are  well  epitomized  in  a  report  made  by  the 
state  superintendent  in  1879,  as  follows : 

School  Revenue — Is  derived  from  invested  state  funds,  bearing  inter- 
est at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent  per  annum,  and  one-fourth  of  the  state  reve- 
nue collections,  annually,  equal  to  a  tax  of  five  cents  on  the  $100  of  valu- 
ation; from  the  invested  county  funds  at  rates  from  6  to  10  per  centum 
annually,  secured  by  real  estate  mortgages;  from  the  sixteenth  section  or 
township  fund  invested  and  producing  income  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
county  funds. 

The  state  and  township  permanent  funds  arise  principally  from  the  sale 
of  lands  donated  by  the  general  government.  The  income  is  used  only 
for  teachers'  wages,  and  is  apportioned  upon  the  number  of  children  to 
districts  having  maintained  the  minimum  term  of  school. 

The  deficiency  is  supplied  by  local  taxation,  limited  in  amount,  and  con- 
trolled in  the  first  instance  by  boards  of  directors,  and  second,  by  the 
tax-payers  in  annual  meeting  assembled. 

State  Boards. —  State  Board  of  Education  consists  of  the  super- 
intendent of  public  schools,  the  governor,  secretary  of  state,  and  attorney- 
general.  The  duties,  practically,  are  simply  the  investment  and  care  of 
the  state  permanent  fund. 

Board  of  Curators  of  the  State  University  —  Consists  of  nine 
members,  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent  of  the  senate,  for 
a  term  of  six  years,  three  being  appointed  every  two  years.  They  con- 
trol and  manage  the  university,  agricultural  college  and  school  of  mines 
and  metallurgy. 

Boards  of  Regents — Of   normal  schools   consist  of  six  members 

*  The  first  free  day  school  ever  opened  in  Missouri  was  by  the  Church  of  the  Messiah, 
in  St.  Louis.  This  church  was  organized  in  1834,  by  Rev.  Wm,  G.  Elliott,  D.  D.,  who  waa 
the  founder,  and  is  now  Chancellor  of  Washington  University. 


HISTORY  OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  35 

to  each  school,  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  consent  of  the  senate, 
from  the  locality.  The  state  superintendent  of  public  schools  is  ex 
officio  member  of  each  board. 

Boards  of  Control  —  Of  other  institutions  vary  in  name  and  num- 
ber of  members.     They  are  usually  appointed  by  the  governor. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Schools  —  Has  general  supervision  of 
the  public  schools;  collects  and  tabulates  the  school  statistics  of  the  state; 
apportions  the  state  school  funds  to  the  counties;  gives  information  to 
school  officers  upon  construction  of  school  law ;  prepares  and  furnishes 
blanks  for  use  of  school  officers ;  spends  five  days  in  each  congressional  dis- 
trict of  the  state,  yearly,  consulting  and  advising  teachers  and  other  school 
officers,  and  delivering  lectures;  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents  of 
the  normal  schools,  and  president  of  state  board  of  education ;  receives 
reports  from  the  county  commissioners  and  state  institutions  of  learn- 
ing; makes  annual  reports  to  the  governor  and  general  assembly  alter- 
nately; and  is  the  executive  manager  of  the  state  school  fund  under  the 
direction  of  state  board  of  education. 

County  School  Commissioners — Elected  at  the  annual  school  meet- 
ings of  the  various  school  districts  for  the  term  of  two  years;  compen- 
sation varies  according  to  population  of  county,  from  twenty  to  forty 
dollars  per  annum  and  a  fee,  additional,  of  one  and  one-half  dollars  from 
each  teacher  undergoing  examination;  examines  teachers,  grants  and 
revokes  certificates;  has  final  jurisdiction  over  appealed  cases  of  changes 
of  district  boundaries,  appealed  from  the  annual  meetings;  condenses 
and  reports  to  state  superintendent  of  public  schools  the  educational 
statistics  of  the  county,  as  received  by  him  from  the  district  boards  of 
directors;  supplies  the  districts  with  copies  of  the  law,  and  all  blanks 
needed;  performs  any  and  all  duties  required  by  the  State  Superintend- 
ent, and  in  counties  where  the  people  have  voted  in  favor  of  it,  employs 
his  whole  time  in  supervision  and  school  work. 

Miscellaneous. — To  draw  public  money,  districts  must  maintain  at 
least  three  months  public  school  in  each  year,  but  the  law  requires  and 
provides  that  four  months  shall  be  taught.  Any  person  between  the 
ages  of  six  and  twenty  years  may  attend  the  public  schools.  In  cities, 
towns  and  villages,  the  boards  are  authorized  to  hold  from  five  to  ten 
months  term  of  school  each  year,  and  in  the  country  districts  the  people 
may  vote  an  extension  of  term  over  four  months.  The  rate  of  taxation 
for  school  purposes,  in  addition  to  the  distributed  state,  county  and  town- 
ship, or  sixteenth  section  funds,  is  limited  to  forty  cents  on  the  $100  valu- 
ation, except  that  the  people,  at  the  annual  school  meeting,  may  vote  an 
increase  not  to  exeed  sixty-five  cents  on  the  $100,  by  a  majoritv  vote  of 
tax-payers.     To  raise  funds  by  taxation  for  building  purposes,  requires 


36  HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

that  the  increased  rate  be  voted   by  two-thirds  of  the  qualified  voters 
voting  at  the  annual  or  special  meeting. 

Annual  School  Meeting — Meets  at  the  district  school  house  annu- 
ally, and  elects  a  director  for  a  full  term,  and  fills  vacancies  in  tha  board; 
determines  the  length  of  time  in  excess  of  four  months,  that  the  schools 
shall  be  kept  open,  and  orders  the  proper  levies  within  the  limitations  to 
be  made  therefor;  votes  a  sum  not  exceeding  $20  per  annum  for  pur- 
chase of  books  for  district  library;  decides  for  or  against  proposed  changes 
of  district  boundary  lines;  directs  the  sale  of  property  no  longer  required, 
and  determines  the  applications  of  proceeds;  designates  their  choice  for 
county  school  commissioner  every  second  year;  directs  the  loan  of 
money  to  aid  in  erecting  school  houses ;  directs  the  levy  of  tax  for  the 
erection  of  school  houses;  determines  the  location  of  the  school  house  or 
houses;  by  a  two-thirds  vote  changes  location  of  school  house;  receives 
the  reports  of  school  district  board  as  to  financial  condition,  and  itemized 
receipts  and  disbursements  for  the  year  ending. 

District  Boards  —  Consist  of  three  members  in  the  country  districts, 
and  six  members  in  the  city,  town  and  village  districts;  each  elected  for 
a  term  of  three  years ;  one,  annually,  in  the  country,  and  two  in  the  city, 
town  and  village  districts;  they  elect  one  of  their  number  president,  and 
appoint  a  clerk  who  may  not  be  a  member  of  the  board,  if  it  so  chooses; 
they  are  the  executive  officers  of  the  school  corporation,  which  each  dis- 
trict is,  being  created  by  law ;  they  serve  without  compensation ;  have 
custody  of  school  property;  execute  the  orders  of  the  annual  meeting; 
take  the  school  census;  make  and  file  the  estimates  for  tax  levies;  con- 
trol the  disbursements  of  all  school  money;  keep  the  district  records; 
visit  the  schools;  employ  teachers;  provide  for  a  four  months  term  of 
school  without  consulting  the  people;  make  rules  for  organization,  gra- 
ding and  government  of  the  schools,  suspend  or  expel  pupils ;  admit  and 
prescribe  fees  for  non-resident  pupils,  and  in  general  do  all  things  neces- 
sary to  carry  on  the  schools. 

In  city,  town  and  village  districts  the  board  has  power  to  establish 
higher  grades  of  schools,  but  are  subject  to  the  same  tax  restrictions. 

Some  cities  have  special  charters  giving  other  privileges  than  those 
enumerated,  but  subject  to  the  same  tax  restrictions,  they  being  constitu- 
tional provisions. 

Educational  Directory. —  University  of  Missouri,  located  at  Colum- 
bia; number  of  students,  577;  legislative  appropriation  for  1S79  and  1880, 
$39,000.  State  Agricultural  College  constitutes  a  department  of  the 
University.  Three  State  Normal  Schools,  located  respectively  at  Kirks- 
ville,  Warrensburg  and  Cape  Girardeau .*    The  appropriation  to  each  of 

*  St.  Louis  supports  its  own  normal  school,  for  the  preparation  and  training  of  its 
teachers,  the  greater  number  of  whom  are  graduates  of  this  normal  school. 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  37 

normal  schools  is  $7,500  per  annum.  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  located 
at  Fulton;  legislative  appropriation  for  1S79  and  1SS0,  $91,000.  Blind 
Asylum,  located  at  St.  Louis;  legislative  appropriation  for  1879  and  1880, 
$46,000.  Lincoln  Institute,*  located  at  Jefferson  City;  legislative  appro- 
priation, $10,000  for  1S79  and  18S0;  devoted  to  training  colored  teachers 
for  colored  public  schools  of  the  state.  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy, 
located  at  Rolla;  legislative  appropriation,  $15,000  for  1879  and  1880; 
constitutes  a  department  of  the  state  university.  State  teachers'  associ- 
ation, meets  annually  at  places  selected  at  each  session,  during  the  last 
week  in  June. 

Statistics  of  1S7S. —  School  population,  6SS,248;  school  enrollment, 
448,033;  No.  of  ungraded  school  districts,  8,142;  No.  of  graded  school 
districts,  279.  No.  of  school  houses,  8,092;  estimated  value  of  school 
houses  and  sites,  $8,321,399;  average  school  year  in  months,  5;  average 
school  year  in  months,  in  graded  school  districts,  9;  total  number  of 
teachers  employed,  11,26S;  total  wages  of  teachers,  $2,320,430.20;  aver- 
age wages  of  teachers  per  month,  males,  $36.36,  females,  $28.09;  aver- 
age wages  of  teachers  per  month,  in  grades  schools,  estimated,  males, 
$87.81,  females,  $40.73. 

Revenue. — From  interest  on  state  permanent  fund,  $174,030.15; 
from  one-fourth  state  revenue  collections,  $363,276.32;  from  county  and 
township  permanent  funds,  $440,191.37;  from  district  taxes,  $2,446,- 
910.71.     Total,  $3,424,408.55. 

Permanent  Funds.— State  fund,  $2,909,457.11;  county  fund,  $2,388,- 
368.29;  township  or  sixteenth  section  fund,  $1,980,678.51.  Total  $7,278,- 
046.80. 

The  state  auditor's  report  for  1879  and  1880  furnishes  the  following 
school  items;  and  they  make  a  very  favorable  showing  for  the  public 
school  interests  of  Missouri: 

1879.  1880. 

Amount  distributed  to  the  counties $502,795.18  $515,286.09 

Maintenance  of  State  University 19,500.00  19,500.00 

Support  of  Lincoln  Institute 5,000.00  5,000.00 

Support  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 7,500.00  7,500.00 

IN  ormal  School,  1st  district 7,500.00  7,500  00 

"        2d        "      7,500.00  7,500.00 

"          "        South  Missouri  district 7,500,00  7,500.00 

Distribution  of  school  laws 308.58  436.50 

♦Lincoln  Institute  was  first  projected  by  the  62d  Regiment  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry, 
while  on  duty  in  Texas,  in  1865,  and  was  designed  for  the  higher  education  of  colored 
people.  In  January,  1866,  the  state  attached  a  state  normal  department  to  it,  to  provide 
suitable  teachers  for  the  public  schools  for  colored  children.  The  school  was  opened 
Sept.  17,  1876,  but  was  not  finally  provided  for  by  law  as  a  state  normal  school  until  Feb. 
14,  1870,  since  which  time  it  has  gone  steadily  forward  and  done  a  good  work  for  the 
negro  population. 


38  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

MASSACHUSETTS  AND  MISSOURI  SCHOOL  RATES. 

Massachusetts  is  taken  almost  universally  as  the  standard  of  measure- 
ment for  other  states.  The  state  reports  of  Massachusetts  and  Missouri, 
for  1879,  show  that  in  the  former  there  was  applied  to  the  educa- 
tion of  every  child  of  school  age  the  sum  of  $13.71 — in  the  latter, 
$4.37.  But  it  must  be  remembered  that  school  age  in  Massachusetts  is 
between  five  and  fifteen  years;  in  Missouri  between  six  and  twenty;  a 
difference  of  four  years  in  school. 

The  report  of  the  secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  board  of  education, 
for  1879,  states  the  "per  centage  of  valuation  appropriated  for  public 
schools,"  as  two  and  seventy-two  one  hundredths  mills.  In  Missouri  it 
was  over  five  mills.  That  is,  every  tax-paying  Missourian  paid  nearly 
twice  as  much  for  the  maintenance  of  public  schools  on  the  same  amount 
(of  value)  of  property  as  the  tax-payer  of  Massachusetts. 

DENOMINATIONAL  SCHOOLS. 

JH^Jt-r*        SAME  OF  INSTITUTION.  WHERE  LOCATED.  DENOMINATION. 

OKG-  ZED. 

1 S71     Central  College Fayette M.  E.  Church  South. 

1856  Christian   College Canton Christian. 

1859  College  Christian  Brothers .  St.  Louis Roman  Catholic. 

1873  Drurv  College Springfield Congregational. 

1868  Hannibal  College Hannibal M.  E.  Church  South. 

1865  Lewis  College Glasgow Methodist  Episcopal. 

1870  Lincoln  College Greenwood United  Presbyterian. 

1853  McGee  College College  Mound. . .  Cumb.  Presbyterian. 

1867  St.  Joseph  College St.  Joe Roman  Catholic. 

1832  St.  Louis  University St.  Louis Roman  Catholic. 

1844  St.  Paul  College Palmyra Protestant  Episcopal. 

1844  St.  Vincent  College Cape  Girardeau.  .Roman  Catholic. 

1857  Washington  University. .  .St.  Louis Non-Sectarian. 

1852  Westminster  College Fulton Presbyterian. 

1853  Wm.  Jewell  College Liberty Baptist. 

1869  Woodland  College Independence  ....  Christian. 

1835     St.  Charles  College St.  Charles M.  E.  Church  South. 

1852     Central  College Fayette "  "  " 

1843  Arcadia  College Arcadia "  "  " 

THEOLOGICAL  SCHOOLS. 

1839     Concordia  College St.  Louis Evangelical  Luth'ran 

1844  St.  Vincent  College Cape  Girardeau. .  Roman  Catholic. 

Theological  School  of  West- 
minster College Fulton Presbyterian. 

1869     Vanderman  School  of  The- 
ology   Liberty Baptist. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  Baptists  have:  Stephens  College,  Columbia* 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  39 

Mt.  Pleasant  College,  Hunts  ville;  Baptist  Female  College,  Lexington;  La 
Grange  College,  La  Grange;  Baptist  College,  Louisiana;  Liberty  Female 
College,  Liberty;  St.  Louis  Seminary  for  Young  Ladies,  Jennings  Sta- 
tion; Fairvievv  Female  Seminary,  Jackson;  Boorjeville  Seminary  for 
Young  Ladies,  Booneville;  North  Grand  River  College,  Edinburg; 
Ingleside  Academy,  Palmyra. 

The  Christian  connection  has  Christian  University,  at  Canton,  in  Lewis 
county. 

The  Congregationalists  have  Thayer  College,  at  Kidder,  in  Caldwell 
county. 

The  German  Evangelicals  have  Missouri  College,  in  Warren  county. 

The  Methodist  Episcopals  (North)  have  Johnson  College  at  Macon 
City. 

The  Presbyterians  have  Lindenwood  Female  College,  at  St.  Charles. 

A  good  feeling  prevails  amongst  these  different  schools.  Each  attends 
to  its  own  work  in  its  own  way,  caring  for  the  patronage  of  its  own  peo- 
ple and  the  community  at  large,  as  a  good  neighbor  of  every  other 
worker.  A  most  liberal  and  impartial  legislative  policy  is  pursued,  by 
dealing  with  all  alike  before  the  law,  whether  in  the  maintenance  of 
vested  rights  or  in  the  matter  of  taxation.  By  constitutional  provision 
all  property  actually  used  for  school  and  religious  purposes  may  be 
exempted  from  taxes,  and  the  same  constitution  most  explicitly  interdicts 
all  discrimination,  and  also  all  favor  or  partiality. 

LAW  SCHOOLS. 

FOUNDED.  NAME  LOCATION. 

1872  Law  College  of  State  University Columbia. 

1867         Law  Department  of  Washington  University St.  Louis. 

MEDICAL  SCHOOLS. 

FOCNDED.  NAME.  LOCATION. 

1869  Kansas  City  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  .Kansas  City. 

1873  Medical  College  of  State  University Columbia. 

1840  Missouri  Medical  College St.  Louis. 

1841  St.  Louis  Medical  College " 

1858  Homeopathic  Medical  College  of  Missouri " 

1865  Missouri  Dental  College " 

1864  St.- Louis  College  of  Pharmacy " 

SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOLS. 

1870  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  (State  L'm- 

versity") Columbia. 

1871  Missouri  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy  (State 

University) Rolla. 

1857        Polytechnic  Department  of  Washington  University. St.  Louis. 


40  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

m  a    .  g^ ^ 

RELIGIOUS  DENOMINATIONS-1879-80.  °t  <~2  g|| 

*«  f  sM 

Catholic 216  264  200,000 

Protestant  Episcopal 65  50  25,000 

Lutheran  Independent  Evangelical 25  20  1,000 

English  Evangelical 6  6  1,000 

German        "              76  68  3,633 

Presbyterian,  O.  S.  North 210  151  11,143 

"      South 135  73  7,662 

Cumberland 361  169  15,823 

United 10  12  700 

"                Reformed 3  4  165 

Congregational 71  47  3,747 

Baptist 1.385  823  86,999 

Christian,  about ' 500  500  70,000 

Methodist  Episcopal,  South 559  648  53,382 

North 359  420  42,888 

African 58  59  4,954 

African  Methodist  Episcopal,  Zion ) 

Colored        "                 "            V  about  116  118  9,908 

Methodist,  Protestant  and  Free  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  ) 

Unitarian 5  5 

Total 4,160  3,437  539,004 

Note.— Church  members  of  the  Catholic  and  Protestant  Episcopal  Churches  include  all  persona  bap- 
tized into  the  church.    The  others  count  only  communicants  in  good  standing. 


PROTECTIONAL  LAWS. 


Our  state  legislature  has  made  ample  and  discreet  provision  for  the 
protection  of  a  home-place  from  sale  on  execution.  The  home  and  property 
rights  of  married  women,  widows  and  orphans,  are  guaranteed  by 
statute  as  far  as  is  practicable.  A  limit  has  also  been  fixed  to  the  amount 
of  indebtedness  which  may  be  incurred  by  the  people  in  voting  bonds  to 
railroads,  or  other  enterprises  in  which  they  may  feel  a  friendly  interest, 
but  in  aiding  which,  too  generally,  so  many  western -communities  have 
burdened  themselves  and  their  posterity  with  debts  and  taxation  that  are 
grevious  to  be  borne. 

HOMESTEAD  EXEMPTION. 

The  laws  of  Missouri  reserve  from  execution,  in  the  hands  of  every 
head  of  a  family  living  in  the  country,  a  homestead,  consisting  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  (160)  acres  of  land,  not  exceeding  $1,500  in  value;  to 
every  head  of  a  family,  in  cities  of  over  40,000  inhabitants,  a  homestead 
consisting  of  not  more  than  eighteen  square  rods  of  ground,  and  of  a 
valuation  not  exceeding  $3,000;  and  in  cities  and  towns  of  less  than  40,- 
000  inhabitants,  a  homestead,  consisting  of  not  more  than  thirty  square 
rods  of  ground,,  and  of  the  value  of  not  more  than  $1,500.     Thus  it  is 


HISTORY   OF   THE  STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  41 

seen  that  a  farmer's  homestead  in  Missouri  consists  of  one  hundred  ajid 
sixty  acres  of  land  and  the  improvements  thereon,  not  exceeding  in  value 
$1,500;  the  homestead  of  the  residents  of  the  smaller  towns  is  of  the 
same  value;  while  that  allowed  to  the  inhabitants  of  St.  Louis,  St. 
Joseph  and  Kansas  City,  where  land  is  more  valuable,  and  the  cost  of 
living  greater,  is  fixed  at  $3,000. 

The  homestead  is  in  the  nature  of  a  lien  or  charge,  in  favor  of  the 
wife  and  children,  upon  certain  property  of  the  husband,  defined  in 
extent,  and  limited  in  value.  A  declaration  of  what  this  property  is  may 
be  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  recorder  of  deeds,  and  notice  is  thus 
imparted  to  all  persons  having  dealings  with  the  owner,  that  this  particu- 
lar property  is  not  subject  to  execution,  and  that  they  ought  not  to  give 
credit  on  the  faith  of  it.  The  state,  under  this  head,  provides  that:  "Any 
married  woman  may  file  her  claim  to  the  tract  or  lot  of  land  occupied  or 
claimed  by  her  and  her  husband,  or  by  her,  if  abandoned  by  her  husband, 
as  a  homestead.  Said  claim  shall  set  forth  the  tract  or  lot  claimed,  that 
she  is  the  wife  of  the  person  in  whose  name  the  said  tract  or  lot  appears 
of  record,  and  said  claim  shall  be  acknowledged  by  her  before  some 
officer  authorized  to  take  proof  or  acknowledgment  of  instruments  of 
writing  affecting  real  estate,  and  be  filed  in  the  recorder's  office,  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  recorder  to  receive  and  record  the  same.  After 
the  filing  of  such  claims,  duly  acknowledged,  the  husband  shall  be  de- 
barred from,  and  incapable  of  selling,  mortgaging  and  alienating  the 
homestead  in  any  manner  whatever,  and  such  sale,  mortgage  or  alienation 
is  hereby  declared  null  and  void;  and  the  filing  of  any  such  claims  as 
aforesaid  with  the  recorder  shall  impart  notice  to  all  persons  of  the  con- 
tents thereof,  and  all  subsequent  purchasers  and  mortagors  shall  be 
deemed,  in  law  and  equity,  to  purchase  with  notice;  provided,  however, 
that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  the  hus- 
band and  wife  from  jointly  conveying,  mortgaging,  alienating,  and,  in 
any  other  manner,  disposing  of  such  homestead,  or  any  part  thereof." 

Such  a  law,  while  securing  the  benefits  of  a  homestead  to  the  debtor, 
works  no  injustice  to  the  creditor.  He  sees  that  the  debtor  has  certain 
property  recorded  as  his  homestead.  He  never  gives  credit  on  the  faith  that 
this  property  will  be  subject  to  his  execution;  but  he  looks  simply  to  the 
other  property  of  the  debtor,  or  to  the  state  of  his  business  and  his  char- 
acter for  honesty. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  supreme  court  of  this  state  has  construed  the 
homestead  laws  liberally,  with  the  view  of  carrying  out  the  benevolent 
purposes  of  the  legislature.  If  the  debtor  is  ignorant  or  timid,  when  the 
sheriff  comes  with  an  execution  to  levy,  and  fails  to  claim  his  right  of 
homestead,  his  family  are  not,  therefore,  to  be  turned  out  of  doors.     The 


42  HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

sheriff  must  summon  appraisers  and  set  the  homestead  apart,  whether  the 
debtor  claims  it  or  not;  and  if  he  does  not  do  this,  his  sale  will  pass  no  title 
to  the  purchaser  so  far  as  the  debtor's  homestead  is  concerned.  If  the 
debtor  makes  a  conveyance  of  property  embracing  his  family  homestead, 
for  the  purpose  of  hindering  or  defrauding  his  creditors,  this  does  not 
work  a  forfeiture  of  his  homestead  right;  his  wrongful  act  is  not  thus  to 
be  appealed  to  in  prejudice  of  his  wife  and  children.  If  the  cruelty  of 
the  husband  drives  the  wife  from  the  homestead,  this  does  not  put  an  end 
to  her  interest  in  the  homestead.  She  may  return  and  claim  it  after  his 
death,  and  his  administrator  must  set  it  apart  for  her. 

EXEMPTIONS  OF  PERSONAL  PROPERTY. 

Pursuing  the  same  wise  and  benevolent  policy,  the  statutes  provide 
that  the  following  personal  property  shall  be  exempt  from  attachment  and 
execution  when  owned  by  the  head  of  a  family:  "1.  Ten  head  of  choice 
hogs,  ten  head  of  choice  sheep,  and  the  product  thereof  in  wool,  yarn  or 
cloth;  two  cows  and  calves,  two  plows,  one  axe,  one  hoe,  and  one  set  of 
plow  gears,  and  all  the  necessary  farm  implements  for  the  use  of  one  man. 
2.  Two  work  animals  of  the  value  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  3. 
The  spinning-wheel  and  cards,  one  loom  and  apparatus,  necessary  for 
manufacturing  cloth  in  a  private  family.  4.  All  the  spun  yarn,  thread 
and  cloth  manufactured  for  family  use.  5.  Any  quantity  of  hemp,  flax 
and  wool,  not  exceeding  twenty-five  pounds  each.  6.  All  wearing  apparel 
of  the  family,  four  beds,  with  usual  bedding,  and  such  other  household  and 
kitchen  furniture,  not  exceeding  the  value  of  one  hundred  dollars,  as  may 
be  necessary  for  the  family,  agreeably  to  an  inventory  thereof,  to  be  re- 
turned, on  oath,  with  the  execution,  by  the  officer  whose  duty  it  may  be 
to  levy  the  same.  7.  The  necessary  tools  and  implements  of  trade  of 
any  mechanic  while  carrying  on  his  trade.  8.  Any  and  all  arms  and 
military  equipments  required  by  law  to  be  kept.  9.  All  such  provisions 
as  may  be  on  hand  for  family  use,  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  in 
value.  10.  The  bibles  and  other  books  used  in  a  family,  lettered  grave- 
stones, and  one  pew  in  a  house  of  worship.  11.  All  lawyers,  physicians, 
ministers  of  the  gospel  and  teachers,  in  the  actual  prosecution  of  their 
calling,  shall  have  the  privilege  of  selecting  such  books  as  shall  be  neces- 
sary to  their  profession,  in  the  place  of  other  property  herein  allowed,  at 
their  option;  and  doctors  of  medicine,  in  lieu  of  other  property  exempt 
from  execution,  may  be  allowed  to  select  their  medicines."  In  lieu  of  this 
property,  each  head  of  a  family  may,  at  his  election,  select  and  hold 
exempt  from  execution  any  other  property,  real,  personal,  or  mixed,  or 
debts  or  wages  not  exceeding  in  value  the  amount  of  three  hundred  dol- 
lars. 

The  legislature  of  the  state  has  wisely  considered  that  the  debtor  ought 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  43 

not  to  be  permitted  to  plead  poverty  as  against  the  claims  of  creditors 
equally  necessitous.  It  is  accordingly  provided  that  the  foregoing 
exemption  cannot  be  claimed  when  the  debt  is  for  wages  due  to  a  house 
servant  or  common  laborer  to  the  extent  of  $90,  and  when  the  action  to 
recover  the  same  is  brought  witoin  six  months  after  the  last  services  were 
rendered.  Nor  can  the  purchaser  of  goods  make  this  law  an  instrument 
of  fraud  by  claiming  goods  which  he  has  purchased  on  credit  against  an 
execution  for  the  purchase  money. 

RIGHTS  OF  MARRIED  WOMEN. 

State  legislation  is  extremely  careful  of  the  rights  of  married  women. 
If  a  wife  is  unjustly  abandoned  by  her  husband,  the  circuit  court  will 
sequester  his  property  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  her  and  the  children 
of  the  marriage.  If  he  abandons  her,  or  from  worthlessness  or  drunken- 
ness fails  to  support  her,  the  court  will  not  only  allow  her  to  sell  her  own 
real  estate  without  his  joining  in  the  deed,  but  will  require  any  person 
holding  money  or  property  to  which  he  may  be  entitled  in  her  right,  to 
pay  the  money  over  to  her.  1.  Under  such  circumstances  she  is  entitled 
to  the  proceeds  of  her  own  earnings  and  those  of  her  minor  children.'  2. 
If  her  real  estate  is  damaged  for  railroads,  or  other  public  works,  the 
damages  accrue  exclusively  to  her.  3.  If  her  husband  gets  into  the  peni- 
tentiary, she  becomes  to  all  intents  and  purposes  a  femme  sole .  4.  And  if  he, 
by  ill  usage,  compels  her  to  live  separate  and  apart  from  him,  she  may 
claim  the  sole  and  exclusive  enjoyment  of  her  property  as  if  she  were  un- 
married. Rents,  issues  and  profits  of  her  real  estate  cannot  be  taken  in 
execution  for  his  debts,  except  when  contracted  for  familv  necessaries. 
Moreover,  by  a  very  broad  statute  lately  enacted,  a  wife  may  hold  all  her 
personal  property  free  from  her  husband's  control  and  exempt  from  liabil- 
ity for  his  debts.  If  he  becomes  incompetent  to  lead  in  the  marital  part- 
nership, she  may  take  the  reins  in  her  hands,  engage  in  trade,  accumulate 
property,  and  no  act  of  his  will  create  a  charge  upon  it.  Finally,  at  his 
death,  the  family  homestead  descends  to  her  and  the  children,  if  any  there 
be,  to  be  held  by  her  for  life;  if  there  be  any  children,  in  common  with 
them;  if  not,  by  herself  alone.  She  also  takes  dower  in  one-third  of  all 
the  real  estate  of  which  her  husband  may  have  been  seized  at  any  time 
during  marriage,  in  which  she  has  not  conveyed  her  right  of  dower, 
diminished,  however,  by  the  homestead  which  is  set  apart  to  her.  She 
takes  also  a  child's  share  of  his  personal  estate;  and,  in  addition  to  all 
this,  she  is  allowed  to  retain  as  her  absolute  property  a  large  amount  of 
personalty. 

TAXATION. 

The  constitution  places  it  beyond  the  power  of  reckless  or  dishonest 


44  HISTORY  OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

public  agents  to  burden  the  people  with  excessive  taxation.  Taxes  for 
state  purposes,  exclusive  of  the  taxes  necessary  to  pay  the  bonded  debt 
of  the  state,  cannot  exceed  twenty  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation; 
and  whenever  the  taxable  property  of  the  state  shall  amount  to  $900,000,- 
000  the  rate  shall  not  exceed  fifteen  cents.  The  rate  of  taxation  for 
county,  city,  town  and  school  purposes,  is  likewise  strictly  limited. 
Counties,  cities,  towns,  townships  and  school  districts  cannot  become 
indebted  beyond  the  revenue  provided  for  each  year  without  a  two-thirds 
vote  of  all  voters  therein,  nor,  in  any  event,  to  an  amount  exceeding  five 
per  cent  on  the  value  of  the  taxable  property. 

The  statutes  of  limitation  in  Missouri  provide  that  an  open  account  can- 
not be  collected  after  it  has  run  five  years;  a  note  is  uncollectible  if  held  for 
ten  years  after  due;  and  a  judgment  expires  by  limitation  in  ten  years. 

The  standard  legal  rate  of  interest  in  this  state  is  six  per  cent;  but  a 
higher  rate  not  exceeding  ten  per  cent  may  be  contracted  for. 

PUBLIC  DEBT  LIMITATION. 

The  state  debt,  according  to  the  State  Auditor's  last  report,  [1878],  is 
$16,"758,000.  This  mostly  grew  out  of  the  various  issues  of  bonds  given 
in  aid  of  railroads,  and  bears  interest  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent  per  annum. 
To  liquidate  this  debt  the  constitution  provides  for  the  annual  levy  of 
taxes,  now  fixed  by  law  at  twenty  cents  on  the  $100  of  the  valuation. 
With  the  sum  thus  raised  the  interest  of  the  debt  is  first  to  be  paid,  and  of 
the  remainder  not  less  than  $250,000  is  to  be  set  apart  as  a  sinking  fund 
for  the  purchase  and  retirement  of  the  bonds  themselves.  "Hence,  in  a 
few  years,  with  the  vast  increase  in  the  taxable  wealth,  which  is  sure  to 
come,  the  whole  of  the  debt  will  be  extinguished.  There  is  an  additional 
state  tax  of  twenty  cents  on  the  $100  for  current  expenditures,  a  large 
share  of  which  is  devoted  to  the  support  of  the  common  schools.  This 
tax  is  ample  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  intended,  and  there  is  a  con- 
stitutional provision  that  it  shall  be  reduced  to  fifteen  cents  on  the  $100  as 
soon  as  the  taxable  property  of  the  state  shall  aggregate  a  total  valuation 
of  $900,000,000. 

The  state,  and  all  its  municipal  subdivisions,  whether  counties,  cities  or 
towns,  are  forbidden  by  the  constitution  to  loan  their  credit  to  any  corpora- 
tion, so  that  there  is  no  method  by  which  the  public  indebtedness  can  be 
increased  in  the  usual  way.  Owing  to  the  great  zeal  of  the  people  to  for- 
ward public  improvements  of  all  kinds,  a  municipal  indebtedness,  aggre- 
gating, according  to  the  auditor's  last  report,  $35,727,566.49,  has  been 
contracted.  Of  this  amount  the  debt  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  is  shown  to 
constitute  $22,712,000,  leaving  for  the  agricultural  portion  of  the  state  and 
the  other  cities,  towns,  townships  and  school  districts  only  a  little  over 
$13,000,000. 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  45 

The  present  organic  law  prevents  any  municipality  from  contracting 
liabilities,  in  any  one  fiscal  year,  beyond  the  amount  of  the  levy  made  for 
that  year,  and  in  no  county  can  the  rate  of  taxation  for  local  purposes, 
aside  from  the  school  tax,  exceed  fifty  cents  on  the  $100  valuation,  unless 
two-thirds  of  the  voters  shall  assent  to  the  levy  of  a  larger  sum.  Neither 
can  the  school  tax  in  country  districts  exceed  forty  cents  on  the  $100 
without  the  consent  of  the  tax-payers,  to  be  obtained  by  a  vote  of  the  ma- 
jority of  the  residents. 

COMPARATIVE  TAX  RATE. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  how  the  tax  rate  of  our  own  state  com- 
pares with  that  of  adjoining  states. 

The  average  tax  levy  for  all  purposes  in  Missouri  is  about  $1.30  on  the 
$100;  adding  to  this  70  cents  on  the  $100  for  the  payment  of  bonded 
indebtedness  where  it  exists,  there  is  an  average  of  $2  on  the  $100  as 
the  rate,  and  a  certainty  of  its  steady  decrease.  This  is  given  as  an  average, 
and  while  in  a  few  counties  the  tax  rate  is  higher,  in  the  majority  it  is 
much  lower. 

By  the  report  of  the  state  auditor  of  Kansas,  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1878,  the  tax  levy  for  state  purposes  is  shown  to  be  55  cents  on  the 
$100,  and  the  average  levy  for  local  debts  and  expenses  $3.82  on  the  $100r 
making  a  total  average  tax  of  $4.37  on  the  $100.  The  taxable  property 
of  Kansas  in  1878  aggregated  the  sum  of  $138,698,810.98,  and  the  local 
indebtedness  was  reported  by  the  state  auditor  at  $13,473,197.51.  In 
Nebraska  the  tax  levy  for  state  purposes  alone  is  62-£  cents  on  the  $100, 
exclusive  of  taxes  to  pay  local  debts  and  expenses. 

In  Iowa,  the  average  rate  of  taxation  for  the  year  1878  was  $2.67  on  the 
$100.  In  Illinois  the  tax  levy  for  1877,  the  last  given  in  the  auditor's 
report,  was  $3.24  on  the  $100,  and  the  local  indebtedness  of  that  state 
was  then  the  sum  of  $51,811,691. 

Thus,  it  is  clear  that  Missouri  has  a  lower  rate  of  taxation  than  any  of 
the  neighboring  states  above  mentioned ;  and,  in  addition  to  this,  under 
her  wise  constitutional  provision,  the  rate  of  taxation  must  continually 
decrease  every  year,  until  only  a  sufficient  amount  of  taxes  to  liquidate 
current  expenses  will  be  collected. 

There  are  twenty  counties  that  have  no  indebtedness  whatever,  and 
forty  more  the  debt  of  which  is  merely  nominal;  so  that  their  burden  of 
taxation  will  be  lighter  than  in  any  other  portion  of  the  United  States. 


4:6  HISTORY  OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 


FEDERAL  AFFAIRS  IN  THE  STATE. 


FEDERAL  COURTS. 

The  United  States  is  divided  into  nine  supreme  court  circuits,  to  each  of 
which  one  of  the  supreme  court  judges  is  assigned.  Missouri  is  now  in 
the  eighth  circuit,  which  includes  Arkansas,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota, 
Missouri,  Nebraska  and  Colorado;  and  George  W.  McCrary,  of  Iowa, 
who  was  secretary  of  war,  in  President  Hayes'  cabinet,  is  now  the 
judge  of  this  circuit.  Missouri  is  divided  into  an  east  and  west  United 
States  judicial  district;  and  Samuel  Treat,  of  St.  Louis,  is  United  States 
judge  of  the  east  district,  while  Arnold  Krekel,  of  Jefferson  City,  presides 
over  the  west  district. 

FEDERAL  REVENUE. 

Missouri  paid  the  following  amounts  of  internal  revenue  to  the  United 
States  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1880:  On  distilled  spirits,  $2,151,- 
643.98;  on  tobacco,  $2,391,989.93;  on  fermented  liquors,  $711,654.53;  on 
banking,  $182,929.25;  on  other  items,  $1,360.27.  Total,  $5,448,344.83. 
Illinois,  Kentucky,  New  York  and  Ohio  were  the  only  states  which  paid 
a  larger  sum  of  revenue  on  spirits;  Illinois,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  paid  larger  on  tobacco;  Illinois,  New 
York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  Wisconsin  paid  larger  on  fermented 
liquors  (chiefly  lager  beer);  California,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  are 
the  only  states  which  paid  larger  on  banking  transactions. 

In  1878,  Missouri  paid  $115,729.64  as  penalties  for  violation  of  U. 
S.  internal  revenue  laws,  which  was  the  highest  amount  on  this  item  paid 
by  any  state — the  next  highest  being  Pennsylvania,  which  was  "  caught 
at  it"  to  the  amount  of  $27,867.20. 

U.  S.  LANDS  AND  LAND   OFFICES. 

There  are  now  three  U.  S.  land  offices  in  Missouri,  to-wit:  at  Boon- 
ville,  Ironton  and  Springfield.  The  report  of  the  general  land  office  for 
1879  showed  41,836,931  acres  of  government  land  still  open  to  home- 
stead entry  in  Missouri. 

LEGAL  TENDER  IN  MISSOURI. 

Gold  coins  of  the  United  States  (un mutilated),  and  the  "  greenback" 
paper  currency  are  legal  tender  for  the  payment  of  any  possible  amount 
of  indebtedness.  Silver  coins  are  legal  tender  for  any  amount  not  exceed- 
ing $10  at  one  payment — but  the  standard  silver  dollar  is  legal  tender  for 


HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  47 

any  amount,  unless  the  contract  specially  provides  otherwise.  The  baser 
coins  of  nickel,  copper  and  alloy  (3  cent  pieces),  are  legal  tender  for  any 
sum  not  exceeding  25  cents.  The  "trade  dollar,"  and  national  bank 
notes  are  not  legal  tender;  neither  is  any  foreign  coin,  either  of  gold  or 
silver,  nor  the  "  stamped  bullion  "  gold  pieces  of  California. 

U.  S.  CUSTOM  HOUSE. 

St.  Louis  is  a  port  of  entry  for  foreign  goods;  and  the  imports  received 
here  during  the  year  1880,  amounted  to  (foreign  value),  $1,401,180;  on 
which  the  import  duties  paid  was  $537,257.83.  A  fine  custom  house 
building  is  in  process  of  erection,  and  will  be  completed  in  1881. 

MILITARY. 

In  the  south  part  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  river;  there  is  a  United  States 
arsenal,  and  six  miles  below  the  city,  Jefferson  Barracks  are  situated,  a  sta- 
tion for  a  small  part  of  the  regular  army.  A  few  squares  from  the 
arsenal  there  is  a  United  States  marine  hospital. 


MISSOURI'S  DISTINGUISHED  MEN. 

Within  our  allotted  space  we  can  only  give  a  brief  sketch  of  those  citi- 
zens of  Missouri  who  have  so  pre-eminently  distinguished  themselves  as 
to  have  achieved  a  solid  national,  and  in  some  cases  a  world-wide  fame. 
First  amongf  these  is — 

Daniel  Boone.  The  adventures  of  this  famous  hunter  and  Indian 
fighter  have  become  a  staple  part  of  the  world's  perennial  stock  of  daring 
exploits  and  hair-breadth  escapes.  He  was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, February  11,  1735;  emigrated  to  North  Carolina  and  there  mar- 
ried. In  1773  he  emigrated  with  his  own  and  five  other  families  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  founded  the  present  town  of  Boonesborough.  In  1795  he 
removed  to  the  Missouri  river  country,  and  settled  in  St.  Charles  county, 
about  forty-five  miles  west  of  St.  Louis,  where  he  died  in  1S20,  aged  85. 
His  remains,  together  with  those  of  his  wife,  were  many  years  after- 
ward removed  to  Boonesborough,  Kentucky,  and  a  monument  reared 
over  them. 

Thomas  H.  Benton.  Col.  Benton  was,  in  his  lifetime,  recognized  as 
one  of  the  foremost  statesmen  of  the  nation,  and  the  hearts  of  all  good 
Missourians  kindle  with  pride  at  the  mention  of  his  name.  He  was  a 
specimen  type  of  the  best  sort  of  Democrat;  he  always  stood  with  Gen. 


48  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

Jackson  and  opposed  the  state-rights  doctrines  of  John  C.  Calhoun;  in 
congress  he  opposed  the  repeal  of  the  "Missouri  Compromise;"  and  during 
Gen.  Jackson's  presidency  Col.  Benton  was  so  vigorous  a  champion  of 
hard  money,  as  against  the  old  U.  S.  bank  swindle,  that  he  came  to  be 
familiarly  known  all  over  the  United  States  as  "Old  Bullion."  Col.  Benton 
was  born  near  Hillsborough,  North  Carolina,  March  14, 1782;  studied  law 
at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  in  1810.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  served  as  a  Colonel 
under  Gen.  Jackson ;  settled  at  St.  Louis  in  1815.  In  1820  he  was  elected  as 
the  first  U.  S.  Senator  from  Missouri,  and  continued  to  be  re-elected  every 
term  for  thirty  years;  the  longest  period  that  any  man  in  the  nation  has 
filled  a  senatorial  seat.  In  1852-3  he  served  one  term  as  member  of  con- 
gress from  the  first  district.  In  1856  he  was  defeated  in  his  candidacy  for 
governor  by  the  state-rights  party,  to  whose  doctrines  he  was  strongly 
opposed,  from  the  time  of  the  nullification  acts  of  South  Carolina  in  1832, 
up  to  the  day  of  his  death.  In  1854  he  published  his  great  work,  "Thirty 
Years  in  the  United  States  Senate,"  in  two  large  volumes,  and  these  are 
held  in  high  esteem  as  standard  authority  by  politicians  and  statesmen  of 
every  class.  Col.  Benton  died  April  10,  1858,  mourned  by  the  whole 
nation  as  one  of  her  worthiest  sons. 

James  B.  Eads,  a  citizen  of  St.  Louis.  His  marvelous  achievements  as 
a  civil  engineer  have  made  his  name  familiar  in  all  civilized  countries  on 
the  face  of  the  earth;  and  his  last  great  work,  the  jetties  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mississippi  river,  has  revolutionized  the  commerce  of  three  continents. 
Mr.  Eads  was  born  at  Lawrenceburg,  Indiana,  May  28,  1820;  emigrated 
with  his  parents  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  1829;  and  in  1833  settled  at 
St.  Louis.  In  July,  1861,  the  government  advertised  for  seven  gun-boats 
of  about  600  tons  burden,  drawing  not  over  six  feet  of  water,  plated  with 
iron  2£  inches  thick,  to  steam  nine  miles  an  hour,  and  carry  thirteen  guns.* 
Mr.  Eads  contracted  to  build  those  seven  vessels  in  sixty-five  days.  At 
this  time  the  timber  for  them  stood  uncut  in  the  forest;  the  iron  for  their 
plating  was  still  in  the  mines,  and  no  machine  yet  in  existence  of  capacity 
to  roll  such  enormous  plates;  and  not  a  pound  of  iron  or  steel  yet  wrought 
or  cast  for  the  construction  of  the  twenty-one  steam  engines  and  thirty- 
five  boilers  required  to  propel  the  fleet.  But  within  twenty-four  hours 
from  the  signing  of  the  contract  at  Washington,  he  had  all  the  iron  works, 
foundries  and  machine  shops  of  St.  Louis,  started  on  the  work ;  and  inside 
of  two  weeks  he  had  more  than  4,000  men  working  in  alternate  gangs  by 
night  and  day,  Sundays  included,  so  that  not  an  hour  should  be  lost.  The 
boats  were  built  at  St.  Louis,  but  the  states  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Ohio,  Minnesota  and  Missouri  were  all  drawn  upon  for  material, 
while  large  works  in  Cincinnati  and  Pittsburg  were  also  whirling  every 

*See  Major  Boynton's  "History  of  the  United  States  Navy." 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  49 

wheel  to  hasten  forward  the  great  undertaking,  all  being  under  the  direc- 
tion and  control  by  telegraph  or  in  person  of  this  one  man;  and  he  filled 
the  contract.  The  world's  history  shows  no  parallel  to  the  wonderful 
mastery  of  resources  and  the  tremendous  vigor  of  executive  and  super- 
visory talent  which  this  achievement  involved.  He  projected,  planned 
and  built  the  magnificent  railroad  bridge  across  the  Mississippi  river  at 
St  Louis,  which  ranks  among  the  greatest  works  of  its  kind  on  this  round 
globe.  He  projected  and  built  the  jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi, 
which  enable  the  largest  sea-going  vessels  to  pass  in  and  out  freely,  thus 
making  possible  the  barge  system  of  shipping  grain  and  other  products 
from  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City  direct  to  foreign  countries,  and  which 
has  within  two  years  revolutionized  the  entire  international  commerce  of 
the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  valley  states.  He  is  now  engaged  in  devel- 
oping a  ship  railway  across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  which  will  take  the 
heaviest  loaded  ships  into  a  dry-dock  on  wheels  and  trundle  them  from 
ocean  to  ocean  as  easily  and  safely  as  they  are  now  towed  through  the 
ship  canal  at  Suez. 

Carl  Schurz.  Born  near  Cologne,  Prussia,  March  2, 1829;  educated 
at  the  University  of  Bonn ;  took  part  in  the  revolutionary  agitations  of 
Europe  in  1848  and  following  years,  involving  Germany,  Austria,  Italy, 
Hungary,  etc.;  and  in  which  Kossuth  in  Hungary,  and  Garibaldi  in  Italy 
were  prominent  leaders,  whose  names  are  familiar  to  and  honored  by  all 
Americans.  Mr.  Schurz  came  to  the  United  States  in  1852;  settled  as  a 
lawyer  at  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  in  1859;  in  1861  was  appointed  minister 
to  Spain;  resigned  and  came  home,  and  in  1862-3-4,  was  a  major-gen- 
eral of  volunteers  in  the  Union  army.  In  1S67  he  settled  at  St.  Louis  as 
editor  of  the  Westliche  Post;  was  United  States  senator  from  Mis- 
souri from  1869  to  1875,  and  was  secretary  of  the  interior  in  President 
Hayes'  cabinet.  Mr.  Schurz  has  thus  won  the  highest  positions  ever  held 
in  the  United  States  by  any  foreign-born  citizen,  and  has  reflected  honor 
upon  Missouri,  his  adopted  state,  by  his  masterful  ability  as  a  public 
speaker,  and  his  strong,  earnest,  humanitarian  efforts  as  an  executive  offi- 
cer. 

Prof.  Charles  V.  Riley,  was  born  in  London,  England,  September 
12,  1843;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1860.  In  1868  established  in  St. 
Louis,  in  company  with  Benjamin  D.  Walsh,  a  scientific  journal  called  the 
American  Entomologist,  and  was  the  same  year  appointed  state  entomol- 
ogist of  Missouri ;  this  position  he  filled  to  the  great  benefit  and  honor  of 
the  state  for  eight  years;  then  he  was  called  to  come  up  higher,  and  took 
position  as  entomologist  of  the  national  department  of  agriculture  at 
Washington.  Prof.  Riley's  valuable  investigations  and  discoveries  with 
regard  to  the  Colorado  beetle  (potato  bug),  the  Rocky  Mountain  locust 
4 


50  HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

(grasshoppers),  the  cotton  worm,  and  the  phylloxera,  or  grape  insect,  hr.ve 
placed  his  name  in  the  foremost  ranks  in  the  world  of  science,  and  among 
the  greatest  of  benefactors  to  the  agricultural  and  horticultural  industries 
of  the  world.  This  he  achieved  while  serving  Missouri  as  state  entomol- 
ogist,  and  through  the  publication  by  the  state  of  his  annual  reports. 
Hence,  the  name  and  good  repute  of  our  noble  commonwealth  is  insepar- 
ably associated  with  his  honor  and  fame,  which  has  reached  the  farthest 
confines  of  every  land  where  potatoes,  cotton  or  grapes  are  cultivated. 


MISSOURI  IN  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

Missouri  was  powerfully  agitated  by  the  controversy  on  the  slavery 
question  in  1818-19-20,  which  resulted  in  the  "Missouri  Compromise." 
This  was  a  compact,  mainly  carried  through  congress  by  the  eloquence 
and  influence  of  the  great  senator,  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  by  which 
it  was  agreed  that  Missouri  should  be  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  slave- 
holding  state ;  but  that  slavery  should  be  forever  excluded  from  any  states 
which  might  thereafter  be  formed  out  of  new  territory  west  of  the  western 
boundary  of  Missouri,  and  north  of  the  parallel  of  3G  degrees,  30  minutes 
of  north  latitude.  This  line  practically  corresponds  with  the  southern 
boundary  of  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado  and  Utah, 
as  they  now  stand. 

In  May,  1854,  congress  passed  a  bill  organizing  the  territories  of 
Kansas  and  Nebraska,  in  which  it  was  declared  that  the  Missouri  Com- 
promise of  1820  did  not  apply  to  them.  This  was  an  indirect  way  of 
repealing  or  rendering  nugatory  the  bargain  made  between  the  northern 
and  the  southern  states  in  that  compromise ;  and  the  floodgates  of  angry 
debate,  contention  and  strife  were  at  once  opened.  This  became  the  issue 
upon  which  all  elections  turned.  Instead  of  slavery  being  prohibited,  as  the 
compromise  of  1820  had  declared  it  should  be,  it  was  thrown  open  for  the 
territorial  legislature  to  decide  whether  it  should  be  free  or  slave  territory. 
In  view  of  this,  there  was  a  rush  and  race  of  settlers  from  the  free  states 
and  the  slave  states  into  Kansas,  to  see  which  party  should  get  control  of 
the  first  territorial  legislature;  and  in  this  movement  Missouri,  as  a  slave 
state,  took  a  prominent  part.  It  was  a  border  country  conflict,  and  there 
was  illegality  and  violence  on  both  sides,  making  a  chapter  in  our  state 
history  the  details  of  which  might  profitably  be  dropped  out  and  forgotten. 
Suffice  to  say,  the  free  state  party  carried  the  election;  and  this  conflict 
was  a  precursor  of  the  great  civil  war. 


HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  51 

In  1860  C.  F.  Jackson  was  elected  governor  of  Missouri.  Abraham 
Lincoln  had  been  elected  President  of  the  United  States  at  the  same  time. 
Governor  Jackson  took  his  seat  January  4,  1S61;  the  question  of  secession 
was  then  already  in  warm  discussion  in  some  of  the  southern  states,  and 
Governor  Jackson  in  his  inaugural  address  maintained  that  "  Missouri 
must  stand  by  the  other  slave-holding  states,  whatever  course  they  may 
pursue."  The  general  assembly  ordered  an  election  to  be  held  February 
18th,  for  members  of  a  state  convention;  the  proposed  object  of  this  con- 
vention was  "  to  consider  the  then  existing  relations  between  the  United 
States,  the  people  and  government  of  the  different  states,  and  the  govern- 
ment and  people  of  the  state  of  Missouri;  and  to  adopt  such  measures  for 
vindicating  the  sovereignty  of  the  state  and  the  protection  of  its  institutions 
as  shall  appear  to  them  to  be  demanded."  This  convention  met,  first  at 
Jefferson  City,  and  afterward  at  St.  Louis,  and  had  a  decided  majority  of 
Unionists — that  is,  of  men  opposed  to  secession;  some  because  they 
believed  in  the  doctrine  of  "  Federal  Nationality,"  as  against  the  doctrine 
called  "State  Rights;"  others  because,  like  A.  H.  Stevens,  of  Georgia, 
they  saw  with  a  clear  eye  that  secession  must  inevitably  result  in  the 
overthrow  of  slavery.  And  thus  the  Union  men  themselves  were  strongly 
divided  into  northern  and  southern  sympathizers.  The  convention  sat  at 
St.  Louis,  without  any  important  results,  from  March  9th  to  22d,  when  it 
adjourned,  subject  to  the  call  of  its  committee  on  federal  relations. 

National  events  rushed  on  rapidly  to  a  crisis  which  would  admit  of  no 
temporizing.  In  April,  Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon;  President  Lincoln 
called  for  75,000  troops;  and  men  must  now  take  sides  for  or  against  the 
national  sovereignty  of  the  lawfully  constituted  Federal  authorities.  Our 
legislature  was  in  session;  its  measures  and  discussions  were  almost 
entirely  of  the  "State  Rights"  type;  and  in  a  message  to  the  legislature 
on  May  3,  1861,  Governor  Jackson  said  the  President's  call  for  troops  "is 
unconstitutional  and  illegal,  tending  toward  a  consolidated  despotism.  *  * 
Our  interest  and  sympathies  are  identical  with  those  of  the  slave-holding 
states,  and  necessarily  unite  our  destiny  with  theirs."  While  these 
influences  were  working  in  the  central  and  western  parts  of  the  state,  and 
organizations  of  "state  guards"  were  being  rapidly  formed  to  resist  the 
federal  authority,  Gen.  Nathaniel  Lyon  and  Col.  F.  P.  Blair  were  actively 
enlisting  men  and  organizing  regiments  in  St.  Louis  and  vicinity,  to  main- 
tain the  federal  authority.  The  most  intense  alarm  and  consternation 
prevailed  throughout  the  state.  Several  minor  conflicts  occurred  between 
state  militia  or  "guards"  and  Union  troops,  all  hinging  upon  the  question 
of  which  power  had  the  right  of  paramount  sovereignty.  The  state 
troops  were  mostly  under  command  of  General  Sterling  Price,  subordinate 
only  to  the  governor  of  the  state;    while  the  federal  troops  were  under 


52  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

command  of  General  Lyon,  by  authority  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States.* 

Governor  Jackson  finally  tried  to  make  terms  with  Gen.  Lyon,  that  no 
federal  troops  should  be  stationed  in  or  allowed  to  pass  through  the 
state.  This  was  refused;  and  the  governor  then  immediately  issued  a 
formal  call,  June  12,  for  50,000  state  militia.  About  April  20th,  nearly 
two  months  before  this,  the  "  state  guards  "  had  seized  the  United  States 
arsenal  at  Liberty,  in  Clay  county,  and  taken  its  stores  and  arms  for 
their  own  use.  This  was  several  weeks  before  the  celebrated  "Camp 
Jackson"  affair.  The  wager  of  battle  was  now  fairly  joined  in  Missouri 
between  different  parties  of  her  own  citizens,  although  volunteers  from 
other  states  soon  began  to  pour  in.  The  following  is  a  chronological  list 
of  the  more  important  actions  and  events: 

April  12,  1861. — Confederates  opened  fire  on  Fort  Sumter,  which  was 
yielded  up  and  evacuated  on  the  14th. 

April  15. — President  Lincoln's  proclamation,  calling  for  75,000  volun- 
teers to  sustain  the  government,  and  calling  a  special  session  of  congress. 

SUCCEEDING    EVENTS    IN    MISSOURI.f 

April  ip. — Gov.  Jackson  wrote  to  David  Walker,  President  of  the 
Arkansas  Convention,  thus:  "I  have  been  from  the  beginning  in  favor  of 
decided  and  prompt  action  on  the  part  of  the  southern  states,  but  the 
majority  of  the  people  of  Missouri,  up  to  the  present  time,  have  differed 
with  me. " 

April  20. — The  U.  S.  arsenal,  at  Liberty,  in  Clay  county,  was  seized 
and  garrisoned  by  about  a  hundred  "  state  guards, "  and  the  arms  and 
cannon  were  distributed  to  their  friends  throughout  the  county,  with  the 
concurrence  of  the  governor. :{; 

April  22. — Governor  Jackson  officially  resented  the  president's  call  for 
troops,  and  called  an  extra  session  of  the  legislature,  to  arm  and  equip 
state  troops.  State  militia  ordered  to  go  into  encampment  on  May  3,  for 
one  week. 

*  It  is  not  tlie  purpose  of  this  history  to  give  a  detailed  narrative  of  events  of  the  war 
time;  neither  to  discuss  the  right  or  the  wrong  of  the  views  of  either  party  in  the  conflict. 
We  only  give  a  brief  mention  of  some  of  the  most  important  incidents  and  leading  actors, 
to  show  how  and  wherein  the  people  of  Missouri  were  themselves  divided  in  opinion, 
what  motives  moved  them,  and  what  events  stand  out  as  of  chief  historic  celebrity. 
Indeed,  we  would  gladly  skip  this  period  of  our  state  history  entirely,  if  it  were  permissible 
in  such  a  work. 

fThe  events  here  given,  in  their  chronological  order,  have  been  collated  from  more 
than  thirty  different  volumes  containing  different  items  or  parts  of  Missouri's  war  history. 
The  narratives,  dates  and  statistics  were  found  often  conflicting ;  and  we  have  endeavored 
to  use  those  only  which  seemed  to  be  the  best  authenticated,  or  the  most  probable  under 
the  circumstances — and  to  localize  events  as  closely  as  possible  by  naming  the  towns, 
streams,  counties,  etc.,  where  they  occurred. 

JThe  governor  had  already  (April  20th)  seized  the  United  States  arsenal  at  Liberty,  and 
had  distributed  among  his  friends  the  arms  it  contained.  " — Draper's  History  of  the  Civil 
War,  Vol.  II,  p.  228. 


HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  53 

April  25,  Night. — Capt.  Lyon  secretly  removed  the  war  stores  in  U. 
S.  arsenal  at  St.  Louis,  by  steamboat,  over  to  Alton,  Illinois. 

April  28. — Gov.  Jackson  wrote  secretly  to  J.  W.  Tucker,  Esq.,  of  St. 
Louis:  "  I  want  a  little  time  to  arm  the  state,  and  I  am  assuming  every 
responsibility  to  do  it  with  all  possible  dispatch.  *  *  *  We  should 
keep  our  own  counsels.  *  *  *  Nothing  should  be  said  about  the  time 
or  the  manner  in  which  Missouri  should  go  out.  That  she  ought  to  go, 
and  will  go  at  the  proper  time,  I  have  no  doubt.  She  ought  to  ha  re 
gone  last  winter,  when  she  could  have  seized  the  public  arms  and  public 
property  and  defended  herself.  "  * 

May  j. — Legislature  met.  Governor  Jackson  denounced  the  presi- 
dent's call  for  troops  as  "  imcomtitutional  and  illegal.  "  Mean  while  Col. 
F.  P.  Blair,  Jr.,  member  of  congress  from  the  1st  district,  of  St.  Louis, 
had  enlisted  one  full  regiment,  and  had  four  others  in  course  of  organiza- 
tion, within  ten  days  from  the  issue  of  the  president's  call. 

May  10. — A  body  of  " state  guards,"  under  command  of  Gen.  D.  M. 
Frost,  acting  under  Governor  Jackson's  authority,  had  established  a  camp 
near  St.  Louis,  called  "Camp  Jackson."  Capt.  Lyon,  who  had  been 
since  February  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  arsenal  at  St.  Louis,  with  a  few 
soldiers  of  the  regular  army  (less  than  500),  discovered  that  the  Camp 
Jackson  men  were  receiving  arms  and  ammunition  by  steamboats  from 
the  south,  in  boxes  marked  "  marble.  "  Accordingly,  on  the  morning  of 
May  10th,  he  with  his  regulars,  and  Col.  Blair  with  his  Missouri  volun- 
teers, surrounded,  surprised  and  captured  the  camp,  taking  as  prisoners 
of  war  639  privates  and  50  officers.  The  arms  captured  consisted  of  20 
cannon,  1200  new  rifles,  several  chests  of  muskets,  and  large  quantities  of 
shot,  shell,  cartridges,  etc. 

May  12. — Gen.  Wm.  S.  Harney  took  command  of  the  Union  forces  in 
Missouri.  Meanwhile  the  legislature  had  passed  an  act  making  every 
able-bodied  man  subject  to  military  duty.  All  public  revenues  for  1860-61 
(about  $3,000,000)  were  authorized  to  be  used  by  the  governor  for  military 
purposes. 

May  2i. — Gen.  Harney  made  a  truce  or  compromise  of  peace  with 
Gen.  Price,  commander  of  the  state  troops. 

June  i. — The  president  repudiated  Gen.  Harney's  truce  with  Price; 
also  removed  him  from  his  command  and  gave  it  to  Gen.  Lyon,  who  had 
on  May  17th  been  appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 

June  4.. — Governor  Jackson  issued  a  circular  claiming  the  Harney- 
Price  compact  to  be  still  in  force. 

June  ii. — Gen.  Price  and  Gov.  Jackson  sought  a  "peace  conference" 
with  Gen.  Lyon  and  Col.  Blair.     The  governor  stipulated  as  a  vital  con- 

*8ee  official  address  of  the  state  convention,  issued  to  the  people  July  31,  1861. 


54  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

dition  of  peace,  that  no  Federal  troops  should  be  stationed  in  or  pass 
through  Missouri.     The  proposition  was  rejected. 

June  12. — Gasconade  railroad  bridge  burnt;  also,  Osage  river  bridge; 
and  telegraph  lines  cut  that  connected  with  St.  Louis. 

June  ij. — Governor  Jackson  issued  a  call  for  50,000  state  militia,  to  repel 
federal  invasion;  referred  to  the  president  as  "  the  military  despotism  which 
has  introduced  itself  at  Washington;"  and  said  to  the  people,  "your  first 
allegiance  is  due  to  your  own  state."  He  appointed  ex-Governor  Ster- 
ling Price  as  major  general;  and  M.  L.  Clark,  John  B.  Clark,  Parsons, 
Slack,  Harris,  Rains,  McBride,  Stein  and  Jeff.  Thomson,  as  brigadier- 
generals.  The  state  militia  were  called  to  rendezvous  at  Boonville  and 
Lexington.  The  governor  and  other  officers  left  Jefferson  City  for  Boon- 
ville this  day,*  while  at  the  same  time  General  Lyon  was  embarking  with 
1,500  men  at  St.  Louis,  to  take  and  hold  the  state  capital. 

June  15. — General  Lyon  arrived  at  Jefferson  City. 

June  16. — Re-embarked  his  troops  for  Boonville. 

June  17. — Battle  of  Boonville.  Colonel  Marmaduke  defeated.  State 
troops  retreated  to  Warsaw,  with  loss  of  fifty  killed.  Federal  loss,  two 
killed. 

June  18-19.— Colonel  O'Kane,  with  350  state  militia,  surprised  in  the 
night,  a  half-formed  Union  regiment  at  Cole  Camp,  in  Benton  county,  under 
Capt.  Cook.  Pollard's  "  Southern  History  "  says,  in  this  affair  the  Union- 
ists lost  206  killed,  a  large  number  wounded,  and  over  100  taken  prison- 
ers, beside  362  muskets  captured;  O'Kane  lost  15  killed  and  20  wounded. 

July  j. — Governor  Jackson  and  General  Price  were  at  Montevallo,  in 
Vernon  county,  with  (Pollard  says)  3,600  state  troops. 

July  5-6.— Battle  of  Carthage  (or  Dry  Fork),  in  Jasper  county;  union 
loss,  13  killed  and  31  wounded ;  state  troops,  under  Price  and  Jackson, 
lost  about  300  killed  and  wounded.  Gen.  Seigel,  the  union  commander, 
fell  back  sixty  miles,  to  Springfield  and  joined  Gen.  Lyon. 

July  8.—  A  small  fight  occurred  at  Bird's  Point,  in  Mississippi  county. 
Confederates  lost  3  killed  and  8  wounded.  Federal  loss,  if  any,  not  reported. 

July  22. — The  state  convention,  which  had  adjourned  subject  to  the 
call  of  its  committee  on  federal  relations,  re-convened  at  Jefferson   City. 

July  25. — Maj.  Gen.  Fremont  arrived  at  St.  Louis,  as  commander  of 
the  western  department,  which  comprised  Illinois,  Kentucky,  Missouri, 
Kansas,  and  the  territories  westward. 

July  jo.— State  convention,  by  a  vote  of  56  to  25,  declared  the  state 
offices  and  seats  in  legislature  vacant,  by  reason  of  their  occupants  being 
engaged  in  treasonable  and  armed  hostilities  against  the  lawfully  consti- 

"  *The  capture  of  Camp  Jackson  and  the  flight  of  the  chief  executive  from  the  capital, 
•was  the  occasion  of  a  partial  destruction  of  the  Osage  and  Gasconade  bridges  [railroad],  as 
well  as  those  over  Gray's  creek,  west  of  Jefferson  City." — Annual  report  of  state  commis- 
sioner of  statistics,  1866,  p.  255. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  55 

tuted  federal  authorities,  and  that  all  legislative  and  executive  acts  in  pur 
suance  of  such  treason  or  armed  hostility,  pretended  to  be  done  in  the 
name  and  by  authority  of  the  state  of  Missouri,  were  null  and  void. 
They  elected  to  fill  the  state  office  vacancies,  H.  R.  Gamble,  governor; 
W.  P.  Hall,  lieutenant  governor;  Mordecai  Oliver,  secretary  of  state; 
and  appointed  the  first  Monday  of  November  as  a  day  of  general  election. 

July  j i. — Lieut.  Governor  Reynolds,  whose  office  had  been  declared 
vacant  by  the  state  convention,  issued  a  proclamation,  dated  at  New  Mad- 
rid, July  31,  in  which  he  said:  "I  return  to  the  state,  to  accompany  in 
my  official  capacity,  one  of  the  armies  which  the  warrior  statesman  [Jef- 
ferson Davis],  whose  genius  now  presides  over  the  affairs  of  our  half  of 
the  Union,  has  prepared  to  advance  against  the  common  foe.  *  *  * 
You  behold  the  most  warlike  population  on  the  globe,  the  people  of  the 
lower  Mississippi  valley,  about  to  rush  with  their  gleaming  bowie-knives 
and  unerring  rifles,  to  aid  us  in  driving  out  the  abolitionists  and  their  Hes- 
sion  allies.         *  The  road  to  peace  and  internal  security  is  only 

through  union  with  the  south.  Rally  to  the  stars  and  bars, 

in  union  with  the  glorious  ensign  of  the  grizzly  bear."* 

August  2. — Battle  of  Dug  Springs,  in  Lawrence  countv.  General 
McCulloch,  of  Arkansas,  in  command  of  Confederates,  marching  to 
attack  Springfield,  was  checked,  and  fell  back  to  Sarcoxie;  loss,  40  killed, 
44  wounded.  General  Lyon  fell  back  to  Springfield;  loss,  8  killed,  30 
wounded. 

August  j. — Confederate  troops  under  Col.  Martin  E.  Green,  attacked 
Missouri  state  militia,  under  Col.  Moore,  at  Athens,  in  Clark  county,  and 
were  defeated  with  a  loss  of  43  killed. 

August  6. — Governor  Jackson,  being  now  at  Carthage,  and  just  hear- 
ing of  the  action  of  the  state  convention,  also  issued  a  proclamation,  de- 
claring the  union  between  Missouri  and  the  other  states  totally  dissolved, 
and  proclaiming  the  state  of  Missouri  to  be  "  a  sovereign,  free  and  inde- 
pendent republic.'''' 

August  io  —  Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek.  Gen.  Lyon,  Federal,  had 
5,500  infantry,  400  cavalry,  and  18  cannon.  Gen.  McCulloch,  Confeder- 
ate, says  that  his  "effective  force  was  5,300  infantry,  15  pieces  of  artillery, 
and  6,000  horsemen."  (The  Union  officers  imagined  and  reported  more 
than  double  this  number  against  them;  one  said  23,000,  and  another 
24,000.)  The  Confederates  lost  421  killed,  1,317  wounded  and  30  mis- 
sing. The  Federals  reported  223  killed,  721  wounded  and  292  missing, 
and  5  cannon  lost.     Gen.  Lyon  was  killed  in  this  engagement. 

August  14. — Federals  evacuated  Springfield  and  retreated  to  Rolla,but 

*Early  in  March  the  confederate  congress  had  adopted  the  "  stars  and  bars"  as  the  flag 
of  their  confederacy.    The  state  seal  of  Missouri  has  two  grizzly  bears  among  its  emblems. 


56  HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

were  not  pursued.  Earthwork  fortifications  were  this  day  commenced 
around  St.  Louis. 

August  j i. — Gen.  Fremont  issued  a  general  order  proclaiming  martial 
law  in  Missouri;  the  property  of  all  persons  who  had  taken  up  arms 
against  the  United  States  was  declared  to  be  confiscated,  and  "their 
slaves  to  be  free  men"  (President  Lincoln  at  once  annulled  this  last 
clause.) 

September  ij. — Siege  of  Lexington  commenced  by  Gen.  Price.  His 
force  has  been  variously  estimated  from  22,000  to  28,000,  with  13  cannon. 
Col.  Mulligan,  Federal,  had  2,TS0  troops,  with  six  brass  cannon, 
two  howitzers,  and  forty  rounds  of  ammunition.  The  same  day,  at 
Boonville,  the  Confederates,  led  by  Col.  Brown,  attacked  the  Federal  gar- 
rison in  command  of  Col.  Eppstein,  and  were  repulsed  with  a  loss  of  12 
killed  and  30  wounded;  Federal  loss,  1  killed  and  1  wounded. 

September  ij. — Battle  of  Blue  Mills  Lancing,  or  Missouri  Bottom,  in 
Clay  county.  A  body  of  Confederates,  variously  estimated  at  600  to  1,000 
men,  were  on  their  way  to  join  Gen.  Price,  at  Lexington;  and  being  pur- 
sued by  a  body  of  700  Iowa  and  Missouri  Unionist  volunteers,  they  laid 
in  ambush,  and  were  attacked.  The  Federals  lost  16  killed  and  80 
wounded;  the  Confederates  lost  10  killed  and  60  wounded,  repulsed  their 
assailants,  and  then  crossed  over  to  Blue  Mills,  in  Jackson  county,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Missouri,  and  marched  on  to  Lexington. 

September  iS-ip. — Main  battle  of  Lexington. 

September  20. — Col.  Mulligan  surrendered.  Gen.  Price  honorably  rec- 
ognized the  pluck  and  splendid  heroism  of  his  opponents,  who  were  out 
of  both  provisions  and  ammunition,  and  for  two  days  had  had  no  water 
except  the  night  dews  which  settled  in  their  blankets  and  was  wrung  out 
into  camp  dishes  in  the  morning.  He  released  the  privates  on  parole,  but 
retained  the  officers  as  prisoners.  Of  the  Federals  there  were  42  killed 
and  108  wounded.  Gen.  Price  reported  25  killed  and  72  wounded,  from 
his  regular  muster  rolls.  But  nearly  half  the  men  there  with  him  were 
not  formally  enrolled  as  soldiers,  and  the  losses  among  them  could  never 
be  ascertained  with  any  certainty,  though  known  to  be  pretty  large. 

September  21. — A  fight  occurred  at  Papinsville,  in  Bates  county,  in 
which,  as  reported,  17  Unionists  were  killed,  and  40  Confederates  killed 
and  100  captured. 

September  27. — Gen.  Fremont  left  St.  Louis  for  Jefferson  City,  in  pur- 
suit of  Price,  with  an  army  of  15,000  infantry,  5,000  cavalry,  and  86 
pieces  of  artillery;  his  chief  officers  were  Generals  Hunter,  Pope,  Siegel, 
McKinstry  and  Asboth.  But  Price  was  too  good  a  general  to  be  caught 
at  a  disadvantage;  he  however  skillfully  managed  to  lead  the  Federals  on 
wild  goose  chases  after  him  all  over  southern  Missouri. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  57 

October  ij. — Secretary  of  War  Cameron,  and  Adj't.    Gen.   Thomas, 

visited  Fremont  at  Tipton. 

On  the  same  day  the  Federal  garrison  at  Lebanon,  in  LaClede  county, 

was  attacked  unsuccessfully  by  Confederates,    who   lost   27  killed,  12 

wounded,  and  36  taken  prisoners.     Federal  loss,  1  killed   and   several 

wounded. 

October  14.. — On  this  day  Fremont's  army  reported  thus: 

1st  division,    Gen.  Hunter,  at  Tipton 9,750  men 

2d  "  Gen  Pope,  at  Georgetown 9,220  men 

3d  "  Gen.  Siegel,  at  Sedalia 7,980  men 

4th        "  Gen.  Asboth,  at  Tipton 6,451  men 

5th        "  Gen.  McKinstry,  at  Syracuse 5,388  men 

Total 38,789  men 

They  were  all  hunting  for  Gen.  Price,  to  give  him  battle;  he  was  not 
yet  ready  for  a  pitched  battle,  but  he  worried  the  Federals  a  great  deal  by 
decoying  them  into  many  a  long  and  fruitless  march. 

About  this  time  several  small  fights  occurred  in  different  parts  of  the 
state,  but  of  which  few  particulars  can  be  obtained.  The  "  American 
Annual  Cyclopedia,"  for  1861,  gives  the  following  statistics:  Oct.  15, 
Big  River  bridge,  Federal  loss,  1  killed,  7  wounded,  52  missing;  Confed- 
erate loss,  20  killed,  4  wounded.  October  16,  Bolivar  Heights  [in  Polk 
county],  Federal  loss,  7  killed;  Confederate  loss,  150  killed.  Oct.  17, 
Pilot  Knob,  Federal  loss,  1  killed,  10  wounded;  Confederate  loss,  36 
killed.  Oct.  19,  Big  Harrison  Creek,  Federal  loss,  2  killed,  14  wounded; 
Confederate  loss,  14  killed,  8  missing.  Oct.  23,  West  Liberty  [in  Putnam 
county],  Federal  loss,  2  wounded;  Confederate  loss,  15  killed,  30  wounded.* 

October  16. — Recapture  of  Lexington  by  Major  White,  releasing  Union 
prisoners,  including  two  colonels  of  Mulligan's  brigade. 

October  21. — Battle  of  Fredericktown,  in  Madison  countv.  Confeder- 
ate Col.  Jeff  Thompson  was  defeated  with  loss  of  200  killed,  and  made  a 
hasty  retreat,  leaving  60  of  his  dead  behind  him.     Federal  loss,  30  killed. 

October  24. — Battle  of  Springfield.  Major  Zagonyi,  with  300  cavalry, 
known  as  "  Fremont's  Bodv  Guard,  "  attacked  an  irregular  force  estima- 
ted at  1,200  foot  and  400  horsemen,  and  defeated  them,  losing  84  of  his 
men  killed  or  wounded;  100  of  his  troops  were  Kentnckians.  The  Con- 
federate loss  was  known  to  be  considerable,  but  could  never  be  fully  ascer- 
tained; their  dead  were  buried  the  next  day,  under  a  flag  of  truce. 

October  27. — Gen.  Siegel  reached  Springfield  with  his  division.  Fre- 
mont was  concentrating  his  army  at  Springfield,  to  fortify  and  hold  it  as 

*In  the  greater  number  of  battles  in  this  state  the  Federals  had  the  advantage  of  more 
artillery  than  the  Confederates,  and  men  better  skilled  in  its  use;  and  this  is  why  the 
losses  on  the  Confederate  side  so  often  seem  out  of  proportion. 


58  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

the  key  to  southwestern    Missouri  and  northern    Arkansas,  where  Price 
and  MeCulloch  were  operating. 

November  2. — Fremont  was  removed  from  command  and  Gen.  Hunter 
placed  in  his  stead. 

November  2. — A  sharp  tight  occurred  on  Bee  Creek,  between  Weston 
and  Platte  City,  in  Platte  county:  the  Confederate  loss  is  given  as  13  killed 
and  30  missing;  Federal  loss  not  known. 

November  7. — Gen.  Hunter  evacuated  Springfield  and  fell  back  to  Rolla. 
This  same  day  the  battle  of  Belmont  occurred;  Federal  loss,  84  killed, 
388  wounded,  and  285  taken  prisoners.  Pollard's  "Southern  History" 
says  the  Confederate  loss  in  this  battle  was  632.  But  the  National  Hand- 
Book  reports  the  Confederate  losses  as  261  killed,  427  wounded,  and  278 
missing. 

November  18. — Gen.  H.  W.  Halieck  arrived  at  St.  Louis  and  took  com- 
mand, in  place  of  Gen.  Hunter. 

November  21. — Gen. Halieck  issued  an  order  that  no  fugitive  slaves  should 
be  permitted  to  enter  the  lines  of  any  camp,  nor  of  any  forces  on  the  march- 
(^President  Lincoln  had  some  time  before  this  annulled  Gen.  Fremont's 
order  declaring  certain  slaves  free.) 

November  27. —  Gen.  J.  M.  Schofield  placed  in  command  of  Missouri 
Federal  troops. 

November  and  December. — During  these  months  there  occurred  several 
irregular  conflicts  of  no  great  importance,  but  still  deemed  worthy  of  cas- 
ual mention  in  Horace  Greely's  History  of  the  War,  because  they  served 
to  show  how  the  Missouri  people  were  divided  among  themselves,  and 
therebv  suffered  the  more.  The  village  of  Warsaw  was  burned  Nov.  19,. 
and  Platte  City,  Dec.  16,  by  guerillas;  a  small  fight  occurred  at  Salem 
Dec.  3,  at  Rogers'  mill  Dec.  7,  and  at  or  near  Glasgow,  Potosi,  Lexing- 
ton, Mount  Zion,  and  Sturgeon,  on  Dec.  2Sth. 

December  j. — Col.  Freeman  with  a  regiment  of  Confederate  cavalry, 
made  a  night  attack  on  Federal  troops  under  Col.  Bowen,  near  Salem,  in 
Dent  county,  and  was  defeated,  with  a  loss  of  16  killed,  20  wounded  and 
10  prisoners.  Federal  loss,  3  killed,  8  wounded,  2  missing.  Col.  Free- 
man had  suffered  a  sore  defeat  near  Springer's  mill,  in  the  east  part  of 
the  county,  in  August;  but  no  further  particulars  could  be  obtained. 

December  75. — Gen.  Pope  captured  300  recruits  and  70  wagons  loaded 
with  supplies,  going  from  Lexington  to  join  Gen.  Price,  who  was  then  at 
Osceola  with  8,000  men. 

December  18. — Col.  J.  C.  Davis,  of  Pope's  army,  surprised  a  Confeder- 
ate camp  at  Milford,  and  captured  3  colonels,  17  captains,  1,300  soldiers,. 
1,000  stand  of  arms,  1,000  horses,  besides  all  their  tents,  baggage  and 
supplies.     Federal  loss,  2  killed,  17  wounded. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  .o!> 

December  90. — By  a  concerted  night  attack,  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joe 
railroad  was  broken,  and  bridges  destroyed  tor  about  a  hundred  miles* 

OPERATIONS    IN    lVl .' _ 

March  j. — Price  and  McCulloch,  at  Boston  Mountain,  Arkansas,  were 
joined  by  Maj.  Gen.  \  an  Dorn.  Confederate  commander  of  the  Trans- 
Mississippi  department,  and  by  Gen.  Pike,  with  a  brigade  of  Indians  from 
the  Indian  Territory.  This  army  now  numbered  about  20,000,  all  under 
Gen.  Van  Dorn.  , 

March  y-8. — Battle  of  Pea  Ridge.  Although  Pea  Ridge  is  really  in 
Arkansas  (just  over  the  line  i,  the  battle  was  fought  bv  the  Confederates 
to  regain  a  foothold  in  Missouri,  and  it  properly  belongs  to  the  historv  of 
Missouri  military  operations.  The  Federal  forces  under  Gen.  Curtis 
engaged  in  this  battle  were  10,500  men  and  49  cannon.  Gen.  Van  Dorn's 
army  is  variously  given  by  different  southern  authorities,  all  :he  way 
from  16,000  to  30,000.  The  Federal  loss  was  303  killed,  972  wounded,  176 
missing.  Count  Paris"  history  states  that  the  Confederates  "left  more 
than  one  thousand  men  in  killed  and  wounded  upon  that  long-contested 
battle-field/'  The  Confederate  Generals  McCulloch  and  Mcintosh  were 
mortally  wounded  in  this  battle,  and  Gen.  Buckner  was  captured.  The 
Confederates  lost  1,100  killed,  2,500  wounded,  and  1,600  taken  prisoners. 

August  6. — Battle  of  Kirksville.  Col.  Porter,  with  2,000  or  3,000  Con- 
federates, mostly  raw  recruits  who  had  been  destroying  bridges,  was 
attacked  bv  Col.  McNeil  with  1,000  cavalry  and  6  cannon.  Battle  lasted 
four  hours.  Confederates  retreated,  with  loss  of  ISO  killed  and 
wounded,  and  some  wagon  loads  of  arms  and  other  supplies.  Federal 
loss,  88  killed  and  60  wounded. 

August  io. — Federals  attacked  1,200  Confederates  under  Col.  Poindex- 
ter  while  crossing  the  Chariton  river.  After  a  running  right  of  three  or 
four  days,  Col.  Poindexters  troops  were  all  killed,  captured  or  dispersed, 
and  himself  taken  prisoner. 

August  ii. — Col.  Hughes  captured  the  Federal  garrison  of  312  men  of 
the  7th  Missouri  cavalry,  stationed  at  Independence. 

August  ij. — Battle  of  Lone  Jack,  in  Jackson  county.  Col.  Coffey  and 
Col.  Hughes,  with  4*500  men,  attacked  the  Federals  under  Major  Foster, 
wounding  him,  capturing  his  two  cannon,  and  compelling  him  to  retreat 
to   Lexington.     The  victorious  Confederates  were  in  turn  pursued  by 

"♦Jly  order  of  Gen.  Sterling  Price,  it  [the  North  Missouri  Railroad]  was  partially- 
destroyed  in  June  and  Jul  v.  1861;  and  on  the  20th  of  December.  1661.  for  a  hundred  miles, 
everv  bridge  and  culvert  was  broken  down,  and  a  perfect  wreck  made  of  everything  that 
could  be  destroyed.  In  September  and  October,  1664.  two  trains  of  cars  and  seven  depots 
were  burned,  and  several  encines  iDJured." — Annual  Report  State  Ccmnnitaioner  of  Stati$- 
t»«,  1866 ;  p.  258. 


60  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

stronger  bodies  of  the  National  troops,  and  rapidly  retreated  toward 
Arkansas. 

September  24.. — Gen.  Curtis  placed  in  command  of  all  Union  troops  in 
Missouri. 

October  1. — Battle  of  Newtonia,  in  Newton  county.  Gen.  Salomon,  of 
Wisconsin,  was  defeated  by  Confederate  cavalry.  Losses  not  known. 
Gen.  Hindman  was  advancing  from  Arkansas  with  13,000  to  20,000  Con- 
federates, poorly  armed.  Gen.  Schofield  came  up  with  10,000  troops  to 
attack  him  at  Newtonia,  but  he  retreated  back  into  Arkansas,  closely 
pursued  by  the  Federals. 

December  7. — Battle  of  Prairie  Grove,  Ark.  This,  being  just  over  the 
line,  was  practically  a  Missouri  battle;  it  was  fought  between  the  same 
armies  which  had  been  so  long  contending  for  the  mastery  in  this  state. 
Our  own  state  Generals,  Marmaduke,  Parsons  and  Frost,  were  in  com- 
mand, under  Gen.  Hindman.  The  Federal  commanders  were  Generals 
Blunt  and  Herron.  Federal  loss,  495  killed,  600  wounded;  the  Confeder- 
ates lost  1,500  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  suffered  a  defeat. 

events  in  1863. 

January  8. — Battle  of  Springfield.  General  Brown  with  1,200  Mis- 
souri State  militia,  was  attacked  by  Gen.  Marmaduke  with  1,870  Confed- 
erate troops.  The  battle  lasted  eight  hours.  Federal  loss,  14  killed,  145 
wounded,  5  missing.  Confederates  lost,  41  killed  and  160  wounded,  80 
of  the  latter  being  left  as  prisoners. 

January  11. — Battle  of  Hartsville.  Firing  commenced  at  11  A.  M.,  and 
continued  until  4:30  p.  m.  Confederates  under  Generals  Marmaduke  and 
Porter  lost  300  killed  and  wounded,  and  29  taken  prisoners.  Among  the 
killed  were  Gen.  McDonald  and  Col.  Porter,  besides  six  other  officers.  The 
Federals  were  under  Col.  Samuel  Merrill,  (afterward  Governor  of  Iowa), 
and  lost  7  killed,  64  wounded  and  7. missing.  The  Confederates  retreated 
back  into  Arkansas. 

March  28. — Steamboat  "  Sam.  Gaty  "  captured  by  Confederates  at 
Sibley's  landing,  near  Independence. 

April  26. — The  Federal  garrison  at  Cape  Girardeau  under  Gen.  Mc- 
Neil was  attacked  by  Gen.  Marmaduke  with  10,000  men,  and  a  battle  of 
five  hours  ensued,  in  which  the  assailants  lost  60  killed  and  over  300 
wounded.  They  retreated  back  into  Arkansas,  being  pursued  to  the  state 
line  by  Missouri  militia,  and  a  few  more  were  killed  or  captured. 

May  1  j. — Gen.  Schofield  was  placed  in  command  in  Missouri,  succeed- 
ing Gen.  Curtis. 

August  ij. — Col.  Coffey,  Confederate,  attacked  the  6th  Missouri  cav- 
alry under  Col.  Catherwood,  at  Pineville,  in  McDonald  county,  and  was 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  61 

repulsed,  with    loss   of  200   killed,    wounded    and  prisoners,  besides  his 
wagons,  munitions  and  cattle. 

October  /j.— Battle  near  Arrow  Rock,  Saline  county.  Confederates 
reported  2,500  in  number,  under  Cols.  Shelby  and  Coffey,  were  attacked 
by  Missouri  state  militia  under  Gen.  E.  B.  Brown,  and  defeated  with  a 
loss  of  300  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  besides  all  their  artillery  and 
baggage.  Fight  lasted  five  hours.  Federal  loss  not  known,  though 
reported  as  "  also  large." 

events  in  1864. 

January  28. — Gen.  Rosecrans  arrived  at  St.  Louis  and  took  command 
of«the  Department  of  Missouri. 

June  — .The  Belgian  Consul,  who  was  state  commander  of  the  secret 
order  of  "  American  Knights, "  or  "  Sons  of  Liberty,  "  was  arrested,  with 
forty  of  the  most  prominent  members,  and  held  as  hostages,  because  proof 
had  been  discovered  that  they  were  plotting  against  the  Federal  authori- 
ties. 

September  26.— Gen.  Price,  with  10,000  men,  attacked  the  Federal  gar- 
rison at  Ironton  (near  Pilot  Knob\  in  command  of  Gen.  Thomas  Ewing, 
jr.,  with  1,200  men.  After  a  day's  hard  fighting  the  Federals  spiked  their 
fort  guns  and  retreated  in  the  night  to  Rolla,  having  lost  200  killed  and 
wounded.     The  Confederates  lost  1,500. 

October  7. — Battle  or  skirmish  of  Moreau  creek,  in  Cole  county,  which 
Gen.  Price  crossed,  and  formed  his  army  in  line  of  battle  about  four  miles 
long  around  Jefferson  City.  But  finding  the  Federal  garrison  intrenched, 
he  marched  on  west  without  attacking  them.  (The  Federals  had  6,700 
men  there). 

October  22.— Gen.  Pleasanton's  Federal  cavalry  defeated  Col.  Fagan  at 
Independence,  capturing  two  cannon. 

October  23. — Battle  on  the  Big  Blue  creek,  in  Jackson  county,  lasting 
from  7  a.  m.,  till  1  p.  m.     Confederates  retreated  southward. 

October  25. — Battle  on  little  Osage  Creek  in  Vernon  countv.  Gen. 
Price  was  defeated,  the  Federals  under  Gen.  Pleasonton  capturing  eight 
cannon,  and  Generals  Marmaduke  and  Cabell,  besides  five  colonels  and 
1,000  men,  with  all  equipments,  supplies,  etc.  The  fighting  had  been 
almost  continuous  by  some  part  of  the  troops,  all  along  the  march  from 
Independence  to  the  Little  Osage;  and  reports  at  this  point  give  the  Fed- 
eral loss  at  1,000  killed  and  wounded,  and  about  2,000  taken  prisoners; 
Confederate  loss,  900  killed,  3,800  wounded  and  prisoners,  and  ten  cannon 
captured  from  them. 

October  28. — Gen.  Price  again  made  a  stand  at  Newtonia,  in  Newton 
county,  and  had  a  sharp  fight  with  the  Federals  under  Gens.  Blunt  and  San- 
born, but  was  defeated  and  escaped  into  Arkansas.     And  this  was  the 


132  HISTORY'    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

last  encounter  that  can  be  called  a  "battle"  within  the  bounds  of  our  state. 
The  numbers  engaged  on  either  side,  and  their  losses  in  this  last  fight  are 
not  reported. 

MEN  AND  MONEY  FOR  THE  WAR 

Under  President  Lincoln's  first  call,  April  15,  1861,  for  75,000  volun- 
teers, Missouri  furnished  10,501  men;  and  she  furnished  a  total  of  108,773 
Federal  or  Union  soldiers  during  the  war.  The  total  number  of  citizens 
of  Missouri  who  took  up  arms  on  the  Confederate  side  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained. 

During  the  war  the  state  issued  its  indebtedness  called  "Defense  War- 
rants" and  "Union  Military  Bonds,"  for  equipping  and  maintaining  the 
militia  organizations  of  the  state;  the  total  amount  was  $7,870,575.  All 
■of  the  defense  warrants  and  one-half  of  the  Union  military  bonds  were 
made  receivable  for  state  taxes;  and  a  special  fund  was  created  for  the 
redemption  of  the  balance.  The  United  States  paid  to  the  state  of  Mis- 
souri a  total  of  $6,440,323.95,  to  reimburse  her  for  military  expenses 
incurred. 

ST.  LOUIS  IN  THE  WAR-TIME. 

Notwithstanding  the  strenuous  competition  of  other  cities,  the  superior 
advantages  of  St.  Louis  for  distribution,  and  a  due  regard  for  its  own 
interests,  compelled  the  government  to  make  St.  Louis  the  western  base 
of  supplies  and  transportation.  During  the  war  the  transactions  of  the 
government  at  this  point  were  very  large.  Gen.  Parsons,  chief  of  trans- 
portation in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  submits  the  following  as  an  approxi- 
mate summary  of  the  operations  in  his  department  from  1S60  to  1S65: 

AMOUNT  OF  TRANSPORTATION. 

Cannons  and  caissons 800 

Wagons 13,000 

Cattle 80,000 

Horses  and  mules 250,000 

Troops 1,000,000 

Pounds   of  military  stores 1,950,000,000 

Gen.  Parsons  thinks  that  full  one-half  of  all  the  transportation  employed 
by  the  government  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  was  furnished  by 
St.  Louis.  From  September,  1881,  to  December  31, 1865,  Gen.  Haines, 
chief  commissary  of  this  department,  expended  at  St.  Louis  for  the  pur- 
chase of  subsistence  stores,  $50,700,000.  And  Gen.  Myers,  chief  quar- 
termaster of  the  department,  disbursed  for  supplies,  transportation,  and 
incidental  expenses,  $180,000,000. 


HISTORY   OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  63 

HOSPITAL  SERVICE. 

As  a  part  of  the  war  history  of  Missouri,  the  /military  hospitals  of  St. 
Louis  claim  at  least  a  brief  mention.  After  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek 
it  became  apparent  that  the  government  provision  for  hospitals  was 
entirely  inadequate  to  the  emergency.  A  voluntary  organization,  called 
the  Western  Sanitary  Commission,  was  formed,  consisting  of  James  E. 
Yeatman  (now  of  the  Merchant's  National  Bank),  Rev.  Wm.  G.  Eliot,  D. 
D.,  (now  Chancellor  of  Washington  University),  George  Partridge, 
(recently  Vice  President  of  Trustees  of  State  Blind  Asylum),  Carlos  S. 
Greeley  and  John  B.  Johnson.  Their  purpose  was  to  receive  and  distrib- 
ute hospital  supplies  furnished  by  the  people,  and  in  every  practicable  way 
aid  and  co-operate  with  the  military  authorities  in  the  care  of  the  sick  and 
wounded.  The  first  woman  regularly  mustered  into  the  United  States 
service  as  a  hospital  nurse,  in  Missouri,  was  Mrs.  F.  R.  H.  Reid,  M.  D., 
from  Wisconsin,  (now  resides  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa).  She  was  the 
woman  coadjutor  of  U.  S.  Surgeon,  Dr.  Mills,  in  opening  and  starting  the 
first  large  volunteer  hospital,  which  was  known  as  the  Chestnut  street 
hospital;  and  afterward  she  took  the  same  part  in  the  Fourth  street  hos- 
pital; and  also  with  Dr.  Melchior  in  the  Marine  hospital;  also  in  a  tem- 
porary post  hospital  at  Su'phur  Springs. 

To  give  an  idea  of  the  largeness  of  the  hospital  work,  we  quote  from  a 
circular  printed  at  St.  Louis,  Nov.  22,  1861,*  which  says:  "There  are 
ten  military  hospitals  in  St.  Louis  alone,  with  a  maximum  capacity  for 
3,500  patients.  The  number  of  patients  varies  every  day,  but  on  Wednes- 
day, November  20th,  they  reported  patients  under  treatment  as  follows: 

House  of  Refuge  hospital,  [Sisters  of  Charity  nurses] 475 

Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets  hospital,, 464 

Good  Samaritan  hospital,  [for  measles,] 173 

Fourth  street  hospital, 328 

Jefferson  barracks  hospital 72 

Arsenal  hospital, 16 

Camp  Benton  hospital, 106 

Pacific  hospital,  [depot  for  the  hospital  cars] 30 

~\incan's  Island  hospital,  [for  small-pox:  cases  all  convalescent,] ....        4 
Convalescent  barracks,  [known  as  Camp  Benton,] 800 

Total, 2,468 

"(This  does  not  include  the  company,  regiment  and  brigade  hospitals, 
of  which  there  are  several.)  The  average  mortality  has  been  about  four 
per  cent.  A  hospital  car,  properly  fitted  up  and  manned,  passes  daily 
over  the  railroad  to  the  interior,  to  bring  in  the  sick  and  wounded.  The 
arrangements  for  decent  burial,  registration  of  deaths,  identification,  etc., 

♦Prepared  and  published  by  H.  A.  Reid,  Associate  Member  for  Wisconsin  of  the  U.  S. 
Sanitary  Commission. 


64  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

are  very  complete.  The  body  of  any  soldier  who  may  die  in  any  of  the 
hospitals  may  be  identified,  and  removed  for  other  obsequies  or  burial  by 
relatives  or  friends.  There  are  no  hospital  chaplains;  but  nurses  are  in- 
structed by  the  sanitary  commission,  that  every  patient  who  asks  for  it, 
will  be  visited  by  a  clergyman  of  his  own  choice,  at  any  hour." 

There  were  hospitals  also  at  Jefferson  City,  Rolla  and  Ironton  at  this 
time.  This  circular  contained  a  classified  list,  prepared  by  Mrs.  Reid,  of 
over  a  hundred  different  articles  needed  for  the  care,  comfort  and  welfare 
of  the  soldiers  in  hospital,  beyond  what  the  general  government  could 
furnish;  the  whole  document  was  reprinted  by  state  authority  at  Madison, 
Wisconsin,  and  widely  circulated.  In  a  letter  dated  St.  Louis,  Jan.  14, 
1862,  Mr.  Yeatman  said:  "Wisconsin  has  contributed  most  largely  to- 
wards supplying  comforts  for  the  sick  in  camps  and  hospitals  in  this 
department,  second  to  but  one  other  state — Massachusetts. " 

There  was  a  prison  hospital  for  sick  Confederate  prisoners,  to  whom 
supplies  were  furnished  from  the  stores  of  the  sanitary  commission,  the 
same  as  to  the  Union  soldiers;  and  wounded  Confederates  were  cared  for 
in  the  general  hospitals  the  same  as  those  of  the  Federal  troops.  The 
writer  hereof  was  an  eye-witness  to  this  fact;  and  is  glad  to  record  it  as  a 
testimony  of  the  true  Christian  spirit  of  the  sanitary  commission  and  the 
magnanimity  of  the  Federal  authorities. 

THE  WARTIME  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

The  civil  authority  of  the  state  remained  vested  in  the  state  conven- 
tion from  July,  1861,  until  July,  1863.  This  provisional  body  held  the 
following  sessions: 

1861— Jefferson  City,  February  28  to  March  4. 
St.  Louis,  March  6  to  March  22. 
Jefferson  City,  July  22  to  July  81. 
St.  Louis,  October  10  to  October  18. 

1862— Jefferson  City,  June  2  to  June  14. 

1863— Jefferson  City,  June  15  to  July  1,  when  it  adjourned  sine  die. 

The  course  of  affairs  had  now  become  so  far  settled  and  pacified  that 
civil  proceedings  were  again  possible,  and  the  regular  fall  elections  were 
held  this  year,  1863.  On  the  13th  of  February,  1864,  the  general  assem- 
bly convened,  and  passed  an  act  to  authorize,  the  election  of  sixty-six 
members  to  a  state  convention,  "to  consider  such  amendments  to  the  con- 
stitution of  the  state  as  might  by  it  be  deemed  necessary  for  the  emanci- 
pation of  slaves;*  to  preserve  in  purity  the  elective  franchise  to  loyal 
citizens,  and  for  the  promotion  of  the  public  good." 

This  convention  met  in  St.  Louis,  January  6,  1865;  and  on  the  11th  of 

*  President  Lincoln's  emancipation  proclamation,  January  1,  1863,  only  applied  to  slaves 
within  such  states  or  parts  of  states  as  were  then  controlled  by  the  Confederate  power. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 


65 


the  same  month  it  passed,  by  a  vote  of  sixty  ayes  to  four  noes,  an  ordi- 
nance emancipating  all  slaves  within  the  state,  and  providing  that  it 
should  take  effect  immediately.  The  convention  also  framed  a  new  con- 
stitution, in  many  respects  quite  different  from  the  old  one.  The  final 
vote  in  convention  on  the  new  instrument  stood  thirty-eight  for,  to  thirteen 
against  it.  The  convention  adjourned  April  10,  sine  die.  In  June  the 
people  voted  on  the  new  constitution,  and  the  vote  stood  43,670  for,  to 
41,808  against  it. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  most  notable  new  features  embodied  in 
the  organic  law  of  the  state,  and  will  readily  explain  why  there  was  such 
a  large  vote  against  its  adoption:  It  established  an  oath  of  loyalty  to  the 
United  States;  and  those  who  would  not  take  the  oath  it  excluded  from 
the  right  to  vote  or  hold  any  civil  office  whatever,  or  act  as  a  teacher  in 
any  public  school,  or  to  solemnize  marriage  as  a  clergyman,  or  to  practice 
law  in  any  of  the  courts.  It  limited  the  amount  of  land  which  any  church 
or  religious  society  might  hold  to  five  acres  of  land  in  the  country,  or  one 
acre  in  town  or  city;  provided  for  taxing  church  property;  and  declared 
void  any  will  bequeathing  property  to  any  clergyman,  religious  teacher 
or  religious  society  as  such.  There  was  a  section  designed  to  prevent 
the  state  from  giving  public  property,  lands  or  bonds,  to  railroad  compa- 
nies. It  provided  that  after  January  1,  1S76,  no  one  could  become  a  law- 
ful voter  who  was  not  sufficiently  educated  to  be  able  to  read  and  write. 

July  1,  1865,  the  governor,  Thomas  C.  Fletcher,  made  proclamation 
that  the  new  constitution  had  been  duly  ratified  by  a  lawful  majority  of 
the  people,  and  was  thenceforth  the  organic  law  of  the  state.  A  few 
amendments  have  been  since  adopted;  but  in  all  important  points  it 
remains  the  same  to  this  day. 


6Q  HISTORY   OF  THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 


PART  II.— PHYSICAL  AND    INDUSTRIAL. 


GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALS. 

The  geological  history  of  Missouri  commences  at  the  very  bottom  of 
the  scale,  or,  in  what  may  be  termed  the  fire-crust  period  of  geologic 
time.  (See  chart  on  page  67).  Dana's  "Manual  of  Geology"  is  the 
great  standard  work  all  over  the  United  States  on  this  subject.  In  his 
chapter  on  Archaean  Time  he  gives  a  map  and  brief  sketch  of  our  North 
American  continent  as  it  existed  at  that  remote  period,  which  was, 
according  to  a  calculation  made  for  the  Royal  Society  of  London  in  1879,* 
about  600,000,000  years  ago.  And  as  this  is  where  Missouri  first  comes 
to  light,  we  quote  Prof.  Dana's  account  of  the  very  meagre  areas  and 
points  of  our  continent  which  stood  alone  above  the  primeval  ocean  that 
then  enveloped  the  entire  globe  with  its  bubbling,  seething,  sputtering 
wavelets — an  enormous  caldron  of  boiling,  steaming  silicious  lye,  rather 
than  water.     Dana  says: 

"  The  principal  of  the  areas  is  The  Great  JYorthern,  nucleal  to  the  con- 
tinent, lying  mostly  in  British  America,  and  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V,  one  "arm  reaching  northeastward  to  Labrador,  and  the  other  north- 
westward from  Lake  Superior  to  the  Arctic.  The  region  appears  to 
have  been  for  the  most  part  out  of  water  ever  since  the  Archaean  era.f 
To  this  area  properly  belong  the  Adirondack  area,  covering  the  larger 
part  of  northern  New  York,  and  a  Michigan  area  south  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior, each  of  which  was  probably  an  island  in  the  continental  sea  before 
the  Silurian  age  began. 

"  Beside  this  nucleal  area,  there  are  border-mountain  lines  of  Archaean 
rocks:  a  long  Appalachian  line,  including  the  Highland  Ridge  of  Dutch- 
ess county,  New  York,  and  New  Jersey,  and  the  Blue  Ridge  of  Penn- 
sylvania "and  Virginia;  a  long  Rocky  Mountain  series,  embracing  the 
Wind  River  mountains,  the  Laramie  range  and  other  summit  ridges  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  addition,  in  the  eastern  border  region,  there  is 
an  Atlantic  coast  range,  consisting  of  areas  in  New  Foundland,  Nova 
Scotia  and  eastern  New  England.  In  the  western  border  region,  a 
Pacific  coast  range  in  Mexico;  and  several  more  or  less  isolated  areas  in 
the  Mississippi  basin,  west  of  the  Mississippi,  as  in  Missouri,  Arkansas, 
Texas,  and  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota." — Dana's  Manual,  p.  150. 

*See  Popular  Science  Monthly,  May,  1879,  p.  137. 

■f-The  "Archaean  era,"  as  used  by  Prof.  Dana,  in  1874,  (the  date  of  his  latest  revision) 
included  both  the  "Azoic  Age,"  and  "Age  of  Zooliths,"  as  shown  on  the  chart,  p.  67.  When 
Prof.  Dana  wrote,  it  was  still  an  open  question  whether  the  "eozoon"  was  of  animal  or 
mineral  origin ;  but  the  highest  authorities  are  now  agreed  that  it  was  animal ;  and  Prof. 
Reid  has,  therefore,  very  properly  given  it  a  distinct  place  in  his  "  Zoic  Calendar." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MISSOURI. 


67 


GEOLOGICAL     CHART; 

Including  the  Rock  Scale  of  Geological  Periods  and  the  "  Zoic  Calendar  of  Creation."  Compiled 
from  the  works  of  Agassiz,  Lyell,  Huxley,  Hackel,  Dana,  LeConte,  and  other  first  rank  authorities  in 
Science  at  the  present  time.  By  Hibajc  A.  Reid,  Secretary  State  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Dcs  Moines , 
Iowa.    [Published  by  permission  of  the  Author.] 


Explanation.  — The  side  line 
at  the  left  shows  what  portions  of 
geological  time  are  comprehended 
in  the  terms  ••eozoic,"  "  paleo- 
zoic," etc  .  The  first  column 
shows  the  periods  or  '•Ages"  of 
geological  time  during  which  the 
different  successive  types  of  ani- 
mal life  predominated,  or  were  the 
highest  types  then  in  existence. 
And  these  two  divisions  form  the 
"Zoic  Calendar  of  Creation." 

The  second  column  shows  the 
great  general  groupings  of  rock 
strata.in  which  are  found  the  fossil 
remains  of  the  corresponding  ani- 
mal types  named  in  th>;  first  col- 
umn. But,  at  the  "Age  of  Rep- 
tiles" occurs  a  grand  divergement, 
for  it  was  during  this  age  that  an- 
imal life  pushed  out  into  its  most 
wonderful  developments ;  and 
there  came  into  existence  strange 
and  marvelous  forms  of  swimming 
reptile*,  four-footed  and  two-foot- 
ed walking  reptiles,  and  two-foot- 
ed and  four-footed  flying  reptiles. 
Here  also  the  true  bird*  began  to 
appear,  though  with  reptilian  pe- 
culiarities; and  likewise  the  mar- 
supial anima'.s,  which  are  a  tran- 
sitional type,  between  reptiles 
that  produce  their  young  by  laving 
esas  and  the  true  mammals,  that 
bring  forth  their  young  well  ma- 
tured and  then  suckle  them. 

The  third  column  shows  the  les- 
ser groupings  of  rock  beds  as  clas- 
sified by  our  American  geologists; 
but  many  minor  subdivisions  and 
local  groups  are  omitted  lor  want 
of  space.  At  the  top  of  this  col- 
nmn  are  shown  the  geological  pe- 
riods of  first  appearance  ol  races 
of  man.  so  far  as  now  authentica- 
ted by  competent  scientific  au- 
thorities.* 

The  fourth  column  shows  the 
number  of  feet  in  thickness  of  the 
different  groups  of  rock  layers  as 
indicated  by  the  braces. 

This  Chart  is  the  most  compre- 
hensive and  thorough  in  its  de- 
tails, and  yet  the  most  systemati- 
cally and  graphically  presented  to 
the  ejc,  of  anything  in  its  line 
that  has  ever  yet  been  published. 
Here  is  the  whole  story  of  geol- 
ogy and  the  ascent  of  life  con- 
densed into  the  space  of  a  few 
inches,  yet  so  plainly  set  forth  as 
to  readily  fix  itself  in  the  memory 
like  an  "outline  map.  Scientific 
terms  in  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines often  catch  the  reader  at  a 
disadvantage;  but  a  reference  to 
this  chart  will  at  once  show  the 
relative  place  or  period  in  crea- 
tional  progress  to  which  the  best 
authorized  geological  terms  apply. 
It  reaches,  like  a  Jacob's  ladder, 
from  the  lowest  inklings  to  the 
highest  ideals  of  life  on  the  earth, 
as  taught  by  modern  science  and 
the  Christian  Bible. 


THIS  CALENDAR  IS  TO  BE  READ  FROM  THE  BOTTOM  UPWARD. 


AGE  OF  ANGELS. 


ee  Psalms  8:5  LukeM:3S 
Mark  li:-:5  1  Cor.l5:« 
Heb.2:2to9  ReT.22:S,9 


-A.gre  of 

MAX. 


Age  of 
MAMMALS 


Age  of 


Reptiles. 


Age  of 
Amphibians 


Age  of 
FISHES 


AGE 


OF 


i:.'  VERTEBRATES 


Recent. 


Quaternary. 


TERTIARY. 


HISTORIC 'i.^TStJr™ 
PERIOD.     x  s       Tribe« 


MYTHIC 
PERIOD. 


Rude  Agricul 


Terrace  Epoch.     *^    s 


Ctu 


iplain  Epoch,  p* 


GLACIAL  EPOCH. 


Pliocene. 


Miocene. 


Feet  in 

thickness 
o  f  t  h  e 
geological 
group*  of 
rock  form- 
ations. 


m 


8,000 


Eocene. 


Cretaceous.  [  9,000 

___ J 

1  800  to 

\  1.000 


JURASSIC. 


TRIASSIC 


J.3,000  to 
I       5,000 


Carboniferous 


Devonian. 


Upper  Silurian. 


Lower  Silurian, 


AGE  of  ZOOLITHS 

"This  Age  alone  was 
probably  longer  in  dura- 
tion than  all  subsequent 
jeolozical  time." — Pbop. 
LeCONTE. 


w  Primordial  Vegetation 


Eozoon  RocKs. 


Graphite  Beds. 


PERMIAN. 


Coal 

1 6,000  to 

Measures.  !    14-s™ 


Sub-Carboniferous,    i 


Catskill. 


CbttMsng. 


Hamilton. 


!  9,050  to 
14,400 


Comiferous. 


!  6,000  to 
10,000 


Laurentian. 


i  la.oonto 

-  J      15,000 

J 

ilO.OOOto 
\     tJO.OOO 

"I 


:„,,.;, 


Metamorphic  Granites 


FIRE  CRUST. 


-    Un.*rati- 
'  tied. 


Ciprright  1<TJ:  H. A. Reid 


f     180.000,00(1  mi  in  exiling  I 
Qt         down  to  200*  F.  at  the  sor-  '.     Depth 
I  face  [Prof.  Hklstholtz],  a  j  an  known. 
I  temperature  at  which  very 
low  forms  of  vegetation  can 
( exist.  J 


*"  The  existence  of  Pliocene  man  in  Tuscany  ii,  then,  in  nr  opinion,  an 
Beries,  Vol.  XXVII,  p.  151.       "The  Miocene  man  of  La  Beau  ■-  already  knew  the  use  of  fire,  and  worked  flint."  —  lb.  p.  ■:'■»->.      See  also.  Prof. 
Winchell's  "Pre-Adamites."  pp.  42$-"-$ .        "  The  hsman  race  in  America  is  ihown  to  be  at  lesut  of  as  ancient  a  date  as  that  of  the  European 
Pliocene."— Prof.  J,  D.Whitney,    Similar  views  ar»  held  by  Profs.  Leily,  Marsh,  Cope,  Morse,  Wyman,  and  other  scientist!  of  highest  repute. 


•r-aitidc  fact."  —  See  Appletons'  International  Scientific 
-  the  use  of  fire,  and  worked  flint." 


68  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

Thus,  then,  with  the  very  first  emergence  of  dry  land  out  of  the  heav- 
ily saturated  and  steaming  mineral  waters  of  the  primeval  ocean,  we  have 
Pilot  Knob,  Shepherd  Mountain,  and  a  few  smaller  peaks  in  their  vicin- 
ity, forming  an  island  in  the  vast  expanse.  The  next  nearest  island  was 
a  similar  one  at  the  Black  Hills,  in  Dakota.  There  is  no  reason  as  yet 
known  6or  believing  that  any  form  of  life,  either  animal  or  vegetable,  had 
yet  appeared  in  our  Missouri  region.  The  ocean  water  was  still  too  hot, 
and  still  too  powerfully  surcharged  with  mineral  salts,  alkalis  and  acids 
to  admit  of  any  living  tissues  being  formed;  and  the  atmosphere  was  in 
like  manner  thickly  loaded  with  deadliest  acids  in  the  form  of  vapors, 
which  would  partially  condense  as  they  arose,  and  fall  upon  the  iron- 
headed  islands  to  form  a  mineral  crust,  and  then  be  broken  and  washed 
back  into  the  sea.  But  this  process  being  kept  up  and  incessantly 
repeated  for  millions  of  years  (see  Prof.  Helmholtz's  estimate  at  bottom 
of  the  chart),  both  sea  and  air  became  gradually  purified  of  its  excess  of 
minerals  and  acids;  and  the  water  sufficiently  Cooled  to  admit  of  living 
tissues  being  formed;  and  meanwhile  the  condensing  and  crust-forming- 
elements  precipitated  from  the  vapor-laden  air  or  deposited  directly  from 
the  bulk  waters  of  the  shoreless  sea,  were  busily  forming  the  solid  earth. 
The  different  incrustations  would  each  be  a  little  different  in  their  com- 
ponent elements;  and  then  being  broken  up  and  mixed  together  and 
recombined,  partly  in  the  form  of  rough  fragments,  partly  in  the  form  of 
dust  or  sand  ground  into  this  state  by  mechanical  attrition,  partly  in  the 
form  of  fluidized  or  vaporized  solutions,  and  partly  in  the  form  of  molten 
masses  produced  directly  by  the  earth's  internal  fires,  the  process  of  com- 
bining and  recombining,  with  continual  variation  in  the  proportions,  went 
on  through  the  long,  dreary,  sunless  and  lifeless  Azoic  Age. 

But  as  soon  as  the  great  ocean  caldron  got  cooled  down  to  about  200 
degrees  Fahrenheit,  it  was  then  possible  for  a  very  low  form  of  vegetation 
to  exist;  and  although  no  fossil  remains  of  the  first  existing  forms  of  such 
vegetation  have  yet  been  found,  or  at  least  not  conclusively  identified  as 
such,  yet  graphite  or  plumbago,  the  material  from  which  our  lead  pencils 
are  made,  is  found  in  connection  with  the  transition  rocks  between  the 
Azoic  and  the  Zoolithian  ages.  Graphite  is  not  a  mineral  at  all,  but  is 
pure  vegetable  carbon,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  remnant  carbon  of  these 
first  and  lowest  forms  of  tough,  leathery,  flowerless  sea-weeds.  Some 
small  deposits  of  graphite  are  reported  to  have  been  found  in  connection 
with  the  iron  and  metamorphic  granites  of  our  Pilot  Knob  island;  and 
that  would  indicate  the  first  organic  forms  that  came  into  existence  within 
the  boundaries  of  what  now  we  call  the  state  of  Missouri.  Just  think  of 
it!  All  North  America,  except  a  dozen  widely  scattered  spots  or  islands, 
was  covered  with  an  ocean  that  spread  its  seamy  expanse  all  around 
the  globe;  no  sunlight  could  penetrate  the  thick,  dense  cloud  of  vapors 


HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  69 

that  filled  the  enveloping  atmosphere ;  according  to  our  English  author- 
before  cited,  this  was  600,000,000  years  ago,  a  period  which  the  human 
mind  cannot  grasp;  but  the  Almighty  Maker  of  worlds  had  even  then 
commenced  to  make  the  state  of  Missouri  and  its  living  occupants. 

The  earliest  known  forms  of  animal  life,  a  kind  of  coral-making  rhizo- 
pod  (root-footed)  called  Eozoon  Canadcnse,  are  not  found  in  Missouri,  but 
are  found  abundantly  in  what  are  called  the  Laurentian  rocks,  in  Canada 
and  elsewhere.  (See  chart).  It  is  not  to  be  supposed,  however,  that  the 
enormous  period  called  the  "  Age  of  Zooliths  "  passed,  with  forms  of  ani- 
mal life  existing  in  Canada,  but  none  in  our  iron  island  region,  unless  we 
assume  that  the  mineral  acidity  of  the  waters  coming  in  contact  with  this 
island  was  so  intense  as  to  require  all  that  vast  period  for  its  purification 
sufficiently  to  permit  the  existence  of  the  lowest  and  most  structureless 
forms  of  protoplasmic  matter  known  to  science.  Prof.  Swallow  says,  in 
writing  on  the  Physical  Geography  of  Missouri,  "  below  the  magnesian 
limestone  series  we  have  a  series  of  metamorphosed  slates,  which  are 
doubtless  older  than  the  knozun  fossiliferoas  strata;  whether  they  belong  to 
the  Azoic,  the  Laurentian  or  Huronian,  I  am  unable  to  say." 

The  labors  of  our  different  state  geologists  have  not  discovered  any 
fossil  remains  in  Missouri  lower  down  in  the  rock  scale  than  what  is  called 
the  "  Lower  Silurian "  formations,  which  form  the  first  half  of  the 
"  Age  of  Invertebrates  "  in  the  zoic-calendar  portion  of  Prof.  Reid's  chart. 
The  term  "  Invertebrates  "  includes  all  forms  of  animal  life  that  do  not 
have  a  back-bone,  such  as  polyps,  mollusks,  worms,  insects,  crustaceans, 
infusoria,  etc.  By  the  time  this  age  (Silurian)  had  commenced,  our  lone 
island  had  been  joined  by  large  areas  northward,  southwestward,  eastward 
and  northwestward,  so  that  there  began  to  be  a  continent;  and  several 
hundred  species  of  animals  and  plants  have  been  found  fossil  in  the  rocks 
of  this  period,  but  they  are  all  marine  species — none  yet  inhabiting  the 
dry  land.  Our  chart  shows  the  Lower  Silurian  epoch  sub-divided  into 
Cambrian,  Canadian  and  Trenton  formations;  but  there  are  other  local 
sub-divisions  belonging  to  this  period,  the  same  as  to  all  the  other  general 
periods  named  on  the  chart.  The  animals  of  this  period  were  polvps  or 
coral- makers;  worms,  mollusks,  trilobites,asterias  (star-fishes),  all  of  strange 
forms  and  now  extinct.  The  trilobite,  some  species  of  which  are  found  in 
Missouri,  was  the  first  animal  on  the  earth  which  had  eyes,  although 
there  were  likewise  a  great  many  eyeless  species  of  them;  but  the  fact 
that  any  of  them  had  eyes  during  this  age  is  considered  by  some  scientists 
to  prove  that  the  atmosphere  had  by  this  time  become  sufficiently  rarefied 
to  let  the  sunlight  penetrate  clearly  through  it  and  strike  the  earth.  On 
the  other  hand,  others  hold  that  this  did  not  occur  until  after  the  atmos- 
phere had  laid  down  its  surcharge  of  carbonic  acid  and  other  gases,  in  the 
forms  of  limestone  from  animal  life  and  coalbeds  from  vegetable  life;  that 


70  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  MISSOURI. 

is,  there  was  nothing  which  we  would  now  consider  as  clear  sunshine 
until  the  carboniferous  period.  At  any  rate,  Prof.  Dana  says  of  the 
Lower  Saurian,  "there  was  no  green  herbage  over  the  exposed  hills; 
and  no  sounds  were  in  the  air  save  those  of  lifeless  nature, — the  moving- 
waters,  the  tempest  and  the  earthquake."  Having  thus  given  the  reader 
some  idea  of  the  beginnings  of  land  and  the  beginnings  of  life  in  our  old, 
old  state,  space  will  not  permit  us  to  linger  with  details  upon  the  remain- 
ing geological  periods.  We  have  compiled  the  following  table  from  vari- 
ous writings  of  our  able  state  geologist,  Prof.  G.  C.  Swallow,  of  the  State 
University : 

ROCK  FORMATIONS  OF  MISSOURI. 

Igneous  Rocks. — Granite,  porphyry,  syenite,  greenstone,  combined 
with  those  wonderful  beds  of  iron  and  copper  which  are  found  in  the 
Pilot  Knob  region. 

Azoic  Rocks. — Silicious  and  other  slates,  containing  no  remains  of 
organic  life,  though  apparently  of  sedimentary  and  not  of  igneous  origin. 

Lower  Silurian—  Feet  thick. 

Hudson  river  group  (3  local  subdivisions) 220 

Trenton  limestone 360 

Black-river  and  birds-  eye  limestone 75 

1st  magnesian  limestone 200 

Saccharoidal  (sugar-like)  sandstone 125 

2d  magnesian  limestone 230 

2d  sandstone 115 

3d  magnesian  limestone 350 

3d  sandstone 60 

4th  magnesian  limestone 300 


Total  thickness  of  Silurian  rocks 2035 

When  the  reader  remembers  that  these  were  -all  formed  successively 
by  the  slow  process  of  the  settling  of  sediment  in  water,  he  will  get  some 
idea  of  how  it  is  that  geology  gives  such  astounding  measurements  of 
time. 

Upper  Silurian —  Feet  thick. 

Lower  Helderberg  formation 350 

Niagara  group 200 

Cape  Girardeau  limestone 60 

Total  thickness 610 


history  of  the  state  of  missouri.  71 

Devonian — 

(  Chouteau  limestone 85 

Chemung  group  1  Vermicular  sandstone  and  shales 75 

(  Lithographic    limestone 125 

Hamilton  group 40 

Onondaga  limestone  (extremely  variable). 
Oriskany  sandstone  (doubtful'. 
Carboniferous — 

Coal  measures,  consisting  of  strata  of  sandstones,  limestones, 
shales,  clays,  marls,  brown  iron  ores  and  coal 2,000 

In  this  formation  there  are  from  eight  to  ten  good  workable  veins  of 
coal;  and  the  Missouri  basin  coal-bearing  area  is  the  largest  in  the  world. 
It  comprises  the  following: 

Square  miles. 

In  Missouri 27,000 

Nebraska 10,000 

Kansas 12,000 

Iowa 20,000 

Illinois 30,000 

Total 99,000 

The  Sub-Carboniferous  in  Missouri  is  subdivided  into: 

Feet. 

Upper  Archimedes  limestone 200 

Ferruginous  (irony)  sandstone '. 195 

Middle  Archimedes  limestone 50 

St.  Louis  limestone 250 

Oolitic  limestone 25 

Lower  Archimedes  limestone 350 

Encrinital  limestone 500 

Total  sub-carboniferous 1570 

Cretaceous. — The  Triassic  and  Jurassic  formations  have  not  been  found 
in  this  state;  but  Prof.  Swallow  has  classed  as  probably  belonging  to  the 
Cretaceous  epoch,  six  different  formations  which  comprise  a  total  thick- 
ness of  158  feet.  He  says  no  fossils  have  been  found  to  certainly  identify 
these  beds,  but  their  geological  horizon  and  lithological  characters  deter- 
mine their  place  in  the  scale. 

Tertiary. — The  beautiful  variegated  sands  and  clays  and  shales   and 
iron  ores,  which  skirt  the  swamps  of  southeast  Missouri  along  the  bluffs 
from  Commerce  to  the  Chalk  Bluffs  in  Arkansas,  belong  to  this  system. 
Quaternary. — In  this  Prof.  Swallow  includes  what  is  separated  under 


72  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

the  name  of  "Recent"  by  Prof.  Dana  and  others,  as  shown  in  the  chart. 

The  Quaternary  of  Missouri  is  subdivided  by  Prof.  Swallow  into — 

Alluvium 30  feet 

Bottom  Prairie 35     " 

Bluff  {Loess  of  other  authors) 200     " 

Drift  (altered  drift,  boulder  beds,   boulder  clay) 155     " 

Total  Quaternary  formations.  420     " 

That  brings  the  succession  of  geological  formations  consecutively  from 
their  beginning  up  to  the  present  time;  and  now  our  own  eyes  behold 
every  day  the  processes  of  nature  going  on  very  much  the  same  as  they 
have  gone  along  through  all  the  unthinkable  lapse  of  time  that  has  passed 
since  Pilot  Knob  first  pushed  its  brazen  brow  up  above  the  strange  deso- 
lation of  waters  when  "darkness  was  upon  the  face  of  the  deep."  And 
now  our  next  consideration  must  be,  the  present  aspects  of  the  land  sur- 
face of  our  state,  together  with  its  streams,  its  woodlands  and  its  wonder- 
ful mineral  wealth  and  resources. 

MINERAL  RESOURCES. 

In  the  extent,  variety,  and  practical  value  of  her  stores  of  mineral 
wealth,  Missouri  is  not  excelled  by  any  other  state  in  the  Union.  In  the 
fall  of  1880  the  New  York  Economist  published  an  article  on  Missouri, 
in  which  it  said: 

"The  state  of  Missouri  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  pieces  of  this  earth's 
surface.  Surface  indeed !  Missouri  goes  far  enough  under  the  surface 
to  furnish  mankind  with  one  hundred  million  tons  of  coal  a  year  for  thir- 
teen hundred  years.  Think  of  26*887  square  miles  of  coal  beds — nearly 
half  the  state — and  some  of  the  beds  nearly  fifteen  feet  thick.  With 
regard  to  iron,  it  is  not  necessary  to  penetrate  the  surface  for  that.  They 
have  iron  in  Missouri  by  the  mountain.  Pilot  Knob,  581  feet  high,  and 
containing  360  acres,  is  a  mass  of  iron;  and  Iron  Mountain,  about  six 
miles  distant  from  it,  is  228  feet  high,  covers  500  acres,  and  is  estimated 
in  the  last  surveys,  to  contain  230,000,000  tons  of  ore,  without  counting 
the  inexhaustible  supply  that  may  reasonably  be  supposed  to  exist  below 
the  level.  There  is  enough  iron  lying  about  loose  in  Missouri  for  a 
double  track  of  railroad  across  the  continent. 

"  The  lead  districts  of  Missouri  include  more  than  6,000  square  miles, 
and  at  least  five  hundred  points  where  it  can  be  profitably  worked.  In 
fifteen  counties  there  is  copper  in  rich  abundance.  There  are  large  depos- 
its of  zinc  in  the  state.  There  is  gold,  also,  which  does  not  yet  attract 
much  attention,  because  of  the  dazzling  stores  of  this  precious  metal  farther 
west.  In  short,  within  one  hundred  miles  of  St.  Louis  the  following  met- 
als and  minerals  are  found  in  quantities  that  will  repay  working:  gold, 
iron,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  tin,  silver,  platina,  nickel,  emery,  coal,  limestone, 
granite,  marble,  pipe-clay,  fire-clay,  metallic  paints,  and  salt." 

It  can  hardly  be  said  that  gold,  silver,  tin,  platina  or  emery  have  been 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  73 

found  in  faying  quantity  as  yet,  although  they  are  known  to  exist  in  some 
of  our  mining  districts,  in  combinations  with  other  minerals.  Our  state 
board  of  immigration  has  published  many  well  prepared  and  judicious 
papers  on  the  various  advantages  and  resources  of  our  state,  which  care- 
fully avoid  making  any  extravagant  or  overdrawn  statements.  They 
give  the  real  facts  as  accurately  as  they  could  be  ascertained  up  to  1879- 
SO,  and  form  the  most  reliable  body  of  knowledge  on  many  matters  of 
state  interest,  that  is  now  accessible;  and  from  this  source  we  gather  the 
more  essential  points. 

Coal. — The  Missouri  coal  fields  underlie  an  area  of  about  26,000 
square  miles.  The  southern  outcrop  of  the  coal  measures  has  been  traced 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  through  the  counties  of  Clark,  Lewis, 
Shelby ,t  Monroe,  Audrain,  Boone,  Cooper,  Pettis,  Henry,  St.  Clair,  Bates, 
Vernon  and  Barton,  into  the  Indian  Territory,  and  every  county  north- 
west of  this  line  is  known  to  contain  more  or  less  coal.  Outside  of  the 
coal  fields  given  above,  coal  rocks  also  exist  in  Ralls,  Montgomery,  War- 
ren, St.  Charles,  Callaway  and  St.  Louis  counties,  and  local  or  outlying 
deposits  of  bituminous  and  cannel  coal  are  found  in  Moniteau,  Cole,  Mor- 
gan, Crawford,  Lincoln  and  Callaway  counties. 

The  exposed  coal  in  Missouri  includes  upper,  middle  and  lower  coal 
measures.  The  upper  coal  measures  contain  about  four  feet  of  coal,  in 
two  seams  of  about  one  foot  each  and  other  thin  seams  and  streaks.  The 
area  of  their  exposure  is  about  8,400  square  miles. 

The  middle  coal  measures  contain  about  seven  feet  of  coal,  including 
two  workable  seams,  twenty-one  and  twenty-four  inches  thick,  respect- 
ively, and  one  of  one  foot,  which  is  worked  under  favorable  circumstan- 
ces, and  six  thin  seams.  The  exposure  of  the  middle  measures  covers  an 
area  of  over  2,000  square  miles. 

The  lower  measures  cover  an  ar,ea  of  about  15,000  square  miles,  and 
have  five  workable  seams,  varying  in  thickness  from  eighteen  inches  to 
four  and  a  half  feet,  and  thin  seams  of  six  to  eleven  inches. 

Iron. — It  has  been  said  by  experts  that  Missouri  has  iron  enough  ':  to 
run  a  hundred  furnaces  for  a  thousand  years;"  and  the  ores  are  of  every 
variety  known  to  metallurgical  science.  Iron  Mountain  is  the  largest 
body  of  specular  iron  and  the  purest  mass  of  ore  in  the  world.  It  was 
forced  up  through  the  crust  of  the  earth  in  a  molten  state  during  the 
Azoic  Age  of  geology.  The  different  ores  of  the  state  are  classed  as  red 
hematite,  red  oxide,  specular  or  glittering  ore,  brown  hematite  or  limo- 
nite,  hvdrous  oxide,  magnetic  ore,  and  spathic  or  spar-like  ore  (carbonate 
of  iron).  Many  other  names  are  used  to  indicate  different  combinations 
of  iron  with  other  minerals.  Some  of  the  iron  deposits,  instead  of  coming 
up  in  a  fused  mass  from  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  as  Pilot  Knob,  Shep- 
5 


74  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

herd  Mountain  and  Iron  Mountain  evidently  did,  were  formed  by  the 
steam  that  attended  those  fiery  upheavals,  carrying  its  load  of  gaseous 
matter  until  it  condensed  and  settled  down  at  different  points,  and  gradu- 
ally cooled  or  crystalized.  This  would  occur  sometimes  in  water  and 
sometimes  in  the  air,  thus  producing  the  great  variety  of  ferruginous  or 
irony  compositions  which  we  now  find  and  utilize.  And  this  mineral 
sieam  method  of  depositing  iron  and  other  products  from  subterranean 
gases  must  have  occurred  in  Missouri  at  different  periods  of  geologic 
time,  and  not  all  during  the  Azoic.  The  red  ores  are  found  in  21  coun- 
ties ;  the  brown  hematite  or  limonite  iron  ores  extend  over  94  counties, 
and  in  31  of  them  it  occurs  in  vast  quantity. 

Shepherd  Mountain  is  660  feet  high.  The  ore,  which  is  magnetic  and 
specular,  contains  a  large  percentage  of  pure  iron.  The  hight  of  Pilot 
Knob  above  the  Mississippi  river  is  1,118  feet.  Its  base,  581  feet  from  the 
summit,  is  360  acres.  The  iron  is  known  to  extend  440  feet  below  the 
surface.  The  upper  section  of  141  feet  is  judged  to  contain  14,000,000 
tons  of  ore.  The  elevation  of  Iron  Mountain  is  228  feet,  and  the  area  of 
its  base  500  acres.  The  solid  contents  of  the  cone  are  230,000,000  tons. 
It  is  thought  that  every  foot  beneath  the  surface  will  yield  3,000,000  tons, 
of  ore.  At  the  depth  of  180  feet,  an  artesian  auger  is  still  penetrating 
solid  ore.  Dr.  Litton  thinks  that  these  mountains  contain  enough  iron 
above  the  surface  to  afford  for  two  hundred  years  an  annual  supply  of 
1,000,000  tons.  The  ore  is  almost  exclusively  specular.  It  yields  56  per 
cent,  of  pure  iron.     The  iron  is  strong,  tough  and  fibrous. 

Profs.  Schmidt  and  Pumpelly,  in  their  very  learned  work  on  the  iron 
ores  of  Michigan  and  Missouri,  have  classified  the  iron-bearing  region  of 
our  state  as  follows: 

Eastern  Ore-Region. — 1.  Ore-district  along  the  Mississippi  river.  2_ 
Iron  Mountain  district.  3.  Southeastern  limonite  district.  4.  Franklin 
county  district.     5.  Scotia  district. 

Central  Ore-Region. — 1.  Steel ville  district.  2.  Ore-district  on  the  up- 
per Meramec  and  its  tributaries.  3.  Salem  district.  4.  Iron  Ridge 
district.  5.  St.  James  district.  6.  Rolla  district.  7.  Middle  Gasconade 
district.     8.  Lower  Gasconade  district.     9.  Callaway  county  district. 

Western  Ore-Region. — 1.  Lower  Osage  district.  2.  Middle  Osage 
district.     3.  Upper  Osage  district. 

Southwestern  Ore-Region. — 1.  White  River  district.  2.  Ozark  county 
district. 

The  same  authorities  have  classified  the  various  kinds  of  iron  ores 
found  in  Missouri,  thus: 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  75 


Strata  of  red  hematite. 

Disturbed  or  drifted  deposits  of  red 

hematite. 
Deposits  of  limonite  on  limestone. 
Disturbed    or   drifted    deposits   o£ 

limonite. 


Deposits  of  specular  ore  in  por- 
phyry. 

Deposits  of  specular  ore  in  sand- 
stone. 

Disturbed  deposits  of  specular  ore. 

Drifted  deposits  of  specular  ore. 

Lead. — The  annual  lead  product  of  Missouri  is  said  now  to  exceed 
that  of  any  other  state  or  country;  and  it  is  conceded  that  its  lead  deposits 
are  the  richest  in  the  world.  The  lead  region  all  lies  south  of  the  Mis- 
souri river;  the  mineral  is  found  chiefly  in  the  magnesian  limestone  rocks, 
which  are  the  great  lead-bearing  rocks  of  the  world;  but  it  is  also  found 
in  ferruginous  clays,  in  slates,  in  gravel  beds,  and  in  cherty  masses  in 
the  clays. 

Mr.  R.  O.  Thompson,  mining  engineer,  of  St.  Louis,  has  written  a 
sketch  of  the  mode  of  origin  of  our  lead  and  some  other  mineral  deposits,, 
which  is  plain,  concise,  and  a  clear  statement  of  the  teachings  of  science 
on  this  very  interesting  portion  of  Missouri's  geological  and  mineralogicai 
history.     We  quote: 

"The  Azoic  rocks  in  this  region,  when  the  great  Silurian  system  began 
to  be  formed,  were  so  many  islands,  their  heads  only  elevated  above  the 
vast  sedimentary  sea.  The  beds  upon  which  the  limestones  and  sand- 
stones were  deposited  consisted  of  the  weatherings  of  the  Azoic  rocks,, 
which  naturally  sought  the  valleys  and  became  a  base  for  the  sedimentary 
rock.  This  boundless  sea  held  in  solution  lime,  magnesia,  alumina,  man- 
ganese, lead,  copper,  cobalt,  nickel,  iron,  and  other  mineral  substances. 
In  this  chemical  condition  gases  were  evolved  and  the  work  of  formation 
commenced.  The  two  gases  forming  the  great  creative  power,  and  aiding 
solidification,  were  carbonic  acid  and  sulphuretted  hydrogen ;  the  former 
seeking  its  affinity  in  lime  and  forming  limestone;  the  sulphur  in  the  latter 
naturally  combining  with  the  other  metals,  forming  sulphates,  or  sulphur- 
ets.  The  work  of  deposition  and  solidification  being  in  harmony,  it  is 
easy  to  understand  how  those  minerals  exist  in  a  disseminated  condition 
in  these  rocks.  The  slates  that  we  find  so  rich  in  galena,  presenting  the 
myriad  forms  of  lingula,  must  also  have  been  formed  in  the  Silurian  Age. 
The  distribution  among  the  magnesian  limestones  of  these  decomposing 
slates  can  be  most  easily  accounted  for.  The  decomposed  feldspar  pro- 
duced by  the  weathering  of  the  porphyry  became  in  its  change  a  silicate 
of  alumina,  and  the  sulphur,  combining  with  the  lead,  disseminated  the 
same  in  the  slate  as  readily  as  in  the  limestone." 

The  Missouri  lead  region  has  been  divided  or  classified  into  five  sub- 
districts,  as  follows: 

I.  The  Southeastern  Lead  District,  embraces  all  or  parts  of  Jefferson, 
Washington,  Franklin,  Crawford,  Iron,  St.  Francois,  St.  Genevieve, 
Madison,  Wayne,  Reynolds,  and  Carter  counties,  with  some  mines  in  the 
western  portion  of  Cape  Girardeau  county.  Mining  has  been  longest 
carried  on  in  this  district,  and  the  aggregate  of  the  production  has  been 
very  great,  although  the  work  has  been  chiefly  surface  mining.     Mine- 


76  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

La-Motte,  in  this  district,  was  discovered  in  1720,  by  Francis  Renault  and 
M.  LaMotte,  and  has  been  worked  more  or  less  ever  since. 

II.  The  Central  Lead  District,  comprises,  as  far  as  known,  the  coun- 
ties of  Cole,  Cooper,  Moniteau,  Morgan,  Miller,  Benton,  Maries,  Camdem 
and  Osage.  Much  of  the  mining  done  here,  again,  has  been  near  the 
surface,  the  lead  first  being  found  in  clays,  in  caves,  and  in  masses  in  clay 
but  a  few  inches  below  the  surface.  Shafts,  however,  sunk  in  the  mag- 
nesian  limestone,  find  rich  deposits  in  lodes  and  pockets. 

III.  The  Southern  Lead  District,  comprises  the  counties  of  Pulaski, 
La  Clede,  Texas,  Wright,  Webster,  Douglas,  Ozark,  and  Christian. 

IV.  The  Western  Lead  District  embraces  Hickory,  Dallas,  Polk,  St. 
Clair,  Cedar,  and  Dade  counties.  Some  rich  deposits  have  been  found 
in  this  district,  especially  in  Hickory  county. 

V.  The  Southwestern  Lead  District  comprises  Jasper,  Newton,  Law- 
rence, Stone,  Barry,  and  McDonald.  Here  very  extensive  mining  has 
been  done,  more  especially  in  the  two  counties  first  named,  which  have, 
for  the  last  few  years,  produced  more  than  one-half  of  the  pig-lead  mined 
in  the  state. 

For  several  years  past  more  than  one-half  the  lead  production  of  the 
United  States  has  been  from  Missouri  mines.  Besides  the  numerous- 
smelting  works  supported  by  them,  the  manufacture  of  white  lead,  lead 
pipe,  sheet  lead,  etc.,  contributes  materially  to  the  industries  and  com- 
merce of  the  state. 

Copper. — Several  varieties  of  copper  ore  exist  in  Missouri  mines. 
Deposits  of  copper  have  been  discovered  in  Dent,  Crawford,  Benton, 
Maries,  Greene,  Lawrence,  Dade,  Taney,  Dallas,  Phelps,  Reynolds  and 
Wright  counties.  Some  of  the  mines  in  Shannon  county  are  now  profit- 
ably worked,  and  mines  in  Franklin  county  have  yielded  good  results. 

Zinc. — Sulphuret,  carbonate  and  silicate  of  zinc  are  found  in  nearly  all 
the  lead  mines  of  southwestern  Missouri;  and  zinc  ores  are  also  found  in 
most  of  the  counties  along  the  Ozark  range.  What  the  lead  miners  call 
"  black-jack, "  and  throw  away,  is  sulphuret  of  zinc.  Newton  and  Jasper 
counties  are  rich  in  zinc  ores ;  and  Taney  county  has  an  extensive  vein  of 
calamine,  or  carbonate  of  zinc. 

Cobalt. — Valuable  to  produce  the  rich  blue  colors  in  glass  and  porce- 
lain, and  for  other  purposes  in  the  arts,  is  found  in  considerable  quantities 
at  Mine-La-Motte. 

Manganese. — Used  in  glass  manufacture  and  the  arts;  it  is  found  in 
St.  Genevieve  and  other  counties. 

Nickel. — Found  in  workable  quantities  at  Mine-La-Motte. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  77 

BUILDING  STONE. 

Missouri  abounds  in  solid,  durable  materials  for  buildings;  she  has 
quarries  of  red  and  gray  granites,  and  very  fine  limestones,  sandstones 
and  marbles.  In  Crawford,  Washington  and  Franklin  counties  there  are 
workable  beds  of  "  onyx  marble,"  a  stalagmite  formation  found  in  caves,, 
and  very  rich  and  valuable  for  mantles,  table-tops,  vases,  ornaments,  etc. 
This  marble  is  not  found  anywhere  else  in  the  United  States,  and  has 
been  imported  from  Algiers  and  Mexico,  at  great  cost.  As  an  illustration 
of  the  high  repute  abroad,  and  substantial  home  value  ot  Missouri 
products  in  the  stone  line,  we  give  a  case  in  point. 

The  new  state  capitol  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  which  will  cost  $3,000,000, 
and  is  said  to  be  the  largest  and  finest  public  edifice  in  the  United  States 
outside  of  Washington  city,  is  built  mostly  of  materials  from  Missouri, 
except  the  rough  masonry  and  brickwork.  The  Missouri  stones  and 
their  cost  is  as  follows: 

St.  Genevieve  buff  sandstone $  147,289.83 

Carroll  county  blue  limestone 139,238.54 

Fourteen  red  granite  columns,  18  feet,  4^  inches  long,  2 

ft.  3  in.  diameter,  turned  and  polished  at  St.  Louis... .  8,144.50 


Total  paid  b}*  Iowa  to  Missouri  on  thfs  one  building. . $  294,672.87 

Other  examples  of  Missouri  building  stone  will  be  of  interest.  The 
Archimedes  limestone  is  used  for  the  U.  S.  custom  house  in  St.  Louis. 
The  encrinital  limestone  is  used  for  the  State  University  building,  and 
court  house  at  Columbia.  The  Trenton  limestone  is  used  in  the  court 
house  at  St.  Louis.  A  stratum  called  " cotton  rock"  in  the  magnesian 
limestone  formation,  is  used  for  the  state  house  and  court  house  at  Jeffer- 
son City.  Encrinital  marble  is  found  in  Marion  county,  and  other  varie- 
ties occur  in  Cooper,  Cape  Girardeau,  St.  Louis,  Iron  and  Ozark  coun- 
ties. In  the  bluffs  on  the  Niangua,  a  marble  crops  out  twenty  feet  thick, 
which  is  a  fine-grained,  crystaline,  silico-magnesian  limestone,  of  a  light 
drab  color,  slightly  tinged  or  clouded  with  peach  blossom.  Some  of  the 
beautiful  Ozark  marbles  have  been  used  in  ornamenting  the  national 
capitol  at  Washington. 

Lithographic  limestone  is  found  in  Macon  county. 

EARTHS,  CLAYS,  OCHRES,  ETC. 

Kaolin,  or  decomposed  feldspar,  is  a  clay  for  making  porcelain  ware, 
and  is  found  in  and  shipped  from  southeastern  Missouri.  Fine  pottery 
clays  are  found  in  all  the  coal  bearing  region.  North  of  the  Missouri 
river  many  beds  of  best  fire-clay  are  found,  which  is  extensively  manufac- 
tured at  St.  Louis  into  fire  brick,  gas  retorts,  metallurgists'  crucibles,  etc. 


78  HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

Yellow  and  red  ochres,  ferruginous  clays,  and  sulphate  of  baryta,  all  val- 
uable in  the  mannfacture  of  mineral  and  fire-proof  paints,  are  found  in 
great  abundance  all  through  the  iron  districts.  Near  St.  Genevieve  there 
is  a  bank  of  saccharoidal  sand  which  is  twenty  feet  in  height,  and  miles 
in  extent.  The  mass  is  inexhaustible.  Two  analyses  give  the  following 
results: 

Silica 98.81     99.02 

Lime 0.92       0.98 

The  sand  is  very  friable,  and  nearly  as  white  as  snow.  It  is  not  oxy- 
dized  or  discolored  by  heat,  and  the  glass  made  from  it  is  clear  and 
unstained.  One  firm  in  St.  Louis  has  annually  exported  more  than  3,500 
tons  of  this  sand  to  the  glass  manufactories  of  Wheeling,  Steubenville 
and  Pittsburg. 


GEOGRAPHY  OF  MISSOURI. 


LOCATION  AND  AREA. 

The  state  of  Missouri  (with  the  exception  of  the  Pan-Handle,  in  the 
southeast  corner,  which  extends  34  miles  further  south),  lies  between  the 
parallels  36  degrees  30  minutes  and  40  degrees  30  minutes  north  latitude, 
and  between  longitudes  12  degrees  2  minutes,  and  18  degrees  and  51  min- 
utes west  from  Washington.  Its  southern  boundary  line,  extended  east- 
ward, would  pass  along  the  southern  boundaries  of  Tennessee  and  Vir- 
ginia. The  line  of  the  northern  boundary,  extended  in  the  same  direction, 
wrould  pass  north  of  the  centers  of  Illinois,  Indiana  and  Ohio,  and  near  the 
centers  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  Extending  these  lines  west- 
ward, they  would  embrace  the  entire  state  of  Kansas,  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  Nebraska  on  the  north  and  of  the  Indian  Territory  south. 

The  length  of  the  state  north  and  south  is  282  miles;  its  extreme  width 
east  and  west,  is  348  miles,  and  the  average  width,  which  is  represented 
by  a  line  drawn  due  west  from  St.  Louis,  is  235  miles. 

The  area  of  the  state  is  65,350  square  miles,  or  41,824,000  acres.  In 
size  it  is  the  eighth  state  in  the  Union,  and  is  larger  than  any  state  east 
of  or  bordering  upon  the  Mississippi,  except  Minnesota.  It  occupies 
almost  the  exact  center  of  that  portion  of  the  United  States  lying  between 
the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Atlantic,  and  is  midway  between  the 
British  possessions  on  the  north  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  south. 

The  following  list  shows  what  other  large  cities  of  our  own  and 
foreign  countries  lie  on  the  same   latitude  with   the  largest   cities  in  our 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  70 

state:  The  latitude  of  38  to  39  degrees  north,  embraces  Annapolis, 
Maryland;  Washington  and  Georgetown,  D,  C;  Alexandria,  Va.;  Ports- 
mouth, Ohio;  Lexington,  Frankfort  and  Louisville,  Ky.;  Madison,  New 
Albany  and  Evansville,  Ind.;  St.  Louis  and  Jefferson  City,  Missouri; 
Sacramento  and  Vallejo,  California;  Yarkand,  China;  Tabreez,  Persia; 
Smyrna,  Turkey;  Messina  and  Palermo,  Sicily;  Lisbon,  Portugal. 

The  latitude  of  39  to  40  embraces  the  cities  of  Philadelphia,  Dover,  Wil- 
mington, Baltimore,  York,  Gettysburg,  Columbus,  Cincinnati,  Indiana- 
polis, Terre  Haute,  Springfield,  Quincy,  Hannibal,  Kansas  City,  St. 
Joseph,  Leavenworth,  Denver;  Virginia  City,  Nevada;  Marysville,  Cali- 
fornia; Tientsin,  Pekin  and  Kashgar,  in  China;  Bokhara  in  Turkestan; 
Erzroom  in  Turkey;  Valencia  in  Spain. 

The  meridian  of  90  to  91  degrees  west  longitude,  takes  in  Grand 
Portage,  Minnesota;  Mineral  Point,  Wisconsin;  also  Dubuque,  Davenport, 
Rock  Island,  Galesburg,  St.  Louis,  Memphis,  Vicksburg  and  New 
Orleans. 

Missouri  is  half  as  large  again  as  New  York,  and  more  than  eight 
times  the  size  of  Massachusetts.  It  would  make  a  score  of  German  prin- 
cipalities. Larger  than  England  and  Wales,  or  Scotland  and  Ireland,  it 
is  equal  to  one-third  of  the  area  of  France. 

SURFACE    FEATURES. 

As  explained  in  the  chapter  on  geology,  there  occurred  away  back 
in  the  earliest  geological  ages,  some  subterranean  force  which  pushed  up 
through  the  crust  of  the  earth,  a  series  of  knobs  and  irregular  ridges  and 
hills  in  a  region  extending  from  St.  Genevieve,  in  a  southwest  direction, 
to  Shannon  and  Texas  counties,  taking  in  some  portions  of  Madison,  St. 
Francois,  Washington,  Iron  and  Reynolds  counties.  After  this,  these 
knobs  and  ridges  were  islands  in  the  ocean,  which  covered  the  rest  of 
Missouri  and  adjoining  states.  On  the  bottom  of  this  ocean  the  solid 
strata  of  limestone,  sandstone,  and  other  rocks,  were  formed.  In  course 
of  time  the  rest  of  the  country  was  raised  above  the  ocean,  and  the  sur- 
face presented  a  broad,  undulating  plateau,  from  which  projected  the  hills 
and  ridges  above  named.  The  rains  descended  upon  this  plateau,  and  the 
waters  collected  into  branches,  creeks  and  rivers,  and  flowed  away  to  the 
ocean,  as  now;  and  during  the  succeeding  cycles,  the  channels  and  valleys 
of  the  streams  were  worn  into  the  rocks  as  they  now  appear.  These 
facts  respecting  the  formation  of  our  state,  give  some  idea  of  its  surface 
features.  It  may  be  described  as  a  broad,  undulating  table-land  or 
plateau,  from  which  projects  a  series  of  hills  and  ridges  extending  from  St. 
Genevieve  to  the  southwest,  and  into  which  the  branches,  creeks  and 
rivers  have  worn  their  deep  broad  channels  and  valleys.  In  that  portion 
of  the  state  north  of  the  Missouri  river,  the  northwest  part  is  the  highest, 


80  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

and  there  is  a  general  descent  to  the  south  and  east,  as  shown  by  the 
course  of  the  Missouri  river  and  its  north  side  tributaries.  In  the  eastern 
part  of  this  region  there  is  a  high  dividing  ridge  which  separates  the 
small  east-flowing  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  from  those  flowing  south- 
ward into  the  Missouri;  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  and  Northern  railroad 
follows  this  highland  from  Warren  and  Montgomery  counties  to  Coats- 
ville  on  the  north  line  of  the  state,  in  Schuyler  county;  and  railroad  sur- 
veys show  that  in  a  straight  line  across  the  state,  the  Missouri  river  at  the 
city  of  Weston,  in  Platte  county,  is  320  feet  higher  than  the  Mississippi  at 
Hannibal. 

South  of  the  Missouri  the  highest  part  is  a  main  ridge  extending  from 
Jasper  county  through  Lawrence,  Webster,  Wright,  Texas,  Dent,  Iron, 
St.  Francois  and  Perry  counties,  striking  the  Mississippi  river  at  Grand 
Tower.  This  ridge  constitutes  what  is  called  the  Ozark  range,  which 
for  three-fourths  of  its  course  across  Missouri  is  not  mountainous,  or  com- 
posed of  peaks,  but  is  an  elevated  plateau  of  broad,  level,  arable  land,  and 
divides  the  northward  flowing  tributaries  of  the  Missouri  from  the  waters 
which  flow  southward  into  the  lower  Mississippi.  It  is  a  part  of  that 
great  chain  of  ridge  elevations  which  begins  with  Long's  Peak,  about  fifty 
miles  northwest  of  Denver,  in  Colorado;  crosses  the  state  of  Kansas 
between  the  Kansas  and  Arkansas  rivers;  crosses  Missouri  through  the 
counties  above  mentioned;  passes  into  Illinois  at  Grand  Tower  and  thence 
into  Kentucky  opposite  Golconda;  and  is  finally  merged  into  the  Cumber- 
land Mountains.  This  ridge  probably  formed  the  southern  shore  of  that 
vast  inland  sea  into  which  the  upper  Missouri  and  Platte  rivers  emptied 
their  muddy  waters  for  a  whole  geological  age,  and  deposited  over  the 
states  of  Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Nebraska,  their  sediment  from  the 
Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  beds  of  the  mountain  regions  in  Dakota,  Montana, 
Wyoming,  etc.,  and  the  "Bad  Lands"  of  northwestern  Nebraska.  This 
great  sea  or  lake  had  its  chiefs  outlet  at  Grand  Tower,*  where  for 
thousands  of  years  its  waters  plunged  over  the  rocky  limestone  ledges 
and  flowed  off  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  which  then  extended  nearly  or  quite 
up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  river  at  Cairo.  But  as  it  gradually  wore 
down  the  rocks  of  this  southern  high  ridge  barrier,  of  course  the  channel 
through  this  narrow  pass  became  gradually  deeper  and  deeper,  and  as 
gradually  drained  off  the  mighty  lake,  leaving  four  great  states  covered 
chiefly  with  a  kind  of  sediment  which  Prof.  Swallow   has  termed  "  bluff 

*  Dr.  Sbumard  in  his  report  on  a  geological  section  from  St.  Louis  to  Commerce, — p.  151, 
says:  "The  Grand  Tower  rises  from  the  bed  of  the  Mississippi,  an  isolated  mass  of  rock, 
of  a  truncated-conical  shape,  crowned  at  the  top  with  stunted  cedars,  and  situated  about 
fifty  yards  from  the  Missouri  shore.  It  is  eighty-five  feet  high,  and  four  hundred  yards 
in  circumference  at  the  base.  During  high  water,  the  current  rushes  around  its  base  with 
great  velocity.  *  *  About  half  a  mile  below  the  Tower,  near  the  middle  of  the  river,  is 
a  huge  mass  of  chert.  *  In  the  next  two  miles  the  Missouri  shore  is  bounded  by  hills 
from  75  to  200  feet  in  altitude."  It  is  rocky  and  bluffy  for  six  miles  or  more  along  here, 
some  of  the  elevations  reaching  330  feet. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  81 

deposit,"  though  called  by  other  writers  loess.  At  Grand  Tower,  where 
the  Mississippi  has  worn  for  itself  this  narrow  gorge  or  pass  through  the 
rocks,  the  current  rushes  and  roars  and  tumbles  along  at  such  a  mill-flume 
rate,  that  the  passage  by  boats  either  up  or  down  stream,  is  difficult  and 
dangerous .*  And  it  was  here  that  the  river  pirates  had  their  stronghold 
in  the  early  days  of  keel-boat  traffic  between  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans. 
They  permitted  no  traders  to  pass  this  point  without  paying  such  tribute 
as  they  chose  to  levy;  and  upon  the  least  show  of  resistance,  they  would 
rob,  murder  and  plunder  without  remedy.  If  the  human  history  of  this 
place  could  be  written,  it  would  be  full  of  blood-curdling  incidents,  and 
deeds  of  violence  by  rude  and  murderous  men. 

The  following  table  of  elevations  above  tide  water  in  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico will  give  a  general  idea  of  the  heights  reached  by  this  southern 
upland  region: 

Granby,  Newton  county,  (farthest   southwest) 1,030  feet. 

Marshfield,  in  Webster  county,  96  miles  from  the  west  line 

of  the  state 1,462  " 

Ohio  City,  opposite  mouth  of  the  Ohio  river 272  " 

New  Madrid,  30  miles  farther  south 247  " 

St.  Louis  directrix,  (or  register) 372  " 

Base  of  Pilot  Knob 909  " 

Top  of  Pilot  Knob 1,490  " 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  top  of  Pilot  Knob,  at  the  eastern  end  of 
our  south  border  highlands,  is  only  twenty-eight  feet  higher  than  Marsh- 
field,  near  the  western  end. 

RIVERS  AND  WATER  COURSES. 

The  Mississippi  river  bounds  the  state  on  the  east  for  a  distance  of  more 
than  500  miles.  The  Missouri  washes  the  western  boundary  of  the  state 
from  the  northwest  corner  southwardly,  some  250  miles,  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Kansas,  whence  it  takes  a  course  south  of  east,  through  the  heart  of 
the  state  to  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi,  a  distance  of  nearly  400 
miles,  presenting  a  river  front  from  these  two  majestic  streams  of  1,550 
miles.  Besides  these  mighty  streams,  are  many  smaller  rivers,  more  or 
less  navigable  for  steamboats  and  barges.      On  the  south,  or  the  right 

*A  small  work  published  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  1856,  describes  this  place  as  "  a  gorge 
where  the  river  has  in  some  remote  geological  age  burst  through  a  limestone  mountain 
ridge,  making  a  dangerous  rocky  pass,  and  washing  the  cliff  into  strange,  fantastic  forms." 
And  a  western  poet  nearly  30  years  ago,  thus  described  the  spot: 

"  Here  Nature  sports  with  Art  in  rocky  towers, 
Quarried  by  the  wave,  or  lifts  in  Doric  state 
Abraded  pillars  to  the  corniced  cliff; 
And  through  sharp  angles,  narrows,  flume  and  gorge, 
The  wildered  waters,  plunging,  roar  and  foam — 
o         Scylla  and  Oharybdis  of  no  mythic  tale." 


82  HISTORY    CF    THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

bank  of  the  Missouri,  the  Gasconade,  Osage  and  La  Mine  are  navigable; 
on  the  Osage,  steamboats  make  regular  trips  as  high  as  Warsaw,  and 
barges  and  keel-boats  may  pass  as  high  as  the  state  line.  On  the  left 
bank  of  the  Missouri,  the  Platte,  Chariton  and  Grand  rivers  are  naviga- 
ble for  keel-boats  and  barges;  and  small  steamers  have  made  a  few  trips 
on  their  waters.  The  other  important  streams  of  the  state  are  the  Des 
Moines,  Salt,  Meramec,  St.  Francis  and  White  rivers,  all  of  which  on 
rare  occasions  have  been  navigated  by  steamers.  There  are  large  num- 
bers of  smaller  streams  called  rivers  and  creeks. 

There  are  places  in  all  our  streams,  except  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri, 
where  they  might  be  dammed  and  made  to  drive  the  machinery  of  mills 
and  factories.  Rock  beds  to  support  dams  and  make  them  permanent 
are  to  be  found  in  many  localities  on  the  Osage,  Niangua,  Pomme  du 
Terre,  Sac,  Spring  river,  Big  river,  Castor,  Bourbeuse,  Gasconade,  St. 
Francis,  Current,  White,  Grand,  La  Mine,  Meramec,  etc.  No  country  is 
better  supplied  with  bold  springs  of  pure  water.  Many  of  them  are 
remarkable  for  their  size  and  volume. 

There  is,  on  the  whole,  no  state  in  the  Union  better  supplied  with  an 
abundance  of  wholesome,  living  water  for  stock  and  domestic  uses;  and 
it  abounds  in  springs,  splendidly  situated  for  dairy  business,  with  water  at 
a  uniform  temperature  below  60  degrees  Fahrenheit.  There  are  no 
lakes  in  the  state  except  a  few  small  ones  in  the  extreme  southeastern 
counties. 

NOTABLE  SPRINGS. 

Mineral  Springs  occur  in  every  part  of  the  state.  There  are  excellent 
salt  springs  in  Cooper,  Saline,  Howard  and  adjoining  counties.  Sulphur 
springs  that  have  become  known  as  places  of  summer  resort,  are:  The 
Chouteau  springs  in  Cooper  county;  Monagan  springs  in  St.  Clair  county; 
Elk  springs  in  Pike  county ;  Cheltenham  springs  in  St.  Louis  county. 
And  Prof.  Swallow  says  there  are  sulphur  springs  in  half  the  counties  of 
the  state.  Sweet  springs,  on  Black  water  creek,  are  what  are  called  chaly- 
beate waters,  containing  some  of  the  salts  of  iron ;  and  there  are  a  few 
others  of  this  class.  Petroleum  or  tar  springs  occur  in  Carroll,  Ray, 
Randolph,  Cass,  Lafayette,  Bates,  Vernon,  and  other  counties,  and  fur- 
nish a  good  lubricating  oil  in  large  quantities.  In  the  south  part  of  the 
State  there  are  numerous  fresh  water  springs  of  such  great  flowage  as  to 
be  utilized  for  water  power.  One  called  Bryce's  spring,  on  the  Niangua 
river,  which  runs  through  Dallas,  Hickory  and  Camden  counties,  dischar- 
ges 10,927,872  cubic  feet  of  water  per  day,  drives  a  large  flouring  mill, 
and  flows  away  a  river  42  yards  wide.  This  is  the  largest  one,  of  these 
big  springs.  The  temperature  of  its  water  is  steadily  at  60  degrees  Fahr- 
enheit, and  the  flowage  uniform  throughout  the  year. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  83 

SOILS  AND  THEIR  PRODUCTS. 

As  late  as  1830  the  greater  part  of  Missouri  was  still  marked  on  com- 
mon school  geography  maps  as  part  of  the  great  American  desert;  and  in 
1820,  even  our  own  great  statesman,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  had  written: 
"After  you  get  40  or  50  miles  from  the  Mississippi,  arid  plains  set  in  and 
the  country  is  uninhabitable  except  upon  the  borders  of  the  rivers  and 
creeks."  But  our  present  knowledge  of  Missouri's  climate,  soils  and  prod- 
ucts show  how  widely  mistaken  our  wisest  people  were  on  this  subject 
in  those  early  days. 

Prof.  Swallow,  Dean  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  at  Columbia 
(State  University),  has  given  the  soils  of  the  state  a  classification  adapted 
to  the  popular  understanding,  by  using  names  that  everybody  can  read 
and  know  what  they  mean,  instead  of  technical  scientific  terms  known 
only  to  a  few  who  have  had  a  college  education.  And  as  this  history  is 
designed  for  the  masses  of  the  people,  and  to  a  large  extent  for  the  farm- 
ers, we  give  a  condensed  statement  of  Prof.  Swallow's  classification. 

Those  known  as  hackbcrry  lands  are  first  in  fertility  and  productiveness. 
Upon  these  lands  also  grow  elm,  wild  cherry,  honey  locust,  hickorv,  white, 
black,  burr  and  chestnut  oaks,  black  and  white  walnut,  mulberry,  linden, 
ash,  poplar,  catalpa,  sassafras  and  maple.  The  prairie  soils  of  about  the 
same  quality,  if  not  identical,  are  known  as  crow  foot  lands,  so  called  from 
a  species  of  weed  found  upon  them,  and  these  two  soils  generally  join  each 
other  where  the  timber  and  prairie  lands  meet.  Both  rest  upon  a  bed  of 
fine  silicious  marls.  They  cover  more  than  seven  million  acres  of  land. 
On  this  soil  white  oaks  have  been  found  twenty-nine  feet  in  circumference 
and  one  hundred  feet  high;  linden  twenty-three  feet  in  circumference  and 
quite  as  lofty;  the  burr  oak  and  sycamore  grow  still  larger.  Prairie 
grasses,  on  the  crowfoot  lands,  grow  very  rank  and  tall,  and  by  the  old 
settlers  were  said  to  entirely  conceal  herds  of  cattle  from  the  view. 

The  elm  lands,  are  scarcely  inferior  to  the  hackberry  lands,  and  pos- 
sess very  nearly  the  same  growth  of  other  timber.  The  soil  has  about  the 
same  properties,  except  that  the  sand  is  finer  and  the  clay  more  abundant 
The  same  quality  of  soil  appears  in  the  prairie  known  as  the  resin-weed 
lands. 

Next  in  order  are  hickory  lands,  with  a  growth  of  white  and  shellbark 
hickory,  black,  scarlet  and  laurel  oaks,  sugar  maple,  persimmon  and  the 
haw,  red-bud  and  crab-apple  trees  of  smaller  growth.  In  some  portions 
of  the  state  the  tulip  tree,  beech  and  black  gum  grow  on  lands  of  the  same 
quality.  Large  areas  of  prairie  in  the  northeast  and  the  southwest  have 
soils  of  nearly  the  same  quality,  called  mulatto  soils.  There  is  also  a  soil 
lying  upon  the  red  clays  of  southern  Missouri  similar  to  the  above.  These 
hickory  lands  and  those  described  as  assimilating  to   them,  are    highly 


84  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

esteemed  by  the  farmers  for  the  culture  of  corn,  wheat  and  other  cereals. 
They  are  admirably  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  fruits,  and  their  blue 
grass  pastures  are  equal  to  any  in  the  state.  Their  area  may  be  fairly 
estimated  at  six  millions  of  acres. 

The  magncsian  limestone  soils  extend  from  Callaway  county  south  to 
the  Arkansas  line,  and  from  Jefferson  west  to  Polk  county,  an  area  of 
about  ten  millions  of  acres.  These  soils  are  dark,  warm,  light  and  very 
productive.  They  produce  black  and  white  walnut,  black  gum,  white 
and  wahoo  elms,  sugar  maple,  honey  locust,  mulberry,  chestnut,  post,  lau- 
rel, black,  scarlet  and  Spanish  oaks,  persimmon,  blue  ash,  and  many  trees 
of  smaller  growth.  They  cover  all  the  country  underlaid  by  the  magne- 
sian  limestone  series,  but  are  inconvenient  for  ordinary  tillage  when  they 
occupy  the  hillsides  or  narrow  valleys.  Among  the  most  fertile  soils  in 
the  state,  they  produce  fine  crops  of  almost  all  the  staples ;  and  thrifty  and 
productive  fruit  trees  and  grape  vines  evince  their  extraordinary  adapta- 
tion and  fitness  to  the  culture  of  the  grape  and  other  fruits. 

On  the  ridges,  where  the  lighter  materials  of  the  soil  have  been  washed 
away,  or  were  originally  wanting,  white  oak  lands  are  to  be  found,  the 
oaks  accompanied  by  shellbark  and  black  hickory,  and  trees  and  shrubs 
of  smaller  growth.  While  the  surface  soil  is  not  so  rich  as  the  hickory 
lands,  the  sub-soil  is  quite  as  good,  and  the  land  may  be  greatly  improved 
by  turning  the  sub-soil  to  the  surface.  These  produce  superior  wheat, 
good  corn,  and  a  very  fine  quality  of  tobacco.  On  these  lands  fruits  are 
abundant  and  a  sure  crop.  They  embrace  about  ©ne  and  a  half  million 
of  acres. 

Post  oak  lands  have  about  the  same  growth  as  the  white  oak  lands, 
and  produce  good  crops  of  the  staples  of  the  country,  and  yield  the  best 
tobacco  in  the  "West.  Fruits  of  all  kinds  excel  on  this  soil.  These  lands 
require  deep  culture. 

The  blackjack  lands  occupy  the  high  flint  ridges  underlaid  with  horn- 
stone  and  sandstone,  and  under  these  conditions  are  considered  the  poor- 
est in  the  state,  except  for  pastures  and  vineyards.  The  presence,  how- 
ever, of  black  jack  on  other  lands  does  not  indicate  thin  or  poor  lands. 

Pine  lands  are  extensive,  embracing  about  two  millions  of  acres.  The 
pines  (pinis  mitis,  yellow  pine),  grow  to  great  size,  and  furnish  immense 
supplies  of  marketable  lumber.  They  are  accompanied  by  heavy  growths 
of  oak,  which  takes  the  country  as  successor  to  the  pine.  The  soil  is 
sandy  and  is  adapted  to  small  grains  and  grasses. 

Bisecting  the  state  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  city  of  Hannibal,  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  to  its  southwest  corner,  the  half  lying  to  the  north  and 
west  of  this  line  may  be  described  as  the  prairie  region  of  the  state,  with 
the  rare  advantage  that  every  county  is  bountifully  supplied  with  timber 
and  with  rivers  and  smaller  streams  of  water.     That  which  lies  east  and 


HISTORY   OF    THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  85 

south  of  the  bisecting  line  is  the  timbered  or  forest  section,  in  which  are 
found  numerous  prairies  of  greater  or  less  extent. 

The  prairie  lands  are  again  divided  into  bottom  and  upland  prairies. 
The  bottom  prairies  closely  resemble  in  soil  the  river  bottoms.  In  a  cer- 
tain sense,  the  formation  is  identical;  each  came  from  accretions,  one  from 
the  rivers  and  the  other  from  the  higher  or  upland  prairies.  The  marl 
formation  is  the  foundation  of  both  and  in  both  it  is  deeplv  buried  under 
the  modern  alluvium. 

The  celebrated  and  eloquent  orator,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  paid  the  fol- 
lowing brilliant  tribute  to  our  grand  state: 

"The  breadth  of  land  from  the  Red  River  country  of  the  far  North, 
stretching  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  including  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Illinois, 
Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  is  one  of  the  most  wonderful  agricultural 
spectacles  of  the  globe!  It  is  one  of  the  few  facts  that  are  unthinkable! 
In  this  ocean  of  land,  and  at  nearly  its  centre,  stands  the  imperial  state 
of  Missouri.  Even  a  Kansas  man  admits  that  in  natural  qualifications  it 
leads  all  the  rest,  and  is  the  crown  and  glory  of  the  Union!  It  has  bound- 
less treasures  of  coal,  iron,  lead  and  other  minerals;  lands  richer  there 
cannot  be,  nor  finer  streams;  its  forests  are  more  equally  distributed  all 
over  the  state  than  in  any  other;  its  climate,  wholesome  and  delightful, 
blends  the  temperature  of  the  northern  lakes  and  the  great  southern  gulf." 

Horace  Greely  said:  "Missouri  possesses  the  resources  and  capacities 
of  a  nation  within  the  boundaries  of  a  State." 

WILD  GAME. 

Animals. — Missouri  has  been  the  feeding  ground  for  vast  herds  of  the 
choicest  of  the  large  game  animals  up  to  the  present  generation.  Old 
hunters  and  trappers,  still  living,  tell  marvelous  stories  of  their  exploits 
with  the  gun.  As  civilization  and  population  advanced  westward  their 
numbers  decreased,  yet  Missouri  is  still  furnishing  a  very  large  proportion 
of  the  game  for  the  markets  of  all  the  large  cities  of  the  United  States. 
Even  London  receives  large  shipments,  every  winter,  from  St.  Louis. 
From  October  1st  to  February  1st,  of  every  year,  there  is  not  an  express 
car  arriving  in  St.  Louis  which  does  not  bring  large  consignments  of 
game.  The  quantity  is  enormous,  and  far  beyond  the  knowledge  of 
every  one  except  those  engaged  in  the  trade,  or  whose  duties  bring  them 
in  contact  with  the  facts. 

Elk,  buffalo,  antelope  and  bear  formerly  abounded  in  this  state,  but 
are  now  nearly  or  quite  driven  entirely  beyond  our  borders.  Red  deer 
are  still  plentiful  in  some  parts  of  the  state.  In  fact,  the  Ozark  Moun- 
tains and  the  swamp  lands  of  southeast  Missouri  constitute  a  great  deer 
park  and  game  preserve,  and  will  continue  to  do  so  until  immigration 
crowds  out  the  game.  It  is  a  notorious  fact,  that  venison  sells  as  cheaply 
as  good  beef  in  St.  Louis  markets,  during  the  winter  season. 


86  HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

The  rabbit,  as  it  is  popularly  called  here,  is  a  species  of  hare,  and  is 
about  the  average  size  of  the  domestic  cat.  They  are  so  numerous  in 
Missouri  as  to  be  considered  a  pest;  are  found  in  every  field  and  forest 
in  the  state.  Squirrels  are  very  numerous,  especially  in  the  swampy  and 
hilly  regions.  The  two  principal  varieties  are  the  grey  squirrel  and  the 
red  fox-squirrel.  One  of  these  varieties  is  to  be  found  in  every  clump  of 
timbered  land  in  the  state. 

Birds. — Wild  turkeys,  the  finest  game  birds  in  the  world,  abound  in  the 
same  region.  Prairie  chickens,  or  pinnated  grouse,  are  abundant  in  all 
the  prairie  regions  ot"  the  state,  and  are  shipped  from  St.  Louis  to  eastern 
markets  by  hundreds  of  barrels  during  the  fall  months;  but  the  game 
laws  of  the  state  strictly  prohibit  their  being  killed  or  trapped  during  the 
breeding  season.  Quails,  or  Virginia  partridge,  or  "Bob-Whites,"  are 
found  everywhere,  so  common  that  partridge  pie,  or  "  quail  on  toast,"  is 
no  great  rarity  in  thrifty  farm  houses. 

Wild  ducks,  wild  geese,  snipe,  plover  and  several  species  of  the  rail 
frequent  Missouri  during  their  annual  migrations  north  and  south.  Dur- 
ing March,  April  and  May  the  migratory  birds  pass  through  Missouri, 
going  north  to  their  nesting  and  brooding  places,  probably  near  the 
Arctic  circle.  In  October,  November  and  December  they  return,  on 
their  journey  southward  to  spend  the  winter.  There  is  no  state  in  the 
great  Mississippi  basin  more  frequented  by  these  migratory  game  birds 
than  Missouri. 

Fishes. — The  early  settlers  found  the  rivers  and  lakes  teeming  with 
many  fine  varieties  of  game  and  food  fishes,  and  there  is  still  a  bountiful 
supply.  Black  bass,  perch,  catfish,  buffalo  fish,  suckers  and  pike  consti- 
tute the  leading  varieties  of  native  fishes.  Black  bass  of  several  varieties 
inhabit  every  stream  of  considerable  size  in  the  state,  and  every  lake  con- 
tains them.  It  is  the  best  game  fish  in  the  state.  The  perch  family  is 
represented  by  several  dozen  species;  and  perch  of  several  kinds  are 
found  in  every  body  of  water  jn  the  state,  which  does  not  actually  dry  up 
in  the  summer  time.  The  catfish  of  Missouri  are  not  only  numerous,  but 
famous  the  world  over.  There  are  at  least  a  dozen  species  in  the  waters 
of  this  state.  The  yellow  catfish  grows  to  great  size,  often  reaching  a 
weight  of  175  pounds;  the  black  catfish,  maximum  weight  about  45 
pounds;  blue  or  forked-tail  catfish,  reaching  150  pounds  and  upwards  in 
weight;  the  channel  catfish,  weighing  from  one  to  fifteen  pounds,  and  the 
yellow  mud  catfish,  often  weighing  as  high  as  100  pounds.  The  sucker 
family  includes  the  buffalo  fish,  chub,  sucker  and  red  horse.  The  first  of 
these  is  highly  prized,  abundant,  and  grows  to  a  maximum  weight  of  40 
pounds.  The  last  named  is  very  abundant  during  certain  seasons  of  the 
year,  and  valuable;  they  weigh  from  6  ounces  to  8  pounds.     Pike  of  sev- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  87 

eral  species  are  found  throughout  Missouri,  and  rank  with  black  bass  as 
game  fish;  they  are  found  in  the  clearer  and  rapid  streams. 

The  above  lists  constitute  the  leading  fishes  of  the  state,  but  by  no  means 
all,  as  there  are  many  minor  species. 

The  state  board  of  fish  commissioners  receives  $3,000  annually  from 
the  state,  to  defray  expenses  of  propagating  desirable  kinds  of  food  fishes, 
that  are  not  found  native  in  the  state.  In  1S7S  Mr.  Reid  distributed  100,- 
000  fry  of  the  California  salmon,  in  the  state.  In  May  and  June,  1S79, 
the  commission  distributed  250,000  shad  fry  in  the  rivers  of  southeast, 
south  and  southwest  Missouri,  and  planted  5,000  young  trout  in  the 
springs  and  sources  of  the  same  rivers.  Later  they  have  planted  100,- 
000  fry  of  the  California  salmon  in  the  same  sections  of  the  state.  In  1880 
two  or  three  hundred  thousand  fry  of  German  carp  were  planted.  All 
the  waters  of  Missouri  are  adapted  to  this  fish,  more  especially  the  lakes 
and  sluggish  streams.  The  carp  can  be  as  easily  cultivated  as  pigs  or 
turkeys,  and  it  is  hoped  that  in  a  few  years  all  the  streams  of  the  state 
will  be  stocked  with  them. 


THE  CLIMATE. 


For  nearly  forty  years  Dr.  George  Engelmann,  of  St.  Louis,  kept  sys- 
tematic records  of  the  meteorology  of  St.  Louis  and  vicinity;  and  by 
compiling  similar  records  kept  during  long  or  short  periods,  by  other  per- 
sons in  different  parts  of  the  state,  he  has  been  able  to  report  pretty  cor- 
rectly the  dates  and  weather-facts  which  go  to  furnish  a  comprehensive 
estimate  of  the  general  nature  of  the  climate,  at  each  season  of  the  year, 
in  different  parts  of  the  state.  The  following  facts  of  great  practical 
interest  and  value  are  gathered  from  the  doctor's  work: 

Our  winters,  taken  in  the  usual  sense,  from  the  first  of  December  to 
the  last  of  February,  have  in  the  city  an  average  temperature  of  33.3 
degrees,  and  may  be  estimated  for  the  surrounding  country  at  32  degrees; 
but  they  vary  in  different  seasons  between  25  degrees  (winter  of  1855-6 
and  1872-3)  and  40  degrees  (winter  1S44-5).  Our  summers  (from  June 
1st  to  August  31st)  have  in  the  city  a  mean  temperature  of  76. S  degrees, 
and  are  calculated  to  reach  in  the  country  75  degrees,  ranging  between 
the  coolest  summer,  71.5  degrees  mean  temperature  (1S35,  1839  and 
1848),  and  the  warmest  of  80  degrees  mean  temperature,  (1838,  1850  and 
especially  1854). 

The  last  frosts  in  spring  occur  between  March  13th  and  May  2d,  on 
an  average  about  April  5th,  and  the  earliest  autumnal  frosts  between 
October  4th  and  November  26th,  on  an  average  about  October  27th;  the 


8b  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

period  between  these  two  terms  extends  in  different  years  from  184  to 
252  days,  on  an  average  205  days.  In  the  southeast  part  of  the  state 
these  limits  of  the  freezing  point  will,  of  course,  be  much  wider  apart, 
and  in  the  northwest  they  are  narrowed  down  considerably.  Our  spring 
opens  in  March,  though  in  some  favored  seasons  vegetation  breaks 
through  its  wintry  bounds  already  in  the  latter  part  of  February,  while 
in  a  few  very  late  springs  it  cannot  be  said  to  have  fairly  commenced 
before  the  middle  of  April.  *  *  *  We  find  the  first  in  bloom  is  the 
alder  and  the  hazel;  next — not  rarely  retarded  by  intervening  cold  spells — 
the  soft  or  silver  leaf  maple;  our  common  white  elm  blooms  a  few  days 
after  this,  between  February  24th  and  April  15th,  on  an  average,  March 
19th.  During  the  next  following  days,  roses,  syringas,  gooseberries  and 
many  other  bushes,  and  the  weeping  willows,  show  their  young  leaves. 
About  two  weeks  after,  the  elm — between  March  18th  and  April  25th, 
on  an  average  about  April  3d — the  peach  trees  open  their  first  blossoms, 
and  are,  one  week  later,  in  full  bloom.  Plum  and  pear  trees  and  sweet 
cherries  blossom  about  the  same  time,  or  a  few  days  later,  and  then  sour 
cherries  and  the  glory  of  our  rich  woods,  the  red  buds,  get  in  bloom. 
Between  March  21st  and  May  1st,  (mean,  April  14th)  the  early  apple 
trees  begin  to  bloom,  and  between  March  28th  and  May  10th,  (mean, 
April  20th)  they  may  be  said  to  be  in  full  bloom. 

The  maturity  and  harvest  of  winter  wheat  immediately  succeeds  the 
catalpa  bloom,  between  June  10th  and  July  1st,  usually  about  June  20th. 
The  mean  summer  temperature  varies  but  little  throughout  the  state.  In 
the  summer  of  1873  the  mean  temperature  in  the  southeast  was  found 
only  one-half  degree  higher  than  that  of  the  northeast,  and  the  difference 
between  St.  Louis  and  the  west  was  even  less.  Winter  temperatures, 
however,  show  a  wide  range.  The  mean  temperature  of  the  southeast- 
ern part  of  the  state  is  2^-  to  3  degrees  higher  than  at  St.  Louis,  and 
5£  degrees  higher  than  in  the  northeastern  angle,  and  the  mean  tem- 
perature of  Leavenworth,  and  the  adjacent  parts  of  Missouri,  is  fully  2 
degrees  less  than  that  of  the  region  about  St.  Louis. 

In  connection  with  our  winter  temperature  it  must  be  mentioned  that 
the  Mississippi  at  St.  Louis  freezes  over  about  once  in  four  or  five 
years,  partly,  no  doubt,  in  consequence  of  the  heavy  ice  floating  down 
from  the  north ;  and  it  then  remains  closed  for  one  or  two,  or  even  four 
or  six  weeks,  sometimes  passable  for  the  heaviest  teams.  Our  river  has 
been  known  to  close  as  early  as  the  first  week  in  December,  and  in 
other  years,  to  be  open  as  late  as  the  last  week  in  February,while  the  run- 
ning ice  may  impede  or  interrupt  navigation  between  the  end  of  Novem- 
ber and  the  end  of  February,  sometimes  as  low  down  as  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  state ;  the  river  is  said,  however,  never  to  freeze  over  below 
Cape  Girardeau.      The    Missouri   river  is  sometimes  closed  in  the  latter 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 


89 


part  of  November,  and  has   been  known  to  remain  firmly  bridged  over 
into  the  first  week  of  March. 

The  climate  of  Missouri  is,  on  the  whole,  a  dry  one,  with  strong  evap- 
oration, and  an  atmosphere  but  rarely  overloaded  with  moisture. 


Clear  or  nearly  clear  days 

Partially  clear  and  variable  days 

Days  when  the  sun  remains  obscured. 


Winter 
30 
39 
21 


Spring 


33 

47 
12 


Summer 


40 

48 
4 


Autumn 


40 
39 
12 


Whole  Yr. 


143 

173 

49 


Our  summer  rains  mostly  descend  with  great  abundance,  and  in  a  com- 
paratively short  time,  so  that  the  average  (13  inches)  of  summer  rain  falls 
in  70  hours,  distributed  over  twenty -four  days,  while  the  7  inches  of  win- 
ter rain  (and  snow)  descend  in  160  hours  and  on  22  days.  The  days  on 
which  it  rains  vary  between  68  and  115  in  the  year.  On  the  average  we 
have  92  days  in  the  year  on  which  it  rains.  Our  rains  last  from  a  frac- 
tion of  an  hour  to  a  few  hours,  and  very  rarely  extend  through  the  24 
hours. 

Snow  is  rather  scarce  in  our  climate,  and  rarely  continually  covers  the 
ground  for  more  than  a  few  days  or  a  week.  In  some  years,  it  amounted, 
when  melted  to  5£  inches;  in  others  to  only  one-half,  inch ;  the  aver- 
age is  about  2-J-  inches. 

The  atmospherical  pressure  (indicated  by  the  stage  of  the  barometer)  is 
with  us,  in  summer,  more  uniform  and  regular  than  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
while  in  winter  it  fluctuates  considerably,  and  often  very  rapidly.  The 
average  barometrical  pressure  is  highest  in  January,  falls  till  May,  and 
gradually  rises  again  until  January;  it  is  most  variable  from  November  to 
March,  and  least  so  from  June  to  August. 

HEALTHFULNESS  OF  THE  STATE. 

Authentic  reports  to  the  Health  Board  of  St.  Louis  is  have  shown  that 
-the  annual  sickness  rate  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  about  seventeen  and  a  half 
days  to  each  member  of  the  population.  Dr.  Boardman,  of  Boston,  has 
ascertained  the  sickness  rate  of  the  city  of  Boston  to  be  about  twenty- 
four  days  of  annual  sickness  to  each  individual.  The  general  correctness 
of  these  conclusions  are  further  substantiated  by  army  statistics.  Dr. 
Play  fair,  of  England,  after  careful  inquiry,  computed  the  ratio  of  one 
■death  to  twenty-eight  cases  of  sickness  in  a  mixed  population. 

The  state  of  Massachusetts  has  for  many  years  had  a  state  board  of 
Health,  by  whom  sanitary  improvements  have  been  diligently  and  scien 
tifically  prosecuted,  under  state  authority;  and  the  annual  death-rate  has 
thereby  been  somewhat  reduced.  In  1870  Massachusetts  had  a  popula- 
tion of  1,457,351  and  there  were  during  the  same  period  25,859  deaths 
from  all  causes.     A  mortality  equal  to  1.77  per  cent  of  the  population.     At 


90  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

the  same  time  Missouri  had  a  population  of  1,721,295,  and  there  were 
during  that  year  27,982  deaths  from  all  causes.  A  mortality  rate  equiva- 
lent to  1.63  per  cent,  of  the  population.  It  thus  appears,  if  the  calculation 
is  made  and  the  relative  proportion  between  the  populations  and  the  death 
rates  of  the  two  states  maintained,  that  vital  security  is  greater  in  Mis- 
souri, as  compared  with  Massachusetts,  to  an  extent  represented  by 
the  annual  saving  of  2,474  lives.  But  this  is  not  all.  The  authorities  on 
vital  statistics  estimate  that  two  persons  are  constantly  sick  for  every  one 
that  dies;  and  Dr.  Jarvis  shows,  from  the  experience  of  health-assurance 
companies  in  this  country,  that  on  an  average  each  person  loses  from  1& 
to  20  days  per  year  by  sickness.  Then  we  have  this  result:  Two 
persons  sick  to  one  death,  equal  4,94S,  multiplied  by  20,  gives  98,960  days 
per  year  less  of  sickness  in  Missouri  than  in  Massachusetts,  in  proportion 
to  population.  Then  reckon  the  amount  of  care  and  anxiety  and  suffering 
and  the  loss  of  time,  and  cost  for  nursing  and  medicines  and  doctor's  bills — 
and  you  will  begin  to  get  some  idea  of  what  these  figures  really  mean,  in 
favor  of  our  state,  with  its  dry,  salubrious  climate,  in  comparison  with 
Massachusetts,  the  only  other  state  for  which  the  figures  were  at  hand 
to  make  the  comparison. 

AGRICULTURE. 

The  Missouri  state  board  of  agriculture  was  created  a  body  corporate 
by  statute,  in  1877,  and  it  was  provided  that  the  governor,  the  state  sup- 
erintendent of  schools,  the  president  of  the  state  university  and  the 
dean  of  the  state  agricultural  college,  should  be  ex-officio  members  of 
the  board.  The  officers  of  the  secretary  and  treasurer  are  required  to  be 
at  the  agricultural  college,  at  Columbia,  in  Boone  county;  and  the  annual 
meetings  are  to  be  held  there,  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  November  in 
each  year.  The  presidents  or  duly  authorized  delegates  of  county 
agricultural  societies,  are  rightful  members  of  the  state  board,  "for  delib- 
eration and  consultation  as  to  the  wants,  prospects  and  condition  of  the 
agricultural  interests  of  the  state,  to  receive  the  reports  of  district  and 
county  societies,  and  to  fill  by  elections  all  vacancies  in  the  board." 

The  law  further  provides  that,  "  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  agricultural 
and  horticultural  societies,  organized  ^nd  established  in  accordance  with 
the  laws  of  this  state,  to  make  a  full  report  of  their  transactions  to  the 
Missouri  state  board  of  agriculture,  at  each  annual  meeting  thereof." 

The  state  board  is  required  "  to  make  an  annual  report  to  the  general 
assembly  of  the  state,  embracing  the  proceedings  of  the  board  for  the 
past  year,  and  an  abstract  of  the  reports  and  proceedings  of  'the  several 
agricultural  and  horticultural  societies,  as  well  as  a  general  view  of  the 
condition  of  agriculture  and  horticulture  throughout  the  state,  accom- 
panied by  such  recommendations,  including  especially  such  a  system  of 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  91 

public  instruction  upon  those  subjects  as  may  be  deemed  interesting  and 
useful."  Provision  is  then  made  for  printing  fourteen  thousand  copies 
(two  thousand  in  the  German  language),  for  distribution  to  all  who  will  use 
them. 

OUR  STAPLE    CROPS. 

First  of  all  the  crops  grown  in  the  state,  in  amount  and  value,  is  Indian 
corn.  There  is  not  a  county  in  the  state  in  which  it  is  not  successfully 
and  profitably  grown.  The  broad  alluvial  bottoms  along  our  great  rivers 
yield  immense  crops  of  this  valuable  cereal,  and  our  fertile  prairies  are 
but  little,  if  any,  behind  them  in  their  yield. 

Next  in  importance  among  the  cereals  is  wheat,  which  grows  and  yields 
well  in  every  part  of  the  state.  Except  in  a  few  northern  counties,  spring 
wheat  is  but  little  grown,  the  main  attention  being  bestowed  upon  the 
winter  varieties,  which  are  especially  a  favorite  crop  upon  the  loess  and 
clay  loams,  and  upon  the  oak  uplands  of  the  state.  The  well  known  fact 
that  the  best  flour  to  stand  transportation  and  exposure  in  hot  and  humid 
climates,  is  made  from  wheat  grown  toward  the  southern  border  of  the 
wheat  zone,  has  made  Missouri  flour  a  favorite  for  shipment  to  South 
American  markets.  Flour  made  in  Missouri,  from  Missouri  wheat,  won 
the  Medal  of  Merit  at  the  World's  Exposition,  at  Vienna,  in  1S73.  The 
average  yield  and  the  certainty  of  the  wheat  crop  in  Missouri,  give  the 
state  a  high  rank  among  the  states  producing  this  cereal. 

Oats  grow  and  yield  well  in  the  state,  producing  heavy  straw,  plump 
and  heavy  grains;  but  the  crop  does  not  figure  very  largely  in  our 
markets,  being  mainly  grown  for  home  consumption. 

Tobacco,  of  two  or  three  varieties,  grows  well,  and  Missouri  tobacco 
enjovs  a  fine  reputation  for  excellence.  The  state  embraces  some  of  the 
best  tobacco  lands  in  the  country.  It  is  a  staple  in  nearly  every  county  in 
the  state,  and  some  of  the  counties  make  it  a  leading  crop.  Missouri 
ranks  sixth  in  its  production. 

Cotton,  except  in  small  patches  for  home  use,  is  raised  only  in  the 
southern  counties  of  the  state.  Stoddard,  Scott,  New  Madrid,  Pemiscot, 
Dunklin,  Mississippi  and  Lawrence,  all  raise  more  or  less  for  shipment, 
and,  in  some  of  the  counties  named,  it  is  an  important  crop. 

Potatoes  grow  well,  and  on  most  of  our  soils  yield  large  crops.  They 
are  of  fine  quality  generally. 

Sweet  Potatoes  grow  upon  our  sandy  soils  to  great  size  and  excellence, 
and  our  farmers  raise  a  great  abundance  for  home  use,  and  the  city 
markets  are  always  well  supplied. 

Sorghum,  and  other  varieties  of  the  Chinese  sugar  cane,  are  exten- 
sively grown,  and  many  thousands  of  gallons  of  syrup  are  annually  made 
for  home  use.     Recent  improvements  in  manufacturing  sugar  from  these 


$2  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

syrups  bid  fair  to  increase  the   value   and  importance  of  this  branch  of 
husbandry. 

Broom  Corn  is  extensively  grown  in  Missouri,  and  the  brush  being 
longer  and  finer  than  that  grown  in  the  eastern  states,  commands  a  much 
better  price  in  market. 

Buckwheat,  Castor  Beans,  White  Beans,  Peas  and  Ho^ps,  are  all  success- 
fully grown  and  made  profitable  crops. 

Garden  Vegetables  are  produced  in  great  profusion  and  variety,  and 
the  more  arid  regions  of  western  Kansas  and  New  Mexico,  and  the 
mining  districts  of  Colorado,  afford  an  ever-increasing  market  for  these 
and  other  agricultural  products  from  our  state.  Watermelons,  musk- 
melons,  etc.,  grow  to  great  perfection,  and  are  shipped  in  large  quantities 
from  some  portions  of  the  state  to  cities  farther  north. 

The  U.  S.  forestry  statistics  of  1875,  give  Missouri  21,707,220  acres  of 
land  in  farms;  20,116,786  acres  not  in  farms;  of  wood  land  in  farms  there 
were  8,965,229  acres,  and  the  total  woodlands  in  the  state  was  reported 
as  19,623,619  acres. 

There  is  a  curious  bit  of  agricultural  history  which  illustrates  the  rapid 
development  of  the  western  country,  and  at  the  same  time  shows,  by 
the  inevitable  logic  of  events  already  transpired,  the  magnificent  position 
of  Missouri  as  the  greatest  wheat  center  on  the  globe.  In  1849  the  cen- 
ter of  the  wheat  product  of  the  United  States  was  the  meridian  of  81  ° 
west  of  Greenwich,  passing  north  and  south  through  the  eastern  border 
counties  of  Ohio.  In  1859  that  line  had  moved  westward  a  little  more  than 
two  degrees  of  longitude,  and  passed  through  the  eastern  border  counties 
of  Indiana,  the  city  of  Fort  Wayne  being  on  the  line.  In  1869  the  wheat 
center  had  moved  not  quite  two  degrees  further  west,  and  was  that  year 
a  few  miles  west  of  Chicago  and  Milwaukee;  and  the  center  of  our 
National  corn  crop  was  on  the  same  line  at  this  time.  In  1877  this  line 
had  moved  still  further  west,  and  was  now  represented  by  a  line  drawn 
on  a  map  of  the  United  States  from  Marquette,  on  Lake  Superior,  down 
through  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  and  through  Mendota,  LaSalle,  Vandalia 
and  Cairo,  in  Illinois.  The  corn  center  will  not  move  much  if  any  further 
west;  but  the  wheat  center,  by  reason  of  the  rapid  development  of  this 
crop  in  Minnesota,  Dakota,  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  is  now,  in  1881,  as  far 
west  as  St.  Louis;  and  it  will  not  be  likely  to  migrate  further  than  Jeffer- 
son City  at  any  time  in  the  future,  because  there  is  no  important  wheat- 
growing  territory  further  west  still  unoccupied.  The  new  settlements 
westward  must  be  chiefly  by  mining  and  manufacturing  peoples,  hence, 
consumers  rather  than  producers  of  the  great  cereal  crops. 

The  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter,  then,  is  that  St.  Louis  is  now,  and 
will  for  several  decades  continue  to  be,  practically  on  the  center  line  of 
the  aggregate  product  of  wheat  and  corn  in  the  United  States,  propor- 


HISTORY    OF    THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 


93 


tioned  from  east  to  west  limits  of  the  national  domain.  And  this  fact 
assures  Missouri  of  pre-eminent  commercial  rank  among  the  grand  sister- 
hood of  states. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  pounds  weight  which  con- 
stitute a  lawful  bushel  in  Missouri,  of  the  different  articles  named,  as 
established  in  1879: 


No.  lbs. 
Articles.  per  bu. 

Wheat 60 

Corn,  shelled 56 

Corn  in  ear 70 

Corn  Meal 50 

Rye 56 

Oats 32 

Barley. 48 

Irish  Potatoes 60 

Sweet  Potatoes 56 

Beans,  White 60 

Castor  Beans 46 

Bran 20 

Clover  Seed 60 

Timothy  Seed .  .• 45 

Hungarian  Seed 4S 

Hemp  Seed 44 

Flaxseed 56 

Millet  Seed 50 

Red-top  Seed  or  Herd's  Grass  14 

Osage  Orange  Seed 36 

Sorghum  Seed 42 

Kentucky  Blue  Grass  Seed...  14 


No.  lbs. 
Articles.  per  bu. 

Orchard  Grass 14 

Buckwheat 52 

Onions 57 

Top  Onion  Sets 28 

Peas,  whole,  dry 60 

Split  Peas 60 

Dried  Apples 24 

Dried  Peaches 33 

Malt 38 

Salt 50 

Coal 80 

Peanuts,  dry  Southern 22 

Cotton  Seed 33 

Parsnips . 44 

Common  Turnips , 42 

Carrots 50 

Rutabagas 50 

Green  Peas,  unshelled 56 

Green  Beans,  unshelled 56 

Green  Apples 48 

Green  Peaches 48 

Green  Pears 48 


The  standard  bushel  for  coke  and  charcoal  is  to  contain  2,680  cubic 
inches;  apple  barrels,  length,  28-£  inches;  chines,  £  of  an  inch  at  ends; 
diameter  of  head,  17^-  inches;  inside  diameter  at  the  center  of  the  barrel, 
20-|  inches. 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  state  horticultural  society  was  organized  in  January,  1859,  and 
has  kept  up  its  annual  meetings  in  spite  of  all  difficulties.  Each  congres- 
sional district  of  the  state  is  classed  as  a  separate  horticultural  district,  and 
is  represented  in  the  society  by  a  vice-president,  who  is  expected  to  keep 
himself  posted  on  the  interests  of  this  industry  in  his  district,  and  make 
report  (or  procure  some  one  to  do  it),  at  the  annual  meeting.  The  officers 
of  this  society  for  1880,  were:  President,  Hon.  Norman  J.  Colman,  St. 
Louis;  Vice  Presidents:  1st  congressional  district,  H.  Michel,  St.  Louis; 
2d,  Dr.  C.  W.  Spaulding,  Cliff  Cave;  3d,  J.  Rhodes,  Bridgeton;  4th, 
H.  D.  Wilson,  Cape  Girardeau;  5th,  W.  S.  Jewett,  Crystal  City;  6th,  M. 


9i  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

S.  Roundtree,  Springfield;  7th,  E.  Brown,  Sedalia;  8th,  Z.  S.  Ragan, 
Independence;  9th,  J.  Madinger,  St.  Joseph;  10th,  W.  H.  Miller,  Chili- 
cothe;  11th,  G.  Husmann,  Columbia;  12th,  J.  Hawkins,  Hannibal;  13th, 
W.  Stark,  Louisiana. 

Apples. — All  the  standard  varieties  of  the  temperate  zone  are  raised 
in  their  highest  perfection  in  the  state  of  Missouri;  but  in  such  a  large 
area  of  country  as  our  state  comprises,  and  with  such  a  great  variety  of 
soils,  and  other  conditions,  each  different  kind  has  its  locality  of  best  suc- 
cess. It  is  therefore  not  possible  to  indicate  what  varieties  are  best  for 
the  state ;  each  district  will  have  its  favorites.  At  the  national  exhibit,  in 
1878,  Missouri  showed  one  hundred  and  forty  plates  of  apples.  Distin- 
guished pomologists  assert  that  ten  counties  in  north  Missouri  can  show 
apples  in  as  great  variety  and  perfection  as  any  ten  other  states  in  the 
Union. 

Perhaps  no  better  proof  can  be  given  of  the  general  excellence  of 
Missouri  fruits  than  the  fact  that  at  the  meeting  of  the  American  pomo- 
logical  society,  in  September,  1878,  medals  were  awarded  to  Missouri  for 
the  best  displays  of  apples,  pears  and  wines,  and  also  one  for  the  best 
general  display  of  fruits.  These  honors  were  gained  in  competition  with 
every  state  in  the  union,  represented  by  their  choicest  fruits,  and  at  an 
exhibition  held  at  Rochester,  New  York,  which  had  long  been  regarded 
as  the  very  center  of  the  fruit  growing  interests  of  the  country.  The 
fruits  exhibited  on  that  occasion  were  from  different  parts  of  the  state. 
St.  Joseph,  Independence,  Morrison,  Columbia,  Hermann,  St.  Louis  county, 
Boone  county,  and  other  districts  were  represented,  and  shared  the  hon- 
ors of  our  great  victory. 

The  varieties  that  appear  to  have  received  most  favor  at  the  meeting 
of  our  state  agricultural  society,  in  1880,  were  Ben  Davis,  Winesap, 
Jonathan,  Dominie,  Rawle's  Janet,  Milam,  Northern  Spy,  Carthouse, 
Newtown  Pippin,  Summer  Pippin,  Red  June,  Early  Harvest,  Red 
Astrachan,  Late  Summer,  Dutchess  of  Oldenburg,  Early  Ptnnock,  St. 
Lawrence,  Maiden  Blush,  Rambo,  Grimes'  Golden,  Limber  Twig,  Little 
Romanite. 

Peaches. — The  southeastern  portion  of  the  state,  along  the  line  of  the 
Iron  Mountain  railroad,  and  the  western  portion,  where  the  marly  deposits 
are  so  rich  and  extensive,  are  pre-eminently  the  peach  districts,  and  in 
these  regions  the  peach  seems  almost  indigenous,  never  failing  to  produce 
abundant  crops;  and  yet  fruit-growers  in  these  districts  say  that  they  are 
never  able  to  supply  the  demand,  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  Colorado  taking 
all  from  the  western  region,  and  St.  Louis  having  to  draw  upon  other  states 
for  her  supplies.  Peaches  may  be  relied  upon  as  a  profitable  crop  in  all 
that  part  of  the  state  south  of  the  Missouri  river,  and,  indeed,  are  largely 
grown  much  further  north,  St.  Joseph  exporting  large  amounts. 


HISTORY    OF    THE   STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  95 

In  some  localities  the  trees  have  occasionally  been  winter-killed,  when  not 
in  suitable  soil  or  not  sheltered ;  but,  on  the  whole,  Missouri  may  fairly  be  set 
down  as  a  peach-growing  state.  Mr.  R.  Lynn,  of  Rockport,  in  the 
northrwest  part  of  the  state,  says  he  has  raised  three  good  paying  crops 
of  peaches  in  seven  years,  the  first  crop  being  the  third  year  from  plant- 
ing; his  best  crop  was  in  1S78. 

Pears. — Pears  do  well  throughout  the  state,  especially  in  the  region 
of  Clay,  Jackson  and  Cass  counties.  The  trees  attain  a  great  size  and 
age — a  diameter  of  from  twelve  to  fifteen  inches  is  common;  and  there 
are  trees  a  short  distance  south  of  St.  Louis  over  two  hundred  years  old, 
and  still  bearing  full  crops.  The  pear,  although  the  most  luscious  fruit 
grown  in  northern  latitudes,  is  also  one  of  the  most  difficult  to  raise  suc- 
cessfully— hence  it  is  a  matter  of  reasonable  pride  and  gratification  that 
this  fruit  has  done  so  well  in  our  state.  At  the  national  pomological 
exhibition,  of  1S78,  there  were  from  this  state:  From  the  Missouri  Val- 
ley horticultural  society,  Kansas  City,  twenty  varieties  of  pears ;  from 
Jacob  Rhodes,  Bridgeton,  nine  varieties;  from  J.  Madinger,  St.  Joseph, 
six  varieties;  from  W.  Stark,  Louisiana,  two  varieties.  Some  of  the 
finest  specimens  at  the  exhibition  were  grown  near  St.  Louis,  on  stocks  of 
the  white  thorn. 

Grapes. — For  several  years  the  chief  fruit-growing  interest  of  our  state 
seemed  to  center  on  the  grape — at  least,  it  was  more  discussed  and  advo- 
cated in  fashionable  circles,  than  ail  the  other  fruits  put  together.  The 
anti-prohibition  sentiment  rallied  around  the  grape-growing  industry  for 
the  manufacture  of  native  wines,  as  the  great  panacea  for  all  the  ills  and 
horrors  of  intemperance.  But  aside  from  any  matter  of  sentiment  in  the 
case,  it  does  seem  as  though  we  excel  all  other  states  of  the  Union  in  the 
variety  and  richness  of  our  grapes,  both  of  native  and  cultivated  varieties. 

From  Prof.  Swallow's  report  on  the  country  along  the  lines  of  the 
southwestern  branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  railroad,  published  in  1859, 
we  learn  that  seven  different  native  grapes  have  been  found  in  Missouri. 
1.  Vitis  Labrusca,  commonly  called  "fox  grape."  The  Isabella,  Catawba, 
Schuylkill  and  Bland's  seedling,  are  cultivated  and  popular  varieties  derived 
from  this  wild  grape.  2.  Vitis  Aestivalis,  or  "summer  grape."  This 
is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  state.  3.  Vitis  Cordifolia;  winter  grape,  or 
"  frost  grape  "  as  it  is  more  commonly  called.  4.  Vitis  Rifiaria,  or  "river 
grape," grows  along  streams  and  is  quite  large.  5.  Vitis  Vid-pina ; called 
also  Muscadine.  It  grows  mostly  in  the  south  part  of  the  state,  and  is  a 
large  fine  fruit.  The  cultivated  grape  called  Scuppernong  is  derived  from 
this  wild  variety.  6.  Vitis  Bi-pinnata;  found  in  Cape  Girardeau  and 
Pemiscot  counties.  7.  Vitis  Indivisa;  found  in  central  and  western 
counties. 


96  HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

GRASSES. 

There  are  few  or  no  grasses  that  are  ^peculiar  to  Missouri;  and  fortu- 
nately so,  for  there  is  no  permanent  advantage  in  being  adapted  to  pecu- 
liar crops  any  more  than  in  being  a  peculiar  people.  The  great  blessings 
of  life  are  universal  and  widespread.  It  results  that  all  the  valuable 
members  of  this  great  and  beneficial  family  of  plants  are  adapted  to  and 
capable  of  being  introduced  and  cultivated  in  this  state.  Flint,  in  his 
standard  work  on  grasses,  says:  "Whoever  has  blue  grass  has  the  basis 
of  all  agricultural  prosperity,  and  that  man,  if  he  have  not  the  finest 
horses,  cattle  and  sheep,  has  no  one  to  blame  but  himself.  Others,  in 
other  circumstances,  may  do  well.  He  can  hardly  avoid  doing  well  if  he 
will  try." 

Blue  grass  is  indigenous  in  Missouri.  When  the  timber  is  removed  it 
springs  up  spontaneously  on  the  land,  and,  when  the  prairie  is  reclaimed, 
it  soon  takes  possession  and  supersedes  all  other  grasses.  This  famous 
grass  is  the  foundation  on  which  the  mighty  stock  industry  of  Kentucky* 
has  been  built,  and  has  given  a  world-renowned  reputation  to  its  fine 
blood  horses,  cattle  and  sheep.  The  combing-wool  sheep  and  the  fine 
mutton  breeds  have  obtained  a  national  reputation  for  wool  and  mutton  in 
that  state,  and  their  usefulness  has  but  begun.  What  blue  grass  has  done 
for  Kentucky,  it  is  now  doing  for  Missouri.  An  acre  of  this  grass  is 
worth  an  acre  of  corn. 

Recent  experience  has  proved  that  alfalfa  or  lucerne,  that  most  fatten- 
ing of  all  grasses,  grows  luxuriantly  in  this  region,  yielding  each  year 
three  or  four  good  crops  of  hay. 

THE  "GRASSHOPPER"  IN  MISSOURI. 

As  early  as  1867,  our  state  board  of  agriculture  reported  destruction  by 
grasshoppers  (the  Rocky  Mountain  locust,)  in  the  western  part  of  the 
state  the  previous  fall;  and  also,  that  there  had  been  visitations  more  or 
less  injurious  in  former  years.  But  their  greatest  and  most  grievous 
invasion  occurred  in  the  fall  of  1874,  when  33  counties  of  western  Mis- 
souri suffered  from  thefr  ruthless  ravages.  Our  state  entomologist,  Prof. 
C.  V.  Riley,  made  such  a  thorough,  diligent  and  masterful  study  of  their 
origin  and  habits,  and  the  causes,  methods  and  consequences  of  their  migra- 
tions, that  he  became  the  standard  authority  on  grasshoppers  all  over  the 
civilized  world.  In  1876  the  government  appointed  a  special  commission 
of  entomologists  to  investigate  the  character  and  movements  of  these 
pests,  and  report  for  the  benefit  of  the  whole  infested  region,  which  com- 
prised the  country  west  of  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  Jefferson  City,  Missouri, 
and  Galveston,  Texas,  ranging  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  south,  to 

*  "Kentucky  blue  grass,"  (so-called),  is  not  native  to  that  state :  it  is  the  same  as  the  En- 
glish spear  grass,  the  New  England  June  grass,,  or  meadow  grass — or,  in  botanical  lan- 
guage, poa  pratensis. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  \)\ 

Lake  Winnipeg  and  Manitoba  in  the  British  possessions  northward,  and 
as  far  west  as  the  headquarters  of  the  Columbia  river.  The  most  prom- 
inent scientists  on  this  commission  were  our  own  Prof.  Riley,  and  Prof. 
Samuel  Aughey,  of  the  state  university  of  Nebraska. 

The  results  of  this  United  States  commission  were  little  if  anything 
mere  than  a  tedious  elaboration  of  what  Prof.  Riley  had  presented  in 
three  annual  reports  as  state  entomologist  of  Missouri.  No  new  points 
of  any  special  importance  were  discovered  concerning  them.  The  devel- 
opment of  this  subject,  therefore,  belongs  to  the  history  of  what  Missouri 
has  done  for  science,  for  agriculture  and  for  the  public  weal.  In  his 
seventh  annual  report  to  our  state  board  of  agriculture,  IS 75,  Prof.  Riley 
says : 

''There  is  some  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  precise  natural  habitat  and 
breeding  places  of  these  insects,  but  the  facts  all  indicate  that  it  is  by 
nature  a  denizen  of  high  altitudes,  breeding  in  the  valleys,  parks  and 
plateaus  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  of  Colorado,  and  especially  of 
Montana,  Wyoming  and  British  America.  Prof.  Cyrus  Thomas,  who 
has  had  an  excellent  opportunity  of  studying  it,  through  his  connection 
with  Hayden's  geological  survey  of  the  territories,  reports  it  as  occurring 
from  Texas  to  British  America,  and  from  the  Mississippi  westward  to  the 
Sierra  Nevada  range.  But  in  all  this  vast  extent  of  country,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  more  southern  latitudes,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
it  breeds  only  on  the  higher  mountain  elevations,  and  where  the  atmos- 
phere is  very  dry  and  attenuated,  and  the  soil,  seldom,  if  ever,  gets  soaked 
with  moisture.  Prof.  Thomas  found  it  most  numerous  in  all  stages  of 
growth,  along  the  higher  valleys  and  canyons  of  Colorado,  tracing  it  up 
above  the  perennial  snows,  where  the  insects  must  have  hatched,  as  it 
was  found  in  the  adolescent  stage.  In  crossing  the  mountains  in  Col- 
orado, it  often  gets  chilled  in  passing  snows,  and  thus  perishes  in 
immense  numbers,  where  bears  delight  to  feast  upon  it.  My  own  belief 
is  that  the  insect  is  at  home  in  the  higher  altitudes  of  Utah,  Idaho,  Col- 
orado, W}'omingf  Montana,  northwest  Dakota,  and  British  America.  It 
breeds  in  all  this  region,  but  particularly  on  the  vast  hot  and  dry  plains 
and  plateaus  of  the  last  named  territories,  and  on  the  plains  west  of  the 
mountains;  its  range  being  bounded,  perhaps,  on  the  east  by  that  of  the 
buffalo  grass. 

"  Mr.  Wm.  N.  Byers,  of  Denver,  Colorado,  shows  that  they  hatch  in 
immense  quantities  in  the  valleys  of  the  three  forks  of  the  Missouri  river 
and  along  the  Yellowstone,  and  how  they  move  on  from  there,  when 
fledged,  in  a  southeast  direction,  at  about  ten  miles  a  day.  The  swarms 
of  1867  were  traced,  as  he  states,  from  their  hatching  grounds  in  west 
Dakota,  and  Montana,  along  the  east  flank  of  the  P-ocky  Mountains,  in 
the  valleys  and  plains  of  the  Black  Hills,  and  between  them  and  the  main 
Rock}-  Mountain  range.  It  all  this  immense  stretch  of  countr}',as  is  well 
known,  there  are  immense  tracts  of  barren,  almost  desert  land,  while 
other  tracts  for  hundreds  of  miles  bear  only  a  scanty  vegetation,  the  short 
buffalo  grass  of  the  more  fertile  prairies  giving  way  now  to  a  more  luxu- 
riant vegetation  along  the  water  courses,  now  to  the  sage  bush  and  a  few 
cacti.  Another  physical  peculiarity  is  found  in  the  fact  that  while  the 
7 


98  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

spring  on  these  immense  plains  often  opens  as  early,  even  away  up  into 
British  America,  as  it  does  with  us  in  the  latitude  of  St.  Louis,  yet  the  veg- 
etation is  often  dried  and  actually  burned  out  before  the  first  of  July,  so 
that  not  a  green  thing  is  to  be  found.  Our  Rocky  Mountain  locust, 
therefore,  hatching  out  in  untold  myriads  in  the  hot  sandy  plains,  five  or 
six  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  will  often  perish  in  immense 
numbers  if  the  scant  vegetation  of  its  native  home  dries  up  before  it 
acquires  wings;  but  if  the  season  is  propitious,  and  the  insect  becomes 
fledged  before  its  food  supplies  is  exhausted,  the  newly  acquired  wings 
prove  its  salvation.  It  may  also  become  periodically  so  prodigiously  mul- 
tiplied in  its  native  breeding  place,  that,  even  in  favorable  seasons,  every- 
thing green  is  devoured  by  the  time  it  becomes  winged. 

"  In  either  case,  prompted  by  that  most  exigent  law  of  hunger — spurred 
on  for  very  life — it  rises  in  immense  clouds  in  the  air  to  seek  for  fresh 
pastures  where  it  may  stay  its  ravenous  appetite.  Borne  along  by  pre- 
vailing winds  that  sweep  over  these  immense  treeless  plains  from  the  north- 
west, often  at  the  rate  of  fifty  or  sixty  miles  an  hour,  the  darkening  locust 
clouds  are  soon  carried  into  the  more  moist  and  fertile  country  to  the 
southeast,  where,  with  sharpened  appetites,  they  fall  upon  the  crops  like 
a  plague  and  a  blight. 

"  Many  of  the  more  feeble  or  of  the  more  recently  fledged  perish,  no 
doubt,  on  he  way,  but  the  main  army  succeeds,  with  favorable  wind, 
in  bridging  over  the  parched  country  which  offers  no  nourishment.  The 
hotter  and  dryer  the  season,  and  the  greater  the  extent  of  the  drouth,  the 
earlier  will  they  be  prompted  to  migrate,  and  the  farther  will  they  push 
on  to  the  east  and  south. 

"  The  comparatively  sudden  change  from  the  attenuated  and  dry  atmos- 
phere of  five  to  eight  thousand  feet  or  more  above  the  sea  level,  to  the 
more  humid  and  dense  atmosphere  of  one  thousand  feet  below  that  level, 
does  not  agree  with  them.  The  first  generation  hatched  in  this  low  coun- 
try is  unhealthy,  and  the  few  that  attain  maturity  do  not  breed,  but 
become  intestate  and  go  to  the  dogs.  At  least  such  is  the  case  in  our  own 
state  and  the  whole  of  the  Mississippi  valley  proper.  As  we  go  west  or 
northwest  and  approach  nearer  and  nearer  the  insect's  native  home,  the 
power  to  propagate  itself  and  become  localized,  becomes,  of  course,  greater 
and  greater,  until  at  last  we  reach  the  country  where  it  is  found  per- 
petually. Thus  in  the  western  parts  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska  the  pro- 
geny from  the  mountain  swarms  may  multiply  to  the  second  or  even  third 
generation,  and  wing  their  way  in  more  local  and  feeble  bevies  to  the 
country  east  and  south.  Yet  eventually  they  vanish  from  off  the  face  of 
the  earth,  unless  fortunate  enough  to  be  carried  back  by  favorable  winds 
to  the  high  and  dry  country  where  they  flourish. 

"  That  they  often  instinctively  seek  to  return  to  their  native  haunts  is 
proven  by  the  fact  that  they  are  often  seen  flying  early  in  the  season  in  a 
northwesterly  direction.  As  a  rule,  however,  the  wind  which  saved  the 
first  comers  from  starvation  by  bearing  them  away  from  their  native 
home,  keeps  them  and  their  issue  to  the  east  and  south,  and  thus,  in  the 
end  proves  their  destruction.  For  in  the  Mississippi  valley  they  are 
doomed,  sooner  or  later.  There  is  nothing  more  certain  than  that  the 
insect  is  not  antochthonous  in  west  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa, 
or  even  Minnesota,  and  that  when  forced  to  migrate  from  its  native  home, 
from  the  causes  already  mentioned,  it  no  longer  thrives  in  this  country." 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  99 

February  23,  187t,  our  state  legislature  passed  a  law  providing  for 
the  payment  of  a  bounty  at  one  dollar  per  bushel  in  March,  fifty  cents 
per  bushel  in  April,  and  twenty-five  cents  per  bushel  in  May,  for  grass- 
hoppers; and  five  dollars  per  bushel  for  their  eggs  at  any  time.  Nebraska 
did  still  better,  by  making  every  road  supervisor  in  the  state  a  grasshop- 
per policeman,  and  giving  him  authority  to  call  out  every  man  from  six- 
teen to  sixty  years  old,  to  spend  two  days  killing  young  grasshoppers 
from  the  time  they  begin  to  hatch  in  the  spring. 

All  the  grasshopper  states  now  have  some  sort  of  protective  laws;  and 
if  another  invasion  occurs,  by  concerted  and  organized  effort  the  amount 
of  damage  suffered  can  be  reduced  to  a  small  per  cent  as  compared  with 
our  last  "  plague  of  the  locusts." 


PART  III.— NAVIGATION  AND  COMMERCE. 

NAVIGATION— ANCIENT  AND  MODERN. 
It  is  not  certainly  known  just  what  modes  of  navigation  were  used  by 
the  prehistoric  mound-builders,  although  we  hare  some  relics  of  their 
time,  or  possibly  of  a  still  earlier  race,  which  are  deemed  to  show  that 
they  made  wooden  dug-outs  or  troughs,  by  burning  them  into  a  sort  of 
boat-like  shape  and  condition.  And  it  is  supposed  that,  prior  to  this  they 
lashed  together  logs  or  fragments  of  drift-wood,  and  made  rude  rafts 
upon  which  they  could  cross  rivers  or  float  down,  but  of  course  could 
not  return  with  them.  Some  remains  have  been  found  in  northwestern 
Iowa*  which  are  supposed  to  prove  that  men  used  wooden  dug-out  boats 
during  the  age  when  Missouri,  Iowa,  Kansas  and  Nebraska  were  the 
bottom  of  a  vast  inland  sea  or  lake,  into  which  the  Missouri  and  Platte 
rivers  emptied  their  muddy  waters  and  deposited  what  Prof.  Swallow 
calls  the  "bluff  formation"  over  these  states;  and  Prof.  Whitney  found 
in  California  undisputable  proof  of  man's  existence  there  a  whole  geolog- 
ical age  prior  to  the  period  when  the  great  fresh  water  Missouri  sea 
existed,  (see  note  to  chart,  on  page  67);  hence  the  fact  that  raft  and  dug- 
out navigation  was  in  use  among  the  islands  and  shallows  of  this  immense 
mud-lake  or  inland  sea,  seems  not  improbable. 

However,  the  modern  Indians,  before  the  white  man  appeared  in  these 
western  wilds,  had  the  art  of  making  light  and  elegant  canoes  of  birch 
bark,  and  could  manage  them  in  the  water  with  wonderful  skill.  They 
made  long  journeys  in  them,  both  up  and  down  stream;  and  when  they 
wanted  to  go  from  one  stream  to  another  these  canoes  were  so  light  that 
two  men  could  carry  one  on  their  shoulders  and  march  twenty  or  twenty- 
five  miles  a  day  with  it  if  necessary.  But  they  wrere  too  light  and  frail 
for  the  freighting  service  of  the  white  man's  commerce. 

*  Reported  to  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  at  its  St.  Louis 
meeting,  in  August,  1878,  by  W.  J.  McGee,  geologist,  of  Farley,  Iowa. 


100  HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

The  European  explorers  of  this  new  world  utilized  the  Indian  canoes 
as  far  as  practicable,  often  making  considerable  voyages  in  them;  some- 
times two  were  lashed  together  by  means  of  coupling  poles  laid  across 
on  top  of  them,  thus  making  a  boat  with  two  hulls.  This  rig  could  not 
be  upset,  and  was  easy  to  tow  or  paddle,  besides  making  a  sort  of  over- 
deck  on  which  to  carry  baggage.  But  the  thin,  frail  material  was  too 
easily  punctured  to  be  safe,  and  boats  made  of  plank  were  always  in 
demand.  At  first  the  boats  were  built  in  the  "  scow  "  fashion,  with  full 
width  flat  bottom  and  full  width  sled-runner  bow.  But  they  soon  learned 
that  in  order  to  make  any  headway  going  up  stream  they  must  adopt  the 
keel  bottom  and  water-cutter  prow  style ;  and  for  more  than  a  hundred 
years  the  traffic  of  all  our  navigable  western  rivers  was  carried  on  mainly 
by  means  of  what  were  called  keel-boats.  The  manner  of  propelling 
them  up  stream  we  have  described  elsewhere. 

THE  LEWIS  AND  CLARKE  EXPEDITION. 

The  Missouri  river  was  first  opened  to  commerce  and  geography  by 
Lewis  and  Clarke,  who  were  commissioned  by  President  Jefferson,  in 
1803,  to  explore  it.  They  left  St.  Louis  May  14',  1804.  The  outfit  con- 
sisted of  twenty-six  men;  one  keel-boat  fifty-five  feet  long,  drawing  three 
feet  of  water,  and  provided  with  one  large  square  sail  and  twenty-two 
oars.  Also,  two  open  boats,  one  of  six,  and  one  of  seven  oars.  May  16th 
they  were  at  St.  Charles ;  on  the  25th  they  reached  LaCharrette,  a  small 
village  sixty-five  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  river,  not  far  from  where 
Marthasville,  in  Warren  county,  is  now  located,  and  which  was  the  last 
white  settlement  up  the  river.  June  1st  they  reached  the  mouth  of  the 
Osage  river,  which  was  so  called  because  the  Osage  tribe  of  Indians 
dwelt  along  its  course.  June  26th,  they  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Kansas 
river,  where  Kansas  City  now  flourishes  in  all  her  glory,  and  remained 
here  two  days  for  rest  and  repairs.  The  Kansas  tribe  of  Indians  had  two 
villages  in  this  vicinity.  July  8th  they  were  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nodawa, 
where  now  is  the  village  of  Amazonia,  in  Andrew  county ;  and  on  the  11th 
they  landed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nemaha  river.  On  the  14th  they  passed 
the  mouth  of  the  Nishnabotna  river,  and  noted  that  it  was  only  300  yards 
distant  from  the  Missouri  at  a  point  twelve  miles  above  its  mouth. 

This  was  their  last  point  within  the  boundaries  of  the  present  state  of 
Missouri.  St.  Louis  was  then  the  territorial  capital  of  the  whole  region 
they  were  to  explore  through  to  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  This  was  one  of  the  great  exploring  adventures  of  the 
world's  history,  and  its  narrative  is  full  of  romantic  and  thrilling  interest, 
but  space  forbids  its  presentation  here.  The  party  followed  up  the  entire 
length  of  the  Missouri  river,  then  down  the  Columbia  to  the  Pacific 
ocean,  reaching  that  point  November  14th,  1805.  Here  they  wintered; 
and  on  March  23d,  1806,  they  started  on   their  return  trip  by  the   same 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  101 

route,  arriving  at  St.  Louis  September  23d,  at  12  o'clock — not  a  man 
missing  from  the  party  that  first  started  out;  and  the  people  of  St.  Louis 
gave  them  an  enthusiastic  ovation. 

FIRST  STEAMBOATS  IN  MISSOURI. 

Steam  came  at  last,  and  revolutionized  the  business  of  navigation  and 
commerce  throughout  the  world.  The  first  steamboat  that  ever  lashed 
the  Missouri  shore  with  its  waves,  or  made  our  river  hills  and  forests  echo 
back  her  pulsating  puffs,  was  the  "  General  Pike,"  from  Louisville,  which 
landed  at  St.  Louis,  August  2,  1S17.  Such  boats  had  passed  a  few  times 
up  and  down  the  whole  length  of  the  Ohio  river,  and  between  Louisville 
and  New  Orleans,  before  this,  so  that  the  people  of  St.  Louis  had  heard 
about  them  from  the  keel-boat  navigators.  They  were  therefore  over- 
joyed when  the  firsi  one  landed  at  the  foot  of  their  main  business  street, 
and  thus  placed  them  for  the  first  time  in  steam  communication  with  the 
rest  of  the  civilized  world.  The  event  was  celebrated  with  the  most 
enthusiastic  manifestations  of  delight  by  the  ringing  of  bells,  firing  of 
guns,  floating  of  flags  and  streamers,  building  of  bonfires,  etc.  The 
second  one,  the  "  Constitution,"  arrived  October  2 ;  and  from  that  onward 
the  arrival  of  steamboats  became  a  very  commonplace  affair. 

The  first  boat  that  ever  entered  the  Missouri  river  was  the  "Independ- 
ence," commanded  by  Captain  Nelson.  She  left  St.  Louis  May  15,  1819, 
and  on  the  28th  arrived  at  Franklin,  a  flourishing  young  city  that  stood 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Missouri  river,  opposite  where  Boonville  is  now 
located.  There  was  a  U.  S.  land  office  at  Franklin,  and  it  was  the 
metropolis  of  the  up-Missouri  region,  or  as  it  was  then  called,  the 
"Boone's  Lick  Country."*  When  this  first  steamboat  arrived  the  citi- 
zens got  up  a  grand  reception  and  public  dinner  in  honor  of  the  captain 
and  crew.  The  boat  proceeded  up  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Chariton 
river,  where  there  was  then  a  small  village  called  Chariton,  but  from  that 
point  turned  back,  picking  up  freight  for  St.  Louis  and  Louisville  at  the 
settlements  as  she  passed  down.  The  town  *site  of  Old  Franklin  was 
long  ago  all  washed  away,  and  the  Missouri  river  now  flows  over  the 
very  spot  where  then  were  going  on  all  the  industries  of  a  busy,  thriving, 
populous  young  city. 

The  second  steamboat  to  enter  the  Missouri  river  (and  what  is  given  in 
most  histories  as  the  first)  was  in  connection  with  Major  S.  H.  Long's  U. 
S.  exploring  expedition,  and  occurred  June  21,  1819,  not  quite  a  month 
after  the  trip  of  the  "  Independence."  Major  Long's  fleet  consisted  of 
four  steamboats,  the  "  Western  Engineer,"  "  Expedition,"  "  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson "  and  "  R.  M.  Johnson,"  together  with  nine  keel-boats.  The 
"Jefferson,"   however,  was  wrecked  and  lost  a  few  days  after.     The 

♦Daniel  Boone  had  first  explored  this  region  and  discovered  some  rich  salt  springs,  and 
two  of  his  sons  manufactured  suit  and  shipped  it  from  Franklin  for  several  years. 


102  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 

"Western  Engineer"  was  a  double  stern  wheel  boat,  and  had  projecting 
from  her  bow  a  figure-head  representing  a  huge  open-jawed,  red-mouthed, 
forked-tongued  serpent,  and  out  of  this  hideous  orifice  the  puffs  of  steam 
escaped  from  the  engines.  The  men  on  board  had  many  a  hearty  laugh 
from  watching  the  Indians  on  shore.  When  the  strange  monster  came 
in  sight,  rolling  out  smoke  and  sparks  from  its  chimney  like  a  fiery  mane, 
and  puffing  great  mouthfuls  of  steam  from  its  wide  open  jaws,  they 
would  look  an  instant,  then  yell,  and  run  like  deer  to  hide  away  from 
their  terrible  visitor.  They  thought  it  was  the  Spirit  of  Evil,  the  very 
devil  himself,  coming  to  devour  them.  But  their  ideas  and  their  actions 
were  not  a  whit  more  foolish  than  those  of  the  sailors  on  the  Hudson 
river,  who  leaped  from  their  vessels  and  swam  ashore  to  hide,  when  Ful- 
ton's first  steamboat  came  puffing  and  glaring  and  smoking  and  splashing 
toward  them,  like  a  wheezy  demon  broke  loose  from  the  bottomless  pit. 
Major  Long  was  engaged  five  years  in  exploring  all  the  region  between 
the  Mississippi  river  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  which  is  drained  by  the 
Missouri  and  its  tributaries;  and  his  steamboats  were  certainly  the  first 
that  ever  passed  up*  the  Missouri  to  any  great  distance.  Long's  Peak,  in 
Colorado,  14,272  feet  high,  was  named  after  him. 

From  this  time  forward  the  commerce  and  travel  by  steamboats  to  and 
from  St.  Louis  grew  rapidly  into  enormous  proportions,  and  small  towns 
sprung  up  in  quick  succession  on  every  stream  where  a  boat  with  paddle 
wheels  could  make  its  way.  For  half  a  century  steamboating  was  the 
most  economical  and  expeditious  mode  of  commerce  in  vogue  for  inland 
traffic;  and  Missouri,  with  her  whole  eastern  boundary  washed  by  the 
"  Father  of  Waters,"  and  the  equally  large  and  navigable  "  Big  Muddy  " 
meandering  entirely  across  her  territory  from  east  to  west,  and  for  nearly 
two  hundred  miles  along  her  northwestern  border,  became  an  imperial 
center  of  the  steamboating  interest  and  industry. 

About  1830  the  art  of  constructing  iron-railed  traffic-ways,  with  steam- 
propelled  carriages  upon  them,  began  to  be  developed  in  our  eastern 
states.  But  it  was  not  until  1855  that  these  new  devices  for  quick  transit 
began  to  affect  the  steamboating  interests  of  Missouri.  (The  first  rail- 
roads to  St.  Louis  were  opened  in  that  year;  the  railroad  history  of  the 
state  will  be  found  in  another  place.)  Then  commenced  the  memorable 
struggle  of  the  western  steamboat  interests,  with  headquarters  at  St. 
Louis,  to  prevent  any  railroad  bridge  from  being  built  across  the  Missis- 
sippi, Missouri  or  Ohio  rivers.  They  held  that  such  structures  would 
inevitably  be  an  artificial  obstruction  to  the  free  and  safe  navigation  of 
these  great  natural  highways.  But  it  was  evident  enough  to  clear- 
thinking  people  that  the  steamboat  business  must- decline  if  railroads 
were  permitted  to  cross  the  great  rivers  without  the  expense  of  breaking 
bulk,  and  this  was  the  "true  inwardness"  of  the   anti-railroad  bridge 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  103 

combination.  The  issue  was  made  against  the  first  railroad  bridge  that 
ever  spanned  the  Mississippi,  the  one  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois.  In  a  long 
course  of  controversy  and  litigation  the  railroads  came  out  ahead,  and 
steamboating  gradually  declined,  both  in  the  freight  and  passenger  traffic, 
to  less  than  half  its  former  proportions. 

However,  the  tables  have  been  turned  again;  and  now,  in  1881, 

THE  BARGE  SYSTEM 
has  suddenly  leaped  forth  to  break   the   threatening  power  of  monopoly 
which  the  great  east  and  west  railroad  lines  for  a  while  enjoyed. 

The  first  step  in  the  historic  progress  of  this  grand  revolution  in  the 
commercial  relations  and  connections  of  the  entire  Mississippi  and  Mis- 
souri valley  regions,  was  the  successful  construction  of  the  jetties  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  river  by  Capt.  James  B.  Eads,  a  worthy  and 
distinguished  citizen  of  St.  Louis.  This  great  enterprise  was  undertaken 
by  Capt.  Eads  under  an  act  of  congress  approved  March  3d,  1875.  It 
required  him  to  obtain  a  channel  20  feet  deep  and  200  feet  wide  at  the 
bottom,  within  thirty  months  from  the  passage  of  the  act,  upon  which  a 
payment  of  $500,000  would  be  made;  and  upon  obtaining  channels  of  two 
feet  additional  depth,  with  correspondingly  increased  widths  at  bottom, 
until  a  depth  of  30  feet  and  a  width  at  bottom  of  350  feet  was  secured, 
payments  of  $500,000  were  to  be  made,  with  additional  payments  for 
maintenance  of  channel.  The  total  cost  to  the  government  of  a  channel 
30  feet  deep  by  350  feet  wide  would  be  $5,250,000.  Capt.  Eads  was  also 
to  receive  $100,000  per  year  for  twenty  years,  to  keep  the  works  in  repair 
and  maintain  the  channel. 

Before  the  jetty  works  were  commenced,  there  existed  an  immense  bar 
of  sand  or  silt,  with  a  depth  of  only  eight  feet  of  water  over  it,  between 
the  deep  water  of  the  Mississippi  and  the  navigable  water  of  the  Gulf. 
But  at  the  close  of  the  year  there  was  a  wide  and  ample  channel  of  23£ 
feet;  and  for  the  greater  portion  of  the  distance  between  the  jetties,  over 
this  same  bar,  there  was  a  channel  from  28  to  35  feet  deep.  The  scheme 
has  been  so  entirely  successful  that  it  has  attained  a  world-wide  celebrity 
and  commercial  importance,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  largest  class  of 
sea-going  vessels  can  now  be  towed  in  and  out  of  the  Mississippi  river 
without  risk  or  difficulty:  and  it  is  this  achievement  by  our  honored  fellow- 
citizen  which  has  made  possible  the  success  of  the  grain-barge  system  of 
shipments  from  St.  Louis  direct  to  Europe,  that  is  now  revolutionizing  the 
entire  trade  and  commerce  of  the  major  half  of  the  United  States.  The 
following  facts  will  serve  to  show  what  has  already  been  accomplished  in 
this  direction. 

The  total  shipments  of  grain  by  the  barge  lines  from  St.  Louis  to  New 
Orleans  in  the  month  of  March  1881,  was  2,348,093  bushels. 

The  St.  Louis  Republican  of  April  2d,  1881,  stated: 


104  HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

"  There  were  started  from  St.  Louis  yesterday  about  eighty  trains  of 
grain  to  New  Orleans,  or  what  amounts  to  the  same  thing,  three  different 
barge  companies  started  tows  down  the  river  with  567,000  bushels  of 
grain.  This  amount  would  have  filled  about  1,200  railway  cars,  and 
would  have  taken  eighty  trains  of  fifteen  cars  or  sixty  trains  of  twenty 
cars  each  to  transport.  "All  this  grain  was  put  into  fifteen  barges,  and  a 
matter  of  2,600  tons  of  miscellaneous  freight  besides.  All  these  three 
tow-boats  started  down  the  river  with  a  freight  list  that  would  have  filled 
between  thirteen  and  fourteen  hundred  railway  cars,  and  will  be  delivered 
to  New  Orleans  in  from  five  to  nine  days. 

"The  exact  statement  of  the  cost  of  transportation  of  flour  from  St. 
Louis  via  New  Orleans  to  Liverpool  and  to  Boston,  per  barrel,  is  ninety 
cents  freight  and  four  cents  drayage  to  boat  at  levee  at  St.  Louis,  or  ninety- 
four  cents  to  Liverpool,  while  the  freight  per  barrel  to  Boston  by  rail,  in 
car-loads  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  barrels,  from  East  St.  Louis,  is 
ninety-one  cents,  or  from  St.  Louis  (eight  cents  transfer  across  the  bridge 
addecl,)  ninety-nine  cents,  or  five  cents  less  to  Liverpool  by  river  and 
ocean,  than  by  rail  to  Boston.  This  rate  to  Liverpool  via  New  Orleans 
was  negotiated  March  30  by  the  St.  Louis,  New  Orleans  and  Foreign 
Dispatch  Company." 

George   H.   Morgan,   Esq.,   secretary  of  the  St.  Louis  "Merchant's 
Exchange,"  furnished  the  writer  of  this  history  with  the  following  state- 
ment of  grain  shipments  by  barge  line  from  St.  Louis  to  New  Orleans: 
1881.  Wheat.  Cora.  Oats.  Rye. 

February 232,248         126,770      22,423 

March 796,710      1,541,505     25,162      

April 819,038      1,312,432     24,916      

Total 1,847,996      2,980,707     50,078     22,423 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  tide  has  fairly  turned ;  that  St.  Louis  is  now 
practically  a  commercial  seaport,  and  will,  within  the  next  twelve  months, 
become  the  greatest  grain-shipping  city  on  the  American  continent. 


RAILROADS  IN  MISSOURI. 

The  earliest  account  of  any  movement  in  this  state  with  regard  to  rail- 
roads is  to  the  effect  that  on  the  20th  of  April,  1835,  a  railroad  convention 
was  held  in  St.  Louis,  and  resolutions  were  adopted  in  favor  of  building 
two  railroads — one  from  St.  Louis  to  Fayette,  in  Howard  county;  and  the 
other  one  southward  to  Iron  Mountain,  Pilot  Knob,  etc.*  The  reason  for 
projecting  a  railroad  from  St.  Louis  into  the  great  iron  region  is  obvious 
enough ;  but  why  they  should  at  that  early  day  have  thought  of  building 
more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  of  railroad  to  reach  a  town  that 
was  only  twelve  miles  from  Old  Franklin,  on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri 
river,  is  an  unsolved  mystery.     It  indicates,  at  least,  that  those  "early 

*The  first  steam  railroad  in  this  country  was  the  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna  line,  in 
1830;  though  horse  railroads  had  been  used  before,  especially  at  coal  mines  and  marble 
quarries,  and  in  two  cases  engines  had  been  used  on  such  roads. 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  105 

fathers"  were  not  under  the  control  of  any  narrow  or  shallow  views  con- 
cerning the  practical  value  of  railroads,  or  the  future  grandeur  of  St. 
Louis  as  the  central  point  for  all  trans-Mississippi  traffic.  In  this  first 
railroad  convention  ever  held  west  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains  there 
were  sixty-four  delegates  in  attendance,  representing  eleven  counties;  but 
practically  nothing  ever  came  of  their  deliberations. 

In  1840  a  State  Board  of  Internal  Improvement  was  created,  and  it 
made  a  survey  for  a  railroad  from  St.  Louis  to  the  Iron  Mountain,  by  the 
way  of  Big  River.  February  7th,  1849,  Col.  Thomas  H.  Benton,  sena- 
tor from  Missouri,  introduced  into  the  U.  S.  senate  a  bill  to  provide  for 
the  location  and  construction  of  a  central  national  road  from  the  Pacific 
ocean  to  the  Mississippi  river,  to  be  an  iron  railway  where  practicable, 
and  the  rest  a  wagon  way.  February  20th,  same  year,  a  public  meeting 
was  held  in  St.  Louis,  which  petitioned  the  legislature  for  a  charter  and 
right-of-way  for  a  railway  across  the  state  from  St.  Louis  to  the  western 
boundary;  and  on  the  12th  of  March  this  charter  was  granted. 

Next  a  meeting  was  held  which  called  a  national  convention  at  St. 
Louis  to  consider  the  project  of  a  national  Pacific  railway  across  the 
continent.  This  convention  was  held  October  15,  16,  17,  18,  1849.  Fif- 
teen states  were  represented ;  the  grand  project  was  warmly  commended, 
and  a  strong  memorial  sent  to  Congress  asking  the  public  authorities  to 
take  some  action  in  the  matter. 

Such  was  the  beginning  of  definite  moves  toward  a  trans-continental 
railroad. 

The  Missouri  Pacific  was  the  first  railroad  commenced  and  first  finished 
in  the  State.  Incorporated  March  12,  1849;  authorized  capital  $10,000,- 
000;  opened  to  Cheltenham,  March  23,  1852;  amount  of  state  aid, 
$7,000,000;  St.  Louis  county  aid  $700,000;  land  sold,  127,209  acres; 
entire  length  from  St.  Louis  to  Kansas  City,  382  miles;  total  cost,  $14,- 
382,208. 

The  successive  stages  of  its  construction  were:  Chartered,  March  12, 
1859;  first  ground  broken,  by  Mayor  Kennett  of  St.  Louis,  July  4,  1851; 
road  opened  to  Cheltenham,  Dec.  23, 1852;  to  Kirkwood  in  May,  and  to 
Franklin  July  23, 1853;  completed  to  Washington,  February  11,  1855;  to 
Hermann,  August  7,  the  same  year;*  and  to  Jefferson  City,  March  12, 1856 ; 
completed  to  California  in  Moniteau  county,  May,  14,  1858;  to  Tipton, 
July  26,  same  year;  and  to  Syracuse,  August,  1,    1859;  opened  to  Otter- 

*November  1, 1855,  a  large  excursion  train  left  St.  Louis  to  celebrate  the  opening  of  the 
railroad  through  to  Medora  station,  about  twenty  miles  beyond  Hermann.  It  was  a  long 
train  tilled  with  business  men  of  ths  city  and  their  families,  and  the  occasion  was  one  or 
great  festivity  and  rejoicing.  But  while  the  train  was  crossing  the  Gasconade  river  the 
bridge  gave  way,  and  plunged  cars,  bridge  and  people  in  one  mixed  and  horrible  wreck 
into  the  gulf  of  waters  fifty  feet  down.  The  president  and  chief  engineer  of  the  road,  and 
30  prominent  citizens  of  St.  Louis  were  killed,  while  scores  of  others  were  more  or  less 
injured.  It  was  the  first  and  the  most  terrible  railroad  accident  that  has  ever  occurred  in 
the  state. 


106  HISTORY    OF    THE   STATE    OF   MISSOURI. 

ville,  August  24,  1860;  to  Smithton,  November  1,  same  year;  and  to 
Sedalia  in  February  1861.  Here  it  stopped  during  the  first  two  years  of 
the  war.  But  Pettis  county  voted  $75,000  to  aid  it,  and  Jackson  county 
$200,000.  Commenced  running  trains  to  Dresden,  May  10,  1863;  to 
Warrensburg,  July  3,  1864;  in  1865  the  road  was  opened  to  Holden,  May 
28;  to  Pleasant  Hill,  July  19;  to  Independence,  September  19.  Meanwhile 
work  had  been  going  on  from  Kansas  City  westward,  the  two  gangs  of 
workmen  meeting  at  Independence;  and  on  this  19th  day  of  September, 
1865,  the  last  rail  was  laid  and  the  last  spike  driven,  which  connected 
Missouri's  two  principal  cities  with  iron  bands  unbroken  from  east  to  west 
line  of  the  noble  commonwealth.  On  the  next  day,  the  president  of  the  road 
Mr.  Daniel  R.  Garrison,  left  Kansas  City  at  3  a.  m.,  and  arrived  in  St.  Louis 
at  5  p.  m.,  thus  making  the  first  through  trip  over  the  completed  line. 

There  is  now  not  a  county  north  of  the  Missouri  river  which  has  not 
one  or  more  railroads  within  its  limits;  and  of  the  seventy  counties  south 
of  the  Missouri,  only  22  have  no  railroad  reaching  them.  However,  new 
roads  and  branches  are  being  built  each  year,  so  that  within  a  few  years 
every  county  will  be  provided  with  good  railroad  facilities. 

January  1,  1880,  there  were,  in  round  numbers,  3,600  miles  of  railroad 
in  operation  in  the  state,  embraced  in  about  fifty  different  main  lines  and 
branches,  allowned  by  thirty-five  different  corporations,  and  operated  by 
twenty-five  different  companies, as  shown  in  the  following  table: 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Sante  Fe 22  Missouri  Pacific 375 

Burlington  and  Southwestern 64  Quincy,  Missouri  and  Pacific 75 

Cherry  Valley 6  St.  Joseph  and  Des  Moines 45 

Chicago  and  Alton 264  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  and  Keokuk 48 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific 169^  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mount'n  and  Southr'n  380 

Crystal  City 4  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  and  Northwestern  132}£ 

Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph 291%  St.  Louis,  Salem  and  Little  Rock 45 

Kansas  City  and  Eastern 43  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco 363% 

Kansas  City,  Ft.  Scott  and  Gulf 8  Springfield    and  Western  Missouri..     20 

KansasCity,  St. Joe  and  Council  BlfFs  198  Union  Railway  and  Transit  Company      1 

Little  River  Valley  and  Arkansas 27  Wabash,  St.  Louis  and  Pacific 655 

Missouri,  Iowa  and  Nebraska 70  West  End  Narrow  Guage 16 

Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas 284  

Total 3,607 

POSTA.L  AND  TELEGRAPH  FACILITIES. 

There  are  within  the  state  15,208  miles  of  postal  routes,  of  which 
10,426  miles  are  by  stage  and  horseback,  575  miles  by  steamboat,  and 
4,207  miles  by  railroad,  the  whole  involving  a  cost  for  the  year  1878-9  of 
$768,904.  There  are  1,700  post  towns — but  four  states  in  the  union  have 
a  greater  number.  These  are  all  offices  of  registration,  where  letters  and 
parcels  can  be  registered  for  transmission  through  the  males  to  all 
parts  of  this  and  foreign  countries.  In  200  Of  these  post-offices,  money- 
orders  may  be  purchased,  payable  at  all  similar  offices  in  the  United 
States,  and  a  portion  of  them  issue  orders  drawn  on  Great  Britain,  France,. 
Germany,  Italy,  Switzerland,  etc. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  107 

There  are  in  the  state  562  telegraph  stations,  whence  messages  can  be 

sent  all  over  the  telegraph  world;  2,423  miles  of  line  and  6,0<>0  miles  of 

wire. 

MANUFACTURING.      ■ 

The  following  statistics  of  the  capital  employed  in  manufacturing  indus- 
tries, and  the  amount  of  production,  is  collated  from  careful  estimates 
made  in  1876,  the  latest  at  hand,  although  it  is  well  known  that  great 
increase  of  these  industries  has  been  made  since  that  date.  These  esti- 
mates showed  that  the  state  then  contained  14,245  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, using  1,965  steam  engines,  representing  58,101  horse-power, 
465  water  wheels,  equaling  7,972  horse-power,  and  employing  80,000 
hands.  The  capital  employed  in  manufacturing  was  about  $100,000,- 
000;  the  material  used  in  1876  amounted  to  about  $140,000,000;  the 
wages  paid  were  $40,000,000,  and  the  products  put  upon  the  market 
were  over  $250,000,000.  Outside  of  St.  Louis  the  leading  manufacturing 
counties  of  the  state  are  Jackson,  about  $2,000,000 ;  Buchanan,  $7,000,- 
000;  St.  Charles,  $4,500,000;  Marion,  $3,500,000;  Franklin,  $3,000,000; 
Greene,  $1,500,000;  Cape  Girardeau,  $1,500,000;  Platte,  Boone  and 
Lafayette,  upwards  of  $1,000,000  each,  followed  by  several  counties 
nearly  reaching  the  last  sum. 

The  products  of    the  different  lines  of    manufacturing  interests  are, 

approximately,  as  follows: 

Fiouring  Mills $30,000,000  Furniture  $5,000,000 

Carpentering 20.000,000  Paints  and  painting 4.500.000 

Meut  Packing 20,000.000  Carriages  and  Wagons 4.500,000 

Iron  and  Castings 15,000,000  Bricks 4,500,000 

Tobacco 14,000.000  Marble,  Stone- work  ;tnd  Masonry.  4,000,000 

Clothing 11,000,000  Bakery  Products 4,000,000 

Liquors 10,000.000  Tin.  Copper  and  Sheet  Iron 4,000,000 

Lumber 10.000.000  Sash,  Doors  and  Blinds 8.250,000 

Bags  and  Bagging 7,000.060  Cooperage 3,000,000 

Saddlery 7.000,000  Blacksmithing  3,000.000- 

Oil 0.000.000  Bridie  Building 2,500.000 

Machinery 6,000,000  Patent  Medicines  2,500.000 

Printing  and  Publishing 5,500.000  Soap  and  Candles 2,500,000 

Molasses 5,000,000  Agricultural  Implements 2,000.000 

Boots  and  Shoes 5,000,000  Plumbing  and  Gas-fitting 2,000,000 

Of  the  manufacturing  in  Missouri,  more  than  three-fourths  is  done  in 
St.  Louis,  which  produced,  in  1879,  about  $275,000,000  of  manufactured 
articles.  The  city  has,  for  some  years  past,  ranked  as  the  third  in  the 
United  States  in  the  amount  of  her  manufactures,  leaving  a  wide  gap 
between  her  and  Chicago  and  Boston,  each  of  which  cities  manufactures 
a  little  more  than  one-half  as  much  in  amount  as  St.  Louis,  and  leaves  a 
doubt  as  to  which  of  them  is  entitled  to  rank  as  the  fourth  manufactur- 
ing city. 

Flour. — In  St.  Louis  there  are  twenty-four  flouring  mills,  having  a 
daily  productive  capacity  of  11,000  barrels.  The  total  amount  of  flour 
received  and  manufactured  by  the   dealers   and  millers  of  St.   Louis,  in 


108  HISTORY   OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

1879,  was  4,154,757  barrels,  of  which  over  3,000,000  were  exported.  They 
also  made  425,963  barrels  of  corn  meal  arid  28,595  barrels  of  hominy  and 
grits.  Of  their  exports,  619,103  barrels  were  sent  to  European  nations 
and  to  South  America. 

Cotton. — There  are  in  the  city  two  mills,  which  consume  from  15,000 
to  20,000  bales  annually.  To  supply  the  manufactured  cotton  goods 
annually  sold  in  St.  Louis  will  require  mills  of  ten  times  the  capacity  of 
those  now  in  operation . 


PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


St.  Louis  is  the  commercial  metropolis  not  only  of  the  state  of  Missouri 
but  also  of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  valley  regions  of  country;  and 
the  history  of  Missouri  is  to  a  very  large  extent  the  history  of  St.  Louis. 
There  is  so  much  concerning  this  imperial  city  embodied  in  other  parts  of 
this  work  that  little  need  be  added  here. 

St.  Louis  is  situated  upon  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  at  an  altitude 
of  four  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  far  above  the  highest 
floods  that  ever  swell  the  Father  of  Waters.  Its  latitude  is  38  deg.,  37 
min.,  28  sec,  north,  and  its  longitude  90  deg.,  15  min.,  16  sec,  west.  It  is 
twenty  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  and  200  above  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Ohio.  It  is  744  miles  below  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony,  and 
1194  miles  above  New  Orleans.  Its  location  very  nearly  bisects  the 
direct  distance  of  1,400  miles  between  Superior  City  and  the  Balize.  It 
is  the  geographical  center  of  a  valley  which  embraces  1,200,000  square 
miles.  In  its  course  of  3,200  miles  the  Mississippi  borders  upon  Missouri 
470  miles.  Of  the  3,000  miles  of  the  Missouri,  500  lie  within  the  limits 
'of  our  own  state,  and  St.  Louis  is  mistress  of  more  than  16,500  miles  of 
river  navigation. 

The  Missouri  Gazette,  the  first  newspaper,  wras  establised  in  1808,  by 
Joseph  Charless,  and  subsequently  merged  in  the  present  Missouri 
Republican.  The  town  was  incorporated  in  1809,  and  a  board  of  trustees 
elected  to  conduct  the  municipal  government.  In  1812  the  territory  of 
Missouri  was  designated,  and  a  legislative  assembly  authorized.  The 
Missouri  Bank  was  incorporated  in  1814.  The  first  steamboat  arrived  at 
the  foot  of  Market  street  in  the  year  1815,  followed  soon  by  others. 
In  1819  the  first  steamer  ascended  the  Missouri,  and  the  first  through 
boat  from  New  Orleans  arrived,  having  occupied  twenty-seven  days  in 
the  trip.  In  1821  a  city  directory  was  issued.  The  facts  stated  in  this 
volume  show  that  the  town  was  then  an  important  and  thriving  one.  In 
1825  Lafayette  visited  the  city  and  received  a  grand  public  ovation.  This 
year  the  United  States  arsenal  and  Jefferson  barracks  were  established. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  109 

In  1827  there  were  hardly  a  dozen  German  families  in  St.  Louis,  where 
now  there  are  as  many  thousands  of  them.  In  1830  the  population  was 
6,654.  In  1835  the  first  railroad  convention  was  held.  [See  page  106.] 
In  1837  the  population  was  16,187,  and  184  steamboats  were  engaged  in 
the  commerce  of  the  city.  The  decade  between  1840  and  1850  saw 
increased  advancement  in  all  kinds  of  industry,  and  in  architectural 
growth.  We  find  that  in  1840  there  were  manufactured  19,075  barrels 
of  flour,  18,656  barrels  of  whisky,  and  1,075  barrels  of  beef  inspected, 
and  other  branches  of  business  had  correspondingly  increased.  In  1846, 
the  now  extensive  Mercantile  Library  was  founded.  The  close  of  the 
decade,  1849,  brought  upon  the  city  the  double  misfortune  of  fire  and 
pestilence.  On  May  19th,  the  principal  business  section  was  swept  away 
by  a  conflagration  originating  in  a  steamboat  at  the  levee;  and,  during 
the  summer  of  the  same  year,  the  population  was  scourged  by  cholera. 
In  1851,  the. first  railroad  enterprise — the  building  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
— was  inaugurated,  and  quickly  followed  by  others.  [See  page  105.] 
The  decennial  increase  of  population  has  been  as  follows: 

Year.                           Pop.  Year.  Pop.  Year.                             Pop. 

1799 925     1830 5,862  1860 160,733 

1810 1,400     1840 16,469  1870 310,864 

1820 4,928     1850 74,439  1880 350,522 

During  1880  St.  Louis  received  1,703,874  barrels  of  flour;  manufactured 
2,077,625  barrels;  and  shipped  3,292,803  barrels.  Of  this  amount  975,970 
barrels  were  shipped  in  sacks  to  England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  Wales,  Hol- 
land, France,  Belgium,  Germany,  Brazil,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  During  the 
same  year  St.  Louis  shipped  11,313,879  bushels  of  wheat;  and  of  this 
amount  5,913,272  bushels  went  to  foreign  countries  via  New  Orleans, 
while  the  rest  went  eastward  by  rail.  The  receipts  of  corn  were  22,298,- 
077  bushels;  shipments,  17,571,322  bushels,  of  which  9,804,392  went  by 
barges  to  New  Orleans  for  foreign  ports,  3,157,684  to  the  south  for  con- 
sumption, and  4  591,944  eastward  by  rail  or  Ohio  river.  The  receipts  of 
cotton  were  496,570  bales,  and  shipments  478,219  bales. 

During  the  packing  season  of  1879-80,  there  were  927,793  hogs  packed. 
The  shipments  of  coffee  reached  $5,000,000,  and  that  of  sugar  $8,500,000. 

The  above  principal  items  are  gleaned  from  the  commercial  pantheon 
of  statistics  published  in  January,  1881,  by  the  Merchants'  Exchange  of 
St.  Louis. 

Kansas  City. — In  1724  the  Kansas  tribe  of  Indians  had  their  chief  town 
a  few  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kansas  river,  and  M.  DeBourgmont, 
the  French  commandant  of  this  region,  held  a  grand  peace  council  with 
different  tribes  gathered  at  this  place  for  the  purpose,  on  July  3d  of  that 
year.  This  is  the  earliest  historic  record  of  white  men  in  the  vicinity  of 
where  Kansas  City  now  stands.     In  1808  the  U.  S.  government  established 


110  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF    MISSOURI. 

a  fort  and  Indian  agency  here,  calling  it  Fort  Osage,  which  was  not 
abandoned  until  1825,  when  the  Indian  title  to  a  certain  strip  of  country 
here  was  extinguished.  In  1821  Francis  G.  Chouteau  established  a  trad- 
ing post  on  the  Missouri  river  about  three  miles  below  the  site  of  Kansas 
City,  but  a  flood  in  the  spring  of  1826  swept  away  everything  he  had,  and 
he  then  settled  six  miles  up  the  Kansas  river. 

The  original  town  plat  of  Kansas  City  consisted  of  40  acres,  and  was 
laid  out  in  1839.  In  1846  some  additional  ground  was  laid  off,  and  a 
public  sale  of  lots  netted  $7,000,  averaging  $200  per  lot. 

The  first  charter  was  procured  in  the  winter  of  1852-3,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1853  was  organized  the  first  municipal  government.  The  first 
established  newspaper  made  its  appearance  in  1854,  with  the  title  of  the 
■"  Kansas  City  Enterprise,"  now  known  as  the  "  Kansas  City  Journal." 
During  the  years  1855-6-7,  the  border  troubles  very  visibly  affected  the 
prosperity  of  the  city,  so  that  business  in  those  years  did  not  exceed,  all 
told,  the  sum  of  $2,000,000;  but  at  the  close  of  the  struggle,  in  1857,  busi- 
ness began  to  revive,  and  it  was  then  stated,  in  the  St.  Louis  "Intelligen- 
cer," that  she  had  the  largest  trade  of  any  city  of  her  size  in  the  world. 
This  may  be  distinguished  as  the  great  steamboat  era.  It  was  estimated 
that,  in  the  year  1857,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  boats  discharged  at  the 
Kansas  City  levee  over  tvventv-five  million  pounds  of  merchandise.  In 
May  of  this  year,  also,  the  steamboats  were  employed  to  carry  the  United 
States  mail,  and  in  1858  the  first  telegraph  pole  in  Jackson  county  was 
erected. 

The  first  bank  established  in  Kansas  City  was  a  branch  of  the  Mechan- 
ics' Bank,  of  St.  Louis,  organized  May  1,  1859,  and  the  second  was  a 
branch  of  the  Union  Bank,  organized  in  July  of  the  same  year.  The  first 
jobbing  dry  goods  house  opened  in  July,  1S57.  The  first  city  loan  for 
local  improvement  was  made  in  1855,  amounting  to  $10,000,  all  taken  at 
home,  and  expended  in  improving  and  widening  the  levee;  and,  in  1858, 
another  loan  of  $100,000  for  street  improvements.  Only  in  the  matter  of 
railroads  was  Kansas  City  seriously  affected  by  the  panic  of  1857;  gov- 
ernment moneys,  immigration  over  the  border,  and  the  New  Mexican 
trade  tiding  her  safely  over  the  sea  of  financial  excitement  and  prostra- 
tion. She  had  also  become,  even  as  early  as  the  year  1854,  a  noted  mart 
for  the  purchase  and  sale  of  live  stock,  the  immense  freighting  across  the 
plains  inviting  trade  in  this  direction,  and  in  the  annual  reviews  of  the 
papers  it  is  said  that,  in  1857,  the  receipts  for  that  year,  in  mules  and  cattle, 
were  estimated  at  $200,000,  and  also  that,  in  1858,  about  20,000  head  of 
stock  cattle  were  driven  here  from  Texas  and  the  Indian  territory.  In 
1857  over  six' hundred  freighting  wagons  left  Kansas  City  with  loads  for 
Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico. 

The  principal   railroads  centering  at  Kansas  City  are,  the  Hannibal  & 


HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  Ill 

St.  Joseph  railroad,  the  Kansas  Pacific  railroad,  Uie  Kansas  City,  Law- 
rence &  Southern  railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  railroad, 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad,  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  railroad,  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  railroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific 
railway,  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  railway,  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis 
&  Pacific  railway,  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Sante  Fe  railroad,  the  Kansas 
City  &  Eastern  railroad,  (narrow  gauge).  The  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  Fe  railroad  has  extended  its  road  to  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico, 
and  to  Guyamas,  on  the  Pacific  coast ;  to  San  Francisco,  California,  and 
is  building  to  the  City  of  Mexico. 

The  elevator  storage  capacity  in  the  city  January  1,  1881,  was  1,500,- 
000  bushels.  In  1879  about  1,600  new  buildings  were  erected,  costing 
$1,500,000.  The  U.  S.  postoffice  and  custom  house  building  cost  $200,- 
000.  The  union  depot  building  cost  $300,000.  The  Kansas  City  stock 
yards  rank  as  second  only  to  those  of  Chicago  in  the  extent  and  com- 
pleteness of  their  facilities  for  the  cattle  trade. 

The  population  of  Kansas  City,  by  U.  S.  census  in  June,  1880,  was 
62,977  Taxable  wealth,  $13,378,950.  Cost  of  new  buildings  erected 
during  the  year  1880,  $2,200,000* 

St.  Joseph.  In  1803  Joseph  Robidon,  a  French  fur  trader,  located 
here,  and  continued  to  occupy  his  place  and  trade  with  the  Indians  for  33 
years.  Up  to  1843  the  place  contained  only  two  log  cabins,  and  a  small 
flouring  mill  on  Black  Snake  creek.  In  June,  1843,  Mr.  Robidoux 
received  his  title  from  the  government  to  160  acres  of  land,  and  laid  out 
the  city,  which  was  called  St.  Joseph  in  his  honor,  and  not,  as  is  commonly 
supposed,  in  honor  of  the  Saint  Joseph  of  the  church  calendar.  January 
1,  1846,  the  town  had  600  inhabitants,  having  been  incorporated  as  a  vil- 
lage February  26,  1845,  with  Joseph  Robidoux  as  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees.  The  first  city  charter  was  obtained  February  22, 1851,  but  it 
has  been  many  times  amended.  The  population  was :  In  1850, 3,460 ;  in  I860, 
8,932;  in  1870,  19,625;  in  1880,  32,461. 

St.  Joseph  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Missouri,  545  miles  from 
its  mouth,  2,000  miles  from  the  great  falls,  nearly  1,300  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Yellowstone,  310  miles  from  St.  Louis  by  railroad,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  three  different  lines,  and  565  miles  from  St.  Louis 
by  river;  but  it  is  only  180  miles  on  an  air  line  from  the  Mississippi  river. 
The  latitude  of  St.  Joseph  is  39  degrees  47  minutes  north,  and  the  same 
parallel  passes  through  Indianapolis,  and  within  less  than  four  miles  of 
Denver,  Colorado,  Springfield,  Illinois,  and  the  famous  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line,  separating  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  reaching  the  Atlantic  coast 
half  way  from  Cape  May  to  New  York  City,  and  the  Pacific,  two  degrees 

♦These  statistics  are  gathered  mostly  from  the  able  annual  reports  of  W.  H.  Miller,  Esq., 
who  has  been  secretary  of  the  Kansas  City  Board  of  Trade  continuously  since  1873. 


112  HISTORY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 

north  of  San  Francisco,  near  Cape  Mendicino.  A  straight  line  drawn  on 
the  map  from  Augusta,  the  capital  of  Maine,  to  San  Diego  in  California, 
passes  through  Detroit,  Chicago,  and  St.  Joseph,  and  this  last  city  is  just 
half  way  from  end  to  end  of  this  line 

St.  Joseph  has  an  altitude  of  about  1,030  feet  above  the  sea,  which  is 
200  feet  higher  than  St.  Paul,  400  feet  higher  than  Chicago,  and  nearly 
600  feet  higher  than  St.  Louis.  The  city  is  romantically  and  beautifully 
situated,  the  business  portion  lying  in  a  huge  basin  on  a  great  bend  in  the 
Missouri  river,  while  the  residence  part  of  the  city  clambers  up  the 
mound-shaped  hills,  which  rise  on  all  sides  like  a  vast  amphitheater. 

The  wholesale  and  retail  trade  is  figured  above  $40,000,000  annually, 
while  it  is  said  that  there  are  no  fewer  than  eight  commercial  houses  which 
have  a  cash  capital  of  $1,000,000  each.  It  is  stated  on  reliable  authority, 
that  there  is  handled  at  this  point  15,000,000  bushels  of  corn,  5,000,000  of 
wheat,  250,000  rye,  and  500,000  barley,  per  annum.  The  stock  yards  cover 
seven  acres,  and  belong  to  a  stock  company.  There  are  received  at  the 
yards  120,000  to  150,000  hogs  per  annum,  and  10,000  to  12,000  cattle. 
The  figures  do  not  include  direct  shipments  to  several  large  packing 
houses,  which  will  increase  the  number  of  hogs  to  300,000.  There  are 
four  packing  houses  in  the  city— one  having  a  capacity  of  15,000  hogs 
per  day. 

The  railroad  lines  which  connect  St.  Joseph  with  the  rest  of  the  busi- 
ness world  are  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  the  pioneer  road  of  the  state, 
extending  east  across  the  entire  state  to  Hannibal  and  Quincy  on  the  Miss- 
issippi river;  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific,  forming  a  direct  line  to  St. 
Louis;  the  St.  Joseph  &  Western, extending  across  the  great  iron  bridge, 
through  Kansas  and  Nebraska,  to  a  junction  at  Grand  Island  with  the 
Union  Pacific,  of  which  it  is  really  a  part;  the  Missouri  Pacific,  another 
connecting  line  with  St.  Louis;  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs,  extending  south  to  Kansas  City  and  north  to  Omaha,  with  its 
Nodaway  Valley  branch,  extending  through  the  Nodaway  valley,  and  its 
Chicago  branch,  making  connection  with  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy;  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe;  the  St.  Joseph  &  Des 
Moines,  now  owned  and  operated  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy; 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  and  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 
AND  ITS  AMENDMENTS. 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more -perfect  union, 
establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common 
defense,  promote  the  general  zirlfarc,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty 
to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitu- 
tion for  the  United  States  of  America. 

ARTICLE    I. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a 
congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  senate  and  house 
of  representatives. 

Sec  2.  The  house  of  representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members 
chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states,  and  the 
electors  in  each  state  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of 
the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  state  legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  in 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  sev- 
eral states  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole 
number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after  the  first 
meeting  of  the  congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent 
term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The  num- 
ber of  representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but 
each  state  shall  have  at  least  one  representative;  and  until  such  enumer- 
ation shall  be  made  the  state  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose 
three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  one, 
Connecticut  five,  New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylvania  eight, 
Delaware  one,  Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten,  North  Carolina  five,  and 
Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  the  exec- 
utive authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  house  of  representatives  shall  choose  their  speaker  and  other 
officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3.  The  senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two 
senators  from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  legislature  thereof  for  six  years; 
and  each  senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first 
election,  they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes. 
The  seats  of  the  senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expira- 
tion of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth 
year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one- 
third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies  happen  by  resig- 
nation or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  legislature  of  any  state,  the 
executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next 
meeting  of  the  legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of 
thirty  years,  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who 


114  CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  for  which  he  shall 
be  chosen. 

The  vice-president  of  the  United  States  shall  be  president  of  the  senate, 
but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  president  -pro 
tempore,  in  the  absence  of  the  vice-president,  or  when  he  shall  exercise 
the  office  of  president  of  the  United  States. 

The  senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When 
sitting  for  that  purpose  thev  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the 
president  of  the  United  States  is  tried,  the  chief-justice  shall  preside. 
And  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend  further  than  to 
removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of 
honor,  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party  convicted 
shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and 
punishment  according  to  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  senators 
and  representatives,  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  state  by  the  legislature 
thereof;  but  the  congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter  such 
regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  senators. 

The  congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such  meet- 
ing shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law 
appoint  a  different  day. 

Sec.  5.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  election,  returns,  and 
qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  to  do  business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members 
in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  it's  proceedings,  punish  its  mem- 
bers for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds, 
expel  a  member. 

Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to 
time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may,  in  their  judgment, 
require  secrecy;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house  on 
any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present^  be  entered 
on  the  journal. 

■Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  congress,  shall,  without  the  consent 
of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place 
than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6.  The  senators  and  representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation 
for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  and 
breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at 
the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from 
the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house,  they  shall  not  be 
questioned  in  any  other  place. 

No  senator  or  representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was 
elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall 
have  been  increased  during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any  office 
under  the  United  States  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 


CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  115 

Sec.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  house  of 
representatives;  but  the  senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments 
as  on  other  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  house  of  representatives  and 
the  senate  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  president  of 
the  United  States:  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it;  but  if  not  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have  origi- 
nated, who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and  pro- 
ceed to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  that 
house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objec- 
tions, to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and 
if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all 
such  cas  e  s  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays, 
and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bilf  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned 
by  the  president  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted),  after  it  shall  have 
been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  the  congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevents  its 
return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  senate 
and  house  of  representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of 
adjournment),  shall  be  presented  to  the  president  of  the  United  States, 
and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being 
disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  re-passed  by  two-thirds  of  the  senate  and 
house  of  representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed 
in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Sec.  S.     The  congress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts, 
and  provide  for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
States;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout 
the  United  States; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several 
states,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes; 

To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on  the 
subject  of  bankruptcies* throughout  the  United  States; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix 
the  standard  of  weights  and  measures; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  cur- 
rent coin  of  the  United  States; 

To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads; 

To  promote  the  progress  of  sciences  and  useful  arts,  by  securing,  for 
limited  times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respec- 
tive writings  and  discoveries; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  supreme  court; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas; 
and  offenses  against  the  law  of  nations: 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal  and  make  rules 
concerning  captures  on  land  and  water; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  monev  to  that  use 
shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy: 

To  make  rules  for  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  forces ; 


116  CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for 
governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  states  respectively  the  appointment  of  the 
officers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline 
prescribed  by  congress; 

To  exercise  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not 
exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may  by  cession  of  particular  states,  and 
the  acceptance  of  congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by 
the  consent  of  the  legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for 
the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock  yards,  and  other  needful 
buildings;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying 
into  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this 
constitution  in  the  government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  department 
or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the 
states  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by 
the  congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but 
a  tax  of  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten 
dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  -post facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to 
the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  state. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  rev- 
enue to  the  ports  of  one  state  over  those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels 
bound  to  or  from  one  state  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in 
another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in  consequence  of 
appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States ;  and  no  per- 
son holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title 
of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince  or  foreign  state. 

Sec.  10.  No  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation; 
grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal;  coin  money;  emit  bills  of  credit; 
make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts; 
pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obliga- 
tion of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  congress,  lay  any  imposts  or 
duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary 
for  executing  its  inspection  laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and 
imposts  laid  by  any  state  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the 
revision  and  control  of  the  congress. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  congress,  lay  any  duty  on  tonnage, 


CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED   STATES.  117 

keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement 
or  compact  with  another  state,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in 
war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit 
of  delay. 

ARTICLE     II. 

Section  1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  president  of  the 
United  States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of 
four  years,  and,  together  with  the  vice-president  chosen  for  the  same  term, 
be  elected  as  follows  : 

Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  legislature  thereof  may 
direct,  a  number  of  electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  senators  and 
representatives  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  in  the  congress;  but  no 
senator  or  representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit 
under  the  United  States  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

[*The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states  and  vote  by  ballot 
for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the 
same  state  with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons 
voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each;  which  list  they  shall  sign 
and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United 
States,  directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate.  The  president  of  the  sen- 
ate shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  open 
all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  hav- 
ing the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  president,  if  such  number  be 
a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed:  and  if  there  be 
more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and  have  an  equal  number  of 
votes,  then  the  house  of  representatives  shall  immediately  choose  by  bal- 
lot, one  of  them  for  president;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority, then  from 
the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  house  shall  in  like  manner  choose  the 
president.  But,  in  choosing  the  president,  the  vote  shall  be  taken  by  states, 
the  representation  from  each  state  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this 
purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member,  or  members,  from  two-thirds  of  the 
states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In 
every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  president,  the  person  having  the  great- 
est number  of  votes  of  the  electors  shall  be  the  vice-president.  But  if 
there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the  senate  shall 
choose  from  them,  by  ballot,  the  vice-president.] 

The  congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors,  and  the 
day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural-born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to 
the  office  of  president;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office 
who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been  fourteen 
years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  president  from  office,  or  of  his  death,  res- 
ignation, or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office, 
the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  vice-president,  and  the  congress  may  by  law 
provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of 
the  president  and  vice-president,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as 

*This  clause  between  brackets  has  been  superseded  and  annulled  by  the  twelfth   amend- 
ment. 


US  CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

/ 

president,  and  such  officer  shall   act  accordingly,  until   the  disability  rx 
removed,  or  a  president  shall  be  elected. 

The  president  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compen- 
sation, which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period 
for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  during  that 
period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enters  upon  the  execution  of  his  office  he  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath,  or  affirmation: 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office 
of  president  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  pre- 
serve, protect,  and  defend  the  constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.  The  president  shall  be  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  states,  when 
called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require  the 
opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive  depart- ' 
ments,  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices, 
and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  offenses  against 
the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  bv  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate, 
to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  senators  present  concur;  and 
he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  senate,  shall  appoint 
embassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the  supreme 
court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States  whose  appointments  are 
not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  bv  law; 
but  the  congress  may,  by  law,  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers 
as  they  think  proper  in  the  president  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the 
heads  of  departments. 

The  president  shall  have  power  to  rill  up  all  vacancies  that  may  happen 
during  the  recess  of  the  senate,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall 
expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Sec  3.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  ffive  to  the  congress  information 
of  the  state  of  the  union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such 
measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on  extraor- 
dinary occasions,  convene  both  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of 
disagreement  between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper;  he  shall  receive 
embassadors  and  other  public  ministers;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers  of  the  United  States. 
^  Sec.  4.  The  president,  vice-president  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of, 
treason,  briber}-,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE  III. 

Section  1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in 
one  supreme  court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  congress  may  from 
time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  judges,  both  of  the  supreme  and 
inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  office  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at 
stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and  equity, 
arising  under  this  constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties 
made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority;  to  all  cases  affecting 


CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  119 

embassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls:  to  all  cases  of  admiralty 
and  maritime  jurisdiction:  to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall 
be  a  party;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more  states:  between  a  state 
and  citizens  of  another  state;  between  citizens  of  different  states;  between 
citizens  of  the  same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  states; 
and  between  a  state  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  states,  citizens  or 
subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  embassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls, 
and  those  in  which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  supreme  court  shall  have 
original  jurisdiction. 

In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  supreme  court  shall  have 
appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions  and 
under  such  regulations  as  the  congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  bv  jurv ; 
and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  state  where  the  said  crimes  shall  "have 
been  committed;  but  when  not  committed  within  any  state,  the  trial  shall 
be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  congress  may  bv  law  have  directed. 

Sec.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying 
war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to- their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and 
comfort.  Xo  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony 
of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

The  congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason, 
but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture, 
except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE    IV. 

Section  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  state  to  the 
public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  everv  other  state.  And 
the  congress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such 
acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec  2.  The  citizens  of  each  state  shall  be  entitled  to  ail  privileges  and 
immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  states. 

A  person  charged  in  any  state  with  treason,  felonv,  or  other  crime,  who 
shall  flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  state,  shall,  on  demand  of 
the  executive  authority  of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to 
be  removed  to  the  state  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  state,  under  the  laws  thereof, 
escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  anv  law  or  regulation 
therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered 
up  on  claim  of  the  part}-  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  mav  be  due. 

Sec  3.  New  states  may  be  admitted  by  congress  into  this  Union:  but 
no  new  state  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  anv 
other  state;  nor  any  state  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more 
states,  or  parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  the  legislatures  of  the 
states  concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  congress. 

The  congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  rules 
and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to 
the  United  States:  and  nothing  in  this  constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as 
to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States  or  of  anv  particular  state. 

Sec  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  everv  state  in  this  union 
a  republican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against 
invasion,  and  on  application  of  the  legislature,  or  of  the  executive  ^when 
the  legislature  can  not  be  convened »,  against  domestic  violence. 


120 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE    UNITED   STATES. 


ARTICLE   V. 

The  congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it  neces- 
sary, shall  propose  amendments  to  this  constitution,  or,  on  the  application 
of  the  legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  states  shall  call  a  conven- 
tion for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case  shall  be  valid  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  as  part  of  this  constitution,  when  ratified  by  the  leg- 
islatures of  three-fourths  of  the  several  states,  or  by  conventions  in  three- 
fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  pro- 
posed by  the  congress.  Provided,  that  no  amendment  which  may  be 
made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any 
manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth  section  of  the  first 
article;  and  that  no  state,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal 
suffrage  in  the  senate. 

ARTICLE    VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adoption 
of  this  constitution  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  this 
constitution  as  under  the  confederation. 

This  constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be 
made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the.  supreme  law  of  the 
land;  and  the  judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in 
the  constitution  or  laws  of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  senators  and  representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  members  of 
the  several  state  legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial  officers,  both 
of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  states,  shall  be  bound  by  oath  or 
affirmation  to  support  this  constitution ;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be 
required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under  the  United 
States. 

ARTICLE   VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  states  shall  be  sufficient  for 
the  establishment  of  this  constitution  between  the  states  so  ratifying  the 
same. 

Done  in  convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  states  present,  the  seventeenth  day  of 
September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and 
of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America,  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof  we 
have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 


President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 


New  Hampshire. 
John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel  Gorham, 
Rufus  King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm.  Samuel  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman. 

New  York. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

New  Jersey. 
Wil.  Livingston, 
Wm.  Patterson, 
David  Brearley, 
Jona.  Dayton. 


Delaware. 
George  Reed, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jacob  Broom, 
Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 
Richard  Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James  M'Henry, 
Danl.  Carroll, 
Dan.  of  St.  Thos.  Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  Jr. 

North  Carolina. 
Wm.  Blount. 
Hu.  Williamson, 
Richard  Dobbs  Spaight. 


Pennsylvania. 
B.  Franklin, 
Robt.  Morris, 
Thos.  Fitzsimons, 
James  Wilson, 
Thos.  Mifflin, 
Geohge  Clymer, 

JaRED  InGERSOLL, 

Gouv.  Morris. 

South  Carolina. 
J.  Rutledge, 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Chas.  Cotesworth  Pinckney 
Pierce  Butler. 

Georgia. 
Wm.  Few, 
Abr.  Baldwin. 


WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


amendments  to  the  constitution.  121 

Articles  in  Addition  to   and  Amendatory  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  of  America. 

Proposed  by    Congress  and  Ratified  5v  the  Legislatures  of  the  several 
States  pursuant  to  the  fifth  article  of  the  original  Constitution. 

ARTICLE    I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or 
prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech, 
or  of  the  press ;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to 
petition  the  government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE    II. 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  state, 
the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

ARTICLE    III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without 
the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers, 
and  effects  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  vio- 
lated, and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by 
oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

ARTICLE    V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous 
crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in 
cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual 
service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject 
for  the  same  offense,  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb;  nor  shall 
be  compelled,  in  any  criminal  case,  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be 
deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor 
shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy 
and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jurv  of  the  state  and  district  wherein  the 
crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previously 
ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the 
accusation;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him;  to  have  com- 
pulsory process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor;  and  to  have  the  assist- 
ance of  counsel  for  his  defense. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  lawr,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed 
twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact 
tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United 
States  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 


122  AMENDMENTS    TO    THE    CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor 
cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

ARTICLE    IX. 

The  enumeration,  in  the  constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be  con- 
strued to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  constitution,  nor 
prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  are  reserved  to  the  states  respectively,  or  to 
the  people. 

ARTICLE    XL 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend 
to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the 
United  States  by  citizens  of  another  state,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any 
foreign  state. 

ARTICLE   XII. 

Sec  1.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states  and  vote  by  ballot 
for  president  and  vice-president,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhab- 
itant of  the  same  state  with  themselves;  they  shall  name  in  their  ballots 
the  person  to  be  voted  for  as  president,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person 
voted  for  as  vice-president,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons 
voted  for  as  president,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  vice-president,  and 
of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and 
transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States, 
directed  to  the  president  of  the  senate.  The  president  of  the  senate  shall, 
in  presence  of  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  open  all  the  certifi- 
cates, and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having  the  great- 
est number  of  votes  for  president  shall  be  the  president,  if  such  number 
be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed;  and  if  no  person 
have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers  not 
exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  president,  the  house  of 
representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the  president.  But  in 
choosing  the  president,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by  states,  the  representa- 
tives from  each  state  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  con- 
sist of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority 
of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives shall  not  choose  a  president  whenever  the  right  of  choice 
shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following, 
then  the  vice-president  shall  act  as  president,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or 
other  constitutional  disability  of  the  president.  The  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  as  vice-president  shall  be  the  vice-president,  if 
such  number  be  the  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed 
and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on 
the  list  the  senate  shall  choose  the  vice-president;  a  quorum  for  that  pur- 
pose shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  senators,  and  a 
majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no 
person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  president  shall  be  eligible 
to  that  of  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 


AMENDMENTS    TO    THE    CONSTITUTION.  123 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  pun- 
ishment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 
shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  juris- 
diction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropri- 
ate legislation. 

article  xiv. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  of 
the  state  wherein  they  reside.  No  state  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law 
which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States;  nor  shall  any  state  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction 
the  equal  protection  of  the  law. 

Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  states 
according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  per- 
sons in  each  state,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed;  but  when  the  right  to  vote 
at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for  president  and  vice-president 
of  the  United  States,  representatives  in  congress,  the  executive  and  judi- 
cial officers  of  a  state,  or  the  members  of  the  legislature  thereof,  is  denied 
to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  state,  being  twenty-one  years  of 
age  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way  abridged  except  for 
participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation  therein 
shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens 
shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens  twenty -one  years  of  age 
in  such  state. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  senator  or  representative  in  congress,  or 
elector  of  president  and  vice-president,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military, 
under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  state,  who,  having  previously  taken 
an  oath  as  a  member  of  congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or 
as  a  member  of  any  state  legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judicial  officer 
of  any  state  to  support  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have 
engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or 
comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  author- 
ized by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  boun- 
ties for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be 
questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  state  shall  assume  or 
pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  the  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or  emancipation  of 
any  slave;  but  all  such  debts,  obligations  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal 
and  void. 

Sec.  5.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate 
legislation,  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

ARTICLE    XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall 
not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  state,  on 
account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Sec.  2.  The  congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation." 


Constitution  of  the  State  of  Missouri, 

ADOPTED  BY  A  VOTE  OF  THE  PEOPLE,  OCTOBER  30,  1875.    WENT  INTO  OPERATION 

NOVEMBER  30,  1875. 


PREAMBLE. 

We,  the  people  of  Missouri,  with  profound  reverence  for  the  Supreme 
Ruler  of  the  Universe,  and  grateful  for  his  goodness,  do,  for  the  better 
government  of  the  state,  establish  this  constitution. 

ARTICLE  I. — BOUNDARIES. 

Section  1.  The  boundaries  of  the  state  as  heretofore  established  by 
law,  are  hereby  ratified  and  confirmed.  The  state  shall,  have  concurrent 
jurisdiction  on  the  river  Mississippi,  and  every  other  river  bordering  on  the 
state,  so  far  as  the  said  rivers  shall  form  a  common  boundary  to  this  state 
and  any  other  state  or  states;  and  the  river  Mississippi  and  the  navigable 
rivers  and  waters  leading  to  the  same,  shall  be  common  highways,  and 
forever  free  to  the  citizens  of  this  state  and  of  the  United  States,  without 
any  tax,  duty,  import  or  toll  therefor,  imposed  by  this  state. 

ARTICLE    II. — BIIA,  OF  RIGHTS. 

In  order  to  assert  our  rights,  acknowledge  our  duties,  and  proclaim  the 
principles  on  which  our  government  is  founded,  we  declare: 

Section  1.  That  all  political  power  is  vested  in,  and  derived  from  the 
people;  that  all  government  of  right  originates  from  the  people,  is  founded 
upon  their  will  onlv,  and  is  instituted  solely  for  the  good  of  the  whole. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  people  of  this  state  have  the  inherent,  sole  and  exclu- 
sive right  to  regulate  the  internal  government  and  police  thereof,  and  to 
alter  and  abolish  their  constitution  and  form  of  government  whenever 
they  may  deem  it  necessary  to  their  safety  and  happiness:  Provided, 
Such  change  be  not  repugnant  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  3.  That  Missouri  is  a  free  and  independent  state,  subject  only  to 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States;  and  as  the  preservation  of  the 
states  and  the  maintenance  of  their  governments,  are  necessary  to  an 
indestructible  Union,  and  were  intended  to  co-exist  with  it,  the  legislature 
is  not  authorized  to  adopt,  nor  will  the  people  of  this  state  ever  assent  to 
any  amendment  or  change  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  which 
may  in  any  wise  impair  the  right  of  local  self-government  belonging  to 
the  people  of  this  state. 

Sec.  4.  That  all  constitutional  government  is  intended  to  promote  the 
general  welfare  of  the  people ;  that  all  persons  have  a  natural  right  to  life, 
liberty  and  the  enjoyment  of  the  gains  of  their  own  industry;  that  to  give 
security  to  these  things  is  the  principal  office  of  government,  and  that 
when  government  does  not  confer  this  security,  it  fails  of  its  chief  design. 

Sec.  5.  That  all  men  have  a  natural  and  indefeasible  right  to  worship 
Almighty  God  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  own  conscience;  that  no 

(124) 


CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI.  125 

person  can,  on  account  of  his  religious  opinions,  be  rendered  ineligible  to 
any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  this  state,  nor  be  disqualified  from  testi- 
fying, or  from  serving  as  a  juror;  that  no  human  authority  can  control  or 
interfere  with  the  rights  of  conscience;  that  no  person  ought,  by  any  law, 
to  be  molested  in  his  person  or  estate,  on  account  of  his  religious  persua- 
sion or  profession ;  but  the  liberty  of  conscience  hereby  secured,  shall  not 
be  so  construed  as  to  excuse  acts  of  licentiousness,  nor  to  justify  practices 
inconsistent  with  the  good  order,  peace  or  safety  of  this  state,  or  with  the 
rights  of  others. 

Sec.  6.  That  no  person  can  be  compelled  to  erect,  support  or  attend 
any  place  or  system  of  worship,  or  to  maintain  or  support  any  priest,  min- 
ister, preacher  or  teacher  of  any  sect,  church,  creed  or  denomination  of  re- 
ligion; but  if  any  person  shall  voluntarily  make  a  contract  for  any  such 
object,  he  shall  be  held  to  the  performance  of  the  same. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  money  shall  ever  be  taken  from  the  public  treasury, 
directly  or  indirectly,  in  aid  of  any  church,  sect  or  denomination  of  religion, 
or  in  aid  of  any  priest,  preacher,  minister  or  teacher  thereof,  as  such;  and 
that  no  preference  shall  be  given  to,  nor  any  discrimination  made  against 
any  church,  sect  or  creed  of  religion,  or  any  form  of  religious  faith  or  wor- 
ship. 

Sec.  S.  That  no  religious  corporation  can  be  established  in  this  state,, 
except  such  as  may  be  created  under  a  general  law  for  the  purpose  only 
of  holding  the  title  to  such  real  estate  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law  for 
church  edifices,  parsonages  and  cemeteries. 

Sec  9.  That  all  elections  shall  be  free  and  open ;  and  no  power,  civil 
or  military,  shall  at  any  time  interfere  to  prevent  the  free  exercise  of  the 
right  of  suffrage. 

Sec  10.  The  courts  of  justice  shall  be  open  to  every  person,  and  cer- 
tain remedy  afforded  for  every  injury  to  person,  property  or  character, 
and  that  right  and  justice  should  be  administered  without  sale,  denial  or 
delay. 

Sec  11.  That  the  people  shall  be  secure  in  their  persons,  papers,, 
homes  and  effects,  from  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures;  and  no  war- 
rant to  search  any  place,  or  seize  any  person  or  thing,  shall  issue  without 
describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  or  the  person  or  thing  to  be  seized,  as 
nearly  as  may  be;  nor  without  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affir- 
mation reduced  to  writing. 

Sec  12.  That  no  person  shall,  for  felony,  be  proceeded  against  crimi- 
nally otherwise  than  by  indictment,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or 
naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual  service  in  time  of  war  or  pub- 
lic danger;  in  all  other  cases,  offenses  shall  be  prosecuted  criminally  by  in- 
dictment or  information  as  concurrent  remedies. 

Sec  13.  That  treason  against  the  state  can  consist  only  in  levying 
war  against  it,  or  in  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort; 
that  no  person  can  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two 
witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  his  confession  in  open  court;  that 
no  person  can  be  attainted  of  treason  or  felony  by  the  general  assembly; 
that  no  conviction  can  work  corruption  of  blood  or  forfeiture  of  estate; 
that  the  estates  of  such  persons  as  may  destroy  their  own  lives  shall 
descend  or  vest  as  in  cases  of  natural  death:  and  when  any  person  shall 
be  killed  by  casualty,  there  shall  be  no  forfeiture  by  reason  thereof. 

Sec  14.     That  no  law  shall  be  passed  impairing  the  freedom  of  speech; 


126  CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI. 

that  every  person  shall  be  free  to  say,  write  or  publish  whatever  he  will 
on  any  subject,  being  responsible  for  all  abuse  of  that  liberty;  and  that  in 
all  suits  and  prosecutions  for  libel,  the  truth  thereof  may  be  given  in  evi- 
dence, and  the  jury,  under  the  direction  of  the  court,  shall  determine  the 
law  and  the  fact. 

Sec.  15.  That  no  ex  -post  facto  law,  nor  law  impairing  the  obligation 
of  contracts,  or  retrospective  in  its  operation,  or  making  any  irrevocable 
grant  of  special  privileges  or  immunities,  can  be  passed  by  the  general 
assembly. 

Sec.  16.  That  imprisonment  for  debt  shall  not  be  allowed,  except  for 
the  nonpayment  of  fines  and  penalties  imposed  for  violation  of  law. 

Sec.  17.  That  the  right  of  no  citizen  to  keep  and  bear  arms  in  defense 
of  his  home,  person  and  property,  or  in  aid  of  the  civil  power,  when  thereto 
legally  summoned,  shall  be  called  in  question;  but  nothing  herein  con- 
tained is  intended  to  justify  the  practice  of  wearing  concealed  weapons. 

Sec.  18.  That  no  person  elected  or  appointed  to  any  office  or  employ- 
ment of  trust  or  profit  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  or  any  ordinance  of 
any  municipality  in  this  state,  shall  hold  such  office  without  personally 
devoting  his  time  to  the  performance  of  the  duties  to  the  same  belonging. 

Sec.  19.  That  no  person  who  is  now,  or  may  hereafter  become  a  col- 
lector or  receiver  of  public  money,  or  assistant  or  deputy  of  such  collector 
or  receiver,  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  in  the  state  ®f 
Missouri  under  the  laws  thereof,  or  of  any  municipality  therein,  until  he 
shall  have  accounted  for  and  paid  over  all  the  public  money  for  which  he 
may  be  accountable. 

Sec.  20.  That  no  private  property  can  be  taken  for  private  use  with  or 
without  compensation,  unless  by  the  consent  of  the  owner,  except  for  pri- 
vate ways  of  necessity,  and  except  for  drains  and  ditches  across  the  lands 
of  others  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  in  such  manner  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  law ;  and  that  whenever  an  attempt  is  made  to  take  private 
property  for  a  use  alleged  to  be  public,  the  question  whether  the  contem- 
plated use  be  really  public  shall  be  a  judicial  question,  and  as  such,  judi- 
cially determined,  without  regard  to  any  legislative  assertion  that  the  use 
is  public. 

Sec.  21.  That  private  property  shall  not  be  taken  or  damaged  for  pub- 
lic use  without  just  compensation.  Such  compensation  shall  be  ascer- 
tained by  a  jury  or  board  of  commissioners  of  not  less  than  three  free- 
holders, in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law ;  and  until  the  same 
shall  be  paid  to  the  owner,  or  into  court  for  the  owner,  the  property  shall 
not  be  disturbed,  or  the  proprietary  rights  of  the  owner  therein  divested. 
The  fee  of  land  taken  for  railroad  tracts  without  consent  of  the  owner 
thereof,  shall  remain  in  such  owner,  subject  to  the  use  for  which  it  is 
taken. 

Sec.  22.  In  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  have  the  right  to 
appear  and  defend,  in  person,  and  by  counsel;  to  demand  the  nature  and 
cause  of  the  accusation ;  to  meet  the  witnesses  against  him  face  to  face ;  to 
have  process  to  compel  the  attendance  of  witnesses  in  his  behalf,  and  a 
speedy,  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  county. 

Sec.  23.  That  no  person  shall  be  compelled  to  testify  against  himself 
in  a  criminal  cause,  nor  shall  any  person,  after  being  once  acquitted  by  a 
jury,  be  again,  for  the  same  offense,  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  liberty;  but 
if  the  jury  to  which  the  question  of  his  guilt  or  innocence  is  submitted 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  127 

fail  to  render  a  verdict,  the  court  before  which  the  trial  is  had  may,  in  its 
discretion,  discharge  the  jury  and  commit  or  bail  the  prisoner  for  trial  at 
the  next  term  of  court,  or  if  the  state  of  business  will  permit,  at  the  same 
term  ;  and  if  judgment  be  arrested  after  a  verdict  of  guilty  on  a  defective 
indictment,  or  if  judgment  on  a  verdict  of  guilty  be  reversed  for  error  in 
law,  nothing  herein  contained  shall  prevent  a  new  trial  of  the  prisoner  on 
a  proper  indictment,  or  according  to  correct  principles  of  law. 

Sec  24.  That  all  persons  shall  be  bailable  by  sufficient  sureties,  ex- 
cept for  capital  offenses,  when  the  proof  is  evident  or  the  presumption  great. 

Sec.  25.  That  excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines 
imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishment  inflicted. 

Sec  26.  That  the  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corfus  shall  never 
be  suspended. 

Sec  27.  That  the  military  shall  always  be  in  strict  subordination  to 
the  civil  power;  that  no  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any 
house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war,  except  in  the 
manner  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec  28.  The  right  of  trial  by  jury,  as  heretofore  enjoyed,  shall  remain 
inviolate;  but  a  jury  for  the  trial  of  criminal  or  civil  cases,  in  courts  not  of 
record,  may  consist  of  less  than  twelve  men,  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 
Hereafter,  a  grand  jury  shall  consist  of  twelve  men,  any  nine  of  whom 
concurring  may  find  an  indictment  or  a  true  bill. 

Sec  29.  That  the  people  have  the  right  peaceably  to  assemble  for 
their  common  good,  and  to  apply  to  those  invested  with  the  powers  of  gov- 
ernment for  redress  of  grievances  by  petition  or  remonstrance. 

Sec  30.  That  no  person  shall  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty  or  property 
without  due  process  of  law. 

Sec  31.  That  there  cannot  be  in  this  state  either  slavery  or  involun- 
tary servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall 
have  been  duly  convicted. 

Sec  32.  The  enumeration  in  this  constitution  of  certain  rights  shall 
not  be  construed  to  deny,  impair,  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the 
people. 

ARTICLE    III. — THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  POWERS. 

The  powers  of  government  shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  depart- 
ments— the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial — each  of  which  shall  be  con- 
fided to  a  separate  magistracy  and  no  person,  or  collection  of  persons, 
charged  with  the  exercise  of  powers  properly  belonging  to  one  of  those 
departments,  shall  exercise  any  power  properly  belonging  to  either  of  the 
others,  except  in  the  instances  in  this  constitution  expressly  directed  or 
permitted. 

ARTICLE    IV.— LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  legislative  power,  subject  to  the  limitations  herein 
contained,  shall  be  vested  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  to  be 
styled  "  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Missouri." 

REPRESENTATION    AND    APPORTIONMENT. 

Sec  2.  The  house  of  representatives  shall  consist  of  members  to  be 
chosen  every  second  year  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  several  counties, 
and  apportioned  in  the  following  manner:  The  ratio  of  representation  shall 
be  ascertained  at  each  apportioning  session  of  the  general  assembly,  by 


128  CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI. 

dividing  the  whole  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  state,  as  ascertained  by 
the  last  decennial  census  of  the  United  States,  by  the  number  two  hun- 
dred. Each  county  having  one  ratio,  or  less,  shall  be  entitled  to  one  rep- 
resentative; each  county  having  two  and  a  half  times  said  ratio,  shall  be 
entitled  to  two  representatives;  each  county  having  four  times  said  ratio, 
shall  be  entitled  to  three  representatives;  each  county  having  six  times 
such  ratio,  shall  be  entitled  to  four  representatives,  and  so  on  above  that 
number,  giving  one  additional  member  for  every  two  and  a  half  additional 
ratios. 

Sec.  3.  When  any  countv  shall  be  entitled  to  more  than  one  repre- 
sentative, the  county  court  shall  cause  such  county  to  be  subdivided  into 
districts  of  compact  and  contiguous  territory,  corresponding  in  number  to 
the  representatives  to  which  such  county  is  entitled,  and  in  population  as 
nearlv  equal  as  mav  be,  in  each  of  whi^h  the  qualified  voters  shall  elect 
one  representative,  who  shall  be  a  resident  of  such  district:  Provided, 
That  when  any  county  shall  be  entitled  to  more  than  ten  representatives, 
the  circuit  court  shall  cause  such  county  to  be  subdivided  into  districts,  so 
as  to  give  each  district  not  less  than  two,  nor  more  than  four  representa- 
tives, who  shall  be  residents  of  such  district;  the  population  of  the  districts  to 
be  proportioned  to  the  number  of  representatives  to  be  elected  therefrom. 

Sec.  4.  Xo  person  shall  be  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-four  years,  who  shall  not  be 
a  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  not  have  been  a  qualified 
voter  of  this  state  two  years,  and  an  inhabitant  of  the  county  or  district 
which  he  may  be  chosen  to  represent,  one  year  next  before  the  day  of  his 
election,  if  such  countv  or  district  shall  have  been  so  long  established,  but 
if  not,  then  of  the  countv  or  district  from  which  the  same  shall  have  been 
taken,  and  who  shall  not  have  paid  a  state  and  county  tax  within  one  year 
next  preceding  the  election. 

Sec.  5.  The  senate  shall  consist  of  thirty-four  members,  to  be  chosen 
by  the  qualified  voters  of  their  respective  districts  for  four  years.  For  the 
election  of  senators  the  state  shall  be  divided  into  convenient  districts,  as 
nearlv  equal  in  population  as  may  be,  the  same  to  be  ascertained  by  the 
last  decennial  census  taken  bv  the  United  States. 

Sec  6.  No  person  shall  be  a  senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  the 
age  of  thirty  years,  who  shall  not  be  a  male  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
who  shall  not  have  been  a  qualified  voter  of  this  state  three  years,  and  an 
inhabitant  of  the  district  which  he  may  be  chosen  to  represent  one  year 
next  before  the  dav  of  his  election,  if  such  district  shall  have  been  so  long 
established;  but  if  not,  then  of  the  district  or  districts  from  which  the  same 
shall  have  been  taken,  and  who  shall  not  have  paid  a  state  and  county  tax- 
within  one  year  next  preceding  the  election.  When  any  county  shall  be 
entitled  to  more  than  one  senator,  the  circuit  court  shall  cause  such  county 
to  be  subdivided  into  districts  of  compact  and  contiguous  territory,  and  of 
population  as  nearlv  equal  as  ma}-  be,  corresponding  in  number  with  the 
senators  to  which  such  county  may  be  entitled;  and  in  each  of  these  one 
senator,  who  shall  be  a  resident  of  such  district,  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  thereof. 

Sec  7.  Senators  and  representatives  shall  be  chosen  according  to  the 
rule  of  apportionment  established  in  this  constitution,  until  the  next  decen- 
nial census  by  the  United  States  shall  have  been  taken  and  the  result 
thereof  as  to  this  state  ascertained,  when  the  apportionment  shall  be  revised 


^ 


p-t~-i^?  z 


l&> 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  129 

and  adjusted  on  the  basis  of  that  census,  and  every  ten  years  there- 
after upon  the  basis  of  the  United  States  census;  or  if  such  census  be  not 
taken,  or  is  delayed,  then  on  the  basis  of  a  state  census;  such  apportion- 
ment to  be  made  at  the  first  session  of  the  general  assembly  afier  each 
such  census:  Provided,  That  if  at  any  time,  or  from  any  cause,  the  general 
assembly  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  district  the  state  for  senators,  as  required 
in  this  section,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  governor,  secretary  of  state,  and 
attorney-general,  within  thirty  days  after  the  adjournment  of  the  general 
assembly  on  which  such  duty  devolved,  to  perform  said  duty,  and  to  file  in 
the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state  a  full  statement  of  the  districts  formed 
by  them,  including  the  names  of  the  counties  embraced  in  each  district, 
and  the  numbers  thereof;  said  statement  to  be  signed  by  them,  and 
attested  by  the  great  seal  of  the  state,  and  upon  the  proclamation  of  the 
governor,  the  same  shall  be  as  binding  and  effectual  as  if  done  by  the 
general  assembly. 

Sec  8.  Until  an  apportionment  of  representatives  can  be  made,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  article,  the  house  of  representa- 
tives shall  consist  of  one  hundred  and  forty-three  members,  which  shall  be 
divided  among  the  several  counties  of  the  state,  as  follows:  The  county  of 
St.  Louis  shall  have  seventeen;  the  county  of  Jackson  four;  the  county  of 
Buchanan  three;  the  counties  of  Franklin,  Greene,  Johnson,  Lafayette, 
Macon,  Marion,  Pike,  and  Saline,  each  two,  and  each  of  the  other  coun- 
ties in  the  state,  one. 

Sec.  9.  Senatorial  and  representative  districts  may  be  altered,  from 
time  to  time,  as  public  convenience  may  require.  When  any  senatorial 
district  shall  be  composed  of  two  or  more  counties,  they  shall  be  contigu- 
ous; such  districts  to  be  as  compact  as  may  be,  and  in  the  formation  of 
the  same  no  county  shall  be  divided. 

Sec  10.  The  first  election  of  senators  and  representatives,  under  this 
constitution,  shall  be  held  at  the  general  election  in  the  year  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-six,  when  the  whole  number  of  representa- 
tives, and  the  senators  from  the  districts  having  odd  numbers,  who  shall 
compose  the  first  class,  shall  be  chosen;  and  in  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  seventy-eight,  the  senators  from  the  districts  having  even  num- 
bers, who  shall  compose  the  second  class,  and  so  on  at  each  succeeding 
general  election,  half  the  senators  provided  for  by  this  constitution  shall 
be  chosen. 

Sec  11.  Until  the  state  shall  be  divided  into  senatorial  districts,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  article,  said  districts  shall  be  con- 
stituted and  numbered  as  follows: 

The  First  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  counties  of  Andrew,  Holt, 
Nodaway  and  Atchison. 

Second  District — The  counties  of  Buchanan,  DeKalb,  Gentry  and 
Worth. 

Third  District — The  counties  of  Clay,  Clinton  and  Platte. 

Fourth  District— The  counties  of  Caldwell,  Ray,  Daviess  and  Harrison. 

Fifth  District — The  counties  of  Livingston,  Grundy,  Mercer  and  Carroll. 

Sixth  District — The  counties  of  Linn,  Sullivan,  Putnam  and  Chariton. 

Seventh  District — The  counties  of  Randolph,  Howard  and  Monroe. 

Eighth  District — The  counties  of  Adair,  Macon  and  Schuyler. 

Ninth  District — The  counties  of  Audrain,  Boone  and  Callaway. 
9 


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COXSTTTl'TTOX   OF  MJESUUKL 

Sec :.  19.    T  :  each  house  shall  be  held  with  open  doors, 

:y. 
The   gene  the   year  one  thousand 

e  _  .  ...  ::::::  an  die  first  Wedi 

I     \     .  -  .rht  hundred  and  9f         "-seven:  and 

thereafte  _  assembly  shall  meet  in  r   _  session  once  onlv  in 

ft :  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Wednesdav  after 
the  first  dav  of  Januarv  next  after  :ions  of  the  members  thereof. 

Sec  31.  Every  adjournment  or  recess  taken  by  the  _r::eral  assemblv 
for  more  than  thi  :  of  and  be  an  adjournment 

tbe. 
Sec   32.     Every  adiournment  or  recess  taken  by  the  general  assemblv 
for  three  lays  w  less,  -aall  be  construed  as  not  interrupting  the  session  at 
which  thev  are  had  or  taken,  but  as  continuing  the  session  for  all  the  pur- 
poses mentioned  in  section  sbrteei  article. 

Sec  22  Neither  house  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn 
for  more  than  two  days  at  anv  one  time,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that 
in  which  thetwc  h :  nses  maybe  sitting. 

LEGBLAT1VE    PROCEEDINGS. 

-    .-     .-  s  of  this  state  shall  be:     "Be  it  enacted 

by  the  Gener  ,         -  _Y  '.'.-..  s :" 

Sec  35.  Ne  lav*  shall  be  passec.  except  by  bill,  and  no  bill  shall  be  so 
amended  in  its  -sage  through  either  house,  as  to  chancre  its  original 
rurr  :se. 

Sec  36.  KDs  mav  originate  in  either  house,  and  may  be  amended  or 
rr  acted  by  the  rther;  an  D  be  read  on  three  different  days 

ich  house. 

37.  Xo  bill  shall  be  considered  for  final  passage  unless  the  same 
has  been  reported  upon  bv  a  committee  and  printed  for  the  use  of   the 

:  r:; 

38.  Xo  hi  . ot  general  appropriation  bills,  which  may  em- 
brace the  various  subjects  and  accounts  for  and  on  account  of  which  moneys 
are  appropriated,  and  except  bills  passed  under  the  third  subdivision  of 
section  fortv-four  of  this  article  I  shall  contain  more  than  one  subject,  which 
sh ill  :e  zlrirlv  r::rressri  ir  its  title. 

Sec  39.  All  amendments  adopted  by  either  house  to  a  bill  pending 
and  originating  in  the  -  ame,  shall  be  incorpora te :.  with  the  bill  by  engross- 
ment, and  the  bill  as  thus  engrossed,  shall  be  printed  for  the  use  of  the 
members  before  its  final  g  The  engrossing  and  printing  shall  be 

the  supervision  of  a  committer  .  report  to  the  house  shall  set 

forth,  ir.  g,  that   thev  rind  the  bill  truly    engrossed,  and  that  the 

printed  copv  furnished  to  the  members  is  corr^ 

If  a  bili  pas  er  house  be  returned  .  amended 

:ther,  the  house  to  which  the  same  is  retur  1  cause  the 

amendment         r  edtc  be  printed  under  the  same  super- 

aon  as  provided  in  og  seen  sn,  for  the  use  of  the  mem- 

before  final  action  on  such  a-  arts. 

Sec  1.  Xo  bill  shall  become  a  law,  unless  on  its  final  passage  the 
vote  be  taken  by  :  the  members  voting  for  and 

agair.-:  e  be  entei  te    :urnal,  and  a  majority  of  the  members 

.  h  house  be  recorded  thereon  as  voting  in  its  favor. 


:t:tvt:  :::-:v?z  133 

S  z :    52.     No  amendment  to  bills  by  ooe  house  shall  be  coocnrr 
bv  the  other,  e :::- pi  :  jravoteof  a  m;  :  the  members  elected  the re- 

taken bv  veas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  those  voting  for  and  against 
recorded  upon  the  journal  thereof;  and  reports  of  committees  of  confer- 
ence shall  be  adopted  in  either  house  onlv  bv  the  vote  of  a  majority  of  the 
members  elected  thereto,  taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  those 
g  recorded  upon  the  journaL 

Shc  33.     No  act  shall  be  revived  or  re-enacted  by  mere  reference  to 
the  tide  thereof!  but  the  same  shall  be  set  forth  at  length,  i  s       :  .vere  an 

oi.     No  act  shall  be  amended  by  providing  that  designated  words 

thereof  be  stricken  out.  or  that  designated  words  be  inserted,  or  that  desig- 

Drds  be  stricken  out  and  others  inserted  in  Ken  thereof;  but  the 

words  to  be  stricken  out,  or  the  words  to  be  inserted,  or  the  words  to  be 

:::;n::::;::r  _  ::    ±e  i;:    it 

section  amended,  shall  be  set  forth  in  full,  as  amended. 

5z  j  When  a  bill  is  put  upon  its  final  passage  in  either  house,  and, 

failing  to  pass,  a  motion  is  made  to  reconsider  the  vote  by  which    : 
defeated,  the  vote  upon  such  motion  to  reconsider  shall  be  immediately 
taken,  and  the  sub:ec:  rir  :  ::"  bri:rc  the  hiuse  ":■;— is  ::  in- 

other  busine  — 

No  law  passed  by  the  general  assembly,  except  the  general 
appropriation  act.  shall  take  effect  or  go  into  force  until  nine:  -iter 

the  adjournment  of  the  session  at  which  it  was  enacted,  unless  in  case  :  I 
ar.  r~t:;rr.:v.  .v-:;h  trr.trjt"  :  rr.us:  r-r  rx::-?r:  :n  the  rrrinh.e  :r  ;r. 
the  bodv  of  the  ad  .  me  general  assembly  shall,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds 
of  all  the  members  elected  to  each  house,  otherwise  direct;  saidvotr  lobe 
taken  bv  veas  and  nays,  an :.  rntered  upon  the  iournaL 


Sec.  37.     X:  bill  >: 


Mr 


r.  ::rr.  ^:--.;  r. . 


signed  by  the  presiding  off 
ar.i  brfrrr  such  rr.Jrr  ?hi' 
all  other  business,  declare  1 

ns  be  made,  he  will  sign  the  same,  to  the  end  that  it  may  become  a 
hv~       Tr.r  ::_  5'-;...  :r.rr.  br  ::..:  :.:  .:"::  i  i:  -    ■  :         :  ; 

he  shall,  in  rrr^r-jr  ::  e n  session,  and  before  any  other 

business  is  e":cr:;.:r.ri.  -h          -  -_  t       ii;h  :j.j:  shili  r-r  r     t  :    t 

journal,  and  the  bill  immexfrh:  the  other  house.       ha   I  reaches 

the  other  house  the  presiding  officer  thereof  shall  immediately  suspend  all 

as,annoi  :::::::::::^:: -::thesa~e: 

shall  thereupon  be  c  respect,  aa  in  the  house  in  whic 

-  :  -  _  •  .       1:  -  -  •  -  .     ' 

.;:..  :  rriss:  -  -  - 

signed  is  not  the  -bstance  and  form  as  when  considered  and 

the  house,  or  that  any  particular  clause  of  this  article  of  the 
ion  has  beer,  violated  _       uch  objection  shall  be  pa  a 

upon  by  the  house,  and  if  susl  residing  officer  shall  withholi 

^  _  -  bri- 

bers may  embc  d  sax  signataues,  as  a 

_     :  the  hii".      Such  rr::es:. 
the  house,  shall  be  noted  upon  the  journal,  and  the  original  shall  be  an- 
nex e  bill  to  be  considerec  _     r.-norin  connection  there v 
i:;    58.     When  the  tafl  has  been  -  _  • 


134  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

ing  section,  it  shall  be  the  dut)'  of  the  secretary  of  the  senate,  if  the  bill 
originated  in  the  senate,  and  of  the  chief  clerk  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, if  the  bill  originated  in  the  house,  to  present  the  same  in  person,  on 
the  same  day  on  which  it  was  signed  as  aforesaid,  to  the  governor, 
and  enter  the  fact  upon  the  journal.  Ever)'-  bill  presented  to  the  governor, 
and  returned  within  ten  days  to  the  house  in  which  the  same  originated, 
with  the  approval  of  the  governor,  shall  become  a  law,  unless  it  be  in  vio- 
lation of  some  provision  ot  this  constitution. 

Sec.  39.  Every  bill  presented  as  aforesaid,  but  returned  without  the 
approval  of  the  governor,  and  with  his  objections  thereto,  shall  stand  as 
reconsidered  in  the  house  to  which  it  is  returned.  The  house  shall  cause 
the  objections  of  the  governor  to  be  entered  at  large  upon  the  journal,  and 
proceed,  at  its  convenience,  to  consider  the  question  pending,  which  shall 
be  in  this  form:  "Shall  the  bill  pass,  the  objections  of  the  governor  thereto 
notwithstanding?"  The  vote  upon  this  question  shall  be  taken  by  yeas 
and  na}^s,  and  the  names  entered  upon  the  journal,  and  if  two-thirds  of  all 
the  members  elected  to  the  house  vote  in  the  affirmative,  the  presiding 
officer  of  that  house  shall  certify  that  fact  on  the  roll,  attesting  the  same 
by  his  signature,  and  send  the  bill,  with  the  objections  of  the  governor,  to 
the  other  house,  in  which  like  proceedings  shall  be  had  in  relation  thereto; 
and  if  the  bill  receive  a  like  majority  of  the  votes  of  all  the  members  elected 
to  that  house,  the  vote  being  taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  the  presiding  officer 
thereof  shall,  in  like  manner,  certify  the  fact  upon  the  bill.  The  bill  thus 
certified  shall  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state,  as  an  au- 
thentic act,  and  shall  become  a  law  in  the  same  manner  and  with  like  effect 
as  if  it  had  received  the  approval  of  the  governor. 

Sec.  40.  Whenever  the  governor  shall  fail  to  perform  his  duty,  as  pre- 
scribed in  section  twelve,  article  V,  of  this  constitution,  in  relation  to  any 
bill  presented  to  him  for  his  approval,  the  general  assembly  may,  by  joint 
resolution,  reciting  the  fact  of  such  failure  and  the  bill  at  length,  direct  the 
secretary  of  state  to  enrol  the  same  as  an  authentic  act  in  the  archives  of 
the  state,  and  such  enrollment  shall  have  the  same  effect  as  an  approval  by 
the  governor:  Provided,  That  such  joint  resolution  shall  not  be  submit- 
ted to  the  governor  for  his  approval. 

Sec.  41 .  Within  five  years  after  the  adoption  of  this  constitution  all 
the  statute  laws  of  a  general  nature,  both  civil  and  criminal,  shall  be  re- 
vised, digested,  and  promulgated  in  such  manner  as  the  general  assembly 
shall  direct;  and  a  like  revision,  digest,  and  promulgation  shall  be  made 
at  the  expiration  of  ever}'  subsequent  period  of  ten  years. 

Sec.  42.  Each  house  shall,  from  time  to  time,  publish  a  journal  of  its 
proceedings,  and  the  yeas  and  nays  on  any  question  shall  be  taken  and 
entered  on  the  journal  at  the  motion  of  any  two  members.  Whenever  the 
yeas  and  nays  are  demanded,  the  whole  list  of  members  shall  be  called, 
and  the  names  of  the  absentees  shall  be  noted  and  published  in  the  journal. 

LIMITATION    ON   LEGISLATIVE    POWER. 

Sec.  43.  All  revenue  collected  and  moneys  received  by  the  state  from 
any  source  whatsoever,  shall  go  into  the  treasury,  and  the  general  assem- 
bly shall  have  no  power  to  divert  the  same,  or  to  permit  money  to  be  drawn 
from  the  treasury,  except  in  pursuance  of  regular  appropriations  made  by 
law.  All  appropriations  of  money  by  the  successive  general  assemblies 
shall  be  made  in  the  following  order: 


CONSTITUTION   OF    MISSOURI.  135 

First,  For  the  payment  of  all  interest  upon  the  bonded  debt  of  the 
state  that  may  become  due  during  the  term  for  which  each  general 
assembly  is  elected. 

Second,  For  the  benefit  of  the  sinking  fund,  which  shall  not  be  less  an- 
nually than  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

Third,  For  free  public  school  purposes. 

Fourth,  For  the  payment  of  the  cost  of  assessing  and  collecting  the 
revenue. 

Fifth,  For  the  payment  of  the  civil  list. 

Sixth,  For  the  support  of  the  eleemosynary  institutions  of  the  state. 

Seventh,  For  the  pay  of  the  general  assembly,  and  such  other  purposes 
not  herein  prohibited,  as  it  may  deem  necessary;  but  no  general  assembly 
shall  have  power  to  make  any  appropriation  of  money  for  any  purpose 
whatsoever,  until  the  respective  sums  necessary  for  the  purposes  in  this 
section  specified  have  been  set  apart  and  appropriated,  or  to  give  pri- 
ority in  its  action  to  a  succeeding  over  a  preceding  item  as  above  enumer- 
ated. 

Sec  44.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  contract  or  to 
authorize  the  contracting  of  any  debt  or  liability  on  behalf  of  the  state,  or 
to  issue  bonds  or  other  evidences  of  indebtedness  thereof,  except  in  the 
following  cases: 

First,  In  renewal  of  existing  bonds,  when  they  cannot  be  paid  at  matu- 
rity, out  of  the  sinking  fund  or  other  resources. 

Second,  On  the  occurring  of  an  unforeseen  emergency,  or  casual  defi- 
ciency of  the  revenue  when  the  temporary  liability  incurred,  upon  the  rec- 
ommendation of  the  governor  first  had,  shall  not  exceed  the  sum  of  two 
hundred  and  fiftv  thousand  dollars  for  any  one  year,  to  be  paid  in  not 
more  than  two  years  from  and  after  its  creation. 

Third,  On  the  occurring  of  any  unforeseen  emergency  or  casual  defi- 
ciency of  the  revenue,  when  the  temporary  liability  incurred  or  to  be  incur- 
red shall  exceed  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  for 
any  one  vear,  the  general  assembly  may  submit  an  act  providing  for  the 
loan,  or  lor  the  contracting  of  the  liability,  and  containing  a  provision  for 
levying  a  tax  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  and  principal  when  they  become 
due,  (the  latter  in  not  more  than  thirteen  years  from  the  date  of  its  crea- 
tion) to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  state,  and  when  the  act  so  submitted 
shall  have  been  ratified  by  a  two-thirds  majority,  at  an  election  held  for 
that  purpose,  due  publication  having  been  made  of  the  provisions  of  the 
act  for  at  least  three  months  before  such  election,  the  act  thus  ratified 
shall  be  irrepealable  until  the  debt  thereby  incurred  shall  be  paid,  princi- 
pal and  interest. 

Sec  45.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  give  or  to  lend, 
or  to  authorize  the  giving  or  lending  of  the  credit  of  the  state  in  aid  of  or 
to  any  person,  association  or  corporation,  whether  municipal  or  other,  or  to 
pledge  the  credit  of  the  state  in  any  manner  whatsoever,  for  the  payment 
of  the  liabilities,  present  or  prospective,  of  any  individual,  association  of 
individuals,  municipal  or  other  corporation  whatsoever. 

Sec  4(5.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  make  any 
grant,  or  to  authorize  the  making  of  any  grant  of  public  money  or  thing  of 
v^alue  to  any  individual,  association  of  individuals,  municipal  or  other  cor- 
poration whatsoever:  Provided,  That  this  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to 
prevent  the  grant  of  aid  in  a  case  of  public  calamity. 


136  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

Sec.  47.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  authorize  any 
county,  city,  town  or  township,  or  other  political  corporation  or  subdivision 
of  the  state  now  existing,  or  that  may  be  hereafter  established,  to  lend  its 
credit,  or  to  grant  public  money  or  thing  of  value  in  aid  of,  or  to  any  indi- 
vidual, association  or  corporation  whatsoever,  or  to  become  a  stockholder 
in  such  corporation,  association  or  company. 

Sec.  48.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  grant,  or  to 
authorize  anv  county  or  municipal  authorit}^  to  grant  any  extra  compensa- 
tion, fee  or  allowance  to  a  public  officer,  agent,  servant  or  contractor,  after 
service  has  been  rendered  or  a  contract  has  been  entered  into  and  per- 
formed in  whole  or  in  part,  nor  pay  nor  authorize  the  payment  of  any  claim 
hereafter  created  against  the  state,  or  any  county  or  municipality  of  the 
state  under  any  agreement  or  contract  made  without  express  authority  of 
law;  and  all  such  unauthorized  agreements  or  contracts  shall  be  null  and 
void. 

Sec.  49.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  hereafter  to  sub- 
scribe or  authorize  the  subscription  of  stock  on  behalf  of  the  state,  in  any 
corporation  or  association  except  for  the  purpose  of  securing  loans  hereto- 
fore extended  to  certain  railroad  corporations  by  the  state. 

Sec.  50.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  release  or 
alienate  the  lien  held  by  the  state  upon  any  railroad,  or  in  anywise  change 
the  tenor  or  meaning,  or  pass  any  act  explanatory  thereof;  but  the  same 
shall  be  enforced  in  accordance  with  the  original  terms  upon  which  it  was 
acquired. 

Sec.  51.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  release  or  ex- 
tinguish, or  authorize  the  releasing  or  extinguishing,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
the  indebtedness,  liability  or  obligation  of  any  corporation  or  individual,  to 
this  state,  or  to  any  county  or  other  municipal  corporation  therein. 

Sec.  52.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  make  any  ap- 
propriation of  money,  or  to  issue  any  bonds  or  other  evidences  of  indebted- 
ness for  the  payment,  or  on  account,  or  in  recognition  of  any  claims  audited, 
or  that  may  hereafter  be  audited  by  virtue  of  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  to 
audit  and  adjust  the  war  debt  of  the  state, "  approved  March  19, 1874,  or  any 
act  of  a  similar  nature,  until  after  the  claims  so  audited  shall  have  been 
presented  to  and  paid  by  the  government  of  the  United  States  to  the  state 
of  Missouri. 

Sec.  53.     The  general  assembly  shall  not  pass  any  local  or  special  law: 

Authorizing  the  creation,  extension  or  impairing  of  liens: 

Regulating  the  affairs  of  counties,  cities,  townships,  wards  or  school 
districts : 

Changing  the  names  of  persons  or  places: 

Changing  the  venue  in  civil  or  criminal  cases: 

Authorizing  the  laying  out,  opening,  altering  or  maintaining  roads, 
highways,  streets  or  alleys: 

Relating  to  ferries  or  "bridges,  or  incorporating  ferry  or  bridge  compa- 
nies, except  for  the  erection  of  bridges  crossing  streams  which  form 
boundaries  between  this  and  any  other  state: 

Vacating  roads,  town  plats,  streets  or  alleys: 

Relating  to  cemeteries,  grave  yards  or  public  grounds  not  of  the  state: 

Authorizing  the  adoption  or  legitimation  of  children: 
•  Locating  or  changing  county  seats: 

Incorporating  cities,  towns  or  villages,  or  changing  their  charters: 


CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI.  137 

For  the  opening  and  conducting  of  elections,  or  fixing  or  changing  the 
places  of  voting: 
Granting  divorces: 

Erecting  new  townships,  or  changing  township  lines,  or  the  lines  of 
school  districts: 

Creating  offices,  or  prescribing  the  powers  and  duties  of  officers  in 
counties,  cities,  townships,  election  or  school  districts: 
Changing  the  law  of  descent  or  succession: 

Regulating  the  practice  or  jurisdiction  of,  or  changing  the  rules  of  evi- 
dence in  any  judicial  proceeding  or  inquiry  before  courts,  justices* of  the 
peace,  sheriffs,  commissioners,  arbitrators  or  other  tribunals,  or  providing 
or  changing  methods  for  the  collection  of  debts,  or  the  enforcing  of  judg- 
ments, or  prescribing  the  effect  of  judicial  sales  of  real  estate: 

Regulating  the  fees  or  extending  the  powers  and  duties  of  aldermen, 
justices  of  the  peace,  magistrates  or  constables: 

Regulating  the  management  of  public  schools,  the  building  or  repairing 
of  school  houses,  and  the  raising  of  money  for  such  purposes: 
Fixing  the  rate  of  interest: 

Affecting  the  estates  of  minors  or  persons  Under  disability: 
Remitting  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures,  or  refunding  moneys  legally 
paid  into  the  treasury: 

Exempting  property  from  taxation: 
Regulating  labor,  trade,  mining  or  manufacturing: 

Creating  corporations,  or  amending,  renewing,  extending  or  explaining 
the  charter  thereof: 

Granting  to  any  corporation,  association  or  individual  any  special  or 
exclusive  right,  privilege  or  immunity,  or  to  any  corporation,  association  or 
individual,  the  right  to  lay  down  a  railroad  track: 
Declaring  any  named  person  of  age: 

Extending  the  time  for  the  assessment  or  collection  of  taxes,  or  other- 
wise relieving  any  assessor  or  collector  of  taxes  from  the  due  performance 
of  their  official  duties,  or  their  securities  from  liability: 
Giving  effect  to  informal  or  invalid  wills  or  deeds: 
Summoning  or  empanneling  grand  or  petit  juries: 
For  limitation  of  civil  actions: 

Legalizing  the  unauthorized  or  invalid  acts  of  any  officer  or  agent  of 
the  state,  or  of  any  county  or  municipality  thereof.  In  all  other  cases 
where  a  general  law  can  be  made  applicable,  no  local  or  special  law  shall 
be  enacted;  and  whether  a  general  law  could  have  been  made  applicable 
in  any  case,  is  hereby  declared  a  judicial  question,  and  as  such  shall  be  ju- 
dicially determined  without  regard  to  any  legislative  assertion  on  that 
subject. 

Nor  shall  the  general  assembly  indirectly  enact  such  special  or  local 
law  by  the  partial  repeal  of  a  general  law ;  but  laws  repealing  local  or 
special  acts  may  be  passed. 

Sec  5  i.  No  local  or  special  law  shall  be  passed  unless  notice  of  the 
intention  to  apply  therefor  shall  have  been  published  in  the  locality  where 
the  matter  or  thing  to  be  aflected  may  be  situated,  which  notice  shall  state 
the  substance  of  the  contemplated  law,  and  shall  be  published  at  least 
thirty  days  prior  to  the  introduction  into  the  general  assembly  of  such 
bill,  and  in  the  manner  to  be  provided  by  law.  The  evidence  of  such 
notice  having  been  published,  shall  be  exhibited  in  the  general  assembly 


138  CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI. 

before  such  act  shall  be  passed,  and  the  notice  shall  be  recited  in  the  act 
according  to  its  tenor. 

Sec.  55.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power,  when  convened 
in  extra  session  by  the  governor,  to  act  upon  subjects  other  than  those 
specially  designated  in  the  proclamation  by  which  the  session  is  called,  or 
recommended  by  special  message  to  its  consideration  by  the  governor 
after  it  shall  have  been  convened. 

Sec.  56.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  remove  the 
seat  of  goveEnment  of  this  state  from  the  city  of  Jefferson. 

ARTICLE  V. — executive  department. 

Section  1.  The  executive  department  shall  consist  of  a  governor,, 
lieutenant  governor,  secretary  of  state,  state  auditor,  state  treasurer, 
attorney  general  and  superintendent  of  public  schools,  all  of  whom,  except 
the  lieutenant  governor,  shall  reside  at  the  seat  of  government  during 
their  term  of  office,  and  keep  the  public  records,  books  and  papers  there, 
and  shall  perform  such  duties  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  2.  The  term  of  office  of  the  governor,  lieutenant  governor,  sec- 
retary of  state,  state  auditor,  -state  treasurer,  attorney  general  and  super- 
intendent of  public  schools,  shall  be  four  years  from  the  second  Monday 
of  January  next  after  their  election,  and  until  their  successors  are  elected 
and  qualified;  and  the  governor  and  state  treasurer  shall  be  ineligible  to 
re-election  as  their  own  successors.  At  the  general  election  to  be  held  in 
the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  every  four 
years  thereafter,  all  of  such  officers,  except  the  superintendent  of  public 
schools,  shall  be  elected,  and  the  superintendent  of  public  schools  shall  be 
elected  at  the  general  election  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-eight,  and  every  four  years  thereafter. 

Sec.  3.  The  returns  of  every  election  for  the  above  named  officers 
shall  be  sealed  up  and  transmitted  by  the  returning  officers  to  the  secre- 
tary of  state,  directed  to  the  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives,  who 
shall  immediately,  after  the  organization  of  the  house,  and  before  proceed- 
ing to  other  business,  open  and  publish  the  same  in  the  presence  of  a 
majority  of  each  house  of  the  general  assembly,  who  shall  for  that  pur- 
pose assemble  in  the  hall  of  the  house  of  representatives.  The  person 
having  the  highest  number  of  votes  for  either  of  said  offices  shall  be 
declared  dulv  elected;  but  if  two  or  more  shall  have  an  equal  and  the 
highest  number  of  votes,  the  general  assembly  shall,  by  joint  vote,  choose 
one  of  such  persons  for  said  office. 

Sec.  4.  The  supreme  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  chief  mag- 
istrate, who  shall  be  styled  "the  governor  of  the  state  of  Missouri." 

Sec.  5.  The  governor  shall  be  at  least  thirty-five  years  old,  a  male, 
and  shall  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  ten  years,  and  a  resi- 
dent of  this  state  seven  years  next  before  his  election. 

Sec.  6.  The  governor  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  are  distributed  and 
faithfully  executed;  and  he  shall  be  a  conservator  of  the  peace  through- 
out the  state. 

Sec.  7.  The  governor  shall  be  commander-in-chief  of  the  militia  of 
this  state,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  and  may  call  out  the  same  to  execute  the  laws,  suppress  insurrec- 
tion and  repel  invasion;  but  he  need  not  command  in  person  unless 
directed  so  to  do  by  a  resolution  of  the  general  assembly. 


CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI.  13f> 

Sec.  8.  The  governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves,  commuta- 
tions and  pardons,  after  conviction,  for  all  offenses,  except  treason  and 
cases  of  impeachment,  upon  such  condition  and  with  such  restrictions  and 
limitations  as  he  may  think  proper,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  may  be 
provided  by  law  relative  to  the  manner  of  applying  for  pardons.  He  shall, 
at  each  session  of  the  general  assembly,  communicate  to  that  body  each 
case  of  reprieve,  commutation  or  pardon  granted,  stating  the  name  of  the 
convict,  the  crime  of  which  he  was  convicted,  the  sentence  and  its  date, 
the  date  of  the  commutation,  pardon  or  reprieve,  and  the  reason  for  grant- 
ing the  same. 

Sec  9.  The  governor  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  general 
assembly  information  relative  to  the  state  of  the  government,  and  shall 
recommend  to  its  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  deem  necessary 
and  expedient.  On  extraordinary  occasions  he  may  convene  the  general 
assembly  by  proclamation,  wherein  he  shall  state  specifically  each  matter 
concerning  which  the  action  of  that  body  is  deemed  necessary. 

Sec  10.  The  governor  shall,  at  the  commencement  of  each  session  of 
the  general  assembly,  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  of  office,  give  informa- 
tion by  message,  of  the  condition  of  the  state,  and  shall  recommend  such 
measures  as  he  shall  deem  expedient.  He  shall  account  to  the  general 
assembly,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  for  all  moneys 
received  and  paid  out  by  him  from  any  funds  subject  to  his  order,  with 
vouchers;  and  at  the  commencement  of  each  regular  session,  present  esti- 
mates of  the  amount  of  money  required  to  be  raised  by  taxation  for  all 
purposes. 

Sec.  11.  When  anv  office  shall  become  vacant,  the  governor,  unless 
otherwise  provided  by  law,  shall  appoint  a  person  to  fill  such  vacancy, 
who  shall  continue  in  office  until  a  successor  shall  have  been  duly  elected 
or  appointed  and  qualified  according  to  law. 

Sec  12.  The  governor  shall  consider  all  bills  and  joint  resolutions, 
which,  having  been  passed  by  both  houses  of  the  general  assembly,  shall 
be  presented  to  him.  He  shall,  within  ten  days  after  the  same  shall  have 
been  presented  to  him,  return  to  the  house  in  which  they  respectively 
originated,  all  such  bills  and  joint  resolutions,  with  his  approval  endorsed 
thereon,  or  accompanied  by  his  objections:  Provided,  That  if  the  general 
assembly  shall  finally  adjourn  within  ten  days  after  such  presentation, 
the  governor  may,  within  thirty  days  thereafter,  return  such  bills  and  res- 
olutions to  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state,  with  his  approval  or  reasons 
for  disapproval. 

Sec  13.  If  any  bill  presented  to  the  governor  contain  several  items 
of  appropriation  of  money,  he  may  object  to  one  or  more  items  while 
approving  other  portions  of  the  bill.  In  such  case  he  shall  append  to  the 
bili,  at  the  time  of  signing  it,  a  statement  of  the  items  to  which  he  objects, 
and  the  appropriations  so  objected  to  shall  not  take  effect.  If  the  general 
assembly  be  in  session,  he  shall  transmit  to  the  house  in  which  the  bill 
originated  a  copy  of  such  statement,  and  the  items  objected  to  shall  be 
separately  reconsidered.  If  it  be  not  in  session,  then  he  shall  transmit  the 
same  within  thirty  days  to  the  office  of  secretary  of  state,  with  his  approval 
or  reasons  for  disapproval. 

Sec  14.  Every  resolution  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  senate  and 
house  of  representatives  may  be  necessary,  except  on  questions  of  adjourn- 
ment, of  going  into  joint  session,  and  of  amending  this  constitution,  shall 


140  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

be  presented  to  the  governor,  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect,  shall 
"be  proceeded  upon  in  the  same  manner  as  in  the  case  of  a  bill:  Provided, 
That  no  resolution  shall  have  the  effect  to  repeal,  extend,  alter  or  amend 
any  law. 

Sec.  15.  The  lieutenant  governor  shall  possess  the  same  qualifications 
as  the  governor,  and  by  virtue  of  his  office  shall  be  president  of  the  senate. 
In  committee  of  the  whole  he  may  debate  all  questions;  and  when  there 
is  an  equal  division  he  shall  give  the  casting  vote  in  the  senate,  and  also  in 
joint  vote  of  both  houses. 

Sec.  16.  In  case  of  death,  conviction,  or  impeachment,  failure  to  qual- 
ify, resignation,  absence  from  the  state,  or  other  disability  of  the  governor, 
the  oowers,  duties,  and  emoluments  of  the  office  for  the  residue  of  the 
term,  or  until  the  disability  shall  be  removed,  shall  devolve  upon  the  lieu- 
tenant governor. 

Sec  IT.  The  senate  shall  choose  a  president  pro  tempore  to  preside  in 
cases  of  the  absence  or  impeachment  of  the  lieutenant-governor,  or  when 
he  shall  hold  the  office  of  governor.  If  there  be  no  lieutenant-governor, 
or  the  lieutenant  governor  shall,  for  any  of  the  causes  specified  in  section 
sixteen,  of  this  article,  become  incapable  of  performing  the  duties  of  the 
office,  the  president  of  the  senate  shall  act  as  governor  until  the  vacancy 
is  filled,  or  the  disability  removed;  and  if  the  president  of  the  senate,  for 
any  of  the  above  namecl  causes,  shall  become  incapable  of  performing  the 
duties  of  governor,  the  same  shall  devolve  upon  the  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives,  in  the  same  manner,  and  with  the  same  powers  and 
compensation  as  are  prescribed  in  the  case  of  the  office  devolving  upon 
the  lieutenant-governor. 

Sec.  18.  The  lieutenant-governor,  or  the  president  -pro  tempore  of  the 
senate,  while  presiding  in  the  senate,  shall  receive  the  same  compen- 
sation as  shall  be  allowed  to  the  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives. 

Sec  19.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  secretary  of  state, 
state  auditor,  state  treasurer,  attorney-general,  or  superintendent  of  public 
schools,  unless  he  be  a  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  at  least 
twenty-five  years  old,  and  shall  have  resided  in  this  state  at  least  five  years 
next  before  his  election. 

Sec  20.  The  secretary  of  state  shall  be  the  custodian  of  the  seal  of 
the  state,  and  authenticate  therewith  all  official  acts  of  the  governor,  his 
approval  of  laws  excepted.  The  said  seal  shall  be  called  the  "  Great  Seal 
of  the  State  of  Missouri,"  and  the  emblems  and  devices  thereof,  hereto- 
fore prescribed  by  law,  shall  not  be  subject  to  change. 

Sec  21.  The  secretary  of  state  shall  keep  a  register  of  the  official  acts 
of  the  governor,  and  when  necessary,  shall  attest  them,  and  lay  copies  of 
the  same,  together  with  copies  of  all  papers  relative  thereto,  before  either 
house  of  the  general  assembly  whenever  required  to  do  so. 

Sec  22.  An  account  shall  be  kept  by  the  officers  of  the  executive 
department  of  all  moneys  and  choses  in  action  disbursed,  or  otherwise  dis- 
posed of  by  them  severally,  from  all  sources,  and  for  every  service  per- 
formed; and  a  semi-annual  report  thereof  shall  be  made  to  the  governor 
under  oath.  The  governor  may  at  any  time  require  information,  in  writ- 
ing, under  oath,  from  the  officers  of  the  executive  department,  and  all 
officers  and  managers  of  state  institutions,  upon  any  subject  relating  to 
the  condition,  management  and  expenses  of  their  respective  offices  and 
institutions;  which  information,  when  so  required,  shall  be  furnished  by 


CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI.  141 

such  officers  and  managers,  and  any  officer  or  manager  who  at  any  time 
shall  make  a  false  report,  shall  be  guilty  of  perjury  and  punished  accord- 
ingly. 

Sec.  23.  The  governor  shall  commission  all  officers  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for  by  law.  All  commissions  shall  run  in  the  name  and  by  the 
authority  of  the  state  of  Missouri,  be  signed  by  the  governor,  sealed  with 
the  great  seal  of  the  state  of  Missouri,  and  attested  by  the  secretary  of  state. 

Sec.  24.  The  officers  named  in  this  article  shall  receive  for  their  ser- 
vices a  salary  to  be  established  by  law,  which  shall  not  be  increased  or 
diminished  during  their  official  terms;  and  they  shall  not,  after  the  expir- 
ation of  the  terms  of  those  in  office  at  the  adoption  of  this  constitution, 
receive  to  their  own  use  any  fees,  costs,  perquisites  of  office,  or  other  com- 
pensation. All  fees  that  may  hereafter  be  payable  by  law  for  any  service 
performed  by  any  officer  provided  for  in  this  article  shall  be  paid  in 
advance  into  the  state  treasury. 

Sec.  25.  Contested  elections  of  governor  and  lieutenant-governor 
shall  be  decided  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  general  assembly, 
in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law;  and  contested  elections  of 
secretary  of  state,  state  auditor,  state  treasurer,  attorney-general,  and  su- 
perintendent of  public  schools  shall  be  decided  before  such  tribunal,  and 
in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

ARTICLE   VI.—  judicial  department. 

Section  1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  state,  as  to  matters  of  law  and 
equity,  except  as  in  this  constitution  otherwise  provided,  shall  be  vested 
in  a  supreme  court,  the  St,  Louis  court  of  appeals,  circuit  courts,  crim- 
inal courts,  probate  courts,  county  courts,  and  municipal  corporation  courts. 

Sec.  2.  The  supreme  court,  except  in  cases  otherwise  directed  by  this 
constitution,  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  shall  be  co-ex- 
tensive with  the  state,  under  the  restrictions  and  limitations  in  this  consti- 
tution provided. 

Sec.  3.  .The  supreme  court  shall  have  a  general  superintending  con- 
trol over  all  inferior  courts.  It  shall  have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas 
corpus,  mandamus,  quo  warranto,  certiorari,  and  other  original  remedial 
writs,  and  to  hear  and  determine  the  same. 

Sec.  4.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  shall  hold  office  for  the  term 
of  ten  years.  The  judge  oldest  in  commission  shall  be  chief  justice  of  the 
court;  and,  if  there  be  more  than  one  commission  of  the  same  date,  the 
court  may  select  the  chief  justice  from  the  judges  holding  the  same. 

Sec.  5.  The  supreme  court  shall  consist  of  five  judges,  any  three  of 
whom  shall  constitute  a  quorum ;  and  said  judges  shall  be  conservators  of 
the  peace  throughout  the  state,  and  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters 
thereof. 

Sec.  6.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  shall  be  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  not  less  than  thirty  years  old,  and  shall  have  been  citizens 
of  this  state  for  five  years  next  preceding  their  election  or  appointment, 
and  shall  be  learned  in  the  law. 

Sec.  7.  The  full  terms  of  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court  shall  com- 
mence on  the  first  day  of  January  next  ensuing  their  election,  and  those 
elected  to  fill  any  vacancy  shall  also  enter  upon  the  discharge  of  their 
duties  on  the  first  day  of  January  next  ensuing  such  election.  Those  ap- 
pointed shall  enter  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties  as  soon  as  qualified. 


142  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

Sec.  8.  The  present  judges  of  the  supreme  court  shall  remain  in 
office  until  the  expiration  of  their  respective  terms  of  office.  To  fill  their 
places  as  their  terms  expire,  one  judge  shall  be  elected  at  the  general 
election  in  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  one  every  two  years 
thereafter. 

Sec.  9.  The  supreme  court  shall  be  held  at  the  seat  of  government  at 
such  times  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law;  and  until  otherwise  directed  by 
law,  the  terms  of  said  court  shall  commence  on  the  third  Tuesday  in  Octo- 
ber and  April  of  each  year. 

Sec.  10.  The  state  shall  provide  a  suitable  court  room  at  the  seat  of 
government,  in  which  the  supreme  court  shall  hold  its  sessions ;  also  a 
clerk's  office,  furnished  offices  for  the  judges,  and  the  use  of  the  state 
library. 

Sec.  11.  If,  in  any  cause  pending  in  the  supreme  court,  or  the  St. 
Louis  court  of  appeals,  the  judges  sitting  shall  be  equally  divided  in  opin- 
ion, no  judgment  shall  be  entered  therein  based  on  such  division ;  but  the 
parties  to  the  cause  may  agree  upon  some  person,  learned  in  the  law,  to 
act  as  special  judge  in  the  cause,  who  shall  therein  sit  with  the  court,  and 
give  decision  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same  effect  as  one  of  the 
judges.  If  the  parties  cannot  agree  upon  a  special  judge,  the  court  shall 
appoint  one. 

Sec.  12.  There  is  hereby  established  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  an  appel- 
late court,  to  be  known  as  the  "  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals,"  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  which  shall  be  coextensive  with  the  city  of  St.  Louis  and  the  coun- 
ties of  St.  Louis,  St.  Charles,  Lincoln  and  Warren.  Said  court  shall  have 
power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  quo  warranto,  mandamus,  certiorari, 
and  other  original  remedial  writs, and  to  hear  and  determine  the  same;  and 
shall  have  a  superintending  control  over  all  inferior  courts  of  record  in  said 
counties.  Appeals  shall  lie  from  the  decisions  of  the  St.  Louis  court  of  ap- 
peals to  the  supreme  court,  and  writs  of  error  may  issue  from  the  supreme 
court  to  said  court  in  the  following  cases  only:  In  all  cases  where  the 
amount  in  dispute,  exclusive  of  costs,  exceeds  the  sum  of  two  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars;  in  cases  involving  the  construction  of  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States  or  of  this  state;  in  cases  where  the  validity  of  a  treaty  or 
statute  of,  or  authority  exercised  under  the  United  States  is  drawn  in  ques- 
tion ;  in  cases  involving  the  construction  of  the  revenue  laws  of  this  state, 
or  the  title  to  any  office  under  this  state;  in  cases  involving  title  to  real 
estate;  in  cases  where  a  county  or  other  political  subdivision  of  the  state, 
or  any  state  officer  is  a  party,  and  in  all  cases  of  felony. 

Sec.  13.  The  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals  shall  consist  of  three  judges, 
to  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  coun- 
ties of  St.  Louis,  St.  Charles,  Lincoln  and  Warren,  who  shall  hold  their 
offices  for  the  period  of  twelve  years.  They  shall  be  residents  of  the  dis- 
trict composed  of  said  counties,  shall  possess  the  same  qualifications  as 
judges  of  the  supreme  court,  and  each  shall  receive  the  same  compensation 
as  is  now,  or  may  be,  provided  by  law  for  the  judges  of  the  circuit  court  of 
St.  Louis  county,  and  be  paid  from  the  same  sources:  Provided,  That 
each  of  said  counties  shall  pay  its  proportional  part  of  the  same,  according 
to  its  taxable  property. 

Sec.  14.  The  judges  of  said  court  shall  be  conservators  of  the  peace 
throughout  said  counties.  Any  two  of  said  judges  shall  constitute  a  quo- 
rum.    There  shall  be  two  terms  of  said  court  to  be  held  each  year,  on  the 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  143 

first  Monday  of  March  and  October,  and  the  first  term  of  said  court  shall 
be  held  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  1876. 

Sec.  15.  The  opinions  of  said  court  shall  be  in  writing,  and  shall  be 
filed  in  the  cases  in  which  they  shall  be  respectively  made,  and  become 
parts  of  their  record;  and  all  laws  relating  to  the  practice  in  the  supreme 
court  shall  apply  to  this  court,  so  far  as  the  same  may  be  applicable. 

Sec.  16.  At  the  first  general  election  held  in  said  city  and  counties 
after  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  three  judges  of  said  court  shall  be 
elected,  who  shall  determine  by  lot  the  duration  of  their  several  terms  of 
office,  which  shall  be  respectively  four,  eight  and  twelve  years,  and  certify 
the  result  to  the  secretary  of  state;  and  every  four  years  thereafter  one 
judge  of  said  court  shall  be  elected  to  hold  office  for  the  term  of  twelve 
years.  The  term  of  office  of  such  judges  shall  begin  on  the  first  Monday 
in  January  next  ensuing  their  election.  The  judge  having  the  oldest 
license  to" practice  law  in  this  state,  shall  be  the  presiding  judge  of  said 
court. 

Sec.  17.  Upon  the  adoption  of  this  constitution  the  governor  shall 
appoint  three  judges  for  said  court,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  until  the 
first  Monday  of  January,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-seven,  and  until 
their  successors  shall  be  duly  qualified. 

Sec.  18.  The  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  at  St.  Louis  shall  be  the  clerk 
of  the  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals  until  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which 
he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  and  until  his  successor  shall 
be  duly  qualified. 

Sec.  19.  All  cases  which  may  be  pending  in  the  supreme  court  at  St. 
Louis  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  which  by  its  terms 
would  come  within  the  final  appellate  jurisdiction  of  the  St.  Louis  court  of 
appeals,  shall  be  certified  and  transferred  to  the  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals, 
to  be  heard  and  determined  by  said  court. 

Sec.  20.  All  cases  coming  to  said  court  by  appeal,  or  writ  of  error, 
shall  be  triable  at  the  expiration  of  fifteen  days  from  the  filing  of  the  tran- 
script in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  said  court. 

Sec.  21.  Upon  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  and  after  the  close  of 
the  next  regular  terms  of  the  supreme  court  at  St.  Louis  and  St.  Joseph,  as 
now  established  by  law,  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  at  St. 
Louis  and  St.  Joseph  shall  be  vacated,  and  said  clerks  shall  transmit  to  the 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court  at  Jefferson  City  all  the  books,  records,  docu- 
ments, transcripts  and  papers  belonging  to  their  respective  offices,  except 
those  required  by  section  nineteen  of  this  article,  to  be  turned  over  to  the 
St.  Louis  court  of  appeals;  and  said  records,  documents,  transcripts  and 
papers  shall  become  part  of  the  records,  documents,  transcripts  and  papers 
of  said  supreme  court  at  Jefferson  City,  and  said  court  shall  hear  and 
determine  all  the  cases  thus  transferred  as  other  cases. 

Sec.  22.  The  circuit  court  shall  have  jurisdiction  over  all  criminal 
cases  not  otherwise  provided  for  by  law;  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in 
all  civil  cases  not  otherwise  provided  for;  and  such  concurrent  jurisdiction 
with,  and  appellate  jurisdiction  from  inferior  tribunals  and  justices  of  the 
peace  as  is  or  may  be  provided  by  law.  It  shall  hold  its  terms  at  such 
times  and  places  in  each  county  as  may  be  by  law  directed;  but  at  least 
two  terms  shall  be  held  every  year  in  each  county. 

Sec.  23.  The  circuit  court  shall  exercise  a  superintending  control  over 
■criminal   courts,   probate   courts,   county   courts,   municipal   corporation 


144  CONSTITUTION  OF   MISSOURI. 

courts,  justices  of  the  peace,  and  all  inferior  tribunals  in  each  county  in 
their  respective  circuits. 

Sec  24.  The  state,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  constitution, 
shall  be  divided  into  convenient  circuits  of  contiguous  counties,  in  each  of 
which  circuits  one  circuit  judge  shall  be  elected ;  and  such  circuits  may  be 
changed,  enlarged,  diminished  or  abolished,  from  time  to  time,  as  public 
convenience  mav  require;  and  whenever  a  circuit  shall  be  abolished,  the 
office  of  the  judge  of  such  circuit  shall  cease. 

Sec.  25.  The  judges  of  the  circuit  courts  shall  be  elected  by  the  quali- 
fied voters  of  each  circuit;  shall  hold  their  offices  for  the  term  of  six  years, 
and  shall  reside  in  and  be  conservators  of  the  peace  within  their  respective 
circuits. 

Sec  26.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  judge  of  the  cir- 
cuit court  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years,  been  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  five  years,  a  qualified  voter  of  this  state  for  three 
years,  and  who  shall  not  be  a  resident  of  the  circuit  in  which  he  may  be 
elected  or  appointed. 

Sec  27.  The  circuit  court  of  St.  Louis  county  shall  be  composed  of 
five  iudges,  and  such  additional  number  as  the  general  assembly  may, 
from  time  to  time,  provide.  Each  of  said  judges  shall  sit  separately  for 
the  trial  of  causes  and  the  transaction  of  business  in  special  term.  The 
judges  of  said  circuit  court  may  sit  in  general  term,  for  the  purpose  of 
making  rules  of  court,  and  for  the  transaction  of  such  other  business  as 
may  be  provided  by  law,  at  such  time  as  they  may  determine;  but  shall  have 
no  "power  to  review  any  order,  decision  or  proceeding  of  the  court  in 
special  term.  The  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals  shall  have  exclusive  jurisdic- 
tion of  all  appeals  from,  and  writs  of  error  to  circuit  courts  of  St.  Charles, 
Lincoln  and  Warren  counties,  and  the  circuit  court  of  St.  Louis  county,  in 
special  term,  and  all  courts  of  record  having  criminal  jurisdiction  in  said 
counties. 

Sec  28.  In  any  circuit  composed  of  a  single  county,  the  general  assem- 
bly may,  from  time  time,  provide  for  one  or  more  additional  judges,  as  the 
business  shall  require ;  each  of  whom  shall  separately  try  cases  and  per- 
form all  other  duties  imposed  upon  circuit  judges. 

Sec  29.  If  there  be  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  judge  of  any  circuit,  or 
if  the  judge  be  sick,  absent,  or  from  any  cause  unable  to  hold  any  term,  or 
part  of  term  of  court,  in  any  county  in  his  circuit,  such  term,  or  part  of 
term  of  court,  may  be  held  by  a  judge  of  any  other  circuit;  and  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  judge  of  any  circuit,  any  term  of  court,  or  part  of  term  in  his 
circuit,  may  be  held  by  the  judge  of  any  other  circuit,  and  in  all  such  cases, 
or  in  any  case  where  the  judge  cannot  preside,  the  general  assembly  shall 
make  such  additional  provision  for  holding  court  as  may  be  found  necessary. 

Sec  30.  The  election  of  judges  of  all  courts  of  record  shall  be  held  as 
is  or  may  be  provided  by  law,  and  in  case  of  a  tie  or  contested  election  be- 
tween the  candidates,  the  same  shall  be  determined  as  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec  31.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  establish  crim- 
inal courts,  except  in  counties  having  a  population  exceeding  fifty  thousand. 

Sec  32.  In  case  the  office  of  judge  of  any  court  of  record  becomes  va- 
cant by  death,  resignation,  removal,  failure  to  qualify,  or  otherwise,  such 
vacancy  shall  be  filled  in  the  manner  provided  by  law. 

Sec  33.  The  judges  of  the  supreme,  appellate  and  circuit  courts, 
and  of  all  other  courts  of  record  receiving  a  salary,  shall,  at  stated  times, 


CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI.  145 

receive  such  compensation  for  their  services  as  is  or  may  be  prescribed  by- 
law ;  but  it  shall  not  be  increased  or  diminished  during  the  period  for  which 
they  were  elected. 

Sec.  34.  The  general  assembly  shall  establish  in  every  county  a  pro- 
bate court,  which  shall  be  a  court  of  record,  and  consist  of  one  judge,  who 
shall  be  elected.  Said  court  shall  have  jurisdiction  over  all  matters  per- 
taining to  probate  business,  to  granting  letters  testamentary  and  of  admin- 
istration, the  appointment  of  guardians  and  curators  of  minors  and  persons 
of  unsound  mind,  settling  the  accounts  of  executors,  administrators,  cura- 
tors and  guardians,  and  the  sale  or  leasing  of  lands  by  administrators, 
curators  and  guardians;  and,  also,  jurisdiction  over  all  matters  relating  to 
apprentices:  Provided,  That  until  the  general  assembly  shall  provide  by 
law  for  a  uniform  system  of  probate  courts,  the  jurisdiction  of  probate 
courts  heretofore  established  shall  remain  as  now  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  35.  Probate  courts  shall  be  uniform  in  their  organization,  juris- 
diction, duties  and  practice,  except  that  a  separate  clerk  may  be  provided 
for,  or  the  judge  may  be  required  to  act,  cx-qfficio,  as  his  own  clerk. 

Sec.  36.  In  each  county  there  shall  be  a  county  court,  which  shall  be 
a  court  of  record,  and  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  transact  all  county  and 
such  other  business  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  The  court  shall  consist 
of  one  or  more  judges,  not  exceeding  three,  of  whom  the  probate  judge 
may  be  one,  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  37.  In  each  county  there  shall  be  appointed,  or  elected,  as  many 
justices  of  the  peace  as  the  public  good  may  require,  whose  powers,  duties 
and  duration  in  office  shall  be  regulated  by  law. 

Sec.  38.  All  writs  and  process  shall  run,  and  all  prosecutions  shall  be 
conducted  in  the  name  of  the  "state  of  Missouri;"  all  writs  shall  be 
attested  by  the  clerk  of  the  court  from  which  they  shall  be  issued;  and  all 
indictments  shall  conclude  "  against  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  state." 

Sec  39.  The  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals  and  supreme  court  shall 
appoint  their  own  clerks.  The  clerks  of  all  other  courts  of  record  shall 
be  elective,  for  such  terms  and  in  such  manner  as  may  be  directed  by  law; 
-provided,  that  the  term  of  office  of  no  existing  clerk  of  any  court  of  record, 
not  abolished  by  this  constitution,  shall  be  affected  by  such  law. 

Sec.  40.  In  case  there  be  a  tie,  or  a  contested  election  between  can- 
didates for  clerk  of  any  court  of  record,  the  same  shall  be  determined 
in  such  manner  as  may  be  directed  by  law. 

Sec.  41.  In  case  of  the  inability  of  any  judge  of  a  court  of  record  to 
discharge  the  duties  of  his  office  with  efficiency,  by  reason  of  continued 
sickness,  or  physical  or  mental  infirmity,  it  shall  be  in  the  power  of  the 
general  assembly,  two  thirds  of  the  members  of  each  house  concurring, 
with  the  approval  of  the  governor,  to  remove  such  judge  from  office;  but 
each  house  shall  state  on  its  respective  journal  the  cause  for  which  it  shall 
wish  his  removal,  and  give  him  notice  thereof,  and  he  shall  have  the  right 
to  be  heard  in  his  defense,  in  such  manner  as  the  general  assembly  shall 
by  law  direct. 

Sec  42.  All  courts  now  existing  in  this  state,  not  named  or  provided 
for  in  this  constitution,  shall  continue  until  the  expiration  of  the  terms  of 
office  of  the  several  judges;  and  as  such  terms  expire,  the  business  of  said 
court  shall  vest  in  the  court  having  jurisdiction  thereof  in  the  counties 
where  said  courts  now  exist,  and  all  the  records  and  papers  shall  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  proper  courts. 
10 


146  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

Sec.  43.  The  supreme  court  of  the  state  shall  designate  what  opin- 
ions delivered  by  the  court,  or  the  judge  thereof,  may  be  printed  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  state;  and  the  general  assembly  shall  make  no  provision  for 
payment  by  the  state  for  the  publication  of  any  case  decided  by  said  court, 
not  so  designated. 

Sec.  44.  All  judicial  decisions  in  this  state  shall  be  free  for  publica- 
tion by  any  person. 

ARTICLE   VII. — IMPEACHMENTS. 

Section  1.  The  governor,  lieutenant  governor,  secretary  of  state, 
state  auditor,  state  treasurer,  attorney  general,  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic schools,  and  judges  of  the  supreme,  circuit  and  criminal  courts,  and 
of  the  St.  Louis  court  of  appeals,  shall  be  liable  to  impeachment  for  high 
crimes  or  misdemeanors,  and  for  misconduct,  habits  of  drunkenness,  or  op- 
pression in  office. 

Sec.  2.  The  house  of  representatives  shall  have  the  sole  power  of 
impeachment.  All  impeachments  shall  be  tried  by  the  senate,  and,  when 
sitting  for  that  purpose,  the  senators  shall  be  sworn  to  do  justice  according 
to  law  and  evidence.  When  the  governor  of  the  state  is  on  trial,  the  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  shall  preside.  No  person  shall  be  convicted 
without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  senators  present.  But  judg- 
ment in  such  cases  shall  not  extend  any  further  than  removal  from  office, 
and  disqualification  to  hold  any  office  of  honor,  trust  or  profit  under  this 
state.  The  party,  whether  convicted  or  acquitted,  shall,  nevertheless,  be 
liable  to  prosecution,  trial,  judgment  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

ARTICLE  VIII .— SUFFRAC.E  and  elections. 

Section  1.  The  general  election  shall  be  held  biennially  on  the  Tues- 
day next  following  the  first  Monday  in  November.  The  first  general  elec- 
tion under  this  constitution  shall  be  held  on  that  day,  in  the  year  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  seventy-six;  but  the  general  assembly  may,  by 
law,  fix  a  different  day,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of  each  house  con- 
senting thereto. 

Sec.  2.  Every  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  every  male  per- 
son of  foreign  birth,  who  may  have  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  according  to  law,  not  less  than  one  year  nor  more 
than  five  }rears  before  he  offers  to  vote,  who  is  over  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  possessing  the  following  qualifications,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at 
all  elections  by  the  people: 

First,  He  shall  have  resided  in  the  state  one  year  immediately  preceding 
the  election  at  which  he  offers  to  vote. 

Second,  He  shall  have  resided  in  the  county,  city  or  town  where  he 
shall  offer  to  vote,  at  least  sixtv  days  immediately  preceding  the  election. 

Sec.  3.  All  elections  by  the  people  shall  be  by  ballot;  every  ballot  voted 
shall  be  numbered  in  the  order  in  which  it  shall  be  received,  and  the 
number  recorded  by  the  election  officers  on  the  list  of  voters,  opposite  the 
name  of  the  voter  who  presents  the  ballot.  The  election  officers  shall  be 
sworn  or  affirmed  not  to  disclose  how  any  voter  shall  have  voted,  unless 
required  to  do  so  as  witnesses  in  a  judicial  proceeding:  Provided,  That  in  all 
cases  of  contested  elections  the  ballots  cast  may  be  counted,  compared  with 
the  list  of  voters,  and  examined  under  such  safeguards  and  regulations  as 
may  be  prescribed  by  law. 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  117 

Sec.  4.  Voters  shall,  in  all  cases  except  treason,  felony  or  breach  of 
the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  elections, 
and  in  going  to  and  returning  therefrom. 

Sec.  5.  The  general  assembly  shall  provide,  by  law,  for  the  registra- 
tion of  all  voters  in  cities  and  counties  having  a  population  of  more  than 
one  'hundred  thousand  inhabitants,  and  may  provide  for  such  registration  in 
cities  having  a  population  exceeding  twenty-five  thousand  inhabitants  and 
not  exceeding  one  hundred  thousand,  but  not  otherwise. 

Sec.  6.  All  elections,  by  persons  in  a  representative  capacity,  shall  be 
■viva  voce. 

Sec.  7.  For  fhe  purpose  of  voting,  no  person  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
gained  a  residence  by  reason  of  his  presence,  or  lost  it  by  reason  of  his  ab- 
sence, while  employed  in  the  service,  either  civil  or  military,  of  this  state, 
or  of  the  United  States,  nor  while  engaged  in  the  navigation  of  the  waters 
of  the  state  or  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the  high  seas,  nor  while  a  student 
of  any  institution  of  learning,  nor  while  kept  in  a  poor  house  or  other  asy- 
lum at  public  expense,  nor  while  confined  in  public  prison. 

Sec.  8.  No  person,  while  kept  at  any  poor  house,  or  other  asylum,  at 
public  expense,  nor  while  confined  in  any  public  prison,  shall  be  entitled  to 
vote  at  any  election  under  the  laws  of  this  state. 

Sec.  9.  The  trial  and  determination  of  contested  elections  of  all  public 
officers,  whether  state,  judicial,  municipal,  or  local,  .except  governor  and 
lieutenant  governor,  shall  be  by  the  courts  of  law,  or  by  one  or  more  of  the 
judges  thereof.  The  general  assembly  shall,  by  general  law,  designate  the 
court  or  judge  by  whom  the  several  classes  of  election  contests  shall  be 
tried,  and  regulate  the  manner  of  trial  and  all  matters  incident  thereto;  but 
no  such  law,  assigning  jurisdiction  or  regulating  its  exercise,  shall  apply  to 
any  contest  arising  out  of  any  election  held  before  said  law  shall  take  effect. 

Sec.  10.  The  general  assembly  may  enact  laws  excluding  from  the 
right  of  voting  all  persons  convicted  of  felony  or  other  infamous  crime,  or 
misdemeanors  connected  with  the  exercise  of  the  right  of  suffrage. 

Sec.  11.  No  officer,  soldier  or  marine,  in  the  regular  army  or  navy  of 
the  United  States,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  in  this  state. 

Sec.  12.  No  person  shall  be  elected  or  appointed  to  any  office  in  this 
state,  civil  or  military,  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who 
shall  not  have  resided  in  this  state  one  year  next  preceding  his  election  or 
appointment. 

ARTICLE  IX. — counties,  cities  and  towns, 
m 

Section  1.  The  several  counties  of  this  state,  as  they  now  exist,  are 
hereby  recognized  as  legal  subdivisions  of  the  state. 

Sec.  2.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  remove  the 
county  seat  of  any  county,  but  the  removal  of  county  seats  shall  be  pro- 
vided for  by  general  law ;  and  no  county  seat  shall  be  removed  unless  two- 
thirds  of  the  qualified  voters  of  the  county,  voting  on  the  proposition  at  a 
general  election,  vote  therefor;  and  no  such  proposition  shall,  be  sub- 
mitted oftener  than  once  in  five  years.  All  additions  to  a  town,  which 
is  a  county  seat,  shall  be  included,  considered  and  regarded  as  part  of  the 
county  seat. 

Sec.  3.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  establish  any 
new  county  with  a  territory  of  less  than  four  hundred  and  ten  square  miles, 
nor  to  reduce  anv  county,  now  established,  to  a  less  area  or  less  population 


148  CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI. 

than  required  for  a  ratio  of  representation  existing  at  the  time;  but  when 
a  new  county  is  formed,  having  a  population  less  than  a  ratio  of  represent- 
ation, it  shall  be  attached  for  representative  purposes  to  the  county  from 
which  the  greatest  amount  of  territory  is  taken  until  such  ratio  shall  be 
obtained.  No  county  shall  be  divided  or  have  any  portion  stricken  there- 
from, without  submitting  the  question  to  a  vote  of  the  people  of  the  county, 
nor  unless  a  majority  of  all  the  qualified  voters  of  the  county  or  counties 
thus  affected,  voting  on  the  question,  shall  vote  therefor;  nor  shall  any  new 
county  be  established,  any  line  of  which  shall  run  within  ten  miles  of  the 
then  existing  county  seat  of  any  county.  In  all  cases  of  the  establishment 
of  any  new  county,  the  new  county  shall  be  held  for  and  obliged  to  pay  its 
ratable  proportion  of  all  the  liabilities  then  existing  of  the  county  or  coun- 
ties from  which  said  new  county  shall  be  formed. 

Sec  4.  No  part  of  the  territory  of  any  county  shall  be  stricken  off  and 
added  to  an  adjoining  county,  without  submitting  the  question  to  the  qual- 
ified voters  of  the  counties  immediately  interested,  nor  unless  a  majority  of 
all  the  qualified  voters  of  the  counties  thus  affected,  voting  on  the  question, 
shall  vote  therefor.  When  any  part  of  a  county  is  stricken  off  and  attached 
to  another  county,  the  part  stricken  off  shall  be  holden  for,  and  obliged  to 
pay  its  proportion  of  all  the  liabilities  then  existing  of  the  county  from 
which  it  is  taken. 

Sec  5.  When  any  new  county,  formed  from  contiguous  territory  taken 
from  older  counties,  or  when  any  county  to  which  territory  shall  be  added 
taken  from  an  adjoining  county,  shall  fail  to  pay  the  proportion  of  indebt- 
edness of  such  territory,  to  the  county  or  counties  from  which  it  is  taken, 
then  it  may  be  lawful  for  any  county  from  which  such  territory  has  been 
taken,  to  levy  and  collect,  by  taxation,  the  due  proportion  of  indebtedness 
of  such  territory,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  the  territory  had  not  been 
stricken  off. 

Sec  6.  No  county,  township,  city  or  other  municipality,  shall  here- 
after become  a  subscriber  to  the  capital  stock  of  any  railroad  or  other  cor- 
poration or  association,  or  make  appropriation  or  donation,  or  loan  its  credit 
to,  or  in  aid  of  any  such  corporation  or  association,  or  to  or  in  aid  of  any 
college  or  institution  of  learning,  or  other  institution,  whether  created  for 
or  to  be  controlled  by  the  state  or  others.  All  authority  heretofore  con- 
ferred for  any  of  the  purposes  aforesaid  by  the  general  assembly,  or  by 
the  charter  of  any  corporation,  is  hereby  repealed:  Provided,  however \ 
That  nothing  in  this  constitution  contained  shall  affect  the  right  of  any 
such  municipality  to  make  such  subscription,  where  the  same  has  been  au- 
thorized under  existing  laws  by  a  vote  of  the  people  of  such  municipality 
prior  to  its  adoption,  or  to  prevent  the  issue  of  renewal  bonds  or  the  use  of 
such  other  means  as  are  or  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  for  the  liquidation  or 
payment  of  such  subscription,  or  of  any  existing  indebtedness. 

Sec  7.  The  general  assembly  shall  provide,  by  general  laws,  for  the 
organization  and  classification  of  cities  and  towns.  The  number  of  such 
classes  shall  not  exceed  four;  and  the  power  of  each  class  shall  be  defined 
by  general  laws,  so  that  all  such  municipal  corporations  of  the  same  class 
shall  possess  the  same  powers  and  be  subject  to  the  same  restrictions.  The 
general  assembly  shall  also  make  provisions,  by  general  law,  whereby  any 
city,  town  or  village,  existing  by  virtue  of  any  special  or  local  law,  may 
elect  to  become  subject  to,  and  be  governed  by,  the  general  laws  relating 
to  such  corporations. 


CONSTITUTION   OF    MISSOURI.  149 

Sec.  8.  The  general  assembly  may  provide,  by  general  law,  for  town- 
ship organization,  under  which  any  county  may  organize  whenever  a  ma- 
jority of  the  legal  voters  of  such  county,  voting  at  any  general  election, 
shall  so  determine ;  and  whenever  any  county  shall  adopt  township  organ- 
ization, so  much  of  this  constitution  as  provides  for  the  management  of 
county  affairs,  and  the  assessment  and  collection  of  the  revenue  by  county 
officers,  in  conflict  with  such  general  law  for  township  organization,  may 
be  dispensed  with,  and  the  business  of  said  county,  and  the  local  concerns 
of  the  several  townships  therein,  may  be  transacted  in  such  manner  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  law :  Provided,  That  the  justices  of  the  county  court  in 
such  case  shall  not  exceed  three  in  number. 

Sec  9.  In  any  county  which  shall  have  adopted  "  Township  Organiz- 
ation," the  question  of  continuing  the  same  may  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of 
the  electors  of  such  county  at  a  general  election,  in  the  manner  that  shall 
be  provided  by  law;  and  if  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  upon  that 
question  shall  be  against  township  organization,  it  shall  cease  in  said 
county;  and  all  laws  in  force  in  relation  to  counties  not  having  township 
organization  shall  immediately  take  effect  and  be  in  force  in  such  county. 

Sec.  10.  There  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  in  each  county, 
at  the  time  and  places  of  electing  representatives,  a  sheriff  and  coroner. 
They  shall  serve  for  two  years,  and  until  their  successors  be  duly  elected 
and  qualified,  unless  sooner  removed  for  malfeasance  in  office,  and  shall  be 
eligible  only  four  years  in  any  period  of  six.  Before  entering  on  the  duties 
of  their  office,  they  shall  give  security  in  the  amount  and  in  such  manner 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  Whenever  a  county  shall  be  hereafter 
established,  the  governor  shall  appoint  a  sheriff  and  a  coroner  therein,  who 
shall  continue  in  office  until  the  next  succeeding  general  election,  and  until 
their  successors  shall  be  duly  elected  and  qualified. 

Sec.  11.  Whenever  a  vacancy  shall  happen  in  the  office  of  sheriff  or 
coroner,  the  same  shall  be  filled  by  the  county  court.  If  such  vacancy  hap- 
pen in  the  office  of  sheriff  more  than  nine  months  prior  to  the  time  of 
holding  a  general  election,  such  county  court  shall  immediately  order  a 
special  election  to  fill  the  same,  and  the  person  by  it  appointed  shall  hold 
office  until  the  person  chosen  at  such  election  shall  be  duly  qualified; 
otherwise,  the  person  appointed  by  such  county  court  shall  hold  office 
until  the  person  chosen  at  such  general  election  shall  be  duly  qualified. 
If  any  vacancy  happen  in  the  office  of  coroner,  the  same  shall  be  filled  for 
the  remainder  of  the  term  by  such  county  court.  No  person  elected  or 
appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  either  of  said  offices  shall  thereby  be  ren- 
dered ineligible  for  the  next  succeeding  term. 

Sec.  12.  The  general  assembly  shall,  by  a  law  uniform  in  its  opera- 
tion, provide  for  and  regulate  the  fees  of  all  county  officers,  and  for  this 
purpose  may  classify  the  counties  by  population. 

Sec.  13.  The  fees  of  no  executive  or  ministerial  officer  of  any  county 
or  municipality,  exclusive  of  the  salaries  actually  paid  to  his  necessary 
deputies,  shall  exceed  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for  any  one  year. 
Every  such  officer  shall  make  return,  quarterly,  to  the  county  court  of  all 
fees  by  him  received,  and  of  the  salaries  by  him  actually  paid  to  his  depu- 
ties or  assistants,  stating  the  same  in  detail,  and  verifying  the  same  by  his 
affidavit;  and  for  any  statement  or  omission  in  such  return,  contrary  to 
truth,  such  officer  shall  be  liable  to  the  penalties  of  willful  and  corrupt 
perjury. 


150  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

Sec.  14.  Except  as  otherwise  directed  by  this  constitution,  the  general 
assembly  shall  provide  for  the  election  or  appointment  of  such  other 
county,  township  and  municipal  officers,  as  public  convenience  may 
require ;  and  their  terms  of  office  and  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law ; 
but  no  term  of  office  shall  exceed  four  years. 

Sec  15.  ,  In  all  counties  having  a  city  therein  containing  over  one  hun- 
dred thousand  inhabitants,  the  city  and  county  government  thereof  may 
be  consolidated  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Sec  16.  Any  city  having  a  population  of  more  than  one  hundred 
thousand  inhabitants,  may  frame  a  charter  for  its  own  government,  con- 
sistent with  and  subject  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  state,  by 
causing  a  board  of  thirteen  freeholders,  who  shall  have  been  for  at  least 
five  years  qualified  voters  thereof,  to  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of 
such  city  at  any  general  or  special  election;  which  board  shall,  within 
ninety  days  after  such  election,  return  to  the  chief  magistrate  of  such  city 
a  draft  of  such  charter,  signed  by  the  members  of  such  board  or  a  majority 
of  them.  Within  thirty  days  thereafter,  such  proposed  charter  shall  be 
submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  such  city,  at  a  general  or  special  elec- 
tion, and  if  four-sevenths  of  such  qualified  voters  voting  thereat,  shall  rat- 
ify the  same,  it  shall,  at  the  end  of  thirty  days  thereafter,  become  the  char- 
ter of  such  city,  and  supersede  any  existing  charter  and  amendments 
thereof.  A  duplicate  certificate  shall  be  made,  setting  forth  the  charter 
proposed  and  its  ratification,  which  shall  be  signed  by  the  chief  magistrate 
of  such  city,  and  authenticated  by  its  corporate  seal.  One  of  such  certifi- 
cates shall  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state,  and  the  other, 
after  being  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  recorder  of  deeds  for  the  county 
in  which  such  city  lies,  shall  be  deposited  among  the  archives  of  such  city, 
and  all  courts  shall  take  judicial  notice  thereof.  Such  charter,  so  adopted, 
may  be  amended  by  a  proposal  therefor,  made  by  the  law-making  author- 
ities of  such  city,  published  for  at  least  thirty  days  in  three  newspapers  of 
largest  circulation  in  such  city,  one  of  which  shall  be  a  newspaper  printed 
in  the  German  language,  and  accepted  by  three-fifths  of  the  qualified 
voters  of  such  city,  voting  at  a  general  or  special  election,  and  not  other- 
wise; but  such  charter  shall  always  be  in  harmony  with  and  subject  to  the 
constitution  and  laws  of  the  state. 

Sec  17.  It  shall  be  a  feature  of  all  such  charters  that  they  shall  pro- 
vide, among  other  things,  for  a  mayor  or  chief  magistrate,  and  two  houses 
of  legislation,  one  of  which  at  least  shall  be  elected  by  general  ticket;  and 
in  submitting  any  such  charter  or  amendment  thereto  to  the  qualified 
voters  of  such  city,  any  alternative  section  or  article  may  be  presented  for 
the  choice  of  the  voters,  and  may  be  voted  on  separately,  and  accepted  or 
rejected  separately,  without  prejudice  to  other  articles  or  sections  of  the 
charter  or  any  amendment  thereto. 

Sec  18.  In  cities  or  counties  having  more  than  two  hundred  thousand 
inhabitants,  no  person  shall,  at  the  same  time,  be  a  state  officer  and  an 
officer  of  any  county,  city  or  other  municipality;  and  no  person  shall,  at 
the  same  time,  fill  two  municipal  offices,  either  in  the  same  or  different 
municipalities;  but  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  notaries  public,  justices 
of  the  peace  or  officers  of  the  militia. 

Sec  19.  The  corporate  authorities  of  any  county,  city,  or  other  munic- 
ipal subdivision  of  this  state,  having  more  than  two  hundred  thousand  in- 
habitants, which  has  already  exceeded  the  limit  of  indebtedness  prescribed 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  151 

in  section  twelve  of  article  X  of  this  constitution,  may,  in  anticipation  of 
the  customary  annual  revenue  thereof,  appropriate,  during  any  fiscal  year, 
toward  the  general  governmental  expenses  thereof,  a  sum  not  exceeding 
seven-eighths  of  the  entire  revenue  applicable  to  general  governmental 
purposes  (exclusive  of  the  payment  of  the  bonded  debt  of  such  county,  city 
or  municipality)  that  was  actually  raised  by  taxation  alone  during  the  pre- 
ceding fiscal  year;  but  until  such  excess  of  indebtedness  cease,  no  further 
bonded  debt  shall  be  incurred,  except  for  the  renewal  of  other  bonds. 

ST.  LOUIS. 

Sec.  20.  The  city  of  St.  Louis  may  extend  its  limits  so  as  to  embrace 
the  parks  now  without  its  boundaries,  and  other  convenient  and  contiguous 
territory,  and  frame  a  charter  for  the  government  of  the  city  thus  enlarged, 
upon  the  following  conditions,  that  is  to  say:  The  council  of  the  city  and 
county  court  of  the  county  of  St.  Louis,  shall,  at  the  request  of  the  mayor 
of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  meet  in  joint  session  and  order  an  election,  to  be  held 
as  provided  for  general  elections,  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  city  and 
county,  of  a  board  of  thirteen  freeholders  of  such  city  or  county,  whose 
duty  shall  be  to  propose  a  scheme  for  the  enlargement  and  definition  of  the 
boundaries  of  the  city,  the  reorganization  of  the  government  of  the  county, 
the  adjustment  of  the  relations  between  the  city  thus  enlarged  and  the 
residue  of  St.  Louis  county  and  the  government  of  the  city  thus  enlarged, 
by  a  charter  in  harmony  with  and  subject  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of 
Missouri,  which  shall,  among  other  things,  provide  for  a  chief  executive 
and  two  houses  of  legislation,  one  of  which  shall  be  elected  by  general 
ticket,  which  scheme  and  charter  shall  be  signed  in  duplicate  by  said  board 
or  a  majority  of  them,  and  one  of  them  returned  to  the  mayor  of  the  city 
and  the  other  to  the  presiding  justice  of  the  county  court  within  ninety 
days  after  the  election  of  such  board.  Within  thirty  days  thereafter  the 
city  council  and  county  court  shall  submit  such  scheme  to  the  qualified 
voters  of  the  whole  county,  and  such  charter  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the 
city  so  enlarged,  at  an  election  to  be  held  not  less  than  twenty  nor  more 
than  thirty  days  after  the  order  therefor;  and  if  a  majority  of  such  qualified 
voters,  voting  at  such  election,  shall  ratify  such  scheme  and  charter,  then 
such  scheme  shall  become  the  organic  law  of  the  county  and  city,  and  such 
charter  the  organic  law  of  the  city,  and  at  the  end  of  sixty  days  thereafter 
shall  take  the  place  of  and  supersede  the  charter  of  St.  Louis,  and  all 
amendments  thereof,  and  all  special  laws  relating  to  St.  Louis  county  in- 
consistent with  such  scheme. 

Sec  21.  A  copy  of  such  scheme  and  charter,  with  a  certificate  thereto 
appended,  signed  by  the  mayor  and  authenticated  by  the  seal  of  the  city, 
and  also  signed  by  the  presiding  justice  of  the  county  court  and  authenti- 
cated by  the  seal  of  the  county,  setting  forth  the  submission  of  such  scheme 
and  charter  to  the  qualified  voters  of  such  county  and  city  and  its  ratifica- 
tion, by  them,  shall  be  made  in  duplicate,  one  of  which  shall  be  deposited 
in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state,  and  the  other,  after  being  recorded  in 
the  office  of  the  recorder  of  deeds  of  St.  Louis  county,  shall  be  deposited 
among  the  archives  of  the  city,  and  thereafter  all  courts  shall  take  judicial 
notice  thereof. 

Sec  22.  The  charter  so  ratified  may  be  amended  at  intervals  of  not 
less  than  two  years,  by  proposals"  therefor,  submitted  by  the  law-making 
authorities  of  the  city  to  the  qualified  voters  thereof  at  a  general  or  special 


152  CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI. 

election,  held  at  least  sixty  days  after  the  publication  of  such  proposals, 
and  accepted  by  at  least  three-fifths  of  the  qualified  voters  voting  thereat. 

Sec.  23.  Such  charter  and  amendments  shall  always  be  in  harmony 
with,  and  subject  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  Missouri,  except  only, 
that  provision  ma}"  be  made  for  the  graduation  of  the  rate  of  taxation  for 
city  purposes  in  the  portions  of  the  city  which  are  added,  thereto  by  the 
proposed  enlargement  of  its  boundaries.  In  the  adjustment  of  the  rela- 
tions between  city  and  county,  the  city  shall  take  upon  itse.l  *he  entire 
park  tax;  and  in  consideration  of  the  city  becoming  the  propria  cor  of  all 
the  county  buildings  and  property  within  its  enlarged  limits,  it  shall  as- 
sume the  whole  of  the  existing  county  debt,  and  thereafter  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  Louis  shall  be  independent  of  each  other.  The  city  shall  be 
exempted  from  all  county  taxation.  The  judges  of  the  county  court  shall 
be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  outside  of  the  city.  The  city,  as  en- 
larged, shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  representation  in  the  general  assem- 
bly, collect  the  state  revenue,  and  perform  all  other  functions  in  relation  to 
the  state  in  the  same  manner  as  if  it  were  a  county,  as  in  this  constitution 
defined;  and  the  residue  of  the  county  shall  remain  a  legal  county  of  the 
state  of  Missouri,  under  the  name  of  the  county  of  St.  Louis.  IJntil  the 
next  apportionment  for  senators  and  representatives  in  the  general  assem- 
bly, the  city  shall  have  six  senators  and  fifteen  representatives,  and  the 
county  one  senator  and  two  representatives,  the  same  being  the  number  of 
senators  and  representatives  to  which  the  county  of  St.  Louis,  as  now  or- 
ganized, is  entitled  under  sections  eight  and  eleven,  of  article  IV,  of  this 
constitution. 

Sec.  24.  The  county  and  city  of  St.  Louis,  as  now  existing,  shall  con- 
tinue to  constitute  the  eighth  judicial  circuit,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  all 
courts  of  record,  except  the  county  court,  shall  continue  until  otherwise 
provided  by  law. 

Sec  25.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  this  article,  the  general 
assembly  shall  have  the  same  power  over  the  city  and  county  of  St.  Louis 
that  it  has  over  other  cities  and  counties  of  this  state. 

ARTICLE   X. — REVENUE   AND  TAXATION. 

Section  1.  The  taxing  power  may  be  exercised  by  the  general  as- 
sembly for  state  purposes,  and  by  counties  and  other  municipal  corpora- 
tions, under  authority  granted  to  them  by  the  general  assembly,  for 
county  and  other  corporate  purposes. 

Sec  2.  The  power  to  tax  corporations  and  corporate  property  shall 
not  be  surrendered  or  suspended  by  act  of  the  general  assembly. 

Sec.  3.  Taxes  may  be  levied  and  collected  for  public  purposes  only. 
They  shall  be  uniform  upon  the  same  class  of  subjects  within  the  territorial 
limits  of  the  authority  levying  the  tax;  and  all  taxes  shall  be  levied  and 
collected  by  general  laws. 

Sec.  ±.  All  property  subject  to  taxation  shall  be  taxed  in  proportion 
to  its  value. 

Sec.  5.  All  railroad  corporations  in  this  state,  or  doing  business 
therein,  shall  be  subject  to  taxation  for  state,  county,  school,  municipal  and 
other  purposes,  on  the  real  and  personal  property  owned  or  used  by  them, 
and  on  their  gross  earnings,  their  net  earnings,  their  franchises  and  their 
capital  stock. 

Sec.  6.     The  property,  real  and  personal,  of  the  state,  counties  and 


CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI.  153 

other  municipal  corporations,  and  cemeteries,  shall  be  exempt  from  taxa- 
tion. Lots  in  incorporated  cities  or  towns,  or  within  one  mile  of  the  limits 
of  any  such  city  or  town,  to  the  extent  of  one  acre,  and  lots  one  mile  or 
more  distant  from  such  cities  or  towns,  to  the  extent  of  five  acres,  with  the 
buildings  thereon,  may  be  exempted  from  taxation,  when  the  same  are 
used  exclusively  for  religious  worship,  for  schools,  or  for  purposes  purely 
charitable;  also,  such  property,  real  or  personal,  as  may  be  used  exclusively 
for  agricultural  or  horticultural  societies:  Provided,  That  such  exemptions 
shall  be  only  by  general  law. 

Sec  7.  All  laws  exempting  property  from  taxation,  other  than  the 
property  above  enumerated,  shall  be  void. 

Sec.  8.  The  state  tax  on  property,  exclusive  of  the  tax  necessary  to 
pay  the  bonded  debt  ot  the  state,  shall  not  exceed  twenty  cents  on  the 
hundred  dollars  valuation ;  and  whenever  the  taxable  property  of  the  state 
shall  amount  to  nine  hundred  million  dollars,  the  rate  shall  not  exceed  fif- 
teen cents. 

Sec  9.  No  county,  city,  town,  or  other  municipal  corporation,  nor  the 
inhabitants  thereof,  nor  the  property  therein,  shall  be  released  or  discharged 
from  their  or  its  proportionate  share  of  taxes  to  be  levied  for  state  pur- 
poses, nor  shall  commutation  for  such  taxes  be  authorized  in  any  form 
whatsoever. 

Sec  10.  The  general  assembly  shall  not  impose  taxes  upon  counties, 
cities,  towns  or  other  municipal  corporations;  or  upon  the  inhabitants  or 
property  thereof,  for  county,  city,  town  or  other  municipal  purposes;  but 
may,  by  general  laws,  vest  in  the  corporate  authorities  thereof,  the  power 
to  assess  and  collect  taxes  for  such  purposes. 

Sec  11.  Taxes  for  county,  city,  town  and  school  purposes,  may  be 
levied  on  all  subjects  and  objects  of  taxation ;  but  the  valuation  of  property 
therefor  shall  not  exceed  the  valuation  of  the  same  property  in  such  town, 
city  or  school  district  for  state  and  county  purposes.  For  county  purposes 
the  annual  rate  on  property,  in  counties  having  six  million  dollars  or  less, 
shall  not,  in  the  aggregate,  exceed  fifty  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valua- 
tion; in  counties  having  six  million  dollars  and  under  ten  million  dollars, 
said  rate  shall  not  exceed  forty  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation ;  in 
counties  having  ten  million  dollars  and  under  thirty  million  dollars,  said 
rate  shall  not  exceed  fifty  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation;  and  in 
counties  having  thirty  million  dollars  or  more,  said  rate  shall  not  exceed 
thirty-five  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation.  For  city  and  town  pur- 
poses the  annual  rate  on  property  in  cities  and  towns  having  thirty  thou- 
sand inhabitants  or  more,  shall  not,  in  the  aggregate,  exceed  one  hundred 
cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation;  in  cities  and  towns  having  less 
than  thirty  thousand  and  over  ten  thousand  inhabitants,  said  .rate  shall 
not  exceed  sixty  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation;  in  cities  and 
towns  having  less  than  ten  thousand  and  more  than  one  thousand  inhabi- 
tants, said  rate  shall  not  exceed  fifty  cents  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation; 
and  in  towns  having  one  thousand  inhabitants  or  less,  said  rate  shall  not 
exceed  twenty-five  cents  on  the  hundred  valuation.  For  school  purposes  in 
districts,  the  annual  rate  on  property  shall  not  exceed  forty  cents  on  the 
hundred  dollars  valuation:  Provided,  The  aforesaid  annual  rates  for  school 
purposes  may  be  increased,  in  districts  formed  of  cities  and  towns,  to  an 
amount  not  to  exceed  one  dollar  on  the  hundred  dollars  valuation ;  and  in 
other  districts  to  an  amount  not  to  exceed  sixty-five  cents  on  the  hundred 


154  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

dollars  valuation,  on  the  condition  that  a  majority  of  the  voters  who  are 
tax-payers,  voting  at  an  election  held  to  decide  the  question,  vote  for  said 
increase.  For  the  purpose  of  erecting  public  buildings  in  counties,  cities 
or  school  districts,  the  rates  of  taxation  herein  limited  may  be  increased 
when  the  rate  of  such  increase  and  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended 
shall  have  been  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people,  and  two-thirds  of  the 
qualified  voters  of  such  county,  city,  or  school  district,  voting  at  such  elec- 
tion shall  vote  therefor.  The  rate  herein  allowed  to  each  county  shall  be 
ascertained  by  the  amount  of  taxable  property  therein,  according  to  the 
last  assessment  for  state  and  county  purposes,  and  the  rate  allowed  to  each 
city  or  town  by  the  number  of  inhabitants,  according  to  the  last  census 
taken  under  the  authority  of  the  state,  or  of  the  United  States;  said  re- 
strictions, as  to  rates,  shall  apply  to  taxes  of  every  kind  and  description, 
whether  general  or  special,  except  taxes  to  pay  valid  indebtedness  now  ex- 
isting or  bonds  which  may  be  issued  in  renewal  of  such  indebtedness. 

Sec.  12.  No  county,  city,  town,  township,  school  district  or  other  polit- 
ical corporation  or  subdivision  of  the  state,  shall  be  allowed  to  become 
indebted  in  any  manner  or  for  any  purpose  to  an  amount  exceeding  in  any 
year  the  income  and  revenue  provided  for  such  year,  without  the  assent  of 
two-thirds  the  voters  thereof,  voting  at  an  election  to  be  held  for  that 
purpose;  nor  in  cases  requiring  such  assent  shall  any  indebtedness  be 
allowed  to  be  incurred  to  an  amount  including  existing  indebtedness,  in 
the  aggregate,  exceeding  five  per  centum  on  the  value  of  the  taxable  prop- 
erty therein,  to  be  ascertained  by  the  assessment  next  before  the  last  as- 
sessment for  state  and  county,  purposes,  previous  to  the  incurring  of  such 
indebtedness:  Provided,  That  with  such  assent  any  county  may  be  allowed 
to  become  indebted  to  a  larger  amount  for  the  erection  of  a  court  house  or 
jail:  And  -provided  further,  That  any  county,  city,  town,  township,  school 
district  or  other  political  corporation,  or  subdivision  of  the  state,  incurring 
any  indebtedness,  requiring  the  assent  of  the  voters  as  aforesaid,  shall,  be- 
fore or  at  the  time  of  doing  so,  provide  for  the  collection  of  an  annual  tax, 
sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  on  such  indebtedness  as  it  falls  due,  and  also 
to  constitute  a  sinking  fund  for  payment  of  the  principal  thereof,  within 
twenty  years  from  the  time  of  contracting  the  same. 

Sec  13.  Private  property  shall  not  be  taken  or  sold  for  the  payment 
of  the  corporate  debt  of  a  municipal  corporation. 

Sec.  14.  The  tax  authorized  by  the  sixth  section  of  the  ordinance 
adopted  June  sixth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-five,  is  hereby 
abolished,  and  hereafter  there  shall  be  levied  and  collected  an  annual  tax 
sufficient  to  pay  the  accruing  interest  upon  the  bonded  debt  of  the  state, 
and  to  reduce  the  principal  thereof  each  year  by  a  sum  not  less  than  two 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars;  the  proceeds  of  which  tax  shall  be  paid 
into  the  state  treasury,  and  appropriated  and  paid  out  for  the  purposes 
expressed  in  the  first  and  second  subdivisions  of  section  forty-three  of  arti- 
cle IV  of  this  constitution.  The  funds  and  resources  now  in  the  state  in- 
terest and  state  sinking  funds  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  same  purposes; 
and  whenever  said  bonded  debt  is  extinguished,  or  a  sum  sufficient  there- 
for has  been  raised,  the  tax  provided  for  in  this  section  shall  cease  to  be 
assessed. 

Sec  15.  All  moneys  now,  or  at  any  time  hereafter,  in  the  state  treas- 
ury, belonging  to  the  state,  shall,  immediately  on  receipt  thereof,  be 
deposited  by  the  treasurer  to  the  credit  of  the  state  for  the  benefit  of  the 


CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI.  155 

funds  to  which  they  respectively  belong,  in  such  bank  or  banks  as  he  may, 
from  time  to  time,  with  the  approval  of  the  governor  and  attorney  gen- 
eral, select;  the  said  bank  or  banks  giving  security,  satisfactory  to  the  gov- 
ernor and  attorney  general,  for  the  safe  keeping  and  payment  of  such 
deposit,  when  demanded  by  the  state  treasurer  on  his  checks;  such  bank 
to  pay  a  bonus  for  the  use  of  such  deposits  not  less  than  the  bonus  paid  by 
other  banks  for  similar  deposits;  and  the  same,  together  with  such  interest 
and  profits  as  may  accrue  thereon,  shall  be  disbursed  by  said  treasurer  for 
the  purposes  of  the  state,  according  to  Jaw,  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the 
state  auditor,  and  not  otherwise. 

Sec.  16.  The  treasurer  shall  keep  a  separate  account  of  the  funds,  and 
the  number  and  amount  of  warrants  received,'  and  from  whom;  and  shall 
publish,  in  such  manner  as  the  governor  may  designate,  quarterly  state- 
ments, showing  the  amount  of  state  moneys,  and  where  the  same  are  kept 
or  deposited. 

Sec.  17.  The  making  of  profit  out  of  state,  county,  city,  town  or  school 
district  money,  or  using  the  same  for  an}7  purpose  not  authorized  by  law, 
by  any  public  officer,  shall  be  deemed  a  felony,  and  shall  be  punished  as 
provided  by  law. 

Sec.  IS.  There  shall  be  a  state  board  of  equalization,  consisting  of  the 
governor,  state  auditor,  state  treasurer,  secretary  of  state  and  attorney 
general.  The  duty  of  said  board  shall  be  to  adjust  and  equalize  the  valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  property  among  the  several  counties  in  the  state,. 
and  it  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  are  or  may  be  prescribed  bylaw. 

Sec.  19.  No  moneys  shall  ever  be  paid  out  of  the  treasury  of  this 
state,  or  any  of  the  funds  under  its  management,  except  in  pursuance  of 
an  appropriation  by  law ;  nor  unless  such  payment  be  made,  or  a  warrant 
shall  have  issued  therefor,  within  two  years  after  the  passage  of  such  ap- 
propriation act;  and  every  such  law,  making  a  new  appropriation,  or  con- 
tinuing or  reviving  an  appropriation,  shall  distinctly  specify  the  sum  appro- 
priated, and  the  object  to  which  it  is  to  be  applied ;  and  it  shall  not  be  suffi- 
cient to  refer  to  any  other  law  to  fix  such  sum  or  object.  A  regular  state- 
ment and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money 
shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

Sec.  20.  The  moneys  arising  from  any  loan,  debt  or  liability,  con- 
tracted by  the  state,  or  any  county,  city,  town,  or  other  municipal  corpora- 
tion, shall  be  applied  to  the  purposes  for  which  they  w7ere  obtained,  or  to 
the  repayment  of  such- debt  or  liability,  and  not  otherwise. 

Sec.  21.  No  corporation,  company  or  association,  other  than  those 
formed  for  benevolent,  religious,  scientific,  or  educational  purposes,  shall  be 
created  or  organized  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  unless  the  persons  named 
as  corporators  shall,  at  or  before  the  filing  of  the  articles  of  association  or 
incorporation,  pay  into  the  state  treasury  fifty  dollars  for  the  first  fifty 
thousand  dollars  or  less  of  capital  stock,  and  a  further  sum  of  five  dollars 
for  every  additional  ten  thousand  dollars  of  its  capital  stock.  And  no  such 
corporation,  company  or  association  shall  increase  its  capital  stock  without 
first  paying  into  the  treasury  five  dollars  for  every  ten  thousand  dollars  of 
increase:  Provided,  That  nothing  contained  in  this  section  shall  be  con- 
strued to  prohibit  the  general  assembly  from  levying  a  further  tax  on  the 
franchises  of  such  corporation. 


156  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

ARTICLE  XL— education 

Section  1.  A  general  diffusion  of  knowledge  and  intelligence  being 
essential  to  the  preservation  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the  people,  the 
general  assembly  shall  establish  and  maintain  free  public  schools  for  the 
gratuitous  instruction  of  all  persons  in  this  state  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  twenty  years. 

Sec.  2.  The  income  of  all  the  funds  provided  by  the  state  for  the  sup- 
port of  free  public  schools,  shall  be  paid  annually  to  the  several  county 
treasurers,  to  be  disbursed  according  to  law;  but  no  school  district,  in 
which  a  free  public  school  has  not  been  maintained  at  least  three  months 
during  the  year  for  which  the  distribution  is  made,  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  anv  portion  of  such  funds. 

Sec.  3.  Separate  free  public  schools  shall  be  established  for  the  educa- 
tion of  children  of  African  descent. 

Sec.  4.  The  supervision  of  instruction  in  the  public  schools  shall  be 
vested  in  a  "  board  of  education,"  whose  powers  and  duties  shall  be  pre- 
scribed by  law.  The  superintendent  of  public  schools  shall  be  president 
of  the  board.  The  governor,  secretary  of  state  and  attorney-general  shall 
be  ex-officio  members,  and  with  the  superintendent,  compose  said  board 
of  education. 

Sec.  5.  The  general  assembly  shall,  whenever  the  public  school  fund 
will  permit,  and  the  actual  necessity  of  the  same  may  require,  aid  and 
maintain  the  state  university,  now  established,  with  its  present  depart- 
ments. The  government  of  the  state  university  shall  be  vested  in  a  board 
of  curators,  to  consist  of  nine  members,  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate. 

Sec.  6.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have  been,  or  hereafter  may  be 
granted  by  the  United  States  to  this  state,  and  not  otherwise  appropriated 
by  this  state  or  the  United  States;  also,  all  moneys,  stocks,  bonds,  lands 
and  other  property  now  belonging  to  any  state  fund  for  purposes  of  educa- 
tion; also,  the  net  proceeds  of  all  sales  of  lands,  and  other  property  and 
effects  that  may  accrue  to  the  state  by  escheat,  from  unclaimed  dividends 
and  distributive  shares  of  the  estates  of  deceased  persons;  also,  any  pro- 
ceeds of  the  sales  of  the  public  lands  which  may  have  been  or  hereafter 
may  be  paid  over  to  this  state,  (if  congress  will  consent  to  such  appropria- 
tion); also,  all  other  grants,  gifts  or  devises  that  have  been,  or  hereafter 
may  be,  made  to  this  state,  and  not  otherwise  appropriated  by  the  state  or 
the  terms  of  the  grant,  gift  or  devise,  shall  be  paid  into  the  state  treasury, 
and  securely  invested  and  sacredly  preserved  as  a  public  school  fund;  the 
annual  income  of  which  fund,  together  with  so  much  of  the  ordinary  reve- 
nue of  the  state  as  may  be  by  law  set  apart  for  that  purpose,  shall  be  faith- 
fully appropriated  for  establishing  and  maintaining  the  free  public  schools 
and  the  state  university  in  this  article  provided  for,  and  for  no  other  uses 
or  purposes  whatsoever. 

Sec.  7.  In  case  the  public  school  fund  now  provided  and  set  apart  by 
law,  for  the  support  of  free  public  schools,  shall  be  insufficient  to  sustain  a 
free  school  at  least  four  months  in  every  year  in  each  school  district  in  this 
state,  the  general  assembly  may  provide  for  such  deficiency  in  accordance 
with  section  eleven  of  the  article  on  revenue  and  taxation ;  but  in  no  case 
shall  there  be  set  apart  less  than  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  state  revenue 
exclusive  of  the  interest  and  sinking  fund,  to  be  applied  annually  to  the 
support  of  the  public  schools. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI.  157 

Sec.  8.  All  moneys,  stocks,  bonds,  lands  and  other  property  belonging 
to  a  county  school  fund;  also,  the  net  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  estrays; 
also,  the  clear  proceeds  of  all  penalties  and  forfeitures,  and  of  all  fines 
collected  in  the  several  counties  for  any  breach  of  the  penal  or  mili- 
tary laws  of  the  state,  and  all  moneys  which  shall  be  paid  by  persons  as 
an  equivalent  for  exemption  from  military  duty,  shall  belong  to  and  be 
securely  invested,  and  sacredly  preserved  in  the  several  counties,  as  a 
county  public  school  fund;  the  income  of  which  fund  shall  be  faithfully 
appropriated  for  establishing  and  maintaining  free  public  schools  in  the 
several  counties  of  this  state. 

Sec.  9.  No  part  of  the  public  school  fund  of  the  state  shall  ever  be 
invested  in  the  stock  or  bonds,  or  other  obligations  of  any  other  state,  or 
of  any  county,  city,  town  or  corporation ;  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of 
any  lands  or  other  property  which  now  belong,  or  may  hereafter  belong, 
to  said  school  fund,  shall  be  invested  in  the  bonds  of  the  state  of  Missouri, 
or  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  10.  All  county  school  funds  shall  be  loaned  only  upon  unincum- 
bered real  estate  security,  of  double  the  valve  of  the  loan,  with  personal 
security  in  addition  thereto. 

Sec.  11.  Neither  the  general  assembly,  nor  any -county,  city,  town, 
township,  school  district  or  other  municipal  corporation,  shall  ever  make 
an  appropriation,  or  pay  from  any  public  fund  whatever  anything  in  aid  of 
any  religious  creed,  church  or  sectarian  purpose;  or  to  help  to  support  or 
sustain  any  private  or  public  school,  academy,  seminary,  college,  univers- 
ity or  other  institution  of  learning,  controlled  by  any  religious  creed, 
church  or  sectarian  denomination  whatever;  nor  shall  any  grant  or 
donation  of  personal  property  or  real  estate  ever  be  made  by  the  state,  or 
any  county,  city,  town  or  other  municipal  corporation,  for  any  religious 
creed,  church  or  sectarian  purpose  whatever. 

ARTICLE  XII— CORPORATIONS. 

Section  1.  All  existing  charters,  or  grants  of  special  or  exclusive  priv- 
ileges, under  which  a  bona  fide  organization  shall  not  have  taken  place, 
and  business  been  commenced  in  good  faith,  at  the  adoption  of  this  con- 
stitution, shall  thereafter  have  no  validity. 

Sec.  2.  No  corporation,  after  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  shall  be 
created  by  special  laws;  nor  shall  any  existing  charter  be  extended, 
changed  or  amended  by  special  laws,  except  those  for  charitable,  penal  or 
reformatory  purposes,  "which  are  under  the  patronage  and  control  of  the 
state. 

Sec.  3.  The  general  assembly  shall  not  remit  the  forfeiture  of  the 
charter  of  any  corporation  now  existing,  or  alter  or  amend  such  forfeited 
charter,  or  pass  any  other  general  or  special  laws  for  the  benefit  of  such 
corporations. 

Sec.  4.  The  exercise  of  the  power  and  right  of  eminent  domain,  shall 
never  be  so  construed  or  abridged  as  to  prevent  the  taking,  by  the  general 
assembly,  of  the  property  and  franchises  of  incorporated  companies  already 
organized,  or  that  may  be  hereafter  organized,  and  subjecting  them  to  the 
public  use,  the  same  as  that  of  individuals.  The  right  of  trial  by  jury 
shall  be  held  inviolate  in  all  trials  of  claims  for  compensation,  when  in  the 
exercise  of  said  right  of  eminent  domain,  any  incorporated  company  shall 
be  interested  either  for  or  against  the  exercise  of  said  right. 


158  CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI. 

Sec.  5.  The  exercise  of  the  police  power  of  the  state  shall  never  be 
abridged,  or  so  construed  as  to  permit  corporations  to  conduct  their  busi- 
ness in  such  manner  as  to  infringe  the  equal  rights  of  individuals,  or  the 
general  well-being  of  the  state. 

Sec.  6.  In  all  elections  for  directors  or  managers  of  any  incorporated 
companv,  each  shareholder  shall  have  the  right  to  cast  as  many  votes  in 
the  aggregate  as  shall  equal  the  number  of  shares  so  held  by  him  or  her 
in  said  company,  multiplied  by  the  number  of  directors  or  managers  to  be 
elected  at  such  election;  and  each  shareholder  may  cast  the  whole  number 
of  votes,  either  in  person  or  by  proxy  for  one  candidate,  or  distribute  such 
votes  among  two  or  more  candidates ;  and  such  directors  or  managers  shall 
not  be  elected  in  any  other  manner. 

Sec.  7.  No  corporation  shall  engage  in  business,  other  than  that  ex- 
pressly authorized  in  its  charter  or  the  law  under  which  it  may  have  been 
or  hereafter  may  be  organized,  nor  shall  it  hold  any  real  estate  for  any 
period  longer  than  six  years,  except  such  as  may  be  necessary  and  proper 
for  carrying  on  its  legitimate  business. 

Sec.  8.  No  corporation  shall  issue  stock  or  bonds,  except  for  money 
paid,  labor  done  or  property  actually  received,  and  all  fictitious  increase  of 
stock  or  indebtedness  shall  be  void.  The  stock  and  bonded  indebtedness 
of  corporations  shall  not  be  increased,  except  in  pursuance  of  general  law, 
nor  without  the  consent  of  the  persons  holding  the  larger  amount  in  value 
of  the  stock  first  obtained  at  a  meeting  called  for  the  purpose,  first  giving 
sixty  days  public  notice,  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  9.  Dues  from  private  corporations  shall  be  secured  by  such  means 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  but  in  no  case  shall  any  stockholder  be  indi- 
vidually liable  in  any  amount  over  or  above  the  amount  of  stock  owned 
by  him  or  her. 

Sec.  10.  No  corporation  shall  issue  preferred  stock  without  the  con- 
sent of  all  the  stockholders. 

Sec.  11.  The  term  "corporation,"  as  used  in  this  article,  shall  be  con- 
strued to  include  all  joint  stock  companies  or  associations  having  any  pow- 
ers or  privileges  not  possessed  by  individuals  or  partnerships. 

RAILROADS. 

Sec.  12.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  in  this  state  for  any  railway  company 
to  charge  for  freight  or  passengers  a  greater  amount,  for  the  transportation 
of  the  same,  for  a  less  distance  than  the  amount  charged  for  any  greater 
distance,  and  suitable  laws  shall  be  passed  by  the  general  assembly  to  en- 
force this  provision;  but  excursion  and  commutation  tickets  maybe  issued 
at  special  rates. 

Sec.  13.  Any  railroad  corporation  or  association,  organized  for  the 
purpose,  shall  have  the  right  to  construct  and  operate  a  railroad  between 
any  points  within  this  state,  and  to  connect  at  the  state  line  with  railroads 
of  other  states.  Every  railroad  company  shall  have  the  right,  with  its 
road,  to  intersect,  connect  with,  or  cross  any  other  railroad,  and  shall  receive 
and  transport  each  the  other's  passengers,  tonnage  and  cars,  loaded  or 
empty,  without  delay  or  discrimination. 

Sec.  14.  Railways  heretofore  constructed,  or  that  may  hereafter  be 
constructed  in  this  state  are  hereby  declared  public  highways,  and  railroad 
companies  common  carriers.  The  general  assembly  shall  pass  laws  tc 
correct  abuses  and  prevent  unjust  discrimination  and  extortion  in  the  rates 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  159 

of  freight  and  passenger  tariffs  on  the  different  railroads  in  this  state;  and 
shall,  from  time  to  time,  pass  laws  establishing  reasonable  maximum  rates 
of  charges  for  the  transportation  of  passengers  and  freight  on  said  railroads, 
and  enforce  all  such  laws  by  adequate  penalties. 

Sec.  15.  Every  railroad  or  other  corporation,  organized  or  doing  busi- 
ness in  this  state  under  the  laws  or  authority  thereof,  shall  have  and  main- 
tain a  public  office  or  place  in  this  state  for  the  transaction  of  its  business, 
where  transfers  of  stock  shall  be  made,  and  where  shall  be  kept,  for  public 
inspection,  books  in  which  shall  be  recorded  the  amount  of  capital  stock 
subscribed,  the  names  of  the  owners  of  the  stock,  the  amounts  owned  by 
them  respectively,  the  amount  of  stock  paid,  and  by  whom,  the  transfer  of 
said  stock,  with  the  date  of  transfer,  the  amount  of  its  assets  and  liabilities, 
and  the  names  and  places  of  residence  of  its  officers.  The  directors  of 
every  railroad  company  shall  hold  one  meeting  annually  in  this  state,  pub- 
lic notice  of  which  shall  be  given  thirty  days  previously,  and  shall  report 
annually,  under  oath,  to  the  state  auditor,  or  some  officer  designated  by 
law,  all  of  their  acts  and  doings,  which  report  shall  include  such  matters 
relating  to  railroads  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  The  general  assembly 
shall  pass  laws  enforcing,  by  suitable  penalties,  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion. 

Sec.  16.  The  rolling  stock  and  all  other  movable  property  belonging 
to  any  railroad  company  or  corporation  in  this  state,  shall  be  considered 
personal  property,  and  shall  be  liable  to  execution  and  sale  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  personal  property  of  individuals;  and  the  general  assembly 
shall  pass  no  law  exempting  any  such  property  from  execution  and  sale. 

Sec.  17.  No  railroad  or  other  corporation,  or  the  lessees,  purchasers  or 
managers  of  any  railroad  corporation,  shall  consolidate  the  stock,  property 
or  franchises  ot  such  corporation,  with,  or  lease  or  purchase  the  works  or 
franchises  of,  or  in  any  way  control  any  railroad  corporation  owning  or  hav- 
ing under  its  control  a  parallel  or  competing  line;  nor  shall  anv  officer  of 
such  railroad  corporation  act  as  an  officer  of  any  other  railroad  corporation 
owning  or  having  the  control  of  a  parallel  or  competing  line.  The  ques- 
tion whether  railroads  are  parallel  or  competing  lines  shall,  when  demanded, 
be  decided  by  a  jury,  as  in  other  civil  issues. 

Sec.  18.  If  any  railroad  company  organized  under  the  laws  of  this 
state  shall  consolidate,  by  sale  or  otherwise,  with  any  railroad  company 
organized  under  the  laws  of  any  other  state,  or  of  the  United  States,  the 
same  shall  not  thereby  become  a  foreign  corporation ;  but  the  courts  of  this 
state  shall  retain  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  which  may  arise,  as  if  said  con- 
solidation had  not  taken  place.  In  no  case  shall  any  consolidation  take 
place,  except  upon  public  notice  of  at  least  sixty  days  to  all  stockholders, 
in  such  manner  as  mav  be  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  19.  The  general  assembly  shall  pass  no  law  for  the  benefit  of  a 
railroad  or  other  corporations,  or  any  individual  or  association  of  individ- 
uals, retrospective  in  its  operation,  or  which  imposes  on  the  people  of  any 
county  or  municipal  subdivision  of  the  state,  a  new  liability  in  respecc  to 
transactions  or  considerations  already  past. 

Sec.  20.  No  law  shall  be  passed  by  the  general  assembly  granting  the 
right  to  construct  and  operate  a  street  railroad  within  any  city,  town,  vil- 
lage, or  on  any  public  highway,  without  first  acquiring  the  consent  of  the 
local  authorities  having  control  of  the  street  or  highway  proposed  to  be 


160  CONSTITUTION    OF   MISSOURI. 

occupied  by  such  street  railroad;  and  the  franchises  so  granted  shall  not 
be  transferred  without  similar  assent  first  obtained. 

Sec.  21.  No  railroad  corporation  in  existence  at  the  time  of  the  adop- 
tion of  this  constitution  shall  have  the  benefit  of  any  future  legislation, 
except  on  condition  of  complete  acceptance  of  all  the  provisions  of  this 
constitution  applicable  to  railroads. 

Sec.  22.  No  president,  director,  officer,  agent,  or  employe  of  any  rail- 
road company  shall  be  interested,  directly,  or  indirectly,  in  furnishing  ma- 
terial or  supplies  to  such  company,  or  in  the  business  of  transportation  as 
a  common  carrier  of  freight  or  passengers  over  the  works  owned,  leased, 
controlled  or  worked  by  such  company. 

Sec.  23.  No  discrimination  in  charges  or  facilities  in  transportation" 
shall  be  made  between  transportation  companies  and  individuals,  or  in 
favor  of  either,  by  abatement,  drawback  or  otherwise ;  and  no  railroad  com- 
pany, or  any  lessee,  manager  or  employee  thereof,  shall  make  any  prefer- 
ence in  furnishing  cars  or  motive  power. 

Sec.  24.  No  railroad  or  other  transportation  company  shall  grant  free 
passes  or  tickets,  or  passes  or  tickets  at  a  discount,  to  members  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly,  or  members  cf  the  board  of  equalization,  or  any  state,  or 
county,  or  municipal  officers ;  and  the  acceptance  of  such  pass  or  ticket,  by 
a  member  of  the  general  assembly,  or  any  such  officer,  shall  be  a  forfeiture 
of  his  office. 

BANKS. 

Sec.  25.  No  state  bank  shall  hereafter  be  created,  nor  shall  the  state 
own  or  be  liable  for  any  stock  in  any  corporation,  or  joint  stock  company, 
or  association  for  banking  purposes,  now  created  or  hereafter  to  be  cre- 
ated. 

Sec.  26.  No  act  of  the  general  assembly  authorizing  or  creating  cor- 
porations or  associations  with  banking  powers  (except  banks  of  deposit 
or  discount,)  nor  amendments  thereto,  shall  go  into  effect,  or  in  any  man- 
ner be  enforced,  unless  the  same  shall  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  quali- 
fied voters  of  the  state,  at  the  general  election  next  succeeding  the  pass- 
age of  the  same,  and  be  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  at  such 
election. 

Sec.  27.  It  shall  be  a  crime,  the  nature  and  punishment  of  which  shall 
be  prescribed  by  law,  for  any  president,  director,  manager,  cashier  or  other 
officer  of  any  banking  institution,  to  assent  to  the  reception  of  deposits,  or 
the  creation  of  debts  by  such  banking  institution,  after  he  shall  have  had 
knowledge  of  the  fact  that  it  is  insolvent,  or  in  failing  circumstances ;  and 
any  such  officer,  agent  or  manager,  shall  be  individually  responsible  for 
such  deposits  so  received,  and  all  such  debts  so  created  with  his  assent. 

ARTICLE  XIII.— militia. 

Section  1.  All  able-bodied  male  inhabitants  of  this  state  between  the 
ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five  years,  who  are  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
or  have  declared  their  intention  of  become  such  citizens,  shall  be  liable  to 
military  duty  in  the  militia  of  this  state:  Provided,  That  no  person  who  is 
religiously  scrupulous  of  bearing  arms,  can  be  compelled  to  do  so,  but  may 
be  compelled  to  pay  an  equivalent  for  military  service,  in  such  manner  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  2.      The  general   assembly,  in  providing  for   the   organization, 


CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI.  161 

equipment  and  discipline  of  the  militia,  shall  conform,  as  nearly  as  practi- 
cable, to  the  regulations  for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  3.  Each  company  and  regiment  shall  elect  its  own  company  and 
regimental  officers;  but  if  any  company  or  regiment  shall  neglect  to  elect 
such  officers  within  the  time  prescribed  by  law,  or  by  the  order  of  the  gov- 
ernor, they  may  be  appointed  by  the  governor. 

Sec.  4.  Volunteer  companies  of  infantry,  cavalry  and  artillery,  may 
be  formed  in  such  manner  and  under  such  restrictions  as  may  be  provided 
by  law. 

Sec.  5.  The  volunteer  and  militia  forces  shall  in  all  cases,  except  trea- 
son, felony  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at  musters,  parades  and  elections,  and  in  going  to  and  returning 
from  the  same. 

Sec.  6.  The  governor  shall  appoint  the  adjutant  general,  quarter- 
master general  and  his  other  staff  officers.  He  shall  also,  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  senate,  appoint  all  major  generals  and  brigadier  generals. 

Sec.  7.  The  general  assembly  shall  provide  for  the  safe  keeping  of 
the  public  arms,  military  records,  banners  and  relics  of  the  state. 

ARTICLE  XIV. — MISCELLANEOUS  PROVISIONS. 

Section  1.  The  general  assembly  of  this  state  shall  never  interfere 
with  the  primary  disposal  of  the  soil  by  the  United  States,  nor  with  any 
regulation  which  congress  may  tind  necessary  for  securing  the  title  in  such 
soil  to  bona  -fide  purchasers.  No  tax  shall  be  imposed  on  lands  the  prop- 
erty of  the  "United  States;  nor  shall  lands  belonging  to  persons  residing 
out  of  the  limits  of  this  state  ever  be  taxed  at  a  higher  rate  than  the  lands.  « 
belonging  to  persons  residing  within  the  state. 

Sec.  2.  No  person  shall  be  prosecuted  in  any  civil  action  or  criminal, 
proceeding  for  or  on  account  of  any  act  by  him  done,  performed  or  exe- 
cuted between  the  first  day  of  January,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
sixty-one,  and  the  twentieth  day  of  August,  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  sixty-six,  by  virtue  of  military  authority  vested  in  him,  or  in  pursu- 
ance of  orders  from  any  person  vested  with  such  authority  by  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  or  of  this  state,  or  of  the  late  Confederate 
states,  or  any  of  them,  to  do  such  act.  And  if  any  action  or  proceedings 
shall  have  been,  or  shall  hereafter  be  instituted  against  any  person  for  the 
doing  of  any  such  act,  the  defendant  may  plead  this  section  in  bar  thereof. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  who  shall  hereafter  fight  a  duel,  or  assist  in  the 
same  as  a  second,  or  send,  accept,  or  knowingly  carry  a  challenge  therefor, 
or  agree  to  go  out  of  this  state  to  right  a  duel,  shall  hold  any  office  in  this 
state. 

Sec.  4.  No  person  holding  an  office  of  profit  under  the  United  States, 
shall,  during  his  continuance  in  such  office,  hold  any  office  of  profit  ui:  aaot 
this  state. 

Sec.  5.  In  the  absence  of  any  contrary  provision,  all  officers  noW  or 
nereafter  elected  or  appointed,  subject  to  the  right  of  resignation,  shall 
hold  office  during  their  official  terms,  and  until  their  successors  shall  be 
duly  elected  or  appointed  and  qualified. 

Sec.  6.     All  officers,  both  civil  and  military,  under  the  authority  of  this 
state,  shall,  before  entering  on  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  take 
and  subscribe  an  oath^or  affirmation,  to  support  the  constitution  of  the 
11 


162  CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI. 

United  States  and  of  this  state,  and  to  demean  themselves  faithfully  in 
office. 

Sec.  7.  The  general  assembly  shall,  in  addition  to  other  penalties, 
provide  for  the  removal  from  office  of  county,  city,  town  and  township 
officers,  on  conviction  of  willful,  corrupt  or  fraudulent  violation  or  neglect 
of  official  duty. 

Sec  8.  The  compensation  or  fees  of  no  state,  county  or  municipal 
officer  shall  be  increased  during  his  term  of  office;  nor  shall  the  term  of 
any  office  be  extended  for  a  longer  period  than  that  for  which  such  officer 
was  elected  or  appointed. 

Sec  9.  The  appointment  of  all  officers  not  otherwise  directed  by  this 
constitution,  shall  be  made  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec  10.  The  general  assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  authorize  lot- 
teries or  gift  enterprises  for  any  purpose,  and  shall  pass  laws  to  prohibit  the 
sale  of  lottery  or  gift  enterprise  tickets,  or  tickets  in  anjr  scheme  in  the 
nature  of  a  lottery,  in  this  state;  and  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  heretofore 
passed  by  the  legislature  of  this  state,  authorizing  a  lottery  or  lotteries, 
and  all  acts  amendatory  thereof,  or  supplemental  thereto,  are  hereby 
avoided. 

Sec  11.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  grand  jury  in  each  county,  at  least 
once  a  year,  to  investigate  the  official  acts  of  all  officers  having  charge  of 
public  funds,  and  report  the  result  of  their  investigations  in  writing  to  the 
court. 

Sec  12.  Senators  and  representatives  shall,  in  all  cases,  except  trea- 
son, felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  the 
session  of  the  general  assembly,  and  for  fifteen  days  next  before  the  com- 
mencement and  after  the  termination  of  each  session ;  and  for  any  speech 
or  debate  in  either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

ARTICLE  XV. — mode  of  amending  the  constitution. 

Section  1.  This  constitution  may  be  amended  and  revised  only  in 
pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

Sec.  2.  The  general  assembly  may,  at  any  time,  propose  such  amend- 
ments to  this  constitution  as  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each 
house  shall  deem  expedient;  and  the  vote  thereon  shall  betaken  by  yeas 
and  nays,  and  entered  in  full  on  the  journals.  The  proposed  amendments 
shall  be  published  with  the  laws  of  that  session,  and  also  shall  be  published 
weekly  in  some  newspaper,  if  such  there  be,  within  each  county  in  the 
state,  for  four  consecutive  weeks  next  preceding  the  general  election  then 
next  ensuing.  The  proposed  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of 
the  people,  each  amendment  separately,  at  the  next  general  election  there- 
after, in  such  manner  as  the  general  assembly  may  provide.  If  a  major- 
ity of  the  qualified  voters  of  the  state,  voting  for  and  against  any  one  of 
saic1  amendments,  shall  vote  for  such  amendment,  the  same  shall  be  deemed 
and  taken  to  have  been  ratified  by  the  people,  and  shall  be  valid  and 
binding,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  a  part  of  this  constitution. 

Sec  3.  The  general  assembly  may  at  any  time  authorize,  by  law  a 
vote  of  the  people  to  be  taken  upon  the  question  whether  a  convention 
shall  be  held  for  the  purpose  of  revising  and  amending  the  constitution  of 
this  state;  and  if  at  such  election  a  majority  of  the  votes  on  the  question 
be  in  favor  of  a  convention,  the  governor  shall  issue  writs  to  the  sheriffs  of 
the  different  counties,  ordering  the  election  of  delegates  to  such  a  conven- 


CONSTITUTION  OF   MISSOURI.  163 

tion,  on  a  day  not  less  than  three  and  within  six  months  after  that  on  which 
the  said  question  shall  have  been  voted  on.  At  such  election  each  senato- 
rial district  shall  elect  two  delegates  for  each  senator  to  which  it  may  then 
be  entitled  in  the  general  assembly,  and  every  such  delegate  shall  have 
the  qualifications  of  a  state  senator.  The  election  shall  be  conducted  in 
conformity  with  the  laws  regulating  the  election  of  senators.  The  dele- 
gates so  elected  shall  meet  at  such  time  and  place  as  may.be  provided  by 
law,  and  organize  themselves  into  a  convention,  and  proceed  to  revise  and 
amend  the  constitution;  and  the  constitution  when  so  revised  and  amend- 
ed, shall,  on  a  day  to  be  therein  fixed,  not  less  than  sixty  days  or  more  than 
six  months  after  that  on  which  it  shall  have  been  adopted  by  the  conven- 
tion, be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people  for  and  against  it,  at  an  election 
to  be  held  for  that  purpose ;  and,  if  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  given  be  in 
favor  of  such  constitution,  it  shall,  at  the  end  of  thirty  days  after  such  elec- 
tion became  the  constitution  of  this  state.  The  result  of  such  elec- 
tion shall -be  made  known  by  proclamation  by  the  governor.  The  general 
assembly  shall  have  no  power,  otherwise  than  in  this  section  specified,  to 
authorize  a  convention  for  revising  and  amending  the  constitution. 

SCHEDULE. 

That  no  inconvenience  may  arise  from  the  alteration  and  amendments 
in  the  constitution  of  this  state,  and  to  carry  the  same  into  complete  effect, 
it  is  hereby  ordained  and  declared: 

Section  1 .  That  all  laws  in  force  at  the  adoption  of  this  constitution, 
not  inconsistent  therewith,  shall  remain  in  full  force  until  altered  or  re- 
pealed by  the  general  assembly;  and,  all  rights,  actions,  prosecutions, 
claims  and  contracts  of  the  state,  counties,  individuals  or  bodies  corporate 
not  inconsistent  therewith,  shall  continue  to  be  as  valid  as  if  this  constitution 
had  not  been  adopted.  The  provisions  of  all  laws  which  are  inconsistent 
with  this  constitution,  shall  cease  upon  its  adoption,  except  that  all  laws 
which  are  inconsistent  with  such  provision  of  this  constitution,  as  require 
legislation  to  enforce  them,  shall  remain  in  force  until  the  first  day  of  July, 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-seven,  unless  sooner  amended  or 
repealed  by  the  general  assembly. 

Sec.  2.  That  all  recognizances,  obligations  and  all  other  instruments, 
entered  into  or  executed  before  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  to  this 
state  or  to  any  subdivision  thereof,  or  any  municipality  therein :  and  all 
fines,  taxes,  penalties  and  forfeitures,  due  or  owing  to  this  state,  or  any 
such  subdivision  or  municipality;  and  all  writs,  prosecutions,  actions  and 
causes  of  action,  except  as  herein  otherwise  provided,  shall  continue  and 
remain  unaffected  by  the  adoption  of  this  constitution.  All  indictments 
which  shall  have  been  found  or  may  hereafter  be  found,  for  any  crime  or 
offense  committed  before  this  constitution  takes  effect,  may  be  proceeded 
upon  as  if  no  change  had  taken  place,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in 
this  constitution. 

Sec.  3.  All  county  and  probate  courts,  as  now  constituted  and  organ- 
ized, shall  continue  with  their  jurisdiction,  until  the  general  assembly 
shall  by  law  conform  them  in  their  organization  to  the  requirements  of  this 
constitution. 

Sec.  4.  All  criminal  courts  organized  and  existing  under  the  laws  of 
this  state,  and  not  specially  provided  for  in  this  constitution,  shall  continue 
to  exist  until  otherwise  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  5.     All  courts  of  common  pleas  existing  and  organized  in  cities 


164:  CONSTITUTION   OF   MISSOURI. 

and  towns  having  a  population  exceeding  three  thousand  five  hundred  in- 
habitants, and  such  as  by  the  law  of  their  creation  are  presided  over  by  a 
judge  of  a  circuit  court,  shall  continue  to  exist  and  exercise  their  present 
jurisdiction,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law.  All  other  courts  of  common 
pleas  shall  cease  to  exist  at  the  expiration  of  the  present  terms  of  office  of 
the  several  judges  thereof. 

Sec.  6.  All  persons  now  filling  any  office  or  appointment  in  this  state, 
shall  continue  in  the  exercise  of  the  duties  thereof,  according  to  their  re- 
spective commissions  or  appointments,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  7.  Upon  the  adoption  of  this  constitution,  all  appeals  to,  and 
writs  of  error  from  the  supreme  court,  shall  be  returnable  to  the  supreme 
court  at  the  city  of  Jefferson. 

Sec.  8.  Until  the  general  assembly  shall  make  provision  for  the  pay- 
ment of  the  state  and  railroad  indebtedness  of  this  state,  in  pursuance  of 
section  fourteen  of  article  ten  of  this  constitution,  there  shall  be  levied 
and  collected  an  annual  tax  of  one-fifth  of  one  per  centum  on  all  real  estate 
and  other  property  and  effects  subject  to  taxation,  the  proceeds  of  which 
shall  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  the  interest  on  the  bonded  debt  of  this 
state  as  it  matures,  and  the  surplus,  if  any,  shall  be  paid  into  the  sinking 
fund  and  thereafter  applied  to  the  payment  of  such  indebtedness,  and  to 
no  other  purpose. 

Sec.  9.  This  constitution  shall  be  submitted  to  the  people  of  this  state 
for  adoption  or  rejection,  at  an  election  to  be  held  for  that  purpose  only,  on 
Saturday,  the  thirtieth  day  of  October,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventv-five.  Every  person  entitled  to  vote  under  the  constitution  and 
laws  of  this  state  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  for  the  adoption  or  rejection  of 
this  constitution.  Said  election  shall  be  held,  and  said  qualified  electors 
shall  vote  at  the  usual  places  of  voting  in  the  several  counties  of  this  state ; 
and  said  election  shall  be  conducted,  and  returns  thereof  made,  according 
to  the  laws  now  in  force  regulating  general  elections. 

Sec.  10.  The  clerks  of  the  several  county  courts  in  this  state,  shall,  at 
least  five  days  before  said  election,  cause  to  be  delivered  to  the  judges  of 
election  in  each  election  district  or  precinct,  in  their  respective  counties, 
suitable  blank  poll  books,  forms  of  return  and  five  times  the  number  of 
properly  prepared  printed  ballots  for  said  election,  that  there  are  voters  in 
said  respective  districts,  the  expense  whereof  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  by 
the  several  county  courts,  as  other  county  expenditures  are  allowed  and 
paid. 

Sec.  11.  At  said  election  the  ballots  shall  be  in  the  following  form: 
New  constitution  ticket,  {erase  the  clause  you  do  not  favor.)  New  consti- 
tution, —  Yes.  New  constitution,  —  No.  Each  of  said  ticket  sshall  be 
counted  as  a  vote  for  or  against  this  constitution,  as  the  one  clause  or  the 
other  may  be  canceled  with  ink  or  pencil  by  the  voter,  and  returns  thereof 
shall  be  made  accordingly.  If  both  clauses  of  the  ticket  be  erased,  or  if 
neither  be  erased,  the  ticket  shall  not  be  counted. 

Sec.  12.  The  returns  of  the  whole  vote  cast  for  the  adoption  and 
against  the  adoption  of  this  constitution  shall  be  made  by  the  several 
clerks,  as  now  provided  by  law  in  case  of  the  election  of  state  officers,  to 
the  secretary  of  state,  within  twenty  days  after  the  election ;  and  the  re- 
turns of  said  votes  shall,  within  ten  days  thereafter,  be  examined  and 
canvassed  by  the  state  auditor,  state  treasurer  and  secretary  of  state,  or 
any  two  of  them,  in  the  presence  of  the  governor,  and  proclamation  shall 
be  made  by  the  governor  forthwith  of  the  result  of  the  canvass. 


CONSTITUTION    OF    MISSOURI.  165 

Sec.  13.  If,  upon  such  canvass,  it  shall  appear  that  a  majority  of  the 
votes  polled  were  in  favor  of  the  new  constitution,  then  this  constitution 
shall,  on  and  after  the  thirtieth  day  of  November,  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five,  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  state  of  Missouri,  and  the 
present  existing  constitution  shall  thereupon  cease  in  all  its  provisions; 
but  if  it  shall  appear  that  a  majority  of  the  votes  polled  were  against  the 
new  constitution,  then  this  constitution  shall  be  null  and  void,  and  the 
existing  constitution  shall  continue  in  force. 

Sec.  14.  The  provisions  of  this  schedule  required  to  be  executed  prior 
to  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  this  constitution,  shall  take  effect  and  be  in 
force  immediately. 

Sec.  15.  The  general  assembly  shall  pass  all  such  laws  as  may  be 
necessary  to  carry  this  constitution  into  full  effect. 

Sec.  16.  The  present  secretary  of  state,  state  auditor,  attorney-general, 
and  superintendent  of  public  schools,  shall,  during  the  remainder  of  their 
terms  of  office,  unless  otherwise  directed  by  law,  receive  the  same  com- 
pensation and  fees  as  is  now  provided  by  law ;  and  the  present  state  treas- 
urer shall,  during  the  remainder  of  the  term  of  his  office,  continue  to  be 
governed  by  existing  law,  in  the  custod}'  and  disposition  of  the  state 
funds,  unless  otherwise  directed  by  law. 

Sec  17.  Section  twelve  of  [the]  bill  of  rights  shall  not  be  so  construed 
as  to  prevent  arrests  and  preliminary  examination  in  any  criminal  case. 

Done  in  convention,  at  tne  capitol,  in  the  city  of  Jefferson,  on  the  second  day  of  August, 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  of  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States  the  one  hundredth. 

WALDO  P.  JOHNSON,  President,  St.  Clair  county. 
N.  W.  WATKINS,  Vice  President,  Scott  county. 
Adams,  Washington,  Cooper.  Letcher,  Wm.  H.,  Saline. 

Allen,  DeWitt  O,  Clay.  Lay,  Alfred  M.,  Cole. 

Alexander,  A.  M.,  Monroe.  '         Mabret,  Pinckney,  Ripley. 

Black,  Francis  IV!.,  Jackson.  Massey,  B.  F ,  Newton. 

Boone,  Henry,  DeKalb.  Maxey,  James  Harvey,  Howell, 

Bradfield,  George  W.,  Laclede.  McAfee,  Charles  B.,  Greene. 

Broadhead,  James  O.,  St.  Louis.  McKee,  Archibald  V\,  Lincoln. 

Brokmeyer,  Henhy  C,  St.  Louis.  McCabe,  Edward,  Marion. 

Carleton,  George  W,  Pemiscot.  McKillop,  Malcomb,  Atchison. 

Chrisman,  William,  Jackson.  Mortell,  Nicholas  A.,  St.  Louis. 

Conway,  Edmund  V.,  St.  Francois.  Mudd,  Henry  Thomas,  St.  Louis. 

Cottey,  Louis  F.,  Knox.  Nickerson,  Edmund  A.,  Johnson. 

Crews,  T.  W.  B.,  Franklin.  Norton,  Elijah  Hise,  Platte. 

Crockett,  Samuel  R.,  Vernon.  Pipkin,  Philip,  Jefferson. 

Davis,  Lowndey  Henry,  Cape  Girardeau.        Priest,  William,  Platte. 
Dryden,  Leonidas  J.,  Warren  Pulitzer,  Joseph,  St.  Louis. 

Dysart,  Benjamin  Robert,  Macon.  Ray,  John,  Barry. 

Edwards,  John  F.  T.,  Iron.  Rider,  J.  H.,  Bollinger. 

Edwards,  James  C,  St.  Louis.  Ripey,  J.  R.,  Schuyler. 

Eitzen,  Charles  D.,  Gasconade.  Roberts,  James  C,  Buchanan. 

F  arris,  Jamss  L.,  Ray.  Ross,  J.  P.,  Morgan. 

Fyan,  Robert  VV.  Webster.  Ross,  John  W.,  Polk. 

Gantt,  Thomas  Tasker,  St.  Louis.  Rucker,  John  Fleming,  Boone. 

Gottschalk,  Louis,  St.  Louis.  Shackelford,  Thomas,  Howard*. 

Hale,  John  B.,  Carroll.  Shanklin,  John  H.,  Grundy. 

Halliburton,  W.,  Sullivan.  Shields,  George  H.,  St.  Louis. 

Hammond,  Charles,  Chariton.  Spaundorst,  Henry  J  ,  St.  Louis. 

Hardin,  Neil  Cameron,  Pike.  Switzler,  William  F.,  Boone. 

Holliday,  J.  A.,  Caldwell.  Taylor,  John  H.,  Jasper 

Hyer,  John,  Dent,  Taylor,  Amos  Riley,  St.  Louis. 

Johnson,  Horace  B.,  Cole.  Todd,  Albert,  St.  Louis. 

Johnston,  T.  J.,  Nodoway.  Wagner,  L.  J  ,  Scotland. 

Lackland,  Henry  Clay,  St.  Charles.  Wallace,  Henry  C,  Lafayette. 

Attkt-  G.  N.  NOLAN,  Secretary. 

J.  Boyle  Adams,  Assistant  Secretary 


Abstract  of  Missouri  State  Laws. 


BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE. 


A  bill  of  exchange  is  a  written  order  from  one  person  to  another,  direct- 
ing the  person  to  whom  it  is  addressed  to  pay  to  a  third  person  a  certain 
sum  of  money  therein  named. 

The  person  making  the  bill  is  called  the  maker.  The  person  to  whom 
it  is  directed  is  called  the  drawee,  and  the  person  in  whose  favor  the  bill 
of  exchange  is  made  payable,  is  called  the  payee,  and  the  person  who 
acceepts  a  bill  of  exchange,  is  called  the  acceptor. 

A  bill  of  exchange  may  be  negotiable  or  non-negotiable ;  if  negotiable,  it 
may  be  transferred  either  before  or  after  acceptance.  To  make  it  negotia- 
ble it  must  be  payable  to  the  order  of  the  payee,  or  to  the  bearer,  or  must 
contain  other  equivalent  or  operative  words  of  transfer. 

Bills  of  exchange  containing  no  words  of  transfer,  are  non-negotiable. 

The  usual  form  of  accepting  bills  of  exchange,  is  by  writing  "accepted'* 
across  the  bill,  and  signing  the  acceptor's  name. 

After  such  acceptance  the  acceptor  becomes  liable  for  the  payment  of 
the  bill  upon  its  maturity. 

No  person  within  this  state  shall  be  charged  as  an  acceptor  of  a  bill  of 
exchange  unless  his  acceptance  shall  be  in  writing  signed  by  himself,  or 
his  lawful  agent. 

If  such  acceptance  be  written  on  a  paper  other  than  the  bill,  it  shall  not 
bind  the  acceptor.  Except  in  favor  of  a  person  to  whom  such  acceptance 
shall  have  been  shown,  and  who  upon  the  faith  thereof  shall  have  received 
the  bill  for  a  valuable  consideration. 

An  unconditional  promise  in  writing  to  accept  a  bill  before  it  is 
drawn,  will  be  binding  upon  the  acceptor  in  favor  of  any  person  who 
upon  the  faith  of  such  written  promise  shall  have  received  the  bill  for  a 
valuable  consideration. 

Every  holder  of  a  bill  presenting  the  same  for  acceptance,  may  require 
that  the  acceptance  be  written  on  the  bill,  and  a  refusal  to  comply  with 
such  request,  shall  be  deemed  a  refusal  to  accept,  and  the  bill  may  be  pro- 
tested for  non-acceptance. 

Every  person  upon  whom  a  bill  of  exchange  ma)'  be  drawn,  and  to 
whom  the  same  shall  be  delivered  for  acceptance,  who  shall  destroy  such 
bill  or  refuse  within  twenty-four  hours  after  such  delivery,  or  within  such 
period  as  the  holder  may  allow  to  return  the  bill  accepted  or  non-accepted 
to  the  holders,  shall  be  deemed  to  have  accepted  the  same. 


ABSTRACT    OF    MISSOURI    STATE   LAWS.  1G7 

When  any  bill  of  exchange  expressed  to  be  for  value  received,  drawn 
or  negotiated  within  this  state,  shall  be  duly  presented  for  acceptance  or 
payment,  and  protested  for  non-acceptance  or  non-payment,  there  shall  be 
allowed  and  paid  to  the  holders  by  the  drawer  and  endorsers  having  due 
notice  of  the  dishonor  of  the  bill,  damages  in  the  following  cases:  First, 
if  the  bill  shall  have  been  drawn  bv  an}'  person,  at  any  place  within  this 
state,  at  the  rate  of  four  per  centum  on  the  principal  sum  specified  in  the 
bill.  Second,  if  the  bill  shall  have  been  drawn  on  any  person,  at  any 
place  out  of  this  state,  but  within  the  United  States  or  territories  thereof, 
at  the  rate  of  two  per  centum  on  the  principal  sum  specified  in  the  bill. 
Third,  if  the  bill  shall  have  been  drawn  on  any  person,  at  any  part  or 
place  without  the  United  States  and  their  territories,  at  the  rate  of 
twenty  per  centum  on  the  principal  sum  specified  in  the  bill. 

If  any  bill  of  exchange  expressed  to  be  for  value  received,  shall  be 
drawn  on  any  person,  at  any  place  within  this  state,  and  accepted,  and 
payment  shall  not  be  duly  made  by  the  acceptor,  there  shall  be  allowed 
and  paid  to  the  holder,  by  the  acceptor,  damages  in  the  following  cases: 
First,  if  the  bill  be  drawn  by  any  person,  at  any  place  within  this  state, 
at  the  rate  of  four  per  centum  on  the  principal  sum  therein  specified. 
Second,  if  the  bill  be  drawn  by  any  person,  at  any  place  without  this 
state,  but  within  the  United  States  or  territories,  at  the  rate  of  ten  per 
centum  on  the  principal  sum  therein  specified.     / 

The  damages  herein  allowed  shall  be  recovered  only  by  the  holder  ot 
a  bill,  who  shall  have  purchased  the  bill  or  acquired  some  interest  therein, 
for  valuable  consideration.  In  cases  of  non-acceptance  or  non-payment 
of  a  bill,  drawn  at  any  place  within  this  state,  on  any  person  at  a  place 
within  the  same,  no  damages  shall  be  recovered,  if  payment  of  the  prin- 
cipal sum,  with  interest  and  charges  of  protest,  be  paid  within  twenty 
days  after  demand,  or  notice  of  the  dishonor  of  the  bill. 

If  the  contents  of  a  bill  be  expressed  in  the  money  of  account  of  the 
United  States,  the  amount  due  and  the  damages  therein,  shall  be  ascer- 
tained and  determined  without  any  reference  to  the  rate  of  exchange 
existing  between  this  state  and  the  place  on  which  the  bill  shall  have  been 
drawn,  at  the  time  of  demand  of  payment  or  notice  of  the  dishonor  of  the 
bill. 

If  the  contents  of  such  bill  be  expressed  in  the  money  of  account  or 
currency  of  any  foreign  country,  then  the  amount  due,  exclusive  of  dam- 
ages, shall  be  ascertained  and  determined  by  the  rate  of  exchange,  or  the 
value  of  such  foreign  currency  at  the  time  of  payment. 

Every  bill  of  ex  "hange,  draft  or  order  drawn  either  within  this  state  or 
elsewhere  upon  any  person  residing  within  this  state,  payable  on  its  face 
at  sight,  or  on  demand,  shall  be  deemed  and  considered  to  be  due  and 
payable  on  the  day  it  is  presented,  or  demanded,  any.  usage  or  custom 


168  ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

here  or  elsewhere  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding,  and  if  not  so  paid, 
may  be  protested  for  non-payment.  i 

If  in  any  suit  founded  upon  any  negotiable  promissory  note  or  bill  of 
exchange,  or  in  which  such  bill  or  note  is  produced,  might  be  allowed  in 
the  defense  of  any  suit,  it  appear  on  the  trial  that  such  note  or  bill  was 
lost  while  it  belonged  to  the  party  claiming  the  amount  due  thereon, 
parol  or  other  evidence  of  the  contents  thereof,  may  be  given  on  such 
trial,  and  such  party  shall  be  entitled  to  recover  the  amount  due  thereon 
as  if  such  note  or  bill  had  been  produced. 

To  entitle  a  part}'  to  such  recovery,  he  or  some  responsible  person  for 
him,  shall  execute  a  bond  to  the  adverse  party  in  a  penalty  at  least  double 
the  amount  of  such  note  or  bill,  with  two  sufficient  securities,  to  be 
approved  by  the  court  in  which  the  trial  shall  be  had,  conditioned  to 
indemnify  the  adverse  party  against  all  claims  by  any  other  person  on 
account  of  such  note  or  bill,  and  against  all  costs  and  expenses  by  reason 
of  such  claim. 

BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE  AND  PROMISSORY  NOTES. 

A  promissory  note  is  a  written  promise  to  pay  a  certain  sum  of  money 
at  a  future  time,  unconditionally. 

The  person  to  whom  the  money  is  payable  is  called  the  payee. 

The  maker  is  the  one  who  promises  to  pay  the  money  when  the  note 
becomes  due. 

A  note  payable  to  bearer  is  negotiated  or  transferred  by  mere  delivery, 
and  the  possession  of  the  note  is  frima facie  proof  of  title. 

A  note  payable  to  the  order  of  a  particular  person  is  transferred  or 
negotiated  by  writing  the  name  of  the  person  upon  the  back  of  the  note, 
which  is  called  an  endorsement.  The  person  making  the  endorsement 
is  called  the  endorser.  The  person  for  whose  benefit  it  is  made  is  called 
the  endorsee. 

Every  promissory  note  for  the  payment  of  money  to  the  payee  therein 
named,  or  order  or  bearer,  and  expressed  to  be  for  value  received,  shall  be 
due  and  payable  as  therein  expressed  and  shall  have  the  same  effect  and 
be  negotiable  in  like  manner  as  inland  bills  of  exchange. 

The  payee  and  endorsers  of  every  such  negotiable  note  payable  to  them 
or  order,  and  the  holder  of  every  such  note  payable  to  bearer  may  main- 
tain actions  for  the  sums  of  monev  therein  mentioned,  against  the  makers 
and  endorsers  of  them  in  like  manner  as  in  cases  of  inland  bills  of  exchange, 
and  not  otherwise. 

Such  negotiable  promissory  note  made  payable  to  the  order  of  the 
maker  thereof,  or  to  the  order  of  a  fictitious  person  shall,  if  negotiated  by 
the  maker,  have  the  same  effect  and  be  of  the  same  validity  as  against  the 
maker,  and  all  persons  having  knowledge  of  the  facts,  as  if  payable  to 


ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

bearer.  Provided,  That  negotiable  note  in  the  hands  of  the  purchaser  of 
the  same  from  the  makers  by  way  of  discount  or  investment  if  protested 
for  non-payment  at  maturity,  shall  not  be  subjected  to  damages. 

When  the  day  of  payment  of  any  bond,  bill  of  exchange,  or  promissory 
note,  shall  according  to  its  terms,  be  a  Sunday,  Christmas  day,  Thanks- 
giving day  (State  or  National),  New  Years  day,  or  a  Fourth  of  July,  its 
payment  shall  be  deemed  due  and  be  demandable  on  such  day  next  before 
its  day  of  payment,  according  to  its  terms,  as  shall  not  be  one  of  the  days 
above  specified. 

A  notarial  protest  is  evidence  of  a  demand  and  refusal  to  pay  a  bill  of 
exchange  or  negotiable  promissory  note,  at  the  time  and  in  the  manner 
stated  in  such  protest. 

FORM    OF   NEGOTIABLE    NOTE. 

$1,000.  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug.  1,  1869. 

Thirty  days  after  date,  I  promise  to  pay  Richard  Roe,  or  order, 
One  Thousand  Dollars,  value  received,  with  interest  after  due  at  the  rate 
of  ten  per  cent  per  annum.  Louis  Roy. 

NON-NEGOTIABLE   NOTE. 

$100.00.  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug,  1,  1869. 

Thirty  days  after  date,  I  promise  to  pay  Richard  Roe, 
One  Hundred  Dollars,  value  received,  with  interest  from  date,  at  the  rate 
of  ten  per  cent  per  annum.  Louis  Roy. 

INTEREST. 

The  legal  rate  of  interest  is  six  per  cent. 

Parties  may  agree  in  writing  for  the  payment  of  interest  not  exceeding 
ten  per  cent. 

Money  due  upon  judgments  or  order  of  court,  shall  draw  interest  from 
the  day  of  rendering  the  same.  All  such  judgments  and  orders  for  money 
upon  contracts,  bearing  more  than  six  per  cent.,  shall  bear  the  same  inter- 
est borne  by  such  contracts.  All  other  judgments  and  orders  for  money 
shall  draw  six  per  cent. 

If  a  greater  rate  of  interest  than  ten  per  cent,  is  contracted  for,  and  suit 
brought  upon  the  same,  judgment  will  be  entered  for  six  per  cent.,  and 
the  whole  interest  shall  be  set  apart  for,  and  become  a  part  of  the  com- 
mon school  fund. 

Parties  may  contract  in  writing  for  the  payment  of  interest  upon  inter- 
est; but  interest  shall  not  be  compounded  oftener  than  once  a  year. 
Where  a  different  rate  is  not  expressed,  interest  upon  interest  shall  be  at 
the  same  rate  as  interest  on  the  principal  debt. 


170  ABSTRACT   OF  MISSOURI   STATE  LAWS. 

DESCENTS  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  PROPERTY. 

Property  in  this  state  shall  be  distributed  in  the  following  course,  sub- 
ject to  the  payment  of  debts  and  the  widow's  dower: 

First.     To  the  children  or  their  descendants  in  equal  parts. 

Second.  If  there  be  no  children  or  their  descendants,  then  to  the  father, 
mother,  brothers  and  sisters,  and  their  descendants,  in  equal  parts. 

Third.  If  there  be  no  children,  or  their  descendants,  father,  mother, 
brother  or  sister,  or  their  descendants,  then  to  the  husband  or  wife. 
If  there  be  no  husband  or  wife,  then  to  the  grandfather,  grandmother, 
uncles  and  aunts,  and  their  descendants,  in  equal  parts. 

Fourth.  If  there  be  no  children  or  their  descendants,  father,  mother, 
sister,  brother  or  their  descendants,  husband  or  wife,  grandfather,  grand- 
mother, uncles,  aunts,  nor.  their  descendants,  then  to  the  great-grandfather, 
great-grandmother,  and  their  descendants,  in  equal  parts,  and  so  on  in 
other  cases  without  end,  passing  to  the  nearest  lineal  ancestors  and  their 
children,  and  their  descendants,  in  equal  parts. 

Posthumous  children,  or  descendants  of  the  intestate,  shall  inherit  in 
like  manner  as  if  born  in  the  lifetime  of  the  intestate.  This  does  not 
aPPty  to  anyone  other  than  the  children  or.  descendants  of  the  intestate 
unless  they  are  in  being  and  capable  in  law  to  take  as  heirs  at  the  time  of 
the  intestate's  death. 

If  there  be  no  children  or  their  descendants,  father,  mother,  brother  or 
sister,  nor  their  descendants,  husband  or  wife,  nor  any  paternal  or  mater- 
nal kindred  capable  of  inheriting,  the  whole  shall  go  to  the  kindred  of  the 
wife  or  husband  of  the  intestate  in  the  like  course  as  if  such  wife  or  hus- 
band had  survived  the  intestate  and  then  died  entitled  to  the  estate. 

If  any  of  the  children  receive  anv  real  or  personal  estate  in  the  lifetime 
of  the  intestate  by  way  of  advancement,  shall  choose  to  come  into  par- 
tition with  the  other  heirs,  such  advancement  shall  be  brought  into 
hatchpot  with  the  estate  descended. 

Maintaining,  educating,  or  giving  money  to  a  child  under  majority 
without  any  view  to  a  portion  or  settlement,  shall  not  be  deemed  an 
advancement. 

Bastards  shall  inherit  and  be  capable  of  transmitting  inheritance  on  the 
part  of  their  mother,  and  such  mother  may  inherit  from  her  bastard 
child  or  children  in  like  manner  as  if  they  had  been  lawfully  begotten  of 
her. 

The  issues  of  all  marriages  decreed  null  in  law  or  dissolved  by  divorce 
shall  be  legitimate. 

Persons  of  color  shall  inherit  as  above  set  forth,  providing  it  shall 
appear  to  the  court  that  they  are  residents  of  this  state,  or  if  residents  of 
some  other  state,  are  free  persons. 

The  children  of  all  parents  who  were  slaves,  and  who  were  living 


ABSTRACT    OF    MISSOURI    STATE    LAWS.  171 

together  in  good  faith  as  man  and  wife  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  such 
children,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  legitimate  children  of  such  parents. 
All  children  of  any  one  mother  who  was  a  slave  at  the  time  of  her  birth 
shall  be  deemed  lawful  brothers  and  sisters  for  the  purposes  of  this 
chapter. 

WILLS. 

The  term  will,  or  last  will  and  testament,  means  the  disposition  of  one's 
property,  to  take  effect  after  death.  No  exact  form  of  words  is  neces- 
sary in  order  to  make  a  will  good  at  law. 

Every  person  of  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  upward,  of  sound  mind, 
may,  by  last  will,  devise  all  his  estate,  real,  personal  and  mixed,  and  all 
interest  therein,  saving  the  widow  her  dower.  Every  person  over  the 
age  of  eighteen  years,  of  sound  mind,  may  by  last  will,  dispose  of  his 
goods  and  chatties.  Every  will  must  be  in  writing,  signed  by  the  testator 
or  by  some  person  by  his  direction,  in  his  presence,  and  shall  be  attested 
by  two  or  more  competent  witnesses,  subscribing  their  names  to  the  will 
in  the  presence  of  the  testator. 

No  will  in  writing,  except  in  cases  hereinafter  mentioned,  nor  any  part 
thereof,  shall  be  revoked,  except  by  a  subsequent  will  in  writing,  or  by 
burning,  canceling,  tearing  or  obliterating  the  same  by  the  testator,  or  in 
his  presence,  and  by  his  consent  and  direction. 

If,  after  making  a  will  disposing  of  the  whole  estate  of  the  testator, 
such  testator  shall  marry,  and  die,  leaving  issue  by  such  marriage  living 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  or  shall  leave  issue  of  such  marriage  born  to 
him  after  his  death,  such  will  shall  be  deemed  revoked,  unless  provisions 
shall  have  been  made  for  such  issue  by  some  settlement,  or  unless  such 
issue  shall  be  provided  for  in  the  will,  and  no  evidence  shall  be  received  to 
rebut  the  presumption  of  such  revocation. 

A  will  executed  by  an  unmarried  woman  shall  be  deemed  revoked  by 
her  subsequent  marriage. 

If  a  person  make  his  will  and  die  leaving  children  not  provided  for, 
although  born  after  making  the  will,  he  shall  be  deemed  to  die  intestate, 
and  such  children  shall  be  entitled  to  such  proportion  as  if  he  had  died 
intestate.     All  other  heirs  or  legatees  must  refund  their  proportionate  part. 

The  county  court  or  clerk  thereof  in  vacation  subject  to  the  confirma- 
tion or  rejection  of  the  court,  shall  take  the  proof  of  the  last  will  of  the 
testator. 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  WILL  FOR  REAL  AND  PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 
I,  Richard  Johnson,  of  Carroll  county,  in  the  state  of  Missouri,  being 
of  sound  mind  and  memory,  and  of  full  age,  do  hereby  make  and  publish 
this,  my  last  will  and  testament,  hereby  revoking  all  former  wills  by  me 
made. 


172  ABSTRACT   OF    MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

First.  I  direct  the  payment  of  all  lawful  claims  against  my  estate,  to 
be  made  out  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  my  personal  property. 

Second.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  my  eldest  son,  John  B.  Johnson, 
the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  of  bank  stock,  in  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Lexington,  Missouri,  and  the  farm  owned  by  myself  in  the  town- 
ship of  ,  in  the  county  of  Saline,  consisting  of  100  acres,  with  all 

the  houses,  tenements  and  improvements  thereunto  belonging,  to  have 
and  to  hold  unto  my  said  son,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever. 

Third.  I  give,  devise,  and  bequeath  to  each  of  my  daughters,  Mary  E. 
Johnson  and  Clara  B.  Johnson,  each  five  thousand  dollars  in  bank  stock,. 
in  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Lexington,  Missouri;  and  also,  each  one 

quarter  section  of  land  owned  by  myself,  situated  in  the  township  of 

Ray  county,  Missouri. 

Fourth.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  my  son,  Frank  R.  Johnson,  the 
farm  owned  by  myself,  situated  in  Chariton  county,  Missouri,  consisting 
of  six  hundred  and  forty  acres,  together  with  all  stock,  houses,  anc 
improvements,  thereunto  belonging. 

Fifth.  I  give  to  my  wife,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  all  my  household  furni- 
ture, goods,  chattels  and  personal  property  about  my  house,  not  hitherto 
disposed  of,  including  six  thousand  dollars  of  bank  stock,  in  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Lexington,  Missouri,  and  the  free  and  unrestricted  use, 
possession  and  benefit  of  the  home  farm,  so  long  as  she  may  live — saic 
farm  being  my  present  place  of  residence. 

Sixth.  I  give  and  bequeath  to  my  mother,  Martha  Johnson,  the  income 
from  rents  of  my  store  building,  at  No.  905  Pine  street,  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, during  the  term  of  her  natural  life,  said  building  and  land  therewith 
to  revert  to  my  sons  and  daughters,  in  equal  proportions,  upon  the  demise 
of  my  said  mother. 

Seventh.  It  is  also  my  will  and  desire  that  at  the  death  of  my  wife,  Eliz- 
abeth Johnson,  that  the  above,  mentioned  homestead  may  revert  to  m; 
above  named  children,  or  to  the  lawful  heirs  of  each. 

Eighth.  I  appoint  as  my  executors  of  this,  my  last  will  and  testament, 
my  wife,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  and  my  eldest  son  John  B.  Johnson. 

In  witness  whereof,  I,  Richard  Johnson,  to  this,  my  last  will  and  testa- 
ment, have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal,  this  fourth  day  of  June 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five.  Richard  Johnson. 

Signed  and  declared  by  Richard  Richard  Johnson,  as  and  for  his  last 
will  and  testament,  in  the  presence  of  each  other,  have  subscribed  our 
names  hereunto,  as  witnesses  thereof. 

Edward  Davison,  Sedaliay  Missouri. 
Frederick  Jones,  Marshall,  Missouri. 


ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS.  173 

CODICIL. 

Whereas,  I,  Richard  Johnson,  did,  on  the  fourth  day  of  June,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-five,  make  my  last  will  and  testa- 
ment, I  do  now,  by  this  writing  add  this  codicil  to  my  said  will,  to  be 
taken  as  part  thereof. 

Whereas,  By  the  dispensation  of  Providence,  my  daughter,  Clara  B. 
Johnson,  has  deceased,  March  the  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six;  and  -whereas,  a.  son  has  been  born  to  me,  which  son  is  now  christened 
David  S.  Johnson,  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  him  my  gold  watch,  and  all 
right,  interest  and  title  in  lands  and  bank  stock,  and  chattels  bequeathed 
to  my  deceased  daughter,  Clara  B.,  in  the  body  of  this  will. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  hereunto  place  my  hand  and  seal,  this  tenth  day 
of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-seven.         Richard  Johnson. 

Signed,  sealed,  published  and  declared  to  us,  by  the  testator,  Richard 
Johnson,  as  and  for  a  codicil,  to  be  annexed  to  his  will  and  testament;  and 
we,  at  his  request  and  in  his  presence,  and  in  the  presence  of  each  other 
have  subscribed  our  names  as  witnesses  thereto,  at  the  date  hereof. 

Peter  Brown,  Lexington,  Missouri. 
Robert   Burr,  Richmond,  Missouri. 

TAXES. 

For  the  support  of  the  government  of  the  state,  the  payment  of  the 
public  debt,  and  the  advancement  of  the  public  interest,  taxes  shall  be 
levied  on  all  property,  real  and  personal,  except  as  stated  below : 

No  tax  shall  be  assessed  for  or  imposed  by  any  city,  county,  or  other 
municipal  corporation,  or  for  their  use  upon  the  following  property:  All 
houses,  necessary  furniture  and  equipments  thereof,  used  exclusively  for 
public  worship,  and  the  lot  of  ground  on  which  the  same  may  be  erected. 
All  orphan  or  other  asylums,  for  the  relief  of  the  sick  or  needy,  with  their 
furniture  and  equipments,  and  the  lands  on  which  they  are  erected  and 
used  therewith,  so  long  as  the  same  shall  be  held  and  used  for  that  pur- 
pose only ;  all  universities,  colleges,  academies,  schools,  and  all  other  sem- 
inaries of  learning,  with  the  furniture  and  equipments,  and  land  thereto, 
belonging  or  used  immediately  therewith,  and  their  endowment  fund, 
when  not  invested  in  real  estate,  so  long  as  the  same  shall  be  employed 
for  that  purpose  only.  Provided,  That  the  land  hereby  exempted  from 
taxation,  belonging  to  any  of  the  last  named  institutions,  in  any  city  or 
town,  shall  not  exceed  two  acres,  and  in  the  county,  not  exceed  five  acres. 
And  further  provided,  That  such  property,  so  exempted,  shall  not  be 
under  rent  to  any  person,  corporation,  or  society,  and  shall  not,  in  any 
way  or  manner,  be  paying  or  yielding  any  rent  or  profit.  Cemeteries 
and  graveyards  set  apart  and  used  for  that  purpose  only.  All  real  estate 
and  other  property  belonging  to  any  incorporated  agricultural  society,  so 


174:  ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

long  as  the  same  shall  be  employed  for  the  use  of  such  society  and  none 
other.  All  libraries  and  their  furniture  and  equipments,  belonging  to  any 
library  association  or  society.  Nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed 
as  to  exempt  from  municipal  or  local  taxation  any  description  of  property, 
when  the  same  is  held  for  the  purpose  of  pecuniary  profit  or  speculation. 

Lots  in  incorporated  cities  or  towns,  or  within  one  mile  of  the  limits  of 
such  city  or  town,  to  the  extent  of  one  acre,  and  lots,  one  mile  distant 
from  such  cities  or  towns,  to  the  extent  of  five  acres,  with  the  buildings 
thereon,  when  the  same  are  used  exclusively  for  religious  worship,  for 
schools,  or  for  purposes  purely  charitable,  shall  be  exempt  from  taxatior 
for  state,  county,  or  local  purposes. 

There  shall  be  annually  assessed  and  collected  on  the  assessed  value  oi 
all  the  real  estate  and  personal  property  subject  by  law  to  taxation  in  the 
state  one-fifth  of  one  per  centum  for  state  revenue  and  one-fifth  of  one 
per  centum  for  the  payment  of  all  state  indebtedness. 

The  assessor  or  his  deputy  or  deputies  shall,   between  the  first  days  ol 
August  and  January,  and  after  being  furnished  with  the  necessary  books 
and  blanks  by  the  county  clerk,  at  the  expense  of  the  county,  proceed  to  take 
a  list  of  the  taxable  personal  property  in  his  county,  town,  or  district,  anc 
assess  the  value  thereof  in  the  manner  following,  to-wit:      He  shall  call  at 
the  office,  place  of  doing  business,  or  residence  of  each  person  requirec 
by  this  act  to  list  property,  and  shall  require  such  person  to  make  a  cor- 
rect statement  of  all  taxable  property  owned  by  such   person,  or  under 
the  care,  charge,  or  management  of  such  person,  except  merchandise 
which  may  be  required  to  pay  a  license  tax,  being  in  any  county  in  this 
state,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  person  listin| 
the  property  shall  enter  a  true  and  correct  statement  of  such  property  ii 
a  printed  or  written  blank  prepared  for  that   purpose,*  which  statement 
after  being  filled  out,  shall  be  signed  and  sworn  to,  to  the  extent  required 
by  this  act,  by  the  person  listing  the  property,  and  delivered  to   the 
assessor,  and  such  assessor's  book  shall  be  arranged  and  divided  into  two 
parts:     The  "land  list"  and  the  "personal  property  list."     If  any  tax- 
payer shall  fail  or  neglect  to  pay  such  collector  his  taxes  at  the  time  and 
place  required  by  such  notices,  then  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  collector 
after  the  first  day  of  January  then  next,  to  collect  and  account  for  as 
other  taxes,  an  additional  tax,  as  a  penalty,  of  one  per  cent  per  month 
upon  all  taxes  collected  by  him  after  the  first  day  of  January,  as  afore- 
said, and  in  computing  said  additional  tax  or  penalty  a  fractional  part  of 
a  month  shall  not  be  counted  as  a  whole  month.     Collectors  shall  on  the 
day  of  their  annual  settlement  with  the  county  court,  file  with  said  court  a 
statement  under  oath  of  the  amount  so  received,  and  from  whom  received, 
and  settle  with  the  court  therefor;  -provided,  however,  that  said  interest 
shall  not  be  chargeable  against  persons  who  are  absent  from  their  homes 


ABSTRACT    OF    MISSOURI    STATE    LAWS.  175 

and  engaged  in  the  military  service  of  this  state,  or  of  the  United  States, 
or  against  any  tax  payer  who  shall  pay  his  taxes  to  the  collector  at  any 
time  before  the  first  day  of  January  in  each  year;  provided,  that  the 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  apply  to  the  city  of  St.  Louis  so  far  as  the 
same  relates  to  the  addition  of  said  interest  which  in  said  city  shall  be 
collected  and  accounted  for  by  the  collector  as  other  taxes,  for  which  he 
shall  receive  no  compensation. 

Every  county  collector  shall  on  or  before  the  fifteenth  day  of  each 
month  pay  to  the  state  treasurer  all  taxes  or  licenses  received  by  him 
prior  to  the  first  day  of  the  month. 

The  sheriff's  deed  executed  to  the  purchaser  of  real  estate  under  a  sale 
for  delinquent  taxes,  which  shall  be  acknowledged  before  the  circuit  court 
of  the  county  or  city  as  in  ordinary  cases;  shall  conyey  a  title  in  fee  to 
such  purchaser  of  the  real  estate  therein  named,  and  shall  be  -prima  facie 
evidence  of  title,  and  the  matters  and  things  therein  stated  are  true. 

COURTS  OF  RECORD— THEIR  JURISDICTION. 

SUPREME    COURT. 

At  the  general  election  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty,  and 
every  two  years  thereafter,  there  shall  be  elected  one  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  who  shall  hold  his  office  for  a  term  of  ten  years  from  the 
first  day  of  January  next  after  his  election,  and  until  his  successor  is  duly 
elected  and  qualified.  The  majority  of  the  judges  may  order  special 
terms. 

CIRCUIT   COURTS. 

At  the  general  election  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eighty,  and  at  the  general  election  every  sixth  year  thereafter,  except  as 
otherwise  provided  by  law,  all  the  circuit  judges  shall  be  elected,  and 
shall  enter  upon  their  offices  on  the  first  Monday  in  January  next  ensuing. 
Circuit  courts  in  the  respective  counties  in  which  they  may  be  held  shall 
have  power  and  jurisdiction  as  follows :  First,  as  courts  of  law  in  all 
criminal  cases  which  shall  not  be  otherwise  provided  for  by  law.  Second, 
exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  cases  which  shall  not  be  cogniz- 
able before  the  county  courts,  probate  courts,  and  justices  of  the  peace 
and  not  otherwise  provided  by  law.  Third,  concurrent  original  jurisdic- 
tion with  justices  of  the  peace  in  all  civil  actions  and  proceedings  for  the 
recovery  of  money,  whether  such  action  be  founded  upon  contract  or 
trust  or  upon  a" bond  or  undertaking  given  in  pursuance  of  law  in  any 
civil  action  or  proceeding,  or  for  a  penalty  or  forfeiture  given  by  any 
statute  of  this  state  when  the  sum  demanded,  exclusive  of  interest  and 
cost,  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars  and  does  not  exceed  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars,  and  of  all  actions  against  any  railroad  company  in  this  state  to 
recover  damages  for  the  killing  or  injuring  of  horses,  mules,  cattle  or 


176  ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE    LAWS. 


other  animals,  without  regard  to  the  value  of  such  animals  or  the  amount 
claimed  for  killing  or  injury,  the  same  in  all  counties  or  cities  having  over 
fifty  thousand  inhabitants;  concurrent  original  jurisdiction  with  justices 
of  the  peace  of  all  actions  and  proceedings  for  the  recovery  of  money, 
whether  such  actions  be  founded  upon  contract  or  tort  or  upon  a  bond 
or  undertaking  given  in  any  civil  action  or  proceeding,  or  for  a  penalty  or 
forfeiture  given  by  any  statute  of  this  state  when  the  sum  demanded, 
exclusive  of  interest  and  cost,  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars  and  not  exceed 
two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  and  of  all  actions  against  any  railroad  com- 
pany in  this  state  to  recover  damages  for  the  killing  or  injuring  horses, 
mules,  cattle  or  other  animals,  without  regard  to  the  value  of  such  ani- 
mals or  the  amount  of  damages  claimed  for  killing  or  injuring  the  same. 
Fourth,  appellate  jurisdiction  from  the  judgments  and  orders  of  the  coun- 
ty court,  probate  court,  and  justices  of  the  peace  in  all  cases  not  expressly 
prohibited  by  law,  and  shall  possess  the  superintending  control  over  them. 
Fifth,  the  general  control  over  executors,  administrators,  guardians,  cura- 
tors, minors,  idiots,  lunatics,  and  persons  of  unsound  mind. 

COUNTY     COURT. 

The  county  court  shall  be  composed  of  three  members,  to  be  styled  the 
judges  of  the  county  court;  and  each  county  shall  be  districted  by  the 
county  court  thereof  into  two  districts  of  contiguous  territory,  as  near 
equal  in  population  as  practicable,  without  dividing  municipal  townships. 
Judges  of  this  court  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  two  years.  At  the 
general  election  of  1882,  they  shall  be  elected  for  four  years.  Four  terms 
of  the  county  court  shall  be  held  in  each  county  annually,  at  the  place  of 
holding  courts  therein,  commencing  on  the  first  Monday  in  February, 
May,  August,  and  November,  and  shall  also  have  power  to  order  special 
terms.  This  court  has  control  of  county  property,  settling  with  county 
treasurers,  etc. 

PROBATE   COURTS. 

A  probate  court  which  shall  be  a  court  of  record  and  consist  of  one 
judge  is  hereby  established  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  and  in  every  county  in 
this  state. 

Jurisdiction — Said  court  shall  have  jurisdiction  over  all  matters  per- 
taining to  probate  business,  to  granting  letters  testimentary  and  of  adminis- 
tration, the  appointment  of  guardians  and  curators  of  minors  and  per- 
sons of  unsound  mind,  settling  the  accounts  of  executors,  administrators, 
curators  and  guardians,  and  the  sale  or  leasing  of  lands  by  administrators, 
curators  and  guardians,  and  over  all  matters  relating  to  apprentices,  and 
such  judges  shall  have  the  power  to  solemnize  marriages. 

Judges  of  this  court  shall  be  elected  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-eight,  and  every  four  years  thereafter.  Said  judge  shall  be  com- 
missioned by  the  governor  and  shall  hold  his  office  for  four  years. 


ABSTRACT    OF   MISSOURI    STATE   LAWS.  177 

ST.  LOUIS  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

The  qualified  voters  of  the  counties  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  the  counties 
of  St.  Louis,  St.  Charles,  Lincoln  and  Warren,  shall  elect  a  judge  of  the 
St.  Louis  court  of  appeals,  who  shall  be  a  resident  of  district  composed  of 
said  counties,  and  who  shall  hold  offices  for  a  term  of  twelve  years.  The 
St.  Louis  court  of  appeals  shall  consist  of  three  judges,  who  shall  possess 
the  same  qualifications  as  judges  of  the  supreme  court.  The  court  shall 
have  a  marshal,  janitor  and  reporter. 

LIMITATIONS  OF  ACTIONS. 

CRIMINAL    PROCEDURE. 

Offenses  punishable  with  death  or  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary  dur- 
ing life,  may  be  prosecuted  at  any  time  after  the  offense  shall  have  been 
committed. 

For  felonies  other  than  above  mentioned,  within  three  years  after  the 
commission  of  the  offense. 

For  any  offense  other  than  felony  or  fine  or  forfeiture,  within  one  year 
after  the  commission  of  the  offense. 

Actions  and  suits  upon  statute  for  penalty  or  forfeiture  given  in  whole 
or  part,  to  any  person  who  will  prosecute  within  one  year  after  the  com- 
missions of  the  offense. 

When  penalty  is  given  in  whole  or  in  part  to  the  state,  or  county  or 
city  or  the  treasurer  of  the  same,  suit  must  be  brought  within  two  years. 

Actions  upon  any  statute  for  any  penalty  or  forfeiture  given  in  whole  or 
in  part  to  the  party  aggrieved  within  three  years. 

Actions  against  moneyed  corporations,  or  against  the  directors  or  stock- 
holders of  the  same,  shall  be  brought  within  six  years  of  the  discovery. 

LIMITATION    OF    PERSONAL    ACTIONS. 

Civil  actions  other  than  those  for  the  recovery  of  real  propery,  must 
be  commenced  within  the  periods  here  prescribed. 

Actions  upon  any  writing,  whether  sealed  or  unsealed,  for  the  payment 
of  money  or  property,  within  ten  years. 

Actions  brought  on  any  covenant  of  warranty  in  deed,  or  conveyance  of 
land;  within  ten  years. 

Actions  on  any  covenant  of  seizure  contained  in  any  such  deed,  within 
ten  years. 

Actions  upon  contracts,  obligations,  or  liabilities — express  or  implied, 
except  as  above  mentioned,  and  except  upon  judgments  or  decrees  of  a 
court  of  record,  within  five  years. 
12 


178  ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI  STATE   LAWS. 

Actions  upon  liability  created  by  statute,  other  than  penalty  or  forfeiture, 
five  years. 

Actions  for  trespass  on  real  estate,  five  years. 

Actions  for  taking,  detaining,  or  injuring  any  goods  or  chattels,  includ- 
ing actions  for  the  recovery  of  specific  personal  property,  or  for  any  other 
injury  to  the  person  or  rights  of  another  not  arising  on  contract  and  not 
otherwise  enumerated,  five  years. 

Actions  for  relief  on  the  ground  of  fraud,  five  years. 

Actions  against  a  sheriff,  coroner,  or  other  public  officer  upon  a  liability 
incurred  by  doing  an  act  in  his  official  capacity,  or  the  omission  of  an 
official  duty,  non-payment  of  money  collected,  etc.,  three  years. 

Actions  upon  a  statute  for  a  penalty  or  forfeiture  where  the  action  is 
given  to  the  party  aggrieved,  or  to  such  party  and  the  state,  three  years. 

Actions  for  libel,  slander,  assault  and  battery,  false  imprisonment,  or 
•criminal  conversation,  two  years. 

LIMITATIONS  OF  ACTIONS    RELATING   TO  REAL  PROPERTY. 

Actions  for  the  recovery  of  any  lands,  tenements,  or  hereditaments,  or 
for  the  recovery  of  the  possession  thereof,  shall  be  commenced  by  any 
person  whether  citizen,  denizen,  alien,  resident  or  non-resident,  unless 
his  ancestor,  predecessor,  grantor,  or  other  person  under  whom  he  claims 
was  seized  or  possessed  of  the  premises  in  question,  within  ten  years 
before  the  commencement  of  such  actions,  except  in  case  of  military  bounty 
lands,  which  must  be  brought  within  two  years.  » 

No  entry  upon  any  lands,  tenements  or  hereditaments  shall  be  valid  as  a 
claim,  unless  the  action  be  commenced  thereon  within  one  year  after  the 
making  of  such  entry,  and  within  ten  years  from  the  time  when  the  right 
to  make  such  entry  accrued. 

If  anv  person  entitled  to  bring  an  action  as  above  stated,  shall  be  under 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  or  imprisoned  for  less  than  life,  or  insane,  or  a 
married  woman,  the  time  during  such  disability  shall  continue,  shall  not  be 
deemed  any  portion  of  the  time  limited  for  the  com^nencement  of  such 
action  or  the  making  of  such  entry  after  the  time  so  limited,  and  may  b 
brought  in  three  years  after  the  disability  is  removed. 

If  an}'  person  having  the  right  to  bring  such  action  or  make  such  entr 
die  during  the   disability  mentioned,   and   no  determination  be  had  of  the 
right,  tide,  or  action  to  him  accrued,  his  heirs«or  any  one  claiming  under 
him,  may  commence  such  action  within  three  years.  # 

JURIES. 

SELECTION   OF  GRAND  JURY. 

A  grand  jury  shall  consist  of  twelve  men,  and,  unless  otherwise  ordere 
as  hereinafter  provided,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  sheriff  of  each  count 
in  the  state  to  summon  within  the  time  prescribed  by  law  a  panel  of 


: 


ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS.  171) 

grand  jurors,  consisting  of  twelve  good  and  lawful  men,  selected  from 
the  different  townships  of  his  county,  as  near  as  may  be  in  proportion  to 
the  number  of  male  citizens  in  each,  to  be  returned  to  each  regular  term 
of  the  courts  in  his  county  having  criminal  jurisdiction. 

Every  juror,  grand  and  petit,  shall  be  a  male  citizen  of  the  state, 
resident  in  the  county,  sober  and  intelligent,  of  good  reputation,  over 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  otherwise  qualified. 

In  all  counties  having  a  population  less  than  twenty  thousand  inhabit- 
ants, every  juror,  grand  and  petit,  shall  be  a  male  citizen  of  the  state, 
resident  in  the  county,  sober  and  intelligent,  of  good  reputation,  over 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  otherwise  qualified. 

No  exception  to  a  juror  on  account  of  his  citizenship,  non-residence, 
state,  or  age,  or  other  legal  disability,  shall  be  allowed  after  the  jury  is 
sworn. 

No  person  being  a  member  of  any  volunteer  fire  department  duly 
organized  and  ready  for  active  service ;  no  person  employed  in  any  paid 
fire  department,  and  no  person  exercising  the  functions  of  a  clergyman, 
practitioner  of  medicine,  or  attorney-at-law,  clerk  or  other  officer  of  any 
court,  ferry-keeper,  postmaster,  overseer  of  roads,  coroner,  constable, 
miller,  professor  or  other  teacher  in  any  school  or  institution  of  learning, 
judge  of  a  court  of  record,  or  any  person  over  the  age  of  sixty-five  years 
shall  be  compelled  to  serve  on  any  jury. 

No  person  shall  be  summoned  to  serve  at  more  than  one  term  of  court, 
either  as  grand  or  petit  juror,  within  the  period  of  one  year  in  any  court 
of  record.  Each  person  summoned  under  this  act  shall  receive  one  dollar 
and  fifty  cents  per  day  for  every  day  he  shall  serve  as  such,  and  five  cents 
for  every  mile  he  may  necessarily  travel  in  going  from  his  place  of  resi- 
dence to  the  court  house  and  returning  to  the  same,  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
county  treasury. 

All  persons  duly  summoned  as  grand  or  petit  jurors  may  be  attached 
for  non-attendance,  and  fined  by  the  court  for  contempt  in  any  sum  not 
exceeding  fifty  dollars,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

In  all  suits  which  hereafter  may  be  pending  in  any  court  of  record  in 
this  state  the  clerk  shall,  if  a  jury  be  sworn  to  try  the  same,  tax  up  as 
other  costs  against  the  unsuccessful  party  a  jury  fee  of  six  dollars,  which 
shall  be  collected  by  the  sheriff,  and  paid  into  the  hands  of  the  county 
treasurer,  who  shall  keep  an  account  thereof,  in  a  separate  book  to  be 
provided  for  that  purpose,  and  the  money  so  collected  and  paid  in  shall 
constitute  a  jury  fund. 

Grand  jurors  shall  not  be  compelled  to  serve  on  a  petit  jury  during  the 
same  term. 

In  all  civil  cases  in  courts  of  record,  where  "a.  jury  is  demanded,  there 
shall  be  summoned  and  returned  eighteen  qualified  jurors;  but  in  appeal 


180  ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

cases  the  number  shall  be  the  same  as  allowed  by  law  in  the  courts  from 
which  the  appeals  are  taken,  and  the  number  of  peremptory  challenges  in 
addition. 

In  the  trial  of  civil  causes,  each  party  shall  be  entitled  to  challenge  per- 
emptorily three  jurors. 

MARRIED  WOMEN. 

The  homestead  of  every  housekeeper  or  head  of  a  family,  consisting  of 
a  dwelling-house  and  appurtenances,  and  the  land  used  in  connection  there- 
with, which  shall  be  used  by  such  housekeeper  or  head  of  a  family  as  such 
homestead,  shall  be  exempt  from  attachment  and  execution.  'Such  home- 
stead in  the  country  shall  not  include  more  than  160  acres  of  land  or  exceed 
the  total  value  of  $1,500 ;  and  in  cities  having  a  population  of  40,000  or 
more  such  homestead  shall  not  include  more  than  eighteen  square  rods  of 
ground,  or  exceed  the  total  value  of  three  thousand  dollars;  and  in  cities 
or  incorporated  towns  and  villages  having  a  less  population  than  40,000, 
such  homestead  shall  not  include  more  than  thirty  square  rods  of  ground, 
or  exceed  the  total  value  of  $1,500.  After  the  filing  by  the  wife  of  her 
claim  upon  the  homestead  as  such,  the  husband  shall  be  debarred  from 
and  incapable  of  selling,  mortgaging  or  alienating  the  homestead  in  any 
manner  whatever. 

A  husband  and  wife  may  convev  the  real  estate  of  the  wife,  and  the 
wife  may  relinquish  her  dower  in  the  real  estate  of  her  husband,  by  their 
joint  deed,  acknowledged  and  certified  as  herein  provided,  but  no  covenant 
expressed  or  implied  in  such  deed  shall  bind  the  wife  or  the  heirs  except 
so  far  as  may  be  necessary  effectually  to  convey  from  her  or  her  heirs  all 
her  right,  title  and  interest  expressed  to  be  conveyed  therein. 

A  married  woman  may  convey  her  real  estate  or  relinquish  her  dower 
in  the  real  estate  of  her  husband  by  a  power  of  attorney  authorizing  its 
conveyance,  executed  and  acknowledged  by  her  jointly  with  her  husband, 
as  deeds  conveying  real  estate  by  them  are  required  to  be  executed  and 
acknowledged. 

If  any  married  woman  shall  hold  real  estate  in  her  own  right,  and  her 
husband,  by  criminal  conduct  towardaher,  or  by  ill  usage,  shall  give  such 
married  woman  cause  to  live  separate  and  apart  from  her  husband,  such 
woman  may  by  her  next  friend  petition  the  circuit  court,  setting  forth  such 
facts,  and  therein  pray  that  such  estate  may  be  enjoyed  by  her  for  her 
sole  use  and  benefit. 

Any  personal  property,  including  rights  in  action,  belonging  to  any 
woman  at  her  marriage,  or  which  may  have  come  to  her  during  coverture 
by  gift,  bequest  or  inheritance,  or  by  purchase  with  her  separate  money 
or  means,  or  be  due  as  the  wages  of  her  separate  labor,  or  have  grown 
out  of  any  violation  of  her  personal  rights,  shall,  together  with  all  income, 
increase   and   profits   thereof,   be  and  remain  her  separate  property,  and 


ABSTRACT   OF    MISSOURI    STATE   LAWS.  181 

under  her  sole  control,  and  shall  not  be  liable  to  be  taken  by  any  process 
of  law  for  the  debts  of  her  husband. 

EXEMPTIONS  FROM  EXECUTION. 
Whenever  the  personal  property  of  any  homestead  or  head  of  a  family 
shall  be  attached  or  taken  in  execution,  the  debtor  therein  shall  claim  that 
the  same,  or  any  part  thereof,  is  the  product  of  such  homestead,  the  officer 
taking  the  same  shall  cause  appraisers  to  be  appointed  and  sworn,  as  in 
the  case  of  the  levy  of  execution  on  real  estate,  and  such  appraisers  shall 
decide  upon  such  claim  and  settle  the  products  of  such  homestead  to  such 
debtor  accordingly,  and  the  proceedings  therein  shall  be  stated  by  such 
officer  in  his  return. 

Any  policy  of  insurance  heretofore  or  hereafter  made  by  any  insurance 
company  on  the  life  of  any  person,  expressed  to  be  for  the  benefit  of  any 
married  woman,  whether  the  same  be  effected  by  herself  or  by  her  hus- 
band, or  by  any  third  person  in  her  behalf,  shall  inure  to  her  separate  use 
and  benefit  and  that  of  her  children,  if  any,  independently  of  her  husband 
and  of  his  creditors  and  representatives,  and  also  independently  of  such 
third  person  effecting  the  same  in  his  behalf,  his  creditors  and  representa- 
tives. 

The  following  property  only  shall  be  exempt  from  attachment  and  exe- 
cution when  owned  by  any  person  other  than  the  head  of  a  family:  First, 
the  wearing  apparel  of  all  persons.  Second,  the  necessary  tools  and 
implements  of  trade  of  any  mechanic  while  carrying  on  his  trade. 

The  following  property,  when  owned  by  the  head  of  a  family,  shall  be 
exempt  from  attachment  and  execution.  First,  ten  head  of  choice  hogs, 
ten  head  of  choice  sheep,  or  the  product  thereof,  in  wool,  yarn  or  cloth; 
two  cows  and  calves,  two  plows,  one  axe,  one  hoe  and  one  set  of  plow 
gears  and  all  necessary  farm  implements  for  the  use  of  one  man.  Second, 
wording  animals  of  the  value  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  Third, 
the  spinning  wheel  and  cards,  one  loom  and  apparatus  necessary  for  man- 
ufacturing cloth  in  a  private  family.  Fourth,  all  the  spun  yarn,  thread 
and  cloth,  manufactured  for  family  use.  Fifth,  any  quantity  of  hemp,  flax 
and  wool  not  exceeding  twenty-five  pounds  each.  Sixth,  all  wearing 
apparel  of  the  family,  four  beds  with  their  usual  bedding,  and  such  other 
household  and  kitchen  furniture  not  exceeding  the  value  of  one  hundred 
dollars,  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  family,  agreeably  to  an  inventory 
thereof  to  be  returned  on  oath,  with  the  execution,  by  the  officer  whose 
duty  it  may  be  to  levy  the  same.  Seventh,  the  necessary  tools  and  imple- 
ments of  trade  of  any  mechanic,  while  carrying  on  his  trade.  Eighth, 
all  arms  and  equipments  required  by  law  to  be  kept.  Ninth,  all  such 
provisions  as  may  be  found  on  hand  for  family  use,  not  exceeding  one 
hundred  dollars  in  value.      Tenth,  the  bibles  and  other  books  used  in  a 


182  ABSTRACT  OF  MISSOURI  STATE  LAWS. 

family,  lettered  grave  stones,  and  one  pew  in  a  house  of  worship. 
Eleventh^  all  lawyers,  physicians  and  ministers  of  the  gospel  shall  have 
the  privilege  of  selecting  such  books  as  may  be  necessary  in  their  profes- 
sion, in  the  place  of  other  property  herein  allowed  at  their  option ;  that 
doctors  of  medicine  in  lieu  of  the  property  exempt  from  execution, 
may  be  allowed  to  select  their  medicines.  In  all  cases  of  the  sale  of  per- 
sonal property,  the  same  shall  be  subject  to  execution  against  the  pur- 
chaser on  a  judgment  for  the  purchase  price  thereof,  and  shall  in  no  case 
be  exempt  from  such  judgment  and  execution  for  the  purchase  price  as 
between  the  vendor,  his  assignee,  heir  or  legal  representative  and  pur- 
chaser. « 

FENCES. 

All  fields  and  inclosures  shall  be  inclosed  by  hedge,  or  with  a  fence 
sufficiently  close,  composed  of  posts  and  rails,  posts  and  palings,  posts  and 
planks,  posts  and  wires,  palisades  or  rails  alone,  laid  up  in  the  manner  com- 
monly called  a  worm  fence,  or  of  turf  with  ditches  on  each  side,  or  of 
stone  or  brick. 

All  hedges  shall  be  at  least  four  feet  high,  and  all  fences  composed  of 
posts  and  rails,  posts  and  palings,  posts  and  wire,  posts  and  planks  or  pal- 
isades shall  be  at  least  four  and  a  half  feet  high;  those  composed  of  turf 
shall  be  at  least  four  feet  high  and  with  ditches  on  either  side,  at  least 
three  feet  wide  at  the  top  and  three  feet  deep;  and  what  is  commonly 
called  a  worm  fence  shall  be  at  least  five  feet  high  to  the  top  of  the  rider, 
or  if  not  ridered  shall  be  five  feet  to  the  top  of  the  top  rail  or  pole  and 
shall  be  locked  with  strong  rails,  poles  or  stakes;  those  composed  of  stone 
or  brick  shall  be  at  least  four  and  a  half  feet  high. 

Wherever  the  fence  of  any  owner  of  real  estate  now  erected  or  con- 
structed, serves  to  enlose  the  lands  of  another,  or  which  shall  become  a 
part  of  the  fence  enclosing  the  land  of  another,  on  demand  made  by  ..the 
person  owning  such  fence,  such  other  person  shall  pay  the  owner  one- 
half  the  value  of  so  much  thereof  as  serves  to  enclose  his  land;  and  upon 
such  payment  shall  own  an  undivided  half  of  such  fence. 

Provided,  The  person  thus  benefitted  shall  have  the  option  to  build 
within  eight  months  from  date  of  such  demand,  a  lawful  fence  half  the 
distance  along  the  line  covered  by  the  above  mentioned  fence.  The 
demand  shall  be  made  in  writing  and  served  on  the  party  interested,  his 
agent  or  attorney,  or  left  with  some  member  of  the  family  over  fourteen 
years  of  age,  at  his  usual  place  of  abode.  If  the  party  notified  fails  to 
comply  with  the  demand  within  the  specified  time,  the  party  making  the 
demand  may,  at  his  option,  proceed  to  enforce  the  collection  of  one-half 
the  value  of  such  fence,  or  remove  his  fence  without  any  other  or  further 
notice. 

Every  person  owning  a  part  of  a  division  fence,  shall  keep  the  same 


:  in 


ABSTRACT   OF    MISSOURI    STATE    LAWS.  183 

good  repair,  according  to  the  requirements  of  the  act,  and  upon  neglect 
or  refusal  to  do  so,  shall  be  liable  in  double  damages  to  the  party  injured 
thereby. 

If  the  parties  interested  shall  fail  to  agree  as  to  the  value  of  one-half 
of  such  fence,  the  owner  of  the  fence  may  apply  to  a  justice  of  the  peace 
of  the  township,  who  shall,  without  delay,  issue  an  order  to  three  disinter- 
ested householders  of  the  township,  not  of  kin  to  either  party,  reciting  the 
complaint,  and  requiring  them  to  view  the  fence,  estimate  the  value 
thereof,  and  make  return  under  oath  to  the  justice  on  the  day  named  in 
the  order. 

If  the  person  thus  assessed  or  charged  with  the  value  of  one-half  of 
any  fence,  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  pay  over  to  the  owner  of  such  fence 
the  amount  so  awarded,  the  same  may  be  recovered  before  a  justice  of  the 
peace  or  other  court  of  competent  jurisdiction. 

ROADS,    HIGHWAYS    AND   BRIDGES. 

The  overseers  of  highways  in  each  road  district  in  each  township,  shall 
have  care  and  superintendence  of  all  highways  and  bridges  therein,  and 
it  shall  be  their  duty  to  have  all  highways  and  bridges  kept  in  good  repair, 
and  to  cause  to  be  built  all  such  bridges  as  public  necessity  may  require, 
said  bridges  to  be  built  b}'  contract,  let  to  the  lowest  responsible  bidder, 
and  to  be  paid  for  out  of  any  money  in  the  overseer's  hands,  or  in  the 
treasury  for  road  or  bridge  purposes.  But  in  no  case  shall  the  overseer* 
take  such  contract,  either  for  himself  or  by  his  agent. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  overseer  of  highways  to  name  all  residents 
of  the  district  against  whom  a  land  or  personal  tax  is  assessed,  giving 
them  two  days  notice  to  work  out  the  same  upon  the  highways,  and  he 
shall  receive  such  tax  in  labor  from  every  able  bodied  man,  or  his  or  her 
substitute,  at  the  rate  of  $1.50  per  day,  and  in  proportion  for  a  less 
amount,  provided  that  any  person  may  pay  such  tax  in  money.  The 
township  board  of  directors  shall  have  the  power  to  assess  upon  all  real 
estate  and  personal  property  in  their  township  made  taxable  by  law  for 
state  and  county  purposes,  a  sufficient  tax  to  keep  the  roads  and  highways 
of  the  various  road  districts  in  their  township  in  good  repair,  which  tax 
shall  be  levied  as  follows:  for  every  one  mill  tax  upon  the  dollar  levied 
upon  real  and  personal  property,  as  valued  on  the  assessor's  roll  of  the 
previous  year,  the  township  board  of  directors  shall  require  one  day's 
work  of  each  person  subject  to  work  on  roads  and  highways,  and  no 
more. 

SUPPORT  OF  THE  POOR. 
Poor  persons  shall  be  relieved,  maintained  and  supported  by  the  county 
of  which  they  are  inhabitants. 

Aged,  infirm,  lame,  blind,  or  sick  persons   who  are  unable  to  support 


184  ABSTRACT   OF  MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

themselves,  and  where  there  are  no  other  persons  required  by  law  and 
able  to  maintain  them,  shall  be  deemed  poor  persons. 

No  person  shall  be  deemed  an  inhabitant  within  the  meaning  of  this 
chapter,  who  has  not  resided  for  the  space  of  twelve  months  next  preced- 
ing the  time  of  any  order  being  made  respecting  such  person  in  the  county, 
or  who  shall  have  removed  from  another  county  for  the  purpose  of  impos- 
ing the  burden  or  keeping  such  person  on  the  county  where  he  or  she  last 
resided  for  the  time  aforesaid. 

LANDLORDS  AND  TENANTS. 

Every  landlord  shall  have  a  lien  on  the  crops  grown  on  the  demised 
premises  in  any  year  for  the  rent  that  shall  accrue  for  such  year;  and  such 
lien  shall  continue  for  eight  months  after  such  rent  shall  become  due  and 
payable,  and  no  longer.  When  the  demised  premises  or  any  portion 
thereof  are  used  for  the  purpose  of  growing  nursery  stock,  the  lien  shall 
exist  and  continue  in  such  stock  until  the  same  shall  have  been  removed 
from  the  premises  and  sold. 

No  tenant  for  a  term,  not  exceeding  two  years,  or  at  will,  or  by  suffer- 
ance, shall  assign  or  transfer  his  term,  or  interest,  or  any  part  thereof  to 
another,  without  the  written  assent  of  the  landlord,  or  person  holding 
under  him. 

Either  party  may  terminate  a  tenancy  from  year  to  year,  by  giving 
notice  in  writing  of  his  intention  to  terminate  the  same,  of  not  less  than 
three  months  next  before  the  end  of  the  year. 

A  tenancy  at  will,  or  by  sufferance,  or  for  less  than  one  year,  may  be 
terminated  by  the  person  entitled  to  the  possession,  by  giving  one  month's 
notice,  in  writing  to  the  person  in  possession,  requiring  him  to  remove. 
All  contracts  or  agreements  for  the  leasing,  renting,  or  occupation  of  stores, 
shops,  houses,  tenements,  or  other  buildings  in  cities,  towns,  or  villages/not 
made  in  writing,  signed  by  the  parties  thereto,  or  their  agents,  shall  be 
held  and  taken  to  be  tenancies  from  month  to  month;  and  all  such  tenan- 
cies may  be  terminated  by  either  party  thereto,  or  his  agent,  giving  to  the 
other  party  or  his  agent  one  month's  notice  in  writing,  of  his  intention  to 
terminate  such  tenancy. 

No  notice  to  quit  shall  be  necessary  from  or  to  a  tenant  whose  time  is 
to  end  at  a  certain  time,  or  where  by  special  agreement,  notice  is  dis- 
pensed with. 

A  landlord  may  recover  a  reasonable  satisfaction  for  the  use  and  occu- 
pation of  any  lands  or  tenements,  held  by  any  person  under  an  agreement 
not  made  by  deed. 

Property  exempt  from  execution  shall  be  also  exempt  from  attachment 
for  rent,  except  the  crops  grown  on  the  demised  premises  on  which  the 
rent  claimed  is  due. 


ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS.  185 

If  any  tenant  for  life  or  years,  shall  commit  waste  during  his  estate  or 
term,  of  any  thing  belonging  to  the  tenement  so  held,  without  special 
license  in  writing,  so  to  do,  he  shall  be  subject  to  a  civil  action  for  such 
waste  and  shall  lose  the  thing  so  wasted  and  pay  treble  the  amount  at 
which  the  waste  shall  be  assessed. 

BILL  OF  SALE. 
A  bill  of  sale  is  a  written  agreement  to  another  party  for  a  considera- 
tion to  convey  his  right  and  interest  in  the  personal  property.     The  pur- 
chaser must  take  actual  possession 'of  the  property,  or  the  bill  of  sale 
must  be  acknowledged  and  recorded. 

COMMON    FORM    OF   BILL   OF   SALE. 

Know  all  men  by  these  -presents,  That  I,  David  Franklin,  of  Lexington, 
Missouri,  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  three  hundred'dollars, 
to  me  in  hand  paid  by  Albert  Brown,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second 
part,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  have  sold,  and  by  this 
instrument  do  convey  unto  the  said  Brown,  party  of  the  second  part,  his 
executors,  administrators  and  assigns,  my  undivided  half  of  forty  acres  of 
corn  now  growing  on  the  farm  of  William  Mason,  in  the  township  of  Jackson, 
Lafayette  county,  Missouri;  one  pair  of  horses,  twenty  head  of  hogs,  and  six 
cows  belonging  to  me  and  in  my  possession  at  the  farm  aforesaid ;  to  have  and 
to  hold  the  same  unto  the  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs,  executors,  and 
assigns,  forever.  And  I  do  for  myself  and  legal  representatives  agree 
with  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  bis  legal  representatives,  to 
warrant  and  defend  the  sale  of  the  aforementioned  property  and  chattels, 
unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives, 
against  all  and  every  person  whatsoever. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  affixed  my  hand  this  first  day  of 
June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

David  Franklin. 

BENEVOLENT,  RELIGIOUS,  AND  EDUCATIONAL  ASSOCI- 
ATIONS. 

Any  lodge  of  Free  Masons,  or  Odd  Fellows,  division  of  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance or  any  other  association  organized  for  benevolent  or  charitable 
purposes,  or  any  library  company,  school,  college,  or  other  association, 
organized  for  the  promotion  of  literature,  science,  or  art,  or  any  gymnastic 
or  other  association,  organized  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  bodily  or 
mental  health,  and  all  societies,  organized  for  the  purpose  of  promoting 
either  of  the  objects  above  named,  and  for  all  similar  purposes,  by  what- 
evername  they  may  be  known,  consisting  of  not  less  than  three  persons, 
may  be  constituted  and  declared  a  body  politic  and  corporate,  with  all  the 
privileges,  and  subject  to  all  the  liabilities  and  restrictions  contained  in  this 
act.    Acts  1868,  page  28. 


186  ABSTRACT  OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS. 

All  associations  incorporated  under  the  provisions  of  the  above  law  shall 
file  a  copy  of  all  amendments  to  their  articles  of  association,  certified  as 
such  under  their  seal,  with  the  clerk  of  the  circuit  court,  within  sixty  days 
after  their  passage. 

Any  number  of  persons,  not  less  than  three  in  number,  may  become  an 
incorporated  church,  religious  society,  or  congregation,  by  complying 
with  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  except  that  it  will  be  sufficient  if  the 
petition  be  signed  by  all  the  persons  making  the  application,  and  when  so 
incorporated,  such  persons  and  their  ( associates  and  successors  shall  be 
known  by  the  corporate  name  specified  in  the  certificate  of  incorporation, 
and  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  privileges,  and  capable  of  exercising  all  the 
powers  conferred,  or  authorized  to  be  conferred  by  the  constitution  of  this 
state  upon  such  corporation.     Acts  1871-2,  P.  16,  Sec.  1. 

Anv  such  corporation  shall  have  power  to  raise  money  in  any  manner 
agreed  upon  in  the  articles  of  association. 

INTOXICATING  LIQUORS. 

A  dramshop-keeper  is  a  person  permitted  by  law  to  sell  intoxicating 
liquors  in  any  quantity  not  exceeding  ten  gallons. 

No  person  shall  directly  or  indirectly  sell  intoxicating  liquors  in  any 
quantity  less  than  one  gallon  without  taking  out  a  license  as  a  dramshop- 
keeper. 

Application  for  a  license  as  a  dramshop-keeper  shall  be  made  in  writing 
to  the  county  court,  and  shall  state  where  the  dramshop  is  to  be  kept,  and 
if  the  court  shall  be  of  opinion  that  the  applicant  is  a  person  of  good 
character,  the  court  may  grant  a  license  for  six  months. 

Any  sale,  gift  or  other  disposition  of  intoxicating  liquors  made  to  any 
minor  without  the  permission  or  consent  herein  required,  or  to  any  hab- 
itual drunkard,  by  any  clerk,  agent,  or  other  person  acting  for  any  dram- 
shop-keeper, druggist,  merchant,  or  other  person,  shall  be  deemed  and 
taken  to  be  as  the  act  of  such  dramshop-keeper,  druggist,  merchant,  or 
other  person. 

Intoxicating  liquors  may  be  sold  in  any  quantity  not  less  than  a  quart 
at  the  place  where  made,  but  the  maker  or  seller  shall  not  permit  or  suffer 
the  same  to  be  drank  at  the  place  of  sale,  nor  at  any  place  under  the 
control  of  either  or  both.  Any  person  convicted  of  a  violation  of  the 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  be  fined  a  sum  not  less  than  $40  nor  more 
than  $200.  Provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  so  con- 
strued as  to  affect  the  right  of  any  person  having  a  wine  and  beer  house 
license  to  sell  wine  and  beer  in  any  quantity  not  exceeding  ten  gallons  at 
any  place.  * 

Any  dramshop-keeper,  druggist,  or  merchant  selling,  giving  away  or 
otherwise  disposing  of  any  intoxicating  liquors  to  any  habitual  drunkard, 


ABSTRACT    OF    MISSOURI    STATE   LAWS.  187 

after  such  dramshop-keeper,  druggist,  or  merchant  shall  have  been  noti- 
fied by  the  wife,  father,  mother,  brother,  sister,  or  guardian  of  such  per- 
son not  to  sell,  give  away  or  furnish  to  such  person  any  intoxicating 
liquors,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not  less  than  $40  nor  more  than  $200, 
and  upon  conviction  of  any  dramshop-keeper  it  shall  work  a  forfeiture  of 
his  license  to  keep  a  dramshop,  and  also  debar  him  from  again  obtaining 
a  license  for  that  purpose. 

GENERAL  WARRANTY  DEED. 

This  Indenture,  made  on  the ....  day  of . . . .  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight 

hundred  and ,  by  and  between . . . .  of . . . .  part ....  of  the  first  part,  and 

....  of  the . . . .  of . . . . ,  in  the  state  of ... .  part . .  of  the  second  part. 

Witnesseth,  That  the  said  part . .  of  the  first  part,  in  consideration  of 
the  sum  of  ....  ^dollars,  to ... .  paid  by  the  said  part . .  of  the  second 
part,  the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby  acknowledged,  do . .  by  these  pres- 
ents, grant,  bargain,  and  sell,  convey,  and  confirm,  unto  the  said  part . .  of 
the  second  part, ....  heirs  and  assigns,  the  following  described  lots,  tracts, 
or  parcels  of  land,  lying,  being  and  situated  in  the. . .  .of. . .  .and  state  of 

. . . .,  to-wit: 

[Give  description  of  property.] 

To  have  and  to  hold  the  premises  aforesaid,  with  all  and  singular,  the 
rights,  privileges,  appurtenances,  immunities,  and  improvements  thereto 
belonging,  or  in  any  wise  appertaining  unto  the  said  part,  .of  the  second 
part,  and  unto ....  heirs  and  assigns,  forever;  the  said hereby  cov- 
enanting that....  will  warrant  and  defend  the  title  to  the  said  premises 

unto  the  said  part . .  of  the  second  part  and  unto heirs  and  assigns 

forever,  against  the  lawful  claims  and  demands  of  all   persons  whom- 
soever. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  part,  .of  the  first  part  ha.  .hereunto  set. . 
hand . .  and  seal . .  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of  us. 

[seal] 

[seal] 

state  of  missouri, 


of ... .  [  Be  it  remembered,  that  on  this .... 

day  of A.  D.  18 ,  before  the  undersigned,  a within  and  for  the 

of and  state  of ... .  personally  came ....  who  are  personally  known 

to  me  to  be  the  same  persons  whose  names  are  subscribed  to  the  fore- 
going instrument  of  writing  as  parties  thereto,  and  they  acknowledged 
the  same  to  be  their  act  and  deed  for  the  purposes  therein  mentioned. 
And  the  said ....  being  by  me  first  made  acquainted  with  the  contents  of 
said  instrument,  upon  an  examination  separate  and  apart  from ....  hus- 
band   ,  acknowledged  that executed  the  same,  and  relinquishes 


188  ABSTRACT   OF  MISSOURI  STATE   LAWS. 

dower,  in  the  real  estate  therein  mentioned,  freely  and  without  fear, 

compulsion  or  undue  influence  on  the  part  of . . . . said  husband. . . . ;  and 

I  certify  that  my  term  of  office  as  a  notary  public  will  expire  18 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  my 
official  seal,  at  my  office  in ... .  this  day  and  year  first  above  written. 


QUIT-CLAIM  DEED. 

This  indenture,  made  on  the day  of ,  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight 

hundred  and ,  by  and  between ,  of  the  county  of ,  and  state  of 

,  part     of  the  first  part,  and ,  of  the  county  of ,  and  state  of 

,  part     of  the  second  part, 

Witnesseth,  That  the  said  part     of  the  first  part,  in  consideration  of  the 

sum  of   Too  dollars,  to paid  by  the  said  part     of  the  second  part, 

the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby  acknowledged,  do  by  these  presents, 
remise,  release,  and  forever  quit-claim  unto  the  said  part  of  the  second 
part,  the  following  described  lots,  tracts,  or  parcels  of  land,  lying,  being 
and  situate  in  the  county  of  . . . .,  and  state  of  . . . .,  to  wit:  [Give  descrip- 
tion of  propert}'-.] 

*  [This  deed  of  quit-claim  being  made  in  release  of,  and  satisfaction  for 
a  certain  deed dated  the  . .  day  of . . . .,  18 . . ;  recorded  in  the  recor- 
der's office,  within  and  for  the  county  of aforesaid,  in  deed  book  . . , 

at  pages  . . . .] 

To  have  and  to  hold  the  same,  with  all  the  rights,  immunities,  privileges 
and  appurtenances  thereto  belonging,  unto  the  said  part     of  the  second 
part,  and  ....  heirs  and  assigns,  forever ;  so  that  neither  the  said  part 
of  the  first  part  nor  ....  heirs,  nor  any  other  person  or  persons  for  .... 

or  in name  or  behalf,  shall  or  will  hereafter  claim  or  demand  any 

right  or  title  to  the  aforesaid  premises,  or  any  part  thereof,  but  they  and 
every  of  them  shall,  by  these  presents,  be  excluded  and  forever  barred. 

In  witness  whereof,  That  said  part  of  the  first  part  ha  hereunto  set 
hand    and  seal  ,  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of  us. 

[seal] 

[seal] 

[Acknowledgment  same  as  in  General  Warranty  Deed.] 

MORTGAGE  DEED. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that, of  the  county  of ,  in  the 

state  of for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars,  *o  the  said 

in  hand  paid  by ....  of  the  county  of in  the   state   of ha . . 

*  Omit  this  clause  in  case  this  deed  is  not  made  in  release  of  some  other  instrument. 


ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI   STATE   LAWS.  189 

granted,  bargained  and  sold,  and  by  these  presents  do . .  grant,  bargain 

and   sell,  unto  the   said the   following   described ....  situated  in  the 

county  of in  the  state  of . . .  .that  is  to  say: 

[Give  description  of  property.] 
To  have  and  to  hold  the  property  and  premises  hereby  conveyed,  with 
all  the  rights,  privileges  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging,  or  in 
anywise  appertaining,  unto  said. . .  .heirs  and  assigns  forever;  upon  this 
express  condition,  whereas,  the  said ....  on  the ....  day  of ....  A.  D.  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and ....  made,  executed  and  delivered  to  the  said 
. . .  .certain . . .  .described  as  follows,  to- wit: 

[Give  description  of  notes,  time  of  payment,  etc.] 

Now,  if  the  said ....  executor  or  administrator,  shall  pay  the  sum  di 
money  specified  in  said ....  and  all  the  interest  that  may  be  due  thereon, 

according  to  the  tenor  and  effect  of  said then  this  conveyance  shall  be 

void,  otherwise  it  shall  remain  in  full  force  and  virtue  in  law. 

In  witness  whereof, . . . . ,  the  said  grantor ....  and  mortgagor ....  ha . . 

hereunto  subscribed . . .  .name ....  and  affixed ....  seal this ....  day  of 

.   ..,  A.D.18... 

[seal.] 

[seal.] 

[Acknowledgment  same  as  General  Warranty  Deed.] 

CHATTEL  MORTGAGE. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  That of  the.  county  of ,  and 

state  of . . . . ,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of . . . .  foo  dollars,  to ... .  paid  by 

....  of  the  county  of . . . .  and  state  of do  sell  and  convey  to  said .... 

the  following  goods  *and   chattels,  to-wit: 

[Here  describe  goods.] 

Warranted  free  of  incumbrances,  and  against  any  adverse  claims: 

Upon  condition,  That pay  to  the  said the  sum  of Too  dollars, 

and  interest,  agreeably  to note . .  dated  on  the day  of ,  18 . . , 

and  made  payable  to  the  said as  follows,  to-wit : then  this  deed 

shall  be  void,  otherwise  it  shall  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. 

The  parties  hereto  agree  That,  until  condition  broken,  said  property 

may  remain  in  possession  of but  after  condition  broken,  the  said .... 

may  at pleasure  take  and  remove  the  same,  and  may  enter  into  any 

building  or  premises  of  the  said ....  for  that  purpose. 

Witness  our  hands  and  seals,  this day  of  . . .  A.  D.  18. . 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in 
presence  of  us.  [seal.] 

.  [seal.] 

State  of  Missouri,   ) 
County  of f ss* 

Be  it  remembered,  That  on  the day  of A.  D.  18 . . ,  before  the 

undersigned,  a within  and  for  the  county  aforesaid,  personally  came 


190  ABSTRACT   OF   MISSOURI  STATE   LAWS. 

....who personally  known  to  me  to  be  the  same  person whose 

name subscribed  to   the   foregoing    chattel    mortgage   as    part .... 

thereto,  and  acknowledged  the  same  to  be act  and  deed  for  the  uses 

and  purposes  therein  mentioned. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  subscribed  my  name  and  affixed 
my seal,  at  my  office  in ....  in  said  county,  the  day  and  year  afore- 
said. My  term  of  office  as  notary  public  will  expire  on  the  . . .  day  of 
....18..  

HOUSE  LEASE. 
This  article  of  agreement  witnesseth,  That ....  ha . .  this  day  rented  to 

in  the  present  condition   thereof,  the. . .  .for  the  period   of. . .  .from 

the day 18. .,  on  the  following  terms  and  conditions,  to-wit: 

For  the  use  and  rent  thereof,  the  said ....  hereby  promise . .  to  pay  said 

or  to ... .  order ....  dollars,  per ....  for  the  whole  time  above  stated, 

and  to  pay  the    same at  the of  each ;     that will  not 

sub-let  or  allow  any  other  tenant  to  come  in  with  or  under. . .  .without 

the  written  consent  of  said ;  that will  repair  all  injuries  or  dam-  ' 

ages  done  to  the  premises  by  him  or  them  during. . .  .occupancy,  or  pay 

for  the  same;  that  all  of property,  whether  subject  to  legal  exemption 

or  not,  shall  be  bound,  and  subject  to  the  payment  of  rents  and  damages 

thereof;  that will  take  good  care  of  the  buildings  and  premises  and 

keep  them  free  from  filth,  from  danger  of  fire  or  any  nuisance  and  from 
all  uses  forbidden  in  any  fire  insurance  policy  issued  thereon, ....  and  pro- 
tect, defend  and  indemnify  the  said ....  from  all  damages ....  and  charges 
for  such,  that  the  houses  and  premises  shall  be  kepf  clean,  fairly  treated 
and  left  so;  that  in  default  of  the  payment  of  any. . .  .installment  of  rent 
for ....  day ..  after  the  same  becomes  due,.  ...will,  at  the  request  of  the 
said ....  quit  and  render  to ....  the  peaceable  possession  thereof;  but,  for 
this  cause,  the  obligation  to  pay  shall  not  cease,  and,  finally  at  the  end  of 
....  term ....  will  surrender  to  said ....  heirs  or  assigns,  the  peaceable 
possession  of  the  said  house  and  premises,  with  all  the  keys,  bolts,  latches 
and  repairs,  if  any,  in  as  good  condition  as ... .  received  the  same,  the 
usual  wear  and  use  and  providential  destruction  or  destruction  by  fire 
excepted. 

In    witness  whereof,  the  parties  have  set hand and  seal to 

cop . .  hereof  to  be  retained  by ... . 

Dated  this day  of 18.. 

[seal,.] 

MECHANICS'  LIENS. 
Every  mechanic  or  other  person  who  shall  do  or  perform  any  work  or 
labor  upon,  or  furnish  any  materials,  fixtures,  engine,  boiler  or  machinery 
for  any  building,  erection  or  improvements  upon  land,  or  for  repairing  the 


ABSTRACT   OF    MISSOURI    STATE    LAWS,  191 

same  under  or  by  virtue  of  any  contract  with  the  owner  or  proprietor,  or 
his  agent,  trustee,  contractor  or  sub-contractor,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  lien 
upon  such  building,  erection,  or  improvement,  and  upon  the  land  belong- 
ing to  such  owner  or  proprietor  on  which  the  same  are  situated.  The 
original  contractor  must  within  six  months,  and  ever)-  journeyman  and 
day  laborer  within  thirty  days,  and  of  every  other  person  seeking  to 
obtain  the  benefit  of  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  within  four  months 
after  the  indebtedness  shall  have  accrued,  file  with  the  clerk  of  the  cir- 
cuit court  of  the  proper  county,  a  just  and  true  account  of  the  demand  due 
him  or  them,  after  all  just  credits  have  been  given,  which  is  to  be  a  lien 
upon  such  building  or  improvement,  and  a  true  description  of  the  property 
or  so  near  as  to  identify  the  same  upon  which  the  lien  is  intended  to  apply, 
with  the  name  of  the  owner  or  contractor,  or  both,  if  known  to  be  the 
person  filing  the  lien  which  shall  in  all  cases  be  verified  by  the  oath  of 
himself  or  some  credible  person  for  him. 

Every  person  except  the  original  contractor,  who  may  wish  to  avail 
himself  of  the  benefits  of  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  shall  give  ten  days 
notice  before  filing  of  the  lien  as  herein  required,  to  the  owner,  owners,  or 
agent,  or  either  of  them,  that  he  or  they  hold  a  claim  against  such  build- 
ing or  improvements,  setting  forth  the  amount  and  from  whom  the  same  is 
due. 

All  mechanics'  lien  holders  shall  stand  on  equal  footing,  without  refer- 
ence to  date  of  filing,  and  upon  sale  of  property  they  shall  take  pro  rata 
on  the  respective  liens. 

We  only  attempt  to  give  an  outline  of  the  law  of  mechanics'  liens  to  aid 
the  general  business  man.  Should  any  complicated  questions  arise,  it  is 
best  to  consult  an  attorney  in  regard  to  the  same. 

MECHANIC'S  LIEN. 

Now,  at  this  day,  come and  with  a  view  to  avail ....  of  the  benefit 

of  the  statute  relating  to  mechanics'  liens,  file . .  the  account  below  set 

forth  for  work  and  labor  done,  and  materials  furnished  by under 

contract  with upon,  to  and   for  the   buildings   and  improvements 

described  as  follows,  to- wit: 

(Give  description  of  buildings.) 
and  situated  on  the  following  described  premises,  to- wit: 

(Give  description  of  the  property  upon  which  the  building  is  erected.) 
said   premise,    buildings,    and   improvements,  belonging  to    and   being 

owned  by which  said  account,  the  same  being  hereby  filed,  in  order 

that  it  may  constitute  a  lien  upon  the  buildings,  improvements,  and  prem- 
ises above  described,  is  as  follows: 

[Set  the  account  out  in  full.] 

State  of  Missouri,  county  of  . . . . ,  ss., being  duly  sworn,  on  his 

oath  says  that  the  foregoing  is  a  just  and  true  account  of  the  demand  due 


192  ABSTRACT  OF   MISSOURI  STATE   LAWS. 

....  for  work  and  labor  done,  and  materials  furnished  by  ....  upon,  to 
and  for  the  buildings  and  improvements  hereinbefore  described,  after  all 
just  credits  have  been  given;  that  said  work  and  labor  were  done,  and 
said  materials  furnished  upon,  to  and  for  said  buildings  and  improvements 

by  ....  at  the  instance  and  request  of,  and  under  contract  with that 

the  foregoing  description  is  a  true  description  of  the  property  upon,  to  and 
for  which  said  materials  were  furnished,  and  said  work  and  labor  done, 
and  to  which  this  lien  is  intended  to  apply,  or  so  near  as  to  identify  the 
same ;  that  said  demand  accrued  within  ....  months  prior  to  the  filing  of 

this  lien,  and  that  on  the day  of ,  18 . . ,  and  at  least  ten  days 

prior  to  the  filing  of  this  lien  ....  gave  notice  to  ....  of  his  claim  against 
the  amount  .thereof,  from  whom  due,  and  of  ... .  intention  to  file  a  lien 
therefor;  that  said  ....  as  affiant  is  informed  and  believes,  the  owner., 
of  the  above  described  premises,  and  the  buildings  and  improvements 
thereon,  which  said  premises,  buildings,  and  improvements  are  intended 
to  be  charged  with  this  lien.  • 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this day  of ,  18 . . 


BILL  OF  SALE  OF  GOODS. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that of for  and  in  considera- 
tion of  the  sum  of dollars  to  . .  in  hand  paid  by of the 

receipt  whereof  . .  do  hereby  acknowledge,  by  these  presents  do  bargain 
and  sell  unto  the  said  ....  all  the  goods,  household  stuff,  implements  and 
furniture,  and  all  other  goods  and  chattels  whatsoever  mentioned  in  the 
schedule  hereunto  annexed:  To  have  and  to  hold  all  and  singular  the 
said  goods,  household  stuff,  and  furniture,  and  other  premises  above  bar- 
gained and  sold  or  intended  so  to  be,  to  the  said and  . .  assigns  for- 
ever.    And  ....  the  said for and  . .  heirs,  all  and  singular,  the 

goods   and  chattels  of  whatever  description,  unto   the  said and  . . 

assigns  against the  said and  against  all  and  every  other  person 

and  persons  whomsoever,  shall  and  will  warrant  and  forever  defend 
by  these  presents.  Of  all  and  singular  which  said  goods,  chattels, 
and  property,  ....  the  said  have  put  the  said  in  full  pos- 
session by  delivery  to  . .,  the  said one at  the  sealing  and  delivery 

of  these  presents,  in  the  name  of  the  whole  premises  hereby    bargained 

and  sold,  or  mentioned,  or  intended  so  to  be  unto  . . ,  the  said as 

aforesaid. 

In  witness  whereof,  . .  have  hereunto  set  . .  hand  . .  and  affixed  . .  seal 
this day A.  D.  18.. 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of        [l.  s.] 


Note. — If  the  bill  of  sale  is  to  be  recorded  in  the  county  recorder's  office,  it  must  be 
acknowledged  before  some  officer  authorized- to  take  acknowledgment  of  deeds — other- 
wise not. 


abstract  of  missouri  state  laws.  193 

State  of  Missouri,      ) 

Count}-  of ) 

Be  it  remembered,  that  on  this day  of ,  A.  D.  18. .,  before  the 

undersigned,  a within  and  for  the  county  of and  state  of  Mis- 
souri, personally  came  ....  who  . .  personally  known  to  me  to  be  the 
same  person .  .  whose  name .  .  subscribed  to  the  foregoing  instrument 
of  writing,  as  part .  .  thereto,  and  acknowledged  the  same  to  be 
voluntary  act  and  deed  for  the  purposes  therein  mentioned. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  my 
official  seal,  at  my  office  in  ....  the  day  and  year  above  written. 


DEFINITION  OF  COMMERCIAL  TERMS. 

$ means  dollars,  being  a  contraction  of  U.  S.,  which  was  formerly 

placed  before  any  denomination  of  money,  and  meant,  as  it  means  now, 
United  States  currency. 

£ means  pounds,  English  monev. 

@  stands  for  at  or  to;  ft  for  pounds,  and  bbl.  for  barrels',  $  for  per 
or  by  the.     Thus,  butter  sells  at  20  @  30c  $   ft,  and  flour  at  $8@12  $  bbl. 

°0  for  per  cent.,  and  jj  for  number. 

May  1.  Wheat  seils  at  $1.20@$1.25,  "seller  June."  Seller  June 
means  that  the  person  who  sells  the  wheat  has  the  privilege  of  delivering 
it  at  any  time  during  the  month  of  June. 

Selling  short,  is  contracting  to  deliver  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or 
stock,  at  a  fixed  price,  within  a  certain  length  of  time,  when  the  seller  has 
not  the  stock  on  hand.  It  is  for  the  interest  of  the  person  selling  "  short" 
to  depress  the  market  as  much  as  possible,  in  order  that  he  mav  buv  and 
fill  his  contract  at  a  profit.     Hence  the  "  shorts"  are  called  "  bears." 

Buying  long,  is  to  contract  to  purchase  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or 
shares  of  stock  at  a  fixed  price,  deliverable  within  a  stipulated  time, 
expecting  to  make  a  profit  by  the  rise  in  prices.  The  "longs"  are  termed 
"  bulls,"  as  it  is  for  their  interest  to  "  operate  "  so  as  to  "  toss  "  the  prices 
upward  as  much  as  possible. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  should  be  worded  simply,  thus: 
Mr.  F.  H.  Coats:  St.  Louis,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Please  pay  to  H.  Birdsall  twenty-five  dollars,  and  charge  to 

F.  D.  Silva. 

RECEIPTS. 
Receipts  should  always  state  when  received  and  what  for.  thus: 
13 


194  ABSTRACT  OF   MISSOURI  STATE  LAWS. 

$100.  St.  Louis,  Sept.  15, 1876. 

Reeived  of  J.  W.  Davis,  one  hundred  dollars,  for  services 
rendered  in  grading  his  lot  in  Sedalia,  on  account. 

Thomas  Brady. 
If  receipt  is  in  full,  it  should  be  so  stated. 

BILLS  OF  PURCHASE. 

W.  N.  Mason,  Marshall,  Missouri,  Sept.  18, 1876. 

Bought  of  A.  A.  Graham. 

4  Bushels  of  Seed  Wheat,  at  $1.50 $6  00 

2  Seamless  Sacks  "         30 60 


Received  payment,  $6  60 

A.  A.  Graham. 

ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT. 

An  agreement  is  where  one  party  promises  to  another  to  do  a  certain 
thing  in  a  certain  time  for  a  stipulated  sum.  Good  business  men  always 
reduce  an  agreement  to  writing,  which  nearly  always  saves  misunder- 
standings and  trouble.  No  particular  form  is  necessary,  but  the  facts  must 
be  clearly  and  explicitly  stated,  and  there  must,  to  make  it  valid,  be  a 
reasonable  consideration. 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  AGREEMENT. 

This  agreement,  made  the  second  day  of  June,  1878,  between  John 
Jones,  of  Marshall,  county  of  Saline,  state  of  Missouri,  of  the  first  part, 
and  Thomas  Whitesides,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part — 

WitnesSeth,  That  the  said  John  Jones,  in  consideration  of  the  agree- 
ment of  the  party  of  the  second  part,  hereinafter  contained,  contracts  and 
agrees  to  and  with  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  that  he  will  deliver  in  good 
and  marketable  condition,  at  the  village  of  Slater,  Missouri,  during  the  month 
of  November,  of  this  year,  one  hundred  tons  of  prairie  hay,  in  the  fol- 
lowing lots,  and  at  the  following  specified  times,  namely:  Twenty-five 
tons  by  the  seventh  of  November,  twenty-five  tons  additional  by  the 
fourteenth  of  the  month,  twenty-five  tons  more  by  the  twenty-first,  and 
the  entire  one  hundred  tons  to  be  all  delivered  by  the  thirtieth  of  November. 

And  the  said  Thomas  Whitsides,  in  consideration  of  the  prompt  fulfill- 
ment of  this  contract,  on  the  part  of  the  party  of  the  first  part,  contracts 
to  and  agrees  with  the  said  John  Jones,  to  pay  for  said  hay  five  dollars  per 
ton,  for  each  ton  as  soon  as  delivered. 

In  case  of  failure  of  agreement  by  either  of  the  parties  hereto,  it  is 
hereby  stipulated  and  agreed  that  the  party  so  failing  shall  pay  to  the 
other,  one  hundred  dollars,  as  fixed  and  settled  damages. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  day  and  year 
first  above  written.  John  Jones. 

Thomas  Whiteside. 


ABSTRACT    OF    MISSOURI    STATE    LAWS.  195 

AGREEMENT    WITH    CLERK    FOR   SERVICES. 

This  agreement,  made  the  first  day  of  May,  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  seventy-eight,  between  Reuben  Stone,  of  Marshall,  county  of 
Saline,  State  of  Missouri,  part)'-  of  the  first  part,  and  George  Barclay,  of 
Sedalia,  county-  of  Pettis,  state  of  Missouri,  party  of  the  second  part — 

Witnesseth,  That  said  George  Barclay  agrees  faithfully  and  diligently- 
to  work  as  clerk  and  salesman  for  the  said  Reuben  Stone,  for  and  during 
the  space  of  one  year  from  the  date  hereof,  should  both  live  such  length  of 
time,  without  absenting  himself  from  his  occupation;  during  which  time  he, 
the  said  Barclay,  in  the  store  of  said  Stone,  of  Marshall,  will  carefully  and 
honestly  attend,  doing  and  performing  all  duties  as  clerk  and  salesman 
aforesaid,  in  accordance  and  in  all  respects  as  directed  and  desired  by  the 
said  Stone. 

In  consideration  of  which  services,  so  to  be  rendered  by  the  said  Bar- 
clay, the  said  Stone  agrees  to  pay  to  said  Barclay  the  annual  sum  of  one 
thousand  dollars,  payable  in  twelve  equal  monthly  payments,  each  upon 
the  last  day  of  each  month :  provided  that  all  dues  for  days  of  absence 
from  business  by  said  Barclay,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  sum  otherwise 
by  the  agreement  due  and  payable  by  the  said  Stone  to  the  said  Barclay. 
Witness  our  hands:  Reuben  Stone. 

George  Barclay. 


Practical  Rules  for  Every  Day  Use. 


How  to  find  the  gain  or  loss  -per  cent,  when  tlie  cost  and  selling  price  are 
given. 

Rule. — Find  the  difference  between  the  cost  and  selling  price,  which 

will  be  the  gain  or  loss. 

Annex  two  ciphers  to  the  gain  or  loss,  and  divide  it  by  the  cost  price; 
the  result  will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

How  to  change  gold  into  currency. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  given  sum  of  gold  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  change  currency  into  gold. 

Divide  the  amount  of  currency  by  the  price  of  gold. 
.   How  to  find  each  partner 's  share  of the  gain  or  loss  in  a  copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide  the  whole  gain  or  loss  by  the  entire  stock,  the  quotient 
will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Multiply  each  partner's  stock  by  this  per  cent.,  the  result  will  be  each 
one's  share  of  the  gain  or  loss. 

How  to  find  gross  and  net  weight  and  price  of  hogs. 

A  short  and  simple  met/iod  for  finding  the  net  weighty  or  price  of  hogst 
when  the  gross  weight  or  price  is  given,  and  vice  versa. 

Note. — It  is  generally  assumed  that  the  gross  weight  of  hogs  diminished  by  1-5  or  20 
per  cent,  of  itself  gives  the  net  weight,  and  the  net  weight  increased  by  }£  or  25  per  cent  Of 
itself  equals  the  gross  weight. 

To  find  the  net  weight  or  gross  -price. 

Multiply  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 

To  find  the  or  oss  weight  or  net  price. 

Divide  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 

How  to  find  the  capacity  of  a  granary,  bin,  or  wagon-bed. 

Rule. — Multiply  (by  short  method)  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  6308, 
and  point  off  one  decimal  place  -the  result  will  be  the  correct  answer  in 
bushels  and  tenths  of  a  bushel. 

For  only  an  approximate  answer,  multiply  the  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point 
off  one  decimal  place. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  54,  short  method,  or 
by  4r^  ordinary  method,  and  point  off  one  decimal  place — the  result  will 
be  the  answer  in  bushels. 

Note  — In  estimating  corn  in  the  ear,  quality  and  the  time  it  lias  been  cribbed  must  be 
taken  into  consideration,  since  corn  will  shrink  considerably  during  the  winter  and  spring. 
This  rule  generally  holds  good  for  corn  measured  at  the  time  it  is  cribbed,  provided  it  is 
Bound  and  clean. 


PRACTICAL    RULES    FOR    EVERY    DAY    USE-,  1U7 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  cistern  or  tank. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  depth  (all  in 
feet)  and  this  product  by  5681  (short  method),  and  point  off  one  decimal 
jplace — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  barrels  of  31f  gallons. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  barrel  or  cask. 

Rule. — Under  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter,  write  the  length  (all 
in  inches)  in  reversed  order,  so  that  its  units  will  fall  under  the  tens; 
multiply  by  short  method,  and  this  product  again  by  430;  point  oft  one 
decimal  place,  and  the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  wine  gallons. 

How  to  measure  boards. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  (in  feet)  by  the  width  (in  inches)  and  divide 
the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  square  feet. 

How  to  measure  scantlings,  joists,  planks,  sills,  etc. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  width,  the  thickness,  and  the  length  together,  (the 
width  and  thickness  in  inches,  and  the  length  in  feet),  and  divide  the 
product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  square  feet. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  a  body  of  land. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  (in  rods)  and  divide  the  pror 
duct  by  160  (carrying  the  division  to  2  decimal  places  if  there  is  a  remain- 
der); the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  acres  and  hundredths. 

When  the  opposite  sides  of  a  piece  of  land  are  of  unequal  length,  add 
them  together  and  take  one-half  for  the  mean  length  or  width. 

How  to  find  the  nmnber  of  square  yards  in  afioor  or  wall. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  or  height  (in  feet),  and  divide 
the  product  by  9,  the  result  will  be  square  yards. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  bricks  required  in  a  building: 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  22£. 

The  number  of  cubic  feet  is  found  by  multiplying  the  length,  height 
and  thickness  (in  feet)  together. 

Bricks  are  usually  made  8  inches  long,  4  inches  wide,  and  two  inches 
thick;  hence,  it  requires  27  bricks  to  make  a  cubic  foot  without  mortar, 
but  it  is  generally  assumed  that  the  mortar  fills  1-6  of  the  space. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  shingles  required  in  a  roof. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  square  feet  in  the  roof  by  8,  if  the 
shingles  are  exposed  4^  inches,  or  by  7  1-5  if  exposed  5  inches . 

To  find  the  number  of  square  feet,  multiply  the  length  of  the  roof  by 
twice  the  length  of  the  rafters. 

To  find  the  length  of  the  rafters,  at  one-fourth  pitch,  multiply  the 
width  of  the  building  by  .56  (hundredths);  at  one-third  pitch  by  .6 
(tenths);  at  two-fifths  pitch,  by  .64  (hundredths);  at  one-half  pitch, 
by  .71  (hundredths).  This  gives  the  length  of  the  rafters  from  the  apex 
to  the  end  of  the  wall,  and  whatever  they  are  to  project  must  be  taken 
into  consideration. 


198  PRACTICAL    RULES   FOR   EVERY   DAY   USE. 

Note. — By  }£  or  %  pitch  is  meant  that  the  apex  or  comb  of  the  roof  is  to  be  j^  or  Jf 
the  width  of  the  building  higher  than  the  walls  or  base  of  the  rafters. 

How  to  reckon  the  cost  of  hay. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  pounds  by  half  the  price  per  ton,  and 
remove  the  decimal  point  three  places  to  the  left. 

How  to  measure  gram. 

Rule. — Level  the  grain;  ascertain  the  space  it  occupies  in  cubic 
feet;  multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point  off  one  place  to 

the  left. 

Note. — Exactness  requires  the  addition,  to  every  three  hundred  bushels,  of  one  extra 
bushel. 

The  foregoing  rule  may  be  used  for  finding  the  number  of  gallons,  by 
multiplying  the  number  of  bushels  by  8. 

If  the  corn  in  the  box  is  in  the  ear,  divide  the  answer  by  2  to  find  the 
number  of  bushels  of  shelled  corn,  because  it  requires  2  bushels  of  ear 
corn  to  make  1  of  shelled  corn. 

Rapid  rules  for  measuring  land  without  instruments. 

In  measuring  land,  the  first  thing  to  ascertain  is  the  contents  of  any 
given  plot  in  square  yards ;  then,  given  the  number  of  yards,  find  out  the 
number  of  rods  and  acres. 

The  most  ancient  and  simplest  measure  of  distance  is  a  step.  Now,  an 
ordinary-sized  man  can  train  himself  to  cover  one  yard  at  a  stride,  on  the 
average,  with  sufficient  accuracy  for  ordinary  purposes. 

To  make  use  of  this  means  of  measuring  distances,  it  is  essential  to 
walk  in  a  straight  line;  to  do  this,  fix  the  eye  on  two  objects  in  a  line 
stright  ahead,  one  comparatively  near,  the  other  remote;  and,  in  walking, 
keep  these  objects  constantly  in  line. 

Farmers  and  others  by  adopting  the  following  simple  and  ingenious  con- 
trivance^ may  always  carry  with  them  the  scale  to  construct  a  correct  yard 
measure. 

Take  a  foot  rule,  and  commencing  at  the  base  of  the  little  finger  of  the 
left  hand,  mark  the  quarters  of  the  foot  on  the  outer  borders  of  the  left 
arm,  pricking  in  the  marks  with  indelible  ink. 

To  find  how  many  rods  in  length  will  make  an  acre,  the  width  being 
given. 

Rule. — Divide  160  by  the  width,  and  the  quotient  will  be  the  answer. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  foot  of  land,  the  number  of  rods 
being  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  number  of  rods  by  8,  multiply  the  quotient  by  5, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  two  places  to  the  left. 

The  diameter  being  given,  to  find  the  circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  diameter  by  3  1-7. 

How  to  find  the  diameter  when  the  circumference  is  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  circumference  by  3  1-7. 


PRACTICAL   RULES    FOR   EVERY    DAY   USE.  1H9 

To  find  how  many  solid  feet  a  round  stick  of  timber  of  the  same  thick 
ness  throughout  will  contain  when  squared. 

Rule. — Square  half  the  diameter  in  inches,  multiply  by  2,  multiply  by 
the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  the  product  by  144. 

General  rule  for  measuring  limber,  to  find  the  solid  contents  in  feet. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  depth  in  inches  by  the  breadth  in  inches,  and  then 
multiply  by  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144. 

To  find  the  number  of  feet  of  timber  in  trees  with  the  bark  on. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  one-fifth  of  the  circumference  in  inches 
by  twice  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144.  Deduct  1.10  to  1.15 
according  to  the  thickness  of  the  bark. 

Howard's  new  rule  for  commuting  interest. 

Rule. — The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  the  time  for  which  the  interest  on , 
any  sum  of  money  will  be  shown  by   simply  removing  the  decimal  point 
two  places  to  the  left;  for  ten  times  that  time,  remove  the  point  one  place 
to  the  left ;  for  1-10  of  the  same  time,  remove  the  point  three  places  to  the 
left. 

Increase  or  diminish  the  results  to  suit  the  time  given. 

Note. — The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  found  by  inverting  the  rate;  thus  3  per  cent,  per 

month,  inverted,  becomes  %  of  a  month,  or  ten  days. 

When  the  rate  is  expressed  by  one  figure,  always  write  it  thus:  3-1, 
three  ones. 

Rule  for  converting  English  into  American  currency. 

Multiply  the  pounds,  with  the  shillings  and  pence  stated  in  decimals,  by 
400  plus  the  premium  in  fourths,  and  divide  the  product  by  90. 

U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  LAND  MEASURE. 

A  township — 36  sections  each  a  mile  square. 
A  section — 640  acres. 

A  quarter  section,  half  a  mile  square — 160  acres. 

An  eight  section,  half  a  mile  long,  north  and  south,  and  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide — 80  acres. 
A  sixteenth  section,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  square — £0  acres. 

The  sections  are  all  numbered  1  to  36,  commencing  at  the  north-east 
corner. 

The  sections  are  divided  into  quarters,  which  are  named  by  the  cardinal 
points.  The  quarters  are  divided  in  the  same  way.  The  description  of 
'  a  forty-acre  lot  wculd  read:  The  south  half  of  the  west  half  of  the 
south-west  quarter  of  section  1,  in  township  24,  north  of  range  7  west, 
or  as  the  case  might  be ;  and  sometimes  will  fall  short,  and  sometimes 
overrun  the  number  of  acres  it  is  supposed  to  contain. 


200 


PRACTICAL  RULES  FOR  EVERY  DAY  USB. 


SURVEYORS'  MEASURE. 

7  92-100  inches make  1  link. 

25  links «      1  rod. 

4  rods "      1  chain. 

80  chains «      1  mile. 

Note. — A  chain  is  100  links,  equal  to  4  rods  or  66  feet. 

Shoemakers  formerly  used  a  subdivision  of  the  inch  called  a  barleycorn; 
three  of  which  made  an  inch. 

Horses  are  measured  directly  over  the  fore  feet,  and  the  standard  of 
measure  is  four  inches — called  a  hand. 

In  biblical  and  other  old  measurements,  the  term  span  is  sometimes 
used,  which  is  a  length  of  nine  inches. 

The  sacred  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  24.024  inches  in  length. 
.     The  common  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  21.704  inches  in  length. 

A  pace  is  equal  to  a  yard  or  36  inches. 

A  fathom  is  equal  to  6  feet. 

A  league  is  three  miles,  but  its  length  is  variable,  for  it  is  strictly  speaking 
i  nautical  term,  and  should  be  three  geographical  miles,  equal  to  3.45  stat- 
ic miles,  but  when  used  on  land,  three  statute  miles  are  said  t*  be  a  league. 

In  cloth  measure  an  aune  is  equal  to  1}  yards,  or  45  inches. 

An  Amsterdam  ell  is  equal  to  26.796  inches. 

A  Trieste  ell  is  equal  to  25.284  inches. 

A  Brabant  ell  is  equal  to  27.116  inches. 

HOW  TO  KEEP  ACCOUNTS. 

Every  farmer  and  mechanic,  whether  he  does  much  or  little  business, 
should  keep  a  record  of  his  transactions  in  a  clear  and  systematic  manner. 
For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  had  the  opportunity  of  acquiring  a 
primary  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  book-keeping,  we  here  present  a 
simple  form  of  keeping  accounts  which  is  easily  comprehended,  and  well 
adapted  to  record  the  business  transactions  of  farmers,  mechanics  and 
laborers. 

1875. A.  H.  JACKSON. Dr.       Cr. 


Jan. 

10 

it 

17 

Feb. 

4 

M 

4 

March  8 

« 

8 

u 

13 

« 

27 

April 

9 

n 

9 

May 

6 

i< 

24 

To  7  bushels  wheat at  $1.25 

By  shoeing  span  of  horses 

To  14  bushels  oats at  $  .45 

To  5  ft.  butter at      .25 

By  new  harrow 

By  sharpening  2  plows 

By  new  double-tree 

To  cow  and  calf 

To  half  ton  of  hay .....:. 

By  cash 

By  repairing  corn-planter 

1  o  one  sow  with  pigs 

4|By  cash,  to  balance  account 


$  8.75 

6.30 
1.25 


48.00 
6.25 


17.50 


2.50 


18.00 

.40 

2.25 


25.00 
4.75 


,15.15 
$88-05|$88.05 


- 


W&& 


± ^i  ;r "~  Hi 


£ 

C 

X 

f* 

M 

fe         • 

fe    So 

W   <* 

r- 

^  1 

> 

1 

a; 

z  a 

« 

25 

^ 

x  c 

P 

£  w 

EC 

<  ffl 

^H      k^ 

£ 

r>i    r< 

5 

^     >H 

si  E-1 

^   »— 1 

55  ° 

^ 


u 


£ 

- 

<-~N 

rr 

o 

X 

•^ 

V 

— 

w 

c 

r 

ft, 

X 

fe 

a 

w       1?  I 


x 


PRACTICAL  RULES  FOR  EVERY  DAY  USE. 


201 


1875. 


CASSA  MASON. 


Dr.      Cr. 


March 

March 

March 

May 

May 

June 

June 

Julv 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept. 


Bv  3  day's  labor 

To  2  shoats 

To  18  bushels  corn 

By  1  months  labor 

To  cash 

By  8  days  mowing 

To  50  lbs.  flour 

To  27  lbs.  meat 

By  9  days  harvesting 

By  6  days  labor 

To  cash , 

To  cash  to  balance  account. 


.at  $1.25 
.at  3.00 
.  at      .45 


at  $1.50 


..at$  .10 
..at  2.00 
..at     1.50 


$   6.00 
8.10 


10.00 


2.75 
2.70 


20.00 
18.r20 


$  67.75 


$  3.75 

25.00 
12.00 


18.00 
9.00 


$67.75 


INTEREST  TABLE. 

A  Simplb  Rule  for  Accurately  Computing  Interest  at  Ant  Giybn  Per  Cent  tor  Ant  Length 

op  Time. 
Multiply  the  principal  (amonnt  of  money  at  interest)  by  the  time  reduced  to  days;   then  divide  this 
product  by  the  quotient  obtained  by  dividing  360  (the  number  of  days  in  the  interest  year)  by  the  per 
cent  of  interest,  and  the  quotient  thus  obtained  will  be  the  required  interest. 

illustration. 


Require  the  interest  of  $462.50  for  one  month  and  eighteen  days  at  6  per  cent.  An 
interest  month  is  30  dayp;  one  month  and  eighteen  days  equal  48  days.  $462.50 
multiplied.by  .48  gives  $2-^2.0000;  360  divided  l>v  6  (the  per  cent  of  interest)  gives 
60,  and  222.0000  divided  by  60  will  give  the  exact  interest,  which  is  $3.70.     «  the 


Solution. 

$462.50 
.48 


370000 
185000 

$222.0000 
380 

420 
420 

~oo 
MISCELLANEOUS  TABLE. 

12  units  or  things,  1  dozen .  J 196  pounds,  1  barrel  of  flour.  1 24  sheets  of  paper,  1  quire. 
12> dozen,  1  gross.  I  200  pounds,  1  barrel  of  pork.    20  quires  of  paper,  1  ream. 

SO  things,  1  ecore.  |  56  pounds,  1  firkin  of  butter.  |  4  ..  wide,  4  ft.  high,  and  8ft.  long,  1  cord  wood. 


14 


202  NAMES   OF  THE  STATES  AND   THEIR  SIGNIFICATION. 

NAMES   OF  THE  STATES  OF  THE  UNION,  AND  THEIR 

SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The  oldest  of  the  states,  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  the  "  Virgin  Queen,"  in  whose  reign  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  made 
his  first  attempt  to  colonize  that  region. 

Florida. — Ponce  de  Leon  landed  on  the  coast  of  Florida  on  Easter 
Sunday,  and  called  the  country  in  commemoraticn  of  the  day,  which  was 
the  Pasqua  Florida  of  the  Spaniards,  or  "  Feast  of  Flowers." 

Louisiana  was  called  after  Louis  the  Fourteenth,  who  at  one  time 
owned  that  section  of  the  country. 

Alabama  was  so  named  by  the  Indians,  and  signifies  "  Here  we  Rest." 

Mississippi  is  likewise  an  Indian  name,  meaning  "  Long  River." 

Arkansas,  from  Kansas,  the  Indian  word  for  "  smoky  water."  Its  pre- 
fix was  really  arc,  the  French  word  for  "  bow." 

The  Carolinas  were  originally  one  tract,  and  were  called  "  Carolana," 
after  Charles  the  Ninth  of  France. 

*  Georgia  owes  its  name  to  George  the  Second  of  England,  who  first 
established  a  colony  there  in  1732. 

Tennessee  is  the  Indian  name  for  the  "  River  of  the  Bend,"  i.  e.,  the 
Mississippi  which  forms  its  western  boundary. 

Kentucky  is  the  Indian  name  for  "at  the  head  of  the  river." 

Ohio  means  " beautiful ; "  Iowa,  "drowsy  ones;"  Minnesota,  "cloudy 
water,"  and  Wisconsin,  "  wild-rushing  channel." 

Illinois  is  derived  from  the  Indian  word  Illini,  men,  and  the  French 
suffix  ois,  together  signifying  "  tribe  of  men." 

Michigan  was  called  by  the  name  given  the  lake,  fish-weir,  which  was 
•o  styled  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  a  fish  trap. 

Missouri  is  from  the  Indian  word  "  muddy,"  which  more  properly 
applies  to  the  river  that  flows  through  it. 

Oregon  owes  its  Indian  name  also  to  its  principal  river. 

Cortez  named  California.  ♦ 

Massachusetts  is  the  Indian  for  "  the  country  around  the  great  hills." 

Connecticut,  from  the  Indian  Quon-ch-ta-Cut,  signifying  "  Long  River." 

Maryland,  after  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  the  First,  of  Eng- 
land. 

New  York  was  named  by  the  Duke  of  York. 

Pennsylvania  means  "  Penn's  woods,"  and  was  so  called  after  William 
Penn,  its  original  owner. 

Delaware  after  Lord  De  la  Ware. 

New  Jersey,  so  called  in  honor  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  who  was  gov- 
ernor of  the  island  of  Jersey,  in  the  British  channel. 

Maine  was  called  after  the  province  of  Maine,  in  France,  in  compliment 
of  Queen  Henrietta  of  England,  who  owned  that  province. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THOSE  PURCHASING  BOOKS  BY  SUBSCRIPTION.       203 

Vermont,  from  the  French  words  vert  mont,  signifying  green  mountain. 

New  Hampshire,  from  Hampshire  county,  in  England.  It  was  formerly 
called  Laconia. 

The  little  state  of  Rhode  Island  owes  its  name  to  the  island  of  Rhodes, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  which  domain  it  is  said  to  greatly  resemble. 

Texas  is  the  American  word  for  the  Mexican  name  by  which  all  that 
section  of  the  country  was  called  before  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 

SUGGESTIONS  TO  THOSE  PURCHASING  BOOKS  BY  SUB- 
SCRIPTION. 

The  business  of  -publishing  books  by  subscription,  having  so  often  been 
brought  into  disrepute  by  agents  making  representations  and  declarations 
not  authorized  by  the  publisher,  in  order  to  prevent  that  as  much  as  possi- 
ble, and  that  there  may  be  more  general  knowledge  of  the  relation  such 
agents  bear  to  their  principal,  and  the  law  governing  such  cases,  the  fol- 
lowing statement  is  made: 

A  subscription  is  in  the  nature  of  a  contract  of  mutual  promises,  by 
which  the  subscriber  agrees  to  pay  a  certain  sum  for  the  work  described ; 
the  consideration  is  concurrent  that  the  publisher  shall  publish  the  book 
named,  and  deliver  the  same,  for  which  the  subscriber  is  to  pay  the  price 
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History  of  Lafayette  County. 


PIONEER  EVENTS. 

THE  EVOLUTION  OF  THE  COUNTY. 

The  first  election  held  in  the  territory  of  Missouri  was  in  October,  1812, 
and  it  was  then  divided  into  five  voting  or  representative  precincts;  but 
just  how  and  when  this  sub-division  originated,  history  does  not  relate. 
The  district  of  St.  Charles  embraced  all  north  of  the  Missouri  river;  the 
district  of  St.  Louis  embraced  all  south  of  the  Missouri  river,  except  the 
old  settlements  of  St.  Genevieve,  Cape  Girardeau  and  New  Madrid,  on 
the  Mississippi  river;  and  therefore  the  territory  now  constituting  Lafay- 
ette county,  was  at  that  time  a  part  of  what  was  called  St.  Louis  parish  or 
district.  However,  in  governor  Howard's  proclamation,  dated  October  1, 
1812,  calling  this  first  election,  the  five  civil  districts  are  for  the  first  time 
officially  called  counties. 

January  23,  1816,  all  that  part  of  the  state  lying  north  and  west  of  the 
Osage  river  on  the  south  side  of  the  Missouri,  and  west  of  Cedar  creek, 
(opposite  Jefferson  City),  and  west  of  the  dividing  ridge  between  the 
streams  that  flow  eastward  into  the  Mississippi  and  those  which  flow  south- 
ward into  the  Missouri,  on  the  north  side  of  that  river,  was  organized 
under  the  name  of  Howard  county.  It  was  so  named  in  honor  of  Gen. 
Benj.  Howard,  of  Kentucky,  who  was  appointed  governor  of  this  Terri- 
tory in  1810.  The  county  seat  was  first  located  at  Cole's  Fort,  just  below 
the  present  site  of  Boonville;  but  in  1816  it  was  removed  to  old  Franklin, 
opposite  Boonville. 

In  1818,  all  that  part  of  Howard  county  lying  south  of  the  Missouri 
river,  and  north  and  west  of  the  Osage,  was  erected  into  a  new  county 
called  Cooper,  in  honor  of  Capt.  Sarshall  Cooper,  who,  with  ten  others  of 
the  same  name,  his  sons  or  relatives,  were  early  settlers  and  Indian  fight- 
ers in  the  "  Boone's  Lick  country."  (Capt.  Cooper  was  killed  in  1814.) 
The  county  seat  was  at  Boonville. 

On  November  16,  1820,  the  legislature  again  created  a  lot  of  new  coun- 
ties; and  all  that  portion  of  Cooper  county  lying  west  of  the  present  east- 
ern boundary  of   Lafayette  county,  and  between  the  Missouri  river  on  the 
north  and  the  Osage  river  on  the  south,  was  named  Lillard  county,  after 
a 


206  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

James  Lillard,  who  was  the  first  member  of  the  legislature  from  this 
locality,  and  introduced  the  bill  to  make  the  new  counties.  The  county 
seat  was  fixed  at  Mount  Vernon,  a  small  settlement  near  the  mouth  of 
Tabo  creek,  about  eight  miles  east  of  Lexington.  Mr.  Lillard  subse- 
quently abandoned  the  new  county  which  had  received  his  name,  and 
went  back  to  his  old  home  in  Tennessee.  The  pioneer  settlers  were  dis- 
pleased with  this  move,  which  seemed  to  cast  some  discredit  on  their 
chosen  and  favorite  country. 

In  April,  1825,  Gen.  Lafayette  and  his  son  George  Washington  Lafay- 
ette, visited  St.  Louis,  the  General  being  then  sixty-eight  years  old,  and 
were  received  with  a  magnificent  ovation.  The  legislature  of  1824-5  was 
still  in  session,  and  it  signalized  the  great  event  by  changing  the  name  of 
Lillard  county  to  that  of  Lafayette,  in  honor  of  the  distinguished  French- 
man who  had  so  nobly  aided  our  country  in  the  revolutionary  war.  His 
name  and  great  services  to  our  national  cause  were  fresh  in  the  minds  of 
the  people;  and  the  naming  of  this  county  after  hfm  was  designed  as  a 
perpetual  memorial  of  their  reverence  and  gratitude.  In  February,  1823, 
the  county  seat  of  Lillard  county  had  been  moved  from  Mount  Vernon  to 
Lexington,  so  that  when  the  name  Lillard  was  dropped,  and  Lafayette 
substituted,  Lexington  was  alreadv  the  county  seat,  and  has  remained 
so  ever  since. 

In  1826,  December  15,  Jackson  county  was  organized,  and  its  eastern 
boundary  was  the  present  west  line  of  Lafayette  county.  And  on  Decem- 
ber 13, 1834,  Johnson  county  was  laid  off  by  act  of  legislature,  its  northern 
line  being  the  same  as  the  south  line  of  Lafayette  county.  This  com- 
pleted the  different  steps  and  stages  successively  by  which  Lafayette 
county  went  through  the  process  of  political  incubation  and  was  hatched 
out  into  her  present  goodly  plumage  and  fair  proportions. 

At  the  present  time  the  county  is  divided  into  eight  civil  townships,  to- 
wit:  Clay,  Davis,  Dover,  Freedom,  Lexington,  Middleton,  Sniabar  and 
Washington.  But  during  its  various  stages  of  development  it  has  had 
Blackwater,  Blue,  Caw,  Clearfork,  Fort  Osage,  Springfield,  and  Tabo 
townships,  which  do  not  now  exist  within  her  borders. 

FIRST    CIRCUIT    COURT    IN   LILLARD   COUNTY. 

The  first  court  held  in  Lillard  county  was  at  Mount  Vernon,  February 
12,  1821.  The  county  of  Lillard  was  established  by  an  act  of  the  Legis 
lature  passed  November  16,  1820,  and  was  included  in  the  first  judicia 
district.  Gov.  McNair  appointed  David  Todd  to  be  judge  of  this  cir- 
cuit, and  hence  it  was  Judge  Todd  who  held  the  first  court  at  Moun 
Vernon,  as  above  mentioned.  The  act  creating  Lillard  county  had  desig 
nated  Mount  Vernon  to  be  the  county  seat  until  the  people  of  the  county 
should  be  able  to  suit  themselves  better.     The  governor  had  likewis 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  207 

commissioned  Hamilton  R.  Gamble  to  be  prosecuting  attorney  of  this 
court;  Young  Ewing,  clerk,  (commission  dated  Jan.  18,  1821);  and  Wm. 
R.  Cole,  sheriff,  (commission  dated  Jan.  1,  1821).  Hamilton  R.  Gamble, 
Peyton  R.  Hayden  and  John  T.  McKinney  were  admitted  to  practice  as 
attorneys  at  the  bar  of  this  court,  the  first  day  of  its  existence. 

A  grand  jury,  the  first  one  in  the  county,  was  empaneled  the  same  day, 
as  follows:  Wm.  Lillard,  foreman;  John  J.  Heard,  John  Lillard,  Wm.  F. 
Simmons,  Thomas  Linville,  Jesse  Cox,  James  Bounds,  Jr.,  David 
Jennings,  Isaac  Clark,  Wm.  Wallace,  Christopher  Mulky,  Jacob  Catron, 
John  Bowman,  George  Parkerson,  Thomas  Hopper,  James  Linville, 
John  Robison,  Thomas  Fristoe,  Wm.  Fox  and  Samuel  Watson.  Their 
first  presentment  was  made  in  a  short  time,  against  John  Salady,  for  tres- 
pass and  assault  and  battery,  "a  true  bill,"  etc. 

The  next  day,  February  13,  the  court  was  opened  at  10:15  o'clock,  and 
the  first  case  presented  was  an  application  for  divorce,  as  follows : 
"Sarah  Lillard,  by  David  Jennings,  her  next  friend,  complainant, 
Against  Jerry  Lillard,  defendant, 
In  a  petition  for  a  divorce. 

This  day  came  the  complainant,  by  her  counsel,  and  filed  her  petition, 
praying  for  a  divorce  from  bed  and  board,  and  setting  forth  cruel  and 
barbarous  treatment  so  as  to  endanger  her  life,  and  indignities  offered  so 
as  to  render  her  situation  intolerable,  and  compelling  her  to  leave  her  hus- 
band," etc. 

But  at  the  next  term  of  the  court,  June  12,  the  case  was  on  motion  of 
the  complainant  discontinued.  However,  this  same' day  another  divorce 
case  was  entered,  to-wit:  Jane  Cooper,  complainant,  against  Braxton 
Cooper,  defendant.  This  case  was  heard  October  10th,  and  Jane  was 
granted  a  divorce. 

That  first  term  of  circuit  court,  in  February,  1821,  had  one  case  in 
chancery, — Thomas  Cox  and  Richard  Scott  vs.  Wm.  E.  Aikman.  And 
on  the  second  day  the  grand  jury  brought  in  quite  a  list  of  presentments, 
as  follows:  The  state  of  Missouri  vs.  John  Young,  for  assault  and  battery; 
also  against  John  Ingram  and  Solomon  Catron,  for  the  same  offense, 
and  against  John  Young,  Jonathan  Hicklin,  Jacob  Catron  and  James  Lil- 
lard for  an  affray.  The  business  of  litigation  continued  to  increase  from 
term  to  term  so  that  the  court  always  had  enough  cases  on  the  docket  to 
keep  it  busy  while  in  session.  In  fact,  the  records  show  that  "those  early 
times"  were  not  any  better  in  that  respect  than  these  later  times.  Indee  , 
there  was  a  great  deal  more  litigation  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  peo- 
ple than  there  is  now. 

The  July  term,  1825,  of  the  circuit  court  is  entered  as  "  a  circuit  court 
begun  and  held  in  the  town  of  Lexington,  and  county  of  Lillard"  etc. 
Its  record  occupies  pages  11  to  15  of  book  No.  2.  Then  on  page  16  of 
the  same  book  occurs  this  entry:     "A  circuit  court  begun  and  held  in  the 


i 


208  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

court  house  in  the  town  of  Lexington,  Lafayette  county,  on  the  24th  day 
of  November,"  etc.,  (1825).  There  is  no  record,  note  or  memoranda  to 
show  how,  when  or  why  the  name  of  the  county  ceased  to  be  Lillard  and 
commenced  to  be  Lafayette.  It  is  common  report  that  one  of  the  first 
acts  of  our  state  legislature  after  Gen.  Lafayette's  visit  to  St.  Louis  in 
1825,  was  to  change  the  name  of  Lillard  county  to  Lafayette  county; 
but  this  historian  failed  to  find  a  copy  of  the  act,  or  any  document  or  other 
record  giving  the  exact  date  or  particulars  of  the  change.  It  would  cer- 
tainly seem  as  though  the  court  record  should  have  had  some  memoranda 
to  account  for  and  explain  the  change,  so  as  to  authenticate  the  proper 
dating  and  entitling  of  official  papers,  but  nevertheless  no  such  explana- 
tion appears,  neither  in  the  circuit  court,  county  court  or  marriage  records. 
In  each  case  there  is  simply  an  abrupt,  unexplained  change  of  name  from 
Lillard  to  Lafayette  county. 

FIRST  COURT   IN  LAFAYETTE  COUNTY. 

The  first  circuit  court  of  Lafayette  county  was  held  at  Lexington, 
November  24,  25,  1825.  David  Todd,  judge;  Markham  Fristoe,  sheriff; 
Young  Ewing,  clerk. 

The  first  grand  jury  of  Lafayette  county  consisted  of:  Wm.  Bowers, 
foreman;  David  James,  Henry  Rowland,  Geo.  Nevil,  A.  P.  Patterson,. 
Spencer  Estes,  Thos.  Marr,  Isaac  Clark,  Pink  Hudson,  Wm.  Clark,. 
Calvin  Howe,  Samuel  Cox,  Wm.  Robertson,  Jesse  Demasters,  Hiram 
Helm,  David  Norris,  Jesse  Nave,  Frederick  Sebril,  Jesse  Cox,  and  Henry 
Campbell.  They  received  their  charge,  and  retired  for  consultation;  but, 
unlike  their  predecessors,  the  first  grand  jury  of  Lillard  county,  there  was 
no  business  before  them;  and  they  were  at  once  dismissed. 

David  Todd  continued  to  be  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  up  to  the  Novem- 
ber term,  1830.  But  at  the  February  term,  1831,  J^hji^\_Ryiandjook 
his  seat  as  judge  of  the  court,  under  a  commission  signed  by  John  Miller 
governor,  January  18,  1831.  This  Judge  Ryland  was  the  father  of  Judge 
John  E.  Ryland  and  Xenophon  Ryland,  Esq.,  prominent  and  well-known 
attorneys  of  Lexington  at  the  present  time.  Judge  Ryland  occupied  this 
bench  continuously  for  eighteen  years,  then  occupied  a  seat  on  the 
supreme  bench  of  the  state  for  eight  years.     He  died  September  10,  1873> 

FIRST  COUNTY    COURT. 

The  first  thing  that  appears  of  record  is  the  opening  of  the  county  court 
at  the  house  of  Samuel  Weston*  in  the  town  of  Mount  Vernon,  January 
2,  1821.  John  Stapp,  John  Whitsett  and  James  Lillard,  Sr.,  had  been 
commissioned  by  Governor  McNair,  under  date  of  St.  Louis,  December 
8, 1820,  as  justices  of  the  county  court  of  Lillard  county.     Henry  Renick 


*Sarnuel  Weston  had  been  commissioned  by  the  governor,  November  22, 1820,  as  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  for  Tabbo  township,  then  in  Cooper  county,  but  at  this  time  in  Lillard 
county. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  209 

Sr.,  was  then  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  county,  and  he  administered  the 
oath  of  office  to  the  new  justices.  (He  had  been  commissioned  by  the 
governor  November  22,  1820,  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  Sniabar  town- 
ship, then  in  Cooper  county,  but  now  Lillard  county.)  Young  Ewing 
was  the  first  clerk  of  court;  his  bond  was  given  for  $1,200,  with  Wm.  Y. 
C.  Ewing  and  Joel  Campbell,  as  securities.  This  was  at  the  April  term. 
The  January  term  had  done  no  business  except  to  record  the  justices'  com- 
missions aud  swear  them  into  office. 

The  first  case  in  this  court  was  a  motion  of  Abram  McClelland,  April 
23,  1821,  for  letters  testamentary  on  the  last  will  of  Amasa  Crain, 
deceased.  Mr.  McClelland,  David  Ward  and  Abel  Owens  entered  into 
bond  in  the  case.  The  will  was  proven  by  the  oaths  of  John  Tharp,  and 
John  Walker,  and  the  record  says:  "  Ordered,  that  Lilburn  W.  Boggs, 
[afterwards  governor  of  the  state,  1836  to  1840,]  Richard  Edmundson  and 
Wm.  E.  Aikman,  who  being  first  sworn,  do  appraise  all  the  slaves  and 
all  the  personal  estate  to  them  produced  of  Amasa  Crain,  deceased,  and 
make  due  return  thereof  according  to  law ." 

The  same  day  Wm.  Y.  C.  Ewing,  Thomas  Fristoe,  Joseph  Irwin,  Abel 
Owens  and  Samuel  Evans,  were  appointed  commissioners  of  the  school 
lands  of  the  county;  and  it  was  "ordered,  that  all  persons  who  have 
improved  school  lands  shall  be  allowed  to  occupy  the  same  so  long  as  to 
reap  the  benefits  of  three  crops,  including  those  that  have  been  made  or 
received  by  said  improver." 

April  24,  1821,  John  Dustin  was  appointed  surveyor  of  Lillard  county, 
he  "having  been  examined  in  presence  of  the  court,  as  to  his  qualifica- 
tions," etc. 

July  24,  John  Stapp  was  appointed  to  be  president  of  the  court.  After 
this,  the  court  proceeded  to  make  up  the  first  bill  of  county  expenses, 
thus: 

To  Adam  Lightner,  for  furnishing  the  circuit  court  with  houses 

two  terms,  3  days  each  term,  at  $1.50  per  day $  9.00 

To  Adam  Lightner,  for  furnishing  county  court  with  houses  two 

terms,  at  $1.25  per  day,  3  days  in  all 3.75 

Markham  Fristoe,  deputy  sheriff,  as  per  account  filed 5.50 

Markham  Fristoe,  deputy  sheriff,  as  per  account  filed 1.00 

Wm.  R.  Cole,  as  per  account  filed 5.00 

Abner  Graham,  "  "      1.00 

George  W.  Parkerson,     "  "      1-00 

Wm.F.  Simmons,  "  "      2.00 

John  Stapp,  countv  court  justice,  4^-  davs 9.00 

James  Lillard,         «  "  "         9.00 

John  Whitsett,        "  "  "         9.00 

Total $55.25 


210  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

October  23,  1821,  Braxton  Small  was  appointed  deputy  clerk  of  the 
county  court.  The  first  report  of  the  tax  collector  was  made  on  this  same 
day,  when  there  appeared  to  be  due  the  county,  from  Markham  Fristoe, 
the  collector,  the  sum  of  $83.70.  The  court  ordered  him  to  pay  $50  of  it 
to  the  county  treasurer  within  fifteen  days,  and  the  balance  at  the  next 
term  of  court. 

March  12,  1822,  John  Duston,  James  Bounds,  and  James  Lillard  were 
bonded  in  the  penal  sum  of  $2,000,  as  commissioners  to  select  the  most 
suitable  place  whereon  to  erect  a  court  house  and  jail,  and  to  let  contracts 
for  the  buildings. 

The  first  record,  in  regard  to  an  election  in  the  county,  occurs  under 
date  of  July  9,  1822.  At  this  time,  Solomon  Cox,  Legard  Fine,  and 
James  Lillard,  Jr.,  were  appointed  judges  of  an  election  to  be  held  at 
Mount  Vernon,  in  Tabbo  township;  and  Julius  Emmons,  David  Ward, 
Thomas  Swift  were  appointed  judges  of  an  election  to  be  held  in  Sniabar 
township,  "at  the  place  of  preaching  near  Henry  Renick's." 

At  this  election,  which  occurred  in  August,  Jesse  Hitchcock  was  elected 
constable  for  Sniabar  township,  and  James  Bounds,  Jr.,  for  Tabbo  town- 
ship. 

It  is  noticeable,  that  in  the  earliest  official  county  records  Tabo  is  some- 
times spelled  Ta  Beau;  and  Sniabar  is  nearly  always  spelled  Sny  E. 
Bairre.  [See  Township  History  of  Dover  and  Sniabar  township,  for 
origin  of  the  names  Tabo  and  Sniabar.] 

March  12,  1822,  James  Bounds,  John  Duston,  and  James  Lillard  were 
appointed  commissioners  to  select  a  town  site  for  the  county  seat,  and  let 
contracts  for  suitable  buildings.  They  selected  the  site,  and  laid  out  the 
town  of  Lexington  (old  town).  The  contract  to  erect  public  buildings 
was  let  to  Henry  Renick,  and  on  June  27,  1825,  appears  an  account  of 
$875.15  paid  him  on  the  job.  There  are  small  items  of  payments,  for  jail 
and  court  house,  scattered  along  in  the  county  records,  for  two  or  three 
years,  so  that  it  was  never  known  just  how  much  this  building  did  cost. 
It  was  a  poor  job,  anyway,  as  the  facilities  for  obtaining  suitable  materials 
for  such  a  structure  were  then  very  meagre. 

November  23,  1825,  appears  another  entry  of  $467.41J,  paid  Renick  on 
construction  of  court  house;  and  the  same  day  the  building  was  accepted, 
and  commissioners  discharged.  This  building  was  occupied  for  county 
purposes  a  few  years,  but  proved  to  be  unfit  and  unsafe,  and  on  July  24, 
1832,  the  county  court  "  Ordered  that  James  Fletcher  be  appointed  com- 
missioner to  sell  the  court-house  of  this  county,  except  the  rock  founda- 
tion, as  follows:  The  brick,  in  four  parcels,  and  the  shingles,  planks,  and 
timbers,  in  one  lot,  etc.     The  sale  took  place  August  1. 

The  county  then  rented  accommodations  for  some  years.  The  August 
term  of  court  was  held  in  Benedict  Thomas'  house.     In  1835  Messrs. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  211 


Rollins  &  Thomas,  completed  a  new  fnree.-story  building  for  the  county. 
This  was  used  until  1845,  when  the  present  classic  and  stately  court 
house  was  erected  in  the  new  town  of  Lexington,  by  Hunter  &  Alford, 
contractors.  The  old  building  in  old  Lexington  was  eventually  sold  to 
the  Baptist  Female  College,  and  used  by  that  institution  until  the  war  of  the 
rebellion.  During  the  turmoil  it  was  used  by  the  United  States  troops  as 
a  hospital,  and  finally  as  a  pest-house  for  small-pox  cases;  hence  after 
the  war  it  was  not  used  again  for  a  school  house,  or  any  other  public 
purpose,  but  was  torn  down  and  sold  as  old  brick. 

The  transition  from  Lillard  to  Lafayette  county  is  a  little  curious.  The 
session  of  county  court  June  27,  1825,  called  it  Lillard  county.  The 
session  on  July  11,  makes  its  entry,  "  Lillard  or  Lafayette  county."  This 
occurs  twice.  Then  the  August  term  again  uses  Lillard  county  only. 
The  November  term  does  not  once  in  any  way  name  the  county.  The 
next  term,  February  6,  1826,  says,  "  county  of  Lafayette,  and  so  it  has 
stood  ever  since. 

August  6,  1822,  the  court  examined  and  adopted  a  county  seal.  It  bore 
the  figure  of  a  plow,  and  words,  "  Missouri,  Lillard  county." 

FIRST   ROADS,    FERRIES,    LICENSES,    ETC. 

The  first  mention  of  a  road  in  the  count}'  occurs  under  date  of  April 
24,  1821.  Abner  Graham  was  appointed  overseer  of  the  road  leading 
from  Fort  Osage  through  Sniabar  township,  from  opposite  where  James 
Connor  then  lived,  to  Fort  Osage.  He  was  required  to  keep  the 
road  in  good  repair,  clear  and  smooth,  twenty  feet  wide.  At  the  same 
time  James  Young  was  appointed  overseer  of  the  road  from  Little  Snia- 
bar to  James  Connor's.  Wm.  F.  Simmons  was  appointed  overseer  of  the 
road  from  the  Tabbo  Creek  crossing  near  Mount  Vernon,  to  the  range 
line  between  ranges  26  and  27;  and  from  this  latter  point  Thos.  Fristoe 
was  appointed  overseer  westward  to  Little  Sniabar  Creek.  George 
Parkerson  was  appointed  for  the  road  from  Tabo  Creek  eastward 
through  Mount  Vernon  to  east  end  of  Tabo  township. 

On  the  same  day  Gilead  Rupe,  Markham  Fristoe,  Wm.  Robertson, 
and  Reuben  Riggs  were  appointed  commissioners  to  view  the  best  and 
nearest  route  for  a  road  leading  from  Jack's  ferry  to  intersect  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Fort  Osage  to  Mount  Vernon.  Fort  Osage  was  near  where  the 
town  of  Sibley  now  stands,  in  Jackson  county,  and  was  the  nearest  post  of 
U.  S.  soldiers,  in  case  of  an  attack  upon  the  settlement  by  Indians. 

At  the  same  time  also  a  license  was  issued  to  Adam  Lightner  to  keep  a 
ferry  across  Tabo  Creek,  for  which  he  paid  a  tax  of  two  dollars.  The 
ferriage  rates  fixed  by  the  court  were:  For  one  passenger,  three  cents; 
horse,  three  cents;  cattle,  three  cents  each;  hogs  or  sheep,  two  cents 


212  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

each;  carriage  or  cart,  twenty-five  cents;  wagon  and  team,  thirty-seven 
and  a  half  cents. 

July  9  a  license  was  granted  to  Robert  Castles  to  retail  merchandise  in 
this  county,  for  which  privilege  he  paid  $30  per  year.  This  is  the  first 
license  of  the  kind  on  record,  and  it  is  presumed  he  was  the  first  mer- 
chant in  the  county.     The  location  of  his  store  is  not  named. 

July  23,  1821,  license  was  granted  to  Thomas  Stokely  to  keep  a  ferry 
across  the  Missouri  River  about  three  miles  below  Fort  Osage,  for  which 
he  had  to  give  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $2,000.  Abel  Owen  was  his 
bondsman.  The  rates  fixed  by  court  for  this  ferry  were:  Passenger, 
twelve  and  a  half  cents;  man  and  horse,  twenty-five  cents;  neat  cattle, 
ten  cents  each ;  hogs  or  sheep,  three  cents  each ;  carriages,  thirty-seven 
and  a  half  cents;  carts,  fifty  cents;  wagons,  one  dollar;  lumber  or 
goods  not  in  vehicle,  six  cents  per  hundred  weight.  Mr.  Stokely  also 
procured  the  appointment  of  Abner  Graham,  James  Hicklin,  William 
Y.  C.  Ewing  and  Wm.  Renick  as  commissioners  to  lay  out  "a  road  from 
the  bridge  on  Fire  Prairie  creek  to  said  Stokely's  ferry  on  the  Missouri 
river." 

There  does  not  appear  any  record  as  to  how  or  when  or  where  Jack's 
ferry  was  established,  but  we  learn  from  General  Graham  that  it  was  at 
the  original  steamboat  landing  which  afterwards  became  the  foot  of  Com- 
mercial street  of  the  city  of  Lexington,  although  now  (1881)  there  is  solid 
land  for  half  a  mile  out  from  this  old  landing. 

July  23,  Ira  Bidwell,  Benjamin  Gooch,  Jesse  Demaster  and  Pink  Hud- 
son were  appointed  to  lay  out  a  road,  giving  Jack's  ferry  a  shorter  connec- 
tion with  the  Ft.  Osage  road.  Also  Gilead  Rupe,  Richard  Fristoe,  John 
Allison,  and  John  Young  were  appointed  to  lay  out  a  road  from  Jack's 
ferry  to  the  county  line  toward  Revis  salt  works. 

July  24,  Abel  Owen  and  Henry  Renick  were  appointed  to  lay  off  Snia- 
bar  township  into  suituble  and  convenient  road  districts.  And  the  same 
day  a  license  was  granted  to  Adam  Lightner,  to  keep  a  tavern;  for  this 
license  he  paid  $12  per  year.  The  same  day  also  Michael  Ely  was 
licensed  to  sell  merchandise;  this  license  cost  $30  per  year. 

August6, 1822,  Alfred  K.  Stevens  was  granted  a  permit  to  build  a  ware- 
house on  the  Missouri  river,  on  the  northwest  fractional  quarter  of  section 
24,  fractional  township  51.  This  was  for  the  storage  and  inspection  of 
tobacco,  and  appears  to  have  been  the  first  commercial  enterprise  in  the 
county. 

November  5,  record  is  made  of  license  issued  to  Abner  Graham  to 
retail  wines  and  spirituous  liquors;  also  to  James  Rath  well  for  the  same 
purpose — each  paying  $5  for  six  months'  license.  In  August,  1823,  a 
renewal  of  Rath  well's  license  to  sell  liquors  is  recorded  as  "J.  Rath  well's 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  213 

ferry  license,"  which  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  popular  jokes  of  that 
early  day.     Rathwell,  it  seems,  had  bought  Stokeley's  ferry. 

FIRST    MARRIAGE. 

The  first  marriage  record  in  the  county  is  a  curiosity,  and  we  copy  it 
"  verbatim  et  spellaiim"  etc : 

Missouri  State 

Lillard  county  no  ye  to  home  it  may  concern  that  this  8  day  of  Febru- 
ary 1S21  was  joined  together  in  the  holy  estate  of  marimony  James  Kee- 
ney  and  Anney  Ramsey  by  me 

Jonathan  Keeney,  G.  M. 

["  G.  M."  stands  for  gospel  minister.] 

During  the  same  year,  1821,  the  following  additional  marriages  occurred: 
February  23,  George  Shelby  to  Margaret  Tunage,  by  Rev.  Martin  Trapp ; 
March  15,  Wm.  Cox  to  Sary  Cantrel,  by  Rev.  Martin  Trapp;  March  28, 
Wm.  Furgusson  to  Polly  Heard,  by  Samuel  Weston,  J.  P.;  March  15, 
Robert  McAffee  to  Mary  Gladden,  by  John  Heard,  J.  P.;  March  15, 
Wallace  McAffee  to  Susanna  Givens,  by  John  J.  Heard,  J.  P.;  April  26, 
Walter  Burril  to  Lydia  Cox,  by  J.  J.  Heard,  J.  P.  This  was  all  in  that 
year. 

A  total  of  sixty-one  marriages  occurred  in  Lillard  county,  from  the  first 
one,  February  8,  1821,  till  August  5,  1S25.  But  the  first  marriage 
recorded  as  occurring  in  Lafayette  county,  after  the  change  from  Lillard 
to  Lafayette,  was  that  of  Nicholas  Turner  to  Keziah  McClure,  by  Abel 
Owens,  J.  P.,  July  19,  1825.  There  is  some  confusion  in  the  records 
during  the  period  of  the  change  of  name  from  Liliard  to  Lafayette  county. 
The  last  marriage,  as  above  noted,  is  given  as  occurring  in  Lafayette 
county,  and  yet  on  November  2,  1825,  nearly  four  months  later1,  Young 
Ewing  signs  his  name  on  the  record  as  Clerk  of  Lillard  circuit  court. 
The  July  term  of  the  circuit  court  was  recorded  as  in  Lillard  county,  but 
the  November  term  is  recorded  as  in  Lafayette  county.  No  record  was 
made  to  explain  this  change  of  name. 

The  actual  first  marriage  within  the  present  bounds  of  the  county,  was 
that  of  John  Lovelady  and  Mary  Cox,  in  1818,  before  the  county  was 
organized,  and  hence  does  not  appear  on  the  record.  [See  article  headed 
"  History  of  Dover  township." 

PREHISTORIC  MAN  IN   LAFAYETTE  COUNTY. 

Commencing  on  page  20  of  this  volume  will  be  found  a  chapter  on  the 
general  subject  of  the  prehistoric  or  Moundbuilder  race  in  Missouri. 
That  chapter  rambles  all  over  the  state  for  its  data.  This  article  is  con- 
fined to  such  relics  of  those  ancient  people  as  we  have  been  able  to  get 
knowledge  of  in  Lafayette  county. 

The  writer  hereof  has  identified  the  site  of  an  ancient  or  Moundbuildei 
village  near  Lexington.     It  is  on  the  north  half  of  southeast  quarter  of. 


214  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

section  27,  township  51,  range  27;  the  land  is  known  as  the  old  Cromwell 
place,  and  is  just  across  a  ravine  north  from  Judge  A.  S.  Tutt's  place.  It 
was  formerly  cultivated  as  a  corn  field,  but  has  lain  fallow  for  three  years 
past,  the  old  house  upon  it  being  decayed  and  uninhabitable.  There  is  a 
small  orchard  near  the  old  house  ruins.  The  ground  here  for  five  or  six 
acres  is  dotted  over  with  flint  chips,  bits  of  ancient  pottery,  and  other 
relics  of  the  Moundbuilder  folks.  The  Lexington  Intelligencer  of  June  25, 
1881,  contained  the  following  local  item: 

Relics  of  the  prehistoric  people  Or  Moundbuilders,  who  inhabited  Mis- 
souri before  our  modern  Indians  occupied  it  as  their  hunting  grounds, 
have  been  found  and  published  in  about  twenty  different  counties  of  Mis- 
souri, but  Lafyette  county  has  not  received  her  share  of  celebrity  in  this 
line. 

Two  of  the  Intelligencer  office  boys,  Frank  Lamborn  and  Ethan  Allen, 
Jr.,  have  specimens  of  flint  arrow-heads  and  other  curious  things  which 
they  showed  to  Prof.  Reid,  of  the  Missouri  historical  company,  and  he 
listed  and  named  them  thus: 

Ethan's  list:  1  flint  drill,  3^  inches  long — was  used  by  the  ancient  peo- 
ple to  drill  their  soapstone  and  pipestone  pipes;  also  to  make  holes  in  other 
trinkets  so  as  to  string  them;  4  flint  arrow-heads  of  different  sizes,  shapes 
and  colors;  1  flesher — an  implement  made  of  green-stone,  and  which  was 
used  as  a  hand  wedge  or  peeler  in  the  process  of  skinning  animals,  then 
as  a  flesher  and  rubber  in  preparing  the  skins  so  they  would  be  soft  and 
pliable.  This  tool  weighs  just  a  pound.  It  was  also  used  to  peel  bark 
from  trees. 

Frank's  list  consists  of  25  arrow  and  javelin  heads,  varying  from  1£  to 
5  inches  in  length.  Five  implements  which  archaeologists  call  shovels; 
these  range  from  3Jto  6^  inches  long;  1  flesher;  1  stone  ax — a  very  beau- 
tiful specimen,  made  of  a  kind  of  rock  called  syenite,  a  species  of  granite. 

Last  Mondav  evening  the  boys  went  with  Prof.  Reid  out  to  a  place 
they  called  "Indian  Hill,"  east  of  the  old  Masonic  college,  and  there  they 
found  great  quantities  of  flint  chips,  broken  arrow  heads,  fragments  of 
ancient  pottery  with  different  styles  of  ornamentation  represented  on  differ- 
ent pieces;  and  lastly  a  part  of  a  tiny  copper  ax.  *  This  last  is  supposed 
to  have  been  the  emblem  of  authority,  kept  or  worn  by  the  chief.  The 
boys  say  they  used  to  find  pocketsfull  of  arrow-heads  and  such  things 
there.  The  abundance  of  flint  chips,  broken  pottery,  etc.,  on  the  ground 
is  said  to  show  that  a  village  was  located  there,  and  a  manufactory  of 
arrow-heads,  flint  knives,  shovels,  stone  axes  and  pottery  must  have  been 
kept  there  for  some  time. 

*  On  page  20  of  this  volume  it  is  stated  that  "they  had  no  knowledge  of  iron,  or  any  art 
of  smelting  copper,'1''  etc.  But  in  Switzler's  history  of  Missouri,  page  108,  we  find  this  pas- 
sage: "It  has  been  stated,  and  often  repeated,  that  they  had  no  knowledge  of  smelting  or 
casting  metals,  yet  the  recent  discoveries  in  Wisconsin  of  implements  of  copper  cast  in  molds 
— as  well  as  the  molds  themselves,  of  various  patterns,  and  wrought  with  much  skill — prove  that 
the  age  of  metallurgical  arts  had  dawned  in  that  region,  at  least."  This  was  written  by  A. 
J.  Conant,  of  the  St.  Louis  Academy  of  Sciences.  The  copper  specimen  found  by  Prof. 
Reid  at  Lexington  looks  as  if  it  may  have  been  molded,  instead  of  hammered  out  from  the 
virgin  ore. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  215 

Col.  John  Reid  also  submitted  for  examination  and  name  a  round  stone 
weighing  one  pound  and  seven  and  one-fourth  ounces,  which  looked  more 
like  a  petrified  osage  orange  than  anything  else.  But  the  professor  says 
it  is  not  a  petrifaction  at  all,  but  is  made  from  a  flinty  kind  of  rock  called 
hornstone,  and  was  used  by  the  Mound  builder  people  as  a  sort  of  pestle 
to  work  in  a  saucerlike  cavity  in  another  piece  of  hard  stone  which  served 
as  a  mortar.  With  this  rude  apparatus  they  ground  or  mashed  their 
parched  corn  and  roasted  acorns;  they  also  used  it  to  pulverize  red  and 
yellow  ochre  to  make  war-paint. 

Prof.  Reid  made  several  subsequent  visits  to  the  place  in  company  with 
Prof.  S.  M.  Sellers  of  the  Wentworth  male  academy,  Mr.  Charles  Teub- 
ner,  George  Wilson,  and  others,  and  each  time  found  some  additional 
relics,  until  he  had  fragments  of  pottery  showing  over  thirty  different 
styles  of  ornamentation,  besides  many  plain  pieces,  and  much  variety  in 
the  quality  and  admixture  of  the  clay  in  degrees  of  hardness,  toughness* 
etc.,  and  in  shades  of  color. 

The  following  ancient  mounds  have  been  reported  to  this  historian:  Mr. 
George  Wilson  says  that  when  the  house  was  built  where  Prof.  Quarles 
now  lives,  (a  part  of  the  Elizabeth  Aull  seminary  property),  two  mounds 
were  dug  away  in  digging  the  cellar  and  foundation,  and  some  human 
bones  and  unimportant  relics  were  found.  And  there  is  one  mound  still 
remaining  in  the  back  yard  at  this  place,  just  on  the  edge  of  the  bluff, 
commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  river. 

Wm.  H.  Chiles,  Esq.,  reports  a  group  of  five  mounds  on  Brush  creek 
bottom,  where  the  old  Lexington  and  Warrensburg  road  crossed  the  creek 
on  Robert  H.  Smith's  land  in  section  36,  township  50,  range  27. 

Ethan  Allen,  Esq.,  reports  a  mound  in  Wm.  T.  Hay's  front  yard,  on 
southeast  quarter  of  section  24,  township  51,  range  27;  also,  two  mounds 
on  Dr.  Wilmot's  place,  northwest  quarter  of  section  23. 

Charles  Teubner  reports  two  mounds  on  T.  R.  E.  Harvey's  land,  south- 
east quarter  of  section  22,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  northwesterly  from 
the  negro  burying-ground,  which  is  on  the  Robert  Aull  estate.  These 
two  mounds  are  perhaps  twenty  rods  apart,  and  near  the  brow  of  the 
bluff,  giving  a  grand  outlook  over  the  Missouri  river  and  country  beyond. 
One  of  the  mounds  is  still  six  feet  high,  and  has  a  modern  grave  on  top, 
with  a  rude  board  fence  around  it. 

Dr.  Sandford  Smith  reported  a  mound  on  section  5,  township  50,  range 
27;  and  in  company  with  Dr.  Smith  and  Mr.  Charles  Teubner,  we  visited 
it.  The  mound  is  on  the  Odell  place.  Old  Mr.  George  Odell  dug  into 
it,  from  top  to  bottom,  more  than  twenty  years  ago  (it  was  before  the  war, 
anyway).  Its  extreme  height  was  about  six  and  a  half  or  seven  feet.  A 
layer  of  loose  stones  had  been  laid  on  the  ground  and  then  the  earth  piled 
up  over  them.  No  wall  or  chamber  was  found,  nor  any  relics  except  a 
few  crumbly  human  bones.     This  mound  is  on  the  highest  point  of  land 


216  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

in  that  vicinity,  and  from  its  top  objects  can  be  seen  which  are  known  to 
be  twenty-five  miles  distant;  hence,  it  is  concluded  that  this  was  used  by 
the  ancient  people  as  a  signal  tower,  to  guide  their  distant  friends  up  or 
down  the  river  by  night,  or  give  warning  of  approaching  danger.  It  si 
on  the  brow  of  the  river  bluff. 

MOUND-BUILDER  RELICS. 

Mr.  Charles  Teubner  of  Lexington  has  a  collection  of  Moundbuilder 
relics,  numbering  about  2,300  specimens  in  flint,  comprising  arrow-heads, 
spear-heads,  javelins,  daggers,  bird  darts,  drills,  reamers,  fish  spears,  shov- 
els, hoes,  scrapers,  knives  or  lances,  and  some  forms  the  use  of  which  is 
still  undetermined.  The  materials  represented  in  these  specimens  are 
flint,  hornstone,  agate,  chert,  chalcedony,  slate,  hematite,  milky  quartz,  and 
vitreous  or  glassy  quartz  crystal.  Among  these  are  over  100  specimens 
known  as  bird  darts,  being  perfectly  wrought  and  finished  arrow  heads 
less  than  an  inch  long.  These  are  supposed  to  have  been  designed 
especially  for  shooting  small  birds  of  brilliant  plumage,  the  feathers  of 
which  were  used  by  some  tribes  in  making  a  very  rich  and  gaudy  kind 
of  cloth.  Specimens  of  this  kind  of  cloth  were  found  by  the  conquering 
Spaniards  in  Mexico  which  excelled  iu  princely  gorgeousness  the  most 
costly  silks,  satins,  velvets  or  laces  ever  seen  in  European  courts.  It  was 
made  in  the  same  way  that  some  good  housewifes  now-a-days  make  most 
elegant  rugs,  by  knitting  common  store-twine  and  looping  a  small  shred 
of  silk  fabric  into  each  stitch,  and  when  finished,  shearing  the  silk  ends 
all  to  even  length. 

About  900  specimens  of  Mr.  Teubner's  collection  are  arranged  on 
black  oil  cloth  so  as  to  form  five  life  size  figures  as  follows: 

No.  1  Indian  with  battle  axe,  in  the  act  of  striking  a  savage  blow.  This 
figure  or  chart  is  composed  of  181  flint  arrow  and  spear  heads,  so 
arranged  as  to  depict  the  Indian  physiognomy,  costume,  and  action  with 
great  vigor  and  lifelikeness. 

No.  2.  Indian  with  drawn  bow  and  arrow,  full  life  size,  and  the  Indian's 
redness  of  face,  even,  is  artistically  represented  by  using  red  or  coppery 
tinged  flints  for  that  part.     This  design  is  composed  of  192  pieces. 

No.  3,  A  deer  running.  This  is  a  companion-piece  to  No.  2,  and  con- 
tains 93  flints  besides  a  small  pair  of  deer  horns. 

No.  4.  Indian  smoking  the  peace-pipe.  This  chart  contains  147  flint 
specimens. 

No.  5.  Indian  squaw  and  pappoose.  This  is  the  masterpiece  of  all;  it 
contains  296  flints,  so  exquisitely  arranged  that  the  woman's  moccasins, 
frilled  skirt,  flowing  hair,  and  nursing  breast  are  perfectly  represented; 
the  child's  figure  is  perfect,  even  every  finger  and  toe  being  shown,  and 
by  a  skillful  use  of  the  different  shapes  and  colors  of  the  arrow-heads,  an 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  217 

expression  of  glee  or  laughter  shows  in  the  features  of  both  mother  and 
child  as  she  stands  tossing  the  little  sucker  as  high  as  she  can  reach. 

The  specimins  of  which  these  figures  are  composed  were  all  collected 
in  Gasconade  and  Franklin  counties,  Missouri,  during  the  years  1873-74- 
75,  by  George  H.  King,  Esq.,  now  of  Kansas  City,  who  was  then  school 
commissioner  of  Gasconade  county.  He  made  the  charts  and  had  them 
displayed  in  the  Missouri  building  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1876.  Mr.  Teubner  afterwards  bought  them  and  added  them 
to  his  Lexington  collection,  where,  in  addition  to  the  above,  he  has  speci- 
mens from  Lafavette,  Pettis,  Montgomery,  Warren,  Boone,  and  Jackson 
counties  in  Missouri;  and  also  from  the  States  of  Kentucky,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Virginia,  Maryland,  and  New  York.  Besides  the  flint  specimens  of 
Moundbuilder  work,  are  grooved  stone  hammers  and  axes  weighing  from 
twelve  ounces  to  over  five  pounds.  Two  of  these  are  of  hematite,  a  kind 
of  brown  iron  ore  almost  as  heavy  and  hard  as  real  iron.  Also  stone  bark 
peelers,  skin  dressers,  corn  pestles,  paint  cups,  game  discs,  and  various 
other  tools  or  trinkets.  There  are  supposed  to  be  two  or  three  other 
larger  collections  in  the  United  States  than  this,  but  there  is  probably  not 
another  one  equal  to  it  in  the  variety  of  forms  and  material  and  the  great 
number  of  exquisitelv  finished  specimens  of  the  flint  work.  Mr.  Teubner 
has  been  over  twenty  years  making  his  collection  and  still  pursues  it.  He 
is  determined  to  give  Lexington  the  honor  of  having  both  the  largest  and 
most  varied  collection  in  the  United  States  except  that  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.     Of  course  no  private  collection  can  compete  with  that. 

Mr.  Jackson  Cox,  in  his  field  in  south  half  of  section  2,  township  48, 
range  28,  Sniabar  township,  plowed  up  an  ancient  pipe  of  flattened  ovoid 
form,  with  a  groove  and  two  creases  worked  around  from  the  stem  hole. 
The  material  is  a  heavy,  compact,  dirty-blue  tinged  variety  of  pipe-stone, 
and  an  excellent  specimen.  Mr.  Geo.  F.  Maitland  furnishes  a  fine  speci- 
men of  flint  drill,  5f  inches  long  and  half-inch  bore,  such  as  the  ancient 
people  used  to  work  with  thumb  and  finger,  for  drilling  into  softer  kinds 
of  stone.     He  found  it  on  Gen.  Vaughan's  farm. 

In  connection  with  Mr.  Teubner's  specimens  that  were  collected  in 
Gasconade  county,  we  ought  to  mention  the  fact  that  a  stone  about  eight- 
een inches  square,  with  a  human  footprint  on  each  side,  was  found  in  his 
field  by  Mr.  Wm.  Miller,  of  Bay  post-office,  Gasconade  county.  [See 
page  14,  of  this  work,  for  the  St.  Louis  footprints  in  stone.]  Mr.  Miller 
sold  this  stone,  together  with  other  relics,  to  John  P.  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Keytesville,  Chariton  count}7,  a  well  known  writer  on  the  early  explora- 
tions of  Missouri  by  the  Spanish  and  French.  [See  Kansas  City  Review 
of  Science,  Nos.  for  May,  June,  July,  August,  1881.]  Mr.  Jones  thinks 
the  footprints  which  he  had  were  sculptures  and  not  plastic  moulds.  He 
sent  the  stone  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  at   Washington  City.     Mr. 


218  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Jones  says  this  stone  was  reddish  quartzite.  He  further  writes:  "Geo.  S. 
Mepham,  of  St.  Louis,  had  a  footprint  stone  a  few  years  sgo,  its  material 
being  limestone.  I  saw  one  at  Washington  with  two  footprints  on  the 
same  side.     I  also  knew  of  one  in  Kansas." 


PHYSICAL  FEATURES. 

COMPRISING   GEOGRAPHY,    TOPOGRAPHY,     HYDROGRAPHY,     METEOROLOGY 
GEOLOGY    AND    NATURAL    HISTORY. — GEOGRAPHICAL    POSITION. 

Lafayette  is  the  second  county  east  from  the  state  line  between  Mis- 
souri and  Kansas;  has  seven  counties  between  it  and  the  south  line  of  the 
state,  six  east  of  it,  and  four  north.  Its  area  is  395,000  acres,  one  author- 
ity says;  another  says  393,000;  and  a  third  says  403,671  acres.  The  last 
man  gives  exact  figures,  as  if  he  had  measured  it  himself,  so  we  conclude 
the  other  fellows  were  only  "guessing  at  it."  The  39th  parallel  of  latitude 
crosses  about  midway  of  the  county — almost  through  Higginsville;  and 
its  longitude  is  from  16^  to  IT  degrees  west  from  Washington.  Saline 
county  adjoins  on  the  east,  Johnson  county  on  the  south,  Jackson  on  the 
west,  and  Ray  and  Carroll  across  the  Missouri  river  on  the  north.  Its 
latitude  is  the  same  as  Kansas  City,  Cincinnati,  and  Dover  the  capital  of 
Delaware;  its  longitude  corresponds  with  the  boundary  between  Louisana 
and  Texas,  and  with  the  cities  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  Mankato,  Min- 
nesota. 

TOPOGRAPHY  AND  HYDROGRAPHY. 

We  have  not  found  any  survey  notes  or  other  authentic  data  to  show 
where  is  the  highest  or  lowest  point  of  land  in  Lafayette  county.  But  an 
examination  of  the  map  shows  that  the  county  about  Mount  Hope  and 
Odessa,  in  the  east  part  of  Sniabar  township,  is  probably  the  highest  land ; 
for  streams  rising  in  this  vicinity  flow  off  in  every  direction — north,  south, 
east  and  west.  Both  forks  of  the  Big  Sni  rise  here,  one  flowing  north- 
ward and  the  other  westward;  ^eadstreams  of  Davis  creek  flow  from 
here  eastward;  and  small  tributaries  of  the  Blackwater  river  in  Johnson 
county  rise  here  and  flow  southward.  Hence  a  knob  near  Odessa,  on 
Edward  Lee's  land,  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  the  highest  point.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  vicinage  of  Mayview  likewise  has  streams  flowing  from  it 
in  nearly  every  direction,  and  some  think  that  is  the  highest  land.  Others 
again  claim  that  Lexington,  or  some  hills  in  its  vicinity  are  the  highest, 
citing  the  fact  that  the  coal  beds  dip  from  Lexington  southward,  and  that 
the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad  runs  a  heavy  down  grade  for  five 
miles  out  of  the  city.  ISTothing  but  an  actual  topographical  survey  can 
settle  such  a  point;  and  we  are  informed  that  some  such  surveys  will  be 
made  in  this  county  by  the  government  during  this  year  and  next. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  219 

The  largest  and  longest  stream  in  the  county  is  Davis  creek:  which  rises 
by  several  tributaries  in  the  southern,  western  and  central  parts  of  Wash- 
ington township,  and  flows  northeasterly  between  Freedom  and  Davis 
townships,  then  southeasterly  in  Saline  county,  where  it  empties  into 
Blackwater  river,  that  into  the  Lamine,  and  that  into  the  Missouri  in 
Cooper  county  a  few  miles  above  Boonville.  The  east  and  west  forks  of 
the  Big  Sni  both  rise  in  Sniabar  township,  the  east  fork  flowing  steadily 
northward,  while  the  west  fork  makes  a  grand  detour  westward  into  Jack- 
son county,  then  back  northeasterly  to  a  junction  with  the  east  fork  in 
Clay  township,  about  three  miles  from  its  mouth  near  the  village  of  Wel- 
lington. The  Little  Sni  rises  partly  in  Clay  and  partly  in  Washington 
townships,  flows  north,  northwest,  and  north,  and  for  three  or  four  miles 
of  its  course  forms  the  boundary  between  Lexington  and  Clay  townships. 

Tabo  creek  is  perhaps  the  next  largest  stream  after  the  Big  Sni;  and 
has  two  considerable  branches  which  rise  in  Washington  township,  two 
in  Lexington  township,  and  one  in  Dover  township.  The  course  of  the 
main  stream  is  steadily  northward,  and  it  forms  the  entire  boundary  line 
between  Lexington  and  Dover  townships.  One  of  its  branches  rises  in 
the  southeast  part  of  Lexington  city,  anal  the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  rail- 
road follows  it  in  a  southeasterly  direction,  for  advantage  of  grade,  for  a 
distance  of  over-  five  miles. 

Salt  creek  rises  in  the  southwest  part  of  Middleton  township,  with 
small  headstreams  flowing  in  from  Davis  and  Dover.  Its  course  is  north 
and  northeast,  and  then  it  flows  away  entirely  across  Saline  county  and 
empties  into  the  Blackwater  river,  of  which  it  is  called  the  "  Salt  fork." 
Saline  licks  occur  in  many  places  along  this  stream,  and  this  fact  gave 
name  to  Saline  county.  Elm  creek  rises  in  southeast  part  of  Middleton 
township,  and  flows  northeasterly  into  Saline  county  and  joins  Salt  cfeek. 
Panther  creek  rises  in  Freedom  township,  west  of  Concordia,  and  flows 
southeasterly  into  the  Blackwater. 

The  above  are  all  the  principal  streams  of  the  county,  but  there  are  a 
great  many  small  tributaries  with  local  or  neighborhood  names  which  do 
not  appear  on  the  maps.  In  Freedom  township  there  is  Mulky  creek, 
Blackjack  creek,  and  Peavine  creek.  In  Middleton  township  there  is 
Willow  creek  and  Craig's  branch.  In  Davis  township  there  is  an  Elm 
branch,  Bear  branch,  Merritt's  branch,  and  Johnson's  creek,  all  flowing 
southwardly  into  Davis  creek.  In  Dover  township  there  is  Cottonwood 
creek.  In  Washington  township,  there  are  James  creek,  Honey  creek, 
North  and  South  forks  of  Davis  creek,  and  Brush  creek.  In  Clay  town- 
ship there  is  Owl  creek,  and  Helm's  lake,  the  latter  a  remnant  of  t'ne 
ancient  river  bed.  In  Lexington  township  there  are  Graham's  branch 
and  Rupe's  branch,  at  Lexington  city,  and  the  Garrison  fork  of  Tabo 
creek.     In  Sniabar  township  there  is  Horseshoe  creek.     Clay,  Lexington, 


220  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Dover,  and  Middleton  townships  front  on  the  Missouri  river  as  their 
northern  boundaries. 

The  river  at  the  city  of  Lexington  has  very  much  changed  its  channel. 
The  original  landing  for  Jack's  ferry  and  keel  boats,  before  steamboats 
came  much  into  use,  was  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Rupe's  branch.  The 
backwater  from  the  river  set  up  into  the  branch  above  the  stone  bridge  on 
the  Wellington  road,  and  there  was  a  ledge  of  bare  rocks  in  the  bed  of 
the  branch  just  above  the  bridge,  from  which  boys  used  to  leap  or  plunge 
into  deep  water;  it  was  a  favorite  swimming  ground.  When  steamboats 
began  to  come,  and  Lexington  grew  to  be  a  great  center  of  trade, 
the  steamboat  landing  was  at  the  old  ferry  landing;  and  the  city 
graded  and  paved  Commercial  street  to  make  a  good  and  mudless  road- 
way from  her  main  business  center  down  to  the  wharf.  But  now  the 
river  has  filled  up  its  old  channel  with  solid  land,  so  that  a  steamboat  to- 
day cannot  land  anywhere  within  half  or  three-quarters  of  a  mile  of  the 
old  place;  Rupe's  branch  cove  is  all  filled  up,  the  ledge  of  rocks  com- 
pletely covered,  and  Commerce  street  grown  to  weeds  and  chink-grass, 
though  the  paving  still  remains  as  a  reminder  of  the  "  used-to-be."  At 
low  water,  the  steamboat  and  ferry  landing  are  now  far  down  the  river, 
almost  below  the  city.  And  what  the  old  Missouri  is  going  to  do  with  it 
in  the  future  no  mortal  can  tell. 

Other  steamboat  landings  in  the  county  are  at  Napoleon,  Berlin,  Dover 
landing,  and  Waverly. 

RIVER   SURVEYS   AND    SOUNDINGS. 

During  the  winter  of  1879-80  the  Burlington  and  Southwestern  railroad 
company  made  a  series  of  surveys  and  soundings  to  determine  the  feasi- 
bility of  building  a  railroad  bridge  across  the  Missouri  river  at  Lexington. 
Howard  Dunn,  a  civil  engineer  of  Lexington,  was  employed  on  this  work, 
assisted  by  Wm.  Tutt,  Charles  Morrison,  Charles  Montgomery  and 
Charles  H.  Dunn,  all  Lexington  boys.  Some  work  was  done  by  making 
soundings  through  the  ice.  Then  Mr.  Dunn  was  sent  by  the  same  com- 
pany to  examine  and  report  on  the  grades,  curves  and  condition  of  roadbed 
of  the  old  Lexington  and  Gulf  railroad.  After  this,  or  about  February 
18, 1880,  the  railroad  company  sent  another  engineer,  Mr.  Hurst,  of  Chili- 
cothe,  to  join  Mr.  Dunn  in  a  further  prosecution  of  the  river-bed  sound- 
ings and  bank  surveys,  and  this  work  was  carried  on  from  a  point  on  the 
north  bank  considerably  above  the  foot  of  pine  street  to  a  point  on  the 
south  bank  bluff,  near  Dr.  Wilmot's  place.  The  highest  point  taken  on 
the  bluff  was  just  north  of  the  old  Masonic  college,  and  was  167  feet 
above  low-water  mark.  Fifteen  different  test  soundings  were  made  for 
bed-rock  in  the  river,  with  the  following  results: 

No.  1.  950  feet  down  stream  from  west  end  of  the  old  Anderson  ware- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  221 

house  at  foot  of  Pine  street,  and  149  feet  out  from  the  river  bank,  bare 
rock  was  struck  at  15.8  feet  from  the  surface,  the  river  being  then  3£  feet 
above  low-water  gauge.  This  rock  was  drilled  into  18  inches  without 
going  through,  and  was  found  to  be  a  solid  limestone  ledge. 

No.  2.  At  same  place,  291  feet  from  bank,  the  same  bed-rock  was  found 
with  16.5  feet  of  water. 

No.  3.  Same  place,  396  feet  from  river  bank,  sand  bottom  was  found 
at  21  feet  depth  of  water.  A  two-inch  gas-pipe  was  then  sunk  in  the 
sand  46.7  feet  without  finding  rock. 

No.  4.  Same  place,  492  feet  from  bank,  water  12.5  feet  deep;  gas-pipe 
driven  52  feet  into  the  sand  of  river  bottom  without  finding  rock.' 

Nos.  11,  12,  13,  14  and  15  represented  a  line  of  soundings  from  shore 
to  shore  at  a  point  200  feet  up-stream  from  Major  Claget's  coal  mine. 
No.  15  was  200  feet  out  from  the  south  shore,  and  at  21  feet  depth  of 
water  the  bedded  limestone,  same  as  Nos.  1  and  2,  was  found.  But  at  all 
the  other  numbers  on  this  line,  at  an  average  depth  of  51  feet  from  the 
surface,  there  was  found  a  reef  of  boulders  and  coarse  gravel,  with  sand 
again  below  them. 

No.  9.  This  sounding  was  500  feet  up-stream  from  the  line  last  men- 
tioned, and  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  50  feet  back  on  the  beach  from 
the  water's  edge.  The  result  was,  they  bored  through  55  feet  of  sand 
and  sandy  loam,  then  8  feet  of  gravel  and  shale,  then  4  feet  of  slate  and 
coal,  then  13  feet  of  sand,  without  finding  bed  rock.  The  total  depth 
bored  at  this  point  was  80.2  feet. 

No.  10.  This  test-point  was  150  feet  out  in  the  river  from  the  north 
shore  line,  and  the  water  was  4.5  feet  deep.  At  21  feet  below  the  water 
surface  coal  and  sand  was  found;  at  22  feet,  gravel;  at  27  to  46  feet,  quick- 
sand; at  52  feet,  gravel;  at  94  feet,  no  bed-rock.  Here  the  tube  stuck 
fast,  could  not  be  got  out,  and  is  there  yet. 

Whether  the  railroad  company  considered  these  results  such  as  to  war- 
rant them  in  ever  building  a  railroad  bridge  at  Lexington,  no  man  know- 
eth;  but  at  this  writing  (Oct.  1,  1881)  there  are  many  signs  which  seem 
to  indicate  that  a  bridge  will  sometime  be  built  here,  and  that  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  and  Quincy  railroad  company  will  run  its  southwestern  branch 
from  Burlington,  Iowa,  by  way  of  the  old  Lexington  and  Gulf  grade 
toward  Texas. 

In  October,  1880,  Mr.  Dunn  assisted  in  making  water  soundings  for  the 
government,  from  Wellington  down  to  Lexington  island,  and  the  deepest 
water  found  was  opposite  the  foot  of  Pine  street,  where  it  showed  thirty- 
five  feet  depth  of  water  below  low-water  oauge. 

A  little  above  the  old  hemp  warehouse  on  Pine  street,  in  the  angle  of 
the  bluff  on  the  west  side  of  the  street,  there  is  a  heavy  bed  of  rock  facing 

B 


* 

fr 


222  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

the  river,  and  in  this  rock  is  a  plug  of  lead  with  a  copper  bolt  in  its  center. 
This  is  called  a  government  bench  mark;  the  government  surveyors  have 
established  a  similar  mark  every  ten  miles  along  the  banks  of  the  Missour 
river,  from  Sioux  City  to  its  mouth.  These  form  permanent  fixed  points 
from  which  to  reckon  all  future  topographical  surveys,  but  do  not  seem  to 
have  any  uniform  reference  to  water  level. 

WATER  LEVELS  AND  FLOODS. 

A  mark  known  as  the  St.  Louis  directrix,  is  the  standard  gauge  from 
which  all  levels  on  the  Missouri  and  Upper  Mississippi  rivers  are  reck- 
oned, and  that  mark  is  372  feet  above  sea  level.  The  government  low 
water  gauge-mark  at  Lexington  is  at  an  assumed  elevation  of  424.2  feet 
above  the  sea,  but  that  is  not  certain;  and  a  series  of  soundings  made  for 
the  government  by  Mr.  Dunn,  of  Lexington,  on  September  20,  1881,  gave 
a  depth  of  19  feet  4  inches  of  water,  below  low  water  gauge,  in  the  channel 
a  little  above  Pine  street;  but  there  was  known  to  be  deeper  water  below 
this  point. 

In  1844  occured  the  greatest  flo  od  on  record  in  the  Missouri  river. 
Another  "  high  water"  came  in  1877,  and  another  in  1881.  The  following 
is  their  record:  1844,  26.66  feet  above  Lexington  low  water  gauge;  1877, 
17.75  feet  above;  1881,  23.10  feet  above. 

An  old  city  survey  reports  the  top  of  the  curb  stone  in  front  of  Aull's 
building,  corner  of  North  and  Broadway  streets,  to  be  190  feet  above  low 
water  mark,  and  that  is  nearly  the  level  of  North  or  Main  street  of  Lex- 
ington City. 

RIVER  IMPROVEMENT  AT  LEXINGTON. 

From  the  annual  report  of  U.  S.  chief  engineers,  1880,  Part  II,  page 
1409,  we  quote:  "The  rapid  erasion  of  the  left  bank,  in  the  bend  just 
above  Lexington,  is  allowing  the  whole  river  to  move  bodily  down  stream, 
and  if  not  checked  will  soon  destroy  entirely  the  harbor  and  boat-landing 
at  Lexington.  The  plan  proposed  contemplates  the  protection  of  caving 
banks  by  brush-mattress  revetments,  and  the  construction  of  floating 
dikes,  designed  and  located  so  as  to  rectify  the  channel." 

In  Part  I,  page  163,  of  same  report,  we  find  this:  "With  the  funds 
appropriated  by  act  of  June  14,  1880,  for  improving  the  Missouri  river  at 
this  locality  (Lexington),  it  is  proposed  to  commence  the  work  by  pro- 
tecting the  banks  where  necessary  with  brush  revetment,  and  rectifying 
the  channel  by  floating  brush  dikes  or  other  structure  (wire  mattress  is 
being  used,  1881,)  designed  to  produce  like  effect,  as  far  as  the  funds  avail- 
able will  allow." 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  223 

Amount  appropriated  by  Act  approved  June  15, 1880 $15,000 

July  1,  1880,  amount  available _ .  .  .  .    15,000 

Am't  (estimated)  required  for  completion  of  exixting  project .    35,000 
Am't  that  can  be  profitably  expended  in  fiscal  year  ending 

June  30,  1882 35,000 

The  above  work  was  in  progress  during  the  summer  of  1881,  under 
immediate  charge  of  E.  C.  Shankland,  U.  S.  assistant-engineer.  A  steam 
hydraulic  grading  machine  or  boat  was  employed  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  river,  to  prepare  the  bank  for  the  floating  dykes  and  recumbent  wire 
mattresses.  This  machine  was  kept  at  work  steadily  by  two  crews,  five 
working  from  noon  to  midnight,  and  five  from  midnight  till  noon;  then  a 
cook,  making  eleven  men  in  all,  and  all  Lexington  men  except  one.  The 
survey  and  sounding  party,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Howard  Dunn,  of  Lexing- 
ton, consisted  of  seven  men,  two  flagmen  on  shore,  three  oarsmen,  a  lead- 
man,  and  a  recorder  in  boat;  and  five  of  this  party  were  Lexington  men. 

METEOROLOGY. 

In  the  spring  of  1877  Prof.  Francis  E.  Knipher,  of  Washington  Univer- 
sity, St.  Louis,  established  a  system  of  voluntary  weather  observing  sta- 
tions throughout  the  state.  It  was  purely  a  voluntary  service,  only 
engaged  in  by  those  who  were  willing  to  give  time,  labor,  and  care  to  it, 
from  their  love  of  science  and  their  desire  to  secure  to  Missouri  the  prac- 
tical benefits  of  such  observations.  There  were  in  Missouri  at  one  time 
eighty  of  these  stations,  but  in  June,  1881,  only  forty-nine  made  any 
reports.  In  the  state  of  Iowa  there  are  two  hundred  similar  volunteer 
weather  stations. 

In  December,  1877,  Dr.  J.  B.  Alexander,  of  Lexington,  commenced  his 
work  as  a  member  of  the  Missouri  Volunteer  Weather  Bureau,  making 
careful  observations  of  wind,  moisture,  temperature,  etc.,  three  times 
each  day,  and  at  the  end  of  each  month  reporting  to  Prof.  Knipher  in 
tabulated-  form,  the  results  of  the  month's  daily  record.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  unremitting  and  taxing  kinds  of  public  service  that  any  man  can 
engage  in;  it  is  fraught  with  the  supremest  interests  of  agriculture,  com- 
merce, climatology,  prevailing  diseases,  etc.  Its  devotees  are  self- 
sacrificing  public  benefactors,  toiling  gratuitously  for  the  industrial  and 
sanitary  welfare  of  the  state,  for  it  is  only  by  such  observations,  kept  up 
through  a  long  series  of  years,  that  the  laws  of  climate  and  season  can 
be  learned,  and  their  normal  recurrences  taken  advantage  of  for  the  ben- 
efit of  mankind. 

The  following  tables  of  observations  made  at  Lexington,  show  a  mar- 
velous amount  of  patient  and  painstaking  labor,  and  were  prepared  by 
Dr.  Alexander  especially  for  this  work,  in  order  to  their  permanent  pres- 


224 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


ervation;  and  any  one  can  see  that  when  similar  records  have  been  kept 
at  forty  or  fifty  different  places  throughout  the  state  for  ten,  twenty,  or 
thirty  years  successively,  they  must  throw  a  vast  deal  of  valuable  light 
upon  the  problems  of  climate  and  season  within  our  commonwealth. 

MEAN     TEMPERATURE    AND    AMOUNTS    OF    RAINFALL    FOR    THE    SEVERAL 
MONTHS  AND  SEASONS  OF  THE  FOLLOWING  YARS: 


1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

Average 

c 

p. 

P. 

A 

a. 

a 

— 

a 

— 

B 

~ 

8 

s 

a 

~ 

a> 

• 

H 

fa 

H 

fa 

H 

fa 

H 

fa 

H 

hi 

a 

a 

a 

as 

a 

a 

03 

a 

a 

os 

e 

S3 

a 

as 

0> 

0) 

93 

as 

as 

a 

W 

a 

K 

a 

tf 

a 

M 

£ 

as 

33  2 

I  34 

22  0 

1  05  *Q 

2  29 

16  8 

17  34 

•17  8 

1.26 

February 

38.9 

3.57 

Sl.fi 

0.48 

35.3 

1  62 

22.6 

4  29 

37.2 

2.49 

50.0 
58.3 

2  58 
3.42 

45.8 
54  fi 

1.07 
1.94 

40.5 
54.5 

1.85 
2.15 

33.2 
47.5 

2.67 
2.12 

42.6 
53  7 

2  04 

2\41 

May  ...  

61  R 

3  26 

68.5 
71.8 
76.5 
74  3 

67  8 

3  63 

66  5 

3.99 

66  1 

4.30 

70.3 
79. a 

2.77 
2.60 
1  20 

10  53 
6.89 
0  44 

71  4 
75.3 
74  9 

0.65 
3.7H 
5  14 

73.1 
76.5 

79  6 

5.94 
2  10 
2  24 

71  7 
76.9 

76  1 

4  97 

3  82 

79  0 

2.26 

69  1 

1  78 

63  2 

3  02 

62  5 

4  37 

64  9 

3.06 

55.8 

1.58 

59  n 

3.12 

49  7 

2.24 

54.8 

2.31 

45.9 

0.50 

41.7 

3.94 

27.9 

2  51 

3S.5 

2.32 

21.7 

4  00 

24.fi 

2.63 

21.7 

0  97 

27.8 

2.29 

38.5 

6.47 

24.7 

5.53 

33.0 

6.54 

20.4 

5.60 

29.2 

6.04 

56.8 
76  2 

9.26 
6.57 

56.3 
74.2 

•5  66 
17.86 

54  3 
72.9 

7  63 
9.49 

49.1 
76.4 

8.78 
10  28 

54.1 
74.9 

7.83 

11.06 

56.9 

3.86 

54.6 

10.08 

46.7 

9.12 

52.7 

7.69 

•Year 

55.3 

28.60 

52  8 

37.76 

51.7 

31 .  12 

53.3 

32  76 

♦This  average  is  based  upon  four  dry  years.  A  more  accurate  averaee  fiom  a  larger  number  of  years 
would  be  much  higher. 


DAYS  OF  RAIN,  SNOW,  THUNDER-STORMS  DURING  THE  FOLLOWING  YEARS: 


1878. 

1879. 

1*80. 

1881. 

Average. 

as  as 

o   . 

-.o 
«  a 

am 

^2 

E-KZ) 

>>  • 

as 

as  as 

o   . 

a 
■->o 

Ox 

3° 

E-<x> 

■a  as 

44 

3i» 

u 

is 

Eh  03 

5  >■ 

'3  03 

xo 

o   . 

■x  £ 

Sen 

%4 

a  E 
E-c» 

>>  • 

33  03 

o  . 

rC     ft 

S-.0 

o-r, 

32 
E-iz> 

10 

n 

8 

7 

14 

10 

5 

6 

6 

5 

5 

8 

34 

29 

21 

16 

95 

5 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
1 

8 
13 
0 
0 
2 
°1 

1 

1 

6 

6 
6 
1 
4 
2 
2 
0 
0 
2 
19 
11 
4 
36 

5 
5 
9 
9 
7 
12 
11 
5 
6 
7 
8 
6 

18 
25 
28 
21 
90 

3 
4 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
1 

15 
1 

0 

1 
m 

0 
0 
o 

8 
6 

12 
10 
5 
5 
3 
6 
2 
0 
16 
27 
14 
58 

9 

3 

5 

6 

8 

7 

10 

11 

6 

4 

9 

7 

18 

19 

28 

19 

85 

1 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
4 
3 
2 
0 
5 
13 

1 
2 
3 
6 
8 
6 
9 

10 
4 
2 
1 
1 
5 

17 

25 
7 

53 

8 
8 
11 
10 
13 
11 
5 
3 

5 
4 
5 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
1 
2 

e 

10 
7 
3 
2 

7 
8 
8 
11 
10 
8 
6 
6 
4 
7 

23 

27 
24 
19 
90 

4 
4 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
4 

11 
2 
0 
3 

14 

1 

March 

1 
4 

May 

7 
8 

8 

August 

6 
5 

4 
2 

2 

Winter 

23 
34 
19 

'is 

0 

"*2 
15 
12 

1 
2 
17 

19 

8 

Year 

49 

HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


225 


CLEAR    DAYS,    CLOUDY    DAYS    AND    DAYS  WITHOUT  SUNSHINE,  DURING  THE 

FOLLOWING    YEARS: 


1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

Avera 

?e. 

00 
>> 

S3 

■a 

3     . 
O  O 

-  a 

00 

03 

.5  6 

s*> 

S3 

•a 

3     . 

-   -j 
J3  3 

00 

>> 

33 

e>-. 

S3 

■a 

3     . 
O  0J 

si  3 

m 
>> 

>> 

S3 
•0 

3  . 
041 
■2  2 

T3 

>> 

Tt-S 

"O 

>> 

*'S 

•o 

>> 

■{?■* 

Q 

>» 

-o 

>> 

te^ 

F< 

u 

a 

s]  « 

S3 
1) 

O 

o3  oo 

S3 

a 

o 

f>3 

a> 

o 

>>3 
S3  *> 

0 

O 

s»>3 
ss  a> 

s 

o 

a 

o 

U 

a 

o 

o 

« 

U 

u 

a 

U 

u 

* 

22 

9 

12 

11 

5 

12 

7 

4 

5 

16 

6 

10 

9 

5 

7 

12 

9 

6 

1 

14 

2 

0 

6 

12 

5 

9 

8 

2 

12 

8 

12 

4 

2 

7 

6 

1 

10 

6 

2 

10 

6 

2 

April  

15 

5 

12 

5 

1 

13 

3 

0 

8 

9 

4 

12 

5 

2 

May    

7 
9 

8 
fi 

12 
19 

5 
3 

1 

0 

11 

15 

2 
1 

0 
0 

6 
10 

6 
0 

0 
0 

9 

18 

5 

3 

I) 

0 

15 

1 

17 

2 

0 

15 

1 

0 

20 

1 

0 

17 

2 

0 

21 

1 

22 

1 

0 

16 

3 

0 

17 

2 

0 

19 

2 

0 

21 

2 

17 

2 

() 

18 

2 

1 

19 

V 

0 

18 

2 

21 

3 

0 

18 

5 

1 

17 

3 

1 

15 

4 

13 

6 

1 

10 

9 

8 

13 

6 

5 

5 
28 

11 
36 

13 

26 

13 

28 

5 
15 

13 
39 

10 
22 

9 
9 

"24 

32 

"20 

13 
29 

11 

29 

5 

Winter 

15 

34 

21 

36 

14 

4 

31 

11 

1 

24 

31 

6 

31 

19 

4 

45 
54 

8 
8 

48 
51 

6 

11 

0 
1 

46 
46 

5 
16 

0 

10 

47 

0 

46 
50 

5 

12 

0 

Year 

5 

157 

69 

169 

61 

16 

162 

51 

24 

162 

60 

90 

extremes  of  temperature  observed  during  the  years  1878,  1879, 

1880  and  1881. 


HIGH   TEMPERATURE. 


1878.  june. 
No.  of  days  above  90°  .  .0 

JULY. 

12 94O0 

13 94®0 

15 95  =  0 

No.  of  days  above  90°  .13 
august. 

19 95=>0 

20 95  =  0 

21 94  =  5 

23 96  =  5 

24 97  =  0 

No.  of  davs  above  90°  .12 

SEPTEMBER. 

No  of  days  above  90°  . .  .4 

1879.  junk. 

9 94  =  5 

No.  of  days  above  90=  ..5 

JULY. 

11 93  =  5 


No  of  days  above  90  =  . .  .7 

AUGUST. 

26 94  =  0 

27 94  =  5 

No.  of  days  above  90=  ..9 

1880.  JUNE. 

11 93  =  5 

No,  of  days  above  90=  .'.5 

JULY. 

12 95  =  5 

13 96  =  0 

30 94  =  5 

No.  ol  days  above  90  =.15 

AUGUST. 

14 .....97  =  5 

16 96  =  5 

17 97  =  0 

18  99  =  5 

19 100  =  0 

No.  of  days  above  90  ° . .  15 


1881.  JUNE. 

28 95  =  0 

29 95  =  0 

No.  of  days  above  90  o  ..11 

JULY. 

16 94  =  0 

7 94  =  5 

8  95  =  0 

9  : 97  =  5 

10 98  =  5 

11   97  =  5 

12 98  =  0 

16 94  =  0 

17 94C5 

20 9505 

No.  of  days  above  90=  ..14 

AUGUST. 

1 94  =  5 

3  98  =  5 

4 98  =  0 

5 100  =  0 


6 .96  =  0 

8 96  =  0 

9 100  =  5 

10 101O0 

11  103  =  0 

12  101O5 

16 98  =  0 

17 105  =  0 

24  99  =  5 

25 100  =  5 

6 102  =  0 

27 101=8 

28 ....97  =  5 

29 95  =  0 

No.  of  days  above  90=  .21 

SEPTEMBER. 

5  9405 

No.  of  days  above  90=  ..0 


LOW     TEMPERATURE. 


WINTER  OF   1877-8. 
DECEMBER    1877. 

No.  of  days  below  32=  ..8 
No.  of  days  below  zero..O 

JANUARY.   1878. 
No.  of  days  below  32=  .22 
No.  of  days  below  zero.  .0 

FEBRUARY,  1879. 

No.  of  da)  s  below  32=  .15 

No.  of  days  below  zeto.,0 

WINTER  of  1878-9. 

DECEMBER.  1878. 

17 3  =  0  above 

18     4  =  5  below 

19 4c0above 

22 2  =  5  below 

24 5o0      " 

25 4  =  0      •• 

27 zero 

28 2  =  0  above 

30  oOOi.bove 

No. of  days  below  32=  ..28 

No.  of  days  below  zero.. 5 

JANUARY,  1879. 

2 15=  below 

3 17=      " 


|4 17  =  5  below 

|5 12  =  0      " 

6 11  =  0     " 

8  2  =  0  above 

9 7  =  0  below 

19 3  =  0 

No.  of  days  below  32=. .25 
No.  of  days  below  zero.  7 

FEBRUAKY,  1879. 

13 4  =  0above 

14 3  =  0 

20 1°0 

No.  of  days  below  32=   22 

march,  1879. 

No.  of  days  below  32  "5  ..12 

winter  of  1879-80. 

december.  1879. 

12 5  =  0  above 

15 1=5      " 

84... 6  =  5  below 

25 11=0     '•• 

26 3  =  5  above 

No. of  days  below  32  :    .27 
No. of  days  below  zero.  2 

JANUARY,     1880. 

No. of  days  below  32=  ..15 


No.  of  days  below  zero.  0 

FEBRUARY,  1880. 

No  of  days  below  32=  ..21 

WINTER  OF   1880-1. 
OCTOBER.  1880 

No.  of  days  below  32  =  .  .6 

NOVEMBER.  1880. 

18 3  =  5  above 

19...   : 5  =  0      " 

22 4  =  0     •• 

No  of  days  below  32=  .  22 

DECEMBER,  1880. 

5 1=0  above 

6 3  =  4  below 

7 2° 5  above 

3  =  5     " 

27 3  =  0below 

28 9  =  0     » 

39 18  =  0     " 

30 6  =  0      » 

31 5  =  0     '• 

No.  of  days  below  32=  .29 
No.  of  days  below  zero    6 

JANUARY,  1881. 

3 3  =  0  below 

4 2  =  0ab&ve 


3°5beiow 

4  =  0  above 

7  =  0  below 

12  =  0below 

3  =  5  above 

13  =  5  below 

0  =  5  above 

2  =  5      " 

2  =  5      «' 

3  =  5     " 

.  of  days  below  32=  .31 
.  oidays  below  zero.. 5 

FEBRUARY.  1881. 

2  =  5  above 

1  =  5     " 

8°0below 

1  =  5  above 

3  =  0     " 

5  =  0     " 

of  days  below  32  =  . .  26 
of  days  below  zero.  1 

march,  1881. 
of  days  below  32=  .27 

APRIL,  1881. 
of  days  below  32=  11 


226  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

PREVAILING    WINDS. 

During  a  period  of  four  years,  observations,  amounting  to  4,077  in  num- 
ber, gave  the  following  result  as  to  relative  frequency  of  direction  ot  the 
winds: 

TIMES.  TIMES.  TIMES. 

South 1,158     North 652     Southwest 570 

West 457     East 410     Northeast 300 

Southeast 235     Northwest 225     Calm 70 

NOTABLE  WEATHER  ITEMS. 

A  few  points  of  interest  we  have  gathered  from  memoranda,  kept  by 
Mr.  George  Venable.  January  29,  1873,  at  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
the  thermometer,  at  Grimes  &  Venable's  jewelry  store,  showed  24  ° 
below  zero.  During  the  winter  of  1875-6,  no  ice  was  put  up  in  Lexing- 
ton; the  river  did  not  close  at  all;  the  steamboats  ran  all  winter;  and 
it  was  the  mildest  winter  that  had  occurred  for  thirty  years.  December 
12  and  13,  1878,  snow  fell  continuously  for  twenty  hours,  and  then  meas- 
ured thirty-three  inches  deep.  Uncle  George  Houx  said  it  was  the  deep- 
est snow  that  had  been  in  Missouri  for  sixty  years.  During  the  winter  of 
1880-1,  the  river  closed  December  29,  and  remained  icebound  until  Feb- 
ruary 7,  a  period  of  forty-one  days.  It  then  remained  open  seven  days, 
but  on  the  night  of  February  15  it  froze  up  again,  and  remained  so  until 
February  26. 

GEOLOGY  OF  THE    COUNTY. 

Dr.  Swallow  was  born  in  Buckfield,  Oxford  county,  Maine,  in  1817, 
and  traces  his  ancestry  back  to  a  Norman  French  family  named  Sevallieu, 
whose  chief  marched  with  William  the  Conqueror  into  England.  One 
branch  of  the  family  afterward  emigrated  from  France  to  New  Orleans, 
while  another  branch  came  from  old  England  to  New  England;  and  from 
this  latter  stock  Prof.  Swallow  is  descended.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and 
mechanic.  Very  early  in  life,  young  George  took  a  deep  interest  in  the 
then  new  and  mysterious  science  of  geology.  In  1843,  he  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  with  high  honors,  and  was  immediately  appointed  lec- 
turer on  botany,  in  his  alma  mater.  In  1848  he  obtained  aid  from  the 
state  of  Maine,  and  established  an  agricultural  school  at  Hampden,  Maine. 
In  1850  he  was  elected  professor  of  chemistry  and  geology  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Missouri,  and  in  1853  was  appointed  state  geologist — the  first  one 
Missouri  ever  had.  His  first  official  report  was  published  by  the  state,  in 
1855.  He  first  determined,  located,  and  correctly  mapped  the  boundaries 
of  the  geological  formations  of  Missouri,  and  their  mineral  contents,  as 
published  in  his  reports,  and  in  Campbell's  Atlas  of  Missouri— St.  Louis, 
1873 — a  work  which  has  been  followed  by  later  investigators,  in  working 
out  the  minor  details  of  Missouri's  geology.     During  the  war-time,  the 


HISTORY    OF     LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


227 


business  of  the  State  University  and  the  geological  survey  were  so  much 
broken  up,  that,  in  1865,  Prof.  Swallow  accepted  an  appointment  as  state 
geologist  of  Kansas,  and  continued  in  that  work  two  years.  He  had  pre- 
viously, in  1858,  discovered  and  determined  rocks  in  Kansas,  belonging  to  the 
Permian  group  of  geological  series.  This  was  the  first  time  that  rocks  of 
this  age  were  shown  to  exist  in  America ;  and  this  discovery  by  Prof.  Swal- 
low, together  with  his  reports  on  the  geology  of  Missouri  and  Kansas,  and 
papers  read  before  the  American  Association,  gave  him  a  high  rank  and 
honorable  recognition  among  the  learned  societies  and  savans  of  America 
and  Europe. 


GEORGE  CLINTON  SWALLOW,  M.   D.,LL.  D., 

Professor  of  Geology  and  Agriculture  in  the  State  University  of  Missouri,  and  Dean  of  the 

State  Agricultural  College. 

In  1870  the  University  of  Missouri  was  enlarged,  reconstructed  and 
reorganized  on  the  true  university  plan — with  co-ordinate  schools  or  col- 
leges of  literature,  science,  art,  law,  medicine,  mines  and  agriculture.  Dr. 
Swallow  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  natural  history  and  agriculture 
and  made  dean  of  the  agricultural  college,  which  position  he  still  holds. 


228  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

For  nearly  thirty  years  past  he  has  been  a  working  and  leading  member 
of  the  agricultural  and  horticultural  societies  of  the  state,  their  very  exist- 
ence having  grown  out  of  his  urgent  and  eloquent  advocacy  of  such 
organizations  as  early  as  1852.  He  has  also  been  an  active  member  of 
the  "American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science,"  and  has  taken 
an  honored  and  leading  part  in  many  of  its  profoundest  discussions.  He 
has  always  been  a  staunch  opponent  of  "  Darwinism,"  or  the  materialistic 
phase  of  the  doctrine  of  evolution.  His  most  persistent  and  useful  work 
is,  perhaps,  his  study  and  classification  of  Missouri  soils  as  shown  by  his 
numerous  publications  on  their  chemical  and  physical  properties,  and  the 
best  modes  of  culture  for  the  staple  crops  of  the  Mississippi  valley.  [See 
page  70  and  following  pages.] 

ROCKS,  COAL,  FOSSILS,  ETC. 

In  Prof.  Swallow's  geological  map  of  Missouri,  Lafayette  county  is  all 
included  in  what  he  marks  as  the  "  coal  measures,"  or  upper  carboniferous 
formation,  except  some  strips  of  alluvial  bottom  lands  along  the  Missouri 
river;  these  bottom  lands  he  marks  as  "quarternary  " — but  other  authori- 
ties would  further  subdivide  and  class  them  as  "recent  "  formations,  (see 
geological  chart  on  page  67)  because  they  are  the  same  sort  of  formations 
as  are  now  being  made  every  year  by  the  Missouri  and  other  rivers.  By 
referring  to  the  chart  the  order  of  superposition  of  the  different  geolog- 
ical formations  will  be  readily  seen.  Lafayette  county  bluffs  show  the 
coal-measures  subdivision  of  the  carboniferous  age;  then  there  is  an 
absence  of  several  succeeding  formations,  to- wit:  Peruvian,  Triassic, 
Jurassic,  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary;  but  the  first  division  of  the  quarter- 
nary is  found — a  layer  of  sand  and  gravel,  with  occasional  granite  boul- 
ders from  the  azoic  rocks  of  Dakota,  Wyoming  and  Colorado.  These 
are  the  drift  materials  of  the  glacial  epoch ;  and  upon  them  is  deposited  the 
"  bluff'  formation,"  as  Prof.  Swallow  calls  it,  but  which  is  called  loess  by 
most  other  writers.  The  manner  of  production  of  this  "  bluff' formation  " 
will  be  found  explained  on  page  80,  and  this  is  the  body  soil  or  clay  at  the 
top  of  the  geological  formations  all  over  Lafayette  county,  except  the 
recent  bottom  lands  or  flood  plains  of  the  rivers  and  creeks,  and  the  out- 
crop of  other  formations  in  the  river  bluffs  and  on  the  banks  of  streams. 

The  writer  of  this  history  learned  from  some  former  pupils  of  the  Eliz- 
abeth Aull  Seminary  that  Miss  Emma  G.  Wilber.  a  long  time  favorite 
teacher  there,  used  to  take  her  pupils  out  on  geological  excursions;  and 
also  have  them  bring  in  any  specimens  which  they  might  find,  and  which 
she  would  explain  to  them  individually  or  in  class.  And  Miss  Wilber  hav- 
ing removed  to  Englewood,  Illinois,  we  wrote  to  her,  requesting  a  sketch 
of  some  of  her  geological  excursions  with  her  classes,  and  notes  of  any 
rare  specimens  found.  Accordingly,  the  lady  wrote  us-  in  reply,  under 
date  of  June  23,  1881: 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  229 

"My  pupils  overrate  me  if  they  take  enthusiasm  and  interest,  and  a  lit- 
tle imperfect  book-learning,  as  comprehensive  and  accurate  knowledge. 
In  teaching,  I  have  but  attempted  to  give  them  a  glimpse  into  the  beauties 
and  wonders  of  the  boundless  regions  of  Natural  Science,  and  to  awaken 
in  them  a  desire  to  go  in  and  by  patient  study  to  view  for  themselves. 

"Bluffs,  stone  ledges,  water  and  ripple  marks,  and  the  small  shells  that 
are  so  thickly  imbedded  in  the  shales  in  the  ravines,  mean  much  to  girls 
who  are  taking  first  lessons  in  observation,  but  mean  nothing  to  men  of 
mature  study,  except  that  to  the  latter  even  little  things  are  of  value  in 
making  estimations.  I  found,  not  far  from  the  stone  bridge  a  large  gran- 
ite boulder  with  striae  upon  it,  and  an  injected  vein  of  coarse  granite.  I 
do  regard  that  as  a  specimen  of  value  in  a  geological  cabinet,  and  I  had  it 
taken  to  the  Elizabeth  Aull  Seminary,  where  it  remains.  Beyond,  and 
on  the  hill,  I  found  a  concretion  resembling  a  petrified  turtle,  which  is  also 
now  at  the  Seminary;  and  many  small  shells,  besides  two  or  three  uni- 
valves, large  and  well  preserved." 

The  granite  boulder  above  referred  to,  with  "striae"  or  glacial 
scratches  upon  it,  is  indeed  a  very  interesting  relic.  The  original  bed  or 
ledge  from  which  it  was  broken  must  have  been  far  to  the  north-west; 
and  the  scratches  upon  it  would  show  that  it  was  once  embedded  in  the 
bottom  of  a  glacier,  or  possibly  a  iceberg,  and  had  ground  along  upon 
bed  rocks  as  hard  or  harder  than  itself,  thus  leaving  scratches  or  grooves 
upon  it  to  tell  the  story  of  how  it  came  to  Lafayette  county  during  the 
glacial  epoch  of  the  geological  calendar.  The  "concretion  resembling  a 
petrified  turtle,"  which  she  refers  to  is  a  fine  and  valuable  specimen,  but 
it  is  of  mineral  origin  (sometimes  called  "septaria"),  and  not  a  fossil  or 
petrification.  In  closing  her  modest  and  ladylike  coummunication,  Miss 
Wilber  says:  "Mr.  George  Wilson,  to  whom  I  have  referred  many  ques- 
tions, and  Dr.  Alexander,  are  so  able  in  expression  and  so  well  informed 
with  regard  to  geology  and  kindred  subjects,  that  even  were  I  a  very 
great  deal  wiser,  I  could  add  nothing  to  what  they  can  say." 

GEOLOGICAL    SURVEYS. 

The  first  official  geological  work  ever  done  in  Missouri  was  by  David 
Dale  Owen,  who  was  from  1847  to  1852,  the  United  States  geologist.  In 
1852,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  published  Dr.  Owen's 
elaborate  report  of  his  geological  surveys  in  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Minne- 
sota, and  a  part  of  Nebraska.  Missouri  is  not  mentioned  in  the  title  page, 
but  the  text  and  accompanying  maps  show  that  he  surveyed  the  Missouri 
river  from  Sioux  City  to  its  mouth.  His  map  of  the  Missouri  river  notes 
geological  sections  taken  from  the  bluffs  on  the  north  side  opposite  Napo- 
leon and  Wellington  in  this  county,  and  on  the  south  side  at  Lexington 
and  again  fourteen  miles  below.  These  are  undoubtedly  the  first  geolog- 
ical sections  ever  made  in  Lafayette  county,  but  they  are  merely  general- 
ized and  not  given  in  detail,  their  only  purpose  being  to  show  the  relative 
position  of  the  coal  and  any  other  valuable  minerals  or  any  good  rock  for' 


230  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

industrial  uses.  The  Lexington  section  gives,  from  top  downward,  Chae- 
tetes  limestone,  [chaetetes  is  a  fossil  coral],  then  shale,  then  coal  20  inches, 
then  indurated  slaty  clay,  then  limestone,  the  river  bedrock.  Thickness 
of  beds  is  not  given  except  for  coal.  On  this  map  he  notes  that  there  are 
"heavy  beds  of  cannel  coal  back  in  the  bluffs,  some  200  to  300  feet  above 
the  Missouri,  on  both  sides  of  the  river."  In  the  introduction  to  his  great 
work,  Prof.  Owen  says:  "The  thickest  vein  of  coaltdetected  in  Iowa  does 
not  exceed  from  four  to  five  feet ;  while  in  Missouri  some  reach  the  thick- 
ness of  twenty  feet  and  upwards."  These  quotations  were  written  in 
1851,  just  thirty  years  ago,  and  were  based  purely  on  geological  observa- 
tions and  theories,  for  no  such  mines  had  then  been  worked.  Coal  beds 
of  such  thickness  do  not  appear  to  have  been  yet  found  in  Lafayette 
county;  but  the  "History  of  Saline  County,"  published  this  year  (1881), 
by  the  Missouri  Historical  Company,  says: 

Township  49  and  range  19,  lying  witlun  the  township  of  Arrow  Rock, 
contains,  perhaps,  the  richest  deposit  of  coal  in  the  county.  The  stratum 
of  bituminous  coal  in  this  section  varies  from  two  to  twenty  feet  in  thick- 
ness, of  the  very  finest  quality  of  coal,  and  is  interspersed  in  numerous 
places  with  huge  -pockets  of  cannel  coal  of  a  quality  equalling  the  famous 
cannel  coal  of  Kentucky.  These  pockets  often  present  a  face  of  from 
thirty  to  forty  feet  of  coal.  In  this  region  is  the  famous  cannel  coal  mine 
on  the  farm  of  the  late  Gov.  C.  F.  Jackson,  besides  numerous  others, 
nearly  all  of  them  of  great  thickness,  from  ten  to  thirty  feet — of  limited 
extent,  and  most  of  them  reposing  on  the  lower  carboniferous  rocks. 
South  of  Blackwater  there  is  much  the  same  coal  deposit  as  that  in  the 
region  just  described.  Cannel  pockets  are  also  here,  as  is  proved  by 
those  found  on  the  farm  of  the  late  C.  G.  Clark,  now  worked  by  Mr. 
Laner.  Coal  has  also  been  found  along  the  northern  edge  of  the  county 
near  Miami,  in  township  52,  ranges  19  and  21. 

From  Prof.  Owen's  work,  page  137,  we  again  quote:  "The  first  work- 
able bed  of  coal  which  I  encountered  in  my  descent  of  the  Missouri  river, 
was  at  Wellington.  It  is  from  twelve  to  fourteen  inches  thick,  and  lies  a 
few  feet  above  the  bed  of  the  river.  *  * .  The  bed  of  gray  limestone 
which  covers  the  principal  coal-seam  at  Wellington,  containing  choetetes 
capellaries  [a  species  of  fossil  coal  called  choetetes  milleporaceous  by  later 
writers],  occupies  the  same  relative  position  over  the  coal  at  Lexington, 
but  here  it  lies  at  a  greater  elevation  above  the  river — fifty  feet.  One  to 
two  miles  below  Lexington,  the  coal  and  chaetetes  limestone  are  seen  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  river,  forty-five  feet  above  the  water  level.  *  *  .  At 
the  bold  promontory  on  the  right  shore,  fourteen  miles  below  Lexington, 
heavy  beds  of  sandstone  from  fifteen  to. twenty  feet  in  thickness,  extend 
down  to  the  river." 

The  above  are  a  few  of  the  main  points  of  public  interest,  as  relates  to 
Lafayette  county,  which  were  developed  by  that  first  geological  survey, 
thirty  years  ago.     The  first  state  geologist  was  Professor  G.  C.  Swallow, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  231 

who  was  appointed  April  12,  1853.  He  published  annual  reports  of 
progress  in  1854,  1857,  1859  and  1861.  In  1870,  Albert  D.  Hazer  was 
appointed  state  geologist;  in  1871,  Raphael  Pumpelly  took  the  position, 
and  his  report  was  published  in  1873  by  Julius  Bien  of  New  York.  The 
most  useful  service  that  any  of  the  geological  surveys  has  rendered  to 
Lafayette  county  will  be  found  in  Prof.  Pumpelly's  work,  pages  40  to  59 ;  also, 
pages  136,  193,  421,  and  several  other  places  of  incidental  mention.  Those 
speciallv  interested  in  mining  coal  or  quarrying  stone  in  this  county  should 
study  that  work.  We  can  only  give  here  a  few  gleanings  of  popular 
interest. 

In  going  from  the  east  line  of  Lafayette  county  to  Lexington,  we  pass 
in  succession  from  the  lower  to  the  middle  coal  measures.  At  Henry 
Franke's  mine,  one  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Concordia,  or  about  two  miles 
from  the  eastern  and  three  miles  from  the  southern  county  line,  the  follow- 
ing geological  section  was  noted,  belonging  to  the  lower  coal  measures: 

KIND  OF  FORMATION.  FT.    IN. 

Earthly  slope,  bluff  or  loess 24  0 

Sandstone 2  0 

Pyritiferous  limestone 1  2 

Slate,  enclosing  pyritiferous  concretions 5  6 

Hard,  dull,  splintery,  semi-bituminous,  slaty  cannel  coal 0  3 

Bituminous  coal 1  8 

Slate  and  coal .  .    ; 0  2 

Fire  clay 2  6 

Clay  and  sandstones 0  0 

A  coarse,  generally  thick  bedded,  brown  or  burl'  sandstone,  filled  with 
small  particles  of  mica,  is  found  occupying  the  top  of  the  lower  coal 
series.  It  is  seen  near  Aullville,  on  Gen.  J.  O.  Shelby's  land.  The  next 
place  where  it  was  observed,  was  on  the  McCausland  farm,*  two  miles 
north  of  Higginsville.  On  this  farm  occur  outcrops  of  bituminous  sand- 
stone, and  borings  were  made  to  a  depth  of  800  feet  for  oil,  but  without 
success.     Prof.  Swallow  made  a  geological  section  on  this  farm  thus: 

Buff  and  brown  marls  and  clay 5  to  50  feet. 

Blue  and  brown  sandy  shales 10  to  50    " 

Bluish  gray  and  brown  sandstone,  the  oil  stone 20  to  50    " 

Blue  and  brown  sandy  shales 3  to  50    " 

This  oil  stone  on  the  McCausland  farm  is  usually  so  saturated  that  it 
shows  plainly  on  fresh  fracture,  and  will  burn  well  in  the  fire.  The  petro- 
leum is  found  as  solid  asphaltum,  breaking  with  a  shiny  fracture,  as  a 
dark,  viscid  fluid  like  tar,  and  as  thin  as  amber-colored  oil.  Prof.  Broad- 
head  says  of  this  oil  rock  that  he  regards  it  as  of  the  same  age  as  the 
Berlin  sandstone,  and  that  above  the  mouth  of  the  Tabo,  which  would  go 

*The  McCausland  farm  included  parts  of  sections  25  and  36,  township  50,  range  26,  and 
sections  30  and  31,  range  25. 


232  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

to  prove  that  there  is  a  northerly  dip  of  about  fifty  feet  in  nine  miles.  In 
its  northern  extension  this  lower  coal-measure  sandstone  crops  out  at  vari- 
ous points,  low  in  the  bluffs  on  the  Missouri  river,  from  the  east  line  of 
Lafayette  county  to  the  mouth  of  Tabo  creek.  The  Berlin  sandstone, 
and  that  of  the  McCausland  farm,  and  that  at  Warrensburg,  may  all  be 
considered  of  the  same  geological  age;  but  only  on  the  McCausland  farm 
was  it  observed  to  contain  petroleum. 

In  Prof.  Pumpelly's  volume  there  are  printed  at  least  twenty-seven  geo- 
logical sections  from  different  places  in  Lafayette  county.  We  only  aim 
to  give  such  information  as  may  be  of  interest  to  the  general  reader.  The 
geological  section  at  Franke's  coal  mines,  as  given  above,  was  taken  in 
1872,  and  represents  the  lower  coal  measures.  The  following  section  was 
obtained  in  June,  1881,  specially  for  this  History  of  Lafayette  County,  at 
the  air-shaft  of  the  Lexington  and  Kansas  City  Coal  Company's  works, 
about  a  mile  west  of  Lexington  City;  workmen  were  then  engaged  in 
sinking  the  air  shaft,  and  their  measurements  were  mainly  relied  upon. 
This  section  represents  the  upper  coal  measures,  and  its  coal  vein  is  by 
geologists  called  "  the  Lexington  coal "  wherever  the  same  vein  is  met 
with: 

kind  of  formation. 

Ft.  In. 
Slope,  loess  or  bluff  formation,  from  mouth  of  air-shaft  to  first  level 

of  bluff",  estimated  vertical 50     00 

Surface  soil  cut  through 2     00 

Loess 15    00 

Gravel —      8 

Coarse  brown  sand 2       6 

Shale  (what  the  miners  call  soapstone) ...    13     00 

Dark-blue  shell  rock 1       6 

Light-colored,  flinty  limestone,  with  occasional  small  shells,  and 

minglings  of  calc  spar 6       6 

Shell  marl,  with  nodules  of  chert 1       4 

Fire  clay ' 2     00 

Dark-blue  limestone,  with  shells  and  calc  spar  intermingled —       3 

Fire  clay  and  soapstone  (shale) 2     00 

Coarse,  arenaceous  limestone  (roof  of  mine) 6     00 

Slate 1       6 

Coal 1       8 

Gray  clay,  varying  from  6  inches  to  3  feet  in  thickness. 

In  1872  Prof.  G.  C.  Broadhead  was  assistant  state  geologist  under  Prof. 
Pumpelly,  and  examined  nineteen  different  coal  mines  then  being  worked 
in  Lafayette  county.  He  found  the  coal  two  feet  thick  at  Henry  Franke's 
mine,  half  a  mile  north  of  Concordia,  and  at  R.  G.  Tucker's  mine  at  Lex- 
ington; 23  inches  thick  in  mine  east  of  the  stone  bridge  at  Lexington,  and 
22  inches  in  Gen.  Graham's  mine  a  little  way  above  the  stone  bridge  up 
Graham's  branch.     It  was  21  inches  thick  at  the  Mulky  mines,  two  and  a 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  233 

half  miles  east  of  Aullville,  and  the  same  in  a  mine  west  of  the  Lexington 
ferry  landing.  It  was  17  inches  on  the  Little  Sniabar,  six  miles  south  of 
Lexington,  and  16  inches,  four  miles  below  Berlin.  Other  mines  are 
reported  at  5  inches  of  coal  (two  miles  east  of  Judge  Wood's  place),  6 
inches,  7  inches,  8  inches,  9  inches,  and  so  on,  but  none  higher  than 
24  inches.  The  writer  hereof  measured  a  vein  of  coal  23  inches 
thick,  with  a  clear  outcrop  in  the  bed  of  Rupe's  branch  about  two  miles 
back  from  the  Missouri  river,  and  only  30  or  40  feet  from  the  Lexington 
and  Gulf  railroad  bed  which  is  said  to  now  belong  to  the  Burlington  & 
Southwestern  railroad  company;  this  vein  will  furnish  the  railroad  a  good 
and  easily-worked  mine  at  the  lowest  possible  cost.  There  are  now  coal 
shafts,  or  mines  of  some  sort,  in  every  township  of  Lafayette  county. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Alexander  called  our  attention  to  a  fact  of  local  geological 
interest.  The  coal  and  other  formations  west  of  Rupe's  branch  lie  about 
twenty-five  feet  higher  than  the  corresponding  formations  on  the  east  side, 
which  shows  that  there  was  once  a  cortaclysm  or  great  fracture  of  the 
earth's  rocky  ribs  at  this  point,  and  one  side  of  the  gulfy  chasm  finally 
settled  lower  than  the  other.  [See  also  under  head  of  "  River  Surveys 
and  Soundings."] 

Two  petrified  stumps  were  found  in  Tabo  creek  where  the  road  from 
Lexington  to  Dover  crosses  it,  and  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Garr  has  them  at  his 
house,  which  is  the  first  one  east  of  the  bridge.  He  brought  a  large  frag- 
ment of  one  stump  to  the  Lexington  Intelligencer  office,  where  we 
examined  it.  This  fragment  was  13  inches  long  and  17  inches  in  diame- 
ter; its  top  fracture  showed  the  open,  heavy-pored,  succulent  structure 
that  characterized  the  watery  and  gigantic  weeds  (they  were  not  trees  at 
all,  in  the  present  sense  of  the  word)  which  formed  the  vegetation  of  the 
early  carboniferous  period.  The  wood  is  agatized,  and  some  of  the  great 
pore  cavities,  nearly  an  inch  square,  are  beautifully  bordered  with  head- 
ings of  chalcedony.  Mr.  Garr  said  the  other  specimens  were  similar  to 
this,  except  very  much  larger,  and  some  of  the  root  parts  still  remaining. 
Rev.  F.  R.  Gray,  three  or  four  miles  southwest  of  Higginsville,  section 
10,  township  49,  range  26,  also  has  a  petrified  stump,  about  four  feet 
around  at  its  base,  and  18  inches  high,  which  was  found  in  a  small  stream 
near  his  house  in  1861.     Some  other  fragments  were  found  in  the  vicinity. 

These  interesting  geological  specimens  were  originally  imbedded  in  the 
bluff  formation,  and  had  been  washed  out  and  fallen  to  the  bed  of  the 
•  creek  as  its  banks  kept  washing  down.  They  originally  grew  in  some 
region  far  to  the  northwest,  or  probably  in  Colorado,  where  whole  forests 
of  similar  petrifications  have  been  found;  and  these  fragments,  after  petri- 
faction, were  transported  by  masses  of  floating  ice  and  dropped  in  Lafay- 
ette county  while  the  great  Missouri  lake  was  being  filled  up  with  the 
sediment  which  now  forms  our  priceless  "  bluff"   formation.     [See  page 


234  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

80  of  this  history.]  Their  angles  are  not  rounded  or  worn,  like  boulders 
and  gravel,  and  this  fact  shows  that  they  were  not  brought  here  during 
the  glacial  epoch,  but  were  transported  gently  on  or  in  floating  ice,  and 
"  let  down  easy  "  as  the  bergs  of  ice  stranded  and  gradually  melted  away. 
The  following  article  was  prepared  by  Prof.  G.  C.  Swallow,  the  first 
and  most  eminent  state  geologist  of  Missouri,  specialty  for  this  work;  but 
was  not  received  until  the  foregoing  geological  matter  had  already  been 
prepared,  ready  for  the  printers. 

PROF.  SWALLOW'S  SKETCH. 

The  geological  formations  of  Lafayette  county  are  among  the  most 
interesting  and  useful  to  man.  It  is  to  these  formations  that  Lafayette 
owes  its  fair  fame  as  a  most  beautiful,  fertile  and  prosperous  country. 

GEOLOGICAL    FORMATIONS  IN  LAFAYETTE, 

In  order  from  the  surface  down,  are  as  follows: 

I.       QUATERNARY  SYSTEM. 

[1.     Recent  Alluvium. 
|  2.     Bottom  Prairie. 

PERIODS.    -    o  r>j    -or         T 

\  3.     Bluff or  Boess. 
I  4.     Drift, 

VII.       CARBONIFEROUS  SYSTEM. 

\  Lozver  Coal  Measures. 
'  |  Middle  Coal  Measures. 

1.  The  recent  alluvium  of  Lafayette  county  includes  the  soils  and  all 
the  recent  deposits  of  clays,  sands,  gravels  and  river  drift  of  pebbles  found 
in  the  river  bottoms  or  beds  of  lakes.  These  deposits  abound  in  the  beds 
of  the  stream  as  the  sand-bars  of  the  Missouri  and  the  mud,  gravel  and 
pebble  beds  of  the  smaller  streams,  and  in  the  stratified  sands  and  clays 
beneath  the  bottom  lands  of  the  principal  streams  of  the  county. 

2.  The  bottom  prairie  so  extensive  in  the  Missouri  bottom  in  Chariton, 
Carroll  and  Clay,  covers  but  small  areas  in  'Lafayette.  It  is  known  by 
the  many  thin  beds  of  sand,  clay  and  loam  interstratified  in  the  formations 
under  the  old  bottom  prairies.  These  beds  were  deposited  in  the  Mis- 
souri river  bottom,  when  that  stream  spread  its  sluggish  waters  from 
bluff  to  bluff",  filling  the  whole  valley  with  the  sediments  of  its  lake-like 
waters.  After  the  level  was  changed  so  as  to  give  a  rapid  current  to  the 
waters,  the  river  cut  its  channel  through  these  deposits  thus  made,  and 
has  been  wearing  them  away  ever  since  and  forming  the  newer  river  or 
alluvial  bottoms,  whose  surface  is  more  uneven  and  whose  deposits  of 
sand  are  more  irregular. 

BLUFF    OR    LOESS. 

3.  It  is  a  singular  fact,  that  while  the  bluff  is  older  than  the  alluvial 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  235 

bottoms  and  bottom  prairie,  it  lies  higher  on  the  bluffs  and  highlands  adja- 
cent to  the  river  valleys.  ^ 

The  bluff  which  underlies  the  soil  in  all  the  Highlands  of  the  county  con- 
sists of  a  sandy  marl  more  or  less  stratified  and  varying  in  thickness  from 
a  few  inches  to  more  than  one  hundred  feet.  This  vast  deposit  was  evi- 
dently formed  in  one  of  those  lakes  which  were  formed  as  the  ice  of  the 
glacial  period  melted  away.  This  lake  extended  over  northern  Missouri, 
eastern  Kansas,  and  southeastern  Nebraska  and  southwestern  Iowa.  * 
The  Missouri,  Sioux,  Platte  and  Kansas  rivers  flowed  in  this  lake  from 
the  north  and  west,  bringing  into  it  the  rich  marls  ground  out  of  the  rocks 
to  the  north  and  west  by  the  great  glaciers  of  the  drift  period.  These  bluff 
marls  constitute  the  rich  subsoils  of  all  the  uplands  of  Central  Missouri. 
The  marls  of  the  bluff  are  a  little  coarser  and  more  sandy  on  the  bluffs 
adiacent  to  the  rivers,  as  the  finer  materials  were  washed  out  by  the  sub- 
siding waters  of  the  streams  where  the  land  was  changed  and  the  lake 
drained  oft  and  the  rivers  became  more  and  more  rapid,  until  they  found 
their  present  condition. 

The  bluff  is  by  far  the  most  valuable  formation  in  the  Mississippi  val- 
ley.    It  is  a  vast  storehouse  of  plant  food,  agricultural  wealth. 

Organic  Remains.  The  fossils  of  the  bluff  are  very  numerous  and 
interesting. 

I  have  collected  from  it,  of  the  Mammalia,  two  teeth  of  the  Elephas 
•primigenius,  mastodon,  the  jaw  bone  of  the  Castor  fiber  Americana,  the 
molar  of  a  Ruminant,  and  the  incisor  of  a  Rodent;  of  the  Mollusca,  seventeen 
species  of  the  genus  Helix,  eight  Limnea,  eight  Physa,  three  Pufa,  four 
Planorbis,  six  Succinnca,  and  one  each  of  the  genera  Valvata,  Amnicola, 
Helicina,  and  Cyclas,  besides  some  others  not  determined. 

These  lacusstrine,  filuvialile,  amphibious  and  land  species  indicate  a 
deposit  formed  in  a  fresh-water  lake,  surrounded  by  land  and  fed  by  rivers. 
These  facts  carry  back  the  mind  to  a  time  when  a  large  portion  of  this 
great  valley  was  covered  by  a  vast  lake,  into  which,  from  the  surround- 
ing land,  flowed  various  rivers  and  smaller  streams.  We  see  the  waters 
peopled  with  numerous  mollusks,  the  industrious  beaver  building  his  hab- 
itation, the  nimble  squirrel,  the  fleet  deer,  the  sedate  elephant  and  huge 
mastodon,  lords  of  the  soil.  There  must  have  been  land  to  sustain  the 
elephant  and  mastodon  and  helices,  fresh  water  and  land  for  the  beaver, 
and  fresh  water  for  the  cyclas  and  limnea. 

Some  geologists  have  supposed  the  marls  back  from  the  river  which 
have  a  more  jointed  structure,  are  boulder  clay  and  belong  to  the  drift. 
This  opinion,  they  think,  is  confirmed  by  the  small  pebbles  sometimes 
found  in  these  marls;  but  these  pebbles  would  be  very  easily  carried  out 

*  See  page  80  for  further  explanation  of  this  matter.  Also,  page  70  for  Prof.  Swallow's 
scale  of  the  Missouri  rocks . — Historian  . 


236  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

into  the  lake  by  ice  floating  from  the  shores  or  from  the  many  rivers  flow- 
ing into  it.  a 

The  evidence  that  the  surface  marls  of  the  interior  belong  to  the  same 
formation  as  the  marls  on  the  river  bluffs,  is  shown  by  the  facts,  they  are 
continuous  with  the  river  bluff  marls,  they  contain  the  same  fossils,  and 
have  the  same  chemical  composition,  and  about  the  same  lithological 
characters.  When  both  have  been  exposed  to  the  weather,  no  one  can 
distinguish  them  by  the  lithological  characters. 

THE    DRIFT. 

The  drift  which  is  so  abundant  in  North  Missouri,  is  very  sparingly 
developed  on  the  south  side  of  the  Missouri  river.  Where  seen  in  Lafay- 
ette it  rests  immediately  on  the  consolidated  rocks  of  the  coal  measures, 
beneath  the  marls  of  the  bluff  just  described.  These  limited  deposits  con- 
sist of  sands  and  pebbles,  containing  some  small  boulders,  called  Lost 
Rocks. 

But  these  deposits  are  so  limited  as  to  be  of  little  economical  impor- 
tance. 

COAL    MEASURES. 

The  lower  and  middle  coal  measures  are  found  to  underlie  the  whole  of 
the  highlands  of  Lafayette  county.  These  rocks  are  limestones,  sand- 
stones, clays,  marls,  shales,  iron  and  coal  variously  interstratified. 

The  following  section  taken  at  Lexington  will  show  the  character  of 
the  middle  coal  measures  of  this  county: 

No.  1.— Bluff  marls. 

No.  2. — Five  feet  calcareous  gray  sandstone,  in  thin  ripple  marked 
strata. 

No.  3. — Thirty  feet  silico-argillaceous  shale.  This  is  also  exposed  at 
Owen's  landing. 

No.  4. — One  foot  bitumuous  shale. 

No.  5. — Eight  feet  purple,  blue  and  green  shale. 

No.  6. — One-half  foot,  bitumuous  coal. 

No.  7. — Six  feet,  blue  clay  and  marlite  full  of  fossils. 

No.  8. — Ten  feet,  indurated  brownish  sandstone  in  thick  beds. 

No.  9. — Six  feet,  purple,  blue  and  green  shales. 

No.  10. — Four  feet,  buff  and  gray  limestone. 

No.  11. — Five  feet,  bluish  green  shales. 

No.  12. — Eight  feet  blue  and  graytargillo-calcarous  sandstone. 

No.  13. — Twelve  feet,  blue,  green  and  yellow  shales  and  clays. 

No.  14. — Two  feet,  buff  slaty  limestone. 

No.  15. — Five  feet,  hard  gray  limestone. 

No.  16. —  Eight  feet,  blue  and  black  shale  and  marlite. 

No.  17. — One  and  one-half  feet,  bitumuous  shale. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  237 

No.  18. — Four  feet,  hard  blue  limestone. 

No.  19. — One  and  one-half  feet,  bitumuous  *hale. 

No.  20.— One  and  five-sixths  feet,  bitumuous* coal. 

No.  21. — Two  and  one-fourth  feet,  bitumuous  and  yellow  shale. 

No.  22. — Five  feet,  hard  gray  limestone. 

No.  23. — Nine  feet,  yellow  and  blue  shale. 

No.  24. — Sixteen  feet,  blue  and  purple  shale. 

No.  25. — Five  feet,  bitumuous  shale. 

No.  26.— One-half  foot,  coal. 

No.  27. — Six  feet,  blue  and  yellowish  argillaceous  shale. 

No.  28. — Four  feet,  hard  blue  limestone. 

No.  29. — Two  feet,  shale. 

No.  30. — Six  feet,  buff  and  gray  limestone. 

No.  31. — Twelve  feet,  bluish  gray  shale. 

No.  32.— Two-thirds  foot,  coal. 

No.  33. — Four  feet  blue  sandy  shale. 

No.  34. — Missouri  river  water. 

The  upper  coal  measures  overlie  these  middle  coal  measures  to  the 
west,  and  the  lower  coal  measures  underlie  them  below  Lexington. 

The  clays  and  shale  of  the  coal  measures  usually  make  a  poor  soil  as 
in  England  and  Pennsylvania,  but  in  Lafayette  county,  all  the  coal  rocks 
are  so  deeply  buried  beneath  the  bluff  marls,  they  have  very  little 
influence  on  the  soils. 

ECONOMICAL    GEOLOGY — SOIL. 

The  usual  process  of  forming  soils  on  the  suface  of  solid  rocks,  such  as 
the  surface  of  Missouri  was  before  the  clays,  gravel,  sands  and  soils  were 
placed  over  the  solid  rocks,  is  a  very  slow  process.  The  action  of  the 
winds,  the  rains,  and  the  frosts  would  slowly  decompose  the  rocks  into 
sand,  clay,  and  marls.  Plants  would  grow  on  these  clays  and  marls,  and 
animals  would  live  on  the  plants;  and  when  the  plants  and  animals  died 
they  would  make  up  the  necessary  organic  matter  and  thus  the  soil 
would  be  formed.  But  the  process  would  be  an  extremely  slow  one.  It 
would  take  a  thousand  years  to  form  a  foot  of  soil  by  this  process.  And 
when  the  solid  rock  is  so  near  the  surface,  the  soil  is  of  small  compara- 
tive value. 

Bui  if  some  vast  mill  of  the  gods  would  grind  up  the  rocks  to  the  depth 
of  some  fifty  or  one  hundred  feet  and  then  sort  out  the  finest  and  best 
material  and  place  it  on  top  to  the  depth  of  from  five  to  fifty  feet,  a  first  rate 
soil  would  be  formed  in  a  few  years,  since  all  the  mineral  elements  would 
be  provided  in  vast  abundance  and  in  the  best  possible  condition  to  receive 
the  decaying  plants  and  animals  to  complete  the  soil.  This  is  just  what 
has  been  done  for  central  and  northern  Missouri, 
c 


238 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


The  great  glaciers  which  swept  over  the  whole  of  North  America 
from  the  pole  to  our  latitude),  ground  up  the  rocks  and  left  the  material  to 
the  depth  of  from  a  few  irfcnes  to  more  than  a  thousand  feet.  A  lake 
was  then  formed  over  Missouri  xind  the  adjacent  parts  of  Iowa,  Nebraska, 
and  Kansas  and  the  rivers  washed  the  best  soil  material  out  of  the  ground- 
up  rocks  spread  over  the  regions  to  the  north  and  west  and  into  the  lakes, 
where  it  was  deposited  as  the  "bluffs,"  the  best  soil  material  in  the  world. 
Thus  Missouri  has  in  the  Bluff  the  best  soil  materials  of  the  rocks  in  all 
the  States  and  Territories  to  the  north  and  west  as  far  as  the  Rocky 
Mountains  and  the  Saskatchewan. 

PLANT  FOOD  IN    LAFAYETTE   SOILS. 

It  may  be  well  to  ask  attention  to  the  vast  amount  of  plant  food  in  the 
soils  of  Lafayette ;  but  more  particularly  to  the  amounts  found  in  the  sub 
soils  resting  upon  and  formed  out  of  the  rich  marls  of  the  bluff. 

To  show  at  a  glance  the  amount  of  plant  food  in  the  soil  itself,  and  then 
in  each  foot  of  depth  below  the  soil,  I  have  prepared  the  following  table, 
which  presents  an  average  of  all  the  varieties  of  soils  resting  on  the  bluff, 
from  the  richest  Hackberry  land  to  the  poorest  White  Oak,  and  the 
amount  for  each  foot  in  depth  for  the  first  three  feet  and  also  for  one  foot 
at  he  depth  of  twelve  feet  below  the  surface.  Other  portions  between  the 
third  and  twelfth  foot  and  below  are  equally  rich. 
Table  showing  the  amount  of  various  elements  of  plant  food  in  each  foot 

of  the  Lafayette  soils  resting  on  the  Bluff  as  all  the  upland  soils  do. 


1st.  foot, 


2d.  foot. 


3d.  foot. 


12th.  foot. 


Lime 

Magnesia 

Potash 

Soda 

Phosphoric  Acid 
Organic  Matter. , 
Sulphuric  Acid .  . 

Chlorine 

Carbonic  Acid. .  . 


19.166  1 

bs. 

13.329 

cc 

13.310 

cc 

7.157 

« 

12,868 

cc 

269.636 

cc 

3.180 

cc 

.405 

cc 

not  known. 

16,117  lbs. 

30.927    " 

32.234    " 

7.405    " 

11.157    " 

253.381    " 

2.990    " 

.429    " 

not  known 


29.494  lbs. 

18.184 

cc 

17.413 

cc 

11.343 

cc 

13.996 

cc 

142.310 

cc 

4.051 

cc 

.664 

cc 

not  known. 

26 .484  lbs. 

18.818    " 

40.420    " 

104.541    " 

1.491    " 

46.787    " 
not  known, 
not  known. 

44.605  lbs. 


This  table  shows  these  soils  as  rich  in  plant  food,  save  the  organic 
matter  at  a  depth  of  three  feet  as  they  are  at  the  surface,  even  a  little 
richer  in  phosphoric  acid,  soda,  potash,  chlorine,  and  sulphuric  acid.  At 
twelve  feet  below  the  surface  the  amount  of  plant  food  is  still  greater, 
except  in  organic  matter  and  phosphoric  acid. 

Farmers  usually  cultivate  less  than  one  foot  of  their  soils,  and  when  the 
plant  food  is  exhausted  they  use  fertilizers,  at  great  expense  of  money  and 
labor  to  supply  the  plant  food .     But  the  farmer  on  these  Missouri  soils, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  239 

when  the  surface  soil  is  exhausted,  has  an  abundance  of  the  best  fertil- 
izers in  his  subsoil;  and  instead  of  buying  fertilizers  and  spreading  them 
over  the  surface,  he  sets  his  plow  a  little  deeper  and  turns  them  up  from 
his  own  stores  in  the  subsoil.  And  when  the  plants  have  consumed  the 
supply  thus  obtained,  there  is  still  lower  down,  enough  of  the  same  costlv 
materials  to  replenish  his  soil  a  hundred  times;  for  it  goes  all  the  way  down 
to  depths  varying  from  10  to  200  feet,  all  about  equally  rich,  as  the  table 
shows  it  to  be  at  a  depth  of  twelve  feet. 

To  show  the  money  value  of  this  store  of  plant  food  in  the  subsoil  of 
all  these  lands,  we  may  reckon  the  commercial  value  of  the  phosphoric 
acid  for  a  single  foot  in  depth  on  one  acre.  The  second  foot  of  these  soils, 
that  is,  the  subsoil  from  the  depth  of  one  foot  to  two  feet,  in  every  acre 
contains  11,157  pounds  of  this  acid.  At  ten  cents  a  pound  this  would 
cost  $1,115.70.  The  next  foot  below,  that  is  from  two  to  three  feet  in 
depth,  contains  in  each  acre  13,996  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid,  which 
would  cost  $1399.60. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  two  feet  only  of  these  subsoils,  contain  on  each 
acre  as  much  phosphoric  acid  as  could  be  bought  in  commercial  fertilizers 
for  $2,515.30. 

The  soils  as  above  shown,  from  which  these  results  are  obtained,  were 
selected  as  representative  soils  from  the  lands  of  all  grades. 

If  we  should  calculate  the  commercial  value  of  the  other  fertilizers,  as 
potash,  soda,  sulphuric  acid,  chlorine,  and  organic  matter  found  in  the  sub- 
soils of  a  single  acre,  and  if  the  calculation  be  extended  to  a  depth  of  ten 
feet  or  one  hundred  feet,  the  result  would  be  somewhat  startling.  Such  a 
calculation  would  not  fall  far  short  of  a  demonstration  of  the  often  repeated 
assertion,  "  Our  Lafayette  soils  are  inexhaustible." 

NATURAL  HISTORY — NATIVE  TREES    AND  SHRUBS — TREES. 

Ash. — White  ash,  blue  ash,  black  ash,  prickly  ash. 

Coffee  bean  tree. 

Cottonwood — a  species  of  poplar. 

Crab-apple. 

Elm — White  elm,  and  red  or  slippery  elm. 

Dogvjood — 

Hackberry. 

Hickory — Thin  and  thick  shell-bark  hickory,  bull-nut  hickory,  pignut 
hickory,  pecan  nut  hickory. 

Ironzvood. 

Locust — Honey  locust. 

Linden — or  basswood;  sometimes  called  white  wood. 

Mulberry. 

Maple — white  or  soft  maple,  hard  or  sugar  maple,  ash-leaved  maple  or 
box-elder. 


240  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Oak — White  oak,  burr  oak,  post  oak,  rock  or  chestnut  oak,  black  oak, 
pin  oak,  laurel  oak,  chinquepin  oak,  poison  oak. 
Persimmon. 
Sycamore — or  buttonwood. 

Walnut — Black  walnut,  and  white  walnut  or  butternut. 

Wild  cherry — Black  and  red  varieties. 

Willow. 

Shrubs — Blackberry,  buttonbush,  coralberry,  elderberry,  gooseberry, 
greenbriar,  hawthorn,  black  haw,  raspberry,  red  bud,  paw-paw,  hazel-nut^ 
wild  plum,  sumach,  wahoo  or  staff  tree,  laurel  bush,  wild,  black,  or  Mis- 
souri currant,  wild  roses,  serviceberry. 

Vines — Honeysuckle,  wild  grapes,  woodbine. 

NATIVE    ANIMARS. 

Bear,  beaver,  buffalo,  catamount,  chipmunk,  coyote,  deer,  dear  mouse, 
elk,  fox  (gray  and  red)  gopher,  ground  mole,  groundhog,  mink,  muskrat, 
otter,  opossum,  panther,  prairie  dog,  prairie  mouse,  pouched  rat  (com- 
monly called  pocket  gopher),  rabbit,  jack  rabbit,  raccoon,  skunk,  squirrel, 
red  gray  and  black  varieties,  swift,  weasel,  (wolf  prairie  and  gray  and 
black  varieties),  wild  cat. 

Birds. — Wild  turkey,  grouse  or  prairie  chicken,  wild  goose,  swan,  peli- 
can, wild  ducks  (many  varieties),  snipe,  plover,  pigeon,  partridge,  gray 
and  bald  eagle,  raven,  crow,  turkey  buzzard,  owl,  hawk,  finch,  mocking 
bird,  blue  jay,  kingfisher,  gull,  robin,  bluebird,  blackbird,  bobolink,  wood- 
pecker, oriole,  sapsucker,  night  hawk,  whipporwill,  curlew,  sandhill  crane, 
blue  heron,  swallow,  wren.  These,  some  of  which  have  several  varieties, 
are  the  more  common  species  of  birds  that  have  been  found  here  ever 
since  white  men  first  knew  the  country. 

The  black  "  Missouri  honey  bee  "  is  an  original  native. 

MASTODONS   IN    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

Several  years  ago  Mrs.  W.  H.  Bowen  found  a  monster  tooth  in  Gra- 
ham's branch,  nearly  under  the  bridge  of  the  old  Lexington  and  gulf  rail- 
road grade,  where  Graham's  branch  puts  into  Rupe's  branch.  Mrs. 
Bowen  submitted  the  specimen  to  Dr.  Alexander,  and  he  pronounced  it  a 
genuine  mastodon  tooth.  Master  Frank  Lamborn,  the  "  printer's  devil,'* 
of  the  Lexington  Intelligencer office,  also  has  a  mastodon  tooth  which  was 
found  in  Graham's  branch.  And  "  thereby  hangs  a  tale."  Graham's 
branch,  flowing  westward  along  the  southern  border  of  the  city  of  Lex- 
ington, is  supplied  with  water  mostly  from  an  immense  spring  (the  Masto- 
don spring),  which  flows  out  of  the  ironated  sandbed  underlying  the  bluff 
formation  in  all  this  region.  At  the  point  where  this  spring  flows  out, 
and  for,  perhaps,  a  hundred  feet  along  down  the  stream,  its  bed  and  mar- 
gin are  miry,  or  composed  of  quicksand — very  treacherous  to  tread  upon. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  241 

The  supposition  is  that  in  the  ancient  time,  a  mastodon'  strolled  along  up 
this  branch  to  cool  and  refresh  himself  with  its  perennial  waters,  but  ven- 
turing too  far,  got  mired  in  the  quicksand,  so  that  he  could  not  extricate 
himself,  and  so  died  there.  The  conditions  there  were  not  favorable  to  a 
long  preservation  of  his  bones,  and  they  long  since  dissolved  away,  but 
the  teeth  above  mentioned  remained  to  tell  the  story  of  the  "Mastodon 
spring,"  and  its  prehistoric  tragedy,  at  the  city  of  Lexington. 

RATS. 

In  1877  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  county  for  the  appointment  of 
a  time  for  the  people  of  Lafayette  county  to  make  a  special  and  united 
effort  for  the  extermination  of  the  rat  pests.  The  court  appointed  Thurs- 
day, Friday  and  Saturday,  December  27,  28,  29;  and  it  will  never  be 
know  how  many  thousands  of  rats  went  to  hades  on  those  days. 

In  the  Lexington  Register  of  December  23,  1869,  we  find  the  following: 
"  Mr.  Robert  Pucket,  living  in  Old  Town  had  been  for  some  days  both- 
ered with  an  animal,  in  many  things  resembling  a  rat.  He  used  every 
means  at  hand  to  capture  it,  but  was  unsuccessful.  He  then  laid  poison 
for  it.  Two  or  there  days  afterwards,  he  was  removing  a  hearth  in  his 
house,  and  found  his  strange  visitor  dead.  It  proved  to  be  a  double  rat. 
It  has  two  well  formed  heads,  a  large  eye  and  a  small  one  in  each  head, 
four  ears,  eight  legs  and  two  tails.  Mr.  P.  has  it  on  exhibition  at  his  shop. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  singular  lusus  naturae  had  not  been  captured 
alive. " 

LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  FISH  STORY. 

In  1868  a  blue  catfish,  which  weighed  206  pounds,  was  caught  with  a 
hand  line,  near  the  mouth  of  Tabo  creek,  by  Jesse  Hamlet.  In  1869 
Joseph  Utt  caught  one,  in  a  net,  near  the  mouth  of  Willow  creek,  oppo- 
site Lexington,  which  weighed  218  pounds;  and  up  to  this  time  that  was 
the  biggest  fish  ever  caught  within  the  bounds  of  Lafayette  county.  In 
1876,  Charles  Silver,  a  colored  man,  caught  a  channel  catfish,  with  a  hand 
line,  right  at  Lexington  wharf,  that  weighed  176  pounds.  Many  other 
"whoppers"  were  caught  at  different  times,  but  the  above  three  are  the 
only  ones  reported  as  having  been  accurately  weighed  at  the  time. 

Mr.  Joseph  Utt,  of  Lexington,  followed  fishing  here  for  fifteen  years, 
and  is  probably  the  best  posted  on  the  fish  question  of  any  man  in  the 
county.  From  him  we  obtain  the  following  complete  list  of  all  the  kinds 
of  fishes  found  in  these  waters: 

Blue  catfish,  crescent-tailed  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  and  twenty-five 
pounds  weight. 

Channel  catfish,  dirty  white  color,  fork-tailed,  thirty  to  fifty  pounds. 

Yellow  or  mud-catfish,  extra  big  head,  with  tail  nearly  square,  weigh 
from  five  to  one  hundred  pounds. 


242  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Black  catfish,  five  to  twenty-five  pounds. 

Pone-head  or  bank  catfish,  head  narrow  but  deep;  fish  weigh  from  five 
to  fifteen  or  eighteen  pounds. 

Speckled  catfish,  fork-tail,  small  fish. 

Bullheads,  small  fish. 

Spoonbill  catfish,  long,  shovel  nose — not  eatable. 

Channel  buffalo  fish,  sucker-mouthed,  ten  to  forty  pounds. 

Round  buffalo,  sucker-mouthed,  ten  to  forty  pounds. 

Perch-mouthed  buffalo. 

Red  carp,  sucker-mouthed. 

Drumfish,  perch  mouth,  a  game  fish,  good  biter,  etc. 

Jack  salmon,  six  to  eight  pounds. 

Gar  fish,  long  jaws  with  sharp  teeth;  this  fish  is  not  eatable,  and  is  very 
destructive  to  smaller  fish. 

Shovel  fish — not  eatable. 

Alewives,  small  fish,  common  in  the  spring-time. 

Red  horse,  log  perch,  black  bass,  croppie,  chubs,  silversides,  and  min- 
nows. 

Occasionally  sunfish  and  pike  are  caught,  but  they  are  supposed  to  be 
estrays,  and  not  native  to  these  waters. 


SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES. 

SCHOOL  HISTORY  OF  LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

In  1817,  a  settlement  was  formed  a  few  miles  west  of  where  the  town 
of  Waverly  now  stands,  by  Littleberry  Estes,  John  Evans,  a  Mr.  Hyde,  a 
Mr.  Russell,  and  a  few  others,  whose  names  are  not  known.  They  were 
mostly  from  Madison  county,  Kentucky.  What  is  claimed  to  be  the  first 
school  ever  opened  within  the  bounds  of  Lafayette  county,  was  started  in 
this  settlement,  in  the  winter  of  1819-20,  by  a  son  of  Mr.  Estes.  Miss 
Susannah  Estes,  a  sister  of  this  first  and  youthful  schoolmaster,  afterwards 
married  William  Fristoe,  who  was,  for  about  forty  years,  a  well-known 
citizen  of  the  county.  In  1822-3,  this  school  was  taught  by  Edward 
Ryland,  a  brother  of  the  elder  Judge  Ryland,  who  was  afterward  appointed 
circuit  judge  for  eighteen,  and  supreme  judge  for  eight  years. 

But  now  comes  John  Catron,  Esq.,  and  says  the  first  school  in  the 
county  was  taught  by  Benjamin  Gooch,  in  1820,*  in  what  was  called  the 
Bedwell  school-house,  on  the  premises  of  the  late  Washington  Johnson, 
about  two  miles  east  of  Lexington,  on  the  Dover  road.    Joseph   Farrar 

*As  near  as  we  can  make  out  from  all  reports,  the  fact  seems  to  be,  that  young  Estes 
started  a  little  private  school  on  his  own  venture,  in  the  fall  of  1819 :  and  Mr.  Gooch's  school 
was  a  more  public  affair,  started  the  next  fall. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  243 

taught  at  the  same  place,  in  1822.  In  1823-4,  John  Drummond  taught  a 
school  about  a  mile  further  east,  on  the  same  road,  about  where  John 
McFaddin  now  lives.  James  Warren  taught  in  John  Catron's  neighbor- 
hood, in  1822.  James  Fletcher  taught  a  three  months'  school,  in  1823,  at 
his  own  house,  where  Col.  Joseph  Davis  now  lives.  Col.  John  Stapp, 
afterward  county  judge,  taught,  in  1828-9,  at  the  Swift  school-house,  near 
where  Mr.  Ford  now  lives.  James  Francis  taught  in  or  near  old  Lexing- 
ington,  in  1829-30.  Dr.  A.  T.  Buck  taught  the  first  grammar  school  in 
the  county,  using  the  old  log  court  house  in  Lexington  for  a  school-room. 
Judge  James  Pearson  taught  in  the  Warder  neighborhood  one  or  two 
years  prior  to  1830;  and  a  Mr.  White  taught  there  in  1835.*  William 
Spratt  taught,  in  1833,  about  four  miles  east  of  Lexington,  in  the  Catron 
settlement — in  a  house  built  by  the  father  of  George  M.  Catron,  Esq.,  who 
has  been  county  superintendent  or  commissioner  of  schools  for  about  ten 
years  past. 

The  school-houses  at  this  time  were  rude  log  cabins  with  dirt  floors, 
and  seats  made  of  slabs  with  pegs  stuck  in  them  for  legs.  They  were 
"subscription  schools,'"  the  teacher  being  paid  $1  per  month  for  each 
pupil,  and  boarding  around  among  them.  It  was  purely  a  private  enter- 
prise, the  teacher  taking  the  risk  of  getting  enough  to  pay  him  for  his 
time;  but  the  community  at  large  generally  provided  the  school-house, 
which  was  also  used  for  Sunday  preaching  and  other  public  meetings  of 
the  neighborhood.  Each  new  settlement  or  cluster  of  families  would  soon 
have  a  school  after  this  fashion,  and  no  particular  improvement  was  made 
for  fifteen  or  twenty  years;  the  only  branches  taught  were  reading,  spell- 
ing, arithmetic,  and  writing  with  a  goosequill  pen,  and  often  pokeberry 
juice  for  ink;  occasionally  a  little  grammar  was  added.  But  in  1836  we 
find  at  Dover  a  school  which  had  risen  to  the  dignity  of  having  a  punch- 
eon floor  in  its  log  house,  and  was  in  other  respects  quite  ahead  of  the 
other  schools  in  the  county — hence  it  was  known  as  the  "Dover  Acad- 
emy." It  was  at  this  time  taught  by  John  A.  Tutt,  a  cousin  to  Judge 
Tutt,  now  of  Lexington.  Mr.  Tutt's  school  was  so  large  that  he  had  to 
have  an  assistant;  and  in  addition  to  the  common  branches  he  also  taught 
grammar,  geography,  natural  philosophy,  geometry  and  trigonome- 
try. The  pupils  paid  $1  per  month  for  the  "common  branches," 
and  $1.25  or  $1.50,  according  to  what  "higher  branches"  they  studied. 
Dr.  Gordon  (now  of  Lexington),  attended  this  school  in  the  winter  of 
1837-38,  and  the  next  year  was  an  assistant  in  the  same  school,  while  also 
a  student. 

May  2,  1838,  John  Aull,  of  Lexington,  made  his  will,  which  was  wit- 
nessed by  Young  Ewing  and  Wm.  Ward.      Mr.  Aull  died  in  February, 

*For  these  particulars  about  the  first  schools  in  the  county  we  are  indebted  to  Wm .  H. 
Chiles,  Esq.,  John  Catron,  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Gordon,  aad  Rev.  Joseph  Warder. 


244 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


1842;  and  on  the  22d  of  the  same  month  his  will  was  filed  for  record  in 
the  probate  court.  It  contained  the  following  bequest  for  school  pur- 
poses: 

"  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  in  trust  to  the  county  court  of  Lafayette 
county,  in  the  state  of  Missouri,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  to  be 
loaned  out  by  said  court  on  real  estate  security,  of  ample  value  and  free 
from  all  incumbrance,  and  at  the  highest  legal  interest,  to  be  continued  at 
interest  perpetually — and  the.  interest  accruing  therefrom  to  be  applied 
under  the  direction  of  said  court  to  pay  the  tuition  or  education  of  orphan 
or  poor  children  under  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  at  or  within  two  miles  of 
the  county  seat  of  said  county." 

He  also  gave  a  similar  amount  for  the  same  object  and  under  the  same 
conditions,  to  each  of  the  counties  of  Ray,  Clay  and  Jackson.  James  and 
Robert  Aull,  of  Lexington,  and  Samuel  C.  Owens,  of  Jackson  county, 
were  the  executors  of  this  will. 

The  above  explains  the  "Aull  fund"  which  has  so  mysteriously 
appeared  as  a  special  item  in  the  annual  school  reports  for  some  years 
past,  the  county  court  having  placed  it  with  the  public  school  resources. 

We  could  not  find  in  Lexington  the  first  annual  report  of  county  super- 
intendent, as  his  returns  are  made  directly  to  the  state  superintendent; 
but  on  applying  to  the  latter  officer  we  received  promptly  the  following 
reply,  dated  Jefferson  City,  Aug.  1,  1881 :  "The  records  of  this  office 
show  the  first  annual  school  report  of  your  county  to  have  been  made  by 
J.  L.  Minor,  in  January,  1842.     Copy  enclosed." 

FIRST   APPORTIONMENT    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY,    MO.,  JANUARY,    1842. 


Township 

and 

Range. 

No.  of 
Districts. 

No.  Mos. 

and    days 

School   tag't. 

Amount 

paid 
Teachers. 

Amt  present 
Appor- 
tionment. 

No. 
Children 
Tauuht. 

No.  Child'n 

bet  6  and  18 

years. 

Town  50  R  26... 

No.   1. 

No.  2.. 
No.   3. . 

7  mo 

9  mo..  . . 

$119.00 
96.00 

$28.20 
24.00 

43 

20 

47 
40 

26 

Township  48 

Jackson 
Wash'tn 
Teffers'-n. 
No.    1.. 
No.    1.. 

6  mo..  . . 
6  mo. .  .  . 
6  mo..  . . 

6mo7d 
5  mo24d 

165.00 

150.00 

84.00 

150.00 

41.40 

31.80 
19.80 
30.60 

22.S0 

43 

33 
17 
30 
35 

69 
53 
33 

Town  49  R  24... 
Town  51  R  24.  . . 

51 

38 

These  were  the  only  districts  that  sent  in  reports,  although  it  is  known 
that  there  were  many  other  school  districts  then  in  the  county. 

The  first  printed  annual  report  of  the  state  superintendent  that  we  suc- 
ceeded in  finding  was  that  of  1870 — printed  in  1871.  From  the  tabulated 
returns  from  Lafayette  county  as  given  in  that  report  we  compile  the  fol- 
lowing statistics:  Total  number  of  subdistricts,  82;  total  number  of  school 
houses,  76 — 6  brick,  63  frame,  7  log;  8  new  frame  school  houses  had  been 
built  during  the  year.  Total  number  of  white  school  children,  7,388; 
colored  children,  1,286;  total,  8,674.     Total  number  in  schools,  4,574.     Of 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  245 

this  last  number  601  were  in  private  schools,  the  balance  in  the  public 
schools.  The  average  number  of  months  taught  was  5.  Total  number 
of  teachers,  male  64,  female  30;  1st  grade  certificate  32,  2d  grade  62; 
average  wages  per  month,  male  $55.11, — female  $39.28.  Estimated  total 
value  of  school  houses  and  grounds  $58,278;  furniture  and  apparatus, 
$4,175.  At  this  time  the  school-age  enrollment  was  between  5  and  21 
years;  and  the  total  in  the  state  was  690,250. 

For  some  years  the  state  school  law  required  Teachers'  Institutes  to  be 
held  periodically,  and  made  some  provision  for  the  necessary  expense 
attending  them,  besides  allowing  teachers  engaged  in  school  their  wages 
while  attending  the  institute. 

The  first  Teachers'  Institute  ever  held  in  Lafayette  county  was  at  Lex- 
ington, in  the  old  Masonic  College,  June  13th,  1867.  The  only  names 
mentioned  as  taking  part  in  itare  G.  K.  Smith, county  superintendent;  Dr. 
D.  K.  Murphy,  A.  Slaughter,  and  A.  M.  Clay.  The  next  Institute  was 
appointed  to  be  held  at  the  public  school  house  in  Lexington,  August  10, 
1867;  and  others  were  held  at  the  same  place  in  succeeding  years. 

In  November,  1873,  one  was  held  at  Aullville,  conducted  by  Prof.  Bald- 
win, principal  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Warrensburg,  who  eight 
years  afterwards  told  our  present  county  school  commissioner,  Geo.  M. 
Catron,  Esq.,  that  that  Aullville  Institute  was  the  best  Teachers'  Institute 
he  ever  attended.  We  therefore  make  it  a  historic  waymark  in  this 
sketch  of  our  county's  school  progress.  The  executive  committee  were 
G.  M.  Catron,  W.  F.  Bahlmann,  L.  B.  Wright.  Prof.  Baldwin,  conduc- 
tor. The  Institute  continued  from  Monday  morning,  Nov.  24,  till  Satur- 
day night,  with  from  21  to  27  separate  exercises  each  day.  We  could  not 
learn  how  many  were  in  attendance,  but  found  the  following  names  of 
teachers  who  took  leading  parts  in  the  exercises,  to  wit.:  Miss  Gussie 
Clowdsley,  Miss  Mattie  Wallace;  Messrs.  Taylor  Winn,  J.  G.  Worthing- 
ton,  N.  T.  Moore,  F.  Thornton;  Miss  Ella  Shaw,  Miss  Aurelia  Miller, 
Miss  Lucy  W.  McFarland;  Messrs.  Samuel  M'Reynolds,  J.  M.  Bediechek, 

P.   A.  Fisher, Keating;   Miss   Bettie   Arnold,  Miss    Lizzie  Talley; 

Messrs.  W.  L.  Robinson,  J.  B.  Jones,  W.  E.  Clark,  C.  O.  Smith,  W.  T. 
Doyle;  Miss  W.  J.  Finley;  Messrs.  W.  F.  Bahlmann,  Rudolph  Erbschloe, 
J.  F.  Conner,  C.  F.  Johnston,  T.  W.  Carmichael,  Miss  Nannie  Shaw,  Miss 
M.  F.  Carpenter;  Messrs.  D.  H.  Hill,  G.  K.  Smith,  Alex.  Graves,  M.  L. 
DeMotte,  J.  B.  Merwin,  G.  W.  Thornton,  Rev.  L.  Bedsworth;  Miss 
Bettie  Drysdale,  Miss  Celia  Rice,  Miss  Anna  Rees,  Miss  Mary  B.  Mad- 
dox;  Messrs.  C.  H.  Lacey,  L.  G.  Manypenny,  W.  Brown,  Edgar  Flem- 
ing, Lucian  B.  Wright,  Hon.  John  Monteith,  state  superintendent;  Miss 
Maggie  Smith,  Miss  Sallie  B.  Smiih,  Miss  Fannie  Burke,  Miss  Allie 
Jones;  Messrs.  James  Cather,  Wm.  Allison,  J.  A.  Lee,  W.  H.Carter, 
Bates,  J.  D.  Conner. 


246  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

The  teachers  entered  into  the  work  with  a  zeal  and  enthusiasm  which 
made  this  meeting,  which  was  the  largest  one  ever  held  in  the  county,  also 
the  most  brilliant. 

In  November,  1874,  another  institute  was  held,  under  the  same  execu- 
tive committee  and  the  same  conductor,  Prof.  Baldwin,  at  the  village  of 
Dover.  But  meanwhile  the  public  provision  for  expenses  had  been  abol- 
ished; the  teachers  had  not  only  to  do  the  work  but  also  to  pay  the 
expenses;  and  the  good  people  of  Dover  were  generous  in  providing  free 
entertainment  for  those  who  attended.  From  this  time  forward  the  county 
institutes  rapidly  declined  and  soon  went  out  altogether — and  for  several 
years  past  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  hold  them.  School  teachers  can- 
not afford  to  hold  them  at  their  own  private  cost. 

SCHOOL  STATISTICS  OF  THE  COUNTY,  1881. 

From  Mr.  Catron's  last  annual  report  made  to  the  State  superintendent 
July  1,  1881,  we  compile  the  following  statistics: 

Male.      Female.    Total. 

White  children  of  school  age*  in  the  county 3,769     3,496     7,265 

Colored  "  "  "  782        761     1,543 

Number  of  white  children  in  public  schools 2,476     2,168     4,639 

colored        "  "  377       442        819 

Total  number  of  school  houses  in  the  county,  106;  houses  rented  for 
school  uses,  3 ;  value  of  school  property,  $50,660 ;  No.  of  white  schools  in 
operation,  90;  ditto  colored,  19;  No.  of  teachers  employed  during  the 
year — male,  63;  female,  85.  Average  of  salaries  per  month — male, 
$39.97|;  female,  $31,27.  Total  of  teachers'  wages  during  the  year,  $27,- 
740.74.  Average  cost  per  day  of  tuition  for  each  pupil,  8  cents.  Fuel 
during  the  year  cost  $1,326.21.  Total  assessed  valuation  of  the  county, 
$7,426,240;  rate  per  cent,  levied  for  school  purposes,  33  cents  on  $100. 

THE   AULL    SCHOOL    FUND. 

The  last  will  and  testament  of  John  Aull,  of  Lexington,  was  admitted 
to  probate  February  22,  1842,  and  contained  special  bequests  amounting 
in  all  to  $62,000.  Among  the  special  bequests  occurs  the  following:  "I 
give,  devise  and  bequeath  in  trust  to  the  county  court  ot  Lafayette  county, 
in  the  State  of  Missouri,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  to  be  loaned  out 
by  said  court  on  real  estate  security  of  ample  value  and  free  from  all 
incumbrances,  and  at  the  highest  legal  interest,  to  be  continued  at  interest 
perpetually — and  the  interest  accruing  therefrom  to  be  applied  under  the 
direction  of  said  court  to  pay  the  tuition  or  education  of  orphan  or  poor 
children  under  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  at  or  within  two  miles  of  the 
couuty  seat  of  said  county."  (The  same  amount,  under  the  same  condi- 
tions, was  bequeathed  to  each  of  the' counties  of  Ray,  Clay  and  Jackson.) 

♦Between  the  ages  ot  six  and  twenty  years. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  247 

This  bequest  was  received  by  the  court,  placed  among  the  county's  vari- 
ous funds,  and  remains  intact  to  this  very  day.  The  interest  goes  annually 
into  the  public  school  fund  of  the  city  of  Lexington. 

COUNTY  CONVENTION  OF  SCHOOL    DISTRICT  PRESIDENTS. 

January  5,  1875,  a  convention  of  presidents  of  school  districts  was  held 
at  Lexington.  The  following  list  of  that  convention  will  serve  to  show 
the  school  system  of  the  county: 

Sub-  Sub- 

R.  President.  dist.  Twp.      K.  President. 

24 George  P.  Gordon     5     48     24 Otto  Walkenhorst 

24 Jacob  Newland     Aullville Wm.  Downing 

27 Wm.  Pearcy     2     48     25 Jacob  Taggart 

27 Eli  Adams     Mayview John  P.  Herr 

25 George  Liese     2     45     24 Henry  Oeting 

25 H.  L.  Grooms     2     51     25 L.G.Buford 

27 Dr.  S.  Smith     Lexington H.  J.  E.  Ahrens 

26 John  Page     1     50     26 David  Groves 

27 Moses  Anson     5  48-49  26 S.  L.  Smith 

25 A.  K.  Sittington     2     50     29 H.  H.  Westmeyer 

25 R.  Kountz     3     49     25 D.H.Hill 

28 John  E.  Arnold  Lafayette  countv..Geo.  M.  Catron 

28 R.T.Russell     6     49     27 " C.  L.  Ewing 

28 Mat.  Wood     3     50     24 T.A.Catron 

28 J.  B.  McDonald     4     49     26 Seth  Mason 

27 Thos.  Jones     4     51     28 J.  W.  Burton 

28 Isaac  Varner     4     50     27 D.J.Morgan 

26 Ferd.  Smith     Higginsville H.  G.  Smith 

24 C.  Reisterer     2     49     26 A.  W.  Douthitt 

24 H.  A.  Bringater     1     51     24 John  Chrisman 

25 H.  Haeffer     3     49     28 H.  S.  Kincaid 

25 John  Yokely     1     49     27 H.  C.  Chiles 

24 Fritz  Everets     4     49     29 M.  Strader 

The  following  committee  was  appointed  to  select  a  list  of  school  books 
for  use  in  this  county: 

Clay  township,  J.  B.  McDonald;  Dover  township,  D.  Groves,  Prof. 
Carter;  Davis  township,  G.  P.  Gordon;  Freedom  township,  H.  Reisterer; 
Lexington,  H.J.  E.  Ahrens;  Middleton  township,  C.  C.  Catron;  Sniabar 
township,  R.  T.Russell;  Washington  township,  C.  L.  Ewing;  county  at 
large,  George  M.  Catron. 

"  COTTONWOOD  ACADEMY." 

Wm.  Houx  relates  the  following:  In  the  forepart  of  the  winter  of  1838, 
George  Houx  and  his  brother  Wm.  Houx,  originated  the  idea  of  estab- 
lishing a  high  school.  William  Houx  hewed  cottonwood  logs  on  an 
island  in  the  river  above  Lexington,  and  floated  them  down  to  the  town, 
and  the  same  year  erected  a  log  house,  18ft  by  20ft.  He  got  the  boards 
to  cover  the  house  from  a  large  white  oak  tree  that  stood  near  where  the 


list 

Twp 

1 

49 

4 

50 

6 

50 

5 

49 

4 

50 

2 

49 

1 

50 

1 

50 

4 

49 

4 

49 

1 

51 

3 

5»> 

1 

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248  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Baptist  church  now  stands,  corner  of  North  and  Poplar  streets.  This 
was  the  beginning  of  the  high  schools  in  Lafayette  county.  A  number 
of  ladies  were  principally  educated  here,  who  afterward  became  wives  of 
prominent  men  of  the  state.  The  Messrs.  Houx  secured  the  services  of 
Mrs.  David  Hogan,  of  Pettis  county,  to  come  and  take  charge  of  the 
school.  The  school  continued  in  a  flourishing  condition  for  several  years. 
The  Messrs.  Houx  after  a  number  of  years,  gave  their  interest  to  Rev. 
Robert  Morrow.  Mr.  George  Houx  was  the  leader  in  this  enterprise, 
and  furnished  all  the  means. 

THE    OLD    MASONIC    COLLEGE. 

It  has  been  extremely  difficult  to  get  any  data  for  a  sketch  of  the  early 
days  of  this  historic  institution,  although  some  of  its  graduates  have  won 
honorable  celebrity  in  their  several  spheres  of  life.  We  first  interviewed 
five  or  six  different  men  in  Lexington  who  were  supposed  to  know  all 
about  it,  but  we  were  always  referred  to  some  one  else.  We  then  wrote 
to  Rev.  Dr.  Vincil,  and  here  is  his  reply: 

Office  of  Grand  Secretary,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  ) 

State  of  Missouri,      > 
St.  Louis,  July  18,  1881.  ) 

Dear  Sir: — I  know  nothing  of  any  records  concerning  Masonic  col- 
lege.    I  can  furnish  no  data. 

Respectfully, 

John  D.  Vincil. 

We  then  wrote  to  Judge  Wm.  T.  Wood,  at  Kansas  City,  and  here  is  his 
reply: 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  July  29,  1881. 

*  *  *  I  had  full  knowledge,  but  most  strangely,  I  fail  to  remem- 
ber those  facts  so  as  to  answer  your  purpose.  I  have  no  papers  or  mem- 
orandum to  which  I  can  refer  to  assist  me.  *  *  *  Everything  was 
written  down,  and  all  papers  and  records  were  kept  by  Dr.  Boulware, 
since  deceased.  *  *  *  I  think  it  probable  that  his  widow,  Mrs. 
Boulware,  still  residing  in  Lexington,  has  preserved  them,  and  if  so,  I  am 
sure  it  will  give  her  pleasure  to  give  you  full  access." 

Thereupon  we  interviewed  Mrs.  Boulware,  who  said  she  had  given  all 
her  husband's  papers  to  Dr.  Chapman,  administrator  of  the  estate,  and  to 
Zenophon  Ryland,  Esq.  We  sought  Dr.  Chapman,  and  he  said  no 
Masonic  records  or  papers  had  come  into  his  hands;  then  we  found  Mr* 
Ryland — and  he  did  not  remember  about  it,  but  said  if  he  did  receive  any 
he  sent  them  to  the  grand  secretary,  as  the  college  was  entirely  under  the 
control  of  the  grand  lodge.  But  really  he  did  not  think  Dr.  Boulware 
ever  had  any  records  of  the  college;  he  was  secretary  of  the  Masonic 
lodge,  but  not  of  the  college.  We  give  the  foregoing  facts  to  show  how 
difficult  it  often  is  to  get  reliable  historic  data  on  a  matter  supposed  to  be 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  249 

familiar  to  everybody,  and  to  show  that  this  historian  did  the  best  he  could 
to  get  full  particulars  of  the  Masonic  era  of  the  old  college. 

We  finally  got  the  following  points  from  Mr.  James  Cloudsley:  "After 
considerable  discussion  in  the  grand  lodge  over  the  proposition  to  establish 
a  college  for  the  orphan  children  of  deceased  Masons,  it  was  finally  decided 
to  do  it,  and  the  cities  of  Lexington  and  Palmyra  became  rivals  to  secure 
its  location;  but  Lexington  made  the  Largest  offer,  subscribing  $30,000 
toward  it,  and  thus  it  became  located  here.  In  the  spring  of  1847  the 
corner-stone  was  laid,  with  the  usual  ceremonies,  by  the  grand  master, 
Joseph  Foster,  E.  Winsor  and  Wm.  P.  Walter  being  marshals  of  the  day. 
The  main  building  was  erected  that  year,  and  in  1848  it  was  dedicated  by 
Grand  Master  Foster.  It  was  controlled  entirely  by  the  grand  lodge;  it 
was  primarily  for  the  benefit  of  the  orphan  children  of  deceased  Masons; 
and  each  member  in  the  state  was  to  pay  a  small  per  capita  tax  to  support 
the  collage.  H.  Sherwood  was  the  first  president  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees.    The  first  professors  were  Archibald  Patterson  and  Matt.  Williams. 

Gen.  John  S.  Marmaduke,  of  Saline  county,  Judge  Samuel  F.  Gilbert, 
of  Platte  county,  Missouri,  and  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  member  of  congress 
from  New  Mexico,  were  educated  in  this  college,  and  have  since  dis- 
tinguished themselves. 

The  people  of  Lexington  raised  altogether  about  $32,000  and  put  into 
the  buildings  and  grounds  of  this  institution.  But  when  the  civil  war 
broke  out  in  1861  it  was  early  occupied  as  a  military  post,  and  was  alternately 
in  possession  of  federals  and  confederates  all  through  the  war.  Soon  after 
the  close  of  the  bloody  struggle  the  old  college  building  was  converted 
into  a  military  institute  by  the  state  authorities.  But  in  this  character  it 
soon  became  such  a  palpable  farce  that  the  state  returned  it  to  the  Masons. 

From  the  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  house  of  representatives  on 
January  10,  1870,  we  take  the  following: 

By  Mr.  Miller,  of  Lafayette:  On  leave,  resolution  that  a  committee  of 
five  be  appointed  to  visit  the  Missouri  Military  Institute,  at  Lexington, 
and  report  its  condition  to  the  house. 

A  statement  from  the  Auditor  was  read,  showing  that  $15,000  had  been 
appropriated  for  establishing  and  improving  the  Institute. 

Mr.  Miller  said  that  the  institute  there  was  a  swindle  on  the  state.  The 
military  part  of  the  institution  consisted  of  four  colored  youths,  who  peri- 
odically parade  around  the  dilapidated  building.  The  superintendent 
resides  in  two  rooms  of  the  building.  Beyond  that  it  is  unoccupied.  About 
two  hundred  dollars  had  been  spent  in  improving  the  house.  It  was  a 
burlesque  upon  the  design  of  its  founders  and  proprietors.  He  would 
like  to  know  what  had  become  of  the  $3,000  a  year  appropriated  to  the 
institution.  The  state  should  either  re-cede  the  grounds  and  property  to 
the  donors,  or  establish  there  a  school  worthy  of  the  name.  The  money 
is  drawn  out  of  the  treasury  on  some  pretext  of  official  requisition,  but  the 
accounts  should  be  examined  to  find  how  the  funds  had  been  applied. 


250  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

The  governor  had  informed  him  in  effect  that  there  had  been  no  school 
there  for  twelve  months.  The  motion  was  adopted,  and  Messrs.  Miller, 
Weinrich,  Powell,  Ithner  and  Key  were  appointed. 

The  college  property  having  reverted  to  the  Missouri  Grand  Lodge,  in 
the  year  1871,  they  donated  it  to  the 

CENTRAL  FEMALE  COLLEGE, 

of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  south,  on  condition  that  they  would 
maintain  a  first-class  female  college  in  the  building,  and  furnish  free  tuition 
to  a  limited  number  of  daughters  of  deceased  or  indigent  Masons. 

The  Central  Female  College  was  organized  in  1869,  and  duly  incorpo- 
rated, with  all  the  powers  usually  pertaining  to  a  collegiate  organization. 
Many  of  the  members  of  this  new  body  had  been  among  the  original 
incoi  porators  of  the  Old  Masonic  College,  so  that  the  ultimate  succession 
was  the  more  easily  effected.  Wm.  Morrison  was  first  president  of  the 
board  of  curators.  The  first  session  of  the  new  female  college  opened  on 
the  first  Monday  in  September,  1869,  with  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Camp  as  acting 
president  of  the  faculty.  He  was  in  a  short  time  succeeded  by  Dr.  J.  O. 
Church,  who  filled  the  chair  about  two  years,  and  was  then  followed  by 
X)v.  W.  T.  J.  Sullivan.  The  next  president  was  Rev.  Marshall  Mcllhany; 
and  after  him  W.  F.  Kerdolff,  Jr.,  the  present  incumbent. 

W.  F.  Kerdolff,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Missouri,  in  October, 
1853.  During  his  early  life  he  attended  constantly  either  private  or  pub- 
lic schools  in  his  native  town,  and  in  the  fall  of  1870,  left  home  to  attend 
Central  College  at  Fayette,  Mo.,  where  he  remained  four  years.  Very 
early  in  life  he  united  himself  with  the  M.  E.  church  south,  and  has  since 
remained  a  consistent  member  of  the  same.  During  the  time  he  was  at 
college,  he  obtained  license  to  preach,  and  since  that  time  has  continued 
his  relation  of  "  local  preacher  "  in  his  chosen  church.  Soon  after  leaving 
college  he  married  Miss  Alice  Eaton,  an  estimable  young  lady  who 
resided  near  Fayette  and  whose  father  and  mother  are  of  old  Kentucky 
and  Virginia  stock.  In  the  fall  of  1875,  he  began  teaching  school  in  Mor- 
gan Park  Military  Academy,  near  Chicago,  111.,  where  he  remained  two 
years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  came  back  to  his  old  home,  Lexington, 
Mo.,  and  took  charge  of  the  Lexington  High  School,  where  he  had  grad- 
uated before  leaving  home  to  attend  college.  In  this  position  he  remained 
three  years  and  was  re-elected  for  the  fourth  year,  but  declined  the  prof- 
fered position  and  was  soon  after  called  to  the  presidency  of  Central 
Female  College.  Under  his  administration  the  college  is  now  in  a  more 
prosperous  condition  than  ever  before,  there  being  more  pupils  enrolled  at 
this  time  of  the  present  year,  October,  1881,  than  during  the  whole  of  any 
previous  "year. 


252  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

HISTORY    OF    THE    ELIZABETH    AULL    FEMALE    SEMINARY. 

Elizabeth  Aull  was  born  at  New  Castle,  in  the  state  of  Delaware,  in 
1790.  She  united  with  the  Presbyterian  church  of  her  native  town  when 
about  fifteen  years  of  age.  She  was  sister  to  James,  John  and  Robert 
Aull,  and  Mrs.  Maria  Pomeroy,  all  of  whom  were  early  settlers  and  in  their 
lifetime,  wealthy  and  prominent  citizens  of  Lexington.  As  early  as  1839 
we  find  the  names  of  Elizabeth  Aull  and  her  sister  Mrs.  Pomeroy  and ' 
brother  James,  among  the  first  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
which  was  organized  in  Lexington  during  that  year.  There  were  twenty 
of  those  first  members,  and  Mrs.  Pomeroy  is  the  only  one  of  them  who  is 
still  living,  1881. 

In  1857-8  Elizabeth  had  a  lingering  sickness  which  finally  resulted  in 
her  death.  During  this  period  she  meditated  much  upon  what  she  should 
do  with  her  property,  she  having  about  $150,000  in  her  own  right;  and  it 
was  in  this  time  of  protracted  wasting  of  body  that  she  formed  her  plan 
and  purpose  to  do  something  for  the  education  of  the  young  women  of 
this  state,  for  she  had  observed  that  the  provisions  for  their  education 
were  meager  and  insufficient.  Also,  about  this  time  occurred  the  business 
failure  of  H.  S.  Chadwick  &  Son,  to  whom  she  had  loaned  $10,000  and 
taken  security  on  Mr.  Chadwick's  fine  residence.  This  mansion  was  about 
to  become  her  property,  and  it  seemed  like  a  providential  provision  for  the 
female  seminary  which  she  was  planning  in  her  mind.  The  plan  and  pur- 
pose and  determination  of  the  project  was  entirely  her  own ;  and  after  she 
had  fully  decided  upon  it,  then  she  called  in  her  pastor,  Rev.  B.  M.  Hob- 
son,  and  asked  his  counsel  about  some  of  the  lesser  details  of  the  matter. 
It  has  been  commonly  believed  that  Mr.  Hobson  had  used  his  influence  to 
induce  her  to  devote  some  of  her  ample  means  in  this  way,  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  church,  but  Mr.  Hobson  himself  says  it  was  not  so;  and  Mrs. 
Pomeroy  also  informs  us  that  it  was  Elizabeth's  own  doing — that  she  did 
not  even  mention  the  matter  to  her  until  she  had  determined  upon  it,  and 
thought  of  the  Chadwick  house  as  a  nice  place  for  the  school. 

The  following  is  that  portion  of  Miss  Elizabeth  Aull's  will  in  which 
she  made  provision  for  the  founding  of  a  seminary. 

'■'■Item  j6l/i.  I  give  and  bequeath  to  Robert  Aull,  George  W  ilson  and 
Rev.  B.  M.  Hobson,  as  trustees,  upon  the  conditions  and  subject  to  the 
restrictions  hereinafter  named,  the  following  real  estate  situated  in  the 
city  of  Lexington,  Missouri,  viz:  The  real  estate  recently  purchased  by 
me  of  Hanson  S.  Chadwick,  and  now  in  his  possession,  embracing  lots 
numbered  five,  six,  seven,  eight  and  nine,  in  block  number  two,  in  Mun- 
dy's  addition  to  the  town  of  Lexington,  as  described  in  the  plat  of  said 
addition,  now  on  file  in  the  recorder's  office  for  said  county  of  Lafayette, 
the  real  estate  hereby  bequeathed,  being  the  whole  of  the  real  estate  con- 
veyed to  me  by  the  said   H.  S.  Chadwick  and  wife  by  deed  dated  the  29th 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  253 

day  of  September,  A.  D.,  1858.  In  trust,  however,  to  be  used  as  a  female 
seminary  of  learning,  under  the  management  and  control  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  in  Lexington,  Missouri,  of  which  I  am  now  a  member;  upon 
condition,  however,  that  upon  said  premises  such  seminary  shall  be  opened 
and  established  within  three  years  after  my  death.  And,  if  upon  said  prem- 
ises such  seminary  shall  not  be  opened  and  established  within  the  period  afore- 
said, then  said  premises  and  every  part  thereof  shall  revert  to  and  become  a 
part  of  my  estate ;  or  if  after  said  seminary  shall  be  so  opened  and  established, 
said  premises  shall  cease  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  aforesaid  for  a  period 
of  two  years,  then  said  premises  and  every  part  thereof  shall  revert  to 
and  become  a  part  of  my  estate.  And,  in  the  event,  for  the  reasons  afore- 
said, or  either  of  them,  said  premises  shall  revert  to  my  estate,  I  give  and 
bequeath  the  same  and  every  part  thereof  to  my  residuary  legatee  here- 
inafter named,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever.  And,  if  in  addition  to  the 
real  estate  above  specified,  which  I  value  at  ten  thousand  dollars,  a  fur- 
ther subscription  of  ten  thousand  dollars  in  money,  shall  be  made 
and  paid  to  the  proper  person  or  persons,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of 
said  seminar)'-,  within  three  years  after  my  death,  then  I  give  and  bequeath 
to  the  said  trustees,  above  named,  the  further  sum  of  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars for  the  use  and  to  be  expended  for  the  benefit  of  said  female  semi- 
nary. 

This  will  was  signed  and  sealed  by  Miss  Aullin  the  presence  of  Edward 
Stratton,  Wm.  P.  Boulware  and  A.  H.  McFadden,  October  1,  1858.  Her 
death  occurred  December  12,  1858,  and  on  December  18th  the  certificate 
of  probate  was  issued.  February  22, 1859,  the  will  was  recorded,  and  the 
executor  named  in  it  (Robert  Aull)  was  placed  under  bonds  of  $150,000 
for  his  faithful  execution  of  its  many  bequests. 

The  citizens  of  Lexington  soon  commenced  making  subscriptions 
toward  the  additional  $10,000  which  were  necessary  to  secure  the  bequest. 
About  $6,000  were  subscribed;  but  it  began  to  be  feared  that  under  the 
conditions  of  the  will  some  state  of  facts  might  occur  which  would  cause 
the  whole  property,  subscriptions  and  all,  to  revert  back  to  the  residuary 
legatee.  The  requisite  $10,000  could  not  be  made  up,  and  consequently  the 
Chadwick  property,  and  the  contingent  $10,000  named  in  the  will  would 
soon  fall  to  John  Aull,  as  the  will  provided.  At  this  stage  of  affairs  Mr. 
Aull  made  a  proposition  which  should  still  meet,  legally,  the  terms  of  the 
will,  and  at  the  same  time  not  defeat  his  sister's  wish  to  found  a  female 
seminary.  He  would  take  the  Chadwick  property,  as  the  will  provided 
he  should,  and  give  his  own  house  in  place  of  it  for  the  school;  and  give 
one-half  of  the  contingent  $10,000.  This  was  not  nearly  so  liberal  a  pro- 
vision as  Miss  Aull  had  herself  intended  to  make;  Mr.  Aull's  house  was 
not  so  good  a  one,  and  the  amount  of  money  was  only  half;  but  it  was  a 

D 


r 


254  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

great  deal  better  than  to  lose  the  school  entirely,  because  the  $10,000 
''additional  subscription"  could  not  be  raised.  So  the  working  friends  of 
the  enterprise  accepted  Mr.  AulFs  proposition,  as  the  best  they  could  do 
under  the  circumstances.  And  about  $2,000  of  the  $6,000  which  had 
been  subscribed  were  ultimately  paid  in,  notwithstanding  this  change  of 
plan.  Stephen  G.  Wentworth  has  been  one  of  the  trustees  from  the 
beginning;  he  was  treasurer  seventeen  years,  and  president  of  the  board 
three  years;  he  donated  to  the  school  a  telescope  and  some  other  scientific 
apparatus,  besides  other  liberal  benefactions. 

The  legislature  of  Missouri  chartered  the  constitution  March  12,  1859, 
and  incorporated  Robert  Aull,  Rev.  B.  M.  Hobson,  Gen.  R.  C.  Vaughan, 
Dr.  J.  B.  Alexander,  John  Chamberlain,  George  Wilson,  James  Wilson, 
S.  G.  Wentworth,  Samuel  F.  Taylor,  A.  W.  Hutchins,  W.  J.  Ferguson, 
Rev.  T.  A.  Brachen,  and  Edw.  M.  Samuel,  as  the  original  board  of 
trustees. 

Rev.  Lewis  Green  Barbour,  A.  M.,  now  professor  of  mathematics, 
Central  University,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  was  chosen  the  first  president. 
Under  his  management  the  school  opened  its  halls  for  the  reception  of 
students  September,  1860.  The  school  prospered  under  his  care,  and 
made  for  itself  a  fine  reputation.  The  war,  however,  soon  came  on;  while 
the  school  was  not  closed,  it  materially  interfered  with  its  peace  and  pros- 
perity. Mr.  Barbour  remained,  true  to  his  trust,  until  the  war  closed, 
when  he  resigned,  and  was  succeeded 'bv  Capt.  Rufus  W.  Finley,  A.  M., 
who  entered  upon  his  duties  in  the  fall  of  1865.  His  term  of  office  closed 
in  the  summer  of  1867. 

Anthony  Haynes,  A.  M.,  a  graduate  of  the  Missouri  State  University, 
succeeded  him.     He  resigned  after  a  three  years'  administration. 

The  next  president  was  Rev.  J.  A.  Quarles,  A.  M.,  a  graduate  of  West- 
minster College,  Missouri,  during  the  incumbency  of  Pres.  S.  S.  Laws, 
now  at  the  head  of  the  State  University.  This  was  the  beginning  of  a  new 
era  in  the  history  of  the  seminary.  Mr.  Quarles,  in  addition  to  his  tute- 
lage for  eight  years,  under  Prof.  F.  T.  Kemper,  of  Boonville,  Missouri, 
had  attended  the  college  at  Fulton,  had  passed  two  years  at  the  great 
University  of  Virginia,  then  at  the  zenith  of  its  glory,  and  had  taken 
theological  course  at  the  world-renowned  seminary  of  Princeton,  New 
Jersey.  Possessed  thus  of  an  unusually  liberal  education,  he  was  also 
gifted  with  energy  and  rare  executive  and  organizing  talent.  He  threw 
his  whole  soul  into  the  work,  and  thoroughly  remodeled  the  school  from 
top  to  bottom.  The  present  plan,  which  is  quite  peculiar,  is  his  work.  Its 
radical  features  were  introduced  by  him  at  once;  but  the  minutiae  have 
been  the  result  of  his  thought,  experience,  and  observation  since  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  work.     He  was  fortunate  to  associate  with  himself 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  255 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  R.  Ireland,  who  took  charge  of  the  boarding  department, 
and  have  made  it  exceedingly  popular. 

Mr.  Quarles  continued  at  the  helm  for  three  years,  during  which  period 
the  school  grew  in  patronage  until  it  became  necessary  to  add  the  left 
wing  to  accommodate  its  increasing  members.  The  joint  labors  of  the 
church  and  school  proving  too  much  for  him,  he  resigned  the  presidency 
in  1875,  and  Rev.  Jas.  M.  Chaney,  A.  M.,  was  chosen  his  successor.  The 
administration  did  not  last  longer  than  three  years,  when  he  was  followed 
by  Maj.  A.  H.  Todd,  A.  M„  who  conducted  the  school  one  year. 

In  1877  Mr.  Quarles,  having  been  laid  aside  from  the  ministry  by  what 
the  physicians  pronounced  an  incurable  disease  of  the  throat,  was  again 
chosen  president  for  a  period  of  ten  years.  The  past  four  years  of  his 
second  administration  have  been  growingly  prosperous.  In  1879  Mr. 
Quarles  purchased  the  square  of  ground  adjoining  the  Seminary  on  the 
southwest,  and  converted  the  brick  building  that  was  on  it  into  the  Prepar- 
atory Department.  In  it  are  also  rooms  for  the  school  of  Design.  In 
18S0,  the  buildings  still  being  crowded,  seven  additional  rooms  were  added 
in  the  rear  of  the  chapel.  Even  this  did  not  furnish  the  accommodations 
needed,  and  so,  later  in  the  y^ar  1881,  Mr.  Quarles  bought  the  square 
next  southwest,  on  which  stood  the  elegant  and  commodious  mansion 
which  was  Miss  Aull's  original  bequest  to  the  Seminary.  This  he  occu- 
pies as  a  residence,  and  as  a  home  for  any  pupils  who  may  not  be  able  to 
find  accommodations  in  the  main  buildings  of  the  Seminary.  In  the  cut 
of  the  grounds  as  found  in  this  volume,  the  three  adjacent  squares,  all 
under  one  enclosure,  are  presented.  The  buildings  on  the  right,  as  you 
look  at  the  picture,  are  the  Seminary  proper,  containing  the  chapel,  reci- 
tation, music  and  sleeping  rooms,  all  under  one  roof.  The  central  building 
is  the  Preparatory  Department.  The  house  on  the  extreme  left  is  the 
president's  mansion.  These  buildings  have  but  two  stories,  and  thus  long 
stairways  are  avoided.  The  main  buildings  are  lighted  throughout  with 
gas.  The  grounds  altogether  enclose  something  over  six  acres.  The 
location  is  the  bluff  of  the  Missouri  river,  the  buildings  overlooking  the 
turbid  waters  of  that  majestic  stream.  The  health  of  the  institution  has 
been  so  good,  that  not  a  single  death  has  occurred  amongst  the  boarders 
or  teachers  during  the  twenty-one  years  of  its  existence. 

The  studies  are  divided  into  two  grand  departments;  easily,  naturally 
and  necessarily  seperable  from  each  other.  Each  of  these  are  sub-divided 
carefully  and  accurately.  The  sciences  are  arranged  into  subordinate 
departments.  The  preparatory,  the  intermediate  and  the  collegiate.  This 
division  is,  of  course,  based  upon  grade.  The  collegiate  department  of 
the  sciences  is  arranged  into  separate  schools:  The  school  of  English,  of 
mathematics,  of  history,  of  languages,  of  physics,  of  metaphysics,  and  of 
the  Bible.     The  department  of  the  arts  is  also  classified  into  schools:     the 


256  HISTORY    OF     LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

school  of  music,  of  design,  of  elocution,  of  penmanship,  of  fancy  work, 
and  of  cooking. 

The  course  of  study  in  mathematics  embraces  the  calculus;  in  physics, 
ten  of  the  natural  sciences,  in  languages,  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  Anglo- 
Saxon,  German.  French,  Italian,  and  Spanish.  In  music,  the  course  is 
classical  and  unusually  extensive. 

In  the  collegiate  department,  the  graded  system  has  been  abandoned, 
and  the  elective  substituted  for  it.  This  is  one  of  the  more  radical  features, 
and,  as  its  friends  claim,  most  important  reforms.  Each  pupil  is  graded 
in  each  study  according  to  her  attainments  in  that  study,  and  without  ref- 
erence to  her  proficiency  in  anything  else;  and  no  pupil  is  advanced 
or  retarded  bv  those  who  belong  to  her  grade.  A  parent  or  pupil  may 
select  iust  those  studies  which  taste  and  talent  may  indicate.  There  is  no 
treadmill  course.  Each  one  stands  exclusively  on  her  own  merit  in  each 
department.  The  pupils  are  not  graduated  by  classes,  each  one  must  work 
her  way,  study  bv  study,  until  she  has  passed  successfully  all  the  written 
examinations  of  the  course.  The  work  of  no  other  institution  is  accepted. 
That  is,  if  a  pupil  has  passed  to  the  senior  year  in  another  college,  and 
then  comes  here,  she  must  stand  the  regular  written  examinations  of  this 
seminary  in  the  studies  she  has  pursued,  if  she  wishes  to  graduate.  As 
proof  that  the  standard  for  graduation  here  is  exceptionable  high,  Mr. 
Quarles  points  tp  the  fact  that  during  the  seven  years  of  his  prosperous 
administration,  onlv  five  young  ladies  have  received  the  baccalaureate 
diploma,  while  the  mistress'  degree  has  not  yet  been  even  attempted. 

Another  peculiarity  of  this  seminary  is  its  partial  diplomas.  If  a  pupil 
here  does  no  more  than  pass  the  examination  in  spelling,  she  is  given  a 
certificate  of  that  fact.  So  she  is  awarded  a  similar  testimonial  for  every 
success  that  she  attains.  If  she  passes  five  examinations,  or  fifteen,  she  is 
given  an  authentic  record  of  it,  with  her  standing  in  each.  Moreover, 
quite  a  number  of  distinct  diplomas  are  given,  besides  those  for  the  bac- 
calaureate and  mistress'  degrees  of  science.  In  each  school  of  studies,  a 
baccalaureate  and  a  mistress'  diploma  are  offered.  So  there  is  a  normal 
degree  for  teachers.  A  seminary  degree,  corresponding  to  that  usually 
given  bv  female  colleges.  Bv  these  means,  all  the  varieties  of  taste  and 
capacity  can  be  accommodated:  each  girl  is  stimulated  and  encouraged> 
and  exact  justice  is  done  to  every  pupil  upon  her  record. 

Another  characteristic  is  written  examinations.  These  are  the  founda- 
tion for  all  the  honors  that  are  offered.  No  public  exhibition  has  been 
given  for  eleven  vears. 

J.  A.  Quarles,  president  of  the  Elizabeth  Aull  female  seminary,  was 
born  in  Clark's  Fork  township,  Cooper  county,  Missouri,  near  Boonville, 
April  30,  IS 37,  of  parents  who  had  emigrated  from  Virginia  the  preced- 
ing fall.     When  he  was  nine  years  old  he  was  so  fortunate  as  to  be  placed 


HISTORY    OF     LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  857 

under  the  care  of  the  famous   Prof.  F.  T.  Kemper.     Here  he  rema:r-: 
until  the  summer  of  1^54,  having  completed  the  course  of  mathema: 
including  the  calculus,  and  having  read  a  full  -  :  :he  Greek  and  Latin 

classics. 

He  was  then  sent  to  the  university  of  Virginia,  where  he  spent  nearly 
two  Years.  This  institution  was  then  at  the  zenith  of  its  prosperity,  hav- 
ing an  annual  attendance  of  over  six  hundred  students.  In  the  summer 
of  IS 54  Mr.  Q.  returned  to  Boonville,  and  Prof.  Kemper  having  accepted 
a  professorship  in  Westminster  college,  he  was  asked  to  take  temporarv 
charge  of  the  schools,  which  he  did  for  the  next  school  year.  In  the  fall 
of  1*57  he  entered  the  theological  seminary  of  the  Presbvterian  church 
at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  where  he  remained  two  years  enioving  the 
instructions  of  its  celebrated  professors.  In  the  spring  of  1S55,  Prof. 
Kemper  being  a  professor  in  the  college  at  the  time,  he  was  admitted  into 
the  senior  class  of  Westminster  college.  Missouri,  where  he  graduated 
first  in  his  class,  after  an  attendance  of  onlv  three  months. 

In  the  spring  of  IS 59  he  returned  to  Missouri  from  Princeton,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach,  April  9,  by  the  presbytery  of  Missouri,  in  the  Presbv- 
terian church  of  Columbia.  He  then  went  to  Springfield,  Mo.,  with  a 
view  to  a  permanent  settlement,  but  in  the  fall  of  the  same  vear  he  received 
a  call  to  the  church  at  Glasgow,  Mo.,  which  he  accepted,  and  where  he 
was  ordained  and  installed  pastor  Februarv  15,  I860,  and  remained  until 
January,  1866.  He  was  successful  in  his  work  here,  the  church  having 
quadrupled  its  members  during  his  stav  of  six  vears. 

January,  1866,  he  removed,  upon  invitation,  to  Lexington.  Mo.,  and 
preached  his  first  sermon  as  pastor  on  the  opening  Sabbath  of  the  new 
year.  The  congregation  had  been  scattered  and  the  church  was  a  good 
deal  discouraged.  He  remained  pastor  until  September,  1S73 — nearlv 
eight  years — during  which  time  2*39  persons  united  with  the  church,  about 
two-thirds  upon  an  original  profession  of  faith. 

September.  1873,  Mr.  Q.  was  called  to  the  High  street  church,  St. 
Louis.  He  accepted  and  removed  to  that  citv:  but  was  almost  immedi- 
ately informed  by  the  most  skilled  phvsicians  there  that  he  was  the  victim 
in  an  aggravated  form  of  the  "preacher's  sore  throat."  He  continuec 
labors,  however,  enjoying  the  skilled  treatment  of  Dr.  Wm.  C.  Glasgow, 
until  the  summer  of  1*74.  when  he  w    -  reluctandv  compelled  to  give 

up  the  profession  for  which  he  had  been  trained,  to  which  he  had  gr 
his  early  enthusiasm  and  was  most  ardently  attached,  and  in  which  he  had 
been  greatly  blessed.     During  his  brief  and  trving   ministrv  in   St.  Louis 
88  persons  united  with  the  High  street  church. 

July,  1*74,  Mr.  Q.  returned  to  Lexington,  and  went,  for  his  health,  to 
spend  the  summer  in  Colorado.  In  the  fall,  for  the  support  of  his  familv, 
he  opened  a  drug  store  in  Lexington:  and  this  proving  inadequate,  he 


258  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

accepted  from  Mr.  Wm.  B.  Steele  the  position  of  deputy  county  clerk  of 
Lafayette  county,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  January,  1875.  Here  he 
remained  until  the  summer  of  1877,  having  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the 
county  in  far  better  condition  than  when  he  entered  its  service. 

In  the  summer  of  1870,  while  Mr.  Q.  was  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  he  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  Elizabeth  Aull  seminary, 
under  the  control  of  that  congregation.  For  three  years  he  discharged 
the  double  duties  without  rest,  winter  or  summer,  Saturday  or  Sunday. 
This  was  doubtless  the  cause  of  the  failure  of  his  health.  In  1S73,  as 
already  stated,  he  resigned  and  went  to  St.  Louis.  In  1877  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  seminary  for  a  term  of  ten  years.  This 
position  he  now  fills. 

Oct.  11,  1859,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Carrie  W.  Field, 
daughter  of  Wm.  H.  Field,  Esq.,  a  distinguished  lawyer  of  Pettis  county, 
Missouri,  whose  tragic  death  at  the  hands  of  the  federal  soldiery  was  one 
of  the  most  shocking  incidents  of  our  civil  war.  Mrs.  Q.  still  lives,  and 
is  the  mother  of  ten  children,  but  five  of  whom,  however,  are  now  living. 

THE  BAPTIST  FEMALE  COLLEGE. 

The  seed  germ  from  which  this  excellent  institution  of  learning  sprang, 
was  sown  in  about  1853,  in  the  shape  of  the  first  female  seminary,  or 
select  school  for  young  ladies,  established  in  Lexington,  by  Rev.  A.  V.  C. 
Schenck,  which,  at  that  time  was  not  under  the  auspices  of  any  particu- 
lar denomination.  Rev.  Mr.  Schenck  had  in  June,  retired  from  the  pas- 
torate of  the  first  Presbyterian  church  of  Lexington,  and  then  started  this 
school.  In  1855,  this  was  merged  into  the  Baptist  female  college,  under 
the  auspices  of  a  joint-stock  company,  known  as  the  "Blue  River  Baptist 
Association,"  the  trustees  of  which  procured  a  charter  in  the  same  year, 
and  purchased  a  building  at  a  cost  of  $24,000,  [the  old  brick  court  house], 
located  in  that  part  of  Lexington,  known  as  "  Old  Town,  "  and  elected  the 
Rev.  E.  S.  Dulin,  D.  D.,  president.  Under  his  direction  some  $6,000  or 
$8,000  were  expended  in  fitting  up  the  building,  and  beautifying  the 
grounds  in  order  to  render  it  a  suitable  place  for  the  education  of  young 
ladies.  As  the  result  of  his  judicious  management  the  school  became  one 
of  the  best  female  colleges  in  the  state.  He  resigned  the  presidency  in 
1859,  and  Professor  J.  B.  Budwell  was  requested  to  occupy  the  place  until 
a  suitable  successor  could  be  found.  In  the  same  year  the  Rev.  J.  A. 
Hollis  was  elected  president,  under  whose  control  the  school  attained  a 
high  degree  of  prosperity,  the  attendance  reaching  above  two  hundred. 
He  retained  his  position  until  1861.  During  that  year  when  the  federal's 
came  to  occupy  Lexington,  it  was  at  once  seen  that  the  edifice  of  the 
Baptist  college,  and  that  of  the  Masonic  college,  for  the  education  of 
young  men,  were  very  suitably  located  for  garrison  and  hospital  purposes, 


260  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  the  federal  authorities  required  that  these  buildings  should  be  vacated. 
Thus  two  of  the  best  educational  institutions  of  the  state  were  obliged  to 
suspend.  Except  for  the  short  time  during  which  General  Price  held 
Lexington,  the  federal  authorities  held  undisputed  possession  of  the  col- 
lege building  for  hospital  purposes,  and  even  during  that  time  the  sick 
and  wounded  federals,  who  were  unable  to  bear  transportation  were 
allowed  to  remain,  and  upon  the  departure  of  the  confederates  were  left 
in  quiet  possession  of  the  building,  where  they  were  found  by  the  feder- 
als upon  their  re-occupation  of  the  city. 

Shortly  afterwards  the  authorities  converted  the  building  into  a  pest- 
house,  and  the  small-pox  patients  of  their  army  were  sent  to  it.  During 
the  mutations  of  the  war,  these  poor  fellows  were  frequently  neglecLed. 
The  citizens  of  Lexington  kept  them  from  starving,  but  for  want  of  trans- 
portation could  not  furnish  them  with  the  necessar}*-  supplies.  In  conse- 
quence ot  the  severity  of  the  weather,  and  of  the  limited  supply  of  fuel, 
they  were  obliged  to  burn  the  doors,  door  and  window  casings,  etc.,  in 
order  to  keep  themselves  from  freezing.  Hence  when  the  building  again 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  trustees,  after  the  war,  it  was  found  to  be 
entirely  unfit  for  occupancy,  and  this  fact,  together  with  that  of  its  having 
been  used  as  a  pest-house,  rendered  the  board  unwilling  to  re-occupy  it 
as  a  college.  They,  therefore,  disposed  of  the  building  and  grounds  for 
the  pitiable  sum  of  $4,000.  Thus  was  a  property  worth  at  least  $35,000, 
sacrificed.  The  board  of  trustees  has  never  put  in  a  claim  for  this  loss, 
but  they  have  petitioned  the  general  government  to  allow  them  a  fair 
rental, — or  about  what  they  had  previously  received,  a  thousand  dollars  a 
year,  for  the  four  years  during  which  the  federals  were  in  possession. 
They  have  been  informed  that  the  claim  has  been  allowed,  but  no  appro- 
priation has  yet  been  made  for  its  payment.  This  has  worked  a  great 
hardship  to  the  friends  of  the  institution.  In  their  efforts  to  re-establish 
it  they  have  contributed  and  expended  $25,000,  but  in  defiance  of 
their  best  efforts  they  find  the  college  burdened  with  a  debt  of  $4,227, 
and  during  the  past  twelve  years  they  have  been  obliged  to  provide  for 
the  annual  interest  at  the  rate  of  ten  per  cent  on  the  above  debt. 

During  the  year  1854,  while  the  college  edifice  was  still  occupied  by 
troops,  Dr.  K.  S.  Dulin  consented  to  resume  the  presidency,  and  other 
buildings  were  secured.  Under  his  judicious  management  the  prosperity 
of  the  school  was  restored,  and  it  soon  became  necessary  to  provide  addi- 
tional accommodations.  Accordingly,  in  1868,  the  present  college  build- 
ings were  purchased  for  $11,500,  and  $4,300  expended  in  fitting  them  up 
for  school  purposes.  Dr.  Dulin  presided  over  the  interests  of  the  college 
until  1869,  when  he  was  induced  to  accept  the  presidency  of  Stephen's 
college  at  Columbia,  Missouri.  The  lamented  D.  H.  Selph,  D.  D.,  was 
his  successor,  becoming  president  of  the  college  in  1869,  and  although  as 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  261 

well  fitted  to  occupy  the  position  as  any  man  could  be,  the  complete  fail- 
ure of  his  health  compelled  him  to  resign  in  1873. 

In  June,  of  the  same  year,  Prof.  A.  E.  Fleet  was  chosen  to  the  presi- 
dency and  during  his  administration  the  school  steadily  increased  in  pop- 
ularity and  efficiency.  During  the  summer  of  1876,  owing  to  the  increase 
in  the  number  of  boarding  pupils,  the  trustees,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,  added 
a  new  story  to  the  main  building,  which  with  its  mansard  roof  and  tower, 
make  it  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  convenient  school-buildings  in 
the  state.  The  whole  house  has  been  fitted  for  gas  and  the  use  of  kero- 
sene has  been  entirely  discontinued.  During  the  session  of  1876-7  the 
number  of  boarding  pupils  was  fifty-six  and  that  of  day  pupils  the  same — 
one  hundred  and  twelve  in  all. 

Frequent  improvements,  have  since  been  made,  involving  the  expendi- 
ture of  several  thousand  dollars.  In  1»79,  Prof.  Fleet  resigned  his  posi- 
tion to  take  the  chair  of  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  State  University,  and 
Professor  John  F.  Lanneau,  who  still  occupies  the  presidency,  was 
appointed  to  succeed  him.  Prof.  Lanneau  was  formerly  professor  of 
mathematics  in  William  Jewell  College,  and  for  several  years  president  of 
the  Female  College  at  Tuscaloosa,  Alabama. 

The  Baptist  Female  College  is  divided  into  three  departments — literary, 
art  and  home.  The  faculty  for  the  coming  year  (1881-2),  consists  of  fif- 
teen teachers;  six  in  the  literary,  six  in  the  art,  and  three  in  the  home 
departments.  Prof.  Charles  Gimbel,  of  the  art  department,  is  a  gentle- 
man of  national  repute,  as  a  music  composer,  being  the  author  of  over 
fifty  pieces  of  sheet  music  published  by  leading  houses.  The  average 
attendance  during  the  school  term  in  this  college  for  ten  years  past  has 
been  about  125.     The  number  in  attendance  October,  1881,  was  121. 

John  F.  Lanneau,  A.  M.,  president  Baptist  Female  College,  Lexing- 
ton, Mo.  Born  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  in  1836.  In  1856  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  Military  Academy,  at  the  head  of  his  class,  and  was 
during  his  senior  year  assistant  professor  of  drawing.  In  1856,  became 
tutor  in  mathematics  in  Furman  University,  Greenville,  S.  C,  and  the 
next  year  was  appointed  adjunct  professor  of  natural  philosophy  and 
chemistry.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  war  on  the  side  of  his  native  state, 
and  was  commissioned  captain  of  cavalry  in  the  Hampton  Legion;  in  1862 
was  lieutenant,  and  in  1864  captain  of  engineers;. and  in  this  capacity 
served  on  the  staff  severally  of  Gen.  Longstreet,  Gen.  Lee,  and  Gen. 
Hampton.  At  the  close  of  war  in  1865  he  returned  to  his  post  in  the 
Furman  University  and  was  made  profesor  of  mathematics  and  astron- 
omy. In  1868  he  became  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  William  Jewell 
College  at  Liberty,  Mo.  In  1873  Prof.  Lanneau  accepted  the  presidency 
of  the  Alabama  Central  Female  College  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  In  1879  he 
took  charge  as  president  of  the  Baptist  Female  College  of  Lexington,  Mo., 


262  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

his  present  position ;  and  under  his  management  the  school  is  enjoying  a 
very  high  degree  of  popular  favor  and  financial  success.  Prof  Lanneau 
was  married  in  1869  to  Miss  Louise  S.  Cox,  of  Greenville,  S.  C,  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Baptist  Female  College  at  that  place. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WENTWORTH  MALE  ACADEMY. 

Wm.  Wentworth,  son  of  Stephen  G.  and  Eliza  Jane  Wentworth,  was 
born  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  December  30,  1852.  When  about  fifteen  years 
old  he  united  with  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  was  a  young  man  of  high 
moral  character;  indeed,  he  was  held  in  esteem  and  affectionate  regard 
by  the  entire  community.  For  about  rive  years  he  was  well  known  to 
the  business  men  of  Lexington  as  acting  teller  of  the  Morrison-Went- 
worth  bank.  But  his  health  began  to  decline;  and  in  January,  1877,  he 
went  to  Texas,  hoping  that  the  change  of  climate  would  restore  him ;  it 
did  benefit  him  for  two  seasons — but  death  had  marked  him  for  its  own, 
and  there  could  be  no  permanent  rejuvenation  of  the  frail  body.  He 
returned  to  Lexington,  May  2,  1879,  and  in  ten  days  thereafter  yielded  up 
his  spirit,  falling  asleep  in  Jesus,  the  dear  and  loving  Savior  in  whom  he 
put  his  trust.  It  was  a  great  comfort  to  his  father  that  William  was 
providentially  permitted  to  spend  his  last  days  at  home,  surrounded  by 
true  and  faithful  friends,  and  to  breathe  his  life  out  with  the  serene  and 
peaceful  trust  of  the  Christian's  well  anchored  hope. 

The  father's  heart  was  so  profoundly  touched  with  gratitude  to  God 
for  this  blessed  comfort  in  his  affliction,  that  he  decided  to  make  a  thank- 
offering  in  some  form  of  public  benefaction,  in  token  of  his  heartfelt 
thankfulness,  and  as  a  memorial  of  love  for  his  noble  son.  After  med- 
itating upon  and  considering  prayerfully  various  modes  of  public  benefac- 
tion which  presented  themselves  to  his  mind,  he  finally  decided  that  as  the 
Christian  education  of  young  women  in  Lexington  was  well  provided  for 
by  three  excellent  female  colleges,  liberally  sustained  by  their  different 
religious  demonstrations,  he  could  not  do  a  more  useful  thing  than  to 
establish  in  the  same  city  a  first-class  academy  for  boys  and  young 
men.  These  were  the  circumstances,  and  these  the  motives  out  of  which 
was  born  the  new  educational  institution  we  are  here  recording.  In  1878 
the  "  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Lexington  "  dissolved  its  organization, 
and  Mr.  Wentworth  bought  their  house  of  worship,  on  the  corner  of  Elm 
and  North  streets,  for  $2,500,  (the  building  orignally  cost  $11,000),  with 
a  view  to  carrying  out  the  plan  which  he  had  formed  for  a  male  academy. 
In  September,  1880,  a  school  was  opened  in  this  building,  under  the  name 
of  "Wenworth  Male  Academy."  In  September,  1879,  Prof.  B.  L. 
Hobson  had  opened  in  Lexington  a  select  school  for  boys,  but  in  view  of 
Mr.  Wentworth's  plans,  he  merged  his  enterprise  into  the  new  academy, 
and  associated  with  himself  Prof.  Sandford  Sellers;  they  conducted  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  263 

school  one  year,  when  Prof.  Hobson  retired  on  account  of  failing  health. 

April  18,  1881,  the  institution  was  duly  incorporated  by  the  following 
named  persons,  constituting  the  first  board  of  trustees: 

"  Now  therefore,  we,  the  undersigned,  S.  G.  Wentworth  and  Wm.  G. 
McCausland,  of  the  Presbyterian  church ;  Henry  C.  Wallace  of  the  Mis- 
sionary *  Baptist  church;  Edward  Winsor  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  south;  George  M.  Catron  of  the  Christian  f  church;  Wm.  F.  Ker- 
dolff,  Sr.,  of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  Benjamin  D.  Weedin,  of  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  church,  hereby  constitute  ourselves,  our  associates, 
and  successors,  a  body  corporate  and  politic  under  the  corporate  name  of 
'  Wentworth  Male  Academy,'  for  the  period  of  990  years  from  and  after 
the  date  hereof,  subject  to  renewals  and  extensions,  and  vested  with  all  the 
rights,  immunities,  powers,  and  privileges  granted  to  educational  associa- 
tions under  article  ten  of  chapter  twenty-one  of  the  revised  statutes  of  Mis- 
souri of  1879." 

Article  III  says:  "The  affairs  of  said  corporation  shall  be  managed  by 
a  board  of  seven  trustees  who  shall  be  resident  male  members  of  the  prin- 
cipal protestant  churches  in  Lexington,  Missouri,  and  vicinity.  Said  Acad- 
emy shall  be  free  from  the  control  of  any  one  religious  denomination,  but 
shaH"always  be  managed  and  taught  by  Christian  men."  Full  provision 
is  made  for  the  filling  of  vacancies  in  the  board;  and  if  from  any  cause 
any  one  of  the  churches  named  should  cease  to  exist  in  Lexington,  then 
the  church  next  nearest  like  it  in  form  of  doctrine  and  mode  of  worship 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  lapsed  representation  in  the  board.  And  thus  every 
contingency  of  the  perpetual  succession  is  provided  for.  This  is  in  some 
respects  a  "  new  departure,"  and  the  very  fact  that  six  different  religious 
denominations  have  thus  united  on  a  basis  of  mutual  trust  and  mutual  res- 
pect to  manage  a  christian  college  by  jointure  of  representation  in  its  gov- 
erning board,  is  one  of  the  signs  of  the  times  full  of  good  hope  for  the 
future. 

The  first  annual  catalogue  of  this  Academy  was  issued  in  July,  1881, 
and  showed  a  roll  of  fifty-three  students  at  that  time.  Prof.  Sandford 
Sellers,  A.  M.,  principal;  Prof.  A.  W.  Payne,  A.  B.,  assistant.  S.  G. 
Wentworth,  president  board  of  trustees;  Geo.  M.  Catron,  secretary;  Wm. 
F.  Kerdolff,  treasurer. 

In  addition  to  the  Academy  building,  Mr.  Wentworth  also  purchased  a 
house  two  squares  further  west,  on  the  corner  of  north  and  oak  streets, 
commonly  called  College  street,  for  the  Academy  boarding  house,  so  that 
students  who  did  not  reside  with  their  parents  or  friends  in  the  city  could 
have  a  home  together  under  the  constant  guard  and  counsel  of  the  pro- 

*  There  is  a  branch  or  body  of  Baptist  people  commonly  called  "  Hardshell  Baptists,1' 
who  are  opposed  to  missionary  operations;  and  those  Baptist  churches  which  do  engage 
in  missionary  work  use  the  name  il  Missionary  Baptist"  to  distinguish  themselves  from 
the  anti-missionary  body.     fOr  Disciples. 


264  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

tessors,  and  a  discreet,  motherly  Christian  woman  as  matron.  This  build- 
ing contains  ten  good  rooms,  besides  the  dining  room  and  outside  kitchen. 
Mr.  Wentworth's  idea  has  been  to  do  for  the  cause  of  Christian  educa- 
tion what  he  could  during  his  own  lifetime,  and  while  he  could  see  to  it 
himself  that  his  intentions  were  carried  out  and  his  money  properly 
applied,  instead  of  leaving  a  bequest  to  take  all  the  chances  of  misman- 
agement or  misappropriation  by  others  after  his  death — an  idea  which  is 
worthy  of  all  commendation  and  public  gratitude. 


COUNTY  ORGANIZATIONS. 

LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  MEDICAL  SOCIETY. 

This  society  was  orgagized  in  1852,  at  Lexington,  and  had  from  fifteen 
to  twenty  members.  Monthly  meetings  were  held  regularly,  with  inter- 
est and  benefit.  Matters  concerning  the  diseases  peculiar  to  this  region, 
and  their  medical  treatment,  were  sometimes  discussed  with  much  ability 
and  research.  Dr.  J.  B.  Alexander  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Atkinson  were  its  dele- 
gates to  the  American  Medical  Association  at  its  St.  Louis  session,  in 
May,  1854.  Dr.  Alexander  was  secretary  most  of  the  time,  but  the 
society  was  broken  up  and  its  records  lost  during  the  civil  war. 

June  13,  1865,  a  meeting  or  convention  of  physicians  was  held  at  the 
court  house,  to  organize  a  medical  society  to  be  "composed  of  resident 
physicians  of  the  city  and  county."  One  object  stated  was  to  establish  by 
joint  interest  a  medical  library  which  all  might  consult,  of  such  costly  books 
and  charts  as  one  physician  alone  could  not  afford  to  purchase.  Of  this 
meeting  Dr.  W.  P.  Boulware  was  president  and  Dr.  J.W.  Teader  secre- 
tary. A  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Atkinson,  Cooley,  and  Alexander  was 
appointed  to  draft  a  constitution  and  by-laws.  But  we  found  no  further 
record  of  this  society. 

The  next  record  we  find  shows  that  the  physicians  of  Lafayette  county 
l^-  met  on  Saturday  November  20,  1869,  in  the  court  house  in  Lexington,  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  a  county  medical  association,  having  for  its 
object  the  discussion  of  medical  subjects  and  the  cultivation  of  brotherly 
feeing  among  the  members  of  the  profession.  Dr.  J.  F.  Atkinson  was 
called  to  the  chair  and  Dr.  O.  F.  Renick  was  chosen  secretary 

On  motion  of  Dr.  A.  V.  Small  the  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
permanent  officers  for  the  ensuing  year:  Dr.  J.  F.  Atkinson,  president;  Dr. 
O.  F.  Renick,  vice-president;  Dr.  Wm.  P.  Boulware,  secretary.  On 
motion  the  president  appointed  the  following  committee  to  draft  a  Con- 
stitution and  By-laws,  by  which,  when  adopted  the  society  is  to  be  gov- 
ernened.  Said  committee  to  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  society, 
viz.:  Wm.  P.  Boulware,  M.  D.;  T.  S.  Bolton,  M.  D.;  P.  H.  Chambers, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  265 

M.  D.;  Geo.  W.  Young,  M.  D.;  J.  B.  Alexander,  M.  D.      On  motion  of 
Dr.  Chambers,  the  president  was  added  to  the  committee. 

In  1879  a  "Lafayette  County  Medical  Society"  was  organized  at  Hig- 
ginsville.  It  holds  monthly  sessions  at  different  places  throughout  the 
county  It  has  met  at  Higginsville,  Odessa,  Mayview,  and  Lexington. 
No  further  particulars  furnished. 

LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  AGRICULTURAL  AND  MECHANICAL   SOCIETY. 

This  society  was  incorporated  in  1855,  for  the  purpose  of  promoting 
improvements  in  agriculture  and  manfactures,  and  in  the  raising  of  stock. 
It  was  the  first  enterprise  of  the  kind  in  the  county.  The  following  were 
the  original  members  or  incorporators: 

Minos  Adams,  George  W.  Smith,  R.  Hale,  Street  Hale,  C.  Ben.  Russell, 
John  Cather,  George  Zeiler,  Geo.  P.  Venable,  R.  E.  Hays,  Geo.  Kennedy, 
Benj.  Marshall,  C.  Easter,  D.  Russell  &  Co.,  B.  T.  John,  John  C.  Young, 
Evan  Young,  W.  M.  N.  Green,  Wm.  Ewing,  J.  M.  Julian,  James  Clowds- 
ley,  Eneberg  &  Jennings,  J.  F.  Hassell,  Strother  Renick,  Linn  B.  Gordon, 
Thomas  B.  Campbell,  Alex.  Mitchell,  Wm.  Limrick,  O.  F.  Thomas,  Benj. 
Fish,  A.  Green,  C.  O.  Grimes,  Geo.  H.  Ambrose,  E.  Winsor,  A.  J.  Wil- 
liams, John  K.  Lord,  J.  M.  McGirk,  John  Catron,  J.  H.  Page,  A.  N.  Small, 
Henry  C.  Chiles,  J.  Russell,  James  F.  Campbell,  James  Peddicord,  Wm. 
T.  Wood,  Wm.  T.  Bell,  J.  D.  Robinson,  Loeb  Terhune,  Leroy  L.  Hill,  J. 
W.  Zeiler,  B.  R.  Ireland,  R.  W.  Kune,  Tilton  Davis,  R.  M.  Spurtly, 
James  C.  Kelly,  G.  T.  Douthitt,  F.  M.  Fields,  R.  J.  Smith,  John  W.  Wad- 
dell. 

The  society  was  authorized  to  hold  land  not  exceeding  thirty  acres,  and 
other  property,  including  exhibition  building,  not  exceeding  in  value  $10,- 
000.  Judge  Wm.  T.  Wood  was  its  first  president  and  E.  Winsor,  Esq.,  its 
first  secretary.  This  society  established  and  built  the  historic  fair  ground, 
about  two  miles  southeast  from  Lexington  city.  It  held  many  fine  exhibi- 
tions, and  kept  up  a  good  interest  until  the  war  time;  but  since  that  it  has 
lain  dormant. 

In  September,  1880,  a  new  organizntion  was  formed  at  Higginsville, 
called  the  Lafayette  county  Industrial  and  Stock  Association.  It  was 
incorporated  in  June,  1881,  with  the  following  officers:  president,  Jack- 
son Corder;  vice-president,  Col.  Joseph  Davis;  treasurer,  Capt.  A. 
E.  Asberry;  secretary,  L.  T.  Bell;  general  superintendent,  Dr.  C.  W. 
Seeber.  The  board  of  directors  consist  of  Jackson  Corder,  Joseph  Davis, 
Ryland  Todhunter,  Charles  Hoefer,  W.  H.  Waddell,  John  O.  Lockhart, 
T.-  B.  Campbell,- H.J.  Higgins,  W.  A.  Redd,  C.  W.  Seeber,  Geo.  P.Gor- 
don, J.  D.  Conner  and  H.  H.  C.  Chiles.  The  capital  stock  is  $8,000. 
Their  grounds  comprise  about  forty  acres,  with  buildings,  stables,  yards, 
ponds,  a  good  race  track,  etc.,  three- fourths  of  a  mile  from  Higginsville, 


266  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  near  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  railroad.  Their  first  annual 
exhibit  occurred  in  August,  1881,  and  was  a  grand  success.  The  man- 
agers of  the  first  fair  held  by  this  society  were:  Dr.  C.  W.  Seeber, 
general  superintendent;  H.  G.  Smith,  assistant  superintendent;  B.  S.  Hig- 
gins,  chief  marshal;  Mansfield  Wilmot,  assistant  marshal;  J.  D.  Conner, 
general  superintendent  of  floral  hall,  agricultural  and  mechanical  depart- 
ment; W.  W.  Preston,  superintendent  agricultural  department:  D.  S. 
Swacker,  superintendent  of  mechanical  department;  W.  C.  Beatie,  super- 
intendent, and  Mrs.  R.  Todhunter,  assistant  superintendent  of  homi',  field 
and  garden:  Mrs.  H.  C.  Chiles,  superintendent  fruits  and  flowers;  Mrs. 
Jackson  Corder,  superintendent  of  fine  arts  department;  Mrs.  H.  J.  Hig- 
gins,  superintendent  textile  fabrics  and  materials;  Geo.  Catron,  superin- 
tendent of  poultry  department;  H.  C.  Chiles,  superintendent  sheep  and 
swine. 

old  men's  association. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  old  citizens  and  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812,  held 
August  4,  1868,  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  James  Hicklin,  on  motion  of 
Henry  Wallace,  it  was  agreed  that  an  "  Old  Men's  Association  "  should  be 
formed,  comprised  of  persons  of  seventy  years  of  age  and  upwards;  that 
all  persons  present  should  record  their  names,  age  and  place  of  nativity, 
which  was  done.  On  motion,  Henry  Wallace  w  is  elected  president  and 
Jabez  Shotwell,  clerk. 

On  motion,  Henry  Wallace  and  Jabez  Shotwell  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  draft  and  present  to  the  consideration  of  the  association,  a  con- 
stitution, which  duty  was  duly  performed;  the  committee  reporting  the 
following  which  was  unanimously  adopted  by  the  members  present  : 

constitution. 

Article  1.  A  president  shall  be  elected  at  each  meeting,  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  preside  and  keep  order. 

Art.  2.  A  clerk  shall  be  elected  at  each  meeting,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  keep  a  record  of  all  the  names  of  the  members,  their  age  and  nativ- 
ity, and  the  proceedings  of  each  meeting. 

Art.  3.  Meetings  shall  be  held  during  the  months  of  May  and  Sep- 
tember of  each  year,  at  the  houses  of  the  different  members,  for  mutual 
conversation  and  enjoyment. 

Art.  4.  All  members  of  this  association  must  be  seventy  years  of  age, 
or  upwards  and  must  be  elected  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  associa- 
tion. 

Art.  5.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  member  when  requested,  to  relate 
his  experience,  either  verbally  or  in  writing. 

Art.  6.  Each  member's*  name  shall  be  enrolled,  with  his  age  and 
nativity. 

Art.  7.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  the  members  to  visit  each  other, 
particularly  in  sickness  or  distress. 

Art.  8.     Each  meeting  shall  be  opened  with  prayer. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


267 


Where  born. 

N.  Carolina 
Virginia.  .  . 
Tennessee  . 
Kentucky  . 


Daniel  Sims 
George  Buckner .... 


S.  Carolina. 
-1 795 Virginia . . . 


*1793  

Street  Hale Dec.  25,  1798    ... 

Lucien  Dumaine. . . .  March  25,  1800.  .      France  .  . . 

John  R.  Ford    ....  May  8, 1801 Kentucky 

Wm.  McCormack  .  .  Feb.  15, 1800 Virginia  .  . 

Wm.  Frick    May  4,  1792 Germany  . 

Thos.  Callaway Nov.  26,  1789. .  .      Virginia'.  . 

N.  J.  Carter.  ." Nov.  21,  1807    .  . 

Hiram  M.  Bledsoe.  .  April  2,  1798 Kentucky 

J.  G.  Suddath April  12,  1800 ....     Virginia" . 

*--Wm.  McCausland.  .  Oct.  9,  1797 Ireland  .  . 

James  Sommerville.  .  Feb.  27,  1793. . 

R.  C.  Johnson Nov.  19,  1789.  . 

Robert  Renick March  16,  1798 

David  Locke Sept.  3,  1799   . 

Jesse  Schofield July  15.  1801 . . 

Philip  Prather Feb!  27, 1799 . . 

Elias  Wheatly July  2, 1803. . . . 

Levi  Simpson * * 

Isaac  Chanslor Jan.  23,  179!) Kentucky  . 

Joel  P.  Wiles Sept.  12,  1804..  .  .     * 

Thos.  C.  Bledsoe.  .  .  April   15,  1802.  .  .      Kentucky  . 

Gideon  Flournoy .  . ..  April  25,  1805 ...     *..... 

James  Baird July  11, 1803 Kentucky. . 

Alexander  Cheatham  *1801 Virginia .  . . 

Rev.  F.  R.  Gray. . .  July  30,  1806 Kentucky.. 

♦Record  defective;  dates  and  place  of  birth  or  death  not  given . 


Virginia.  . 
« 

Kentucky 

u 

Penn 

Kentucky 


Date  of  death 


■1869. 


"4871  or '72. 


The  following  is  a  complete  list,  as  far  as  can  be  obtained  from  the 
records,  of  all  who  have  joined  up  to  the  present  time,  with  date  of  birth, 
place  of  nativity,  and  date  of  death  if  not  living: 

Name.  Date  of  birth. 

Edward  Minnis Oct.  13,  1  7S4 .  . 

Wm.  Robinson Feb.  25,  1791    . 

Lewis  Green July  12,  1791 .  . 

Jabez  Shotwell Nov.  28,  1791. 

Henry  Wallace.  . .    .  March  24,  1792 

John  Nelson Feb.  7,  1792 Tennessee  . 

Arthur  G.  Young..  .  Sept.   26,  1794. 

James  Hicklin Jan.  7,  1795 " 

John    Vaughn Sept.  3,  1795 Kentucky.  . 

Washington  Johnson  July  10,  1795 Virginia.  . . 

Robert  N.  Smith.  .  .  June  6,  1794 

R.  H.  Bradley Feb.  19,  1790 Georgia  .  . . 

James  H.  Graham..  .  Dec.  5,  1798 New  York. 

George  Houx March  8,  1797.  .  .      Kentucky.. 

Wm.  Houx Feb.  22,  1799 .... 

Howard  Williams.  .  .  Dec.  5, 1797 " 

G.  T.  Chrisman May  7,  1794 

Jesse  Roberts June  11,  1795 ....   Virginia 

Wm.  Helms June  18, 1795 


May  3,  1879. 
April  14, 1877 
*1871 

July  9, 18S1 . . 

Dec,  1873 .  . . 

*1875 

* 


Jan.  17, 1871 


May  28,  1881 
*1875  or  '76. 
*J877 

Oct!  25,  1876. 

Dec.  26,  1876 
Oct.  23,  1876 


*1875 


*1880 , 


Sept.  18,  1879 

June  10,  1876 
Dec.  1,  1879. 


, 


268  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Rev.J.  L.  Yantis...  Sept.  14,  1804... .  "  

Wm.  M.  Whitsett...  Sept  11.  1805 "  

Alex.  P.  Hogan *1788 *.. 

Wm.  F.  Bradley Sept.  15,  1806 Tennessee 

Col.  James  Young..  May  11,  1800. .  ..  "          ...     Feb.  9,  1878. 

John  Prico Feb.  21,  1807.  .  ..     Kentucky 

James  H.  Norfolk.  ..  Oct.  26,  1799 Maryland 

Isaac  Ruffner Jan.  21,  1804 West  Virginia     

Lawson  Grant July  1 ,  1810 Kentucky 

Paschal  A .  Gibbs .  .  .  Aug.  6,  1810 Virginia 

Henry  Wallace,  Sr.,  founder  of  the  "  Old  Men's  Club  "  association. 
Mr.  Wallace  was  born  in  Woodford  county,  Kentucky,  March  24,  1792, 
and  died  in  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  May  27,  1875.  His  father,  Hon. 
Caleb  Wallace,  a  physician  and  Presbyterian  minister  of  considerable 
eminence,  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  that  region  of  territory 
afterwards  formed  into  the  State  of  Kentucky,  residing  there  as  early  as 
1782,  when  it  formed  a  part  of  Virginia.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  was  a  member  of  the  several  conventions  held  preparatory  to 
the  formation  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  as  well  as  of  the  constitutional 
conventions  of  1792  and  1799,  under  the  former  of  which,  Kentucky  was 
admitted  into  the  union.  He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals 
of  Kentucky  in  1792,  and  filled  the  position  with  honor  till  1812.  The 
maiden  name  of  the  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  Rose  Ann 
Christian,  who  was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Israel  Christian,  a  revolutionary 
soldier  and  highly  respected  citizen  of  Virginia.  The  subject  of  this 
notice  had  seven  brothers  and  one  sister,  and  was  the  survivor  of  them 
all.  The  sister,  Priscilla,  became  the  wife  of  Judge  Wm.  Logan,  a  well 
known  citizen  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  also,  a  member  of  its  court  of 
appeals. 

Mr.  Wallace  was  raised  to  manhood  in  his  native  county,  with  only  sue 
opportunities  for  an  education  as  a  new  country  then  afforded.  At  the 
age  of  twenty,  he  volunteered  into  the  cavalry  regiment  of  Col.  McDowell 
for  the  war  of  1812,  and  served  under  Gen.  Wm.  H.  Harrison,  in  a  vig- 
orous winter  campaign  against  the  Indian  allies  of  Great  Britain,  in  Ohio 
and  Indiana.  After  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlistment,  he  became 
a  farmer  within  his  native  county,  and  soon  after,  on  August  18,  1814,  led 
to  the  marriage  altar,  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  Carlyle,  daughter  of  George 
Carlyle,  an  old  veteran  of  the  revolutionary  war,  and  also,  an  early  setder 
of  Kentucky,  from  Virginia.  This  estimable  Christian  lady  is  still  living 
near  the  city  of  Lexington,  Missouri.  Mr.  Wallace  united  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  in  Woodford  county,  Kentucky,  in  1823,  and  ever  after  lived 
in  the  communion  of  that  denomination,  a  consistent  Christian,  character- 
ized by  deep  piety  and  wide  benevolence.  He  immigrated  to  Missouri 
and  settled  in  Lexington,  Lafayette  county,  in  the  spring  of  1844,  and 


HISTORY    OF    LAYFAETTE    COUNTY.  269 

resided  in  the  city  till  1853,  when  he  removed  to  his  farm  a  mile  and  a 
half  south  of  Lexington,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days.  He 
enjoyed,  in  a  high  degree,  the  respect  and  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens, 
both  in  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  a  tribute  won  by  his  exemplary  life,  pub- 
lic spirit  and  unimpeachable  Christian  character.  He  was  endowed  with 
great  force  of  character;  had  a  vigorous  and  well  cultivated  mind,  and 
maintained  to  the  end  of  life  an  abiding  faith  in  the  truth  of  the  Christian 
religion,  and  the  government  and  providence  of  God. 

He  was  the  founder  of  the  "  old  soldiers'  club,"  afterwards  known  as 
the  "old  mens'  club  "  of  Lafayette  county,  most  of  the  members  of  which, 
like  himself,  have  passed  away  from  the  battles  and  {oils  of  this  life.  He 
raised  ten  children.  The  eldest  son,  Caleb  B.  Wallace,  a  well  known 
lawyer  and  once  state  senator  of  Kentucky,  died  in  Missouri  while  on  a 
visit  to  his  parents  and  friends  in  1855. 

Three  sons,  Hon.  H.  C.  Wallace,  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Lexington, 
Missouri;  Charles  C.  Wallace,  of  the  same  place,  and  Curtis  O.  Wal- 
lace of  St.  Louis,  still  survive  him.  One  of  his  surviving  daughters 
resides  in  Mound  City,  Illinois,  and  another  in  Jackson  county,  Missouri, 
and  one,  unmarried,  at  home  with  her  mother;  Three  others,  Mrs.  G.  W. 
Carter,  Mrs.  Dr.  P.  H.  Chambers,  and  Mrs.  F.  C.  Short,  died  some  years 
ago,  all  leaving  descendents. 

OLDEST    PERSON    IN    THE    COUNTY. 

Mrs.  Marie  Uphans,  who  resides  in  Freedom  township,  near  Concor- 
dia, was  born  in  Prussia,  March  11,  1780.  Her  100th  birthday  was'  cele- 
brated by  a  gathering  of  about  three  hundred  persons.  She  is  still  living, 
October  1,  1881,  aged  101  years  and  7  months,  and  is  doubtless  the  oldest 
living  person  in  the  county. 

Alexander  C.  Hogan,  of  Davis  township,  was  born  March  1;  1783,  near 
Richmond,  Virginia..  He  came  to  Davis  township  in  1839,  and  has  lived 
there  ever  since. 

Dr.  Robert  W.  Rankin,  now  residing  with  Judge  F.  E.  Barnet,  in  Snia- 
bar  township,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  August,  1790.  Served  as  magis- 
trate in  Lillard  county  several  years  before  the  name  was  changed,  in  1825, 
to  Lafayette. 

Bettie  Langhorn,  a  negro  woman  who  died  in  Lexington,  March  29, 
1880,  was  born  in  Buchingham  county,  Virginia,  during  the  winter  of 
1876-77.  This  was  vouched  for  by  Mrs.  A.  F.  Brown,  of  Malta  Bend, 
Mo.,  whose  grandmother's  family  originally  owned  Betty  as  a  slave  and 
knew  her  age.  Old  Betty  was  the  mother  of  eleven  children,  and  finally 
raised  a  child  of  her  own  granddaughter.  She  was  over  104  years  old 
when  she  died. 


270  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

Richard  Collins  Johnson,  of  Sniabar  township,  is  over  9S  years  of  age. 
He  was  a  soldier  under  Gen.  Jackson,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Talladega 
during  the  war  against  the  Creek  Indians  in  Florida. 

The  following  persons,  now  living,  August,  1881,  have  resided  in 
Lafayette  county  since  1819,  a  period  of  62  years: 

Clay  Township. — Mrs.  Ish,  widow  of  Wm.  Ish. 

Dover  Township. — Mrs.  John  Lovelady,  who  was  the  bride  of  the  first 
wedding  in  the  county,  and  the  mother  of  the  first  child  born  in  the  county. 
Jesse  Cole,  also  of  Dover. 

Lexington  Township. — John  Catron,  and  Mrs.  Rebeeca  Robinson, 
widow  of  Wm.  Robinson. 

Lexington  City. — Thomas  B.  Wallace. 

Washington  Township.—  Mrs.  Dolly  Marshall,  widow  of  Absalom  Mar- 
shall. 

There  is  a  sort  of  "  Early  Settlers  Association  "  in  existence,  of  which 
every  person  who  has  resided  forty  years  in  the  county  is  ex-qfficio  a  mem- 
ber; but  no  statistics  of  the  organization  were  furnished. 

THE  OLD  WHIG  PARTY-OF  LAFAYETTE. 

In  1861  that  patriarch  of  the  press  in  Lafayette  county,  Mr.  Charles 
Patterson,  wrote  for  the  Waverly  Visitor,  some  political  reminiscences 
which  have  a  historic  interest  and  value.  We  here  quote  the  main  facts, 
after  eliminating  sundry  personal  and  partisan  matters  that  were  local  to 
the  time: 

When  Lafayette  county  was  first  organized  out  of  old  Lillard,  she  had 
only  thirteen  whigs  in  her  limits.  *  *  *  The  county  never  exhibited 
signs  of  returning  reason  until  1838,  when  Mr.  Burden  and  his  compeers 
in  the  "  good  cause,"  at  the  sacrifice  of  much  precious  time,  "  bush- 
whacked" every  neighborhood,  and  Mr.  Burden,  young  as  he  was, 
mounted  the  "  stump  "  in  opposition  to  Democracy's  champion,  Col. 
"James  Young,  who  had  had  the  field  almost  to  himself. 

Two  years  passed  over,  and  the  campaign  of  1840  approached.  *  * 
The  whig  cause  increased  in  enthusiasm;  'log  cabins'  were  built,  'hard 
cider'  was  drank,  'latch  strings'  were  hung  out  side;  and  'mass  meetings' 
were  held.  'Tippacanoe  and  Tyler  too'  were  the  watch  words,  and  the 
'union  of  the  whigs  for  the  sake  of  the  union'  was  the  great  motto  of  the 
land.  Previous  to  the  state  election  in  August,  1840,  the  whigs  of  Lafay- 
ette in  mass  meeiing  nominated  Drs.  J.  B.  Vivion  and  Wm.  Ward  for  the 
legislature.  The  canvass  was  an  interesting  one,  and  was  conducted 
with  enthusiasm. 

Election  day  came  on,  and  when  the  polls  were  closed,  Lafayette  was 
redeemed — the  two  doctors  were  elected  by  25  majority.  The  result 
added  a  new  impulse  to  the  whig  cause,  and  all  attention  was  then 
directed  to  the  presidential  canvass.  An  immense  'log  cabin'  was  erected 
and  a  'tall'  Harrison  pole  was  raised.  Election  day  arrived,  and  when  the 
votes  were  counted,  Harrison  and  Tyler  had  75  majority  over  Van  Buren 
and  Johnson.     *     *    John  B.  Clarke  of  Howard,  was  the  whig  candidate 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  271 

for  governor,  in  August,  and  carried  the  county.  Two  years  rolled  by, 
and  another  county  election  was  at  hand.  Mr.  Burden  was  the  nominee 
of  the  whigs  for  the  legislature,  the  county  having  but  one  delegate  under 
a  recent  apportionment.  *  *  In  1844,  Mr.  Burden  was  returned  to 
the  legislature,  and  before  the  close  of  his  second  term,  secured  the  loca- 
tion of  the  fifth  branch  of  the  state  bank  at  Lexington. 

*  In  November,  Clay  and  Frelinghuysen  obtained  480  majority, 
the  parties  then  being  purely  whig  and  democrat.  In  1846,  the  opposi- 
tion to  the  whig  party  was  only  limited,  and  their  candidates  were  elected 
without  a  struggle,  and  the  year  passed  quietly.  In  1848,  the  August 
election  resulted  in  Lafayette,  in  large  whig  majorities  for  state  and 
county  tickets,  and  in  November,  over  500  majority  for  Taylor  and  Fil- 
more.  Two  parties  still  extant.  In  1850,  we  had  an  excited  canvass  for 
the  legislature — Mr.  Burden  again  being  a  candidate,  and  almost  desper- 
ate efforts  were  made  to  defeat  him.  But  the  whigs  of  old  Lafayette 
were  true  to  themselves,  and  saved  their  county  and  party,  by  electing 
their  entire  ticket. 

In  1852,  the  county  still  remained  firm,  and  rm  August  returned  the 
whig  candidates  to  the  legislature.  Dr.  I.  S.  Warten  and  Col.  R.  N. 
Smith  were  elected  by  a  respectable  majority.  In  November  she  gave 
Scott  and  Graham  a  handsome  majority.  In  1854,  owing  to  certain 
movements  among  our  foreign  guests,  and  the  manifest  ambition  of  many 
•naturalized  citizens  in  the  union,  the  'American,'  or  'know  nothing'  party 
was  organized,  and  whigs  and  democrats  abandoned  their  former  associa- 
tions, and  united  with  the  'dark-lantern'  club.  The  elections  all  over  the 
union  were  disastrous  to  any  party  that  attempted  to  sustain  the  cause  of 
foreign  aspirants.  Lafayette  sent  Wm.  S.  Field,  Esq.,  and  Maj.  S.  T. 
Niell  to  the  legislature  by  large  majorities.  In  1856,  at  the  August  elec- 
tion, R.  C.  Ewing  carried  the  county  by  upwards  of  600  for  governor, 
and  the  'American'  delegates  to  the  legislature,  Messrs.  E.  Burden  and 
Wm.  Morrison,  were  elected  by  nearly  as  large  a  vote.  In  November, 
•  Filmore  and  Donnelson  carried  the  county  by  a  large  vote.  During  the 
years  of  1854,  '55,  '56  and  '57,  the  Kansas  imbroglio  occupied  a  considera- 
ble share  of  the  public  attention,  and  attempts  were  made  to  seduce  the 
^American'  majority  in  Lafayette  into  new  issues.  All  failed,  however, 
and  Lafayette  remained  true  to  her  virtue. 

In  1858  Messrs.  S.  F.  Taylor  and  E.  Burden  were  elected  delegates  to 
the  legislature  by  large  majorities.  There  was  no  particular  excitement, 
and  the  "American"  candidates  met  with  only  a  limited  opposition.  In 
1860,  just  past,  our  readers  recollect  all  the  events  and  results.  August 
placed  two  constitutional  union  candidates  in  the  legislature,  all  the  union 
state  and  county  nominees  were  successful;  and  in  November  Bell  and 
Everett  carried  the  vote  by  a  triumphant  majority.  New  issues  springing 
up  after  the  presidential  election  had  been  decided,  all  parties  underwent 
a  material  change.  The  union  party  retained  its  organization,  only  losing 
a  few  of  its  former  members,  while  at  the  same  time  large  accessions  were 
made  from  the  Douglas  party,  and  a  few  from  Breckenridge  side.  The 
result  on  the  18th  of  February  last  proves  conclusively  that  Lafayette  is 
decidedly  a  constitutional  union  county. 


272  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

NEWSPAPERS.* 

Lexington  Express. — In  October  of  1839,  Mr.  Charles  Patterson  issued 
the  prospectus  of  the  Lexington  Express — the  first  newspaper  published 
in  Lafayette  county — from  the  office  of  the  paper  published  at  Liberty, 
Clay  county,  Missouri,  which  at  that  time  was  the  only  paper  published 
west  of  Boonville  and  Fayette.  In  November  of  the  same  year  he  went 
to  Cincinnati  and  purchased  printing  material;  but  on  account  of  the  Ohio 
river  being  low  his  press  was  not  shipped  until  February  following,  and 
reached  Lexington  in  March.  Mr.  Patterson  was  assisted  in  his  enterprise 
by  Messrs.  James  and  Robert  Aull,  Eldridge  Burden,  Samuel  B.  Stramcke 
and  Gen.  James  H.  Graham.  On  the  4th  of  March,  1840,  the  initial 
number  of  the  Express  was  issued.  When  the  prospectus  was  issued, 
Henry  Clay  was  the  expected  whig  candidate  for  the  approaching  cam- 
paign ;  but  in  the  Harrisburg  convention  Gen.  Harrison  received  the  nom- 
ination for  president,  and  the  Express  hoisted  his  name  to  its  mast-head. 
This  paper  was  published  continuously  until  1861,  by  the  successive 
administrations  of  Charles  Patterson;  Patterson  and  Jacob  M.  Julian; 
Patterson,  Julian  and  John  R.  Gaut;  Patterson,  Julian  and  Wm.  Mus- 
grove,  Sr.;  W.  M.  Smallwood  and  Julian,  and  Julian  and  R.  C.  Vaughan* 
It  was  issued  as  a  daily  during  portions  of  1860  and  1861,  by  Smallwood 
and  Julian.  The  paper  was  suspended  early  in  1861,  and  the  material  was 
in  custody  of  Ethan  Allen  at  the  time  of  the  seige  or  battle  of  Lexington. 
With  it  he  printed  an  "  Official  Bulletin,"  containing  the  reports  of  all  the 
confederate  officers,  the  next  day  after  Col.  Mulligan's  surrender. 

Western  Chronicle. — In  1848  a  democratic  journal  was  founded  by  Har- 
rison Branch;  this  was  succeededby  the  Western  Chronicle  in  1850,  which 
was  published  until  after  the  Presidential  election  of  1852. 

American  Citizen. — This  paper  was  founded  in  1855  by  William  Mus 
grove,  Senior.     It  advocated  the  "Know  Nothing"  branch  of  politics;  but 
after  a  brief  existence  of  two  years  expired  with  its  founder. 

The  Expositor  was  established  in  1856,  by  Yost  &  Stofer,  who  wer 
succeeded  in  1858  by  William  Anderson,  as  editor.  It  was  democratic  in 
principle  and  its  publication  was  continued  until  the  latter  part  of  1861, 
when  the  greater  part  of  their  apparatus  was  carried  away  by  the  First 
Regiment  Kansas  Volunteers. 

Missouri  Cumberland  Presbyterian  was  established  in  Lexington  in 
1850  and  was  edited  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Logan.  It  was  subsequently  moved 
to  St.  Louis,  where  it  was  published  until  1874;  about  this  time  it  was  pur- 

*  We  are  indebted  largely  to  the  very  excellent  centennial  4th  of  July  address  of  Wm. ' 
H.  Chiles,  Esq.,  for  the  facts  embodied  in  this  article.  His  address  was  delivered  at  the 
court  house  in  Lexington,  July  4,  1876,  and  afterwards  published  in  pamphlet  form  as  a 
"History  of  Lafayette  County,"  from  the  Lexington  Register  office.  But  we  have  gathered 
many  additional  facts  not  before  published. 


: 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  273 

chased  by  the  general  assembly  and  removed  to  Nashville,   Tennesse, 
where  it  is  still  published. 

The  Lafayette  Pioneer,  a  German  paper,  was  established  in  1860,  at 
Lexington  b}'  Phillip  Reichert,  but  was  soon  discontinued. 

The  Visitor. — This  paper  was  edited  at  Waverly  by  Charles  Patterson, 
the  founder  of  the  Express.  It  was  established  in  1858  or  59  and  existed 
a  little  more  than  one  year.  A  paper  called  the  Waverly  Express  was 
puplished  awhile  but  we  could  not  get  particulars. 

The  Citizen's  Daily  Advertiser. — Howard  S.  Harbaugh  started  the 
above  named  paper  in  1860,  but  his  editorial  career  was  soon  cut  short 
because  of  his  advocacy  of  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President.  He  was 
notifiied  by  the  "Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle"  to  leave  the  State  within 
six  days  of  they'd  hang  him.  He  left,  and  afterwards  became  editor  of 
the  Chilicothe  Constitution. 

When  the  war  broke  out  there  were  but  two  newspapers  published  in 
Lexington,  the  Express  and  the  Expositor,  which  were  discontinued  as 
before  stated,  in  consequence  of  the  unsettled  condition  of  the  times,  and 
for  a  while  there  was  no  paper  published  in  the  city.  In  1862,  however, 
H.  K.  Davis  established  the  Lexington  Weekly  Union  which  supported 
Gen.  McClellan  for  President  in  the  campaign  of  1864.  In  1865  it  was 
changed  to  the  Lexington  Weekly  Express,  and  that  in  turn  gave  way  to 
The  Caucasian  in  1866,  owned  by  Jacob  M.Julian,  Ethan  Allen  &  Com-- 
pany  (Wm.  Musgrove,  Jr.)  The  control  of  this  paper  was  varied:  Peter 
Donan  and  Allen;  Donan  and  Charles  J.  Nesbit;  Allen,  Jacob  T.  Child, 
and  Wm.  Musgrove,  Jr.;  Donan,  Reavis,  Andrew  Donan,  and  Wm.  G. 
Musgrove,  Jr.,  being  successively  its  proprietors  until  it  was  merged  into 
the  Intelligencer  in  1875.     It  was  democratic  in  politics. 

Lexington  Weekly  'Journal. — This  paper  was  started  June  9,  1864,  by 
C.  C.  Coffinberry,  editor  and  publisher.  It  was  republican  in  politics  and 
supported  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Andrew  Johnson  for  president  and  vice- 
president.  The  way  this  paper  was  started  is  worthy  of  record.  Some 
of  the  decisive  Union  men  of  Lexington,  thought  they  ought  to  have  a 
newspaper  of  their  own,  so  they  clubbed  together  and  raised  money  for 
the  purpose,  Henry  Turner  being  their  treasurer;  Wm.  H.  Bowen  went 
to  St.  Louis  and  bought  the  printing  material,  and  brought  up  with  him 
a  printer  to  take  charge  as  foreman.  It  was  soon  discovered  that  they 
had  not  enough  printing  material,  so  they  raised  $300  more  and  sent  the 
printer  man  to  St.  Louis  to  buy  more  types;  but  the  printer  got  drunk, 
and  never  returned  with  either  money  or  types.  During  Gen.  Price's 
raid  in  1864,  the  paper  was  stopped,  and  the  types  all  knocked  into  pi  by 
guerrillas. 

In  April,  1865,  Col.  Casper  Gruber  bought  the  material,  and  on  the 
29th  he  issued  the  first  number  of  a  new  paper  called  the 


274  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Lafayette  Advertiser. — This  paper  was  edited  by  a  Rev.  Mr.  Craw- 
ford, a  Methodist  preacher,  although  his  name  did  not  appear.  Col.  Gru- 
ber's  name  stood  at  the  head  as  "proprietor  and  assistant  editor."  Some 
time  in  the  latter  part  of  1865,  the  paper  was  bought  by  Dr.  F.  Cooley 
and  Lewellyn  Davis;  Davis  became  its  editor,  and  they  changed  the 
name  to 

Missouri  Valley  Register :— In  1867,  Samuel  S.  Earle  bought  Dr. 
Cooley's  interest.  In  1868  Col.  Mark  L.  DeMotte  bought  out  Mr.  Earle. 
In  1869  Edwin  Turner,  brother-in-law  to  Mr.  Earle,  bought  out  Mr. 
Davis.  During  the  state  election  campaign  of  1872,  the  Register  being 
the  republican  paper  and  the  Intelligencer  (edited  by  L.  W.  Groves),  the 
democratic  paper,  very  sharp  personalities  were  indulged  in  by  the  edi- 
tors on  both  sides.  This  resulted  in  personal  exchange  of  harsh  words 
between  Mr.  Turner  and  Mr.  Groves  when  they  met;  and  finally  Edwin 
Turner  shot  Groves  and  instantly  killed  him,  at  the  corner  of  Laurel  and 
North  streets,  on  November  8th,  1872.  Turner  immediately  gave  him- 
self up  to  the  sheriff,  Mr.  Taubman,  and  was  taken  to  Kansas  City  for 
confinement,  from  fear  that  Groves'  friends  would  break  into  the  jail  and 
lynch  Turner  if  he  was  kept  at  Lexington.  By  change  of  venue  his  trial 
was  had  at  Kansas  City;  and  after  lying  in  jail  there  thirteen  months  he 
was  finally  acquitted  on  the  ground  of  self  defense,  the  testimony  of  Dr. 
J.  F.  Atkinson  and  others  showing  that  Groves  had  a  cocked  pistol  in  his 
hand  when  he  fell.*  Edwin  Turner  still  owns  a  half  interest  in  the  prin- 
ting office.  DeMotte  &  Turner  dropped  the  words  "Missouri  Valley" 
from  the  name  of  the  paper,  and  called  it  Lexington  Register ',  the  name  it 
still  bears.  In  1874  Henry  W.  Turner  bought  Col.  DeMotte's  interest 
although  the  latter  continued  as  editor  until  1877.  During  the  winter  of 
1874_5  the  office  was  burned  out,  losing  everything;  but  the  paper  did 
not  miss  an  issue.  Two  numbers  were  printed  at  The  Caucasian  office, 
and  by  that  time  new  material  had  been  obtained  and  they  went  ahead  in 
their  own  office  again.  After  Col.  DeMotte  left,  in  1877,  the  paper  was 
edited  by  Edwin  Turner  and  Cam.  B.  Wilson,  until  August,  1881,  when 
W.  G.  Phetzing  took  the  editorial  chair.  The  paper  has  .always  been 
straight  republican  in  politics.  H.  W.  Turner,  one  of  its  proprietors,  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  Lexington,  in  April,  1877,  and  was  reappointed 

in  June,  1881. 

The  Lexington  Intelligencer,  the  organ  of  the  democracy,  was  estab- 
lished in  April,  1871,  and  was  founded  by  Judge  William  Young,  John 
T.  Smith  and  R.  B.  Vaughan,  with  the  first  named  as  its  editor.     Sooi 
after  its  commencement  Lafayette  W.  Groves  bought  out  Smith  and  sue 
ceed  to  the  editorship,  which  position  he  filled  until  his  tragic  death,  in 

*The  court  proceedings  and  testimony  of  witnesses  were  all  published  entire  in  the  Kan- 
sas City  papers  at  the  time. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  275 

November,  1872.  During  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  John  S.  Davis  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  paper  and  became  its  publisher,  it  being  edited 
successively,  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Groves,  by  Michael  A.  Steele  and 
Henry  L.  Haynes,  until  its  consolidation  with  the  Caucasian,  as  previously 
stated,  in  1S75.  The  paper  is  now  owned  by  the  corporation  known  as 
the  "Intelligencer  Printing  Company,"  managed  by  Ethan  Allen  and  W. 
G.  Musgrove,  Jr.  Since  the  consolidation.  Capt.  A.  A.  Lesueur  has  filled 
the  editorial  chair  of  the  Intelligencer.  In  1879  Capt.  Lesueur  was  elected 
to  the  state  legislature  from  Lafayette  county,  and  at  this  writing  is  still 
the  incumbent.  In  May,  1881,  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  state  press 
association,  the  most  honorable  position  known  to  the  newspaper  frater- 
nity of  Missouri.  Under  his  management  the  Intelligencer  has  won  the 
reputation  of  being  the  best  local  weekly  newspaper  in  the  state.  The 
office  is  supplied  with  one  Cincinnati  cylinder  newspaper  press  and  two 
Gordon  jobbers,  all  run  by  steam.  The  origial  cost  of  their  printing 
establishment  as  it  now  stands  was  $15,000. 

The  Aullville  Times  made  its  appearance  in  1870,  edited  by  W.  H.  Win- 
frey, but  soon  ran  its  brief  career  of  a  year.  No  other  particulars 
obtained. 

The  Missouri  Thalbote,  a  German  newspaper,  was  established  in  Lex- 
ington in  April,  1871,  by  Wm.  P.  Beck.  It  was  at  first  edited  and  then 
owned  by  R.  Willibald,  Willibald  and  John  G.  Fisher,  and  afterward  by 
Egid  Kist.  Mr.  Kist  was  succeed  in  the  proprietorship  by  Daniel  Schle- 
gal,  who  in  turn  sold  out  to  Albert  AlthofF,  who  subsequently  removed 
the  paper  to  Concordia,  where  he  is  still  publishing  it.  The  paper  was 
originally  independent  in  politics,  but  afterwards  became  republican,  and 
so  continues. 

The  Dispatch. — Messrs.  Jack  Williams,  Ed.  Bowman  and  Cam.  B.  Wil- 
son conducted  with  success,  in  1873,  a  sprightly  little  daily,  named  as 
above,  which,  however,  succumbed  to  the  great  financial  panic  of  that 
year. 

The  Lafayette  County  Advance  was  established  at  Higginsville  July  9, 
1879,  by  George  E.  King,  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  for  the  first  year  was 
conducted  by  Wm.  P.  King  and  H.  H.  Luce.  It  was  then  purchased  by 
H.  H.  Luce  and  Frank  L.  Houx,  who  conducted  the  business  about  four 
months.  Houx's  interest  was  then  bought  by  Mrs.  Frances  M.  Venable,  of 
Savannah,  Mo.,  the  mother  of  H.  H.  Luce,  and  is  now  owned  by  them 
jointly  and  conducted  by  Mr.  Luce  under  the  name  of  the  "Advance 
Printing  Company."  The  paper  is  democratic  in  politics,  but  more  espec- 
ially devoted  to  the  local  interests  of  Higginsville  and  Lafayette  county. 

Odessa  Herald. — Nov.  13,  1880,  the  first  number  of  this  paper  was 
issued  by  D.  Reddington,  formerly  of  the  Mexico  Herald.  It  is  a  weekly 
local  paper  devoted  to  the  interests  of  Odessa  and  vicinity. 


276  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ITEMS    FROM    THE    FIRST    NEWSPAPER. 

The  first  newspaper  ever  printed  in  Lafayette  county  was  issued  in 
1840  by  C.  Patterson;  but  we  were  unable  to  find  any  copies  of  this  paper 
of  earlier  date  than  August  1,  1843.  By  the  kindness  of  Ethan  Allen,  Esq., 
of  the  Lexington  Intelligencer,  we  had  access  to  a  file  of  Mr.  Patterson's 
paper  ( The  Lexington  Express),  in  part  for  the  years  1843  and  1844. 
These  are  the  oldest  news  sheets  of  this  county  known  to  be  in  existence. 
They  are  well  filled  with  politics,  general  news,  miscellany  and  advertise- 
ments, but  are  very  meager  in  the  matter  of  local  items.  The  paper  was 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  old  Whig  party,  then  under  the  national 
leadership  of  Henry  Clay,  of  Kenmcky.  The  Democrats  had  no  paper 
of  their  own  in  the  county  then,  and  so  were  at  the  mercy  of  their  oppo- 
nents so  far  as  any  publication  of  their  views  was  concerned ;  but  there  is 
an  occasional  notice  of  their  meetings,  which  serves  to  show  at  least  that 
they  had  an  organization  in  the  county,  although  very  greatly  in  the 
minority.  This  Whig  paper  almost  unvaryingly  calls  them  by  their  bur- 
lesque nickname  of  the  time,  "Locofoco." 

We  have  gleaned  from  these  old  papers  such  items  as  have  a  local  his- 
toric interest  for  citizens  of  this  city  and  county;  arranging  them  in  the 
order  of  their  date  of  publication : 

August  /,  184.3. — "The  steamboat  Edna  arrived  here*  yesterday,  in  2 
days,  15  hours  and  30  minutes  from  St.  Louis,  including  all  stoppages  for 
wood,  to  discharge  freight,  etc.  This  is  the  quickest  trip  ever  made  by  a 
steamboat  from  St.  Louis  to  Lexington,  if  we  remember  correctly." 

"On  the  Fourth  of  July,  at  Harrison ville,  Van  Buren  county,  Judge 
Ryland  addressed  the  temperance  society.  At  the  close  of  the  address, 
65  persons  subscribed  the  pledge,  and  during  that  evening,  5  others; 
making  in  all,  70  persons,  which  added  to  the  society  of  that  county, 
makes  the  number  about  200.  A  good  4th  of  July  movement,  this.  A 
temperance  society  was  organized  at  Clinton,  Henry  county,  during  the 
last  circuit  court.  Rev.  Wm.  Horn  addressed  the  meeting.  Judge 
Ryland  also  added  a  few  remarks,  after  which  84  persons  signed  the 
pledge.     Let  the  good  cause  advance." 

At  a  Whig  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July,  1843,  there  were  13 
toasts  given,  from  which  we  take  the  following: 

3d — The  Union — When  time  is  wound  up,  then,  and  not  till  then,  may 
its  days  be  numbered. 

9th —  Tom  Benton — In  politics  about  a  match  for  Joe  Smith  in  religion 

11th — The  Town  of  Lexington — Nature  has  done  her  part — let  the 
citizens  do  theirs,  and  be  satisfied  with  the  Dutchman's  one  per  cent 
instead  of  two. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  277 

12th — Our  County — Rich,  beautiful  and  healthy — the  asparagus  bed  of 
Upper  Missouri. 

13th —  Woman — The  jack-screw  of  creation. 

August  8,  184.3. — The  population  of  Lexington,  at  the  present  time,  is 
computed  to  be  fully  2,000.  Some  think  it  is  more.  Every  boat  landing 
at  our  wharf  adds  its  quota  to  this  population.  The  accession  by  immi- 
gration, and  otherwise,  is  also  considerable.  We  have  no  doubt  but  that 
one  hundred  dwelling  houses  could  be  rented  to  new  comers  between  this 
time  and  Christmas  if  they  were  erected.  Nearly  every  house  in  the  town, 
suitable  for  a  residence,  is  now  occupied  and  more  demanded.  Improve- 
ments in  the  way  of  building,  we  are  pleased  to  say,  are  progressing 
finely,  if  we  take  into  consideration  the  tightness  of  the  times.  Thirty  or 
forty  buildings  (ware-houses,  stores,  shops  and  residences),  it  is  calculated 
will  be  erected  here  during  the  present  year.  Some  of  them  are  already 
completed,  others  under  way  and  others  under  contract. 

We  copy  the  following  from  the  same  issue  as  an  illustration  of  the  jokes 
the  whigs  had  on  the  democrats: 

"  A  gentleman  traveling  in  the  interior  of  our  state,  fell  in  with  a  rip- 
roarer  from  one  of  the  wolf-scalping  counties,  and  commenced  discussing 
politics  with  him.  He  inquired  who  he  was  in  favor  of  for  president? 
*  Why,'  says  wolf-scalp,  '  I  go  dead  for  democracy.'  '  Well,'  inquired  the 
stranger,  '  which  one  of  the  democracy?'  '  O,'  said  he,  'thar  ain't  but  one 
democracy,  and  that  thar's  Benton — he's  old  democracy;  the  other  you 
want  to  talk  about  is  spurious.  I  tell  you,  stranger,  thar  ain't  but  one 
genuine  democracy,  and  that's  the  old  gold-bug  of  Missouri;  he  hums  the 
right  tune  for  these  diggins.'  " 

August  22,  184.3. — The  Blue  River  Association  of  the  Baptist  church, 
commences  its  session  for  the  present  year  in  this  place  on  Saturday,  the 
9th  day  of  September. 

The  Presbytery  for  the  western  portion  of  this  state  will  meet  in  this 
place  on  Thursday  the  14th  day  of  September,  and  remain  in  session  four 
or  five  days. 

The  conference  of  the  Methodist  E.  Church  for  the  state  of  Missouri, 
will  convene  in  this  place  on  Wednesday,  the  27th  day  of  September  next. 

There  is  but  little  doubt  that  the  western  counties  of  this  state  are  now 
more  or  less  infested  with  horse  thieves.  The  horses,  as  soon  as  stolen, 
are  run  off  towards  Texas  and  Santa  Fe. 

September  3,  184^. — The  patent  hemp  brake,  owned  by  Mr.  Poyntz,  is 
now  fitted  up  in  this  place,  and  is  to  be  put  in  operation  every  Wednesday 
and  Saturday  afternoon,  if  the  days  are  fair,  for  the  inspection  of  the 
hemp-growers  of  upper  Missouri.  The  farmers  are  invited  to  come  in 
and  examine  said  machine. 

The  fourth  electoral  district  is  composed  of  the  counties  of  Jackson, 


278  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Lafayette,  Saline,  Cooper,  Miller,  Morgan,  Pettis,  Johnson,  Henry,  St. 
Clair,  Van  Buren  and  Bates. 

September  12,  184.3. — We  have  before  us  an  odd  specimen  of  a  beet  and 
potatoe  combined.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  Mercer  potatoe,  and  has  the 
color  and  smell  of  a  blood  beet.  It  had  no  top,  and  grew  in  a  hill  with 
beets  and  potatoes.  It  grew  in  the  garden  of  our  townsman,  Mr.  Thomas 
Asberry. 

The  St.  Charles  Advertiser  says:  "The  U.  S.  snag  boat,  "Sampson," 
has  passed  up  the  Missouri  river,  drawing  out  many  formidable  snags  on 
its  route.  It  is  a  magnificent  sight  to  see  this  river  monster  take  hold  of 
a  large  walnut  tree  six  feet  in  diameter  at  the  root  and  more  than  one 
hundred  feet  long,  and  fifty  or  sixty  feet  of  which  have  been  deeply 
imbedded  in  the  mud  for  five  hundred  years,  and  draw  it  out  with  more 
ease  than  a  dentist  extracts  a  tooth ;  yet,  such  is  its  daily  business.  The 
largest  sycamores,  walnuts  and  cottonwood  are  pulled  out,  sawed  and 
set  afloat  in  the  stream.  Many  large  trees  that  appear  to  have  been 
imbedded  for  many  hundred  years,  are  as  sound  as  when  they  first  fell. 
These  boats  should  be  kept  in  constant  operation." 

September  26,  1843. — The  clerks  of  the  steamers  Lexington,  John 
Aull,  and  lone,  are  each  entitled  to  our  thanks  for  late  papers  and  other 
favors. 

October  3,  184.3. — The  new  steamer,  Lexington,  arrived  at  our  landing 
on  the  24th  ult.  She  was  detained  several  weeks  on  her  way  from  Pitts- 
burg, by  the  extreme  low  stage  of  water  in  the  Ohio,  for  the  last  two 
months.  At  last,  however,  the  boat  effected  her  escape,  and  made  her 
way  westward  in  good  plight.  In  the  name  of  the  citizens  of  this  place, 
we  tender  to  Capt.  Littleton  their  thanks  for  the  compliment  he  has  con- 
ferred on  us,  by  giving  his  boat  the  name  of  our  town.  May  success 
attend  the  "Lexington,  Mo." 

November  ?,  1843,^- The  boats  arriving  at  our  wharf  from  the  Ohio 
river  are  crowded  with  emigrants  from  the  older  States,  all  seeking  a 
better  home  in  Missouri.  So  also  an  immense  immigration  overland 
passes  through  our  streets  everj'  day,  destined  for  western  Missouri.  Let 
them  come.  There  is  room  and  abundance  of  everything;  and  we  know 
that  they  will  add  greatly  to  the  whig  vote  in  November. 

We  copy  the  following  to  show  who  were  leading  citizens  and  partisans 
at  that  time: 

Pursuant  to  a  previous  notice,  a  large  number  of  the  whigs  of  Lafay- 
ette county  assembled  in  the  Christian  church  in  Lexington,  on  the  6th 
day  of  November,  1843,  for  the  purpose  of  appointing  delegates  to  the 
district  convention  for  the  4th  electoral  district  in  Missouri.  The  meeting 
was  organized  by  calling  Judge  Young  Ewing  to  the  chair,  and  appoint- 
ing C.  Patterson  secretary.     By  request,  Jno.  P.  Campbell,  Esq.,  arose 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  279 

and  explained  in  a  brief  but  eloquent  manner,  the  object  of  the  meeting,, 
urging  diligence  and  energy  among  its  members  and  the  friends  of  the 
whig  cause  throught  the  Slate  and  Union. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  James  Aull,  the  chair  appointed  a  committe  of  seven, 
one  from  each  municipal  township  of  the  county,  to  draft  a  preamble  and 
resolutions  expressive  of  the  sentiments  of  the  meeting  and  its  purposes. 
Whereupon  the  following  gentlemen  were  selected  by  the  chair  to  consti- 
tute said  committee,  viz:  James  Aull,  Wm.  Simpson,  Col.  T.  M.  Ewing, 
Strother  Renick,  A.  W.  Ridings,  W.  H.  Anderson,  and  B.  F.  Tantis. 
On  motion,  J.  P.  Campbell,  Esq.,  was  added  to  the  committee. 
During  a  brief  absence  of  the  committee,  the  meeting  was  addressed 
by  E.  S.  Burden  and  P.  D.  Hockaday,  Esqs.,  and  Major  S.  T.  NeilL 
[Resolutions  omitted.] 

The  chair  appointed  the  following  gentlemen,  in  pursuance  of  the  res- 
olution above  reported  as  delegates  to  the  district  convention  to  be  held  in 
Warrensburg  on  the  20th  day  of  the  present  month,  viz: 

Clay  township — Col.  W.  Y.  C.  Ewing,  Strother  Renick,  Fountain 
Livesay,  James  Pearson,  Dr.  Wm.  Ward,  Peter  Wolfe,  Wm.  L.  Evans, 
Jas.  W.  Renick,  Judge  Nath.  Price,  John  D.  Richardson,  Reuben  E.  San- 
ders, and  Jas.  M.  Halloway. 

Lexington  township — John  P.  Campbell,  P.  D.  Hockaday,  Geo.  H. 
Gordon,  H.  Lightner,  C.  Patterson,  H.  C.  Boteler,  Jas.  Aull,  Wm.  Mus- 
grove,  Dr.  Letton,  B.  Sanders,  C.  Osborn,  H.  Smock,  and  on  motion  the 
chair  was  added  to  the  list. 

Dover  towship  —  Dr.  Jas.  Warren,  Geo.  W.  Hillman,  Dr.  J.  B.  Vivion, 
M.  W.  Obannon,  W.  Hall,  John  G.  Ridge,  Thos.  J.  White,  John  Tearby, 
James  S.  Plattenburg,  and  A.  S.  Harris. 

Sniabar  township— James  Walton,  James  W.  Manion,  Alex.  Cheatham, 
Wm.  Bullard,  Archibald  Scott,  and  A.  W.  Ridings. 

Davis  township — James  Drummond,  S.  T.  Neill,  Joseph  H.  Bledsoe, 
Nathan  Corder,  Geo.  B.  Warren  and  Alfred  Nicholas. 

Freedom  township — W.  H.  Anderson,  John  Walker,  James  Atterburg, 
T.  J.  Hawkins,  A.  Hargrove,  and  H.  C.  Davis. 

Washington  township— Capt.  Wm.  Bryant,  Major  J.  H.  Fulkerson, 
Col.  Wm.  P.  Walton,  N.  W.  Letton,  Major  L.  H.  Renick,  and  Col.  T. 
M.  Ewing. 

On  motion  of  Col.  T.  M.  Ewing,  Messrs.  Jas.  Aull,  John  P.  Campbell, 
John  T.  Richardson,  Henry  C.  Boteler,  V.  Burgess,  and  Arnold  T.  Win- 
sor,  were  appointed  delegates  from  this  county  to  the  Young  Men's  Con- 
vention to  be  held  in  Baltimore  in  May  next. 

November  7,  184.3. — Distances  from  St.  Louis  to  places  on  the  Missouri 
River:  From  St.  Louis  to  Fine's  Landing,  (a  few  miles  above  the  present 
town  of  Waverly)  329;  Dover  Landing,  (about  two  miles  below  present 


280  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

town  of  Berlin)  334;  Lexington,  344;  Wellington,  350;  Wolfs  Landing, 
359;  Napoleon,  375. 

December  ip,  184.3. — The  annual  meeting  of  the  Lexington  Temperance 
Society,  will  be  held  on  the  25th  inst.,  (Christmas  Day,)  at  the  Baptist 
church  in  this  place.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Ligon  is  expected  to  address  the 
meeting. 

December  23,  184.3. — Last  Monday  about  100  wagons  came  into  this 
place,  loaded  with  the  produce  of  the  surrounding  country. 

Never,  since  we  have  noticed  the  seasons  and  their  changes,  has  a 
milder  and  more  agreeable  December  passed  over  our  heads — the  weather 
for  three  weeks  has  been  delightful.  The  sun,  to-day,  is  shining  bright 
and  clear,  and  under  foot  the  earth  is  dry  and  dusty.  How  long  this  fine 
weather  will  last  is  another  matter.  The  river  is  now  low,  but  we  think 
there  is  water  enough  for  the  smaller  boats. 

February  10,  1844. — Notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  citizens  of  the  north 
side  of  the  Missouri  River,  that  an  arrangement  has  been  entered  into 
with  the  Messrs.  Pomeroys,  of  the  Lexington  Ferry,  by  which  all  traders 
from  the  north  side,  together  with  their  produce  and  teams,  will  be  crossed 
and  recrossed  free  of  charge  for  twelve  months.  The  only  items  excluded 
under  this  contract,  are  fire  wood,  rails  and  loose  cattle. 

The  subject  of  debate  for  the  Lexington  Lyceum  next  Tuesday  even- 
ing, will  be:  "  Should  the  fine  imposed  on  Gen.  Jackson  by  Judge  Hall  at 
New  Orleans,  be  refunded."  The  ladies  and  gentlemen  are  respectfully 
invited  to  attend. 

April  6,  1844. — The  logs  for  the  "  Cabin  "  have  been  cut,  and  arrange- 
ments made  for  their  delivery  on  the  bank  on  the  upper  end  of  Water 
street.  Due  notice  will  be  given  of  the  "  raising."  Subscriptions  to  meet 
the  expenses  in  building  the  "  Cabin,"  making  the  "  Flag,"  and  procuring 
a  "  cannon,"  are  still  wanted.  [A  log  cabin  was  the  peculiar  emblem  of 
the  Whig  party]. — Historian. 

The  materials  for  the  new  Presbyterian  church  are  being  prepared,  and 
the  body  of  the  building  will  be  completed  during  the  coming  summer. 

Houses  are  now  in  demand,  and  we  know  of  no  point  on  the  Missouri 
where  capitalists  could  make  more  profitable  investments  in  the  line  of 
building.     Every  store,  house  and  dwelling  in  the  place  is  now  occupied. 

A  stage  passenger  yesterday  morning,  direct  from  Jefferson  City,  brings 
the  intelligence  that  the  Locofoco  Convention,  which  assembled  there  on 
the  1st,  have  nominated  John  C.  Edwards,  Esq.,  for  Governor,  and  Col. 
James  Young,  of  this  county,  for  Lieutenant-Governor. 

Last  week  upwards  of  $11,000  in  cash  was  paid  out  for  hemp  by  the 
merchants  of  this  place;  and  for  this  week  we  are  within  bounds  in  stat- 
ing that  $10,000  have  been  paid.     The  highest  notch  to  which  the  article 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  281 

has  gone  since  the  opening  of  navigation,  was  $3.50.      We  quote  for  this 
day,  a  good  article  of  hemp  at  $3.37i;  for  second  rate  $3.25. 

April  ij,  184.4.. — We  are  authorized  to  announce  Lillburn  W.  Bogg, 
Esq.,  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  Governor  of  the  State  or  Missouri,  at 
the  approaching  August  election. 

April  20,  1844. — We  stated  a  short  time  since,  that  a  deputation  from 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  Missouri,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  expected  to  visit  this 
place,  to  establish  a  lodge  of  the  Order,  &c.  This  duty,  we  understand, 
was  performed  on  last  Thursday  evening  by  William  S.  Stewart,  of  St. 
Louis,  Deputy  Grand  Sire  of  the  United  States  for  this  district. 

May  7,  184.4. — The  steamer  Western  Belle  lay  at  this  landing  all  day 
yesterday,  receiving  freight.  We  are  informed  that  between  120  and  130 
tons  of  hemp  were  shipped  on  board  of  her  to  St.  Louis  by  one  house. 

The  first  number  of  the  Harry  of  the  West  was  issued  last  Friday. 

The  new  steam  flouring  mill  recently  erected  in  this  place,  by  Messrs. 
"Waddell  and  Hudson,  we  understand,  will  commence  operation  about  the 
first  of  July.     The  mill  contains  four  run  of  French  burs. 

May  21,  1844. — The  steamer  Western  Belle  will  take  the  Lafayette 
county  delegation  to  St.  Louis  and  back,  and  board  while  in  St.  Louis,  for 
six  dollars  each,  the  boat  to  furnish  a  good  band  of  music  and  a  gun. 

The  army  worm  is  now  doing  much  damage  to  the  growing  crops  and 
gardens  in  this  vicinity.  They  are  very  severe  on  the  gardens  in  this 
place.  The  only  remedy  for  them  is  a  change  of  weather;  dry  weather 
and  a  warm  sun  will  destroy  them.  Much  hemp  will  have  to  be  resown 
and  corn  replanted. 

May  28,  1844. — MR-  Patterson:  Please  publish  the  following  list  of 
names  of  the  ladies  who  subscribed  to  the  Whig  Banner:  Mesdames  L. 
Stratton,  Boulware,  E.  Bullard,  Bliss,  Alvin  Chadwick,  George  Thomas, 
Eliza  Robinson,  E.  Wiley,  Russell,  Andsrson,  Bennett,  Whelan,  H.  Chad- 
wick, Martha  Royle,  Fitzpatrick,  Fall,  Stone,  Ligon,  Aull,  Henderson,  A. 
Mundy,  R.  H  Renick,  Lucinda  Day,  M.  Soister,  Silver,  N.  Waddell,  B. 
G.  Chinn,  M.  M.  Hockiday,  Warren,  Wentworth,  J.  P.  Bowman,  S.  P. 
Patterson,  M.  Spratt,  Mary  Gaunt,  Georgietta  Gaunt,  Locke,  E.  C.  Wal- 
lace, Mary  Donohoe,  Catlett,  Sawyer,  M.  B.  Waddell,  Asbury,  Mary 
Stone,  Abigail  Warder,  Ellen  Waddell,  Sarah  Jones,  M.  B.  Williams, 
Pomeroy,  Susan  Waddell,  H.  Bledsoe,  Misses  J.  Hale,  Elizabeth  Aull,  C. 
Wilson,  K.  M.  Renick,  E.  A.  Waddell,  M.  A.  Buckner,  A.  G.  Wallace, 
M.  Royce,  S.  S.  Blackwell,  Lavina  Letton,  Ann  Asbury,  Scott,  Mary 
Livesay. 

yum  4,  1844. — We  are  pleased  to  say  that  several  new  buildings  are 
now  under  way  in  this  place.  We  hope  the  improvements  will  advance 
sufficiently  to  supply  the  demand  for  houses. 

Lexington  races — Second  Day —Two  mile  heats;  purse,  $200,  won  by 


282  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

James  Shy's  gr.  c.  Billy  Tonson,  four  years  old,  by  Mons.  Tonson,  beat- 
ing Wendover,  by  Medoc,  Magdalen,  by  Medoc,  Isola,  by  Bertrand,  and 
distancing  three  others.     Time,  3:58,  3:53£ 

Third  Day — Mile  heats ;  won  by  Farris'  ch.  f .  Liz.  Tillett,  three  years 
old,  by  Frank,  beating  b.  c,  by  Gray  Eagle.     Time,  1 :51,  1:54^. 

Fourth  Day — Two  mile  heats;  sweepstakes,  $50  entrance;  silver 
pitcher,  valued  at  $50,  added.  Won  by  J.  R.  Smith's  ch.  c.  Gold  Eagle, 
beating  Edward  Eagle,  by  Grey  Eagle,  and  distancing  two  others.  Time, 
3:58,  3:50. 

June  ii,  184.4.. — [This  paper  contains  an  account  of  a  grand  rally  of  all 
the  Clay  clubs  in  the  state  at  St.  Louis,  on  June  4,  1844.  It  was  the 
grandest  thing  of  the  kind  that  had  ever  been  held  in  the  state  up  to  that 
time.  Twenty-one  organizations  with  banners  took  part  in  the  proces- 
sion. The  St.  Louis  Republican  has  this  to  say  of  the  Lafayette  county 
club's  banner:  "  This  banner  is  deserving  of  more  than  a  passing  notice. 
It  was  worked  by  the  fair  ladies  of  Lexington,  and  by  them  presented  to 
the  club,  who  bore  it  in  the  procession.  The  whole  banner  was  got  up 
with  a  taste  characteristic  of  their  ladies,  and  their  handiwork  in  this,  as  in 
«very  similar  case,  bore  off  the  palm.  The  Lexington  Banner  was  unan- 
imously pronounced  the  most  beautiful  in  the  procession." 


EVENTS  AND  INCIDENTS  BY  YEARS. 

LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  IN  1837. 

Wetmore's  Gazetted-  of  Missouri  was  published  in  1837,  (printed  by 
Harper  &  Brothers,  N.  Y.,)  and  it  contains  some  items  of  historic  interest 
for  Lafayette  county  which  we  quote.  / 

"Five  saw  mills  and  five  gristmills  are  driven  by  water  power,  in  the 
county  of  Lafayette."  The  region  about  Dover  village  was  called  Tare 
Bean  (beautiful  land)  grove;  in  this  grove  was  a  grist  mill  driven  by  the 
water  from  a  large  spring,  but  owner's  name  is  not  given.  At  Lexington 
there  was  a  United  States  land  office,  and  the  author  further  says: 

Lexington  is  one  of  the  towns  from  which  outfits  are  made  in  mer- 
chandise, mules,  oxen,  and  wagons  for  the  Santa  Fe  or  New  Mexico 
trade.  The  fur  traders  who  pass  to  the  mountain  by  land  make  this  town 
a  place  of  rendezvous,  and  frequently  are  going  out  and  coming  in  with 
their  wagons  and  packed  mules,  at  the  same  period  of  going  and  coming 
that  is  chosen  by  the  Mexican  traders.  Lexington  is  therefore,  occasion- 
ally, a  thoroughfare  of  traders  of  great  enterprise,  and  caravans  of  infinite 
value.  The  dress  and  arms  of  the  traders,  trappers,  and  hunters  of  these 
caravans,  and  caparison  of  the  horses  and  mules  they  ride,  present  as 
great  diversity  as  the  general  resurrection  itself  of  all  nations  and  ages  can 
promise  for  the  speculations  of  the  curious. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  283 

Wetmore's  book  contained  a  table  of  the  population  of  the  state  by 
counties,  from  which  we  quote: 

Lafayette  county  population  in  1821,  1340;  1830,  2912;  1836,  4683. 

Lexington  is  given  as  319  miles  bv  river  from  St.  Louis.  Fine's  Land- 
ing  (in  Lafavette  county,)  is  put  at  15  miles  below  Lexington.  There 
were  at  this  time  only  three  postoffices  in  the  county: 

Lexington,  James  Aull,  postmaster;  Dover,  Benjamin  F.  Yates,  post- 
master; Pleasant  Grove,  W.  H.  Ewing,  postmaster. 

LAFAYETTE    COUNTY     IN    THE    MEXICAN    vVAR — 1846. 

In  May,  1846,  a  company  was  formed  at  Lexington  to  join  Col.  Doni- 
phan's regiment,  and  was  mustered  as  company  B.  The  following  were 
the  men  from  Lafayette  county,  and  their  present  locations  are  as  follows:    \ 

Capt.  William  Walton,  deceased;  1st  Lieut.,  Booth  Barnett,  deceased; 

2d  Lieut., Kirkpatrick,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Sacramento;  1st  Ser., 

Thomas  Hinkel,  unknown;  H.  J.  Mallory,  lives  in  Dover  township;  G.  W. 
Vivion,  lives  in  Davis  township,  at  Higginsville;  Baxter  D.  Kavanagh, 
lives  in  ray  county;  Isaac  Braden,  lives  in  Clay  township;  George  King, 
deceased;  John  Boykakin,  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Bracito;  John  Ridge, 
deceased;  Wm.  Osborn,  deceased;  B.  W.  Coffee,  deceased;  Jacob  Ridge, 
deceased;  Wm.  Cromwell,  lives  at  Fort  Worth,  Texas;  Upton  Winsor, 
deceased;  Jere  Bear,  lives  in  Kansas  City;  John  Musick,  deceased;  W.  B. 
Tyrce,  deceased;  H.  M.  Bledsoe,  lives  in  Cass  county,  was  commander  of 
"Bledsoe's  Battery,"  so  famous  in  the-late  war;  Wm.  Nelson,  lives  in  Car- 
roll county;  Joseph  Chinn,  jailor  at  Lexington;  Buck  Chinn,  deceased; 
Alex.  Green,  resides  in  Saline  county;  Daniel  Horn,  deceased;  Thomas 
Hughes,  deceased;  John  McDougal,now  resides  in  Dover  township;  Wm. 
Hale,  lives  at  Lexington ;  Wm.  Chancellor,  lives  at  Lexington. 

Col.  Doniphan's  command  consisted  of  1,000  mounted  men;  they 
marched  over  land  from  Fort  Leavenworth,  by  the  way  of  Sante  Fe,  to 
the  city  of  Mexico.  They  took  with  them  quite  a  number  of  cattle  and 
sheep.  The  Indians  kept  up  a  continuous  raid  upon  them  to  get  posses- 
sion ol  their  stock,  and  at  one  time  stole  away  1,000  sheep;  they  pursued 
the  Indians  for  three  days,  but  failed  to  recover  the  mutton.  They  were 
at  the  battles  of  Bracito  and  Sacramento,  and  numerous  skirmishes  on  the 
march.  At  the  battle  of  Sacramento  a  Major  Campbell  of  Lafayette 
county  was  with  them,  though  not  belonging  to  any  command.  He 
appears  to  have  been  in  Mexico  on  some  trading  enterprise.  Col.  Doni- 
phan's regiment  received  very  high  praise  from  Gen.  Taylor,  and  also 
from  Gen.  Wool  for  its  gallant  action  and  brilliant  success  at  Sacramento, 
part  of  which  of  course  belonged  to  our  Lafayette  men.  [See  article 
headed  "Lafayette  men's  first  battle,"  1861,  for  an  account  of  a  famous 
cannon  captured  at  Sacramento  by  Col.  Doniphan.]     There  was  a  com- 


284  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

pany  of  ninety  men  from  Saline  county.  When  the  regiment's  time  (one 
year)  was  out,  a  detail  was  made  of  three  men  from  each  company,  30  in 
all,  to  bring  back  their  horses,  numbering  about  700,  over  land  from 
Camargo  to  Missouri,  while  the  rest  took  steamboat  at  New  Orleans, 
where  they  were  mustered  out,  and  came  up  the  river.  The  Lafayette 
men  who  came  over  land  with  the  horses,  were  Vivion,  Braden  and  Kav- 

anaugh. 

James  Aull  of  Lexington  went  out  with  Col.  Doniphan's  regiment,  not 
in  the  capacity  of  sutler,  as  has  been  believed  by  many,  but  merely  as  a 
private  trader.  While  the  troops  were  at  Chihuahua  (pronounced  she- 
wah-waJi)  he  opened  a  store;  and  when  the}^  moved  on  to  join  Gen.  Tay- 
lor the  Lexington  men  advised  Mr.  Aull  not  to  stay  back  there  alone,  for 
the  Mexicans  would  kill  him;  but  he  decided  to  take  the  risk,  and  did 
stay,  and  in  a  short  time  the  Mexicans  did  kill  him.  This  was  in  the 
spring  of  1847. 

events  in  1847. 

February  3,  1847,  John  F.  Ryland,  Street  Hale,  Wm.  T.  Wood,  Hen- 
derson Young,  Wm.  Early  and  James  Crump  were  appointed  commis- 
sioners to  propose  a  plan  for  a  new  court  house  to  be  erected  in  the  city 
of  Lexington. 

February  2,  1847,  John  Payne  was  appointed  overseer  for  a  road  in 
Freedom  and  Davis  townships,  commencing  at  Christopher  Mulky's  sign 
board,  and  running  by  Nathan  Corder's  saw  mill,  and  intersecting  the 
salt  works  road  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Wm.  C.  Barns'  farm.  This 
shows  the  rude  style  of  waymarks  and  boundaries  at  that  time. 

The  following  item  will  have  a  historic  interest  to  the  younger  class 
now,  and  to  future  citizens  of  the  county:  January  4,  1847,  the  county 
court  makes  this  record:  "  Now  at  this  day  comes  Harriet,  a  free  mulatto 
woman,  wife  of  Henry  Dorsey,  a  free  mulatto  man,  and  makes  applica- 
tion to  the  court  here  for  a  license  to  reside  within  this  state;  and  it  appear- 
ing to  the  satisfaction  of  the  court  here,  that  said  Harriet  is  of  the  class  of 
persons  who  may  obtain  such  license.  It  is  therefore  ordered  that  a 
license  be  issued  authorizing  the  said  Harriet,  (aged  about  32  years,  five 
feet  and  one  inch  high,  with  a  scar  in  the  palm  of  the  left  hand,)  and  also 
the  two  children  of  the  said  Harriet  and  said  Henry  Dorsey,  to-wit: 
Charlotte  Ann,  aged  about  13  years,  and  Ellen  Chester,  4  years  old,  to 
reside  within  this  state  as  long  as  she,  the  said  Harriet  shall  be  of  good 
behavior,  and  no  longer.  " 

STEAMBOAT    EXPLOSION — 1851. 

The  river  was  high,  a  good  deal  of  ice  floating,  and  the  steamboat 
"  Saluda,"  with  a  heavy  load  of  freight  and  crowded  with  Mormon  emi- 
grant passengers,  had  tried  in  vain  for  two  or  three  days  to  stem  the  cur- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  285 

rent  and  get  away  from  Lexington.  On  Friday,  April  9th,  the  captain 
determined  to  make  another  desperate  effort  to  go  on  up  the  river,  and 
ordered  an  extra  pressure  of  steam  to  be  carried.  About  9  o'clock  the 
signal  was  given  to  start,  and  at  the  second  revolution  of  the  wheel  both 
boilers  burst  at  once,  blowing  the  boat  all  to  slivers  forward  of  the  wheel- 
house,  so  that  she  sunk  immediately.  The  captain  and  clerk  were  blown 
half  way  up  the  bluff,  and  two  pilots  as  far  the  other  way  out  into  the 
river  and  instantly  killed.  The  boat's  iron  safe,  weighing  about  six  hun- 
dred pounds,  with  a  dog  chained  to  it,  was  thrown  clear  over  the  levee 
warehouse  and  part  way  up  the  bluff.  Eighty-three  persons  were  buried 
at  Lexington  from  this  wreck,  and  it  was  never  known  how  many  more 
bodies  were  lost  in  the  river. 

EVENTS  in   1856. 

This'  was  the  historic  year  of  the  Kansas  troubles,  which  form  a 
marked  period  in  Lafayette  county  history.  In  August  of  this  year,  a 
handbill,  headed  "  War  in  Kansas,"  and  calling  a  meeting  of  citizens  of 
Lafayette  county  at  Lexington,  August  20,  1856,  was  widely  circulated. 
It  contained  about  one  and  a  half  coumns  of  ordinary  newspaper  matter, 
reciting  many  bad  things  the  abolitionists  were  reported  to  have  done  in 
Kansas;  and  then  made  a  strong  appeal  for  volunteers,  from  which  we 
quote: 

Now,  men  of  Lafayette,  what  will  you  do?  Will  you  stand  still  and  see 
the  enemy  approach,  step  by  step,  until  he  stands  upon  your  door-sill  and 
finds  you  unarmed,  or  will  you  go  out  to  meet  him,  and  drive  him  from 
your  soil.  We  have  stood  still  long  enough.  The  time  has  come  when 
we  must  do  something  to  protect  our  firesides.  *  *.  We  must  have 
men  to  go  to  the  territorv  immediately,  or  all  will  be  lost.  The  intention  of 
the  abolitionist  is  to  drive  us  from  the  territory  and  carry  the  next  election 
and  get  possession  of  the  reins  of  government.  This  we  must  not  sub- 
mit to.  If  we  do,  Kansas  is  lost  to  the  south  forever,  and  our  slaves  in 
upper  Missouri  will  be  useless  to  us,  and  our  homes  must  be  given  up  to 
the  abolition  enemy.  Come,  then,  to  the  rescue!  Up,  men  of  Lafyette! 
Meet  at  Lexington  on  Wednesday,  at  12  o'clock,  August  20.  Bring  your 
horses  with  you,  your  guns  and  your  clothing — all  ready  to  go  on  to 
Kansas.  *  *.  We  want  two  hundred  to  three  hundred  men  from  this 
county.  Jackson,  Johnson,  Platte,  Clay,  Ray,  Saline,  Carroll,  and  other 
counties  are  now  acting  in  this  matter.  All  of  them  will  send  up  a  com- 
pany of  men,  and  there  will  be  a  concert  of  action.  New  Santa  Fe,  in 
Jackson  county,  will  be  the  place  of  rendezvous  for  the  whole  crowd,  and 
our  motto  this  time  will  be  'no  quarter;'  etc.,  etc. 

This  was  signed  by  twelve  well  known  citizens.  The  meeting  was 
held,  and  a  company  sent.  This  is  a  historic  incident  which  shows  the 
feeling  and  action  of  Lafayette  county  at  that  time;  a  copy  of  the  original 
handbill  referred  to  being  before  us.     Persons  wishing  to  investigate  the 

F 


286  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

subject  further,  in  its  political  relations  and  aspects,  will  find  the  pro- 
slavery  or  southern  view,  in  Pollard's  "  Lost  Cause"  chapter  IV;  the 
anti-slavery  or  northern  view,  in  Greeley's  "  American  Conflict"  Vol.  1, 
chapter  XVII;  the  Missouri  statesman's  view,  in  Col.  Benton's  "  Thirty 
years  in  the  United  States  Senate"  Vol.  II. 

ASSESSMENTS    FOR   BUSHWHACKER    DAMAGES — 1862. 

It  would  take  a  volume  by  itself  to  give  all  the  official  orders,  proclama- 
tions, and  other  public  documents  affecting  Lafayette  county,  during  the 
war  time.  But  a  few  pertinent  extracts  will  serve  to  show  some  impor- 
tant features  of  the  situation.  On  June  23,  1862,  Gen.  Schofield  issued 
his  general  order  No.  3,  from  which  we  quote: 

II.  The  sum  of  $5,000  for  every  soldier  or  union  citizen  killed;  from 
$1,000  to  $5,000  for  every  one  wounded;  and  the  full  value  of  all  prop- 
erty destroyed  or  stolen,  by  guerrillas,  will  be  assessed  and  collected  from 
the  rebels  and  rebel  sympathizers  residing  in  the  vicinity  of  the  place  where 
the  act  is  committed. 

The  order  provided  that  the  money  collected  in  such  cases  should  be 
paid  to  the  legal  heirs,  or  els^  the  person  suffering  the  injury  or  loss. 
Also,  that  division  commanders  should  appoint  a  civil  board  in  each 
county,  to  "  consist  of  not  less  than  three  members,  who  will  be  selected 
from  the  most  respectable  and  reliable  citizens  of  the  county,  who  will 
take  an  oath  to  discharge  faithfully  and  impartially  all  the  duties  required 
of  them  by  this  order."  Then  each  board  must  "  proceed  to  enroll  all 
the  residents  and  property-holders  of  the  county  who  have  actively  aided 
or  encouraged  the  present  rebellion."  If  an  assessment  was  made,  and 
not  paid  within  the  time  allowed  by  the  board,  then  property  was  to  be 
seized  and  sold  till  the  amount  was  realized.     Another  paragraph  said: 

In  making  an  assessment  of  damages,  the  Board  will  be  governed  by 
the  wealth  of  an  individual,  and  his  known  activity  in  aiding  the  rebellion 
— particularly  in  countenancing  and  encouraging  guerrillas,  robbers,  and 
plunderers  of  the  loyal  people.  Each  county  Board  will  keep  an  accurate 
record  of  its  proceedings,  and  will  send  a  duly  certified  copy  of  each  case 
to  District  Headquarters. 

It  was  more  than  a  month  after  Gen.  Schofield  had  issued  the  above 
order  before  it  was  enforced  in  Lafayette  county.  This  county  was  then 
embraced  in  the  Central  Division,  under  Gen.  Totten,  with  headquarters 
at  Jefferson  City.  And  on  Aug.  6th  he  issued  ;'  Special  Orders  No.  140," 
in  which  he  said:  "The  following  named  gentlemen,  citizens  of  Lafayette 
county,  are  appointed  and  hereby  announced  as  the  '  County  Board  '  for 
said  county,  to  wit.:  R.  C.  Vaughan,  Wm.  Spratt, Eldridge  Burden,  John 
F.  Neill,  John  F.  Eneberg."  They  were  required  immediately  to  "  meet 
in  Lexington  and  organize  for  business."  And  all  officers  and  soldiers, 
whether  of  U.  S.   army  or  state   militia,  were  "  ordered  to  render  said 


HISTORY    OF     LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  287 

Board  protection  and  assistance  in  the  execution  of  their  duties,  whenever 
and  wherever  called  upon." 

At  that  time  Col.  Dan.  Huston,  Jr.,  was  in  command  of  Lexington  post; 
and, on  August  Sth  he  issued  his  "  General  Orders  No.  13,"  saying:  "  All 
persons  in  the  county  of  Lafayette  who  have  suffered  any  loss  of  property, 
or  injury  to  person,  since  the  date  of  said  Orders,  (Gen.  Schofield's  Order 
No.  3,  above  cited,)  or  may  hereafter  sustain  injury  or  loss  of  property, 
are  hereby  notified  to  report  the  circumstances  of  their  several  cases  to 
these  headquarters,  in  order  that  assessments  may  be  made  to  indemnify 
them." 

The  next  day,  August  9th,  the  county  Board  published  a  card,  with 
their  names  signed  to  it,  announcing  their  appointment  as  such  Board,  and 
that  they  intended  "  promptly  and  fearlessly  to  discharge  their  duty 
without  favor  or  affection." 

May  6,  1862,  Capt.  N.  Cole,  then  commanding  Lexington  post,  had 
issued  a  circular,  composed  of  extracts  from  sundry  general  orders,  to 
show  the  people  what  the  military  were  authorized  or  required  to  do. 
From  this  document  we  quote  a  few  points:  "  Treasonable  language  is  to 
be  punished,  upon  trial  and  sentence  by  a  military  commission,  under  the 
charge  of  '  encouraging  rebellion  against  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  while  enjoying  its  protection.'  Neither  sex  nor  age  (after  the  age 
of  legal  responsibility)  will  be  overlooked.  All  must  be  taught  to  obey 
and  respect  the  laws  of  the  land,  or  submit  to  punishment  for  their  dis- 
loyalty, whether  it  consist  in  word,  act  or  deed."  Any  who  had  been  in 
arms  under  Gen.  Price  but  had  returned  to  their  homes,  were  required  to 
"  surrender  themselves  to  the  military  authority,  and  give  bonds  for  their 
future  loyal  conduct,  or  they  will  be  arrested  and  tried  as  spies,  being 
within  the  lines  of  our  army,  and  in  citizen's  dress;"  etc.,  etc.  (These 
were  from  Orders  issued  by  Gen.  Halleck.) 

June  18th,  Col.  Dan  Huston,  Jr.,  being  in  command  at  Lexington  at  this 
date,  issued  his  General  Orders  No.  9,  in  which  he  notifies  all  who  have 
been  in  arms  against  the  U.  S.  government,  to  report  themselves  to  the 
provost  marshal  and  take  the  oath  of  loyalty  and  give  bond  for  their 
future  good  conduct,  or  "  they  will  be  considered  as  spies,"  etc. 

And  he  says  further — 

"  III.  All  bushwhackers  or  guerrillas  taken  with  arms  in  their  hands  or 
without  arms,  will  be  shot  upon  the  spot  where  they  are  found.    Command- 
ing officers  are  strictly  enjoined  to  enforce  this  order  rigorously.  (General 
\  Orders  No.  18,  by  Gen.  Schofield,  May  29th.) 

The  bushwacker  devilment  had  been  carried  on  with  impunitv,  until  it 
had  become  an  absolute  necessity  for  the  government  authorities  to  out- 
law them,  and  the  soldiers  to  hunt  them  down  just  as  they  would  hunt 
ravenous  wild  beasts.     And  a  knowledge  of  the  above  and  similar  official 


288  histora   of  lafayette  county. 

orders  is  necessary  to  an  understanding  of  many  things  done  by  the  state 
militia  which  are  still  matters  of  bitter  remembrance  in   Lafayette  county. 

The  military  body  known  as  "enrolled  militia"  was  provided  to  secure 
an  organized  local  police  under  the  militia  laws  of  the  state,  for  prompt 
and  ready  action  against  the  bushwhackers  and  guerrillas.  General 
orders  No.  19,  issued  July  22,  1862,  said: 

"An  immediate  organization  of  all  the  militia  of  Missouri  is  hereby 
ordered,  for  the  fair-pose  of  exterminating  the  guerrillas  that  infest  the 
state."  Every  man,  subject  to  military  duty,  was  required  to  report  him- 
self, bringing  whatever  arms  he  had,  or  could  procure,  and  be  enrolled. 
And  it  was  ordered  that  "all  arms  and  ammunition  of  whatsoever  kind, 
and  wherever  founds  not  in  the  hands  of  the  loyal  militia,  will  be  taken 
possession  of  by  the  latter,  and  used  for  the  public  defense.  Those  who 
have  no  arms,  and  cannot  procure  them  in  the  above  manner,  will  be  sup- 
plied, as  quickly  as  possible,  by  the  ordnance  department." 

These  extracts  are  sufficient  to  show  the  animus  of  the  order,  which 
was  promulgated  by  Gen.  Schofield,  with  the  indosement  and  sanction  of 
the  governor,  H.  R.  Gamble.  In  Lafayette  county,  probably  not  one- 
third  of  the  population  was,  at  that  time,  on  the  union  side;  and  the  work- 
ing of  the  above  orders,  in  such  a  community,  can  be  readily  imagined. 
It  was  grim-visaged  war,  glaring  and  scowling,  at  every  man's  door. 

ENROLLED  MILITIA  PETITION — 1862. 

To  the  Honorable  the  County  Court  of  Lafayette  County : 

We,  the  undersigned  citizens  of  Lafayette  county,  most  respectfully  ask 
your  honorable  court  to  appropriate  a  reasonable  sum  out  of  any  money 
of  the  county  treasury,  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  purpose  of  pur- 
chasing suitable  clothing,  blankets,  etc.,  for  the  militia  who  have  or  may 
enroll  themselves  as  militiamen,  in  Lafayette  county,  under  the  late  order 
of  Gov.  Gamble: 

William  Spratt,  Franklin  Winkler,  Edgar  Youngs,  C.  B.  Shelton,  J.  J. 
Perdur,  Hillory  Simcox,  Jerry  Goodwin,  W.  S.  Payne,  D.  G.  Prigmore, 
James  B.  Johnson,  Benj.  Pointer,  Henry  Brockman,  W.  C.  Long,  Samuel 
Norris,  Samuel  Vanhook,  James  Ware,  Gilbert  Pointer,  B.  Whitworth, 
I.  M.  Hickman,  D.  Worthington,  William  Cain,  B.  H.  Wilson,  W.  H. 
Wert,  H.  M.  Simcock,  J.  M.  Gain,  William  Lake,  Uriah  Farrell,  J.  B. 
Taggart,  S.  G.  Wentworth,  R.  M.  Henderson,  H.  F.  Coolege,  John  F. 
Nielle,  James  L.  Pointer,  Samuel  J.  Drysdale,  William  H.  Meinecke, 
Frederick  Bruns,  G.  Brockmann,  L.  Shinkle,  S.  S.  Earle,  W.  L.  Hick- 
man, David  Tevis,  David  M.  Welborn,  J.  W.  Zeiler,  G.  Clayton,  John  E. 
Bascom,  R.  C.  Vaughn,  A.  Persiver,  S.  F.  Currie,  Harrison  Smith,  John 
R.  Runyon,  Street  Hale,  James  Hays,  J.  A.  Price,  Charles  Bergmaster, 
John  E.  Ryland,  C.  A.  Bussen,  William  H.  Davis,  M.  Morrison,  Thomas 
Adamsen,  Thomas  B.  Clagett,  John  B.  Alexander,  P.  W.  Whittlesey,  J. 
H.  Delap,  A.  Hoffuth,  E.  Burden,  William  Spratt,  John  F.  Neille,  Alex. 
Mitchell,  C.  H.  McPheeters,  Henry  Turner,  W.  H.  Bowen,  Oscar  V. 
Purdue,  J.  J.  McConicks,  W.  B.  Waddell,  John  Peffer,  E.  Winsor,  Thos. 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  289 

Wemwee,  Henry  A.  Self,  D.  Leny,  John  B.  Fleming,  E.  Stratton,  Strather 
Renick,  E.  W.  Carpenter,  W.  D.  Wainright,  S.  T.  Went  worth,  G.  M. 
Jaques,  S.  H.  Graham,  Frederick  Zeigler,  John  Kirkpatrick,  Washington 
Johnson,  D.  W.  B.  Lewis,  William  H.  Davis,  J.  A.  Price,  F.  Cooledge, 
James  W.  Waddle,  Jr. 

On  the  back  of  the  petition  the  following  note  is  written: 

"John  F.  Ryland*  says,  wait,  and  see  how  much  can  be  spared,  and  is 
needed.     Not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars  now." 

[This  paper  was  filed  August  6,  1862.] 

August  25,  1862,  the  county  court  passed  an  order  to  issue  $5,000  of 
county  bonds  at  10  per  cent,  interest,  to  "  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of 
blankets,  clothing,  tents,  etc.,  for  the  militia  companies  raised  and  to  be 
raised  in  the  said  county  of  Lafayette,  for  the  purpose  of  putting  down 
and  suppressing  the  inhuman  guerrilla  warfare  in  our  county  and  state." 
Jesse  Schofield,  one  of  the  county  judges,  was  appointed  agent  in  this 
matter. 

In  November  Judge  Schofield  reported  that  he  had  sold  the  bonds  at 
par,  and  used  the  money  as  follows: 

Two  bonds  of  $1,000  each  to  Farmers'  bank  of  Missouri.. $2,000. 00 

One  bond  to  Wm.  H.  Ewing  for 500.00 

One  bond  to  Christian  Catron  for 400 .00 

One  bond  to  John  Catron  for 300.00 

One  bond  to  S.  G.  Wentworth  for 500.00 

Three  bonds  to  Wm.  Cain,  two  for  $500  each  and  one  for 

$300 1,300.00 


Amount  of  bonds  sold  at  par $5,000 .  00 

CONTRA. 

Paid  out  for  blankets,  clothing,  etc.  (vouchers  filed) $4,794.33 

Expenses  to  St.  Louis  to  make  purchases ....!.... 35 .  25 

Discount  on  Farmers'  Bank  notes 103.43 


Total  expenditure $4,960.01 

Balance  on  hand 39 .  99 

Jesse  Schofield,  Agent. 
Lexington,  Mo.,  Nov.  j,  1862. 

The  balance  was  used  up  afterwards. 

events  in  1863. 
In  April,  1863,  Lieut.  Col.  King,  with  one  hundred  soldiers  from  Lex- 
ington Post,  killed  four  bushwhackers,  named  Joe  Fickel  (brother  of  the 
l  noted  Miss  Anna  Fickel),  Wagoner,  and  two  Wingates,  near  the  house 
.  of  Wm.  Holmes;  about  fifteen  miles  southwest  of  the  city  on  the  road  to 
"  Chapel  Hill.  Others  of  the  gang  escaped. 
\      *  Ryland  was  then  judge  of  the  circuit  court. 


^h( 


290  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

Sept.  9,  1863,  a  man  named  Carlyle,  one  of  Quantrell's  band,  who  had 
been  captured  after  the  massacre  at  Lawrence,  Kansas,  was  executed  by. 
the  military  at  Lexington,  Col.  B.  F.  Lazear  commanding. 

In  1863  Dr.  J.  F.  Atkinson  was  post  surgeon,  and  his  report  of  Nov. 
28  showed  40  sick  aud  wounded  in  hospital — then  known  as  the  "  Ander- 
son house,"  but  now  owned  by  Tilton  Davis,  Esq. 

Sept.  14,  1863,  an  order  was  promulgated  for  a  commutation  tax  on  all 
who  refused  to  serve  in  the  "enrolled  Missouri  Militia;"  and  the  order 
said:  "The  district  commander  shall  cause  all  such  persons  to  be  arrested 
without  delay,  and  require  them  to  perform  militia  duty  until  said  tax  is 
fully  discharged."  Brig.  Gen.  R.  C.  Vaughan,  of  Lexington,  was  then 
commanding  the  fifth  military  district,  E.  M.  M.,  which  included  Lafay- 
ette county,  and  M.  Chapman  was  his  adjutant. 

The  law  under  which  this  order  was  made  was  part  of  the  act  or  ordi- 
nance to  provide  for  the  issuance  and  ultimate  payment  of  the  union 
defense  bonds  of  Missouri;  and  many  of  our  citizens  had  promptly  paid 
the  tax  long  before  the  above  order  in  regard  to  delinquents  was  issued. 
The  Lexington  Union  of  June  6  says: 

The  following  persons  have  paid  their  exemption  fee  within  the  last 
week : 

James  P.  Reinhard $  30 .  05     A.  Brockman $30 .  00 

C.B.Russell 112.50     Henry  Koopman 30.50 

John  W.  White 56.00     Henry  Allers 30.00 

Gilbert  Jennings 81 .  20     Martin  Goodwin 31 .  50 

Charles  L.  Ewing 68.50     D.  J.  Walers 43.75 

A.  F.  Sheets 30.00     Thomas  R.  James 30.00 

A.J.Armstrong 30.00    John  Johnson 53.75 

T.  Brockman 36.25     L.B.Gordon 63.00 

J.  W.  Graddy 58.50     W.  H.  Grigsby 30.00 

Henry  Oetting 36.00     Daniel  Roberts 30.00 

We  did  not  find  any  other  reports  in  regard  to  this  matter. 

events  in  1864. 

On  Monday  evening,  February  22,  a  couple  of  Federal  soldiers,  going 
home  on  furlough,  stopped  for  the  night  at  Arthur  G.  Young's  house, 
five  miles  out  from  Lexington,  on  the  Sedalia  road.  About  ten  o'clock  in 
the  night,  five  bushwhackers  came  and  captured  these  two  men,  tied  their 
hands  behind  them,  took  them  out  into  a  field  and  shot  them.  One  was 
a  sick  old  man,  name  or  residence  not  known,  as  the  murderers  took  away 
all  money  and  papers  he  had.  They  had  shot  him  just  over  the  left  eye. 
The  other  man  was  Elzy  Sanders,  of  Independence,  Jackson  county,  who 
had  enlisted  in  the  6th  Kansas  Volunteers,  at  Westport,  Missouri,  in 
May,  1863.  The  bodies  were  brought  into  Lexington  and  buried  by  the 
military. 

The  following  incident  is  historic: 


history  of  lafayette  county.  291 

September  29,  1864. 
To  the  Commander  of  Post,  Lexington : 

We,  M.  L.  Belt  and  David  Pool,  commanding-  Confederate  forces, 
demand  an  immediate  surrender  of  the  city,  in  the  name  of  the  Confed- 
eracy. If  the  surrender  is  made,  citizens  and  their  property  will  be 
respected  and  all  soldiers  paroled.  If  it  is  not  made,  we  will  burn  the 
town,  and  kill  all  men  that  fire  upon  us.        » 

Respectfully, 

Belt  &  Pool. 

As  Belt  and  Pool  were  not  confederate  soldiers  in  the  regular  way, 
but  only  bushwhackers,  Lieut.  Shumate,  then  in  command  of  the  post, 
made  no  official  reply,  but  told  the  alarmed  citizens  to  "let  them  come  on, 
we're  ready  for  them!"  They  had  compelled  Mr.  Lewis  Smallwood  to 
bring  in  their  note.  Alarm  bells  were  immediately  rung  and  the  Home 
Guards  mustered  promptly  at  the  call.  The  bushwhackers  came  up 
Franklin  as  far  as  Oak  street,  but  were  met  and  driven  back  by  a  few 
men  under  command  of  Serg.  Stone  of  Co.  M.  1st  M.  S.  M.  One  bush- 
whacker was  shot  through  the  shoulder  and  another  had  his  horse  killed. 
They  robbed  Mr.  Kellerman's  store  in  Old  Town,  and  took  Mr.  Small- 
wood's  horse  from  him,  and  made  their  escape. 

August  10,  1864,  the  doctors  of  the  county  adopted  a  rule  to  increase 
their  charges  50  per  cent,  for  medicines  and  medical  services,  owing  to 
the  general  increase  of  prices.  It  may  be  interesting  to  see  who  were 
our  doctors  at  that  time,  and  here  is  the  list:  Wm.  T.  Lamkin,  M.  M. 
Robinson,  A.  B.  Hereford,  D.  K.  Murphy,  O.  F.  Renick,  B.  D.  Ragland, 
W.  H.  Ruffin,  J.  Bull,  J.  F.  Atkinson,  W.  P.  Boulware,  Geo.  W.  Love, 
J.  B.  Alexander,  F.  Cooley,  G.  W.  Young,  John  Vaughn,  T.  S.  Smith, 
S.  P.  Smith,  M.  Chapman,  Thomas  H.  Bolton. 

In  1864  Gen.  W.  S.  Rosecrans  passed  through  Lexington  on  his  way 
to  the  Little  Blue,  and  while  here  he  appointed  Dr.  Boulware  as  surgeon, 
in  charge  of  the  Federal  hospital,  in  the  Anderson  House,  Dr.  Atkinson 
being  then  on  duty  in  St.  Louis. 

TWO    WOMEN    CONSPIRATORS. 

The  Lexington  Union  of  February  27th,  1864,  contains  the  following 
bloody  incident: 

It  will  be  remembered  by  our  readers  that  some  time  in  December  last, 
Otho  Hinton,  a  noted  guerrilla  and  robber,  was  captured  at  Mrs.  Neill's, 
twelve  miles  from  this  city,  on  the  Sedalia  road.  Hinton  was  kept  closely 
guarded  with  ball  and  chain  attached,  until  last  Monday  night,  when  he 
was  killed  hy  his  guard.     The  facts  are  as  follows: 

Blount,  the  captain  of  the  band  of  guerrillas  to  which  Hinton  belonged, 
entered  into  a  conspiracy  with  Miss  Anna  Fickel,  daughter  of  Helvy  H. 
Fickel,  near  Greenton,  Mrs.  Ann  Reid,  of  this  city,  and  a  soldier  whom 
they  believed  they  had  bribed,  to  kill  the  guard  and  rescue  the  prisoner. 
The  soldier  was  to  have  it  so  arranged   that  the  prisoner,  at  precisely 


292  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

seven  o'clock,  on  Monday  evening,  would  be  at  Mrs.  Reid  s  house,  which 
is  near  the  college,  where  the  prisoners  are  kept,  under  the  pretext  of  get- 
ting his  supper;  the  soldier  of  course  to  be  ignorant  of  what  was  going 
on.  The  time  rolled  round,  and  prompt  to  the  moment,  Hinton,  under 
guard  of  Sergeant  Kinkead,  walked  down  to  Mrs.  Reid's,  where  every- 
thing was  arranged  as  had  been  preconcerted,  and  as  their  supposed 
accomplice  had  stated  it  would  be. 

The  signal  to  commence  and  plan  of  carrying  out  the  conspiracy  was  as 
follows:  At  precisely  seven  o'clock  Mrs.  Reid  was  to  step  into  another 
room,  when  Hinton  was  to  gather  up  his  ball  and  chain  and  propose  to 
his  guard  to  return  to  the  guard  house,  and  at  the  same  time  to  advance  to 
the  door,  open  it,  and  step  leisurely  out  and  to  one  side,  and  as  the  guard 
came  out  he  was  to  be  met  and  killed  by  Blount,  the  guerrilla,  and  John 
Burns,  a  member  of  Company  I,  5th  Prov.  Reg.  E.  M.  M.  They  were 
to  cut  the  guard's  throat  if  possible,  otherwise  to  shoot  him,  then  remove 
Hinton's  shackles,  and  take  him  away.  Mrs.  Reid,  at  the  appointed 
time,  stepped  into  the  adjoining  room.  Hinton  gathered  his  ball  and  chain 
and  proposed  to  return,  and  advanced  to  the  door,  but  no  sooner  had  he 
placed  his  hand  upon  the  latch  than  Sergeant  Kinkead  fired  and  killed 
him. 

The  soldier  who  disclosed  the  whole  plan  to  Lieut.  Kessinger,  the  com- 
mander of  the  post,  was  with  the  lieutenant  and  Captain  Johnson,  who, 
with  a  dozen  men  were  laying  in  ambush  one  hundred  yards  from  Mrs. 
Reid's  house,  waiting  for  the  approach  of  the  guerrillas.  In  a  few  min- 
utes after  Hinton  was  killed,  Burns  and  Blount  came  walking  up  instead 
of  being  on  horseback,  as  was  expected  they  would,  and  the  officers  sup- 
posing them  to  be  soldiers  and  ignorant  of  what  was  going  on,  halted 
them.  Burns  answered,  "  I  am  a  friend."  Lieut.  Kessinger  replied, 
"Advance  friend  and  give  the  countersign."  Burns  advanced  boldly; 
Blount  kept  his  position  while  Burns  approached.  Billy  Savins,  the  noble 
boy,  whom  they  had  attempted  with  women  and  money  to  bribe,  recog- 
nized Burns  (he  had  served  in  the  same  company  with  him),  and  at  the 
top  of  his  voice  cried  out,  "Blount  and  Burns!  shoot!"  Burns  was 
instantly  killed,  but  Blount  wheeled  and  ran.  Volley  after  volley  was  fired 
at  him,  but  without  effect.  He  ran  through  gardens,  over  ravines  and 
was  pursued  by  Cavalry.  He  jumped  Judge  Tutt's  high  paling  fence, 
and  at  this  moment,  young  Asher,  of  company  H,  rode  to  him,  but  before 
he  could  fire,  Blount  turned  and  shot  him  dead,  then  ran  through  Judge 
Tutt's  garden  into  the  woods,  and  made  good  his  escape.  Mrs.  Reid  is 
seventy-eight  years  old,  and  Miss  Fickel  is  not  twenty.  These  women 
will  be  sent  to  Warrensburg  where  they  will  be  tried  by  military  commis- 
sion. 

The  above  occurred  on  Monday  evening.  The  next  Wednesday  night, 
Mrs.  Reid's  house  was  burned  down  by  a  man  named  Dennis  Gaughan, 
for  which  he  was  promptly  arrested  by  Lieut.  Kessenger,  and  delivered  to 
the  sheriff,  Jacob  A.  Price  for  trial  by  the  civil  authorities. 

Anna  Fickel  was  sent  to  the  state  penetentiary  by  the  military  court; 
but  on  February  4,  1865,  she  was  pardoned  by  President  Lincoln.  She 
was  afterwards  sent  into  the  confederate  lines. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  293 

•      LADIES'    UNION    AID    SOCIETY. 

Early  in  the  war  time  a  Union  Aid  Society  was  formed  in  Lexington 
by  those  men  and  women  whose  sympathies  were  on  the  federal  side  in  the 
great  conflict,  and  their  services  were  in  full  demand  to  aid  the  sick  and 
wounded  federal  soldiers,  some  of  whom  were  constantly  in  the  Lexing- 
ton post  hospital.  (Those  on  the  other  side  were  equally  faithful  to  their 
sick  and  wounded,  but  we  found  no  account  of  any  definite  organization, 
though  there  doubtless  was  one.)  Mrs.  Dr.  Boulware  was  president  of 
the  Union  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  and  the  following  were  members:  Mes- 
dames  Dr.  Alexander,  J.  M.  Fleming,  Adam  Young,  Dr.  Chapman,  S. 
Zeiler,  S.  G.  Wentworth,  S.  Price,  John  Eneberg,  Wm.  H.  Green,  Fin- 
ley,  Bascomb,  A.  Comingo,  Gen.  Vaughan,  J.  Wallace,  A.  H.  McFad- 
den,  Macey,  B.  Wilson,  George  Sedgwick,  Schofield,  Col.  Morton,  Ardin- 
ger;  Misses  Mattie  Runyan,  Whalan,  Mary  Boulware,  Belle  Wainwright, 
Clara  Fall,  Virginia  Fleming,  Sue  Alexander,  Mary  Adamson,  Mary 
Wernway,  Bettie  Haley,  Rebecca  McPheeters. 

The  following  letter  was  received  by  them  and  explains  itself: 

Rooms  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Sanitary  fair,* 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  April  2,  1864. 
Mrs.  Dr.  Boulware,  President  of  Union  Aid  Society,  Lexington,  Missouri: 

Dear  Madam: — Your  favor  of  the  29th  ult.,  addressed  to  Samuel 
Copp,  Jr.,  Esq.,  treasurer  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Sanitary  Fair,  enclos- 
ing a  donation  of  $350.00  from  the  Union  Aid  Society  of  Lexington, 
Missouri,  is  before  me.  It  affords  me  the  greatest  pleasure  to  observe  the 
truly  loyal  and  patriotic  sentiments  of  your  letter.  While  it  challenges 
the  wonder  of  all  good  citizens  of  our  great  and  free  country,  to  see  and 
realize  that  so  many  of  our  citizens — forgetting  what  is  due  to  honor,  pat- 
riotism, self-interest  and  self-respect,  are  found  in  arms  against  that  coun- 
try's peace,  and  conspiring  for  its  overthrow, — our  admiration  rises  in  pro- 
portion for  those,  who,  under  the  circumstances  that  surround  you,  boldly, 
unflinchingly  and  with  fidelity  to  God  and  the  country,  stand  up  for  the 
right.  May  heaven  bless  and  prosper  the  good  union  people  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  especially  the  patriotic  ladies.  , 

With  high  respect  madam,  your  obedient  servant, 

W.  S.  Rosecrans,  Maj.  General. 

events  of  1865. 
In  May,  18*65,  Maj.  B.  K.  Davis  was  in  command  of  the    post  of  Lex- 
ington, and  on  the  11th  of  the  month  he  received  the  following  sanguinary 
note: 

Major  Davis:  Sir — This  is  to  notify  you  that  I  will  give  you  until 
Friday  morning,  10  o'clock,  A.  m.,  May  12th,  1865,  to  surrender  the  town 
of  Lexington.  If  you  surrender,  we  will  treat  you  and  all  taken  as 
prisoners  of  war.     If  we  have  to  take  it  by  storm  we  will  burn  the  town 

♦See  page  63  of  this  volume. 


294  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  kill  the  soldiery.      We  have  the  force  and  are  determined  to  take  it. 
I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

Arch.  Clements. 
I  have  made  Mr.  Carter  bear  this  message.      His  failure  to  do  so  will 
be  punished  by  death.  A.  Clements. 

But  Major  Davis  did  not  surrender,  and  the  bushwhacking  cutthroats 
did  not  attack  the  town. 

The  Lafayette  Advertiser  of  May  24th,  published  a  list  of  seventy-six 
ex-confederate  soldiers,  or  claimed  to  be,  although  most  of  them  were 
only  bushwhackers,  who  had  come  in  and  surrendered  themselves,  taken 
the  oath  of  loyalty  to  the  state  and  United  States  government,  and  been 
dismissed. 

During  the  same  week  ex-County  Judges  Schofield  and  Tetton,  were 
arrested  by  negro  militia  and  put  in  jail  for  abstracting  the  keys  of  the 
county  clerk's  vault.  This  was  part  of  the  contest  as  to  the  legality  of 
the  new  county  officers  appointed  by  Governor  Fletcher  under  the  state 
convention  ordinance,  vacating  all  civil  offices  in  the  state.  This  affair  is 
historic,  as  being  the  first  time  that  negro  militia  were  used  in  this  county 
to  enforce  the  civil  law.  The  newly  appointed  county  officers  were: 
Thomas  Adamson,  sheriff;  Wm.  H.  Bowen,  county  clerk;  S.  F.  Currie, 
circuit  clerk.  The  resisters  were  J.  A.  Price,  sheriff;  R.  C.  Vaughan, 
circuit  clerk. 

The  same  paper  of  July  6th  mentions  that  "a  number  of  the  horses  sur- 
rendered here  recently  by  the  bushwhackers  were  sold  at  the  rate  of  $25 
and  $30  per  head.     One  man  bought  nine  at  these  rates." 

In  1865  a  company  of  cavalry  was  organized  by  Lieut.  R.  W.  P. 
Mooney,  to  serve  as  a  sort  of  local  military  police,  for  they  appear  to  have 
been  of  this  county  only,  and  not  connected  with  any  state  or  national 
body  of  troops.  On  August  14,  1865,  the  county  court  ordered  them  to 
be  paid — some  $65  and  some  $45,  according  to  the  time  in  service,  and 
county  warrants  were  issued  accordingly.  The  total  amount  thus  paid  by 
the  county  was  $6,425.  The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  this  company, 
as  appears  in  the  public  records,  book  No.  10,  pp.  94,  95: 

Lieutentant,  R.  W.  Mooney;  privates,  Wm.  A.  Kincaide,  James  L.  Cox, 
Wm.  J.  Hutchison,  Sam'l  E.  Durgin,  James  E.  Hutchison,  Geo.  W.Wag- 
oner, James  M.  Vandyke,  Henry  Olslager,  Samuel  Boothman,  Robert 
Buchanan,  Wm.  Borcher,  Wm.  L.  Etherton,  Green  C.  Davidson,  Chas. 
H.  Duck,  Peter  Furgeson,  Chris.  G.  Gaston,  Joseph  Ganter,  Absalom 
Harris,  Geo.  W.  Helm,  Thos.  H.  Hutchins,  B.  Johnson,  J.  Kesterson, 
Patrick  Keary,  Chas.  D.  Latham,  Augustus  H.  Lynch,  Sam'l  P.  Mansell, 
Wm.  Martin,  Jas.  C.  Mooney,  Isa  A.  McDowell,  Isaac  N.  Newman,  Jas. 
H.  Nevill,  Oldam  Owen,  John  R.  Owen,  Richard  Owen,  Leander  T. 
Buchanan,  Lemuel  F.  Ruckman,  Jas.  W.  Scott,  Erastus  Lisson,  Peter  M. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  295 

Starr,  John  Thompson,  Nathan  Talbott,  Henry  J.  Utt,  Wm.  W.  Ashford, 
Wm.  Copse,  Geo.  Ehlers,  Barney  Eagan,  Sam'l  Githons,  James  Gillespie, 
Thomas  H.  Hill,  John  Harthusen,  John  Miller,  Chas.  Powling,  Frank 
Remelius,  Lawrence  Riley,  Geo.  W.  Silver,  Joseph  Stevens,  Henry 
Stinkle,  Lewis  B.  Thomas,  Henry  Teppencamp. 

In  1865,  a  Lexington  Petroleum  Company  was  formed,  with  capital 
fixed  at  $500,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each.  Their  works  were  on  the 
McCausland  farm,  ten  miles  southeast  from  Lexington.  The  Lexington 
Weekly  Union  of  July  8,  1865,  says:  "Drill  now  down  over  one  hundred 
feet.  Have  reached  a  white  sand  rock  thoroughly  saturated  with  oil. 
Evidences  of  oil  increasing  daily,"  etc.  But,  nevertheless,  they  failed  to 
find  oil  in  paying  quantity.  Their  drilling  tools  stuck  fast  for  two  months^ 
and  were  finally  worked  out  by  two  well-boring  experts,  Knisly  and 
Alexander,  brought  on  from  Kanawha,  Virginia,  in  October,  1865.  E. 
Winsor,  Esq.,  of  Lexington,  was  the  business  manager  of  the  McCaus- 
land oil  well  enterprise.  At  the  same  time  there  was  another  boring 
going  on  in  the  same  vicinity  under  the  business  management  of  a  man 
by  the  name  of  Ralston,  which  didn't  "  pan  out  "  an}-  better  than  the  other. 
(See  chapter  on  geology  for  an  account  of  this  oilstone  formation.)  About 
the  same  time  there  was  a  great  oil-boring  excitement  in  Ray  county,  a 
$15,000  company  bored  one  hundred  feet  deep,  six  or  eight  miles  from 
Richmond,  but  with  no  better  success  than  in  Lafayette  county. 

July  8,  1865,  the  Lexington  Union  says,  for  the  first  time  since  January, 
1862,  Lexington  is  without  the  presence  of  soldiers. 

In  December,  1865,  the  county  jail  was  burned  down.  There  was 
$3,750  insurance  on  it,  which  was  promptly  paid.  The  jail  was  rebuilt  by 
a  Mr.  Hackett,  in  1866-67;  in  May  of  this  latter  year  it  was  accepted  for 
the  county  by  the  county  court.  That  was  the  brown  stone  jail  which 
is  still  in  use. 

1868. — In  April  of  this  year,  there  was  a  literary  society  in  Lexington, 
of  which  Dr.  James  Temple  was  president;  a  Mr.  Rucker  vice-president, 
and  W.  Cloudsley,  secretary.  About  the  same  time  there  was  a  lodge  of 
Good  Templars  here,  who  had  their  hall  in  the  Arcana  buildings,  on 
Broadway  street.     Fo  further  particulars  obtained. 

"grasshoppers." — 1874—75. 
These  were  the  years  of  the  great  devastation  in  Nebraska,  Kansas,  and 
western  Missouri  by  the  Rocky  Mountain  locust  (Caloptemus  Spretus). 
The  locusts  came  in  thick  flying  clouds,  mostly  from  a  west  or  northwest- 
erly direction,  in  the  fall  of  1874;  they  destroyed  what  they  could  find  then 
that  was  green  and  juicy  enough  for  them,  and  finally  laid  their  eggs. 
Lafayette  county  did  not  suffer  greatly  this  year,  as  compared  with  other 
counties  further  west  and  north.  But  when  the  little  imps  hatched  out  in  the 


296  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

spring  and  commenced  marching  eastward,  eating  a  clean  swath  as  they 
went,  then  this  county  knew  what  it  was  to  be  "grasshoppered."  A  cor- 
respondent of  the  Chicago  Times  wrote  from  Lexington,  May  18,  1875: 
"The  grasshoppers  are  on  the  move  east,  eating  everything  green  in  their 
road.  One  farmer  south  of  this  city  had  fifteen  acre?  of  corn  eaten  by 
them  yesterday  in  three  hours.  They  mowed  it  down  close  to  the  ground 
just  as  if  a  mowing  machine  had  cut  it.  All  the  tobacco  plants  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  county  have  been  eaten  by  them.' 

J.  Belt  of  Napoleon  wrote:  "The  loss  to  Lafayette  county  was  fully 
two  millions  of  dollars."  James'E.  Gladdish,  of  Aullville,  wrote:  "The 
damage  done  to  the  three-fourths  of  Lafayette  county  invaded,  has  been 
estimatee  to  be  not  far  from  $2,500,000."  In  Prof.  Riley's  eighth  annual 
report  as  State  entomologist,  May,  1876,  a  table  is  given  of  estimated 
losses  in  twenty  six  different  counties  of  Missouri  which  suffered  from  the 
lucust  scourge  and  the  sum  total  is  a  little  over  $15,000,000.  We  give  the  fig- 
ures on  Lafayette  and  adjoining  counties:  Jackson,  $2,500,000;  Ray,  $75,- 
000;  Johnson,  $1,000,000  Saline  not  named;  Lafayette,  $2,000,000.  The 
largest  loss  in  any  county  was  Jackson.  The  locusts  flew  away  in  June, 
1875,  and  none  have  been  here  since. 

If  such  a  visitation  should  occur  again  the  experience  of  the  past  with 
these  pests  will  be  of  incalculable  value;  and  the  printed  records  of  it  will 
be  found  in  Prof.  Riley's  report  above  quoted,  which  was  printed  by  the 
State  as  a  part  of  the  eleventh  annual  report  of  the  State  board  of  agricul- 
ture for  the  year  1875,  printed  at  Jefferson  City  in  1876  Also  the  first 
report  of  the  United  States  entomological  commmission,  printed  at  Wash- 
ington City  in  1878,  and  their  second  report  printed  in  1880.  In  these 
works  will  be  found  full  accounts  of  the  character  and  habits  of  the  locusts, 
modes  of  destroying  them,  and  laws  in  regard  to  them,  and  an  immense 
amount  of  other  information  very  useful  in  time  of  need.  The  researches 
and  reports  on  this  subject  by  Prof.  C.  V.  Riley  of  Missouri  are  more 
valuable  than  of  all  the  other  scientists  put  together  who  have  given  it 
any  attention. 


ELECTIONS  AND  OTHER  COUNTY  MATTERS. 

PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  OF  1860. 

There  were  many  conflicting  reports  current  in  regard  to  events  of  this 
time,  one  of  which  was  that  sixteen  men  had  voted  for  Lincoln  and  Ham- 
lin at  Lexington,  but  were  never  so  credited.  One  old  man  said,  "In  1860 
they  wouldn't  let  anybody  vote  for  Lincoln,  and  in  1864  they  wouldn't  let 
'em  vote  for  anybody  else."  Our  aim  was  to  get  down  to  bed-rock  bot- 
tom facts,  in  all  these  matters  of  era-making, historic  interest;  so,  with  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  297 

kind  assistance  of  Capt.  Andrews,  the  deputy  county  clerk,  we  fished  up 
from  the  heaps  of  old  documents  in  the  county's  fire-proof  vaults  the 
original  poll  books  of  November,  1860;  and  from  these  we  compiled  the 
following  table: 

VOTE  OF  LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  FOR    PRESIDENT  IN   1860. 

WHIG.  DEMOCRAT.  DEMOCRAT.        REPUBLICAN. 

township.  Bell  and    Douglass  and    Brecketiridge    Lincoln  and 

Everett.        Johnson.  and  Lane.  Hamlin. 

Clay  township,  two  polls 258  52  64 

Davis  township,  one  poll 42  30  7 

Dover  township,  one  poll 129  56  58 

Freedom  township,  two  polls.. .....  114  57  32               11 

Lexington  township,  one  poll   42  9  2 

Lexington  city,  two  polls 575  301  133               13 

Middleton  township,  one  poll 188  123  41 

Sniabar  township,  one  poll 114  104  15 

Washington  township,  one  poll 115  42  19 

Totals 1,577      774  371  24 

Lexington  city  had  two  polls,  one  at  the  court  house,  and  one  at  the 
engine  house,  on  Laurel  street.  The  voting  was  then  done  viva  voce,  that 
is,  each  man  had  to  say  out  loud  who  he  voted  for,  and  his  name  and 
choice  were  both  recorded,  instead  of  the  present  custom  of  printed  tickets, 
which  enables  a  man  to  vote  for  whom  he  pleases  without  anybody  else 
knowing  who  he  votes  for,  unless  he  chooses  to  tell  them,  or  show  his 
ticket.     At  the  two  polls  for  Lexington  city  we  found  the  following  result: 

Bell    Douglas.    Breckenridge.    Lincoln. 

Courthouse ...451        97  81  12 

Engine  house 124      204  51  1 

Total 575      301  133  13 

The  names  and  their  numbers  on  the  poll  list,  of  those  who  voted  the 
Lincoln  and  Hamlin  ticket  at  the  court  house  were: 

6— J.  M.  Carpenter.  262 -S.  Biglow.  606— James  Brierly. 

7— Thomas  Todd.  208— John  Welch.  630— Charles  Probst. 

59— John  Ferree.  355— H.  Fette.  631— Jacob  Ingle. 

95— J.  C.  McGinnis*  507— B.  F.  Larkin.  . .  .—John  B.  Fisher. 

The  solitary  one  who  thus  voted  at  the  engine  house  was,  278 — Martin 
Blood. 

The  names  of  the  three  sets  of  presidential  electors,  for  Bell,  Douglas, 
and  Breckenridge,  filled  the  heading  of  the  poll  books  as  prepared,  and 
there  was  no  place  to  check  off  votes  for  the  Lincoln  ticket,  as  none  had 
been  expected ;  but  this  emergency  was  met  by  writing  the  names  of  the 
Lincoln  and  Hamlin  electors   lower  down  on  a  separate  page  in  the  back 

*Mr.  McGinnis  was  afterward  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  from  St.  Louis  two 
terms,  then  city  attorney  one  term  (two  years).  Was  in  the  state  senate  four  years  (1872 
to  1876);  and  is  now  the  member  from  the  1st  assembly  district  of  St.  Louis. 


298  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

part  of  the  poll  book,  as  follows:  John  D.  Stevenson,  Arnold  Krekel, 
Harrison  B.  Branch,  Wm.  Gilpin,  J.  F.  St.  James,  John  M.  Richardson, 
Wm.  Bishop,  Charles  Foley,  James  B.  Gardenhire. 

The  above  will  astonish  many  old  citizens,  for  it  was  generally  believed 
that  no  such  records  were  in  existence;  we  had  heard  several  say  so,  and 
an  expert  who  had  examined  the  same  poll  books  assured  us  that  there 
were  no  votes  credited  to  Lincoln.  He  fully  believed  that  he  knew  it  for 
a  fact.     But  there  is  nothing  in  the  world  so  easy  as  to  be  mistaken. 

The  following  names  had  been  furnished  us  as  among  those  who  voted 
for  Lincoln,  but  they  are  differently  recorded,  thus: 

At  court  house,  for  Bell — 43 — Charles  White,  James  Curry,  not  found. 
For  Douglas,  547 — H.  Marquort,  5.44 — Jacob  Lindenschmidt.  At  engine 
house,  281 — Michael  Myers.     For  Breckenridge,  177 — Fred.  R.  Neet. 

Mr.  Marquort  kept  a  grocery  on  Water  street,  down  by  the  river,  and 
it  is  said  the  Lincoln  men  used  to  meet  there  secretly  by  night  to  talk  over 
matters;  that  there  were  over  a  hundred  in  the  city  who  talked  as  if  they 
would  go  to  the  polls  together  and  vote  for  Lincoln;  but  they  were 
mostly  mechanics  and  laboring  men,  and  owing  to  the  strong  feeling 
against  their  politics,  most  of  them  left  the  city  before  election  day.  In 
view  of  the  conflicting  reports  which  we  met  with  here  in  Lexington 
about  these  matters,  we  wrote  to  Hon.  J.  C.  McGinnis  of  St.  Louis  for 
his  recollections.  His  reply  in  regard  to  the  votes  was  substantially  as 
we  had  already  found  them  on  the  poll  books.  We  extract  from  his  letter 
a  few  passages  of  historic  interest : 

There  were  a  good  many  who  were  at  heart  republicans  in  Lexington 
at  that  day,  but  the  prejudice  against  republicanism,  (chiefly  growing  out 
of  the  prevailing  ignorance  of  the  true  objects  and  purposes  of  the  party) 
was  so  great  that  only  a  few  persons  had  the  nerve,  or  the  recklessness, 
to  declare  themselves  such  in  a  public  manner.  You  ask  whether  those 
voting  for  Lincoln  all  went  to  the  court  house  together?  They  did  not. 
No  one  went  with  me,  and  I  have  the  impression  that  the  others  dropped 
in  along  through  the  day  just  as  it  happened.  I  do  not  know  whereabouts 
my  name  appears  on  the  poll  book,  but  I  have  always  been  under  the 
impression  that  I  was  the  first  one  of  the  lot  to  vote,  from  the  fact  that  I 
had  considerable  trouble  in  getting  the  officers  of  election  to  receive  my 
vote.  I  went  to  the  poll  (at  the  court  house)  about  9  o'clock,  and  had 
with  me  a  ticket  containing  the  names  of  the  republican  electors.  I  offered 
my  ticket  after  giving  my  name,  and  the  officer  receiving  it  looked  at  it  a 
moment  and  then  said,  'you  can't  vote  that  ticket  here,'  at  the  same  time 
handing  the  ticket  back  to  others  who  sat  at  a  table.  They  all  examined 
it  a  moment  and  one  of  them  said,  'We  have  no  poll  here  for  that  ticket.' 
Well,  although  I  had  been  at  work  there  as  a  carpenter,  I  had  studied 
law,  and  was  fully  posted  as  to  my  rights  in  the  premises,  and  I  said  'I 
demand  that  you  open  a  poll  then,  for  I  want  to  vote  that  ticket;  and 
though  you  may  object  to  any  one  voting  for  Lincoln  here,  and  though  I 
know  that  the  general  result  in  the  United  States  will  not  be  affected  by 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  299 

any  vote  in  Missouri,  still  the  local  ticket  may  be  changed 
by  a  single  vote,  and  I  will  not  vote,  unless  I  can  vote  the 
whole  ticket  as  I  choose;  and  if  you  do  not  take  my  vote  for 
Mr.  Royle,*  there  may  be  a  contest  grow  out  of  your  refusal.' 
This  was  about  what  I  said.  The  judges  consulted  together  a 
few  moments,  and  then  told  the  officer  who  had  taken  the  ticket  to  read 
it,  and  he  did  so,  in  what  I  thought  was  a  needlessly  loud  voice;  as  he 
read,  the  clerks  entered  the  vote,  and  when  they  had  finished  I  hurried  to 
go  away;  then  I  noticed  that  all  the  people  in  the  neighborhood  had 
crowded  close  up  to  where  I  was  standing  in  front  of  the  polling  place, 
but  when  I  started  to  walk  away  they  opened  a  way  for  me  to  pass,  and 
crowded  back  from  me  as  though  I  had  the  leprosy  or  small  pox.  There 
was  some  muttering  but  no  threats  in  the  crowd,  which  numbered  per- 
haps two  hundred  persons.  I  passed  down  the  court  house  steps  and 
walked  across  the  street  into  the  store  of  T.  B.  Wallace.  I  had  not  been 
there  more  than  a  minute  or  two,  when  I  heard  some  one  say,  'McGinnis 
I  did  not  know  you  was  a  damned  black  abolitionist  before.'  I  looked  up 
and  saw  the  speaker  was  a  young  fellow  named  Jim  Furgeson,  whose 
father  lived  some  miles  south  of  town.  Furgeson  cursed  me  a  while  and 
made  noise  enough  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  people  passing,  and  those 
over  at  the  court  house  polls,  and  very  soon  the  store  became  crowded 
with  a  very  excited  lot  of  men  and  boys.  Some  of  the  young  fellows 
called  out,  'Hang  the  God  damned  black  republican  nigger-thief.'  This 
was  repeated  perhaps  once  or  twice.  My  recollection  is  that  young  Fur- 
geson left  as  soon  as  the  crowd  got  pretty  thick;  there  were  so  many  of 
them  that  they  filled  the  space  between  me  and  the  door  so  that  I  could 
not  pass  out,  and  things  began  to  look  pretty  squally.  There  was  not 
much  noise,  but  it  did  not  take  half  an  eye  to  see  that  the  crowd  was 
excited  greatly.  Just  then  some  one  took  me  by  the  arm  and  said,  'I  want 
to  see  vou  out  side,'  at  the  same  time  starting  towards  the  door.  Some- 
thing more  was  said  which  I  do  not  remember,  but  from  which  I  got  the 
idea  that  this  person — who  I  think  was  Joe  Shelby,  intended  to  befriend 
me.  He  went  out  and  along  the  side  walk  with  me  to  the  next  corner 
south,  and  said,  'Now  don't  lose  any  time  getting  home.'  I  thanked  him 
and  took  his  advice.  There  was  a  newspaper  in  Lexington  at  that  time 
called  the  Express,  (I  think,)  at  any  rate  it  was  the  only  considerable 
paper  in  the  city  besides  the  Expositor,  and  in  its  next  issue,  this  Express 
contained  a  most  bitter  article  denunciatory  of  the  thirteen  who  had  voted 
for  Lincoln,  calling  them  'abolition  negro-thieves,'  and  incendiaries,  and 
calling  on  the  people  to  drive  us  out,  or  use  some  of  the  good  Lafayette 
county  hemp  on  us.  All  ot  the  thirteen  (except  two,  I  think)  yielded  to 
the  clamor  that  was  raised,  and  left  the  place  within  a  few  weeks.  I 
stayed  until  the  following  2d  of  May,  and  Ferree  remained  considerably 
longer.  I  heard  some  threats  of  violence  made  towards  me,  but  no  violence 
was  actually  offered.  I  also  received  one  or  two  anonymous  notices  to 
leave.  I  finally  left  upon  the  friendly  warning  of  two  of  my  secession 
friends  (Major  Bleuett  and  Dr.  Bull)  that  they  knew  that  personal  vio- 
lence would  be  done  me  unless  I  left. " 

In  Freedom  township  there  were  two  voting  places — one  at  "  old  place 

♦Jonathan  C.  Royle,,  whig,  and  John  W.  Bryant,  Democrat,  were  candidates  for  circuit 
attorney.     These  were  the  only  candidates  at  that  time  besides  the  presidential  electors. 


300  .HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

of  holding  elections,"  the  record  says,  and  the  other  at  Brockhofl's  store. 
At  this  latter  place  Bell  and  Everett  had  33;  Douglas  and  Johnson  32;  . 
Breckenridge  and  Lane  22;  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  11.  Those  who  voted 
here  for  Lincoln  at  this  time  were — J.  H.  Ehlers,  H.  Koopman,  Sr.,  H. 
Koopman,Jr.,  H.  D.  Stinkel,  D.  Frerking,  W.  H.  Meinecke,  Wm.  Frer- 
king,  T.  Dedeke,  I.  Eisenstein,  H.  Brinkoffer,  Hy.  Sharnhorst. 

CURIOSITIES    OF   THE    PRESIDENTIAL    VOTE    OF   1860    IN   LEXINGTON. 

The  name  of  T.  T.  Crittenden,  the  present  Governor  of  the  state  (1881), 
appears  as  No.  48  on  the  engine  house  poll  book,  and  he  voted  for  Bell 
and  Everett. 

At  the  court  house  the  name  of  H.  M.  Bledsoe  appears  as  No.  199, 
voting  for  Breckenridge  and  Lane;  and  it  appears  again  on  the  same  poll 
book  as  No.  286,  voting  for  Bell  and  Everett. 

R.  C.  Ewing  is  recorded  No.  455  as  voting  for  Breckenridge  "under 
protest." 

Five  names  appear  on  the  books  as  not  voting  at  all  as  to  President, 
but  some  for  John  W.  Bryant  and  some  for  Jonathan  C.  Royle  for  circuit 
attorney — the  only  other  candidates  to  be  voted  on  at  that  time. 

Pat  McGraw  voted  at  one  poll  for  Bell  and  Everett  and  at  the  other 
for  Douglas  and  Johnson;  but  he  was  caught  at  it,  and  his  vote  was 
declared  void. 

VOTE    OF   LAFAYETTE   COUNTY    FOR    PRESIDENT   IN    1864. 

[Compiled  from  the  official  records,  for  this  History.] 

DEMOCRAT.  REPUBLICAN. 

townships.  McClelland  Lincoln  and 

and  Pendleton.  Johnson. 

Clay,  at  Greenton  poll 36 

■     at  Wellington  poll 40 

Davis — No  return 

Dover 34  1 

Freedom,  at  Brockhofl's  store   .  . . 7  59 

"         at  Cain's  store 33 

Lexington,  citv  and  township 211  173 

Middleton . . . ." 33 

Sniabar,  no  return 

Washington ...        12 

7th  Regt.  Missouri  State  Militia,  at  Warrensburg . .  18 

1st  Cavalry  Regt.  M.  S.  M.,  at  Lexington 23  59 

45th  Regt  Mo.  Volunteers,  infantry,  in  Cole  county.  3 

Total 396  346 

PRESIDENTIAL   VOTE   OF    1872. 

This  was  the  year  when  Horace  Greeley  of  New  York  and  B.  Gratz 
Brown  of  Missouri  were  the  Democratic  and  Liberal  Republican  candi- 
dates, and  Gen.  Grant  (2d  term)  and  Henry  Wilson  the  Radical  Republi- 


For  Grant 

voting  precinct.              For  Greeley 

for  Grant 

and  Wileon. 

and  Brown. 

and  Wilson. 

182 

Wellington 

183 

54 

468 

Napoleon 

113 

25 

61 

North  Washington 

245 

64 

33 

South  Washington. 

124 

32 

85 

22 

240 

47 

West  Freedom .... 

139 

89 

51 

East  Sniabar 

114 

40 

44 

109 

8 

HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  301 

can  candidates.     The  official  vote  of  Lafayette  county  as  published  at  the 
time  stood  thus: 

toting  precinct.  For  Greeley 

and  Brown. 

East  Lexington . .  .  243 

West  Lexington . . .  433 

North  Dover 271 

South  Dover 156 

Middleton 412 

East  Davis 60 

West  Davis 169 

Greenton 191 

Totals 2,984        1,523 

Greeley's  majority  jn  county,  1,481. 

VOTE    ON   THE   CONSTITUTION    OF    1865. 

The  state  convention,  which  was  the  real  law-making  power  of  the 
state  from  February  28,  1861,  till  1865,  had,  on  June  10,  1862,  passed  an 
ordinance,  prescribing  a  test-oath  of  loyalty,  which  was  required,  there- 
after, to  be  subscribed  and  sworn  to  by  every  adult  man,  before  he  should 
be  permitted  to  vote.  The  main  feature  of  this  oath  was  in  language 
thus: 

That  I  will  bear  true  faith,  loyalty,  and  allegiance  to  the  United  States, 
and  will  not,  directly  or  indirectly,  give  aid,  or  comfort,  or  countenance,  to 
the  enemies  or  opposers  thereof,  or  of  the  provisional  government  of  the 
state  of  Missouri,  any  ordinance,  law,  or  resolution  of  any  state  convention 
or  legislature,  or  of  any  order  or  organization,  secret  or  otherwise,  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding;  and  that  I  do  this  with  a  full  and  honest  deter- 
mination, pledge,  and  purpose,  faithfully  to  keep  and  perform  the  same, 
without  any  mental  reservation  or  evasion  whatever.  And  I  do  solmnly 
swear,  that  I  have  not,  since  the  17th- day  of  December,  1861,  wilfully 
taken  up  arms,  or  levied  war,  against  the  United  States,  or  against  the 
provisional  government  of  the  state  of  Missouri,  so  help  me  God. 

In  November,  1864,  the  people  voted  on  a  proposition  for  a  state  constitu- 
tional convention,  every  voter  being  required  to  take  the  above  oath ;  and 
the  proposition  was  reported  to  be  carried  bv  29,000  majority  in  the  state. 
The  convention  met  in  St.  Louis,  in  January  and  February,  1865;  it 
framed  a  new  constitution,  and  the  people  voted  on  it,  June  6,  1865 — the 
above  oath  for  voters  being  still  in  force — and  the  following  official  return 
for  Lafayette  county  we  copy,  just  as  found  in  the  records: 

G 


302  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


Lexington 


Clay 

Freedom,  No.  1. 
Freedom,  No.  2. 
Sniabar 


Davis 

Middleton  .  . 
Washington 
Dover 


For 

Against 

Constitution. 

Constitution. 

Total. 

Remarks. 

170 

271 

441 

The  illegal  votes  are  in- 
cluded in  this  total. 

2 

132 

134 

Disloyal  judges  and  clerks 

84 

2 
53 

86 
30 
55 

30     . 

2 

Clerks  and  one  judge  dis- 

loyal. 

3 

101 

104 

Clerks  and  judges  disloyal 

1 

113 

114 

Clerks  disloyal. 

3 

42 

45 

Clerks  disloyal. 

102 

102 

Clerks  and  judges  refuse 







to  take  the  oath  or  ad- 

295 

816 

1111 

minister  it  to  voters. 

Totals.... 

No  ballots  returned  from  Clay  and  Sniabar  townships,  and  only  a  por- 
tion from  Washington  township. 

The  above  document  is  certified  and  signed  by  Thomas  D.  Wernway 
and  John  Kirkpatrick,  county  judges,  and  W.  H.  Bowen,  county  clerk, 
June  10,  1865. 

The  vote  on  this  new  constitution  in  the  whole  state,  as  recited  in  Gov. 
Fletcher's  proclamation,  was:  For  it,  43,670;  against  it,  41,808;  majority 
for  it,  1,862 — and  it  went  into  effect  July  4,  1865.  [For  disabilities  imposed, 
etc.,  see  page  65  of  this  history.] 

Hon.  Charles  D.  Drake,  of  St.  Louis,  took  a  prominent  part  in  framing 
this  new  constitution.  Its  disfranchising  and  other  restricting  features 
were,  of  course,  strenuously  opposed  by  all  southern  sympathizers,  and 
also  by  many  of  the  union  men.  It  remained  in  force  ten  years,  being  con- 
stantly the  basis  of  party  politics,  and  of  contests  in  the  courts,  and  was 
finally  wiped  out  forever,  by  the  new  constitution  of  1875.  It  was  stig- 
matized as  the  "Drake  Constitution,"  the  "Drakonian  Code,"  etc.,  and  its 
partisans  were  called  the  "  Eternal  Hate  Party,"  the  "  Hate  and  Revenge 
Party,"  etc. 

VOTE    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY    ON    THE    NEW  •  CONSTITUTION    OF    1875.* 
VOTE    TAKEN    OCTOBER   30. 

For         Against 

Mount  Hope  precinct 83  19 

West  Sniabar 49  3 

Aullville 113  11 

Concordia 47  93 

East  Lexington 91  30 

West  Lexington 373  115 

Dover 137  1 

Page  City 61 

North  Washington 89 


*Hon.  Henry  C.  Wallace,  of  Lexington,  represented  Lafayette,  Saline,  and  Pettis  counties 
which  then  constituted  the  17th  state  senatorial  district,  in  the  convention  which  framed 
this  constitution . 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  303 

For       Against 

South  Washington 38  1 

Wellington 137  2 

Napoleon 57  8 

Greenton 84  1 

Coffey's  School    House 37 

Higginsville 125 

Middleton 257  3 

Total 1778         287 

Majority  for  the  constitution,  1,481,  in  Lafayette  county.  The  majority 
for  it,  in  the  state,  was  76,688.  This  constitution  went  into  effect  Novem- 
ber 30,  1875,  and  still  continues. 

July  21,  1845,  Robert  Aull,  William  H.  Russell,  and  Robert  M.  Hen- 
derson were  appointed  commissioners  to  locate  a  county  jail;  but  for  some 
reason  not  recorded  did  not  act.  Afterward,  Eldredge  Burden,  William 
Boyce,  and  Alex.  McFadden  appear  as  jail  commissioners,  and  on  October 
6,  1846,  it  is  recorded  that  $2,700  was  paid  to  Gabriel  F.  Brown,  con- 
tractor for  jail  building. 

COUNTY    LINE    SURVEYS. 

Sept.  2,  1846,  a  report  was  made  to  the  county  court  by  John  C.  Bled- 
soe, surveyor  of  Lafayette  county,  and  A.  H.  Perry,  surveyor  of  Johnson 


COUNTY   CLERK'S  OFFICE,  LEXINGTON,   MISSOURI, 
county,  in  regard  to  an  official  survey  of  the  line  between  these  two  coun- 
ties.    The   cost  of    this  joint  survey  was  $696.35,  of    which  Lafayette 
county  paid  half.     The  report  covers  twenty-two  pages  (from  pp.  131  to 
152)  of  county  record  book  No.  8. 

Sept.  1,  1851,  the  county  surveyor  was  ordered  to  re-survev  and  estab- 
lish the  boundary  line  between  Lafayette  and  Saline  counties.  And  on 
Oct.  10,  1854,  appears  a  similar  order  with  reference  to  Lafayette  and 
Johnson  counties  again. 

May  8,  1854,  the  sum  of  $4500  was  appropriated  to  build  offices  for  the 
clerks  of  circuit  and  county  courts.     Wm.  Morrison  was  appointed  to  let 


304  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

the  contract  and  oversee  the  construction.  The  building  erected  under 
this  order  was  the  offices  and  fire-proof  vaults  now  occupied  by  the  clerks 
above  mentioned  and  the  county  treasurer  and  auditor. 

Occasionally  we  find  in  legal  proceedings  a  combination  of  language  as 
ludicrous  and  laughable  as  the  grotesque  conceits  of  Mark  Twain .  Here 
is  an  instance  under  date  of  July  21,  1877:  "  The  state  of  Missouri,  to 
the  sheriff  of  Lafayette  county,  greeting:  You  are  hereby  commended 
to  summon  Lafayette  county,  if  she  be  found  in  your  county,  that  she  be 
and  appear  before  the  circuit  court  of  Lafayette  county,"  etc.  It  is  pre- 
sumed that  the  sheriff  found  "her"  and  brought  "her"  into  court;  and 
the  ladies  would  like  to  know  how  "she"  was  dressed. 

COUNTY    OFFICERS. — 1881. 

The  term  of  some  of  the  county  offices  is  two  years  and  some  four 
years.     The  following  are  the  present  incumbents: 

Years.  Name.  Office. 

4    John  A  Prather .Presiding  county  judge. 

2    James  W.  Harrison Associate  county  jndge. 

2    John  A.  Lockhart "  "  " 

4     William  B.  Steele County  clerk. 

Samuel  J.  Andrews Deputy  county  clerk  (appointed). 

4    John  P.  Strother,  Saline  Co . .  Circuit  judge. 
4    John  E.  Ryland Criminal  judge. 

John  S.  Black  well Prosecuting  attorney. 

Frank  Trigg Clerk  of  the  circuit  and  criminal  courts- 

C.  B.  Daniel Deputy  circuit  clerk  (appointed). 

2    James  B.  Hord Probate  judge. 

Samuel  M.  Harris Probate  clerk  (appointed). 

Benjamin  Elliott Sheriff. 

Benjamin  G.  Chinn Deputy  sheriff  and  jailor  (appointed). 

Joseph  Bowman Deputy  sheriff. 

2     Benjamin  R.  Ireland Treasurer. 

4    Jacob  D.  Conner Recorder. 

2     Zach  S.  Mitchell Assessor. 

2     Geo.  M.  Mountjoy Collector. 

S.  S.  Reeder Deputy  collector  (appointed). 

2     Dr.  J.  G.  Russell Coroner. 

2     Geo.  M.  Catron County  schoool  commissioner. 

2     Benjamin  D.  Weedin County  surveyor. 

Rev.  L.  B.  Wright Supt.  county  poor  farm  (appointed). 

POSTOFFICES   IN    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 1881. 

In  Clay  township — Greenton,  Napoleon,  Waterloo,  Wellington. 

In  Davis  township — Higginsville. 

In  Dover  township — Corder,  Dover,  Page  City. 

In  Freedom  township — Aullville,  Concordia. 

In  Lexington  township — Lexington. 

In  Middleton  township — Alma  (it  absorbed  Dick  P.  O.),  Waverly. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  305 

In  Sniabar  township — Bates  City,  on  line  between  Sniabar  and  Clay 
townships  (it  absorbed  Sny  P.  O.),  Chapel  Hill,  Odessa,  on  line  between 
Sniabar  and  Clay  townships  (it  absorbed  Mount  Hope  P.  O.). 

In  Washington  township — De  Motte  (established  this  year),  Mayview, 
Tabo. 

COUNTY    FINANCES. 

The  first  assessor  of  Lillard  county  was  Wm.  Y.  C.  Ewing,  appointed 
April  23,  1821 ;  and  the  first  tax  collector  was  Markham  Fristoe,  appointed 
at  the  same  time,  his  bondsmen  being  Isaac  Clarke  and  Thomas  Fristoe. 
Markham  Fristoe  was  also,  on  April  24th,  appointed  constable  of  Sniabar 
township.  Wm.  Christie  is  mentioned  at  the  same  time  as  the  "  auditor 
of  public  accounts,"  he  being  the  State  officer  to  whom  all  county  financial 
matters  must  be  certified.  July  23d  Young  Ewing  is  mentioned  as  county 
treasurer,  but  there  is  no  record  of  how  or  when  he  first  received  the 
office.  The  same  date,  W.  Y.  C.  Ewing  is  allowed  $30  for  services  as 
assessor.  The  first  mention  of  county  funds  occurs  at  this  date.  The 
county  treasurer  acknowledged  in  open  court  that  he  had  received  from 
Abraham  McClelland  the  sum  of  $40,  which  was  now  subject  to  the  order 
of  the  court. 

This  singular  entry  appears  July  24th:  "  Ordered  that  the  collector  of 
this  county  collect  thirty-seven  per  cent,  on  all  species  of  property  liable  to 
taxation  as  stated  in  the  assessor's  book,  and  pay  the  same  to  the  county 
treasurer,  as  the  law  directs," — meaning,  of  course,  thirty-seven  per  cent 
of  the  levy,  although  it  reads  thirty-seven  per  cent,  of  the  whole  property. 
On  November  5th  the  collector  reports  a  delinqent  list  amounting  to  $8.97. 
Another  entry  on  the  same  day  shows  that  the  total  tax  collection  for 
1822  was  $168.17|. 

The  first  tax  book  of  the  county,  in  1821,  shows  188  resident  and  7 
non-resident  taxpayers,  and  the  taxable  property  foots  up  thus: 

Tax  on  total  valuation $199.72^ 

"       bachelors 38.00 

"       watches 9.12 

"       carriages 6.00 

"household  furniture 1.00 

Total  amount  of  State  tax $253.84£ 

If  the  list  of  names  of  taxpayers  only  included  residents  within  the  pres- 
ent territory  of  Lafayette  county,  we  would  give  all  the  names  and  their 
assessed  valuation  of  property ;  but  the  county  at  that  time  embraced  terri- 
tory which  has  since  been  formed  into  seven  other  counties,  and  the  tax- 
payers were  widely  scattered 


306  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

TAX    ON    BACHELORS — 1821. 

In  1821  the  State  of  Missouri  levied  a  special  tax  on  "  unmarried  white 
males  above  21  and  under  50  years."  The  first  tax  list  of  Lafayette  county 
(then  called  Lillard)  gives  the  following  list  of  bachelors  thus  taxed:  Aaron 
Bryant,  Thomas  Blakey,  John  Bastick,  David  Blevins,  James  Ball,  Solo- 
mon Catron,  Gabriel  Chineth,  Joseph  Cox,  Elijah  Demasters,  Isaac  Duna- 
way,  Moses  Day,  Alexander  Dunbar,  Robert  Ewing,  Green  Hughes > 
Wm.  Hall,  Amos  Horn,  John  Ingram,  Zachariah  Linville,  Green  McCaf- 
ferty,  Thomas  McCafferty,  Hugh  McCafferty,  Robert  Renick,  George 
Stevens,  John  Sallady,  Isaiah  Tribble,  Elijah  Tate,  Henderson  Wheeler,. 
Wm.  Wallace,  Wm.  Young,  Jr.,  James  Young — total,  31.  All  these  men 
were  specially  taxed  for  the  "luxury  "  of  living  in  the  county  without 
incurring  the  cares  and  responsibilities  of  the  "head  of  a  family,"  and  this 
special  tax  for  that  year  amounted  in  all  to  $38.  This  tax  seems  to  have 
been  abolished  after  the  first  year,  for  the  term  "  unmarried  "  does  not 
occur  in  the  tax  lists  of  subsequent  years.  But  the  "  tax  on  bachelors"' 
was  for  many  years  thereafter  a  favorite  joke  among  the  ladies. 

COUNTY  TAX  LIST  FOR  1828 — ABSTRACT. 

What  tax  is  on.  Number.  Value.  Total  tax. 

White  males,  [poll  tax] 315  $157.50 

Land-acres 17,118.91  $22,617.00  56.54* 

Town  lots 71.50  4,607.50  ll.Slf 

Improvements 136  8,400.00  21.0,0 

Slaves       239  59,665.00  149.16* 

Horses    713  23,407.00  58.51| 

Cattle 1,459  9,306.00  23.26i 

Watches     21  396.00  .99 

Tanvards 3  140.00  .35 

Distilleries 4  360.00  .90 

Mills 4  225.00  .56* 

Carriages 3  415.00  1.03| 

Added  at  court 3.16 

Total $487.5Hi 

The  total  tax  on  non-resident  owners  of  lands  and  lots  at  the  same 
date  was  $42.26*. 

The  above  document  is  certified  by  Markham  Fristre,  assessor,  and 
Young  Ewing,  county  clerk.  The  county  had  not  yet  obtained  an  official 
seal,  so  Mr.  Ewing  "affixed  his  private  seal,"  which  consisted  of  a 
four-rayed  star  cut  out  of  white  paper,  the  rays  measuring  three  inches 
diameter  from  point  to  point,  and  stuck  on  to  the  document  with  a  red 
sealing  wafer  such  as  were  in  use  at  that  time. 


history  of  Lafayette  county.  307 

financial  statement  of  lafayette  county,  for  1870. 

Lands,  acres 387,678.40 

Town  lots 3,846  00 

Valuation  of   $5,788,848.00 

All  personal  property 2,569,128.00 

Total $8,357,976.00 

State  revenue  tax $  20,894.94 

State  interest  tax 20,897.71 

Countv  tax 41,813.29 

Road  tax 19,872.34 

Poor  house  tax 13,301.73 

Lexington  and  St.  Louis  R.  R.  tax 62,798.83 

Bridge  tax 16,716.21 

County  interest  tax 20,899.10 

Lexington  township  R.  R.  tax 9,344.28 

Total $     226,588.41 

Township  school  tax  is  not  included  in  the  above  statement.      The  rate 
of  school  tax  for  Lexington  township  was  69  cents  on  $100. 

VALUATION  OF  PERSONAL  PROPERTY  IN  LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  FOR  1876. 

8,226  horses,  valued  at $  290,273 

3,793  mules  and  asses 171,347 

21,300  neat  cattle 245,768 

8,017    sheep 8,082 

30,664  hogs 103,067 

Money,  notes  and  bonds 616,058 

Personal  property 243,298 

Household  property 226,249 

Total $1,904,142 

FINANCIAL   STATEMENT,    1881. 

Abstract  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  Lafayette  county  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  December  1,  1880: 

County  expense  fund,  total  receipts, $  26,772.62 

Disbursements : 

By  criminal  court $  5,032.15 

By  circuit  court 1,242.20 

By  county  court 6,108.26 

By  probate  court 110.00 

Miscellaneous  items 9,770.38 

Total  disbursements. . $  22,262.99 

Balance  on  hand  December  1,  1880 $    4,509.63 


308  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

DIFFERENT   COUNTY    FUNDS. 
What  Fund  Receipts.       Disbursements.  Bal.  on  Hand. 

Poor  house $  6,642.21     $    3,556.80     $    3,075.41 

Road  and  bridge 5,291.13  8,667.91              * 

County  railroad 169.07  169.07 

County   interest 68.08  f                        5.72 

Poor  house  interest 10.60  10.60 

Redemption  land 23.07  23.07 

Lexington   township  railroad 26.33  26.33 

Washington        "             "          10.35  10.35 

Sniabar                "            "         10.42  10.42 

Middleton           "            "         193.40  193.40 

Davis                    "             "         231.56  45.15             186.41 

Freedom             "            "         489.89  42.30            447.59 

Sinking,  county  int.  and  school 1,217.66  1,077.10             140.56 

Compromise 69,437.12  48,181.86        21,255.26 

State  fund:— Balance  on  hand  at  settlement,  December  2, 1879,  $280.72. 
This  amount  was  transferred  to  the  state  treasurer,  and  his  receipt  there- 
for placed  on  file. 

GENERAL   STATISTICS    1879-80. 

[Compiled  from  State  Auditor's  Report,  January  1,  1881.] 
Total  state  revenue  received  from  Lafayette  county  in  1879:  Revenue 
fund,  $19,118.48;   interest   fund,   $12,767.87.     In    1880:   Revenue   fund, 
$22,183.99;  interest  fund,  $26,022.73. 

Costs  in  criminal  cases,  by  state  warrants  issued  fo  Frank  Trigg,  cir- 
cuit clerk,  in  1879,  $5,336.19;  in  1880,  $2,034.12.  Warrants  issued  to 
Geo.  M.  Mountjoy,  county  sheriff,  in  1879,  $298.50;  in  1880,  $188.50. 
Number  of  convicts  in  1879,  14;  cost  of  transportation,  $265.50.  Number 
of  convicts  in  1880,  10;  cost  of  transportation,  $172.50. 
Cost  of  assessing  and  collecting  the  revenue: 

Warrants    is-       Warrants  is- 
sued 1879.  sued  1880. 

To  Wm.  B.  Steele,  county  clerk $    594.07  $    689.96 

To  Wm.  C.  White,  assessor 943.87  1,044.54 

To  P.  S.  Fulkerson  collector 72.63  64.23 

To  R.  B.  Ireland  treasurer 14.14 

Totals $1,610.57    $  1,812.87 

The  state  school  money  issued  to  Lafayette  county  in  1879  was  $6,124.- 

15;  in  1880,  $6,140.98. 

Uuder  the  head  of  "Bonded  Debt  of  Counties"  occurs  the  following 

table,  which  will  be  of  interest  and  value  to  preserve: 

♦Balance  due  treasurer,  $3,376.78. 
•(•Transferred  to  sinking  fund  $62.36. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  309 

County.  Date  Issue.         Amt.  Issued.  For  What  Purpose. 

Lafayette 1869      $488,700     . . .  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  R.  R. 

Lafayette 1870         251,000     . .  .Lexington  &  St.  Louis  R.  R. 

Lafayette 1871  20,000     . . .  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  R.  R. 

Lafayette 1869  98,500      Funding  County  Debt. 

Lafayette 1870         102,000      Funding  County  Debt. 

Lafayette 1871  45,000     Funding  County  Debt. 

Lafayette 1876         631,000      .  .  .  Compromise  of  above  bonds. 

Lexington  Twp. ..  75,000     .  .Lexington  &  St.  Joseph  R.  R. 

Lexington  Twp. . .  75,000     Chillicothe  &  Gulf  R.  R. 

Washington   Twp  75,000     Chillicothe  &  Gulf  R.  R. 

Sniabar  Twp 35,000     Chillicothe  &  Gulf  R.  R. 

Middleton  Twp . . .  17,000     Tebo  &  Neosho  R.  R. 

Freedom  Twp. . .  25,000     .  .  .Lexington  &  St.  Louis  R.  R. 

Davis  Twp 10,000     . . .  Lexington  &  St  Louis  R.  R. 

Of  the  Lexington  and  St.  Louis  R.  R.  bonds  of  the  county,  the 
amount  compromised  was  $578,900;  amount  outstanding,  $44,900; 
amount  in  litigation,  $11,000;  amount  canceled  and  paid,  $131,900.  Of 
bonds  for  funding  the  county  debt,  amount  compromised,  $95,250;  amount 
outstanding,  $65,000;  amount  in  litigation,  $41,000;  amount  canceled  and 
paid,  $81,250.  Of  the  compromise  bonds  there  were  still  outstanding 
$611,900,  and  $19,200  had  been  canceled  and  paid.  The  Lexington  and 
St  Joe  R.  R.  bonds  had  been  declared  unconstitutional  by  the  U.  S. 
supreme  court;  nevertheless  they  are  still  out  in  claimants'  hands.  All 
the  other  township  bonds  are  outstanding,  with  accrued  interest  from  date 
of  issue. 

There  were  in  Lafayette  county  28  dram  shops  (?)  [that's  all  that  were 
reported  to  the  state  Auditor],  and  for  these  the  state  licenses  amounted 
to  $1,295.76;  the  county  licenses  to  $2,593.81.  The  column  for  wine  and 
beer  saloons  is  left  blank,  none  reported;  and  only  two  drug  stores  in  the 
county  licensed  to  sell  liquors.  The  state  liquor  license  is  $50  per  year, 
and  the  county  license  $100. 

The  assessment  returns  of  valuations  gives  number  of  acres,  491,645 ; 
valuation,  $4,493,855;  average  value  per  acre,  $11.47.  Number  of  town 
lots,  6,575;  valuation  $988,500;  average  value,  $150.34.  Total  value  of 
real  estate  in  the  county,  $5,4S2,355.  Of  live  stock  and  other  personal 
items,  there  were: 

No.  Valuation. 

Horses 9,172     $294,365 

Mules 4,122        174,645 

Asses  and  Jennets 36           2,525 

Neat  Cattle 20,290       272,140 

Sheep 13,709         15,920 

Hogs 37,457          83,480 

Money,  bonds  and  notes 717,155 

Brokers  and  exchange  dealers 113,100 

Corporate  companies 30,150 

All  other  personal  property 604,050 


310  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Total  personal  property,  $2,307,530 ;  total  taxable  wealth  of  the  county 
$8,789,885. 

In  1880  only  69  counties  paid  anything  for  wolf  scalps,  and  among 
these  wras  .Lafayette,  $10.  The  highest  amount  paid  was  by  Atchison 
county,  $143;  the  lowest  amount  was  by  Pettis  and  Platte  counties,  only 
$1.50  each. 


RAILROAD  HISTORY  OF   LAFAYETTE  COUNTY. 


VIEW  ON   THE   CHICAGO  &  ALTON  R.    R.,  TWO   MILES  WEST  OF  GLAS- 
GOW.    EMIGRANT  TRAIN  GOING  WEST. 

In  1858  and  1859,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  Company  was  pushing 
its  line  westward  with  a  good  deal  of  enterprise  and  vigor;  and,  as  nearly 
all  of  our  western  lines  have  done,  they  were  running  it  through  those 
towns,  cities  and  counties  which  offered  the  largest  bonus.  The  people 
of  Lexington  and  Lafayette  county  saw  that  they  must  "  struggle  for 
existence,"  if  they  were  going  to  "survive  as  the  fittest "  in  the  on-coming 
railroad  age.  They  met  the  issue  boldly  and  struck  out  with  a  strong 
hand  to  hold  their  vantage  ground.  In  1859,  the  matter  had  got  pretty 
well  warmed  up,  and  after  harvest  several  public  meetings  were  held  to 
discuss  and  consider  the  situation.  These  culminated  in  the  following 
proceedings  of  the  county  court,  which  are  the  first  official  record  of  any 
railroad  matters  within  the  county: 

Monday,  October  iy,  1S59. — Now,  at  this  day,  came  Thomas  P.  Akers, 
R.  C.  Vaughan  and  Wm.  S.  Field,  a  committee  appointed  at  a  public 
meeting  of  the  citizens  of  said  county,  and  present  to  the  court  here  a 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  311 

report  made  to  said  meeting  respecting  the  project  of  a  railroad,  which 
report  is  in  the  words  and  figures  as  follows: 

"  We,  Thompson  M.  Ewing,  Wm.  Shields,  Stephen  S.  Neill,  John  Reid, 
Edward  Winsor,  G,  J.  Blewett,  Eldredge  Burden,  Robort  B.  Smith,  Rich- 
ard Vaughan,  Alfred  James,  Samuel  Warren,  and  Wm.  S.  Felds,  a  part 
of  the  committee  appointed  at  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Lafayette 
county  on  the  19th  day  of  September,  J 859,  for  the  purpose  of  reporting 
business  for  a  mass  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  said  county,  to  be  holden 
at  the  fair  ground  of  said  county  on  the  11th  day  of  October,  1859,  beg 
leave  to  submit  the  following  as  our  report: 

"  That  whereas,  In  the  present  progressive  age  of  the  world,  it  is  em- 
barrassing to  an  intelligent  community  to  live  without  the  beneficial  influ- 
ences of  railroads;  that  we  live  in  the  center  of  a  community  unsurpassed 
on  the  American  continent  in  point  of  national  advantages;  our  soil,  cli- 
mate and  central  position,  combine  to  make  our  county  lovely  and  desira- 
ble: that  we  have  a  population  of  moral,  liberal,  industrious  and  enter- 
prising people;  that  our  county  is  possessed  of  a  large  amount  of  wealth, 
her  taxable  property  exceeding  nine  millions  of  dollars,  with  the  present 
low  grade  of  valuation  placed  upon  it  by  our  county  assessors;  that  we 
believe  a  reasonable,  fair  selling  estimate  of  the  value  of  taxable  prop- 
erty now  in  our  county,  is  not  short  of  fourteen  millions  of  dollars;  that 
in  five  years,  with  a  railroad  running  through  our  county,  the  value  of 
her  taxable  property  would  run  up  to  twenty  millions  of  dollars.  That  in 
view  of  these  facts,  we  believe  our  county  can  pay  half  a  million  of  dol- 
lars toward  the  construction  of  some  great  railroad  outlet  and  inlet  to  and 
from  the  center  of  our  county,  without  difficulty  or  embarrassment;  that 
we  believe  the  most  practicable  route  for  us  at  present  to  undertake  to 
construct  is  a  road  leading  from  a  point  on  the  Pacific  road  between  George- 
town and  Knob  Noster,  the  most  practicable  point  to  be  ascertained  by 
actual  survey  from  said  beginning  point  on  the  nearest  and  best  line  to  the 
city  of  Lexington,  and  thence  up  the  river  on  the  most  practicable  line  to 
Kansas  City.  That  Jackson  county,  Kansas  city,  and  other  influences 
west  will  be  amply  sufficient  to  insure  the  completion  of  said  contem- 
plated road  from  Lexington  to  Kansas  City,  and  therefore  it  behooves 
Lafayette  county  more  especially  to  look  to  the  completion  of  said  road 
from  said  beginning  point  to  the  city  of  Lexington. 

In  consideration  of  all  of  which  facts,  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  to- wit:  That  we  ask  the  Honorable  County  Court  of  Lafay- 
ette county  to  subscribe  half  a  million  of  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  build- 
ing a  road  from  said  beginning  point  to  the  City  of  Kansas,  by  way  of 
Lexington,  and  to  be  applied  towards  the  construction  of  that  part  of  said 
road  between  said  beginning  point  and  Lexington,  to  be  paid  in  five  equal 
annual  installments,  the  first  beginning  in  1861:  To  be  subscribed  to  such 
company  as  the  said  court  may  think  best,  and  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
allow  each  taxpayer  to  become  a  stockholder  in  such  company  to  the 
amount  of  the  taxes  he  may  pay.  The  county,  inher  corporate  capacity 
not  to  retain  any  stock  after  all  the  subscription  shall  have  been  paid  up; 
but  to  remain  a  stockholder  to  the  extent  of  half  a  million  dollars  until  fhe 
first  installment  shall  have  been  paid,  and  certificates  of  stock  issued  to 
the  taxpayers,  then  to  be  reduced  one-fifth,  and  in  the  like  ratio  each  year 
until  all  the  stock  is  paid  up. 


312  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

Second,  That  in  order  to  test  the  voice  of  the  people  of  the  county  upon 
this  proposition,  a  poll  be  opened  at  the  respective  places  of  voting  in  said 
county,  on  the  14th  day  of  November,  1859,  and  that  each  voter  of  the 
county  be  requested  to  vote  for  or  against  the  proposition ;  and  that  poll 
books  be  prepared  and  opened  for  that  purpose;  a  majority  of  those  voting 
to  govern  the  court. 

Third,  That  we  desire  our  county  court  to  reserve  a  controling  and 
protecting  influence  in  said  subscription,  and  guard  our  interests  from 
fraud,  and  misapplication  of  our  means,  and  to  see  that  our  money  shall 
not  be  spent  without  the  certainty «of  procuring  the  road. 

Fourth,  Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by  this  meet- 
ing, to  present  these  resolutions  to  the  county  court.  All  of  which  is 
respectfully  submitted. 

Wm.  L.  Field,  chairman. 

Said  committee  further  present  to  the  court  here  the  proceedings  (in 
part,)  of  an  adjournec  session  of  said  public  meeting,  in  words  as  follows: 

On  motion  of  Hon.  S.  F.  Taylor,  that  portion  of  the  report  (above), 
which  made  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  same  (said  proposed  railroad)  the 
most  available  point  between  Georgetown  and  Knob  Noster,  was  stricken 
out,  and  "  that  point  where  the  Pacific  railroad  line  crosses  the  stream, 
Muddy,  west  of  Georgetown,  or  its  vicinity,  was  designated  and  made  the 
point  of  termination." 

Order  of  Court — And  all  and  singular  the  premises  being  seen,  it  is 
ordered  by  the  court  here  that  an  election  be  held  at  the  several  voting 
precincts  in  Lafayette  county  on  Monday,  the  14th  day  of  November, 
1859,  to  test  the  sense  of  the  people  on  the  proposition  that  said  county 
shall  subscribe  the  sum  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  as  stock  in  said 
proposed  railroad  upon  the  terms,  conditions,  limitations  and  restrictions 
set  forth  in  the  report  and  resolutions  copied  above  and  adopted  by  said 
public  meeting  hereinbefore  mentioned." 

The  above  court  record  was  made  October  17.  On  November  7th  the 
court  recorded  this — 

"  Additional  Order  in  relation  to  the  proposed  railroad  subscription.  It 
is  hereby  further  ordered  that  this  court  will  not  be  bound  to  make  any 
subscription  to  a  railroad  from  Lexington  to  the  Pacific  railroad  until 
there  is  an  act  of  the  Legislature  passed  that  will  make  the  tax  levied  for 
railroad  purposes  applicable  to  all  taxable  property  in  the  city  of  Lexing- 
ton and  all  incorporated  towns  in  the  county  of  Lafayette,  any  law  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding  that  exempts  the  property  within  the  county  of 
any  corporation  in  the  county  of  Lafayette  aforesaid.  It  is  further  ordered 
that  this  court  will  not  authorize  the  collection  and  payment  of  any  rail- 
road tax  until  there  shall  have  been  made  actual  survey  and  estimates  of 
cost  of  said  proposed  road." 

November  14th,  1859,  the  election  was  held  as  ordered.  This  was  the 
first  vote  ever  taken  in  the  county  on  any  railroad  proposition,  and  the  fol- 
lowing table  shows  how  the  vote  stood: 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  313 

For  Against  Total 

appropriation,    appropriation,      vote. 

Clay  township 33  199  232 

Davis         "       98  1  99 

Dover        "       93  76  169 

Freedom  "      (east  precinct) 136  8  144 

Freedom  "      (west  precinct) 92  21  113 

Lexington  township 470  46  516 

Lexington  city 599  19  618 

Middleton  township 94  80  174 

Sniabar  township 3  163  166 

Washington  township 50  144  194 

Totals 1,668  757      2,425 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  at  this  time  the  constitution  of  the  state 
did  not  lay  any  restriction  or  limitation  upon  the  voting  of  bonds  to  rail- 
roads, *  etc., — and  the  above  votes  were  entirely  legal,  although  some 
fraudulent  operations  were  carried  on  in  after  years  under  pretended 
authority  of  these  votes.  But  the  new  constitution  adopted  in  1865  (after 
the  war)  did  expressly  provide  safeguards  against  the  too  easy  voting  of 
public  bonds. 

December  20th,  1859,  the  court  appointed  Thomas  G.  Smith  as  agent 
of  the  county  on  railroad  matters;  but  on  January  7th,  1S60,  the  appoint- 
ment of  Smith  was  rescinded,  and  the  following  appears  of  record: 

Whereas,  the  people  of  Lafayette  county  have  signified  by  an  election 
heretofore  held  their  desire  that  this  court  on  behalf  of  said  county  should 
subscribe  the  sum  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  as  stock  in  said  pro- 
posed road  under  the  orders,  restrictions  and  limitations  herein  and  here- 
tofore made  by  this  court.  It  is  therefore  ordered  by  the  court  that  Charles 
S.  Tarleton  be  appointed  to  make  said  subscription,  and  in  all  matters  relat- 
ing thereto  to  represent  said  county  and  this  court,  and  generally  in  refer- 
ence to  said  proposed  road  to  represent  and  act  for  said  county. 

The  county  judges  at  this  time  were  T.  G.  Smith,  Richard  Carr,  and 
Charles  S.  Tarleton. 

March  6, 1860,  by  the  court  it  is  "Ordered  that  the  act  of  Charles  S. 
Tarleton  as  the  agent  of  this  court  to  represent  Lafayette  county  and'  to 
subscribe  the  stock  to  the  Lexington  and  Georgetown  railroad  be 
approved  by  this  court."  But  it  is  recorded  that  Richard  Carr  dissented 
from  this  order. 

June  11,  1860,  the  court  ordered  its  agent,  Judge  Tarleton,  "to  make 
said  subscription  final,  as  soon  as  the  directory  of  the  Pacific  Railroad 
Compnay  shall  have  confirmed  the  contract  heretofore  agreed  upon 
between  their  committee  and  the  fiscal  agent  of  the  Lexington  and  St.  Louis 
Railroad   Company."     Judge  Carr  filed  his  dissent  against  this  order 

*Under  the  constitution  the  county  court  had  full  power  to  issue  or  not  to  issue  bonds,, 
without  any  vote  of  the  people  at  all ;  but  the  court  very  wisely  wanted  a  vote  of  the  people 
on  so  grave  a  matter,  to  stand  in  the  nature  of  instructions  by  the  people  to  their  agents. 
The  later  constitution  made  special  provision  for  this. 


314  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

also.  And  just  what  the  "contract  agreed  upon"  was,  we  could  not  learn. 
Nothing  appears  of  record  again  until  July  2,  1861,  when  this  entry 
ocurrs:  "Lexington  and  St.  Louis  railroad  company  against  the  county 
court  of  Lafayette  county,"  etc. 

It  appears  that  Judge  Tarlton  had  refused  to  make  the  county's  sub- 
scription final,  because  the  railroad  company  did  not  comply  with  the 
conditions  upon  which  the  county  had  voted  to  give  its  aid.  He  was  sus- 
tained in  the  refusal  by  the  county  court;  and  thereupon  the  railroad  com-- 
pany  locked  horns  with  the  court  and  rushed  into  a  sort  of  "bulldosing" 
litigation.  They  obtained  a  writ  of  mandamus  from  the  supreme  court  of 
the  State,  requiring  the  county  court  to  "show  cause,"  etc.,  ajid  their 
answer  was  made  July  2,  1861.  In  this  document  they  recite  many  points 
of  fact  elaborately  and  in  detail;  but  the  gist  of  the  whole  matter  is  that  the 
county's  agent,  Judge  Tarlton,  had  subscribed  for  $450,000  of  stock  in 
"the  said  proposed  railroad  on  which  the  vote  of  the  people  had  been 
taken  in  November  previous  and  for  no  other  road"  But  the  railroad 
company  had  laid  out  and  let  contracts  for  a  line  greatly  different  from 
the  route  and  the  eastern  point  named  in  the  proposition  voted  upon  by  the 
county;  and  therefore  the  court  refused  to  issue  bonds  or  levy  any  taxes 
or  in  any  way  recognize  or  acknowledge  that  the  railroad  company  had 
any  soi  t  of  legal  claim  upon  the  county. 

The  railroad  company  had  fixed  their  initial  point  at  Farmers  City, 
fourteen  miles  farther  east  than  the  point  darned  by  the  voters  of  Lafay- 
ette county,  and  to  reach  Lexington  from  that  place  they  had  run  a  line 
as  crooked  as  a  dog's  hind  leg  over  the  eastern  part  of  Lafayette  county 
with  about  eighteen  miles  more  of  road  to  build,  besides  one  costlv  bridge 
more  than  was  called  for  by  the  route  voted  upon.  They  also  showed 
fraudulent  and  illegal  procedures  by  the  railroad  board  of  directors.  But 
now  the  war  came  on  and  interpreted  all  further  proceedings  in  the  mat- 
ter on  either  side  until  January  2,  1866,  when  the  county  court  filed  an 
additional  answer  to  the  mandamus  of  1861,  reciting  reasons  which  enti- 
tled them  to  judgment,  and  to  be  dismissed  from  court,  and  they  were  so 
dismissed. 

In  January  and  February,  1868,  meetings  were  held  at  about  twenty 
different  places  in  the  county,  with  a  view  of  voting  $500,000  to  any  rail- 
road company  that  would  build  a  line  entirely  across  the  county.  A 
printed  list  of  speakers  at  these  meetings  shows  the  names  of  Judge 
Norman  Lackland,  Judge  Wm.  T.  Wood,  Judge  Wm.  Walker,  Col. 
John  Reid,  Dr.  J.  G.  Russell,  E.  Winsor,  Esq.,  H.  C.  Wallace,  Esq.;  Col. 
Mark  L.  De  Motte,  John  R.  Bennett,  Esq.,  and  M.  F.  Gordon,  Esq. 

The  result  of  these  meetings  was  a  petition  to  the  county  court  for  an 
order  of  election.  The  election  was  ordered  to  be  held  on  March  7,  1868, 
and  the  conditions  specified  were,  that  the  road  should  run  through  the 


HISTORY    OF    LA.YFAETTE    COUNTY.  315 

county  so  as  to  accommodate  the  largest  farming  interest  and  the  great- 
est number  of  citizens,  and  should  establish  a  depot  in  the  city  of  Lexing- 
ton. Also,  no  bonds  should  be  issued  until  enough  had  been  subscribed 
along  the  line  to  grade  and  tie  it  from  Louisiana,  Mo.,  to  the  west  line  of 
Lafayette  county;  and  all  of  this  county's  subscription  should  be  used  for 
work  within  the  county.  These  were  the  safeguards  which  were  thrown 
around  the  proposition.     The  result  of  the  vote  was: 

For  Against 

Townships.  Bonds.  Bonds.  Choice  of  Roads. 

Clay 131  143     Louisiana,  131 

Davis 68  17             "             51     St.  Louis.  28 

Dover 144  26              "           146     . 

Freedom 35  262 

Lexington 763  73              "           754                 "         9 

Middleton 132  21 

Sniabar 1  173 

Washington 29  148 

Total 1,303  863  1,082  37 

So  $500,000  of  county  bonds  were  voted  to  be  issued  to  the  Louisiana 
and  Missouri  river  railroad,  by  440  majority.  But  the  terms  were  never 
met,  and  these  bonds  were  never  issued;  yet  this  company's  claim  was 
eventually  intermixed  with  that  of  the  old  original  bonds  voted  for  the 
Lexington  and  St.  Louis  road,  and  in  that  way  were  forced  out.  See 
book  12,  page  275,  of  county  records,  under  date  of  August  2,  1870. 

The  above  election  was  held,  upon  the  assurance  of  some  of  the  ablest 
lawyers  in  the  state,  that  the  old  original  bonds  voted  to  the  Lexington 
and  St.  Louis  railroad  in  1859  were  dead,  outlawed,  utterly  defunct, 
beyond  any  possibility  of  resurrection  as  a  claim  against  Lafayette  county. 
But  in  spite  of  this,  on  April  9,  1868,  immediately  following  the  election, 
the  attorney  of  the  Lexington  and  St.  Louis  railroad  company,  Amos 
Green,  appeared  before  the  county  court  and  made  three  several  motions, 
trying  to  get  the  court  to  issue  the  bonds  that  had  been  voted,  but  the 
motions  were  all  overruled. 

The  railroad  company  then  entered  suit  in  the  court  of  common  pleas 
(we  have  no  such  court  now)  against  the  county  court.  This  cause  had 
fourteen  several  hearings  before  that  court,  and  finally,  July  7,  1868,  a  per- 
emptory writ  of  mandamus  was  issued,  requiring  the  county  court  to  issue 
to  the  Lexington  and  St.  Louis  railroad  company  bonds  to  the  amount  of 
$498,750.*  The  county  court  thereupon  issued  the  bonds,  under  protest, 
and  so  they  got  out  upon  the  market. 

November,  1868,  George  H.  Ambrose  took  his  seat  as  one  of  the 
county  judges,  the  others  being  Jesse  Schofield  and  N.  W.  Letton.  From 

*  $1250  of  the  original  $500,000  had  already  been  issued  and  used  up  on  the  surveys 
within^he  county. 


316  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

this  time  forward  numerous  issues  were  made  of  county  and  township 
bonds,  which  subsequently  came  into  sharp  and  protracted  litigation. 

May  5,  1869,  Geo.  H.  Ambrose,  president  of  the  county  court,  was 
elected  president  of  the  Lexington  and  St.  Louis  railroad  company  also. 
The  Lafayette  county  men  who  were  directors  at  this  time  were  Gen.  J. 
O.  Shelby,  Judge  G.  H.  Ambrose,  H.  J.  Higgins,  C.  B.  Russell,  Fletcher 
Patrick,  Amos  Green  and  James  H.  Beatty. 

May  18  work  was  commenced  at  Lexington  on  the  Lexington  and  St. 
Louis  railroad,  and  this  was  the  first  railroad  work  done  in  Lafayette 
county.     Wood  and  Lillis  were  the  contractors. 

September  25,  1869,  Dover  township  voted  a  township  tax  of  $25,000 
to  aid  the  proposed  Louisiana  and  Missouri  River  railroad.  These  bonds, 
however,  were  never  issued;  and  $10,000  of  county  bonds  issued  for  this 
road  were  afterward  declared  void — illegal — by  the  U.  S.  circuit  court,  in 
November,  1875. 

October  18,  1869,  twenty-five  resident  free-holders  of  Sniabar  township 
petitioned  for  an  election,  so  the  county  records  say,  to  vote  $35,000  of 
township  bonds  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  "the  Lexington,  Chillicothe 
and  Gulf  railroad."    The  election  was  ordered  for  Nov.  13,  1869. 

December  6,  1869,  the  court  recites  that  the  following  townships  have 
voted,  by  over  two-thirds  majority,  their  township  bonds  to  aid  in  the  con- 
struction of  "the  Lexington,  Chillicothe  and  Gulf  railroad": 

Lexington  township  voted $75,000 

Sniabar  "  "     35,000 

Washington      "  "      75,000 

And  the  court  on  that  day  ordered  the  said  subscriptions  to  be  made  in 
accordance  with  the  propositions  in  each  township  and  the  votes  given 
thereon.     (Record  book  No.  11,  pp.  459-60.) 

April  7,  1860,  Dover  and  Middleton  townships  held  elections  to  vote 
$50,000  of  their  township  bonds  to  aid  the  Louisiana  and  Missouri  River 
railroad.  The  law  disfranchising  partisans  of  the  rebellion  was  still  in 
force;  but  to  meet  this  obnoxious  condition  both  registered  and  unregis- 
tered men  were  called  upon  to  vote,  and  the  result  was  thus: 

For  Bonds.    Ag'nt  Bonds.    Majorities. 

Dover  township — Registered  votes 126  34  92 

Unregistered  "   14  8  6 

Totals 140  42  98 

Middleton  township — Registered  votes 80  16  64 

Unregistered  " 73  15  58 

Totals 153  31  122 

The  great  mass  of  the  disfranchised  refused  to  vote  at  all,  but  on  the 
contrary  held  a  remonstrance  meeting  at  Oakland  church,  in  Dover  town- 


i? 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  317 

ship,  on  April  11,  four  days  after  the  election,  and  among  other  things 
adopted  the  following: 

"Resolved,  That  we  consider  said  election,  by  which  our  burdensome 
taxes  are  to  be  so  fearfully  increased,  is  an  intolerable  outrage  upon  the 
rights  of  disfranchised  property  holders."  In  another  resolution  they 
pledged  themselves  to  subscribe  individually  at  the  rate  of  $1.25  per  acre 
on  their  land  to  the  stock  of  the  railroad  company,  in  lieu  of  the  bonds 
that  had  been  so  unreasonably  voted  upon  them.  And  to  secure  subscrip- 
tions or  pledges  for  this  scheme,  a  committee  was  appointed,  as  follows: 
L.  G.  Manypenny,  W.  Liese,  J.  Zentmeyer,  G.  Gorder,  J.  Peacock,  J.  J. 
Board,  J.  Lewisand  Isaac  Neale.  The  secretary  of  the  meeting,  Wm.  G. 
Neale,  was  instructed  to  send  a  copy  of  the  proceedings  to  the  president 
of  the  L.  &  M.  R.  railroad  company,  and  also  to  each  of  the  county 
papers  for  publication.     Frank  M.  Field  was  chairman  of  the  meeting. 

The  road  was  projected  to  cross  the  Missouri  river  at  Glasgow,  and  run 
thence  by  the  straightest  practicable  route  to  Lexington.  The  Lexington 
Register  the  next  week  after  the  above  vote  was  taken,  and  meeting  held, 
said  editorially:  "We  have  reliable  information  that  this  road  will  be  put 
under  contract  through  this  county  in  May  next"  (within  a  month).  But 
the  road  was  never  built,  and  the  bonds  as  voted  were  declared  by  the 
courts  to  be  illegal. 

July  19,  1870,  a  few  citizens,  25  perhaps,  petitioned  the  county  court  to 
authorize  a  township  election  on  a  proposition  to  vote  $75,000  of  bonds  to 
aid  in  building  the  Northwestern  branch  of  the  Tebo  &  Neosho  railroad. 
The  election  was  ordered  for  August  20,  1870.  On  August  2d  the  court 
granted  the  right-of-way  for  this  railroad  across  the  public  highways  in 
Middleton,  Davis  and  Freedom  townships,  as  the  proposition  was  to  build 
from  Waverly  southward  through  those  townships  to  a  junction  with  the 
grade  of  the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad.  J.  D.  Miller,  L.  L.  Johnson, 
and  Paul  Boob  were  the  judges  of  this  bond  election — and  the  result  of 
the  vote  was:  For  the  bonds,  76;  against  bonds,  2 — majority  for  bonds, 
74.  The  record  shows  that  16  of  those  who  voted  for  the  bonds  were 
colored  men;  and  that  the  disfranchising  clause  of  the  constitution  of  1865 
was  still  in  force.  Gen.  J.  O.  Shelby  had  the  contract  to  build  the  road; 
work  was  commenced,  and  enough  done  to  require  the  issue  of  $17,000 
out  of  the  $75,000  authorized,  then  it  stopped  and  the  whole  thing  went 
dead.  But  the  people  had  the  $17,000  to  pay,  just  the  same.  Neosho  is 
the  county  seat  of  Newton  county,  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  state; 
and  this  road  was  originally  projected  from  there  up  northeasterly  to 
Warsaw,  on  the  Osage  river  near  the  mouth  of  Tebo  creek,  in  Benton 
county;  hence  the  "Tebo"  in  the  name  of  this  railroad  had  no  reference 
to  Tabo  creek  in  Lafayette  county. 

H 


318  HISTORx     OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

taxpayers'  CONVENTIONS. 

The  Lexington  Intelligencer  of  February  10,  1875,  contains  a  report  of 
a  committee  appointed  by  a  taxpayers'  convention  on  December  18,  1874, 
consisting  of  Wm.  T.  Gammon,  Wm.  C.  Beatie,  J.  C.  Lockhart,  W.  B. 
Major,  A.  A.  Lesueur.  Their  report  is  a  lengthy  and  elaborate  docu- 
ment, of  very  great  practical  importance  at  the  time,  and  furnishing  many 
staple  facts  in  the  mixed  and  troublesome  history  of  this  matter.  A  few 
curiosities  of  the  pool  of  tribulation  are  here  noted:  $75,000  of  bonds 
charged  to  Lexington  township  had  been  issued  to  the  St.  Louis  &  St. 
Joseph  railroad  in  Ray  county,  which  never  built  a  dollar's  worth  of  any- 
thing in  Lafayette  county.  These  bonds  were  afterwards  declared  void 
by  the  courts.  It  was  also  proved  in  court  that  they  had  been  fraudu- 
lently delivered  by  a  county  judge,  for  a  bribe  of  $200.  $35,000  of  bonds 
charged  to  Sniabar  township,  for  the  Lexington,  Chillicothe  &  Gulf  rail- 
road, had  been  issued  on  a  vote  of  41  persons,  mostly  non-taxpayers,  at  a 
time  when  ]  75  of  the  property  owners  were  disfranchised.  $75,000  of 
similar  bonds  charged  to  Washington  township  had  been  issued  in  the 
same  way.  $498,700  of  county  bonds  had  been  issued  by  the  county 
court  under  mandamus  from  the  court  of  common  pleas,  but  under  protest 
from  the  county  court  and  people.  Some  of  the  bonds  had  been  issued 
clandestinely  by  one  of  the  judges,  who  afterwards  secured  the  signature 
of  another  one.  Some  of  them  had  been  issued  by  a  judge  who  was  presi- 
dent of  the  county  court,  and  also  at  the  same  time  president  of  the  rail- 
road company  receiving  the  bonds.  $500,000  of  bonds  for  the  Louisiana 
&  Missouri  River  railroad  company  were  afterward  declared  void  by  the 
courts.  Indeed,  the  facts  brought  out  showed  that  there  was  a  perfect 
witches'-broth  of  corruption  stewing  in  Lafayette  county,  and  other 
counties,  too,  under  the  evil  eye  of  a  "  railroad  ring." 

RAILROAD    BONDS    OF    LAFAYETTE  COUNTY  AND   OF    THE    SEVERAL  TOWN- 
SHIPS. 

As  officially  reported  by  the  County  Clerk,  Dec.  iy,  1&J5. 

LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

To  whom  issued                Amount            What  for  Date  of  issue  When  due 

Lex.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.      $  75,000  Sub   to  stock  Jan.    1,  1869  Jan.  1,1879* 

182,000         "         •<  Jan.    1,  1869  Jan.    l,1879f 

190,000         "        "  Sep.  1,  1869  Sep.  1,  1879 

230,000         "        "  Aug.  1,  1870  Aug.l,  1880 

15,000         "         "  May  1,  1871  May  1,  1881 

11,000  Funding  Aug  12,1870  Jan.  1,  1879* 

$100  Bonds 

*The  rate  of  interest  on  these  bonds  was  six  per  cent,  payable  in  currency. 
fThe  interest  on  this  issue  was  six  per  cent  payable  in  gold.     The  rate  of  interest  on  all 
the  other  bonds  was  ten  per  cent  payable  in  currency. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


319 


LEXINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 

Amount  What  for            Date  of  issue               When  due 

$  37,500  Sub.  to  stock  Sep  10, 1868  Sep.  1,  1878 

37,500  "         "         Mar  15,1869  Mar.15,1879 

75,000  "         "        July  19, 1870  July  19,1875 

WASHINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 

Lex.  C.  &  Gulf  R.  R.  $.  15,000  Sub  to  stock  July  19,  1870  July  19,  1875 


To  whom  issued 

St.L.  &St.  Jo.  R.R. 

u         u  a         tt 

Lex.  C.  &  Gulf  R.  R. 


15,000 
15,000 
15,000 
15,000 
15,000 

SNIABAR   TOWNSHIP. 


1877 
187T 

1S79 

1881 
1883 


Lex.  C.  &  Gulf  R.  R.  $ 


7,000  Sub  to  stock  July  19,  1870  July  19,  1875 

7,000       "  "  "        "  "       1877 

«        u  u  j}oqo       «  «  «         «  «       1879 

"         "  "  7,000       «  "  "         "  "       1881 

"        "  "  7,000       "  "  "        "  "       1883 

MIDDLETON    TOWNSHIP. 

N.W.Tebo&N.R.R.  $17,000  Bal.  to  stock  Aug  20, 1870  Aug  5,1876$ 

FREEDOM    TOWNSHIP. 

Lex.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  $  25,000  Sub.  to  stock  April  3,  1871  April  3,  1876$ 

DAVIS    TOWNSHIP. 

Lex.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  $  10,000  Sub.  to  stock  April  3,  1S71  April  3,  1876$ 

The  total  combined  debt  of  the  county,  as  shown  by  this  official  report, 
(which  included  some  other  debts  not  of  railroad,  and  therefore  not  given 


in  our  table,)  was  $1,384,099.  And  the  total  assessed  valution,  including 
real  estate,  personal  property,  merchants'  stock,  etc.,  was  at  that  time 
$7,845,371.  The  bonded  debt,  therefore,  was  17^  per  cent  of  the  entire 
valuation :  and  most  of  the  debt  a  swindle  on  the  people  besides.  The 
map  given  above  shows  the  different  lines  of  railroad  which  were  at  that 
time  promised. 

{Interest  ten  per  cent  payable  semi-annually. 


320  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

THE    R.    R.    BONDED    DEBT    COMPROMISE 

Through  a  series  of  Taxpayers'  Conventions  it  had  been  shown  beyond 
a  question  or  a  quibble  that  the  railroad  bonds  both  of  county  and  town- 
ships, were  essentially  fraudulent;  but  they  had  been  foisted  upon  the 
market  under  such  cunningly  devised  seemings  of  legality  as  to  give  them 
a  status  in  the  courts,  and  therefore  some  chance  for  judicial  enforcement, 
even  after  long  and  costly  litigation  by  the  county  in  contesting  them.  In 
view  of  this  state  of  facts,  it  was  thought  best  to  propose  such  com- 
promises as  the  creditors  would  probably  accede  to  rather  than  worry  the 
matter  through  the  courts.  Some  of  the  largest  holders  of  the  county  bonds 
had  through  their  agent,  Col.  M.  V.  L.  McClelland,  agreed  to  a  com- 
promise of  80  cents  on  the  dollar  at  6  instead  of  10  per  cent,  interest;  and 
it  was  presumed  that  many  others  would  do  the  same.  The  following 
schedule  shows  the  different  compromises  finally  proposed  by  the  Tax- 
payers' Convention  held  November  29th,  1875: 

Old  rate  of 
interest. 

County  bonds 10  per  ct. 

((  u  Q         tt 

Lexington  township,  L.  & 

G.  railroad  bonds ....  10  " 

Freedom  township 10  " 

Davis 10  " 

Washington 10  " 

Sniabar 10  " 

Middleton 10  " 

All  bonds  to  run  twenty-five  years,  interest  payable  semi-annually.  The 
different  funding  rates  offered  by  the  different  townships  are  based  on 
ability  to  pay,  juslice  of  the  debt,  prospect  of  defeating  the  bondholders  in 
case  of  contest  in  the  courts,  etc. 

At  this  convention  every  township  in  the  county  was  well  represented^ 
as  follows: 

Clay— Strother  Renick,  Thos.  Bates,  M.  M.  Robinson,  Samuel  Hull, 
C.J.  Miller, J.  B.  McDonald,  Thos.  McCleary, James  Belt,  J.  C.  Arm- 
strong, S.  W.  McBurney,  W.  B.  Corse,  B.  F.  Hammer,  S.  W.  Creasy. 

Davis— H.  J.  Higgins,  W.  C.  Beatty,  W.  A.  Nutter,  L.  Groom,  J. 
Gladdish,  Geo.  P.  Gordon. 

Dover — Wm.  Liese,  Wm.  Carter,  R.  Barley,  Wm.  Kirtley,  Isaac 
Neale,  J.  J.  Fleming. 

Freedom — J.  F.  Downing,  W.  A.  Thornton,  W.  Boone  Major,  N.  J. 
Cox. 

Lexington — (City  and  Township) — L.  Green,  Joseph  Davis,  Thomas 
Shelby,  L.  B.  Gordon,  J.  R.  Ford,  Xenophon  Ryland,  W.  T.  Gammon,. 
A.  J.  Slusher,  John  Reid,  W.  T.  Hays,  H.  C.  Wallace,  R.  J.  Smith,  S.  G. 
Wentworth,  Robert  Hale,  J.  F.  Smith,  J.  McFadden,  C.  E.  Lankford, 


, 


Refunding  rate  for  bonds 
and  past  dtie  coupons. 

80  cents  on  the  dollar. 

New  rate  of 
interest. 

6  per  ct. 

70 

a 

6 

cc 

60 

« 

6 

Ci 

80 

u 

6 

a 

80         " 

(t 

6 

u 

50 

<< 

6 

u 

40 

«c 

6 

u 

80 

c< 

6 

u 

HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  321 

Joseph  Benton,  John  Howe,  Wm.  Limrick,  John  Catron,  A.  A.  Lesueur, 
Geo.  S.  Rathbun,  Z.  S.  Mitchell,  H.  C.  Boteler. 
Middleton.—C.  C.  Catron,  D.  J.  Waters,  O.  H.  P.  Catron,  T.  M.  Lake, 

A.  T.  Winsor,  A.  Corder,  J.  M.  Hopkins,  M.  T.  Buford. 
Sniabar.—].  W.  Bledsoe,  W.J.  Shackleford,  J.  T.  Ferguson,  R.  T.  Rus- 
sell, P.  A.  Ferguson. 

Washington. — C.  L.  Ewing,  Dyer  Sherwood,  David  McKinney,  M.  R. 
Henry,  J.  J.  Browning,  A.  B.  Hatch,  Robert  Matthews,  C.   McGirl,  W. 

B.  Steele. 

The  officers  of  this  final  convention  were,  Charles  L.  Ewing,  president; 
W.  T.  Gammon,  vice-president;  X.  Ryland,  secretary. 

The  committee  which  reported  the  compromise  propositions  as  finally 
adopted,  consisted  of  W.  C.  Beattie,  R.  T.  Russell,  C.  C.  Catron,  M.  R. 
Henry,  Wm.  Limrick,  W.  B.  Major,  James  Fleming,  and  Wm.  Corse. 

The  members  of  the  county  court,  and  the  agents  of  the  holders  of  all 
the  various  bonds  in  question,  were  invited  to  be  present  during  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  convention. 

At  this  time  the  county  and  townships  together  were  under  a  claimed 
indebtedness  of  $238,750  for  the  L.  C.  &  G.  railroad  alone,  which  never 
finished  a  mile  of  road  in  the  county. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  W.  B.  Steele: 

Resolved,  That  this  convention  pledges  the  people  of  Lafayette  county 
to  the  faithful  performance  of  the  compromise  offered,  as  it  is  made  in 
good  faith  by  their  representatives  in  convention  assembled,  as  the  only 
means  and  hope  left  the  people,  and  beyond  which  they  cannot  go;  and 
that  if  it  is  not  accepted  by  the  bondholders,  we  pledge  each  other  to  use 
every  effort  to  prevent  the  payment  of  one  dollar  of  the  railroad  indebted- 
ness of  the  county. 

And  it  was  unanimously  adopted. 

The  election  on  the  compromise  propositions  was 
1875,  and  resulted  as  follows': 

County  proposition,  total  county  vote 1645 

Lexington  township  proposition 346 

Freedom 
Davis 

Washington 

Sniabar 

Middleton 


held 

December  30, 

For. 

Against. 

Majority. 

645 

70 

1575 

346 

10 

336 

201 

5 

196 

134 

1 

133 

119 

34 

85 

127 

17 

110 

146 

22 

124 

Some  holders  of  these  railroad  bonds  refused  to  accept  the  compromise 
offered,  but  entered  suits  and  obtained  judgment  in  the  United  States  cir 
cuit  court,  and  writs  of  mandamus  to  enforce  the  judgments.  This  was 
openly  resisted  by  township  conventions,  and  then  by  a  countv  convention 
composed  of  delegates  from  every  township.  This  convention  was  held 
December  24,  1877,  and  it  declared  by  a  unanimous  vote  that  they  had  a 


322  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


full  determination  to  never  pay  any  more  on  those  bonds  than  the  pro- 
posed compromise  provided  for,  and  that  they  would  resist  by  all  means 
in  their  power,  all  attempts  by  judgment  of  court,  or  in  any  other  way, 
to  collect  interest  or  principal  on  any  of  the  bonds  not  compromised. 

February  1,  1878,  a  meeting  of  the  tax-payers  of  Sniabar  township  was 
held  at  Dade's  school-house,  to  hear  the  report  of  a  committee  previously 
appointed  to  investigate  the  legal  or  illegal  character  of  the  $35,000  of 
their  township  bonds  issued' to  the  Lexington,  Chillicothe  &  Gulf  railroad. 
The  committee  consisted  of  Wm.  Harris,  Geo.  W.  Jones,  M.  T.  P.  McCor- 
mack,  A.  C.  Green,  R.  H.  Bledsoe.  Their  report  cites  the  express  dec- 
laration of  the  state  constitution,  [Art.  99,  Sec.  14],  that  no  municipal 
bonds  shall  be  issued  to  any  corporation  unless  voted  for  by  two-thirds  of 
the  qualified  voters  of  the  township,  county  or  city,  as  the  case  may  be. 
The  vote  on  those  bonds  was  taken  November  13,  1869.  The  registered 
voters  of  Sniabar  township  then  numbered  102;*  of  this  number,  47  voted 
for  the  bonds,  and  6  against  them ;  two-thirds  of  102  would  be  58 ;  but  the 
actual  majority  for  the  bonds  was  only  41,  which  fell  short  by  27  votes  of 
the  majority  required  to  make  these  bonds  lawful.  They,  therefore, 
recommended  a  united  and  continued  resistance  by  every  means  in  their 
power  to  the  payment  of  the  bonds,  which  the  county  court  had  issued  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  they  never  received  a  lawful  majority,  even  when 
the  great  bulk  of  the  tax-payers  were  disfranchised.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
also,  that  this  road  was  graded,  but  never  laid  a  rail,  and  the  grade  lies  to 
this  day  unused. 

February  4,  1878,  the  county  committee,  composed  of  representative 
men  appointed  by  each  township,  held  a  meeting,  and  solemnly  reiterated 
"  the  determination  only  to  pay  county  bonds  according  to  the  compro- 
mise authorized  by  the  vote  of  the  people  in  the  election  held  on  Decem- 
ber 30,  1875."  (When  this  last  vote  was  taken,  no  voters  were  disfran- 
chised, and  it  was  in  every  respect  the  lawfully  expressed  will  of  the 
people). 

February  23d,  a  joint  meeting  of  Sniabar  and  Washington  townships 
was  held  at  Mount  Hope,  with  the  same  result  as  above,  besides  showing 
that  the  unbuilt  railroad  for  which  their  bonds  had  been  fraudulently 
issued,  was  graded  on  a  different  route,  and  to  different  points  from  those 
named  in  the  proposition  as  voted  upon.     This  was  another  fraud. 

FIGHTING    IT   OUT   IN    THE    COURTS. 

May  6,  1878,  the  supreme  court  of  Missouri,  in  the  case  of  Thomas  A. 
Webb  vs.  Lafayette  county,  decided  the  legislative  act  of  March  23,  1868, 
to  be  unconstitutional,  and  bonds  issued  under  it  void.     This  was  a  case 

*  At  this  date,  175  voters  of  Sniabar  township  were  disfranchised  on  account  of  having 
joined  or  sympathized  with  the  Southern  Confederacy  as  against  the  federal  government. 
And  they  were  mostly  the  real  property  owners  of  the  township. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  ,  323 

involving  the  Sniabar  township  bonds  to  the  L.,C.  &G.  road,  and  county- 
bonds  to  the  L.  &  St.  L.  road.  The  "opinion"  of  the  court  is  a  lengthy 
document,  making  two  and  a  half  long  newspaper  columns  in  nonpareil 
(very  fine)  type.  But  the  gist  of  the  whole  matter  important  to  this  his- 
tory, lies  in  a  single  sentence,  as  follows: 

The  constitution  prescribes,  as  a  prerequisite  to  any  subscription,  that 
two-thirds  of  the  qualified  voters  shall  assent  to  it.  The  act  of  1868 
requires  only  the  assent  of  two-thirds  of  those  voting,  and  because  of  the 
repugnance  to  the  constitution,  we  hold  it  to  be  void. 

In  October,  1875,  the  United  States  supreme  court  had  decided  substan- 
tially the  same  way,  in  the  case  of  Harshman  vs.  Bates  County,  involving 
bonds  issued  in  the  name  of  Mount  Pleasant  township,  in  Bates  county, 
for  this  same  Lexington,  Chillicothe  &  Gulf  railroad.  The  case  had  been 
appealed  from  the  United  States  district  court.  There  were  several  tech- 
nical points  considered  in  this  decision,  but  it  was  very  decisive  that  the 
issuance  of  the  bonds  was  contrary  to  the  constitution  of  the  state. 

July  1,  1880,  the  county  clerk's  report  shows  that  $578,900  of  the  Lex- 
ington and  St.  Louis  railroad  count)-  bonds  had  already  been  compromised ; 
$135,900  of  them  had  been  purchased  by  the  county  and  canceled;  and 
there  were  still  $44,900  outstanding.  At  this  same  time  the  township 
debts  on  railroad  bonds  were: 

Am't  of 
Township.  Railroad  Company.  Bonds  Out.  Interest  Due. 

Davis L.  &  St.  L.  R.  R $10,000 ....  from  April  3,  1875 

Freedom.... "  "         25,000 "  " 

Lexington Chil.  &  Gulf 75,000 ....  from  July  19,  1872 

Middleton Tebo  &  Neosho 17,000 from  Aug.  20, 1874 

Sniabar Chil.  &  Gulf 35,000    . .  .from  July  19,  1872 

Washington Chil.  &  Gulf 75,000 ....  from  July  19,  1872 

November  1879,  before  the  U.  S.  circuit  court,  at  Jefferson  City,  an 
agreed  state  of  facts  was  presented  by  the  attorneys  in  the  case  of  James 
H.  Forbes  vs.  Lafayette  county.  M.  L.  Gray  and  Joseph  Shippen  were 
attorneys  for  Forbes,  and  Alexander  Graves  for  the  county.  The  case 
involved  the  legality  of  the  Lexington  township  bonds  issued  to  the  St. 
Louis  and  St.  Joseph  railroad  company,  November  2,  1868.  There  were 
eighteen  several  points  of  fact  agreed  upon  and  subscribed  by  the  attor- 
neys on  both  sides;  and  No.  XI  of  these  points  contains  this  statement: 
"  That  $37,000  of  the  bonds  issued  to  said  company  by  the  county  court 
of  said  county  on  behalf  of  said  township  were  delivered  to  one  Wasson, 
a  director  in  the  said  company,  by  one  Vivian  Letton,  then  a  justice  of 
said  county,  in  consideration  of  a  bribe  of  $200  paid  to  said  Letton  by 
said  Wasson  after  consultation  had  with  the  board  of  directors  of  said 
company." 

The  main  condition  of  issue  of  these  bonds  was  that  the  railroad  com- 


324  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

pany  should  establish  and  permanently  maintain  a  depot  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Missouri  river,  within  the  city  of  Lexington.  Judge  Letton  held 
them  in  trust  for  safe  keeping  until  their  terms  should  be  complied 
with,  but  violated  his  trust  by  delivering  them  for  a  bribe  of  $200.  The 
affidavit  on  this  matter  also  mentioned  that  the  railroad  board  of  directors 
when  considering  the  $200  proposition,  thought  the  judge's  terms  cheap, 
and  authorized  the  payment  of  his  price.  The  court  decided  these  bonds 
illegal,  but  on  other  grounds  than  this;  and  this  point  is  cited  here  to  show 
how  the  people  were  betrayed  by  their  most  trusted  servants.  Judge 
Letton  afterwards  went  crazy,  but  Judge  Ambrose  went  to  Florida. 

SEIZING    A   RAILROAD    TRAIN    FOR   TAXES. 

July  7,  1875,  the  county  court  ordered  a  levy  of  the  taxes  due  upon  the 
property  in  Lafayette  county  of  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  railroad  company, 
which  had  bought  the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad.  This  order  recited 
in  detail  the  amount  of  track,  road  bed,  depots,  rolling  stock,  etc.,  within 
the  county  belonging  to  said  railroad  company,  and  also  the  amout  of  tax 
due  thereon,  item  by  item,  as  fixed  by  the  state  board  of  equalization;  and 
the  total  amount  was  $6,277.07^.  At  this  time  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Gordon  was 
the  county  tax  collector,  and  Wm.  B.  Steele,  county  clerk.  The  railroads 
generally  in  the  state  had  evaded  payment  of  their  taxes  by  various  sub- 
terfuges in  different  counties,  or  by  outright  intimidation  of  public  officers 
in  giving  them  to  understand  that  if  they  seized  any  railroad  property  thev 
would  be  prosecuted  for  damages.  To  lock  horns  with  a  powerful  rail- 
road companv,  and  take  the  risk  on  the  uncertain  sinuosities  of  legal  pro- 
cedure, was  no  trifling  matter;  but  the  officers  of  Lafayette  county  had 
some  of  Gen.  Jackson's  "  by-the-eternal"  sort  of  grit  in  their  make  up, 
and  they  "  took  the  bull  by  the  horns  "  forthwith. 

Dr.  Gordon,  as  tax  collector,  on  August  19,  1875,  seized  one  locomo- 
tive, nine  box  cars,  three  stock  cars,  and  one  passenger  coach,  at  Lexing- 
ton, chained  them  fast,  under  guard  and  held  them  as  security  for  the 
railroad  company's  unpaid  taxes.  The  railroad  company  immediately 
entered  suit  against  him  in  the  circuit  court  of  Lafayette  county  for  $20,- 
000  damages  and  costs.  In  April,  1876,  they  procured  a  transfer  of  the  case 
to  the  U.  S.  district  court,  on  the  plea  that  the  prejudice  of  the  commu- 
nity would  prevent  them  from  getting  justice  in  Lafayette  county,  and  also 
that  the  complainant  was  in  law  a  resident  of  another  state,  the  railroad 
company's  corporate  place  of  business  being  in  New  York  city. 

In  order  to  bring  out  and  authenticate  this  matter  more  clearly,  we  here 
copy  from  the  official  record  of  Dr.  Gordon's  sworn  testimony  in  regard 
to  his  own  proceedings: 

I  was  collector  of  revenue  for  Lafayette  countv,  for  two  terms,  viz: 
From  the  first   of  February,   1873,  to  the  first  of  January,  1877.      Was 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  325 

elected  at  the  November  election,  1872,  for  two  years,  and  was  my  own 
successor,  being  elected  again  at  the  November  election,  1874,  for  the  term 
of  two  years  from  the  first  of  February,  1875.  The  clerk  of  the  county 
court,  William  B.  Steele,  made  out  and  delivered  to  me  as  such  collector 
ab6ut  March  31,  1875,  the  certified  statement  of  the  taxes  of  that  date  in 
evidence,  against  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  railroad  company  for  the  year 
1873,  and  I  was  directed  also  by  the  county  court  to  levy  the  same  on  "the 
railroad  property,  in  case  of  default  in  paying  same.  I  demanded  pay- 
ment of  the  taxes  due,  of  said  company,  through  its  officers,  and  said  com- 
pany having  failed  to  pay  the  same,  I,  on  the  19th  of  May,  1875,  by  virtue 
of  said  certified  statement,  levied  on  the  cars  of  said  railroad  company  as 
set  out  in  my  return  in  said  statement;  I  chained  down,  and  locked  these 
cars  on  the  track  of  the  railroad,  near  the  depot  at  Lexington,  Missouri, 
and  put  a  guard  there  to  watch  and  guard  them,  to  prevent  the  railroad 
men  from  removing  them,  and  advertised  them  for  sale,  as  required  by 
law,  for  ten  days,  keeping  them  guarded  and  locked  down  all  the  time. 
On  the  day  they  were  advertised  for  sale  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  railroad 
company  by  suit  of  replevin  against  me  in  this  court,  replevined  and  took 
said  cars  out  of  my  possession,  giving  bond  with  security  approved  by  the 
sheriff  in  the  sum  of  $40,000,  and  claiming  damages  against  me  in  the 
sum  of  $25,000. 

The  next  year  the  same  proceedings  occurred;  but  by  the  third  year 
the  whole  business  was  in  court,  and  the  Lexington  &  St .  Louis  railroad 
was  in  the  hands  of  a  "  receiver  in  bankruptcy."  However,  to  present 
more  fully  the  situation  in  this  year,  1875,  we  copy  the  following  from  the 
records  of  the  suit  brought  in  April,  1876,  against  Wm.  B.  Steele,  the 
county  clerk.  After  reciting  the  bill  of  taxes  made  out  and  certified  by 
the  county  clerk,  the  railroad  company  as  complainant  goes  on  to  say: 

All  of  which  was  done  without  any  authority  or  warrant  from  any  law 
of  this  state.  That  afterwards  the  said  defendant  [W.  B.  Steele]  placed 
the  said  statement  in  the  hands  of  the  t^x  collector  of  Lafayette  county, 
and  directed  the  said  collector  to  collect  the  said  pretended  taxes  and 
penalties  out  of  the  property  of  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  railroad  company; 
and  afterwards  at  the  special  instance  and  direction  of  said  defendant  the 
said  collector  did  levy  upon  and  seize  a  certain  locomotive  engine  and  cer- 
tain cars  which  belonged  to  the  said  plaintiff  and  which  had  never  belonged 
to-the  said  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad  company,  and  in  which  the 
said  last  named  corporation  did  not  at  the  time  of  said  levy,  have  any 
interest,  nor  had  it  even  had  any  therein. 

And  the  said  collector,  Gordon,  retained  said  property  for  the  term  of 
ten  days,  to  the  great  loss  and  damage  of  plaintiff,  amounting  to  the  sum 
of  five  thousand  dollars,  for  which  sum,  with  interest  and  costs,  plaintiff 
prays  judgment. 

The  legal  point  raised  was,  that  the  taxes  were  due  from  the  Lexing- 
ton &  St.  Louis  railroad  company,  but  that  the  property  seized  belonged 
to  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.  This  proved  to  be  technically  true — 
but,  in  fact,  it  was  one  of  the  many  artful  dodges  by  which  railroad  com- 
panies had  too  long  succeeded  in  evading  their  taxes.   The  county  officers 


326  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

could  not  know  all  the  "  inner  intricacies  "  of  the  various  transfers  which 
had  heen  made  by  the  four  different  railroad  managements  which  had  at 
different  times  controlled  the  Lexington  road,  but  they  did  know  that  the 
taxes  were  due  and  unpaid,  and  they  proposed  to  collect  them — which  'the 
same  they  did. 

April  12,  1876,  the  county  court  employed  A.  F.  Alexander  and  Ryland 
&  Ryland,  as  attorneys  "  for  the  defense  of  the  interests  of  the  county  in 
the  tax  suits  brought  by  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  railroad  company  against 
the  collector  and  clerk  of  this  court."  The  suits  were  carried  into  the  U. 
S.  district  court  at  St.  Louis,  then  transferred  to  a  similar  court  at  Jeffer- 
son City.  But  meanwhile  the  L.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  Company  had  become 
bankrupt;  and  while  the  county  had  gained  its  cases  against  the  railroad 
company,  on  the  main  issue;  yet,  in  this  particular  instance  the  attorneys 
had  to  take  what  they  could  get.  And  On  May  11,  1877,  Xenophon 
Ryland  filed  the  attorney's  report.  The  important  points  of  this  repotr 
we  here  report  from  the  county  record:  "  The  claim  was  settled  by  com- 
promise, and  judgment  and  allowance  rendered  in  favor  of  Lafayette 
county,  state  of  Missouri,  for  the  sum  of  eighteen  thousand  dollars, 
against  the  estate  of  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad  cdmpany,  bankrupt, 
on  the  9th  day  of  May,  1877,  in  the  U.  S.  district  court  for  the  western 
district  of  Missouri,  at  Jefferson  City." 

The  total  cost  of  all  the  suits,  attorneys'  fees  and  incidental  expenses 
was  $3,815.50,  leaving  $14,184.50,  which  Mr.  X.  Ryland  paid  over  to  the 
county  treasurer,  and  the  county  court  ratified  and  confirmed  the  action  of 
its  attorneys. 

This  case  has  an  important  historic  interest,  for  it  was  the  first  time  in 
the  state  that  county  officers  had  seized  railroad  property  for  delinquent 
taxes  and  carried  their  point.  It  was  a  test  case  and  settled  the  question  for 
every  county  in  the  state  for  all  time.  There  has  been  no  trouble  since  in 
collecting  railroad  taxes;  these  corporations  now  "  step  up  to  the  captain's 
office,"  and  pay  their  dues  with  commendable  promptness — a  very  healthy 
practice  which  Lafayette  county  rightly  claims  the  honor  of  bringing 
into  fashion. 

In  the  final  settlement  and  disposal  of  the  funds  in  these  tax-levy  suits, 
the  commissions  and  incidental  expenses  of  the  collector  were  overlooked 
and  not  allowed  him.  He  brought  suit  in  the  circuit  court  to  recover  his 
claim  from  the  county,  but  was  defeated.  He  appealed  to  the  state 
supreme  court,  and  the  case  at  this  writing  (August,  1881),  still  remains 
there  unsettled.     Wallace  &  Chiles  are  his  attorneys. 

DATE  OF  OPENING  OF  OUR  RAILROAD  LINES. 

In  October,  1868,  the  railroad  now  known  as  the  St.  Louis  &  Wabash, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  327 

was  completed  to  a  station  four  miles  from  Lexington,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  river. 

In  1869,  the  Lexington  &  St.  Joseph  railroad  was  completed  to  the 
north  bank  of  the  river,  opposite  Lexington. 

In  1870-71,  the  road-bed  of  the  "Lexington  Lake  and  Gulf"  line  was 
completed  from  Lexington  southward  through  the  count}-;  but  the  com- 
pany failed,  and  no  ties  or  rails  were  ever  laid  on  it. 

In  March  1871,  the  line  now  known  as  the  "  Missouri  Pacific  "  was 
completed  from  Lexington  to  Sedalia. 

In  1876,  the  Narrow  Gauge  line  was  completed  from  Kansas  City  to 
Lexington  without  any  bonds. 

In  1878,  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad  was  completed  across  the  county 
from  east  to  west.  At  that  time  bonds  could  not  be  lawfully  voted;  but 
the  people  of  the  county  had  to  give  the  right  of  way  and  depot  grounds, 
free,  and  $50,000  in  money  besides,  as  private  donations,  in  order  to  secure 
the  road. 

There  are  now  (1881;  three  branch  railroads  terminating  at  Lexington, 
and  every  one  of  them  is  under  the  control  of  Jay  Gould,  or  what  is 
known  as  the  "  Wabash  &  St.  Louis  combination.  " 

THE  RAILROAD  PROJECT. 

In  1868-69-70,  it  was  confidently  believed  by  the  railroad  partisans 
that  in  two  or  three  years  there  would  be  six  railroads  coming  into  Lex- 
ington, and  a  railroad  bridge  spanning  the  river  here.  Out  of  this  faith 
grew  the  scheme  for  a  grand  railroad  hotel  worthy  of  the  situation.  The 
grade  of  the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad  (now  Missouri  Pacific)  termin- 
ated at  South  street  between  Elm  and  Lynn  streets,  and  here  the  great 
hotel  was  erected,  the  remains  of  which  appear  in  desolate  grandeur  to 
this  day.  The  building  was  erected  in  1870-71,  at  a  cost  of  ^85,000;  it 
was  a  joint  stock  enterprise,  and  the  county  took  $20,000  of  stock  in  it. 
B.  H.  Wilson  was  the  architect  and  builder;  Geo.  Farrar  did  the  brick 
work,  and  manufactured  all  the  bricks  at  his  brick  yard  which  is  still  in 
operation,  on  Graham's  branch.  The  whole  scheme  proved  a  disastrous 
failure;  and  in  1879  the  building  was  sold  for  delinquent  taxes.  Many 
car  loads  of  the  bricks  have  been  shipped  away  to  Sedalia  and  Kansas 
City,  and  enough  still  remain  to  build  another  small  city — another  child 
out  of  the  loins  of  Lexington. 


328  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

RAILROAD  VALUATION,    1880. 

[Lexington  and  St.  Louis  R.  R.,  leased  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.] 

Miles  of  Value  of  Total  value  Val.  rolling  Total 

track.  buildings.  in  twp.  stock  etc.  taxes. 

Freedom  twp 12.50 .  .  .  $1,700 . .  .  $63,961  25 

Davis  twp 4.50  700         23,114  05 

Dover  twp 4.00         1,000         20,923  60 

Lexington  twp 7.25         2,000         38,111  52 


Total  in  county 28.25      $5,400    $146,110  42    $13,585  42     $584  44 

[Kansas  City  and  Eastern  (narrow  gauge,)  leased  by  Mo.  Pacific  Co.] 

Clay  twp 8.82  $250  $38,299  48 

Lexington  twp . . . 5.03  200  21,899  42 

Total  in  county 13.85  $450           $60,198  90  $11,273  90  $240  79 

[Chicago  and  Alton  R.  R.] 

Middleton  twp 6.40  $550  $66,363  75 

Dover  twp 5.69  400         58,890  84 

Davis  twp 4.34  650        45,306  40 

Washington  twp 10.19  550  105,248  09 

Clay  twp 7.80  1,290        81,400  37 

Sniabar  twp 2.26  23,303  89 

Total  in  county 36.71       $3,440   $380,513  34  $302,035  00  $1,522  05 

[Western  Union  Telegraph  lines.] 
On  Mo.  Pacific  R.  R.,  one  wire  28.25  m.     Total  value  $1,836  25. 
Chicago  &  Alton  R.  R.  two  wires,  37  m.     Total  value  $3,145  00.     Total 
tax  $19.92. 
The  above  is  the  assessment  by  state  board  of  equalization  for  1880. 
The  following  is  the  assessment  by  the  county  court  for  the  same  year, 
including  both  state  and  county  taxes: 

Total  value  Total  tax. 

iD  county. 

Lexington  &  St.  Louis  R.  R $151,480  65  $2,702  34 

K.,  Chicago  and  Eastern * 64,065  80  1,116  83 

Chicago  &  Alton 382,909  09  6,760  09 

West.  Union  Tel.  Co 4,98125  88  40 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  there  are  twenty-five  miles  of  graded  road- 
bed, extending  from  Lexington  to  Chapel  Hill,  and  known  as  the  Lexing- 
ton, Lake  &  Gulf  railroad,  running  through  Lexington,  Washington,  and 
Sniabar  townships,  and  built  mostly  with  the  bonds  of  these  townships. 
A  deed  of  trust  on  this  property  was  foreclosed  in  1877,  and  was  bid  in 
by  Henry  L.  Newman,  of  St.  Louis,  trustee.  It  is  supposed  that  he  sold 
it  to  the  C,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  Co.,  of  Chicago,  and  that  they  will  ultimately 
extend  their  Burlington  and  Southwestern  line  over  it,  crossing  the  Mis- 
souri river  at  Lexington.  [See  under  head  of  "  River  surveys  and  sound- 
ings, for  railroad-bridge  matter.]     The  grade  is  considerably  damaged  by 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  329 

rains  and  floods,  but  it  could  be  all  repaired  in  a  fortnight  by  a  live  company. 
It  is  not  subject  to  taxation  as  it  now  lies;  hence,  valuation  cannot  be  given. 


WAR  HISTORY. 


FIRST   TROOPS    RAISED. 


The  first  military  company  raised,  in  1861,  in  Lafayette  county  was  a 
company  at  Lexington,  commanded  by  a  Capt.  John  Tyler.  This  was 
composed  of  men  of  all  shades  of  political  opinion,  the  most  of  whom  were 
of  mature  years.  It  was  intended  for  "home  protection,"  and  to  enforce 
a  sort  of  "  armed  neutrality,"  a  policy  then  much  discussed.  It  was  neither 
for  the  "  south"  or  for  the  "  north,"  but  for  peace,  and  for  the  protection 
of  the  citizens  of  Lafayette  county  from  the  invasion  of  their  territory  by 
either  the  confederate  or  federal  forces.  The  company  drilled  on  different 
occasions,  but  soon  disbanded,  as  affairs  assumed  a  condition  not  permit- 
ting neutrality.     Capt.  Tyler  afterward  entered  the  federal  army. 

On  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  capture  of  Camp  Jackson,  and  the  firing 
on  the  citizens  of  St.  Louis  by  the  federals  under  Gen.  Lyon,  May  10, 
1861,  there  was  the  most  intense  excitement  in  the  county.  Preparations 
were  begun  for  war.  Meetings  were  held,  and  measures,  to  organize 
military  companies  to  assist  in  defending  the  state  against  the  incursions 
and  encroachments  of  the  federals,  were  taken  all  over  the  county.  There 
were  many  men  in  the  county  who  had  seen  military  service,  and  these 
were  looked  to,  for  the  main  part  for  counsel,  advice,  assistance,  and  lead- 
ership. 

The  unconditional  union  men  of  the  county  were  largely  in  the  minority; 
the  secessionists — or  at  least  the  conditional  secessionists — were  not  only  in 
the  majority,  but  were  bold,  defiant,  and  aggressive,  and  had  but  little 
patience  with  or  respect  for  opposition.  The  union  men  held  a  meeting 
at  Lexington,  in  the  court-house,  about  the  middle  of  May.  John  Flem- 
ing was  chairman,  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Atkinson,  secretary.  At  that  time  there 
were  only  about  twenty  outspoken  union  men  in  the  town,  nearly  all  of  whom 
were  in  attendance.  The  stars  and  strips  hung  from  a  staff  at  ihe  chair- 
man's table.  The  meeting  had  not  progressed  far  when  the  secessionists 
who  were  present,  to  the  number  of  fifty  or  more,  began  violent  interrup- 
tions, and  at  last,  under  the  leadership  of  one  Charles  Martin,  a  man  of 
desperate  character,  silenced  a  speaker,  tore  the  flag  from  the  hands  of 
the  secretary,  breaking  the  staff'  in  the  effort,  and  bearing  it  in  triumph 
from  the  room.  A  German  citizen,  Mr.  Nicholas  Haerle,  a  staunch  union 
man,  attempted  to  take  the  flag  from  Martin  and  his  men,  as  they  were 
leaving  the  hall,  but  was  shot  in  the  leg  by  Martin  himself,  and  fell  to  the 


330  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

floor.  The  meeting  thereupon  adjourned  without  orders,  and  sine  die! 
Thereafter  the  union  men  of  Lexington  were,  for  a  time,  less  demonstra- 
tive in  their  loyalty  to  the  federal  government. 

On  the  20th  of  x\pril,  1861,  the  United  States  arsenal,  at  Liberty,  Clay 
count)-,  was  siezed  by  volunteers  from  different  counties  in  this  part  of  the 
state,  and  the  arms  and  munitions  therein,  inconsiderable  as  to  number  and 
not  very  valuable  as  to  character,  placed  where  it  was  thought  they  would 
"  do  the  most  good"  for  the  state  of  Missouri.  Capt.  H.  M.  Bledsoe, 
Curtis  O.  Wallace,  and  other  Lafayette  county  men,  assisted  in  this  cap- 
ture which  was  effected  without  any  difficulty,  and  it  is  said  by  the  order 
of  Gov.  Jackson,  certainlv  with  his  connivam  e.  Bledsoe  and  Wallace 
brought  two  of  the  captured  cannon  with  them  back  to  Lexington  as 
their  share  of  the  spoils  of  wrar.  When  the  cannon  arrived  at  the  Lexing- 
ton wharf,  a  considerable  crowd  witnessed  their  delivery  on  shore  with 
great  elation.  Afterward  this  feeling  was  changed  to  disappointment,  for 
upon  inspection,  the  guns,  a  pair  of  iron  six-pounders,  were  thought  to  be 
honeycombed  with  rust  and  age,  and  absolutely  worthless,  but  which  in 
time  proved  to  be  a  mistake.  The  object  of  bringing  these  guns  to  Lex- 
ington was  to  form  a  battery  for  state  service,  to  be  tendered  to  Gov. 
Jackson,  and  this  was  afterward  done  by  Capt.  Bledsoe.  When  the  first 
federal  troops  came  to  Lexington  (Col.  Stiefel's  regiment)  they  found  one 
of  these  Liberty  arsenal  cannon,  which  the  state  troops  had  abandoned  as 
worthless.  This  gun  afterwards  formed  a  part  of  Pirner's  battery  in  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  and-  Capt.  Pirner  says  it  was  the  best  gun  he  had — 
would  shoot  the  straightest. 

THE    COUNTY    MILITIA    FUND. 

April  29,  1S61,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  county  court  by  Thomas 
W.  Shields,  R.  M.  Henderson,  John  P.  Bowman,  and  others,  asking  an 
appropriation  "  to  arm  and  equip  at  least  one  thousand  men,"  etc.  The 
court  declined  to  do  so  until  the  legislature  should  pass  an  act  author- 
izing it. 

May  15,  the  court  record  refers  to  "  the  special  act  by  the  general 
assembly  of  the  state  for  the  benefit  of  Layfayette  county,  passed  May 
14,  1861,"  and  also  to  the  state  militia  law.  The  court  then  appropriated 
$10,000,  "  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  needed,  for  the  purpose  of  arm- 
ing and  equipping  the  volunteer  militia  of  said  county  for  the  necessary 
defense  thereof,  and  tor  such  other  purposes  connected  with  the  military 
defense  of  the  county  and  state  as  the  court  may  deem  proper,"  etc. 
Charles  S.  Tarlton,  one  of  the  judges,  was  appointed  agent  to  disburse 
this  fund.  The  bonds  on  which  the  money  was  raised,  were  made  pay- 
able in  one,  two,  and  three  years,  at  ten  per  cent  interest. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  381 

July  2, 1861,  there  appears  a  record  of  the  following  sums  paid  out  of  the 
above  mentioned  military  fund: 

J.  A.  Graham's  bill  for  tin-ware $  24.90 

VVm.  Morrison's  bill  for  tin-ware 37.80 

John  Aull's  bill  for  tin-ware 95.35 

James  M.  Baker's  bill  for  tin-ware 75.02 

Henderson  &  Day's  bill  for  tin-ware .  81.01 

Smith  &  Hale's  bill  for  tin-ware 503.88 

James  S.  Lightner's  bill  for  tin-ware 42.00 

Royle,  Newman  &  Co's  bill  for  tin-ware 77.16 

Limrick  for  blankets 2.00 

Henderson  &  Day's  bill  for  boots  and  shoes 4.50 

James  A.  Fishback,  for  blankets 25.00 

J.  &  D.  Levey,  blankets 7.50 

Royle,  Newman  &  Wells,  blankets 5.00 

J.  J.  Samuels,  shirts 5.25 

Paid  George  Wilson's  company 5.00 

B.  F.  Gordon's  receipt 50.00 

Robert  Hale,  receipt  for  Lexington  company 50.00 

Thomas  A.  Webb's  receipt 50.00 

Thomas  Shelby's  receipt 20.00 

George  P.  Gordon's  receipt 50.00 

J.  R.  Graves'  receipt 30.00 

Paid  H.  Reese  for  caps 20.00 

Paid  steambort  for  carrying  troops  to  Jefferson  City 63.00 

Amount  loaned  to  Barton 5.00 


Total $1,329.36 

It  is  noted  that  some  of  these  bills  were  only  partly  paid;  the  total 
amount  paid  was  $966.95,  the  remainder  standing  as  "  balance  due  "  on 
them.  And  no  further  record  appears  in  this  matter  until  November  5, 
1861,  when  the  following  entry  was  made:  "Now,  at  this  day  comes 
Henry  Neill,  county  treasurer,  and  settles  with  the  court  here  for  the  fund 
known  as  the  military  fund,  showing  that  said  fund  is  now  exhausted  and 
balanced,  which  is  approved  and  ordered  to  be  filed."  The  documents 
filed  consist  of  two  warrants  drawn  on  the  county  military  fund,  each  for 
$500.  One  bears  date  May  IT,  1861.  and  the  other  June  20,  1861.  So  it 
appears  that  $1,000  was  all  that  was  ever  used  of  the  $10,000  which  had 
been  authorized. 

LAFAYETTE    MEN'S    FIRST    BATTLE. 

About  the  first  of  June,  a  company  of  United  States  dragoons  from  Ft. 
Leavenworth,  under  command  of  Capt.  S.  D.  Sturgis,  afterward  a  major 
general,  had  an  encounter  with  some  Jackson  county  militia  under  Capt. 
Holloway,  who  had  lately  resigned  a  position  in  the  regular  army  to  offer 
his  services  to  the  state  of  Missouri.  In  this  encounter,  which  took  place 
on  Rock  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Big  Blue,  Captain   Holloway  and  Lt. 


332  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

McClenahan,  of  the  Jackson  county  troops,  were  killed.  Captain  J.  O. 
Shelby,  of  Waverly,  had  raised  a  company  of  cavalry,  and  was  in  Jack- 
son county  when  this  skirmish  took  place.*  Holloway  was  in  command 
of  all  of  the  Jackson  county  men  as  colonel.  He  was  a  brave  and  gallant 
officer,  and  only  a  few  days  before  he  was  killed,  was  at  Lexington 
engaged  in  forming  and  swearing  in  men  for  state  service. 

\  Immediately  upon  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  affair  on   Rock  Creek, 

and  the  killing  of  Holloway  and  McClenahan,  several  companies  of  Lafay- 
ette county  men  were  formed  and  marched  to  the  relief  of  their  Jackson 
county  brethren.  Capt.  Ben.  Elliott  had  one  company  from  about  Chapel 
Hill;  Capt.  J.  M.  Withers,  one  from  about  Mt.  Hebron;  Capt.  Seth  Mason, 
one  from  Davis  township;  Capt.  Webb,  one  from  Dover,  and  Capt. 
Whiting,  one  from  that  vicinity;  Dr.  Hassell  and  Capt.  Graves  had  com- 
panies from  Lexington.  There  was  also  an  artillery  company,  composed 
of  men  from  Lafayette  county,  and  commanded  by  Capt.  H.  M.  Bledsoe. 
The  Lafayette  men  soon  reached  the  scene  of  the  trouble  and  went  into 
camp  on  the  Blue.  This  camp  was  called  Camp  Holloway,  in  honor  of 
the  gallant  officer  who  had  fallen  but  a  few  days  before.  The  men 
remained  there  a  week  or  more,  when  they  returned  home. 

At  first  the  Lafayette  county  militia — or  state  guards  as  they  came  to 
be  called — were  armed,  uniformed,  and  equipped  by  themselves.  The 
infantry  and  cavalry  carried  every  description  of  small  arms  that  would 
shoot.  There  were  double-barrel  shot-guns  (these  were  the  favorite 
weapons,  by  the  way),  squirrel  rifles,  revolvers,  pistols,  etc.,  and  a  few 
sanguinary  individuals  had  bowie  knives. 

Bledsoe's  lottery  was  at  first  composed  of  two  pieces  of  artillery.  One 
gun  had  been  captured  by  Col.  Doniphan  at  the  battle  of  Sacramento,  in 
the  Mexican  war,  given  by  the  United  States  to  the  state  of  Missouri,  and 
by  the  state  to  Lafayette  county.  It  was  of  amalgam,  brass,  copper,  sil- 
ver, etc.,  and  was  at  first  a  nine-pounder.  For  a  long  time  it  had  lain 
about  Lexington,  being  only  used  on  the  Fourth  of  July  and  at  jollifica- 
tions for  the  purpose  of  firing  salutes.  The  boys  of  Lexington  were  wont 
to  charge  it  half  full  of  powder  and  brick-bats  and  fire  it  with  thundering 
reports.  This  gun  was  taken  to  Morrison's  foundry  and  bored  out,  being 
enlarged  to  a  twelve-pounder.  The  whole  length  of  the  gun  was  not 
bored ;  by  some  mistake,  about  four  inches  of  the  breech  remaining  of  the 
original  caliber.  This  necessitated  the  use  of  a  peculiar  sort  of  cartridge, 
and  eventually  to  the  condemnation  and  retirement  of  the  piece  from  active 
service,  since  its  cartridges  could  not  be  obtained  from  the  regular  ord- 
nance depots,  but  had  to  be  manufactured  on  the  field,  and  material  for 
this  purpose  was  not  always  obtained.'  "Old  Sacramento,"  as  the  gun 
was  familiarly  known  to  nearly  everybody  in  Lafayette  county,  or  "Old 

*  Edwards,  "  Shelby  and  his  men,"  page  28.  .  / 

V 


I 

/ 


JAMES  B.  EADS. 

[see  page  48.] 


LUCAS  MARKET.- 

THE  OLDEST  MARKET  IN  ST.  LOWS. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  666 

Sac,"  as  Bledsoe's  men  called  it,  did  good  work  for  the  southern  cause, 
what  time  it  was  in  service,  however.  The  artillery  men  used  the  femi- 
nine pronoun  "she,"  in  speaking  of  "old  Sac,"  and  soon  learned  to  regard 
"her"  with  a  great  deal  of  admiration  and  affection.  At  Carthage,  Wil- 
son's Creek,  Elk  Horn,  and  Pea  Ridge,  she  proved  very  effective,  as  tes- 
tified to  by  the  federals  themselves.  At  Memphis,  Tennessee,  she  was 
inspected  and  condemned,  however,  and  the  last  heard  from  her,  she  lay 
in  the  confederate  navy  yard  at  Mobile,  Alabama.  The  other  gun  was  an 
iron  six-pounder,  cast  in  Morrison's  foundry.  Morrison  cast  two  six- 
pounders,  only  one  of  which  was  used,  however,  for  want  of  a  proper  car- 
riage. The  other  was  left  on  the  steps  of  the  masonic  college,  upon  the 
first  retreat  of  the  state  troops  from  Lexington.*  A  brass  six-pounder 
was  added  to  the  battery  from  Independence. 

For  powder,  the  Missourians  did  not  lack.  Gov.  Jackson  had  sent  up  into 
this  and  Saline  county,  about  10,000  pounds  of  Laflin's  and  "  Dupart's  best," 
which  was  afterwards  distributed  among  the  friends  of  the  southern  cause 
for  safe  keeping.  The  federals  succeeded  in  capturing  some  of  it  at  differ- 
ent periods.f  It  was  hid  in  hay  lofts,  under  bridges,  buried  in  orchards, 
and  it  is  said  that  at  this  day  there  are  a  few  kegs  in  a  house  in  Lexing- 
ton, lying  snugly  hidden  away  between  a  ceiling  and  an  upper  floor. 

RESPONSE  TO   GOV.  JACKSON'S    PROCLAMATION. 

June  12,  Gov.  Jackson  issued  his  proclamation,  calling  into  active  service 
50,000  state  militia,  "for  the  purpose  of  repelling  invasion,  and  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  lives,  liberty,  and  property  of  the  citizens  of  this  state."  Lex- 
ington was  designated  as  one  of  the  places  of  rendezvous,  and  hither 
repaired  those  desiring  to  obey  the  proclamation.  Gen.  James  S.  Rains, 
of  Jasper  county,  was  appointed  brigadier-general  for  this  district,  and  he 
visited  the  troops  at  the  camps  at  Lexington,  attended  to  their  organiza- 
tion, and  addressed  them  in  an  excellent  speech.  He  had  previously  vis- 
ited Camp  Holloway,  and  directed  the  men  to  rendezvous  at  Lexington. 
The  Masonic  College  and  adjacent  grounds  were  chosen  for  headquarters. 
Here  were  gathered  1000  men,  mostly  from  this  county.  A  regiment  of 
Lafayette   men   was  organized,  of  which  John  T.  Graves  was  chosen 

colonel,  Cave  Kirtley,  lieutenant-colonel,  and Brazier,  major.    Capts. 

Withers,  Whiting,  Percival,  Webb,  Ferguson,  commanded  companies. 
Bledsoe's  battery  was  here  fully  organized,  with  Hiram  M.  Bledsoe  as 
captain;  Curtis  O.  Wallace,  1st  lieutenant;  Chas.  Higgins,  2d  lieutenant; 
Frank  S.  Trigg,  3d  lieutenant. 

*This  gun,  afterward,  formed  a  part  of  Pirner's  battery,  under  Col.  Mulligan,  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Lexington.     (See  article,  "Battle  Items"). 

fDec.  20,  1861,  Gen.  Halleck  reported  tbat  bis  troops  at  Glasgow  "  bad  taken  about  two 
ton8  of  powder  in  kegs,  buried  on  Jackson's  farm." 


334  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

On  the  17th  of  June  the  first  battle  at  Boonville  was  fought  between 
about  800  state  troops  under  Col.  John  S.  Marmaduke,  of  Saline  county, 
and  about  the  same  number  of  federal  troops  under  Gen.  Lyon.  The 
state  troops  numbered  in  all  about  1500  and  the  federals  about  2000,  but 
only  the  numbers  named  took  part  in  the  fight.  The  state  troops  were 
repulsed  by  the  well  armed  and  organized  federals,  and  retreated  with 
such  precipitancy  and  in  such  disorder  that  the  affair  came  to  be  known 
in  Missouri  as  the  "  Boonville  races."  Each  side  lost  but  two  killed  and 
a  few  wounded.  In  a  few  days  after  the  Boonville  affair  the  state  troops 
came  to  the  rendezvous  at  Lexington,  uniting  with  the  forces  already  on 
the  ground.  Maj.  Gen.  Sterling  Price  having  some  time  previously  been 
commissioned  by  Gov.  Jackson  as  general-in-chief  of  the  state  troops,  or 
Missouri  State  Guard,  assumed  command  of  the  state  army  at  Lexing- 
ton. Learning  that  Lyon  was  still  moving  up  the  river,  and  being  unpre- 
pared to  receive  him,  Gen.  Price  resolved  to  retreat  to  the  southwestern 
part  of  the  state. 

C.  M.  Pirner,  of  Lexington,  says  the  way  this  happened  was:  A  young 
fellow  named  Brown,  who  was  a  printer  in  the  Lexington  Expositor  print- 
ing office,  suggested  a  plan  to  have  some  fun,  but  the  affair  was  never 
known  onlv  to  Pirner,  Brown,  James  Curry,  and  a  young  telegraph  ope- 
rator whose  name  he  cannot  now  remember.  The  joke  as  carried  out 
was  as  follows:  The  telegraph  operator  had  a  pocket  instrument  of  his 
own.  The  telegraph  at  that  time  went  easward  by  way  of  Waverly.  He, 
Pirner,  and  the  operator  went  out  a  little  way  east  of  Old  Town,  after  it 
was  all  dark  and  quiet  for  the  night,  and  managed  to  reach  the  telegraph 
wire  and  hitch  on  the  pocket  instrument.  The  Lexington  office  was  called 
until  it  made  answer,  and  then  it  was  informed:  "The  federals  have  left 
Marshall  for  Lexington,  may  arrive  any  minute."  The  young  wags  then 
went  back  into  the  city  to  see  the  effect;  and  sure  enough,  by  the  time  they 
got  up  main  street  to  the  vicinity  of  Laurel  street,  there  were  horsemen 
riding  rapidly  to  and  fro  between  the  college  grounds  and  different  parts 
of  the  city.  The  jokers  didn't  dare  to  ask  any  questions  for  fear  of  some 
suspicion  arising,  which  would  have  been  sure  death.  But  in  the  morn- 
ing the  state  troops  were  gone.  Several  histories  speak  of  this  sudden 
and  rapid  retreat  from  Lexington,  but  no  one  has  before  given  the  secret 
of  its  mysterious  suddenness.  Mr.  Pirner  claims  that  it  was  the  first 
*  graoevine  dispatch  "  sent  during  the  war,  and  he  wants  Lexington  to 
have  the  historic  credit  of  it. 

About  the  25th  of  June  the  troops  left  Lexington  for  the  south,  the  most 
of  the  Lafayette  county  men  being  in  Graves'  regiment  or  Bledsoe's  bat- 
talion. Gov.  Jackson,  Gen.  Rains,  and  Gen.  Parsons  commanded.  The 
ladies  and  citizens  generally  turned  out  to  bid  them  adieu,  to  wave  them 
fond  farewells,  and  to  pray  for  their  success  and  safe  return.     The  force 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  335 

was  hardly  an  army,  since  it  lacked  organization,  discipline,  and  experi- 
ence, but  there  was  material  in  it  for  an  Old  Guard  or  a  Light  Brigade 
as  was  afterwards  demonstrated. 

On  the  5th  of  July  the  right  at  Carthage  come  off  between  this  force 
and  Sigel's  command.  Bledsoe's  battery  did  important  service  here. 
Graves'  regiment  was  engaged  but  not  actively.  The  state  army  then 
inarched  to  Cowskin  prairie,  McDonald  county,  and  spent  some  time  in 
drilling  and  preparing  for  active  and  vigorous  service.  On  the  10th  of 
August  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek  was  fought,  and  here  again  the 
Lafayette  county  men  distinguished  themselves.  Graves'  regiment  was 
commanded  in  this  engagement  by  Benj.  Elliott,  who  was  given  his  posi- 
tion on  the  field  by  Gen.  McCulloch.  At  the  time  of  his  promotion  Elli- 
ott was  serving  as  a  private  in  the  regiment,  but  had  been  a  captain  at 
Camp  Holloway. 

THE  FIRST  FEDERAL   TROOPS. 

While  the  Secessionists  of  Lafayette  county  had  been  active  in  prepar- 
ing for  war,  the  Union  men  were  not  idle.  Some  of  the  latter  there  were 
who  had  determined  if  war  should  come,  to  take  a  part,  and  that  upon 
the  side  of  the  Union.  Early  in  the  season  a  number  had  left  the  county 
and  made  their  way  to  Kansas  City  or  the  State  of  Kansas,  where  they 
joined  the  companies  of  Union  militia  or  other  organizations  destined  for 
service  under  the  stars  and  stripes;  and  the  German  citizens  of  Freedom 
township,  under  the  leadership  of  Capt.  Becker,  were  organized  and  waiting 
for  arms  and  an  order  and  opportunity  to  strike.  The  Germans  of 
Lafayette,  like  all  of  their  fellow-countiymen  in  the  State,  were  almost 
unanimously  loyal  to  the  Federal  government.  Other  Union  citizens  of 
the  county  were  only  watching  and  waiting  for  the  advent  of  the  Federal 
troops  in  the  county  to  themselves  enlist  on  the  side  of  Uncle  Sam. 

FIRST  LAFAYETTE  PRISONER  OF  WAR. 

After  the  Boonville  fight,  Gen.  Lyon  sent  a  regiment  of  Unionists  up 

the  river  on  the  steamboat   While  Cloud,  which  landed  at  Lexington  July 

9th,  a  few  days  after  Price's  troops  had  left.      The  arrival  of  these,  the 

first  Federal  troops,  created  no  little  commotion  in   Lexington.     As  they 

x  disembarked  and  marched  up  from  the  wharf  the  angry  citizens  of  seces- 

I  sion  proclivities  called  to  them  and  shouted  at  them  in  no  very  complimen- 

L  tary  terms.     As  they  passed  the  residence  of  Wm.  G.  McCausland  they 

noticed  a  small  secession  flag  displayed  in  the  yard  and  demanded  that 

r  it  be   taken   down.       Mrs.    McCausland    told    them    if  they  wanted  it 

taken  down  they  must  do  it  themselves — she  wouldn't  do  it.*      Mean- 

-  while,  Mr.  McCausland  looking  up  the  street  from  his  store,   saw   the 

*  Mrs.  McCausland  is  one  of  the  most  refined,   intelligent,  and  liberally  educated  ladies 
of  LexiLgton,  and  would  have  ministered  to  a  sick  or  wounded  federal  as"  quickly  as  to  a 
;    confederate. 


336  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY*. 

soldiers  halted  in  front  of  his  house;  he  grasped  an  old  shot-gun 
and  ran  to  drive  the  invaders  from  his  premises,  but  was  promptly- 
arrested,  being  the  first  prisoner  taken  in  Lafayette  county  by  federal 
troops.  He  was  held  about  two  weeks  and  then  released  on  parole. 
Other  citizens  who  were  prominent  avowed  secessionists  were  also 
arrested,  James  Ball,  James  Lightner,  John  McFadden,  Alfred  Jones,  and 
Isaac  McGirk  being  among  the  number.  This  regiment  was  known  as 
the  Fifth  regiment  United  States  reserved  corps,  was  only  enlisted  for 
three  months,  and  was  commanded  by  Col.  Chas.  G.  Stifel  (pronounced 
sleefel).     It  was  composed  entirely  of  Germans  from  St.  Louis. 

Col.  Stifel  marched  his  regiment  almost  immediately  to  the  Masonic 
college,  where  he  went  into  camp  and  threw  up  intrenchments.  The 
prisoners  taken  were  confined  and  guarded  on  the  White  Cloud.  One  of 
them,  James  Lightner,  was  shot  dead  by  his  guard,  one  Henry  Hoefel,  of 
Company  A,  while  trying  to  effect  his  escape.  The  soldier  alleged  that 
Mr.  Lightner  attacked  him  with  a  drawn  chair.  The  other  prisoners 
were  either  released  on  parole  or  taken  to  St.  Louis  upon  the  return  of 
the  regiment. 

While  the  headquarters  of  Col.  Stifel's  regiment  were  at  Lexington, 
detachments  were  sent  out  through  the  country,  one  of  which  went 
up  the  river  to  destroy  all  boats,  so  as  to  prevent  the  crossing  of  re-en- 
forcements to  Gen.  Price.  At  Blue  Mills  landing  this  detachment  was 
fired  upon  and  one  man  killed  and  twelve  wounded.  About  200  packages 
of  the  powder  before  mentioned  were  found  by  another  detachment.  A 
company  of  re-enforcements  was  brought  down  from  the  vicinity  of  Fort 
Leavenworth  and  left  at  Lexington.  Two  other  Union  companies  were 
also  organized  and  armed  and  placed  in  the  newly  constructed  fort.  One 
of  these  was  Becker's  company,  before  mentioned,  and  the  other  a  com- 
pany raised  at  Lexington,  commanded  first  by  Gustave  Pirner  and  after- 
wards by  Henry-  Emde.  Each  of  these  companies  numbered  about  fifty 
men.  The  first  was  composed,  as  before  stated,  of  Germans  from  Freedom 
township,  with  a  few  members  from  Pettis  county,  some  of  whom  had 
been  at  Cole  Camp,  Benton  county.  The  other  company  was  chiefly 
composed  of  members  of  the  German  Turner  organization  of  Lexington. 
About  one  year  previously  this  organization  had  been  presented  with  a  fine 
United  States  flag  by  the  citizens  of  Lexington.  In  the  presentation 
speech  they  were  adjured  to  '■'■always  be  found  faithful  in  defending  their 
banner  from  assaults  from  any  quarter.''''  Now,  they  prepared  to  obey 
that  injunction.  Another  company  was  also  organized  at  Lexington  by 
Captain  Fred  Neet.  It  was  made  up  mostly  of  men  from  Lafayette 
county.  There  was  also  a  company  of  Union  men  commanded  by  Capt. 
Ridgell,  of  Ray  county.  This  company  numbered  about  fifty  men  from 
Ray,  Carroll,  and  Lafayette  counties. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  337 

On  July  16th,  the  time  of  Stifel's  regiment  having  expired,  it  left  for  St. 
Louis,  where  it  was  mustered  out  of  the  service.  On  the  way  down  the 
river  it  was  fired  on  from  the  Saline  county  shore  and  some  of  the  men 
killed  and  wounded.  In  Cooper  county  the  boat  landed,  and  three  of  a 
firing  party  from  the  shore  were  killed  by  a  detachment  sent  off  the  boat. 
Stifel's  regiment  was  the  one  that  fired  on  the  citizens  of  St.  Louis  at  the 
time  of  the  capture  of  Camp  Jackson. 

Upon  the  departure  of  Col.  Stifel,  the  command  of  the  post  at  Lexing- 
ton fell  upon  Capt.  F.  VV.  Becker,  of  the  Freedom  township  company. 
As  he  had  three  companies  under  him,  he  assumed  the  title  of  major. 
"  Major  "  Becker  had  formerly  been  a  stage  driver  from  Georgetown  to 
Warrensburg,  and  along  that  route.  He  had  very  little  education,  but 
affected  a  great  deal  of  wisdom,  and,  dressed  in  a  little  brief  authority, 
was  given  to  many  fantastic  tricks.  He  wore  a  pair  of  huge  epaulets 
and  a  stunning  uniform;  kept  himself  secluded  from  the  common  herd; 
was  surrounded  by  a  number  of  guards,  and  was  as  difficult  of  access  as 
a  czar.  Yet  withal  he  was  a  fair  soldier.  He  was  quite  well  versed  in 
military  tactics,  and  drilled  his  men  with  considerable  skill. 

Becker  remained  in  command  at  the  college  until  about  the  25th  of 
August,  when  Lieut.  Col.  White,  formerly  of  Stifel's  regiment,  assumed 
command,  the  force  then  consisting  of  Becker's,  Emde's,  RidgelPs,  Neet's 
and  Graham's  companies,  with  which  and  other  companies  the  formation 
of  a  regiment  was  then  under  way,  of  which  White  was  to  be  colonel, 
Graham  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Becker  major.  White  had,  in  addition  to 
his  infantry  force,  which  had  been  partly  armed  by  Stifel,  four  pieces  of 
artillery,  two  six-pound  iron  guns,  and  two  brass  cohorn  mortars  or  how- 
itzers. Neither  of  these  pieces  was  very  effective.  Graham's  company 
was  the  one  that  had  gone  from  Leavenworth.  It  was  composed  of  men 
who  had  gone  from  and  near  Rock  Island,  Illinois,  a  great  many  of  whom 
were  professional  men. 

In  the  latter  part  of  August  there  came  two  battalions  of  the  First  Illi- 
nois cavalry,  abont  500  men,  commanded  by  Col.  T.  A.  Marshall.  They 
were  from  St.  Louis,  and  came  via  Sedalia.  Although  a  fine  body  of 
men,  the  members  of  this  command  were  poorly  armed,  having  nothing 
but  old-fashioned  single-barrelled  dragoon  pistols,  and  sabers.  Col.  Mar- 
shall at  once  assumed  command.  About  the  8th  of  September  came  Col. 
James  A.  Mulligan  with  the  23d  Illinois  infantry,  a  regiment  composed 
almost  entirely  of  Irishmen  and  called  the  "  Irish  brigade."  This  regi- 
ment had  also  marched  across  from  Sedalia.  Being  the  senior  officer,  Col. 
Mulligan  relieved  Col.  Marshall  of  the  command  of  the  post.  He  had 
orders  from  Gen.  Fremont  to  fortify  and  hold  the  place,  and  information 
that  he  would  shortly  be  reinforced.  He  at  once  began  throwing  up  addi- 
tional entrenchments  and  enlarging  those  already  built. 


338  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

In  a  day  or  two  there  came  to  Col.  Mulligan,  by  steamer  from  Kansas 
City,  the  13th  Missouri  infantry,  under  Col.  Everett  Peabody,  of  St. 
Joseph,  and  Maj.  R.  T.  Van  Horn's  battalion  of  United  States  reserve 
corps,  of  Kansas  City.  These  troops  were  armed  with  muskets  and  bay- 
onets. Peabody's  regiment  was  composed  of  northwest  Missourians,  with 
a  few  from  southern  Iowa  and  eastern  Kansas.  With  this  command  there 
came  two  six-pound  brass  cannon,  in  charge  of  Capt.  Adams.  The  guns 
were  poorly  supplied  with  ammunition. 

LEXINGTON  FAIR  GROUNDS  ENCAMPMENT. 

In  the  latter  part  of  August,  Col.  Henry  L.  Routt,  with  a  body  of  state 
troops,  intended  for  service  against  the  federal  authority  rendezvoused  at 
the  fair  grounds  at  Lexington.  His  forces  numbered  at  first  about  800 
men,  but  were  increased  by  recruits  who  came  in  by  squads,  companies, 
and  singly,  from  day  to  day,  until  there  were  about  1,200  probably  in  all. 
Col.  Routt  was  from  Ray  county  and  had  seen  service  in  the  Mexican 
war.  His  men  were  from  Lafayette,  Jackson,  Ray,  Clay,  and  other  coun- 
ties north  of  the  river. 

The  situation  at  Lexington  was  now  somewhat  singular.  In  the  fair 
grounds  were  Col.  Routt's  troops,  secessionists,  and  only  a  mile  or  so 
away  were  their  deadly  enemies,  the  federals,  and  yet  both  camps  got 
along  without  a  general  engagement  for  some  days.  Pickets  were  con- 
stantly kept  out  and  there  was  an  occasional  interchange  of  shots,  but  no 
serious  damage  done.  Each  side  was  afraid  of  the  other.  Routt  had 
more  men  than  Becker  and  the  federals,  but  the  latter  were  the  better 
armed  and  in  fortifications.  One  feared  to  attack,  the  other  dare  not. 
At  last  Col.  Routt  thought  to  gain  his  point  by  a  ruse  de  guerre,  hardly 
fair,  and  only  allowable  in  war  times. 

A  number  of  pronounced  and  prominent  unconditional  union  men  had 
been  made  prisoners  by  the  state  troops.  Among  them  were  Ex-Gov- 
ernor Austin  A  King,  of  Ray  county,  Missouri's  chief  magistrate  from 
1849  to  1853;  Hon.  John  F.  Ryland,  ol  Lafayette  county,  a  citizen  of  Mis- 
souri since  1819,  judge  of  this  circuit  eighteen  years,  then  judge  of  the 
state  supreme  court  for  eight  years;  his  son,  John  E.  Ryland,  is  now 
criminal  judge  for  this  district;  Wm.  Fields,  and  Mr.  Casper.  Routt 
made  a  demand  for  the  surrender  of  the  troops  on  the  college  hill,  which 
was  refused.  He  thereupon  prepared  a  paper  in  which  it  was  stated  that 
the  force  of  the  state  troops  in  the  fair  grounds  was  a  very  large  one,  well 
armed,  and  supplied  with  artillery;  that  large  re-enforcements,  with  more 
artillery  were  on  the  way  from  north  of  the  river;  that  the  college  hill  was 
completely  invested,  and  that  the  best  thing  Becker  could  do  was  to  sur- 
render. This  paper  was  addressed  to  the  commander  of  the  federal 
forces,   and  was  presented  to  the  union   prisoners  for. their  signatures. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  339 

The  prisoners,  headed  by  Judge  Roland,  positively  refused  to  sign  a  paper 
containing  so  many  and  such  flagrantly  false  statements,  and  so  Routt's 
scheme  failed. 

Meanwhile  the  Pirner  brothers,  both  of  whom  had  seen  military  ser- 
vice in  the  old  country,  had  provided  three  shells  with  fuses  and  wanted  to 
see  whether  they  would  "go"  or  not.  So  the  next  evening  they  ran  one 
of  the  old  mortars  out  to  the  place  where  Hon.  H.  C.  Wallace  now 
resides,  and  fired  their  three  homemade  shells  toward  the  fair  ground, 
and  the  first  one  exploded  right  over  the  grounds.  This  created  a  perfect 
panic  among  the  raw  troops  there,  and  they  clambered  over  the  fences  in 
hot  haste,  every  man  for  himself,  leaving  horses,  arms,  equipments,  pris- 
oners, to  take  care  of  themselves.  Judge  Ryland  afterward  told  that  he 
was  as  badly  scared  as  the  rest  of  them,  for  he  was  in  the  same  danger, 
but  he  thought  it  as  safe  to  stay  as  to  run.  When  the  Pirner's  had  fired 
their  three  shells  they  withrew,  and  knew  nothing  of  the  effect  in  the  fair 
ground  until  a  negro  told  them  about  it  the  next  day.  Nobody  had  been 
hurt,  however. 

In  a  day  or  two  scouts  reported  the  advance  of  a  large  force  of  federal 
cavalry  from  Sedalia,  and  as  another  federal  force  was  known  to  be  in 
Johnson  county,  threatening  Lexington,  the  position  of  Col.  Routt  and  his 
men  was  a  perilous  one,"  and  he  retreated,  forming  a^  junction  with  the 
advancing  army  of  Gen.  Price  at  Index.  The  union  citizen  prisoners  were 
taken  along. 

THE    BATTLE    OF   LEXINGTON. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  month  of  September,  1861,  the  military  situa- 
tion in  Missouri  was  substantially  as  follows:  The  federal  troops  held  the 
Missouri  river  by  a  cordon  of  military  posts  stretching  from  St.  Louis  to 
St.  Joseph.  Communication  between  these  posts  was  easy  and  generally 
kept  up.  The  object  of  this  line  was  to  prevent  the  crossing  of  the  river 
\>y  the  secessionists  of  North  Missouri,  who,  to  the  number  of  5,000  or 
6,000,  were  armed,  organized  and  desirous  of  joining  the  army  of  Gen. 
Price  in  southwest  Missouri.  A  portion  of  these  men  were  of  Gen 
Thomas  A.  Harris'  2d  division  of  northeast  Missourians,  including  Mar- 
tin E.  Green's  brigade,  which  had  been  defeated  in  an  engagement  at 
Athens,  on  the  northeast  boundary  line  of  the  state  on  the  fifth  of  August. 
Harris  had  probably  3,000  men.  Another  force,  belonging  of  right  to 
the  4th  division,  was  in  northwest  Missouri.  All  crossing  of  the  river  by 
the  secessionists  had  to  be  done  covertly,  stealthily  and  in  small  squads. 
Only  two  or  three  instances  are  known  where  more  than  one  hundred 
crossed  at  one  time. 

To  break  this  blockade  and  to  release  the  semi-imprisoned  north  Mis- 
sourians became  the  object  of  Gen.  Price,  who  for  some  time  had   been 


340  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

resting  upon  the  laurels  he  had  won  at  Wilson's  Creek,  in  the  camps  in  and 
about  Springfield.  From  reports  he  knew  which  one  of  the  four  federal  posts, 
Jefferson  City,  Boonville,  Lexington  and  Kansas  City,  was  the  easiest  and 
most  important  one  to  take,  and  he  chose  Lexington,  knowing  the  ground 
and  the  almost  certainty  of  victory,  and  the  great  moral  effect  upon  the 
Missourians,  which  a  victory  at  Lexington  would  have,  following  upon 
their  important  success  at  Wilson's  Creek. 

In  the  last  days  of  August,  therefore,  Gen.  Price,  with  about  8,000  men 
and  seven  pieces  of  artillery,  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Lexington. 
He,  however,  continued  to  receive  reinforcements  as  he  advanced.  On 
the  2d  of  September  he  was  at  Nevada,  where  Col.  Bevier  reached  him 
with  300  men  from  north  Missouri.*  On  September  7th  the  army  encoun- 
tered Lane  and  Montgomery's  Kansas  troops  at  Dry  wood  creek,  Vernon 
county,  and  after  a  brief  skirmish  brushed  them  out  of  the  way  with  but 
insignificant  loss.  Capt.  Bledsoe  was  here  severely  wounded  by  a  bullet 
in  the  groin,  and  did  not  rejoin  his  battery  for  some  weeks. 

At  Index,  in  Cass  county,  the  advancing  column  was  met  by  Routt's 
and  Vard  Cockrell's  forces  from  Lexington.  Here  the  Lafayette  county 
regiment  underwent  re-organization.  Col.  Benjamin  Elliott  was  chosen 
colonel;  Counselman,  lieutenant-colonel, and  Samuel  Taylor,  maior.  This 
organization  lasted  until  the  six  months'  term  of  service  of  the  regiment 
had  expired.  Here  also  were  met  other  Missourians  "  in  arms  and  eager 
for  the  fray." 

FEDERAL    SEIZURE    OF    THE    LEXINGTON    BANK. 

Gov.  Jackson  had  appropriated  the  school  fund  of  the  state  to  the  arm- 
ing and  equipment  of  the  state  troops,  and  it  had  been  proposed  to  make 
forced  loans  from  certain  banks  of  the  state  for  the  same  purpose.  To 
checkmate  this  action  of  the  governor,  as  he  alleged,  Gen.  Fremont,  the 
federal  commander,  in  Missouri,  ordered  the  funds  of  certain  banks  of  the 
state  to  be  sent  to  St.  Louis  not  for  the  use  of  the  federal  authorities,  as 
he  claimed,  but  to  prevent  their  being  employed  to  aid  the  forces  of 
Gov.  Jackson  and  Gen.  Price.  In  obedience  to  this  order  of  Gen.  Fre- 
mont, therefore,  Col.  Marshall  directed  his  Lieut.  Col.  H.  M.  Day,  to  wait 
upon  the  officers  of  the  branch  of  the  state  bank  at  Lexington,  and  secure 
all  the  funds  of  that  institution,  giving  a  receipt  therefor,  and  bring  them 
to  the  fortifications  at  the  college.  This  was  done.  Col.  Day  waited 
upon  the  bank  officers  and  presented  the  following  order: 

Headquarters  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  Sept.  7,  1861. 

To  Col.  Day: — You  will  proceed,  without  delay,  with  one  company, 
to  take  possession  of  the  money  in  the  bank  at  this  place  and  give  vour 
receipt  for  it,  as  also  a  copy  of  this  order. 

T.  A.  Marshall, 
To  Lieut-Col.  H.  M.  Dav.  Col.  Commanding  at  Lexington. 

*Bevier's  "  Missouri  Brigades,"  page  302. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  341 

Mr.  Morrison,  then  one  of  the  directors  of  the  bank,  and  now  of  the 
Morrison- Wentworth  bank,  states  that  he  had  buried  the  funds  of  the 
bank,  in  anticipation  that  they  would  be  taken,  but  the  federal  officers  had 
been  informed  of  their  whereabouts  and  so  informed  him.  They  were 
therefore  soon  surrendered.  The  cashier,  Mr.  C.  R.  Morehead,  was 
afterward  censured  and  dismissed  from  the  service  of  the  bank  for  being 
the  informant,  but  he  declared  his  innocence. 

The  funds  taken  by  Col.  Marshall  amounted  to  $960,159.60,  of  which 
$165,659.60  was  in  gold.     Col.  Day  gave  the  following  receipt: 

Received  at  Lexington,  Missouri,  7th  September,  1861,  of  the  Farm- 
ers' Bank  of  Missouri  at  Lexington,  seven  boxes  of  American  gold  coin, 
marked  and  said  to  contain  each  $20,000,  and  numbered  from  1  to  7 
inclusive.  Also,  one  box  of  foreign  and  California  coin,  marked  and  said 
to  contain  $10,659.60;  also,  three  bags  said  to  contain  $5,000  each, 
amounting  in  all  by  the  above  estimate  to  $165,659.60;  also,  seven  cases 
of  bank  note  circulation,  being  the  circulation  of  the  Farmers'  Bank  of 
Missouri  at  Lexington,  numbered  and  said  to  contain  as  follows  and 
thus  marked:  "  No.  1,  $50,000;  No.  2,  $50,000;  No.  3,  $50,000;  No.  4, 
$74,000;  No.  5,  $100,000;  No.  6,  $200,000;  No.  7,  $270,500."  Total 
amount  of  bank  notes  circulation  being,  according  to  the  above  estimate' 
$794,500.  H.  M.  Day, 

Lieut.  Col.  1st  Cav.  Regt.  of  111.  Vols.,  U.  S.  A. 

By  appointment  of  the  bank,  Messrs.  S.  G.  Wentworth  and  C.  R. 
Morehead  started  with  the  money  for  St.  Louis  via  Warrensburg,  under 
convoy  of  Marshall's  cavalry.  When  about  20  miles  out  from  Lexington 
the  expedition  confronted  the  advance  of  Price's  army  and  hurriedly 
turned  about  and  returned  to  the  entrenchment  at  Lexington.  The  money 
was  then  delivered  to  Col.  Mulligan  and  buried  under  his  tent  by  Lt.-Col. 
Quirk,  Major  Moore,  and  Captains  Gleason  and  Moriarty,  the  first  three 
named  from  Chicago,  Capt.  Moriarty  from  La  Salle,  Illinois,  and  all  of 
Col.  Mulligan's  23d  Illinois  Infantry.  (See  article  headed  "  The  Lexing- 
ton Bank's  War  Money.") 

Against  the  seizure  of  their  money  the  president,  cashier,  and  members 
of  the  board  of  directors  present,  protested,  alleging  that  they  had  "  full 
faith  that  we  are  fully  able  to  protect  and  manage  the  same."  The  pro- 
test was  disregarded,  however,  but  the  officers  were  assured  that  they 
would  eventually  get  their  money,  since  it  was  only  being  removed  to 
prevent  its  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  "  rebels  "  under  Jackson  and 
Price.  No  objection  was  made  to  Messrs.  Wentworth  and  Morehead 
accompanying  the  treasure,  to  see  that  it  was  safely  deposited  in  St. 
Louis. 

CONFEDERATES    MARCH   ON    LEXINGTON. 

On  the  10th  of  September  the  advance  of  Gen.  Price's  army  reached 
Warrensburg,  and  the  next  morning  the  whole  army  came  up  and  rested 


342  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

there  that  day.  The  soldiers  were  tired  and  hungry  and  the  good  people 
of  Warrensburg  generously  fed  them  and  cared  for  them  to  the  best  of 
their  ability.  The  Federals  in  Warrensburg  had  abandoned  the  place  at 
midnight  before  Price  reached  the  town,  and  retreated  to  Lexington, 
burning  the  bridges  behind  them.  From  Warrensburg  to  Lexington  the 
distance  is  about  34  miles,  and  early  on  the  12th  Gen.  Price  started  for 
the  latter  place,  Col.  Elliott's  Lafayette  county  regiment  having  the 
advance.  The  troops  marched  hard,  fast,  and  far,  as  may  be  concluded 
from  the  distance  accomplished  in  the  given  time;  but  man)'  of  the  men 
were  in  sight  of  their  homes,  and  this  fact  annihilated  distance  and  lessened 
toil  and  fatigue. 

At  a  covered  bridge  across  the  Garrison  fork  of  Tabo  creek,  five  miles 
from  Lexington,  a  force  of  the  Federals  was  encountered.  This  force 
consisted  of  four  companies  of  home  guards,  a  portion  of  Peabody's  regi- 
ment, and  two  companies  of  Illinois  cavalry,  and  had  fallen  back  from 
Warrensburg  on  the  approach  of  Price's  forces.  The  Federals  were 
driven  back  and  another  skirmish  ensued  at  another  bridge  nearer  town. 
One  of  these  bridges  was  set  on  fire.  At  last  the  Federals  were  forced 
back  into  their  intrenchments  and  Prece's  forces  occupied  the  southern 
and  eastern  part  of  Lexington.  The  artillery  was  brought  up  and  the 
college  hill  vigorously  cannonaded  for  a  few  minutes.  Bledsoe's  battery 
took  up  a  position  near  the  residence  of  Judge  Tutt,  and  Guibor's  guns 
were  stationed  in  different  portions  of  the  town  in  range  of  the  college.  A 
portion  of  Rains'  division  also  got  within  range  of  the  Federals  and 
skirmished  with  them.  Darkness  closed  the  scene,  and  both  parties 
rested  for  the  time  and  prepared  for  future  and  greater  action.  A  strong 
picket  force  was  kept  up  by  each  side.  The  loss  of  the  Federals  in  killed 
during  the  skirmishes  of  the  evening  is  given  by  the  Chicago  PosCs  cor- 
respondent, who  was  in  the  fight,  as  8  killed  and  15  wounded.  Loss  of 
the  State  troops  unknown,  but  estimated  at  25  killed  and  wounded.  The 
forces  in  the  skirmishes  on  the  Federal  side  were  commanded  by  Major 
Van  Horn.*  The  forces  of  Gen.  Price  were  a  portion  of  the  Lafayette 
county  regiment  and  other  troops  of  Rains'  division. 

After  nightfall  councils  of  war  were  held  in  the  camps  of  both  armies. 
Mulligan  sent  for  his  officers  and  a  consultation  was  had  in  the  college 
building.  There  were  present  Cols.  Mulligan,  Marshall,  "*White,  Pea- 
body,  fGrover,  and  fDay,  Majors  Van  Horn  and  Becker,  and  Captains 
Neet,  Graham,  and  Duncan,  the  latter  from  Johnson  county  and  who  had 
followed  Peabody  from  Warrensburg.  The  subordinate  officers  all 
expressed  it  as  their  opinion  that  the  best  thing  to  do  under  the  circum- 

*Col.  [Maj  ]  Van  Horn  has  been  for  many  years  editor-in-chief  of  the  Kansas  City 
Journal;  and  was  the  member  from  that  district  in  the  39th  40th,  41st,  and  47th  Congress, 
f  White,  Grover,  and  Day  were  lieutenant  colonels. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  343 

stances  was  to  evacuate  the  works  and  the  place.  White  wished  to  cross 
the  river  on  the  two  steamboats  lying  under  the  works;  Peabody  and 
Marshall  wished  to  go  to  Sedalia,  Peabody  promising  to  go  with  his 
regiment  in  the  advance  and  clear  the  way.  When  every  other  officer 
had  given  his  views,  Mulligan  spoke:  "Gentlemen,"  said  he,  "  I  have 
heard  what  you  have  to  say,  but,  begad,  we'll  fight  ''em!  That's  what  we 
enlisted  for,  and  that's  what  we'll  do." 

Preparations  were  instantly  begun  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of 
the  plucky  commander.  The  whole  force,  in  details  of  500  men  was  put 
at  work  on  the  intrenchments  and  worked  night  and  day  until  they  were 
completed.  Mulligan  expected  re-enforcements  every  da)7.  Gen.  Lane, 
on  the  frontier  of  Kansas,  had  2,000  men,  and  these  with  a  part  of  Pope's 
command  under  Gen.  Sturgis,  and  a  large  portion  of  Jeff.  C.  Davis'  at 
Jefferson  City,  were  disposable  for  the  relief  of  Lexington,  toward  which 
point  they  were  directed  and  expected  to  move  as  rapidly  as  possible.  On 
the  13th  two  regiments  were  ordered  from  Jefferson  City  to  Lexington, 
and  word  of  this  reached  Mulligan.  He  accordingly  enlarged  his  works 
to  accommodate  the  expected  re-enforcements.  He  refused  to  have  any 
wells  or  cisterns  dug  at  first,  saying  that  the  college  cisterns  would  afford 
sufficient  water  for  the  men,  and  the  Missouri  river,  which  his  works 
commanded,  would  furnish  enough  for  Marshall's  cavalry  horses.  * 
Major  Moore  and  Captain  McNulty,  civil  engineers,  of  Mulligan's  regi- 
ment laid  out  the  works. 

The  same  night  a  conference  was  held  between  Gen.  Price,  Gov.  Jack- 
son, and  their  subordinate  commands.  One  or  two  of  the  officers  voted 
for  an  immediate  assault,  but  the  majority,  including  Gen.  Price,  decided 
that  there  should  be  no  useless  shedding  of  blood;  that  the  federals  need 
only  be  surrounded  and  watched;  that  their  capture  was  already  assured, 
being  now  a  mere  question  of  time;  that  Harris'  and  Green's  men  from 
north  of  the  river,  as  well  as  Boyd's  and  Patton's,  were  on  the  way  and 
ought  to  be  waited  for,  and  that  under  no  circumstances,  except  for  defense 
or  to  prevent  the  escape  of  the  federals,  ought  offensive  or  vigorous  ope- 
rations to  be  conducted.  "  We've  got  'em,  dead  sure,"  said  "  Old  Pap" 
to  his  officers.     "  All  we  have  to  do  is  to  watch  'em." 

The  next  morning  a  smart  skirmish  was  had  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fort. 
The  state  troops  were  repulsed.  Only  about  300  were  engaged  on  either 
side.  This  fighting  was  done  on  the  side  of  the  state  troops  by  the  Lafay- 
ette regiment  and  volunteers  from  elsewhere.  Conspicuous  among  the 
latter  for  gallantry,  and  reckless  in  his  exposure  of  himself,  was  Col.  John 

*Maj .  Neet,  of  Lexington,  says  a  well  was  afterwards  dug  ninety-seven  feet  deep,  one 
or  two  hundred  feet  north  of  the  college  building,  without  finding  water,  and  the  hole  was 
filled  with  dead  horses,  then  covered  with  dirt  again.  In  Col.  Mulligan's  speech  at  Detroit, 
Mich.,  Nov.  29th,  he  said:  "The  night  of  the  19th  two  wells  were  ordered  to  be  dug.*  We 
took  a  ravine,  and  expected  to  reach  water  in  about  thirty  hours." 


344  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

W.  Reid,  formerly  of  Lexington,  then  of  Jackson  county,  and  a  member 
of  the  federal  congress.  At  the  close  of  the  fight,  the  federals  sent  a  detail 
which  burned  the  residence  of  Thos.  B.  Wallace,  Esq.,  a  union  man.  The 
house  had  been  occupied  by  some  sharp-shooters,  who  were  picking  off 
the  federals  constantly.  After  this  the  state  troops  retired  to  the  fair 
grounds  and  the  federals  to  their  works,  to  improve  which  they  instantly 
began. 

From  this  on  for  five  days  the  situation  at  Lexington  was  a  singular 
one.  Both  the  federal  and  state  forces  were  occupants  of  the  town  at  the 
same  time.  Price's  army  was  encamped  at  the  fair  grounds,  where  Routt 
had  been;  Mulligan  and  his  men  were  on  college  hill,  where  Becker  had 
been.  Detachments  from  each  side  would  go  into  the  town,  meet  and 
exchange  shots  and  then  retire.  Col.  Elliott  and  the  Lafayette  county 
regiment  were  active  in  service.  On  one  occasion  the  colonel  himself,  at 
long  range,  shot  a  federal  soldier. 

From  the  13th  to  the  18th  of  September  there  was  constant  preparation 
going  on  and  daily  rencontres.  Gen.  Price  was  waiting  for  his  reinforce- 
ments from  the  north  side  of  the  river  and  also  for  the  arrival  of  all  of  his 
ammunition  wagons  and  munitions  of  war  from  Springfield,  and  closing 
around  the  federals.  In  the  meanwhile  Mulligan  was  fortifying  and  pre- 
paring to  receive  his  visitors  rather  warmly  when  they  should  come.  * 
In  addition  to  his  fortifications  he  constructed  pits  to  throw  into  confusion 
the  enemy's  forces  if  they  should  attempt  to  charge,  and  also  constructed 
mines,  stripping  the  college  building  and  the  boarding  house  of  their 
water  pipes  in  which  to  lay  his  fuses,  having  none  of  the  regular  sorts 
provided.  And  Mulligan,  too,  was  confidently  expecting  re-enforcements. 
Day  after  day  his  officers  looked  anxiously  across  the  river  into  the  wide 
bottom  lands  opposite,  in  hope  to  see  Sturges'  column  approaching  to 
their  relief,  or  listened  for  sounds  of  combat  from  the  southeast,  announc- 
ing the  approach  of  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  from  that  direction.  At  last  a  small 
column  was  observed  with  a  good  field-glass  some  four  or  five  miles  across 
the  river.  This  was  Gen.  Sturgis,  with  eleven  hundred  men  of  the  27th 
and  39th  Ohio  volunteers,  referred  to  in  Gen.  Pope's  dispatch  to  Fremont. 
But  Gen.  Parsons  lay  between  him  and  the  river  with  3,000  confederate 
troops,  and  Sturgis  therefore  retreated  to  Richmond.  See  article  headed 
"  Gen.  Sturgis'  March  for  Lexington." 

Re-inforcements  had  been  ordered  from  Lexington  by  Gen.  Fremont 
from  Gen.  Pope.  The  latter  had  telegraphed  Fremont  from  Palmyra  on 
the  16th: 

The  troops  I  sent  to  Lexington  will  be  there  the  day  after  to-morrow 

*Lieut.  McNulty,  an  old  foundry  man,  and  an  officer  in  Col.  Marshall's  cavalry  regiment 
took  possession  of  Morrison's  foundry  and  cast  cannon  balls  until  Price  got  possession  of 
the  city.     He  succeeded  in  making  150  six  pound  balls  before  being  driven  into  the  fort. 


HISTORY."    OF    LAYFAETTE    COUNTY.  345 

i 

(the  18th),  and  consist  of  two  full  regiments  of  infantry,  four  pieces  of 
artillery,  and  150  irregular  horse.  These,  with  the  two  Ohio  regiments 
which  will  reach  there  on  Thursday,  will  make  a  re-enforcement  of  nearly 
4,000  men  and  four  pieces  of  artillery. 

But  no  part  of  these  re-enforcements  ever  reached  Mulligan,  nor  did 
any  come  from  any  quarter. 

On  the  morning  of  the  13th  of  September,  the  reports  of  the  company 
commanders  of  Mulligan's  troops  showed  that  there  were  present  for  duty 
2,780  officers  and  men,  with  24  sick  and  wounded  in  the  hospital.  The 
strength  of  Gen.  Price's  forces  can  only  be  approximated.  Rations  were 
issued  to  twenty  thousand  men,  as  reported  by  Col.  Ben.  Elliott  to  the 
writer  hereof.  The  commissary  general  of  the  Missouri  army,  then  (and 
now)  in  Lexington,  refuses  to  furnish  any  information.  No  sooner,  how- 
ever, did  the  news  get  abroad  that  the  "  Yankees  were  surrounded  "  at 
Lexington,  and  the  rfews  traveled  fast,  than  recruits  flocked  in  from  every 
quarter,  and  it  is  probable  that  23,000  men  took  a  part  more  or  less  con- 
spicuous in  the  conflict  on  the  side  of  the  state. 

THE    BLUE    MILLS  RENCONTRE. 

On  the  17th  a  brilliant  little  victory  was  won  at  Blue  Mills  landing,  on 
the  Clay  county  side  of  the  river,  by  the  forces  of  Colonels  Boyd  and  Pat- 
ton,  principally  from  northwest  Missouri  and  on  their  way  to  join  Gen. 
Price.  The  state  guard  troops  who  were  crossing  at  Blue  Mills  consisted 
of  4,400  men.  Gen.  D.  R.  Atchison's  report  to  Gen.  Price,  says  they 
were,  one  regiment  of  infantry  under  Col.  Saunders,  and  one  under  Col. 
Jeff.  Patton ;  one  regiment  of  cavalry  under  Col.  Wilfley,  and  one  battalion 
under  Col.  Childs;  a  battalion  of  infantry  and  artillery  under  Col.  Boyd, 
embracing  Capt.  Kelly's  battery  of  four  guns;  and  a  small  force  under 
Col.  Cundiff. 

Gen.  Pope,  under  orders  from  Fremont,  had  telegraphed  Lieut.  Col. 
Scott,  at  Cameron,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joe  railroad  in  Clinton  county, 
and  to  Col.  Giles  F.  Smith,  at  St.  Joseph,  to  march  to  Liberty,  in  Clay 
county,  and  there  join  their  forces  and  intercept  the  rebel  troops  that  had 
left  St.  Joseph,  September  12th,  to  join  Price  at  Lexington.  A  later  order 
was  sent  to  Col.  Smith,  that  if  they  failed  to  intercept  the  rebel  troops, 
then  to  march  onto  Lexington;  but  Col.  Smith  had  already  gone  when  this 
order  came,  and  it  never  reached  him.  Lieut.  Col.  Scott  left  Cameron 
with  570  men  and  one  cannon,  the  3d  Iowa  regiment  and  a  few  home 
guards  and  German  artillerists  composing  the  force.  Col.  Smith's  forces 
consisted  of  his  own  regiment,  the  16th  Illinois,  two  companies  of  the  39th 
Ohio,  and  four  pieces  of  artillery.  (These  were  the  reinforcements  which 
Gen.  Pope  assured  Fremont  would  reach  Lexington  September  18th, 
consisting  of  "two  full  regiments  of  infantry,  four  pieces  of  artillery,  and 
150    irregular   horse.")       The   3d   Iowa,  Lieut.  Col.   Scott's  command 


346  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

reached  Liberty,  and  not  finding  the  Illinois  men  there,  and  learning  that 
the  "  rebels  "  were  nearly  at  the  river,  where  they  were  prepared  to  cross, 
set  out  after  them,  Gen.  D.  R.  Atchison  had  been  sent  by  Gen.  Price  to 
hurry  forward  the  reinforcements.  He  arrived  at  the  landing,  and  learn- 
ing that  the  federals  were  following  Boyd's  and  Patton's  men,  he  ordered 
an  ambush  to  be  laid,  into  which  the  Iowans  rushed  and  were  promptly 
and  thoroughly  defeated,  losing  forty  or  fifty  men,  while  the  Missourians 
lost  not  more  than  a  dozen.  Boyd's  and  Pattern's  men  (among  whom  it  is 
said  were  a  battalion  of  Harris'  division)  crossed  the  river  and  all  arrived 
at  Lexington  the  next  day.  Capt.  Kelly's  battery  of  four  guns  was  with 
the  command. 

On  the  same  dav  of  the  Blue  Mills  fight,  Gen.  Price  had  completed  the 
investment  of  the  federal  fortifications  except  the  side  next  the  river. 
Rains'  division  occupied  the  ground  east  and  northeast  of  the  works,  the 
line  stretching  as  far  south  as  Main  street.  Parsons'  division  lay  the  full 
length  of  Main  street,  [marked  North  street  on  city  map].  Slack's  4th 
division  joined  the  left  of  Parsons'  and  extended  to  the  river;  a  portion  of 
this  division  was  in  reserve.  The  next  day  Harris'  division  occupied  the 
line  along  the  river  front  to  a  junction  with  Rains'  division.  Bledsoe's 
battery,  commanded  at  first  by  Emmett  McDonald,  of  St.  Louis,  and  on 
the  last  day  by  Bledsoe  himself,  was  east  and  northeast  of  the  fort.* 
Guibor's  battery  was  at  work  from  different  positions  in  the  town,  usually 
at  street  crossings.  Congreve  Jackson's  force,  of  Clark's  division,  and 
Gen.  Steen's  division  were  considered  reserves,  but  were  actively  engaged 
at  times.  Gen.  McBride's  division  also  supported  and  acted  with  Harris'. 
Kelley's  battery  was  on  the  left  of  the  line,  along  the  river,  and  on  the  last 
day  was  in  position  northeast  of  the  Anderson  house.  Kneisley's  battery 
accompanied  Harris'  division  in  its  different  movements. 

A  demand  was  made  upon  Mulligan  for  surrender,  but  he  returned  the 
reply:  "  If  you  want  us,  you  must  take  us."  Thereupon  operations  be- 
gan in  earnest.  A  heavy  and  almost  continuous  fire  was  opened  on 
Mulligan's  position,  from  the  artillery  and  from  every  description  of 
smaller  firearms.  Old  long-barreled  squirrel  and  hunting  rifles  were  em- 
ployed by  the  newly  recruited  state-rights  men  who  did  good  execution 
with  them  as  sharpshooters.  They  crawled  up  the  gullies  and  ravines  to 
within  a  few  dozen  yards  of  the  Federal  intrenchments  and,  following  the 
.  fashion  at  Don ny brook  fair,  wherever  they  saw  a  head  they  hit  it — if  it 
were  the  head  of  a  Federal.  Old  shot-guns  were  also  employed  by  some; 
others  used  revolvers  when  they  could,  and  still  others  muskets.  Parsons' 
division  lay  along  the  sidewalks  on  Main  street.     The  houses  thereon  had 

*Bledsoe's  battery  was  planted  at  west  front  of  Judge  Tint's  residence,  part  of  the  time; 
and  Mrs.  Tutt  informs  us  that  three  fruit  trees  in  their  yard  were  shot  off  by  the  federal 
cannon;  one  ball  smashed  through  her  kitchen  and  into  the  main  house;  and  one  man 
was  killed  at  her  north  doorway. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  347 

been  for  the  most  part  vacated  by  the  residents.  The  soldiers  ascended 
to  the  upper  stories  and  fired  from  the  windows,  often  sitting  down  in  easy- 
chairs  in  the  intervals  between  firing,  and  taking  things  ^asy  and  luxuri- 
ously. Not  always,  however,  did  these  men  have  such  comfortable  rifle- 
pits  as  they  had  at  Lexington. 

And  now  the  people  came  in  from  all  parts  of  this  portion  of  the  State. 
Old  men  and  boys  gathered  from  the  surrounding  counties  with  arms  in 
their  hands  and  crept  up  and  took  a  pop  or  two  at  the  "  Yankees  "  in  the 
breastworks.  Indeed,  men  of  all  ages,  citizens,  not  soldiers,  did  the  same. 
Many  men  brought  their  wives  with  them  to  see  the  "sport "  of  a  battle! 
Some  of  the  visitors  rode  in  carriages,  and  the  occasion  seemed  to  be  re- 
garded as  a  sort  of  a  pic-nic,  or  holiday  affair. 

On  the  18th,  about  noon,  Col.  Rives  moved  down  the  river  and  cap- 
tured the  steamboat  and  the  ferry-boat.  He  had  assistance  from  Mc- 
Brides',  Slack's  and  Stein's  divisions.  Major  Becker,  who  commanded 
two  companies  of  Federals  that  were  in  a  lunette  breastwork  guarding  the 
boats,  beat  a  hasty  retreat  to  the  main  fortifications,  and  Harris' men  were 
soon  half  way  up  the  bluff  and  popping  away  at  the  now  completely 
cooped  up  Federals.  The  capture  of  the  boats  and  the  river  front  was  an 
important  one  and  greeted  with  enthusiastic  cheers  by  men  of  all  divisions 
of  the  State  troops. 

THE    HOSPITAL    EPISODE. 

The  Federals  had  occupied  as  a  hospital  the  then  magnificent  residence 
of  Oliver  Anderson,  Esq.,  a  two-and-a-half  story  brick  building,  down  the 
slope  about  twenty  rods  west  from  the  outer  line  of  their  intrenchments  [See 
diagram,]  and  several  hundred  rods  from  the  "  Masonic  College.  "  On 
top  of  this  building  there  was  a  yellow  flag  displayed,  marking  it  as  a  hos- 
pital, and  in  it  were  24  sick  and  96  wounded,  according  to  Mulligan's  re- 
port. The  hospital  was  in  charge  of  Dr.  Cooley  (now  of  Kansas  City)  as 
Surgeon  and  Rev.  Father  Butler,  a  Catholic  priest,  who  was  the  Chap- 
lain of  Mulligan's  regiment.  On  Wednesday,  September  18th,  this  hos- 
pital building  was  captured  by  the  State  troops,  the  reasons  for  which  are 
given  by  Brigadier  General  Thomas  A.  Harris  in  his  official  report  made 
to  Gen.  Price  immediately  after  the  close  of  the  siege.  At  the  time  of  the 
Lexington  battle  there  was  no  newspaper  being  published  in  the  city;  the 
Lexington  Express  had  been  suspended,  but  its  printing  material  was  in 
the  custody  of  Ethan  Allen,  Esq.,  now  business  manager  of  the  Lexing- 
ton Intelligencer  printing  establishment.  And  immediately  after  the  bat- 
tle Mr.  Allen  printed  two  sheets  or  circulars,  headed  "  Official  Bulletin — 
Extra, "  containing  the  official  reports  Generals  Price,  Parsons,  McBride, 
Harris,  Rains,  Stein;  Colonels  Rives,  Jackson,  Hughes;  Lieut.  Col.  Boyd 
and  Major  Winston.  And  from  this  document  we  copy  what  Gen.  Harris, 
in  his  report  to  Gen.  Price,  says  about  the  hospital  matter,  as  follows: 


348  history  of  lafayette  county. 

gen.  Harris'  official  report. 

At  11:15  o'clock  I  received  the  order  from  yourself  in  person  to  move 
my  command  along  the  bank  of  the  river  to  the  support  of  General 
McBride's  command,  and  Gen.  Slack's  division  under  command  of  Col. 
Rives.  At  the  same  time  you  gave  me  instructions  to  capture  the  brick  house, 
outside  the  enemy's  tines  of  defense,  known  as  the  Anderson  house,  or  hospital, 
provided,  that  if  upon  my  arrival  there  I  was  of  opinion  that  I  could  carry 
it  without  too  great  a  loss.  *  *.  Upon  my  reaching  the  point  known 
as  the  hospital,  I  dismounted  and  ascended  the  hill  on  foot.  On  my  arri- 
val I  found  Col.  Rives'  command  supported  by  a  portion  of  Lt.  Col. 
Hull's  and  Major  Milton's  (cavalry)  command  of  my  division.  From  a 
personal  inspection  of  the  position  occupied  by  the  hospital,  I  became  sat- 
isfied that  it  was  invaluable  to  me  as  a  point  of  annoyance  and  masque  for 
approach  to  the  enemy.  [See  diagram.]  I  at  the  same  time  received  your 
communication  as  to  the  result  of  your  reconnoisance  through  your  glass. 
/,  therefore,  immediately  ordered  an  assault  upon  the  position,  in  which  I 
was  promptly  and  gallantly  seconded  by  Col.  Rives  and  his  command, 
together  with  Lt.  Col.  Hull  and  Major  Milton,  and  their  commands  of 
my  own  divison.  The  hospital  was  promptly  carried  and  occupied  by 
our  troops;  but  during  the  evening  the  enemy  retook  it  and  were  after- 
ward driven  out  again  by  our  men  with  some  loss.  [The  state  troops 
first  captured  the  hospital  about  noon,  or  between  12  and  1  o'clock.  About 
2  or  3  o'clock  it  was  retaken  by  Mulligan's  men ;  and  about  4  or  5  o'clock 
was  charged  upon  and  captured  a  second  time  by  the  state  troops,  and 
thereafter  held  by  them.] 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  Gen.  Price  and  Gen.  Harris  planned  and 
ordered  the  capture  of  the  Anderson  house  or  hospital,  because  as  Gen. 
Harris  says,  "it  was  invaluable  to  me  as  a  point  of  annoyance  and  masque 
for  approach  of  the  enemy,"  a  fact  which  will  be  seen  at  a  glance  by  con- 
sulting the  diagram  of  the  position  printed  on  page  350.  [The  map  of  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  given  in  Greeley's  American  Conflict,  Vol.  I,  p.  586, 
is  so  ridiculously  inaccurate  that  it  is  a  perfect  burlesque.] 

This  hospital  matter  has  been  much  animadvered  upon  by  partisan 
writers  on  both  sides.  Col.  Mulligan  assumed  that  the  confederates  were 
guilty  of  a  breach  of  civilized  warfare  in  firing  on  a  hospital;  and,  conse- 
quently when  his  men  retook  the  building,  having  this  belief  firmly  fixed 
in  their  minds,  they  gave  no  quarter,  but  killed  every  armed  man  caught 
in  the  building.  Some  of  the  minor  confederate  officers  seemed  to  labor 
under  the  same  impression,  and  claimed  as  an  excuse  or  justification  for 
the  capture,  that  the  federals  had  fired  upon  them  from  inside  the  build- 
ing ;  but  this  was  positively  denied  at  the  time  by  the  surgeon,  Dr.  Cooley, 
and  the  priest,  Father  Butler,  who  were  in  the  hospital,  and  by  Major 
Meet,  Mr.  H.  Booth  man,  and  others,  still  living  in  Lexington,  who  were 
at  the  time  in  that  part  of  the  entrenchment  nearest  the  hospital.  But, 
aside  from  this,  the  official  report  of  Gen.  Harris,  made  at  the  time,  shows 
that  there  was  no  such  reason  for  the  capture ;  but  that  it  was  deliberately 
planned  and  ordered  as  a  rightful  military  movement.     The  federals  had 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  349 

no  militant  right  to  expect  that  a  strategic  position  so  important  to  their 
opponents  as  the  Anderson  house  and  premises  manifestly  was,  would  or 
should  be  left  in  their  quiet  possession  merely  because  they  had  seen  fit  to 
use  some  part  of  it  for  hospital  purposes.  Nevertheless,  that  first  false 
scent  has  been  followed  and  barked  after  for  twenty  years — the  federals 
erroneously  claiming  an  unjustifiable  attack  on  the  hospital,  and  the  con- 
federates erroneously  claiming  that  they  were  first  fired  on  by  federals 
from  inside  the  building,  and  that  for  that  reason  the  attack  was  made. 

Here  is  what  Pollard's  southern  history,  page,  165,  sa}rs  about  it: 

As  a  detachment  of  the  Missouri  troops,  under  command  of  Col.  Rives, 
.  were  passing  down  the  bank  of  the  river  to  capture  a  steamboat  lying 
under  the  enemy's  guns,  a  fire  was  opened  upon  him  from  a  building 
known  as  Anderson's  house,  standing  on  the  summit  of  the  bluff,  and  des- 
ignated as  a  hospital  by  the  white  flag  over  it.  There  were  in  the  build- 
ing at  the  time,  twenty-four,  sick ;  but  it  contained  also  a  large  body  of 
armed  soldiers.  Indignant  at  the  perfidy  which  directed  this  attack,  sev- 
eral companies  from  Gen.  Harris,  and  the  fourth  division,  rushed  up  the 
bank,  leaped  over  every  barrier  and  speedily  overpowered  the  garrison. 

Compare  this  with  Gen.  Harris'  report,  and  see  how  widely  they  differ. 
Gen.  Harris  was  the  man  who  planned  and  ordered  the  movement,  and 
he  certainly  ought  to  know  best  about  it. 

The  truth  of  history  in  this  matter,  without  any  partisan  coloring,  is 
simply  this:  When  the  first  capture  of  the  hospital  occurred,  which  was 
between  12  and  1  o'clock,  the  federals  did  not  have  an  armed  man  in  the 
building;  and  on  the  other  hand,  it  was  not  at  all  necessary  to  say  they  did, 
in  order  to  justify  Gen.  Harris'  tactics.  He  did  not  assault  the  hospital, 
but  its  capture  was  a  necessary  incident  of  any  success  he  might  have  in 
assaulting  that  part  of  the  federal  line.  There  were  confederate  sharpshoot- 
ers lying  under  the  edge  of  the  banks  of  a  dug-down  carriage-way  within 
eighty  feet  of  the  hospital  building  (see  diagram,  at  e);  and  as  soon  as  it 
became  known  that  a  charge  was  going  to  be  made  on  the  hospital  front  of 
the  federal  works,  and  even  before  the  assaulting  column  got  in  motion, 
some  of  these  sharpshooters,  probably  not  belonging  to  any  command,  had 
ran  across  that  eighty  feet  space  and  up  into  the  building,  and  commenced 
firing  down  on  the  federals  from  the  upper  windows.  Three  eye  witnesses 
of  this  movement  have  informed  us  that  it  was  not  over  thirty  seconds 
from  the  moment  they  started  on  the  run  till  they  were  in  the  building  and 
firing  from  the  windows.*  It  was  this  firing  which  was  seen  by  some  of 
the  confederate  troops  as  they  rushed  forward  in  the  regular  assaulting 
column;  but  not  knowing  anything  about  that  bit  of  independent  and  suc- 
cessful strategy  which  the  sharpshooters  had  played  on  their  own  hook, 

*  "The  confederates  obtained  possession  of  Col.  Anderson's  house  and  instantly  filled  it 
with  their  sharp-shooters.  *  *  *  This  was  only  some  thirty  or  forty  yards  from 
the  [Federal]  outer  line  of  entrenchments."— #<.  Louis  Republican  report. 


350 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY 


these  troops  in  line  very  naturally  supposed  that  the  firing  from  the  win- 
dows was  by  federals,  and  so  reported.  This  state  of  things  shows  plainly 
enough  how  it  happened  that  such  contrary  assertions  were  positively 
made  in  regard  to  this  matter;  and  both  sides  can  now  afford  to  accept  the 
truth  of  it — that  the  federals  did  not  perfidiously  use  a  hospital  building 
as  a  garrison,  as  Pollard  asserts;  and  the  confederates  did  not  wantonly 
assault  a  hospital,  as  Col.  Mulligan  and  the  federal  writers  claimed. 
The  following  diagram  is  given  to  make  the  matter  more  intelligible: 


DIAGRAM    OF    THE    HOSPITAL    POSITION. 


L 


r1 


Hospital     . 

O 
Spring       .  b 


Explanation.— "A'"  is  the  Anderson  house,  or  hospital.  -'B"  is  a  smaller  brick  house  back  of  it. 
"C1  was  an  outlying,  low  earthwork,  projecting  down  nearly  into  the  ravine  represented  by  the  dot  line, 
while  the  enclosed  earthwork  was  built  up  around  the  head  of  the  ravine,  as  shown  by  the  plain  line. 
4,D"  was  the  sally-port  in  the  earthworks,  and  was  about  103  yards  from  the  hospital.  "B"  was  a  canal- 
like carriage-way  leading  up  to  the  house,  and  in  which  the  sharpshooters  lay  secure,  only  about  SO  feet 

from  the  front,  door  of  the  hospital,  "A."    > '  ' '  These  marks  represent  federal  picket  guard  stations 

with  a  little  dirt  thrown  up  for  protection  from  bullets.  The  dotted  line,  8  8  8,  shows  a  "deep  gorge  or 
ravine  which  was  full  of  confederate  sharpshooters;  they  found  good  shelter  under  its  steep  banks,  as 
marked  s  8  s. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  351 

After  Mulligan's  men  recaptured  the  Anderson  House  they then  fired from 

it,  the  same  as  the  confederate  sharpshooters  had  done  before,  although 

the  hospital  flag  was  still  flying.     But  in  a  short  time — not  more  than  one 

or  two  hours — the  confederates  came  on  again  with  increased  forces,  drove 

them  out,  and  again  took  possession.     Some  of  the  confederate   soldiers 

who  took  part  in  this  second  affair  knew   nothing  about  the  first  one — 

didn't  know  that  there  had  been  any  other — and  hence,  these,  from  this 

circumstance,  were  misled  in  their  ideas  about  the  first  firing  from  the 

building. 
t 

FKDEARL  OPERATIONS. 

As  soon  as  word  was  sent  to  Mulligan  that  the  hospital  had  been  cap- 
tured, he  ordered  a  German  company,  of  Peabody's  regiment,  to  retake 
it.  This  company,  Mulligan  says,  refused  to  go  outside  of  the  breastwork, 
saying:  "We  shall  go  not  out,  for  it  is  bad  to  go  out!"  A  company  of 
White's  home  guards  was  then  ordered  to  "go  out,"  but  it  would  "go not 
out."  "Then,"  Mulligan  says,  "the  Montgomery  guards,  Capt.  Gleason, 
of  the  Irish  brigade,  were  brought  out.  The  captain  admonished  them  that 
the  other  companies  had  shrank  from  the  task,  and  with  a  brief  exhorta- 
tion to  uphold  the  name  they  bore,  gave  the  word  to  ' charge /'  The  dis- 
tance was  SCO  yards.  They  started  out  from  the  intrenchments,  first 
quick,  then  double-quick,  then  on  a  run.  The  enemy  poured  a  shower  of 
bullets  upon  them,  but  on  they  went.  They  ran  down  the  slope  to  the 
hospital,  and,  with  great  bravery,  drove  the  enemy  before  them,  hurling 
them  far  down  the  hill  beyond." 

The  assault  was  no  doubt  a  brave  one,  but  it  was  also  a  ferocious  one. 
Mulligan  had  said:  "Teach  the  d — d  vagabonds  what  it  means  to  charge 
a  hospital,  and  abuse  wounded  men,  and  insult  a  priest;"  and  Gleason's 
company  took  but  one  prisoner,  a  young  man  named  Mansur,  from  the 
north  side  of  the  river;  he  got  under  the  blanket  with  one  of  the  Illinois 
cavalrymen  who  was  lying  sick,  and  so  passed  for  a  sick  man  himself,  and 
thus  escaped.  All  the  rest  caught  in  the  building  were  shot  or  bayoneted; 
three  of  these  latter  were  from  Richmond,  Ray  county.  These  federal 
soldiers  have  been  accused  of  barbarity,  but  they  were  resenting  what 
they  at  the  time  fully  believed  to  have  been  a  wanton  violation  of  the  hos- 
pital flag. 

The  federals  held  the  Anderson  house  but  a  short  time.  It  was  retaken 
that  evening,  after  a  hot  fight  on  the  part  of  Capt.  Gleason,  who  was 
twice  wounded;  once  by  a  ball,  which  passed  through  both  cheeks,  and 
again  by  another,  that  went  through  his  arm.  The  loss  of  the  federals,  at 
the  Anderson  house,  Mulligan  says,  was  thirty  out  of  eighty  men 
engaged.  It  is  said  that  four  of  these  were  sick  and  wounded  men  in  the 
hospital,  who  were  killed  by  shots  not  aimed  at  them.     The  priest,  Father 


352  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Butler,  was  wounded  by  a  bullet,  which  cut  a  groove  entirely  across  his 
forehead. 

Mulligan's  position  now  was  indeed  a  perilous  one.  Environed  on  all 
sides,  subjected  to  a  disagreeably  accurate  fire,  both  of  artillery  and  small 
arms,  his  men  dared  not  expose  themselves.  Now  they  were  entirely  cut 
off  from  the  river,  and  Marshall's  cavalrymen  and  some  of  the  teamsters 
had  watered  their  horses  out  of  the  cisterns  at  the  college,  and  there  was 
but  little  water  left — what  there  was  being  muddy.  Two  springs  at  the 
foot  of  the  blufls,  one  on  the  north  and  one  on  the  south,  were  closely 
guarded  by  the  enemy,  and  it  was  death  to  venture  to  them.  Mrs.  Engle 
and  Mrs.  McDonald,  wives  of  two  soldiers,  were  inside  the  fortifications* 
They  ventured  down  to  the  spring  on  the  north  side  for  water,  but  were 
met  by  the  guards,  given  refreshing  draughts  themselves,  their  buckets 
politely  taken  from  them,  and  they  then  returned  of  their  own  accord  to 
their  husbands.  Greeley's  history,  and  several  others,  sav  that  in  their 
extremity  "the  soldiers  caught  the  falling  rain  in  their  blankets,  and  then 
wrung  it  out  into  camp-dishes,  to  assuage  their  thirst."  Lieut.  McClure's 
diary  notes  that  rain  fell  during  the  afternoon  of  September  13;  and  the 
Chicago  Tribune's  account  of  the  battle  says,  "a  heavy  rain  came  at  inter- 
vals, greatly  to  their  relief." — (Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  3,  p.  71.)  One  of 
Col.  Mulligan's  men  prepared  a  consecutive  and  well  written  account  of 
the  battle  for  the  Chicago  Post,  in  which  he  says:  "On  the  morning  of 
the  19th  it  rained  heavily  for  about  two  hours,  saturating  our  blankets, 
which  we  wrung  out  into  our  canteens  for  drinking." 

On  the  19th  the  situation  was  unchanged  save  for  the  worse,  and  on  the 
20th  it  was  still  worse.  Marshall's  cavalrymen  and  the  horses  were  a 
great- disadvantage  to  the  Federals.  The  men  could  not  fight  save  only 
as  a  soldier  of  another  command  was  shot  and  unable  to  use  his  musket, 
for  they  were  armed  only  with  old  dragoon  pistols  that  would  not  carry 
above  100  yards,  and  then  would  hit  nothing  they  were  fired  at.  The 
horses  were  only  in  the  way.  Many  were  killed  and  the  stench  from  their 
carcasses  soon  became  unbareable.  The  dead  bodies  of  the  men  that  had 
been  killed  were  also  very  offensive,  for  they  were  permitted  to  lie  above 
ground  awaiting  the  close  of  the  fight,  until  the  night  of  the  19th,  when 
some  of  them  were  given  a  hasty  and  imperfect  burial  inside  of  the  works. 
The  horses  became  frantic  with  thirst  and  many  of  them  ran  about  the 
works  unrestrained  and  trampled  upon  the  soldiers.  Their  masters  were 
for  the  time  being  non-combatants,  and  only  sought  to  shelter  themselves 
from  the  bullets  of  the  enemy. 

*The  wife  of  Col.  Mulligan  was  in  the  city,  a  gnest  of  the  family  of  Wm.  Hunter,  Esq. 
She  had  come  from  Jefferson  City  after  the  seige  commenced.  Mrs.  Maj.  Van  Horn 
was  at  the  Virginia  hotel,  then  kept  by  Henry  Turner,  Esq.,  on  the  corner  of  Laurel  and 
Franklin  streets  (now  the  Opera  House).  Dr.  Alexander  was  then  postmaster,  and  deliv- 
ered the  federal  soldiers'  mail  to  Mrs.  Van  Horn. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  •      353 

The  position  of  Mulligan's  forces  the  greater  portion  of  the  time  were 
as  follows:  The  Irish  brigade  [regiment]  were  in  the  woods  on  the  north 
aad  northeast;  Peabody's  regiment  and  one  or  two  of  the  home  guard 
companies  were  upon  the  south,  and  Col.  White's  home  guards,  Neet's, 
Graham's  and  Van  Horn's  men  held  the  west  line  and  an  angle  on  the 
south. 

On  the  evening  of  the  18th  Dr.  Cooley,  being  on  parole,  came  up  from 
the  Federal  hospital  to  the  entrenchments  on  an  errand.  As  he  passed 
Capt.  Neet,  he  whispered,  "Lookout!  they'll  charge  you  to-night."  Thus 
forewarned,  a  picket  rope  was  procured  from  the  cavalry  and  stretched  in 
front  of  the  breastworks  and  between  them  and  the  hospital.  True  enough, 
at  about  9  o'clock  a  charge  was  made  by  some  of  the  men  of  Rive's  com- 
mand, but  it  was  easily  repulsed,  with  some  loss  on  the  part  of  the  assail- 
ants, the  picket  rope  tripping  many  of  them  up  and  adding  to'the  confu- 
sion which  led  to  their  repulse. 

On  the  19th  a  fire  from  all  sides  was  kept  up  on  the  fort,  and  many 
Federals  were  struck.  The  old  squirrel  rifles  were  getting  in  their  work. 
Their  owners  crept  up,  and  with  a  tree,  a  stump,  a  rock,  or  a  hump  of 
earth  for  a  breastwork,  they  fired  at  every  animated  object  they  saw 
inside  of  Mulligan's  works.  Not  a  "  yankee  "  dare  raise  his  head  above 
the  parapet,  and  indeed,  not  a  "  reb  "  dare  expose  himself  to  Mulligan's 
muskets  either.  Many  of  the  Missouri  sharp-shooters  were  up  in  trees, 
from  which  positions  they  made  it  especially  warm  for  the  Federals.  At 
8  o'clock  p.  m.  a  proposition  to  surrender  was  received  by  Mulligan  and 
rejected. 

At  1  o  clock  on  the  morning,  of  the  20th  the  batteries  of  the  State  forces 
opened  on  the  Unionists,  occasioning  some  alarm  on  the  part  of  the  latter 
and  apprehension  of  an  immediate  assault;  but  none  was  made,  and  the 
camp  relapsed  into  something  of  quietude,  notwithstanding  the  incessant 
firing  of  the  riflemen  of  Rains  and  Harris  and  Parsons  and  Slack. 

Provisions  were  scarce  in  Mulligan's  camp.  There  were  no  crackers 
or  "  hard-tack,"  and  no  water  with  which  to  prepare  flour  lor  baking. 
By  some  means  a  little  was  procured  and  some  "slap-jacks"  made  by 
some  of  the  Irishmen  on  the  night  of  the  19th.  But  the  Federals  did  not 
complain  so  much  of  hunger  as  of  thirst;  and  while  there  was  much  dis- 
tress from  the  latter  cause  there  was  comparatively  little  complaint  upon 
that  score.  Officers  and  men  were  anxious  to  fight  the  battle  to  the  end, 
let  that  be  what  it  might.     And  the  end  was  beginning. 

Mulligan  hoped  that  either  re-inforcements  would  reach  him,  or  that 
Price  would  assault  him.  The  only  really  practicable  points  of  assault  upon 
his  works  were  east,  north  and  south  of  the  heavy  breastworks  about  the 
college  building  and  the  boarding  house,  and  these  were  easily  defended. 
The  ground  in  front  was  dug  full  of  pits,  the  ditch  was  deep  and  broad 


354  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  the  approaches  heavily  mined.  A  storming  column  would  have  been 
blown  into  the  air  before  it  could  reach  the  pits,  and  there  were  mines  up 
to  the  edge  of  the  ditch. 

An  assault  was  advised  by  some  of  the  subordinate  commanders  of  the 
State  troops,  and  hundreds  of  men  were  quite  willing  to  attempt  it;  but 
Gen.  Price  refused  to  needlessly  expose  his  men  to  such  great  danger, 
when  he  had  as  he  expressed  it,  a  "  dead  sure  thing  "  on  Mulligan's  com- 
mand. "  There  is  no  use  in  killing  the  boys  now,"  he  is  reported  to  have 
said;  "poor  fellows!  They  may,  some  of  them  at  least,  be  killed  soon 
enough." 

The  morning  of  the  20th  dawned  cold  and  cloudy.  Bledsoe's  battery 
opened  early  on  the  college  building,  and  was  assisted  by  a  section  of 
Guibor's,  under  Capt.  S.  Churchill  Clark,  of  St.  Louis.  The  object  was 
to  Datter  down  the  building,  or  make  it  untenable  for  Mulligan  and  his 
men;  but  the  calibre  of  the  artillery  was  too  small  to  effect  much  in  this 
direction.  All  of  the  guns  were  six-pounders,  save  "  old  Sacramento,"  the 
famous  twelve-pounder  of  Bledsoe's  battery.  The  Federal  artillery  replied 
very  infrequently.  Ammunition  was  getting  scarce.  Adams'  two  guns 
of  Peabody's  command  had  only  a  few  solid  shot,  cast  in  Morrison's 
foundry,  by  Lieut.  McNulty,  of  IMarshall's  cavalry,  and  all  the  artillery 
cartridges  used  during  the  siege  were  made  by  hand.  One  iron  gun  in 
charge  of  the  Lexington  home  guards  under  Capt.  Pirner  used  canister 
shot,  made  very  rudely  by  themselves.   (See  article  headed  "  Battle  Items.") 

Mulligan's  artillery  fired  many  shots  into  the  town.  One  of  the  can- 
non balls  struck  one  of  the  Doric  columns  of  the  court  house,  and  the 
place  where  it  struck  is  plainly  visible  at  this  day.  Another  struck 
the  rear  of  the  business  house  on  the  corner  of  North  (or  Main)  and 
Pine  streets,  where  Geo.  F.  Maitland's  grocery  house  is  now  located;  the 
ball  passed  through  the  iron  window  grating,  and  then  striking  a  large  iron 
safe  near  its  corner,  plunged  diagonally  through  its  iron  and  asbestos  wall 
and  out  again  diagonally  through  the  next  rectangle  wall.  E.  Winsor, 
Esq.,  now  has  that  safe  in  his  insurance  office;  and  how  that  cannon  ball 
could  go  through,  instead  of  glancing,  when  it  struck  the  heavy  iron  safe 
at  a  slant,  is  a  philosopical  mystery.  A  hot  shot  set  on  fire  a  frame  building 
on  Main  street,  behind  whii  h  one  of  Guibor's  guns  had  been  placed,  and 
the  house  was  wholly  consumed.  It  belonged  to  John  M.  Fleming,  a 
decided  union  man.  Other  houses  in  various  parts  of  town,  mostly  near 
the  college,  were  burned  by  hot  shot  from  Adams'guns.  On  the  last  day 
of  the  siege,  Guibor's  battery  fired  some  hot  shot  at  the  federals,  aiming 
at  the  college  building,  but  did  not  succeed  in  burning  it. 

At  about  9  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  20th,  quite  spirited  fighting 
took  place  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  federal  intrenchments,  between 
Harris'  and  Martin  Green's  northeast  Missourians  on  one  side,  and  Beck- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  355 

er's  home  guard,  and  one  company  of  the  Irish  regiment  on  the  other. 
Green's  men  made  a  splendid  charge  on  the  outer  line  of  breastworks,  and 
carried  them,  but  were  shortly  after  driven  out  with  some  loss.  Kelley's 
battery  was  moved  up  to  the  position  occupied  by  Gen.  Harris' force,*  and 
quickly  opened  a  very  effective  fire. 

When  the  federal  transports  were  taken,  the  lower  decks  of  one  of  them 
were  protected  by  hemp  bales  procured  from  some  of  the  warehouses  on 
the  wharf.  On  the  evening  of  the  19th,  some  of  Harris'  men  themselves 
rolled  some  of  these  bales  part  way  up  the  bluff",  and  lay  down  to  sleep 
behind  them.  After  this  all  the  hemp  bales  in  Anderson's,  McGrew's, 
Sedgwick's,  and  other  warehouses,  were  brought  forward  and  used  with 
powerful  effect.  [See  article  headed  "The  Hemp  Bale  Strategy,"  on 
another  page]. 

At  12  o'clock  on  the  20th,  the  situation  of  the  federals  was  desperate 
and  distressing.  Mulligan  was  wounded  in  the  arm  by  a  grape  shot  from 
Bledsoe's  guns,  and  through  the  calf  of  the  leg  bv  a  squirrel  rifle  ball. 
Marshall  was  wounded  in  the  chest;  White  was  severely  wounded,  (shot 
through  the  lungs,  but  lived  a  cripple  in  St.  Louis,  for  six  or  eight  years 
afterward);  Peabody  was  wounded;  Van  Horn  was  wounded;  Groverwas 
wounded ;  other  officers  were  wounded.  Major  Becker  was  in  the  outer 
works,  the  only  undisabled  officer  in  his  rank.f 

At  about  half  past  one  o'clock  Major  Becker,  from  the  works  near  the 
college  building,  raised  a  white  flag.  Instantly,  the  firing  on  the  part  of 
Price's  troops  slackened,  and  soon  ceased  altogether.  The  federals  in 
other  parts  of  the  works  did  not  understand  the  silence  that  followed,  and 
when  told  that  it  meant  surrender,  many  of  them  cursed  and  upbraided 
Becker  for  his  action,  declaring  themselves  able  and  willing  to  "  fight  the 
thing  out."  Whether  or  not  Col.  Mulligan  in  his  heart  approved  the 
raising  of  the  white  flag  at  the  time  cannot  be  stated.  Certain  it  is  that 
he  manifested  much  emotion,  going  to  the  extent  of  shedding  tears,  and 

denouncing  the  "d d  cowardly  home  guards,"  but  it  is  just  as  certain 

that  he  soon  sent  out  Capt.  McDermott,  of  the  Irish  brigade,  with  a  white 
handkerchief  tied  to  a  ramrod,  and  directed  him  to  make  arrangements 
for  a  parley.  Maj.  Moore,  also  of  the  brigade,  was  sent  to  Gen.  Price's 
headquarters,  and  the  terms  of  surrender  were  arranged.  These  were 
unconditional — the  officers  were  to  be  retained  as  prisoners  of  war,  the 
men  to  be  paroled  and  allowed  to  depart  with  their  personal  property, 
after  surrendering  their  arms  and  accouterments. 

No  sooner  was  the  white  flag  seen  to  go  up  from  the  federal  intrench- 
ments  than  the  Missourians  manifested  an  anxious  desire  to  cheer.    "  Wait 

♦According  to  Geu.  Price's  report. 

fit  is  said  that  when  Becker  was  told  that  all  the  other  officers  were  disabled,  and  he 
was  now  in  chief  command,  he  replied,  "  Veil,  den  I  shtops  tnis  tamm  foolishness  poorly 
gwick !  " 


356  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

a  moment,  boys,"  said  Gen.  Rains,  "  until  we  ascertain  if  they  really  want 
to  surrender,  and  then  you  may  halloo  all  you  want  to."  In  a  few  minutes 
the  situation  was  understood,  and  then  there  was  cheering  to  be  remem- 
bered! The  confederates  poured  over  the  breastworks  to  make  the 
capture  complete,  but,  not  before  many  of  Marshall's  men  killed  their  fine 
cavalry  horses  to  prevent  their  falling  into  the  hands  of  their  captors. 
Some  of  the  union  troops  cursed  Becker  most  bitterly.  "  We  have  sur- 
rendered— there's  a  white  flag  up,"  said  some  of  Peabody's  men  to  Ridge's 
company.  "Who  put  it  up?"  was  asked.  "Becker."  "D — n  Becker! 
kill  him!  shoot  him!"  and  a  volley  was  fired  at  him  without  effect.  Yet, 
perhaps,  after  all,  Becker  did  the  sensible  thing;  and  perhaps  the  men  who 
denounced  him  were  secretly  satisfied. 

At  five  p.  m.,  the  stars  and  stripes  over  the  college  building  were  taken 
down  and  the  Irish  flag  of  green,  bearing  thereon  the  harp  and  the  sham- 
rock, was  captured  from  its  bearers  in  Mulligan's  regiment.  Each  com- 
pany in  the  brigade  had  its  own  flag,  presented  to  it  by  friends  at  home, 
and  every  flag  was  lost.  A  small  confederate  flag  captured  by  the  home 
guards,  when  the  night  assault  was  made,  was  among  the  trophies  tha 
the  federals  concealed  and  took  away  with  them. 

At  four  o'clock,  p.  m.,  on  Saturday,  the  federal  forces  having  laid  down 
their  arms,  were  marched  out  of  the  entrenchments  to  the  tune  of  "  Dixie," 
played  by  the  bands  of  the  state  guard,  while  great  cheers  went  up  from 
Price's  soldiers  and  their  friends.  That  same  night  the  Illinois  troops 
were  sworn  not  to  take  up  arms  against  the  state  of  Missouri,  or  the  con- 
federate states  and  were  sent  across  the  river  under  an  escort  from  Rains' 
division  to  Richmond.  The  next  day  they  reached  Hamilton,  a  station  on 
the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  railroad,  and  then  took  the  cars  for  Quincy, 
Illinois.  The  next  day  Peabody's  regiment  and  the  home  guards  were 
turned  adrift,  on  parole,  not  to  take  up  arms  again  until  regularly 
exchanged.  As  some  of  the  home  guards  lived  in  Lexington,  they  were 
soon  at  their  homes.  Gen.  Price  gave  some  of  them  up  to  their  wives  on 
the  day  of  the  surrender. 

AFTER   THE   SURRENDER. 

I 

After  the  surrender  the  union  prisoners  were  uniformly  well  treated. 
Gen.  Rains'  men  especially  were  kind  to  the  men  whom  they  escorted  to 
Richmond,  slaughtering  a  flock  of  sheep  for  them  on  the  way.  Gen.  Price 
and  his  men  were  also  courteous  and  generous  to  the  prisoners.  "  Old 
Pap  "  admired  the  pluck  of  Mulligan  and  refused  to  take  his  sword. 
Some  of  the  more  unprincipled  of  the  men  of  Price's  army,  however, 
acted  outrageously.  A  doctor  of  Lexington,  named  Roberts,  made  an 
assault  upon  Col.  Marshall  with  a  bowie-knife,  and  announced  his 
intention  of  killing  that  officer,  while  he  was  a  wounded   prisoner -at  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  357 

residence  of  George  Wilson,  Esq.  He  was  prevented  by  Mr.  Wilson 
and  others. 

As  Mulligan's  men  marched  down  street  on  their  way  across  the  river, 
many  citizens  and  some  soldiers  called  out  to  them  arid  hooted  at  them, 
and  these  persons  had  before  made  the  same  demonstrations,  and  this 
caused  Gen.  Price  to  issue  an  order  that  the  troops  of  Gen.  Mulligan, 
"  having  fought  gallantly  and  heroically,"  were  not  to  be  disturbed  "  by 
act,  word  or  deed." 

"The  visible  fruits"  of  Gen.  Prices  victory  were  the  prisoners,  stated 
by  the  General  himself,  in  the  exhuberance  of  joy  over  his  victory,  at 
"  about  3,500  men,"  but  amounting  really  to  less  than  2,700  of  all  arms; 
five  pieces  of  cannon,  all  six-pounders;  two  old  ineffective  mortars;  about 
3,000  stand  of  arms  for  infantry  and  cavalry;  nearly  600  horses;  a  lot  of 
equipments,  wagons,  etc.;  a  quantity  of  commissary  stores  and  some  other 
property.  The  moral  effect  was  of  inestimable  value  to  the  southern 
cause.  The  state  had  been  pronounced  out  of  the  union  by  Gov.  Jackson, 
but  the  legislature  had  not  yet  adopted  a  formal  act  of  secession.*  The 
result  at  Lexington  prepared  the  minds  of  vast  numbers  of  people  for 
secession,  strenghtened  the  weak  and  encouraged  the  faint-hearted  in  the 
cause,  and  made  many  a  soldier  for  the  confederate  army.  Many  a  man 
in  this  part  of  Missouri  when  he  heard  of  Mullian's  capture  avowed  him- 
self a  "secessionist  all  the  time!"  And  many  a  man  who  had  concluded 
to  enroll  himself  as  a  union  man,  thought  better  of  it,  and  became  in  ■time 
a  confederate. 

The  loss  of  Lexington  was  a  very  severe  one  for  the  federals.  Fre- 
mont was  greatly  exercised  over  the  matter.  He  had  trusted  to  Gen. 
Jeff.  C.  Davis  at  Jefferson  City,  and  to  Gen.  Pope  and  Sturgis  to  re-en- 
force Mulligan,  and  was  totally  surprised  when  ^he  heard  of  the  latter's 
surrender,  two  days  after  it  occurred.  He  instantly  put  his  troops  in 
motion  to  try  and  retrieve  the  disaster. 

THE    HEMP-BALE    STRATEGY. 

The  use  of  hemp-bales  by  Gen.  Price's  army  for  movable  breastworks,  at 
the  battle  of  Lexington,  is  a  matter  that  has  been  a  source  of  dispute  and  con- 
troversy— first,  as  to  who  is  entitled  to  the  honor  of  first  suggesting  it; 
secondly,  as  to  whether  the  bales  were  wetted  or  not;  thirdly,  as  to 
whether  they  caused  the  final  surrender  or  not.  There  are  different  claim- 
ants of  the  original  idea  or  first  suggestion  of  it,  as  we  show  hereafter. 
The  official  reports,  which  we  have  fished  up  out  of  dusty  oblivion,  show 

*It  was  at  Lexington,  September  26,  1861,  that  Gov.  Jackson  issued  his  proclamation, 
calling  the  legislature  to  meet  at  Neosho,  on  the  21st  of  October;  39  representatives  and  10 
senators  responded  to  the  call,  as  officially  stated  by  Col.  Isaac  N.  Shambaugh  of  DeKalb 
county.  And  although  having  far  short  of  a  lawful  quorum,  an  act  of  secession  was  for- 
mally passed  by  this  body  and  members  elected  to  the  confederate  congress  at  Richmond. 


358  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

that  the  bales,  or  at  least  a  considerable  number  of  them,  were  wetted,  and 
also  that  they  were  the  immediate  cause  of  the  white  flag  being  raised  by 
Maj.  Becker  on  the  Federal  earthworks,  for  their  most  formidable  and 
overwhelming  approach  was  in^front  and  to  the  right  and  left  of  his  com- 
mand. 

Pollard  in  his  history,  "The  Lost  Cause,"  p.  165  says:  "Gen.  Price 
caused  a  number  of  hemp  bales  to  be  transported  to  the  river  heights,  "etc. 

Bevierin  his  history,  "  The  Confederate  First  and  Second  Missouri  Brig- 
ades," p.  306,  says:  "  After  much  consultation,  Gen.  Harris  hit  upon  a 
happy  plan.     *         *     A  large  quantity  of  hemp  bales,"  etc. 

Edwards  in  his  history  entitled,  "Shelby  and  His  Men,"  p.  44,  says: 
"  Col.  Thomas  Hinkle,  of  Wellington,  claimed  the  hemp  bale  idea." 

A  letter  from  Col.  Wingo,  dated  at  Salem,  Dent  county,  Missouri,  July 
25,  1881,  to  this  historian,  says: 

"As  to  the  hemp-bale  strategy,  I  shall  claim  the  honor  of  that  until  a 
better  title  is  presented.  Immediately  after  I  was  wounded,*  when  visited 
by  Gen.  McBride  and  Gov.  Jackson,  I  told  them  both  to  use  the  hemp 
bales,  and  to  suggest  the  use  of  them  to  Gen.  Price.  But  as  some  one 
else  might  have  thought  of  the  same  thing  at  the  same  time,  and  as  the 
ball  that  tore  my  shoulder  to  pieces  knocked  all  the  love  of  military  glory 
out  of  me,  you  have  my  permission  to  give  this  honor  and  glory  to  any 
one  who  claims  it.  E.  T.  Wingo, 

Col.  ist  Regt.  yth  Div.  Mo.  State  Guards,  in  the  late  unpleasantness. 

Capt.  J.  C.  Jamison,  who  commanded  Co.  D  in  Lieut.-Col.  Hull's  bat- 
talion, writes  from  Louisiana,  Missouri,  July  25,  1881:  "  My  impression 
now  is  that  Gen.  Martin  Greene  was  the  originator  of  the  hemp  bale  por- 
table fortification." 

Col.  N.  P.  Minor,  of  same  place  and  date  as  above,  writes:  "  Of  the 
hemp  bale  strategy  I  know  nothing  as  to  the  author;  but  it  was  successful; 
and  as  Gen.  Price  was  full  of  hard  horse  sense,  I  presume  he  originated  it." 

And  now  comes  another  claimant  with  strong  backing.  Col.  C.  W. 
Bell,  who  was  adjutant  of  Gen.  John  B.  Clark's  third  division,  Missouri 
State  guards  [at  that  time  in  command  of  Col.  Congreve  Jackson]  writes 
us  from  Brunswick,  Missouri,  August  4,  1881:  "The  night  after  the 
arrival  of  Gen.  Price  with  his  forces  at  Lexington,  Col.  M.  G.  Singleton, 
of  Boone  county,  being  then  in  command  of  a  regiment  in  Gen.  Clarke's 
brigade,  informed  me  that  he  had  with  certainty  learned  of  the  ware- 
houses at  Lexington  being  full  of  hemp  bales,  and  this  fact  had  suggested 
to  him  the  advantageous  use  of  the  hemp  bales  as  portable  breastworks  in 
assaulting  the  fortifications  of  the  enemy.  At  the  request  of  Col.  Singleton 
I  that  night  gave  his  suggestions  and  plan  for  using  the  hemp  bales  to 

*Col.  Wingo  was  in  Gen.  J.  H.  McBride's  brigade,  and  was  shot  through  the  shoulder 
in  the  first  day's  tight  or  preliminary  skirmish,  Sept.  12th,  on  the  southeastern  outskirts  of 
Lexington  City,  near  trie  Macpelah  cemetery.  This  was  about  seven  days  before  any 
hemp  bales  were  actually  used. — Historian. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  359 

Gen.  Price,  who  readily  saw  the  value  of  the  suggestions,  and  that  night 
issued  orders  for  the  collection  and  preparation  of  the  hemp  bales.  This 
was  the  first  suggestion  which  was  made  to  Gen.  Price,  as  he  then 
informed  me.  Severe  illness  of  Col.  S.  prevented  him  from  participating 
in  the  engagement  at  all;  but  his  hemp  bale  portable  strategy,  under  the 
immediate  command  of  the  gallant  Gen.  Harris,  Col.  Rives,  and  other 
brave  and  skillful  officers  and  soldiers,  was  beyond  doubt  of  incalculable 
advantage  in  winning  the  brilliant  victory  of  Lexington.  At  the  solicita- 
tion of  the  friends  of  Col.  Singleton,  and  a  desire  on  my  part  to  vindicate 
the  truth  of  history,  this  communication  has  been  made  to  you.  What- 
ever honor  may  attach  to  the  originating  of  the  hemp  bale  strategy,  that 
honor  is  due  to  Col.  Singleton,  who  in  my  presence  received  the  thanks 
of  that  noble  old  hero,  Gen.  Price,  for  having  made  the  suggestion. 

C.  W.  Bell, 
Former  Adjt.-Gen.  of  Gen.  "jf.  B.  Clarke's  Div.  Mo.  State  Guards. 
In  addition  to  the  above,  we  have  a  letter  written  at  St.  Louis,  August 
24,  1881,  by  Capt.  F.  B.  Fulem  wider,  who  commanded  a  company  in  Col. 
Singleton's  regiment,  and  to  whom  the  letter  is  addressed,  in  which  he 
says:  "  In  reference  to  the  hemp  bale  strategy,  I  will  say  I  have  a  distinct 
remembrance  that  you  told  me  at  the  time  the  fight  at  Lexington  was 
going  on,  that  you  suggested  it  to  Col.  Bell,  and  he  for  you  to  Gen.  Price. 
I  have  no  doubt,  from  my  remembrance  of  all  the  facts  at  the  time  of  the 
fight,  that  you  are  justly  entitled  to  the  honor  of  the  hemp  bale  move- 
ment." 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  Col.  Singleton's  claim  seems  to  be  best  authen- 
ticated, while  Col.  Wingo's,  according  to  the  dates  given,  was  the  first 
hemp-bale  suggestion,  in  point  of  time,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  ever 
reached  Gen.  Price  at  all.  And  the  foregoing  citations  serve  well  to  show 
how  very  difficult  it  is  to  obtain  authentic  and  reliable  information.  A 
good  historian  has  to  be  sheriff",  prosecuting  attorney,  defendant's  counsel, 
judge  and  jury,  all  within  himself,  before  he  can  thoroughly  gather  and 
properly  analyze  the  testimony  and  the  facts,  and  sift  out  the  bottom 
truth  of  the  whole  matter.  And  that  is  what  we  have  done  with  regard 
to  disputed  points  concerning  the  battle  of  Lexington. 

In  Gen.  Harris'  official  report  to  Gen.  Price,  after  the  battle,  he  says: 
"  I  directed  Capt.  Geo.  A.  Turner,  of  my  staff,  to  request  of  you  132 
bales  of  hemp,  which  you  promptly  accorded.  *  *  I  directed  the  bales 
to  be  wet  in  the  river  to  protect  them  against  the  casualties  of  fire  of  our 
troops  and  of  the  enemy.  But  it  was  soon  found  that  the  wetting  so 
materially  increased  the  weight  as  to  prevent  our  men  in  their  exhausted 
condition  from  rolling  it  to  the  crest  of  the  hill;  I  then  adopted  the  idea  of 
wetting  the  hemp  after  it  had  been  transported  to  its  position.  In  the 
arduous  and  extremely  trying  duty  of   transporting  the  hemp,  I  cannot 


360  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

neglect  to  recognize  the  action  and  cordial  co-operation  of  the  commands 
of  Colonels  Rives  and  Hughs,  Majors  Winston  and  Thornton,  Captains 
Mitchell,  Grooms  and  Spratt,  and-  Adjutant  Fleury,  of  Gen'l  Stein's  divi- 
sion, Major  Peaches,  of  Gen.  Clark's  division,  and  Major  Welton,  and 
officers  and  men  of  Gen.  McBride's  division.  *  *  At  8  o'clock  a.m., 
on  the  20th  inst.,  I  ordered  up  additional  hemp  bales  to  extend  the  defences 
at  the  position  occupied  by  Col.  Green  and  Lieut.  Cols.  Hull  and  Brace. 
I  directed  them  to  be  used  as  portable  breastworks,  to  be  pushed  forward 
towards  the  enemy's  lines  in  parallel  approaches.  The  disclosure  of  the 
htmp  defences  or  approaches  as  they  might  be  called,  elicited  the  obsti- 
nate resentment  of  the  enemy,  who  was  profuse  in  his  bestowals  of  round 
and  grape  shot,  and  was  not  at  all  economical  of  his  minnie  balls.  But  our 
men,  gallantly  led  by  their  officers,  continued  to  approach  the  enemy, 
pouring  in  upon  him  a  most  destructive  fire  until  about  2  o'clock,  p.  m., 
when  he  surrendered." 

Col.  Hughes  in  his  official  report  says: 

"  On  the  morning  of  the  19th,  we  rose  from  our  'bivouac'  upon  the 
hills  to  renew  the  attack.  This  day  we  continued  the  fighting  vigorously 
all  day,  holding  possession  of  the  hospital  buildings,  and  throwing  large 
wings  from  both  sides  of  the  house,  built  up  of  bales  of  hemp  saturated 
with  water,  to  keep  them  from  taking  fire.  These  portable  hemp  bales 
were  extended,  like  the  wings  of  a  partridge  net,  so  as  to  cover  and  pro- 
tect several  hundred  men  at  a  time,  and  a  most  terrible  and  galling  and 
deadly  fire  was  kept  up  from  them  upon  the  works  of  the  enemy  by  my 
men.  I  divided  my  forces  into  reliefs  and  kept  some  300  of  them  pour- 
ing in  a  heavy  fire  incessantly  upon  the  enemy,  supplying  the  places  of 
the  weary  with  fresh  troops.  On  the  night  of  the  19th  we  enlarged  and 
advanced  our  defensive  works  very  near  to-  the  enemy's  entrenchments, 
and  at  day  break  opened  upon  their  line  with  most  fatal  effect.  During 
the  night  we  captured  several  of  the  enemy  who  were  seeking  for  water, 
outside  the  fortifications.  Some  thirty  of  the  enemy  were  killed  by  the 
men  under  my  command,  in  their  effort  to  procure  water  at  the  hospital 
well  and  spring  near  by." 

THE  LEXINGTON  BANK'S  WAR  MONEY. 

Upon  the  capture  of  Mulligan  the  coin  and  currency  taken  from  the 
Lexington  bank  were  anxiously  inquired  after.  As  before  stated,  the 
money  had  been  buried  under  Col.  Mulligan's  tent  in  the  fort.  [See 
article  headed  "Federal  Seizure  of  the  Lexington  Bank."]  It  was  resur- 
rected and  every  dollar  of  the  gold  delivered  up  to  Gen.  Price.  Upon  tak- 
ing up  the  currency,  which  had  been  placed  in  tin  boxes  or  cases  and 
sealed,  one  of  the  boxes  designated  as  "No.  3,"  was  found  to  have  been 
cut  open,  "as  if  a  sword,  or  bowie-knife,  or  hatchet  had  been  used,"  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  361 

report  says,  and  $15,000  in  notes  of  the  bank  was  missing.  A  memo- 
randum was  made  of  the  fact,  now  on  file  in  the  bank  of  Wentworth  & 
Morrison.  Upon  representations  of  all  the  facts  in  the  ease  to  Gov.  Jack- 
son and  Gen.  Price  they  ordered  all  the  money,  gold  and  paper,  to  be 
returned  to  the  bank,  but  in  a  few  days  made  a  demand  upon  the  bank 
for  a  portion  of  the  gold  themselves. 

In  the  previous  March  the  legislature  of  Missouri  had  passed  an  act  for 
the  relief  of  certain  banks  of  the  State,  which  was  in  effect  to  allow  of 
their  suspension,  conditioned  upon  their  loaning  to  the  State  on  its  bonds 
a  certain  portion  of  their  funds.  These  bonds  were  to  be  issued  by  the 
treasurer  and  signed  by  the  secretary  of  State  and  the  governor.  At  the 
time  of  the  capture  of  Lexington  the  State  convention  of  Missouri  had 
met  at  Jefferson  City,  deposed  Gov  Jackson,  Lieut.  Gov.  Reynolds,  and 
secretary  Massey,  and  installed  in  their  places,  Hamilton  R.  Gamble,  Wil- 
lard  P.  Hall,  and  Mordecai  Oliver. 

September  30,  ten  days  after  Mulligan's  surrender,  Gov.  Jackson 
addressed  the  following  communication  to  the  officers  of  the  bank: 

Lexington,  Mo.,  Sept.  30,  1861. 
To  the  President  and  Directors  of  the  Farmers'  Bank  at  Lexington: 

Gentlemen: — From  the  inability  of  the  treasurer  of  State  (caused  by 
his  arrest  by  the  troops  of  the  Federal  army  in  this  State)  to  make  the 
proper  demand  of  your  bank  for  the  money  due  by  the  bank  to  the  State, 
I,  Claiborne  F.  Jackson,  governor  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  do  hereby 
demand  of  your  bank  the  amount  of  money  due  by  the  bank  to  the  State, 
for  and  on  account  of  the  State,  and,  if  not  granted,  I  am  prepared  to 
enforce  the  demand. 

[Signed.]  C.  F.  Jackson. 

As  the  money  so  demanded  was  in  gold  amounting  to  $37,377,  and  as 
it  seemed  probable  that  none  of  it  would  ever  be  restored,  the  bank  made 
the  following  protest: 

*  *  *  "To  which  said  demand,  and  the  compliance  of  this  board  there- 
with, this  board  do  here  -protest — as  well  against  the  compliance  there- 
with as  against  the  right  of  the  said  C.  F.Jackson  to  demand  the  same; 
but,  being  satisfied  that  said  demand  will  be  enforced  by  military  power, 
it  is  deemed  advisable  to  comply  with  said  demand.  Thereupon  it  is 
ordered  by  the  board  that  the  cashier  pay  to  said  C.  F.  Jackson  the  sum 
of  $37,377.20,  the  amount  which  the  back  is  required  to  loan  the  State  of 
Missouri,  and  that  he  take  said  Jackson's  receipt  therefor  together  with 
his  agreement  to  furnish  this  bank  the  bonds  of  the  State  of  Missouri 
therefor. 

And  so  the  sum  named,  $37,  377.20,  in  good  gold  dollars,  passed  from 
the  bank  into  Gov.  Jackson's  State  treasury,  and,  of  course,  not  one  dol- 
lar of  it  ever  was  returned.  The  bank  charged  the  amount  up  to 
profit  and  loss  (or  to  patriotism !)  and  so  the  account  stands  to  this  day. 

Afterward  the  Gamble  or  Union  State  government  made  demand  for 
the  like  sum,  which  was  paid  and  bonds  of  the  State  issued  therefor,  pur- 


362  HISTORY    OF     LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

suant  to  the  act  of  March  18,  1861,  and  these  bonds   were   redeemed    at 
their  face  when  due. 

A  report  gained  much  credence  that  the  money  stolen  by  Mulligan's 
men  was  in  gold  coin  amounting  to  many  thousands  of  dollars,  and  that 
it  was  buried  in  a  certain  portion  of  the  fortifications,  and  not  a  dollar 
ever  returned.  This  led  to  many  secret  searches  for  the  hidden  treasure 
by  divers  covetous  and  credulous  persons,  whose  search  and  efforts  were, 
it  is  needless  to  say,  fruitless.  Long  after  the  war  a  man  came  all  the 
way  from  Kentucky  to  dig  for  the  buried  "gold,"  which  he  had  been 
informed  had  been  buried  so  many  feet  from  a  certain  hackberry  tree. 

GEN.    STURGIS'    MARCH    FOR    LEXINGTON. 

Gen.  Fremont  ordered  Gen.  Pope  to  re-inforce  Mulligan  at  Lexington, 
and  Pope  telegraphed  him  from  Palmyra  on  the  16th,  that  he  had  sent 
two  full  regiments  of  infantry,  four  pieces  of  artillery  and  150  cavalry, 
which  would  reach  Lexington  Sept.  18th.  (See  article  headed  "  The  Blue 
Mills  Rencontre.")  Also  that  he  had  sent  forward  two  Ohio  regiments 
which  would  reach  there  on  the  19th;  this  latter  was  Gen.  Sturgis'  com- 
mand. 

Sturgis  was  stationed  at  Macon  City,  on  the  Hannibal  and  St  Joe  rail- 
road, where  he  received  Gen.  Pope's  order  on  Monday,  Sept.  16th,  to  take 
two  regiments  and  march  to  the  relief  of  Lexington.  On  Tuesday  he 
arrived  by  rail  at  Utica,  in  Livingston  county,  about  forty-five  miles  by 
w,agon  road  from  Lexington.  He  had  nine  companies  of  the  27th  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry,  under  Col.  Fuller,  and  five  companies  of  the  39th  Ohio 
— about  eleven  hundred  men  in  all,  but  no  artillery  or  cavalry.  He  had 
considerable  difficulty  in  getting  horses  and  wagons  to  carry  their  camp 
equippage,  ammunition  and  rations,  but  succeeded  in  getting  under  way 
and  camping  ten  miles  south  of  Utica  that  night,  while  he  sent  a  messen- 
ger forward  with  a  note  for  Mulligan  sewed  inside  of  his  coat  lining.  This 
messenger  was  captured  Wednesday  b}'"  bushwhackers,  as  a  suspicious 
character,  and  sent  that  night  to  Gen.  Price,  at  Lexington,  where  he  was 
rigidly  searched,  and  the  note  to  Mulligan  being  found,  he  was  lodged  in 
the  jail.  Thursday  morning  Gen.  Price  issued  orders  to  meet  the  case, 
which  are  explained  by  Gen.  Parsons'  official  report,  wherein  he  says: 

On  the  next  morning,  Thursday,  Sept.  19th,  I  received  your  order  to 
march  with  my  whole  division  to  the  river.  On  arriving  at  the  bank  I 
ascertained  that  it  was  your  desire  that  I  should  cross  the  river  with  a 
force  of  3,000  men  to  repel  the  reinforcements  of  the  enemy  advancing 
from  that  quarter.  After  crossing  over  I  ascertained  that  the  enemy  had 
heard  of  my  approach  and  retired  in  confusion,  leaving  two  hundred  of 
their  tents  upon  the  road." 

Col.  Congreve  Jackson's  official  report  shows  that  his  command,  the  3d 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  363 

division,  also  crossed  the  river  that  morning,  Sept.  19th,  to  "resist  the 
advance  of  reinforcements  for  the  enemy  under  command  of  Gen.  Stur- 
gis." 

Let  us  now  return  to  Gen.  Sturgis.  Wednesday  morning  he  pushed 
on,  and  during  the  day  frequently  heard  the  cannonading  at  Lexington. 
His  men  were  all  new  recruits,  had  never  heard  the  whiz  of  a  hostile  bul- 
let, and  this  was  their  first  march;  the  day  was  extremely  warm,  and  many 
of  them  fagged  out,  so  that  when  night  came  they  had  only  marched 
twenty  miles,  being  now  within  fifteen  miles  of  Lexington,  where  they 
could  plainly  hear  the  roar  of  cannon;  and  at  the  very  moment  when  Stur- 
gis was  fondly  dreaming  that  his  messenger  had  reached  Mulligan  and 
given  good  cheer  to  the  beseiged,  Gen.  Price  was  ripping  open  that  mes- 
senger's coat  and  finding  the  tell-tale  missive  intended  for  his  federal  oppo- 
nent. Thursday  morning  Sturgis'  men  were  roused  up  at  1  o'clock  to 
snatch  their  coffee  and  hard-tack,  and  prepare  to  march.  He  ordered  the 
tents  and  all  dispensible  baggage  to  be  left  at  a  house  on  the  roadside  and 
the  wagons  thus  released  to  be  used  for  carrying  those  who  could  not 
march  and  carry  their  heavy  musket  and  knapsacks,  so  that  the  whole 
command  might  push  on  as  rapidly  as  possible  toward  Lexington.  When 
he  had  got  into  Ray  county  and  within  about  five  miles  of  Lexington,  he 
learned  for  the  first  time  how  matters  stood  there — that  Mulligan  was  sur- 
rounded, his  water  supply  cut  off,  his  boats  all  captured,  and  3000  troops 
thrown  across  the  river  to  intercept  and  capture  these  1,100  raw  reinforce- 
ments. As  soon  as  Sturgis  could  satisfy  himself  that  he  was  correctly 
informed,  at  least  as  to  the  main  facts,  he  immediately  retreated  by  way 
of  Richmond  to  Liberty  Landing,  thence  by  steamboat  to  Fort  Leaven- 
worth. Meanwhile  Gen.  Parsons  re-crossed  the  river  with  his  command 
in  time  to  take  part  in  the  continuous  fighting  kept  up  that  afternoon. 

BATTLE    ITEMS. 

A  careful  reckoning  of  the  killed  and  wounded  mentioned  in  the  official 
reports  of  nine  different  Confederate  officers  gives  a  total  of  38  killed  and 
150  wounded.*  This  is  supposed  to  have  included  only  those  who  were 
enrolled  as  soldiers,  and  whose  absences  were  thus  accounted  for  at  roll- 
call.  The  number  of  killed  and  wounded  among  the  thousands  who  took 
part  in  this  battle  but  were  not  enlisted  soldiers,  can  never  be  ascertained; 
but  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  killed  and  wounded  among  this 
class  were  quite  as  many  as  among  the  enrolled  men. 

On  the  Federal  side,  of  course  they  were  broken  up  and  scattered  so 
that  they  never  had  a  chance  to  made  out  any  roll-call  reports.  Their 
loss  is  given  in  the  histories  at  40  killed,  and  120  wounded,  which  is  prob- 

*  Gen.  Price's  official  report  said  25  killed  and  75  wounded;  but  additional  reports  of  his 
officers  came  in  after  his  report  was  written — and  Mr.  Allen  printed  them  all  at  the  old 
Lexington  Exprets  office. 


364  HISTOR  t    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ably  not  far  from  correct,  as  they  knew  just  how  many  they  had  under 
Mulligan's  command,  and  the  Confederates  kept  a  reckoning  of  the  num- 
ber of  prisoners  paroled.  The  Federal  dead  were  buried  within  their 
earthworks;  but  the  bodies  were  afterward  dug  up  and  removed  to  the 
National  cemetery  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas. 

The  number  of  cannon  employed  on  each  side  has  been  a  question  of 
dispute.  As  nearly  as  we  can  make  out  from  the  various  official  reports, 
the  Confederates  had 

Bledsoe's  battery 4  guns 

Clark's        "        2     " 

Guibor's      "        4    " 

Kelly's  "        4     " 

Kneisby's     "        2     " 

This  gives  a  total  of  16  guns,  and  is  believed  to  be  all  they  had,  although 
some  of  the  Federal  reports  put  the  number  at  twenty. 

On  the  Federal  side  there  were — 

Waldschmidf  s  battery,  with  two  brass  six-pounders,  from  St.  Joseph. 

Adams'1  battery,  with  three  iron  six-pounders;  this  battery  came  with 
Mulligan  from  Jefferson  City. 

Pinter's  battery*  with  two  iron  six-pounders;  one  of  these  had  been 
brought  here  from  the  U.  S.  arsenal  at  Liberty,  by  H.  M.  Bledsoe  and 
Curtis  Wallace.  (See  article  headed  "  The  First  Troops  Raised.")  The 
other  was  one  of  the  two  six-pounders  which  had  been  cast  at  Morrison's 
foundry,  its  companion  piece  being  at  this  time  with  Bledsoe's  battery  on 
the  Confederate  side.  (See  article  headed  "  Lafayette  Men's  First 
Battle.")  Pirner  who  also  had  two  brass  mortars,  for  throwing  6-inch 
spherical  shells.  For  these  he  had  forty  shells,  which  were  soon  disposed 
of,  and  then  the  mortars  were  "  played  out." 

All  the  cannon  balls  they  had  were  what  Lieut.  McNulty,  an  iron 
moulder  who  was  in  Marshall's  cavalry  regiment,  had  made  at  Morri- 
son's foundry .f  The  supply  was  short,  and  the  men  took  pains  every 
day  to  collect  all  the  Confederate  cannon  balls  which  lodged  anywhere 
within  the  earthworks,  and  the  cannoneers  would  shoot  them  back  again, 
for  they  had  plenty  of  powder.  Twenty-eight  Confederate  balls  were 
thus  collected  and  shot  back  during  one  day.  The  artillerymen  made 
their  own  cartridges  by  hand  at  night. 

E.  Winsor,  Esq.,  now  has  in  his  office  a  large,  heavy  iron  safe  which 
stood  in  the  back  part  (north)  of  a  business  house  on  Main  street  during 
the  battle;  and  a  cannon  ball  from  the  Federal  fort  plunged  through  two 
walls  of  the  safe,  although  its  iron  platings  were  f  of  an  inch  thick,  inter- 

*C.  M.  Pirner,  then  and  still  a  resident  of  Lexington — druggist,  and  coal  mine  operator. 

*In  his  speech  at  Detroit,  Nov.  29,  Col.  Mulligan  said:  "The  men  made  cartridges  in 
the  cellar  of  the  college  building,  and  cast  150  rounds  of  shot  for  the  guns  at  the  foundries 
of  Lexington ." 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  365 

bedded  with  asbestos.  And  Mr.  Winsor's  residence  was  struck  with  a 
cannon  ball,  which  passed  through  the  back  door  and  through  the  base- 
ment floor  into  the  ground. 

One  of  Mulligan's  men  wrote  to  a  Chicago  paper:  "  Of  the  ladies  of 
Lexington  it  is  to  be  said  in  their  praise  that  they  did  everything  in  their 
power  to  relieve  the  sufferings  of  our  wounded,  many  of  whom,  who  were 
unabled  to  be  moved,  they  received  into  their  houses."  He  also  writes 
that  Gov.  Jackson  made  a  speech  to  the  prisoners:  "He  said  wre  had  no 
business  in  Missouri;  that  he  would  take  care  of  that  state,  without  our 
assistance,  and  that  we  had  better  go  home  and  mind  our  own  business." 
He  says  Gen.  Price  said  to  them,  "  you  were  the  hardest  troops  to  cap- 
ture I  have  ever  seen."  Indeed,  the  Federal  soldiers  came  to  have  a  great 
admiration  for  "old  Pap  "  Price,  and  his  men  did  also  for  Mulligan.  (See 
under  Events  of  1864. — "  Ladies  Union  Aid  Society.") 

During  the  siege  some  of  the  Confederates  went  into  the  great  beer 
vault  known  as  "  Baehr's  Cave,"  on  Franklin  street,  tapped  some  of  the 
gigantic  casks  or  tanks  of  beer  stored  away  there  in  the  cool  darkness 
under  ground  to  "ripen; "  they  drank  all  they  wanted  and  then  went  out, 
leaving  the  beer  still  running.  But  one  fellow,  who  hadn't  got  enough 
yet,  lingered  behind,  and  probably  got  obliviously  drunk  and  laid  down, 
for  he  was  afterwards  found  lying  in  the  bottom  of  the  vault  with  beer  a 
foot  deep  over  him — drowned  in  the  flood  of  beer. 

POETRY    ON    THE  LEXINGTON  BATTLE. 

A  few  weeks  after  the  battle  of  Lexington  the  New  York  Evening- 
Post,  edited  by  our  great  x\merican  poet,  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant,  contained 
a  literary  effusion  which  we  here  quote : 

"  The  following  lines  were  written  by  a  lady  of  Stockbridge,  Conn., 
and  commemorate  an  incident  very  touching  and  beautiful,  which  rests 
upon  the  best  authority,  and  which  ought  to  be  known.  Col.  Mulligan 
refused  his  parole  at  Lexington,  and  his  wife  resolved  to  share  his  captivity. 
Accordingly  she  left  her  infant,  fourteen  months  old,  in  the  care  of  one  of 
the  strongest  secessionist  women  in  the  town.  That  woman  assumed  the 
charge  of  the  little  child,  and  dressed  it  in  the  captured  American  flag.  (?) 

The  fight  had  ceased!     The  cannon's  roar 

Was  silent  on  Missouri's  shore; 

The  leader  and  his  band  so  brave 

Had  turned  from  walls  they  could  not  save. 

When  voice  was  heard  of  sore  lament, 
A  mother  o'er  her  baby  bent, 
And  fast  the  bitter  tears  were  shed 
That  fell  upon  his  little  head: 

K 


366  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

"Thy  father  yields  his  post  and  sword, 
But  rebels  shall  not  have  his  'word'; 
In  prison  rather  ling'ring  lie, 
Than  yield  the  right  to  fight  and  die. 

"  And  faithful  love  shall  follow  there, 
His  hard  captivity  to  share; 
But  thee,  my  boy!  such  fate  for  thee! 
Like  fettered  cherub  thus  to  be! 

"  To  pine  in  loathesome,  poisoned  air, 
To  dwell  in  dungeon  damp  and  bare, 
Oh !  better  far  for  thee,  my  blest, 
Beneath  the  daisy  turf  to  rest." 

The  words  her  lips  are  scarcely  past 
When  round  her,  arms  are  kindly  cast; 
A  foeman's  wife  with  pitying  face, 
The  mother  and  the  child  embrace. 

With  glowing  cheek,  with  brimming  eyes, 
u  Give  me  thy  son !  "  she  earnest  cries, 
"  And  haste  thee!  for  the  moments  press — 
They  spare  thee  but  a  brief  caress! " 

She's  gone,  and  other  care  shall  shield 
The  all-unconcious,  happy  child; 
Who  laughs  when  glittering  foemen  come, 
And  shouts  at  roll  of  hostile  drum. 

But  still  his  friend  with  instinct  true 
Has  robed  him  in  his  red  and  blue! 
And — mantle  fit ! — has  o'er  him  thrown 
The Jiag  'neath  which  the  boy  was  born! 

— JV.  T.  Evening  Post. 

It  seems  a  pity  to  spoil  so  much  poetry  and  fine  sentiment;  but  the  fact 
is,  that  "  fettered  cherub,  "  "  thee,  my  boy,  "  etc.,  wasn't  a  boy  at  all,  but 
a  nice  little  girl  baby  all  the  time;  and  she  is  now  Miss  Marion  Mulligan, 
of  Chicago,  one  of  the  staff  writers  for  the  Chicago  Times.  Mrs. 
Dr.  Boulware  says  that  "  dressing  it  in  the  captured  American  flag  "  was 
not  true ;  but  Mrs.  Hunter  did  trim  the  child's  dress  so  as  to  show  red, 
white  and  blue  colors.     The  little  girl  was  then  about  two  years  old. 

Col.  Mulligan,  after  his  release,  reorganized  his  regiment  and  was  sent 
east,  where  he  took  part  in  several  battles  or  skirmishes  in  western  and 
northern  Virginia.  July  24th,  1864,  he  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Kernstown,  near  Winchester,  and  died  of  his  wounds  two  days  there- 
after. Mulligan  was  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  June  26th,  1830.  His  wife's 
brother,  Lieut.  James  H.  Nugent,  was  killed  while  carrying  him  off  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  367 

field.     Mrs.  Mulligan  was  presented  with  a  $5,000  house  and  $2,500  in 
money  by  her  husband's  admirers  in  Chicago. 

The  following  is  a  part  of  a  camp-fire  song  which  was  composed  and 
sung  by  the  Federal  soldiers  to  the  tune  of  "Happy  Land  of  Canaan." 

Col.  Mulligan's  brigade 

They  were  never  yet  afraid, 
Fought  at  Lexington  five  days  without  complaining; 

Fed  the  rebels  shell  and  shot, 

Till  they  out  of  water  got, 
Then  surrendered  up  their  happy  land  of  Canaan. 

There's  the  "  Dutch  Company,  " 

Who  are  fighting  for  the  free, 
When  in  battle  every  nerve  they  are  straining; 

When  it  comes  to  run  away, 

They  will  tell  you,  "  nix  fur stay  J '" 
They're  an  honor  to  our  happy  land  of  Canaan. 

We  did  not  find  any  other  poetic  effusions  on  this  battle. 

RECAPTURE  OF  LEXINGTON. — 1861  AND  1864. 

When  Gen.  Price  marched  south  with  his  army  after  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington he  left  a  small  force  to  hold  the  place  and  guard  the  prisoners.  On 
the  morning  of  October  16,  (1861),  a  force  of  220  union  cavalry  called, 
"First  squadron  prairie  scouts,"  under  command  of  Maj.  Frank  J.  White, 
dashed  into  Lexington,  and  held  possession  of  it  thirty-six  hours.  They 
released  Col.  White,  Col.  Grover,  and  twelve  other  wounded  union  pris- 
oners, and  sent  them  on  the  steamboat  "Sioux  City"  to  St.  Louis. 
[Another  account  says  it  was  the  steam  boat  "Florence"  [?.)]  Maj. 
White's  official  report  says:  "We  made  from  sixty  to  seventy  prisoners; 
took  sixty  stand  of  arms,  twenty-five  horses,  two  steam  ferry  boats,  a 
quantity  of  flour  and  provisions,  a  large  rebel  flag,  and  other  articles  of 
less  value.  *  *  After  administering  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  our 
prisoners  we  released  them." 

Some  historical  items  of  capture  were,  Gen.  Price's  ambulance,  Col. 
Mulligan's  saddle,  and  the  old  national  flag  which  belonged  to  the  state 
house  at  Jefferson  City,  but  had  been  taken  to  Lexington  by  Gov.  Jack- 
son. These  troops  then  left  the  place  and  went  to  Warrensburg,  and  the 
confederates  again  took  possession  of  Lexington. 

gen.  price's  raid  in  1864. 

Here  we  copy  from  Edwards  history,  page  419: 

Before  Gen.  Price's  arrival  in  the  vicinity,  [Oct.  1864J  Lexington  had 
been  occupied  by  Capt.  Geo.  S.  Rathbern,  leading  a  large  party  of  officers, 
sent  by  Gen.  Shelby,  from  Sulphur  Rock,  Arkansas,  on  recruiting  service. 
Capt.  Rathbern  took  quiet  possession,  issued  proclamation  assuring  to  the 
citizens,  protection,  and  during  his  administration  of  affairs  used  every  exer- 


368  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

tion  to  quiet  the  people,  and  was  earnest  and  strenuous  in  his  efforts  to 
preserve  life  and  property.  The  advance  of  Lane's  forces  [federal] 
obliged  him  to  retreat,  and  he  rejoined  his  regiment  to  render  as  import- 
ant services  in  the  field  as  he  had  rendered  to  his  fellow  citizens  of  Lafay- 
ette county.  Lexington  held  out  many  fair  hands  and  offered  many  faces 
rarer  than  others  are,  inviting  the  army  to  linger  about  its  hospitable  man- 
sions and  its  garnered  delicacies;  but  a  stronger  power  than  love  of  pleas- 
ure urged  Gen.  Price  forward — it  was  not  physical  but  moral  fear. 

Again,  page  423;  "So  close  were  the  federals  to  the  rear  of  Gen. 
Price's  army  after  it  left  Lexington,  about  12  o'clock  the  day  following 
the  night  of  its  capture,  that  when  some  of  Shelby's  soldiers  crossed  there 
from  the  opposite  side  (absent  on  recruiting  service)  they  were  picked  up 
by  the  advance  of  the  enemy  holding  the  city.  Capt.  W.  Moorman, 
Tyler  Floyd,  and  Ed.  Stafford  fell  into  their  hands  here.  With  Capt. 
Moorman's  party  were  taken  six  other  confederates  who  were  dressed  in 
blue  clothing.  Rosecrans'  general  order  required  their  death,  and  they 
were  taken  out  and  instantly  killed." 

Edwards  says  on  page  418,  previous  to  the  above:  "Gen.  Lane  com- 
ing down  from  Leavenworth,  had  occupied  Lexington  in  force,  with 
every  indication  of  giving  battle."  Gen.  Pleasanton  had  organized  a 
large  force  of  federal  cavalry  to  pursue  Price,  and  in  his  official  report* 
Pleasanton  says:  "I  assumed  the  command  of  this  army,  and  by  forced 
marches  (from  Jefferson  City),  came  to  Lexington  on  the  21st  of  October, 
out  of  which  place  Price  had  driven  Gen.  Curtis'  troops,  under  Gen. 
Blunt,  that  morning.  I  pushed  on  the  next  day  to  the  Little  Blue, 
engaged  Price's  troops,  captured  two  pieces  of  cannon  and  drove  them 
back  to  the  Big  Blue,  through  Independence." 


CONFEDERATE  BATTERIES  AND  OTHER  TROOPS. 

bledsoe's  battery. 

This  was  originally  a  Lafayette  county  organization,  and  therefore  a 
sketch  of  its  history  properly  belongs  in  this  history  of  Lafayette  county, 
The  battery  was  organized  at  Lexington,  about  the  middle  of  June,  18(51. 
in  response  to  Gov.  C.  F.  Jackson's  proclamation  calling  out  50,000  state 
militia.  The  officers  then  were:  Hiram  M.  Bledsoe,  captain;  Curtis 
O.  Wallace,  1st  lieutenant;  Charles  Higgins,  2d  lieutenant;  Frank  S. 
Trigg,  3d  lieutenant.  The  names  of  other  members  of  the  battery  at  this 
time,  we  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain. 

At  first  they  only  had  two  guns;  one  was  "  old  Sacramento,"  the  gun 
which  Col.  Doniphan  had  captured  from  the  Mexicans  at  Sacramento  in 
1846,  originally  a  nine-pounder,  but  now  bored  out  to  a  twelve-pounder. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNT V.  369 

(See  article  headed  "  Lafayette  Men's  First  Battle.")  The  other  one  was 
an  iron  six-pounder,  one  of  the  two  that  had  been  cast  at  Morrison's  foundry. 
A  brass  six-pounder  from  Independence  was  afterwards  added  to  the  bat- 
tery. But  during  the  course  of  the  war  Bledsoe's  battery  lost,  captured, 
exploded  and  wore  out  guns,  so  that  first  and  last  it  had  in  use  every  kind 
of  gun  known  to  modern  artillery  service — howitzers,  parrotts,  Rodmans, 
Napoleons, — brass,  iron,  steel  amalgum ;  rifled  and  smoothe  bores. 

The  battery  was  engaged,  under  its  original  commander,  Capt.  Bledsoe, 
of  Lexington,  in  the  battles  of  Springfield  or  Wilson's  Creek,  Elkhorn, 
Dry  Fork,  Lexington,  Carthage,  Corinth,  Iuka,  Franklin,  Nashville, 
Chicamauga,  Chattanooga,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  Ring- 
gold Gap,  Resaca,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Vicksburg, 
Port  Hudson,  Jackson,  Mississippi;  Atlantic,  Columbia.  Owing  to  the 
uniform  success  and  skill  with  which  this  battery  was  managed,  and  the 
fact  that  it  retained  the  same  name  and  commander  from  the  first  battle  in 
Missouri  to  the  final  close  of  the  war,  there  was  probably  no  artillery  com- 
mand on  either  side,  which  won  so  wide  a  fame  as  "  Bledsoe's  battery." 

The  following  list  of  members  and  casualties  is  all  we  have  been  able 
to  gather  of  men  from  Lafayette  county: 

Captain,  H.  M.  Bledsoe,  of  Lexington. 

1st  Lieut.,  Curtiss  O.  Wallace,  of  Lexington;  resigned  in  1862. 

2d  Lieut.,  Charles  Higgins,  of  Lexington ;  wounded  in  hip  with  grape 
shot  at  Battle  of  Carthage. 

3d  Lieut.,  Frank  S.  Trigg,  of  Lexington;  wounded  at  Pea  Ridge. 

At  Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek  it  had  40  men  engaged.  David  Morris 
was  killed.  Wm.  Young,  of  Lexington,  had  left  arm  shot  off  at  shoulder, 
and  right  hand,  all  except  the  thumb  and  forefinger.  H.  P.  Anderson 
shot  in  face  and  breast.     Horses  nearly  all  killed. 

At  Carthage,  Charles  Wallace,  Lieut.  Higgins  and  Thomas  Bratton 
were  wounded,  besides  eight  others,  names  not  learned.  Seven  of  the  bat- 
tery horses  were  killed. 

At  Dry  Fork  Capt.  Bledsoe  himself  was  severly  wounded,  but  recov- 
ered sufficiently  to  reach  Lexington  and  take  command  of  his  battery  in 
the  last  day's  fight  there. 

J.  S.  Wheatley,  lieutenant,  enlisted,  1831;  wounded  at  Jackson,  Miss., 
July  10,1863;  discharged,  1865. 

Wm.  B.  Steele,  of  Lexington ;  enlisted  in  1861,  and  served  till  the  final 
surrender  in  1865. 

John  Santameyer,  Davis  township. 

Hezekiah  Santameyer,  from  Davis  township. 

Amos  Anson,  from  Davis  township. 

Wm.  Summers,  from  Lexington. 

C.  L.  Bradley,  of  Lexington,  enlisted  in  1861,  and  went  through. 


370  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Arthur  Brown,  from  Mayview. 

Charles  Wallace,  from  Lexington,  went  through. 

F.  S.  Letton,  from  Lexington,  sergeant  all  through. 

Thomas  Young,  from  Lexington,  from  1S61  through. 

Hamilton  Atterberry,  from  Aullville. 

Benj.  Atterberry,  from  Aullville. 

Lee  Boak,  from  Clay  township. 

Charles  Anderson,  from  Aullville. 

J.  R.  Martin,  from  Lexington,  served  all  through. 

Several  years  ago  a  consecutive  sketch  of  the  different  actions  engaged 
in  by  this  battery,  was  written  by  W.  B.  Steel,  Esq.,  for  six  years  past 
the  efficient  and  popular  county  clerk.  From  this  document,  still  in  man- 
uscript, we  copy  a  few  stirring  incidents.  In  September,  1862,  while  the 
confederates  were  marching  south  from  Iuka,  and  being  pursued  and 
annoyed  by  the  federal  cavalry,  the  narrative  says: 

Our  guns  [Bledsoe's  battery],  were  placed  in  line  by  the  side  of  the 
road;  the  2d  Texas  regiment  formed  on  us  and  in  line  between  our  guns; 
the  balance  of  the  brigade  [Gen.  Price's],  were  formed  to  our  right  and 
left,  and  to  our  rear.  Our  cavalry  had  formed  on  a  ridge  some  200  yards 
in  our  rear.  The  enemy  were  seen  forming  in  our  front  about  200  yards 
off;  they  seemed  to  be  observing  our  cavalry,  and  took  no  notice  of 
us.  We  waited  until  about  500  or  600  had  gotten  in  line,  when  we 
opened  with  our  battery  and  that  of  the  2d  Texas;  we  fired  very  rapidly 
for  a  few  minutes,  and  greatly  surprised  the  Texans  by  the  rapidity  with 
which  we  could  fire,  for  we  fired  six  rounds  while  they  only  got  in  two. 
This  had  a  good  effect;  it  stopped  the  enemy  from  any  further  annoyance 
and  caused  our  trains  to  move  up.  See  Gen.  Maury's  report  of  battle  of 
Iuka,  to  Gen.  Price.     Also  Bevier's  "Confederate  Brigades,"  page  135. 

At  the  battle  of  Resaca,  second  day,  the  narrative  says: 
When  the  sun  was  fairly  up,  the  enemy  made  his  appearance,  and  our 
battery  was  the  first  to  welcome  them.  We  had  hardly  fired  the  second 
round  when  the  enemy's  batteries  to  our  left  opened  on  us;  we  at  once 
turned  on  them,  when  suddenly  twenty  or  thirty  rifled  guns  at  long  range 
poured  their  fire  upon  us,  and  it  looked  as  if  the  whole  earth  would  be 
torn  up.  We  kept  up  our  firing  on  those  batteries  that  were  within 
range  until  about  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  when  one  of  the  enemy's  balls  from  a 
rifled  gun  struck  the  right  wheel  of  our  left  gun  about  middle  way,  going 
through  the  tire  and  hub,  which  at  once  dismounted  our  gun  and  she  fell 
to  the  ground;  out  of  nine  cannoneers  seven  were  wounded,  and  but  two 
left  to  mount  the  gun.  It  was  hardly  a  minute,  however,  before  she  was 
remounted  and  again  engaged  with  the  enemy. 

At  the  battle  of  Nashville : 

The  enemy  came  out  above  Nashville  on  our  left,  in  strong  force,  and 
succeeded  in  breaking  our  lines.  Our  division  was  ordered  to  reinforce 
the  left,  but  the  artillery  was  ordered  to  remain  on  the  right  to  defend  that 
part  of  the  line,  should  the  enemy  advance.  While  the  fight  was  pro- 
gressing on  the  left,  and  we  were  on  a  high  elevation  anxiously  gazing  on 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  371 

the  scene,  some  one  called,  "Look,  look,  here  they  come!"  "To  guns, 
"to  guns!"  was  the  order.  We  were  at  once  ready  for  action,  and  Cap- 
tain Bledsoe  gave  orders  to  hold  fire — not  to  fire  until  the  enemy  were 
within  twenty  paces.  Captain  B.  had  his  own  battery,  besides  Capt. 
Goldthwait's  and  Capt.  Beauregard's,  making  twelve  Napoleon  guns. 
Our  guns  were  double  charged  with  canister,  awaiting  the  near  approach 
of  the  enemy.  Soon  we  discovered  a  line  of  battle — colored  troops 
advancing  on  us  through  a  blue  grass  pasture,  and  behind  them  a  line 
of  white  soldiers.  We  held  fire  until  they  were  close,  when  it  seemed 
that  every  gun  was  fired  at  the  same  time,  which  created  great  confusion 
and  panic  with  the  enemy.  We  fired  as  fast  as  we  could;  the  enemy  were 
fleeing  in  the  greatest  disorder;  we  kept  up  the  fire  until  they  were  out  of 
sight.  We  found  the  field  strewn  with  dead  and  wounded  in  our  front; 
one  of  our  men  counted  sixteen  federal  soldiers  touching  each  other,  so 
close  were  the  dead  lying. 

THE    SECOND    MISSOURI    ARTILLERY, 

originally  known  as  "Clarke's";  af  cerward  as  •' King's  "and  toward  the 
close  of  the  war  as  "  Ferris'  Battery,"  consisted  originally  of  four  guns — 
two  six  pounder  field  pieces,  and  two  twelve  pounder  howitzers,  organ- 
ized by  Capt.  Clark,  under  the  authority  of  Gen.  Price,  for  the  Missouri 
State  Guard.  In  December,  1861,  when  the  state  guards  disbanded, 
Clark,  who  held  a  captain's  commission  in  the  confederate  army,  recruited 
a  company  for  "three  years  or  the  war,"  retaining  the  same  guns.  It  was 
then  known  as  "  Clarke's  Battery,"  or  the  "  2nd  Missouri  Artillery,"  and 
■was  attached  to  the  First  Missouri  Brigade.  At  the  battle  of  Elkhorn, 
Capt.  Clarke  was  killed  while  the  battery  was  gallantly  sustaining  a  heavy 
fire  from  the  federal  artillery.  The  officers  and  men  were  favorably  men- 
tioned by  Gen.  Little  in  his  official  report  of  the  battle.  At  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  First  Lieut.  Houston  King,  was  elected  captain  and  the  battery 
was  afterwards  known  as  "Kings  Battery."  It  did  good  service  at  the 
battles  of  Iuka  and  Corinth.  In  1863,  it  was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen. 
Earl  Van  Dorn,  commanding  cavalry  division,  at  Okolona,  Miss.  At  this 
time  the  battery  consisted  of  two  twelve  pounder  howitzers,  confederate 
make,  and  two  three-inch  brass  rifles,  federal  trophies.  Each  carriage 
was  drawn  by  eight  horses  and  the  cannnoneers  were  all  mounted  and 
drilled  to  maneuver  with  cavalry.  At  the  battle  of  Thompson's  Station, 
near  Spring  Hill,  in  Tenn.,  this  battery  was  especially  commended  by 
Gen.  Van  Dorn  in  his  official  report,  the  following  account  of  which  is 
given  by  Capt.  Jo.  A.  Wilson,  who  was  then  sergeant  of  the  company: 

"The  fight  lasted  three  or  four  hours,  a  portion  of  the  time  in  a  blind- 
ing snow  storm.  The  enemy  being  strongly  posted  on  a  wooded  hill, 
repulsed  our  cavalry  several  times,  although  the  attack  was  made  with 
vigor  and  determination.  *  *  *  Just  when  it  seemed  as  if  we  would 
have  to  retire  and  give  up  the  field,  we  heard  the  order,  '  Limber  to  the 
front!'       'Cannoneers  mount!'      'Forward,  gallop,  march!'     Away  we 


372  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

went  up  the  turnpike  through  a  shower  of  balls,  right  at  the  enemy's  line. 
When  within  one  hundred  yards  of  the  enemy,  the  guns  were  rapidly 
unlimbered  and  a  destructive  fire  of  cannister  was  poured  into  the  dense 
mass  of  infantry,  driving  them  back  in  disorder.  The  advantage  gained 
was  quickly  followed  up  and  the  surrender  of  the  entire  force  of  federal 
infantry  was  the  result." 

In  the  federal  account  of  this  engagement,  taken  from  Harper's  Weekly 
of  March  21,  1863,  mention  is  made  particularly  of  the  "  heavy  fire  "  of 
this  battery. 

In  the  fall  of  1803,  twenty  men  and  a  ten  pounder  parrot  gun  from  an 
Arkansas  battery  were  attached  to  this  company.  The  parrot  gun  took 
the  place  ot  one  of  the  howitzers  which  burst  from  overloading  during  a 
fight  with  federal  gun-boats  on  the  Tennessee  river.  Sergeant  Tucker, 
chief  of  this  piece  was  killed  near  Marietta,  Ga.,  June  19,  1864.  From 
this  time  until  the  close  of  the  war,  this  battery  was  in  almost  constant  ser- 
vice, engaged  principally  in  harrassing  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea. 
In  April,  1865,  it  surrendered  to  Gen.  Canby  at  Gainesville,  Alabama.  In 
a  little  less  than  four  years  this  company  had  marched  over  nine  thousand 
miles,  traveled  by  rail  and  steamer  over  twelve  hundred  miles,  took  part 
in  over  sixty  engagements  and  fired  about  fifteen  thousand  rounds  of 
ammunition.  From  first  to  last  it  had  on  its  muster  roll,  about  150  men, 
the  average  number  belonging  being  from  80  to  100.  Following  is  a  list 
of  the  members  who  went  from  this  county,  with  a  record  of  their  present 
place  of  residence  and  occupation  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained: 

Capt.  Houston  King. 

Sergeant  Jo.  A.  Wilson;  banker,  Lexington,  Mo. 

Sergeant  John  C.  Campbell;  died  at  St.  Louis,  1866. 

Sergeant  Andrew  Francisco,  Waverly,  Mo. 

Corporal  B.  F.  Denny. 

Corporal  Henderson  Yokely,  Pulaska,  Tenn. 

PRIVATES. 

Allen  Coleman,  died  at  Waverly,  Mo. 

Robt.  Davis,  Indian  Nation.     . 

Henry  Francisco,  Waverly,  Mo. 

John  Goggins,  Waverly,  Mo. 

J.  W.  James,  Waverly,  Mo.  • 

Thos.  C.  James,  Waverly,  Mo. 

Thos.  J.  Jones,  Waverly,  Mo. 

Van  King,  Waverly,  Mo. 

Aaron  R.  Levering,  died  after  the  war. 

Joseph  D.  Marquis,  died  in  Saline  countv,  Mo. 

James  Rollins,  died  in  Saline  county,  Mo. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  373 

♦ 

Ben  Rollins,  Lexington,  Mo. 
Wesley  Smith,  farmer,  Lexington,  Mo. 
R.  W.  Shockley,  Ray  county,  Mo. 
Andrew  Yokeley,  Lafayette  county,  Mo. 

collins'  battery, 

was  organized  in  April,  1862,  in  Arkansas,  and  was  made  up  largely  of 
Lafayette  county  men.  It  became  the  especial  pet  of  Gen.  Joe  Shelby 
and  his  cavalry  brigade,  and  played  an  important  part  in  some  of  the  most 
dashing  and  brilliant  exploits  of  that  very  remarkable  command.  It  was 
this  battery  which  made  the  celebrated  capture  of  the  federal  iron-clad 
gunboat  £>iieen  City,  and  blew  her  up  at  Clarendon,  Arkansas.  The  bat- 
tery comprised  four  splendid  guns,  nearly  or  quite  all  trophies  of  their 
own  capture;  the  organization  had  87  men,  rank  and  file,  of  whom  21 
were  killed  and  29  wounded.  One  of  its  novel  and  romantic  features  was 
a  pet  black  bear,  which  the  men  kept  with  them  through  many  marches 
and  battles.  It  is  said  that  these  guns  were  first  commanded  by  Joseph 
Bledsoe,  a  brother  of  Hiram  Bledsoe  of  battery  fame;  but  the  only  list  of 
officers  we  found  which  seemed  to  be  authentic,  was,  Capt.  R.  A.  Col- 
lins; Sen.  lst-Lieut.,  J.  D.  Connor;  Jr.  1st  Lt.,  D.  M.  Harris;  Sen.  2d  Lt., 
C.  T.  Smith;  Jr.  2d  Lt.,  J.  E.  Inglehart.  Lieut.  Connor  is  the  present 
county  recorder.  He  made  all  reasonable  effort  to  procure  a  full  list  of 
the  Lafayette  county  men  in  this  command,  but  could  not  obtain  it.  Their 
pet  bear's  name  was  "  Postlewait." 

Charles  Tyler,  Sergt.,  enlisted  in  1861;  transferred  from  1st  Missouri 
artillery  to  this  battery. 

1ST    MISSOURI    LIGHT    BATTERY — C    S.    A. 

The  names  of  the  following  Lafayette  men  appear  upon  the  muster 
roll  of  the  "  1st  Missouri  Light  Battery,  C.  S.  A.:"  Samuel  T.  Ruffner, 
Captain;  John  O.  Lockhart,  1st  Lieutenant;  Benj.  D.  Weedin,  2d  Lieut.; 
Jacob  R.  Hendrix,  5th  Sergt.;  Wm.  C.  Slusher,  5th  Corporal;  David 
Rolston,  7th  Corporal;  Henry  C.  Herr,  8th  Corporal;  Felix  G.  Young, 
Eugene  M.  Ewing,  Jackson  Bradley,  John  W.  Burns,  E.  B.  Crumpt, 
James  Crumpt,  Gabriel  B.  Crumpt,  T.  R.  Crews,  Benj.  F.  Campbell, 
James  F.  Earley,  Charles  B.  Fleming,  Henry  Holkensmith,  B.  M.  Lank- 
ford,  F.  E.  McCormack,  John  F.  McCormack,  Hugh  L.  McElroy,  Quin- 
tius  Masterson,  H.  A.  Morrison,  Wm.  K.  Nichols,.  Bennet  E.  Phillips, 
Archibald  Pool,  Wm.  H.  Roberts,  Nathan  Roberts,  A.  Clay  Roberts, 
Wm.  Roberts,  Wm.  Rankins,  R.  M.  Ramsey,  Horace  E.  Ragland,  James 
Seawell,  C.  C.  Slusher,  A.  B.  Slusher,  D.  A.  Slusher,  James  W.  Small, 
Geo.  H.  Small,  John  T.  Small,  John  W.  Simmons,  Francis  M.  West,  Jos. 
S.  Woods,  Fredrick  A.  Young,  Wm.  C.  Bradley,  Farrier,  and  Wm.  Able. 


37-i  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

This  last  man  was  killed  by  the  enemy  while  on  detached  service  with 
Col.  Brook's  cavalry.  Except  this,  there  are  no  other  cases  of  either 
killing  or  wounding  of  a  Lafayette  county  man  in  this  battery. 

PARTLY  FROM  LEXINGTON. 

A  portion  of  Company  A.,  of  Col.  Bowman's  regiment  of  Missouri 
State  Guards  was  from  Lafayette  county.  They  served  in  Gen.  Wight- 
man's  brigade,  Raines'  Division,  under  Gen.  Price,  and  were  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Carthage,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  and  others. 
Lieut.  Venable,  of  Lexington,  has  furnished  us  the  following  list  of  those 
from  this  county,  and  date  of  death  of  those  now  deceased  as  far  as  known: 
Capt.  Joseph  Moreland  (died  since  the  war),  First  Lieut.  Yandell  Black- 
well  (died  in  Mexico),  Second  Lieut.  George  P.  Venable,  Third  Lieut. 
Charles  H.  Anderson.  The  enlisted  men  are:  John  N.  Edwards,  Charles 
Jones,  Ezekiel  Newman,  William  B.  Hamlett,  William  Shepard,  William 
Barnes,  Paul  Baker,  James  Baker  (died  since  the  war),  Jerry  Bair,  Rich- 
ard Janes,  Bal.  Crump,  A.  Persinger,  Henry  Clawson  (died  in  California), 
John  C.  Campbell  (died  in  St.  Louis,  1866),  A  O.  Persinger,  Burris  Car- 
roll, H.  Rice,  Ike  Persinger,  James  Crump,  Harvey  Persinger,  Hunter 
Ben  Jenkins,  Robert  Hunter  (died  1862),  Col.  John  P.  Bowman,  died 
after  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  and  was  buried  at  Van  Buren,  Arkansas; 
Gen.  Weightman  died  of  wounds  received  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's 
Creek. 

LIST    OF    CAPT.    WITHERS'    COMPANY,    ENROLLED    AS    M.    S.    GUARDS,  ABOUT 

APRIL    1,    1861. 

James  M.  Withers,  captain,  served  six  months. 

Charles  S.  Ewing,  lieutenant,  served  three  months. 

Samuel  Gibbs,  second  lieutenant,  killed  at  Corinth. 

A.  O.  Slaughter,  third  lieutenant,  served  six  months. 

A.  P.  Lankford,  served  two  months. 

Mat  Creasey,  killed  at  Corinth. 

Edd  Blewett,  killed  at  Corinth. 

Bob  Bradley,  killed  at  Vicksburg. 

Thomas  Procter,  killed  at  Missionary  Ridge. 

Daniel  P.  Ingram,  served  the  war. 

William  Smith,  served  three  months. 

Edd  Smith,  served  three  months. 

Wesley  Smith,  served  during  the  war. 

Sam  Humphreys,  last  at  Altona. 

John  Southerland,  Sr.,  died  at  Vanburen. 

Zach  Southerland,  served  three  years. 

Zenith  Redd,  killed  in  Missouri. 

Sam  McMahan,  killed  in  Missouri. 


HISTORY    OF    LAYFAETTE    COUNTY.  375 

John  Varner,  killed  in  Arkansas. 

Al  Robberson,  served  six  months.      ' 

Hop  Robberson.  served  three  months. 

Joseph  Allumbaug,  killed  at  Mark's  Mills. 

Thai.  Osborn,  killed  in  Missouri. 

A.  O.  Whitsith,  served  three  months. 

Milton  Whitsith,  died  at  Marshfield. 

John  Swirsh,  died  at  Wild  Haws,  Arkansas. 

Joseph  Bailey,  served  thirty  days. 

George  Powell,  served  three  months. 

John  Pumphrey,  served  three  months. 

Frank  Hays,  served  three  months. 

Tom  Garrott,  wounded  at  Corinth,  served  the  war. 

David  Nance,  wounded  at  Corinth,  served  the  war. 

Peter  Burton,  killed  at  Lamar,  Mo. 

Lafayette  Burton,  served  six  months. 

Edd  Fleming,  served  three  months. 

Arthur  Fleming,  served  three  months. 

Thomas  Mullins,  served  during  war. 

Issac  Mullins,  served  six  months. 

David  Storm,  served  during  the  war. 

Jonas  Ragdale,  died  in  Mississippi. 

Charles  Smith,  served  six  months. 

Tesley  Smith,  served  six  months. 

Joseph  Emison,  served  nine  months. 

Fan  Harlow,  served  three  months. 

Berthan  Clarkson,  served  two  years. 

W.  N.  Thorp,  served  during  the  war. 

John  Perry,  served  during  the  war. 

Pat  Marshall,  wounded  at  Vicksburg. 

Weed  Marshall,  wounded  at  Vicksburg. 

Philip  Slaughton,  served  during  the  war. 

Edd  Boring,  died  at  Tupalo. 

Isaac  Bledsoe,  killed  at  Lone  Jack. 

Joseph  Fickle,  served  in  Missouri. 

Tom  Cochran,  served  during  the  war. 

Alvin  Whitsith,  served  three  months,  went  to  the  enemy. 

Arch  Letton,  served  three  months. 

Leander  Maxwell,  served  three  months. 

George  Wilcochs,  served  during  the  war. 

Larence  Wilcochs,  served  during  the  war. 

Thomas  Wilcochs,  served  during  the  war. 

Dick  Hainline,  served  three  months. 


376  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNT  Y. 

James  Starkes,  served  during  the  war. 

Ben  Adams,  served  two  years.  < 

Thomas  Gibbs,  served  during  the  war. 

John  Holman,  served  two  years. 

James  Robbert,  served  during  the  war. 

James  Sanford,  served  six  months. 

Roland  Hughes,  served  during  the  war. 

Phelix  Graves,  served  during  the  war. 

Thomas  Tibbs,  served  three  weeks,  and  then  went  to  the  enemy. 

CONFEDERATE    SOLDIERS'    RECORD. 

The  great  majority  of  these  personal  records  of  soldier  life  were  made 
one  at  a  time,  from  all  parts  of  the  county,  through  a  period  of  four 
months;  and  it  has  been  impossible  to  arrange  them  in  systematic  order 
by  regiments  and  companies.  We  print  each  record  just  as  it  was  fur- 
nished by  the  man  himself  or  some  friend  for  him.  There  were  so  many 
of  "Shelby's  Men"  that  we  have  kept  them  in  a  body  together  as  well  as 
we  could;  also  Col.  Gordon's  cavalry;  the  rest  had  to  be  thrown  together 
haphazard,  in  order  as  received. 

shelby's  men. 

y.  W.  Bledsoe,  Shelby's  command,  enlisted  in  1863.  Engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Mark's  Mills,  Camden,  Little  Rock,  Westport,  Newtonia,  Ft. 
Scott,  etc.,  of  Price's  last  raid.     Discharged  1865. 

B.  Corder,  Shelby's  command,  enlisted  August,  1862,  as  sergeant, 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Coon's  Creek,  and  in  all  the  battles  of  the  com- 
mand to  the  end  of  the  war.     Discharged  in  1865. 

Bush  Hinson,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1862.  In  battles 
of  Carthage  and  Wilson's  Creek,  and  was  killed,  August,  1862,  near  Cal- 
houn, in  Henry  county,  Missouri,  by  federal  soldiers  stationed  there. 

E.  B.  Starke,  private ;  enlisted  in  Shelby's  command,  1864,  and  engaged 
in  all  the  battles  of  Price's  raid — Lexington,  Westport,  etc.  Discharged 
in  June,  1865. 

W.  T.  Starke,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1862.  At  Lex- 
ington, Pea  Ridge,  Wilson's  Creek,  Newtonia,  and  all  the  battles  of  the 
command. 

C.  H.  P.  Catron,  corporal,  afterward  lieutenant,  Shelby's  command; 
enlisted  June.  1862.  In  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lexing- 
ton, Coon  Creek,  Springfield,  Hartville,  Cape  Girardeau,  Little  Rock, 
etc.,  and  in  all  the  battles  of  Price's  final  raid.     Discharged  in  1865. 

C.  W.  Cove,  corporal,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  August,  1862. 
In  the  battles  of  Coon  Creek,  Newtonia,  Prairie  Grove,  etc.  He  was  lost 
between  Van  Buren  and  Clarksville,  Arkansas — supposed  to  have  died  of 
yellow  fever. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  377 

Thomas  McCormack,  private  in  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1861. 
In  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Prairie  Grove,  Cape  Girardeau,  Lexington,  etc. 
Wounded  at  Cape  Girardeau.     Discharged  in  1863. 

B.  F.  Wood,  second  lieutenant,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1862.  In 
battles  of  Rock  Creek,  Lexington,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  Cape  Girar- 
deau, Helena,  Little  Rock,  Marshall,  etc.     Discharged  in  1864. 

Geo.  A.  Campbell,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  August,  1862. 
Was  in  the  battles  of  Columbus,  Prairie  Grove,  Gaines'  Landing,  Osage, 
Mine  Creek,  and  Newtonia,  where  he  was  wounded  and  captured,  1864; 
and  discharged  at  close  of  the  war. 

Sterling  Powers,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  the  fall  of  1862. 
Battles:  Ft.  Scott,  Newtonia,  and  all  the  battles  of  the  Last  Raid.  Dis- 
charged in  1865. 

yames  P.  Proctor,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1862.  Battles: 
Newtonia,  Oak  Grove,  Cape  Girardeau,  etc.  Was  taken  prisoner  while 
sick,  near  Lexington,  and  confined  sixteen  months.  Paid  $100  to  Gov. 
King  for  his  release,  as  did  others. 

yohn  F.  Eagan,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1862.  Was  in 
the  battles  of  Lone  Jack,  Cane  Hill,  Little  Rock,  Prairie  Grove,  Cape 
Girardeau,  Helena,  Marshall,  etc.  Captured  near  Chapel  Hill,  but 
escaped. 

T.  y.  Wilkinson,  captain,  Shelby's  command.  In  all  of  Shelby's  bat- 
tles.    Taken  prisoner  Monte  Vail,  but  escaped  soon  after. 

yoe  Hann,  private,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted  in  1861.  In  the  battles 
of  Lone  Jack,  Newtonia,  Springfield,  and  all  the  battles  of  the  command. 
Discharged  in  1865. 

Alex.  Wilkinson,  commissary  sergeant,  Shelby's  command;  enlisted 
in  August,  1862.  In  all  the  battles  of  the  command,  except  Helena  and 
Cape  Girardeau.     Discharged  in  1865. 

William  T.  Tracy,  private;  enlisted  in  1862,  in  Gordon's  regiment,  com- 
pany G.  Was  in  nearly  all  of  Shelby's  battles  and  fights,  and  once 
bruised  by  a  spent  ball,  in  Arkansas.  Was  captured  at  home,  in  the  night, 
and  shot  early  the  next  morning,  by  the  soldiers,  five  steps  off;  but  the 
heavy  padding  of  his  coat  saved  his  life — was  only  wounded.  Surren- 
dered in  1865. 

yohn  Tyler,  yr.,  private;  enlised  in  1862,  in  Trent's  company,  Elliott's 
regiment.  Taken  prisoner  at  home,  in  the  fall  of  1862;  kept  eight  weeks, 
and  returned  home. 

H.  T.  Anderson,  private;  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Capt.  Collin's  battery, 
under  Shelby.  Battles:  Pea  Ridge,  Helena,  Cape  Girardeau,  Prairie 
Grove,  Newtonia,  Newport,  etc.     Surrendered  in  1865. 

David  Alumbarg,  private;  enlisted  in  1864,  in  company  G,  Gordon's 
regiment.     In  ten  battles,  and  surrendered  in  1865. 


378  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Edward  W.  Lewis,  private,  enlisted  1861.  Took  part  in  all  the  ope- 
rations of  Shelby's  brigade  in  Missouri  and  Arkansas. 

William  H.  Lewis,  private,  enlisted  1861.  Was  in  most  of  Price's 
battles  and  those  during  Shelby's  raid  in  1863,  and  Prices  raid  in  1864, 
until  his  capture.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Alferd 
Lewis,  his  father,  in  the  fall  of  1864,  and  died  in  December,  1864,  from 
the  measles. 

Thomas.  Porter,  enlisted  in  August,  1862,  in  Shelby's  regiment,  Elli- 
ott's company.  Company  E,  Thorp's.  Was  discharged  June  2,  1865. 
Was  engaged  in  battles  at  Little  Blue  and  West  Port.  Returned  to  this 
county  after  his  discharge. 

Francis  M.  Ramey,  private,  Co.  C,  enlisted  1861,  under  Capt.  Geo. 
P.  Gordon.  Fought  at  Carthage,  Lexincton,  Wilson's  Creek,  and  Pea 
Ridge.     He  died  during  the  battle  at  Pea  Ridge  from  typhoid  fever. 

yohn  S.  Percival,  first  lieutenant  Co.  C,  Shelby's  regiment;  Capt.  Geo. 
P.  Gordon;  enlisted  Aug.  1862.  Fought  at  Coon  Creek,  Newtonia,  under 
Gen.  Cooper;  Prairie  Grove,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  Cape  Girardeau, 
Helena,  and  Bayou  Metre.  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Bayou  Metre, 
by  the  exploding  of  a  shell,  while  commanding  a  company. 

Wm.  Rome,  private,  enlisted  1861,  in  Capt.  Joseph  Barnett's  com- 
pany, under  Col.  Vard  Cockdel.  Engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lexington, 
Independence,  Blue,  West  Port,  and  Newtonia;  was  with  Gen.  Price  and 
Shelby  through  the  war;  surrendered  personally  at  Houston,  Texas,  1865. 

Hon.  yames  W.  Harrison,  first  lieutenant,  enlisted  1864,  in  Co.  C, 
Hunter's  regiment;  also  served  in  Gen.  Jackson's  regiment.  Engaged  in 
the  battles  of  Independence,  Blue,  West  Port,  Dry  wood  and  Newtonia; 
surrendered  at  Shreveport,  being  in  charge  of  the  regiment. 

yohn  E.  Corder,  first  lieutenant,  enlisted  in  Co.  C,  Gordon's  regi- 
ment, August  2,  1862,  aad  participated  in  the  battles  of  Newtonia,  Prairie 
Grove,  Helena,  Prairie  de  Ann,  Little  Rock,  West  Port,  Marshall,  Jenk- 
in's  Ferry,  and  Shelby's  raids. 

yames  O.  Hogan,  private,  enlisted  1861  in  Shelbv's  regiment.  Dis- 
charged 1864;  was  in  the  battles  from  Lexington  down. 

Maurice  G.  yacobs,  private,  enlisted  August  15,  1862,  in  Shelby's 
command,  and  discharged  June  2,  1865.  Was  quarter- master  in  Col.  D. 
A.  Williams'  regiment,  Shelby's  division,  Jackman's  brigade. 

Dr.  y.  B.  Wood,  surgeon,  enlisted  1861,  as  surgeon  of  Shelby's  reg- 
iment. Engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Newtonia,  Prairie  Grove, 
Springfield,  Huntsville,  Helena,  Little  Rock,  Jenkins  Ferry,  and  all  the 
raids  in  Missouri.  Was  slightly  wounded  by  a  shell  at  Hollowood  and 
taken  prisoner;  was  discharged  at  Shreveport,  June,  1865. 

Abner    Ward,    private,    enlisted  Aug.  1862,  under    Gen.  Jo.    Shelby, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  379 

Co.  F,  1st  regiment.     In  1863,  he  left  on  account  of  sickness.     Fought  in 
first  and  second  battles  at  Newtonia,  Cape  Girardeau,  and  Helena. 

Thos.  M.  Elsca,  private,  enlisted /1861,  under  Gen.  Jo.  O.  Shelby. 
Fought  at  Lexington  and  Pea  Ridge.  Was  taken  prisoner  by  the  rebels 
at  the  Cowskin  Prairie,  in  1863,  and  by  the  federals  on  the  Ozark  Prairie 
the  same  year. 

George  Davis,  private,  enlisted  1862,  in  Co.  A,  Shelby's  regiment; 
was  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  where  he  was  wounded  and  died  at  Peach 
Orchard  Gap,  Ark. 

Preston  Atlebery,  enlisted  Aug.  5,  1862,  under  Gen.  Shelby.  Was 
scarcely  in  service  one  year  till  he  died  at  Batesville,  Ark.,  Aug.  10, 1863. 

'Joseph  W.  Buttner,  private,  enlisted  under  Gen.  Shelby,  1861, 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lone  Jack,  Independence,  Blue,  West  Port, 
Newtonia,  Pine  Bluffs;  took  the  oath  at  Shreveport. 

J.  L.  Wiley,  captain  and  major,  enlisted  1861,  in  Shelby's  brigade, 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Prairis  Grove,  Helena,  Springfield,  and  Hoats- 
ville,  was  taken  prisoner  at  Jacksonsport,  Arkansas,  escaped  after  three 
days  imprisonment. 

Perry  Cooper,  private,  enlisted  1861,  in  Collins'  battery,  Boomer's  com- 
pany, Hoy's  regiment,  Shelby's  command;  discharged  May  8,  1865. 
Engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lone  Jack,  Helena,  Cape  Girardeau,  Lexing- 
ton, Independance,  Prairie  Grove,  Newtonia,  and  numerous  skirmishes. 

Geo.  P.  Gordon,  in  1861  was  captain  in  the  state  guards,  in  1862  in 
the  confederate  service,  in  1863  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major,  at 
the  suggestion  of  Shelby,  by  Gen.  Hindman,  and  in  1865  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel,  by  Shelby,  as  division  commandant;  was 
discharged  from  the  state  service  in  December,  1861.  going  into  the  con- 
federate service  the  August  following.  Fought  at  Carthage,  Wilson's 
creek,  Prairie  Grove,  Arkansas,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  Cape  Girardeau, 
Helena,  Bayou  Metre,  Shelby's  raid,  Dardanells,  Neosho,  Greenfield, 
Warsaw,  Tipton,  Marshall,  and  to  the  Arkansas  line,  Price's  raid,  Lex- 
ington, Westport,  Newtonia.  He  surrendered  in  June,  1865,  Shelbv's 
division,  to  Gen.  Frank  Herron. 

Wm.  W.  Shroyer,  private,  enlisted  1861,  in  Percival's  company,  Shelby's 
brigade,  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Lexington,  Prairie 
Grove,  Springfield,  and  Hoatsville,  was  wounded  January,  1862,  at  Harts- 
ville by  a  musket  ball,  which  struck  just  above  the  knee. 

Lieut.  Col.  Benjamin  F.  Gordon,  enlisted  in  the  service  in  1861,  was 
lieutenant  colonel  of  Shelby's  regiment,  afterwards  colonel  of  the  regiment, 
also  commanded  Shelby's  brigade.  Left  the  command  at  Texarkana, 
went  to  Old  Mexico,  in  1865,  and  returned  in  1866.  While  in  the  con- 
federate army  was  in  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Springfield,  Wilson's  creek, 
Pea   Ridge,  Cane  Hill,  Newtonia,  Prairie  Grove,    Little  Rock,  Bavou 


380  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Metre,  Hollman,  Mark's  Mill,  Jenkins  Ferry,  Hartsville,  and  Price's  raid 
to  Westport.     Was  wounded  at  Wilson  Creek. 

W.  Boon,  major,  first  lieutenant,  company  G.,  Col.  Elliott's  regiment, 
Missouri  state  guards,  enlisted  in  June,  1861.  In  1862  enlisted  in  com- 
pany I,  Col.  Shelby's  regiment,  and  was  orderly  sergeant.  In  1863  was 
quartermaster  of  Col.  Elliott's  regiment.  Was  engaged  in  battles  at 
Coon  Creek,  Newtonian  Hartsville,  Springfield,  Pine  Bluff,  Jenken's 
Ferry,  Prairie  du  Anne,  Duvall's  Bluff,  Clarendon,  Helena,  Cape  Girar- 
deau, first  battle  at  Lexington,  Jefferson  City,  Boonville,  Potosi,  Ironton, 
Pilot  Knob,  Chalk  Bluff,  Marshall,'  Sedalia,  Independence,  Blues,  West 
Port,  Mines  Creek,  Fayetteville,  Cain  Hill,  Bayou  Metre,  Stony  Point, 
Carthage,  Old  Jackson,  Fredricktown,  Farmington,  Patterson,  Mt.  Elby, 
Mark's  Mills. 

col.  Gordon's  regiment  of  Missouri  cavalry. 

Dennis  Payne,  private,  company  C,  1862;  fought  in  the  battles  of  Coon 
Creek,  Newtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Springfield,  Cape  Girardeau,  Jefferson  City, 
Marshall,  Helena,  Hartsville,  Batesville,  Neosho,  Duval's  Bluff,  Camden. 
Surrendered  at  Shreveport. 

"jf.  y.  Cooksey,  private,  1864;  fought  at  Lexington,  Blues,  Westport, 
Newtonia,  Marias  de  Cygne.     Never  regularly  discharged. 

Samuel  Biggerstaff,  private,  company  B,  April  14,  1862.  Fought  at 
Newtonia,  and  other  minor  engagements.  Taken  prisoner  at  Fayetteville 
and  held  until  close  of  war.     Discharged  in  spring  of  1865. 

Charles  A.  Graham,  private  Co.  F,  1862.  Battles  of  Cane  Hill, 
Springfield,  Hartsville,  Prairie  Grove,  Cape  Girardeau.  Was  wounded 
and  captured  in  1864,  near  Calhoun,  Henry  county.     Was  paroled. 

Wm.  F  Lay,  private,  Co.  B,  July  1862.  Fought  at  Lexington, 
Coon  Creek,  Prairie  de  Anne,  Mulberry.  Was  captured  twice;  first  at 
Elm  Springs,  in  Sept.  1862;  second  at  Prairie  de  Anne.  Was  paroled, 
July  1864. 

y.  G.  Webb,  private,  Co.  C,  Aug.  1862.  Fought  at  Prairie  Grove, 
Springfield,  Cane  Hill,  Hartsville.  Taken  prisoner  at  Cape  Girardeau, 
and  paroled,  July  3,  1863. 

H.  L.  Corbin,  private,  Co.  C,  enlisted  Oct.  1864.  Fought  at  Westport, 
Cane  Hill.     Discharged,  June  15,  1865. 

B.  F  Peacock,  private,  Co.  F,  enlisted,  June  1862.  Fought  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Lexington.     Discharged,  Sept.  1862. 

W.  H.Dysart,  private,  Co.  B,  enlisted  Aug.  1862.  Fought  in  all  of  the 
battles  in  which  his  command  was  engaged.     Discharged  in  July,  1865. 

N.  T.  Fox,  private,  Co.  B,  enlisted  Sept.  18,  1862.  Fought  at  New- 
tonia  and   several   minor  engagements.      Was   wounded   at   Newtonia, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  381 

through  the  thigh.     Captured,  Oct.  18,  1862,  and  exchanged  in  June  1863. 
Again  captured  and  paroled  in  March,  1864. 

G.  W.  Garr,  private,  Co.  B,  enlisted  July,  1862.  In  battles  of  Carth- 
age, Little  Rock,  Prairie  Grove,  Helena  and  other  skirmishes.  Was 
wounded  at  Helena,  in  the  shoulder;  at  Clarindon,  through  the  right  arm; 
and  at  Westport.     Was  discharged  July,  1865. 

W.  W.  Doak,  private,  Co.  A,  enlisted,  Aug.,  1862.  Fought  at  Lexing- 
ton, Coon  Creek,  Edwina,  Hartsville,  Prairie  Grove,  and  other  skirmishes. 
Was  taken  prisoner  in  Ozark  county  Mo.,  in  1863,  and  held  until  1865. 
Discharged  in  May,  1865. 

B.  F.  Corbin,  private,  Co.  C,  enlisted,  Aug.  18,1862.  Fought  at  Lex- 
ington, Springfield,  Prairie  Grove,  Hartsville,  Helena,  Pine  Bluffs,  Marks 
Mills,  Cape  Girardeau,  Westport.     Discharged,  June  15,  1865. 

J.  A.  yeffries,  private,  Co.  A,  enlisted,  May,  1861.  Fought  at  Car- 
thage, Springfield,  Newtonia,  Marks  Mills,  Helena,  Prairie  de  Anne, 
Little  Rock,  and  others.     Discharged,  April  1865. 

Robert  C.  Carter,  private,  enlisted,  Aug.  1862.  Fought  at  Coon  Creek, 
Newtonia,  Helena  and  others       Discharged,  June,  1865. 

y.  C.  Butler,  first  lieutenant,  Co.  A,  enlisted,  spring  of  1861.  Fought 
at  Lexington,  Springfield,  Prairie  Grove,  Cowskin  Prairie,  Shreveport, 
Helena,  Corinth,  Ballstown  and  others.     Discharged,  May,  1865. 

yohn  E.  McDougall,  lieutenant  Co.  B,  enlisted,  1861.  Fought  at 
Lexington,  Carthage,  Springfield,  Pea  Ridge,  and  all  other  engagements 
participated  in  by  his  company.  Discharged  in  spring  of  1865.  Was  in 
Mexican  war,  under  Doniphan. 

y.  £>.  Plattenburg,  private,  Co.  B,  enlisted,  1861.  Fought  at  Lexing- 
ton, Newtonia,  Springfield,  Oak  Grove,  Hartsville,  Cape  Girardeau,  Hel- 
ena, Little  Rock.     Discharged  in  Spring  of  1865. 

R.  C.  Allison,  private,  Co.  B,  enlisted,  Oct.  19,  1864.  Fought  at  Lex- 
ington, Westport.     Discharged  in  June,  1865. 

Elias  Afters,  Co.  B.  enlisted,  Oct.,  1864.  Fought  at  Independence, 
Westport,  Carthage  and  others.     Discharged,  June  13,  1865. 

Ayers  C.  M.  Bird,  private,  8th  Missouri  Infantry,  1864;  discharged 
1S65. 

D.  L.  Bird,  private,  Gordon's  regiment,  1861;  was  with  the  com- 
mand through  the  war;  discharged  1865. 

Leven  H.  Merrill,  private;  enlisted  1861  in  Gordon's  regiment;  killed 
by  the  mountain  boomers,  in  the  summer  of  1864,  near  Batesville,  Ark. 

I.  N.  Shelley,  private,  company  H,  enlisted  June  17,  1861,  in  Gor- 
don's regiment;  fought  at  Lexington,  Springfield,  Carthage,  Pea  Ridge, 
and  all  other  engagements  of  the  regiment;  was  taken  prisoner  in  Bates 

L 


382  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

county;  taken  to  Johnstown,  paroled,  came  home,  was  exchanged,  enlisted 
again. 

J.  C.  Wood,  private  company  G,  January,  1862;  discharged  May, 
1865.  Fought  at  Pea  Ridge,  Prairie  Grove,  Springfield,  Marks  Mills, 
Lexington,  Helena,  Cape  Girardeau,  Newtonia  and  numerous  other 
engagements. 

W.  S.  Davis,  private  company  B,  August,  1862;  fought  at  Prairie 
Grove,  Helena  and  numerous  skirmishes. 

L.  E.  White,  private  company  B;  enlisted  August,  1862,  discharged 
in  March,  1863;  fought  at  Prairie  Grove,  Springfield,  Hartsville  and  in 
various  skirmishes. 

Isaac  Neal,  private  company  B;  enlisted  August,  1861,  and  dis- 
charged Tune,  1865;  fought  in  the  battles  of  Coon  Creek,  and  on  Price's 
raid. 

Dr.  W.  Webb,  surgeon;  enlisted  August,  1862,  discharged  June, 
1865;  was  at  the  battles  of  Helena,  Girardeau,  Little  Rock,  and  other 
engagements  on  Price's  raid. 

Lucien  M.  Majors,  captain  company  E,  1861,  Col.  Shelby's  regi- 
ment; company  L,  August  18,  1862,  Col.  Elliott's  regiment;  then  in 
company  H,  in  1864.  Fought  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Springfield, 
ISTewtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Coon  Creek,  Hartsville,  Cape  Girardeau,  Jenkins' 
Ferry,  Prairie  Grove,  Prairie  De  Ann,  Duvalls  Bluff,  Pilot  Knob,  Ironton, 
Independence,  Blues,  Westport,  Dry  wood,  and  2d  Newtonia.  At  the  bat- 
tle of  Newtonia  he  was  shot  in  the  left  lung,  and  left  on  the  battlefield, 
and  was  captured,  and  imprisoned  at  St.  Louis. 

Qregpn  Roberts,  private,  enlisted  in  company  G,  12th  Missouri  Cav- 
alrv,  Col.  Hunter,  October,  1861;  was  at  the  battles  of  Independence, 
Blues,  Kansas  City,  Westport,  Newtonia,  and  at  Shreveport  surrendered 
personally. 

col.  Elliott's  regiment  Missouri  cavalry. 

S.  B.  Whiting,  captain  company  C;  enlisted  1861;  fought  at  Car- 
thage, Wilson  Creek,  Dry  wood,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge  and  others;  was 
taken  prisoner  in  1862,  and  held  at  Leavenworth  one  year;  discharged  in 
1865. 

P.  W.  Gum,  orderly  sergeant  company  I;  enlisted  in  1861;  trans- 
ferred to  John'B.  Clarke's  regiment  in  1862;  was  at  Lexington,  "Newto- 
nia, Prairie  Grove,  Jefferson  City,  Westport,  Mine  Creek;  mustered  out 
at  Shreveport,  1865;  taken  prisoner  at  Helena,  July  21,  1864;  held  until 
May,  1865. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Jas.  K.  Norfeet,  private,  enlisted  August,  1862  First  Missouri  brigade 
infantry.     Battles — Drywood,  Fort  Scott,  Springfield,  Helena,  Cane  Hill, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  383 

and  Pleasant  Hill,  where  he  was  captured,  and  in  escaping  was  wounded 
and  disabled  for  a  year. 

E .  T.  Stark,  major,  enlisted  in  1861  in  Taylor's  Co.  M.  S.  G.,;  was  at 
the  battles  of  Lexington,  Springfield,  Iuka,  Cornith,  Vicksburg,  and  Jack- 
son;   Discharged  at  Vicksburg. 

Wash.  Bardsley,  sergeant,  enlisted  in  1861  in  M.  S.  G.,  and  in  March 
1862,  in  Company  A,  Fifth  Missouri  volunteers,  C.  S.  A.;  was  in  the  bat- 
tles Springfield,  Oak  Hill,  Iuka,  Baker's  Creek,  Pt.  Gibson,  and  Vicks- 
burg. Wounded  slightly  several  times  and  captured  at  Vicksburg  and 
exchanged  January  1864,  re-enlisted,  and  surrendered  in  1865. 

Charles  R.  Anderson,  commissary  department,  enlisted  in  1861  in  M.  S. 
G.,  under  Gen.  Green;  was  in  the  battles  Carthage,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lex- 
ington, Corinth,  Baker's  Creek,  Big  Black,  and  Iuka.  Surrendered  in 
1865. 

A.  S.  Gum,  lieutenant,  enlisted  August,  1861,  in  M.  S.  G.;  was  at  bat- 
tles of  Wilson's  Creek,  Lexington.     Captured  May,  1862. 

Thomas  A.   Webb,  captain,  enlisted  in  June  1861,  in  M.  S.  G. 

Noah  P.  Adams,  private,  enlisted  in  August  1861,  in  M.  S.  G.,  and  in 
1862  in  Company  E,  Elliot's  battalion;  in  the  battles  of  Dry  wood,  Lex- 
ington, Lone  Jack,  Lexington  again,  and  Westport.  Captured  in  1864 
and  imprisoned  at  Rock  Island  until  the  war  closed. 

yohn  Perry,  sergeant,  enlisted  in  1861  in  M.  S.  G. ;  at  the  battles  of 
Carthage  and  Wilson's  Creek.  Taken  prisoner  at  Lexington  in  March, 
1862,  sent  to  St.  Louis  and  Alton,  and  exchanged  at  Vicksburg  Septem- 
ber, 1862, 

y.  B.  Carmichacl,  corporal,  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Keith's  company  Ellliot's 
regiment  M.  S.  G;  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lone 
Jack,  etc.  Captured  in  March,  1863,  and  kept  in  Alton  three  months, 
and  afterwards  arrested  at  home  and  held  until  1864. 

y.  A.  y.  McCauley,  private,  enlisted  in  August,  1862,  in  Second  regi- 
ment Missouri  cavalry;  in  the  battles  of  Lone  Jack,  Prairie  Grove,  Sec- 
ond Springfield,  and  many  skirmishes,  etc.     Surrendered  in  1865. 

yohn  S.  Calloway,  second  sergeant,  enlisted  July  3,  1861,  in  Company 
I,  Sixteenth  regiment  Missouri  infantry  of  Price's  division ;  discharged  at 
Shreveport,  Louisiana,  January  10,  1865;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Car- 
thage, Oak  Hill,  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Prairie  Grove,  Pleasant  Hill,  Mans- 
field, Jenkins'  Ferry,  Helena,  Lexington,  and  Dry  wood.  Was  wounded 
at  Pleasant  Hill  in  1863,  by  a  piece  of  shell. 

Captain  W.  A.  Redd,  edjutant,  enlisted  in  April,  1861,  at  Lexington 
in  the  First  Missouri  cavalry  of  State  guards  as  first  lieutenant  of  company 
B,  afterwards  in  the  Third  Missouri  cavalry  Gordon's  regiment;  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Wilson's  Creek,  Lexington,  Cross  Hollow,  Prairie, 
Marksville,  Springfield,  and  Jenkins  Ferry;  was  taken  prisoner  near  Fay- 


384  HISTOR/   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

etteville,  Arkansas,  and  imprisoned  at  Alton,  and  exchanged  in  1862. 
Captured  on  Shelby's  raid,  taken  to  Johnson  Island,  and  held  thirteen 
months,  when  the  war  closed. 

James  Rollins,  private,  enlisted  in  1861  in  Taylor's  company,  Sixth  Mis- 
souri regiment,  and  in  Gordon's  company,  Grove's  regiment;  engaged  in 
the  battles  of  Carthage,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Iuka,  Jackson, 
Yazoo  City,  Thompson  Station,  and  through  the  Georgia  campaign  and 
Forest's  engagement  with  Smith  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 

H.  C.  Francisco,  private,  enlisted  Feb.  11,  1863,  in  Clark's  battery 
Vandorn's  division;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Iuka, 
Vicksburg  Yazoo  City,  Thompson  Station,  with  the  Georgia  campaign, 
and  Forest's  fight  with  Smith  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 

Horace  J.  Galbraith,  captain  and  quarter-master,  enlisted  in  1862  in  G. 
B.  Gordon's  company,  Gordon's  regiment;  was  in  the  fights  of  Newtonia, 
Cape  Girardeau,  Helena,  Bayou  Metre,  and  in  Price's  raids. 

"John  Fitz^patrick,  private,  enlisted  in  October,  1864,  in  Company  C, 
Gordon's  regiment;  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  West  Port, 
and  Newtonia.     Discharged  at  Shreveport  June  1865. 

Uriah  Hawkins,  private,  enlisted  August  2,  1862,  in  Company  C,  Gor- 
don's regiment,  Shelby's  brigade;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Newtonia, 
Neosho,  Coon  Creek,  and  Cane  Hill;  after  the  last  named  battle  was  dis- 
charged and  was  living  in  the  southern  States,  but  suddenly  disappeared 
and  has  never  since  been  heard  of. 

Hugh  Gautier,  private,  enlisted  in  Gen.  Hurt's  State  guard  in  1861 ;  was 
at  the  battle  of  Springfield;  killed  by  the  federal  soldiers  in  the  yearl863. 

Samuel  J.  Andrews,  captain;  enlisted  in  Co.  B.  2d  N.  C.  Cav.  May, 
1861;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancelorsville,  Fleet- 
wood or  Brandy  Station,  where  Jan.  9,  1873,  he  lost  his  right  leg. 

Dr.  S fencer  W.  Brown,  surgeon  of  Shelby's  regiment,  Bledsoe  battery; 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Lexington,  Prairie  Grove,  Indepen- 
dence, Little  Rock,  Marshall,  and  all  of  Shelby's  raids ;  sent  to  prison  by 
false  charges  of  being  colonel  of  the  regiment  from  Marshall,  Mo.,  and 
was  confined  for  three  months  in  St.  Louis  bastile. 

John  W.  Lewis,  private;  enlisted  May,  1861,  in  Co.  C,  Gordon's  regi- 
ment; engaged  in  the  battles  of  Blue  Mills,  Carthage,  Wilson  Creek, 
Prairie  Grove,  Little  Rock,  Helena,  Marshall,  Cape  Girardeau,  Spring- 
field, Marshfield,  Jenkins  Ferry  and  Hartsville;  wounded  Feb.  6,  1863, 
near  Pine  Bluffs  by  a  pistol  shot  and  captured  by  Grove  Young,  of  a 
Missouri  regiment  of  federals;  was  confined  in  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  when 
being  transferred  to  Rock  Island  he  made  his  escape  by  jumping  from  the 
train. 

Ed.  W.  Lewis,  private;  enlisted  1862  in  Co.  A,  Capt.  Percival's  com- 
pany, Gordon's  regiment;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  2d  Springfield,  Harts- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  385 

ville,  Prairie  Grove,  Cane  Hill  and  Neosho;  went  with  a  party  on  a  raid 
near  Cape  Girardeau  and  never  returned ;  supposed  to  have  been  killed 
two  days  before  the  fight  of  Cape  Girardeau. 

W.  D.  Lewe,  corporal;  enlisted  in  the  spring  of  1861  in  Co.  A,  Capt. 
Percival,  Elliott's  regiment  of  state  guards;  served  one  year,  then  enlisted 
in  Groves'  regiment  in  the  regular  service;  was  in  the  fights  of  Carthage, 
Wilson  Creek,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  Iuka,  Port  Gibson  and  Marshall; 
taken  prisoner  at  Port  Gibson  May,  1863,  was  taken  to  Alton,  remained 
one  month  and  was  then  exchanged. 

H.  C.  Corder,  private;  enlisted  in  1861  in  Co.  D,  Capt.  Shendles,  Gor- 
don's regiment;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Cape  Girardeau,  Little  Rock, 
Big  Blue,  Independence,  Shelby's  last  raid  and  West  Port;  was  discharged 
in  Texas  in  June,  1865. 

T.  A.  Groves,  private;  enlisted  in  Co.  A,  1st  Regt.,  Col.  Gates,  Febru- 
ary, 1862,  and  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Prairie  Grove,  Corinth,  Iuka,  Big 
Blue  and  Vicksburg;  received  two  slight  wounds  and  was  taken  prisoner 
at  Vicksburg;  was  discharged  at  Shreveport  in  1865. 

Capt.  Edward  F.  Nicholson  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army  in  1863  in 
Co.  E  as  its  captain,  under  Col.  Rathburn,  Shelby's  division,  and  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Independence,  West  Port,  Newtonia,  Carthage,  Fayette- 
ville,  and  numerous  skirmishes  during  the  war,  and  left  the  army  at  the 
grand  surrender  in  1865. 

W.  H.  Bellamy,  corporal;  enlisted  May,  1861,  in  Percival's  company, 
Groves'  regiment,  Rain's  division;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Carthage, 
Wilson's  Creek,  Newlonia,  Cane  Hill,  Prairie  Grove,  Helena,  Cape  Gir- 
rardeau,  Little  Rock  and  Springfield;  was  wounded  by  a  ball  in  the  leg 
at  Marshall,  Mo.;  returned  from  the  service  in  1863;  taken  .prisoner  in 
Carroll  county  and  carried  to  Macon;  kept  in  prison  one  month,  and  then 
took  the  oath  of  loyalty. 

Caft.  yohn  f.  Gordon  enlisted  in  February,  1862,  in  CockrelPs  brig- 
ade, Col.  Elisha  Gates,  which  was  transferred  at  the  same  time  to  the  east 
Mississippi  department;  was  in  all  the  battles  fought  by  Price  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  Corinth  and  Baker's  Creek;  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Baker's  Creek,  Miss.,  and  captured;  taken  to  Ft.  Delaware,  where  he  died 
from  pneumonia  in  1864. 

G.  W.  Marquis,  private;  under  the  command  of  Gens.  Price  and 
McCullough,  Co.  G;  enlisted  May  17,  1861;  fought  at  Wilson's  Creek, 
Elkhorn,  Corinth,  and  various  other  engagements  of  importance;  was 
wounded  at  Collierviile,  was  shot  in  the  right  side,  the  ball  striking  a  rib 
and  glancing  around  and  coming  out  on  the  left  side;  was  taken  prisoner 
at  Moscow,  Tenn.,  and  brought  to  Alton,  111.,  and  kept  ten  months. 

y.  O.  Lockhart,  first  lieutenant;  Gens.  Homes,  Price,  etc.,  RufFner's 
battery;  enlisted  in  state  guards  in  the  summer  of  1861;  fought  at  Lex- 


386  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ington,  Prairie  Grove,  Jenkins  Ferry,  and  a  number  of  skirmishes,  Little 
Rock,  etc.;  was  wounded  at  Jenkins  Ferry  in  the  arm,  and  was  unfit  for 
service  about  two  months,  and  is  still  somewhat  disabled  from  the  wound; 
was  captured  at  the  same  time,  but  made  his  escape  the  next  day.  Dis- 
charged in  May,  1865. 

A.Edgar  Asbury,  captain,  enlisted  May,  1861,  aide  decamp  to  Brig 
Gen.  J.  H.  McBride,  11  months.  Then  Capt.  Cornell's  Missouri  Cavalry, 
afterwards  assigned  to  clothing  bureau,  Texas.  Fought  at  Oak  Hills, 
Lexington,  Elk  Horn,  Pea  Ridge,  and  several  minor  ones.  Was  in  the 
fight  near  Camden  or  Albany,  Mo.,  in  which  Bill  Anderson  was  killed, 
commanding  confederate  recruits.  Taken  prisoner  on  the  raid  to  Cape 
Girardeau,  and  was  held  prisoner  of  war  thirteen  months  at  Springfield, 
St.  Louis,  Fortress  Monroe,  Fort  Delaware,  Johnson's  Island,  and  Point 
Lookout.     Discharged  June,  1865. 

Joseph  B.  Major,  private,  in  1861,  enlisted  in  State  Guards,  was 
assistant  wagon  boss,  Gen.  Clark's  division.  Re-enlisted  in  '1861,  com- 
pany F,  Gen.  Shelby's  regiment.  Parolled  at  Austin,  1865.  Fought  at 
Carthage,  first  and  second  battles  at  Springfield,  Dry  wood;  first  and 
second  at  Lexington,  Newtonia;  first  and  second,  Hortsville,  Cape  Gir- 
ardeau, Old  Jackson,  Little  Rock,  Duval's  Bluff,  Sursey,  Coon  Creek, 
Cain  Hill,  Brownsville,  Stony  Point,  Clarendon,  Pilot  Knob,  Patterson, 
Jefferson  City,  Boonville,  Independence,  Blues,  West  Port,  and  numerous 
others. 


FEDERAL  SOLDIERS'  RECORD. 
pirner's  battery. 

This  was  the  Lexington  Home  Guard  Battery,  in  charge  of  Capt.  C. 
M.  Pirner,  and  in  what  was  then  called  the  14th  Missouri  Volunteers, 
under  Col.  White.  The  whole  organization  was  broken  up  by  the  result 
of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  was  never  re-organized.  The  battery 
members  were:  C.  M.  Pirner,  commanding;  Henry  Nagel,  Gustavus  Pir- 
ner, John  Quandt,  Clemens  Ruesterer,  Charles  Probst,  and  Jerry  Leame. 
These  last  two  have  since  died.  There  were  two  other  members,  but 
their  names  could  not  be  obtained.  All  of  them  were  wounded  but  two, 
Nagel  and  Ruesterer.  They  were  all  taken  prisoners  and  released  on 
parol  by  Gen.  Price,  but  they  were  not  exchanged  and  released  from  their 
parole  until  some  time  in  1864.  Nevertheless,  Gus  Pirner  and  Charley 
Probst  went  and  enlisted  in  another  battery;  Probst  died  in  Arkansas, 
probably  from  after  effects  of  his  wounds  received  in  the  Lexington  battle; 
Gus  Pirner  lived  through,  and  was  finally  in  Gen.  Sherman's  army.    (See 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  387 

underhead  of  "Battle  Items,"  for  armament  of  this  battery.)  They  had 
two  six-pounder  cannon,  and  two  six-inch  mortars;  these  latter  they  buried 
before  the  surrender,  but  the  confederates  found  them.  Oue  of  these  mor- 
tars was  afterwards  mounted  on  an  ox-cart  and  used  by  "  Dick  Collins, 
Steve  Fell,  Jim  Rudd,  Will  Fell,  Jim  Evans,  and  four  or  five  others," 
under  Joe  Shelby,  in  a  fight  with  Col.  Merrill's  Federal  cavalry,  at 
Waverly.  "  While  firing  the  seventh  shell,  it  exploded  in  the  gun,  and 
mortar  and  ox-cart  went  up  together."  So  says  Edward's  history,  pp.  47, 
48.     What  became  of  the  rest  of  Pirner's  guns  is  not  known. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  men  from  Lafayette  county,  who 
were  with  Capt.  F.  R.  Neet,  under  Col.  White  at  the  battle  of  Lexihgton: 
Capt.  F.  R.  Neet,  1st  Lieutenant;  Neal  Bohanan,  2d  Lieutenant;  C.  M. 
Neet,  (wounded  in  the  fight,)  Michael  Myers,  John  Mullens,  Michael 
Lahey,  and  Quinn  Morton.  The  latter  was  acting  adjutant  of  Col.  White's 
regiment. 

CAPT.     F.    R.     NEET'S     COMPANY    F,    1()TH    REGIMENT     CAVALRY,    MISSOURI 

VOLUNTEERS. 

The  following  is  a  record  of  those  men  in  Capt.  (afterwards  Major) 
Neet's  company,  who  were  from  Lafayette  county: 

John  Abbott,  enlisted  Oct.  2,  1863. 

John  Barry,  enlisted  Aug.  22,  1862. 

Michael  Barry,  enlisted  Aug.  22,  1862. 

Patrick  Ballard,  sergeant,  afterwards  sergeant-major;  enlisted  Aug.  15, 
1862. 

George  Boatman,  enlisted  July  30,  1862;  died  at  Corinth,  1863. 

David  H.  Barnett,  enlisted  Aug.  15,  1862. 

Davis  Campbell,  enlisted  Aug.  22,  1862. 

Lee  A.  Claughten,  enlisted  Aug.  10,  1862. 

John  Clary,  enlisted  Aug.  22,  1 862 ;  transfered  to  the  navy  from  hos- 
pital Dec.  15,  1862. 

James  Clark,  enlisted  August  24,  1862;  died  June  22, 1863,  at  Corinth, 
Miss. 

Henry  V.  Crowder,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

William  Duncan,  enlisted  August  13,  1862. 

Maurice  Divine,  enlisted  July  18,  1862. 

James  Devany;  enlisted  Aug.  20,  1862. 

Philip  Deets,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

Michael  Dolan,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

Luke  Dwyre.  enlisted  August  12,  1862. 

William  P.  Guard,  first  sergeant,  enlisted  August  13,  1862. 

Beauford  P.  Good,  corporal,  enlisted  August  22,  1862. 

Wm.  Funk,  corporal,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 


388  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

William  Evens,  enlisted  August  21,  1862. 

Levi  Hall,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

James  Hall,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

John  Harmon,  enlisted  August  22,  1862. 

Joseph  Jones,  enlisted  August  12,  1862. 

Joseph  Kestersen,  enlisted  August  9,  1862;  transfered  May  1,  1863  to 
veteran  reserve  corps. 

Thomas  Kennard,  enlisted  August  13,  1862. 

Zenos  Kirkpatrick,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

George  King,  sergeant,  enlisted  August  7,  1862. 

Jacgb  Longbrake,  enlisted  August  22,  1862;  killed  by  guerrillas  while 
home  on  sick  furlough. 

Cornelius  McCauliff,  enlisted  August  22,  1862. 

James  Murphy,  enlisted  August  12,  1862. 

Patrick  McCormack,  enlisted  August  13,  1862;  died  Dec.  18,  1865. 

Joseph  McGunnigle,  enlisted  August  22,  1862. 

James  McGarvan,  enlisted  August  22,  1862. 

Patrick  McGuire,  enlisted  August  22,  1862;  discharged  Sept.  13,  1863. 

Peter  McEntyre,  enlisted  Aug.  15,  1862;  transferred  to  veteran  reserve 
corps. 

Joseph  McKean,  enlisted  August  13,  1862;  died  Dec.  29,  1863,  from  an 
accidental  shot  at  Clear  Creek,  Miss. 

Algernal  S.  McKean,  enlisted  July  27,  1862. 

Jesse  S.  McGraw,  enlisted  July  22,  1862;  discharged  Jan.  30,  1863,  on 
surgeon's  certificate. 

John  Nichols,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

Peter  Noisly,  enlisted  August  24,  1862. 

James  Reiley,  enlisted  August  14,  1862;  drowned  on  the  steamer  B.  M. 
Runyan,  which  sunk  July  21,  1864. 

James  Perrine,  sergeant,  enlisted  Aug.  22,  1862. 

Clem  Perrine,  enlisted  August  22,  1 862. 

Asa  Smith,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

Mark  Stewart,  enlisted  July  30,  1862. 

John  Senter,  sergeant,  enlisted  August  9,  1862. 

George  Schofield,  enlisted  August  15,  1862. 

John  Tool,  enlisted  August  13,  1862. 

James  Thompson,  enlisted  August  22,  1862. 

Hiram  Ward,  enlisted  August  22, 1862. 

William  H.  Wheeler,  enlisted  August  15,  1862;  died  at  Corinth,  Miss. 

Alexander  Ward,  enlisted  August  24,  1862. 

Royle  Willis,  sergeant,  enlisted  August  13,  1862. 

Thomas  Wernway,  sergeant,  enlisted  August  11,  1862. 

Christian  Wiedman,  enlisted  August  9,  1862. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  389 

The  muster  and  pay-roll  of  company  A,  of  the  7th  regiment,  enrolled 
Missouri  militia,  from  August  4,  1862,  to  Dec.  10,  1862,  shows  the  follow- 
ing list  of  officers  and  privates  then  in  the  government  service: 

OFFICERS. 

Selathial  H.  Taggart,  Captain;  Elisha  Still  well,  1st  Lieutenant;  Joab 
Worthington,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. — Oscar  V.  Perdeau,  1st.;  Wm.  Murphy,  3rd.;Wm.  Sanders, 
4th;  John  P.  Meyer,  5th;  James  J.  Perdeau,  6th. 

Corporals. — John  R.  Smelsor,  2nd;  F.  W.  Stoosburg,  3rd;  James  B. 
Johnson,  4th;  James  H.  Hickman,  7th;  Uriel  Ferrel,  8th. 

PRIVATES. 

Allison  Bodenhamer,  Henry  Brackman,  Thomas  Boyle,  Henry  H. 
Brown,  Charles  B.  Cecil,  Wm.  C.  Cole,  Wm.  Cain,  James  M.  Chancy, 
Jesse  Davis,  Albert  Farrel,  M.  P.  Finch,  A.  L.  Graves,  Alfred  Hickman, 
Wm.  Hickman,  Patrick  Hughes,  George  Helm,  Wm.  Jones,  Enoch  John- 
son, Harmon  Kingsbury,  Wm.  Lake,  Samuel  H.  Ledford,  Wm.  H.  Mul- 
key,  Benj.  L.  Pointer,  Gilbert  Pointer,  Wm.  Payne,  Peter  H.  Petering, 
Wm.  Petering,  John  B.  Payne,  Wm.  Pardeau,  Wm.  Poole,  Wm.  Simp- 
son, Banes  C.  Shelton,  Jesse  R.  Taggart,  Henry  Uphouse,  Peter  Uphouse, 
Abraham  Vanmeter,  David  Worthington,  George  W.  Williams,  Wm. 
Walkenhaust,  Andrew  J.  Williams,  Benjamin  Williams,  Travis  Williams, 
N.  W.  Alkire. 

OFFICERS    DISCHARGED. 

Mordecai  M.  Gladdish,  1st  lieut. ;  James  E.  Gladdish,  2d  sergeant; 
James  Poole,  1st  corporal;  F.  W.  Stoosberg,  3d  corporal;  Beverly  Whit- 
worth,  5th  corporal;  P.  Y.  Duke,  6th  corporal. 

PRIVATES    DISCHARGED.* 

Harmon  Brand,  Henry  Brand,  Joseph  Cretzmeyer,  Bluford  Gowens, 
Thomas  B.  Hantes,  Charles  Jimes,  John  B.  Jones,  August  Kreissee,  Mil- 
ton, R.  Lillard,  Richmond  Lillard,  Isaac  Maben,  Wm.  Meyer,  Johnson 
Mulkey,  Fletcher  Patrick,  Wm.  Sample,  Benj.  Smelsor,  Henry  W.  Free- 
man, David  Ward,  Joshua  Ward. 

KILLED. 

Caleb  W.  Cole,  private;  drowned  in  the  Missouri,  August  15,  1862. 
Wm.  Haggarty,  private;  killed  at  Wellington,  by  Bushwhackers. 
James  L.  Pointer,  private;  killed  at  Wellington,  by  bushwhackers. 
John  H.  Williams,  private;  killed  at  Wellington,  by  bushwhackers. 


*Honorably  discharged — some  because  they  had  enlisted  in  the  regular  service;  some 
by  reason  of  wounds  or  other  disability,  and  some  because  they  had  been  taken  prisoner 
and  paroled. 


390  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

COMPANY    C. 

Officers. — C  H.  Ehlers,  captain;  J.  W.  Pauling,  1st  lieutenant;  August 
BrockhofF,  2d  lieutenant. 

Sergeants. — Henry  Miller,  orderly;  Wm.  Oelschleger,  2d;  Henry 
Bodenstale,  3d. 

Corporals. — Peter  Meyer,  H.  C.  Meyer,  Henry  Holteamp,  Henry 
Bredshoef. 

PRIVATES. 

Harmon  Ablewell,  J.  B.  Chaney,  Henry  Daukenbrink,  Fred  Dauken- 
brink,  Hereman  Dittmen,  Henry  Diers,  Fred  Duensing,  Fritz  Evarts,  B. 
K.  Irwin,  Adolph  Frerking,  Wm.  Hermbrock,  Joseph  Hartman,  Claus 
Henning,  Henry  Hereman,  Fritz  Haseman,  Henry  Koopman,  Peter  Kron- 
slein,  J.  D.  Kuster,  Henry  Kuhlman,  Chris  Meyer,  Henry  Meine,  Wm. 
Nolte,  F.  A.  Oelschleger,  Philip  Pinkepank,  Henry  Steinkosler,  Wm. 
Schlue,  John  Schultz,  Fritz  Shulte,  Henry  Scharnhorst,  Julius  Vogt, 
C.  H.  Wahrenbroeck,  John  Wellner,  John  Wolters. 

OFFICERS  DISCHARGED.* 

Wm.  Ehlers,  sergeant;  Wm.  Fulker,  corporal. 

PRIVATES    DISCHARGED.* 

Lewis  Burfine,  E.  F.  Dorsey,  John  Eckhoff,  O.  G.  Freerking,  John 
Fuering,  Henry  Gisselman,  Henry  Hemme,  Henry  Sohman,  August 
Myer,  Henry  Meinke,  Herrman  Petering,  Jacob  Piper,  Fritz  Shelp,  Lewis 
Stahl.     Henry  Westerhouse. 

KILLED. 

Henry  Steinbrink,  sergeant;  killed  at  Wellington,  while  scouting. 

COMPANY  D. 

Officers. — John  F.  Ennberg,  Captain ;  Zenophon  Ryland,  First  Lieuten- 
ant; E.  C.  Holmes,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. — Wm.  C.Long,  1st;  Thomas  Adamson,  2d;  Adam  Walk, 
3d;  Robert  McFarland,  4th;  Edward  W.  Carpenter,  5th;  John  W. 
Yeiler,  6th. 

Corporals. — Simeon  B.  Ryland,  1st;  James  H.  Gaston,  2d;  Christian 
Schafermeyer,  3d;  Richard  B.  Vaughan,  4th;  James  McCormack,  5th; 
Andrew  P.  Benson,  6th;  Lewis  Schneider,  7th;  John  Kreihn,  8th. 

Privates. — James  W.  Atkinson,  Robert  W.  Butler,  John  E.  Bascom, 
Chas.  S.  Brandon,  Joseph  T.  Chaney,  Peter  Campbell,  Michael  Dolde, 
H.  K.  Davis,  Charles  T.  Dunn,  William  Etherton,  Herman  Ellis,  John  M. 
Fleming,  Peter  Fulkerson,  Frederick  Gase,  Radford  Hill,  Robert  M.  Hart, 
Geo.  Howard,  Braxton  D.  Homer,Joel  Hart,  John  P.  Herr,  Geo.  W.  Helm, 

♦Honorably  discharged — some  because  they  had  enlisted  in  ihe  regular  service;  some  by 
reason  of  wounds  or  other  disability,  and  some  because  they  had  been  taken  prisoner  Dy  the 
cenfederates  and  paroled. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  391 

Thos.  Harney,  James  Jones,  Miron  Jackson,  William  Kenny,  David  Kirk- 
patrick,  Tigney  Lasaski,  Frederick  Miller,  Henry  McCoskey,  John  F. 
Neill,  John  F.  Noner,  Benj.  Neville,  Frank  Ntville,  Henry  CEchlazger, 
Andrew  Peterson,  Thos.  Perry,  Robert  Puckett,  Mathew  Raymond, 
Chas.  Roberts,  Leonard  Schetzill,  Frank  Sheets,  Ballaser  Studley,  Erastus 
Season,  Wm.  H.  Smith,  Samuel  VanHock,  Joel  E.  Wiles,  John  M.  Wiles, 
Wm.  C.  Wallace,  Frederick  Winkler,  Henry  White,  Henrv  Wilkening, 
Edwin  Yeiler,  Geo.  Yeiler,  B.  B.  Yound. 

Privates  Discharged '.* —John  Meyerer,  Frank  Bokary,  Chas.  Kresdorn, 
Alexander  Mott,  C.  A.  McClure,  Rudolph  Nicholas,  Adam  Ripple,  Henry 
Hinkle,  Conrad  Fisher,  Sanford  C.  Stivers,  Joseph  Eagle,  John  Kirkpat- 
rick. 

The  following  privates  were  killed  while  scouting  near  Greenton,  Aug. 
28,  1862: 

Evans  P.  Phillips,  William  Iddings,  David  W.  King,  Charles  F.  Meyers. 

Capt.  Henry  Neill,  formerly  in  command  of  this  company,  was  pro- 
moted to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  71st  Regt.  E.  M.  M.,  Aug.  20,  1862. 

■Deserted. — Rudolf  Housmer  and  Wesley  Keefer. 

COMPANY    I. 

Officers. — G.  W.  Sumner,  Captain;  Mathias  Reed,  First  Lieutenant; 
Robert  Taylor,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. — Milton  Smith,  1st;  Isaac  Sumners,  2nd;  G.  S.  Kesterson, 
3rd;  James  Hutchinson,  5th. 

Corporals. — W.  T.  Worley,  1st;  S.  P.  Courtney,  2nd;  Robert  Buch- 
anan, 3rd;  James  Star,  5th;  J.  H.  Hitchings,  7th. 

Privates. — James  Buchanan,  Caleb  Cantrell,  James  H.  Crews,  J.  W. 
Casper,  W.  B.  Cobb,  Edward  Evans,  John  Goodrich,  R.  A.  Hampton, 
Hugh  Johnson,  A.  G.  Johnson,  David  McClure,  James  McClure,  W.  W. 
Mulinix,  T.  J.  Powell,  Joseph  Robinet,  P.  M.  Star,  William  Star,  George 
Sumerville,  Peter  Sanders,  William  Sabins,  Willy  Stephens,  E.  M.  Wag- 
ner, Alvin  Whitsitt,  B.  F.  Whitsitt,  Mathew  Wilson,  J.  L.  Anderson,  R. 
T.  Hunter. 

Officers  Discharged^— Y.  E.  Hammond,  4th  Sergt.;  J.  M.  Mahr,  4th 
Corp'l;  C.  G.  Gaston,  6th  Corp'l;  F.  W.  Nance,  8th  Corp'l. 

Privates  Discharged.^ — Heny  Anderson,  Simpson  Ashcraft,  Isaac  Al- 
umbaugh,  J.J.  Barker,  I.  K.  Barker,  William  Barker,  N.  W.  Bullard,  Jas. 
Crews,  W.  H.  Crews,  Benjamin  Crews,  S.  M.  Casper,  John  W.  Delaney, 
Samuel  Davidson,  William  Dutton,  B.  P.  Davidson,  N.  R.  Edelin,  George 

♦Honorably  discharged — Some  because  they  had  enlisted  in  the  regular  service;  some 
because  of  wounds  or  other  disability :  and  some  because  they  had  been  taken  prisoners 
by  the  Confederates  and  paroled. 

fHonorably  discharg:  d — either  on  acccount  of  having  enlisted  in  the  regular  service; 
because  of  wounds  or  other  disability;  or  because  of  having  been  taken  prisoner  by  Con- 
federates and  paroled. 


392  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

W.  Hulse,  J.  E.  Hutchinson,  Daniel  Hamilton,  Jacob  Howser,  John  Ham- 
lin, W.  H.  Kesterson,  L.  D.  Kesterson,  William  King,  Wm.  Lale,  Robert 
Mathews,  Henry  McElwain,  W.  E.  Roberts,  G.  H.  Smith,  G.  K.  Smith, 
W.  A.  Snodgriss,  Josiah  Sims,  Charles  Triplett,  J.  H.  Whitsitt,  Stephen 
W.  Barker. 

Deserted. — S.  A.  Barker,  O.  D.  Hazard. 

Died  or  Killed  in  Action. — J.  W.  Barker,  died  of  smallpox,  Dec.  21, 
1862;  Cornelius  Summers,  killed  in  action  at  Wellington;  Joseph  Whit- 
sitt, killed  in  action  in  Saline  county,  Oct.  11,  1862. 

COL.  NEILL's  REGIMENT  ENROLLED    MISSOURI  MILITIA. 

James  J.  Perdue,  enlisted  1862,  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company,  and 
remained  in  the  service  six  months. 

Charles  Bergman,  private;  enlisted  1861,  in  Capt.  Brune's  company. 
He  was  sickly  most  of  the  time,  and  was  discharged  after  three  months. 

Frederick  Meyer,  private;  enlisted  1862,  in  Capt.  Brune's  company. 
Was  discharged  in  1863,  and  afterwards,  while  belonging  to  the  home 
guards  was  killed  by  the  bushwhackers  in  1864,  in  command  of  Captains 
Todd  and  Pool. 

John  B.  Jones.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  company  B,  enrolled  militia,  Col. 
NeilPs  regiment.  In  1»64  enlisted  in  company  E,  45th  Missouri  volunteer 
infantry.  Was  engaged  in  a  battle  at  Jefferson  City.  Served  in  the 
enrolled  militia  four  months,  and  in  1863  was  called  out  again.  In  1862 
was  wounded  slightly  in  the  left  wrist,  but  not  seriously. 

Oscar  V.  Perdue,  enlisted  first  in  1862  in  the  enrolled  militia,  Capt. 
Taggart's  company,  Col.  Neill's  regiment,  and  in  1864  enlisted  in  com- 
pany D,  45th  Missouri  volunteer  infantry.  Was  discharged  in  1865. 
Was  corporal  of  company  D  and  remained  six  months  in  the  enrolled 
militia,  and  was  called  out  again  in  1863. 

William  H.  Perdue,  enlisted  October,  1862  in  the  enrolled  militia, 
Capt.  Taggart's  company,  Col.  Neill's  regiment.  In  August,  1864, 
enlisted  in  company  D,  45th  Missouri  volunteer  infantry  and  ex-Col.  Switz- 
ler.  Was  discharged  in  1865.  Private,  and  was  engaged  in  a  battle  at 
Jefferson  City. 

E.  M.  Waggoner,  private; 'enlisted  1862,  71st  regiment,  E.  M.  M., 
company  F,  Col.  Neal.     Discharged  in  1863. 

August  Brockman,  corporal;  was  enlisted  in  company  D  under  Col. 
Neill;  was  in  the  fight  with  bushwhackers  at  Wellington;  served  only 
two  months  actively. 

Henry  Deke,  sergeant,  enlisted  1861  in  Capt.  Brune's  company  and 
in  Col.  Neill's  regiment;  served  about  four  months. 

George  Brockman,  private;  enlisted  1864  in  company  D  under  Col. 
Neill;  was  killed  at  Wellington  by  the  bushwhackers. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  393 

C.  H.  Uphause,  private,  enlisted  1862,  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company 
under  Col.  Neill. 

J.  R.  Taggart,  private,  enlisted  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company,  Col 
Neill's  regiment,  afterwards  in  Capt.  Sumner's  company,  same  regiment, 
in  1S63.     Served  twelve  months  and  was  cook  for  the  company. 

Jacob  Worthington,  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army  m  July,  1862,  in 
Capt.  Taggart's  company  in  the  enrolled  militia  under  Col.  Neill  and  was 
2d  lieutenant.     Was  in  the  fight  with  Pool  and  Anderson  at  Wellington. 

Uriah  Farrell,  private,  enlisted  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company  of  enrolled 
militia  in  1862  under  Col.  Neill. 

P.  Whit  worth,  private,  enlisted  in  1862  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company 
under  Col.  Neill. 

Thomas  Welsh,  2d  sergeant,  enlisted  1861,  in  Capt.  Duncan's  company 
Col.  (Neill's  regiment,  afterwards  in  Capt.  S.  D.  Foulk's  companv,  and 
served  as  orderly  sergeant  and  was  discharged  in  1864. 

W.  A.  D.  Myer,  private,  enlisted  in  1862  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company 
under  CoLNeill.     Served  three  months. 

George  K.  Smith,  private,  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army  in  Capt.  Sum- 
ner's company  of  enrolled  militia  under  Col.  Neill;  was  engaged  in  several 
bushwhacking  skirmishes.  Was  detailed  as  enrolling  officer  for  Washing- 
ton and  Sniabar  townships  in  Lafayette  county. 

SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,  MISSOURI    VOLUNTEERS. 

Emil  Ninas,  sergeant  company  D,  enlisted  May,  1861;  transferred  to 
company  E,  September,  1861.  Fought  at  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Perry- 
ville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Chattanooga,  with  Sherman  to  the  sea, 
Franklin,  Nashville;  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  Discharged  September, 
1865. 

FIFTH  INFANTRY,  MISSOURI    VOLUNTEERS. 

Henry  W.  Thieman,  corporal,  company  E,  enlisted  1864;  discharged 
1865.  In  1861  enlisted  in  Col.  Grover's regiment,  "Horse  guards."  Cap- 
tured and  paroled  at  Lexington. 

FIRST  REGIMENT    CAVALRY,  M.  S.  M. 

W.  T.  Worley,  private,  enlisted  in  fall  of  1862;  engaged  in  battles  of 
Jefferson  City,  Big  Blue,  Mines  Creek.     Discharged  June  4,  1865. 

SEVENTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY,  M.  S.  M. 

Moses  Welborn,  private,  company  B,  enlisted  1862;  fought  at  Indepen- 
dence, Blues,  Westport,  Mines  Creek,  Marshall.     Discharged  in  1865. 

Dr.  E.  A.  Taylor,  surgeon,  company  B,  transferred  from  Col.  StiefHe's 
regiment,  company  A,  engaged  in  battle  of  Lexington;  was  captured 
there  and  paroled.  Re-enlisted  in  1862.  Acted  as  hospital  surgeon  until 
discharged  in  1865. 


394  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

W.  F.  Walkenhorst,  private,  company  B,  enlisted  1861;  fought  in  bat- 
tles of  Lexington,  Blues,  Independence,  Westport,  Mines  Creek,  Mar- 
shall.    Discharged  July  9, 1865. 

John  D.  Kuester,  private,  company  B,  enlisted  1862;    discharged  1865. 

Henry  Fiene,  private,  company  B,  enlisted  1862;  fought  at  Jefferson 
City,  California,  Blues,  Westport,  Mines  Creek;  taken  prisoner  in  south- 
western Missouri,  and  escaped.     Mustered  out  1865. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Ben.  H.  Wilson,  captain,  then  major,  enlisted  company  F,  Seventy-first 
regiment,  E.  M.  M. ;    was  in  twenty  or  thirty  skirmishes  with  guerrillas. 

Harman  Brand,  private,  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Capt.  Becker's  company 
under  Col.  Mulligan.  Was  in  the  battle  of  Lexington;  surrendered,  was 
paroled,  and  then  went  home. 

J.  L.  Youngs,  Jr.,  second  lieutenant,  company  K,  Fourteenth  Missouri, 
under  Col.  White,  enlisted  1861;  fought  at  Lexington  with  Mulligan, 
Mines  Creek,  Newtonia,  Blues  and  Independence;  was  taken  prisoner  at 
the  battle  of  Lexington;  paroled  and  sent  south. 

W.  K.  Saunders,  fourth  sergeant,  company  C,  Seventy-first  regiment, 
enrolled  militia,  enlisted  August  16,  1862,  was  in  the  fight  at  Wellington. 

Mordecai  M.  Gladdish,  first  lieutenant,  enlisted  July,  1861,  under  Col. 
White,  U.  S.  V.,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Lexington,  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  paroled  at  the  same  place. 

David  McClure,  private,  enlisted  July,  1863,  first  regiment,  M.  S.  M., 
company  G.  Battles  none;  was  stationed  at  Lexington.  Discharged 
July,  1865; 

Cornelius  Summers,  private,  enlisted  in  1861,  company  I,  first  regiment, 
M.  S.  M.,  killed  at  Wellington,  Missouri. 

Isaac  Summers,  sergeant,  enlisted  in  1861,  company  I,  first  regiment, 
M.  S.  M.     Discharged  1865. 

Fritz  Storberg,  private,  enlisted  in  1861,  company  C,  Twenty-sixth  Mis- 
souri infantry.  Battles,  Springfield,  Marks  Mills,  where  he  was  captured 
and  was  prisoner  for  three  months,  and  exchanged,  re-enlisted  company 
C,  Seventh;  afterwards  consolidated  with  first  M.  S.  M.  Discharged, 
1865. 

August  Brunes,  private,  enlisted  1862,  in  seventh  regiment,  M.  S.  M. 
Died  March,  1862. 

Claus  Halstien,  private,  enlisted  1862,  in  company  K,  Eighth  regiment, 
M.  S.  M.  Battles,  Independence,  Jefferson  City,  Blue  Mills,  Westport, 
Newtonia,  and  discharged  1865. 

W.  H.  Littlejohn,  private,  company  F,  enlisted  1862.  Was  at  Lexing- 
ton, Newtonia,  Pineville,  Fayetteville,  Cassville,  Prairie  de  Anne,  Cove 
Creek,    Little    Rock,  Springfield,  Hartsville,   Clarenden,  Duval's   Bluff, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  395 

Prairie  de  Rone,  Boonville,  Jefferson  City,  Marshall,  Blue  Mills,  Indepen- 
dence, Westport,  Marias  des  Cygne,  Warrensburg,  Batesville.  Wounded 
at  Prairie  de  Rone;  surrendered  at  Lexington. 

Lewis  W.  Wernway,  second  lieutenant,  company  C,  enlisted  1861, 
Graves  regiment,  was  at  Carthage,  Oak  Hills,  Pea  Ridge,  Lexington, 
Corinth  and  others.     Discharged  in  1863. 

Henry  Boderstab,  sergeant,  enlisted  1862,  Capt.  Ebler's  company,  E.  M. 
M.     In  the  service  about  four  months. 

Henry  Wehrs,  corporal,  enlisted  1862,  Seventy-first  regiment,  E.  M.  M. 
Six  months  service. 

Henry  Miller,  orderly  sergeant,  enlisted  August,  1862;  served  four 
months,  Seventy-third  regiment,  E.  M.  M. 

Z.  T.  Alkire,  private,  enlisted  March   1863,  company  B,  Seventh  regi 
ment,  M.  S.  M.     Battles,  Big  Blue,  Little   Rock.  Springfield,  Greenfield, 
and  many  others.     Discharged  1865. 

Geo.  F.  King,  private,  enlisted  August,  1861,  Tenth  Missouri  volunteer 
cavalry.  Battles,  Tuscumbia,  Greentown,  Lexington,  Greenboro,  Meri- 
dian, Selma,  Columbus,  Montgomery,  Baton  Rouge,  Knoxville,  Jackson, 
Corinth,  etc.     Discharged  1865. 

Wm.  Boothman,  private,  enlisted  September,  1861,  in  First  Missouri 
cavalry  volunteers,  and  in  1864,  in  Seventh  Missouri,  M.  S.  M.  Battles, 
Lexington,  Lone  Jack,  Prairie  Grove,  etc.  Captured  twice,  Lexington 
and  Prairie  Grove. 

H.  J.  Utt,  private,  enlisted  in  the  federal  army,  in  company  F,  7th  reg- 
iment Missouri  volunteers  under  Col.  Huston,  Aug.  22,  1861.  Partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Lone  Jack.  Was  discharged  Dec.  1863,  on  sur- 
geon's certificate. 

Lewis  S.  Stout,  enlisted  1862,  in  company  B,  7th  regiment,  M.  S.  M. 
Was  blacksmith  for  the  company,  was  discharged  at  St.  Louis,  in  1865. 

Joseph  Waring,  corporal,  enlisted,  1861,  in  company  D,  7th  regiment, 
M.  S.  M.,  was  discharged  1865.  Engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lexington, 
Independence,  Blue,  Westport,  and  Drywood. 


396  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY 


Township  Histories. 

CLAY  TOWNSHIP. 

Clay  township  was  named  and  defined  on  the  motion  of  W.  Y.  C. 
Ewing,  at  a  session  of  the  county  court  held  November  7,  1825;  and  it  is 
worthy  of  note,  that  although  the  proceedings  of  this  term  fill  eight  pages 
of  the  record  book,  the  name  of  the  county  does  not  once  occur — not  even 
in  the  opening  formula.  It  would  seem  that  they  did  not  exactly  know 
what  county  by  name,  they  did  live  in,  just  then,  so  they  would  not  ven- 
ture to  express  an  opinion  on  the  subject.  The  boundary  of  the  new 
township  (Clay)  was  described  as  follows: 

"Beginning  in  the  middle  of  the  Missouri  river,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
little  Sny-e-bairre,  thence  up  the  said  creek  to  where  it  intersects  the 
range  line  between  ranges  27  and  28 ;  thence  with  said  range  line  to  the 
southern  boundary  of  this  county;  thence  west  with  said  county  line  to 
the  middle  of  range  29;  thence  north  along  the  middle  of  said  range  to 
the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Missouri;  thence  along  and  down 
the  middle  of  said  river  to  the  beginning." 

These  east,  north  and  west  boundary  lines  are  the  same  that  stand  for 
Clay  township  to-day;  and  the  territory  west  of  that,  was  at  the  same 
term   of   court  newly  bounded,    and  still  called   Fort   Osage   township. 

When  Lafayette  county  finally  received  its  present  boundaries,  in  1834, 
the  above  described  west  line  of  Clay  township  became  the  west  line  of 
the  county,  and  over  that  line  is  Jackson  county.  The  erection  of  Clay 
township,  with  the  boundaries  above  described,  covered  all  the  territory 
that  had  been  left  in  this  county  under  the  name  of  Sniabar  township 
when  Fort  Osage  township  was  organized;  and  thus,"  without  making 
any  official  note  or  record  of  the  fact,  Sniabar  township  was  totally  wiped 
out.     (See  history  of  Sniabar  township,  in  another  place.) 

An  election  was  ordered  to  be  held  for  Clay  township,  at  the  house  of 
Robert  A.  Renick,  with  Henry  Renick,  W.  Y.  C.  Ewing  and  John 
Whitsett  as  judges.  A  subsequent  report  shows  that  Bryant  Sanders 
was  elected  constable  at  this  first  election  of  Clay  township,  and  he  was 
sworn  into  office  February  14,  1826.  Also,  February  8,  1826,  it  was 
"ordered  that  Bryant  Sanders  as  captain,  Edwin  F.  Hix  and  James  Hick- 
lin  be  appointed  a  company  of  patrols  in  Clay  township  for  one  year." 

In  1822,  Lina  Helm  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Waterloo,  near  Helm's 
Lake,  named  in  his  honor,  and  built  a  water  mill,  which  was  run  by  the 


HISTORY    OJ  i  ETTE    COUNTY. 

power  of  several  large    springs.     This   was  a   valuable  improvement  at 
that  time,  and  was  resorted  to  by  the  early  settlers  from  quite  a  distance. 

The  first  settlement  in  that  porton  of  Lafayette  county  now  known 
Clav  township,  appears  to  have  been  made  on  or  near  the  present  site  of 
the  town  of  Wellington,  in  1819.  Colonel  Henry  Renick,  William  Ren- 
ick,  Ruth,  widow  of  Samuel  Renick,  and  Young  Ewing,  clerk  of  the  first 
countv  court,  were  the  first  settlers,  all  coming  from  Barren  county,  Ken- 
tucky. Thomas  Hopper  and  two  sons-in-law,  Killion  and  John  Young, 
appeared  at  about  the  same  date,  from  Indiana,  and  Jonathan  Hicklin 
with  thr^e  sons,  James,  Jonathan  and  John,  and  three  sons-in-law,  Reddin 
Crisp,  Dick  Edmonson  and  William  Edmonson,  from  East  Tennes- e -:. 
The  above  mentioned  were  nearly  ail  heads  of  families,  and  opened 
farms.  This  settlement  was  further  increased  in  1820  or  '21  by  the  arri- 
val of  Colonel  William  C.  Ewing,  Gen.  McRay,  John  Wallace,  Baker 
Martin  and  William  Young  and  three  sons — James,  William  and  John. 

Shortlv  afterwards  another  settlement  sprang  into  existence  about  two 
miles  north  of  the  present  site  of  Greenton,  of  which  John  Whitsett,  father 
of  William  Whitsett,  of  Washington  township,  was  the  first  settler,  he 
having  purchased  the  previously  entered  claim  of  one  Michael  Ferrin.  In 
the  course  of  a  vear  or  two  he  was  joined  by  Nicholas  Turner,  Timothy 
Dunn,  Elias  Baker,  William  Hall,  William  and  Elisha  Evans. 

According  to  the  statement  of  Mr.  Jesse  Rankin,  who  was  born  March 
20,  1792,  in  Person  county,  Kentucky,  was  a  soldier  of  1S12,  and  came  to 
Lafavette  county  in  [1835,  where  he  still  resides,  Anselm  Harner,  Elias 
Barker,  William  and  Allen  Jennings,  all  from  Tennessee:  Joseph  Green, 
Isaac  Gann  and  Joseph  White  settled  in  Clay  township  previous  to  1835. 
Dr.  Ward,  from  Kentuckv,  also  settled  there  at  about  the  same  time  and 
was  one  of  the  first  physicians  in  that  section.  The  Rev.  Robert  Sloan, 
who  since  died  in  Cass  countv,  was  among  the  first  school  teachers  there, 
having  taught  in  a  log  school-house  near  the  present  site  of  Greenton. 

A  water  mill  was  erected  and  operated  by  a  Mr.  Cobb,  on  the  Big  Sni. 

WELLINGTON. 

In  1830  a  tan  vard  was  established  by  Hugh  McAfFerty,  and  shortly 
after  a  wood  vard  was  opened  by  Peter  and  Jacob  Wolfe,  on  the  present 
site  of  the  above  named  village,  which  formed  a  nucleus  around  which  a 
flourishing  settlement  grew  up.  It  is  located  on  section  15,  township 
range  2*>.  The  application  for  charter  was  made  by  Jacob  and  Peter 
Wolfe,  Isaac  Bledsoe,  M.  Littleton  and  Catherine  Littleton. 

The  plat  was  filed  for  record  August  23d,  1837,  and  recorded  Septem- 
ber 4th,  of  the  same  vear.  The  first  house  was  built  by  Peter  Wolfe,  and 
he  was  owner  of  the  first  store  in  the  town.     The  first  school-house  was 

M 


398  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

built  in  the  year  1843;  the  present  school-house  was  built  in  the  year  1850. 
The  first  school  was  taught  by  Richard  Hales,  in  the  year  1843;  Dr.  Wm. 
M.  Boran  was  the  first  physician.  The  first  religious  service  was  held  in 
the  Old  Union  church,  which  was  used  by  all  denominations  as  a  place  of 
worship.  Wellington  contains  about  380  inhabitants,  and  its  various  busi- 
ness comprises  five  stores,  one  blacksmith  shop,  one  saddlery  shop,  one 
tin  shop,  one  wagon  and  carpenter  shop,  and  one  commission  merchant. 
The  Missouri  Pacific  Narrow  Gauge  Railroad  is  running  by  this  place, 
and  has  a  good  depot. 

The  building  that  Mr.  Wolfe  erected,  the  first,  has  long  since  been 
destroyed,  and  a  fine  warehouse  was  erected  upon  the  same  site  by  Wm. 
Russell,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  year  1872,  then  owned  by 
Lewis  Day.  Rope  making  was  the  only  manufacture  in  the  early  days. 
Before  the  days  of  railroads  this  town  was  quite  a  grain  depot,  and  did  a 
deal  of  shipping  of  produce  of  all  kinds  by  steamboat,  and  at  the  pres- 
ent time  Mr.  Day  is  handling  considerable  grain,  having  a  large  and 
capacious  warehouse  for  that  purpose.  In  the  town  are  two  church 
houses,  one  owned  by  the  Baptist  denomination,  one  owned  jointly  by  the 
Christian,  M.  E.  South  and  Cumberland  Presbyterian.  Regular  services 
are  held  in  both  churches.  This  little  town  at  one  time  contained  as  many 
as  seven  stores,  and  a  population  of  600,  and  commanded  a  trade  from 
Johnson,  Jackson  and  the  western  part  of  Lafayette  counties.  In  1871 
several  business  houses  were  burned. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South,  of  Wellington,  was  organized 
in  the  year  1850,  with  the  following  members:  Morley  Arnold,  Melissa 
Arnold,  Affiah  Arnold,  Nancy  Cundift,  Thomas  Bryant,  Cornelia  A. 
Corn,  Elizabeth  Crews,  John  A.  Mahan,  Cynthia  M.  Mahan,  Sarah  Bry- 
ant, Susan  Duck,  P.  Ferrell,  Eliza  Ferrell,  George  W.  Ferrell,  Man- 
Lewis,  Barbara  Carr.  A  brick  church  was  built  in  the  year  1853,  at  a 
cost  of  $2,500,  and  dedicated  in  1854,  by  Bishop  John  Early.  The 
ministers  in  charge  have  been  J.  L.  Porter,  P.  O.  Clayton,  Ephraim 
Wagoner,  Wm.  M.  Leftwick,  H.  W.  Webster,  J.  R.  Bennett,  John  R. 
Murphy,  Wallace  Potsman,  Newton  Cordon,  W.  F.  Truslow,  Rev.  Beds- 
worth,  John  Shackleford,  Wm.  Pitts,  Wm.  M.  Bewley,  Preston  Phillips, 
and  L.  W.  Pierce.  The  number  of  present  membership  is  65,  and  with 
the  exception  of  the  time  during  the  war  have  held  services  regular. 

W  ellington  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  was  organized  about  the 
year  1856  by  Elder  W.  W.  Sudduth,  Elders  Thomas  Harbor,  Jno.  Slade, 
and  J.  T.  Marshall.  The  congregation  bought  one-third  interest  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  the  year  1866,  for  which  they  paid  $600. 
The  building  was  built  in  the  year  1840  by  the  M.  E.  church,  south.  The 
present  membership  of  the  congregation  is  about  30  members,  the  church 
is  alive  and  has  held  regular  services  since  its  organization. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  399 

LODGES. 

Wellington  Lodge  of  I.  O.  O.  K,  No.  81,  was  organized  December, 
1855,  and  the  names  of  charter  members  are  Josna  Sterin,  Turner  Wil- 
liamson, Dr.  James  Belt,  John  W.  Matthews,  and  one  other  not  known. 
The  present  officers  are  Benjamin  Martin,  N.  G.;  T.  S.  Lockhart,  V.  G.; 
Francis  Myers,  R.  S.;  J.  A.  Lockhart,  treasurer;  H.  B.  Corse,  P.  G., 
and  the  number  of  members  are  20.  Their  hall  is  a  frame,  of  good  mate- 
rial and  cost  $2,000.  Their  first  building  was  burned  in  1872,  and  was  a 
total  loss,  after  which  thev  had  no  place  to  meet,  but  held  their  charter  for 
two  years  when  they  assumed  work  again  under  the  same  name  and 
charter. 

THE   TOWN    OF   GREENTON. 

Greenton,  situated  on  section  14,  township  49,  range  28,  was  founded 
by  Joseph  Green,  from  whom  it  derived  its  name,  in  about  1835.  A  post- 
office  was  established  in  same  year  with  Mr.  Green  as  postmaster.  He 
also  built  the  first  house.     Finis  Ewing  owned  and  operated  the  first  store. 

The  first  schoolhouse  was  built  in  1858,  size,  20x40,  and  cost  about 
$1,200.     No  further  particulars  with  reference  to  the  school  are  given. 

The  first  physician  who  settled  here  is  reported  to  have  been  Dr.  Bor- 
ing, of  Kentucky,  who  died  at  Wellington. 

A  cemetery  located  on  the  same  section  with  the  town,  was  established 
in  1859,  and  is  still  used  as  such. 

The  business  interests  of  the  town  are  represented  by  one  store  and  one 
blacksmith  shop. 

GREENTON  VALLEY. 

Mrs.  Catharine  B.  Roberts,  daughter  of  James  H.  and  Matilda  Hughes, 
who  was  born  in  Logan  county,  Kentucky,  and  came  to  Lafayette  county 
in  1820,  at  the  age  of  four  years,  furnishes  the  following  information:  The 
original  settlers  in  this  neighborhood  were  James,  Moses,  Joshua  and 
Henry  Campbell,  John  and  Myron  Helms,  William  Jones,  and  James  H. 
Hughes,  the  latter  from  Kentucky.  These  appeared  in  1820  and  located 
on  sections  22  and  28,  township  49,  range  28.  Isam  Manion  and  Athaliah 
Finch  were  the  first  to  be  united  in  marriage,  the  ceremony  being  per- 
formed by  the  Rev.  Finch.  The  first  male  child  born  in  the  settlement 
was  Rowland  Hughes,  son  of  Corbley  and  Jane  Hughes,  born  in  1826. 
The  first  female  child  was  Martha  Hughes,  born  in  same  year,  daughter 
of  James  M.  and  Matilda  Hughes.  The  first  death  was  that  of  John 
Hughes,  who  died  in  1826,  and  was  buried  on  section  22,  a  private 
burying  ground.  Dr.  Buck  was  the  first  regular  physician,  who  prac- 
ticed in  the  neighborhood.  He  died  some  years  ago,  as  is  elsewhere  sta- 
ted.    The  first  religious  services  were  held  at  a  settler's  house,  conducted 


40U  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

by  the  Rev.  John  Warder,  Baptist,  (old  School).  Mr.  Bowman,  who  has 
since  moved  to  Johnson  county,  taught  the  tirst  school  in  1S28,  on  section 
22.  No  further  particulars  in  regard  to  the  schools  given.  The  first 
weaving  is  asserted  to  have  been  done  by  Mrs.  Henry  Campbell.  In 
those  early  days,  as  has  been  stated  with  reference  to  almost  every  "  first 
settlement,"  flouring  mills  were  scarce  and  settlers  were  obliged  to  go 
fifteen,  twenty  and  in  their  case,  thirty  miles  in  order  to  get  corn  and 
wheat  ground.     Indians  w-ere  numerous  but  peaceable. 

Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. — The  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church,  in  Greenton,  was  organized  in  September,  1829,  and  is  situated  in 
the  town  of  Greenton.  The  first  church  building  was  erected  of  brick  in 
1854,  and  is  still  in  use,  at  a  cost  of  $1,100.  It  was  dedicated  in  1854  by 
Rev.  W.  W.  Suddeth.  The  names  of  the  pastors  have  been:  W.  W. 
Suddeth,  John  A.  Prather,  James  a  Dalton,  Mr.  Van  Ausdel,  S.  H.  McEl- 
vain  and  S.  D.  Givens,  the  present  pastor. 

The  number  of  its  members  is  80.  Since  its  organization  the  church 
has  received  over  300  members.  September  12,  1850,  Jacob  Gillespie 
and  wife  deeded  to  Givens,  Masterson  and  others,  as  trustees,  three  acres 
of  land  for  church  purposes,  but  in  1854,  when  another  site  for  the  church 
was  chosen,  the  gift  of  Gillespie  reverted  back. 

The  Methodist  Efisco-pal  Church,  South,  of  Greenton. — Organized  in 
1848 ;  is  situated  on  the  northeast  quarter,  section  14,  township  49,  range  28. 
The  original  members  were  J.  G.  Rush,  £)r.  M.  M.  Robinson,  Mary  J.  Rob- 
inson, Landon  Bates,  Maria  Bates,Wm.  S wink,  Martha  E .  Swink,  Mr.  Egan 
and  wife.  The  first  church  building  was  erected  in  1S51  or  '52,  at  a  cost 
of  $2,500.  Is  built  of  brick  and  is  still  occupied  for  church  purposes  by 
this  congregation  and  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  who  joined  with  the 
Methodists  in  its  erection.  Was  dedicated  in  1859.  The  successjve  pas- 
tors of  this  denomination  were:  Warren  Pitts,  J.  A.  Murphy,  J.  F.  Trus- 
low  and  Thomas  Cobb.  Dr.  M.  M.  Robinson  is  steward.  Present  mem- 
bership about  25.     No  further  particulars  reported. 

The  Greento7i  Baptist  Church  of  yesus  Christ. — Located  on  section  14r 
township  49,  range  28.  Was  organized  September  13,  1866,  by  the  Rev. 
Charles  Whiting  and  about  30  original  members,  principally  from  Lex- 
ington, Mound  Prairie,  Concord  and  Mt.  Zion.  The  first  church  building 
was  a  frame  one,  erected  in  1869,  at  a  cost  of  $3,500.  It  is  still  used  by 
this  congregation.  It  was  dedicated  December  5,  1869,  by  the  Rev.  Lan- 
sing Burrows,  whose  text  was  taken  from  1st  Corinthians,  3d  chapter 
and  the  last  clause  of  the  9th  verse.  The  successive  pastors  are  the 
Revs.  Charles  Whiting,  George  W.  Smith,  W.  L.Robinson  and  Samuel 
Whiting,  the  present  incumbent.  The  present  membership  is  9S.  Since 
the  organization  of  this  church  it  has  received  224  members;  dismissed 
by  letter  81;  excluded  from  fellowship  22  and  lost  by  death  7.     The  pres- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  401 

ent  trustees  are  J.  E.  Shotwell,  D.  J.  Powell  and  George  'D.  Duvall. 
Deacons:  J.  E.  Shotwell,  D.  J.  Powell,  John  S.  Davis  and  John  W. 
Fickle.  John  D.  Duvall  is  clerk.  Services  are  held  the  first  Sunday  in 
each  month. 

Greenton  Grange,  No.  550. — Instituted  by  Lewis  Neal,  August  5, 
1873.  The  charter  members  were:  Martin  Slaughter  and  wife,  R.  A. 
Hill,  Wm.  R.  Beatty,  A.  G.  McNeil,  S.  K.  Beall,  James  A.  Laughlin,  C. 
T.  Ford  and  wife,  G.  D.  Duvall,  James  W.  Hannah,  Joseph  H.  Christy, 
Mrs.  Sarah  Campbell,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lee.  The  first  officers  were :  W. 
R.  Beattv,  master;  R.  A.  Hill,  overseer;  M.  Slaughter,  lecturer;  S.  K. 
Beall,  steward;  A.  G.  McNeil,  assistant  steward;  G.  D.  Duvall,  chaplain; 
J.  A.  Laughlin,  treasurer;  C.  T.  Ford,  secretary;  J.  W.  Hannah,  gate- 
keeper; Mrs.  Slaughter,  ceres;  Mrs.  Ford,  pomona;  Mrs.  Laughlin, 
flora;  Mrs.  Lee,  lady  assistant  steward.  Present  membership,  42;  meet 
in  Greenton  school  house.  Present  officers,  C.  T.  Ford,  master;  J.  H. 
Christy,  secretary.  This  grange  has  had  in  all  about  120  members 
(including  the  charter  members)  since  its  organization. 

NAPOLEON. 

Napoleon  is  situated  in  the  Northwestern  part  of  Lafayette  county, 
twelve  miles  west  of  Lexington  on  the  Missouri  river  and  on  the  line  of 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Narrow  Gauge  railroad.  The  original  plat  was  laid 
out  in  the  year  1836,  by  Wm.  Ish,  Nathaniel  Tucker  and  others.  It  was 
previously  known  as  "  Poston's  Landing. "  Samuels  &  Ish  opened  the 
first  business  house,  followed  by  John  A.  Poston  in  the  dry-goods  and 
grocery  trade.  During  the  money  crisis  in  1837  the  town  was  abandoned. 
Then  in  the  year  1854  Dr.  James  Belt  went  to  the  place  and  found  the 
lines  of  the  town  obliterated.  All  that  remained  of  the  town  was  two 
houses,  one  log  dwelling  partlv  demolished,  and  one  log  store.  Dr.  Belt 
began  to  improve  the  town  and  called  it  Lisbon.  However,  the  Post 
Office  maintained  the  original  name,  Napoleon.  Napoleon  has  a  natural 
landing  on  the  Missouri  river  for  steamboats,  and  more  wheat,  stock  and 
other  merchandise  are  shipped  from  Napoleon  than  any  other  point  on 
the  Narrow  Gauge  Rail  Road  between  Independence  and  Lexington. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  different  branches  of  business  repre- 
sented and  the  number  of  business  houses:  Dry-goods  and  groceries,  1; 
depot,  1;  blacksmiths,  2;  general  merchandise,  1;  physicians,  2;  shoe- 
makers, 2;  undertakers,  1;  hominy  mills,  2:  Justices  of  the  Peace,  1; 
dry-goods  boots  and  shoes,  1. 

Since  the  above  was  written  the  following  additional  information  has 
been  received  from  Dr.  James  Belt,  now  living  in  Freedom  township: 

After  the  panic  in  1837  which  resulted  in  the  depopulation  of  Napoleon, 
the  town  was  again  laid  out  under  the  name  of  Lisbon.     This  was  done 


402  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

in  1856  by  Dr.  Belt,  but  the  Post  Office,  which  was  still  caHed  Napoleon, 
was  not  revived  until  1858,  with  D.  K.  Murphy,  M.  D.,  Postmaster. 
The  first  house  was  built  by  John  R.  Shepherdson  and  the  first  store  was 
owned  and  kept  by  John  S.  Brown. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  1858  at  a  cost  of  $250 — frame  build- 
ing. The  school  numbered  about  twenty  pupils  and  was  first  taught  by 
a  Mr.  Tyler  at  a  salary  of  $20  per  month.  The  firsi  marriage  was  that 
of  George  Hopper  and  Susanna  Simms,  the  ceremony  being  performed 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Love.  Archibald  Shepherdson,  son  of  John  R.  and  Mar- 
garet Shepherdson,  was  the  first  male  child  born  in  the  town — born  March 

1,  1858.     On  the  same  day  and  date, Harrison,  daughter  of  O.  and 

Susan  Harrison,  was  born — the  first  female  child.  The  first  death  to  occur 
Was  that  of  John  Everhart,  who  died  in  October,  1858,  and  was  buried  at 
Green  Chapel.  The  first  regular  physician  was  Dr.  D.  K.  Murphy,  who 
came  from  North  Carolina  and  now  lives  in  Greenton,  Layfayette  county. 
The  first  religious  services  were  held  in  a  ware-house  by  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterians.  S.  M.  Carter,  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  was  the  first 
minister. 

Zion  Church — The  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  Napoleon,  was 
organized  in  1870.  The  original  members  are  John  H.  Eckles,  Frederick 
Kreutz,  John  H.  Gable,  B.  C.  Rabe,  William  Messersmith,  Henry  CEhl- 
sclaeger  and  others.  The  church  was  built  in  1870 — a  frame — at  a  cost 
of  $700,  and  was  dedicated  in  the  same  year  by  the  Rev.  H.  Fiegenbaum. 
The  charge  has  been  presided  over  by  the  Revs.  J.  J.  Eichenberger,  C. 
Mardorf,  Peter  Hener,  J.  Franz,  A.  H.  Asling  and  John  Demand.  The 
present  membership  numbers  29.     Congregation  growing  slowly.     ' 

Evangelical  St.  Paul's  Church,  of  Napoleon,  was  organized  in  1875, 
and  the  following  are  the  names  of  the  original  members:  H.  R.  Ler- 
berg,  Frederick  Daling,  Earnest  Daling,  H.  H.  Wortemeyer,  William 
Westerholt,  Frederick  Leuhrman  and  Michael  Bettin.  The  church  was 
built  about  the  year  1860 — a  frame  building— costing  $1,000  and  was  ded- 
icated in  1875  by  the  Rev.  Fred.  Drewell,  the  Rev.  William  Vehe  offici- 
ating ever  since.     The  number  of  present  membership  is  23. 

In  the  year  1868  John  F.  Roberts  established  a  mill  at  Napoleon,  twelve 
miles  west  of  Lexington  on  the  Narrow  Guage  railroad,  It  is  a  frame 
building  and  has  been  operated  and  owned  by  Mr.' Roberts  ever  since  its 
establishment. 

A  stave  and  heading  factory  with  saw  mill  combined  was  established  by 
Crary  Bros,  in  1876,  in  Napoleon,  twelve  miles  west  of  Lexington  and 
thirty  miles  east  of  Kansas  City  on  the  Narrow  Gauge  railroad.  The 
building  is  a  frame,  70x35,  with  engine  room  containing  engine  of  80 
horse  power,  25x35,  and  a  kiln  connected  built  of  brick.  The  capital 
invested  in  buildings  is  $1,500;  in  machinery,  $8,000;  in  raw  material, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  403 

$5,000.  Total,  $14,500.  Employs  twenty  hands.  The  amount  of  pro- 
ducts the  past  year  was  $20,000,  this  being  its  market,  value,  and  was 
chiefly  sold  in  Kansas  City.  The  mill  also  manufactures  a  large  amount 
of  lumber. 

Ewing  Cemetery  was  located  on  Section  30,  Township  50,  Range  28, 
one-half  acre  of  land  being  donated  by  Mr.  Mosby  Arnold  for  that  pur- 
pose. The  first  burials  in  this  cemetery  were  those  of  Mrs.  Sally  D.  Ewing, 
Col.  Wm.  Y.  C.  Ewing,  Major  Bryant  Sanders,  Richard  Lee,  Mrs. 
Polly  Sanders,  Miss  Nancy  Dunn,  Miss  Kizzie  Renick,  Mr.  Cornelius 
Mabry  and  wife,  Mary  J.  Mabry,  Mrs.  Pamelia  S.  Fishback,  Mrs.  Mar- 
garet M.  More,  the  last  two  being  daughters  of  Col.  Wm.  Y.  C.  Ewing. 

Pleasant  Prairie  Cemetery  was  first  used  for  burial  ground  on  Sept. 
1st,  1879.  The  ground  was  given  by  G.  W.  Grubb,  he  giving  one  acre 
of  land  for  that  purpose  which  is  nicely  laid  oft' in  lots  18  feet  square  and 
nicely  arranged.  The  first  interment  was  Miss  Sadie  Guy,  daughter  of 
Wm.  Guy. 

Pleasant  Prairie  Church — The  Pleasant  Prairie  congregation  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbvterian  church  is  located  in  Sec.  2,  Tp.  49,  Range  29, 
and  is  a  frame  building,  and  was  erected  about  the  close  of  the  war,  it  is 
not  now  known  at  what  cost.  It  was  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  J.  D. 
Murphy,  who  is  also  its  present  pastor.  The  present  number  of  member- 
ship is  eighty.  The  house  was  first  built  in  Jackson  county — but  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  it  was  moved  down  into  this  county,  and  fixed  where  it 
now  is.  They  then  joined  with  the  M.  E.  Church  South  in  building  a 
house,  which  is  now  used  by  them  jointly. 

The  eldf  rs  of  the  congregation  are  T.  A.  Pallett,  W.  P.  Fishback,  R. 
C.  Gillespie,  A.  G.  Campbell,  Solomon  Everhart,  Reuben  Mayberry  and 
Robert  Fishback. 

The  Mount  Zion  (Regular  Baptist)  Church  was  organized  July  27, 
1839,  and  is  situated  in  Clay  Tp.,  Sec.  27,  T.  49,  R.  28.  The  names  of 
the  original  members  were  Thos.  Proctor,  John  C.  Proctor,  Isaac  Whit- 
sett,  Cynthia  Whitsett,  Caleb  Summers,  Henry  Finch,  Elizabeth  Finch, 
Jesse  Roberts,  K.  Roberts,  Joseph  Mathews,  Nancy  Campbell,  Thos. 
Creasey,  Elizabeth  Creasey,  Paschal  A.  Gibbs  and  C.  A.  Gibbs.  The 
church,  a  frame,  was  erected  in  1879  at  a  cost  of  $1,350.  It  was  dedi- 
cated by  the  Rev.  Isaac  Newman.  The  names  of  the  pastors,  succes- 
sively, Elder  John  Warder,  Henry  Bowers,  Hiram  Bowman,  John  Harvey, 
Jno.  Warder,  again,  Joseph  Warder  and  Lucian  B.  Wright,  the  present 
pastor.  There  are  twenty-nine  members  at  present.  It  has  numbered, 
since  its  constitution  as  high  as  one  hundred  members — which,  by  dis- 
missals— letters  and  death,  has  been  reduced  to  the  present  number  of 
twenty-nine.  It  is  now  on  the  increase.  The  building  is  owned  by  the 
Regular  Baptist  one-fourth,  and  the  Missionary  Baptist  three-fourths. 


404  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

BATES    CITY. 

Mr.  Theodore 'Bates  laid  out  the  town  of  Bates  City,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  railroad,  in  1878,  and  in  January,  1879,  it  was  established  as  a 
post  office,  with  J.  F.  Eneberg,  first  postmaster.  Mr.  L.  B.  Kelley  built 
the  first  house,  and  the  first  store  was  owned  by  J.  F.  Eneberg. 
The  first  school  house,  a  frame,  was  built  in  1881,  at  a  cost  of 
$800 — the  number  of  pupils  being  twenty-three,  and  the  compen- 
sation of  teacher  $25  per  month.  David  Aulobaugh  to  Mattie  Early, 
Rev.  Noel  officiating,  was  the  first  marriage  in  the  town  and 
occurred  in  1879.  Theodore  Alexander  Bates,  son  of  Geo.  W.  and 
jemima  Bates,  August,  1879,  was  the  first  male,  and  a  daughter  to  R. 
E.  and  Ann  Casey  was  the  first  female  child  born  in  Bates  City.  The 
first  death  was  that  of  Mrs.  Casey,  which  occurred  in  April,  1880, — she 
was  buried  at  Missouri  City.  Dr.  M.  W.  Flournoy,  of  this  county,  was 
the  first  regular  physician.  The  first  religious  service  was  performed  by 
Rev.  P.  T.  Cobb,  of  the  Methodist  Church  South. 

There  are  two  dry  goods  stores  in  Bates  City,  one  drug  store,  one 
blacksmith  and  wagon  shop,  one  mill,  two  hotels,  one  church,  one  school 
house,  one  physician,  one  millinery  shop,  one  butcher,  and  one  boot  and 
shoe  shop.  The  town  is  located  in  the  southern  part  of  Clay  township, 
and  is  beautifully  situated  upon  the  open  prairie. 

The  Bates  City  class  of  the  M.  E.  Church  South,  of  Bates  City  was 
organized  in  May,  1881,  with  twenty-three  members.  The  present  build- 
ing, frame,  was  erected  in  1881,  at  a  cost  of  $1,200,  and  has  not  yet  been 
dedicated.  The  pastors  have  been  Rev.  P.  T.  Cobb,  and  Mr.  Woodward, 
the  present  pastor.     Its  present  membership  is  twenty-seven. 

INCIDENTS. 

James  Johnson  was  killed  near  the  south  edge  of  Saline  county,  by  the  Kan- 
sas troops,  supposed  to  be  at  the  instigation  of  a  negro,  whom  he  had  once 
whipped  while  acting  as  constable;  the  act  of  whipping  was  forced  upon 
Mr.  Johnson,  by  the  law,  and  the  negro,  to  satiate  dire  revenge,  had  called 
upon  this  troop,  who  took  Mr.  Johnson,  and  hung  him  in  a  barn  till  he 
was  dead.  Mr.  Johnson  resided  at  Bates  City,  and  had  acted  as  constable 
for  some  years  previous. 

The  whipping  of  a  white  man  for  the  offence  of  hiding  a  runaway  negro, 
under  some  sheaf  oats,  occurred  1858.  The  man  was  tried  by  a  jury  of 
1.2  men,  and  a  sentence  of '40  lashes,  save  one,  was  the  decision  of  the 
jury.  Robert  Stowall,  the  man  who  executed  the  sentence,  was  killed 
in  the  year  1863,  under  the  following  circumstances:  A  troop  of  Kansas 
soldiers  came  through  the  town,  and  one  of  the  soldiers  recognized  a 
citizen  of  the  town  saying,  "how  are  you,  John?"  when  the  troop  went 
to  StowalPs,  and  called  him  out  and  shot  him.     Although  no  onerecog- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  405 

nized  any  of  the  soldiers,  it  is  supposed  that  the  killing  was  at  tne  instiga- 
tion of  the  man  who  secreted  the  negro  in  the  oats. 


DAVIS  TOWNSHIP. 

Davis  township  was  formed  May  3, 1830,  and  included  the  present  Davis 
township,  besides  all  of  Freedom,  and  portions  of  Middleton  and  Dover 
townships.  Its  first  boundaries  were  thus  defined:  "Beginning  on  the 
county  line  between  Saline  and  .Lafayette  counties,  at  the  section  corner 
between  2  and  3,  township  50,  of  range  24,  thence  west  to  the  middle  of 
range  26,  in  township  50;  thence  south  to  the  section  corner  of  12  and  13 
in  township  48;  thence  east  to  the  range  line  between  25  and  26;  thence 
south  to  the  southern  boundary  of  Lafayette  county,  which  is  the  middle 
of  the  main  channel  of  the  osage  river;  thence  down  the  middle  of  said 
river  to  the  range  line  between  23  and  24;  thence  north  with  said  line  to 
the  place  of  beginning." 

These  lines  do  not  exactly  correspond  with  any  township  lines  now  in 
the  county,  except  the  east  line  which  now  forms  the  boundary  between 
Lafayette  and  Saline  counties.  It  was  estimated  that  there  were  forty- 
eight  taxable  families  within  the  above  defined  territory  at  that  time.  The 
first  township  election  was  ordered  to  be  held  at  the  house  of  Benjamin 
Johnson;  and  Martin  Warren,  Sr.,  Axel  H.  Page,  and  John  Smeltser, 
were  appointed  as  judges. 

But  on  July  4,  1848,  the  new  township  of  Middleton  was  established, 
and  also  the  boundaries  of  Dover  township  fixed  in  their  present  places. 
These  two  changes  cut  off  some  of  the  territory  of  Davis  township,  and  its 
new  boundaries  were  thus  defined:  "Commencing  at  the  township  line, 
between  townships  49  and  50,  where  said  line  crosses  the  boundary  line 
between  the  counties  of  Lafayette  and  Saline,  thence  with  said  township 
line  west  to  where  the  same  crosses  the  main  branch  of  Tabo  creek;  thence 
with  the  main  channel  of  said  creek  in  a  southern  direction,  to  where 
said  creek  crosses  the  section  line  between  section  No.  9  and  10,  in  range 
No.  26,  of  township  No.  49:  thence  with  said  section  line  south  to  where 
the  same  crosses  the  main  branch  of  Davis  creek;  thence  with  the  main 
channel  of  said  Davis  creek,  to  the  boundary  line  between  the  counties  of 
Saline  and  Lafayette;  thence  with  said  line  north  to  the  beginning."  Thus 
Davis  township  received  its  final  boundaries,  which  remain  the  same  to 
this  day. 

Among  the  original  settlers  of  the  territory  which  constitutes  the  pres- 
ent Davis  township,  were  Joseph  Collins,  who  located  at  a  place  since 
called  "Bear's  Grove,"  situated  near  section  13,  township  49,  and  range 
26,  sometime  between  the  years  of  1825  and  1830.     Alexander  P.  Hogan, 


406  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Wm.  Anderson  and  Uriah  Gladdish,  natives  of  Kentucky,  who  settled  on 
sections  35  and  36,  same  township  and  range,  and  Captain  William  Beatty, 
Major  S.  G.  Neal,  Wm.  Collins,  Madison  Taylor,  Thomas  and  James 
Smith,  Wm.  and  Menona  Dyer,  and  William  Hickman,  who  settled  in 
that  neighborhood  previous  to  1840.  The  first  marriage  ceremony  was 
performed  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Anderson,  the  high  contracting  parties 
being  his  daughter  and  William  Still.  The  first  male  child  born  in  the 
township  was  Henry  Anderson,  son  of  Ira  and  Columbia  Anderson,  born 
in  1841.  The  first  death  on  record  is  that  of  a  Miss  Davenport,  who 
died  in  about  1843,  and  was  buried  at  the  Couch  grave  yard.  Among 
the  first  physicians  was  Dr.  W.  W.  Higgins,  who  now  resides  in  Mon- 
tana. The  Rev.  George  Crawford,  (new  school  Presbyterian)  and  Rev. 
Peter  Williams  (Baptist)  were  the  first  ministers  reported.  The  first 
religious  services,  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  were  held  in  Beatty  school 
house,  near  "Bear's  Grove,"  prior  to  1840.  In  about  1841,  the  "Tebo 
Presbyterian  church"  was  organized  at  the  same  place.  The  first  school 
was  taught  in  Beatty  school  house,  built  in  about  1838.  George  Rhoades 
and  Judge  Lucien  Cary,  were  among  the  first  teachers.  The  school 
numbered  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  pupils,  and  teacher's  salary  ranged 
from  $35  to  $40  per  month.  This  house  was  constructed  of  logs,  and 
built  out  of  funds  raised  by  subscription.  In  about  the  year  1843,  a  log 
building  for  school  purposes  was  erected  by  Elijah  Gladdish,  upon  his 
farm  on  section  36.  This  school  numbered  from  twelve  to  fifteen  scholars, 
and  was  first  taught  by  Miss  Elizabeth  Martin,  (now  disceased)  at  a  sal- 
ary of  $10  and  board  per  month.  At  this  time  the  custom  of  teachers 
"boarding  around"  was  in  vogue — the  teacher  boarding  with  each  patron 
a  stated  length  of  time  for  each  pupil  in  attendance.  This  Bohemian 
proclivity,  however,  is  among  the  relics  of  the  past.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Glad- 
dish is  reported  as  the  first  weaver  of  cloth,  she  having  brought  the 
wool  with  her  from  Kentucky. 

The  settlers  were  obliged  to  go  from  twelve  to  eighteen  miles  to  millr 
and  frequently  would  be  cut  of  from  their  homes  by  high  water,  and  be 
obliged  to  camp  out  for  several  days,  until  the  water  had  subsided.  The 
trading  point  and  post  office  up  to  1846,  was  Lexington.  At  that  date  a 
post  office  was  established  at  the  residence  of  Major  Neal,  called  the 
Hempland  P.  O. 

Major  Geo.  P.  Gordon,  who  lives  on  section  18,  township  49,  range  24, 
says  that  Simon  Bradley  and  Jesse  Cox  came  into  that  neighborhood  as 
early  as  1820,  and  settled  on  sections  17  and  18,  respectively.  He  also 
says  that  Mesdames  Bradley  and  Cox  did  the  first  weaving  in  that  neigh- 
borhood. 

The  necessities  of  these  early  settlers  were  few,  and  supplied  princi- 
pally by  their  own  exertions.      Occasionally  when  they  desired  a  little 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  407 

store  sugar,  tea,  coffee,  etc.,  they  were  obliged  to  go  to  Dover,  in  Dover 
township,  several  miles  distant. 

In  1844,  this  township  polled  sixty-three  votes,  of  which  number,  sixty 
were  whig.  A  premium  having  been  previously  offered  for  the  banner 
Whig  township,  Davis  won  the  laurels. 

The  Osage,  Kickapoo,  and  Kaw  Indians  came  through  until  about 
1848.  They  were  peaceably  disposed,  but  given  to  begging  and  pilfering. 
An  Osage  chief,  75  years  of  age,  came  to  the  residence  of  Harvey  Hig- 
gins  and  endeavored  to  acquaint  him  by  signs,  with  the  number  of  scalps 
which  he  had  taken,  and  begged  for  a  shirt.  Mr.  H.  responded  liberally 
to  the  savage's  desires,  giving  him  not  only  the  shirt  he  asked  for,  but  a 
pair  of  pants  as  well,  and  the  "noble  red  man"  went  on  his  way  rejoicing. 

Game  of  all  kinds  was  abundant.  In  going  a  few  rods  from  his  house, 
Mr.  Higgins  would  sometimes  start  four  of  five  deer.  Col.  Mulky  started 
four  black  bears  within  150  yards  of  his  house  and  succeeded  in  cap- 
turing two  of  them.  In  early  days  buffalo  and  elk  were  abuadant  and  cat- 
amounts were  often  killed.     Panthers  were  not  numerous. 

This  township  is  well  watered.  Its  entire  southern  boundary,  fifteen 
miles  in  length,  borders  on  Davis  Creek,  which  receives  numerous  brooks 
and  rivulets  that  traverse  its  diversified  surface. 

Its  population,  according  to  the  official  report  of  the  United  States  cen- 
sus, taken  June  1,  1880,  is  2,944.  It  has,  however,  increased  considerably 
during  the  past  year. 

Mr,  Ira  D.  Anderson  furnishes  the  following  items  of  early  history  of 
Davis  township: 

Wm.  Collins,  Senior,  a  soldier  of  the  revolutionary  war  from  Carolina, 
also  his  son  and  son-in-law  and  their  families,  amounting  to  eight  persons, 
were  among  the  first  settlers  of  this  township,  settling  here  in  1825.  The 
first  marriage  in  the  township  was  that  of  Martin  D.  Warren  to  Miss  Dil- 
lingham. The  first  male  child  born  »here  was  James  Anderson,  son  of 
Wm.  H.  and  D Anderson;  the  first  female  child  was  Nancy,  daugh- 
ter of  Larkin  and  Sarah  Graham.  The  first  death  occurred  in  the  town- 
ship in  the  latter  part  ot  1837,  and  was  buried  at  Johnson's  Grove,  near 
Higginsville.  The  first  Christian  minister  in  this  township  was  Rev. 
Thomas  McBride,  of  the  Christian  church,  in  a  log  cabin  south  of 
where  Higginsville  now  stands.  "We  had  no  roads  in  the  early  times  of 
Davis  township,  but  traveled  by  courses — our  principal  market  place  was 
Lexington.  The  boys  would  often  have  a  big  deer  hunt,  kill  as  many  as 
eight  deer,  and  get  home  to  dinner." 

HIGGINSVILLE. 

The  city  of  Higginsville  is  located  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
and  Missouri  &  Pacific  railways  on  sections  one  and  six  and   township 


408  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

forty-nine,  ranges  25  and  twenty-six,  and  was  founded  inr  1869  by  Harvey 
J.  Higgins,  in  whose  honor  it  was  named.  A  postoffice  was  established 
here  in  1870,  with  A.  B.  E.  Lehman  as' postmaster,  who  also  built  the  first 
house  and  kept,  in  partnership  with  his  son,  the  first  store  in  the  town, 
the  firm  was  styled  "Lehman  &  Son."  In  1876  the  town  was  incorporated 
and  Abram  Wade  was  elected  the  first  mayor.  The  first  school-house 
was  built  in  1879,  a  frame  building,  at  a  cost  of  $1,200.  The  first  school 
numbered  about  thirty-five  pupils  and  was  taught  by  Miss  Anna  Reese, 
at  a  compensation  of  fifty  dollars  per  month.  The  first  marriage  reported 
is  that  of  Lewis  Henke,  the  name  of  his  bride  not  being  given,  in  the 
spring  of  1870.  The  ceremony  was  peformed  at  the  home  of  the  bride, 
by  George  Osborne,  a  justice  of  the  peace.  It  is  asserted  that  Michael 
Kelley  was  the  first  male  child  born  within  the  limits  of  the  town,  and 

Hughes,  daughter  of  John  Hughes  the  first  female.     The  first  death 

that  occurred  within  the  corporation  was  that  of  an  infant  son  of  Lewis 
Henke,  which  lies  buried  in  the  Evangelical  burial  grounds. 

The  first  regular  physician  was  Dr.  C.  W.  Seeber,  who  still  resides  near 
the  city  engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice  of  his  profession.  The  first  relig- 
ious services  were  held  in  the  Evangelical  church,  conducted  by  the  Rev. 
Henry  Haefer.  The  Evangelical  burial  ground  is  located  about  one  mile 
east  of  town  and  is  tastefully  laid  out.  The  present  city  officers  are  as 
follows:  Mayor,  B.  M.  Hutcherson;  councilmen,  W.  L.  Smiley,  M.  A. 
Brady,  H.  Horstmann  and  H.  G.  Smith.  Two  years  ago,  when  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  road  was  built  through,  Higginsville  was  comparatively 
small.  It  now  has  a  newspaper,  a  bank,  two  steam  flouring  mills,  a  steam 
elevator  and  grain  warehouse,  two  freight  and  passenger  depots,  eight 
churches,  a  fine  graded  public  school,  a  select  school,  flourishing  civic  socie- 
ties, a  large  lumber  yard,  and  about  twenty  business  houses.  According  to 
the  official  report  of  the  United  States  census,  taken  June  1,  1880,  it  has  a 
population  of  797.  It,  however,  has  grown  quite  rapidly  during  the  past 
year,  and  now  considerably  exceeds  that  number. 

The  Coal  Mines  in  the  vicinity  are  closely  allied  with  the  business 
interests  of  the  city,  and  should  be  mentioned  in  connection  with  it.  There 
are  seven  shafts  open  within  a  radius  of  four  miles,  five  of  them  being 
operated  during  the  cold  season,  for  the  local  demand,  and  the  other  two, 
near  town,  owned  and  operated  by  the  Winsor  Coal  Company,  which 
was  incorporated  in  December,  1879,  with  Ed.  Winsor,  president,  and  H. 
W.  Winsor,  secretary  and  superintendent,  in  operation  during  the  entire 
season.  In  these  two  latter  mines  coal  is  found  forty-five  feet  below  the 
surface  and  in  a  vein  of  from  sixteen  to  eighteen  inches  in  thickness.  The 
daily  product  of  these  two  mines,  when  in  full  operation,  is  2000  bushels, 
all  of  which  is  sold  to  the  Chicago  and  Alton  and  Kansas  city  dealers. 

(For  Higginsville  newspapers  see  chapter  on  newspapers  of  the  county.) 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  409 

CHURCHES    OF    HIGGINSVILLE. 

The  Higginsville  Presbyterian  Church  (originally  known   as   "  Tabbo 
church")  was  organized  June  19, 1842.  The  original  members  were  Dan- 
dridge  Morrow,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Morrow,  Miss  Mary  A.  Morrow,  Wm.  D. 
Lathim,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lathim,  Mrs.  Mary  Neal  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  R. 
Crawford. 

The  church  building  is  of  brick,  erected  in  1874  at  a  cost  of  $3000.  It 
was  dedicated  July  19,  1874,  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Gray  conducting  the  services. 

The  following  pastors  have  since  been  in  charge:  Revs.  George  M. 
Crawford,  John  Stuart,  Robert  Glenn,  F.  R.  Gray  and  S.  T.  Rufther. 

The  present  membership  is  66.  The  church  is  in  connection  with  the 
Lafayette  presbytery. 

The  original  church  building  stood  on  the  Lexington  and  Georgetown 
road,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  west  of  Higginsville. 

The  First  German  Baptist  Church  at  Higginsville  was  organized  May 
24,  1868.  The  original  trustees  were  Peter  Brand,  J.  G.  Huder  and  Aug. 
Erdman,  the  last  named  acting  as  clerk.  The  church  building  is  a  frame 
edifice,  erected  in  1874  at  a  cost  of  $15S5.  When  first  organized  the 
Rev.  Anton  Hausler  was  in  charge  as  pastor,  he  being  followed  by  Rev. 
C.  Schumacher,  who  in  turn  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  F.  W.  Greife.  Num- 
ber of  members  at  present,  78.     Nothing  further  reported. 

The  German  Lutheran  Church  at  Higginsville,  known  as  the  "Evan- 
gelical SalemsChurch,"  was  organized  in  1870.  The  original  members 
were  Adolph  Wehrman  and  wife,  Herman  Haefer  and  wife,  W.  Huene- 
feld  and  wife,  C.  Haefer  and  wife,  H.  Offel,  Sen.,  and  wife,  H.  Schmieder 
and  wife,  H.  Farre  and  wife,  Aug.  Caulher  and  wife,  A.  Henker  and  wife, 
H.  Offel,  Jr.,  and  wife. 

'The  building  is  a  frame  one,  erected  in  1871  at  a  cost  of  $1000.  It  was 
dedicated  Oct.  29, 1871,  the  Rev.  Henry  Haefer,  the  present  pastor,  preach- 
ing the  dedicatory  sermon.  Mr.  Haefer  has  had  charge  of  this  church 
since  its  organization,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  between  1873  and 
1877,  when  the  Rev.  Frederick  Drewel  had  it  in  charge.  At  present  there 
are  75  members  belonging.  The  pastor  resides  in  a  parsonage  built  by 
the  congregation  at  a  cost  of  $1800.  The  Sabbath  school  consists  of  45 
scholars  and  eight  teachers.  During  the  three  months  of  March,  April 
and  May  a  private  school  is  in  progress  in  the  church  building,  in  charge 
of  the  pastor. 

This  church  is  a  member  of  the  German  evangelical  synod,  of  which 
there  are  five  other  members  in  the  county.  In  1879  the  congregation 
purchased  a  bell,  costing  $387. 

The  German  M.  E.  Church. — Located  in  the  city  of  Higginsville,  was 
organized  in  1876.     The  names  of  the  original  members  were  as  follows: 


410  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Wm.  Liese,  Elizabeth  Liese,  Frederick  Liese,  Louise  Liese,  Charles 
Liese,  Gustav  Liese,  John  Muller,  Anna  Muller,  John  Froeschle, 
Sr.,  Friederika  Froeschle,  Anna  R.  Froeschle,  Jacob  Froeschle, 
Mary  Froeschle,  Michael  Waehr,  Henry  Meyerarend,  Friedrick 
Senser,  Heinrich  Kripmeyer,  Wm.  Vieth,  Wm.  Heffen  and  others.  The 
church  is  a  frame  building  and  was  built  in  1870,  at  a  cost  of  $1,800;  ded- 
icated in  December,  same  year,  1876,  by  Rev.  Jacob  Tanner.  The 
names  of  the  successive  pastors  were:  Revs.  Conrad  Mardof,  Peter 
Hehner,  Julius  Franz,  John  H.  Asling  and  John  Demand.  It  has  now  37 
members,  and  a  flourishing  Sunday  school  attached,  of  which  the  Rev. 
Simon  Ritter  is  superintendent. 

St.  Mary's  Churchy  (Catholic)  at  Higginsville,  was  organized  April  26, 
1879.  The  original  members  were:  Timothy  Noonan,  Martin  Kelly, 
John  O'Mally,  Patrick  Summers,  Jeremiah  Kelly,  John  P.  Schurtz, 
Stephen  Organ,  Thomas  Organ,  Patrick  Lillis,  Patrick  Machin,  Daniel 
McDermott,  Andrew  Bomkoskei,  Mark  Brady,  Prof.  O.  V.  Thornton, 
James  O.  Gormon,  Charles  McGirl,  and  many  others.  The  church  edi- 
fice consists  of  a  frame  building,  erected  in  July,  1881,  at  a  cost  of  $1,600. 
It  will  be  dedicated  on  the  9th  of  October,  1881,  by  the  Right  Rev.  John 
I.  Hogan,  bishop  of  Kansas  City  and  St.  Joseph.  Fathers  Hoag,  Brady, 
Cooney,  John  I.  Lilly  and  F.  Curran  have  been  in  charge  since  the  organi- 
zation of  this  church.  The  last  named  being  the  first  and  present  resident 
pastor.     Present  number  of  members  180. 

The  Christian  Church,  of  Higginsville,  was  organized  January  18,  1880, 
with  an  original  membership  of  42.  This  church  is  properly  a  reorgani- 
zation of  the  "  Republican  church,"  originally  founded  nearly  forty  years 
ago,  and  having  a  large  membership.  The  church  building  was  situated 
about  two  miles  southeast  of  town.  This  old  building  was  sold  ancl  a 
frame  one  erected  in  Higginsville,  in  1879,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  It  was 
dedicated  on  the  third  Sabbath  in  February,  1880,  Elder  Plattenburg,  of 
Dover,  conducting  the  dedicatory  services.  The  following  pastors  have 
been  in  charge:  C.  A.  Hedrick  and  Samuel  McDaniels.  The  present 
membership  is  70.  The  church  is  in  a  prosperous  condition  and  has  its 
new  edifice  nearly  paid  for. 

The  Baptist  Church,  of  Higginsville,  was  Organized  in  January,  1880. 
The  original  members  were:  A.  Edgar  Asbury,  Mrs.  Ellen  Asbury, 
John  W.  Edley  and  wife,  A.  H.  Horn  and  wife,  B.  F.  McElroy  and  wifef 
W.  W.  Preston,  Miss  Lelia  Mason  and  others.  The  church  edifice  is  a 
frame  building,  erected  in  1881,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000.  The  present  mem- 
bership is  about  45,  and  the  church  is  now  in  charge  of  the  Rev.  S.  B. 
Whiting.     No  further  particulars  reported. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  411 

CIVIC    SOCIETIES    OF    HIGGINSVILLE. 

Mystic  Lodge,  No.  88.,  A.  O.  U.  W.— Organized  November  28,  1878, 
by  W.  R.  Shern.  The  charter  members  were:  J.  H.  Fuhr,  G.  Sharp, 
John  Page,  J.  H.  Stapp,  Fred  Shopenhoist,  J.  A.  Field,  M.  A.  Brady,  W. 
H.  Robnett,  W.  E.  Ennis.  D.  S.  Swacker. 

The  original  officers  were:  D.  S.  Swacker,  P.  M.  W.;  W.  E.  Ennis, 
M.  W.;  W.  H.  Robnett,  foreman,;  M.  A.  Brady,  overseer;  J.  A.  Field, 
recorder;  F.  Shopenhoist,  financier;  J.  H.  Stapp,  receiver;  John  Page, 
Guard;  G.  Sharp,  inside  watchman;  J.  H.  Fuhr,  outside  watchman. 

Present  officers:  M.  A.  Brady,  P.  M.  W  ;  J.  H.  Fuhr,  M.  W.;  Chas. 
Shrader,  foreman;  D.  S.  Swacker,  O.;  J.  H.  Stapp,  R.;  J.  W.  Endly,  fin.; 
W.  E.  Kellar,  G.;  Jesse  Field,  O.  W.;  H.  Rapsohl,  I.  W.;  S.  F.  Patter- 
son, R.  June  20,  1881,  there  were  25  members.  The  lodge  holds  its 
meetings  in  a  frame  building  built  in  1879.  One  death  has  occurred  since 
organization. 

Higginsville,  Lodge  No.  J64,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. — Organized  in  1880t 
by  W.  W.  Preston  and  A.  E.  Asbury.  The  charter  members  were: 
Grove  Young,  A.  Wade,  James  Peddicord,  G.  W.  Houx,  B.  Wilkinson, 
James  Robason,  S.  T.  RufFner,  W.  S.  Ennis,  A.  Kensler,  W.  J.  Fewell, 
Wm.  Doblin,  C.  N.  Engler,  and  H.  G.  Smith. 

The  following  named  gentlemen  held  the  first  offices:  W.  W.  Preston, 
W.  M.;  G.  W.  Houx,  S.  W.;  B.  Wilkinson,  J.  W.;  S.  T.  RufFner,  S.  D.; 
W.J.  Fewell,  J.  D.;  A.  E.  Asbury,  Treasurer;  James  Peddicord,  Secre- 
tary. 

The  present  officers  are  the  same  as  above,  with  the  single  exception  of 
a  change  in  the  office  of  secretary;  that  position  being  now  filled  by  H.  G. 
Smith. 

The  present  membership  is  22.  Meetings  are  held  in  a  brick  hall,  built 
by  A.  E.  Asbury,  in  1879. 

Prairie  Grange. — The  only  particulars  obtained  in  regard  to  this  organ- 
ization are,  tha't  it  was  organized  by  Lewis  Neale,  Jr.,  of  Lafayette  county, 
and  that  its  present  officers  are:  James  M.  Armentrout,  W.  M.;  and 
Jackson  Corder,  secretary.  Also  that  the  hall  in  which  it  meets  is  a  frame 
building,  built  in  1879,  and  located  upon  section  5,  township  49,  range  24. 

Davis  Creek  Grange  No.  133,  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1873,  with 
thirteen  members.  The  present  officers  are:  Isaac  McVey,  Master;  F. 
M.  Gladdish,  Overseer;  William  Nois,  Lecturer,  and  Frank  Mills,  Secre- 
tary. The  number  of  members  at  the  present  time  is  between  fifty  and 
sixty.  They  meet  in  a  two  story  frame  building,  built  at  a  cost  of  from 
six  to  seven  hundred  dollars.     No  further  particulars  reported. 


412  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

CEREALS,    FRUIT,  BEES,    ETC. 

Christopher  Ellmaker  has  an  orchard  consisting  of  about  200  apple 
trees,  some  of  which  'have  been  planted  over  forty  years.  In  1880,  he 
gathered  1000  bushels  of  apples  from  it. 

His  wheat  crop  during  same  year  yielded  an  average  of  twenty-five 
bushels  to  the  acre.  In  other  parts  of  this  township  the  average  was  from 
thirty  to  forty  bushels. 

Mr.  George  G.  Elsea,  has  an  orchard  of  about  150  apple  trees,  some  of 
them  over  forty  years  of  age,  from  which  he  gathered  200  bushels  of  fruit 
during  the  year  1880. 

Alfred  P.  Lewis  has  an  orchard  of  100  apple  trees,  fifty  of  which  were 
set  out  in  1845,  and  the  remainder,  at  various  times  since.  Of  the  differ- 
ent varieties  raised,  he  says  that  the  Ben  Davis  is  the  most  salable  and 
the  Genitan,  Winesap  and  the  Missouri  and  Newtown  Pippin,  the  best 
adapted  to  the  climate.  He  raised  about  400  bushels  during  the  year  1880. 

He  also  has  twenty  stands  of  bees  of  the  Missouri  Native  variety.  They 
get  their  honey  from  buds  and  blossoms  during  early  spring  and  from 
white  clover  in  its  season.  In  1879  he  gathered  200  pounds  of  excellent 
honey  from  the  product  of  these  busy  little  insects. 

COAL    MINES. 

An  excellent  mine  of  bituminous  coal  is  located  upon  the  premises  of 
Mr.  Michael  Summers,  formerly  owned  by  Elder  Martin  Corder,  situated 
in  section  6,  township  49,  range  24.  Also  on  the  farm  of  Patrick  Mc- 
Bride,  in  section  11,  same  township  and  range,  a  vein  of  the  same  kind  of 
coal  has  been  found  which,  however,  he  has  never  mined. 

On  Mr.  Gladdish's  farm,  four  or  five  miles  south  of  Higginsville,  some 
fragments  of  petrified  bones  and  wood  have  been  found.  Mrs.  Gladdish 
has  in  her  possession  something  that  looks  like  a  petrified  wasp's  nest,  the 
cells  being  perfectly  defined.  [It  is  a  species  of  fossil  coral  called  Fareo- 
sites,  which  means  "  honeycomb  stone." — Historian.        * 

DEEDS  OF  VIOLENCE. 

A  federal  paymaster  having  in  his  possession  $55,000,  which  he  was 
transporting  to  Marshall,  Saline  county,  with  a  guard  of  25  men,  com- 
manded by  Capt.  Perry,  had  stopped  at  the  residence  of  Alfred  P.  Lewis, 
"  for  the  purpose  of  remaining  overnight.  While  there  they  were  attacked 
by  a  company  of  bushwhackers,  led  by  Dave  Blount,  who  captured  the 
vehicle  which  contained  the  money,  securely  locked  up  in  a  strong  box, 
and  its  guard  of  three  pickets.  Not  knowing  anything  of  the  money  in 
their  possession,  the  bushwhackers  took  the  horses  and  bidding  the  three 
men  to  follow,  started  to  retreat.  One  of  them  refusing,  he  was  delibe- 
rately shot  down  in  his  tracks,  the  ball  entering  his  back  and  coming  out 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  413 

of  his  right  breast.  He  lived  for  26  hours  after,  and  then  expired.  Mr. 
Lewis  gave  him  all  the  assistance  in  his  power,  which,  however,  was  of 
no  avail,  except  to  render  his  last  moments  easier.  The  bushwhackers 
rode  off  with  the  horses  and  their  two  prisoners,  paroling  the  latter  and 
allowing  them  to  rejoin  their  comrades  the  following  day. 

In  September,  1862,  John  Grisom  was  found  murdered  in  the  Davis 
bottom,  on  the  premises  of  Mr.  Christopher  Echoff.  Grisom  was  a  resi- 
dent of  Saline  county. 

MURDER  OF  JUDGE   WM.  PRIGMORE. 

This  murder  occurred  October  10,  1864.  He  was  shot  in  his  yard  by 
the  bushwhackers,  part  of  whom  are  said  to  have  been  Dave  Poole's  men, 
and  part  Todd's.  The  house  was  burned  with  its  entire  contents;  Mrs. 
Prigmore  and  her  sister-in-law,  a  cripple,  escaping  with  nothing  but  the 
clothes  they  wore. 

George  Albin  and  Ben.  Neville,  guerrillas  of  Poole's  command,  were 
caught  in  1863,  by  the  federals,  at  Oakland  church,  three  miles  east  of 
Higginsville.  Albin  was  shot  and  instantly  killed.  In  the  following  win- 
ter two  men,  one  named  Webster,  were  killed  at  same  place. 

Chas.  O'Hara,  a  bushwhacker,  was  killed  at  the  house  of  Rob't  Van 
Meter,  four  miles  east  of  Higginsville,  in  1863.  He  was  attempting  to 
escape  and  was  shot  while  climbing  the  fence. 

Mr.  Sharpe,  an  old  resident  of  the  county,  was  murdered  for  his  money 
at  about  the  close  of  the  war.  He  lived  two  and  a  half  miles  west  of  Hig- 
ginsville. 

Mr.  Fountain,  living  about  five  miles  west  of  Higginsville,  was  called 
out  by  federal  militia,  in  fall  of  1863,  and  deliberately  shot  down. 


DOVER   TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  mention  of  Dover  township  occurs  February  5,  1836,  when  it 
was  ordered  by  the  county  court  "  that  Tabo  township  be  hereafter  known 
and  designated  by  the  name  and  style  of  Dover  township."  This  was 
only  a  small  remnant  of  the  original  Tabo  township,  and  comprised  the 
most  of  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Dover  and  Middleton  townships. 
The  boundaries  of  the  newly  named  township  are  not  given;  but  it  is  at 
this  date  laid  off  into  eight  road  districts,  with  numbers  and  overseers  as 
follows: 

First  road  district,  Wm.  W.  Shroyers,  overseer;  second  road  district, 
JLegrand  Buford,  overseer;  thirty-fifth  road  district,  John  Smeltser,  over- 
seer; thirty-fourth  road  district,  Robert  Sensabaugh,  overseer;  thirty- 
third  road  district,  Wm.  Hickman,  overseer;    thirty-second  road  district, 

N 


414  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Cornelius  Gant,  overseer;  thirty-first  road  district,  Wm.  Whitsett,  over- 
seer; thirtieth  road  district,  John  Timberlake,  overseer. 

The  first  mention  of  schools  occurs  May  4,  1840.  A  majority  of  the 
voters  of  Dover  township  had  petitioned  to  be  organized  in  accordance 
with  an  act  of  the  legislature,  entitled  "  an  act  to  provide  for  the  organiza- 
tion, support,  and  government  of  common  schools,"  approved  February 
9,  1839.  The  county  court  appointed  Joseph  W.  Hall,  Nathaniel  David- 
son, and  Hubbell  Foster,  school  directors  for  the  township;  and  the  first 
school  meeting  was  to  be  held  at  the  town  of  Dover,  July  23,  following. 

July  4,  1848,  new  boundaries  for  Dover  township  were  established,  as 
follows:  "  Commencing  at  the  mouth  of  Tabo  creek,  in  the  middle  of  the 
main  channel  thereof,  where  the  same  empties  into  the  Missouri  river, 
thence  up  said  creek  with  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  thereof,  to 
where  the  same  crosses  the  township  line  between  townships  No.  49 
and  50  in  range  No.  26;  thence  east  with  said  township  line  to  where  the 
same  intersects  the  range  line  between  ranges  24  and  25;  thence  with 
said  range  line  north  to  the. Missouri  river;  thence  with  said  river  to  the 
place  of  beginning."  And  so  the  boundaries  remain  to  the  present  time, 
1881. 

The  early  French  traders  had  called  several  places  Terre  Bonne  (pro- 
nounced Tair  Bone),  or  "  good  land;"  such  a  name  would  first  apply  to 
the  country  generally,  and  then  gradually  be  limited  to  a  smaller  portion 
and  finally  to  the  village  or  trading  post.  As  American  settlers  came  in, 
new  names  were  given,  and  old  ones  localized  and  spelled  by  sound, 
rather  than  according  to  the  original  meaning  in  French,  and  often  short- 
ened in  sound:  Thus  Terre  Bonne  was  first  shortened  into  Ta  Beau. 
Some  think  this  was  the  original  name  and  meant  "  the  gallant,"  or  "  ele- 
gant," or  as  we  moderns  say,  "  splendid,"  but  this  was  merely  a  later 
shortening  of  the  original;  it  was  next  Anglicized  into  Tabbo,  and  finally 
Tabo,  and  limited  to  a  small  creek  instead  of  naming  and  describing  a 
region  of  country.  Such  is  the  evolution  of  the  name  of  Tabo  creek, 
•which  now  forms  the  boundary  between  Lexington  and  Dover  townships. 

EARLY   SETTLEMENTS. 

The  first  settlement  in  this  township  Was  made  by  John  Lovelady  and 
Solomon  Cox,  in  the  year  1817,  one-half  mile  west  of  the  present  village 
of  Dover.  W.  R.  Cole  and  Tames  Bounds  settled  one  and  a  half  miles 
west;  they  made  some  other  improvements  in  the  same  year.  Solomon 
Cox  came  from  Virginia  and  settled  on  section  29.  W.  R.  Cole  came 
from  Virginia  and  settled  on  section  30.  James  Bounds,  Sr.,  James 
Bounds,  Jr.  and  Obadiah  Bounds,  came  from  Tennessee  and  settled  on 
section  31  in  the  year  1818.  Christopher  Jago,  Wm.  Carpenter  and  John 
Parkerson  came  from  Tennessee   in  the   year  1819.      Z.  Linville,  a    Sto- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  415 

nite  preacher,  Martin  Trapp,  a  reformed  preacher,  called  by  some  at  that 
time,  a  Stonite  preacher,*  John  Welsh,  Jesse  Nelson,  Enoch  Fox,Wm.Fox, 
Dyer  Cash  and  Joseph  Cantrell  came  in  1818.  Mr.  Bovvers  erected  the 
first  corn  mill  and  distillery  in  the  county,  about  one-half  mile  west  of  Dover. 
There  was  a  log  church  erected  in  Dover  by  the  different  denominations. 
The  ministers  were  Rev.  Martin  Trapp,  Rev.  Zachariah  Linville,  Finis 
Ewing,  Robert  King,  Robert  Mare;  the  three  last  named  were  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian;  Ransom  Clark,  an  O.  S.  Baptist.  These  ministers 
invariably  united  and  held  their  meetings,  leaving  the  converts  to  join 
whichever  denomination  they  pleased.  The  first  marriage  in  the  county 
was  at  Solomon  Cox's  in  January,  181S;  Mr.  John  Lovelady  to  Miss 
Mary  Cox,  daughter  of  Enoch  Cox,  of  Grayson  county,  Virginia,  by  Rev. 
Martin  Trapp.  The  first  births  were  Rebecca  and  Elizabeth,  twin  daugh- 
ters of  Mr.  John  and  Mary  Lovelady.  Rebecca  is  still  living  and  the 
wife  of  John  B.  Dysart.  The  first  death  was  Martin  Trapp,  in  1820;  the 
second,  Wm.  R.  Cole,  September  15,  1821;  both  were  buried  in  the  cem- 
etery near  Dover,  which  Mr.  Cole  himself  had  laid  out.  The  first  physi- 
cian was  Dr.  Buck,  of  Massachusetts;  he  died  at  the  warm  springs, 
Arkansas.  The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  log  school  house  just  south  of 
Dover,  in  the  year  1822,  by  George  Marquis,  who  died  soon  after.  The 
first  school  house  was  built  of  logs,  gratuitously,  by  the  citizens,  and  was 
located  half  a  mile  south  of  Dover.  The  first  weaving  of  cloth  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  done  by  Mrs.  John  Lovelady  and  Mrs.  Solomon  Cox. 
In  the  first  settling  of  the  country,  it  was,  like  all  other  new  countries, 
devoid  of  roads  and  means  of  travel,  and  the  citizens  wishing  to  go  to  a 
certain  place  took  the  direction,  making  a  passable  road  as  they  went. 

PAGE   CITY. 

Page  City,  situated  on  the  Lexington  branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  R. 
R.,  was  laid  out  in  1871  by  Joseph  H.  Page,  on  20  acres  of  land  belonging 
to  himself  and  11  acres  belonging  to  his  brother,  G.  R.  Page. 

CHURCHES    OF    DOVER   VILLAGE. 

The  Dover  Baptist  Church. — Organized  in  about  the  year  1844.  The 
original  members  were:  P.  M.  Gaw  and  wife,  Wm.  Fristoe  and  wife, 
Mrs.  Ann  C.  Mallory,  Willis  Mathews  and  wife,  Willis  Gaulding  and  wife, 
David  Powers  and  wife  and  M.  T.  Buford.  The  building  originally  occu- 
pied by  this  church  was  built  in  1845,  and  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  Wm.  C. 
Ligon.  It  cost  about  $1,500.  In  1876  it  was  removed  and  a  new  one 
built  in  its  stead — a  fine  commodious  edifice — at  a  cost  of  $6,000.  This 
was  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  W.  Pope  Yeaman. 

*This  was  then  a  new  sect  or  denomination  and  was  called  by  various  nicknames,  such 
as  "New  Light,"  "  Stonites,"  "  Campbellites,"  etc .  They  are  now  known  as  "  Christians," 
•or  "  Disciples." 


416  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

The  successive  pastors  have  been,  the  Revs.  Wm.  C.  Ligon,  E.  Roth, 
Charles  Whitney,  E.  S.  Dulin,  Mr.  Kingdom,  E.  S.  Tichenor,  G.  W. 
Smith,  C.  T.  Daniel  and  T.  W.  Tate.  Since  the  organization  of  this 
church  five  others  have  been  established  in  the  vicinity,  which  have 
drawn  considerably  from  its  membership,  which  at  present  is  small,  num- 
bering about  50.     At  one  time  it  had  over  150  communicants. 

The  First  M.  E.  Church,  South,  of  Dover  city. —  Organized  in  1880. 
The  original  members  were:  James  Schooling,  S.  R.  McCorkle  and 
wife,  Mrs.  Swacker  and  daughter,  M.  Catron  and  daughter  and  others. 
The  church  holds  its  sessions  in  a  frame  edifice,  built  in  1881,  at  a  cost  of 
$1,500.  It  is  not  yet  dedicated.  At  present  the  Rev.  W.  B.  McFarland 
occupies  the  pulpit.  Although  but  recently  organized  twenty  members 
have  already  joined,  and  the  indications  of  prosperity  for  the  society 
in  the  future  are  favorable. 

civic  SOCIETIES. 

Dover  Lodge,  No.  122,  A.  F.  and  A.  M. — Organized  in  May,  1850,  by 
Cyrus  Osborn.  The  charter  members  and  first  officers  were,  P.  B.  LaBer- 
ten,  W.  M.;  Samuel  Warren,  S.  W.;  Jacob  Sutfield,  J.  W.;  C.  T.  Ustick, 
Treas.;  W.  R.  Schurlock,  Sec'y;  Wm.  ,C.  Webb,  S.  D.;  W.  M.  John- 
son, J.  D.;  John  E.  McDougal,  Tyler. 

The  present  officers  are,  John  C.  Woods,  W.  M.;  James  Clayton,  S.  W. 
James  Cather,  J.  W.;  H.  Wahl,  Treas.;  R.  T.  Koontz,  Sec'y;  L.  Buford, 
S.  D.;  John  Wheatley,  J.  D.;  Lewis  Ligon,  Tyler;  L.  B.  Gordon  and  F. 
G.  Henry,  Stewards.     Number  of  members  at  present,  44      Hall  built  of 
brick,  and  rented  of  the  Dover  Store  company. 

WAR   AND    WOMEN    IN    DOVER. 

While  Gen.  Shelby's  cavalry  were  serving  as  advance  scouts  during 
Price's  raid  through  the  State  in  1864,  Edwards'  history  says: 

"  And  Dover,  too — this  pretty  little  village,  so  peaceful  and  so  calm — 
had  put  on  her  gala  dress  to  welcome  the  army  and  crown  with  garlands 
her  returning  braves  marching  in  the  advance  of  Shelby's  division.  Those 
same  Dover  girls  cost  some  of  Shelby's  soldiers  dearly,  indeed.  Linger- 
ing behind  to  gather  a  few  more  smiles  and  bind  a  few  more  soft  love- 
whisperings  around  hearts  soon  to  be  separated,  were  Capt's  Charley 
Jones,  Ben.  Neal,  Will  Redd,  Lieut.  Seb  Plattenburg,  Sid.  Martin,  Den  - 
nis  McNamara,  Sam.  Downing  and  one  or  two  others.  Songs,  music, 
patriotic  toasts  and  wooings  without  number  stole  the  night  away,  and 
continued  until  the  cold  October  sun  had  risen  red  and  ominous  the  next 
morning,  when  about  eight  o'clock  one  hundred  or  so  Federals  dashed 
into  town  and  opened  a  furious  pistol  fusilade  upon  everything  in  sight. 
Seb.  Plattenburg  and  Will.   Redd  were  three  hundred  yards  from  their 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  417 

horses,  and  in  a  house  at  that,  and  busy  with  the  girls.  Jones  mounted 
his  men  and  fought  a  while  to  enable  the  two  unfortunate  cavaliers  to 
regain  their  steeds,  which  they  did  and  escaped  from  Dover  in  safety. 
The  enemy  then  pressed  Jones  rapidly  up  the  Lexington  road,  shot  his 
horse,  ran  Sid.  Martin  out  of  his  saddle,  but  were  finally  distanced  in  the 
race.  Lieut.  Plattenburg  and  Capt.  Redd  made  a  detour  around  Dover 
in  order  to  gain  this  same  Lexington  road  and  came  squarely  upon  the 
Federals  who  had  halted  in  their  pursuit  of  Jones'  party.  Mistaking 
them  for  friends,  as  almost  all  the  Confederates  wore  blue  overcoats  at 
that  time,  they  rode  boldly  into  their  ranks,  remarking:  'It's  all  right 
boys.  The  damned  melish  are  beaten  at  last. '  The  mistake,  however, 
soon  came  rudely  home  to  them,  and  they  were  dismounted  and  disarmed." 

BUSHWHACKERS  AT    BERLIN. 

The  Lexington  Weekly  Union  of  Sept.  19, 1863,  says:  "As  the  steamer 
Marcella,  on  her  upward  trip  on  Thursday  evening  last,  approached  Ber- 
lin Landing  in  Dover  township,  twelve  miles  below  this  city,  she  was 
ordered  to  land  by  about  sixty  bushwachers.  There  being  no  protection 
to  the  pilot  house,  and  about  fifty  revolvers  pointed  at  the  pilot,  he  coulddo 
nothing  but  obey.  The  boat  had  no  sooner  landed  than  she  was  boarded  by 
these  monsters.  They  robbed  the  boat  and  passengers  of  $900,  and  sev- 
ral  cases  of  boots  and  shoes,  clothing,  etc.  They  then  searched  the  boat 
and  found  four  soldiers,  belonging  to  Col.  Sigel's  regiment,  Fifth  M.  S. 
M.,  residents  of  this  city,  who  were  on  furlough  and  on  their  way  here. 
Their  names  were  Martin  Fisher,  Chas.  Waggoner,  Edvv'd  Knobbs,  Chris. 
Seelly.  They  took  them  off  the  boat  and  a  short  distance  into  the  woods, 
where  they  placed  them  in  line  and  inhumanly  fired  on  them.  Fisher, 
Knobbs  and  Seely,  were  killed  instantly;  but  Waggoner,  not  being  hit, 
ran  and  hid  and  finally  made  his  escape." 

CORDER. 

Corder  is  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  in  Dover  town- 
ship, and  was  laid  out  in  1878  and  incorporated  in  1881.  The  first  mayor 
was  G.  W.  Neithercut.  The  post  office  was  established  in  1878  with  W. 
J.  Leise  as  post  master.  He  also  built  the  first  house, and  owned  the  first 
store  in  the  town.  The  first  physician,  was  Dr.  Lewis  Carthrae,  who  had 
practiced  in  the  county  before  [coming  to  this  place.  The  first  religious 
service  was  held  in  the  school  house  by  the  Baptists.  The  first  minister 
was  Edward  Roth,  of  the  Baptist  church.  The  present  officers  are  Geo. 
Neithercut,  mayor;  Henry  Leise,  marshal;  Dr.  Lewis  Cathrae,  L.  Am- 
bruster,  H.  F.  Kleinmuck,  J.  W.  Dean,  council. 

JVieaPs  Cha-pcl,  Corder,  was  organized  in  1870.  The  names  of  the  orig- 
inal members  were  Lewis  Neal,  and  family,  W.  Barley  and  some  ten  or 
fifteen  others.     The  first  church  building  was  erected  in  1870,  and  is  of 


41 S  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

frame,  at  a  cost  of  $4,000.  It  was  dedicated  in  1S71  by  Bishop  Marvin. 
Their  pastors  have  been  J.  C.  Shackleford,  M.  Atkinson,  W.  F.  Camp, 
B.  Margason,  R.  H.  Laffer,  W.  T*.  Brown  and  W.  B.  McFarland.  The 
number  of  the  present  membership  about  100.  The  church  since  its 
organization  has  been  situated  about  half  mile  from  Corder,  but  is  now 
being  removed  to  Corder. 

Corder  Grange  was  instituted  by  Thomas  Allen,  in  the  year  1881. 
Nathan  Corder,  F.  S.  Burton,  John  Board,  L.  Frazier,  S.  B.  Shrader, 
Chas.  Burton,  Wm.  Corder,  H.  S.  Huffman,  Mack  Avitt,  F.  M.  Burton, 
Morton  Hilliard,  J.  C.  Board,  Chas.  Shrader,  Mrs.  F.  S.  Burton,  Mrs. 
Geo.  Corder,  Miss  Dora  Frazier,  Miss  Zoah  Avitt  and  Miss  R.  Corder 
were  charter  members,  and  the  first  officers,  were  Nathan  Corder,  W.  M. : 
F.  S.  Burton,  Overseer;  John  Board,  Lecturer;  S.  B.  Shrader,  Chaplin; 
Wm.  Corder,  Treasurer;  Chas.  Shrader,  Secretary;  L.  Frazier,  Steward; 
Chas.  Burton,  Assistant  Stewart;  H.  S.  Huffman,  Gate  Keeper;  Miss  R. 
Corder,  Pomona;  Dora  Frazier,  Ceres;  Mrs.  Geo.  Corder,  Flora,  Miss 
Zoah  Avitt,  Assistant  Steward.  The  number  of  present  membership  is 
eighteen. 

LONG    GROVE    SETTLEMENT. 

From  Joseph  H.  Page,  son  of  Alexander  H.  Page,  one  of  the  early  pio- 
neers of  this  township,  the  following  information  was  obtained: 

The  earliest  settlers  in  this  neighborhood  were  Martin  Warren  and  son. 
who  arrived  in  1S24,  and  located  on  section  23,  township  50,  range  26. 
The  next  to  appear  were  Samuel  Walker,  Adam  Sensibaugh,  John  Ennis, 
Thomas  Bucklev,  Richard  Collins,  and  Mr.  Welch,  who  were  natives  of 
Kentuckv  and  came  there  in  1826,  locating  on  or  near  section  26.  Alex- 
ander H.  Page,  also  of  Kentucky,  located  there  in  1827,  upon  section  23. 
The  first  marriage  ceremony  performed  was  that  of  William  Johnson  and 
Peggv  Ennis,  1S2S,  at  the  residence  of  the  bride's  father.  The  knot  was 
tied  by  Duke  Young.  The  usual  custom  of  "  running  for  the  bottle  "  at 
weddings,  was  indulged  in,  and  the  prize  was  won  by  Granville  Page. 
This  curious  custom  is  described  as  follows:  A  bottle  of  whisky,  with  a 
red  ribbon  tied  around  its  neck  and  called  "  Black  Betty  "  was  the  prize. 
The  contestants  would  start  on  Ihorseback  from  the  house  where  the 
"  infair"  was  to  be  held  and  run  to  meet  the  bride  and  groom.  The  one 
who  first  met  them  was  declared  the  winner,  and  had  the  pleasure  of  pre- 
senting "  Black  Bettv  "  to  the  parson,  who  took  the  first  drink,  then  to  the 
bride,  then  to  the  groom,  etc.  All  drank  from  the  same  bottle.  Whole 
settlements  came  without  invitation  and  all  were  made  welcome  and  had  a 
merrv  time,  usually  terminating  the  proceedings  with  a  dance. 

Lafayette  Collins,  son  of  Richard  and  Katy  Collins,  born  in  1827,  is 
reported  as  being  the  first  male  child  born  in  the  settlement.     He  went  to 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  419 

Texas.  The  first  death  occurred  in  1830,  that  of  Sarah  Page,  wife  of  A. 
H.  Page.  She  was  buried  in  the  Page  family  burying  ground.  The  next 
was  that  of  the  wife  of  Martin  Warren,  occurring  in  1830  or  '31.  Mrs. 
Dillingham  died  in  1832.  The  first  regular  phvsician  who  located 
there  was  Dr.  Ward.  He  came  from  Lexington  and  died  some  years 
ago.  The  next  was  Dr.  Buck,  also  now  dead;  and  afterwards  Drs.  Flour- 
noy,  Percival,  and  others.  Among  the  first  ministers  was  Finis  Ewing, 
who  conducted  the  first  religious  services  in  a  neighbor's  house.  Servi- 
ces were  held  in  private  houses  until  1S25,  when  a  church  was  erected, 
where  Dover)  nowl  stands,  by  the  Methodists  and  Reformers.  It  was 
constructed  of  logs  and  services  were  held  in  it  bv  all  of  the  different 
denominations.  The  first  school  numbered  about  eighteen  pupils  and  was 
taught  on  the  premises  of  John  Ennis,  bv  Mr.  Gilliam,  and  others.  Ses- 
sions were  held  during  twenty-six  days  of  the  month  aud  the  tuition  was 
one  dollar  per  pupil,  per  month.  The  first  school  house  was  built  on  sec- 
tion 26,  (John  Ennis"  land  >.  Was  constructed  of  logs  and  built  bv  the 
community,  who  contributed  both  labor  and  material.  No  money  was 
expended.  The  settlers  raised  their  own  cotton,  flax,  wool,  etc.,  and  each 
family  did  its  own  weaving.  Mr.  Parkinson  in  Tabo  Grove  and  Johnny 
Nelson,  south  of  Lexington,  each  operated  a  cotton-gin.  Supplies  were 
procured  at  Lexington.  Goods  were  hauled  from  Arrow  Rock  and  Old 
Franklin  to  Lexington. 

Indians  were  numerous  in  early  days,  of  a  peaceable  character,  how- 
ever, though  given  to  theft.  The  following  good  joke  is  told  on  a  party 
of  settlers  who  were  in  pursuit  of  an  Indian  who  had  stolen  a  horse  from 
one  of  them:  They  had  succeeded  in  apprehending  him  and  were  bring- 
ing him  back  to  the  settlement.  The  red  man  professed  to  be  very  peni- 
tent, and  so  won  upon  the  sympathy  of  his  captors  that  they  allowed  him 
considerable  liberty.  One  night  while  encamped  on  the  Blackwater,  as 
he  was  assisting  them  to  gather  firewood,  he  gave  them  the  slip,  and 
secreted  himselt,  as  they  afterwards  ascertained,  in  some  drift-wood  in  the 
creek,  just  allowing  his  head  to  project  above  the  water,  where  he  remained 
until  they  had  ceased  hunting  for  him  and  the  camp  had  become  quiet. 
He  then  emerged  from  his  hiding  place,  secured  another  and  better  horse 
from  the  camp,  with  which  he  succeeded  in  making  his  way  to  his  tribe. 

Game  was  plenty.  Chris,  Mulkev,  in  1826,  killed  five  deer  before  sun- 
rise, where  Mr.  Page  now  lives.  Bears,  panthers,  catamounts  and  elk 
were  plenty,  and  "  wolves  by  the  acre,"  as  "  Uncle  "  Joe  Page  savs.  A 
panther  killed  a  hog  weighing  J  50  pounds  and  covered  it  with  grass,  near 
Uncle  Joe's  residence.     Hunters  watched  for  it,  but  it  did  not  return. 

The  old-fashioned  flint-lock  rifle  was  the  weapon  used  at  that  time.  On 
the  4th  of  July  it  was  customarv  to  organize  a  grand  hunt,  the  proceeds 
of  which  went  to  furnish  the  barbecue  which  was  invariably  had  after- 


420  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

wards.  Candidates  and  others  would  furnish  funds  to  pay  necessary- 
expenses. 

Flour  and  meal  were  procured  at  the  mill  of  Solomon  Cox,  near  Dover, 
also  at  Jonesboro,  Saline  county.  In  1829  Dick  Collins  and  John  Ennis 
built  a  horse-mill  on  the  farm  of  the  latter.  Sifters  were  made  either  of 
horse-hairs  or  deer-skins. 

Company  musters  were  held  at  Johnson's  Grove,  and  general  musters 
at  Swift's  place,  five  miles  south  of  Lexington.  Gen.  Graham  was  in  com- 
mand. The  captains  were  Mock,  Graham,  Dowden,  and  others.  Three 
hundred  and  six  Shawnee  Indians  under  a  brother  of  that  noted  Indian 
chief,  Tecumseh,  were  encamped  for  a  short  time  on  Tabo  creek,  in  1828. 
They  were  going  west. 

Johnson's  grove  settlement. 

This  settlement  is  situated  on  the  line  between  Davis  and  Dover  town- 
ships, and  derives  its  name  from  the  original  settlers — the  two  William 
Johnsons,  cousins— who  located  there  in  the  years  of  1827  and  1828.  Up 
to  the  year  1835— according  to  information  received  from  Mr.  O.  K.  Burns 
— no  other  settlers  appeared  in  the  neighborhood.      About  that  time  Mr. 

Simpson,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  settled  there,  and  in  1841  William 

Burns,  of  Virginia,  and  Wm.  Bell  and  Joseph  Roberts,  of  Kentucky, 
located  near  there. 

The  first  regular  physician  who  came  there  was  Dr.  W.  I.  Seeber,  who 
appeared  in  1842  or  '43.  He  died  in  April,  1872.  The  first  church  was 
built  in  1844,  under  the  united  auspices  of  the  different  denominations  rep- 
resented in  the  settlement,  and  was  named  "  Oakland  Church."  It  was 
torn  down  in  1880. 

The  first  religious  services  were  held  in  this  church,  conducted  by  Dr. 
J.  L.  Yantis,  old  school  Presbyterian.  Occasionally  a  Methodist  circuit 
rider  would  pass  that  way  and  hold  services.  Prior  to  the  building  of  this 
church  the  people  worshiped  at  Dover  village,  ten  miles  away. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  1841,  in  the  log  cabin  of  Mr.  O.  K. 
Burns,  in  Davis  township.  It  consisted  of  seventeen  pupils,  taught  by 
Mr.  Harris,  now  a  lawyer  of  Brunswick,  Chariton  county,  Mo.,  at  a  com- 
pensation of  one  dollar  per  pupil  per  month — it  being  a  private  enter- 
prise. The  first  school  house  was  built  of  logs,  near  Oakland  church,  in 
1842  or  '43,  and  was  built  out  of  funds  subscribed  by  the  community.  It 
cost  about  $40,  exclusive  of  the  labor  contributed.  About  this  time  Oak-^ 
land  postoffice  was  established  in  this  neighborhood,  with  M.  C.  Burns  as 
postmaster.  This  has  since  been  discontinued.  Prior  to  its  establishment 
the  nearest  office  was  Dover. 

The  first  regularly  laid  out  roads  in  this  section  were  the  Salt  Pond  and 
Lexington,  and  the  Lexington   and  Georgetown  roads.      Supplies  were 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  421 

procured  at  Lexington  and  Dover.  The  nearest  flouring  mills  were 
"Brown's"  mill  in  Saline  county,  and  "Webb's"  horse-mill  at  Dover. 
The  settlers  frequently  had  enough  corn  and  wheat  ground  at  a  time  to 
last  them  six  months.  A  few  Indians,  of  a  peaceable  character,  however, 
were  encamped  near  by,  in  that  early  day.  Game  was  scarce — a  few  deer, 
turkeys,  etc.  In  1832  or  '33  a  traveler  was  attacked  by  a  panther,  eight 
miles  east  of  Johnson's  Grove,  on  the  Salt  Pond  and  Lexington  road.  He 
escaped  to  the  settlement,  and  in  company  with  the  Johnsons  and  others 
returned  and  killed  two.     These  were  the  last  seen  in  that  vicinity. 

In  1863,  a  bushwhacker  was  caught  by  some  militiamen — his  horse 
having  stumbled  over  a  negroe's  grave,  thus  enabling  his  pursuers  to 
come  up  with  him — tied  to  a  tree  in  front  of  Oaklend  church  and  shot. 
A  few  moments  prior  to  the  execution  he  rather  irreverently  remarked 
that  "  a  d — d  nigger,  whether  dead  or  alive,  was  always  in  the  way." 

Two  Federal  soldiers,  belonging  to  Deitzler's  Regt.,  Kansas,  were 
killed  in  1862  at  Tabo  bridge  in  the  southern  part  of  Dover  township,  on 
the  Georgetown  road,  by  Charles  Petite  and  Thomas  Paine.  One  other 
was  severely  wounded.  The  Federals  were  gathering  up  horses  and 
other  plunder  and  taking  them  to  Kansas. 

Bethel  Church  was  organized  sometime  in  1871.  The  original  mem- 
bers were  Dr.  Bull,  Jackson  Corder  and  wife,  W.  R.  Finch  and  wife  and 
about  10  others.  The  first  church  building  was  erected  in  1878,  of  frame, 
at  a  cost  of  $800.  It  was  dedicated  in  1878  by  M.  M.  Pugh.  Their 
pastors  have  been  R.  H.  Shaffer,  W.  T.  Brown,  W.  B.  McFarland.  The 
present  membership  is  about  30.  There  is  a  nice  lot  of  ground  included 
with  this  church. 

Lafayette  Grange  No.  305  was  instituted  by  Thomas  Allen  in  1873, 
which  was  the  date  of  dispensation.  The  names  of  the  charter  members 
are  Dr.  W.  C.  Webb,  J.  G.  Webb,  Isaac  Neale,  E.  Roth,  G.  K.  Camp- 
bell and  wife,  and  Jacob  Zantameyer.  The  first  officers  were  Dr.  W.  C. 
Webb,  Master;  Richard  Barley,  Secretary;  J.  G.  Webb,  Treasurer. 
Names  of  the  present  officers  are  Isaac  Neal,  Master;  G.  K.  Campbell, 
Overseer;  W.  G.  Neale,  Secretary;  J.  G.  Webb,  Treasurer;  Hon.  W.  H. 
Carter,  Lecturer;  N.J.  Davis,  Chaplain;  Mrs.  E.  Roth,  Ceres;  Mrs.  M.J. 
Campbell,  Pomona;  Mrs.  Jacob  Zantameyer,  Flora.  Number  of  present 
membership  is  60;  have  no  hall  but  lease  the  brick  school  house  on  the 
the  nw  \  of  Sec.  15,  50,  25.     Lodge  in  good  condition 


422  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

FREEDOM  TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  was  first  named  and  described  at  a  session  of  the  county- 
court,  June  11,  1832;  but  who  proposed  it  does  not  appear.  After  deffn 
ing  the  boundaries,  etc.,  the  court  ordered  that  the  elections  for  this 
township  should  be  held  at  the  house  of  James  Wilkinson;  and  that 
Samuel  Scott,  Thomas  Mulky  and  Elisha  Blevins  should  be  judges.  But 
for  some  reason  or  other  this  intended  first  township  election  was  never 
held;  and  we  find  that  on  May  27th,  1833,  the  court  appointed  Livingston 
Wilkinson  to  be  constable  of  Freedom  township  until  the  next  general 
election. 

At  the  next  term  of  court,  which  was  held  in  August,  the  boundary- 
lines  of  Freedom  township  were  changed  a  little  from  those  first  given, 
and  we  now  copy  the  record:  "  Beginning  where  Davis"1  fork  crosses  the 
eastern  county  line,  thence  up  the  same  (stream)  to  the  line  between 
Ranges  25  and  26;  thence  south  to  the  middle  of  township  45;  thence  due 
east  to  the  line  between  Saline  and  Lafayette  counties;  thence  north  with 
said  line  to  the  place  of  beginning.  Supposed  to  contain  about  thirty- 
taxable  inhabitants." 

We  find  nothing  more  from  Freedom  township  until  May  7th,  1834, 
when  it  is  "  Ordered,  that  Thomas  Mulky,  Amos  Horn  and  John  M. 
Walker  be  appointed  judges  of  the  elections  in  Freedom  township  for 
two  years." 

In  this  year,  1834,  Johnson  county  was  erected,  thus  fixing  the  present 
southern  boundary  line  of  Lafayette  county,  which  is  also  the  south  line 
of  Freedom  township.  And  about  the  same  time  nine  more  sections 
were  added  on  to  the  west  end,  thus  completing  the  territorial  area  of 
the  township  as  it  now  stands. 

SETTLEMENT. 

It  appears  that  the  first  settler  in  the  territory  which  now  constitutes 
Freedom  township,  was  Patrick  Henry,  who  located  in  the  eastern  part, 
about  the  year  1825.  Shortly  after  Samuel  and  John  Scott  appeared  and 
settled  in  the  western  part.  James  and  Chris  Mulkey  also  at  an  early 
day,  located  in  Mulkey's  Grove,  two  and  a  half  miles  south  of  the  present 
site  of  Aullville.  Among  others  who  may  be  considered  as  early  settlers, 
were:  Dr.  Davis,  Nat.  Davis,  William  Davis,  David  Mock,  Jacob  Phillip, 
George  and  David  Welborn,  Brooks  Wellington,  John  Walker,  James 
Atterberry,  and  Daniel  Greenwood.  These  settled  principally  on  and 
around  the  site  of  the  old  town  of  Freedom,  a  short  sketch  of  which  is 
given  elsewhere. 

Scott  Grave  Tard,   consisting  of    one  acre  of  ground  is  located  on  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  423 

southwest  quarter  of  section  22,  township  48,  range  25.  Jesse  Scott  was 
among  the  first  who  were  buried  there. 

Mr.  Wm.  Bright  of  Freedom  township,  furnishes  the  following  items 
of  early  history: 

Joseph  Johnson,  of  Indiana,  but  a  native  of  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  the  township  where  he  came  in  1829.  Noah  Rigg  in  the 
same  year  settled  on  the  same  section  13,  township  48,  range  24.  Then 
Wm.  Bright  bought  Noah  Rigg's  farm,  and  entered  balance  of  the  section 
13,  township  48,  range  24.  The  first  marriage  was  of  Noah  Rigg  to 
Elizabeth  Johnson,  by  Joseph  Johnson.  Joseph  Rigg  was  the  first  male 
child— son  of  Noah  Rigg,  and  Elizabeth,  his  wife.  The  first  female 
child  was  Ellen  Bright,  daughter  of  William  and  Artimesia  Bright.  Ellen 
Bright's  was  also  the  first  death  in  the  township,  buried  at  the  old 
Johnson  grave  yard.  Dr.  Thornton  was  the  first  regular  physician,  who 
came  to  Missouri  from  Kentucky.  The  first  school  was  in  an  old  school 
house  on  Wm.  Bright's  farm,  and  James  Campbell  was  the  first  teacher. 
He  is  now  living  in  Brownsville,  in  Saline  county.  This  old  school  house, 
on  the  Wm.  Bright  farm,  was  built  of  logs,  by  the  neighbors,  and  did  not 
cost  much.  In  these  early  times  there  were  no  regular  roads,  and  all 
obtained  supplies  from  Lexington. 

CONCORDIA. 

The  city  of  Concordia  is  situated  on  the  Lexington  and  St.  Louis  R.  R., 
twenty-five  miles  southeast  of  Lexington,  on  section  4,  township  48,  range 
24.  In  1856,  before  the  town  was  laid  out,  a  grist  mill  was  built  upon  its 
present  site,  by  Henry  Flandermeyer  and  Lewis  Bergmann,  costing 
$3,000.  This  was  burned  in  1859.  The  next  building  erected  was  a 
blacksmith  shop,  built  and  operated  by  Frederick  Henricks,  in  1858, 
which  is  still  standing,  (1881).  During  the  same  year,  Henry  and  August 
Brockhoff  put  up  the  first  dry  goods  and  grocery  store,  consisting  of  a 
frame  building  25x40  feet  and  one  and  a  half  stories  in  height. 

Messrs.  Hackman  and  Detert  built  the  second  general  merchandise 
store,  a  large  two  story  frame  building,  now  occupied  by  the  Widow 
Detert.  Henry  Meinecke  put  up  and  operated  the  first  hotel,  on  what  is 
now  the  corner  of  St.  Louis  and  Bogg  streets. 

These  were  the  principal  business  houses  built  upon  the  town  site, 
before  the  town  was  organized. 

The  town  plat  was  surveyed  and  laid  out  in  1868,  by  a  joint  stock  com- 
pany, consisting  of  Major  G.  P.  Gordon,  Henry  Detert,  Col.  Geo.  S. 
Rathburn,  Peter  and  Harmon  Uphouse,  and  Henry  Westerhouse. 

A  post  office  was  established  here  in  1870,  of  which  August  Heckman 
was  first  post  master. 


424  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

The  town  was  incorporated  Jan.  3,  1877,  with  John  Smith  as  its  first 
mayor. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  of  brick,  in  1874,  at  a  cost  of  $1,300. 
The  school  consisted  of  about  fifty  pupils,  and  was  first  taught  by  Mr. 
Wm.  F.  Walkenhorst,  at  a  salary  of  $50  per  month. 

Dr.  F.  L.  Flanders  was  the  first  resident  physician.  He  came  from 
Illinois,  and  is  now  (1881)  located  in  Kansas  City. 

The  first  religious  services  were  held  by  the  Methodists,  conducted  by 
the  Rev.  C.  Bruegger.  The  municipal  officers  for  the  present  year  (1881), 
are  as  follows:  Henry  Ficken,  mayor;  Chas.  Bergman,  Henry  Meyer, 
A.  E.  Brunes  and  M.  Brunes,  councilmen;  E.  F.  Ninas,  marshal;  and  F. 
H.  Bartman,  treasurer  and  collector.  The  inhabitants  are  principally  of 
German  descent  and  numbered  according  to  an  official  bulletin  of  the  U. 
S.  census  of  June  1,  1880,  three  hundred  and  ninety-one  (391).  Actual 
residents,  however,  give  the  population  at  the  present  time,  Aug.  1,  1881, 
between  six  and  seven  hundred. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  different  branches  of  business  repre- 
sented, as  complete  as  can  be  made  from  the  data  in  our  possession: 

Dry  goods,  5;  groceries,  5;  lumber  dealers,  2;  blacksmiths,  3;  shoemak- 
ers, 2 ;  harness  -and  saddlery,  1 ;  bank,  1 ;  boot  and  shoe,  2 ;  furniture  dealers, 
2;  flouring  mills,  2;  saloons,  4;  butchers,  2;  barber,  1;  livery  stable  1; 
drug,  2;  hardware  and  agricultural  implements,  3;  hotels,  3;  physicians,  4; 
millinery,  1. 

The  German  Baptist  Church  at  Concordia,  was  organized  in  the  year 
1851.  The  names  of  the  original  members  were:  C.  Kresse  and  wife, 
Henriette  Kresse,  A.  Schlaemann  and  wife,  Maria  Schlaemann,  P.  Brand 
and  wife,  Anna  M.  Brand,  Henry  Uphaus  and  wife,  Mary  Uphaus,  Cas- 
per Holtcamp  and  wife,  Mary  Holtcamp.  The  first  church  building  was 
erected  in  1865,  of  frame,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  It  was  dedicated  in  1865 
by  Rev.  A.  Hausler,  A.  Hoffman,  and  C.  Werner.  The  pastors'  names 
were:  C.  Kresse,  C.  Werner,  A.  Hausler,  and  C.  Schoemaker.  The 
present  number  of  membership  is  112.  This  church  has  two  meeting 
houses,  this  one,  and  one  in  Concordia,  the  last  erected  in  1873.  Preach- 
ing and  sunday  school  at  both  places  every  Sunday.  Of  the  original  mem- 
bers, six  persons  are  still  living,  one  is  101  years  old. 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran,  Cross  Church,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  H. 
P.  Wille,  is  located  about  four  miles  east  of  Concordia,  in  Freedom  town- 
ship, and  was  organized  in  the  year  1864.  The  names  of  all  the  original 
members  could  not  be  obtained.  The  number,  however,  in  all  was 
twenty-eight,  among  whom  were,  Frederick  Beermann  and  family,  Diet- 
rich Oetting  and  family,  Henry  Rotenburg  and  family,  Henry  Heermann, 
John  Fuchsing,  and  Phil.  Pinkfawk.  The  first  house  was  built  in  1865  of 
logs.      The  present  building  was   erected  in  1868,  is  a  frame,   and    cost 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  425 

$2,000.  It  was  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Biltz.  The  names  of 
the  successive  pastors  of  the  church  were,  J.  F.  Biltz,  H.  Bartens,  and  H. 
P.  Wille.  The  number  of  members  is  about  four  hundred,  with  seventy- 
six  voting  male  members.  The  congregation  owns  and  sustains  a  paro- 
chial school,  with  a  permanent  teacher,  and  owns  the  necessary  buildings 
for  school  purposes,  and  dwelling  house  for  teacher.  It  also  owns  and 
keeps  up  a  parsonage  and  graveyard;  owning  in  all  forty  acres  of  land. 

The  Evangelical  Bethel  Church,  of  Concordia  was  organized  in  1872. 
The  original  members  were  H.  H.  Klingenberg,  Wm.  Sodemann,  Henry 
Meyer,  F.  C.  Cook,  J.  P.  Lohoefeuer,  P.  Steimman,  H.  Droege,  and  P. 
Esselmann.  The  building  now  occupied  by  this  congregation  is  a  frame 
one  built  in  1872,  and  costing  $1,000.  It  was  dedicated  in  same  year  by 
the  Rev.  H.  Hoefer.  The  following  named  pastors  have  officiated  since 
the  organization:  H.  Hoefer,  F.  Frankenfeld,  H.  Torbitzky,  Rev.. 
Haenelt  and  C.  Kantz,  who  is  the  present  incumbent.  Present  member- 
ship is  thirty. 

The  Concordia  Library  Society  was  organized  in  1880,  and  is  composed 
of  eighteen  members,  of  whom  the  following  are  the  present  officers:  W. 
F.  Walkenhorst,  president;  D.  H.  Smith,  librarian;  F.  H.  Bartman,, 
treasurer.  The  object  of  this  society,  a  very  laudable  one,  is  to  prepare  a 
resort  for  the  youth  of  the  city,  and  to  place  before  them  suitable  books 
for  their  perusal,  which  will  tend  to  keep  them  from  frequenting  grog 
shops,  saloons,  and  other  disreputable  places.  They  have  already  pur- 
chased, as  a  nucleus,  fifty  volumes  of  miscellaneous  literature,  consisting 
of  books  of  travel,  biographies,  histories,  first-class  novels,  etc.  The  inten- 
tion is  to  increase  their  collection  as  fast  as  possible. 

Herman  Lodge  No.  380,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Concordia,  was  instituted  Janu- 
ary 1,  1878,  by  H.  Sinaner,  D.  D.  G.  M.  The  date  of  the  charter  is  May 
23,  1878.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  charter  members:  E.  F. 
Ninas,  Henry  Meyer,  William  Lodeman,  Gustave  Wohrenbrock,  Henry 
Ficken,  H.  W.  Thieman,  W.  F.  Walkenhorst,  J.  H.  Powell,  J.  W.  Wal- 
kenhorst. Names  of  the  first  officers:  E.  F.  Ninas,  N.  G.;  H.  W.  Thie- 
man, V.  G.;  H.  Ficken,  secretary;  Gustave  Walkenbrock,  treasurer. 
The  present  officers  are  E.  A.  Taylor,  N.  G. ;  C.  W.  Kernerly,  V.  G.; 
A.  Nelgner,  secretary;  J.  H.  Powell,  treasurer.  The  number  of  mem- 
bers is  twenty-seven.  There  are  no  grand  lodge  members.  The  house 
is  a  frame. 

A  flouring  mill  was  built  by  Henry  Baepler  &  Sons,  in  1877;  two  and 
one-half  stories  high,  with  basement;  costing  $10,300.  Amount  of  pro- 
ducts last  year  was  4000  bbl  flour,  which  was  principally  sold  in  markets 
of  St.  Louis  at  $5.00  per  barrel.  This  milLwas  shipped  from  California, 
Missouri,  at  a  cost  of  $2,500. 

A  flouring  mill  was  built  in  Concordia,   by    Mr.  John  Q.  Klingenbrog. 


426  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

A  frame  cased  with  brick,  three  stories  high,  with  basement,  and  the  capi- 
tal invested  in  the  mill  and  grounds,  machinery,  etc.,  is  $10,000.  Employs 
three  hands.  The  products  of  the  past  year  was  4000  barrels  flour,  the 
market  value  of  which  was  $5.25  per  barrel;  partly  sold  at  home  and 
partly  at  St.  Louis.     Also  manufactures  corn  meal  and  shipstufF. 

ROBBERY  OF  THE  CONCORDIA  BANK. 

One  of  the  most  daring  of  the  numerous  robberies  which  have  occurred 
in  various  localities  during  the  last  few  years,  was  that  of  the  bank  at  Con- 
cordia, of  which  the  following  is  a  brief  statement:  On  the  29th  of 
August,  1878,  at  one  and  a  half  o'clock,  while  the  cashier,  Mr.  Henry 
Ficken,  was  seated  at  his  desk  engaged  in  writing,  two  men  presented 
themselves  at  the  counter  and  one  of  them  asked  for  change  for  a  bill 
which  he  threw  down.  Mr.  F.  turned  to  the  money  drawer  to  accommo- 
date him,  and  while  his  back  was  turned,  the  robber,  a  powerful  fellow, 
jumped  over  the  counter,  seized  Mr.  Ficken  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render 
him  powerless  to  move  or  cry  out.  Robber  number  two  then  presented 
a  pistol  at  his  head  and  demanded  the  money.  They  compelled  him  to 
open  the  safe,  took  out  the  contents,  which  amounted  to  about  $4,000, 
placed  them  in  a  flour  sack,  and  with  a  confederate  who  had  been  guard- 
ing the  entrance,  on  the  outside,  succeeded  in  making  their  escape  with 
their  booty,  upon  horses  which  had  been  previously  hitched  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  bank. 

In  July,  1863,  a  party  of  about  thirty-five  bushwhackers  came  across 
Davis  creek,  to  where  Concordia  now  stands,  and  killed  Lewis  Fiene, 
Wm.  Schornhorst,  D.  Karston,  and  Conrad  Brunes.  They  were  made 
to  stand  up  in  a  row,  and  when  the  shooting  at  them  commenced  some 
started  to  run,  but  they  were  all  killed. 

On  the  10th  of  October,  1864,  the  citizens  of  Concordia  were  thrown 
into  consternation,  bythe  report  that  a  party  of  bushwhackers  were  in  the 
neighborhood.  The  alarm  was  given  by  the  blowing  of  a  horn.  The 
citizens  gathered  at  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  a  company,  numbering 
about  100  men,  was  rapidly  organized,  under  the  command  of  Capt. 
Pepper  and  Lieut.  Stunkle.  About  fifty  were  mounted.  They  started 
in  pursuit  of  the  bushwhackers,  the  mounted  men  dividing  into  two 
parties,  of  about  twenty-five  each,  the  one  going  east,  and  the  other  north- 
east, in  order  to  head  them  off  before  crossing  Davis  creek.  The  party 
which  went  east  encountered  the  enemy,  about  100  strong,  and  observing 
the  inequality  of  numbers,  immediately  turned,  and  fled  toward  the  settle- 
ment, closely  pursued  by  the  bushwhackers,  who  shot  them  down  along 
the  way.  Only  five  or  six  escaped.  The  following  is  an  incomplete  list 
of  the  murdered:  Capt.  George  Pepper,  Lieut.  Lewis  Stunkle,  F.  Walk- 
enhorst,  Fritz  Brunes,  Henry  Brunes,. Fritz  Meyer,  C.  Wahrenbrock,  H. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  427 

Wolters,  H.  Friday,  Henry  Reiter,  William  Bodenstab,  H.  Deus,  Henry 
Grotmann,  Fritz  Detner,  Fritz  Brockman,  William  Brockman,  Henry  Meins, 
and  D.  Carsons.  H.  Dickenhorst,  Judge  Prigmore,  and  Henry  Vrede,  were 
killed  at  their  homes,  on  the  same  day,  and  by  the  same  bushwhackers. 

The  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  situated  one  half  mile 
north  of  Concordia,  was  organized  in  1S44.  The  original  members  were 
J.  H.  Brunes,  Conrad  Stuenkel,  Fritz  Smenkel,  J.  H.  Brackman,  Fritz 
Frerking,  Christ.  Liever,  F.  Fiene,  H.  Hartman,  Louis  Evers,  G.  F.  Rake 
and  H.  Frank. 

The  first  building  occupied  by  this  congregation  was  built  of  logs, 
erected  in  1844,  and  cost  $200.  The  dedicatory  services  were  conducted 
by  Christ.  Liever,  a  teacher. 

In  1859,  a  brick  edifice  was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  It  was  par- 
tially rebuilt  in  1880,  with  an  additional  expenditure  of  $4,500.  This 
building  was  dedicated  in  1860,  by  the  Revs.  G.  Johannes,  M.  Hahn,  and 

F.  J.  Biltz. 

The  successive  pastors  are  as  follows:     A.  Franke,  eight  years; 

Quast,  two  years;  N.  Volkert,  one  year,  and  the  Rev.  F.  J.  Biltz,  the 
pastor,  who  has  occupied  the  pulpit  since  1860. 

The  present  number  of  communicants  is  500.  Three  parochial  schools 
have  been  established  in  connection  with  this  church,  numbering  respec- 
tively, 35,  44,  and  100  pupils. 

A  short  time  since  a  pipe  organ  was  purchased  by  the  congregation,  at 
an  expense  of  $1,200,  which  sum  is  included  in  the  cost  of  the  church,  as 
given  above. 

Parochial  School. — This  school,  situated  one-half  mile  north  of  Con- 
cordia, was  established  by,  and  is  under  the  auspices  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  The  present  building  was  erected  in  1865,  and  has  a  capacity 
for  seating  and  accomodating  eighty  pupils.  Mr.  Max  Browning  was  the 
first  teacher.  The  rapid  increase  of  pupils  has  necessitated  the  erection 
of  a  larger  building,  preparations  for  which  are  rapidly  going  forward. 

THE  TOWN    OF    AULLVILLE. 

was  founded  by  Hall  Hungate  and  C.  B.  Russell  in  July,  1869,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1876.  The  first  mayor  was  James  H.  Barnes.  The  first 
postoffice  was  established  in  1871,  with  M.  T.  Hartman  as  post-master. 
The  first  business  house  was  built  by  Bell  &  Erskin.  The  first  school- 
house  was  built  in  ls>73,  and  cost  $1,500.*  The  first  school  was  taught 
by  Miss  Lilly  Tolbert,  for  which  she  received  twentv-five  dollars  per  month. 
Her  school  numbered  sixteen  pupils.  The  first  marriage  was  Wm.  C. 
Price,  of  Lexington.     The  first  male  child  born  was  John  Ennis,  son  of 

G.  M.  and  Tenny  Ennis,  born  1871.      The  first  female  child  was  Nola, 

*The  present  board  of  directors  are  Dr.  T-  J  Watson,  John  Cooksey,  James  Barnes, 
and  Edward  Williams,  with  T.  H.  Fitzgerale  as  president. 


428  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

daughter  of  John  W.  and  Franky  Endley.  The  first  death  occurring  was 
Mrs.  Miller,  died  July,  1872.  The  first  physician  was  M.  T.  Hartman,  who 
was  a  native  of  the  county  and  is  still  a  resident  of  the  village.  The  first 
religious  service  was  held  on  the  second  floor  of  Mr.  Geo.  Emn's  store 
building,  by  the  missionary  Baptists.  The  first  minister  was  Rev.  E. 
Roth.  The  town  officers  are:  for  council,  T.  H.  Fitzgerale,  Chas.  Man, 
J.  J.  Cookey,  Ed.  McVey,  G.  Roberts,  Alfred  Major.  Abner  More  built 
the  first  dwelling  house. 

Mulkey  Creek  was  so  named  for  Christopher  Mulkey,  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  the  county. 

The  Christain  Church,  at  Aullville  was  organized  in  1850,  at  the  house 
of  Robert  Littlejohn.  The  original  members  were  R.  T.  Littlejohn,  Joseph 
Major,  C.  Young,  Jerome  Greer,  Wm.  Lemmons,  Joseph  Major,  Senior, 
Wm.  L.  Bullard,  Patrick  Woods,  S.  S.  Burton,  and  families. 

This  congregation  held  its  first  meeting  at  the  house  of  Robert  Littlejohn, 
and  the  second  in  a  grove  near  his  house,  and  for  several  years  afterwards 
in  a  school  house  near  by.  They  then  built  a  small  church  at  a  little 
village  named  Bethany  Church,  near  Aullville,  in  which  their  services 
were  held  until  1875,  when  a  frame  building  was  erected  in  Aullville,  at  a 
cost  of  $1,800,  which  was  dedicated  in  the  same  year,  the  Revs.  James 
McHatten  and  Thos.  Hancock  conducting  the  services. 

The  successive  pastors  are  as  follows:  Allen  Wright,  John  W.  McGar- 
vey,  G.  W.  Langen,  George  W.  Plattenburgh,  C.   A.  Hedrick,  Samuel 

McDaniel,  D.  Greenfield,  E.  A.  Slater, Sanford,  Hiram  Bledsoe, 

Proctor,  and Carl.     Present  membership,  65. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Aullville  was  organized  in  the  year 
1871,  by  W.  H.  Powell.  The  first  members  were:  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  A. 
Elliott,  T.  H.  and  M.  E.  Fitzgeral,  Mr.  Cleveland,  Isaac  McDey,  Sallie 
McDey,  Eliza  McDey,  Isaac  Reed,  E.  A.  Reed,  Mary  Wilson,  Cynthia 
Calhoun,  and  Isaac  McClure.  A  frame  church  was  built  in  1871,  at  a 
cost  of  $700,  and  was  dedicated  about  the  year  1875,  by  W.  K.  Marshall. 

The  following  are  the  successive  ministers  that  have  been  in  charge: 
W.  W.  Powell,  G.  P.  Sullivan,  E.  Kelley,  James  I.  Porter,  Samuel  Jones, 
Olan  B.  Jones,  Jno.  W.  Acres,  and  Stanford  Ing.  The  present  member- 
ship is  thirty-six.  Before  the  church  was  built  meetings  were  held  in  a 
shoe  shop. 

Aullville  Lodge,  No.  4.64,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  instituted  by  Zenophon 
Reyland,  P.  G.  M.  of  dispensation  dated  Nov.  15,  1872. 

Charter  was  issued  Oct.  16  1873.  The  following  were  the  first  officers 
and  charter  members:  Lewis  Carthrae,  W.  M.;  C.  A.  Graham,  S.  W; 
John  W.  Weeks  J.  W.;  James  F.  Downing,  treasurer;  W.  C.  Orear,  sec- 
retary; George  Osborn,  S.  D.;  Alex  Osborn,  J.  D,;  M.  M.  Gladdish,  tyler; 
John  Snyder,  C.  C.  Mitchell,  and  Robert  Littlejohn. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  429 

The  present  officers  are:  B.  R.  Bams,  W.  M.;  E.  A.  Williams,  S.  W.; 
James  H.  Bams,  J.  W.;John  W.  Brown,  treasurer;  J.  Redeck,  secretery, 
M.  M.  Gladdish,  S.  D.;  C.  A.  Graham,  J.  D.;  Geo.  W.  Trent,  tyler.  Pres- 
ent membership,  26.     Hall  was  built  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000. 

Jlouring  Mills.— -In  1876  Dr.  J.  T.  Watson  established  the  mill  now 
owned  by  Major  &  Ridgeway.  It  is  frame,  with  brick  basement,  and  cost 
about  $2,500;  the  machinery  cost  about  $4,000;  three  hands  are  em- 
ployed. The  product  last  year,  1880-81,  was  3,200  barrels  of  flour,  sold  to 
surrounding  towns  and  some  shipped  to  St.  Louis. 

Squire  Lillard  has  a  spring  on  his  farm,  the  water  of  which  is  supposed 
to  be  chemically  of  the  same  nature  as  that  of  the  famous  Sweet  Springs 
and  is  equal  to  it  in  its  health-giving  qualities. 

Iron  ore  has  been  discovered  on  Coat's  Creek,  a  branch  of  the  Davis. 

THE  TOWN  OF   FREEDOM 

was  laid  out  in  1860,  by  Franklin  Mock,  on  section  9,  township  48^ 
range  25.  The  plat  was  put  on  record.  The  first  store,  a  frame  building, 
two  stories,  40x24,  was  erected  by  Wm.  Kane,  in  which  he  carried  on  a 
general  mercantile  business.  The  first  dwelling  house  erected,  is  the  one  in 
which  Dr.  Belt  now  lives.  Messrs.  Davis,  Livengood  &  Son,  put  up  and 
operated  a  grist  mill,  which  has  since  been  moved  to  Aullville.  Wesley 
Cox  put  up  the  next  store,  and  kept  a  stock  of  dry  goods   and  groceries. 

In  1857,  three  years  prior  to  the  platting  of  the  town,  a  church  building 
was  erected  by  the  Christian  denomination,  at  a  cost  of  $1,400.  The 
Methodists  purchased  an  interest  in  it,  and  occupied  it  a  portion  of  the 
time.  It  has  since  been  taken  down  and  moved  to  Aullville,  where  it  is 
entirely  under  the  auspices  of  the  Christians,  the  Methodists  having  a 
house  of  their  own.  Prior  to  the  construction  of  the  Lexington  &  St. 
Louis  railroad,  Freedom  was  a  town  of  considerable  importance;  but  rap- 
idly declined  after  it  was  built  and  Aullville  laid  out.  Since  then  every 
business  enterprise,  with  the  exception  of  a  blacksmith  shop,  owned  by 
L.  C.  Matthews,  has  been  moved  to  Aullville.  The  postoffice  was  kept  at 
Dr.  Wilborn's,  for  a  time,  and  afterwards  in  Mr.  Kane's  store. 

Freedom  Chapel,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  denomination,  was  organ- 
ized in  about  the  year  1842,  at  which  time  the  church  building  was 
erected.  It  is  located  on  section  11,  township  48,  and  range  25.  The 
original  members  were,  Dr.  H.  Davis,  George  Davis,  David  Mock, 
Sr.,  and  David  Mock,  Jr.,  John  W.  Walker,  William  and  Nathaniel  Davis. 
The  church  is  a  frame  building,  built  by  the  community,  who  contributed 
the  labor  and  material. 

The  successive  pastors  are  as  follows:  Revs.  Thomas  Ashley,  Thomas 
Wallace,  Joseph  Dines, Hopkins,  Dr.  Prathman,  J.  R.  Bennett,  and 

Burley. 

o 


430  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

During  the  war  the  membership  was  broken  up,  and  at  its  close  the 
building  was  torn  down.     It  has  never  been  rebuilt. 

Freedom  Chapel  Graveyard,  also  contains  one  acre,  and  is  situated  in 
the  southeast  quarter  of  section  11,  township  48,  range  25.  Elizabeth 
Mock,  wife  of  David  Mock,  Sr.,  Mrs.  Hargrave,  and  Charlts  H.Bradley 
were  among  the  first  buried  there. 

Zion  Churchy  was  organized  in  1850.  The  following  were  the  original 
members:  Henry  D.  Stunchel,  C.  Uphause,  H.  Uphause,  P.Uphause,  H. 
Giesselmann,  G.  Helms,  Wm.  Cuppingbrinch,  and  others.  The  church 
building  is  a  frame  one,  and  was  erected  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500.  It 
was  dedicated  in  1872,  by  the  Rev.  H.  Fiegenbaum.  The  following  pas- 
tors have  since  been  in  charge:  Revs.  Charles  Bruegger,  John  Hausam, 
and  F.  Amsperger.  The  present  membership  is  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
Union  Sabbath  School,  was  organized  in  1871,  at  the  Mock  schoolhouse, 
on  section  9,  township  48,  range  25,  with  Franklin  Mock  first  super- 
intendent. When  first  organized  it  had  40  members,  which  have  since 
increased  to  60.  B.  Whitworth  is  the  present  superintendent.  Sessions 
are  held  every  Sunday  afternoon. 

New  Hope  Church.  A  frame  church  was  built  on  section  11,  township 
48,  range  25,  by  the  Baptist,  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  and  Old  School 
Presbyterian  members  in  1881,  costing  $600,  and  free  to  all  denomina- 
tions for  religious  services.  This  building  is  not  yet  cempleted,  as  it  is 
neither  plastered  nor  seated. 

The  Chihuahua  Grange,  No.  14.38,  in  this  township  was  instituted  by 
Lewis  Neal  and  the  date  of  its  charter  is  Jan.  24,  1874.  The  names  of 
the  charter  members  are  Julius  D.  Clarkson,  Wm.  H.  Pilkington,  James 
A.  Anderson,  Theodore  Wilson,  John  H.  Wilson,  Philip  Atkinson,  Wm. 
Means,  Hugh  M.  Pool,  Charles  R.  Anderson,  Mrs.  Nancy  Mathews,  Julia 
Clarkson,  Mrs.  Nancy  Mathews,  Jr.,  James  Mathews.  First  Master,  J. 
D.  Clarkson ;  O.,  Wm.  H.  Pickington ;  Lecturer,  J.  A.  Anderson ;  Steward, 
The.  C.  Wilson,  A.  S.,  J.  H.  Wilson;  Chaplain,  P.  E.  x\tkinson;  Treas- 
urer, W.H.  Means;  Secretary,  H.  M.  Pool;  G.  K.,  C.  R.  Anderson;  C, 
Mrs.  Nancy  Mathews;  P.,  Julia  Clarkson;  Flora,  Lucy  Wilson;  Lady 
Assistant  S.,  Miss  Nannie  Dalton. 

The  names  of  the  present  officers  are,  Wm.  H.  Pilkington  Master; 
Henry  Anderson,  James  A.  Anderson,  John  H.  Wilson,  John  T.  Hanys, 
Rice  Fox,  Samuel  Williams,  H.  M.'  Pool,  Harrison  Anderson,  Terry  Fox, 
Lucinda  Browning,  Minnie  Atkinson  and  Mary  Atkinson. 

There  are  at  present  seventeen  members  of  the  Grange.  The  house 
is  a  frame  building. 

Excelsior  Lodge,  I.  O.  G.  T.,  No.  302,  was  instituted  by Hutch- 
ison. Date  of  charter,  Oct.  13th,  1879.  The  charter  members  were  L. 
Ellege,  James  Belt,  Maggie  Whitworth,  J.  W.  Robinson,  Rev.  L.  M.  Da- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  431 

vis,  O.  Wilson,  Miss  C.  E.  Belt,  Miss  Sallie  Douglas,  B.  D.  Green,  Emma 
Saunders,  Mrs.  B.  E.  Matthews,  Miss  G.  S.  Belt,  Miss  M.  Ellege,  Frank 
Saunders,  J.  A.  Belt,  B.  Hopper,  W.  A.  James. 

The  first  officers  were  James  Belt,  W.  C.  T.;  Maggie  Whitworth,  W. 
V.  T.;  L.  M.  Davis,  W.  C;  O.  M.  Wilson,  W.  S.;  Sallie  Douglas,  W.  F. 
S.;  Miss  C.  E.  Belt,  W.  T.;  B.  Green,  W.  M.;  Mrs.  B.  E.  Mathews,  W. 
D.  M.;  Emma  Saunder,  W.  I.  G.;  W.  A.  James,  W.  O.  G.;  Miss  G.  S. 
Belt,  W.  R.  H.  S.;  Miss  M.  Ellege,  W.  L.  H.  S.;  J.  N.  Robinson,  G.  W. 
C.  T. ;  L.  Ellege,  L.  D. 

The  present  officers  are  O.  Wilson,  W.  C.  T.;  Miss  Sallie  Douglas,  W. 
V.  T.;  Mollie  Saunders,  W.  S.;  W.  A.  James,  W.  T.,  Miss  Maggie 
Wadsworth,  W.  F.  S.;  Frank  Saunders,  W.  M.;  J.  A.  Belt,  Sr.,  W.  C; 
Jas.  Belt,  Jr.,  W.  I.  G.;  B.  Hopper,  W.  O.  G. 

The  Lodge  holds  its  meetings  in  a  house  rented  for  that  purpose. 


LEXINGTON   TOWNSHIP. 

May  4th,  1824,  the  following  appears  of  record:  "  Ordered  that  the  fol- 
lowing bounds  be  considered  and  known  by  the  name  of  Lexington  town- 
ship, within  and  for  Lillard  county,  to-wit:  Beginning  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Big  Sniabar;  thence  up  the  east  fork  of  the  said  Big  Sniabar  to  its 
source;  thence  due  south  to  the  middle  of  the  Osage  river;  thence  down 
said  river  iO  where  a  line  running  due  south  from  the  head  of  the  Big 
Tabo  or  main  Tabo  crosses;  thence  with  and  along  said  line  due  north  to 
the  head  of  said  creek;  thence  down  said  creek  to  its  mouth,  or  where  it 
empties  into  theJVTissouri  river;  thence  up  the  Missouri  river  to  the  [place 
of]  beginning.  " 

This  is  the  first  mention  of  Lexington  township.  Its  western  boundary 
as  described  corresponds  with  the  eastern  bounary  of  Fort  Osage  town- 
ship; thus  wiping  out  Sniabar  township  for  the  time.  The  eastern  and 
northern  boundary  of  Lexington  township  remain  the  same  to  this  day. 
East  of  Tabo  Creek  was  then  called  Tabo  township.  It  was  at  the  same 
time  ordered  that  Julius  Emmons,  John  Wallace  and  Abel  Owen  should 
be  judges  of  the  first  election  in  the  new  township,  and  the  elections  were 
to  be  held  always  at  the  town  of  Lexington.  August  3d,  James  Fletcher 
was  recommended  by  the  court  to  the  governor  to  be  commissioned  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace  for  Lexington  township.  The  same  day  it  was  certi- 
fied to  the  court  that  James  D.  Warren  had  been  elected  constable,  and 
he  was  accordingly  sworn  into  office. 

February  7,  1826,  Henry  Rowland,  as  captain,  John  Robinson  and  Har- 
vey Owen  were  appointed  a  company  of  patrols  for  Lexington  township 
for  one  year.     This  was  the  first  appointment  of  such  police. 


432  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


THE  HOUX  SETTLEMENT. 


According  to  the  statements  of  Dr.  Sanford  Smith  and  others,  the  first 
settler  who  appeared  in  this  neighborhood  was  Gilead  Rupe,  who  located 
about  two  and  a  half  miles  southwest  of  where  Lexington  now  stands,  in 
about  1815.  As  near  as  can  be  ascertained  it  appears  that  Mr.  Rupe  was 
also  the  first  settter  in  the  territory  now  known  as  Lafayette  county ;  his 
nearest  neighbor  at  that  time  being  Jesse  Cox,  who  settled  about  the  same 
time  in  the  bottom  north  of  Arrow  Rock,  sixty-five  miles  distant. 

In  1818  or  '19,  Dr.  Smith  says  that  the  Indians  were  somewhat  trouble- 
some. A  party  of  them  surrounded  the  house  of  Mr.  Rupe  and  beseiged 
him  and  his  family  for  three  or  four  days.  Two  of  his  sons,  who  were 
carefully  watching  for  an  opportunity,  succeeded  at  last  in  slipping  out 
unobserved  and  made  their  way  to  Booneville,  where  assistance  was  pro- 
cured and  the  savages  were  driven  oft". 

In  about  1817  David  James,  with  three  grown  sons,  two  of  whom  were 
named  Jesse  and  Henry,  settled  on  section  16,  township  50,  range  27. 
Subsequently  ascertaining  that  he  was  occupying  a  school  section,  he 
moved  and  made  a  location  a  little  south  of  what  is  now  known  as  the 
"Silver"  farm  and  afterwards  moved  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Little  SnL 

In  1818  or  '19,  Nicholas  Houx  appeared  in  the  vicinity  and  built  a  tan- 
nery, which  in  1827,  was  purchased  by  Wm.  Smith,  (father  of  Dr.  Smith) 
who  operated  it  for  over  eight  years. 

The  first  regular  physician  who  appeared  in  this  settlement  was  Dr. 
Rankin,  from  Kentucky,  whose  father  founded  Shakertown,  of  that  State. 
The  doctor  located  near  the  camp  ground,  situated  on  section  17,  town- 
ship 50,  range  27.  He  now  resides  with  his  son-in-law,  Judge  Findley 
Barnet,  near  Odessa.     Is  over  ninety  years  of  age. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  a  log  cabin,  near  where  John  R.  Houx 
now  lives,  by  Robert  D.  Morrow,  in  1821  or  '22;  so  Dr.  Mitchell  and  Dr. 
Smith  say.  Mr.  Morrow  subsequently  became  a  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian minister.  The  first  public  school  building  was  built  of  hewed  logsr 
in  1829  or  '30 — labor  and  material  furnished  by  the  neighborhood.  The 
first  teacher  to  occupy  it  was  Harry  Bellows,  who  now  lives  in  Platte 
county,  Missouri.  Weaving  was  done  by  nearly  every  housekeeper,  from 
the  products  of  the  farm. 

The  first  steamboat  landing  at  Lexington  was  at  the  mouth  of  "  Rupe's 
branch  " — so  named  for  Gilead  Rupe.  Dr.  Smith  distinctly  recollects 
seeing  the  first  steamboat  land  there  when  he  was  quite  a  small  boy. 

MURDER  OF  MR.  WHITE. 

Mr.  Charles  White,  originally  from  New  York,  who  had  married  the 
widow  Graves  and  settled  as  a  farmer  two  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Lex- 
ington, was  a  Union  man.     When  Capt.  Fred  Neet  and   Major  Becker 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  433 

were  paroled  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  had  to  leave  town  any- 
way they  could,  they  started  afoot  to  Hamilton  on  the  old  Hamilton  &  St. 
Joe  railroad,  which  was  then  the  nearest  railroad  station,  and  Mr.  White 
went  with  them.  When  they  had  got  about  three  miles  beyond  Rich- 
mond, near  Duval's,  they  were  overtaken  by  some  cavalry  claiming  to 
have  an  order  from  Gen.  Price  to  arrest  Neet  and  Becker.  Two  of  the 
cavalrymen  rode  up,  one  on  each  side  of  Mr.  White  and  caught  him  by 
the  ears,  pulling  him  along  in  this  way  between  them  until  they  had  gone 
out  of  sight  from  where  Neet  and  Becker  were  stopped,  three  others  fol- 
lowing them.  Two  pistol  shots  were  heard  and  then  in  a  few  minutes 
the  five  riders  returned,  and  the  whole  party  started:  back  to  Lexington. 
At  Richmond,  Neet  saw  one  of  the  men  who  had  Mr.  White's  overcoat 
pull  out  the  murdered  man's  pocket  book  and  pay  for  liquor  for  the  crowd 
with  certain  bank  bills  which  Neet  and  Becker  both  had  seen  Mr.  White 
have.  The  names  of  the  men  who  took  White  oft'  and  shot  him  were 
furnished;  they  still  reside  in  the  county,  but  we  omit  them.  After  being 
brought  back  to  Lexington  and  lodged  in  jail,  Neet  and  Becker  learned 
that  they  were  charged  with  robbing  a  jewelry  store;  Gen.  Price  found 
nothing  proved  against  them,  and  they  were  again  released.  They  finally 
escaped  by  night  travel  and  day  hiding,  down  to  Sedalia  and  thence  to 
St.  Louis. 


CITY  OF  LEXINGTON. 

The  first  time  that  the  name  "  Lexington  "  occurs  in  the  early  court 
records  of  Lillard  county  is  under  date  of  August  6,  1822.  The  record 
says:  "  It  is  ordered  that  David  Ward,  Absalom  Coleman,  Robert  W. 
Rankin,  and  Joseph.  Hobson,  or  any  three  of  them,  being  first  sworn,  be 
appointed  to  view  the  nearest  and  best  route  for  a  road  to  run  from  Lex- 
ington by  way  of  the  upper  ford  of  the  Big  Sniabar  to  Stokely's  Ferry,  on 
•the  Missouri  river."  Then  again,  August  19th,  it  is  ordered  that  John 
Nelson,  Markham  Fristoe,  Ira  Bidwell  and  Jacob  Catron,  shall  lay  out  a 
road  from  Lexington  to  intersect  the  road  leading  from  the  salt  works  to 
Jack's  Ferry.  This  ferry  had  been  established  by  Wm.  Jack,  in  1819,  its 
landing  place  being  a  little  below  the  mouth  of  Graham's  Branch,  or  near 
the  foot  of  Commerce  street,  which  was  graded  down  the  bluff  and  well 
paved,  as  the  grand  thoroughfare  from  the  city  on  the  bluff  down  to  her 
steamboat  landing.  But  from  the  very  spot  where  Jack's  Ferry,  and  after- 
ward steamboats  used  to  land,  it  is  now,  18S1,  a  half  mile  or  more  over 
solid  land  to  the  water's  edge  in  the  Missouri  river;  and  the  Lexington 
and  Kansas  City  Railroad  (narrow  gauge),  runs  here  for  half  a  mile  over 
ground  where  the  river  used  to  flow  from  ten  to  twenty-five  feet  deep. 


434  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Tne  first  plat  in  the  book  of  town  plats  of  the  county  is  that  of  Lexing- 
ton—the original  village,  or  old  town,  which  was  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  river  at  Jack's  ferry.  (The  Missouri  Pacific  railroad  depot  is 
now,  1881,  in  Old  Lexington.  The  following  certificate  accompanies  the 
plat: 
State  of  Missouri, 


County  of  Lillard.   \ 

We,  James  Bounds,  Sr.,  John  Duston  and  James  Lillard,  commissioners 
in  trust  for  Lillard  county,  do  certify  this  to  be  a  correct  map  or  plan  of 
the  town  of  Lexington,  as  surveyed,  numbered  and  sold  according  to  the 
numbers,  and  sold  on  the  8th  day  of  April,  1822. 

his 
James  x  Bounds. 

mark. 
John  Duston. 
James  Lillard. 

The  lots  were  75x145  feet,  streets  75  feet  wide,  and  alleys  16£  feet  (one 
rod),  in  width. 

Mount  Vernon,  the  first  county  seat,  never  was  platted,  and  has  now 
gone  entirely  out  of  mark  or  memory.  It  was  a  mere  irregular  group  of 
cabins  situated  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  23,  township  51,  range 
26,  on  the  bluff'  half  a  mile  east  of  Tabo  creek  and  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
from  the  Missouri  river.  It  was  a  place  where  three  or  four  tribes  of  Indi- 
ans used  to  come  to  smoke  the  peace-pipe  and  barter  with  French  trad- 
ers. Terre  Bonne,  "  good  land,"  or  "good  place,"  or  "  no-fight  place, ' 
was  what  the  Fiench  had  taught  the  Indians  to  call  it.  But  the  Ameri- 
cans called  the  place  Mount  Vernon,  as  a  token  of  their  reverence  for 
Gen.  Washington. 

The  commissioners  whose  report  is  above  quoted,  had  been  appointed 
March  12th,  hence  they  had  selected  and  surveyed  the  site,  made  plat,  sold 
lots  and  filed  their  report  in  less  than  a  month.  The  county  court  held 
its  last  term  at  Mount  Vernon  in  November,  1822.  Its  next  sitting  was 
at  Lexington,  February  3,  1823,  in  Dr.  Buck's  house,  the  first  one  built  in 
the  town. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  settlers  at  this  time  were  from  Kentucky,  and 
the  town  was  named  in  honor  of  the  city  of  Lexington  in  that  state. 

November  23,  1825,  the  new  court  house,  built  by  Henry  Renick,  was 
accepted  and  occupied.  But  it  was  so  defective  (for  contractors  were  no 
honester  then  than  now),  that  in  a  few  years  it  had  to  be  abandoned,  and 
on  Aug.  1,  1832,  it  was  sold  by  auction  just  for  what  it  would  bring  as  old 
bricks  and  old  lumber.  In  1835  a  new  court  house  was  completed,  a 
three  story  brick  building.  This  was  used  ten  years,  then  the  presen; 
court  house   was  built  and  occupied. 

June  5,  1849,  the  court  ordered  "  that  the  public  square  in  the  town  of 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  435 

Lexington,  (commonly  called  Old  Town),  together  with  the  buildings 
thereon,  be  sold  to  the  highest  bidder,  on  the  first  Monday  of  August 
next;  and  also  the  lot  on  which  the  old  jail  stood."  Louis  W.  Smallwood 
was  the  commissioner  to  manage  this  sale. 

In  1847,  March  25th,  an  order  had  been  issued  for  building  a  new  court 
house  on  the  public  square  in  the  city  of  Lexington.  Silas  Silver,  John 
Catron,  and  Robert  Aull  were  appointed  as  commissioners  to  oversee  the 
work,  with  Henderson  Young  as  their  attorney  for  legal  council  on  any 
contracts  they  might  enter  into.  Win.  Spratt  was  afterwards  added  to 
the  board.  In  April  a  plan  submitted  by  Wm.  Daughertv  for  court  house 
was  accepted,  and  $12,000  was  appropriated  for  the  building.  Daugherty 
was  subsequently  paid  $40  for  his  drawing  and  specification. 

The  names  which  eventually  appear  as  the  builders  of  the  new  court 
house  (the  one  now  in  use,  1881,)  are  Elijah  Littlejohn,  Alexander  Mc- 
Faddin,  John  Alford,  Wm.  Hunter,  Gabriel  F.  Brown,  Samuel  Ball,  and 
Cyrus  Osborn,  the  latter  did  the  painting. 

The  stone  jail  now  in  use  was  built  by  Gabriel  F.  Brown,  in  1846. 

The  city  charter  was  obtained  in  1845,  and  Eldridge  Burden  was  the 
first  mayor.  Also  in  1845  a  branch  of  the  state  bank  was  established  at 
Lexington.  The  presidents  of  the  several  state  banks  were  elected  by 
the  legislature  in  joint  ballot.  The  first  president  of  this  Lexington  branch 
was  Col.  Lewis  Green;  second,  Lieut.  Col.  James  Young;  third,  Judge 
E.  Burden,  who  served  six  years.  There  were  one  or  two  afterwards, 
and  the  state  part  of  the  bank  was  finally  removed  to  Louisiana,  in  Pike 
county.  For  an  interesting  episode  in  the  history  of  this  bank,  see  account 
of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  in  another  place. 

UNCLE  GEORGE  HOUX. 

A  Mayview  correspondent  of  the  Lexington  Intelligencer,  July  10, 
1880,  wrote  concerning  an  interview  with  the  above  named  Lafayette 
county  pioneer:  "  In  comparing  early  times  with  now  in  regard  to  hon- 
esty, Uncle  George  says,  that  money  was  sewed  up  in  leather  bags  with 
whangs  and  carried  on  horseback,  like  meal  sacks  from  Santa  Fe,  and 
when  they  arrived  in  Lexington,  at  the  tavern,  in  Old  Town,  were  thrown 
down  like  common  luggage.  These  bags  would  get  so  hard  and  dry 
that  they  would  feel  like  logs  when  thrown  down.  A  man  by  the  name 
of  Green  kept  the  inn,  as  it  was  then  called,  and  Ed.  Ryland,  who  was 
then  receiver,  would  take  the  money  and  store  it  away  in  the  rear  of 
Stramcke's  store,  and  when  he  got  a  wagon  load  it  was  hauled  away  in 
farm  wagons  to  St.  Louis,  with  no  other  guards  than  the  two  teamsters 
and  a  man  or  two.  And  once  when  he  was  in  the  circuit  court,  while 
John  F.  Ryland  was  on  the  bench,  he  heard  the  charge  given  to  the 
grand  jury  and  they  went  out  of  doors  as  they  had  no  jury  room,  he 


436  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

does  not  know  where,  whether  to  a  hazel  patch  or  a  fence  corner,  and 
returned  in  a  few  minutes  and  said  that  no  one  had  been  doing  anything 
wrong  and  the  judge  replied  that  this  was  the  fifth  term  and  no  one 
had  been  indicted,  and  complimented  the  county  for  its  morality  and 
honesty.  He  tells  of  another  incident  connected  with  the  early  history. 
He  says  that  there  was  no  blacksmith  shop  nearer  this  county  than  Old 
Franklin,  and  his  brother  Nick,  as  he  calls  him,  fixed  up  the  fore-wheels 
of  his  wagon,  and  the  neighbors  all  brought  in  their  old  axes  and  broad 
axes,  and  he,  with  his  load,  went  to  Old  Franklin  to  get  a  box  of  gold  and 
silver  belonging  to  Mr.  Hicklin,  father  of  Mr.  James  Hicklin.  The  neigh- 
bors in  both  counties  knew  of  it.  He  says  that  they  had  no  use  for  any 
officers  but  a  clerk  to  keep  the  records,  and  a  sheriff  to  collect  and  pay 
over  the  revenue.  He  says  that  doubtless  Mr.  Stramcke  and  Rob't  Hale 
recollect  these  times.  He  tells  how  Judge  Hicks  got  to  be  a  lawyer. 
John  Aull's  father  furnished  the  money  to  buy  the  books,  and  he  was  to 
help  his  son  to  keep  store  in  return,  and  read  law  at  the  same  time  at 
leisure  moments. 

Uncle  George  moved  to  Lexington,  Missouri,  in  1830,  and  lived  there 
until  1842,  carrying  on  the  saddlery  business  during  that  time.  There  are 
some  saddles  which  were  made  in  his  shop  still  in  this  neighborhood,  one 
a  side  saddle  at  Mr.  Moore's;  near  Mr.  Lankford's.  He  has  one  himself 
forty  years  old.  These  were  made  when  workmen  were  honest,  and 
before  wooden  nutmegs  were  thought  of.  He  and  Gen.  Graham  laid  off 
the  first  addition  to  the  town  of  Lexington,  measuring  the  lots  with  a  level 
made  of  a  plank  with  a  vial  in  one  end.  Where  Lexington  now  stands 
was  then  heavily  covered  with  timber,  and  they  thought  that  as  Wellington 
was  immediately  on  the  river,  unless  something  was  done  it  would  be  the 
town  of  the  county,  so  a  company  was  formed,  and  purchases  made  on 
and  near  the  river,  and  the  first  addition  was  laid  off  as  above  stated. 
Then  the  second  addition  was  purchased  by  the  two  Pomeroys,  Gen. 
Graham  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  moved  from  Lexington, 
March  1,  1842,  to  where  he  died  in  1881.  Uncle  George's  father  moved 
to  Logan  county,  Kentucky,  at  an  early  day,  when  it  was  then  a  new 
country  like  Missouri,  hence  his  opportunity  for  an  education  was  bacj;  the 
best  he  got  was  in  the  corn  and  wheat  fields. 

CHURCHES  IN  THE  ORDER  OF  DATE  OF  ORGANIZATION. 

Eden  View  Church.— The  original  congregation  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  denomination,  from  which  the  one  that  worships  in  the  above 
named  church  sprang,  is  of  rather  remote  origin,  dating  as  far  back  as 
1821  or  '22. 

From  Dr.  E.  S.  Smith,  son  of  Wm.  Smith,  one  of  the  original  mem- 
bers, the  following  information  is  obtained: 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  437 

This  church  was  organized  in  1821  or  '22,  with  Chatham  Ewing  and 
wife,  Wm.  Jack  and  wife,  George  Houx  and  wife,  Adam  Young  and 
wife,  Nicholas  Houx,  Wm.  Smith  and  wife,  John  Nelson,  Mrs.  Dr.  Ran- 
kin, Judge  John  Whitsett,  —  Owen,  Philip  Houx  and  wife,  James  Mor- 
row and  wife,  as  original  members.  The  first  church  building  was  built 
of  logs,  erected  in  about  the  same  year,  on  land  adjoining  that  of  Dr. 
Mitchell,  in  or  near  section  17,  township  50,  range  27,  called  "  Sni  Grove 
church."  It  was  subsequently  burned.  In  about  1827,  Nicholas  Houx, 
Chatham  Ewing,  George  Houx,  Esq.  Owens  and  Wm.  Jack,  as  trustees 
for  the  church,  entered  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  17,  township  50, 
range  27,*  and  erected  thereon  a  fine  brick  church,  21x50  feet  (the  first 
brick  building  erected  in  the  county),  a  large  tabernacle,  85xby60  feet  and 
also  twenty-two  cabins  of  hewed  logs.  This,  on  account  of  its  superior 
facilities  for  camp  meeting  purposes,  became  one  of  the  most  noted  points 
for  religious  gatherings,  on  the  upper  Missouri,  where  was  known  to  have 
congregated  more  than  ten  thousand  people  at  one  time,  which  viewed  in 
the  light  of  the  fact,  that  this  section  of  the  county  was  very  sparsely  set- 
tled at  that  early  day,  is  an  item  of  considerable  historic  importance. 

Subsequently,  a  division  in  the  congregation  was  made.  The  Lexing- 
ton membership  united  with  the  Old  School  Presbyterians,  and  erected  a 
frame  building  in  Old  Town,  of  which  the  Rev.  Finis  Ewing  was  pastor. 
This  was  afterward  abandoned  or  sold  to  private  parties,  who  used  it  for 
storing  hemp  and  other  merchandise,  and  has  since  been  burned.  A 
frame  building  was  then  erected  on  Main  Cross  street,  Lexington,  which, 
in  1879,  was  sold  to  the  German  School  Association,  who  now  occupy  it, 
and  also  rent  it  for  Sunday  use  to  the  German  Trinity  church.  In  1880, 
the  building  which  the  Eden  View  congregation  now  occupies,  was 
erected  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  9, 
township  50,  range  27,  on  Judge  Rathburn's   land,  at  a  cost  of  $1,800. 

"  Eden  Viewr  "  was  the  name  adopted  by  the  congregation.  It  was  ded- 
icated on  the  third  Sundav  of  December,  1880,  by  the  Revs.  Frank  Rus- 
sell and  Albert  Moore.  The  successive  pastors  during  the  period 
between  1821  and  1840,  were  the  Revs.  Robert  D.  Morrow,  afterwards 
D.  D.;  Finis  Ewing,  Robert  Sloan  and  Henry  Renick. 

The  Christian  or  Church  of  Christ,  Lexington,  was  organized  on  the 
17th  day  of  April,  1836,  by  Elder  Levi  Vancamp  and  Deacon  George  W. 
Marquis.  The  names  of  original  members  were  Levi  Vancamp,  Phoebe 
Vancamp,  Wm.  S.  Vancamp,  America  Vancamp,  Mary  Vancamp,  Abi- 
gail Vancamp,  Elizabeth  Mosby,  John  S.  Porter,  Elvira  Porter,  Samuel 
R.  Benton,  Ann  Benton,  Rebecca  Thorp,  Lavina  Marquis,  George  W. 
Marquis,  Wiatt  H.   Stone,    Eliza.  J.  Stone,    Cinderella    Bounds,   James 

*Eighty  acres  were  entered  for  cnurck  purposes  and  eighty,  upon  which  to  build  a  par- 
sonage and  provide  for  the  pastor. 


438  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Bounds,  Robert  Littlejohn  and  James  A.  Marquis.  The  first  church 
building  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Poplar  and  North  or  Main  streets, 
at  a  cost  of  about  $4,000;  it  was  sold  to  the  colored  Baptists  in  1873  or 
1874.  The  present  church  on  South  street  was  erected  in  1870,  of  brick, 
at  a  cost  of  about  $15,000.  Their  pastors  have  been  Revs.  Duke  Young, 
Frank  R.  Palmer,  John  Callerman,  Thomas  N.  Gaines,  S.  S.  Church, 
Allen  Wright,  Samuel  Swinford,  Noah  Miller,  George  W.  Elley,  Thomas 
P.  Haley,  Henry  H .  Haley,  John  R.  Frame,  Wm.  C.  Dawson,  D.  M. 
Grandfield,  George  G.  Taylor,  Frank  W.  Allen,  E.  B.  Edgar,  George 
Plattenberg,  Jesse  H.  Hugftes  and  the  present  pastor,  Chapman  S. 
Lucas.  The  present  membership  is  301.  Sunday  school  was  organized 
in  the  summer  of  1844,  by  Dr.  Joseph  G.  Chinn.  Present  officers  are 
George  M.  Catron,  superintendent;  James  P.  Hall,  assistant;  Ernest 
McCausland,  secretary  and  treasurer.     Average  attendance,  50  to  60. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Lexington,  Missouri,  was  organized 
in  1839,  by  Revs.  Wm.  Dickson  and  Geo.  M.  Crawford,  by  order  of  the 
presbytery  of  Missouri,  and  under  authority  of  the  general  assembly  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  in  the  United  States  of  America.  Messrs.  Dick- 
son and  Crawford  were  assisted  by  Rev.  Mr.  Remley,  of  Louisville,  Ky. 
The  original  members  were: 

Lewis  Green,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  D.  Green,  Elizabeth  P.  Green,  Gallatin, 
Tenn.;  Nathaniel  J.  Carter,  Mrs.  Caroline  Carter,  Arthur  G.  Young,  Alaj 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  L.  Young,  New  Providence,  Tenn.;  Sarah  Carter,  Rog- 
ersville,  Tenn.;  Mary  Tyree,  Shiloh,  Term.;  Mary  A.  Remley,  Indiana; 
Mrs.  Matilda  H.  Spratt,  Mt.  Carmel,  Va.;  Mary  J.  Miller,  Mary  Leivsay, 
Virginia;  Elizabeth  Aull,  James  Aull,  Mrs.  Maria  Pomeroy,  New  Cas- 
tle, Del. ;  John  W.  Bray,  Mrs.  Mary  Bray,  New  Jersey;  Mrs.  Logan,  Mrs. 
Henrietta  Miller,  Kentucky. 

Lewis  Green  and  Arthur  G.  Young  were  the  first  ruling  elders.  In 
1844  they  built  a  brick  edifice  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Pine  streets 
at  a  cost  of  about  $10,000.- 

Rev.  J.  L.  Yantis  occupied  the  pulpit  as  stated  supply  from  August, 
1841,  until  July,  1847.  There  were  then  only  occasional  supplies  till  Sep- 
tember 25,  1849.  From  this  time  Rev.  A.  V.  C.  Schenck  served  as  stated 
supply  until  June,  1850;  then  he  was  installed  as  pastor,  and  served  until 
June,  1853.  At  this  time  he  took  charge  of  the  first  female  seminary 
established  in  Lexington.  It  was  an  independent  school — not  denomina- 
tional— and  ultimately  merged  into  the  Baptist  female  seminary,  which  has 
done  so  much  to  give  Lexington  a  high  reputation  abroad  as  a  center  of 
education  and  refinement.  In  the  spring  of  1854  Rev.  B.  F.  Hobson,  D. 
D.,  was  engaged  as  stated  supply,  and  continued  to  serve  until  the  orderly 
course  of  events  was  disrupted  by  circumstances  incident  to  the  civil  war. 
After  an  interregnum,  Rev.  J.  A.  Quarles  was  engaged  in  January,  1866, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  439 

as  stated  supply,  and  so  continued  for  some  months,  when  a  church  divis- 
ion occurred. 

Among  other  events  of  the  war  times,  independent  presbyteries  and  a 
synod  of  Missouri  were  formed,  separate  from  the  original  presbyteries 
and  synod  under  authority  of  the  original  general  assembly  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  in  the  United  States  of  America.  The  new  presbytery, 
which  included  Lexington  within  its  territory,  was  commonly  known  as 
the  "  Declaration  and  Testimony  Presbytery  of  Lafayette,"  and  in  1867 
met  at  Prairie  church,  while  the  other  one,  which  still  held  its  relation  with 
the  old  original  general  assembly,  met  at  Pleasant  Hill.  On  September 
29,  1807,  the  church  session  elected,  by  one  majority,  Elder  John  R. 
Ford  as  its  commissioner  to  presbytery,  with  the  understanding  that  he 
would  attend  the  "declaration  and  testimony  presbyterv"  at  Prairie 
church,  and  not  the  one  which  was  to  meet  at  Pleasant  Hill.  Two  of  the 
elders,  Messrs.  A.  H.  McFadden  and  Patrick  Ballard,  duly  filed  their  pro- 
test against  this  church  sending  a  commissioner  to  the  new  body.  The 
protest  recited  in  detail,  under  four  specific  counts,  their  grounds  of  objec- 
tion to  the  move.  The  first  clause  of  the  second  count  says:  "  We  pro- 
test against  this  act,  because  it  is  an  attempt  to  change  the  ecclesiastical 
connection  of  this  church  to  a  body  foreign  to  that  to  which  it  has  always 
sustained  its  relation."  There  were  property  matters  involved,  as  well  as 
ecclesiastical,  all  of  which  were  duly  set  forth,  and  the  prolestants  further 
said:  "We  therefore  proclaim  ourselves,  and  as  many  as  may  with  us  desire 
to  preserve  their  former  church  relations,  the  only  true  and  lawful  church 
organization  in  the  city  of  Lexington  in  connection  with  and  under  the 
care  and  authority  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in 
the  United  States  of  America." 

As  a  result  of  this  state  of  affairs,  the  protesting  elders  held  a  session 
the  next  day,  Sept.  30,  and  appointed  A.  H.  McFadden  commissioner  to 
the  presbytery  of  Pleasant  Hill,  which  still  held  its  connection  with  the 
original  general  assembly.  Thus  the  same  nominal  society  had  two  sets 
of  commissioners  representing  it  in  two  different  presbyteries,  and  the 
membership  of  the  church  was  divided  on  the  subject.  The  "  regular 
succession  "  party  continued  to  hold  separate  meetings  and  transact  all 
church  business,  claiming  to  be  the  only  legal  holders  of  the  name  and 
property  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  there 
is  no  doubt  the  federal  courts  would  have  sustained  their  claim;  neverthe- 
less, those  who  adhered  to  the  new  or  independent  presbytery  held  actual 
possion  of  the  church  property — and  possession  is  said  to  be  "  nine  points 
of  the  law." 

Both  parties  were  desirous  to  avoid  the  scandal  to  religion  of  an  unseemly 
contest  in  the  courts  over  the  church  property;  and  in  pursuance  of  this 
view,  January  10,  1870,  an  equitable  division  of  the   property  was  finally 


440  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

agreed  upon.  The  "  regular  succession  "  body  retained  the  original  cor- 
porate name;  and  in  consideration  of  $5,000,  to  be  paid  them  in  cash,  they 
agreed  to  relinquish  their  claim  to  the  church  property.  The  church  rec- 
ord book,  under  date  of  March  2,  1880,  says: 

On  motion,  the  elders,  A.  H.  McFadden,  P.  Ballard  and  Robert  Tay- 
lor, and  the  trustees,  G.  W.  McKean,  Robert  Taylor  and  P.  Ballard,  were 
duly  authorized  to  sign  a  quitclaim  deed  to  the  old  Presbyterian  house  of 
worship  and  all  its  appurtenances,  and  to  the  Elizabeth  Aull  seminary  and 
appurtenances  thereto  belonging,  from  this  congregation  to  the  Declara- 
tion and  Testimony  congregation  of  this  city,  and  of  which  the  Rev.  J.  A. 
Quarles  is  pastor. 

This  ended  amicably  all  difficulties  between  the  two  claimants,  and  dur- 
ing this  same  year  (1870)  the  new  "First  Presbyterian  church,"  a  fine  brick 
structure,  was  built  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  North  streets,  at  a  cost  of 
$11,000.     [Now  known  as  "Wentworth  academy."] 

The  formal  division  of  the  church  occurred  in  1867.  In  the  fall  of  1868 
Rev.  J.  W.  Clark  was  installed  as  pastor,  by  authority  of  the  Lafayette 
presbytery,  in  connection  with  the  general  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  in  the  United  States  of  America.  He  served  three  years,  and  was 
succeeded  in  the  fall  of  1871  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Byers,  who  served  until  1874. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Chaney  then  served  as  stated  supply  till  the  spring  of  1875. 
By  this  time  the  society  had  become  so  weakened  by  removals  and  pecu- 
niary losses  among  its  members  that  it  was  unable  to  sustain  a  minister, 
and  no  stated  preaching  was  had  thereafter. 

April  9,  1878,  this  church  made  formal  request  of  their  presbytery  to 
dissolve  the  organization,  for  reasons  which  were  set  forth  in  five  several 
specifications.  May  24,  1880,  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  sell  the 
church  property.  April  11,  1881,  they  reported  that  they  had  sold  it  to 
S.  G.  Wentworth,  for  $2,500,  had  used  all  the  money  to  pay  debts  of  the 
church,  and  that  the  church  was  now  "  entirely  free  from  debt." 

[Mr.  Wentworth  gave  the  building  toward  founding  a  school  called  the 
"  Wentworth  Male  Academv,"  a  sketch  of  which  will  be  found  in  another 
place.] 

The  most  prosperous  year  of  this  church,  after  the  organic  division  was 
that  which  closed  April  1,  1874.  During  that  year  eighteen  had  been 
added;  three  adults  and  three  infants  baptized;  there  were  eighty-six  com- 
municants in  the  church,  and  one  hundred  members  of  the  Sabbath  school. 
There  had  been  $1,070  contributed  for  congregational  expenses,  and  $46 
for  other  purposes.  This  church  made  a  sturdy  and  heroic  struggle  for 
life,  and  went  down  at  last  without  a  smirch  of  dishonor  tarnishing  her 
folded  skirts. 

Our  narrative  now  reverts  back  to  September,  1867,  when  the  formal 
division  took  place.     Rev.  J.  A.  Quarles  was  then  serving  the  church  as 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  441 

stated  supply,  but  the  same  fall  he  was  installed  as  pastor,  by  authority  of 
the  new  synod  of  Missouri  which  had  been  formed,  independent  of  the  old 
original  general  assembly  of  Presbyterien  Churches  in  the  United  States 
of  America.  His  successors  in  the  pastorate  have  been  Rev.  R.  P.  Kerr, 
and  Rev.  George  L.  Leyburn,  the  present  pastor.  Total  present  mem- 
bership, 180. 

The  earliest  record  of  the  Sunday-school  connected  with  this  church  is 
dated  January  1,  1851,  and  shows,  at  that  time,  eight  male  and  ten  female 
teachers,  ninety-three  scholars,  and  six  hundred  library  books.  The  same 
date  shows  the  church  bell  just  received,  and  that  it  cost  $208.  It  was  the 
same  bell  which  is  still  on  the  old  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  Pine  j  - 
a  and  Soffth  streets.  The  Sunday-school  now  has  an  average  attendance 
cft'about  one  hundred  pupils,  and  eighteen  to  twenty  teachers  and  officers.  / 
The  present  officers  are:  Xeonphon  Ryland,  superintendent;  W.  G.  Mc- 
Causland,  assistant  superintendent;  W.  B.  Wilson,  secretary;  Bates 
Vaughan,  treasurer;  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Wilson,  librarian. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  of  Lexington,  was  organized 
about  the  year  1837,  and  the  names  of  the  members  at  that  time  were: 
Thomas  Calloway,  Dr.  Talbert,  John  Auston,  Lucy  Anderson,  David  Gil- 
lispie,  Mary  Gillispie,  Cyrus  Osburn,  A.  W.  Henning,  V.  Zeigler,  I.  Bolin, 
John  Brown  and  wife,  Clark  Peters,  Harriet  Eckle,  John  Eastwood,  J. 
Wetzel,  D.  Lock,  Dr.  Blackwell,  Mahala  Brackwell,  James  Cloudsley  and 
wife,  James  Norfolk  and  wife. 

The  first  church  was  built,  of  brick,  in  the  year  1840,  and  rebuilt,  of 
brick,  in  1860,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,  and  was  dedicated,  by  Bishop  H.  H. 
Kavanaugh,  in  the  same  year.  Their  pastors  have  been  Clinton,  Buvley, 
Dodds,  Westerman,  Forsythe,  Johnston,  Ashley,  Jones,  Boyle,  Hamilton, 
Morris,  Scarritt,  Finney,  Cobb,  Kavanaugh,  White,  McFarland,  Shackel- 
ford, Hall,  Godbey,  Camp,  Stacy,  Boggs,  Thos.  Cobb,  Pugh,  Williams, 
and  Walker. 

The  membership  at  the  present  is  191,  and  connected  with  the  church 
is  a  Sabbath-school,  organized  in  the  year  1840,  with  Silas  Silver  as  super- 
intendent. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  of  yesus  Christ,  at  Lexington,  Missouri,  was 
formerly  known  as  the  Little  Sniabar  Church,  and,  prior  to  1838,  enjoved 
the  ministrations  of  Rev.  John  Warder.  During  this  time,  the  church 
met  for  worship  at  a  house  two  or  three  miles  southwest  of  the  city  of 
Lexington ;  but  no  book  of  records  can  be  found  of  earlier  date  than  Jan- 
uary 27,  1838,  on  which  day  the  church  met  for  worship  and  business  at 
Lexington.  In  July,  of  the  same  year,  Rev.  Joseph  White  was  chosen 
pastor.  At  the  church  meeting  in  February,  1S40,  the  name  was  changed 
from  Little  Sniabar  Church  to  First  Baptist  Church  at  Lexington,  Mis- 
souri.    In  May,  of  this  year  (1840),  Elder  White  resigned  the  pastorate; 


442  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

then  Rev.  Alvin  P.  Williams  was  chosen  in  his  stead,  and  served  the 
church  until  November,  1843.  During  his  pastorate,  the  house  of  wor- 
ship on  Franklin  street  was  built;  and  five  neighboring  churches  of  the 
same  faith  were  established,  to-wit:  In  Dover.  Richmond,  Mound  Prairie, 
Greenton,  and  the  First  African  Baptist  Church  of  Lexington. 

In  November,  1843,  Rev.  Wm.  C.  Ligon  was  elected  pastor,  and  served 
until  Maj'  27,  1847;  then  Rev.  Edward  Roth  was  chosen,  who  served 
until  August,  1848.  In  March,  1849,  Rev.  E.  S.  Dulin  became  the  pastor, 
and  continued  until  December  of  that  year,  when  he  removed  to  Libert}', 
to  open  and  conduct  the  William  Jewell  College  at  that  place. 

Rev.  Josiah  Leak  was  pastor  from  May,  1850,  till  July,  1851;  then 
Rev.  D.  L.  Russell,  until  August,  1853.  In  January,  1854,  Rev.  Tyree 
C.  Harris  was  elected  pastor;  commenced  his  labors  in  August  folio  wing5 
bnt  fell  sick  and  died  in  a  few  weeks.  In  February,  1855,  Rev.  E.  S.  Dulin 
was  again  chosen  to  serve  the  church  in  the  office  of  pastor;  in  July, 
of  the  same  year  he  was  called  to  the  presidency  of  the  Baptist  Female 
College,  and  resigned  his  pastoral  office,  but  continued  to  serve  the  church 
until  the  spring  of  1856.  In  January,  1856,  Rev.  Joseph  W.  Warder  was 
elected  pastor,  but  did  not  enter  upon  his  duties  here  until  April  13;  he 
then  continued  in  the  sacred  office  until  April  6,  1865 — a  period  of  nine 
years,  when  he  resigned — and  now  Rev.  E.  S.  Dulin  was  for  the  third 
time  chosen  to  fill*  the  place.  He  served  the  church  as  pastor  and  the 
college  as  President,  until  August,  1868,  when,  the  double  duties  being 
too  arduous,  he  resigned  the  pastorate  again. 

During  the  year  1867-68,  the  church  built  its  present  house  of  worship, 
on  the  corner  of  Poplar  and  North  streets,  at  a  cost  of  $28,500.  The 
house  being  all  paid  for,  it  was  formally  dedicated  to  the  worship  of 
Almighty  God,  on  July  19,  1868 — the  pastor,  Rev.  Mr.  Dulin,  preaching 
the  sermon  and  offering  the  dedicatory  prayer.  The  number  of  members 
at  this  time  was  299. 

Rev.  Lansing  Burrows  served  the  church  as  pastor  from  November, 
1868,  until  November,  1870.  In  February,  1871,  Rev.  D.  H.  Selph,  D.  D., 
was  elected  pastor  of  the  church,  and  in  August  he  was  also  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  college.  February  1,  1872,  he  resigned  the  pastorate.  On 
the  28th  of  the  same  month,  Rev.  Henry  Talbird,  D.  D.,  was  elected  to 
the  vacant  pastorate,  and  continues  therein  at  the  present  time. 

The  total  amount  raised  and  expended  by  the  church  for  the  year  end- 
ng  April  1,  1881,  was  $1,640.35.  This  church  has  not  been  a  dollar 
behind-hand  at  the  close  of  its  fiscal  year,  for  ten  years  past;  its  finances 
have  been  managed  for  fifteen  years  by  Mr.  M.  F.  Royle,  treasurer,  with 
the  same  care,  promptness,  and  tact,  that  men  apply  to  their  secular  enter- 
prises, and  the  above  noble  record  is  the  result.  Mr.  J.  D.  New  has  been 
the  church  clerk  ever  since  1866,  and  has  kept  his  records  as  systemat- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  443 

ically  posted,  as  if  he  was  a  public  officer  getting  a  good  salary.  The 
church  now  has  about  two  hundred  members.  Its  present  officers  (1881) 
are:  Pastor,  Rev.  H.  Talbird;  Deacons,  M.  F.  Royle,  H.  C.  Wallace,  A. 
V.  Robinson,  Dr.  T.  L.  Bolton ;  clerk,  J.  D.  New;  treasurer,  M.  F.  Royle. 

The  Baptist  Sunday  School  was  organized  in  1841.  M.  F.  Price,  was 
the  first  superintendent,  and  continued  to  serve  for  fifteen  years.  Then 
James  H.  Graham,  John  D.  New,  M.  F.  Price,  and  H.  C.  Wallace,  suc- 
cessively, served  short  terms,  until  January,  1866,  when  M.  F.  Royle  was 
elected  to  the  office,  and  has  served  therein  ever  since.  Its  officers  for 
1881:  superintendent,  M.  F.  Royle;  assistant  superintendent,  John  W. 
Waddell;  secretary,  W.  L.  New;  treasurer,  W.  K.  Threlkeld;  librarian, 
A.  V.  Robinson;  assistant  librarian,  C.  H.  Royle.  Average  attendance 
about  135. 

The  Episcopal  Church.  From  the  parish  record  we  quote:  "It  was 
on  Whit-Sunday,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  1844,  that  the  Rt.  Rev.  Jack- 
son Kemper,  D.  D.,  first  bishop  in  charge  of  Missouri,  accompanied  by  a 
missionary,  the  Rev.  St.  Michael  Fackler,  for  the  first  time  performed 
divine  service  in  Lexington.  The  bishop  preached  on  that  dav  to  a  large 
congregation.  *  *  On  Easter  Sunday,  A.  D.,  1845,  the  parish 
was  organized  and  named  the  parish  of  Christ  church,  Lexington,  Mis- 
souri." 

The  first  wardens  were  Robert  N.  Smith,  and  Paul  Reinhard;  the  first 

vestrymen,  Lawson  Grant,  Daniel  C.  Relf,  Henry  Smack, Collins, 

and Foster.     Rev.  Mr.  Fackler  was  the  first  rector,  and  remained 

until  Easter  Monday,  1847,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health. 
From  the  parish  records  we  again  copy: 

"The  corner  stone  [of  their  present  house  of  worship]  was  laid  June  30, 
1848,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  C.  L.  Hawks,  D.  D.,  bishop  of  the  diocese,  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  congregation — theRev.  A.  D.Corbyn  of  Boonville,  and 
the  Rev.  J.  A.  Harrison,  [then  rector  of  this  parish]  being  present  and 
assisting.  The  church  was  used  first  for  divine  worship,  the  first  Sunday 
in  Advent,  1848.  It  was  publicly  consecrated  to  the  worship  of  Almighty 
God,  on  the  first  Sunday  in  Advent,  1850,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  C.  S.  Hawks, 
bishop  of  the  diocese;  the  Rev.  A.  D.  Corbyn,  J.  W.  Dunn,  and  J.  A.  Har- 
rison being  present  and  assisting." 

The  successive  rectors  of  this  parish  have  been  Rev.  St.  Michael  Fack- 
ler, J.  A.  Harrison,  D.  G.  Estes,  G.  K.  Dunlap,  Thompson  L.  Smith,  John 
W.  Dunn,  and  A.  T.  Sharpe,  the  present  incumbent.  The  present  mem- 
bership is  100. 

The  church  edifice  is  a  neat  and  tasteful  brick  structure,  on  the  corner 
of  Main  Cross,  and  Franklin  streets,  and  cost  about  $6,000.  The  interior 
finish  is  entirely  of  oiled  black  walnut,  with  gothic  truss  roof-arch  in 
view.     The  Sunday  school  has  an  average  attendance  of  about  fifty  pupils 


414  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  ten  teachers,  with  a  library  of  100  volumes.     Wm,  F.  Kerdolff,  is  the 
superintendent. 

The  M.  E.  Church,  {German)  was  organized  in  1850,  by  David  Huene. 
In  1851,  a  brick  church  on  Poplar  street  was  bought,  [cost  not  reported.] 
In  1878,  this  building  burnt  down,  and  a  new  brick  building  was  erected 
in  1879,  at  a  cost  of  $2,400,  and  was  dedicated  on  the  17th  of  August, 
1879,  by  J.  G.  Kost.  Their  pastors  have  been  David  Huene,  Chas.  F. 
Langer,  Rudolph  Havighorst,  J.  G.  Kost,  Siegmund  Vogel,  Phil.  Hehner, 
Constantin  Steinley,  Philip  J.  Mai,.  Gottlieb  Wedmann,  John  P.  Miller,  J. 
M.  Dewein,  J.  A.  Mueller,  F.  W.  Meyer,  Jac.  Young,  C.  Steinmeyer,  J.  J. 
Eichenberger,  C.  Mardoff,  P.  Hehner,  Julius  Franz,  J.  H.  Asling  and 
their  present  pastor,  John  C.  Demand.  Present  membership  23.  There 
is  a  Sunday  school  in  connection  with  the  church.  U.  G.  Phetzing, 
superintendent.     Library  200  volumes. 

Catholic  Church. — The  Catholic  church  of  the  city  of  Lexington,  Mo., 
was  first  organized  in  1853,  and  the  same  year  a  church  building  was 
erected,  of  brick,  at  a  cost  of  $3,000.  It  was  dedicated  by  the  most  Rev'd. 
P.  R.  Kenrick,  archbishop  of  St.  Louis.  A  new  fine  large  brick  church 
was  built  in  1873,  on  Third,  north  of  Broadway  street,  and  was  dedicated 
in  1876,  by  the  Right  Rev'd.  P.J.  Ryan,  of  St.  Louis.  This  building  was 
destroyed  by  a  wind  storm,  April  14,  1880,  making  a  loss  to  the  parish  of 
$20,000.  The  first  pastor  of  this  charge  was  Rev.  Thomas  Cussack,  suc- 
ceeded in  turn  by  Rev's.  James  Murphy,  Bernard  Donnelly,  Daniel  Healy, 
Eugene  O'Hea,  Edward  Hamill,  O.  S.  J.  Hoog,  Thomas  Cooney,  and 
John  J.  Lilly,  now  in  charge.  The  board  of  directors  are:  The  pastor, 
ex  officio  president;  John  Mulligan,  secretary;  J.  J.  Lilly,  treasurer  -pro tern ; 
Patrick  O'Malley,  and  Killian  Long.  The  church  was  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  Missouri,  in  May,  1880.  The  Sunday  school  was  estab- 
lished in  1853;  it  now  has  about  seventy  members,  and  a  library  of  325 
volumes. 

The  parochial  school  for  catholic  children  is  kept  in  the  church  by  Rev. 
Father  Lilly. 

The  Evangelical  Trinity  church,  (German),  was  organized  August  15, 
1877,  with  Henry  Winkler,  Henry  Hainkel,  Henry  Wieman,  Nicholas 
Sigwart  and  C.  G.  Ludwigs  constituting  a  portion  of  the  original  member- 
ship. 

The  church  building  which  they  occupy,  is  built  of  brick,  and  rented 
from  the  Lexington  German  school  society.  The  Revs.  Drevel  and 
Edward  Klimpke  have  been  pastors  of  this  congregation,  which  at  the 
present  time  (1881)  has  thirty-three  communicants. 

The  Sunday  school  connected  with  this  church  was  organized  at  the 
time  the  church  was,  and  consists  of  about  70  pupils.  It  has  a  library  of 
about  200  volumes.     The  pastor  superintends. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  445 

CIVIC    ORDERS. 

Lafayette  Lodge,  No.  32,  A.  F.  and  A.  M. — Organized,  June  3,  1840, 
First  charter  dated,  Oct.  8,  1840.  It  was  surrendered  Dec.  1,  1866,  and  a 
new  charter  issued  Oct.  19,  1867,  with  original  name  and  number. 

The  following  were  the  first  members,  and  also  the  first  officers: 

Thomas  Benedict,  W.  M.;  Martin  Fitzpatrick,  S.  W.;  James  C.  Mason, 
J.  W.;  James  W.  Wetzel,  treasurer;  Cyrus  Osborn,  secretary,  pro  tern;  P. 
Phipps,  S.  D.:  C.  Osborn,  J.  D.;  Wm.  Houx,  steward  and  tyler. 

The  present  officers  are:  Zenophon  Ryland,  W.  M.;  James  P.  Hall, 
S.  W.;  Wm.  A.  Bethel,  J.  W.;  Thomas  J.  Banden,  treasurer;  John  E. 
Ryland,  secretary;  Phillip  Keller,  S.  D.;  Jos.  Wolf,  J.  D.;  Jacob  A.  Price, 
tyler.  Present  number  of  members,  39.  Zenophon  Ryland  is  past  grand 
master,  and  John  E.  Ryland  is  past  D.  grand  master. 

Lexington  R.  A.  Chapter  No.  10. — Organized  February,  1848,  by 
John  F.  Ryland.  Date  of  charter,  October  13,  1848.  The  following  first 
officers  are  all  of  the  charter  members  reported:  John  F.  Ryland,  high 
priest;  Howard  Williams,  king;  Cyrus  Osborn, scribe;  Howard  Williams, 
treasurer;  John  Williams,  secretary,  John  J.  Burtis,  C.  H.;  Andrabella 
Dowden,  R.  A.  C;  L.  S.  Cornwell,  P.  S.;  Thomas  P.  Ashly,  M.  3d  V.; 
John  Wilson,  M.  2d  V.;  Frank  H.  Goshen,  M.  1st  V.;  John  S.  Porter, 
guard. 

The  present  officers  are:  Phillip  Keller,  H.  P.;  C.  E.  Ballard,  K.;  Ethan 
Allen,  S.;  Robert  Taulman,  treasurer,  Xenophon  Ryland,  secretary;  R 
F.  Norfolk,  C.  H.;  P.  H.  Chambers,  P.  S.;  David  Rufell,  R.  A.  C.;j[ 
Wolf,  M.  3d  V.;  John  B.  Blackwell,  M.  2d  V.;  John  E.  Ryland,  M.  1st  V.; 
A.  J.  Hall  and  O.  E.  Allstodt,  stewards;  J.  A.  Price,  guard.  Present 
number  of  members,  36.  Xenophon  Ryland  is  Past  Grand  H.  P.;  John 
F.  Ryland  was  P.  G.  H.  P.,  now  deceased. 

Lexington  Lodge  No.  149,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. — Organized  June  4, 1855,  by 
L.  S.  Cornwell,  M.  W.  G.  M.  The  charter  members  were:  O.  Ander- 
son, G.  A.  Kein,  J.  Vaughn,  J.  B.  Alexander,  R.  B.  Bradford,  J.  A.  Crump, 
D.  F.  Greenwood,  T.  Hinkle,  W.  P.  Walton,  T.  H.  Fox,  S.  Keith,  B.  P. 
Evans,  E.  Winsor,  Wm.  J.  Pigote,  R.  M.  Henderson,  J.  R.  Hale,  and 
thirteen  others;  names  not  reported.  The  first  officers  were :  E.  Winsor, 
W.  M.;  G.  A.  Kein,  S.  W.;  R.  M.  Henderson,  J.  M.:  W.  J.  Pigote,  treas- 
urer; Wm.  Cameron,  secretary;  Smith  Keith,  3-  D.;  T.  H.  Fox,  J.  D.;  G. 
Clayton,  tyler.  The  present  officers  are:  Henry  Sinauer,  W.  M. ;  Geo. 
Hutchinson,  S.  W.;  J.  O.  Lesueur,  J.  W.;  Henry  C.  Boteler,  treasurer; 
Thomas  Standish,  secretary;  W.  G.  Eggleston,  S.  D.;  R.  T.  Jesse,  J.  D.; 
Robert  Hale,  S.  steward;  P.  H.  Chambers,  J.  steward;  Ethan  Allen,  tyler. 
Present  membership,  63.  The  hall  in  which  the  lodge  meets  is  of  brick, 
built  by  John  Aull  and  Wm.  McCausland,  and  rented   of   the   owners. 


446  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

From  April  21,  1862,  up  to  November,  1865,  no  meetings  were  held.  At 
the  latter  date  the  lodge  was  opened  by  Grand  Master  Houston,  who 
gave  notice  that  the}r  were  reinstated,  delivered  them  their  charter,  and 
instructed  them  to  hold  an  election  of  officers,  which  was  held  with  the 
following  result:  E.  Winsor,  W.  M.;  Jessie  Schofield,  S.  W.;  R.  Hale,  J. 
W.;  H.  C.  Boteler,  treasurer;  W.  G.  McCauseland,  secretary.;  B.  R.  Tre- 
laun,  S.  D.;  F.  B.  Hall,  J.  D.;  A.  Walk,  tyler. 

Itaska  Encampment  No.  6,  1.  O.  O.  F — Reorganized  February  14, 
1868,  by  Dr.  J.  F.  Hassell,  D.  D  G.  P.  The  charter  members  were: 
M.  W.  Withers,  Amos  Green,  J.  A.  Price,  W.  W.  Laneborn,  G. 
W.  McKean,  John  Aull,  J.  T.  Hassell,  and  J.  T.  W.  McKean.  The 
first  officers  were:  M.  W.  Withers,  C.  P.;  Amos  Green,  H.  P.;  J. 
A.  Price,  S.  W.;  G.  W.  McKean,  scribe ;  John  Aull,  treasurer.  The  pres- 
ent officers  are:  D.  W.  Fleet,  C.  P.;  C.  G.  Ludwigs,  H.  P.;  J.  M. 
Dicken,  S.  W.;  H.  Sinauer,  scribe;  John  Goehner,  treasurer.  Number  of 
present  members  not  reported.  Hall  is  built  of  brick  and  rented  by  the 
lodge. 

Guttenberg  Lodge,  No.  jlj,  I.  Ot  O.  F— Organized,  May  27,  1874, 
by  G.  W.  McKean,  D.  D.  G.  M.  The  following  were  the  charter  mem- 
bers: Henry  Sinauer,  C.  H.  Schaefermeyer,  J.  F.  E.  Winkler,  John  Joeh- 
ner,  C.  Georges,  J.  G.  Mehl,  John  Fritz,  W.  Siegwart,  S.  Schneider,  N. 

Haerle,  J.  Kiee,  C.  Huepper,  J.  G.  Fischer,  H.   Nagel,  Adam  Walk,  C. 

Mayer.     The  first  officers  were:  H.  Sinauer,  N.  G.;  J.  G.  Mehl,  V.  G.;  C. 

H.  Schaefermeyer,  Secreary ;  John  Goehner,  Treasurer. 

Present  officers  are:    J.  R.  Daehler,  N.  G.;  H.  Wilker,  V.  G.;  C.  H. 

Schaefermeyer,  Secretary;  J.  F.  E.  Winkler,  Treasurer.     This  lodge  has 

a  present  membership  of  39.     Hall  is  rented. 

Harmony  Lodge,  No,  87,  A.   O.    U.    ^.—Organized  Nov.  23,  1878, 

by  Wm.  R.  Sheen,  D.  D.  G.  M.  W. 

The   charter   members    were:     A.    Robinson,  J.  M.    Wotawa,  J.   M. 

Welsh,  S.  S.  Reeder,  Ethan  Allen,  M.  G.  Williams,  S.  J.  Beeler,  C.   B. 

Russel,  H.  Luellan,  F.  C.  T.  Brightwell,  A.  J.  Lauchner,  J.  T.  Hill,  A.  A. 

and  J.  O.  Lesueur. 

The  following  were  the  first  officers:     M.  G.  Williams,  P.  M.   W.;  J. 

0.  Lesueur,  M.  W.;  J.  M.  Wotawa,  Foreman;  A.  V.Robinson,  Overseer; 
F.  C.  T.  Brightwell,  Recorder;  Ethan  Allen,  Financier;  C.  B.  Russell, 
Receiver;  A.  J.  Lauchner, "Guide;  J.  M.  Welsh,  Inside  Watchman;  H. 
Luellan,  Outside  Watchman. 

The  present  officers  are:  Ethan  Allen,  P.  M.  W.;  G.  K.  Smith,  M.  W.; 
A.  V.  Robinson,  F.;  J.  T.  Hill,  O.;  R.  T.  Jesse,  Recorder;  C.  G.  Lud- 
wigs, Financier:  C.  B.  Russell,  Receiver;  C.  H.  Boyle,  Guide;  B.  F.  Hill, 

1.  Watchman;  James  Edelen,  O.  W.     The  number  of  members  at  present 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  447 

time  is  forty-five,  This  lodge  rents  a  hall  over  the  Lexington  Savings 
Bank. 

Myrtle  Lodge,  No.  ji;  order  of  mutual  protection.  Organized  Sept. 
30,  1S80,  by  M.  Randall,  Deputy  Supreme  President.  The  following  were 
the  charter  members:  Chas.  H.  Kid  well,  H.  B.  Midlan,  Albert  Althoff, 
Charles  W.  Loomis,  H.  Sinauer,  F.  K.  Threlkeld,  S.  Sellers,  W.  C.  Hicks, 
J.  P.  Hansam,  Wm.  B.  Wilson,  B.  A.  Gordon,  John  Goehner,  John  Welsch, 
S.  O'Conner,  C.  Watson,  John  Meng,  T.  E.  Austin,  J.  B.  Burris. 

The  first  officers  were:  H.  Sinauer,  President;  W.  B.  Wilson,  Vice 
President;  Chas.  W.  Loomis,  Secretary;  S.  Sellers,  Treasurer.  Present 
officers:  H.  Sinauer,  President;  Wm.  B.  Wilson,  Vice  President;  Chas. 
W.  Loomis,  Treasurer;  S.  Sellers,  Secretary.  Present  membership  twenty. 
Hall  rented. 

Lexington  Turn  Verein. — Organized  by  the  Germans,  June  15,  1859. 
Their  charter  dates  from  Jan.  1,  1860. 

The  charter  members  were:    John  Kriehn,  C.  M.  Pirner,  H.  Winkler, 

F.  Winkler,  G.  A.  Kriehn,  J.  Quandt,  J.  Goehner,  G.  Gunther,  Moses 
Frankel,  C.  Grandorf,  A.  Ruble,  Aug.  Bettin,  A.  Mark,  F.  Lisohetki, 
Louis  Gillin.  The  first  officers  were:  Conrad  Smith,  President,  and 
Chris.  Schoefermeyer,  Secretary.  Present  membership  fifteen.  Their 
hall  is  a  fine,  two  story,  brick  building,  located  on  Main  street,  built  at  a 
cost  of  $3,500. 

The  present  officers  are:  John  Kriehn,  President,  and  C.  M.  Pirner 
Secretary. 

Socialcr  Turn  Verein. — Organized  in  1880.  Original  members  were: 
H.  Wilker,  C.  H.  Schaefermeyer,  H.  Sinauer,  Chas.  Kreihn,  H.  Schmidt, 
J.  Winkler,  Oswald  and  A.  Winkler,  Erwin  Haekker,  J.  Hainkel,  G.  Kist, 
T.  W.  Haerle,  H.  Geiger,  A.  Althoff,  J.  Kiefer,  Wm.  Mehl,  Aug.  Krenp- 
ner,  J.  Doehler,  F.  R.  Haerle,  Gus.  Haerle,  Jos.  Homer,  C.  Walk,  E. 
Schawe,  John  Fritz,  Lorenzo  Lestagro,  H.  Kiefer. 

The  original  officers  were:  C.  H.  Schaefermeyer,  President;  C.  H. 
Kriehn,  Vice  President;  H-  Wilker,  1st  Turn  wart;  J.  Doehler,  2d  T.;  H. 
Schmidt,  Secretary;  Wm.  Winkler,  Fin.  Secretary;  H.  Geiger,  Treasurer. 
The  present  officers  are:  C.  H.  Schaefermeyer,  President;  H.  Keifer, 
Vice  President;  H.  Wilker,  1st  Turnwart;J.  Winkler,  2d  T.;  H.  Schmidt, 
Secretary;  Wm.  Winkler,  Fin.  Secretary;  E.  Hoekker,  Treasurer.  Pres- 
ent member  fifty-five.     Hall  is  built  of  brick. 

Knights  of  Honor. — Lexington  Lodge  No.  2018  K.  of  H.,  was  organ- 
ized February  2,  1880,  by  W.  A.  Halstead,  Deputy  Grand  Dictator.  The 
charter  members  were:  Alexander  Graves,  J.  O.  Lesueur,  Geo.  F.  Mait- 
land,  P.  S.  Fulkerson,  Ethan  Allen,  J.  W.  Rinehart,  F.  C.  T.  Brightwell, 

G.  S.  Rathbun,  A.  V.  Robinson,  G.  W.  Mountjoy,  L.  R.  Harrison,  W. 
C.  White,  T.  G.  Young,  S.  M.   Harris,  George  King,  J.  W.  Harrison,  S. 


448  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

S.  Reeder,  J.  S.  Blackwell,  J.  D.  Connor,  A.  W.  Smith,  G.  C.  Graham, 
F.  K.  Threlkeld,  John  D.  New,  C.  H.  Royle,  James  Edelen,  M.  F.  Royle, 
Tames  A.  Quarles.  The  first  officers  were:  A.  V.  Robinson,  Past  Dic- 
tator^. O.  Leseuer,  Dictator;  J.  S.  Blackwell,  V.  D.;  G.  F.  Maitland* 
Asst.  D.;  S.  M.  Harris,  Reporter;  Ethan  Allen,  Financial  Reporter;  G. 
M.  Mountjoy,  Treasurer;  John  D.  New,  Chaplain;  C.  H.  Royle,  Guide; 
F.  C.  T.  Brightwell,  Guardian;  James  Edelen,  Sentinel.  At  the  present 
time  (3  881)  they  have  forty  members.  The  present  officers  are:  J.  S. 
Blackwell,  P.  D.;  W.  G.  McCausland,  D.;  G.  F.  Maitland,  V.  D.;  F.  C. 
T.  Brightwell,  Asst.  D.;  R.  T.Jesse,  Reporter;  C.  H.  Royle,  Fin.  Repr.; 
D.  W.  B.  Tevis,  Treas.;  G.  L.  Leyburn,  Chaplain;  Geo.  Hutchison, 
Guide;  Ethan  Allen,  Guar.;  James  Edelen,  Sen. 

fhe  Lexington  Liederkranz  (singing  society)  was  organized  August  26, 
1872,  by  the  following  named  German  citizens,  who  were  also  charter 
members:  Nicholas  Haerle,  Chris.  Georges,  Jacob  Fegert,  John  Daehler, 
Charles  Weber,  Rudolph  Willibald,  John  Kriehn,  August  Bettin,  Henry 
Blomberg,  Moses  Frankel,  D.  Stalling,  Joseph  Baehr,  Albert,  Dollinger, 
Andrew  Marks,  John  G.  Fischer,  Charles  Homer,  Charles  Furstenberg, 
C.  G.  Ludwigs,  H.  Pheifer  and  William  Stuck. 

The  first  officers  were  Albert  Dollinger,  President;  C.  G.  Ludwigs, 
Secretary,  and  John  Kriehn,  Treasurer. 

The  present  officers  are  Henry  Winkler,  President;  C.  G.  Ludwigs, 
Vice-President;  Edward  W.  H.  Ahrens,  Secretary,  and  J.  F.  E.Winkler, 
Treasurer. 

This  society  occupies  a  hall  40x75  feet,  on  the  third  floor  of  Mr.  John 
Kriehn's  new  building,  situated  near  the  corner  of  North  and  Cedar 
streets.  The  officers  of  this  society  are  elected  twice  a  year — at  the 
regular  meetings  in  February  and  August.  The  newly  elected  officers 
take  their  seats  at  the  regular  meetings  of  March  and  September.  Those 
elected  for  the  term  commencing  September  5,  1881,  are  as  follows:  H. 
J.  E.  Ahrens,  President;  C.  G.  Ludwigs,  Vice-President;  Henry  Sinauer, 
Secretary,  and  J.  F.  E.  Winkler,  Treasurer. 

The  object  of  this  society  is  the  promotion  of  German  song,  customs, 
usages,  etc.  They  keep  up  at  the  least,  a  completely  organized  "  double 
quartette,"  which,  under  the  leadership  of  one  of  the  best  teachers  in  the 
West — Prof.  Gimbel,  Jr., — sings  once  a  week.  At  various  times  during 
the  season  they  give  concerts,  soirees,  balls  and  other  amusements,  which 
invariably  meet  with  success. 

The  society  is  incorporated  and  owns  propertv  valued  at  $800 — among 
which  is  a  Chickering  piano,  worth  $600.      The  names  of  the  present 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  449 

members,  numbering  sixty-five,  are  here  given:  C.  Georges,*  Jacob 
Fegert,  Charles  Weber,  Moses  Frankel,  Andrew  Marks,  Charles  Homer,* 
C.  G.  Ludwigs,  James  Musatti,  J.  H.  Schultze,*  Leo.  Rupple,  Henry 
Sinauer,  Aug.  Maushund,  William  Meierer,  Frank  E.  Kriehn,  Karl 
Spengler, William  Winkler,  William  B.Steele,  Aug.  Leppert,G.  A.  Kriehn, 
George  King,  Frank  Trigg,  A.  T.  Johnson,  Louis  Patterson,  Harry 
Turner,  H.  [.  E.  Ahrens,  William  Mohn,*  Robert  Davis,  A.  A.  Lesueur, 
John  D.  Duvall,  J.  F.  E.  Winkler,  Gust.  Kist,  M.  E.  Keller,  Morris  Gratz, 
Joe  Homer,  F.  Erwin  Haecker,  M.  L.  DeMotte,  Louis  Scheider,  Henry 
Wilker,  E.  Hoffman,  E.  C.  Ballard,  Thos.  Gosewisch,  Sr.,  E.  W.  H. 
Ahrens,  C.  H.  Schaefermeyer,  Henry  Winkler,  Nicholas  Siegward, 
Edward  F.  Meyer,  Jacob  Klee,  Albert  AlthofFJohn  G.  Mehl,  F.  K.  Tutt, 
Thomas  Dickens,  Ferd.  Fassbander,  August  Bettin,  Caspar  Seelig,  L. 
Rostagno,  Jacob  Thomas,  Herman  Krause,  Thomas  Lewis,  George 
Marquart,  Thomas  J.  Johns,  Peter  Coen,  William  Coen. 

Prof.  Charles  Gimbel,  Jr.,  Nicholas   Haerle,  A.   W.  Smith  and  John 
Daehler,  are  honorary  members. 

JLexington  Fire  Cotnftany. — This  company  was  organized  January  25, 
1844.  B.  H.  Wilson  was  the  first  president,  but  we  found  no  record  of 
the  first  members.  On  September  17,  1850,  they  bought  a  lot  of  twenty 
feet  on  Laurel  street,  from  Henry  Flynt,  at  a  cost  of  $315,  and  on  June 
28,  1852,  bought  from  Wm.  Boyce,  nine  inches  fronting  on  Laurel  street, 
at  a  cost  of  $67;  and  the  engine  house  was  built  On  these  grounds.  This 
building  is  now  used  as  police  headquarters  and  for  city  purposes  gener- 
ally, the  engine  having  been  removed  to  a  small  shed  in  the  rear  of  the 
city  calaboose.f  In  1858  Elizabeth  Aull  bequeathed  $100  to  this  com- 
pany. January  4,  1866,  the  following  officers  were  elected:  President, 
J.  W.  Zeiler;  vice-president,  Jas.  Hays;  secretary,  Sam '1  S.  Earl;  trea- 
surer, John  Cowie;  first  engineer,  Benj.  Marshall;  second  engineer,  S.  M. 
Maxey;  hose  captain,  C.  R.  Clayton;  first  hose  director,  G.  M.  Clayton; 
second  hose  director,  John  Mullin;  standing  committee,  B.  H.  Wilson,  J. 
T.  Goodbrake,  B.  T.  John,  and  James  McLaughlin.  January  31,  1870, 
the  following  officers  were  elected:  President,  B.  H.  Wilson;  vice-presi- 
dent, Jo.  A.  Wilson;  secretary,  Jack S.  Williams;  treasurer,  Albert  Booth- 
man;  first  engineer,  C.  A.  Morrison;  second  engineer,  Ed.  Kramer;  hose 
captain,  E.  Turner;  first  director,  J.  T.  Taylor;  second  director,  Wm. 
Kramer;  janitor,  J.  C.  Clayton;  standing  committee,  Benj.  Marshall,  John 
Cowie,  J.  W.  Waddell. 

*  The  asterisk  signifies  deceased;  but  by  certain  rules  of  the  society  the  names  are 
retained  on  the  list  of  members,  whether  deceased  or  removed  from  the  city. 

fRobert  Hale  was  the  first  president  of  thiscompany  on  its  reorganization  after  the  war. 
In  1872  attempts  were  made  to  sell  the  old  hand  engines  and  get  a  steam  fire  engine.  The 
controversy  in  city  council  and  elsewhere  over  this  matter,  resulted  in  breaking  up  the  fire 
company;  and  there  has  been  none  since. 


450  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

In  the  old  town  of  Lexington  there  is  an  engine  house  on  Clark, 
between  Main  and  Washington  streets.  In  now  contains  an  old  fash- 
ioned 12-man-power  fire  engine,  a  hose-reel  and  quantity  of  hose,  all  first- 
class,  in  their  day,  but  now  in  neglected  condition.  This  house,  it  is  said, 
was  built  in  1856,  by  the  Sons  of  Temperance  for  their  own  use  as  a  hall. 

August  27,  1867,  a  board  of  immigration  was  organized  in  Lexington; 
its  first  officers  v\ ere :  N.  Hearle,  president;  B.  Meyer,  vice-president; 
John  Quandt,  cashier;  C.  G.  Ludwigs,  secretary;  H.  Wilkening,  and 
Louis  Gillen,  subscription  committee.  E.  Quast,  agent  in  Freedom  town- 
ship.    The  meeting  was  held  in  Turners'  hall. 

There  have  been  in  the  city,  lodges  of  the  orders  of  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance, Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle,  Good  Templars,  Knights  of  Pythias, 
and  doubtless  some  others,  but  we  could  not  get  any  authencic  data  in 
regard  to  them,  as  they  died  out  years  ago. 

Lexington  Guards  Band. — Originally  organized  in  October,  1876,  under 
the  name  of  the  Lexington  Cornet  Band.  Reorganized  in  July,  1881, 
since  which  time  it  has  been  known  as  the  Lexington  Guards  Band.  The 
original  members  were:  Chas.  F.  Homer,  Chas.  M.  Bennett,  Carey  Hip- 
son,  Henry  H.  Smith,  Dan.  B.  Carroll,  Luther  Guard,  Wm.  L.  Bullard, 
Millard  F.  Graham. 

Following  is  the  name  of  each  present  member  and  the  instrument 
which  he  plays:  Charles  E.  Cors,  1st  E  flat  cornet;  Henry  H.  Smith,  2d 
E  flat  cornet;  Chas.  M.  Bennet,  solo  B  flat  cornet;  Charles  F.  Homer,  1st 
B  flat  cornet;  Dan  B.  Carroll,  1st  E  flat  alto;  George  W.  Mullenix,  2d  E 
flat  alto;  Martin  F.  Russell,  trombone;  Robert  B.  Berrie,  2d  tenor;  M. 
F.  Graham,  E  flat  bass;  M.  W.  Murphy,  bass  drum;  Wm.  L.  Bullard, 
snare  drum.  The  present  officers  are,  R.  B.  Berrie,  president;  M.  F. 
Russell,  vice-president;  Chas.  M.  Bennett,  secretary;  M.  F.  Graham, 
treasurer. 

In  October,  1878,  the  band  purchased  a  set  of  Conn  &  Dupont's  cele- 
brated instruments,  at  a  cost  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  ($650)  dollars; 
making  enough  to  pay  for  them  the  first  season.  Since  June  1, 1881,  they 
have  purchased  an  elegant  uniform,  costing  $400. 

Lexington  Guards,  N.  G.  M.  1S80. — This  military  company  was  organ- 
ized under  the  state  laws,  August  30,  1880.  Sixty-two  names  were 
enrolled  as  charter  members.  The  first  officers  of  the  company  were: 
Captain,  Joseph  A.  Wilson,  1st  lieutenant,  F.  K.  Tutt;  2d  lieutenant,  A. 
R.  Leard;  1st  sergeant,  W.  G.  Eggleston;  2d,  R.  A.  Hicklin;  3d,' J.  M. 
Crawder.  4th,  W.  J.  Morrison;  5th,  T.  J.  Duling.  Ed.  W.  H.  Ahrens, 
company  clerk  and  corporal. 

They  secured  the  third  floor  of  a  building,  known  as  Baehr's  Cave,  a 
room  40x65  feet,  for  an  Armory  Hall.  The  state  furnished  them  with  65 
Springfield  rifled  muskets,  but  the  company  furnished  their  own  uniforms 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  451 

and  other  outfit,  and  had  their  armory  provided  with  gun  closets  and 
other  fixtures  suitable  tor  its  purpose.  They  wear  the  U.  S.  uniform,  with 
the  state  buttons.  They  meet  for  drill  every  Thursday  night,  and  have 
target  practice  twice  a  month. 

In  June,  1881,  the  Lexington  Silver  Cornet  Band  cast  its  fortunes  with 
this  military  company,  and  changed  their  name  to  Lexington  Guards  Band, 
whereupon  the  military  company  furnished  them  with  uniforms  and  hel- 
mets. The  combined  company  and  band,  got  up  tor  1881  a  genuine  old- 
fashioned  Fourth  of  July  celebration.  Speeches  were  made  by  X.  Ryland, 
Esq.,  Judge  Wm.  Walker,  A.  J.  Hall,  and  Col.  McClelland.  A  sham 
battle  and  other  amusements  were  also  well  carried  out;  and  this  celebra- 
tion of  the  national  holiday  was  more  generally  engaged  in  by  the  people 
of  the  county,  than  any  other  since  the  war.  The  military  company 
cleared  $300  by  it,  after  paying  $100  expenses,  and  the  whole  day's  pro- 
ceedings were  voted  a  grand  success. 

The  company  had  many  difficulties  to  contend  with  during  the  first  year, 
in  perfecting  its  organization  and  securing  proper  discipline;  but  now  their 
affairs  are  in  good,  healthy  shape.  They  have  45  members,  uniformed,  in 
regular  and  good  standing,  thirty  of  whom  were  charter  members.  The 
following  is  a  full  list  of  the  company,  September  1,  1881: 

Capt.  Jos.  A.  Wilson,  First.  Lieut.  Frank  K.  Tutt,  Second  Lieut.  John 
A.  Bayliss. 

Sergeants. — W.  G.  Eggleston,  William  J.  Morrison,  Edward  W.  H.  Ah- 
rens,  Isaac  O.  Hays. 

Company  Clerk. — Edward  W.  H.  Ahrens. 

Privates.— James  Aull,  C.  E.  Ballard,  Wm.  Bolton,  J.  B.  Burris,  Rob- 
ert Barnet,  William  Boothman,  David  Callahan,  J.  R.  Cather,  J.  Milton 
Crowder,  Edward  M.  Davis,  W.  W.  Easter,  Siegel  Fisher,  S.  F.  Grimes, 
John  W.  Grant,  Jr.,  Samuel  Green,  Thomas  Graddy,  Hay  Heathman,  A. 
J.  Hall,  J.  H.  Hall,  Thos.  J.  Hall,  Robert  Hicklin,  Eph.  King,  W. 
H.  Loomis,  G.  H.  Logan,  John  Limerick,  John  Morrison,  Earnest  Mc- 
Causland,  Wm.  L.  New,  J.  P.Ryland,  George  L.  Schofield,  George  L.  San- 
difer,  Charles  Sandifer,  Robert  E.  Smith,  W.  E.  Tarlton,  E.  B.  Vaughan, 
Walter  Waddell,  James  D.  Ferguson,  Pat  Lyons. — Total  45. 

PUBLIC    SCHOOLS    OF    LEXINGTON    CITY. 

The  new  State  constitution  of  1865  established  a  school  system  new  and 
untried  in  this  State,  and  its  beginnings  are  therefore  historic.  The  first 
school  meeting  under  the  new  plan  held  in  Lexington  was  on  September 
8,  1866,  and  we  here  quote  the  official  record: 

"  Pursuant  to  notice  previously  given,  and  by  authority  of  an  act  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  State  of'  Missouri,  approved  March  29th,  1866, 
the  qualified  voters  of  the  sub-school  district,  No.  1,  Township  51,  Range 
27,  in  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  assembled  at  the  school  house  on  Sat- 


452  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

urday,  September  8th,  1866,  and  organized  by  appointment  of  Wm. 
Boyce  as  chairman  and  John  W.  Waddell  as  secretary.  The  following 
named  persons  were  then  put  in  nomination  for  the  office  of  School  Direc- 
tors, viz:  Jesse  F.  Atkison,  Jacob  A.  Price,  Robert  Taylor,  Edward  Win- 
sor.  The  polls  were  then  opened  and  forty-one  votes  were  cast.  Jacob 
A.  Price  was  declared  duly  elected  director  for  three  years,  Robert  Tay- 
lor for  two  years,  and  Edward  Winsor  for  one  year  from  this  date  Septem- 
ber 8th,  1866. " 

At  a  meeting  of  directors  held  Sept.  10th,  1866,  "as  authorized  by  law, 
Jacob  A.  Price  adminstered  the  oath  of  loyalty  to  Edward  Winsor  and 
Edward  Winsor  administered  the  oath  of  loyalty  to  Robert  Taylor  and 
Jacob  A.  Price.  "  At  a  meeting  held  at  the  office  of  E.  Winsor,  Sept.  21, 
1866,  Mr.  F.  Ballingall  was  duly  elected  to  take  charge  of  the  school  as 
principal  and  Miss  Anna  M.  Dowden  as  assistant.  The  pay  of  the  princi- 
pal was  fixed  at  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  per  month  and  that 
of  the  assistant  at  forty  dollars  per  month.  Then  at  a  meeting  held  May 
30th,  1867,  an  estimate  was  made  of  the  expenses  necessary  to  sustain  the 
public  schools  for  four  months  in  the  year  1867  as  follows: 

FOR    WHITE    MALE    AND    FEMALE    SCHOOL. 

One  male  teacher  four  months $100  00 

One  female  teacher  four  months 200  00 

One  female  teacher  one  month 50  00 

Repairs  on  school  house 266  00 

Furniture  already  bought 155  47 

Additional  furniture  needed 100  00 

Insurance  on  school  house 38  75 

COLORED    MALE  AND  FEMALE   SCHOOL. 

One  female  teacher  four  months   $200  00 

Rent  of  school  house 80  00 

Furniture  needed 120  00 

Expenses  of  collecting  tax 100  00 

Township  map  and  apparatus 20  00 

Add  for  delinquent  such  as  may  never  be  collected 125  00 

Less  the  Aull  school  fund 50  00. 

Township  school  fund   156  41 

An  enumeration  of  the  school  children  was  taken  by  Patrick  Jones,  as 
follows: 

White    males 561        Females 570      Total 1,131 

Colored     "     222  "        323         "      .545 

Totals 983  893  1,676 

At  a  meeting  June  29th,  1867  an  election  was  held,  and  the  following 
persons  were  elected  a  board  of  directors:  For  one  year,  Ethan  Allen  and 
L.  Davis;  for  two  years,  M.  L.  De  Motte  and  John  E.  Ryland;  for  three 
years,  Edward  Winsor  and  A.  H.  McFadden.  Mr.  McFadden  was  made 
permanent  president  and  E.  Allen  chosen  permanent  secretary.    John   E. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  453 

Ryland  was  elected  treasurer.     Mr.  Allen  has  been  a    member   of  the 
board  from  that  time  to  the  present — 1881. 

Mr.  Wild  took  a  school  census  of  the  city  in  Aprrl  1873,  which  gave 
the  following  figures: 

Males.  Females. 

White  school  children 597  726—       1,323 

Colored  school  children 210  238—          448 

Totals 807  964—       1,771 

The  total  population  of  the  city  at  that  time,  was  4,367. 

Lexington  city  district  takes  in  a  square  of  one  mile  each  way  beyond 
city  limits,  and  this  territory  is  divided  into  three  sub-districts.  Sub-dis- 
trict No.  1  has  a  two  story  brick  school  house  which  cost  $6,000,  on  the 
corner  of  Forest  and  Boundary  streets,  in  what  is  called  Irish  town.  Sub- 
district  No.  2  has  a  school  house  on  Ridgeway  street,  which  was  built 
before  the  war  and  cost  about  $5,000.  The  high  school  and  second  ward 
school  of  the  city  are  both  held  in  this  building.  It  cost  less  than  the  oth- 
ers because  built  when  labor  and  material  were  very  much  cheaper.  Sub- 
district  No.  3  has  a  school  houje  on  the  corner  of  Mulberry  and  Franklin 
streets,  which  cost  $6,000. 

A  large  building  on  North  street,  between  Main  Cross  and  Franklin 
streets,  is  rented  by  the  school  board  for  the  colored  schools.  The  teach- 
ers of  the  several  schools  this  year  are:  High  school,  principal,  Prof. 
George  M.  Catron;  assistant,  Miss  Nannie  Shaw.  First  ward,  principal, 
Miss  Nettie  B.  Wallace;  assistant,  Miss  Birdie  Allen.  Second  ward,  first 
assistant,  Miss  Gussie  Keller;  second  assistant,  Miss  Jeanie  Finley;  third 
assistant,  Miss  Maggie  Ryland.  Third  Ward,  principal,  Miss  Mary  H. 
Smith;  first  assistant,  Miss  Florence  Arnold;  second  assistant,  Miss  Ida 
Morath.  Colored  school,  principal,  Prof.  J.  H.Cole;  first  assistant,  Miss 
Nettie  Steele;  second  assistant,  Prof.  E.  G.  Cole;  third  assistant,  Mrs 
Fannie  B.  Cole. 

Lexington  German  School  Society. — Organized  September  28,  1865. 
There  were  34  of  the  original  members.  The  first  board  of  trustees 
were  C.  H.  Schueneman,  Fredrick  Winkler  and  John  Quandt.  The 
school  run  for  awhile  till  the  experiment  of  teaching  German  in  the  public 
schools  was  taken  up,  when  this  school  stopped.  But  the  experiment 
was  soon  given  up,  as  the  English  is  the  only  language  recognized  by 
the  American  system  of  government.  The  German  school  was  then 
started  again,  and  in  1879  the  society  bought  from  the  Cumberland  Pres- 
byterian congregation,  their  house  of  worship  on  Main  Cross  street,  for 
$2,000;  they  spent  $500  more  for  seats  and  other  fixtures,  and  established 
the  school  here.  (The  school  society  rents  Sunday  use  of  their  building 
to  the  German  Evangelical  church).      The  first  teacher  of  the  ^German 


V- 


454  HISTORY    OF    LAFAVETTE    COUNTY. 

school  was  Prof.  C.  Gruber.  The  present  teacher  is  Prof.  Doehring. 
Both  German  and  English  languages  are  taught;  there  have  been  usu- 
ally 30  to  40  pupils. 

For  history  of  the  Wentworth  academy  and  three  female  colleges  of 
Lexington,  see  chapter  on  "  Schools  and  Colleges,"  of  this  county. 

ELIZABETH    AULL's    WILL. 

The  last  will  and  testament  of  Miss  Elizabeth  Aull  was  the  initial 
point  of  what  has  since  won  a  state  reputation  as  the  "  Elizabeth  Aull 
Female  Seminary;"  but  in  addition  to  this,  that  will  is  one  of  the  distin- 
guishing historic  incidents  in  the  annals  of  the  city  of  Lexington.  The 
document  comprises  no  less  than  forty-five  distinct  and  numbered  items  of 
bequest.  The  specified  sums  in  special  bequests  amounted  to  $67,700;  but 
the  entire  estate  was  valued  at  $150,000,  the  largest  yet  recorded  in  this 
county,  except  that  of  Hyman  G.  Graham,  recorded  October  30,  1858, 
which  was  also  valued  at  $150,000.  The  following  list  gives  all  the 
bequests  made  by  Miss  Aull,  which  have  a  historic  or  general  public 
interest: 

To  the  "Board  of  Domestic  Missions  of  the  General  Assembly 

of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  "  $  5,000 

To  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  of  the  same 5,000 

To  Board  of  Education,  of  the  same 5,000 

To  the  American  Bible  Society 5,000 

To  the  American  Tract  Society 500 

To  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Lexington,  Mo 500 

To  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  New  Castle,  Delaware 500 

To  the  Presbyterian  Sabbath  School  of  Lexington 200 

To  the  Lexington  Fire  Company 100 

Toward  founding  a   female  seminary,  real  estate  ($10,000),  and 

money  ($10,000),  amounting  to 20,000 

But  the  conditions  of  this  last  bequest  were  not  carried  out,  and  the 
seminary  ultimately  only  obtained  a  lesser  property  than  that  described  in 
the  will,  and  $5,000  in  money.  (See  history  of  "Elizabeth  Aull  Semi- 
nary," in  another  place.)      «<  S  *<. 

LEXINGTON    ARTISTS   AND   CONNOISSEURS. 

Prof.  Charles  Gimbel,  of  Lexington,  is  the  author  of  over  fifty  pieces 
of  sheet  music,  published  by  reputable  houses,  in  St.  Louis,  Chicago, 
Philadelphia,  New  York,  etc.,  and  has  a  national  reputation.  He  is  con- 
nected with  the  Baptist  Female  college. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Boulware  is  wonderfully  skilled  in  worsted  work,  feather 
work,  wax  work,  etc.  Some  of  her  historic  pictures  wrought  in  worsted 
almost  rival  the  original  oil  paintings.  She  is  the  instructor  in  fancy  work 
in  all  three  of  the  female  colleges  of  the  city. 

Henry  Boothman  is  a  scenic  and  landscape  painter  of  considerable  tal- 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  455 

ent.  He  painted  the  drop  curtain,  stage  scenery  etc.,  at  the  opera  house, 
and  other  works  elsewhere. 

Charles  Teubner's  archaeological  collection  is  one  of  the  best  (probably 
not  below  third),  private  collections  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Alexander  is  a  student  of  science,  of  wide  information,  and  in 
some  branches  has  attained  masterful  knowledge  of  natural  laws. 

Joseph  L.  Thomas  is  so  enthusiastic  an  amateur  scientist,  that  he  has  a 
microscope  which  cost  him  $1,100  in  London. 

Mr.  Tevis,  the  druggist,  is  collecting  a  museum  of  specimens  in  natural 
history. 

Howard  Dunn  is  a  superior  civil  engineer  and  topographical  draughts- 
man. 

A.  W.  Smith  is  an  inventor  of  ready  and  practical  genius,  and  has 
obtained  some  very  useful  patents. 

All  the  above  have  given  credit  to  Lexington  by  their  talent  and  labors. 
There  may  be  others  entitled  to  similar  mention  but  these  are  all  we 
gained  knowledge  of  in  this  particular  line  of  intellectual  and  art  work. 

Of  era  House. — This  building  is  built  of  brick,  40x100  feet,  and  located 
on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Laurel  streets.  The  building  was  con- 
structed by  Mr.  Henry  Hagen,  in  the  fall  of  1879,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000, 
inclusive  of  the  ground  upon  which  it  was  built,  and  the  furnishing  of  the 
building  with  furniture  and  scenery  was  an  additional  cost  of  $1,000* 
The  building  is  capable  of  seating  S00  persons  Comfortably.  The  receipts 
of  the  past  year  were  about  $700.  This  enterprise  is  solely  that  of  Mr. 
Henry    Hagen  who  is  owner  and  proprietor. 

Lexington  Manufacturing  Items. — The  Morrison  foundry  at  Lexing- 
ton is  said  to  have  been  the  first  iron  foundry  established  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  but  no  statistics  were  furnished  us  concerning  its  history, 
capacity,  etc. 

In  1869,  a  pottery  was  started  by  Messrs.  Macey  &  Morton,  in  the 
south  part  of  the  city,  a  bed  of  good  pottery  clay  having  been  found  about 
six  miles  out  southward.  The  works  were  accidentally  burned  down, 
then  rebuilt.  But  the  proprietors  could  not  make  a  financial  success  of 
the  thing,  and  had  to  give  it  up. 

In  March,  1867,  Schaefermeyer  &  Peck  started  a  woolen  factory,  out 
toward  the  Missouri  Pacific  depot.  It  was  burned  down  in  August  of 
the  same  year. 

In  1866-7-8,  G.  W.  Baker  run  a  tobacco  factory  in  Lexington,  and  did 
a  good  business  in  manufacturing  for  market  the  tobacco  raised  in  Lafay- 
ette and  surrounding  counties. 

A  man  named  Jordan  has  an  iron  foundry  in  the  city,  but  neglected  to 
furnish   statistics. 

There  is  also  a  pressed  brick  factory,  a  vinegar  works,  a  hemp  works, 


456  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  the  old  Morrison  foundry,  but  no  statistics  were  furnished  us,  after 
due  solicitation  on  our  part.  Hence  their  omission  is  no  fault  of  this  his- 
torian. 

The  furniture  factory  of  H.  and  F.  Winkler,  located  on  the  corner  of 
Elm  and  South  streets,  Lexington,  was  established  by  the  above  named 
gentlemen  in  1856.  Up  to  1870,  the  work  was  principally  done  by  hand, 
but  during  that  year  a  building  25x50  feet  was  erected,  and  machinery 
introduced.  Since  then,  additions  have  been  made,  and  other  buildings 
erected,  so  that  at  the  present  time,  1881  the  firm  is  occupying  two  build- 
ings for  manufacturing  purposes,  one  130x45  feet,  and  the  other  35x65 
feet.  These  buildings  with  their  lumber  piles  etc.,  occupy  four  lots  75x140 
feet  each.  These  gentlemen  have  invested  $6,000,  in  grounds  and  build- 
ings, $6,000  in  machinery,  and  $12,000  in  raw  material,  making  a  total 
investment  of  $24,000.  The  machinery  is  run  by  an  engine  of  20  horse 
power.  Forty-five  workmen  are  employed,  and  furniture  to  the  amount 
of  $50,000,  was  manufactured  during  the  past  year,  1880,  and  sold  in  the 
surrounding  country.  Their  office,  store  and  ware  house  is  situated  on 
Franklin  street,  between  Cedar  and  Pine  streets.  The  principal  part  of 
the  lumber  used  is  obtained  in  this  vicinity,  such  as  walnut,  ash,  bass-wood 
maple,  etc.  They  manufacture  all  varieties  of  common  household  furni- 
ture, and  also  school  desks. 

The  flouring  mill  of  W.  F.  KerdofT,  Sr.,  was  established  in  1848  by 
Henry  Smith,  Jesse  Raper  being  miller,  and  Jim  Tandy,  engineer.  Mr. 
W.  F.  KerdofT,  Sr.,  is  the  present  owner,  and  Thomas  M.  Dicken  is  the 
present  miller,  and  W.  H.  Cullum,  engineer.  The  mill  is  built  of  brick, 
45x30  feet,  and  the  engine  room,  40x30,  also  of  brick.  The  capital 
invested  is,  grounds,  $5,000;  warehouse,  $15,000;  machinery,  $8,000; 
uumbe  of  hands  employed,  five;  value  of  Product  past  year  $57,600; 
market,  Lexington  and  St.  Louis. 

There  is  another  flouring  mill  in  the  city,  but  no  statistics  were  fur- 
nished.    Likewise  an  elevator. 

Gas  Works. — The  Lexington  Gaslight  Company  was  incorporated, 
July  7,1875,  by  Tilton  Davis,  J.  S.  Ambrose,  Charles  H.  Boyle.  Davis 
was  made  president  and  Bovle,  secretary  and  superintendent.  Capital 
stock,  $50,000.  The  works  are  located  on  the  corner  of  Pine  and  Shaw- 
nee streets,  opposite  the  end  of  Third  street,  and  consist  of  the  main 
building,  brick,  35x35,  one  story,  and  containing  the  gas  making 
machinery  and  apparatus;  also  the  gasometer,  30  feet  in  diameter  and  14 
feet  high,  capable  of  holding  11,800  cubic  feet  of  gas.  Ambrose  and 
Boyle  built  the  works  on  contract,  September  1,  1881;  a  new  company 
bought  and  took  charge  of  the  works,  consisting  of  A.  D.  Cressler,  pres- 
ident; R.  R.  Dickey,  secretary  and  treasurer  and  superintendent  of  the 
works;  E.  H.  Dickey,  A.  C.  Cressler  and  J.    Longdon.      The  company 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  457 

has  now  about  four  miles  of  pipe  laid;  has  65  street  lamps  to  serve,  and 
on  October  1,  1881,  had  about  90  private  customers.  The  city  pays 
$27.50  per  lamp  per  year,  one-half  payable  in  city  scrip;  the  colleges  are 
furnished  with  gas  at  $3.00  per  1,000  feet,  and  to  private  consumers  it 
is  furnished  at  $4.00  per  thousand  feeL.  The  street  lamps  use  780,000 
cubic  feet  of  gas  per  year,  and  private  consumers  use  about  840,000  feet. 
Five  hands  are  employed  in  operating  the  works. 

Marble  Works  were  established  by  John  Goehner,  May  15,  1867,  on 
the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Laurel  streets,  where  he  built  a  brick  building, 
50x20  feet,  at  a  cost  of  $2,500,  inclusive  of  the  grounds  upon  which  the 
building  stands;  and  has  the  best  of  tools  which  cost  $100;  also  has  in 
raw  material,  $500,  and  employs  five  hands.  The.  amount  of  products  of 
the  last  year  was  $5,800,  which  have  been  chieflv  sold  in  Lafayette,  Saline 
and  adjoining  counties. 

Brewery. — Mr.  E.  Hoffman  established  a  brewery  in  the  year  1875, 
which  is  located  on  Franklin  street,  numbers  80,  81  and  82.  The  building 
is  of  brick  80x65  feet,  two  stories  high.  The  capital  invested  in  grounds 
and  building  is,  $8,000;  in  machinery,  $200,  and  at  the  present  time  has 
to  the  value  of  $300  in  raw  material.  Employs  three  hands  steadily.  The 
products  of  the  last  year  was  1,300  barrels  of  beer,  which  was  sold  in 
Lexington,  at  $9  per  barrel;  the  government  revenue  was  $1  per  barrel. 

Wagon  Manufacture.  John  E.  Quandt  established  a  blacksmith  shop 
in  1863  and  began  the  manufacture  of  wagons,  manufacturing  annually 
about  twenty  wagons,  also  doing  all  the  repairing  that  comes  to  him,  of 
which  he  has  a  large  amount  in  that  line.  He  employs  from  three  to  four 
hands.  The  capital  invested  in  grounds  is  $4,000.  The  products  of  last 
year  was  twenty  wagons,  which  he  sold  at  $70  per  wagon  at  the  shop. 
The  building  is  of  brick,  40x25  feet.  The  blacksmith  shop  is  a  smaller 
building  of  wood,  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Poplar  streets. 

Manufactories  in  i8jo. — The  Lexington  Caucasian  of  September  10, 
1870,  contains  a  summary  of  the  industrial  enterprises  of  the  city  at  that 
time,  to-wit:  Marshall  &  Easter,  flour  and  meal;  W.  F.  Kerdoff,  the 
same;  one  woolen  factory;  Excelsior  stove  works,  by  Morrison;  Jordan's 
foundry;  D.  Russell  &  Co.,  carriages;  J.  Cloudsley  &  Co.,  the  same; 
Nicholson  &  Hall,  wagons,  plows,  etc;  Wilkening,  wagons,  etc;  McFad- 
den,  wheat  fans;  J.  S.  Morton,  earthenware;  one  soda  factory;  thiee  lum- 
ber mills;  one  marble  yard;  three  hemp  hacklers;  three  large  beer  brew- 
eries— Clink  &  Co.'s  not  finished  yet;  three  brick  yards;  ten  boot  and 
shoe  makers;  four  tin  and  copper  workers;  six  tailor  shops;  one  furniture 
factory;  three  cabinet  makers;  all  sorts  of  blacksmithing.  Mr.  Farrar  is 
trying  the  experiment  of  making  fire  brick.  Mr.  Morton  has  made  some 
fine  terra  cottaguttering  and  piping.  Good  pottery  is  made  by  Messrs. 
Morton   &Taylor. 


458  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Coal  Works. — The  Lexington  and  Kansas  City  Coal  Company  was 
for  many  years  under  the  presidency  of  Col.  John  Reid,  of  Lexington, 
and  was  the  largest  productive  industry  and  business  enterprise  of  the 
city;  but  we  could  not  get  any  statistics  of  its  operations.  In  September, 
18S1,  the  business  passed  into  new  hands,  A.  A.  Talmage  becoming  pres- 
ident and  James  C.  McGrew  superintendent  and  general  business  mana- 
ger. The  whole  business  was  reconstructed,  re-organized,  enlarged  and 
extended,  so  that  Lexington  is  now  perhaps  the  most  extensive  coal  min- 
ing town  in  the  state.  This  company  owns  the  shaft  mining  works,  ope- 
rated by  steam  hoisting  apparatus,  in  old  town  Lexington  near  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  railroad  depot,  and  six  drift  mines  in  west  Lexington  which 
open  out  upon  the  Lexington  and  Kansas  City  narrow  gauge  railroad. 
Mules  are  used  in  all  the  mines  to  haul  the  coal  trucks.  About  1000  men 
are  employed  in  the  mines,  and  more  will  be  put  in  as  fast  as  facilities  can 
be  provided  for  them  to  work  and  men  obtained.  Some  of  the  miners  are 
English,  and  some  Irish,  but  the  majority  of  them  are  colored  men;  they 
receive  five  cents  per  bushel  for  the  coal  tthey  get  out,  and  fifty  bushels 
is  considered  a  fair  average  day's  work.  This  company  does  no  retail 
business;  its  coal  is  all  shipped  to  Sedalia,  Independence,  Kansas  City, 
and  other  points,  on  contract  in  car-load  lots.  In  addition  to  his  extensive 
operations  at  his  home  town  of  Lexington,  Mr.  McGrew  is  also  carrying 
on  steam  power  coal  works  at  Camden,  in  Ray  county,  on  the  St.  Louis- 
Wabash  line  of  railroad.  There  he  has  over  300  men  at  work,  and  has 
twenty  coal  cars  of  his  own,  of  500  bushels  capacity  each,  to  carry  his 
coal  from  Camden  to  Kansas  City. 

Major  Thomas  B.  Claggett  is  operating  some  coal  mines  about  half  a 
mile  down  the  river  from  foot  of  Pine  street.  These  works  have  been  in 
operation  about  fifteen  years.  They  are  drift  mines,  of  cource,  starting 
into  the  coal  vein  where  it  outcrops  at  the  foot  of  the  bluff.  From  twelve 
to  fifteen  men  are  employed  here,  and  their  product  is  sold  entirely  in  Lex- 
ington, to  the  colleges,  and  to  private  consumers.  The  vein  is  twenty- 
twn  inches,  and  the  output  last  year  was  of  market  value  about  $3,500. 

A  Mr.  Bell,  and  several  others,  are  also  operating  coal  mines  for  the 
local  supply  of  Lexington,  but  no  statistics  were  furnished  us.  And  C. 
M.  Pirner  is  sinking  a  shaft  for  local-supply  coal  works,  a  few  rods  west 
of  the  old  Masonic  College. 

The  Lafayette  County  Bank  was  established  December  28,  1870,  by 
Jas.  Aull,  John  Aull,  Geo.  Wilson,  Geo.  Wilson,  Jr.,  J.  A.  Wilson,  Maria 
Pomroy  and  John  C.  Wood,  who  were  the  incorporators.  The  first  offi- 
cers were  George  Wilson,  Sr.,  president;  John  Aull,  vice  president;  James 
Aull,  cashier,  and  Jo.  A.  Wilson,  assistant  cashier.  The  present  officers 
are  George  Wilson,  Jr.,  president;  Robert  A.  Wilson,  vice  president,  and 
Jo.  A.  Wilson,  cashier.     Capital  invested,  $28,000.     This  bank  succeeded 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  459 

the  banking  house  of  Robert  Aull,  which  was  established  in  1849,  the  old- 
est private  bank  in  western  Missouri. 

There  are  also  in  the  city  the  Morrison-Wentworth  bank  and  the  Lex- 
ington savings  bank;  but  they  either  neglected  or  declined  to  furnish  us 
with  data  for  a  sketch  of  their  history. 

City  Finances. — In  June,  1865,  B.  W.  Wilson  took  his  seat  as  mayor  of 
Lexington,  and  in  his  inaugural  address  he  makes  the  following  state- 
ments: Outstanding  debt  against  the  city,  $38,486;  total  revenue  for  the 
year  ending  June  1,  1865,  $5,678;  the  city  treasurer  has  paid  on  bonds, 
$3,756;  on  improvements  and  repairs,  $715.50;  incidental  expenses,  $969; 
Balance  in  city  treasury,  $175. 

Post-Office  Business. — The  following  is  the  official  statement  of  stamps, 

stamped  envelopes  and  postal  cards  sold  at  the  Post-office  at  Lexington, 

during  the  quarter  ending  June  30, 1881. 

Denomina-     ^rQ  Denominations  of  ordinary 

t'nsofordi        jj  Amount.  No.  sold  Amount 

narysta'ps.  stamps. 

1  cent       6,867  $68.67     30-cent 48  $      14.40 

2  cent          767  15.34     90-cent 3  2.70 

3  cent     25,967  779.01     Newspaper  stamps 10.79 

5  cent  172  8.60     Postage  due  stamps 16.16 

6  cent  125  7.50     Postal  cards-1  cent 14,538           145.38 

10  cent  313  31.30     Postal  cards-2  cents 15                  30 

15  cent  74  11.10 

Total 48,889     $1,111.25 

Total  number  of  stamped  envelopes  sold 7,719 

Total  amount  for  stamped  envelopes $     195.85 

Grand  total $1,307.10 

H.  W.  Turner,  Postmaster. 

The  Lexington  Register  of  July  15,  1869,  gives  the  following  account 
of  the  most  destructive  windstorm  that  has  ever  visited  this  county: 

"On  yesterday  (Wednesday,)  about  two  o'clock  p.  m.,  our  city  was  vis- 
ited by  the  most  terrific  hurricane  ever  known  in  this  part  of  the  country. 
The  oldest  inhabitants  say  that  the  like  has  never  been  seen.  For  a  few 
minutes  before  the  gale  began,  there  was  some  appearance  of  rain,  and  the 
merchants  had  pretty  generally  taken  the  goods  from  their  doors.  With 
the  first  few  drops  of  rain  the  hurricane  began,  and  at  the  first  onset  sent 
the  shingles  and  bricks  flying  through  the  streets.  It  came  at  the  begin- 
ning squarely  from  the  west,  and  went  roaring  through  the  length  of  Main 
street  with  frightful  results. 

The  large  three-story  warehouse  on  the  levy  at  the  foot  of  Pine  street, 
occupied  by  Reinhard  &  Co.  and  Goodin  Bros.,  was  completely  unroofed 
and  the  roof  carried  a  considerable  distance  up  the  bluff.  The  walls  are 
considerably  damaged;  further  up,  Winsor's  hemp  factory,  partly  unroofed; 
McGrew's  hemp  factory,  unroofed.     The  chimneys  to  the  saw-mills  were 


460  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

blown  oft  and  the  buildings  much  injured.  Up  in  the  city  the  house  that 
is  not  injured  is  an  exception.  Arcana  hall  is  unroofed;  Mr.  Easter's  res- 
idence, unroofed;  Catholic  church,  partially  unroofed  and  otherwise  dam- 
aged; woolen  factory  of  Schaefermeyer  &  Peck,  wholly  unroofed  and 
walls  injured.  The  south  wall  of  the  Virginia  hotel  was  blown  down  and 
the  roof  torn  off.  Schwartz's  grocery  store,  partially  unroofed  and  front 
blown  into  the  street.  Residence  of  H.  Turner,  Sr.,  partially  unroofed. 
Tevis'  building  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Pine  streets,  occupied  by  Mr. 
Tevis,  druggist,  on  the  first  floor,  and  by  the  Caucasian  office  on  the  third 
floor,  was  unroofed  at  the  beginning  and  the  roof  deposited  in  the  street 
in  front  of  the  court  house;  afterward  the  upper  part  of  the  wall  on  Pine 
street  tumbled  in  on  the  Caucasian's  type  and  cases.  The  hands  and  pro- 
prietors had  made  their  escape.  This,  we  are  informed  by  the  proprietors, 
will  not  deter  the  publication  of  that  paper.  It  will  appear  on  Saturday 
as  usual.  Eastwood's  house  was  partially  unroofed.  Haberkorn's  stable, 
blown  down.  A  new  frame  house,  near  the  colored  M.  E.  church,  belong, 
ing  to  a  colored  man,  was  blown  down.  The  chimneys  of  the  M.  E.  church, 
south,  were  blown  off  and  the  cupola  partially  twisted  around.  Adam- 
son's  and  Benning's  stables,  blown  down.  A  house  across  the  ravine 
belonging  to  a  colored  man  was  blown  down.  Masonic  college,  partially 
unroofed;  a  frame  house  near  by,  wholly  unroofed.  John  E.  Ryland's 
house,  considerably  damaged.  A  timber  was  carried  more  than  a  hundred 
feet  and  driven  through  the  brick  wall  of  the  house,  striking  Mrs.  Findlay 
and  breaking  her  shoulder  blade,  which,  it  is  thought,  will  cripple  her  for 
life.  Longdon's  house,  unroofed;  Carroll's  and  Easter's  house,  partly 
unroofed;  Mrs.  Pomeroy's  residence  was  wholly  unroofed  and  otherwise 
damaged. 

Over  on  Ridgeway  street,  Mr.  Farrar's  stable  was  blown  down.  John 
Cowie's  house  unroofed  and  otherwise  seriously  injured.  Pat.  Mitchell's 
house,  knocked  off  its  pins  and  slid  down  the  hill.  John  Hagood's,  twisted 
almost  off  its  foundation.  Add  to  these  as  many  more,  and  then  the  out- 
buildings, the  porches,  the  awnings,  the  chimneys,  the  signs,  the  window- 
glass  and  sash,  which  were  tumbled  over  and  scattered  about,  and  some 
idea  can  be  formed  of  the  extent  of  the  injury.  We  forgot  to  state  that 
a  piece  of  the  roof  of  the  Presbyterian  church  was  blown  off  and  carried 
over  the  Market  house  and  dropped  before  Scott's  grocery  store.  We 
think  we  are  safe  in  saying  that  one-half  of  the  large  trees  in  the  city  are 
blown  down.  Singular  though  it  may  seem,  fruit  trees  which  in  the  morn- 
ing were  hanging  full  of  fruit,  were  found,  after  the  hurricane,  to  be 
entirely  stripped  of  fruits  and  leaves. 

We  take  the  following  report  of  a  very  destructive  fire,  from  the  Lex- 
ington Register  of  February  22,  I860: 

"Yesterday  about  two  o'clock,  the  high  wind  carried  the  sparks   from 


CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE,  St.  LOUIS,  Mo. 


GOVERNOR  McNAIR'S  RESIDENCE,  IN  1820. 

THE  FIRST  ELECTED  GOVERNOR  OP  MISSOURI. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  461 

the  smoke  stack  of  Burn's  saw  mill  to  the  hemp  works  of  J.  W.  Waddell, 
setting  fire  to  the  tow  and  almost  instantly  the  whole  building  was  in 
flames.  The  wind  drove  the  flames  to  the  next  building  belonging  to  Mr. 
Wamsacus,  and  the  fire  being  so  fierce  and  rapid,  they  could  save  nothing. 
The  fire  next  spread  to  the  Lexington  flouring  mills  owned  by  Messrs. 
Marshall  &  Easter,  which  was  burned  to  the  around." 

River  Events. — September  21-22, 18S0,  a  river  improvement  convention 
was  held  in  Kansas  City,  in  which  Lexington  was  represented  by  Joseph 
Davis,  Col.  John  Reid,  George  |S.  Rathbun,  W.  V.  L.  McClelland,  John 
E.  Corder,  J.  O.  Plattenburg.  The  government  work  to  protect  the 
north  bank  of  the  Missouri  river,  so  as  to  throw  the  channel  more  to  the 
south  side,  and  again  open  the  Lexington  steamboat  landing,  is  sup- 
posed to  be  partly  an  outcome  of  that  convention. 

The  Lafayette  Advertiser  of  July  13,  1865,  says:     "Ten   steamboats 
arrived  at  our  wharf  last  Monday — six  up  and  four  down." 

president  garfield's  funeral — 1881. 

July  2,  1881,  the  president  of  the  United  States,  James  A.  Garfield,  was 
assassinated  by  a  wretch  named  Guiteau.  The  president  lingered  in  great 
suffering  until  September  19,  when  he  died.  His  funeral  obsequies  were 
observed  throughout  the  United  States  and  it  was  a  historic  day  in  Lex- 
ington. Arrangements  had  been  made  for  a  public  procession  and  memo- 
rial services.  The  court  house,  city  hall,  post  office,  some  of  the  churches 
and  most  of  the  business  houses  of  the  city  were  draped  in  mourning. 
National  flags  were  suspended  across  Main  street,  looped  at  half  mast  and 
draped.  R.  Taubman  and  Capt.  A.  A.  Lesueur  were  marshals  of  the 
day.  The  procession  was  headed  by  the  Lexington  Guards'  brass  band, 
of  sixteen  instruments  all  draped  in  mourning;  the  Lexington  National 
Guards,  state  militia;  followed  by  civil  orders — the  Odd  Fellows'  encamp- 
ment and  minor-degree  lodges;  the  Lexington  Turnvrein  (German),  Lex- 
ington Liederkranz  (musical),  the  Lexington  Land  League  (Irish),  the 
negro  orders  of  Masons,  Knights  of  Tabor  and  Sons  of  Protection. 
After  the  procession  memorial  services  were  held  in  five  of  the  city 
churches,  and  addresses  delivered,  as  follows:  At  the  Christian  church 
by  Rev.  C.  S.  Lucas,  Hon.  Xenophon  Ryland  and  Col.  Rathbun.  At  the 
Baptist  church,  by  Rev.  George  L.  Leyburn,  Hon.  H.  G.  Wallace  and 
Rev.  Dr.  Talburd.  At  the  German  Evangelical  church  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Johns,  of  Sedalia,  and  Revs.  Klimpke  and  Demand,  of  Lexington.  At  the 
Catholic  church  by  Rev.  Father  Lilly.  At  the  Zion  African  M.  E. 
church  (colored)  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Quarles,  Judge  John  E.  Ryland  and  Wm. 
Young,  Esq.  As  the  deceased  president  had  been  a  life-long  church  mem- 
ber and  a  man  of  deep  and  fervent    piety,  the  several  choirs  had  taken 

Q 


462  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

pains  to  select  and  sing  on  the  occasion   such  hymns  as  were  known  to 
have  been  favorites  with  him  in  his  lifetime, 

COLORED    PEOPLE'S   ORGANIZATIONS. 

St.  "Johns  M.  E.  Church,  (colored). — Organized  in  1865.  The  orig 
inal  members  were:  Briston  Ragsdale,  Howard  Inman,  Dolly  Ragsdale, 
L.  Hagood,  John  Clady,  Mary  Inman,  Neal  Davis,  Bartlet  Martin,  D« 
Smith,  Fanny  Buford,  Z.  Foster.  In  1868  a  brick  edifice  was  built  at  a 
cost  of  $3,000.  Since  the  organization  of  this  church,  the  following  pas- 
tors have  been  in  charge:  Revs.  Crawford,  J.  Flamer,  S.  Taylor,  R.  H. 
Smith,  A.  Lee,  H.  H.  Brown,  H.  Thompson,  J.  Dager,  L.  M.  Hazard 
and  R.  Rush ;  the  latter  being  in  charge  at  the  present  time.  The  church 
has  a  present  membership  of  75.  A  regular  organized  Sunday  school  is 
connected  with  the  church,  numbering  72  pupils;  superintended  by  Mrs. 
Mary  Turney,  assisted  by  a  corps  of  ten  teachers. 

Zion  Cha-pel —  The  African  M.  E.  Church,  was  organized  October  13, 
1867,  on  College  street,  in  Lexington.  The  names  of  the  members  of  the 
iirst  organization  were:  Nelson  Coleman,  Bettie  Langhorn,  Edith  Wilson, 
Dandrage  Johnson,  and  Daniel  Jenkins.  The  first  church  building  was 
built  of  wood,  in  1867.  The  building  cost  $2,000.  A  new  building  of 
brick  was  built  in  the  year  1870,  at  a  cost  of  $4,000,  and  was  dedicated  by 
Bishop  T.  M.  D.  Ward,  of  Anacostia,  D.  C,  July  3,  1881.  Their  pastors 
have  been  Revs.  S.  Washington,  James  Madison,  John  M.  Wilkerson,  J. 
K.  Triplette,  W.  L.  Harroad,  W.  A.  Dove,  J.  C.  C.  Owens;  number  of 
membership  is  137.  Nelson  Coleman  is  the  oldest  member  now  alive,  and 
is  a  local  minister,  and  lead  the  way  to  the  organization.  Bettie  Lang- 
horn  died  March  29,  1880,  at  the  age  of  103  years.  The  church  is  clear 
of  debt.  They  also  have  a  Sabbath  school  organization,  with  an  attend- 
ance of  about  80  pupils,  and  a  library  of  260  volumes.  The  first  super- 
intendent was  P.  R.  Coleman;  its  present  superintendent  is  G.  L.  Hughs. 

There  is  a  colored  Baptist  church  also;  but  the  pastor  neglected  to  fur- 
nish statistics,  although  requested  to  do  so. 

Dickson  Lodge  No.  n,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  instituted  by  Moses  Dickson, 
grand  master,  January  19,  1869.     Charter  issued  in  July  of  same  year. 

The  charter  members  were  as  follows:  James  Madison,  D.  Jinkins, 
George  May,  George  Washington,  B.  Jackson,  C.  R.Colman,  P.Colman, 
J.  Jackson,  Albert  Walker,  Nelson  Berry,  B.  Martin,  Jackson  Arnold,  B. 
Arnold,  A.  Bailies,  Thornton  Doniphan,  Lewis  Johnson,  J.  McGee,  Lafe 
Johnson,  A  Steele,  Geo.  Homes,  P.  Jackson. 

The  first  officers  were:  Rev.  James  Madison,  W.  M.;  D.  Jinkins,  S.  W.; 
Martin  May,  J.  W.;  A.  Steele,  S.  D.;  Albert  Walker,  J.  D.;  Jessie  McGee, 
Tyler;  C.  R.  Colman,  treasurer;  George  Washington,  secretary. 

The  present  officers  are:  Albert  Walker,  W.  M.;  H.  Gates,  S.  W.;  S. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  463 

Slaughter,  J.  W.;  Hinson  Baker,  S.  D.;  H.  Colly,  J.  D.:  John  Moune, 
Tyler;  J.  Haygood  and  J.  Hawkins,  stewards;  Martin  May,  treasurer;  S. 
Lewis,  secretary. 

The  members  at  the  present  time  number  36.  The  lodge  meet  in  a 
frame  building,  rented  for  that  pui  pose.  The  following  are  Grand  Lodge 
officers:  Charles  Colman,  grand  pursuivant;  P.  Colman,  grand  steward; 
Albert  Walker,  grand  S.  D.;  James  Madison,  grand  chaplain. 

The  following  deaths  have  occurred  among  the  members  of  this  lodge 
since  its  organization,  the  funeral  services  have  been  conducted  under  its 
auspices:  George  Washington,  Alexander  Poindexter,  Wm.  Martin,  and 
George  Walker. 

The  colored  people  have  several  other  organizations  of  their  own,  as 
•*  Knights  of  Tabor,"  "United  Sons  of  Protection,"  etc.,  but  no  reports 
were  furnished. 

A  few  years  ago  they  had  a  fine  brass  band,  well  equipped  and  well 
drilled,  but  the  members  nearly  all  moved  away.  They  started  another 
band  in  September,  1881.     They  also  have  a  musical  institute. 


MIDDLETON    TOWNSHIP. 

The  first  public  record  found  of  the  name  of  Middleton  occurs  under 
date  of  July  7,  1845,  when  James  Pearman  petitioned  for  a  license  to  keep 
a  dram  shop  in  the  town  of  Middleton,  in  Lafayette  county,  in  the  house 
owned  by  David  K.  Palmer.  The  county  clerk  was  ordered  to  "  issue  a 
license  authorizing  the  said  James  Pearman  to  keep  a  dramshop  at  the 
place  aforesaid  for  six  months  from  this  date,  upon  the  payment  of  the 
sum  of  $25.00  as  a  state  tax  and  $18.75  county  tax,  and  the  ad  valorem 
tax  on  the  sum  of  $126.75,  the  amount  of  his  stock  subject  to  this  tax." 
This  item  is  of  historic  interest,  as  showing  the  liquor-license  system  in 
vogue  at  that  time. 

The  next  mention  of  Middleton  is  September  7,  1847,  when  it  occurs 
incidentally  in  a  petition  for  a  road  which  was  to  "  commence  at  the  state 
road  leading  from  Boonville  to  Lexington  at  or  near  where  the  said  state 
road  crosses  the  county  line  between  Lafayette  and  Saline  county,  to  run 
thence  in  a  northwesterly  direction  to  the  town  of  Middleton,  etc.  But  on 
July  1st,  1850,  this  town  of  Middleton  had  its  name  changed  to  Waverly; 
its  boundaries  were  much  enlarged,  and  it  became  an  incorporated  vil- 
lage. The  petition  for  incorporation  was  signed  by  Charles  M.  Cowan 
and  thirty  four  others,  claiming  to  be  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  tax- 
paying  inhabitants  of  the  village.  David  Callahan,  Lewis  Fairchild, 
Elisha  M.  Edwards,  Charles  M.  Cowan,  and  Alexander  Skillen  were 
appointed  as  the  first  board  of  trustees  of  the  new  corporation. 


464  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Middletonians  are  happy  or  not.  The  boundary  lines  of  the  new  town- 
ship were  established  as  follows:  "  Commencing  where  the  range  line 
between  Ranges  No.  24  and  25  intersects  the  Missouri  river,  thence  south 
with  said  range  line  to  where  the  same  intersects  the  township  line 
July  4th,  1848:  hence  its  birthday  will  always  be  celebrated,  whether  the 
But  Middleton  Township  was  born  into  this  world  of  tribulation  on 
between  townships  49  and  50;  thence  east  with  said  township  line  to 
Saline  county;  thence  with  the  boundary  line  between  Saline  and  Lafayette 
counties,  north  to  the  Missouri  river;  thence  up  said  river  with  the  mean- 
ders thereof  to  the  place  of  beginning."  And  these  boundaries  have  not 
since  been  changed. 

EARLY   SETTLEMENT. 

As  far  as  reported,  the  first  settlers  who  appeared  in  this  neighborhood 
were  Alexander  Galbraith,  from  Kentucky,  who  purchased  200  acres  of 
land  on  Sections  22  and  14,  Township  51,  Range  24;  a  Mr.  Dustin  who 
located  on  Section  24;  John  D.  Thomas,  from  Kentucky,  Littleberry  Estes 
and  Washington  Shroyer,  who  settled  near  by.  The  first  female  child 
born  in  this  settlement  was  Susan  Estes,  daughter  of  Littleberry  Estes. 

The  first  death  which  occurred  was  that  of  Mrs.  Hugh  Crawford, 
who  was  buried  in  the  Estes  grave  yard.  Dr.  Buck,  who  died  in 
Arkansas,  was  the  first  regular  physician.  The  first  minister,  is  reported 
to  have  been  S.  Bradley,  of  the  Christian  denomination. 

The  first  school  is  asserted  to  have  been  taught  in  a  church  •  (of  which 
no  other  mention  is  made)  by  a  Mr.  Dillard,  who  now  resides  in  Grain 
Valley.  The  tuition  was  $2.50  per  scholar.  The  first  weaving  was  done 
by  Mrs.  Alexander  Galbraith. 

Previous  to  the  coming  of  Dr.  Buck,  the  nearest  physician  was  at  Lex- 
ington, twenty  miles  away. 

WAVERLY, 

is  situated  in  the  northern  part  of  Middleton  township,  on  the  Missouri 
river,  and  was  founded  in  1845,  by  Washington  W.  Shroyer.  It  was 
originally  known  as  "  Middletown,"  and  its  present  name  was  adopted  in 
1848.  David  Callahan  was  president  of  the  first  board  of  trustees.  In 
1854,  a  man  named  Thomas  purchased  some  land  adjoining  the  city  on 
the  east,  and  laid  out  a  town,  which  he  called  St.  Thomas.  Mr.  Thomas 
died  shortly  after  the  war,  and  St.  Thomas  was  annexed  to  Waverly.  It 
was  incorporated  July  1,  1850,  and  Judge  Wm.  Thomas  was  elected  the 
first  mayor.  The  petition  for  incorporation  was  signed  by  Charles  M. 
Cowan  and  thirty-four  others,  tax-payers  of  the  town.  David  Callahan, 
Lewis  Fairchild,  Elisha  M.  Edwards,  Charles  M.  Cowan,  and  x^lexander 
Skillen  were  appointed  as  the  first  board  of  trustees  of  the  new  corpora- 
tion.    The  first  house  was  built  by  David  K.  Palmer,  and  has  since  been 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  465 

washed  away  by  the  angry  waters  of  the  Missouri.  He  also  owned  the 
first  store.  In  1S46,  a  frame  school-house  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  $140, 
which  was  also  used  for  church  purposes.  The  first  religious  services 
were  held  in  this  house,  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Roth — Missionary  Baptist. 
Mrs.  Susan  Shroyer  taught  the  first  school,  which  consisted  of  about  twen- 
ty-two pupils,  at  a  salary  of  $30  per  month.  The  first  wedding  occurred 
in  about  i849,  the  high  contracting  parties  being  John  Morrison  and  Miss 
Lucy  Shroyer.  In  1835,  Jacob  Shroyer,  son  of  W.  W.  and  Jane  V« 
Shroyer,  was  born ;  he  being  the  first  male  child  born  within  the  city  limits* 
Lucy  Shroyer,  born  of  the  same  parents,  in  1833,  was  the  first  female  child" 
The  first  death  was  that  of  an  infant  child  of  John  Marshall.  The  first 
regular  physician  was  Dr.  P.  H.  Chambers,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who 
now  resides  in  Lexington.  The  first  cemetery,  which  is  still  in  use,  is 
located  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  town,  on  section  15.  The  present 
officers  are  as  follows:  Mayor,  John  E.  Corder;  councilmen,  C.  Krous, 
W.  H.  Landrum,  A.  S.  Van  Anglen,  Judge  W.  H.  Thomas,  H.  I.  Chris- 
man,  and  John  L.  Oliver. 

The  Carriage  Manufactory,  of  the  Landrum  Bros.,  is  located  on  Wash- 
ington street,  and  was  established  by  them  in  1873.  The  wood-work  and 
blacksmithing  department  is  50x40;  the  painting  and  trimming  depart- 
ment, 20x70,  and  the  carriage  repository,  26x75,  is  built  of  brick.  Cap- 
ital invested  in  grounds  and  buildings,  $2,500;  capital  invested  in  machin- 
ery, $1,500;  capital  invested  in  incidentals,  $1,920;  total,  $5,920;  number 
of  employees,  7. 

In  1869  or  1870,  a  paper  called  the  Waverly  Express  was  published  at 
Waverly,  first  by  Chas.  Patterson,  then  a  Mr.  Frazee,  who  was  joined,  in 
September,  1870,  by  W.  H.  Peters,  from  Illinois.  It  appears  to  have  been 
democratic;  but  no  further  particulars  were  obtained. 

Waverly  Lodge,  No.  114,  was  organized  by  Judge  John  F.  Ryland, 
under  dispensation  dated  June  15,  1849.  The  following  were  the  first 
officers:  Henry  B.  Harvey,  W.  M. ;  Michael  Stevenson,  S.  W.;  G.  W. 
Hereford,  J.  W.;  W.  W.  Shroyer,  treasurer;  John  S.  Nowland,  secre- 
tary; A.  Franciscoe,  S.  D.;  J.  M.  Lewis,  J.  D.;  Joseph  W.  Cloudsley, 
tyler.  Surrendered  their  charter  January.  28,  1860,  on  account  of  war 
troubles,  and  were  never  rechartered. 

Waverly  Lodge,  No.  61,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. — Organized  under  dispensa- 
tion dated  June  26,  1865,  instituted  by  the  grand  lodge.  The  charter 
bears  date  of  June  2,  1866.  The  original  members  and  first  officers  were 
as  follows,  viz:  E.  M.  Edwards,  W.  M.;  C.  M.  Cowan,  S.  W.;  G.  W. 
Hereford,  J.  W.;  R.  D.  Cauthron,  S.  D.;  A.  D.  Ellis,  J.  D.;  H.  B.  Lewis, 
treasurer,  and  M.  C.  Scott,  Tvler.  The  present  officers  are:  C.  C. 
Catron,  W.  M.;  W.  P.   Milnor,  Jr.,  S.  W.;  W.  A.  Redd,  J.  W.     The 


466  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNT V. 

present  membership  is  fifty-five.  J.  B.  Wood  is  steward  of  the  Grand 
Lodge.     Nothing  further  reported. 

Order  Eastern  Star. — Bethany  chapter,  No.  109,  O.  E.  S.,  was  instituted 
by  H.  G.  Reynolds  and  G.  W.  Patron.  The  date  of  charter  was  July  28, 
1875.  The  first  officers  were:  J.  B.  Wood,  W.  P.;  Mary  Hawkins,  W. 
M.;  Willie  A.  Wood,  Assistant  M. 

The  present  officers  are:  J.  B.  Wood,  W.  P.;  A.  E.  Galbraith,  W.  M.; 
M.  E.  Gordon,  secretary;  M.  E.  Loper,  treasurer;  K.  T.  Kooper,  Cond.; 
M.  A.  Wood,  Ass't.  Cond.;  E.  Smiley,  Ada;  E.  P.  Pelot,  Ruth;  R.  Nor- 
fleet,  Esther;  Fanny  Edwards,  Martha;  Bertie  Thomas,  Electa;  Laura 
Landrum,  Warden;  R.  C.  Allen;  sentinel.  The  present  membership  is 
seventy-two.  Have  a  brick  building  in  which  they  hold  their  lodges. 
M.  A.  Woods,  M.  E.  Hawkins,  and  M.  E.  Galbraith  are  members  of  the 
grand  lodge. 

Middleton  Local  Aid  Society  was  organized  July  15,  1881,  by  Frank  K. 
Doan.  The  names  of  the  charter  members  are  as  follows:  John  S.  Webb, 
L.J.  Webb,  Elder  W.  H.  Blanks,  B.  F.  McCord,  A.  McCord,  Dr.  Geo. 
O.  Feagans,  Davis  S.  Miller,  Rev.  J.  M.  Scott,  J.  M.  Horler,  M.  E.  Deth- 
rige,  John  D.  Masterson,  William  Blankinship,  F.  W.  Pauling,  J.  W. 
Zook,  and  Moses  Greenbaum.  The  officers  are:  J.  T.  Webb,  president; 
J.  M.  Horler,  vice-president;  David  S.  Miller,  secretary;  A.  McCord, 
treasurer;  George  O.  Feagans,  medical  examiner;  B.  F.  McCord,  deputy; 
J.  M.  Scott, . 

The  town  of  Alma  was  founded  by  Captain  Lysing  and  Jno.  W.  Wood- 
son, on  completion  of  the  C.  &  A.  Extension  railroad  in  1879,  and  incorpora- 
ted in  1880.  The  first  mayor  was  Dr.  Thomas  Field.  The  postoffice 
was  established  in  1879,  the  first  postmaster  being  Perry  Catron.  Dr. 
Field  built  the  first  house  and  owned  the  first  store.  The  first  school- 
house  was  built  in  the  summer  of  1880,  at  a  cost  of  $750.  The  first  school 
was  taught  by  Miss  Cassie  Bascom,  the  number  of  pupils  being  thirty- 
five,  at  a  compensation  of  $45  per  month.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of 
H.  C.  Clay  to  Miss  Milburn,  and  was  performed  at  Thomas  Luke's,  and 
by  Thomas  Luke,  who  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace.  The  first  male 
child  born  in  the  town  of  Alma  was  Mitchell,  son  of  Geo  Weston,  and  the 
first  female  child  was  Katie,  daughter  of  William  and  Martha  Buck,  born 
in  June  1879.  Dr.  Thomas  Field  was  the  first  regular  physician  in  Alma 
— since  moved  to  Sedalia.  The  present  town  officers  are:  Stark,  mayor; 
Martin  Buck,  Wm.  Doblie,  and  Charles  Mayviers,  town  board.  The 
town  is  about  equally  divided  between  orignal  Piatt  &  Corder's  addition 
andjording's  addition. 

Three  Groves  Church  was  organized  about  the  year  1871.  The  original 
members  were  Mrs.  Boyd,  Mrs.  Hoard,  Geo.  Nethercutt,  and  some 
others.     The  church  building  was  erected  in  1880-81 ;  it  is  of  frame  and 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  467 

cost  $1,500.  It  was  dedicated  the  first  Sunday  in  May,  1881,  by  Rev.  W. 
B.  McFarland.  Their  pastors  have  been  R.  A.  Shaffer,  W.  I.  Brown, 
and  W.  B.  McFarland.  The  present  membership  numbers  forty.  In 
connection  with  the  church  they  have  a  fine  Sunday-school. 


SNIABAR  TOWNSHIP. 

The  name  Sinabar  has  a  peculiar  history.  If  any  one  will  look  at  a 
map  of  Lafayette  county,  they  will  discover  a  large  bay  protruding  into 
Clay  township,  making  the  eastern  boundary  of  a  peninsula  about  four 
miles  deep.  Tradition  says:  A  trader  or  hunter  named  Herbert,  in 
going  up  the  river  followed  this  bay  clear  to  its  head,  supposing  it  to  be 
the  main  body  of  the  Missouri  river,  and  he  was  greatly  bewildered  for 
awhile,  and  delayed  in  his  trip  by  this  misadventure.  The  incident  becom- 
ing known,  the  early  navigators  and  trappers  had  many  a  laugh  at  Her- 
bert's expense;  they  called  this  bay  Reviere  cT  Herbert,  or  "Herbert's 
river,  "  as  a  standing  joke,  and  it  became  a  waymark  in  designating  places 
and  distances  on  the  great  stream.  But  afterward  a  Pennsylvania  Dutch 
word  Schuyte,  (English  Shute,  German  Schnitt  from  Schneiden,  to  cut) 
was  introduced  here  by  keelboatmen  from  the  region  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  mixed  the  Dutch  and  French  words,  and  made  Schuyte  d7 
Herbert,  then  Shuyte  'Eber,  then  Schuyte  7Aber,  and  finally  Snyabar — 
each  successive  change  or  corruption  being  to  shorten  the  name  and 
make  it  easier  to  pronounce— in  a  word,  to  westernize  it,  and  this  culmin- 
ates in  the  one  easy  syllable,  Sni.  The  above  is  the  etymological  evolu- 
tion of  the  name  Sniabar,  or  Sni,  as  it  stands  to-day  applied  to  the  town- 
ship of  that  name,  and  the  two  main  creeks  within  the  township.  But 
historically,  those  streams  have  had  other  names. 

The  old  French  maps  prior  to  the  year  1800,  mark  the  great  bend  or 
bay  which  protrudes  into  Clay  township  as  Reviere  d7  Herbert — Herbert's 
river . 

In  1804,  Lewis  and  Clark  refer  to  the  two  streams  entering  the  Mis- 
souri at  this  point  [Big  and  Little  Sni]  as  Ean  Beau — elegant  water. 

In  1823,  Dr.  Beck's  Gazetteer  of  Illinois  and  Missouri  calls  it  Chenal 
Ebert — Ebert's  channel,  a  mere  variation  of  Herbert's  river  as  above. 

In  1823,  also,  Lieut.  Long,  the  explorer  after  whom  Long's  Peak  in  Col- 
orado is  named,  calls  our  two  streams  little  Cheny  an  Barre  and  great 
Cheny  an  Barre.  This  is  manifestly  only  his  attempt  to  spell  the  name 
as  then  pronounced— Sche-nye-an-Bair,  the  "Pennsylvania  Dutch"  leaven 
being  then  well  at  work  in  the  long  cooking  of  this  name.  In  this  same 
year  (1823),  the  official  records  of  Lillard — now  Lafayette  county,  spell  it 
Sny  E.  Bairre. 


468  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

In  1835,  Mitchell's  geography  map  of  Missouri  marks  it  Chenal  aux 
Herberts — the  channel  of  Herbert,  another  mere  variation  of  the  original 
French  name. 

In  1837,  Wetmore's  Gazetteer  Missouri  names  the  Little  Schnyte  Aber 
and  Big  Schuyte  Aber,  in  Lafayette  county.     Dutch  again. 

In  1851,  Colton's  map  of  Missouri  spells  it  Big  Snybar  creek. 

In  1872,  Prof.  Pumpelly's  geological  survey  report  spells  it  Sniabar  \ 
so  also  Campbell's  Gazetteer  of  Missouri,  1872;  indeed,  that  is  now  the 
settled  Anglicized  orthography  of  the  name,  without  any  hyphens,  apostro- 
phes, periods,  spaces  or  intermediate  capital  letters  to  give  it  an  "awfully 
foreign"  look.  They  are  all  mere  affectation,  without  a  spark  of  meaning 
that  any  body  can  swear  by. 

Two  considerable  creeks  empty  into  the  Schenye  or  false  river,  and  so 
they  were  called  Big  Sni  and  Little  Sni  creeks;  one  of  the  earliest  settle- 
ments in  the  original  Cooper  county,  was  on  these  creeks,  and  widely 
known  as  the  Sniabar  settlement,  then  Sniabar  township,  first  in  Cooper 
county,  next  in  Lillard  county,  and  lastly  in  Lafayette  county. 

May  4,  1824,  Fort  Osage  township  was  set  off  from  Sniabar  township, 
which  had  prior  to  this  extended  to  the  west  line  of  the  state.  The  line 
then  established  between  the  new  and  the  old  township  was  the  Big  Sni- 
abar. creek  from  its  mouth  to  its  source,  near  where  Chapel  Hill  now 
stands,  thence  south  in  a  straight  line  to  the  Osage  river. 

The  first  mention  of  Sinabar  township  in  the  old  county  records  occurs 
under  date  of  April  24,  1821,  the  county  being  still  called  Lillard.  The 
record  says:  "  It  is  ordered  by  the  court  that  Markham  Fristoe  be  ap- 
pointed constable  in  and  for  the  township  ot  Sinabar  for  the  term  of  two 
years."  He  was  placed  under  bonds  "in  the  penal  sum  of  $1,200, "  and 
bondsmen  were  Benjamin  Gooch  and  James  Bounds,  Jr.  But  prior  to  this, 
to-wit:  November  22,  1820,  the  Governor  had  commissioned  Henry  Ren- 
ick,  St\,  David  McClellan  and  Abel  Owen,  as  justices  of  the  peace  for 
Sniabar  township  then  in  Cooper  county.  January  21, 1821,  'Squire  Ren- 
ick  swore  in  Abel  Owen  as  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  Sniabar  township, 
Lillard  county;  but  just  how  he  himself  got  bridged  over  from  Cooper  to 
Lillard  county  the  record  does  not  show.  However,  the  next  day  he  swore 
into  office  the  justices  of  the  first  county  court,  which  was  held  at  Mount 
Vernon,  near  the  mouth  of  Tabo  creek. 

July  24th,  1821,  Abel  Owen  and  Henry  Renick  were  appointed  to  lay 
off  the  roads  in  Sinabar  township  into  districts  convenient  for  their  proper 
care.     And  at  the  February  term,  1822,  of  the  county  court,  the  following 
road  district  overseers  were  appointed  for  this  township: 
1st  road  district,  Richard  Fristoe,  overseer. 
2d  road  district,  Jonathan  Hicklin,  overseer. 
3d  road  district,  Abner  Graham,  overseer. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  469 

4th  road  district,  James  Rathwell,  overseer. 

5th  road  district,  Ira  Bidwell,  overseer. 

6th  road  district,  John  Demasters,  overseer. 

The  first  mention  of  an  election  in  Sinabar  township  is  July  9,  1S22, 
when  Julius  Emmons,  David  Ward  and  Thos  Swift  were  appointed  by  the 
county  court  to  be  judges  of  an  election  to  be  held  at  the  place  of  preach- 
ing near  Henry  Renick's.  This  election  took  place  in  August,  and  Jesse 
Hitchcock  was  elected  constable. 

February  3,  1823,  the  name  of  Sniabar  is  spelled  thus — Sny  E.  Bairre; 
and  the  following  record  occurs:  "We  this  day  allot  the  within  named 
hands  to  cut  out  and  keep  in  repair  a  road  leading  from  Lexington  to  in- 
tersect the  road  leading  from  Jack's  Ferry  to  the  salt  works,  near  Jacob 
Catron's. 

Henry  Renick,  J.  P. 
Abel  Owen,  J.  P." 

The  men  thus  appointed  were:  George  Stevens,  Josiah  Nelson,  George 
Nelson,  Thomas  Nelson,  John  Stapp,  Thomas  Swift,  Dean  Swift,  James 
Barns,  Wm.  Robinson,  Alfred  K.  Stevens,  Melvin  Vinning,  Walker 
Atkinson,  Amos  Riley,  Harry  Owen,  Neely  Owen,  Robert  Fristoe, 
Markham  Fristoe,  Wm.  Horn,  Jr.,  John  Norris,  Abner  Norris,  Archibald 
Steward,  James  Drummond,  Wilson  Owen,  Urial  Murray,  Francis  Read, 
ing,  Calvin  Howell,  John  McCord  and  Andrew  Patterson. 

John  Nelson  was  appointed  -overseer  for  this  road  and  the  above  list  of 
men  who  were  required  to  work  on  it.  The  list  seems  to  give  some  idea  of 
the  extent  of  the  settlement  at  that  time,  and4to  show  who  they  were.  Many 
of  their  descendants  still  live  in  the  county. 

Lexington  township  was  organized  May  4,  1824,  and  west  of  that  was 
Sniabar  township.  On  the  7th  of  November,  1825  Clay  township  was 
organized  and  its  boundaries  as  then  defined  embraced  all  there  was  left  of 
Sniabar  township,  so  this  name  dropped  out  from  the  list  of  municipal  town- 
ships of  Lafayette  county,  and  ,vas  not  heard  of  again  until  February  5, 
1838 — a  long  sleep  of  thirteen  years.  But  at  that  time  it  was  ordered  by  the 
county  court  that  a  new  township  to  be  called  Sniabar  should  be  bounded 
thus:  -'Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Washington  township 
[This  is  a  mistake*]  thence  west  with  the  township  line  between  town- 
ships 48  and  49  to  the  Jackson  county  line;  thence  south  with  said  line  to 

♦Here  is  a  mistake  in  the  description  of  this  new  township's  boundary  line,  and  we 
could  not  find  any  record  to  show  that  it  had  ever  been  formally  corrected.  The  township 
line  between  congressional  townships  49  and  50  had  been  fixed  as  the  boundary  between 
Lexington  and  Washington  townships — and  therefore  the  "northwest  corner  of  Washing- 
ton township"  would  be  on  this  line,  and  would  leave  for  Clay  township  only  the 
ragged  edges  of  two  fractional  congressional  townships;  but  the  description  should  read 
thus:  "Beginning  at  the  west  line  of  Washington  township  where  it  intersects  the  town- 
ship line  between  townships  Nos.  48  and  49:  thence  west,"  etc.  This  would  give  the 
true  boundary  of  Sniabar  township  as  it  has  been  in  practice  ever  since  that  township  was 
recreated  notwithstanding  the  verbal  error  in  the  record  as  above  noted. 


470  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

the  northwest  corner  of  Johnson  county,  thence  east  with  the  county  line 
to  the  southwest  corner  of  Washington  township;  thence  north  to  the 
place  of  beginning. 

An  election  was  ordered  to  be  held  at  Riding's  store,  the  first  Saturday 
in  April  next  (1838)  to  elect  two  justices  of  the  peace. 

Local  Names. — A  good  many  of  the  local  names  of  things  in  Sniabar 
township  were  given  by  an  old  pioneer  hunter,  named  Thomas  Hopper. 
He  killed  an  extra  big  buck  elk  on  top  of  a  high  knob,  and  called  it  Buck 
Knob,  which  name  it  bears  to  this  day.  The  name  of  Wagon  Knob 
occurred  in  this  way:  Mr.  Hopper  and  one  or  two  others  had  obtained  a 
wagon  load  of  wild  honey  near  the  stream  called  Honey  creek,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  which  he  named  therefor,  and  on  the  road  home  the 
wagon  broke  down  while  they  were  crossing  a  knob;  they  packed  as 
much  of  the  honey  on  their  horses  as  they  could,  and  left  the  wagon 
there  till  it  rotted  away;  and  that  place  is  called  Wagon  Knob  to  this  day. 
The  same  man  named  "Texas  Prairie,"  but  just  why  is  not  known.  He 
also  named  Peavine  creek,  in  Freedom  township  it  is  said. 

War  Children. — Sergt.  J.  L.  Leadbeater,  of  Capt.  Simpson's  com- 
pany, in  Gen.  Jo.  Shelby's  command,  says  Sniabar  township  furnished 
125  confederate  soldiers;  38  were  killed  and  10  died  of  disease.  All  were 
married  men  except  two,  and  in  1876  there  were,  in  Sniabar  township, 
125  children  of  those  confederate  soldiers.  Sergt.  Leadbeater  is  blind  and 
lives  in  the  vicinity  of  Mt.  Hope. 

CHAPEL    HILL. 

The  school  founded  by  A.  W.  Ridings,  in  the  year  1843,  was  the  begin- 
ning of  Chapel  Hill.  He  began  with  three  scholars,  but  soon  grew  to 
a  large  boarding  school,  occupying  a  stone  building,  40x60  feet,  and  two 
stories  high.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  school  was  nourishing, 
with  150  scholars.  During  the  war,  in  1862,  it  was  burned  by  an 
unknown  incendiary.  In  the  fail  of  1863  the  village  of  Chapel  Hill,  con- 
sisting of  about  thirty  houses,  was  burned  by  Quantrell's  men,  except  two 
buildings,  which  were  afterwards  burned  by  accident.  Up  to  that  time 
there  was  no  church  organization  except  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian, 
who  used  the  college  building.  The  village  has  since  been  rebuilt,  and 
consists  of  about  thirteen  residences,  three  stores,  one  blacksmith  shop, 
three  physicians,  one  church,  one  masonic  lodge  and  a  grange  lodge.  The 
village  is  situated  on  the  Sni  hills,  which  extend  for  a  considerable  distance 
to  the  north  and  northwest.  The  place  was  named  by  Mr.  A.  W.  Riding 
after  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  at  which  college  he  was  educated. 
The  first  post  office  was  kept  by  Mr.  Shores  in  section  35,  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Mr.  A.  Wilkinson. 

The  Chapel  Hill  Cumberland  Presbyterian   Church  was  organized  in 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  471 

1870,  and  is  situated  in  section  31,  township  18,  range  28.  The  names  of 
the  original  members  were:  Wm.  Rasdell,  John  Phillips,  John  Cobb,  N. 
Wood,  John  Barnett,  Wm.  Barnett,  Nat.  Barnett,  F.  E.  Barnett  and  B. 
R.  Harmon.  The  church  building  is  used  by  them  in  common  with  the 
Baptist  and  Methodist.  The  name  of  the  pastor  is  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Dalton. 
At  present  it  contains  thirty-five    members. 

Chapel  Hill  Masonic  Lodge,  No.  jjo,  is  in  Sniabar  township,  and  the 
date  of  its  dispensation  is  1870.  The  names  of  the  charter  members  were: 
John  McClure,  John  W.  Wilkinson,  Dr.  F.  M.  Shore,  R.  Edmondson,  D. 
G.  Doty,  F.  E.  McCormack,  A.  J.  Lyon,  B.  E.  Phillips  and  John  W. 
Bledsoe.  Names  of  the  first  officers:  J.  H.  McClure,  W.  M.;  F.  M. 
Shore,  S.  W.;  J.  W.  Wilkinson,  J.  W.;  D.  G.  Doty,  treasurer;  J. 
W.  Bledsoe,  secretary;  F.  E.  McCormack,  S.  D.;  A.  J.  Lyon,  J. 
D.;  R.  Edmondson,  tyler.  The  present  membership  of  the  lodge  is 
18.  The  hall  is  a  frame  and  was  built  in  1S69,  at  a  cost  of  $500.  There 
was  a  lodge  at  this  point  before  the  war,  but  during  the  war  it  was  robbed 
of  its  charter  and  jewels  by  federal  troops.  The  present  lodge  has  been 
chartered  since  the  war. 

Chapel  Hill  Grange,  was  instituted  on  the  16th  of  August,  1873.  The 
following  are  the  names  of  the  charter  members:  J.  T.  Leawell,  J.  C 
Cobb,  F.  E.  Barnett,  Isaac  Wood,  J.  T.  Dade,  E.  S.  Garm,  Wm.  Harris, 
W.  S.  Leawell, J.  F.  Wood,  J.  H.  Truell,  A.J.  McCauley,  A.  C.  Green, 
T.  B.  Murray,  J.  H.  Wood,  Matt.  Wood,  R.  H.  Leawell,  Bettie  Leawell, 
L.  J.  Headrick,  Adam  Smith,  and  Lucretia  A.  Meadow. 

Names  of  first  officers:  J.  C.  Cobb,  master;  J.  T.  Leawell,  overseer;  W. 
P.  Leawell,  lecturer;  Judge  Barnett,  treasurer,  aud  T.  D.  Murray,  secre- 
tary. The  present  officers  are:  J.  A.  J.  McCauley,  master,  Wm.  Harris, 
overseer;  Charles T.;Williamson, lecturer;  Judge  F.  G.  Barnett,  treasurer; 
Thomas  L.  Cheatham,  steward.  The  present  membership  of  the  grange 
is  11.     The  grange  has  its  meetings  in  the  district  school  house. 

THE  TOWN  OF  ODESSA. 

(Named  by  T.  B.  Blackstone,  president  of  the  C.  &  A.  R.  R.) 
This  city  is  located  on  the  west  side  of  the  C.  &  A.  R.R.,  IS  miles  west 
from  Lexington,  and  11  miles  from  Higginsville,  surrounded  by  a  good 
farming  country.  It  was  founded  by  A.  R.  Patterson,  and  John  Kirk- 
patrick,  July  15,  1878,  and  was  incorporated  February  3,  1880.  The  first 
mayor  was  H.  B.  Tunstall.  The  first  postoffice  was  established  July, 
1879,  with  M.  V.  Powell  as  postmaster.  The  first  house  was  built  by 
Reid  and  Taylor.  The  first  store  was  owned  by  Wm.  F.  McKinnev. 
The  first  school  house  was  a  frame  building  erected  in  September,  1880, 
at  a  cost  of  $900.  The  first  school  was  taught  by  Miss  Annie  Anderson, 
in  1879,  with  25  pupils;  at  the  rate  of  $1.25  per  capita,  per  month.     The 


472  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

first  male  child  was  born  September  19,  1878,  Odessa  L.,  son  of  George 
and  Mary  Cregger.  First  female  born  April  11,  1879,  Mary  M.,  daugh- 
ter, of  Wm.  T.  and  Matilda  J.  Worley.  The  first  death  was  that  of  David 
Lay,  February  9,  1879,  was  killed  while  passing  between  cars  and  was 
buried  in  Greenton  cemetery.  The  first  regular  physician  was  Dr.  L.  C. 
Nichols,  of  Mount  Hope,  formerly  of  Kentucky.  The  first  religious  ser- 
vice was  held  in  Gibb's  Hall,  by  the  Christian  denomination,  and  the  first 
minister  was  Alex.  Barton,  of  the  Baptist  church.  The  present  officers  of 
the  city  are:  E.  D.  Rawlings,  mayor;  L.  R.  Smith,  H.  B.  Tunstall,D.  C. 
Baggerly,  A.  W.  Stevens, councilmen ;  Norborne  Walton,  marshal;  Robert 
Broughton,  treasurer;  James  Broughton,  assessor;  and  D.  C.  McConnell, 
clerk.  The  official  report  of  the  census  in  1880,  gives  the  city  100  inhabit- 
ants, but  now  it  is  held  as  having  about  800.  The  city  contains  the  follow- 
ing business  places: 

Dry  goods,  3;  dry  goods  and  groceries,  2;  groceries,  4;  hardware,  2; 
Hotels,  2;  restaurants,  2;  furniture  stores,  2;  milliner  stores,  2;  sewing 
machine  dealer,  1 ;  banks,  1 ;  drug  stores,  4;  clothing  store,  1 ;  livery  stables, 
2;  jewelry  store,  1;  shoe  shops,  2;  saddle  shops,  2;  barber  shops,  2;  eleva- 
tor, 1 ;  physicians,  6 ;  newspaper,  1 ;  lumber  yard,  1 ;  butcher  shop,  1 ;  black- 
smith shop,  2;  dentist,  1;  saloons,  2;  mills,  1;  carding  machine,  1. 

Mr.  E.  H.  Chapman,  of  Kansas  City,  has  recently  erected  and  placed  in 
operation,  a  steam  saw  mill  in  the  timber,  about  three  and  a  half  miles 
northeast  of  town,  in  the  vicinity  of  Judge  Prather's  farm.  Mr.  I.  N. 
Stanfield,  formerly  of  Glasgow,  Mo.,  does  the  sawing  by  contract.  Dur- 
ing the  past  month  has  cut  over  4,000  feet  per  day;  employs  15  men  and  7 
teams,  and  is  making  a  pay  roll  of  over  $250  per  week,  most  of  which 
adds  to  the  business  of  the  town. 

Bank  of  Odessa. — The  Bank  of  Odessa  was  incorporated  June  8,  1880, 
chartered  July  19,  and  began  business  July  28th  of  same  year.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  list  of 

Officers.—].  C.  Cobb,  President;  L.  R.  Smith,  Cashier,  and  M.  G.  Wood, 
Secretary. 

Directors.—  L.  R.  Smith,  J.  C.  Cobb,  Wm.  Harris,  J.  E.  Wagoner,  J 
W.  Martin,  M.  G.  Wood,  G.  A.  Campbell,  G.  S.  Kesterson,  B.  W.  Way- 
man,  A.  R.  Patterson,  W.  T.  Cheatham  and  S.  W.  Creasy. 

Following  is  the  official  statement  of  the  financial  condition  of  the  Bank 
of  Odessa,  April  30th,  1881: 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  473 
RESOURCES. 

Loans  undoubtedly  good  on  personal  collateral  security $35,175  03 

Loans  and  discounts  undoubtedly  good  on  real  estate  security.  19,090  00 

Over  drafts  by  solvent  customers 37  46 

United  States  bonds  on  hand 000  00 

Other  bonds  and  stock  at  the  present  market  prices 000  00 

Due  from  other  banks,  good  on  sight  draft 1  7,617  43 

Real  estate  at  present  cash  market  value 3,597  18 

Furniture  and  fixtures 795  70 

Checks  and  other  cash  items    .      1,621  32 

Bills  of  national  banks  and  legal  tender  U.  S.  notes 6,410  00 

Gold  coin 310  00 

Silver  and  other  fractional  coin  and  currency 512  23 

Exchange    maturing  and  matured 200  00 


Total $85,366  35 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock  paid   in $10,000  00 

Surplus  funds  on  hand 5,254  74 

Undivided  declared   dividends 000  00 

Deposits  subject  to  draft  at  sight 67,861  61 

Deposits  subject  to  draft  at  given   dates 2,250  00 

Due  other  banks  and  bankers 000  00 

Expenses   now  due 000  00 


Total ..$85,366  35 

The  Hopewell  O.  S.  Presbyterian  Church,  at  Odessa,  was  organized 
September  14,  1850.  The  original  members  were:  John  H.  Allison, 
Eliza  Bledsoe,  Sarah  Bullard,  C.  D.  Copp,  S.  S.  Cornwell,  Nancy  David- 
son, John  Jackson,  Clarinda  Jackson,  James  M.  Keith,  Thomas  Lee,  Mary 
Lee,  Elizabeth  Lee,  Ann  Mary  Lee,  Elizabeth  Keith,  Nathaniel  C.  and 
Rebecca  Maxwell,  Mary  M.  Chesney,Jane  Patterson,  John  B.  and  Ada- 
line  Taylor,  H.  and  Lena  Young. 

The  first  church  building  was  erected  in  1854  at  the  village  of  Mt- 
Hope.  During  the  late  war  it  was  burned,  and  was  rebuilt  in  1867.  In 
1880  the  building  was  taken  down  and  removed  to  Odessa. 

The  pastors  who  have  been  in  charge  are  the  Reverends  Thomas  A. 
Brachen,  David  Coulter,  William  A.  Bagley,  Joseph  W.  Wallace,  James 
Morton,  J.  E.  Latham,  B.  N.  Hobson,  and  Samuel  T.  Kuffner,  who  occu- 
pies the  pulpit  at  present.     The  present  membership  is  fifty-one. 

Odessa  Baptist  Church,  originally  Mt.  Hope  church,  changed  August, 
1879.  It  was  organized  August  25,  1874.  Original  members:  Ann  Bird, 
Hannah  Barker,  J.  B.,  Nancy,  M.  E.,  Thomas  W.,  and  Rev.  James  L.  Car- 
michael;  Winifred  Burns,  Virgil,  Samantha,  r.nd  Mattie  E.  Halsell,  Viola 
Hatch,  Richard  Y.  Nichelsen,  Milton,  Mary,  Ida  B.,  and  Dora  M.  Smith; 
Mary  J.  Starr,  Lucinda  McClure,  Geo.  W.,  and  Elizabeth  Wheeler.     The 


474  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

chnrch  is  frame  and  was  built  in  1878,  at  a  cost  of  $1,450.  The  church 
was  dedicated  August  29,  1880,  by  the  late  Rev.  Isaac  N.  Newman. 
Their  pastors  have  been:  Geo.  W.  Smith,  1874;  D.  C.  Bolton,  1875;  J.  B. 
Jackson,  1876;  I.  N.  Newman,  1877;  Henry  Barton,  a  short  time  in  1878; 
J  as.  L.  Carmichael,  1878;  L.  Ellege,  1879;  Alex.  Barton,  1879;  W.  T. 
Russell,  1881,  the  present  pastor.  Present  members  number  eigty-seven. 
Revs.  Newman  and  Barton  were  supplies  only  for  a  short  timt  each. 
The  regular  Baptists  own  a  one-fourth  interest  in  the  building.  Milton 
Smith,  T,  W.  Carmichael,  Thos.  W.  Gott,  trustees,  Thomas  W.  Car- 
michael, clerk.  They  have  an  interesting  Sunday-school,  organized  in 
April,  1880;  Thomas  W.  Carmichael,  superintendant. 

Christian  Church,  of  Odessa,  was  organized  in  1879.  [Names  of  origi- 
nal membership  not  given.]  The  church  was  built  in  the  spring  of  1880, 
of  brick,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000.  The  church  was  never  dedicated.  Their 
pastor  is  now  Elder  W.  R.  Cunningham,  the  only  pastor  they  have  had. 
The  membership  is  about  100.  The  Odessa  congregation  was  organized 
by  the  union  of  a  portion  of  the  Mt.  Hope  and  Greenton  congregations; 
about  100  members  went  into  the  organization. 

The  Odessa  Class,  M.  E.  Church  South,  was  organized  in  February, 
1880.  The  original  members  were:  Mr.  J.  McDonald, J.  W.  Wood,  N.  W. 
Todd,  E.  D.  Rawlings  and  wife,  Mrs.  Hillock,  Mrs.  Cynthia  Reid,  Rob't. 
T.  Russell,  and  Mrs.  Rebecca  J.  Russell. 

The  Rev.  John  D.  Wood  was  the  first  pastor,  and  the  Rev.  John  B.  H. 
Woolridge  is  in  charge  at  present.  The  class  numbers  thirteen  members 
It  has  no  house  of  worship  as  yet,  but  being  in  a  prosperous  condition, 
expects  to  build  one  soon. 

Ml.  Hope  Lodge,  JVo.  4.76,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  at  Odessa  was  instituted  by 
Xenophon  Ryland,  D.  D.  G.  M.,  under  dispensation,  dated  March  31, 
1874.  Their  charter  was  issued  Oct.  15,  1874.  The  first  officers 
and  additional  charter  members  were,  A.  R.  Leeper,  W.  M. ;  Wm.  B. 
Roberts,  S.  W.;  Robert  T.  Russell,  J.  W.;  John  C.  Alfred,  Treasurer;  W. 
T.Anderson,  Secretary;  John  W.  McBurney,  S.  D.;  J.  W.  Holman,J.  D.; 
A.  L.  Maxwell,  Tyler.  S.  W.  Creasey,  John  A.  Prather,  W.  B.  Couch- 
man,  L.  C.  Nichols,  and  J.  T.  Stanley. 

The  present  officers  are  W.  B.  Couchman,  W.  M.;  J.  W.  Holman,  S. 
W.;  Wm. Thomas, J.  W.;  L.  R.  Smith,  Treasurer;  W.  T.  Anderson,  Secre- 
tary; J.  W.McBurney,  S.  D.;T.  W.  Carmichael,  J.  D.;  L.F.Clemens,  Chap- 
lain; W.  B.  Roberts  and  S.  W.  Creasy,  Stewards;  J.  F.  Wood,  Tyler. 
The  present  membership  of  this  lodge  is  47.  It  was  originally  located  at 
Mt.  Hope,  but  by  permission  of  the  G.  M.  it  was  removed  to  Odessa, 
still  retaining  its  original  name. 

McKendee  Chapel,  M.  E.  Church,  South,  Sniabar  township,  is  situated 
in  Sec.  34,  Tp.  4S,  R.  28,  and  was  organized  in  1S40.     The  following  are 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  475 

the  names  of  the  original  members:  Morris  Cobb,  Rebecca  Cobb,  Eph- 
raim  Waggoner,  Sr.,  Sarah  Wood,  Isaac  Wood,  Isham  Reese,  Malinda 
Reese,  Elizabeth  Reese,  Nancy  Reese,  I.  M.  Cobb,  Sarah  Cobb,  Mrs. 
Cox,  Mrs.  Gatterfield,  Sarah  Sparks  and  others.  The  first  church  build- 
ing, a  frame,  was  erected  in  1857— the  present,  also  frame,  in  1858  at  a 
cost  of  $1,100.      It   was  dedicated  by   the   Rev.  William   Hulks.      The 

names  of  its  successive  pastors  were — Daniel  Leaper,  Thos.  Ashley, 

Colborn.  The  present  pastor  in  charge  is  Rev.  J.  B.  Woodridge.  The 
number  of  its  present  membership  is  ninety-four,  and  it's  Sunday  school 
was  .fifty  members.  The  church  owns  one  acre  and  a  half  of  ground 
— one  acre  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  grave-yard,  in  which  James  Wag- 
goner, son  of  Rev.  Ephraim  Waggoner,  was  the  first  person  buried. 

The  following  items  of  early  history  were  furnished  by  Mr.  Stephen  S. 
White.  The  first  settlers  in  Sniabar  township,  were  Chas.  Hopper,  William 
Helm,  Allen  Helm  and  Joseph  Cox.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of 
William  White  to  Nancy  Bowers,  by  Elder  Joseph  White,  about  the  year 
1834.  The  first  male  child  was  James  B.  White,  son  of  William  and 
Nancy  White;  and  the  first  female  child  was  Frances  White,  daughter  of 
John  White,  who  married  Miss  Cox,  in  Tennessee,  about  the  year  1832 
and  came  to  this  county  the  same  year.  The  first  death  was  that  of  John 
White,  in  1835,  and  was  burried  in  the  grave  yard  of  Joseph  White. 
Doctors  Flournoy  and  Barren  were  thefirs>t  regular  physicians  in  the  town- 
ship. Rev's.  John  Warder  of  Kentucky,  and  Joseph  White,  of  Tennessee, 
both  Baptists,  were  the  first  ministers;  preaching  first  in  private  houses,  and 
then  in  the  school  houses.  The  first  school  was  taught  by  David  White, 
who  taught  for  years  at  $200  per  year,  and  died  in  1842.  Hopper,  the 
Helms,  Coxes,  and  all  the  early  settlers  wove  cloth  for  their  own  use,  or 
wore  buckskin. 

Old  Concord  Church,  was  built  of  logs,  in  the  year  1842,  on  the  north 
end  of  northeast  quarter  of  southwest  quarter  of  section  24.  It  was  built 
as  a  church  free  for  all  denominations;  has  10  acres  appropriated  for  the 
use  of  the  church,  including  a  grave  yard  of  one  acre  and  a  half.  The 
first  person  buried  there  was  Spencer  Adams.  The  first  preachers  were 
Henry  Palmer  and  Jacob  Powell,  missionary  Baptist;  John  Warder,  O.  S. 
Baptist;  the  Methodist  circuit  riders;  and  J.  Gillespie,  Cumberland  Pres- 
byterian. 

Dr.  D.  M.  Reed  states  that  on  the  old  Helm  farm  in  the  northeast  cor- 
ner of  section  11,  a  party  of  Anderson's  men  were  surprised  in  the  spring 
of  1863,  by  a  portion  of  Col.  Crittenden's  command,  7th  regiment,  M.  S. 
M.,  and  four  of  the  former  were  killed,  and  two  of  the  latter  wounded. 

The  house  now  occupied  by  Mr.  Allred  was  deserted  during  the  war, 
and    was   occasionally  occupied  and  used  as  a  shelter  by  both  parties. 


•176  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Many  skirmishes  occured  here,  the  signs  of  which  are  now  apparent — 
bullet  holes  in  the  walls,  doors,  windows,  etc. 

The  Tobacco  Factory,  of  Johnson  Williamson,  manufactures  about 
4,000  lbs.  of  tobacco  annually,  and  is  the  principal  tobacco  market  for 
Lafayette  county. 

Point  Lookout,  a  point  on  one  of  the  Sni  Hills,  gives  a  commanding 
view  of  the  surrounding  country.  From  it  the  city  of  Lexington  can  be 
seen  to  the  northeast,  and  the  church  steeples  of  Odessa,  also  to  the  north- 
east. It  obtained  its  name  from  the  bushwhackers,  having  been  used  by 
them  as  a  post  of  observation.  It  is  located  in  section  13,  township  48, 
range  29. 


HISTORY  OF  WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 

Washington  was  struck  off  from  Lexington  township  August  2,  1836, 
and  erected  into  a  new  township,  with  the  following  boundaries:  "Begin- 
ning at  the  east  line  of  Clay  municipal  township,  on  the  township  line 
between  the  congressional  townships  19  and  50,  thence  south  with  the  said 
Clay  township  line  to  Jackson  county;  thence  east  with  the  county  line 
between  Jackson  and  Lafayette  counties  to  the  Freedom  township  line; 
thence  north  with  the  west  line  of  Freedom  township  to  Davis  township, 
thence  with  the  west  line  of  Davis  township  to  the  line  between  the  con- 
gressional townships  19  and  50;  thence  west  with  said  line  to  the  begin- 
ning." Wm.  Robinett's  was  appointed  as  the  place  of  holding  an  election, 
October  29th,  for  two  justices  of  the  peace. 

The  above  boundaries  are  just  as  they  stand  to  this  day;  but  the  south 
part  of  what  was  then  Clay  township  has  since  been  reorganized  into 
Sniabar  township.  Washington  township  contains  102  full  sections,  and 
is  the  largest  township  in  the  county. 

FIRST    SETTLEMENTS. 

As  near  as  can  be  ascertained  Richard  Powell  appears  to  be  the  earliest' 
settler  in  Washington  township,  having  located   there  as  early  as  1820. 
His  sons,  David  and  Thomas  J.  and  a  son-in-law,  named  Eli  Adams, 
occupied  the  farm — upon  which  he  settled- -after  his  death. 

Among  the  other  more  prominent  citizens  who  early  located  in  the 
limits  of  this  township,  mention  is  also  made  of  John  Jennings,  Bently 
Barton,  Nimrod  Scott,  Norman  Pool,  James  S.  Whitsett,  Ephraim  Pool, 
John  McNeal,  James  Barker,  Thos.  Hutchison,  Levi  Whitsett,  Henry 
James,  Morgan  Cockrell,  John  Ingram,  Charles  Smith,  Judge  Julius 
Emmons  and  Rev.  John  R.  Whitsett,  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter. These  settled  principally  in  the  eastern,  southern  and  northern  por- 
tions of  the  township. 


HISTORY   OF  '  LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  477 

John  Whitsett,  the  father  of  William  Whitsett  (who  came  to  this  town- 
ship in  1834,)  settled  near  Dover  in  1819,  and  three  years  later  moved  to 
the  Slaughter  farm.  Chatham  S.  Ewing  settled  where  his  son  now 
resides,  in  1836. 

The  following  items  of  early  history  were  furnished  by  Mr.  William 
Whitsett,  whose  father,  John  Whitsett  settled  near  Dover,  in  this  county, 
as  early  as  1819.  The  first  settlers  in  the  region  of  Mt.  Hebron  Church, 
were  John  Ingram,  of  Tennessee,  Charles  Smith,  of  Tennessee,  William 
Whitsett,  of  Kentucky,  Richard  Powell  and  John  R.  Whitsett,  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  Chatham  Ewing,  of  Kentucky.  The  children  of  John  R. 
Whitsett  were  the  first  born  there,  both  male  and  female.  The  first  death 
were  Mary,  daughter  of  Chatham  Ewing,  and  was  buried  at  the  old  brick 
church  south  of  Lexington.  Dr.  M.  W.  Flournoy,  of  Kentucky,  and  Dr. 
J.  M.  Kieth  were  the  first  physicians.  Rev.  Robert  Renick  was  the  first 
Christian  minister,  and  preached  in  the  old  Lebanon  log  school  house. 
He  was  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian.  The  first  school  house  was  built  in 
section  29,  township  49,  range  27,  of  logs  by  the  neighbors.  The  first 
cloth  was  weaved  by  Mrs.  Chas.  Smith.  In  February,  1835,  a  negro 
woman  belonging  to  Nimrod  Scott,  lost  her  way,  and  was  frozen  to  death. 
She  was  buried  on  the  roadside  by  the  neighbors. 

Mr.  Eli  Adams  furnishes  the  following  items  of  the  early  history  of 
Washington  township:  The  first  settlers  were  Richard  Powell,  Charles 
Smith,  Stephen  Barker,  Sr.,  James  Barker,  Elias  Barker,  John  Barker, 
'Wm.  Barker,  John  Ingram,  Juliu  s  Emmons,  Wm.  M.  Whitsett,  C.  S. 
Ewing  and  Eli  Adams.  The  first  death  was  that  of  Mrs.  Julius  Emmons, 
which  occurred  in  the  spring  of  1837.  The  first  preachers  were  Revs.  Finis 

Ewing,  Robert  and  John  Morrow,  Robert  Sloan, Kavanaugh,  of  the 

C.  P.  Church,  and  Rev.  John  Warder,  of  the  Regular  Baptist  Church. 

MAYVIEW. 

This  village  has  a  commanding  location,  on  Heth's  Mound*  situated  on 
section  18,  township  49,  range  26,  and  section  13,  same  township,  and 
range  27,  and  was  laid  out  in  1866,  by  John  P.  Herr,  George  Houx, 
Stephen  G.  Wentworth,  and  William  Morrison.  The  name  of  "May- 
view"  was  suggested  to  Mr.  Herr,  and  subsequently  adopted,  by  the  excel- 
lent view  which  could  be  obtained  from  its  cite,  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, which  presented  a  beautiful  appearance  during  the  month  of  May. 

*Uncle  George  Houx  related  at  the  "  Old  Men's  Club"  meeting,  how  Heth's  Mound  got 
its  name.  In  1812  the  british  brought  to  bear  every  influence  they  could,  to  have  the 
Indians  engage  in  hostilities  against  the  Americans,  and  bands  of  the  Osage  and  Kaw 
took  the  war  path.  Capt.  Helh  an  old  settler  of  Cooper  countjr,  was  out  with  a  scouting 
party  from  Boonville,  or  old  Franklin,  and  encountered  a  body  of  these  hostile  Indians  a 
few  miles  west  of  this  mound,  but  then  fell  back  to  it  and  there  made  a  determined  stand. 
A  sharp  and  bloody  battle  then  took  place,  and  "  the  Injins  got  licked  "  This  place  was 
thereafter  known  as  Heth's  Mound.  We  have  the  above  from  Gen.  Graham,  an  old  inti- 
mate friend  of  Mr.  Houx. 
R 


478  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

A  postoffice  was  established  in  1868,  with  Mr.  John  P.  Herr  postmaster, 
Mr.  Herr  built  the  first  house,  and  also  owned  and  operated  the  first  store. 
Mr.  George  Houx  built  a  dwelling  house  about  the  same  time.  The  first 
school  house  was  a  frame  building,  built  in  1866,  at  a  cost  of  $600.  The 
first  school  was  taught  by  the  Rev.  William  Gordon,  and  numbered  fifty 
pupils,  each  of  whom  paid  a  tuition  of  $2.00  per  month.  The  first  mar- 
riage reported  was  that  of  John  McAllister  and  Jennie  West,  who  were 
united  in  the  bonds  of  wedlock,  by  the  Rev.  M.  Roth,  in  1868,  at  the  house 
of  the  bride's  parents.  The  first  male  child  born  was  Oscar,  son  of  Thos. 
T.  and  S.  Belle  Puckett,  born  July  6,  1870.  Agnes  Lee,  daughter  of 
Dr.  David  H.  and  Katie  Bradley,  was  the  first  female  child  born  in  the 
village.  (Date  of  birth  not  reported).  The  first  death  to  occur  was  that 
of  Young  Ewing,  who  died  in  1869,  and  was  buried  at  Mount  Hebron 
Cemetery. 

Dr.  Bouton  is  asserted  to  have  been  the  first  regular  physician,  formerly 
of  Kentucky,  and  who  recently  went  to  Colorado.  The  first  religious 
services  were  held  in  a  schoolhouse,  by  the  Christian  denomination,  with 
Elder  G.  R.  Hand,  pastor. 

In  1878,  Messrs.  Waterhouse  and  Ridings  made  an  addition  to  the 
original  town,  on  the  west  side.  May  view  is  a  flourishing  village  of  about 
250  inhabitants,  located  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad,  and  also  on  the 
main  thoroughfare  between  Lexington  and  Warrensburg.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  partial  list  of  the  business  houses: 

General  merchandise,  3;  grocery,  1;  drugs,  1;  blacksmiths,  2;  physi-' 
cians,  2;  mill,  1;  hardware,  1 ;  grain  dealer,  1 ;  hotels,  2;  justice  of  peace,  1; 
lumber  yard,  1;  drug  and  grocer,  1;  livery,  2;  furniture,  1. 

The  Christian  Church,  of  Mayview,  was  organized  December  2,  1852. 
The  first  members  were:  W.  H.  Stone,  E.  J.  Stone,  M.  E.  Stone,  Jane 
Conn,  F.  M.  Small,  E.  E.  Small,  J.  M.  Small,  W.  Small,  Thomas  Proctor, 
S.  Proctor,  M.  A.  Proctor,  Easter,  (colored  woman).  The  church  build- 
ing is  a  frame,  and  was  erected  in  October,  1875,  at  a  cost  of  about  $3,000. 
It  was  dedicated  as  soon  as  completed  by  Elder  D.  M.  Grandfield.  Their 
pastors  have  been:  D.  M.  Grandfield,  W.  R.  Cunningham,  W.  P.  Dorsey, 
Geo.  Plattenburg,  J.  A.  Lord,  H.  W.  Williams,  the  present  pastor.  The 
church  has  87  active  members.  The  original  name  of  this  church  was 
the  Union,  and  was  located  three  miles  south  of  Mayview.  Their  church 
building  was  burnt  down  during  the  war,  and  the  church  was  then  moved 
to  Mayview  in  1875,  and  the  name  changed  to  Christian  Church  of  May- 
view. 

SOCIETIES. 

Mayview  Lodge,  No.  318.  I.  O.  G.  T.,  was  organized  by  O.  Hutchi- 
son in  November,  1879.  The  charter  members  were  J.  B.  Jones,  Thos. 
T.  Puckett,  Reuben    Puckett,  E.  S.  Butt,  Jas.  Waterhouse,    John  C. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  479 

Moore,  J.  P.  Herr,  J.  E.  Kinchloe,  J.  P.  Maw,  Cordelia  Moore,  F.  S. 
Waterhouse,  Belle  Puckett,  Mrs.  Eliza  McKinney,  S.  E.  Ford.  The 
names  of  its  first  officers  were:  J.  B.  Jones,  W.  C;  Mrs.  Sue  Waterhouse, 
V.  W.  C;  J.  C.  Moore,  P.  W.  C;  E.  S.  Butt,  secretery;  Thos.  T.  Puck- 
ett, chaplain ;  Mrs.  Belle  Puckett,  treasurer;  Jas.  Westerhouse,  marshal. 
The  names  of  the  present  officers  are:  J.  B.  Jones,  W.  C. ;  Zada  Maw 
V.  W.  C;  Thos.  T.  Puckett,  P.  W.;  E.  S.  Butt,  secretary:  J.  P.  Maw) 
chaplain;  I.  W.  Whitsett,  treasurer;  W.  P.  Keith,  Jr.,  marshal.  The 
number  of  present  members  are  42.  They  own  no  hall,  but  use  base- 
ment of  Christian  church.     The  lodge  is  reported  in  a  working  condition. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Mound  Prairie  Baptist  Church,  situated  on  the  northeast  qr.  of 
northeast  qr.  of  section  30,  township  49,  range  26,  was  organized  Oct.  26, 
1842.  Its  first  members  were  Milton  and  Isabella  Perry,  Wm.  Lankford, 
and  Julius  Burton,  of  the  Lexington  congregation,  and  fifty  others,  the 
result  of  a  meeting  in  the  neighborhood.  The  first  building  was  log, 
18x24  feet,  and  was  erected  in  1844.  The  present  building  is  a  frame 
one,  36x58,  and  was  erected  in  1858,  at  a  cost  of  about  $2,000.  The 
church  was  never  dedicated.  Their  pastors  have  been  Elders  A.  P.  Wil- 
liams, Joseph  White,  Wm.  C.  Ligon,  I.  T.  Williams,  W.  P.  C.  Caldwell, 
Amos  Horn,  Edward  Roth,  E.  S.  Dulin,  J.  A.  Hollis,  J.  Farmer,  C.  Whit- 
ing, G.  W.  Smith,  D.  C.  Bolton,  S.  Whiting,  A.  Barton  and  Wm.  Russell, 
present  pastor.  The  present  membership  numbers  about  175.  The 
church  since  its  organization  has  received  about  500  members.  Trus- 
tees and  deacons,  Wm.  Lankford  and  Elijah  Gladdish;  clerk,  Robt.  Lank- 
ford;   moderator,    Wm.    Lankford;   treasurer,   B.    F.  Vicars. 

The  Mt.  Hebron,  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  situated  on  two 
acres  of  northwest  qr.  of  northwest  qr.,  section  22,  township  49,  range  27, 
was  organized  July  11,  1852,  by  Rev.  C.  A.  Davis.  The  original  mem- 
bers were  Geo.  Houx,  Eliza  A.  Houx,  Mary  A.  Houx,  Young  Ewing, 
Sam'l  T.  Whitsett,  Absolom  Marshall,  L.  A.  Renick,  Pruda  Ingram, 
Eveline  Woods,  Ann  Renick,  Nancy  Powell,  Martha  Whitsett,  Mary 
Ingram,  Mahala  Whitsett,  Elizabeth  Whitsett,  Nancy  Marshall,  Mary 
E.  Marshall,  Hezekiah  Waterhouse,  Lucinda  Waterhouse,  Chas.  L. 
Ewing,  W.  A.  Ewing,  Jas.  Wood,  Oliver  Houx,  Pamela  M.  Lytton, 
Verlinder  Small,  Jane  S.  Renick,  John  T.  Renick,  David  Ewing,  (col.) 
The  first  church  building  was  of  brick,  and  was  erected  in  1851.  *This 
building  was  burnt  down,  and  another  brick  one  built  in  1873.  Their 
pastors  have  been  Rev's.  C.  A.  Davis,  W.  W.  Sudath,  J.  A.  Prather,  D. 

♦George  Houx,  Col.  Thompson  Ewing,  Chatham  Ewing  and  William  Whitsett,  of  Lex- 
ington congregation,  originated  and  carried  out  the  plan  of  building  this  church.  Mr. 
Houx  was  the  superintendent  and  principal  aider  in  the  enterprise.  The  building  cost 
$2,385.14,  and  the  name  "  Mt.  Hebron  "  was  adopted  by  the  congregation. 


480  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

M.  K.  Barnett,  Jas.  H.  Drennan,  S.  Finis  King,  L.  F.  Clemens,  present 
pastor.  The  present  membership  is  98.  The  first  house  was  burned  on 
the  16th  of  March,  1873,  and  was  rebuilt  the  same  year  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,000.  The  walls  of  the  first  building  were  not  destroyed.  Ruling 
Elders,  Wm.  M.  Whitsett,  E.  M.  Harrelson,  Hezekiah  Waterhouse,  Hi 
C.  Ewing,  Wm.  Houx,  Joseph  A.  Pather,  Sam'l  Smith;  clerk,  deacon 
Jas.  Waterhouse;  trustees,  Sam'l  Smith,  H.  C.  Ewing.  Since  its  organiz- 
ation this  congregation  has  received  267  members,  including  the  original 
ones,  and  has  lost  by  death  24. 

DEEDS    OF   VIOLENCE. 

The  following  is  given  by  Mr.  Eli  Adams:  In  the  spring  of  1841,  Mrs. 
Mary  Scott  and  her  son,  King  B.  Scott,  were  murdered  in  this  township. 
Mrs.  Scott's  body  was  found  in  the  fire  in  the  house.  In  the  spring  of 
1843,  two  years  afterward,  the  body  of  King  B.  Scott  was  found  in  a 
branch  of  the  Sni.  Suspicion  rested  upon  John  C.  Lester,  a  son-in-law 
of  Mrs.  Scott,  and  John  Horton.  Horton  was  arrested  on  a  charge  of 
passing  counterfeit  money,  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of  two 
years.  While  there  he  declared  that  Lester  had  committed  the  murder  of 
the  Scotts — mother  and  son.  The  governor  was  petitioned  for  a  reprieve. 
Horton  returned  and  Lester  was  arrested  and  indicted  for  the  murders, 
but  owing  to  a  technicality,  the  indictment  was  dismissed.  He  was  again 
indicted,  took  a  change  of  venue,  to  Henry  county;  was  there  tried, 
found  guilty,  and  hung  at  Clinton,  in  1844. 

Some  two  or  three  years  before  the  war,  a  murder  occurred  on  the 
farm  of  Mr.  Early,  on  the  line  between  Lexington  and  Washington 
townships.  Two  negroes  secreted  themselves  behind  a  gate  post,  and  as 
Mr.  Nance,  Mr.  Early's  overseer,  was  passing  through  the  gate,  the 
negroes  struck  him  with  a  club,  killing  him  instantly.  This  happened 
about  daybreak.  The  negroes  were  taken  to  Lexington,  tried  regularly, 
and  hung. 

THE    WAR    TIME. 

About  June  20,  1864,  "  Bill "  Anderson,  with  twenty-two  or  twenty- 
three  men,  met  a  detachment  of  Captain  Burroughs'  company  of  militia, 
on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Wm.  Whitsett,  near  Mt.  Hebron  church;  said  detach- 
ment consisting  of  thirty-seven  men  and  three  wagons,  of  five  mules 
each,  being  on  its  way  from  Lexington  to  its  camp  in  Washington  town- 
ship with  provisions.  A  short  and  bloody  conflict  ensued,  in  which  nine 
of  Burroughs'  men  were  killed  outright  and  four  or  five  mortally  wounded, 
the  remainder  succeeding  in  making  their  escape.  The  attack  was  sud- 
den and  the  militia  were  taken  at  a  disadvantage.  Only  one  of  Ander- 
son's men  was  injured.  The  bushwhackers  shot  the  mules  and  burned 
the  wagons. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  481 

In  1862  Capt.  LeffenwelPs  company  of  militia  surrounded  a  Mr.  Suth- 
erlin  and  his  son,  Samuel  McMahan  and  Zenith  Redd,  on  Mr.  Sutherlin's 
place,  and  a  short  skirmish  took  place,  in  which  McMahan,  Redd  and 
three  or  four  militia  men  were  killed.  Mr.  Sutherlin  and  his  son  suc- 
ceeded in  making  their  escape.  The  latter  two  had  served  in  the  confed- 
erate army  for  six  months,  then  engaged  in  bushwhacking  for  some  time, 
and  finally  returned  to  the  confederate  service. 

In  September  of  1862,  "  Bill "  Anderson,  with  thirteen  men,  met  four  of 
Col.  Henry  Neill's  men,  named:  Evan  Phillips,  Wm.  Iddings,  Wm.  King 
and Meyers,  on  the  Lexington  road  east  of  Big  Sni.  The  bush- 
whackers took  them  into  Washington  township,  in  the  Vicinity  of  May- 
view  and  there  shot  them.  Their  remains  were  found  about  four  weeks 
after. 


Biographical  Sketches. 

CLAY    TOWNSHIP. 

MAURICE    G.  JACOBS, 

merchant  and  real  estate,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  Is  a  native  of  Trenton, 
Grundy  county,  Missouri,  where  he  lived  until  eleven  years  of  age,  when 
he  moved  to  Wellington  this  county.  Was  educated  there  and  at  the  St. 
Louis  commercial  college.  In  1865  he  commenced  business  in  Welling- 
ton, remaining  there  two  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  he  moved  to 
Napoleon,  where  he  is  still  living  engaged  in  a  thriving  business.  In  1866 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Ella  V.  Thorp,  daughter  of  Col. 
Thorp,  of  this  county.  The  period  of  their[wedded  happiness  was  of  short 
duration,  the  young  husband  being  called  upon  to  mourn  the  loss  of 
his  companion,  ere  one  year  had  rolled  around.  October  3,  1871,  he  was 
again  married  to  Miss  Marie  E.  Kidd,  daughter  of  A.  F.  Kidd,  of  Jack- 
son county.  By  this  latter  union  he  has  had  three  children,  one  only  now 
living,  born  January  20,  1876.  Mr.  Jacobs  is  an  active,  energetic,  thrifty 
business  man,  who  looks  sharply  after  his  own  interests  and  at  the  same 
time  is  not  unfaithful  to  public  affairs,  in  which  he  is  quite  influential.  He 
is  the  owner  of  1,500  acres  of  very  fine  improved  farming  land  in  Jack- 
son, Lafayette  and  Ray  counties. 

DR.  J.  W.  LIGHTNER, 

firm  of  Joseph  H.  Lightner  &  J.  W.  Lightner,  M.  D.,  dry  goods, 
groceries,  drugs,  etc.,  P.  O.,  Napoleon.  Was  born  at  Sibley,  Jackson 
county,  Missouri,  February  12,  1851.  Was  reared  in  this  county  and 
attended  high  school  at  Greenton,  Missouri.  Was  an  assistant  teacher  in 
the  Howard  High  school,  in  Vernon  county.  He  read  medicine  with  L. 
M.  Dixon,  M.  D.,  of  Walker,  Missouri;  afterwards  attended  lectun-s  at 
the  Louisville  medical  college,  and  graduated  in  1876.  In  the  same  year 
he  also  attended  the  "  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine."  In  June,  of  same 
year,  he  commencd  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Napoleon.  September  19, 
1879,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Dora  A.  Sams,  of  Carrollton,  Kentucky. 
The  doctor  is  a  genial,  affable  gentleman,  held  in  high  estimation  by  his 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  4&3 

fellow  citizens,  for  his  profound  knowledge  of  medical  science  and  social 
qualities.  His  whole  time  and  attention  are  required  in  his  large  and  lucra- 
tive practice,  in  the  town  and  surrounding  country. 

HENRY  H.  WAESTEMEYER, 

farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  Was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Missouri,  September  7,  1842.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Prussia.  Was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  county.  September  7,  1865,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Louisa  A.  Kallmeyer.  They  became  parents 
of  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living — three  sons  and  three 
daughters.  The  eldest,  Mary  L.,  was  born  August  23,  1866.  After  his 
marriage  he  lived  in  his  native  county,  engaged  in  general  merchandising 
until  1869,  when  he  moved  to  Lincoln  county,  and  continued  in  the 
same  business.  In  1S71  he  took  a  stock  of  goods  to  Carrollton,  Carroll 
county,  where  he  carried  on  business  for  one  year,  at  the  expiration  of 
which  time  he  sold  out  his  stock  and  abandoned  the  mercantile  trade. 
He  then  moved  to  Napoleon,  and  located  on  a  fine  farm  of  130  acres, 
where  he  now  resides,  engaged  in  its  cultivation.  He  also  pays  consider- 
able attention  to  the  raising  of  fine  stock,  bees,  etc.  He  has  a  fine  frame  res- 
idence with  a  brick  basement,  beautifully  located  on  the  bank  of  the  Mis- 
souri river,  at  a  point  which  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  surrounding 
country.  His  farm  contains  about  twenty-five  acres  of  good  tirnber,  and 
an  orchard  of  about  175  bearing  trees,  besides  several  others  not  yet 
arrived  at  that  stage.  Mr.  Waestemeyer  is  an  industrious,  enterprising 
business  man,  possessing  the  unlimited  confidence  of  the  community  in 
which  he  resides,  as  indexed  to  a  certain  extent  by  his  election  to  the  office 
of  justice  of  the  peace  for  Clay  township,  in  which  capacity  he  is  serving 
with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction  to  all. 

STROTHER  RENICK, 

farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a 
native  of  Barren  county,  Kentucky;  born  near  Glasgow, January  19,1804. 
His  boyhood  was  passed  in  his  native  county,  where  he  was  educated.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  came  to  this  state  and  county,  and  in  1821  set- 
tled on  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides.  In  1824  he  went  to  New 
Mexico,  where  he  spent  one  }rear  and  then  returned.  In  1829  he  took  the 
second  trip  to  New  Mexico  and  spent  another  year  there — trading.  He  then 
returned  to  his  farm  and  built  the  fine  residence  which  he  now  occupies, 
comprised  of  a  large  frame  building,  containing  nine  comfortable  and  airy 
rooms,  with  wide  halls  between,  and  fitted  up  with  all  of  the  appurtenan- 
ces necessary  for  comfort  and  convenience.  His  place  is  known  far  and 
near,  as  the  "Plum  Orchard  Farm."  It  is  beautifully  located  on  the 
divide  between  Sniabar  Creek  and  the  Missouri  river;  it  contains  421 


484  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

acres,  all  under  cultivation.  He  has  a  fine,  large  orchard  of  1,200  apple 
trees,  and  a  smaller  one  of  peaches,  pears,  etc.  A  fine  .grove  of  locust 
trees,  planted  by  himself  in  1830,  ornament  the  lawn  in  front  of  the  house. 
The  outhouses,  consisting  of  two  barns,  a  double  carriage  house,  ice-house, 
etc.,  are  fine  specimens  of  architecture  and  complete  in  their  appointments. 
During  the  past  six  months  he  has  sold  three  farms,  one  of  245  acres,  one 
of  ninety-three  acres,  and  one  of  forty  acres,  all  well  improved.  Besides 
the  home  farm  Mr.  R.  owns  six  others,  all  under  cultivation,  aggregating 
800  or  900  acres  of  land.  November  18,  1839,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Rebecca  H.  Livesay,  a  native  of  Greenbriar  county,  Virginia. 
Mr.  Renick  has  been  a  resident  of  this  county  for  over  half  a  century. 
He  is  a  man  of  broad  and  liberal  views,  quick  to  discover  the  true  inward- 
ness of  any  enterprise,  either  public  or  private,  and  ready  to  assist  in  the 
active  prosecution  of  any  which  meets  the  approbation  of  his  sound  and 
well  matured  judgment. 

RICHARD  M.  CHINN, 

farmer  and  stockraiser,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  Born  in  Bourbon  county,  Ken- 
tucky, March  28,  1825.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Kentucky  also.  His 
early  life  was  passed  in  his  native  State,  where  he  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation. On  the  7th  of  January,  1858;  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie  B. 
Barton.  By  this  union  they  have  had  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living.  Moved  to  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  in  1S66,  and  purchased  the 
farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  228  acres  of  excellent  land. 
He  occupies  a  substantial  two-story  house,  containing  five  rooms,  finely 
located  on  the  watershed  between  the  Sniabar  creek  and  the  Missouri 
river  and  two  miles  south  of  Napoleon.  In  October,  1873,  Mr.  Chinn  was 
married  for  the  second  time  to  Mrs.  Magdalen  Johnson,  nee  Regan,  his 
first  wife  died  during  the  previous  year.  He  is  a  man  of  strict  integrity 
and  high  principle,  admired  by  all  who  know  him. 

DR.  EDWARD  H.  SMITH, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  Son  of  Richard  Smith;  was  born 
in  Montreal,  Canada,  March  16,  1857,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated. 
After  taking  an  academic  course  at  Montreal  College  and  graduating,  he 
entered  the  McGill  Medical  University,  established  in  1812,  where  he 
completed  one  of  the  most  thorough  courses  of  medical  science  to  be 
found  in  the  curriculum  of  any  college  in  the  country,  receiving  his  diploma 
in  March,  1881.  After  graduating,  he  went  to  Kansas  City  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  medicine.  He,  however,  remained  there  but  a  short  time 
going  to  Napoleon  in  June  of  the  same  year.  Having  a  thorough  and 
complete  theoretical  knowledge  of  the  "  art  of  healing,"  the  doctor  hopes 
by  close  application  and  strict  attention  to  business,  to  build  up  a  large 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  485 

and  lucrative  practice  in  the  town  and  surrounding  country.  Few  men 
have  begun  life  under  more  favorable  auspices — with  youth,  health  and 
energy  on  his  side,  he  is  sure  to  succeed. 

CHARLES  E.  STONE, 

merchant  and  druggist,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  Born  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  June 
2,1831.  His  parents  died  during  his  infancy.  During  his  minority  he 
was  educated  in  Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  and  at  the  "  University  of 
North  Carolina,"  graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1849.  During 
vacations  he  sailed  south  on  his  uncle's  ship,  in  capacity  of  super  cargo, 
going  as  far  south  as  Rio  Janeiro.  He  visited  the  West  Indies,  Nova 
Scotia,  Central  America,  and  various  other  places  of  interest.  After 
graduating  he  spent  11  years  in  the  northwestern  States  trading.  In  I860 
he  went  to  San  Francisco  via.  Newr  York,  spending  six  years  in  Cali- 
fornia and  Nevada,  engaged  in  mining  during  the  first  three  years.  While 
in,  California  he  enlisted  in  the  Federal  service,  company  E.  1st  California 
regiment.  Was  mustered  out  of  service  in  February  1866,  when  he 
returned  to  this  state  and  located  in  Ray  county,  where  he  led  to  the  mar- 
riage altar,  Miss  Willie  Thornton,  daughter  of  Dr.  Thornton,  on  the  27th 
day  of  March,  1866.  While  living  in  Ray  county  he  was  engaged  in 
teaching  school.  In  1874  he  moved  to  Jackson  county,  where  he  lived 
for  one  year  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  tobacco,  having  built  a  fac- 
tory for  that  purpose  at  Lone  Jack.  In  1876  he  came  to  Napoleon,  this 
county,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  drug  and  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Stone  has  a  family  of  six  children,  three  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters. 

THOMAS  B.  FISHBACK, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  son  of  F. 
L.  Fishback,  and  the  youngest  of  nine  children ;  born  in  Lafayette  county, 
October  18,  1861.  Was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  located  four  miles 
south  of  Napoleon.  Attended  the  public  schools,  at  intervals;  deriving 
his  education,  principally,  however,  through  his  own  unaided  efforts.  In 
1881,  February  27,  he  was  united  in  the  bonds  of  wedlock,  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Hudnall,  daughter  of  R.  A.  Hudnall.  Having  previously  established 
himself  in  the  mercantile  business,  at  Napoleon,  Mr.  F.  commences  life 
with  flattering  prospects.  Having  vouth,  health,  energy,  and  good  pratical 
judgment;  aided  and  assisted  by  the  wise  couasel  and  co-operation  of  an 
estimable  wife;  both  promising  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  who 
know  them,  there  is  no  reason  why  the  happy  couple  should  not  pass  their 
lives  in  peace  and  prosperity. 


480  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ROBERT  A.  HUDNALL, 

farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.,  Napoleon.  The  subject  of  the  following  is 
the  son  of  Jabez  Hudnall;  born  in  Pittsylvania  county,  Virginia,  Decem- 
ber 6,  1834.  Lived  there  until  1849,  when  he  went  to  Bedford  county, 
and  engaged  in  clerking  for  different  parties  until  1852.  The  first  year, 
he  received  for  compensation,  the  munificent  sum  of  $11,  and  his  clothes; 
the  second  year,  $24;  the  third  year,  $50,  and  the  fourth  year,  $100. 
Verily,  money  was  scarce — with  him.  In  1852,  he  made  a  loan  of  $250, 
with  which  he  entered  into  partnership  with  two  other  men,  in  a  business 
in  which  they  were  experienced  and  he  was  not.  At  the  end  of  a  year  and 
a  half,  he  had  the  experience,  and  they  the  money.  This  unfortunate 
transaction  left  him  $250  in  debt.  In  1855,  he  went  back  to  one  of  his 
former  employees,  and  engaged  with  him  again,  at  the  old  salary  of  $100 
per  year.  In  1857,  he  came  to  this  state  locating  in  Jackson  county, 
having,  at  the  time  he  arrived,  only  twenty-five  cents  in  his  pocket. 
He  engaged  in  his  old  occupation — that  of  clerking — which  he  fol- 
lowed until  1861,  when  he  commenced  business  for  himself,  at  Napo- 
leon. He  had  but  little  money,  but  had  good  credit.  He  purchased 
hemp,  but,  on  account  of  the  war,  was  not  allowed  to  ship  it  with- 
out a  permit.  He,  however,  succeeded  in  shipping  a  cargo,  upon 
which  he  realized  the  snug  little  profit  of  $5,500.  Continued  in  this 
business,  with  a  moderate  degree  of  success,  until  the  31st  of  July,  I860, 
when  the  federals  set  fire  to  his  warehouse,  which,  with  its  contents,  was 
entirely  consumed,  leaving  him.  not  only  penniless,  but  $700  in  debt. 
Nothing  daunted,  however,  he  next  went  to  Carroll  county,  and  dealt  in 
hogs;  realizing  enough  by  this  venture  to  pay  oft' his  indebtedness,  thereby 
re-establishing  his  credit.  Furnished  with  what  money  he  needtd  by  a 
St.  Louis  commission  house,  he  continued  in  the  hemp  trade,  in  which  he 
realized  $20,000,  in  the  short  space  of  four  months.  He  then  purchased  a 
fourth  interest  in  the  steamer  "Shreveport/'  plying  on  the  Missouri  river. 
This  proved  to  be  a  "white  elephant,"  which  coupled  with  his  losses  in 
gold  speculation,  left  him  with  only  $4,500  in  his  exchequer.  In  1865,  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Capt.  John  Reiser,  and  William  M.  McPher- 
son,  of  St.  Louis,  and  purchased  a  stock  of  goods  to  take  to  Montana. 
The  stock,  at  Helena,  Montana,  ccst  them  $34,200.  In  twenty  days  after 
arriving  there,  he  sold  the  entire  stock  for  $52,000  in  gold.  After  paying 
out  $16,000,  for  transporting  goods,  he  sold  the  remainder,  $36,000  in 
gold,  at  40  per  cent,  premium.  In  1866,  he  started  from  St.  Louis,  en  route 
to  Fort  Benton,  with  a  steamboat  load  of  merchandise.  The  boat  sunk 
seven  miles  below  Sioux  City;  he,  however,  sustaining  no  loss.  In  the 
same  year,  he  went  to  Montana,  where  he  engaged  in  trading  and  freight- 
ing.    In  1868,  he  went  to  Bedford  county,  Virginia,  and  in  1869,  came  to 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  487 

Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  and  purchased  the  fine  farm  of  300  acres,  upon 
which  he  now  resides,  pleasantly  located  upon  the  divide  between  theSni- 
abar  creek  and  the  Missouri  river.  His  residence  and  outhouses  are 
models  of  neatness  and  convenience.  In  November,  1861,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Mary  Brown,  of  Jackson  county.  They  have  five 
children  living — four  daughters  and  one  son.  The  eldest  daughter  mar- 
ried Mr.  T.  B.  Fishback,  of  Napoleon.  The  second  is  attending  Central 
College,  of  Lexington.  Few  men,  indeed,  have  experienced  the  vicissi- 
tudes of  such  an  eventful  life,  as  that  of  the  subject  of  the  foregoing 
sketch;  who,  now  surrounded  by  a  loving  family,  is  reaping  in  comfort 
the  fruits  of  a  life  of  toil  and  trial. 

GEORGE  W.  GRUBB, 

farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  Napoleon.  Born,  February  2,  1831, 
in  Loudon  county,  Virginia,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated. 

In  1852,  in  company  with  John  W.  Conard,  (afterwards  his  brother-in- 
law),  he  came  to  this  state  and  county,  and  in  the  following  year,  returned 
and  was  united  in  marriage,  February  23,  1854,  to  Miss  Jane  A.  Conard. 
In  same  year,  returned  to  this  county  with  his  bride,  and  located  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  resides.  Five  children  were  born  to  them;  four  now 
living,  viz:  Mary  Lizzie,  Lucelia J,  (married  R.  E.  Fishback),  Sterling 
Lee,  Alina  B.  The  farm  upon  which  Mr.  Grubb  is  living  consists  of  221 
acres  of  well  improved  land,  upon  which  there  is  a  fine  orchard,  which 
furnishes  plenty  of  all  kinds  of  fruit.  He  also  devotes  some  attention  to 
bee  culture,  cultivating  the  Italian  species,  which  are  thought  to  be  the 
best  adapted  to  this  climate.  Has  a  fine,  large,  commodious  residence 
and  good  substantial  barns  and  outhouses,  all  in  good  repair. 

Mr.  Grubb  is  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county  of  his  adop- 
tion; the  interests  of  which  he  guards  with  a  vigilant  eye.  He  also  owns 
considerable  land  in  Johnson  county. 

JOHN  G.  STROTHMAN, 

farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.,  Napoleon.  Is  a  native  of  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, born  May  31,  1811.  Was  raised  and  educated  in  the  country  of 
his  birth.  He  immigated  to  the  United  States  in  1836,  landing  at  Balti- 
more on  the  11th  of  June.  In  1839,  he  went  to  Kentucky,  and  engaged 
work  in  a  hemp  factory.  In  1842,  he  moved  to  Lafayette  county,  Mo., 
locating  upon  the  farm,  where  he  now  resides,  situated  one  mile  east  of 
Napoleon.  It  consists  of  160  acres,  nearly  all  improved.  Has  a  fine  res- 
idence and  all. of  the  outhouses  and  appurtenances,  necessary  to  the  culti- 
vation of  a  stock  farm.  Has  a  fine  orchard  of  seventy-five  apple  trees, 
and  also  several  pear  and  peach  trees,  all  bearing.  In  1844,  he  was  mar- 
ried, in  St.  Louis,  to  Sophia  M.  Denter,  a  native  of  Prussia.     Five  child- 


488        •  HISTORV    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ren  are  the  fruits  of  this  marriage,  named  as  follows:  Sophia,  (Mrs.  Isaac 
Summers),  Louisa,  John,  James  and  William;  all  married.  They  all  live 
in  this  vicinity  except  the  eldest.  Mr.  S.  is  a  steady,  industrious,  enter- 
prising citizen,  of  the  kind  and  quality  which  go  to  make  up  the  backbone 
of  the  community. 

STEPHEN  GATES, 

farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.,  Napoleon.  Is  a  native  of  Baden,  Ger- 
many, born  in  1839.  Immigated  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1844;  locating  in  Wisconsin,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  and  acquired  his 
education.  In  1859,  he  left  Wisconsin  and  went  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he  came  to  this  state  and  county  and 
purchased  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  300  acres  of 
fine  bottom  land,  located  one  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Napoleon ;  all  but 
seventy  acres  is  under  cultivation.  The  present  year,  (1881),  he  has  140 
acres  of  corn  planted,  which  now  give  promise  of  an  abundant  crop. 
Along  the  Missouri  river  on  this  farm  are  some  trees  of  very  large  growth 
— monarchs  of  the  forest — one  sycamore  measuring  18£  feet  in  circumfer- 
ence. Walnuts  have  been  cut  measuring  thirteen  and  fourteen  feet.  In 
1868,  Mr.  Gates  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Angeline  McFarland. 
Their  union  is  blessed  with  five  daughters.  Mr.  G.  is  a  thrifty,  stirring 
business  man  and  a  model  farmer. 

JOSEPH  H.  LIGHTNER, 

firm  of  Lightner  Bros.,  dry  goods,  medicines  and  general  merchan- 
dise, P.  O.  Napoleon.,  was  born  in  this  state  and  county,  June  8th,  1849, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Was  educated,  primarily,  in  this  county,  and 
during  the  years  of  '68  and  '69,  he  attended  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commer- 
cial College  at  Cincinnati.  After  leaving  school,  he  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing up  to  the  year  1880,  when  he  entered  the  mercantile  firm  of  which  he 
is  now  a  member.  He  married  Miss  Anna  Handly,  Jan.  21st,  1875.  They 
have  two  daughters,  viz.:  Florence  R.,  born  Oct.  23d,  1878,  and  Kittie 
R.,  born  Oct.  27th,  1880. 

The  firm  of  Lightner  Bros,  is  the  leading  one  of  the  town  of  Napoleon 
Although  but  recently  established,  being  comprised  of  men  of  ability  and 
experience,  it  has  already  taken  its  place  in  the  front  rank. 

JUDGE  JOHN  A.  LOCKHART, 

blacksmith,  P.  O.  Wellington.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of 
Simpson  county,  Ky.,  born  in  1833.  Came  to  Morgan  county,  Mo.,  in 
1840,  where  he  remained  four  years;  he  then  came  to  Lafayette, 
county,  where  he  lived  for  a  short  time.  In  1852  he  went  to 
Wellington,     where  he    learned   his    trade,  working    with   his  brother, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  4S9 

T.  S.  Lockhart,  who  is  a  fine  mechanic.  Manufactures  plows, 
deals  in  agricultural  implements,  hardware,  &c.  Makes  a  plow  of 
his  own  invention,  which  has  a  good  reputation,  and  from  the  sale  of 
which  he  realizes  a  good  income.  He  is  the  only  representative  of  his 
trade  in  Wellington  and  is  doing  a  lucrative  business.  Owns  a  fine  resi- 
dence in  the  edge  of  town.  In  November,  1S80,  at  the  request  of  his 
friends,  he  made  a  canvass  of  his  district  forjudge  of  District  Court  and 
was  elected  by  a  handsome  majority.  He  obtained  his  education  under 
many  difficulties,  being  self  educated,  to  a  great  extent.  Attended  night 
school  for  some  time,  even  continuing  his  attendance  after  his  marriage. 
Was  married  in  1859,  to  Miss  Mary  White,  daughter  of  Luvin  White, 
deceased,  formerly  of  Scott  county,  Ky.  They  have  five  children  by  this 
marriage:  one  son  and  four  daughters.  His  son  is  married  and  assists 
him  in  the  shop.  The  Judge  is  an  honored  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church, 
South.  Is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  81,  of  Wellington.  He 
is  a  man  of  undisputed  integrity,  eminently  worthy,  in  every  respect,  of 
the  unbounded  confidence  placed  in  him  by  his  fellow  citizens. 

MARTIN  SLAUGHTER. 

Mr.  Slaughter,  son  of  Roger  and  Lucy  Slaughter,  nee  Long,  who  were 
born  and  bred  in  Virginia,  is  a  native  of  Orange  county,  Va.;  born  Nov. 
22,  1812.  His  education  was  obtained  while  living  there.  In  1837  he 
went  to  Scott  county,  Ky.,  where  he  remained  until  the  spring  of  1844, 
when  he  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has 
resided,  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising.  He  was  married  May  4, 
1847,  to  Miss  Lucy  R.  T.  Moore,  of  Orange  county,  Va.  They  have 
four  children  living,  viz:  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Tilden,  Arthur  O.,  Philip  and 
Henry.  Mrs.  Slaughter  died  in  1852.  June  23,  1853,  he  married  Mrs. 
Beatty,  of  this  county.  By  this  marriage  they  have  one  child  living, 
Thomas  S.  B.  Mr.  Slaughter's  paternal  grandfather  was  a  veteran  of 
the  revolutionary  war.  Mr.  S.  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church.  His 
Post  Office  address  is  Greenton. 

J.  E.  WAGONER. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Allen  county,  Ky.,  and  came  to 
Missouri  with  his  parents  in  1849,  locating  in  Lafayette  county,  where,  after 
arriving  at  manhood's  estate,  he  engaged  in  farming  and  merchandising. 
In  1880  he  went  to  Odessa,  where  he  now  resides  engaged  in  the  grain 
trade.  Sept.  18,  1877,  he  was  married  to  Miss  L.  H.  Hobson,  of  Jackson 
county.  They  have  one  child,  Stella  M.  Mr.  Wagoner  is  a  member  of 
the  Grange  and  also  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  south.  Is  a  partner  in  the  firm 
of  Cobb  &  Wagoner,  grain  dealers,  Post  Office,  Odessa. 


490  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

S.  W.  CREASEY. 

The  parents  of  Mr.  Creasey  were  natives  of  Bedford  county,  Va., 
where  he  was  born,  bred  and  educated.  Came  to  Missouri  in  April, 
1853,  with  his  mother,  his  father  having  died  previous  to  that  time.  They 
settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  Mr.  C.  has  since  resided,  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising.  In  1866  he  led  Miss  Mary  R.  Renick  to  the 
marriage  altar,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  viz:  Charles  R.  Their  wedded 
happiness  was  of  short  duration,  however,  Mrs.  Crease)'  dying  May  5,  of 
the  following  year.  Mr.  Creasey  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M., 
and  also  a  member  of  the  Grange.  He  is  a  thorough  business  man  pos- 
sessing the  confidence  of  all  who  have  business  relations  with  him. 

G.  W.  PARKER. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Barren  county,  Ky.,  born  in 
1835.  His  early  life  was  passed  there,  receiving  in  the  meantime  as  lib- 
eral an  education  as  an  attendance  in  the  common  schools  of  that  day  would 
admit.  In  1853,  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Lafayette 
county,  where  he  now  resides.  Four  years  of  his  life  was  spent  traveling 
in  the  west.  Enlisted  in  1861,  in  Col.  Elliott's  regiment,  in  which 
he  served  three  months.  Was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  In 
the  fall  of  1861,  he  started  south,  and  was  captured  near  Springfield,  Mo., 
and  was  held  prisoner  for  thirty  days,  when  he  was  paroled.  In  1867,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Anna  Tickle,  of  Lafayette  county.  They 
became  parents  of  four  children,  viz:  Eva,  Fannie,  Flora  and  George  W.; 
all  now  living.  Mr.  Parker  is  the  son  of  John  and  Ann  E.  Parker,  who 
moved  from  Virginia  to  Kentucky,  in  an  early  day.  His  father  served 
in  the  war  of  1812.     Mr.  Parker's  post  office  address  is  Odessa. 

PASCHAL  A.  GIBBS. 

Mr.  Gibbs,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Lafayette  county,  is  a  native 
of  Bradford  county,  Virginia;  born  Nov.  21,  1807.  Was  there  reared  and 
educated.  In  1837,  he  moved  to  Missouri,  and  located  on  a  farm  near 
Odessa,  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  culti- 
vating a  fine  farm,  also  paying  considerable  attention  to  stock  raising. 
He  was  married,  December  12,  1833,  to  Miss  Cassie  A.  Creasey,  a  native 
of  Virginia.  They  have  two  children,  both  living,  viz:  Thomas  G.  and 
Mrs.  Susanna  B.  Elliott.  Is  a  member  of  the  State  Grange,  and  also  of 
the  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Gibbs  came  to  Missouri  in  company  with  his 
father-in-law,  Thomas  B.  Creasey,  who  died  in  1843.  Mrs.  Gibbs  died, 
February  18,  1877.      The  father  of  Mr.  Gibbs  served  in  the  war  of  1812. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  491 

J.  K.  ADAMS, 

farmer.  P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of  Percival  and  Elizabeth  Adams,  was  born 
in  Franklin  county,  Ohio,  February  22,  1816.  His  father  moved  from 
Pennsylvania  to  Ohio  in  1805.  The  early  life  of  Mr.  Adams  was  spent 
on  a  tarm  and  in  fact,  during  the  greater  part  of  his  life  has  been  engaged 
in  same  occupation.  In  1842,  April  27,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  J. 
Havens,  of  Franklin  county,  Ohio.  They  have  three  children:  Frank 
G.,  Mrs.  Annis  F.  Baldwin,  and  Richard  H.  He  came  to  Odessa  in  1879, 
and  for  a  while  was  engaged  in  the  grain  business.  Mr.  Adams  is  a 
veteran  of  the  Mexican  war,  having  served  in  the  capacity  of  lieutenant  of 
a  company  of  cavalry.  His  father  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812. 
Mr.  Adams  and  his  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
(O.  S.) 

JOHN  KIRKPATRICK, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Odessa.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Jefferson 
count}',  Tennessee,  December  23,  1816.  He  is  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Isa- 
bel Kirkpatrick,  who  lived  and  died  in  Tennessee.  In  1841,  he  came  to 
Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  in  Clay  township,  near  where  the  city 
of  Odessa  now  stands.  He  has  been  a  farmer  nearly  all  of  his  life.  Sep- 
tember 13,  1841,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  a  very  estimable  lady,  by 
whom  he  has  six  children.  April  10,  1862,  the  family  were  called  upon 
lo  mourn  the  loss  of  wife  and  mother.  May  25, 1865,  Mr.  Kirkpatrick  was 
again  married,  leading  to  the  altar  Miss  Sarah  E.  Phillips,  of  Ray  county. 
By  this  marriage  he  has  three  children.  In  the  same  year  1865,  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  circuit,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  two  years, 
in  a  manner  satisfactory  to  all.  His  father  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
Indian  wars. 

JOHN  W.  McBURNEY, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Odessa,  is  a  native  of  Guernsey  county,  Ohio;  born  in  1843. 
His  boyhood  was  spent  in  Illinois.  At  the  age  of  13  his  parents  moved  to 
Iowa,  where  they  remained  until  1865,  when  they  came  to  Missouri,  and 
settled  in  this  county  on  a  farm.  September  4,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the 
U.  S.  army,  3d  Iowa  Cavalry.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Kirksville,  Moose's 
Mill,  Helena,  Cape  Girardeau,  Jackson,  Whitewater,  Little  Rock,  Gun- 
town,  Tupelo,  Independence,  and  Newtonia.  Was  honorably  discharged 
July  26,  1865.  In  1873,  January  3d,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Laura  McNeal,  of  this  county.  They  have  three  children,  Bertha  L., 
Margaret,  I.,  and  Nanie  W.  Mr.  McBurney  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
and  A.  M.,  and  also  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  (O.  S).  Mr.  B.  devotes 
considerable  of  his  time  and  attention  to  the  breeding  of  Norman  horses, 


492  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

in  which  laudable  enterprise  he  should  have  the  co-operation  of  all  who 
desire  to  see  improvement  in  the  stock  of  the  county. 

C.  W.  LONG, 

breeder  of  Norman  horses,  P.  O.  Odessa,  is  a  native  of  Garrard  county, 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  Has  been  engaged  in 
farming  and  handling  thoroughbred  horses  all  his  life.  Began  breeding 
Norman  stock  in  McClain  county,  Illinois.  In  1878  he  came  to  Odessa, 
where  he  has  followed  the  same  business  ever  since.  He  now  has  a  five- 
year-old,  iron  gray,  named  Tacheau,  bred  in  McClain  county,  Illinois, 
sired  by  imported  Prince  Napoleon,  dam,  Old  Isabel,  an  imported  mare. 
He  also  has  a  three-year-old  horse,  sired  same  as  other,  dam,  Isabel  2d. 
Mr.  Long,  by  his  enterprise  in  this  line,  has  done  much  toward  the 
improvement  of  the  stock  in  this  community,  and  deserves  the  commenda- 
tion of  all  who  delight  in  fine  stock.  He  has  taken  premiums  on  his  five- 
year-old  at  Indianapolis,  Chicago,  Farmer's  City,  Illinois,  Springfield, 
Illinois,  Kansas  City,  Lexington.  Mr.  L.  was  married  in  1865,  to  Miss  M. 
J.  Pollard,  of  McClain  county,  Illinois.  They  have  four  children :  Leo, 
Florence,  Clara,  and  Frank  Roy.  He  is  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and 
also  of  the  Christian  church. 

J.  H.  BUMGARNER, 

blacksmith,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county,  born  in 
1855.  His  father,  A.  J.  Bumgarner,  was  a  blacksmith  and  came  from 
Virginia  to  this  county  in  1850.  J.  H.  learned  his  trade  of  his  father  and 
spent  the  greater  portion  of  his  life,  up  to  1879,  at  Green  ton,  engaged  in 
its  prosecution.  In  1877  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Fannie 
Emison,  of  this  county.  Two  children  were  born  to  them :  Claude  and 
Annette.  In  1879  Mr.  B.  came  to  Odessa  and  entered  the  firm  of  Bum- 
garner  &  Ryland,  as  senior  member.  They  are  the  leading  blacksmiths 
of  the  town  and  have  a  large  trade,  from  the  surrounding  country.  Mr. 
B.  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  and  esteemed  and  respected  by 
all. 

A.  C.  TRACY, 

trader  and  grain-dealer,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Is  a  native  of  Montgomery  county, 
Ky.  When  quite  young  he  came  to  Missouri  with  his  parents  and  settled 
in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  the 
time  spent  in  the  army,  engaged  in  farming  and  trading.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service — Col.  Gordon's  regiment,  Shelby's 
brigade.  Was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Westport,  Mine  Creek, 
Newtonia,  Springfield  and  several  other  skirmishes,  some  of  which  were 
quite  severe.      April  1st,  1865,  he  was  taken  prisoner  and  paroled  after 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  493 

being  detained  for  30  days.  In  December,  1867,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  Gibbs,  of  this  county.  Their  union  is  blessed  with  four  children,  as 
follows:  Robert,  Carrie,  Kemuel  and  Bertha.  In  June,  1878,  the  family 
circle  was  broken  by  the  death  of  the  wife  and  mother,  leaving  a  sorrow- 
ing family  to  mourn  her  loss.  Mr.  Tracy  came  to  Odessa  in  1879,  and 
engaged  in  his  present  occupation.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Regular  Baptist 
church.  He  has  an  irreproachable  record  as  a  soldier  and  stands  high  in 
the  esteem  of  the  community  in  which  he  resides. 

H.  B.  TUNSTALL, 

dry  goods,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Born  in  Gallatin  county,  Ky.,  in  1849.  At 
the  age  of  15  he  came  to  this  state  and  county,  and  engaged  as  salesman 
in  a  dry  goods  store  in  Lexington,  where  he  remained  for  18  months.  He 
then  went  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  until  the  year  1866;  when  he  moved 
to  Wellington,  and  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business,  which  he  followed 
there  until  1879.  He  then  came  back  to  this  county,  and  located  in  Odessa, 
where  he  is  doing  a  good  business.  In  1875,  March  5th,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  M.  L.  Ferrell,  of  this  county.  They  have  three  children:  Katie, 
Sophia  and  George.  Mr.  Tunstall  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and 
also  of  the  C.  P.  church.  His  parents,  J.  V.  and  Z.  Tunstall,  were  born 
and  bred  in  Kentucky.  His  mother  died  in  her  native  state  and  his 
father  came  to  Missouri  in  1850. 

L.  C.  NICHOLS, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Born  in  Georgetown,  Scott  county, 
Ky.,  May  21st,  1844.  Was  educated  at  Georgetown  College,  and  also  at 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  Philadelphia,  of  which  latter  institution  he  is 
a  graduate.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service,  in  the  13th 
Virginia.  He  shortly  afterwards  re-enlisted  in  the  2d  Infantry,  Ky.  He 
took  part  in  the  following  engagements,  in  all  of  which  he  conducted  him- 
self as  a  brave  soldier  and  an  honorable  gentleman:  Bulls  Run,  Fort 
Donelson,  Murfreesborough,  Chicamauga,  Corinth,  First  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  Baton  Rouge,  Jackson.  Franklin  and  Nashville.  He  surrendered 
near  Petersburg,  Va.  In  1868  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Sparta,  Owen  County,  K}\,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  In  1869 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Lulu  Garnett,  of  Kentucky,  who  died 
1879,  leaving  two  children  with  him  to  mourn  her  loss.  They  are  named 
as  follows:  Harry  Garnett  and  Benjamin  Garnett.  From  Owen  county 
the  Dr.  went  to  Shelby  county,  where  he  practiced  for  a  year,  and  then 
moved  to  Missouri,  locating  at  Mt.  Hope,  this  county.  Here  he  lived 
until  the  year  1878,  at  which  time  he  went  to  Odessa,  where  he  is  now 
associated  with  Dr.  Fewel,  enjoying  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.      Dr. 


494  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Nichols  received  seven  severe  wounds  while  in  the  army,  in  which  he 
served  as  private  until  the  last  year  of  the  war  when  he  was  promoted,  for 
gallant  conduct,  to  the  post  of  1st  Lieut,  of  the  2d  Kentucky  Battery. 
Was  twice  taken  prisoner  and  held  at  Camp  Morton  and  Johnson's  Island. 
He  has  a  good  record  as  a  soldier  and  is  a  rising  man  in  his  profession. 

ROWLAND  S.  HUGHES, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.,  Odessa.  Dr.  Hughes  is  a  native  of  this 
state  and  county;  born  Nov.  29,  1840.  He  is  the  son  of  James  H.  and 
Matilda  Hughes,  who  came  from  Logan  county,  Kentucky,  to  this  county 
in  1820.  The  Dr's  early  life  was  passed  under  the  parental  roof.  In 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  Graves'  regiment,  in  which  he 
served  for  six  months.  He  then  re-enlisted  in  company  I,  Shelby's  brig- 
ade, 1st  Missouri  cavalry.  While  with  this  command  he  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Wilson's  Creek,  Carthage,  Lexington,  Prairie  Grove,  and 
other  skirmishes  too  numerous  to  mention.  In  July,  1864,  he  was  taken 
prisoner  and  incarcerated  in  Camp  Morton  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  married  July  13,  1869,  to  Miss  Mary  Solleder,  of  Platte  county,  Mo., 
by  whom  he  has  two  children:  Winnifred  Tracy  and  Josie.  In  1872,  he 
graduated  from  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati,  and  entered 
immediately  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  for  which  he  is  eminently 
fitted.  He  traveled  for  a  year  or  two,  seeking  a  good  location,  practicing 
in  various  places  for  short  periods,  finally  settling  in  Greenton,  this  county; 
became  associated  with  Dr.  M.  M.  Robinson,  with  whom  he  remained 
until  the  spring  of  1881,  when  he  located  in  Odessa.  Although  having 
been  there  but  a  comparatively  short  time,  he  has  succeeded  in  ingratia- 
ting himself  into  the  good  graces  of  the  citizens  of  the  city  and  surround- 
ing country,  and  already  has  a  good  practice,  which  bids  fare  to  increase 
largely  in  the  future.     Dr.  Hughes  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

J.  W.  PRINCE, 

firm  of  Prince  &  Wilkening,  hardware,  Odessa.  Was  born  in  Boone 
county,  Mo.,  Feb.  5,  1848.  At  an  early  age  he  went  with  his  mother  (his 
father  being  deceased,)  to  Johnson  county,  Mo.,  and  settled  in  Knob  Noster. 
He  was  married,  March  30,  1870,  to  Miss  Alice  Ridgeway,  of  Boone  Co. 
By  this  union  he  has  one  child:  Allie  B.  In  1871,  he  went  to  Aullville 
and  engaged  in  the  hardware  trade,  where  he  remained  until  September, 
1880,  when  he  moved  to  Odessa  and  formed  a  co-partnership  with  Mr. 
Wilkening  in  the  same  business.  His  first  wife  dying  in  1873,  he  was 
again  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Josie  B.  Downing,  of  this  county.  The 
nuptials  were  celebrated,  Sept.  20,  1875.  Mr.  Prince  is  a  man  of  integ- 
rity and  business  tact,  and  the  firm  of  which  he  is  a  member,  receives  its 
full  share  of  the  public  patronage. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  495 

JOHN  C.  COBB, 

president  of  Bank  of  Odessa,  P.  O.,  Odessa.  The  subject  of  the  follow- 
ing is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county;  born  March  18,  1843.  Is  the  son 
of  A.  F.  and  Louisa  Cobb,  who  came  to  this  county  in  1839.  His  early  life 
was  spent  on  his  father's  farm,  where  he  lived  until  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war.  In  1868  he  was  married  to  Miss  Louisa  Hobson,  of  Jackson,  by 
whom  he  has  two  children:  Dora  Lou,  and  Harry  C.  In  1879,  he  came 
to  Odessa  and  embarked  in  the  grain  trade,  which  he  is  still  following  in 
connection  with  his  banking  business.  Mr.  Cobb  is  a  man  of  strict  integ- 
rity and  close  application  to  business;  honorable  in  his  dealings  with  his 
fellow-men.  Is  a  leading  member  of  the  C.  P.  church,  of  which  he  is  a 
deacon. 

WILLIAM  FLETCHER, 

lumber  dealer,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of  John  and  Ellen  Fletcher;  was  born 
in  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  in  1813.  His  parents  came  to  Missouri  in 
1829,  and  settled  first  in  Pike  county,  where  they  resided  until  1835,  when 
they  went  to  Henry  county.  In  1837  William  came  to  this  county  and 
settled  about  two  miles  east  of  Dover,  where  he  and  his  brother,  George, 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  hemp  rope  and  bagging.  In  1845  they 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  their  establishment  and  contents  by  fire.  Wil- 
liam then  went  to  Waverly  and  engaged  in  farming  and  milling.  In  the 
fall  of  1879  he  came  to  Odessa  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  which 
has  since  occupied  his  attention,  and  in  which,  by  industry  and  enterprise, 
he  has  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  lucrative  patronage.  In  1832  he  was 
married  to  Rachel  Burroughs,  of  Pike  county,  by  whom  he  has  three 
children:  Sarah,  (Mrs.  Warren)  Fannie,  (Mrs.  McCord)  and  George. 
Mr.  Fletcher  is  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the  town;  enterprising 
and  energetic,  possessing  qualities  which  render  him  an  invaluable  citizen 
of  any  community.  He  has  been  identified  with  the  interests  of  the 
county  for  nearly  half  a  century.  Owns  quite  a  large  property  in  the 
county. 

M.  G.  WOOD, 

firm  of  M.  G.  Wood  &  Co.,  general  merchandise,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of 
Isaac  and  Mary  Wood;  was  born  Dec.  26,  1847,  in  this  State  and  county; 
was  raised  and  educated  in  the  county  of  his  birth.  Up  to  the  year  1873 
he  was  engaged  in  farming.  In  that  year  he  began  merchandising,  as 
salesman  at  Chapel  Hill.  In  September,  1880,  he  came  to  Odessa,  and 
established  the  firm  of  which  he  is  now  the  principal  member.  He  is  a 
young  man  of  talent  and  good  management;  qualities  which  have  attracted 
quite  a  liberal  share  of  the  public  patronage.     Was  married  September  3, 


496  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNT  Y. 

1873,  to  Miss  Nannie  E.  Moore,  of  Lafayette  county.  They  have  three 
children:  Fannie,  Ernest  H.,  and  Mary  A.  Mr.  Wood  is  a  member,  in 
good  standing,  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  of  the  C.  P.  church. 

DAVID  C.  BAGGARLY,  Jr., 

firm  of  Varner  &  Baggarly,  milling  and  wool-carding,  P.  O.  Odessa. 
Born  January  30,  1830,  in  Fauquier  county,  Virginia.  Is  the  son  of 
David  C.  and  Catharine  R.  Baggarly.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  his 
native  county,  where  he  was  educated,  and  learned  the  trade  of  milling. 
At  the  earlv  age  of  twenty-three,  he  took  charge  of  a  mill,  in  which  capa- 
city he  has  been  engaged  ever  since.  In  1867,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  S.  E.  Varner,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  five  children,  all 
living:  Blanche,  Herbert,  Claude,  Catharine,  and  Eugene.  In  1873,  he 
migrated  to  this  state  and  county,  and  settled  at  Greenton.  He  moved 
from  there  to  Odessa,  in  1879,  where  he,  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Varner, 
now  owns  and  operates  a  mill  and  wool-carding  factory.  Mr.  B.  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Lodge,  esteemed  by  all  of  his  associates. 

W.  P.  JOHNSON, 

dentist,  P.  O.,  Odessa.  Is  a  native  of  Wheeling,  West  Virginia;  was 
born  March  1,  1845.  Was  educated  at  Wheeling.  October  1,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  Sixth  West  Virginia  infantry,  of  C.  S.  A.,  under  Col.  Wil- 
kerson.  He  enlisted  as  private,  and  when  mustered  out,  June  10,  1865, 
bore  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  Engaged  in  the  battles  of  Laurel  Hill, 
Winchester,  Woodstock,  Bulltown,  and  Rumney.  He  began  the  practice 
of  dentistry,  at  Columbus,  Indiana,  in  1870.  He  remained  here  for  six 
years,  and  then  went  to  Olney,  Illinois,  where  he  resided  for  one  year; 
going  from  there  to  Holder),  Missouri,  continuing  his  practice.  In  1878, 
he  came  to  Odessa,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  a  lucrative 
practice  of  his  profession.  October  14,  1880,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Anna  Varner,  of  this  county,  a  very  intelligent  and  estimable  lady. 
Dr.  Johnson  is  a  member  of  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  a  whole-souled, 
genial  gentleman. 

M.  M.  ROBINSON,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Robinson,  a  prominent  physician  and  farmer  of  Lafayette  county,  is 
a  native  of  Harrison  county,  Kentucky,  and  was  born  July  5,  1824.  He 
came  to  Missouri  in  1834,  with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  Boone  county  ^ 
Obtained  his  education  at  the  State  University,  at  Columbia,  and  also 
graduated  from  (he  medical  department  of  the  Transylvania  University.^ 
In  1848,  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  engaged 
in  farming  and  practicing  medicine.  April  27,  1848,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Bates,  of  Lafayette  county,  by  whom  he  has 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  497 

had  nine  children,  four  now  living.  His  wife  died  in  1863,  and  during  the 
following  year  he  led  Miss  Mattie  A.  V.  Gibbs,  to  the  marriage  altar.  By 
this  marriage  they  have  eight  children.  The  doctor  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  South.  Post-office  Green- 
ton. 

A.  W.  STEVENS. 

Mr.  Stevens  was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Virginia,  where  he  was  raised 
and  educated.  In  1868,  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Lafayette 
county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming,  until  1879  (with  the  exception 
of  the  time  spent  in  the  army),  when  he  moved  to  Odessa.  In  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  under  "Stonewall"  Jackson.  Served 
through  the  entire  war.  Was  wounded  three  times,  and  taken  prisoner 
once.  Was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Richmond,  Wilderness,  Chancel- 
lorsville,  Harper's  Ferry,  Winchester,  Sharpsburg,  and  Gettysburg. 
Was  with  Gen.  Lee  when  he  surrendered.  Mr.  Stevens  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  town  board  of  Odessa,  in  April,  1880.  In  1873,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Carrie  Gibbs,  of  Lafayette  county.  Two  children  were 
born  to  them,  viz:  Wade  and  Lena.  Mr.  S.  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church.     Post-office,  Odessa. 

ELDER  W.  R.  CUNNINGHAM, 
P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri;  is  a  native  of  the  famous  Blue  Grass  Region, 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  born  April  14,  1834,  in  Bourbon  county,  and 
where  his  father  was  a  prominent  grazier.  At  an  early  age  he  developed 
a  taste  for  study,  and  determined  to  prepare  himself  for  the  legal  profes- 
sion. In  1857  he  was  appointed  assistant  U.  S.  collector,  at  Olympia, 
Washington  Territory,  under  Hon.  S.  Garfield.  Under  Mr.  Garfield's 
guidance  he  continued  to  pursue  his  legal  studies.  In  1858  he  resigned 
his  position  and  entered  Bethany  college,  where  he  became  at  once  prom- 
inent as  a  debater  in  the  college  literary  societies,  and  himself  organized 
the  Delta  tan  Delta,  a  Greek  literary  society.  In  December,  1860,  he 
left  college  and  began  teaching.  In  1861,  when  the  Provisional  govern- 
ment of  Kentucky  was  established  by  the  confederate  army,  he  was 
appointed  under  Gov.  Johnston,  revenue  commissioner  of  the  state.  He 
was  twice  wounded,  and  captured  at  Buffington  Island  July,  1863,  and 
held  as  prisoner  at  Columbus,  Ohio  and  Fort  Delaware,  until  April,  1864. 
January  4,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Rebecca  W.  James,  daughter  of 
Judge  Geo.  James,  of  Zanesville,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  three  children 
living:  Alice,  William  R.,  and  Lillie  C.  His  wife  is  a  descendant  of  the 
Abbotts,  of  Newburyport,  Massachusetts.  Her  sister  married  John,  son 
of  Geo.  Bancroft,  the  famous  historian.  From  1S64  to  1870,  he  was 
engaged  in  farming  in  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  and  in  May,  1870,  he 
entered  the  Christian  ministry,  in  which  he  is  now  engaged. 


498  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

THEODORE   BATES, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri;  was  born  in  Lauscha,  by  Coburg,  Sax  Mein- 
ingen,  Germany,  July  9, 18 14,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated,  and  first 
married  in  1836.  Soon  after  his  marriage,  May,  1836,  he  came  to  this 
country,  landing  in  Philadelphia.  His  wife  died  the  next  year,  1837.  He 
spent  several  years  in  New  Jersey,  and  then  moved  to  Missouri,  settling 
in  Gasconade  county,  where  he  opened  a  woodyard  on  island  No.  61,  and 
continued  until  1851,  farming,  trading,  and  furnishing  wood  to  the  steam- 
boats on  the  Missouri  river.  He  then  moved  to  Franklin  county,  and 
then  in  1867  moved  to  this  county,  bringing  with  him  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  which  he  had  made  since  he  reached  this  country.  He 
settled  in  Clay  township  on  a  fine  farm,  and  began  the  raising  and  hand- 
ling of  thoroughbred  Short  Horn  cattle.  December  31,  1840,  he  was 
married  the  second  time,  to  Mrs.  Nancy  Matthews,  of  Warren  county, 
Missouri,  by  whom  he  has  eight  children.  Besides  several  hundred  acres 
given  his  married  children,  he  has  now  1000  acres  in  his  home  farm,  and 
is  a  clear-headed,  public  spirited,  and  sagacious  citizen. 

CHARLES  R.  SHAWHAN, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri,  was  born  in  1829,  in  Bourbon  county,  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  was  raised  and  educated,  and  where  he  resided  until 
1865,  when  he  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Jackson  county.  He 
farmed  in  Jackson  until  1871,  and  then  purchased  the  farm  of  260  acres  in 
this  county,  upon  which  he  has  since  resided.  In  1862  he  enlisted  under 
Gen.  Morgan,  in  the  C.  S.  A.  He  was  wounded  near  Burksville,  and  was 
at  the  battle  of  Hartville,  Tennessee,  and  was  with  Morgan  in  his  raid 
through  Kentucky,  Indiana,  and  Ohio.  Discharged  in  June,  1863,  on 
account  of  wound.  He  has  lost  three  wives.  He  married  his  present 
wife,  Miss  Lucy  Ann  Williams,  of  Jackson  county,  Missouri,  February  9, 
1869,  by  whom  he  has  one  child  living,  Julia  F.;  is  a  member  of  Christian 
church. 

DAVID  R.  MITCHELL, 

P.  O.  Bates  Cit}T,  Missouri;  was  born  and  raised  in  Mason  county,  Ken- 
tucky. In  1858,  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  this  county.  In  185£ 
he  went  west,  and  remained  until  1865,  then  returned,  and  has  resided  in 
this  county  ever  since.  He  engaged  in  farming  until  1879,  when  he  moved 
to  Bates  City,  and  engaged  in  hotel  keeping,  where  he  now  is.  In  1861, 
while  in  Colorado,  he  enlisted  in  Capt.  Keith's  Company,  C.  S.  A.,  was 
taken  prisoner  in  1862,  and  held  to  the  end  of  the  war.  In  1864  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Sue  McCormack,  of  this  county. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  499 

WESLEY  H.  ZINK, 

Post  Office  Bates  City,  was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Penn.,  coming  with 
his  parents  when  quite  young  to  Illinois,  where  he  lived  until  1866.  He 
then  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Johnson  county  and  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising. From  Johnson  county  he  moved  to  Pettis  county,  where  he 
engaged  in  milling  at  Houstonia.  ■  From  there  in  August,  1879,  he 
moved  to  Bates  City,  in  this  county,  and  engaged  in  the  milling  business 
under  the  firm  of  Zink  &  Brown.  In  1880  Brown  retired  and  the  firm 
became  the  Bates  City  Milling  Company.  Mr.  Zink  was  married  to  Miss 
Payne  Lilly,  of  Indiana,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children — three  of 
whom  are  living — James  L.,  Louie  and  Edward.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  His  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  south.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  57th  Illi- 
nois under  Gen.  Sherman  and  was  in  his  famous  march  to  the  sea,  and 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Corinth  and 
many  others,  was   wounded,  at  Shiloh,  where  he  lost  a  brother. 

W.  A.  JACKSON, 

Post  Office  Bates  City,  Mo.,  is  a  native  Missourian  of  the  firm  of  C.  R. 
Jackson  &  Son,  and  was  born  in  this  county.  When  quite  young  he  went 
with  his  parents,  C.  "R.  and  Caroline  Jackson,  to  Ray  county  where  he  was 
raised  and  educated.  In  1880  he  came  to  Bates  City,  in  this  county,  and 
engaged  in  merchandising.  His  father  moved  to  Texas  and  remained 
there  eighteen  months  and  then  moved  to  Kansas  City,  where  their  house, 
C.  R.  Jackson  &  son,  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Third  streets. 
They  also  have  a  house  in  Camden,  Mo.,  under  the  management  of  A.  J. 
Jackson.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  charge  of  the  house  in  Bates 
City. 

J.  A.  HAVENNER, 

Post  Office,  Bates  City,  Mo.  Was  born  in  St.  Louis  county,  Mo.,  and 
there  raised  and  educated.  In  1873  he  came  to  this  county  and  engaged 
in  farming  until  1879,  when  he  moved  to  Bates  City  and  entered  into  the 
drug  business  under  the  firm  style  of  Smirl  &  Havenner.  Oct.  5,  1870, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza  J.  Smirl,  of  Montgomery  county,  Missouri, 
by  whom  he  has  six  children.     He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

DR.  M.  W.  FLOURNOY, 

Post  Office  Bates  City,  Mo.,  was  born  and  raised  in  this  county  and  edu- 
cated at  William  Jewell  college,  Liberty,  Mo.  In  1877  he  graduated  at 
the  St.  Louis  Medical  College,  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  this 
county.  In  1879  he  moved  to  Bates  City,  where  he  is  now  located  and 
where  he  has  a  large  practice.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church, 


500  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

also  of  A.F.  and  A.  M.  He  is  the  son  of  Gideon  and  Sallie  Flournoy  {nee 
Owens)  who  came  from  Kentucky  to  this  county  in  1837.  They  were 
married  in  this  county  in  1840. 

RICHARD  H.  BENTON, 

Post  Office  Greenton,  Mo.,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  about  1842,  and 
at  the  age  of  eleven,  1853,  came  with  his  parents  to  this  county,  and  set- 
tled in  Clay  township,  and  he  now  resides  on  the  farm  upon  which  his 
father  lived  before  him.  His  father  died  in  1873  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
five — he  was  born  and  raised  in  Scott  county,  Ky.  Richard  Benton  was 
married  Nov,  5,  1874  to  Miss  Alice  Johnson,  of  this  county — and  by  this 
union  has  three  children  living — Carlton,  Hattie  and  Brenda.  In  1861  he 
joined  Capt.  Elliott's  company  in  the  M.  S.  G.,  state  service,  for  six 
months,  and  then  enlisted  under  Shelby,  C.  S.  A.  Was  taken  prisoner 
near  Brownsville,  Ark.,  and  held  21  months,  was  exchanged  and  returned 
to  his  command;  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Lexington,  Lone 
Jack — where  he  was  wounded — Springfield.  Mr.  Benton  is  a  member  of 
the  Christian  church. 

JOSEPH  H.  CHRISTY, 

Post  Office  Greenton,  Mo.,  is  the  son  of  Bainbridge  and  Dulcina  Christy, 
and  was  born  in  this  county,  Oct.  18,  1839.  He  was  raised  and  educated 
in  this  county  and  has  lived  here  all  his  life.  His  parents  were  from  Ken- 
tucky and  came  to  this  county  in  1837.  He  has  been  occupied  in  farming 
and  stock-raising,  and  has  a  fine  farm  of  440  acres  in  the  Greenton  Valley. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Martha  Stapp,  Oct.  24,  1866 — granddaughter  of 
Allen  Jennings,  who  came  to  this  county  at  an  early  day.  They  have  four 
children  living — Elnora,  Alma  S.,  Lucy  H.  and  Joseph  Gilbert.  In  Aug- 
ust 1861  he  enlisted  in  Capt.  Keith's  company,  M.  S.  G.  and  was  wounded 
at  the  siege  of  Lexington,  Mo.,  which  disabled  him  for  a  year.  He  then 
went  south  and  enlisted  in  Bullard's  company,  Gordon's  regiment,  Shel- 
by's command,  C.  S,  A.,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Cape  Gi- 
rardeau, Helena,  Bayou  Metre,  Little  Rock,  Mark's  Mills,  Poison  Springs, 
Newtonia  three  times,  Westport,  etc. — surrendered  June  12,  1865  at 
Shreveport.  He  is  a  deacon  in  the  C.  P.  church,  and  also  a  member  of 
the  Grange. 

W.  Y.  C.  CAMPBELL, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri,  is  a  native  of  this  county,  where  he  was  born 
February  19,  1832;  he  was  also  raised  and  educated  in  this  county,  and 
has  lived  here  all  his  life,  engaged  in  farming.  November  4, 1858,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Martha  Gleaves,  of  this  county,  and  by  this  union  has 
nine  children  living.     He  is  the  son  of  Henry  and  Nancy  Campbell,  who 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  501 

moved  from  Kentucky  to  this  county  in  1820,  and  settled  in  Clay  town- 
ship. His  father  raised  a  family  of  twelve  children,  in  this  county,  and 
died  April  6,  1874,  at  a  very  advanced  age. 

FRANCIS  T.  THORP, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Missouri.  Was  bord  in  Bedford  county,  Virginia,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1806,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  He  moved  to  this 
county  in  1808,  and  settled  in  Clay  township,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided,  engaged  in  farming.  He  was  married  February  2, 1802,  to  Miss 
Zerinda  G.  Price,  of  Bedford  county,  Virginia.  She  died  August  8,  1854, 
leaving  three  living  children:  Mrs.  Susan  E.  Beazley,  Mrs.  Sophia  R. 
Kincaid,  and  James  A.  B.  He  has  a  splendid  farm  of  200  acres  in  the 
Greenton  valley,  which  is  well  improved.  His  father  was  a  soldier  of  the 
war  of  1812. 

WM.  S.  THORPE, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Missouri,  was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Virginia,  Septem- 
ber 14,  1814,  and  was  there  raised  and  educated.  In  1856,  he  moved  to 
this  county,  and  settled  in  Clay  township,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided, 
and  pursued  the  avocation  of  a  farmer.  On  the  19th  of  December,  1809, 
he  married  Miss  Mary  C.  Johnson,  of  Murray  county,  Tennessee,  by 
whom  he  has  two  living  children,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Ingram  and  E.  Theodore. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church  South,  for  over  forty 
years.     He  is  also  a  Mason. 

JAMES  H.  HANNAH, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Missouri;  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Virginia,  and 
there  raised  and  educated.  In  1855  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
Saline  county,  where  he  lived  several  years.  During  the  war  he  moved 
to  this  county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  engaged  in  farming.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  the  southern  army,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Coon's  Creek, 
and  in  all  the  battles  of  Price's  retreat  from  the  state,  and  captured  near 
Cane  Hill,  and  kept  prisoner  a  short  time.  Surrendered  at  Shreveport. 
He  was  married  June  0,  1858,  to  Miss  Julia  Garnhart,  of  this  county,  by 
which  marriage  he  has  seven  children  living.  He  is  a  ruling  elder  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  church.  His  father  died  when  he  was  only  five 
years  old,  and  being  the  eldest  of  the  sons,  has  had  the  care  of  his  mother, 
principally,  who  is  still  living. 

JAMES  J.   GARVIN, 

P.  O.  Bates  City.  Was  born  in  New  York  City.  When  quite  young, 
his  parents  moved  to  Baltimore,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  At 
the  age  of  nineteen  he  went  to  Virginia,  and  stayed  there  until  1852,  when 


502  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

he  moved  to  his  county,  and  has  lived  here  ever  since,  carpentering  and 
farming.  March  9,  1851,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Capper,  of  Fred- 
erick County,  Va.,  by  whom  he  has  had  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  living — Theodore  W.,  Robinson  M.,  Sarah  J.,  Edgar  L.,  Elizabeth  A., 
Florence,  Hattie  A.,  and  Michael  H.  Mr.  Garvin  is  a  member  of  the  C. 
P.  church.  His  father  came  to  this  county  in  1849,  and  continued  here 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  near  Greenton. 

J.  A.  LAUGHLIN, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Iowa,  where  he  was 
raised  and  educated,  until  1866 ;  he  then  moved  to  this  county,  where  he 
has  since  lived  and  farmed.  He  was  married  in  the  fall  of  1868  to  Miss 
Laura  Thorp,  of  Iowa,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children,  four  of  whom 
are  living — Claude,  Blanche,  Alva,  and  one  not  yet  named.  He  is  the  son 
of  Jonathan  and  Flora  Laughlin,  who  were  natives  of  Tennessee.  They 
came  to  this  county  in  1866,  and  remained  here  until  Mr.  Laughlin  died. 
Mrs.  Laughlin  is  still  living. 

SAMUEL  NULL, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Mo.  Mr.  Null  was  born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  where  he 
was  reared,  educated,  and  resided  until  1866,  when  he  came  to  this  county, 
and  has  lived  here  since,  engaged  in  farming.  For  several  years  past,  he 
has  retired,  and  his  two  sons,  Oliver  and  Ephraim,  have  had  charge  of 
the  farm.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Hess,  of  Maryland,  by  whom  he  has 
had  eleven  children,  eight  of  them  living.  His  wife  died  in  March,  1880. 
He  has  a  fine  farm  of  360  acres  in  the  Greenton  Valley.  Oliver  C.  Null 
was  married  October  9,  1879,  to  Miss  EmmaKreutz,  of  this  county.  She 
died  April  15,  1881. 

HENRY  A.  CAMPBELL, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Mo.  Is  a  native  Missourian,  and  was  born  in  this  county 
in  1826.  He  has  lived  and  farmed  in  this  county  all  his  life.  He  is  a  son 
of  Henry  and  Nancy  Campbell,  who  came  to  this  county  from  Logan 
County,  Ky.,  in  the  fall  of  1823,  and  settled  in  Clay  township,  where  he 
lived  until  his  death,  May  3,  1873,  at  an  advanced  age.  He  had  accumu- 
lated a  large  estate — having  continued  to  enter  land  for  several  years  after 
he  came  to  the  county.  In  1844  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret  Car- 
lyle,  of ,  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  seven  children  living.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  C.  P.  church.  He  served  5  months  in  the  Southern  army,  but 
had  to  discontinue  the  service  on  account  of  sickness. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  503 

CHARLES  N.  BEALE, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Pocahontas  County,  now  West  Vir- 
ginia, in  1832.  In  1843  he  came  with  his  parents  to  this  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided, engaged  in  farming.  He  owns  a  fine  body  of  land;  and 
before  the  war,  was  one  of  the  largest  hemp  growers  in  the  county.  In 
1870  he  was  married  to  Miss  Jennie  Lee,  of  this  county,  and  by  that  union 
has  one  child  living — Arthur  Lee.  He  joined  the  Southern  army,  and 
served  two  months,  when  he  had  to  abandon  the  service  on  account  of  ill 
health.  His  father,  a  native  of  Virginia,  died  in  this  county  in  December, 
1878,  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven. 

JUDGE  WALKER  R.  TEBBS, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Mason  County,  Ky.,  in  1818,  and  was 
there  raised  and  educated.  In  1843  he  moved  to  this  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  pursuing  his  vocation  of  farming.  He  is  the  son  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  Tebbs,  who  moved  from  Kentucky  to  this  county  in 
1844.  In  1842  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Chinn,  of  Kentucky,  by 
whom  he  has  three  children  living — Thomas  C,  Anna  R.,  and  John  J. 
His  wife  died  in  August,  1858.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  county  judge 
by  Gov.  Gamble,  and  in  1871  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Brown  to  the  same 
office,  to  fill  an  unexpired  term.  His  father  served  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  his  maternal  grandfather  was  a  revolutionary  soldier.  Both  his  father 
and  himself  were  among  the  leading  hemp-growers  of  this  county  before 
the  war,  owning  a  large  number  of  slaves.  His  father  was  born  in  1789, 
and  died  October,  1878;  and  at  his  death  was  the  oldest  member  of  the 
Christian  church  in  the  United  States,  having  been  one  of  the  very  first 
members  of  that  church  when  it  was  first  organized  in  Kentucky. 

JAMES  A.  EMISON, 

P.  O.,  Wellington,  Mo.,  was  born  and  raised  in  Scott  county,  Kentucky, 
and  is  a  son  of  Benj.  Emison,  who  came  to  this  county  and  settled  in  Clay 
township  in  1850,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  farming  and 
handling  all  kinds  of  stock.  In  1851,  Mr.  Emison,  was  married  to  Miss 
Robina  Triplett,  of  Kentucky,  by  whom  he  has  three  children.  His  wife 
died  in  1860.  In  1861  he  married  again,  Miss  Mary  Stone  of  this  county 
being  his  second  wife,  by  whom  he  has  one  child.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the  Grange.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church.  His  grand  father  was  a  revolutionary  soldier.  He  is  of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent.  His  father  was  born  in  Scott  county,  Ky.,  in  1801,  and  is 
yet  a  hale  hearty  old  man,  and  now  lives  with  him. 


504  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

THOMAS  V.  FOSTER, 

P.  O.,  Bates  City,  Mo.  Is  a  native  of  Franklin  county,  Ky.,  where  he  was 
born  in  1844.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri  at  the  age  of  seven, 
and  settled  in  Saline  county,  where  he  lived  until  1859,  and  then,  with  his 
father,  moved  to  this  county.  He  has  lived  in  this  county  since,  except 
few  years  spent  in  Carroll  county,  Mo.,  one  year  in  Kentucky,  and  two 
years  in  California.  He  owns  a  fine  farm  of  120  acres  on  Texas  Prairie 
well  improved,  and  with  abundance  of  coal  and  well  watered.  He  was 
married  in  1871,  to  Miss  Annie  Duncan,  of  this  county.  They  have  three 
children:  Alta  A.,  Ada,  J.  E.,  and  Tilden  E.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Christian  church.     His  father  died  in  this  county  in  1877 

ALFRED  KING, 

P.  O.,  Bates  City,  Mo.  Was  born  in  this  county  and  this  township  in 
1831,  where  he  was  raised,  educated,  and  has  lived  all  his  life,  engaged  in 
farming  and  raising  stock.  He  has  a  capital  farm  of  368  acres  on  Texas 
Prairie.  He  and  a  neighbor  built  the  first  two-story  houses  on  Texas 
Prairie.  In  1858,  he  was  married  to  Miss  N.  W.  Campbell,  of  this  county 
by  whom  he  has  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  Henry  E. 
Ethelbert,  Jarvis  W.,  Ella,  Aaron  G.  and  Ettie  E.  In  1862  he  enlisted  ir 
the  C.  S.  A.  under  Gen.  Shelbv,  and  continued  with  him  until  the  end 
and  surrendered  at  Shreveport,  in  1865,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  New- 
tonia,  Cane  Hill,  Hartsville,  Helena,  Marks'  Mills,  Ft.  Scott,  Duvall 
Bluffs,  etc.  He  is  a  member  of  the  C.  P.  church.  He  is  the  son  of 
Ephraim  King,  of  Logan  county,  Ky.,  who  came  to  this  county  in  1828, 
and  settled  on  the  farm  upon  which  he  lived  to  his  death  in  1868.  Mr. 
King  is  an  energetic  and  thrifty  farmer,  and  has  done  much  in  developing 
his  part  of  the  county.  • 

ALFRED  F.  NULL, 

P.  O.,  Odessa,  Mo.  Was  born  and  raised  in  Carroll  county,  Maryland, 
from  whence  he  came  to  this  county  in  1866  with  his  parents,  and  has 
resided  here  since,  except  two  years  which  he  spent  in  Texas,  railroading. 
He  has  a  good  farm  of  eighty  acres.  In  the  spring  of  1874,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Virginia  West,  of  this  county,  and  to  this  union  were  born 
four  children,  three  of  whom  are  living:  Walter  Lee,  Price  A.,  and  Floy 
May.  He  served  two  years  in  the  U.  S.  army.  He  was  taken  prisoner 
in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  but  was  soon  after  released  on  parole.  He  was 
in  the  battle  of  Frederick  City,  Maryland,  Manoksie  Junction,  Adams- 
town,  Leesburg,  Snickersville,  and  Point  of  Rocks. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  505 

BENJ.  P.  PORTER, 

P.  O.,  Wellington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Campbell  county,  Va.,  Dec.  14, 
1811,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1835,  he  came  to  this  county, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  except  two  years  spent  in  Carroll  county, 
engaged  in  farming  and  carpentering.  His  parents,  Benj.  and  Martha 
Porter,  were  both  natives  of  Virginia.  He  was  married  in  1840,  to  Miss 
Ann  E.  Price,  daughter  of  Judge  Nathaniel  Price,  who  came  from  Bed- 
ford county,  Va.,  in  1838.  By  this  union,  he  has  had  eleven  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  now  living.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  M. 
E.  church  south.  He  had  three  sons  in  the  confederate  service,  and  lost 
two  of  them.     Previous  to  the  war  he  was  captain  of  the  state  militia. 

WILLIAM  LAUDERDALE, 

P.  O.,  Wellington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Sumner  county,  Tenn.,  in  1818. 
His  parents,  Josiah  and  Thankful  Lauderdale,  came  to  Missouri  in  1835, 
and  settled  in  this  county  where  they  have  since  resided.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  farming,  and  has  a  iarm  of  360  acres  on  the  edge  of  Texas 
Prairie.  His  parents  died  in  this  county.  He  was  married  in  1846,  to 
Miss  Sophia  T.  Cobbs,  of  this  county,  formerly  of  Tenn.,  by  whom  he 
has  had  six  children,  three  of  them  now  living;  Mrs.  Mary  Russell,  Josiah 
and  Thomas.  He  and  family  are  members  of  the  C.  P.  church,  of  which 
he  is  a  deacon. 

JOSEPH  HAMMER, 

P.  O.,  Wellington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Rockingham  county,  Va.,  and  at 
the  age  of  eleven  came  with  his  parents,  Henry  and  Christina  Hammer, 
to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Cooper  county,  and  remained  there  five  years. 
They  then  came  to  this  county,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  trading.  His  father  died  in  this  county  in  1864,  and  his  mother 
in  1858.  He  was  married  in  1865,  to  Miss  Lutie  Mitchell,  of  this  county, 
by  whom  he  has  five  children  :^E.  M.,  Laura  I.,  Clarence  M.,  Bessie  I., 
and  Henry  B.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church  south;  has  a  fine 
farm  of  200  acres. 

H.  D.  KITE, 

P.  O.  Wellington,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Page  county,  Virginia,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  is  the  son  of  Hiram  and  Arana  Kite, 
who  came  to  Missouri  in  1870, 'and  settled  in  this  county.  He  was  mar- 
ried November  14,  1867,  to  Miss  Emma  Strickler,  of  Virginia,  by  whom 
he  had  seven  children,  five  of  them  now  living:  Ida,  Willie,  Annie,  Ella 
and  Ernest.  His  wife  died,  July  22,  1881.  In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Col. 
Ashley's  regiment,  C.  S.  A.  and  served  two  years.     He  was  taken  pris- 


506  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

oner  near  the  county  seat  of  Page  count}',  Virginia,  and  shortly  after 
exchanged.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Harper's  Ferry,  and  the  other  fights 
in  which  his  command  was  engaged.  In  1864,  he  was  detailed  to  the 
quarter  master's  department,  where  he  served  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

DR.  D.  K.  MURPHY, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Davidson  county,  N.  C,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1S51,  he  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in 
this  county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  save  five  years  in  Vernon  county, 
and  one  year  in  Boonville.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  St.  Louis  Medical 
college.  He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1856,  in  this  county.  In 
1876,  he  moved  to  Greenton,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1854,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  F.  C.  Leach  of  this  county,  and  has  seven  children 
only  one  of  whom  is  now  living:  Nellie  A.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist church  south.  He  is  now  post  master  in  Greenton,  has  the  only 
store  in  the  place,  and  also  practices  his  profession. 

LAFAYETTE  BURTON, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  this  county,  and  here  raised  and 
educated,  and  has  made  it  his  home.  He  has  been  running  on  the  river 
most  of  his  life,  as  pilot  and  captain.  He  now  owns  a  fine  farm  in  Green- 
ton valley,  where  he  resides,  and  devotes  his  time  to  farming  and  raising 
stock.  His  father  Jesse  Burton  came  to  this  county  in  1838,  and  lived 
here  until  his  death.  He  was  married  in  1869,  to  Miss  Jennie  Price,  of 
this  county,  and  has  two  children,  Jesse  K.  and  Lizzie.  His  wife  died 
August  27,  1876.  He  married  again  October  20,  188U,  to  Miss  Blanchie 
Chinn,  also  ot  this  county,  and  has  one  child,  Vinie  R.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the  Grange. 

W.  M.  REAM, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri.  Was  born  and  raised,  and  educated  in  Perry 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  in  banking  and  farming.  In  1878, 
he  went  to  Texas,  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  sheep  raising,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1880,  moved  to  this  county,  where  he  now  resides.  In  1859  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Mary  C.  Axline,  of  Ohio,  formerly  of  Virginia,  by 
whom  he  had  five  children,  two  of  whom  are  living:  M.  Maud  and  R. 
King.  He  was  four  months  in  the  United  States  service  under  Gen.  Sie- 
gel.  He  is  an  enterprising  and  public  spirited  citizen;  has  a  valuable  farm 
of  160  acres  near  Bates  City,  and  has  some  fine  stock. 

R.  C.  GILLESPIE, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  1834,  in  this  count}',  and  here 
raised  and  educated.     His  parents,  George  and  Sarah  Gillespie  moved 


HISTORY    OP    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  507 

from  Sumner  county,  Tenn.,  to  this  county  in  the  fall  of  1833,  and  lived 
here  the  balance  of  their  lives.  Mr.  R.  C.  Gillespie  has  lived 
here  all  his  life,  engaged  in  farming,  except  two  or  three  years  spent  in 
the  far  west.  On  the  23d  of  January,  1861,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Emma  Handley,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  had  nine  children,  seven 
of  them  now  living.  In  the  fall  of  1864,  he  joined  the  confederate  army 
under  Gen.  Price,  and  remained  to  the  surrender.  He  is  a  ruling  elder 
in  the  C.  P.  church. 

THOMAS  B.  WALRAVEN, 

P.  O.,  Napoleon,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Virginia,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1857  he  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in 
this  county  where  he  has  since  lived  (except  two  years  in  Ray  county), 
engaged  in  milling  and  farming.  In  1859  he  married  Miss  Catherine 
Worley,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Ida  May,  living.  In 
1861  his  first  wife  died,  and  in  1864  he  married  Miss  Marion  Shad  well,  of 
this  county,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  six  of  them  now  living: 
Wm.  E.,  John  M.,  Hattie  E.,  Thomas  B.,  Frank  and  Catherine  L.  He 
and  his  last  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church. 

JAMES  L.  KINKEAD, 

P.  O.  Wellington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Woodford  county,  Kentucky,  and 
at  four  years  of  age  moved  with  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  this 
county,  where  he  has  lived  ever  since,  engaged  in  farming.  On  the  23d 
of  December,  1874,  he  was  married  to  Miss  S.  R.  Thorp,  of  this  county, 
by  whom  he  has  two  children:  James  and  Charles  living.  He  has  93 
acres  of  fine  farming  land  on  Texas  Prairie. 

JOHN  W.  CASH, 

P.  O.,  Wellington,  Mo.  Was  born  and  raised  and  educated  in  Caldwell 
county,  Kentucky,  from  whence  he  moved  to  Missouri  in  1857,  and  set- 
tled in  this  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  farming.  June 
1,  1856,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Virgilia  Musgrove  of  this  county,  by 
whom  he  has  three  children  living.  His  wife  died,  November,  1864.  In 
1865  he  married  Miss  Bettie  Musgrove,  by  whom  he  has  two  children  liv- 
ing. His  second  wife  died  in  March,  1867.  In  July,  1868,  he  married  his 
third  wife,  Miss  Bettie  Parhan,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  three 
children.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church. 

B.  F.  HAMMER, 

P.  O.  Wellington,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Rockingham  county,  Virginia. 
At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
Cooper  county,  where  they  lived  until  1848.      They  then  moved  to  this 


508  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  engaged  in  farming.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  the  statt  service  for  six  months  under  Gen.  Price.  On  account 
of  ill  health  remained  at  home  until  1864,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  confed- 
erate army,  and  continued  to  the  surrender.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Lex- 
ington, West  Port,  Big  Blue,  Newtonia  and  others.  In  1862  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Lizzie  A.  Stapp,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  two  chil- 
dren, living:  Florence  A.  and  Dora  M.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist church,  south,  and  his  wife  of  the  C.  P.  church.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Taxpayers'  convention  for  over  a  year. 

LEWIS  N.  SANDERS, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Mo.  Was  born  November  16,  1800,  in  Bullard  county, 
Kentucky.  Moved  to  Missouri  in  March,  1851,  and  settled  in  this  county 
where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  plastering  and  in  farming.  In 
December,  1831,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Jane  G.  Hansbrough,  of  Ken- 
tucky, by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Theodore,  living.  His  wife  died  in 
1842.  By  his  second  wife,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bayne,  of  Kentucky,  he  has 
two  children  living:  Robert  J.  and  John  L.  Both  he  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  church,  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  since  1825, 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Virginia. 

C.  G.  FORD, 

P.  O.  Greenton,  Mo.  Son  of  John  R.  and  Caroline  Ford.  Was  born  in 
Boyle  county,  Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  thirteen,  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Pettis  county,  Missouri,  where  they  lived  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  then  moved  to  this  county,  and  have  lived  here  ever  since.  Ir 
October,  1870,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie  Beatty,  of  this  county,  for- 
merly of  Mason  county,  Ky.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  2d  Missouri  cavalry,  C 
S.  A.,  and  served  four  years,  surrendering  at  Columbus,  Mississippi,  1865 
Was  in  the  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Iuka,  Corinth,  Farmington  and  man) 
others.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church  and  also  of  the  grange 
Has  a  splendid  farm  of  260  acres  in  Greenton  Valley. 

WILLIAM  THOMAS, 

P.  O.  Napoleon,  Mo.  A  native  Missourian,  was  born  in  this  county  ir 
1830,  where  he  was  raised,  educated,  and  has  spent  his  life,  except  aboui 
seven  years  spent  in  California  and  Oregon.  His  parents,  W.  W.  anc 
Hannah  Thomas,  came  from  Tennessee  to  this  county  in  1829,  and  con- 
tinued to  live  here  until  they  died.  In  August,  1859,  he  was  married  tc 
Miss  Cerelia  Chapman,  of  this  county — by  whom  he  has  nine  children 
all  living — John  W.,  Flora  E.,  James  W.,  Joseph  S.,  Estella  G.,  Arthur  C. 
Henry  H.,  Franklin  L.  and  Clara  L.  He  has  a  fine  farm  of  200  acres  or 
Texas  Prairie  and  has  been  farming  all  his  life. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  509 

THOMAS  T.  COBBS, 

P.  O.  Napoleon,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Tenn.,  in  1829.  The 
year  after  his  birth,  1830,  his  parents,  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Cobbs, 
moved  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  this  county,  living  in  Lexington  five 
years.  They  then  moved  to  Clay  township,  on  the  Big  Sni,  where  they 
lived  and  died — his  father  dying  Dec.  10,  1817,  and  his  mother  in  May, 
1858.  His  father  built  the  first  jail  in  this'  county — the  first  two  bridges 
in  the  county,  and  also  the  first  mill  of  any  note.  Thos.  Cobbs,  Jr.,  was 
raised  and  educated  in  this  county,  and  has  lived  here  all  his  life.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  Catherine  Harper,  of  Kentucky,  Feb.  24,  1859 — by  whom 
he  has  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living— William  S.,  Katie  G., 
Thomas  H.,  Sarah  W.  and  Ethel  B.  His  family  belong  to  the  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian  church,  of  which  he  is  an  elder.  In  1861  he  joined  the 
Confederate  army  under  Gen.  Price.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Westport, 
Big  Blue,  Newtonia,  &c,  and  surrendered  at  Shreveport,  1865.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  both  died  members  of  the  C.  P. 
church. 


DAVIS  TOWNSHIP. 
MRS.  LOU  ABNEY, 

P.  O.  Higginsville,  Mo.  Daughter  of  George  Ennis,  who  moved  from 
Kentucky  to  this  state  at  an  early  day,  and  settled  in  this  county  near  the 
present  site  of  Higginsville.  In  1831  he  was  married  to  Miss  Rebecca 
Cole,  a  native  of  Tennessee.  In  1855  Miss  Ennis  was  united  in  marriage 
to  B.  F.  CofTey,  and  moved  to  Saline  county  whei  e  Mr.  Coffey  had  a 
large  landed  interest.  They  remained  in  Saline  some  years  and  returned 
to  this  county.  In  the  war  Mr.  Coffey  was  engaged  in  trading  in  stock 
and  did  not  join  either  army.  In  December,  1878,  while  residing  in  Mar- 
shall Mr.  Coffey  was  bitten  by  a  rat,  from  which  he  died  after  a  short  ill- 
ness. In  1881  his  widow,  Mrs.  Coffey,  was  married  to  Mr.  L.  W.  Abney, 
and  in  April  they  moved  to  Higginsville  in  this  county,  where  they  now 
live.  Mrs.  Abney  has  land  interests  in  both  Saline  and  Lafayette  coun- 
ties. 

IRA  D.  ANDERSON, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Missouri;  son  of  Abraham  Anderson,  was  born  Decem- 
ber 7,  1816,  in  Warren  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  raised  and  edu- 
cated. In  1836,  he  moved  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  where 
he  entered  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides.      In  1838   he  was  mar- 

T 


510  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ried  to  Miss  Harriet  A.  Collins,  daughter  of  Wm.  Collins,  Sr.  By  this 
union  they  have  eight  children  living:  Henry  T.,  Emilv  E.,  Warren  V. 
Joseph  H.,  Wm.  S.,  Leonora  L.,  Egbert,  and  Henrietta.  Three  of  these 
are  married,  and  two  of  them  are  living  in  Johnson  county.  Both  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Anderson  are  members  of  the  Christian  church.  During  the 
war  Mr.  Anderson  remained  at  home,  taking  sides  as  little  as  possible. 
Soon  after  he  settled  in  this  county,  the  Osage  Indians  made  such  a 
demonstration  of  hostility,  that  Gov.  Boggs  called  for  a  thousand  men. 
Among  those  who  answered  the  call  was  Mr.  Anderson. 

MOSES  ANSON, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Missouri;  was  born  December  10,  1S35,  in  Pike  county, 
Missouri,  coming  with  his  parents  to  this  county  the  next  year,  1836, 
being  but  a  year  old.  His  father  settled  one  mile  and  a  half  east  of  Hig- 
ginsville,  and  died  there  in  1841.  Moses  remained  with  his  mother  on  the 
farm.  When  fifteen  years  of  age,  he  moved  with  his  mother  to  Iowa, 
and  remained  four  years,  and  then  returned  to  this  county.  January  6, 
1860,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Frances  L.  Fitzgerald,  by  which  union  he 
has  three  children,  living:  Mary  E.,  Minnie  Lee,  and  John  H.  Mr. 
Anson  now  lives  on  his  home  place,  which  is  well  improved. 

H.  C.  FITZGERALD, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Missouri;  was  born  in  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1847,  coming  to  this  county  with  parents  in  the  spring  of  1852, 
and  settled  near  Higginsville,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  In 
March,  1875,  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Fitzgerald,  his  brother's 
widow,  and  daughter  of  W.  A.  Nutters.  By  this  marriage  they  have  two 
children  living:  Walter  E.,  and  Slater.  Mr.  Fitzgerald  is  now  living  on 
his  farm. 

JAMES  E.  GLADDISH, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Missouri;  son  of  Elijah  Gladdish,  was  born  in  Warren 
county,  Kentucky,  near  Bowling  Green,  July  22,  1836,  and  moved  to  Mis- 
souri with  his  parents  in  1841.  He  continued  with  his  father  until  1860, 
when  he  went  across  tine  plains,  being  absent  about  five  months.  He  then 
engaged  in  running  a  hemp  factory  in  Dresden  until  1866.  In  April, 
1863,  he  was  married  to  Isabella  M.  Burnell,  of  Boone  county.  By  this 
union  they  have  four  children  living:  Edwin  B.,  Sarah  C,  Charles  H., 
and  John  G.  Mr.  Gladdish  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry, 
being  a  charter  member  of  the  third  Grange  organized  in  this  county,  his 
wife  is  also  a  member.     He  is  also  a  member  of  A.  O.  U.  W. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  511 

FRANCIS    M.  GRAY, 

P.  O.  Higginsville,  Mo.  Son  of  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Gray,  was  born  Decem- 
ber 18,  1842,  in  Marion  County,  Mo.,  and  in  1846  he  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Independence,  Jackson  County,  staid  there  several  years,  when 
they  all  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  remained  there  until  1859.  The}-  then 
returned  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  and  lived  here  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  Then  he  again  went  to  Ktntucky,  and  staid  until  1872, 
when  he  came  back  to  this  county  and  settled  on  the  old  homestead,  where 
he  now  lives.  When  the  war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the  State  Guard 
under  Gov.  Jackson's  call  for  troops.  He  then  joined  the  confederate  serv- 
ice, in  which  he  continued  to  the  close.  Was  in  a  great  number  of  bat- 
tles. September  3d,  1872,  he  married  Miss  Martha  Ellen  Gray,  and  by 
this  union  has  two  children  living — Catherine  F.,  and  Letitia  F.  Mrs. 
Gray  is  a  member  of  the  O.  S.  Presbyterian  church. 

W.  R.  JACKSON, 

P.  O.  Higginsville,  Mo.  Son  of  Cyrus  W.  Jackson,  and  was  born  in  this 
county  April  22,  1853.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm  until  his  sixteenth  year, 
when  he  took  charge  of  his  uncle's  farm,  where  he  remained  for  a  time, 
and  then  went  on  a  trading  expedition  to  Texas.  In  1873  he  returned 
to  this  county,  and  went  into  the  drug  business.  In  the  winter  of  1873 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Lettie  B.  Keller,  and  has  three  children,  tu  o  boys 
and  one  girl,  Bessie  E.,  born  October,  1»74;  Roy  Berry,  born  July,  1877; 
Hulet  M.,  born  December,  1879.  After  his  marriage  he  spent  some  time 
on  a  farm  in  Carroll  County.  In  the  spring  of  1875  he  returned  to 
Lafayette  County,  and  engaged  in  farming  one  year.  He  then  moved  to 
Aullville,  and  was  appointed  constable  of  Freedom  township,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  capacity  until  1878.  He  then  entered  the  drug  and  grocery 
business  at  Aullville,  in  which  he  continued  until  1880,  dealing  also  in  dry 
goods,  and  trading  in  grain.  In  the  spring  of  1880  he  moved  to  Higgins- 
ville and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business,  but  soon  after  traded  his  stock 
of  groceries  for  a  livery  stable  and  outfit,  in  which  business  he  is  now 
engaged. 

TAMES  C.JENNINGS, 

P.  O.  Higginsville,  Mo.  Was  born  in  this  county  February  12,  1820, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated,  and  has  lived  all  his  life,  mostly 
engaged  in  farming.  In  1842  he  was  married  to  Miss  Nancy  P.  Rose, 
having  by  this  union  eight  children  living — Chas.  T.,  Mary  E.,  Rosa  A., 
Wm.  H.,  Lockey  J.,  Ida  B.,  John  D.,  and  Frank  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jen- 
nings are  both  members  of  the  Baptist  church. 


512  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

HENRY  DILLON  MILLS, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Mo.  Is  the  youngest  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Mills, 
nee  Dillon.  His  father,  Wm.  Mills,  of  Craddoxtown,  County  Kildare,  Ire- 
land, was  a  barister  at  law  and  Justice  of  the  peace.  His  mother  being  a 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Dillon,  of  Ireland,  a  direct  descendant  of  the  earls 
of  Roscommon,  and  was  also  a  free  baron  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire 
conferred  upon  him  and  his  descendants  in  1782  by  Joseph  I,  of  Germany, 
this  making  Henry  a  baron  of  the  empire.  Henry  completed  his  studies 
under  Richard  Edgeworth,  of  Edgeworthtown,  Ireland.  He  was  born 
December  4,  1S13.  At  the  completion  of  his  education,  he  entered  a 
solicitor's  office,  where  he  studied  law  until  he  was  licensed  to  practice. 
He  then  settled  in  Dublin,  and  practiced  there.  February  14,  1844,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Emily  Preston,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Nathaniel 
Preston,  of  Ireland.  By  this  union  they  have  eight  children  living,  Arthur, 
Nathaniel,  Henry,  Frank,  John,  Fannie  (wife  of  M.  M.  Gladdish),  Emily, 
and  Alice.  Mr.  M.  is  one  of  the  patrons  of  Husbandry.  Both  he  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopal  church.  In  1867  with  his  family  he 
came  to  this  country,  and  spent  one  winter  in  St.  Louis.  In  1868  he  moved 
to  this  county,  and  purchased  the  farm  on  which  he  now  resides. 

WILLIAM  H.  PETERS, 

P.  O.  Higginsville,  Mo.  Is  the  eldest  son  of  Isaac  and  Caroline  Peters 
Isaac  Peters  was  born  October  17,  1812,  and  died  en  route  for  California 
May  6,  1849,  and  was  a  native  of  Augusta  County,  Va.  Mrs.  Peters  was 
born  September,  1823,  at  Harrisonburg,  Rockingham  County,  Va.  They 
came  to  Missouri  in  1841  and  settled  in  Lexington,  where  they  were  mar- 
ried April  16,  1846.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Lexington 
March  16,  1847.  In  1862  he  moved  to  Liberty,  Clay  County,  Mo.,  where 
he  learned  the  business  of  photographing.  In  1861:  he  joined  Shelby's 
command,  and  was  attached  to  Capt.  Dick  Collins'  battery,  where  he 
served  until  the  war  closed.  He  then  went  to  Liberty,  Clay  County,  and 
remained  there  until  1872,  when  he  returned  to  this  county.  In  the  fall  of 
1878  he  moved  to  and  settled  in  Higginsville,  where  he  is  now  located,  in 
the  business  of  photography.  He  is  unmarried;  his  mother  lives  with 
him. 

ISAAC  REED, 

P.  O.  Higginsville.  Son  of  Joseph  P.  Reed;  was  born  May  10,  1848,  in 
Clinton  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1866  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri  ,and  the  year  after,  he  settled  in  this 
county.  In  1871  he  was  married  to  Miss  Matha  E.  Walters  of  Warrens- 
burg,  Missouri,  by  whom  he  had  one  child,  William.      January  8,    1881, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  513 

(his  wife  having  died)  he  was  married  to  Miss  L.  J.  Jennings,  of  this 
county.  Mr.  R.  is  associated  with  his  brother,  Adam,  in  the  livery  bus- 
iness. They  also  do  a  general  traffic  in  stock  of  all  kinds,  also  in  vehicles 
of  all  kinds. 

SAMUEL  L.  SMITH, 

P.  O.  Aullville.  Is  the  eldest  son  of  Lewis  Smith,  who  was  born  in  Hamp- 
shire county,  Virginia,  May  20,  1795,  where  he  remained  until  after  the 
war  between  the  sections.  The  subject  of  this  sketch,  when  he  arrived  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  left  his  father,  and  went  to  work  for  himself. 
In  November,  1853,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lavinia  McCanley,  and  by 
this  union  has  four  children  living:  Walter  H„  Edward  O.,  (Gustavus  A. 
now  dead)  Jonn  L.,  and  Mattie  S.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate 
army  under  General  Cockrell,  then  under  General  Shelby.  He  was  in 
all  the  principal  engagements  of  General  Shelby  until  1864.  In  1864,  he 
with  twelve  others,  was  captured.  He  was  taken  to  St.  Louis,  then  to 
Alton  until  February  1865,  when  he  was  exchanged  and  sent  to  Rich- 
mond. There  he  went  to  work  in  the  office  of  the  exchange  commis- 
sioner. Starting  to  rejoin  General  Shelby,  he  heard  of  the  surrender  at 
Atlanta,  Georgia,  and  made  his  way  home,  and  after  a  long  and  tedious 
trip,  he  reached  this  county  and  rejoined  his  family  May  23,  1S65.  He 
found  himself  broken  in  fortune,  but  went  to  work  like  a  man,  and  now 
owns  the  farm  on  which  he  lives,  120  acres  in  section  3,  township  4S,  and 
range  26. 

DANIEL  SNIDER, 

P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia,  June  23, 
1825,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1668  he  moved  to  Missouri, 
and  first  settled  in  Caroll  county,  where  he  lived  two  years.  He  then 
moved  over  to  this  county,  and  settled  near  Higginsville.  February  17, 
1818,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Gollady,  of  Augusta  county,  Virginia, 
and  by  this  marriage  has  four  living  children:  John  A.,  Ida,  Newton  E., 
and  Mary  E.  .  Mrs.  Snider  is  a  member  of  the  Old  School  Presbyterian 
church.  John  and  Ida  are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  belong- 
ing to  Davis  Creek  Grange  No.  155.  John  Snider,  father  of  Daniel,  was 
born  February  22,  1796,  and  his  mother  was  born  April  5,  1802. 

PETER  THOMAS, 
P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  May  1,  1S25, 
where  he  lived  until  the  year  1819,  and  then  came  to  this  country, 
landing  in  New  York  on  July  3d.  He  traveled  through  several  of  the 
northern  States,  staying  for  a  time  in  each,  consuming  six  years  in  this 
way,  and  finally  settled  at  Dover,  in  this  county,  where   he   continued 


514  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

engaged  in  the  mercantile  and  hotel  business  until  1878,  when  he  moved 
to  Higginsville,  and  built  a  large  brick  hotel  near  the  C.  &.  A.  depot.  In 
1865  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sophia  Schoop,  of  Lexington.  They  have 
four  children,  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  Mrs.  Thomas  died  October 
26, 1868,  and  June  20, 1872,  Mr.  Thomas  married  the  second  time — to  Miss 
E.  Burgess.  In  1879  he  purchased  the  farm  of  229  acres  on  which  he 
now  lives.  In  the  war  he  was  a  Union  man,  but  tried  to  keep  neutral; 
but  finding  this  impossible  he  joined  the  militia.  Both  sides  depredated 
on  him  and  he  lost  nearly  all  his  personal  property. 

FINCELIUS  R.  GRAY, 

born  in  Harrison  county,  Kentucky,  July  30,  1806.  Worked  on  a  farm 
with  his  father  till  November,  1827.  Joined  the  Presbyterian  church 
November  25,  1827.  Was  taken  under  care  of  Ebenezer  Presbytery  as  a 
candidate  for  the  ministry  in  April  1831.  Was  licensed  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel on  October  9,  1833,  came  to  Missouri  in  November/1833,  traveled  over 
the  country  between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Missouri  rivers  till  January 

1834,  and  there  being  then  in  the  country,  no  Presbyterian  minister 
between  Lexington  and  St.  Charles,  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  supply 
the  church  in  Columbia,  and  continued  in  that  charge   until   September, 

1835,  visiting  and  supplying,  as  far  as  paacticable,  the  several  churches  in 
Callaway,  Boone,  and  Howard  counties.  Married  Margaret  Ferguson  in 
Franklin,  Howard  county,  August  12,  1835.  He  spent  the  following  win- 
ter in  Kentucky,  returned  to  Missouri  in  June,  1836,  and  spent  the  sum- 
mer and  fall  in  Franklin;  went  to  Marion  county  in  December,  and  sup- 
plied the  Greenfield  church  for  one  year.  In  1837  he  took  charge  of  New 
Providence  and  Newark  churches,  the  one  located  in  Marion  county, 
and  the  other  in  what  is  now  Knox  county.  In  1816  he  went  to  Independ- 
ence, and  continued  to  supply  that  church  until  September,  1850;  then  he 
went  to  Kentucky,  and  remained  there,  supplying  the  churches  of  Ver- 
sailles and  Greer's  Creek  until  March,  1859.  Then  he  returned  to  Mis- 
souri, and  took  charge  of  the  Tabo  church,  in  Lafayette  county;  this 
church  prospered  until  the  civil  war  came  on,  under  the  effects  of  which 
the  church  was  scattered  and  almost  broken  up,  its  membership  being 
reduced  from  over  one  hundred  to  less  than  twenty.  The  charge  of  this 
church  was  relinquished  in  February,  1865;  then  leaving  his  family  here, 
he  went  to  Kentucky  and  did  not  return  until  August.  When  he  returned 
the  new  constitution  was  just  going  into  effect,  containing  an  iron-c7ad  oathy 
which  all  ministers  of  the  gospel  were  required  to  take.  That  oath  he 
could  not  take,  and  therefore  ceased  to  preach  or  to  exercise  any  of  the 
functions  of  a  minister  until  that  was  declared  unconstitutional  by  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  During  this  time  he  cultivated  his 
little  farm  and  made  a  support  for  his  family  by  daily  labor   as  a   simple 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  515 

farmer.  After  the  oath  was  set  aside  he  resumed  ministerial  work,  and 
supplied  the  two  (now  little)  churches  of  Tabo  and  Prairie.  After  a  few 
years  the  Prairie  church  was  relinquished.  The  Tabo  congregation  hav- 
ing concluded  to  pull  down  their  house  of  worship  and  remove  it  to  Hig- 
ginsville,  he  preached  in  a  school-house  in  the  neighborhood  until  the 
church  was  ready  to  be  occupied;  he  continued  to  supply  the  Higgins- 
ville  church  until  he  was  partially  paralyzed  in  1878.  Since  then  he  has 
been  unable  to  preach  or  to  do  other  work  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 
He  is  living  on  his  farm  in  section  10,  township  49,  range  26,  with  his  chil- 
dren. 

WILLIAM  T.  SHAMEL, 

P.  O.,  Aullville,  Mo.,  son  of  S.  M.  Shamel.  Was  born,  Sept.  25,  1855,  in 
Forsyth  county,  N.  C.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Missouri,  in  the  fall  of  1869,  and  located  in  this  county  on  the 
farm  known  as  the  Judge  Downing  farm.  In  1872,  he,  with  his  father, 
took  a  lease  for  five  years  on  H.  J.  Higgins'  farm.  In  1876,  he  left  his 
father,  and  commenced  for  himself,  on  eight)'  acres  of  prime  land,  which 
he  purchased  of  S.  L.  Wilson.  He  raises  corn  and  deals  in  cattle,  and  is 
a  good,  hard-working,  honest  man. 

HARRISON  LUTTRELL, 

P.  O.,  Aullville,  Mo.,  son  of  Richard  and  Polly  Luttrell.  Was  born  Feb. 
3, 1835,  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He 
continued  on  his  father's  farm  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  union 
army  uuder  Gen.  Sherman,  Co.,  D,  48th  Ohio  regiment,  and  was  in  the 
army  three  years.  He  was  wounded  once,  in  the  shoulder  by  a  minnie 
ball,  at  Arkansas  Post;  was  discharged  at  Indianapolis,  and  returned 
home.  On  the  26th  of  October,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret 
Smith,  of  Lafayette  county,  Ohio.  The  following  spring  he  moved  to 
Johnson  county,  Mo.,  and  in  1868,  he  moved  to  this  county,  locating  six 
miles  southwest  of  Aullville,  purchasing  160  acres,  known  as  the  old 
Honey  Ford  farm,  on  Davis  Creek,  and  has  devoted  his  attention  a  good 
deal  to  raising  stock,  especially  horses.  He  has  five  children:  Leona 
M.,  Bardolia  A.,  Georgia  A.,  Mary  K.,  and  Maggie,  all  living.  Both 
himself  and  wife,  and  three  of  his  children  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
church.     He  is  a  good  farmer,  good  neighbor  and  a  good  citizen. 

GEORGE  OSBORN, 

P.  O.,  Aullville,  Mo.,  second  son  of  John  and  Rachel  Osborn.  Was 
born  in  Columbia,  Boone  county,  Mo.,  May  18,  1828.  His  parents,  now 
dead,  were  from  Kentucky,  and  came  to  Boone  county  as  early  as  1818. 
George  moved  the  first  time  to  Davis  county,   Mo.,  in    1841,  where  he 


516  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

remained  twenty-four  years,  and  then  came  to  this  county,  September, 
1865,  settling  about  two  miles  northwest  of  Aullville,  where  he  now  lives. 
In  Sept.  1855,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  A.  Rose,  and  has  ten  child- 
ren living:  John  F.,  Charles  E.,  .Lou  Bell,  R.  Lee,  F.  May,  Ruth,  Ida 
Ann,  George,  Alvin  K.,  and  Floyd.  Mr.  Osborn,  has  an  excellent  farm 
of  280  acres,  underlaid  by  the  best  class  of  coal.  The  neighborhood  use 
limestone  rock  for  building  purposes,  and  his  house  is  built  of  stone  from 
his  own  land.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  a  member  of 
the  Grange.  His  farm  is  of  the  first  quality  of  corn  and  wheat  land,  and 
is  well  improved,  with  a  large  variety  of  fruit.  He  has  twenty-two  stands 
of  bees;  one  half  Black,  and  the  other  half  Italian  bees. 

HON.  JAMES  W.  HARRISON, 

the  subject  of  the  following  sketch,  son  of  William  W.  Harrison,  and  the 
youngest  of  nine  children,  is  a  native  of  Davis  township,  Lafayette  county, 
Missouri;  born  March,  1839.  Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the 
common  schools.  His  parents  came  to  Missouri  in  1838.  They  were 
both  natives  of  Virginia ;  his  father  of  Madison  county  and  his  mother  of 
Green  county.  His  father  died  in  1876,  at  the  advanced  age  of  82  years, 
and  his  mother  in  1869,  aged  69  years.  James  W.  was  married,  Septem- 
ber 27,  1860,  to  Miss  Ellen  Davis,  daughter  of  Dr.  H.  C.  Davis.  Nine 
children  were  born  to  them,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living,  viz:  Marcel- 
lus,  William,  Joseph,  Fleet,  Leslie  R.,  Comorah  and  Estella.  He  now 
resides  in  Davis  township,  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising,  owning 
a  well  watered  farm  of  400  acres  of  well  cultivated  land.  In  1864,  he 
enlisted  in  the  confederate  service,  Co.,  C,  Hunter's  regiment,  which  was 
subsequently  consolidated  with  Gen.  Jackman's  command.  He  entered 
the  service  as  an  orderly  sergeant,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Inde- 
pendence, Blues,  Westport,  Drywood,  and  Newtonia.  June  16,  1865,  he 
surrendered  at  Shreveport,  being  in  command  of  the  regiment,  his  supe- 
rior officers  having  resigned  their  position  and  gone  to  Mexico.  In  1878, 
he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  county  court,  of  Lafayette  county.  At  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  two  years,  his  judgment,  and  ability  to  fill  the 
office  were  complimented  by  his  re-election  in  1880.  Mr.  Harrison  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Aullville;  postoffice,  Aullville. 

DAVID  C.  SLUSHER. 

Mr.  Slusher  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county,  born  April  7,  1838, 
upon  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  His  father,  Roland  Slusher,  is 
native  of  Virginia,  and  came  to  Missouri  in  an  early  day.  During  the 
late  war,  Mr.  S.  remained  at  home,  taking  care  of  his  own  and  mother's 
family.  March  26,  1861,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Rachel  Ann  Mc- 
Cormack.     Five  children  were  born  to  them,  viz:  John  H.,  Roland  F., 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  517 

Pearla  May,  Cora,  and  Catherine.  During  the  war  Mr.  Slusher's  house, 
was  frequented  by  bushwhackers,  and  upon  one  occasion,  they  attacked 
a  company  of  federal  soldiers,  within  a  short  distance  of  the  house,  and  a 
young  man  named  Wade  Morton  was  killed.  Mr.  Slusher  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Bapiist  church.     P.  O.,  Higginsville. 

WILLIAM  W.  PRESTON. 

Mr.  Preston  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Mo.,  Feb.  4,  1836.  He  is  the 
only  son  of  John  R.  and  Lourana  Preston,  who  lived  in  Boone  county 
until  1844,  when  they  removed,  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  to  Lafay- 
ette county,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated,  and  after  reaching  man- 
hood, engaged  in  farming.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  ser- 
vice, serving  principally  in  the  Eastern  Miss.  Department;  was  engaged 
in  the  seige  of  Vicksburg  at  the  time  of  its  fall.  At  the  close  of  the  war, 
he  returned  home  and  settled  on  his  farm,  where  he  lived  until  the  spring 
of  1878,  when  he  removed  to  Higginsville,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade.  Jan.  2,  1879,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Jennie  Fulkerson,  by  which  union  they  have  one  child,  Lourana,  who  was 
born,  Oct.  17,  1879.     Postoffice,  Higginsville. 

REV.  SAMUEL  T.  RUFFNER. 

Mr.  Ruffner,  the  present  pastor  of  the  O.  S.  Presbyterian  Church,  at  Hig- 
ginsville, is  a  native  of  Kanawha  county,  West  Va.,  born  February  27th, 
1836.  In  1853  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  located  in 
Lexington,  Lafayette  county.  In  1855  he  entered  the  Masonic  College, 
at  Lexington,  where  he  remained  for  two  years,  afterwards  attending 
Center  College,  at  Danville,  Kentucky,  where  he  graduated  with  high 
honors,  in  1858.  After  graduating,  he  taught  school  in  Lexington,  Mo., 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  when  he  abandoned  teaching,  and 
in  September,  1861,  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service,  Capt.  John  Bow- 
man's company,  Col.  Elliott's  regiment.  His  first  engagement  was  at 
Lexington,  and  his  second  at  Pea  Ridge.  While  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  he 
was  taken  sick  and  sent  to  the  hospital,  where  he  remained  until  his  dis- 
charge. His  health  being  somewhat  improved,  he  went  to  Hot  Springs, 
Ark.,  where  he  remained  until  his  health  was  entirely  restored.  He  then 
associated  himself  with  Capt.  Roberts,  who  was  then  recruiting,  having 
his  headquarters  at  Tahlequah,  Ind.  Ter.  From  these  recruits  a  battery 
was  organized,  of  which  Roberts  was  elected  captain,  and  Mr.  Ruffner, 
lieutenant.  Immediately  after  the  battle  of  Prairie  Grove  Capt.  Roberts 
resigned,  and  Lieut.  Ruffner  took  command,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  the  surrender.  Capt.  Ruffner  took  part  in  all  the  principal  engage- 
ments fought  in  his  department.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  he  went  to 
Nebraska  and  taught  school  for  two  years.     In  1S69  he  returned  to  Mis- 


518  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

souri,  and  began  preparing  for  the  ministry.  He  was  licensed  in  1872, 
and  ordained  in  April,  1873.  His  first  charge  was  the  Waverly  Pres. 
church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  for  seven  years.  In  November,  1879,  he 
removed  to  Higginsville  and  took  charge  of  the  Presbyterian  church  there, 
of  which  he  is  the  present  pastor.  June  13,  1877,  he  was  united  to  Miss 
Lucy  E.  Jackson,  of  Rappahannock  county,  Va.,  by  which  union  they 
have  one  child,  Mamie,  born  February  17th,  1878. 

CARMI  W.  SHARP. 

Mr.  Sharp  is  a  native  of  West  Virginia,  born  near  Parkersburg,  June 
27th,  1846.  In  1856  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
this  county,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  and  engaged  in  its  culti- 
vation. July  31st,  1870,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Harriet  D.  Carter, 
daughter  of  N.  J.  Carter,  and  a  native  of  this  county.  By  this  marriage 
they  have  five  children  living:  Nathaniel  Carter,  Sarah,  Mary  Gray, 
Lewis  Green,  and  W.  Gwinn.  His  mother,  an  aged  lady  in  her  75th 
year,  is  living  with  him.  She  is  in  full  possession  of  all  her  faculties,  and 
enjoying  good  health  for  a  person  of  her  advanced  age.  Mr.  Sharp's 
home  place  is  a  beautiful  one,  well  improved,  consisting  of  80  acres,  upon 
which  is  a  fine  orchard  which  produces  many  different  varieties  of  fruit. 
He  owns  other  farms  besides  this.  His  father  was  foully  murdered  by 
three  men,  who  entered  his  house  in  February,  1865,  and  demanded 
money.  Upon  being  informed  that  he  did  not  have  any,  they  deliberately 
shot  him  through  the  heart.  Mr.  Sharp's  post-office  address  is  Higgins- 
ville. 

WM.  HARRISON  ROBINETT. 

Mr.  Robinett  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Mo.,  July  5th,  1832.  He  is  a 
grandson  of  Capt.  Abraham  Bird,  who  was  a  member  of  the  first  legisla- 
ture held  in  the  state,  and  also  a  grandson  of  John  Robinett,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  Kentucky,  and  who  moved  to  this  state  and  settled  in 
Boone  county,  in  1823.  William  H.  lived  with  his  father,  Moses  F.,  until 
he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  the  mercantile  trade  upon 
his  own  responsibility,  which  he  followed  until  1855,  when  he  went  to  St. 
Louis  and  entered  a  commercial  school,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1856. 
He  then  entered  the  employ  of  Pomeroy,  Benton  &  Co.,  one  of  the  largest 
wholesale  dry  goods  firms  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  atasalaryof  $1,200  per 
year.  After  remaining  in  their  employ  one  year  he  left  them,  notwith- 
standing their  offer  to  increase  his  salary  to  $3,000,  and  engaged  as  clerk  on 
the  steamer  Keokuk,  but  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his  family  he  shortly 
after  abandoned  the  river  and  went  to  Hannibal  and  engaged  in  the 
machine  business,  which  he  followed  for  two  years,  and  then  resumed  the 
mercantile  trade,  in   which  he  remained  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  519 

war.  Being  desirous  that  peace  should  exist  between  the  north  and 
south,  he  cast  his  influence  in  that  direction;  but  when  he  saw  that  the 
war  was  inevitable,  he  cast  his  fortunes  with  the  south,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  to  raise  the  secession  flag  in  the  state,  and  joined  one  of  the  first 
companies  raised  commanded  by  Capt.  Hawkins.  He  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  Green,  upon  which  he  served  until  his 
health  failed  him,  and  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  service.  His  health 
improving  he  again  entered  the  service,  and  assisted  Col.  E.  J.  Gurley,  in 
raising  his  regiment  of  "Partisan  Rangers,"  of  which  he  was  appointed 
adjutant.  While  on  a  scouting  expedition  he  was  severely  wounded,  but 
he  remained  with  his  command  and  returned  into  camp.  He  was  after- 
wards promoted  to  a  captaincy  for  efficient  service  rendered.  After  the 
close  of  the  war  he  remained  in  Texas,  engaged  in  raising  cotton  and  also 
in  superintending  a  machine  shop,  until  1869.  In  December,  1865,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Catherine  L.  Vivion,  of  Texas.  Four  children  were 
born  to  them:  Minnie  Lee,  Ernest  V.,  Walter  P.  and  Roberta.  In  1869 
he  returned  to  Missouri  and  settled  at  Dover,  Lafaj^ette  county,  where  he 
remained  until  1877,  when  he  moved  to  Higginsville,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  engaged  as  a  machinist. 

JAMES  J.  RAY, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Higginsville,  sonof  James  H.  and  Hannah  Ray,  was  born  in 
Livingston  county,  Kentucky,  May  6,  1835.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
same  state  and  county;  his  father  being  born  in  1805  and  his  mother  in 
1811.  In  1838  his  father  moved  his  family  to  Missouri,  locating  in  Macon 
county,  within  ten  miles  of  where  Macon  City  now  stands.  His  father 
was  a  follower  of  Henry  Clay,  and  always  voted  the  whig  ticket.  He 
died  August  28,  1860,  and  was  followed  by  his  wife  nine  years  later. 
James  J.  was  married  to  Miss  E.J.  Williamson,  October  22,  1854,  who 
died  after  the  war.  He  was  again  married  April  22,  1871,  to  Miss  Nan- 
nie B.  Rutter,  of  Palmyra,  Missouri.  They  have  one  child,  Daisy,  born 
February  9, 1874.  Mr.  Ray  was  one  of  the  first  to  respond  to  the  call  of 
Gov.  Jackson  for  troops  to  defend  the  state  of  Missouri  from  invasion 
without  and  foes  within,  enlisting  in  the  state  guards  for  a  six  months  term 
of  service.  His  experiences  during  the  progress  of  the  war  were  quite 
remarkable,  and  peculiarly  interesting,  as  related  by  himself  in  the  follow- 
ing: "After  serving  out  my  time  of  enlistment  in  the  state  guards,  I 
returned  home  to  learn  of  the  death  of  my  father,  and  of  my  appointment 
as  administrator  of  his  estate.  My  bondsmen  wished  me  to  remain  at 
home  and  attend  to  the  property,  fearing  that  if  I  entered  the  confederate 
service,  the  property  would  be  confiscated,  and  they  would  consequently 
suffer.  I  complied  with  their  request,  and  engaged  in  stock  trading. 
While  in  St.  Louis  with  two  car  loads  of  stock,  I  was  obliged  to  take  the 


520  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

oath  of  loyalty  to  the  federal  government,  before  I  was  allowed  to  return 
home.  I  told  no  one,  except  my  family,  what  I  had  been  obliged  to  do. 
In  August,  1862,  Col.  Benjamin,  in  command  of  a  company  of  federal  mil- 
itia, stationed  in  my  neighborhood,  ordered  that  all  southern  sympathizers 
should  take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  and  pay  a  commutation  tax  of  $30,  or 
go  into  the  militia.  The  most  of  my  neighbors  paid  the  tax,  but  I  did  not. 
I  concluded  to  join  the  confederates,  and  went  to  Gen.  Green's  at  Shelbina, 
which  place  we  captured  after  a  sharp  skirmish.  I  afterwards  joined 
Porter  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Newark  and  Kirksville.  At  the 
latter  place  the  federals  made  a  charge,  which  we  repulsed,  with  severe 
loss  to  them.  The  ball  was  then  opened  in  earnest.  Several  of  my  com- 
pany were  killed.  A  comrade  by  the  name  of  Rains,  who  was  badly 
wounded,  called  out  to  me  not  to  leave  him,  and  I  called  to  another  com- 
rade, a  Mr.  Zool,  and  together  we  started  to  carry  him  from  the  field. 
Just  as  we  were  ready  to  put  him  into  a  house,  a  cannon  ball  took  off  the 
head  of  Mr.  Zool.  I  put  the  wounded  man  in  the  house,  and  started  to 
find  my  company,  but  was  captured  in  the  attempt.  Thirty-two  of  us, 
prisoners,  were  drawn  up  in  line,  that  evening,  and  told  that  we  were  to 
be  shot,  but  after  keeping  us  there  until  sundown  without  a  drop  of  water, 
or  anything  to  eat,  they  confined  us  in  an  upper  room  until  morning.  We 
got  nothing  to  eat  or  drink  until  eleven  o'clock  that  day.  The  next  morn- 
ing one  Mr.  Chaney,  a  merchant,  came  to  me  and  told  me  that  he  thought 
we  would  all  be  shot.  I  gave  him  $25  and  my  wife's  address,  and  he  sai 
that  if  I  was  killed,  he  would  send  her  the  money.  Soon  after  we  were 
asked  by  McNeal  if  we  would  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  federal  gov 
ernment.  We  all  readily  consented  and  were  accordingly  sworn,  providec 
with  a  pass  and  turned  out  of  the  den.  I  met  Mr.  Chaney,  who  returnee 
my  pocket  book  and  money,  and  said,  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  that  he  was 
glad  to  return  me  my  own.  I  arranged  my  toilet  as  best  I  could  under 
the  circumstances  and  went  to  a  hotel,  where  1  remained  three  days, 
assisting  in  the  care  of  some  wounded  soldiers,  I  was  so  ragged  that  I  was 
ashamed  to  go  home,  but  a  merchant  of  the  place,  presented  me  with  a 
complete  suit  of  clothes;  then  I  concluded  to  go  home.  I  do  not  know  the 
donor's  name,  but  whoever  and  wherever  he  is,  I  pray  that  he  may  prosper. 
I  traveled  to  Macon  by  stage  and  started  to  walk  to  my  mother's  place,  ten 
miles  out.  On  the  road  I  overtook  an  old  playmate,  John  Hunt,  a  radi- 
cal, to  whom  I  told  my  troubles,  not  thinking  to  whom  I  was  talking.  In 
less  than  24  hours  my  mother's  house  was  ransacked  for  me,  from  cellar 
to  garret,  but  I  was  at  my  own  house,  eight  miles  distant.  A  neighbor 
piloted  the  militia  there  at  midnight.  I  awoke  to  look  into  the  muzzle  of 
a  musket,  in  the  hands  of  an  old  school-mate,  who  ordered  me  to  get  up. 
When  the  captain  came  in,  he  ordered  a  light  and  capped  his  revolver 
afresh.     This  alarmed  my  wife,  and  she  asked  him  what  he  was  going  to 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  521' 

do  with  me.     He  answered  her:  "It  is  enough  for  you  to  know  that  we 

are  going  to  take  him  out  of  here  d d  quick."     I  then  showed  him  my 

pass,  and  after  reading  it  he  said:  "I  am  an  officer  and  will  respect  this, 
but  you  will  be  killed  in  less  than  two  weeks  if  you  stay  here."  He  then 
left,  with  his  command.  The  next  Sunday  I  was  called  to  the  door  by 
three  men,  who  presented  their  pistols  at  me  and  bade  me  follow.  They 
made  me  mount  an  old  mare,  that  had  a  colt  following  her,  and  ride  at 
least  15  miles  with  a  sheep-pelt  for  a  seat..  We  stopped  at  Uncle  Henry 
Roberts',  on  the  way,  and  confiscated  his  saddle  for  my  use.  In  a  few 
hours  the  rest  of  the  company  came  along,  and  arrested  Uncle  Henry,  and 
made  him  ride  to  headquarters  bare-back.  He  was  not  in  a  praying  mood, 
just  then,  if  he  was  an  elder  in  the  church.  I  was  taken  to  the  old  Harris 
house,  where  I  was  kept  for  several  weeks,  with  about  a  hundred  others. 
The  officers  would  not  respect  my  pass,  and  shbrtly  after  about  seventy 
of  us  were  transferred  to  the  McDowell  college  military  prison  at  St. 
Louis,  where  we  were  detained  for  three  months.  While  sitting  at  the  win- 
doww  one  day,  I  threw  a  kiss  at  three  ladies  on  the  street,  who  responded 
by  waving  their  handkerchiefs.  They  were  arrested  and  put  into  prison 
for  it.  Soon  after  we  were  transferred  to  Alton,  and  while  there  the 
small  pox  broke  out  among  us.  It  being  very  difficult  to  get  nurses  for 
the  sick,  I  volunteered  my  services.  I  caught  the  disease,  but  having  a 
very  light  attack,  soon  recovered.  After  being  imprisoned ,  there  and 
elsewhere  for  nine  months,  I  was  released  under  $3,000  bonds,  went  home, 
made  a  sale,  and  went  to  Virginia  City,  Montana,  where  I  remained  until 
the  last  of  September,  when  I  returned  home.  Finding  affairs  unsettled 
as  yet,  and  thinking  myself  not  safe,  I  concluded  to  go  north.  I  landed  in 
Omaha  and  the  first  letter  I  received  from  my  wife,  I  learned  that  I  had 
not  been  gone  from  the  house  a  half  hour,  before  the  militia  were  after  me. 
After  an  absence  of  six  months,  I  returned  and  found  evervthing  quiet; 
those  who  had  been  the  most  eager  to  hunt  me  down,  heretofore,  have 
since  seemed  my  very  best  friends.  Such,  are  some  of  my  experiences  in 
what  I  term  a  rich  man's  war  and  a  poor  man's  fight." 

WILL  S.  ANDERSON, 

Higginsville,  is  the  son  of  Ira  D.  Anderson,  who  came  from  Warren 
county,  Ky.,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Lafayette  county.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  Aug.  I,'l852.  He  remained  with  his  par- 
ents till  1876,  he  then  took  a  trip  to  Kentucky  where  he  remained  for  a 
short  time  and  then  returned  to  his  father's  farm,  taking  occasional  trips 
through  different  States.  He  then  went  to  Higginsville,  in  July,  1881, 
and  engaged  in  the  livery  business. 


522  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

FATHER  FRANCIS  C.  CURRAN, 

Pastor  of  the  Catholic  church,  Higginsville,  was  born  in  the  couuty  Lei- 
trim,  Ireland,  April  21,  1850.  His  preparatory  education  was  received  at 
Summer  Hill  college  at  Athlone;  after  this  he  attended  St  Patrick's  College 
at  Carlow,  where  he  received  his  orders,  M?iy  26,  1877.  October  26,  fol- 
lowing he  reached  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Here  he  was  assigned  a  charge  as 
assistant  p.istor  for  a  few  months,  was  then  transferred  to  Kansas  City, 
where  he  was  assistant  with  Father  Donley  for  three  years  or  more,  then 
was  appointed  to  the  St  Mary's  church  at  Higginsville. 

MORDECAI  M.  GLADDEN, 

was  born  in  Warren  county,  Ky.,  Jan  16, 1838.  Moved  with  his  parents 
to  this  state  in  1841  and  located  in  Lafayette  county  where  he  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools.  In  July,  186  L,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Capt. 
Fred.  Neet's  company,  White's  regiment,  U.  S.  volunteers;  was  surrendered 
at  Lexington.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  E.  M.  M.,  and  was  elected  First 
Lieutenant  of  the  company,  but  was  discharged  together  with  six  other 
former  members  of  White's  regiment,  by  the  governor  because  they  were 
not  subject  to  exchange.  In  May,  1864,  he  located  in  Warrensburg, 
Johnson  county,  Mo.,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  where  he  re- 
mained until  1872.  He  then  returned  to  the  farm,  Aug.  24,  1874  he  was 
married  to  Miss  M.  J.  McKee,  of  Clinton  county,  Mo.  She  died  in  about 
one  year.  He  again  was  married  to  Miss  Fannie  E.  Mills,  daughter  of 
Henry  D.  Mills. 

HILLORY  JOY, 

farmer;  born  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland,  Aug.  25,  1817.  He  moved 
from  Maryland  to  Maysville,  Ky,  in  1830  where  he  continued  his  profes- 
sion. He  married  Miss  Evaline  Norman  the  same  year  he  came  to 
Maysville.  He  then  moved  to  Buchanan  county,  Mo.,  and  remained  until 
1816,  then  came  to  Lafayette  county,  and  located  at  his  present  home.  By 
the  above  marriage  he  has  nine  children — Wm.  O.,  Geo.  S.,  Lucy  A., 
Mary,  Benjamin,  Eugene,  Emma,  Robert  and  Luther,  all  of  whom  are 
married  save  one.  Mr.  Joy  has  a  nice  farm  of  180  acres,  well  im- 
proved throughout.  On  this  farm  he  has  a  bank  of  coal  of  the  best  qual- 
ity and  the  vein  about  eighteen  inches  thick  and  can  be  worked  by 
stripping  or  mining,  and  also  has  several  stone  quarries  upon  his  farm. 

JAMES  O.  HOGAN, 

farmer;  is  the  oldest  son  of  Alexander  C.  Hogan,  who  was  born  March 
1,  1783,  near  Richmond,  Va.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  this 
State  with  his  father  in  1839,  and  located  where  he  now  lives,  upon  land 
they  entered  soon  after  they  came  to  the  State.     The  father  of  James  O. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  523 

Hogan  is  still  living  at  the  ripe  age  of  ninety-eight  years,  and  is  as  active 
as  many  a  younger  person,  retaining  his  mental  faculties  and  dividing  his 
time  visiting  among  his  children.  James  was  married  April  27,  1853,  to 
Miss  Sarah  A.  Warren.  By  this  marriage  they  have  two  living 
children:  Eddie  and  Jerry.  Mrs.  Hogan  died  March,  18,  1857. 
September  1,  1857,  was  again  married  to  Miss  Euphemia  M.  Slusher. 
By  this  marriage  he  has  four  living  children— Joanna,  Eulalie  M., 
James  Henry  and  Nora  Belle.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Gen.  Joe  Shel- 
by's command,  and  remained  with  him  until  he  [Shelby]  went  south, 
then  James  joined  Capt.  Rathbun's  company,  Gordon's  regiment, 
and  was  engaged  in  most  of  the  battles  that  were  fought  by  those 
commands;  after  the  war  he  returned  home  and  settled  down  to  civil  life. 

RICHARD  T.  CONN. 

John  Maddox  Conn,  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a 
native  of  Ireland,  where  he  was  married.  On  his  arrival  here  he  settled 
in  the  colony  of  Virginia,  and  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  that  revolu- 
tionized the  political  status  of  the  colonies,  he,  like  most  Irishmen  of  that 
period,  joined  the  continental  army.  He  raised  quite  a  family,  and 
became  an  early  settler  of  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  and  his 
wife  were  both  buried  after  long  and  useful  lives.  Our  subject's  father, 
John  M.  was  eighteen  years  old  when  his  parents  settled  in  Kentucky. 
He  soon  became  enlisted  in  the  defense  of  the  settlements  against  Indians, 
and  the  war  of  1S12  beginning  at  this  time,  he  joined  the  forces  raised, 
and  served  in  one  or  two  expeditions  against  the  Indians  of  the  northwest, 
and  was  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Harrison  in  his  celebrated  Indian 
campaign.  He  continued  to  reside  in  Bourbon  county  till  his  death.  He 
became  quite  a  wealthy  farmer,  and  was  a  gentleman  of  considerable 
influence.  His  wife  was  formerly  a  Miss  Mary  N.  Keene,  by  whom  he 
raised  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  are  still  living:  Dr.  Notley,  Dr.  James 
V.,  Mary  A.,  Ethline,  Sophia,  William,  Sarah  T.  Mr.  Conn  was  born  in 
the  ides  of  March,  1817.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  at  Burlington, 
Boone  county,  and  afterward  took  a  clerkship  in  a  dry  goods  house  in 
Covington,  where  he  soon  rose  to  a  partnership,  and  where  he  spent 
eleven  years  of  his  life.  His  health  failing,  he  sold  out  his  interests,  and 
returned  to  his  native  home,  and  conducted  his  father's  farm  for  three 
years.  He  moved  to  this  county  with  his  family  in  1850,  and  bought  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  Mills  and  Douthett.  He  bought  his  present  home 
in  1856,  a  fine  tract  of  four  hundred  acres,  very  handsomely  improved, 
and  well  supplied  with  water,  from  never-failing  springs,  and  fine  coal. 
Mr.  Conn  is  a  neat  and  successful  farmer,  and  has  done  something  as  a 
live-stock  dealer.  He  was  married  in  December,  1845,  to  Miss  S.  J.  Polk, 
daughter  of  Col.  Daniel  Polk,  and  a  relative  of  James  K.  Polk;  also  of 


524  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Trusten  Polk,  once  governor  of  this  state.  They  have  two  daughters: 
Annie  V.,  the  wife  of  S.  W.  Foder,  a  wealthy  farmer  of  St.  Louis  county, 
and  Miss  Florence. 

LILBURN  B.  JENNINGS, 

is  the  son  of  John  D.  Jennings,  who  emigrated  from  East  Tennessee, 
about  the  year  1816,  and  entered  land  in  Dover  township,  near  the  town 
of  Dover,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born,  April  16,  1825,  and 
lived  till  the  year  1849.  His  father  then  moved  into  Washington  town- 
ship, where  they  lived  for  twenty  years.  During  this  time  Mr.  Jennings 
bought  his  present  home  in  Davis  township,  where  he  now  lives.  On  the 
11th  day  of  November,  1844,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza  Rose,  daughter 
of  John  W.  Rose,  of  Kentucky.  By  this  marriage  nine  children  were  born: 
James  T.,  John  D.,  Henry,  George  W.,  William,  Mary,  Martha  J.,  Rich- 
ard C,  and  Edward  R.  Most  of  his  children  are  married,  and  settled 
around  him.  Mr.  Jennings  and  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church.  His  father  died  under  peculiar  circumstances,  having  attended 
an  election,  and,  on  returning  home,  went  to  the  field  to  cut  a  load  of  corn, 
and  when  driving  into  his  barn  with  the  load,  a  blade  of  the  corn  ran  into 
his  ear,  destroying  the  drum  of  the  ear;  inflammation  set  in;  he  lingered 
about  two  weeks,  when  death  came  to  his  relief,  and  ended  his  sufferings. 

PHILIP  E.  AYERS, 

farmer,  is  the  son  of  Thomas  H.  Ayers,  who  was  born  in  Virginia;  he 
came  from  Kentucky  to  Missouri  in  1814,  remaining  here  about  two 
years,  when  he  returned  to  Kentucky.  In  1869,  Philip  again  moved  to 
this  state  and  located  where  he  now  lives.  On  the  8th  day  of  March, 
1859,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Addie  Brown,  of  Jefferson  county,  Ken- 
tucky. She  was  the  daughter  of  Hon.  James  Brown.  By  this  marriage 
he  has  four  children,  living:  Annie  E.,  Lula  M.,  Katie  B.,  Ebert  E.  Mr. 
Ayers  and  wife  are  both  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  born  December  23,  1836.  His  farm 
is  underlayed  with  coal  of  fine  quality,  but  as  yet  has  not  been  fully  devel- 
oped. 

H.  H.  LUCE, 

editor  of  Lafayette  County  Advance,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  The  subject  of 
this  brief  sketch  is  a  native  of  Wisconsin;  born  in  1859.  His  father  and 
mother  are  natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Vermont,  respectively.  They 
moved  to  Wisconsin  at  an  early  period.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
War,  his  father,  C.  D.  Luce,  enlisted  in  the  Federal  service.  Being  trans- 
ferred with  his  command  to  Missouri,  he  was  very  much  pleased  with  the 
general  appearance  of  the  country  and  entered  land  in  Andrew  county,  to 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  525 

which  he  moved  his  family  in  1864.  He  was  a  sailor  during  the  early- 
part  of  his  life,  having  made  three  different  vovages  around  the  world, 
while  acting  in  that  capacity.  The  old  gentleman  died  during  the  same 
year  in  which  his  family  moved  to  this  state.  The  family  remained 
together  on  the  farm  -until  1873,  when  they  removed  to  Savannah,  the 
county  seat  of  Andrew  county.  Here  Homer,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  sent  to  school  for  a  period  of  four  years,  after  which  he  began  the 
study  of  the  law.  Being  in  somewhat  straitened  circumstances,  he  taught 
school  for  two  years  and  also  contributed  numerous  articles  to  the  vari- 
ous papers  of  the  county,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  means  for  the 
prosecution  of  his  studies.  He  also  practiced  law  in  the  Lower  Courts 
with  an  unusual  degree  of  success.  In  1879  he  moved  to  Higginsville  and 
assisted  in  establishing  the  Lafayette  County  Advance,  the  first  and  only 
newspaper  published  there.  It  is  a  staunch  Democratic  paper,  very  ably 
and  profitably  conducted  by  its  young  editor,  who  has  the  entire  control 
and  management  of  it.  Although  young  in  years  and  having  been  but  a 
short  time  in  the  county,  the  youthful  editor  by  his  fertile  brain  and 
indomitable  energy  has  contributed  in  a  great  measure,  toward  the  pro- 
gress and  development  of  its  resources.  His  "  maiden  vote  "  was  recorded 
for  Hancock  and  English.  On  the  22d  of  November,  1880,  he  led  to  the 
marriage  altar,  Miss  Katie  E.  Houx,  oldest  daughter  of  Geo.  Houx,  one 
of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Lafayette  county. 

JOSEPH  R.  MAJOR, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  Wellington,  this  county,  Jan. 
8th,  1855.  Is  the  son  of  Wm.  B.  Major  and  Prudence  E.  Warder,  who 
were  married  in  Lexington,  Mo.  In  1870  he  went  to  Aullville  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  for  two  years  at  the  expiration  of  which 
time  he  sold  out  his  stock  of  goods  and  went  into  the  grain  business.  In 
1878,  April  21th,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Anna  Kellar,  of  Aull- 
ville. In  1880  he  removed  to  Higginsville  and  opened  a  hotel,  complete 
in  all  of  its  appointments.  The  town  being  then  in  its  infancy  and  the 
business  not  meeting  his  expectation ,  he  sold  out  and  again  embarked  in 
the  grocery  business .  Mr.  Major  is  a  man  of  ability  and  enterprise,  court- 
eous and  obliging  and  thoroughly  deserving  of  the  liberal  patronage  of 
which  he  is  the  recipient. 

MARK  A.  BRADY, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Is  a  native  of  Ireland;  born  in  the  Province 
of  Ulster,  Aug.  20th,  1837.  Emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1857  and 
in  1860,  returned  to  his  native  land,  where  he  remained  until  the  close  of 
our  Civil  War.  He  then  returned  and  settled  for  a  time  in  Plainfield, 
u 


526  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Indiana.  June  7th,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Katie  D.  P.Taggard,  by 
which  union  he  had  two  children;  one  of  whom  is  living:  Hugh.  The 
other,  a  girl,  was  four  and  one-half  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  her  decease. 
Mrs.  Brady  died  June  8th,  1871.  Aug.  7th,  1878,  Mr.  Brady  moved  to 
this  state  and  county,  locating  at  Higginsville,  where  he  now  resides, 
engaged  in  the  prosecution  of  a  lucrative  mercantile  trade.  He  is  an 
active  and  consistent  member  of  the  Catholic  church,  and  also  a  member 
of  the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen. 

OWEN  V.  THORNTON, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  West  Virginia,  in  1844. 
Moved  to  Missouri  in  1870.  In  1872,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Rosa  A. 
Loftus,  of  Saline  county  Missouri.  They  have  two  children  living: 
George  J.  and' Vincent  L.  In  1S79,  he  moved  to  Higginsville.  and  in  the 
fall  of  1880,  was  elected  principal  of  the  high  school  of  that  place.  He 
taught  during  the  winter,  and  in  the  spring  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business.  Prof.  Thornton  has  been  a  successful  teacher  of  twelve  years 
experience  but  he  realizing  the  fact  that  a  business  life  is  much  more 
independent  and  reliable,  though  not  more  honorable,  determined  to 
embrace  the  first  good  opportunity  which  presented  itself  of  leaving  the 
profession,  and  engaging  in  business.  He  has  opened  out  a  large  and 
handsome  stock  of  furniture,  upholstering  goods,  carpets  etc.,  which  he  is 
handling  with  profit  to  himself  and  satisfaction  to  others. 

ROBERT  CURTIS  CARTER, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  Henrico  county 
Va.,  January  12,  1838.  Moved  to  Missouri  in  1849,  and  settled  at  Dover, 
this  county,  where  he  remained  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war. 
He  then  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service  under  Gen.  Jo.  Shelby.  He 
was  regularly  sworn  in  at  Waverly,  in  August  1862.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  battles  of  Coon  Creek,  Newtonia  and  in  all  of  the  skirmishes  incident 
to  the  march  of  Gen.  Shelby,  through  Missouri,  in  his  endeavor  to  form  a 
junction  with  Gen.  Raines.  Aiter  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his 
old  home  in  Missouri,  and  began  the  study  of  medicine;  finally  graduating 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  Old  McDowell  college,  in  1868.  He 
then  returned  to  Dover,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which 
he  continued  to  follow  there  until  the  fall  of  1874,  when  he  removed  to  the 
northern  part  of  the  state  and  located  in  Gentry  county,  where  he 
remained,  still  practicing  medicine  until  March  of  1880.  He  then  returned 
to  this  county,  and  settled  at  Higginsville,  where  he  now  resides,  the 
recipient  of  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In  1868,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Lenoir  C.  Campbell,  oldest  daughter  of  Capt.  J.  F.  Campbell, 
one  of   the  oldest  settlers  of  this  county.     By  this  union  they  have  four 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  527 

children:  Frank  L.,  Shannon,  Carson  and  Mary  Myrtle.  By  close  appli- 
cation to  business,  and  deep  delving  into  the  mysteries  of  medical  science, 
the  Dr.  has  obtained  a  popularity  throughout  the  town  and  surrounding 
country,  which  is  very  desirable. 

RICHARD  A.  COLLINS, 

Attorney  at  law,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  "  Captain  Dick,"  as  he  is  famil- 
iarly called,  is  the  youngest  son  of  Gen.  Richard  Collins,  of  Kentucky, 
and  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  in  December,  1841.  In  1857 
he  moved  to  Missouri.  He  was  educated  in  Cincinnati,  graduating  from 
the  St.  Zazarier  college.  He  has  represented  this  (Lafayette)  county,  two 
terms  in  the  State  Legislature.  Was  in  command  of  Gen.  Jo  Shelby's 
artillery,  during  the  progress  of  the  civil  war.  After  the  close  of  the 
war,  he  returned  to  Missouri  and  located  at  Higginsville,  where  he  now 
resides,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  Capt.  Dick  is  a  young  man  of 
worth  and  stands  at  the  top  of  the  ladder  in  his  profession.  A  whole 
chapter  might  be  devoted  to  the  gallant  "  Capt.  Dick,"  and  his  exploits 
during  the  war,  but  for  want  of  space  and  in  consequence  of  an  injunction 
served  upon  us  by  the  captain  himself,  we  will  have  to  desist. 

ORVILLE  A.  JONES, 

Dentist,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  Carroll  county,  Virginia,  in 
1843.  Moved  to  Missouri  in  1868,  and  settled  at  Warrensburg,  Johnson 
county,  where  he  remained  until  1869,  when  he  removed  to  Brownsville, 
Saline  county,  where  he  practiced  dentistry  from  1872  to  1875.  In  the 
latter  year  he  moved  to  Aullville,  this  county,  where  he  remained  until 
1880,  when  he  moved  to  Higginsville,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service  under  General 
Floyd.  Was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Cross  Lanes,  Cornfect's  Ferry, 
Cotton  Mountain,  Blue  Stone  River,  Parrisburg,  Lewisburg,  Rocky  Gap, 
and  several  others  too  numerous  to  mention.  After  a  fight  at  Rocky 
Gap  he  was  transferred  to  Richmond  and  put  under  the  command  of 
Stonewall  Jackson.  From  this  time  on  he  had  no  rest,  their  march  being 
one  continuous  skirmish  line.  Was  captured  at  Piedmont,  in  the  Shenan- 
doah Valley,  on  the  5th  of  June,  1864,  and  taken  to  Camp  Morton,  where 
he  remained  until  the  9th  of  April,  1865,  when  he  was  paroled.  Just 
before  his  capture  his  regiment  was  one  of  the  largest  in  the  command, 
but  at  the  fight  at  Piedmont,  all  but  74  were  either  killed  or  captured. 
The  doctor  is  now  practicing-  dentistry  in  Higginsville,  and  has  gained  a 
wide-spread  reputation  as  a  man  skilled  in  his  profession.  His  patients 
come  from  far  and  near. 


528  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

JAMES  H.  BOWEN, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Virginia, 
January  24,  1846.  Is  the  only  son  of  Wm.  H.  Bowen  and  Julia  Amelia 
Culp,  both  natives  of  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  where  they  were  mar- 
ried in  1844.  In  1859  the  family  moved  to  Missouri  and  settled  at  Lex- 
ington, this  county,  where  James  prepared  himself  for  college,  which  he 
entered  at  Gettysburg,  in  1861,  the  family  returning  with  him.  He 
remained  at  college  until  the  spring  of  1862.  On  his  return  to  Missouri 
he  joined  the  U.  S.  Telegraph  Corps  as  operator,  under  Captain  P.  C. 
Clovvry.  Was  sworn  into  the  service  in  the  spring  of  1863,  for  three 
years,  or  the  war.  Was  mustered  out  of  service  December  5,  1865,  at 
Sedalia.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  he  returned  to  Lexington,  where 
he  remained  until  his  marriage,  which  occurred  on  the  4th  of  July, 
1874.  He  married  Miss  Susan  J.  Pool,  by  whom  he  has  three  children: 
Farris  Wade,  Philip  and  Pleasant  Henry.  Mrs.  Bowen  is  the  daughter 
of  Pleasant  C.  Pool,  who  is  now  living  on  his  farm  near  Mayview.  Mr. 
Bowen  was  engaged  in  farming  until  April,  1881,  when  he  moved  to  Hig- 
ginsville, where  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  mercantille  business,  liber- 
ally patronized  by  the  people  of  the  town  and  surrounding  country. 

WM.  H.  LITTLEJOHN, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county;  born  Novem- 
ber 8,  1843.  Was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  this  county.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  "  G,"  Col.  Elliott's  regi- 
ment, State  Guards,  in  which  he  served  for  six  months,  and  was  mustered 
out  at  Osceola.  He  re-enlisted  in  Company  "  F,"  1st  Mo.  Vol.  Cavalry, 
as  private.  He  fought  in  the  following  battles:  Lexington  (while  in  State 
Guards),  Newtonia,  Pineville,  Fayettsville,  Cassvilie,  Prairie  De  Ann, 
Cove  Creek,  Helena,  Little  Rock,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  Clarenden, 
Duval's  Bluff,  Prairie  de  Rone,  Boonville,  Jefferson  City,  Marshall,  second 
battle  of  Lexington,  Blue  Mills,  Independence,  Westport,  Little  Osage, 
Warrensburg,  Batesville,  and  several  others  of  less  note.  At  the  battle 
of  Prairie  de  Rone  he  was  slightly  wounded  in  the  right  knee.  He  sur- 
rendered at  Lexington,  with  David  Poole,  in  May,  1865.  He  then  took  a 
trip  to  Virginia  City,  Montana,  where  he  remained  for  a  short  time, 
engaged  in  freighting.  In  December  of  same  year  he  returned  to  this 
county,  and  went  to  his  mother's  farm,  where  he  remained  until  his  mar- 
riage, which  occurred  in  1873,  he  leading  to  the  altar  Miss  Amanda 
Brown,  a  native  of  Johnson  County.  They  have  two  children,  named 
respectively,  James  and  Mary.  Since  the  war  he  has  been  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock  raising.  His  farm  consists  of  160  acres  of  first-class 
land,  situated  one  mile  west  of  Aullville.  He  also  owns  a  fine  farm  of  180 
acres  located  in  Johnson  County.   Is  an. influential  man  and  a  good  citizen. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  529 

DENNIS  PAYNE, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Born  in  Scott  County,  Ky.,  October  11,  1834. 
When  six  or  seven  years  of  age,  his  parents  brought  him  to  this  county, 
locating  for  a  while  in  Lexington,  and  there  settling  upon  a  farm,  where 
Dennis  was  reared;  working  on  the  farm  summers  and  attending  school 
winters.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  as  private  in  Company  "  C,"  Gen. 
Shelby's  Regiment,  Volunteer  Cavalry.  Was  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Coon  Creek,  Newtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Springfield,  Cape  Girardeau,  Boon- 
ville,  Jefferson  City,  Marshall,  Helena,  Hartsville,  Batesville,  Neosho, 
Duval's  Bluff,  and  Camden.  Was  surrendered  at  Shreveport  in  1865, 
when  he  returned  to  this  county  and  located  upon  a  farm  consisting  of  80 
acres,  situated  near  Aullville,  where  he  still  resides,  engaged  in  its  cultiva- 
tion. In  1866  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Stephenson,  a  native  of 
this  state.  Five  children  were  born  to  them,  named  as  follows:  Joseph, 
Oliver,  Augustus,  Bryant,  and  Lee.  Mr.  Payne  has  a  good  record  as  a 
soldier,  and  stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  the  community  as  a  citizen. 

HORACE  WILSON  WINSOR, 

Superintendent  of  Winsor  Coal  Company,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Is  the  only 
son  of  Hon.  Edward  Winsor;  born  in  Lexington,  Lafayette  County,  Mo., 
October  23,  1846.  Lived  there,  attending  school  after  arriving  at  the 
proper  age,  until  April,  1864,  when  he  went  to  Denver,  Col.,  where  he 
remained  for  a  short  time.  On  his  return,  in  the  September  following,  he 
went  to  Fulton,  Mo.,  and  entered  the  Westminster  College,  remaining 
there  until  March,  1865,  when  he  went  to  St.  Louis  to  attend  Brvant  & 
Stratton's  Business  College,  which  he  attended  at  intervals  until  1866.  In 
March  of  that  year  he  returned  home  and  entered  into  partnership  with 
his  father  in  the  insurance  business,  to  which  he  still  devotes  a  part  of  his 
time.  In  1878  he  engaged  in  the  coal  business  with  his  uncle,  N.  B.  Win- 
sor, with  whom  he  remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  October, 
1879.  In  same  year  Mr.  Winsor  moved  to  Higginsville,  where  he  has 
since  acted  as  Superintendent  of  the  Winsor  Coal  Company.  In  June, 
1871,  he  became  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  Lexington  Lodge, 
No.  149.  In  August  became  a  member  of  Chapter  No.  10,  of  R.  A. 
M.,  and  in  January,  1872,  a  member  of  the  De  Molay  Commandery,  No. 
3.  Was  elected  Master  of  the  Lexington  Lodge  in  1877,  High  Priest  of 
the  Chapter,  and  Eminent  Commander  of  the  Commandery.  In  1878  was 
appointed  Deputy  Grand  Master  of  the  District,  comprising  Lafayette  and 
Saline  counties.  Has  been  a  representative  to  Baltimore,  New  Orleans, 
and  Chicago,  at  the  Triennial  Conclave  of  the  Grand  Encampment  of 
K.  T.  During  the  seige  of  Lexington  Mr.  Winsor  was  in  the  city  and 
saw  the  most  of  the  battle.     His  father's  residence  is  near  the  battle 


530  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ground,  and  was  riddled  by  balls  and  grape  shot.  Mr.  W.  is  a  whole- 
souled,  genial  gentleman,  and  a  man  influential  in  public  affairs. 

ADAM  REED, 

livery  stable  P.  O.  Higginsville,  is  the  son  of  Joseph  Reed,  Esq.,  born  in 
Clinton  county,  Ohio,  August,  23d,  1850.  He  moved  to  Missouri  in 
about  1867,  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  remained,  working 
on  the  farm  with  his  father  until  1877,  when  he  embarked  in  business  for 
himself;  locating  at  Higginsville,  he  established  a  livery  and  sale  stable, 
in  which  he  is  engaged  at  the  present  time.  August  18th,  1880,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Sophronia  Jennings,  daughter  of  Rev.  James  Jennings, 
one  of  the  old  and  prominent  settlers  of  the  county.  Mr.  Reed  is  a  young 
man  of  promise,  with  health,  energy  and  a  determination  to  succeed  in 
whatever  he  undertakes;  qualities  which  are  bound  to  win  laurels  for 
their  possessor. 

LIEUT.  COL.  GEORGE  P.  GORDON, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Concordia,  the  seventh  child  of  Judge  Thomas  Gordon, 
was  born  in  Henry  county,  Tenn.,  August  8,  1828.  In  May,  1831,  the 
judge  brought  his  family  to  Lafayette  county,  and  entered  some  land  near 
Lexington,  which  is  now  owned  by  Evan  Young.  Here  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  reared  and  educated,  attending  the  high  school  at  Lexing- 
ton, which  at  that  time  was  under  the  supervision  of  Wm.  Van  Doran. 
In  1849  he  went  to  California  and  traveled  through  the  northern  part, 
prospecting  along  the  American  and  Nubia  rivers  and  their  tributaries. 
In  January,  1852,  he  returned,  reaching  home  about  ten  days  before  the 
death  of  his  lather.  He  was  married  February  12th,  1857,  to  Miss  Susan 
A.  Corder,  a  daughter  of  Nathan  Corder.  She  died  April  15,  1873,  leav- 
ing a  bereaved  husband  with  four  children  to  mourn  her  loss.  The  chil- 
dren are  named  as  follows:  Nathan,  John,  Bird  and  Frank.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  the  state  guards  and  afterwards  in  the  regular  confederate  ser- 
vice, in  which  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war.  While  in  the  state 
guards  he  held  the  rank  of  captain;  was  discharged  from  this  service 
in  December,  1861,  and  in  the  August  following  enlisted  in  the  regular 
service.  In  1863  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major*  by  Gen.  Hind- 
man,  at  the  suggestion  of  Gen.  Shelby,  and  in  1865  was  again  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Lieut.  Colonel,  by  Gen.  Shelby,  as  division  commandant; 
was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Carthage,  Wilson's  Creek,  Prairie 
Grove,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  Cape  Girardeau,  Helena,  of  Shelby's  raid 
through  southern  Missouri,  of  Price's  raid,  and  of  several  minor  engage- 
ments too  numerous  to  mention  in  this  brief  sketch.  He  surrendered  in 
June,  1865,  with  Shelby's  division,  to  Gen.  .Frank  Herron.  Returning  to 
his  home  he  again  resumed  his  occupation  of  farming.     He  was  again 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  531 

married,  March  31,  187-1,  to  Mrs.  Nancy  Corder,  widow  of  Addison  Cor- 
der.  The  fruit  of  this  marriage  is  one  child,  Lulu.  Colonel,  or  Major 
Gordon  as  he  is  better  known,  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge  at  Aull- 
ville,  also  an  honored  member  of  the  O.  S.  Presbyterian  Church. 

THOMAS  M.  ELSEA, 

farmer  and  stock  trader,  post-office  Blackburn,  is  a  native  of  Fauquier 
county,  Va.,  born  in  1834.  At  the  age  of  seven  }Tears,  he  came  with  his 
parents  to  Lafayette  county,  and  located  in  the  neighborhood  of  Corder. 
Here  he  grew  to  manhood  and  received  his  education.  He  then  served 
an  apprenticeship  to  the  carpenter  trade,  near  Elmwood,  in  Saline  county, 
at  which  he  worked  for  three  years.  In  1861  he -enlisted  in  Capt.  J.  O. 
Shelby's  company,  with  which  he  remained  until  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge, 
having  previously  participated  in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  After  the  bat- 
tle of  Pea  Ridge  he  was  appointed  steward  of  one  of  the  hospitals,  in 
which  service  he  continued  until  18(&.  He  was  captured  atCowskin 
prairie.  In  August,  1863,  he  went  to  Colorado,  where  he  remained, 
engaged  in  mining,  until  the  fall  of  1865  when  he  returned  to  this  county. 
Mr.  Elsea  was  married  in  February,  1866,  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Ramsey, 
daughter  of  John  W.  Ramsey,  of  this  county.  They  became  parents  ot 
seven  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living:  Hannah  V.,  Alonzo  B. 
and  Jessie.  Mr.  Elsea  is  a  steady,  industrious  farmer,  strictly  honorable 
in  his  intercourse  with  his  fellow  citizens. 

GROVE  YOUNG, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Higginsville,  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county,  born 
August  26,  1843;  was  raised  and  educated  here.  In  1870  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Ella  L.  Greer,  of  Johnson  county,  Mo.  They  have 
one  child,  Alexander  J.,  now  in  his  ninth  year.  In  1874  he  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business  at  Aullville,  where  he  remained  until  1879,  when 
he  moved  a  portion  of  his  stock  to  Higginsville,  where  he  now  resides, 
engaged  in  the  sale  of  dry  goods  and  notions.  Mr.  Young  is  a  thorough 
business  man,  fully  alive  to  the  interests  of  his  native  county,  the  devel- 
opment of  which  he  has  watched  with  much  pleasure  and  satisfaction. 

JOHN  MADISON  CANTERBURY, 

P.  O.  Higginsville;  the  oldest  son  of  Franklin  P.  and  Nancy  Canterbury, 
was  born  in  Lawrence  county,  Ky.,  November  17th,  1S33.  His  parents 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1835,  and  settled  in  Audrain  count}-,  near  Mexico, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  lived  until  1875.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage April,  1852,  to  Miss  Helen  Smith,  of  Kentucky.  By  this  union 
they  have  seven  children:  Nannie  E.  (married  Joseph  Pruette),  born  in 
1853;  Frank  P.,  born  in  Audrain  county,  Nov.  25,  1856;  James  W.,  born 


532  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

July  8,  1860;  Clara,  born  February  25,  1863  (married  to  Joseph  Hatcher, 
July  16,  1880);  Helen,  born  July  16,  1866;  Bird  Price,  born  December  1, 
1869;  Enna,  born  July  8,  1873.  Leaving  Audrain  county  he  removed  his 
family  to  Clay  county,  near  Kansas  City,  where  he  remained  until  1878; 
then  going  to  Higginsville  where  he  now  resides.  Mr.  C.  is  a  descendant 
of  Archbishop  Canterbury,  of  England,  also  closely  allied  to  Benj.  Frank- 
lin. He  is  a  thorough-going,  public  spirited,  influential  gentleman,  in  the 
full  enjoyment  of  vigorous  health.  Although  not  possessing  a  supera- 
bundance of  this  world's  goods,  his  heart  and  hand  always  respond  to  the 
cry  of  distress.  His  present  family  consists  of  his  own  unmarried  chil- 
dren, those  of  his  brother  Benjamin  (who  settled  in  Audrain  county,  Ky., 
in  1835),  and  himself,  he  having  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  wife  November 
19,  1880.  In  1875  his  grandmother  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  93  years. 
Up  to  this  date  there  were  160  members  of  the  Canterbury  family,  31  of 
them  deceased;  the  living  all  located  within  a  half  day's  journey  of  each 
other.  In  this  new  world  of  trial  and  vicissitude,  it  is  seldom  that  all  the 
members  of  so  large  a  family  remain  within  visiting  distance  of  each 
other;  the  necessary  changes  of  life  generally  scattering  them  to  the  four 
quarters  of  the  globe.  They  are  certainly  to  be  congratulated  upon  hav- 
ing been  able  to  preserve  intact  the  family  circle  for  so  long  a  time. 

GEORGE  W.  VIVION, 

hotel  proprietor,  P.  O.,  Higginsville.  Born  in  Clark  county,  Ky.,  March 
24,  1821.  Was  raised  on  a  farm.  In  1833  he  came  to  Lafayette  county 
and  in  1838,  enlisted  in  a  Lafayette  county  regiment,  and  engaged  in  the 
Mormon  war.  Went  to  the  far  west  and  returned  with  his  command, 
after  which  he  engaged  in  various  pursuits  until  1846,  when  he  enlisted  in 
Doniphan's  company,  for  service  in  the  Mexican  war.  Was  in  the  service 
fourteen  months.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Coryell  county,  Texas,  where  he 
remained  until  after  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  Was  not  engaged  on 
either  side.  Followed  blacksmithing,  carpentering,  etc.  In  the  fall  of 
1839,  he  was  married  to  Mary  E.  Walker,  daughter  of  Samuel  Walker, 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  this  county.  Nine  children  were  born  to  them, 
viz:  Charles  W.,  Kate  L.,  now  wife  of  Mr.  Robnett,  Flavel  W.,  Nancy 
E.,  wife  of  G.  A.  Chamblin,  Eliza,  wife  of  R.  E.  Chamblin,  Samuel  W., 
Lee  Emmitt,  Lula  and  Anna.  He  has  twenty-four  grand-children.  In 
1866,  he  came  back  to  Lafayette  county,  and  in  the  fall  of  1872,  went  to 
Higginsville,  where  he  now  resides.  Lost  twenty  slaves  by  the  war;  had 
two  sons  in  the  confederate  army:  Charles  W.,  in  Gurley's  command  in 
Texas,  and  Flavel  W.,  with  Gen.  Price.  Owns  520  acres  of  land  in  this 
county.  Mr.  Vivion  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church,  res- 
pected by  all. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  533 

HARVEY  J.  HIGGINS, 

larmer,  postoffice,  Higginsville.  Is  a  native  of  Fayette  county,  Ky.;  born 
Sept.  19,  1812.  Lived  there  until  22  years  of  age,  when  he  moved  to 
Liberty,  Ills.,  where  he  lived  five  years,  engaged  iu  the  mercantile  trade. 
In  about  the  year  1840,  he  landed  at  Hillman's  Landing,  (now  known  as 
Berlin),  and  purchased  460  acres  of  land,  (where  he  now  resides),  in  the 
cultivation  of  which  he  has  since  been  engaged.  When  he  first  came  he 
sold  bacon  for  two  cts.  a  pound  and  No.  1  wheat  for  twenty-five  cents  per 
bushel.  Was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad, 
of  which  he  is  still  a  director.  Also  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the  old 
Pacific  railroad,  and  a  strong  advocate  of  its  being  built  through  Lafay- 
ette county.  Has  been  a  leading  worker  in  all  railroad  enterprises  for  the 
benefit  of  his  adopted  county,  aiding  liberally  with  time  and  money.  At 
times  he  has  been  severely  censured  bv  some  for  what  he  has  done  in  that 
direction,  but  he  feels  sure  that  posterity  will  approve  of  his  work.  Mr. 
Higgins  was  the  founder  of  the  town  of  Higginsville,  formerly  owning 
the  land  upon  which  it  is  built.  It  is  named  for  him.  He  has  been  mar- 
ried three  times;  his  first  wife  was  Miss  Susan  Tyler;  they  were  married, 
May  9,  1839.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Eleanora  Holland,  married  Nov. 
18,  1855.  His  third  was  Miss  Carrie  F.  Young,  of  this  county,  daughter 
of  Maj.  A.  G.  Young.  He  is  the  father  of  five  living  children,  two  sorts 
and  three  daughters;  all  married  but  the  youngest.  Mr.  H.  is  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  of  which  he  is  now  an  elder.  Has  been  con- 
nected with  the  church  for  thirty  years;  has  served  as  magistrate  for  the 
last  four  or  five  years,  discharging  his  duties  in  that  capacity  in  a  credita- 
ble manner.  Was  unfortunate  during  the  war,  losing  property  of  the 
value  of  $25,000. 

OLIVER  K.  BURNS, 

insurance  and  real  estate  agent,  postoffice,  Higginsville.  The  subject  of 
the  following  is  a  native  of  Jefferson  county,  Va.,  born  May  5,  1825. 
Came  to  Lafayette  county  and  settled  in  Dover  township  in  1841.  During 
the  year  1857,  he  was  engaged  in  a  commission  and  storage  house  in  St. 
Louis.  He  afterwards  lived  in  Carroll  and  Saline  counties,  living  at  Wav- 
erly,  when  the  war  broke  out.  In  1864,  he  joined  Price  on  his  raid,  enlist- 
ing in  company  C,  Gordon's  regiment;  had  no  arms  for  some  time;  was 
in  action  at  Newtonia;  surrendered  in  1865,  at  Shreveport.  Lived  in 
Waverly  till  1878,  when  he  came  to  Higginsville.  Is  a  member  of  the 
school  board,  of  which  he  was  president  last  year.  In  1850,  he  was  uni- 
ted in  marriage  to  Lucy  S.  Van  Meter.  Thirteen  children  were  born  to 
them,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mr.  Burns  is  an  old  line  whig  and 
protectionist,  but  votes  the  democratic  ticket.  He  has  a  good  record 
as  a  soldier  and  a  gentleman,  and  is  a  man  of  ability  and  influence. 


534  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

SETH    MASON, 

farmer,  Higginsville  Post  office,  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Va.,  July 
19th,  1816;  was  educated  at  private  schools  and  at  William  and  Mary 
College.  Lived  in  his  native  county  engaged  in  farming  until  1854,  when 
he  came  to  Lafayette  county  and  located  upon  a  farm,  originally  owned 
by  Mrs  Ward,  a  sister  of  Gen.  F.  P.  Blair,  Jr.  In  1861  he  organized  and 
led  a  company  to  Camp  Hollowayfor  the  purpose  of  repelling  invasion. 
In  the  latter  part  of  August  the  company  was  disbanded.  His  health 
being  considerably  impaired,  he  took  no  further  active  part  in  the  war,  but 
sympathized  with  the  south.  He  was  greatly  harrassed  by  the  Fedrals. 
In  1870  he  was  assaulted  by  one  Thompson  McDaniel,  an  ex-guerrilla  under 
Poole  and  a  noted  desperado.  He  was  wounded  three  times,  disabling 
both  arms  to  such  an  extent  that  he  was  obliged  to  lie  in  bed  for  three 
weeks,  and  is  still  greatly  crippled.  Being  wholly  unarmed  he  was  unable 
to  defend  himself  and  the  villain  escaped  for  the  time  unscathed.  A  party, 
led  by  his  son  Edward,  went  in  pursuit  of  McDaniel  and  followed  him  to 
Atchison,  Kansas,  but  did  not  succeed  in  rinding  him  there.  In  a  few 
days  McDaniel  returned  to  Higginsville  with  a  pal  named  Parker.  They 
encountered  the  parly  which  was  in  pursuit  of  McDaniel  and  a  skirmish 
ensued.  Parker  was  killed,  McDaniel  escaping  to  Kentucky,  where  he 
was  afterwards  killed.  The  captain  was  married  to  Miss  Amelia  P.  Earl, 
of  Frederick  county,  Va.  They  became  the  parents  of  fifteen  children, 
ten  of  whom  are  living,  four  sons  and  six  daughters,  all  living  in  this 
county.  Mr.  M.  came  very  near  losing  his  life  on  account  of  following  a 
company  of  Federals,  for  the  purpose  of  recovering  three  of  his 
slaves  of  which  he  lost  eleven  during  the  progress  of  the  war.  He  is 
owntr  of  300  acres  of  fine  farming  lands  and  a  man  highly  respected 
by  his  fellow-citizens. 

AI  EDGAR  ASBURY, 

banker,  Higginsville.  Mr.  Asbury  was  born  in  Pruntytown,  Taylor 
county,  West  Virginia,  August  16,  1836.  He  was  partly  educated  at 
Rector  College,  Virginia,  and  finished  his  education  at  Allegheny  College, 
Pennsylvania.  In  1857  he  removed  with  his  father's  family  to  Richmond, 
Ray  county,  Mo.  Here  he  studied  law  in  the  offices  of  C.  T.  Garner  and 
Hon.  Mordecai  Oliver,  formerly  member  of  congress  and  afterwards 
secretary  of  state  of  the  state.-  In  1859  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
removed  to  Texas  county,  and  practiced  his  profession  until  the  breakings 
out  of  the  civil  war,  when  he  took  service  on  the  side  of  the  south,  first 
in  the  service  of  the  state  of  Missouri,  and  afterward,  and  until  the  close 
of  the  struggle,  in  that  of  the  Confedrate  States.  In  1865  he  returned  to 
Missouri  and  engaged  as  clerk  in  his  brother's  store  at  Dover,   in    this 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  535 

county.  In  a  short  time,  comparativly,  he  engaged  in  business 
for  himself  as  a  meixhant  at  Dover,  where  he  remained  until  1878, 
when  he  returned  to  Higginsville  and  opened  a  banking  house. 
In  1880  he  organized  the  Asbury-Catron  banking  company,  of  which 
he  is  still  the  senior  member.  Mr.  Asbury  was  married  Nov.  9, 
1865  to  Miss  Ellen  Knox  Gaw,  of  Lafayette  county,  who  was  born  May  15, 
1842.  They  have  been  the  parents  of  seven  children,  two  of  whom  died 
in  infancy  and  five  are  living,  viz:  Eva  Garnett,  Hugh  Gaw,  Leah  Barn- 
ett.  Ai  Edgar,  Jr.,  and  Harvey  N.  He  is  a  member  of  the  masonic  order 
and  he  and  Mrs.  Asbury  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  has 
large  interests  in  the  coal  mines  near  Higginsville,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  railway,  is  proprietor  of  Asbury's  addition  to  the  town  of  Higgins- 
ville, and  is  possessed  of  a  fair  competency  of  this  world's  goods,  every 
dollar  of  which  has  been  honestly  acquired  by  himself,  for  in  almost  every 
sense  Mr.  Asbury  is  a  self-made  man.  At  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  and 
upon  his  return  to  Lafayette  county,  his  capital  was  a  $20  gold  piece,  all 
that  was  left  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  his  horse  and  pistols  after  his 
surrender  at  Galveston,  Texas.  Capt  Asbury's  record  as  a  soldier  is  a 
remarkable  one.  His  first  service  was  as  conductor  of  a  wagon  train  of 
powder,  which  he  conveyed  from  Jefferson  City  to  the  camp  of  Gen.  J. 
H.  McBride,  about  150  miles.  This  was  a  perilous  service  since  the  road 
was  rough  and  rock}-,  the  powder  sifted  from  the  kegs  continuously  and 
the  wheels  of  the  wagons  struck  fire  at  almost  every  revolution.  On 
reaching  the  camp  of  Gen  McBride  that  officer  appointed  him  an  Aide-de- 
Camp  on  his  staff  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel.  In  this  capacity 
he  served  in  the  battles  of  Oak  Hill,  Dry  Wood,  Lexington  and  in  Zagon- 
yi's  attack  on  Springfield.  At  Elk  Horn  or  Pea  Ridge,  he  was  on  the 
staft'of  Gen.  Frost.  He  served  twelve  months  in  the  service  of  the  state, 
and  upon  the  expiration  of  this  term  engaged  under  Gen.  McBride  in 
recruiting  troops  for  the  Confederate  States,  during  which  service  he  was 
engaged  in  many  an  adventure  and  skirmish  with  the  enemy.  April  20, 
1863,  at  West  Plains,  Howell  county,  this  state,  he  was  captured  together 
with  his  company  of  recruits  intended  for  Cornell's  regiment  of  Missouri 
volunteers.  Capt.  Asbury  was  a  prisoner  of  war  for  twelve  months,  dur- 
ing which  period  he  endured  extreme  privations  and  sufferings,  not  to 
mention  indignities  at  the  hands  of  his  captors.  While  enjoying  (?)  the 
hospitalities  of  Federal  prison-keepers  he  was  frequently  confined  in  filthy 
prison  cells,  half-starved  and  clad,  and  incarcerated  closely  for  many 
weeks  at  a  time.  At  St  Louis  not  long  after  his  capture  he  was  paroled 
with  27  other  officers  and  started  for  City  Point,  Va.,  for  the  purpose  of 
being  exchanged,  where  he  arrived  and  exchange  being  refused  he  was 
placed  in  Fort  Norfolk.  On  the  way  from  Fort  Norfolk  to  Fort  Dela- 
ware, the  vessel — the  Maple  Leaf — upon   which  he  and  about   f  00  other 


536  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Confederate  officers  were,  was  seized  by  about  ten  daring  spirits,  who 
overpowered  the  guard,  forced  the  engineers  to  land,  and,  after  adminis- 
tering paroles  to  the  officers  and  crew,  struck  out  for  the  Confederate  lines 
which  they  reached  in  safety.  Twenty-seven  of  the  prisoners,  Capt.  A. 
among  the  number,  took  no  part  in  the  emeute,  having  due  regard  for 
their  paroles  and  refused  to  escape.  Notwithstanding  they  had  sworn  to  do 
no  act  in  aid  of  the  Federal  government  until  exchanged  the  officers  of 
the  Maple  Leaf,  as  soon  as  their  captors  were  out  of  sight,  placed 
the  twenty-seven  paroled  Confederates  under  gaurd,  and  instead  of 
taking  the  vessel  to  her  destination,  steamed  away  to  Fortress  Monroe 
and  from  there  to  Fort  Delaware.  From  here  Capt.  Asbury  and  his  com- 
rades were  taken  to  Jonhson's  Island,  in  Lake  Erie.  In  February,  1864, 
he  was  exchanged  at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  went  to  the  parole  camp  at  De- 
mopolis,  Ala.  From  Demopolis  he  made  an  adventurous  journey  to  the 
army  of  Gen.  Price  in  Arkansas,  joining  Gen.  Shelby's  division,  at  Bates- 
ville.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  came  into  Missouri  with  a  recruiting  force, 
commanded  by  Col.  Rathbun,  in  advance  of  Gen.  Price's  army.  The 
force  captured  Lexington  and  Capt.  Asbury  conscripted  the  town.  After 
Price's  army  passed  through  Lexington,  Capt.  Asbury  crossed  the  river 
with  18  others,  and  became  temporarily  attached  to  Bill  Anderson's  guer- 
rillas, and  was  present  when  Anderson  was  killed.  After  this  event  Arch 
Clements  took  command  and  led  the  force  around  Richmond,  across  the 
Missouri  at  Brunswick,  and  Capt.  A.  soon  made  his  wayto  the  Confederate 
armyunder  Gen.  Kirby  Smith,  in  Arkansas.  With  this  army  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  when,  as  before  stated,  he  surrendered  at  Gal- 
veston, Texas,  in  June,  1865,  and  returned  to  Missouri,  arriving  at  Dover, 
July  9,  following. 

ANTHONY   BENNING, 

P.  O.  Mayview.  One  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  citizens  of  Lafay- 
ette county.  Was  born  in  Fayette  county,  Ky.,  Sept.  9,  1809,  where  he 
was  raised  on  his  father's  farm,  and  educated  at  Georgetown,  Kv.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  he  taught  school  for  several  years,  then  went  to  Washing- 
ton City  and  spent  four  years  as  clerk  in  the  postoffice  department,  under 
Wm.  T.  Barry,  postmaster-general  during  Jackson's  second  administra- 
tion. His  eyesight  failed  him  in  consequence  of  the  incessant  labors  of 
that  position,  and  he  was  compelled  at  last  to  resign,  returning  to  Ken- 
tuky  and  farming  for  a  time.  He  then  moved  to  Missouri  and  settled  in 
this  county,  bringing  with  him  about  $6,000,  his  own  earnings,  and  pur- 
chased 160  acres  one  mile  south  of  where  Mayview  now  stands.  Upon 
this  foundation  he  built  up,  before  he  died,  one  of  the  finest  estates  in  the 
county.  During  the  war  he  lost  heavilv  in  slaves  and  personal  property 
His  costly  dwelling  was  burned  and  himself  thrown  into  prison.     He  was 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  537 

harried  by  the  militia  and  finally  banished.  After  the  war  he  returned  to 
this  county,  and  bought  a  home  in  Lexington,  where  he  lived  with  his  family 
till  his  death,  March  18,  1872,  though  he  continued  to  superintend  to  the 
last  his  large  farming  interests  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county.  He  was 
strictly  honorable,  prompt  and  energetic  in  all  business  matters.  He  had 
no  political  aspirations,  and  though  he  could  have  obtained  almost  any 
office  in  the  county  or  state,  he  constantly  declined  all  political  preferment. 
He  was  the  first  postmaster  of  Mayview,  then  called  Tabo,  which  he  held 
for  years  as  an  accommodation  to  his  neighbors.  On  the  9th  of  October, 
1850,  he  married  Miss  Bettie  Spurr,  daughter  of  Dr.  Buford  Spurr,  of 
Kentucky.  Her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Judith  Gray.  Mrs.  Benning 
is  the  great-grand-daughter  of  the  venerable  Augustine  Easton,  who,  for 
over  half  a  century,  was  a  Christian  minister  of  Bourbon  county,  Ky. 
The  great-grandfather  of  Maj.  Benning  was  a  pioneer  of  the  state  of  Ver- 
mont, where  the  family  was  well  known  and  stood  high.  Mrs.  Benning 
still  survives  her  husband,  and  has  six  children  living  out  of  a  family  of 
eight— James  A.,  Taylor  B.,  John  G.,  Ottie  V. — now  wife  of  Thomas  M. 
Chinn— Robert  E.  and  Thomas  E. 


DOVER    TOWNSHIP. 
JARED  J.  CALDWELL, 

stock-trader  and  farmer,  Dover  P.  O.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native 
of  Kentucky;  born  in  1849.  His  parents  came  to  Missouri  in  1857,  locat- 
ing in  this  county,  where  Jared  is  still  living,  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of 
a  fine  blue  grass  farm  of  124  acres.  His  mother  still  living,  residing  with 
him;  his  father  being  dead.  Mr.  C.  is  an  industrious  and  enterprising 
business  man,  of  unimpeachable  integrity,  possessing  the  confidence  of  all 
who  have  any  dealing  with  him. 

SAMUEL  BIGGERSTAFF, 

engineer  and  saw-mill  operator,  Dover  P.  O.  Was  born  in  Monroe  Co., 
Ky.,  Aug.  15,  1824.  Soon  after  his  birth  his  parents  moved  to  Cumberland 
county  aud  located  on  a  farm,  upon  which  the  young  man  grew  to  man- 
hood. Obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  that  county.  In 
1846  he  came  to  Clinton  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  lived  until  1851,  when  he 
came  to  this  county,  where  he  has  resided  since,  engaged  in  engineering 
and  operating  a  saw-mill  which  he  owns,  it  being  the  first  mill  with  a  cir- 
cular-saw apparatus  ever  brought  into  the  count)'.  July  19,  1844,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Hizia  Hill,  of  whom  he  was  bereaved  after  seventeen 
short  months  of  wedded  happiness.  In  1847,  July  18,  he  was  again  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  M.  J.  Beck,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  five  of 


538  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

whom  are  now  living — Asa  W.,  John  M.,  Thomas  J.,  Catherine  B.  and 
Ottie  L.  For  the  second  time  he  was  called  upon  to  mourn  the  loss  of  a 
wife,  she  being  thrown  from  a  carriage  while  out  riding,  from  the  effects 
of  which  she  shortly  afterwards  died.  Nov.  20,  1869,  he  was  married  to 
Mrs.  E.  J.  Inman,  of  this  county.  By  this  union  he  has  one  child — Willie. 
Mr.  B.  has  been  a  resident  of  this  county  for  a  number  of  years,  and  is 
closely  identified  with  its  interests.  Is  a  man  of  liberal  views,  clear  headed 
and  of  good  judgment. 

JOHN  B.  BURBRIDGE, 

retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Dover.  Born  in  Clark  county,  Kentucky,  March 
10,  1826.  Was  educated  at  the  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  from  which  he  graduated,  in  about  the  year  1847.  Aiter 
graduating,  he  removed  to  Garrett  county,  where  he  practiced  medicine 
for  one  year.  From  thence,  he  went  to  Shelby  county,  and  engaged  in 
farming,  which  occupation  he  followed  until  December  of  1850,  when  he 
came  to  this  state  and  county,  and  located  upon  a  farm,  which  he  culti- 
vated until  a  short  time  since,  when  he  retired  from  active  life,  and  is  now 
residing  about  one-half  mile  west  of  Dover,  enjoying  the  fruit  of  many 
years  of  unremitted  toil.  In  1848,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  E. 
O.  Buchanan,  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  a  relative  of  ex-President  Buchanan. 
By  this  marriage  he  had  four  children:  Mary,  Elizabeth  D.,  Sallie  M., 
Emma  B.  His  wife  dying,  he  was  married  again,  to  Miss  Emma  A. 
Hilliard,  of  Lafayette  county.  Mr.  B.  has  long  been  a  resident  of  this 
county;  is  a  man  of  strict  integrity,  and  unimpeachable  character;  ready 
with  money  and  counsel  to  further  the  development  and  progress  of  the 
natural  resources  of  the  county  of  his  adoption. 

N.  A.  SHORES, 

blacksmith,  P.  O.  Dover.  Is  a  native  of  Illinois;  born  in  St.  Clair  county, 
September  24,  184S.  His  father  being  dead,  his  mother  moved  to  Cum- 
berland county,  Illinois,  when  he  was  quite  small.  He  lived  with  his 
grandfather  until  he  was  nine  years  of  age.  His  grandfather  dying,  he 
was  thrown,  at  this  early  age  upon  the  cold  charities  of  an  unfeeling 
world,  with  no  resources  but  his  own  unaided  exertions,  to  keep  him  from 
want  and  misery.  Being  active  and  intelligent,  and  willing  to  work,  he 
succeeded  in  maintaining  himself  comfortably,  until  the  year  1S62,  when 
he  enlisted  as  drummer  boy  in  the  Sixty-first  Illinois  infantry.  He,  how- 
ever, shouldered  a  musket,  and  entered  the  ranks  with  the  rest,  partici- 
pating in  the  following  battles,  in  which  he  carried  himself  with  the  bear- 
ing of  a  veteran:  Vicksburg,  Fort  Donelson,  Little  Rock,  Helena,  and 
other  minor  engagements.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was  mustered  out, 
wearing  the  shoulder-straps  of  a  first  lieutenant,  having,  by  meritorious  con- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  539 

duct,  risen  from  the  post  of  drummer  boy  to  that  of  the  second  in  com- 
mand of  a  company.  Returning  home,  he  worked  with  his  uncle,  at 
the  blacksmith's  trade,  for  a  short  time,  after  which  he  went  to  California, 
where  he  spent  ten  years,  traveling  about  and  engaging  in  various  occu- 
pations. In  the  summer  of  1880,  he  returned  to  Higginsville,  engaging  in 
the  restaurant  business,  until  fall,  when  he  went  to  Dover,  where  he  now 
resides,  working  at  his  trade. 

DR.  E.  R.  MING, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  Dr.  is  a  native  of  Missouri; 
born  in  Callaway  county  March  13th,  1849.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Virginia;  born  March  13th,  1813.  Came  to  Missouri  at  an  early  da v, 
locating  in  Callaway  county.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Elmira  Harrison, 
a  resident  of  Boone  county,  Missouri,  and  a  native  of  the  same.  Their 
nuptials  were  celebrated  in  1846.  Seven  children  were  born  to  them, 
as  follows:  John  W.,  Edwin  R.,  Bettie  T.,  Laura  E.,  Annie  M.,  V.  Lee 
and  J.  Samuel.  In  1853,  when  E.  R.  was  four  years  of  age,  the  family 
moved  to  this  county  and  located  at  Dover,  where  his  father,  being  a 
physician,  opened  an  office  and  pursued  a  successful  practice.  He  after- 
wards opened  a  drug  store,  which,  with  the  aid  of  E.  R.,  he  operated  in 
connection  with  his  other  duties.  The  old  gentleman  died  Oct  6th,  1880. 
Mrs.  Ming  is  still  living  in  Dover.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  raised 
and  educated  primarily  in  this  county.  In  1874  he  entered  the  Missouri 
Medical  College  at  St.  Louis,  from  which  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of 
1876,  acquitting  himself  with  high  honors.  Since  then  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  and  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Dover  and 
vicinity.  The  Dr.  is  a  finished  scholar  and  a  genial  gentleman,  eminently 
worthy  of  the  liberal  patronage  accorded  him  by  an  admiring  community. 
While  applying  himself  closely  to  private  affairs,  he  is  not  unmindful  of 
public  interests,  and  by  his  clear  and  logical  analysis  of  cause  and  effect, 
and  keen  insight  into  the  true  inwardness  of  any  enterprise,  great  or  small, 
has  contributed  largely  to  the  welfare  of  the  county  generally. 

G.  E.  DICKSON, 

farmer  and  stock  raiser,  P.  O.  Dover.  Born  in  Lincoln  county,  Ky., 
April  5th,  1832.  His  parents  left  Kentucky  in  1838  and  came  to  Missouri, 
spending  one  year  in  Cooper  county  and  then  in  '39  coming  to  Lafayette 
county,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated,  partially,  attending 
school  for  a  time  at  Sweet  Springs,  Saline  county.  Was  engaged  in 
farming  until  1854,  when  he  went  to  California,  where  he  remained  for 
five  years,  engaged  in  stock  trading.  Came  back  to  Missouri  in  1859 — 
remained  until  '61,  and  returned  to  California.  He  remained  there  three 
years  and  then  went  to  Idaho   and   stopped   two   years   there.      Again 


540  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

returning  to  Lafayette  county,  he  settled  upon  a  fine  farm  of  920  acres, 
where  he  now  resides,  engaged  in  its  cultivation;  also  giving  special  atten- 
tion to  raising  stock.  Mr.  Dickson  is  an  intelligent,  progressive,  farmer;  a 
man  who  believes  that  a  mere  knowledge  of  how  to  plough  and  sow  does 
not  constitute  all  of  the  requirements  of  a  first-class  husbandman.  A 
glance  at  his  well  appointed  farm  and  plentiful  crops  will  show  at  once  that 
he  combines  reading  and  observation  with  his  experience.  In  1868  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Laura  Brown,  of  Lincoln  county,  Ky. 
Three  children  were  born  to  them,  named  as  follows:  William,  Nora 
Belle  and  Joshua  B.  Mr.  Dickson,  ,Sr.,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky;  born  in 
1797.  He  is  still  living  in  this  county  and  enjoys  good  health  for  an 
octogenarian. 

F.  H.  BRAY, 

machinist.  P.  O.  Waverly.  Is  a  native  of  Christian  county,  Missouri; 
born  July  9,  1845.  Was  educated  at  the  Ozark  Normal  Institute,  where 
he  was  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  He  then  enlisted  for  one  year  in 
the  confederate  army  under  Gen  Price.  Fought  in  all  the  battles  of  Cor- 
inth, and  at  the  fall  of  Vicksburg.  Was  then  transferred  to  the  west  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Saline  river,  which  was 
the  last  of  any  note.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  the  family  moved  to  this 
county,  where  they  have  since  resided.  Mr.  Bray  learned  his  trade  of 
his  father.  Since  settling  in  this  county,  he  has  been  engaged  principally 
in  smithing  and  farming  upon  a  small  scale.  He  also  owns  the  largest 
steam  thresher  in  the  county,  which  he  operates  during  the  season.  July 
9,  1866,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  N.  C.  Weedin,  of  this  county. 
They  have  one  child :  Miles  Edwin.  His  wife  dying,  he  *vas  married  the 
second  time  to  Miss  M.  E.  Love,  also  of  this  county.  By  this  union  he 
has  also  one  child,  named  Harris  Leslie.  His  father  was  a  native  of  N. 
Carolina,  and  came  to  Mo.  in  1844.  The  place  of  his  residence  is  called 
Braytown,  in  honor  of  his  family.  Mr.  Bray  has  been  a  resident  of  this 
county  for  several  years,  and  its  development  bears  the  impress  of  his 
good  judgment  and  active  co-operation. 

B.  F.  CORBIN, 

farmer.  P.  O.  Corder.  Born  in  Rappahannock  county,  Va.,  January  24, 
1822.  Was  educated  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  state.  Septem- 
ber 7,  1851,  he  came  to  Mo.;  stopping  one  year  in  Howard  count}--,  then 
coming  to  this  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  settling  in  1854,  upon 
the  farm  he  occupies  at  the  present  time.  It  consists  of  165  acres  of  well 
improved  farm  land,  and  bears  the  impress  of  an  experienced  hand  in  all 
its  belongings.  August  18,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army, 
under  Gen.  Shelby.     Fought  in   the  battles    of  Lexington,    Springfield, 


.     1 


NJ 


x2^^^y 


^/V  &  ~y#^^7>^z^ 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  541 

Prairie  Grove,  Hartsville,  Helena,  Pine  Bluffs,  Marks  Mills,  Cape  Girar- 
deau, Westport,  Newtonia,  besides  other  minor  engagements.  Was  hon- 
orably discharged  at  Shreveport,  in  June  1865.  Was  never  wounded,  but 
had  his  gun  shot  from  his  hands,  twice.  Mr.  Corbin  was  first  married, 
December  24,  1844,  to  Miss  Francis  M.  Miller,  of  Va.  They  became 
parents  of  six  children,  named  respectively  as  follows:  Francis  E.,  Henry, 
James  W.,  Lula,  Richard  L.,  and  Miller  J.  Mrs.  Corbin  dying,  he  was 
married  again  to  Miss  C.  E.  Carrolton,  of  this  county,  a  native  of  Alabama. 
This  union  is  blessed  with  five  children:  Estella,  Bennie  E.,  Mary  A., 
Paulina  and  Mecham.  Mr.  Corbin  deals  considerably  in  stock.  He  is  a 
man  of  strict  integrity  and  good  business  habits.  Is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial citizens  of  the  county,  honored  by  all. 

HARRISON  STEELE, 

farmer.  P.  O.  Dover.  The  subject  of  the  following  is  a  native  of  this 
state  and  county,  and  was  born  on  the  8th  of  October,  1849.  Was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  of  this  county,  and  has  always  followed  the 
independent  life  of  a  farmer.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Pa.,  and  came 
to  Missouri  in  1838,  settling  in  this  county,  where  he  died,  his  wife  and 
five  children  surviving  him.  Mr.  Steele  has  been  identified  with  the  inter- 
ests of  the  county  all  his  life,  and  is  a  young  man  of  worth,  taking  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs. 

HENRY  L.  CORBIN, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Dover.  Is  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  in  Rappahannock 
county,  June  12,  1845.  His  father  moved  to  Missouri  in  1851,  and  to  this 
county  in  1852,  of  which  Henry,  our  subject,  has  ever  since  been  a  resi- 
dent, with  the  exception  of  nine  months  spent  in  the  army.  Has  always 
been  engaged  in  farming.  In  October,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  confederate 
army,  Col.  Gordon's  regiment,  company  C,  Gen.  Shelby's  brigade.  Was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Westport,  Cane  Hill,  and  several  other  engage- 
ments of  less  note.  Was  honorably  discharged  at  Shreveport,  in  June, 
1865.  He  then  returned  to  this  county,  making  the  trip  from  Shreve- 
port to  Waverly  by  water.  June  10,  1869,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Mary  Potter,  of  this  county;  six  children  were  born  to  them,  named 
as  follows:  Willie  F.,  Thomas  C,  Ottie  M.,  Henry,  Edward  and  Sallie. 
Mr.  C.  owns  a  fine  farm  of  250  acres,  upon  which  is  built  a  handsome 
residence,  and  substantial  outhouses.  It  is  under  a  high  degree  of 
improvement,  showing  substantial  evidence  of  the  practical  knowledge 
and  enterprise  of  its  owner, 
v 


542  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

J.  A.  JEFFRIES, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born  in  Fauquier 
county,  Virginia,  April  14,  1839.  Was  educated  in  his  native  state  and 
came  to  Missouri  at  the  age  oL  19,  and  settled  in  this  county,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  the  greater  part  of  the  time.  In  May,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
the  confederate  army  under  Gen.  Shelby,  Col.  Gordon's  regiment,  com- 
pany A.  Participated  in  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Springfield,  Newtonia, 
Marks  Mills,  Marshall  raid,  Helena,  Little  Rock,  and  many  other  minor 
engagements.  Left  the  service  at  Corsicana,  Texas,  he,  like  many  others, 
never  having  been  regularly  discharged.  He  then  went  to  Mexico,  where 
he  remained  ten  or  eleven  months,  engaged  in  farming.  From  thence  he 
went  to  California  and  engaged  in  the  same  occupation  there  for  about  the 
same  length  of  time.  He  then  went  to  Virginia  where  he  remained  for  a 
short  time  and  then  came  back  to  this  county.  In  1873,  was  married  to 
Miss  Sallie  J.  Dickson,  of:  this  county.  They  have  four  children:  Mar- 
garet, Emma,  Lizzie,  Sallie. 

N.  F.  FOX, 

farmer  and  miller,  P.  O.  Dover;  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county;  born 
July  1,  1827;  has  always  been^  resident  of  Dover  township.  Was  raised 
on  a  farm  and  educated  in  this  county.  In  1855  he  went  into  the  milling 
business,  operating  a  saw-mill,  in  partnership  with  Samuel  Biggerstaff, 
situated  three-fourths  of  a  mile  east  of  Dover.  In  September,  1862,  he 
enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  under  Shelby,  Gordon's  regiment,  com- 
pany B;  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Newtonia,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  thigh.  Was  taken  prisoner  about  the  LSth  of  October, 
1862,  and  taken  to  St.  Louis.  From  there  he  was  taken  to  Alton,  where 
he  remained  until  June,  1863,  when  he  was  exchanged  and  ordered  to  the 
east,  arriving  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  the  last  of  June,  and  joining  the  com- 
mand of  Gen.  Forrest,  was  engaged  in  several  skirmishes  and  was  again 
captured  at  Penola,  Mississippi,  February,  1864.  He  was  taken  to  Spring- 
field and  there  took  the  oath  and  returned  home.  In  1848,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Sarah  E.  McCool,  of  this  county.  Their  union  is  blessed 
with  five  children,  as  follows:  Sarah  E.,  Susan  A.,  Wm.  N.,  Delia  R., 
and  Robert  E.  Mr.  Fox  is  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  war,  having  served 
for  one  year  under  Col.  Easton.  He  has  a  good  record  as  a  soldier  and  is 
a  citizen  of  worth  and  merit,  respected  by  all. 

CAPT.  R.  TODHUNTER, 

breeder  of  blooded  stock,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  captain  is  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, born  in  Jessamine  county,  February  10,  1841;  was  educated  at  the 
Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  attending  during  the 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  543 

four  years  of  '57  and  '60,  inclusive.  Shortly  after  leaving  school,  he 
enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  under  Gen.  Churchill.  Was  commis- 
sioned captain  and  assistant-adjutant  general,  in  1863,  January  16.  Served 
in  that  capacity  over  Ector's  Texas  brigade,  during  the  remainder  of  the 
war.  Was  in  all  of  the  engagements  participated  in  by  the  commands  of 
Hood,  Johnson  and  Bragg.  Was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Mur- 
freesborough,  being  shot  through  the  left  breast,  also  received  a  builet  in 
the  leg  at  Chickamauga,  and  one  in  the  neck  at  Nashville.  A  colonel's 
commission  was  given  him,  with  permission  to  raise  a  regiment  of  super- 
numery  officers,  (whose  commands  had  become  depleted  by  the  casualties 
of  war)  which  was  nearly  completed  when  the  war  closed.  He  surren- 
dered under  Gen.  Taylor,  at  Meridiana,  Mississippi,  in  April,  1865.  By 
special  permission  of  the  officers  in  charge  of  the  surrender,  he  was 
paroled  as  assistant-adjutant  general  of  the  brigade  with  which  he  served. 
He  then  went  to  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  five  years  and  then  came 
to  this  county,  of  which  he  has  since  been  resident,  engaged  in  breeding 
fine  stock.  In  June,  1874,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Annie  Neill, 
of  Lexington,  Missouri.  They  have  had  two  children,  one  now  living, 
viz:  Neill,  a  fine  boy  of  four  years  of  age.  The  deceased  one  was  named 
Jennie;  born  in  April,  1875,  and  died  in  July,  1880.  The  captain  in  his 
attempt  to  improve  the  stock  in  this  vicinity,  deserves  the  hearty  co-op- 
eration of  all  interested.  He  handles  short  horns,  and  trotting  horses  rep- 
resenting many  different  breeds. 

JAMES  H.  CATHER, 

farmer  and  school  teacher;  P.  O.  Dover.  Was  born  in  West  Virginia, 
Taylor  county,  November  20,  1849.  Lived  there,  attending  school  when 
he  became  of  the  proper  age,  until  1866,  when  he  came  to  this  state, 
locating,  first,  in  Knox  county,  where  he  attended  school  one  year;  going 
from  thence  to  Chariton  county,  and  entering  the  Brunswick  seminary, 
which  he  also  attended  one  year.  He  then  went  to  Lexington,  then  to 
Dover,  where  he  attend  school  for  five  years.  After  leaving  school  he 
engaged  in  teaching,  which  occupation  he  has  alternated  with  farming 
ever  since — teaching  during  fall  and  winter,  and  cultivating  his  farm  during 
summer.  January  27,  1875,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Emma  E.  Fulkerson, 
of  this  county;  a  native  of  Virginia.  Their  union  is  blessed  with  three 
children:  Louiana,  Ernest,  and  Amanda.  Mr.  Cather  is  living  on  a  well 
cultivated  farm  of  85  acres,  which,  with  all  the  property  he  now  possesses, 
he  has  acquired  by  his  own  unaided  exertions.  He  has  always  taught  in 
this  county,  and  during  the  last  three  years  has  taught  the  school  situated 
one  mile  east  of  Dover,  which  fact  argues  well  with  his  success  as  a 
teacher.  During  the  latter  part  of  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  teaming, 
between  Webster  and  Beverly.     He  is  an  active,  energetic  business  man; 


544  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

successful  in  whatever  he  undertakes;  being  so,  probably,  because  he 
engages  in  no  enterprise  without  first  carefully  weighing  the  reasons,  -pro 
and  con,  and  subjecting  them  to  the  critical  analysis  of  his  well  balanced 
judgment. 

GRANVILLE  K.  CAMPBELL, 

faamer,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Alabama; 
born  at  Huntsville,  June  22,  1823.  His  parents,  James  and  Ann  Elizabeth 
Campbell,  were  formerly  residents  of  Lafayette  county,  moving  to  Ala- 
bama in  about  1818  or  '19.  In  1834  the  family  returned  to  this  county, 
locating  upon  a  farm  in  Lexington  township,  where  Granville  passed  his 
youth  in  a  manner  common  to  farmer  boys;  attending  school  in  winter 
and  working  on  the  farm  in  summer.  In  1849,  October  3,  he  married  his 
first  wife,  Miss  Louise  J.  Walker.  By  this  marriage  they  had  five  boys: 
Samuel  W.,  James  H.,  Robert  Lee,  Hiram  Farris,  and  Ion  Granville, 
(deceased).  Mrs.  Campbell  died  July  9, 1865.  In  1853  Mr.  C.  purchased 
the  splendid  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  515  acres  of 
land,  which  in  its  advanced  state  of  cultivation,  and  comfortable  and  con- 
venient buildings  and  improvements,  shows  that  a  man  of  broad  views 
and  practical  experience  is  at  the  helm.  June  5,  1866,  he  married  for  his 
second  wife,  Mrs.  Maria  Johnson,  nee  Hockensmith.  The  fruit  of  this 
union  is  one  son:  Alexander  B.  Mr.  Campbell  took  no  active  part  in  the 
late  war,  remaining  at  home  during  the  greater  part  of  the  time,  engaged 
in  the  cultivation  of  his  farm.  By  his  steady  application  and  industrious 
efforts,  he  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  considerable  wealth,  which  he 
uses  in  a  manner  calculated,  according  to  his  judgment,  to  produce  the 
greatest  good  to  the  largest  number.  He  has  started  three  of  his  sons 
in  business,  having  given  to  each  a  fine  farm.  He  has  also  taken  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs,  and  to  him  the  county  is  indebted  in  a  great 
measure,  for  its  present  advanced  stage  of  prosperity. 

W.  H.  CARTER, 

farmer  and  stock  raiser,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  subject  of  this  brief  sketch, 
one  of  the  influential  citizens  of  the  county,  was  born  January  30,  1842, 
and  is  a  native  of  Richmond,  Virginia.  His  father,  having  made  several 
trips  through  the  west,  and  being  pleased  with  the  country,  made  prepara- 
tions for  removing  his  family  thither,  but  died  in  January,  1849,  before 
accomplishing  his  object.  His  mother,  however  completed  the  prepara- 
tions and  moved  to  this  state,  November  5, 1848,  locating  on  a  farm,  where 
our  subject  passed  his  boyhood — attending  the  high  school  at  Dover  for 
several  years.  In  1864  he  entered  Bethany  college,  remaining  there  two 
years.  He  then  spent  the  same  length  of  time  in  the  Kentucky  university, 
at  Lexington,  Kentucky.     Returning  to  Lafayette  county  he  taught  school 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  545 

for  six  or  seven  years,  the  most  of  the  time  at  Dover.  Since  then  he  has 
been  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Ada  B.  Campbell,  daughter  of  Robert  Campbell,  of  this  county, 
Dec.  20,  1866.  Four  children  are  the  fruit  of  their  union:  Jennie,  Ollie, 
Kenneth,  and  Byron.  In  November,  1880,  he  was  elected  to  represent  the 
eastern  district  of  this  county,  in  the  state  legislature;  was  the  democratic 
candidate  and  was  elected  by  a  large  majority,  without  any  effort  on  his 
part;  showing  his  popularity  among  the  voters  of  his  district.  With  such 
men  as  Mr.  Carter  in  the  legislature,  the  people  may  rest  assured  that 
public  affairs  will  be  administered  upon  a  basis  of  right  and  justice. 

WILLIAM  KIRTLEY, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  parents  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  were 
native  Virginians,  who  went  to  Boone  county,  Kentucky,  at  an  early  day, 
where  Wm.  was  born,  October  28,  1812.  Was  raised  and  educated  in  his 
native  state.  In  1837  he  came  to  Missouri  on  a  prospecting  tour,  and 
being  prepossessed  with  the  country  moved  there  in  1844,  settling  in 
Lafayette  county,  Dover  township,  where  he  purchased  land  and  opened 
up  a  farm.  In  1856  he  built  a  fine,  large,  brick  residence.  August  27, 
1832,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  E.  Shelby,  of  Charlestown,  Indi- 
ana, a  distant  relative  of  Gen.  Jo  Shelby  of  this  county.  By  this  union 
they  have  seven  children,  namely:  Elijah  B.,  Gustavus  A.,  James  B., 
Richard  B.,  Charles  C,  (named  after  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  Mary- 
land, one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence),  Dora  M., 
Montie  M.  In  1831  while  making  a  trip  from  Cincinnati,  to  the  south,  via. 
the  river,  engaged  in  shipping  stock,  a  causualty  happened,  which  came 
near  being  serious.  When  near  New  Madrid  the  boat  struck  upon  a  snag 
and  instantly  filling,  all  came  near  being  drowned.  By  prompt  action, 
however,  all  were  rescued.  While  on  his  return  trip  from  Missouri,  an 
opportunity  was  offered  him  to  purchase  a  tract  of  land  at  $10  per  acre, 
which  is  now  worth  $500  per  acre.  As  he  had  already  bought  in  Lafay- 
ette county,  he  declined,  thereby  making,  as  he  expressed  it,  "  the  greatest 
mistake  of  his  life."  Mr.  Kirtley  is  an  energetic,  enterprising  business 
man;  one  who  does  not  sit  down  to  "cry  over  spilt  milk,"  but  immedi- 
ately goes  to  work  and  rectifies  a  mistake,  as  far  as  possible  when  one  is 
made. 

E.  BEE  SMALL, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Dover.  Was  born  September  18,  1861,  in  Wood  county, 
West  Virginia.  Was  raised  and  educated  there.  His  father  being  pro- 
prietor of  a  hotel  in  Lubeck,  he  was  engaged  in  that  for  a  time,  acting  in 
the  capacity  of  clerk.  He  spent  two  years  in  Oxford,  Dodridge  county, 
clerking  for  a  merchant  of  that  place,  named  Ephraim  Bee.     He  then 


546  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

returned  home  and  worked  on  a  farm  for  a  time.  In  December,  IS 79,  he 
came  to  this  state  and  count}-,  stopping  at  first  in  Higginsville,  working 
for  different  parties,  finally  locating  at  Dover,  where  he  is  now  employed 
learning  the  tinner's  trade.  His  father  is  a  native  of  California,  going  to 
Virginia  when  a  young  man.  Mr.  Small  is  an  industrious,  energetic 
young  man,  of  strict  integrity,  possessing  the  entire  confidence  of  his 
employers  and  acquaintances. 

GEORGE  W.  GARR, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Dover.  Is  a  native  of  Virginia,  Madison,  county,  born 
May  4,  1S27.  Was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools. 
May  17,  1850,  he  came  to  Missouri,  locating  in  Lafayette  county,  and 
engaging  at  carpentering,  which  trade  he  had  learned  before  leaving  Vir- 
ginia, and  which  he  followed  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  In  July, 
1862,  he  enlisted  in  Col.  Gordon's  regiment,  company  B,  under  General 
Shelbv.  Entered  as  private  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Carthage, 
Little  Rock,  Prairie  Grove,  Helena,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  shoul- 
der and  arm,  but  not  seriously.  Was  also  wounded  at  Clarendon  bv  a 
ball  passing  through  the  arm,  and  breaking  one  of  the  bones  in  the  wrists 
At  Westport  he  was  struck  by  a  ball  which  he  now  has  in  his  possession. 
His  horse  was  killed  in  same  battle,  he  making  a  very  narrow  escape. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  went  to  Mexico  with  Shelbv  and  has  never 
been  regularlv  discharged.  July  4,  1S65,  he  left  Mexico  for  home,  arriv- 
ing there  the  last  of  the  month.  In  August,  1865,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Mary  A.  Slusher,  daughter  of  Thomas  Slusher.  Their 
union  is  blessed  with  three  children,  viz:  Alice  M.,  Alberta,  Wm.  Willis. 
Mr.  Garr  built  one  of  the  first  houses  on  the  Petitesaw  Plains.  Is  now 
engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  state,  consist- 
ing of  600  acres. 

LEWIS  W.  WERNWAY, 

stock  and  grain  dealer,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Was  born  in  Nicholas  County, 
Ky.,  July  20,  1S36.  Is  the  oldest  son  of  Thomas  D.  The  family  moved 
from  Kentucky  in  1S44,  and  settled  in  Ray  County,  near  Richmond,  upon 
a  farm,  where  Lewis  grew  to  manhood.  He  then  engaged  as  book- 
keeper for  the  firm  of  Gratz  &  Shelby,  with  whom  he  remained  until  1857, 
when  he  left  them  and  engaged  as  clerk  on  one  of  the  large  steamers, 
then  plying  on  the  Missouri  River  from  St.  Louis  to  St.  Joseph,  in  which 
capacity  he  remained  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  He  then  entered 
the  confederate  service  as  2d  Lieutenant  in  Col.  Grave's  Regiment. 
Fought  in  all  of  the  engagements  in  which  his  command  was  engaged  up 
to  1S63,  when-he  was  discharged  at  Tupelo,  Miss.  Was  married  to  Miss 
LUC3-  A.  Thompson,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  May,  1S66.     By  this  marriage 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  547 

they  have  three  children,  viz.:  William,  born  the  11th  of  March,  1867; 
Lewis,  born  July  11, 1869;  John,  born  July  13,  1871.  Since  the  war,  mat- 
ters being  somewhat  unsettled,  he  has  been  engaged  in  buying  and  ship- 
ping stock  and  grain,  while  his  family  remain  upon  his  farm,  which  is  situ- 
ated in  Dover  township,  about  half  way  between   Dover  and  Lexington. 

JAMES  L.WARREN, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Higginsville.  Son  of  John  Warren;  was  born  in  this  state 
and  county,  Dover  Township,  October  1,  1S39.  His  grandfather,  Martin 
Warren,  a  pioneer  of  three  states,  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri,  was 
in  the  revolutionary  war  under  Washington,  and  is  mentioned  in  Red- 
path's  history  of  the  United  States.  The  town  of  Warrensburg  is  named 
for  him.  James,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was, reared  in  this  county,  his 
principal  occupation  being  farming.  Took  no  part  in  the  civil  war.  Taught 
school  a  part  of  the  time,  and  in  1S64  went  to  Nebraska  for  a  short  time. 
A  brother,  belonging  to  Col.  Elliott's  Regiment,  was  captured  and  died  in 
prison.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  located  upon  the  farm,  where  he  now 
resides,  engaged  in  its  cultivation.  Jul)7  18,  1862,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Anna  Watson.  They  are  parents  of  eight  children,  four 
boys  and  four  girls,  all  living.  Mr.  Warren  and  wife  are  members,  in 
good  standing,  of  the  Christian  church.  A  native  of  this  county,  Mr. 
Warren  points  with  pride  to  the  evidences  of  its  progress,  and  feels  the 
satisfaction  of  having  done  his  share  towards  the  accomplishment  of  its 
present  stage  of  prosperity. 

JOSEPH  H.PAGE, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Page  City.  Born  in  Warren  County,  Ky.,  April  16,  1813. 
Came  with  his  father  and  family  to  Lafayette  County  in  1827.  They 
traveled  the  whole  distance  in  wagons,  which  contained  all  their  worldly 
possessions.  Lived  in  the  wagons  until  they  succeeded  in  erecting  some 
cabins  sufficient  for  their  protection,  which  were  located  within  a  few  rods 
of  his  present  residence.  Here  he  lived  the  life  of  a  pioneer  in  the  full 
sense  of  the  word.  In  1830  he  went  to  Fort  Gibson,  in  Cherokee  Nation, 
where  he  worked  eleven  months,  clothing  himself,  and  saving  the  sum  of 
$60  out  of  his  wages,  which  he  sent  to  his  father.  In  1835  he  again  went 
to  the  Cherokee  Nation,  and  returned  at  the  end  of  six  months  after 
experiencing  many  privations,  with  $150.  In  1836,  January  7,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Couts,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born 
September  5,  1819,  and  who  is  still  enjoying  gook  health;  able  to  do  her 
own  work.  When  first  married  they  commenced  housekeeping  in  a  man- 
ner consistent  with  their  means,  thereby  escaping  the  trials  incident  to  the 
lives  of  young  married  couples,  who  desire  to  make  a  showing  which 
their  income  will  not  warrant.     They  lived  in  a  little  cabin  with  simple 


548  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

furniture,  Mr.  Page  making  his  own  table  out  of  a  plank,  caught  in  a 
drift,  in  Little  Tebo.  Mrs.  Page's  dowry  consisted  of  a  cow,  a  calf,  and 
a  bedstead.  Comfortably  situated  as  they  are  now,  surrounded  by  all  of 
the  comforts  and  many  of  the  luxuries  of  life,  the  aged  couple  may  review 
their  past  experiences  with  complacency,  and  point  with  pride  to  their 
luxurious  home,  acquired  by  their  own  unaided  efforts  and  unremitting 
economy.  They  are  parents  of  fifteen  children,  twelve  of  whom  are  now 
living.  Two  died  in  infancy,  and  the  other  at  the  age  of  22.  All  live  in 
this  state.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Page  are  members  of  the  Reformed  church. 
Mr,  P.  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  Lexington  Lodge.  The  farm 
upon  which  Mr.  P.  resides  is  a  fine  one,  with  all  the  necessary  improve- 
ments in  the  way  of  buildings,  machinery,  orchards,  etc.  One  apple  tree 
in  his  orchard  measures  nine  feet  in  circumference.  Probably  Mr.  Page 
has  done  more  than  any  other  one  man,  towards  developing  the  resources 
of  this  county.  Active  and  energetic,  he  is  always  on  the  alert  and  ready 
to  put  his  shoulder  to  the  wheel  in  the  prosecution  of  any  enterprise  which 
meets  with  the  approbation  of  his  well  matured  judgment. 

GEGRGE  W.  CORDER. 

Mr.  Corder  is  a  native  of  Rappahannock  county,  Va.,.  born  March  5, 
1828.  His  parents  moved  to  Lafayette  county  in  the  spring  of  1839.  Mr. 
C.  has  since  been  a  resident  of  this  county,  obtaining  his  education  princi- 
pally in  Lexington,  Mo.  Has  always  lived  upon  and  operated  the  farm 
which  his  father  entered  in  1839.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Missouri 
State  Guards,  under  Shelby.  He  served  six  months  in  the  M.  S.  G.  and 
then  enlisted  in  the  regular  service,  joining  company  C,  Col.  Gordon's 
regiment.  Was  engaged  at  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  and 
quite  a  number  of  others  of  less  note.  Was  honorably  discharged  at 
Shreveport,  in  June,  1865.  He  went  through  the  service  without  receiv- 
ing a  scratch,  although  having  several  bullet  holes  in  his  coat,  and  also 
having  several  horses  shot  under  him.  In  1853,  he  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Wall,  of  Henry  county,  Mo.  Six  children  were  born  to  them,  as  fol- 
lows: Wm.  M.,  Nathan,  Rovella  A.,  Robertie  Lee,  Bettie  and  George. 
In  1878,  Mr.  Corder  platted  and  laid  out  the  town  of  Corder,  which  the 
railroad  company  named  in  his  honor.  Is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A. 
M.,  Higginsville  Lodge,  No.  364;  also  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.,  Corder 
Lodge.  Is  also  a  memher  of  the  M.  E.  church,  south,  of  Dover.  Post- 
office,  Corder. 

GEORGE  NEITHERCUT. 

Mr.  N.  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  was  born  in  Lee  county,  October 
22,  1829.  His  parents  and  family  moved  to  Castor  county,  Ky.,  about 
the  year  1841,  where  he  was  educated.     After  reaching  his  majority,  he 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  549 

engaged  in  farming,  which  he  followed  until  the  spring  of  1858,  when  he 
traveled  towards  the  setting  sun  and  settled  for  a  time  in  Jasper  county, 
Mo.,  engaged  in  farming  and  carpentering,  having  learned  the  trade  while 
in  Kentucky.  In  1863,  he  went  to  Nebraska  City,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  wagon  making  for  two  years.  He  then  came  to  Saline  county,  Mo., 
stopping  at  Elmwood,  where  he  followed  same  business  until  1868,  when 
he  came  to  Lafayette  county  and  purchased  a  farm  of  125  acres,  in  Mid- 
dleton  township,  which  he  still  owns.  He  operated  this  farm  until  1879, 
when  he  removed  to  Corder  and  engaged  in  a  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness, which  he  has  followed  since.  He  carries  a  good  stock  and  has  a 
fine  trade.  Was  first  married  in  1850,  to  Miss  Sarah  Cornutte,  of  Lawr- 
rence  county,  Ky.  Eight  children  were  born  to  them,  viz:  Rebecca, 
Jordon,  Martha,  William,  Alice,  Bettie,  George  and  Marvin.  Jordon  is 
living  in  Nebraska,  engaged  in  the  cattle  business.  Mr.  N.  is  a  worthy 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Brownsville  Lodge,  No.  217.  Is  also  a 
member  of  the  M.  E.  church,  south,  of  Dover.  His  wife  died  in  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  and  Nov.  1,  1877,  he  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Feehrer,  of  Clarke 
county,  Va.     This  union  is  blessed  with  one  child. 

CHARLES  KNIPMEYER. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  was  born  in  War- 
ren county,  April  8,  1860.  Was  educated  at  the  Central  Wesleyan  Col- 
lege, at  Warrenton.  In  1874,  he  went  to  Higginsville,  and  there  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  with  his  brother.  Was  also  engaged  with  M. 
E.  Keller,  at  Lexington,  in  the  dry  goods  and  clothing  business  for  a  time, 
and  afterwards  again  at  Higginsville.  He  next  went  to  St.  Louis  and 
engaged  as  traveling  saleman,  for  the  wholesale  grocery  firm  of  S.  B. 
Sale  &  Co.,  with  whom  he  remained  for  one  year.  He  then  purchased 
his  brother's  interest  in  a  store  at  Corder,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  that  place.  Has  a  large  and  well 
assorted  stock  and  an  excellent  trade.  December  26,  1880,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Rosie  M.  Grow,  of  Higginsville,  Mo. 

H.  F.  KLEINSCHMIDT. 

Mr.  K.  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  St.  Louis,  Dec.  3,  1856.  Was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Louis,  attending  both  German  and 
English  departments.  After  leaving  school,  he  was  engaged  in  a  hat  and 
cap  store,  with  H.  Knoble,  of  St.  Louis,  for  one  year.  He  then  learned 
the  tinner's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  nine  or  ten  years.  In  August, 
1873,  he  engaged  with  August  Hoevel,  a  stove  and  tinware  dealer,  of  St. 
Louis.  In  1878,  Mr.  H.  sold  out  to  L.  and  F.  Hoevel,  with  whom  Mr. 
K.  remained  six  months,  and  then  went  to  Higginsville,  where  he  and  his 
cousin,  H.  Kleinschmidt,  opened  a  stove  and  tinware  store.     He  remained 


550  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

there  about  three  months,  and  then  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  engaged 
with  the  St.  Louis  Stamping  Company.  In  Nov.  1880,  he  opened  a  store 
at  Corder,  with  a  fine  stock  of  stoves  and  hardware.  At  that  time  the 
firm  was  styled  H.  Kleinschmidt  &  Co.,  but  in  1881,  the  partnership  was 
dissolved  and  Mr.  K.  is  now  sole  owner.  October  6,  1880,  he  married 
Miss  Louise  Rosengarn,  of  St.  Louis.  His  parents  are  natives  of  Prus- 
sia, and  came  to  America  in  about  1850,  coming  directly  to  St.  Louis, 
where  they  are  still  living.     His  father  is  a  salesman  with  R.  Sellew  &  Co. 

LEWIS  CARTHRAE,  M.  D. 

Dr.  C.  is  a  native  of  Missouri;  born  in  Saline  county  Jan.  11,  1845.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Independence  High  School  and  also  spent  one  year 
at  a  commercial  school  in  St.  Louis,  taking  mathematics  and  language  in 
addition  to  the  regular  course.  After  leaving  school  he  was  engaged 
with  Geo.  W.  Wilson  &  Co.,  a  hardware  firm  of  St.  Louis,  and  also  as 
book-keeper  for  the  firm  of  Page  &  Co.  At  the  same  time,  after  business 
hours,  he  read  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  M.  Scott,  and  at  times  attended  lec- 
tures. He  afterwards  entered  the  Missouri  Medical  college  of  St.  Louis, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1872.  During  the  year  previous  to  his 
graduation,  however,  he  had  been  engaged  in  practicing,  and  operating  a 
drug  store  at  Aullville,  this  county.  After  graduating  he  sold  out  at 
Aullville  and  at  once  located  in  the  neighborhood  of  where  Corder  now 
stands,  there  being  no  town  there  at  the  time.  In  the  spring  of  1879  he 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  at  Corder,  the  firm  being  styled  Carthrae  & 
Corder.  In  August,  1862,  Dr.  Carthrae  enlisted  in  Col.  Gordon's  Regi- 
ment, Company  I,  under  Gen.  Shelby.  Participated  in  the  battles  of  Pea 
Ridge,  Helena,  Springfield,  Hartsville  and  all  others  in  which  his  company 
was  engaged.  Was  taken  prisoner  near  Little  Rock,  in  November  1864, 
and  was  held  until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  discharged  in  the  latter  part 
of  May,  1865.  Nov.  16th,  1871,  he  married  Miss  Ella.  Martin,  of  St. 
Louis,  and  a  native  of  Virginia.  Three  children  were  born  to  them,  viz.: 
Lewis,  Walter  and  Edna,  twins.  His  parents  were  formerly  from  Vir- 
ginia, and  came  to  Saline  county,  Mo.,  in  about  1830,  locating  near  Miami. 
Dr.  C.  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  Aullville  Lodge,  No.  464- 
Was  one  of  the  charter  members  and  was  W.  M.  for  seven  years.  Was 
formerly  a  member  of  George  Washington  Lodge  No.  9,  of  St.  Louis. 
The  Dr.  stands  among  the  first  in  his  profession  and  has  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice. 

JOHN  W.     DEAN. 

Mr.  Dean  is  a  native  of  Virginia;  born  in  Clarke  county,  Oct.  10,  1830. 
His  parents  moved  to  Warren  county,  Va.,  when  he  was  quite  young, 
where  he  was  reared  and  educated.      Was  first  married  in  1851  to  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  551 

Sarah  M.  Skinner,  of  Loudon  county,  Va.  Their  union  was  blessed  with 
three  children,  living,  viz.:  Howard,  Sallie  and  Lizzie  M.  In  1857  he 
came  to  Missouri,  stopping  at  Jefferson  City,  where  he  was  engaged  as 
a  building  contractor,  having  followed  same  occupation  before  leaving 
Virginia.  He  contracted  to  build  the  new  addition  to  the  asylum  at  Ful- 
ton, Mo.,  which  was  finished  in  1859.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he 
came  to  Lafayette  county,  Mo.,  and  purchased  a  farm,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  until  1878,  when  he  went  to  Corder 
and  built  the  hotel  known  as  the  Corder  House,  which  he  is  operating  in 
connection  with  his  other  business.  Is  associated  with  L.  W.  Wernway 
in  the  grain  business,  which  firm  has  handled  all  of  the  grain  shipped  from 
Corder,  since  engaging  in  the  business  having  shipped  during  the  last  12 
months  about  75,000  bushels.  His  wife  dying,  he  was  married  again  in 
1S68  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Colborn,  of  Jackson  county,  Mo.  Bv  this  union 
they  have  three  children,  viz.:  John  W.,  Beulah  and  Gertrude.  Mrs. 
Dean  has  occupied  the  position  of  teacher  in  the  Corder  schools  for  the 
past  four  or  five  years,  and  is  re-engaged  for  the  coming  year.  She  is  a 
graduate  from  the  school  at  Independence,  under  Wra.  H.  Lewis,  now  a 
professor  in  one  of  the  colleges  of  Missouri.  Mrs.  D.  is  a  highly  culti- 
vated lad}f,  and  a  faithful  wife  and  mother. 

AUGUSTUS  W.  WILLIS. 

Mr.  Willis  is  a  native  of  Carroll  county,  Mo.;  born  Aug.  2,  1847.  His 
parents  moved  to  Lafayette  county  in  1854,  where  he  was  educated.  With 
the  exception  of  five  years  spent  in  farming  in  Ray  county,  Mr.  W.  has  been 
a  continuous  resident  of  this  county  since  his  advent.  He  is  engaged  in  the 
cultivation  of  a  fine  farm  of  280  acres,  paying  considerable  attention  to  the 
raising  of  stock.  In  December,  1869,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  V. 
Eppes,  of  South  Carolina.  They  have  five  children,  named  as  follows: 
Edward  S.,  John  W.,  Claude  R.,  Bessie  and  Gussie.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Maryland,  and  came  to  Missouri  in  1840.  He  was  familiarly 
known  as  "  Col."  Willis,  the  title,  however,  being  founded  on  fiction  instead 
of  fact.  He  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  74  years, the  sad  event  occurring 
July  5th,  1881,  at  Eureka  Springs,  whither  he  had  gone  for  the  benefit  of 
his  health.  His  remains  were  brought  home  and  interred  at  Waverly. 
Mrs.  W.  is  still  living.     Mr.  Willis'  postoffice  is  Corder. 

J.  R.  AVITT. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Kentucky;  born  in  Brecken- 
ridge  county.  May  10,  1826.  Was  educated  at  Mt.  Morieno  College. 
Alter  completing  his  education,  he  was  engaged,  for  a  time,  in  selling 
goods,  and  afterwards  at  farming  and  trading  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
rivers.     In  November,  1S47,  he  married   Miss   Frances  N.  Van  Meter,  a 


552  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

native  of  Virginia.  They  became  parents  of  six  children,  as  follows: 
Isaac  W.,  Howell,  Laura  J.  Malcolm,  Missouri,  and  George  H.  In  1853, 
he  came  to  Missouri,  and  located  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  spent  in  Illinois,  during  the 
war.  After  the  surrender,  he  went  to  Kentucky,  and  in  the  fall  of  1865, 
he  returned  to  his  farm  in  this  county,  to  find  his  buildings  and  improve- 
ments utterly  destroyed,  and  a  herculean  task  before  him,  to  get  things  in 
shape  again.  A  glance  over  his  farm  at  the  present  time,  however,  would 
leave  no  impression  that  such  was  ever  the  condition  of  things,  as  every- 
thing bears  the  impress  of  a  pains-taking  hand.  In  1879,  he  built  a  hand- 
some residence,  which  is  a  model  of  comfort  and  convenience.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

WILLIAM  WALKER. 

Mr.  Walker  was  born  in  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  June  25,  1857, 
upon  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  Was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Missouri,  at  Columbia.  Has  always  been  engaged  in  farming,  and  deal- 
ing in  stock.  His  father  is  also  a  native  of  Lafayette  county;  born  in 
about  1S27.  His  grandmother,  who  is  still  living,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
born  January  l;>,  1789.  She  is  one  of  the  oldest  persons,  if  not  the  oldest, 
living  in  the  county,  and  has  lived  for  fifty-three  years  in  the  house  where 
she  now  resides.  Her  husband  and  herself  were  among  the  first  settlers 
of  this  county.  Mr.  Walker  owns  a  splendid  farm  of  450  acres,  and  is 
one  of  the  substantial,  rising  young  men  of  the  county. 

JAMES  M.  SLUSHER. 

The  parents  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Missouri  in  1828, 
where  his  mother  is  still  living,  at  the  advanced  age  of  sixty-three,  his 
father  having  been  dead  several  years.  James  M.  was  born  in  Lafayette 
county,  November  29,  1849.  Was  educated  in  this  county,  but,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  war,  was  denied  the  privilege  of  completing  his  studies. 
Has  always  followed  farming  for  an  occupation,  although  he  is  a  good 
carpenter,  having  learned  the  trade  from  his  father.  November  18,  1879, 
he  married  Miss  Birdie  B.  Payne,  of  Orange  county,  Virginia.  Their 
union  is  blessed  with  one  child,  named  Lawrence  Payne,  born  November 
28,  1880,  and  died  June  6,  1881.  In  October,  1880,  Mr.  Slusher  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Kensler,  in  the  grocery  business,  at  Higginsville. 
Mr.  K.  attending  to  the  store,  and  Mr.  S.  remaining  on  his  farm.  He  is 
a  member  in  good  standing  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Dover  Lodge,  No.  122. 
Mr.  Slusher  is  a  substantial  farmer,  and  an  influential  citizen.  P.  O., 
Dover. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  553 

REV.  J.  C.  SHACKELFORD. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  one  of  the  leading  clergymen  of  the  county, 
is  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  Saline  county,  August  4,  1829.  Was 
educated  at  Yale  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1854.  After  grad- 
uating, he  entered  the  ministry,  and  has  since  been  consecutively  in  charge 
of  churches  in  the  following  various  counties,  remaining,  with  one  excep- 
tion, one  year  in  each,  viz:  Jackson,  Saline,  St.  Louis,  Jackson,  Lafay- 
ette (two  years),  Johnson,  and  St.  Louis,  where  his  health  failed  him,  and 
he  was  obliged  to  abandon  his  calling  for  a  time.  Returning  to  Lafayette 
county,  he  purchased  a  farm  of  160  acres,  upon  which  he  has  built  a  fine 
residence,  and  upon  which  he  now  lives.  In  November,  1S59,  he  married 
Miss  Martha  Neale,  of  Wood  county,  West  Virginia.  They  have  had 
four  children,  two  now  living,  viz:  Emma  and  Mary.  The  deceased 
were  named  Samuel  and  John  Wesley.  Mr.  Shackelford  also  preaches 
at  Waverly,  Lafayette  county,  having  in  charge  a  congregation  number- 
ing 120.  His  father  came  to  Missouri  in  1820,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Saline  county.     Post-office,  Corder. 

L.  E.  WHITE. 

Mr.  W.  is  a  native  of  Virginia;  born  in  or  near  Richmond,  May  19, 
1838.  His  parents  came  to  Missouri  in  1842,  settling  in  Lafayette  county, 
two  miles  north  of  the  farm  upon  which  the  subject  of  this  sketch  now 
resides,  where  they  lived  for  one  year,  and  then  removed  to  his  present 
residence.  In  1858  or  1859,  his  father  died,  leaving  him  in  possession  of 
the  farm.  Was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  the  county.  In 
August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  company  B,  of  Col.  Gordon's  regiment,  under 
Gen.  Shelby,  with  which  command  he  participated  in  the  following 
battles:  Prairie  Grove,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  and  other  minor  engage- 
ments, too  numerous  to  mention.  His  brother  being  taken  sick,  he 
remained  with  him,  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Batesville,  Arkan- 
sas. In  March,  1863,  he  received  a  furlough  for  six  weeks,  but  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time,  owing  to  a  change  of  circumstances,  did  not  return 
to  his  command.  He  made  two  attempts,  at  different  times,  to  rejoin 
his  regiment,  but  failed.  He  and  his  mother  went  to  Illinois,  where  they 
remained  until  1866,  when  they  returned  to  their  home,  where  his  mother 
died,  in  June  of  tne  same  year.  Mr.  White  has  never  ventured  upon  the 
uncertain  sea  of  matrimony,  chosing  rather  to  "bear  the  ills  he  has  than  to 
fly  to  those  he  knows  not  of."  His  sister  has  been  keeping  house  for 
him,  until  recently.  She  is  now  living  in  Kansas  City.  His  post-office  is 
Corder. 


554  HISTORY    OF     LAFAYKTTE    COUNTY. 

DR.  WILLTAM  C.  WEBB. 

The  doctor  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  on  5th  of  February,  1825. 
His  parents  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Dover,  in  1836.  His  literary  education  was  obtained  at 
Kemper  college,  near  St.  Louis.  He  attended  one  course  of  lectures  at 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1849.  After  graduating  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Dover,  where  he  remained  for  five  or  six  years, 
having,  in  the  meantime,  acquired  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  Becom- 
ing somewhat  disabled,  in  1856,  he  purchased  the  farm  upon  which  he 
now  resides,  consisting  of  850  acres,  of,  at  that  time,  raw  prairie.  It  is 
now  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  Lafayette  county,  and  a  model  of  neatness 
and  thrift.  He  has  a  fine  orchard  of  about  700  trees,  of  which  450  are 
apple  trees.  Has  a  beautiful  residence.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted 
under  Gen.  Shelby,  as  surgeon,  and  afterwards  served  in  same  capacity 
with  Col.  Shank's  regiment,  and  also  Collins'  battery.  Upon  the  solicita- 
tion of  Gen.  Shelby  (as  the  doctor  thinks,  he  having  treated  him  while 
wounded  at  Helena),  he  was  given  the  position  of  surgeon  of  Jackman's 
brigade.  Was  at  the  battles  of  Cape  Girardeau,  Helena,  Little  Rock  and 
with  Price  on  his  raid  through  Missouri,  in  1864.  Was  discharged  at 
Shreveport,  Louisiana,  in  June,  of  1865,  and  arrived  at  home  shortly  after, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  practicing  his  profession  and 
attending  to  his  farm.  In  October,  1853,  was  married  to  Miss  Martha  H. 
Jones,  of  Chariton  county,  and  a  native  of  Amherst  county,  Virginia. 
Six  children  were  born  to  them,  as  follows:  Walter  Leslie,  now  civil 
engineer  on  the  coast  of  Gulf  of  Mexico;  James  Edward,  now  practicing 
medicine  in  Corder,  Missouri;  Mary  S.,  Robert  M.,  Helen  C.  and  Jane 
W.  The  doctor  is  a  member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Dover  Lodge,  No.  122; 
and  also  of  P.  of  H,  Lafayette  Grange,  No.  305.     Postoffice,  Dover. 

WILLIAM  G.  NEALE. 

Mr.  Neale  is  a  native  of  Virginia;  born  in  Wood  county,  February  27, 
1846.  In  1856  his  parents  moved  to  Lafayette  county,  and  settled  on  the 
farm  where  Wm.  G.  now  resides.  It  consists  of  450  acres  of  excellent 
land,  only  partially  improved,  however,  at  that  time.  Mr.  N.  obtained  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  this  county,  and  at  St.  Louis  and  Glas- 
gow. In  1870,  February  16,  he  maried  Miss  Sallie  Morehead  of  Glas- 
gow, Howard  county,  Missouri.  By  this  union  they  have  three  children, 
viz.:  Charley,  Flora  and  an  infant  not  yet  named.  His  mother  is  still 
living  at  the  advanced  age  of  84,  having  remarkablv  good  health  for  a 
person  of  that  age.  Mr.  Neale  is  a  member  of  P.  of  H.,  Lafayette 
Grange,  No.  305,  of  which  he  is  also  secretary.      He  is  an  excellent  busi- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  555 

ness  man,  and  socially  is  held  in  esteem  by  his  fellow  citizens.  Postoffice, 
Page  City. 

E.  A.  HAWKS, 

P.  O.  Corder,  Missouri.  Is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  in  Stark 
county,  January  12,  1834.  While  quite  young  his  parents  moved  to  Ohio, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1848  the  whole  family  moved  to 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  There  he  learned  his  trade,  that  of  a  printer,  in 
the  Madison  "Journal.  He  then  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  worked  for 
the  Republican,  then  for  the  Democrat.  In  1872  he  began  editing  the 
Manifest  Reporter,  published  in  the  interests  of  the  mercantile  class, 
which  he  continued  to  publish  until  1880,  when  he  sold  out  and  came  to 
this  county,  settled  in  Corder  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business, 
which  he  has  since  followed.  In  1857,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  F. 
•Martin,  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  by  whom  he  has  six  children:  Thomas 
S.,  Belle,  Matie  F.,  Henrietta,  Leonard  and  Edward  A.  His  father  was 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. — one  of  the  highest  members  in  Wiscon- 
sin and  was  buried  by  the  order. 

RICHARD    BARLY, 

P.lO.  Corder,  Mo.  Was  bocn  in  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1822,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  followed  farming  until 
1849,  when  he  went  to  California,  going  over  the  plains,  from  St.  Joe, 
with  a  company  of  eight}Mmen.  He  remained  in  California  for  five  years, 
and  while  there  was  engaged  as  supervisor  of  a  canal.  In  1854  he 
returned  to  Virginia  via.  the  Isthmus,  and  was  twenty-one  days  from 
San  Francisco  to  New  York.  In  Virginia  he  engaged  in  farming  again* 
until  1860,  when  he  came  to  this  county,  settled  where  he  now  resides  and 
is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  For  the  last  fourteen  years  he 
has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  Dover  township.  He  was  first  mar- 
ried in  1857  to  MissAnnie  E.  Nelson,  of  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children:  Lewis  and  Hunter.  In  the  fall  of  1860,  his 
wife  died,  and  in  1863  he  married  Miss  Mary  B.  Cooper.  He  is  a  worthy 
member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M,  Dover  Lodge,  having  joined  in  Virginia.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  Grange,  No.  305 — a  charter  member. 

REV.  T.  W.  TATE, 

Pastor  of  Baptist  church  at  Dover,  Dover  P.  O.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  was  born  in  Andrew  county,  Feb.  24, 
1851.  His  father  and  family  moved  to  Clay  county  in  1864,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  was  educated  at  the  William  Jewell  college,  at  Liberty,  Mo. 
His  father  being  in  somewhat  straitened  circumstances,  he  was  obliged  to 
educate  himself,  in  a  measure,  which  he  did  by  teaching  and  attending 


556  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

college  alternately.  During  the  summer  of  '74,  his  health  failing  him  in 
conseauence  of  too  close  application  to  his  studies,  he  took  a  tour  on  the 
plains,  returning  to  Clay  county  in  the  fall.  In  the  winter  of  '74-75  he 
was  principal  of  the  schools  at  Barry,  on  the  line  between  Clay  and  Platte 
counties.  During  the  summer  of  '75  he  remained  at  home,  waiting  on  the 
sick,  several  of  the  family  being  taken  down  with  the  scarlet  fever,  two 
of  whom  died.  His  mother  had  a  severe  attack,  but  finally  recovered, 
after  suffering  for  several  months.  In  the  winter  of  '75-'76  he  took  charge 
as  principal  of  the  schools  at  Westport,  Jackson  count}-.  In  the  fall  of 
'76  he  re-entered  college  as  a  student,  and  also  as  tutor  in  the  preparatory 
department.  He  graduated  in  the  department  of  mathematics  in  June, 
1877.  May  16,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Rouse,  of  Liberty, 
Mo.,  daughter  of  Ezekiel  Rouse,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  From  this  time 
up  to  July,  1880,  Mr.  Tate  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  various  parts  of 
the  state,  being  at  one  time  principal  of  a  private  Baptist  school  at  Sedg- 
wicksville,  Ballinger  county.  In  July,  1880,  he  came  to  Dover,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  having  in  charge  the  Baptist  church  at  that 
place.  Since  January,  1881,  he  has  devoted  half  of  his  time  to  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Brownsville.  Mr.  T.'s  father  is  a  native  of  east  Tennessee, 
and  his  mother  of  Kentucky.  Both  are  now  living  near  Liberty,  Clay 
county.  His  wife  is  a  graduate  of  the  Liberty  female  seminary,  gradu- 
ating in  1867.  Since  that  time  she  has  devoted  her  time  principally  to 
teaching  and  literary  pursuits.  Both  were  converted,  baptized  and  joined 
to  the  Baptist  church  in  the  winter  of  '66-67,  at  Liberty,  Mo.  It  is  rather 
a  remarkable  fact  that  they  did  not  know  each  other  at  the  time,  and  did 
not  meet  again  until  several  years  afterward,  when  upon  comparing  notes 
the  above  fact  was  ascertained.  Rev.  Mr.  Tate  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  the  Liberty  church,  March  16,  1879.  Was  ordained  by  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Sedgwickville,  on  the  first  Sunday  in  August,  1879.  His 
first  sermon  was  preached  at  this  latter  place.  He  is  now  the  honored 
and  worthy  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Dover,  and  held  in  high 
esteem  by  his  congregation  and  the  community  in  general. 

FRANK  G.  HENRY, 

Physician  and  druggist,  Dover.  Was  born  in  Bourbon  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  4, 
1830.  Grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  primarily  in  Mason  county, 
Ky.,  whither  his  father  and  family  had  moved  while  he  was  quite  young. 
His  father  died  in  Washington,  I).  C,  having  received  an  appointment  in 
the  postoffice  department.  Frank  G.  studied  medicine  with  his  brother, 
attended  school  at  Lancaster,  and  finally  entered  the  medical  college  at 
Cincinnati,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1851.  He  then  returned  to  Jeffer- 
son county,  Miss.,  (where  he  was  when  he  entered  college)  and  practised 
medicine  there  for  a  period  of  seven  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he 


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HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  557 

came  to  this  state,  locating  in  Carroll  county,  where  he  practised  four 
years.  The  doctor  then  came  to  this  county,  and  labored  a  short  time  in 
Berlin,  after  which  he  located  in  Dover,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  in  the  drug  business.  He 
is  also  the  proprietor  of  the  hotel  at  the  same  place.  In  July  of  '54  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Jane  T.  Blanchard,  of  Mason  county,  Ky., 
by  whom  he  has  two  children  — Mary  M.  and  William  Lake.  Dr.  Henry 
has  been  identified  with  the  interests  of  the  county  for  nearly  a  quarter  of 
a  century,  during  which  time  he  has  watched  the  progress  and  develop- 
ment of  its  resources  with  much  pleasure,  contributing  largely  toward  the 
same. 

REV.  S.  B.  WHITING, 

Baptist  minister,  P.  O.  Dover.  Is  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  born  in  Bos- 
ton January  26,  1836.  His  father  moved  to  Missouri  in  1837,  settling  in 
Warsaw,  Benton  county.  Here  S.  B.  obtained  his  education  and  grew  to 
manhood.  In  1855  he  came  to  Dover,  this  county,  and  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business,  which  he  followed  for  six  years.  Afterwards  he 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Baer  for  one  year.  In  1861  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Virginia  Webb,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  seven  children,  as 
follows:  Ella  C,  Virginia  B.,  Mary  E.,  Samuel  B.,  Jr.,  Philip  G.,  Lilly 
M.,  and  Leverett.  In  the  same  year  of  his  marriage  he  enlisted  in  the 
confederate  service,  Company  C,  Col.  Grave's  regiment,  under  Gen. 
Price.  He  entered  as  a  private,  but  for  meritorious  conduct,  was  pro- 
moted to  the  command  of  a  compan}'.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Carthage,  Wilson  Creek,  Drywood,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  and  other 
minor  engagements,  too  numerous  to  mention.  In  1862  he  was  taken 
prisoner  on  the  Osage  river,  near  Johnstown  and  was  held  for  nearly  a 
vear  at  Leavenworth.  Cap't.  Whiting  was  honorably  discharged  in  the 
spring  of  1863.  After  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  farming  until  1870, 
when  he  entered  the  ministry,  and  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  his 
attention  exclusively  to  the  preaching  of  the  gospel.  He  was  licensed  in 
1870,  and  ordained  in  1871  at  Dover.  At  the  present  time  he  has  in 
charge  the  churches  of  Waverly,  Higginsville,  and  Greentown,  this 
county.  His  father  was  at  one  time  a  very  wealthy  man,  being  a  banker 
in  Boston,  but  was  broken  up  by  the  panic  of  '36.  Mr.  Whiting  is  one 
of  Lafayette's  substantial  and  most  influential  citizens,  honored  as  a  man 
and  revered  as  a  pastor  by  all  who  know  him. 

R.  W.  COX, 

capitalist,  P.  O.  Dover.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri; born  in  this  county  May  29,  1836.     He  first  saw  the  light  of  day 
w 


558  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

within  a  few  hundred  yards  ot  where  he  now  resides.  His  father  was 
emphatically  a  pioneer,  being  the  first  settler  in  that  neighborhood,  and 
having  been  obliged  to  hew  his  way  in  with  an  axe.  R.  W.  was  partially 
educated  in  the  schools  at  Dover,  also  attending,  for  one  term,  the  unni- 
versity  at  Columbia.  Left  this  county  in  the  spring  of  1853,  going  to  Cali- 
fornia; after  an  absence  of  two  and  one-half  years  he  returned  and  entered 
Jones'  commercial  college  at  St.  Louis,  from  which  he  graduated  with  dis- 
tinction, in  1859.  After  graduating  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade, 
which  he  followed  for  several  years  at  Dover.  During  the  progress  of 
war  he  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  time  in  California.  Having  returned, 
he  ao-ain  entered  the  mercantile  arena,  which  he  occupied  until  1868,  when 
he  retired  from  business  with  a  competency,  the  result  of  good  manage- 
ment and  steady  application  to  business.  January  19,  1875,  Mr.  Cox  had 
the  misfortune  to  be  afflicted  with  a  paralytic  stroke  which  disabled  him 
for  a  time,  and  from  which  he  has  never  completely  recovered,  but  is 
greatly  improved.  May  13,  1875,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lucy  Fleming, 
of  this  county.  They  have  had  three  children,  two  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing: Ozite  and  Edgar.  Mr.  Cox  has  placed  himself  under  the  medical 
treatment  of  Dr.  Price,  of  Buffalo,  who  entertains  warm  hopes  of  his  ulti- 
mate recovery.  He  is  the  wealthiest  man  in  this  section;  an  honorable 
man  and  an  influential  citizen;  a  man  who  is  liberal  with  his  wealth  in  any 
rational  scheme  for  the  advancement  of  the  public  interest  and  to  whom 
all  look  for  advice  and  counsel. 

REV.  W.  B.  McFARLAND, 

pastor  of  M.  E.  church,  south.  P.  O.  Dover.  Was  born  in  Penn.,  near 
Pittsburg,  February  9,  1820.  Was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
state,  graduating  from  Alleghany  College,  at  Meadville,  in  1841.  He  at 
once  entered  upon  the  high  and  honorable  calling  of  an  expositor  of  the 
scriptures,  for  which  he  is  so  eminently  fitted,  both  by  temperament  and 
education.  During  an  uninterrupted  term  of  35  years,  in  which  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  ministry,  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  following  various 
churches:  Fairmount,  Marion  county,  one  year;  Harrison  county  Va., 
two  years;  Monroe  county,  Ohio,  one  year:  Elizabethtown,  Marshall 
county  Va.;  Caball  county  Va.;  Charleston  Va.;  Point  Pleasant  and  Buf- 
falo, in  Mason  county;  Charleston  again,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  St. 
Louis  conference:  Independence,  two  years,  Westport,  Jackson 
county,  Lexington  four  years,  where  he  was  the  only  minister 
allowed  to  preach  during  the  winter  of  '62.  Brownsville,  Saline 
county,  two  years;  Miami,  two  years;  Independence  again  two  years; 
Brownsville  again  two  years,  and  Dover,  where  he  now  resides  as  pastor 
of  the  M.  E.  church  south,  of  that  place.  He  also  preaches  at  Higgins- 
ville,  Corder  and  Three  Groves.  While  in  Caball  county,  he  was  appointed 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  559 

principal  of  Marshall  Academy,  and  afterwards  acted  as  agent  of  Marshall 
College,  in  same  county,  superintending  its  erection.  June  1,  1848,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Margaret  Kayne,  of  Marshall  county,  Va., 
by  whom  he  has  two  children,  Florence  V.  and  Lucy.  His  wife  dying, 
he  was  married  the  second  time,  January  1857,  to  Miss  Alvira  Early,  of 
Kanawha  county,  Va.,  a  sister  of  Gen.  Early.  By  this  marriage  he  has 
four  children,  all  living:  Robert  E.,  Hattie,  William  and  Samuel.  Mr. 
McFarland  owns  one  of  the  finest  libraries  in  the  country.  He  is 
enjoying  excellent  health,  notwithstanding  his  arduous  duties  and  close 
application  to  the  same.  Has  traveled  quite  extensively  through  the  east, 
and  is  shortly  intending  to  take  a  brief,  much  needed  vacation,  and  visit 
the  western  coast.  He  is  very  popular  with  his  people,  preaching  in 
practice  as  well  as  by  precept. 

J.  C.  WOODS, 

farmer  and  stockraiser.  P.  O.  Corder.  The  subject  of  the  following 
sketch  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county;  born  in  1841,  October  10. 
Was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  county  of  his  birth.  His  father 
was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  this  county,  coming  here  some  50  years 
ago.  At  the  opening  of  the  civil  war,,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  ser- 
vice under  Gen.  Shelby.  April  1868,  he  was  married  to  Mary  E.  Slusher, 
a  daughter  of  Henry  Slusher,  of  this  county.  By  this  union  he  has  six 
children:  Olla,  Francis  C,  John,  Forrest,  Mary  E.  and  Martha.  Mr. 
Woods  has  traveled  quite  extensively  during  his  lifetime,  and  is  now 
located  on  a  fine  farm  of  120  acres;  has  a  fine  residence,  convenient  barn 
and  outhouses,  and  all  the  appurtenances  necessary  to  a  well  regulated 
farm.  He  has  a  splendid  young  orchard  of  100  trees.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  Dover  lodge,  No.  122.  Has  been  W.  M. 
of  said  lodge  for  two  years.  Is  also  a  member  of  the  P.  of  H.  Lafayette 
Grange,  No.  305.  Is  an  active  and  worthy  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Dover. 

REV.  W.  T.  EASTWOOD, 

local  pastor  of  M.  E.  Church  south,  and  merchant,  P.  O.  Dover;  a  native 
of  this  state  and  county,  born  October  12th,  1841;  was  educated  at  the 
Masonic  college  at  Lexington.  After  completing  the  prescribed  course 
at  college,  he  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  grocery  store  at  Lexington  for  a 
while,  and  afterwards  in  a  hardware  store.  In  September,  of  1861,  he 
enlisted  as  private  in  the  confederate  army,  company  A,  Col.  Bledsoe's 
regiment,  under  Gen.  Raines;  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Pea 
Ridge,  Cane  Creek  and  other  minor  engagements;  was  mustered  out 
during  the  summer  of  1862.  Returning  home  he  engaged  in  a  mercantile 
business  at  Dover.     In   1869  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah   Ustick,  a 


560  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

native  of  this  county.  They  have  three  children:  Gertrude,  Susan  and 
Elizabeth.  Mrs.  Eastwood  is  a  graduate  of  the  Baptist  college,  at  Lex- 
ington, Mo.,  in  charge  of  Dr.  E.  S.  Dulin,  at  that  time.  Rev.  Mr.  E. 
preaches  at  Three  Groves,  Higginsville  and  Corder;  expects  to  join  the 
S.  E.  Mo.  Conference  this  fall  and  go  into  active  service  as  a  preacher  of 
the  gospel.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  came  to  this  county 
at  an  early  day;  owns  considerable  property  in  Dover  and  has  a  hardware 
and  grocery  store  at  same  place.  Is  a  man  of  influence,  and  a  hearty 
coadjutor  in  any  enterprise  of  public  interest. 

JOHN  P.  HICKMAN, 

merchant,  P.  O.  Dover;  born  in  Saline  county,  Mo.,  April  3,  1850.  His 
parents  went  to  Jefferson  City  when  he  was  quite  young,  and  from  there 
moved  to  Lexington,  this  county,  wnere  they  lived  until  1877,  at  which 
time  they  went  to  Dover,  this  county;  was  educated  at  Lexington;  fol- 
lowed the  business  of  tanning  and  farming  during  the  early  part  of  his 
life,' afterwards  engaging  in  the  mercantile  business  which  he  is  still  fol- 
lowing in  Dover.  August,  1877,  he  was  married  to  Mattie  B.  Phleger, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Allen  Phleger,  of  Lafayette  county.  By  this  union  he 
had  two  children,  one  of  whom  is  now  living,  Clara  Pauline.  His  father 
is  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and  is  now  living  in  Corder  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business;  he  was  formerly  at  Lexington  conducting  a  grocery  busi- 
ness. Mr.  H.  spent  the  summer  of  '75  in  Colorado,  prospecting;  is  a 
member  in  good  standing  of  I.  O.  O.  F.  Orion  Lodge,  45;  also  a  member 
of  K.  of  P.  of  Lexington,  and  also  of  I.  O.  G.  T.  of  Dover,  and  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church  of  Dover;  is  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 

ELIAS  MIERS, 

plasterer  and  farmer,  P.  O.  Dover;  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Va., 
October  29th,  1829;  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  state.  In  his  youth 
he  learned  the  trade  of  plastering,  which  he  followed  for  some  time  before 
leaving  Virginia.  In  the  spring  of  '57  he  came  to  Missouri,  settling  in 
this  county,  where  he  has  followed  his  profession  in  connection  with  his 
farming.  In  October,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service,  com- 
pany B,  Col.  Gordon's  cavalry,  under  Gen.  Shelby.  He  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  Independence,  Westport,  Carthage  and  other  engagements  in 
which  his  command  participated;  was  honorably  discharged  on  the  13th  of 
June,  1865.  In  1860,  February  9th,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sally  Love- 
lady,  of  this  county,  and  whose  parents  were  among  the  first  settlers  in 
Lafayette  county,  and  also  the  first  cduple  married  in  the  county.  Mrs. 
Lovelady  gave  birth  to  the  first  pair  of  twins  born  in  the  county.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Miers  have  three  children  living:  Mary  E.,  Berty  V.  and  Emma 
L.      Mr.  M.  owns  a  splendid  farm   of   124  acres.     Mrs.    Lovelady,  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  561 

mother-in-law  of  Mr.  M.  is  living  with  him ;  she  is  the  daughter  of  Solo- 
mon Cox,  who  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  county,  if  not  the  first. 
She  is  now  88  years  of  age,  in  excellent  health  for  a  person  of  her  age; 
rides  horseback.  Mrs.  L.  can  tell  manv  an  interesting  anecdote  of  "pio- 
neer life"  in  this  county. 

ALLEN  PHLEGER, 

P.  O.  Dover;  of  the  firm  of  Hickman  &  Co.,  merchants  and  stock  dealers, 
is  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  this  county,  July  10,  1829.  Was  raised 
and  educated  in  his  native  county.  His  father  owning  a  large  farm,  he  kept 
the  young  man  out  of  mischief  by  training  him  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
At  the  age  of  21  he  engaged  in  operating  a  saw-mill,  which  business  he 
followed  at  times  for  twenty  years.  Afterward  was  engaged  in  farming 
and  stock  raising.  In  December,  1877,  he  became  identified  with  the  firm 
of  J.  P.  Hickman  &  Co.,  merchants.  In  1856  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  M.  Fox,  of  this  county.  They  have  one  child:  Mattie  B.,  wife 
of  J.  P.  Hickman.  Mr.  P's  parents  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  came  to 
this  county  in  1828,  settling  on  Tabo  creek,  two  miles  west  of  the  present 
site  of  Dover.  They  belong  to  that  class  who  endured  trials  and  hard- 
ships, in  the  early  settlement  of  this  county,  of  which  the  present  genera- 
tion, in  their  comfortable  homes,  know  very  little  of.  "  All  honor  to  the 
hardy  pioneers."  His  wife's  parents  came  from  Tennessee  to  Missouri  in 
1817  and  in  the  spring  of  1818,  came  to  this  county,  therefore  being  one  of 
the  first  families  here.  Mr.  Fox  died  at  the  ripe  age  of  76,  having  lived 
beyond  the  full  time  allotted  to  man.  He  came  herein  the  same  year  that 
Solomon  Cox  did,  1818. 

JEREMIAH  C.  BUTLER, 

carriage  maker,  P.  O.  Dover.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of 
Jefferson  county,  Virginia,  born  February  25,  1845.  When  J.  was  17 
years  of  age,  his  father  moved  his  family  to  Lexington,  this  county. 
Being  a  miller  and  millwright,  he  erected  a  mill  for  McGraw  &  Bros.,  of 
Lexington,  which  he  operated  for  a  number  of  years.  In  the  spring  of 
1861  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  company  A,  Gordon's  regiment, 
under  Gen.  Price.  Held  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He  participated  in 
the  following  battles,  in  all  of  which  he  acquitted  himself,  as  a  brave  sol- 
dier and  an. honorable  gentleman:  Lexington,  Springfield,  Prairie  Grove, 
Cowskin  Prairie,  Shreveport,  Helena,  Corinth,  Ballstown  and  other 
minor  engagements.  Was  mustered  out  at  Shreveport  May,  1865.  He 
then  returned  to  Lexington,  and  engaged  in  the  carriage  making  business, 
which  he  followed  there  for  ten  years.  In  1876  he  went  to  Dover,  where 
he  has  since  resided  engaged  in  the  same  business.  October  10,  1872,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Hill,  of  Greenton,  this  county.      They  have 


562  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

four  children:  Delia,  Ferdie,  Johnie,  Otis.  Mr.  B's  parents  are  natives 
of  Virginia.  His  wife's  were  born  in  this  state.  While  in  the  army  he 
was  chief  musician,  under  Gen.  Parsons.  His  talents  in  this  line  were  of 
the  highest  order,  in  token  of  which  he  was  presented  with  a  beautiful 
drum  with  brass  hoops  and  lignum-vitae  sticks,  while  at  Shreveport. 
He  had  the  best  field  band  in  the  trans-Mississippi  department.  The 
presentation  was  made  by  the  general  inspector  of  arms,  of  said  depart- 
ment. Mr.  Butler  is  a  thriving,  intelligent,  business  man,  respected  by  his 
fellow  citizens. 

GEGRGE  W.  MARQUIS, 

teacher,  postoffice,  Dover.  Is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county,  born  Oct. 
23,  1840.  Was  educated  at  the  Old  Masonic  College  at  Lexington. 
After  leaving  school  he  served  an  apprenticeship  at  blacksmithing,  which 
trade  he  followed  until  the  opening  of  the  civil  war.  Located  in  Lexing- 
ton. May.  17,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service, .  company  G, 
Col.  McCullough's  regiment,  under  Gen.  Price.  Engaged  in  the  follow- 
ing battles:  Wilson's  Creek,  Elk  Horn,  Corinth  and  various  minor 
engagements.  At  the  battle  of  Collinsville  he  was  shot  in  the  right  side, 
the  ball  striking  a  rib  and  glancing  around  came  out  at  the  left  side,  a 
narrow  escape.  Was  taken  prisoner  at  Moscow,  Tenn.,  and  taken  to 
Alton,  Ills.,  where  he  was  detained  ten  months.  Was  mustered  out  May 
17,  1865,  at  Columbus,  having  served  four  years  to  a  day.  After  the  war 
he  located  at  Oakland,  engaged  in  blacksmithing.  In  1866,  he  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business,  which  he  followed  for  one  year.  He  after- 
wards engaged  in  teaching,  which  occupation  he  followed  until  Sept.  1880, 
teaching  a  greater  part  of  the  time  in  Mississippi.  At  the  time  above  men- 
tioned, he  came  to  this  county,  locating  at  Dover.  He  expects  to  resume 
teaching  again  this  fall.  December  23,  1869,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  F.  Bell,  of  Tallahatchie  county,  Miss.  They  have  two  children: 
Willie  and  Claude.  Mr.  M's  father  came  to  this  county  in  1819,  at  the 
age  of  twelve  years  being  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  this  county.  He 
died  in  1861.  Mr.  M.  is  a  member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Glasgow  Lodge, 
354,  Miss.  Also  a  member  of  K.  of  P.,  Amity  Lodge,  982,  Pope  Station, 
Miss.  Also  of  I.  O.  G.  T.,  Dover  Lodge,  221.  Is  a  worthy  and  consis- 
tent member  of  the  Christian  church. 

JOHN  McABEL, 

blacksmith  and  merchant,  postoffice,  Dover.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  a  native  of  Marion  county,  Mo.,  born  May  6,  1822.  His  parents  moved 
from  Marion  to  Polk  county,  Mo.,  in  1832,  where  his  father  opened  up  a 
farm,  he  being  the  second  man  to  put  in  a  crop  of  corn  in  the  county. 
They  lived  in  Polk  county  eight  years.    John  then   started  out  into   the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  563 

world  for  himself,  going  to  Texas,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  He 
then  returned  to  Hannibal,  Marion  county,  where  he  learned  his  trade, 
serving  an  apprenticeship  of  four  and  a  half  years  with  John  S.  Herrick, 
of  that  place.  In  1847,  April  27th,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lucinda  Bry- 
ant, of  Ralls  county,  a  native  of  Virginia,  hy  whom  he  has  one  child:  John 
J.  His  wife  dying,  he  was  again  married  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Estes,  nee 
Franklin.  On  account  of  his  wife's  ill  health,  Mr.  McAbel  spent  the 
greater  portion  of  the  time  until  1877,  in  travering  through  various  coun- 
ties of  the  state,  seeking  a  congenial  climate.  During  his  travels  he  loca- 
ted for  a  short  time  in  each  of  the  following  places:  Lexington,  Waverly, 
Malta  Bend,  Arrow  Rock,  Jacksonville,  Randolph  county,  Macon  City, 
Macon  county,  Bloomington,  same  county,  Waverly  again  and  then  in 
1877  coming  to  Dover,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Dover  Lodge,  122,  and  also  of  the  I.  O.  G.  T.,  Dover 
Lodge,  221.  Is  also  a  member  in  good  standing  of  the  M.  E.  church, 
south.  Mr.  McA.  is  the  founder  of  the  Alpha  Lodge,  at  Waverly,  and 
through  his  influence  the  lodge  at  Dover  was  formed.  He  has  been  a 
Good  Templar  since '.'>7.  Is  the  "  village  blacksmith  "  of  Dover,  and  is 
doing  a  splendid  business  in  his  line.  Is  an  influential  man  and  a  good 
citizen. 

ALFRED  O.  DOWNING, 

P.  O.  Page  City,  Mo.  The  young  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch,  and  who  is  one  of  the  enterprising  farmers  of  the  vicinity  of  Page 
City,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  May  3,  1849.  He  is  the  son  of  Samuel 
Downing,  Sr.,  who  died  in  this  county  in  1876.  His  mother  was  Miss 
Amanda  Offatt,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  where  she  also  died.  His  father 
then,  in  1856,  married  Miss  Margaret  Combs,  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  his  sec- 
ond wife,  who,  after  his  death,  married  Judge  Walker,  of  Lexington,  Mo. 
In  1857,  when  between  seven  and  eight  years  old,  Alfred  moved  with  his 
father  to  Boonville,  Mo.,  and  after  a  year's  residence  there,  they  moved  to 
this  county,  and  settled  on  a  tract  of  440  acres  of  land  in  Dover  township, 
upon  part  of  which  Alfred  now  lives.  He  was  educated  at  White's  Semi- 
nary at  Dover.  He  was  too  young  to  take  any  part  in  the  civil  war, 
though  his  sympathies  were  with  the  South,  and  a  brother  served  four 
years  under  Shelby.  On  the  22d  of  September,  18S0,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Lura  Logan,  daughter  of  Henry  Logan,  deceased,  of  Parkersburg, 
Va.     They  have  one  child,  a  daughter  named  Mary,  born  June  27,  1881. 

SAMUEL  DOWNING, 

P.  O.  Page  City,  Mo.  One  of  the  old  battle-scarred  veterans  of  Shelby's 
famous  command,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  August  12,  1842.  Con- 
cerning his  parents,  Samuel  and  Amanda  Downing,  see  biography  of  his 


564  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

brother,  Alfred  Downing.     He  also  came  with  his  father  to  this  state  in 

1857,  and  settled  first  in  Boonville  for  one  year,  and  then  in  this  county  in 

1858,  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  was  partly  raised  and  educated  in 
Kentucky,  and  partly  at  Dover,  in  this  county.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm 
and  has  never  followed  any  other  calling.  In  1861  he  volunteered  in  Com- 
pany "  A,"  3d  Mo.  Cav.,  the  first  company  of  Shelby's  old  brigade,  which 
was  organized  by  Shelby  himself.  The  regiment  was  commanded  by  Col. 
Frank  Gordon.  About  twelve  months  after  he  enlisted,  the  regiment  was 
put  into  Shelby's  brigade,  mostly  recruited  from  this  county.  His  com- 
pany being  the  oldest  and  best  drilled  in  the  brigade,  they  generally  had  the 
brunt  to  bear  in  battle,  and  when  picked  men  were  chosen  for  special  and 
daring  service,  they  were  generally  taken  from  Company  "  A  "  of  Gor- 
don's regiment.  Mr.  Downing  served  the  entire  four  years  under  Shelby, 
being  in  nearly  all  the  battles  west  of  the  river,  Pea  Ridge,  Oak  Hill,  Little 
Rock,  Prairie  Grove,  Hartsville,  Springfield,  Marshall,  Lexington,  the  Big 
and  Little  Blue,  Westport,  etc.,  etc.  He  was  altogether  in  about  two 
hundred  fights.  He  was  never  seriously  wounded,  and  had  his  horse  shot 
under  him.  He  was  twice  captured,  once  in  1861  in  Bates  County,  Mo., 
by  Jim  Lane,  was  paroled,  and  returned  to  this  county  on  foot.  He  was 
then  dragged,  with  his  father,  to  Lexington  and  imprisoned  in  a  dungeon 
by  Capt.  Clayton,  of  the  Kansas  troops,  who  refused  to  recognize  Lane's 
parole.  He  was,  however,  released  in  a  short  time,  and  made  his  way  at 
once  to  Shelby,  considering  that  his  arrest  by  Clayton  released  him  from 
his  parole.  He  was  again  captured,  in  1865,  at  Duval's  Bluff,  Ark.,  taken 
to  Little  Rock,  where  he  was  at  the  surrender.  He  was  released  in  April, 
1865.  and  reached  home  in  May,  since  which  time  he  has  lived  on  his 
farm,  but  a  short  distance  from  the  home  and  farm  of  his  old  leader,  Gen. 
Shelby.  Mr.  Downing  has  never  been  married.  As  he  was  a  good  sol- 
dier, so  he  has  proved  a  good  citizen,  and  stands  high  among  his  neigh- 
bors, who  are,  many  of  them,  his  old  comrades. 

FREDERICK  D.  FULKERSON, 

deceased.  Though  no  longer  among  the  living,  Mr.  Fulkerson  will  long 
be  remembered  among  the  old  citizens  of  Lafayette  county.  He  was  born 
in  Lee  county,  Virginia,  March  17,  1809,  and  was  the  son  of  Peter  and 
Margaret  Fulkerson.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in  Lee  county,  and 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1S56.  Being  raised  on  a  farm,  he  never  followed 
any  other  calling.  He  operated  a  large  farm  in  Virginia,  and  owned 
there  a  large  body  of  slaves.  Having  sold  his  land  in  Virginia,  in  1856, 
he  moved  his  family  and  slaves  to  this  county,  where  he  purchased  a 
large  farm,  on  which  his  widow  still  resides.  They  moved  from  Virginia 
to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  wagons,  and  there  embarked  on  the  river,  by 
which  they  came  to  this  county,  two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  Hig- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  565 

ginsville,  where  he  continued  to  live  until  his  death.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried—first to  Miss  Nancy  A.  Dunn,  May  31,  1842,  daughter  of  John 
Dunn,  a  Scotch  gentleman  who  had  settled  in  Lee  county,  Virginia.  She 
lived  about  seven  years,  and  died  December  5,  1849.  His  second  mar- 
riage was  February  16,  1851,  to  Miss  W.  Melissa  Dunn,  a  younger  sister 
of  his  first  wife,  who  now  survives  him.  By  his  first  marriage  he  had  one 
son  and  three  daughters  living;  all  married  except  one  daughter.  By  his 
last  union  he  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  living.  Mr.  Fulkerson 
took  no  part  in  the  civil  war,  but  remained  quietly  at  home.  He  was 
always  a  union  man  and  strongly  opposed  secession.  He  was  driven  from 
his  home  for  a  short  time.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
as  was  also  both  his  wives.  He  also  belonged  to  the  masonic  order, 
though  he  attended  no  lodge  after  coming  to  this  state.  He  suffered 
greatly  with  rheumatism  prior  to  his  death,  but  died  peacefully  July  18, 
1868.  In  his  death  the  county  lost  a  first-class  citizen,  and  his  family  a 
faithful  husband  and  father. 

BENJAMIN  C.  RIDGE, 

P.  O.  Higginsville,  Missouri;  son  of  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  this  part 
of  the  county  where  he  now  resides.  His  father,  Wm.  Ridge,  died  in 
May,  1874.  He  emigrated  to  this  state  and  county  in  1834,  from  Adair 
county,  Kentucky,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  his  son  now  lives, 
between  two  and  three  miles  southwest  of  Higginsville.  Benjamin  C. 
was  born  in  Adair  county,  Kentucky,  September  20,  1833,  and  came  with 
his  father  to  this  county  the  next  year,  1834,  where  he  was  raised  on  a 
farm  and  educated.  During  the  border  war  in  Kansas,  he  went  there  to 
lay  claims,  and  to  assist  the  pro-slavery  side  in  the  struggle — was  not,  how- 
ever, engaged  in  any  of  the  fights.  In  1861  he  volunteered  in  the  3d  Mis- 
souri cavalry,  Gordon's  regiment,  under  Gen.  Shelby.  He  served  through- 
out the  war,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Cathage,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lexing- 
ton, Prairie  Grove,  Mark's  Mill,  Jenkins'  Ferry,  Little  Rock  to  Camden, 
in  Shelby's  raid,  and  in  the  battles  of  Price's  last  raid.  He  was  wounded 
in  the  Westport  battle  in  1864.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  this  county 
and  to  farming;  in  which  he  has  since  been  engaged.  May  8,  1866,  he 
was  married' to  Miss  Winnie  R.  Warren,  daughter  of  Anderson  Warren, 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  county.  He  has  had  six  children,  five  of  them 
now  living.     Both  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church. 

THOMAS  SHELBY, 

postoffice,  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Marion  county,  near  Lebanon, 
Ky.,  Sept.  23,  1818,  and  is  the  son  of  William  and  Nancy  Shelby,  {nee 
Edmonson).  Both  his  parents  were  natives  of  Virginia.  He  was  educa- 
ted and  raised  partly  in  Kentucky,  and  partly  in   Missouri.     In   1836  he 


566  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

came  with  his  father  to  this  county,  and  shortly  after  purchased  land 
between  Lexington  and  Dover,  on  the  old  state  road.  He  was  raised  on 
a  farm,  and  has  devoted  his  life  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  took  no 
active  part  in  the  war,  many  circumstances  combining  to  keep  him  at  home, 
but  did  what  he  could  to  aid  the  southern  cause.  He  has  had  a  large 
experience  as  a  trader  in  negroes  and  mules,  which  he  pursued  before  the 
war.  His  father  had  increased  his  landed  possessions  to  2000  acres  at  his 
death,  of  which  Thomas  now  owns  about  1100  acres,  improved,  with  an 
elegant  residence.  He  was  married  in  January  1838,  to  Miss  Nancy  H. 
Gordon,  daughter  of  Geo.  H.  Gordon,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who  was 
once  surveyor  of  this  county.  His  first  wife  died,  April  21,  1876.  He 
again  married  in  Dec.  1877,  to  Miss  Margaret  R.  Huston,  of  Ohio.  By 
his  first  marriage  he  had  thirteen  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 
By  his  last  marriage  he  has  had  no  children.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  church,  and  has  been  since  1818,  to  which  his  first  wife  also 
belonged.  His  present  wife  belongs  to  the  Episcopal  church.  His  child- 
ren are  members  of  the  Christian  church. 

TRAVIS  BUFORD, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  Oct.  1,  1847, 
raised  and  educated  in  this  county,  and  has  always  lived  here.  His  father, 
Manville  T.  Buford,  is  a  citizen  of  this  county.  His  mother,  Elizabeth 
Buford,  was  a  daughter  of  Wm.  Shelby,  deceased.  He  was  raised  on  a 
farm,  which  is  now  and  has  been  his  vocation.  He  has  a  fine  farm  of  325 
acres  six  miles  east  of  Lexington,  and  for  years  past  he  has  been  largely 
engaged  in  dealing  in  stock — buying,  feeding  and  shipping.  He  was  first 
married  on  the  9th  of  December,  1866,  to  Miss  Alice  Shelby,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Shelby,  who  was  also  his  cousin.  She  died  in  1870,  and  he  sub- 
sequently married  Miss  Mattie  Gordon,  daughter  of  Linn  B.  Gordon,  of 
this  countv.  By  his  first  marriage  he  has  one  son  named  William,  and 
by  his  second  two  sons:  Linn  B.  and  Manville  T.  He  is  not  a  church 
member,  but  is  a  Mason.  Mrs.  Buford  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church. 

ANDREW  J.  SLUSHER, 

P.  O.  Dover,  Mo.  Was  born  in  the  old  Slusher  homestead  in  this  county, 
four  miles  west  of  Dover,  March  5,  1829,  and  is  the  son  of  Christopher 
Slusher,  who  came  from  Virginia  to  this  county  in  1828.  He  was  raised 
and  educated  here, and  has  lived  here  all  his  life,  engaged  in  farming.  He 
was  a  southern  sympathiser,  and  joined  the  confederate  army  in  1861,  dur- 
ing Price's  last  raid,  and  was  engaged  in  nearly  all  the  fights  of  the  retreat. 
After  the  war  closed  he  returned  home  and  gave  his  attention  to  his  farm. 
He  had,  of  course,  lost  his  slaves,  and  nearly  all  his  personal  property,  and 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  567 

had  to  renew  and  build  up  his  broken  fortunes.  He  has  prospered  since 
the  war,  and  now  has  his  splendid  farm  of  867  acres  in  fine  condition.  He 
was  married  December  1,  1851,  to  Miss  Susanah  Jane  Woods,  daughter 
of  Archibald  C.  Woods,  deceased,  of  this  county.  They  have  had  ten 
children,  seven  of  whom,  two  sons  and  five  daughters,  are  now  living. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Grange,  and  stands  high  as  an  energetic  and  enter- 
prising citizen. 

YOUNG  HICKLIN. 

The  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  this  county 
and  was  born  on  the  old  James  Hicklin  homestead,  two  and  one-half  miles 
east  of  Lexington.  He  is  son  of  James  and  Agnes  Hicklin,  and  was  born 
July  29,  1842.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Wm.  Cross,  of  Howard 
county,  Mo.  His  father  was  from  Tennessee,  and  died  in  June,  1875. 
Young  Hicklin  was  raised  and  educated  in  this  county,  and  has  lived  here 
all  his  life,  and  since  the  war  on  the  old  homestead  farm,  where  he  was 
born.  When  about  fifteen  years  old  he  left  home  and  went  to  Texas,  and 
after  being  there  for  a  few  months  joined  the  Texas  rangers  on  the  fron- 
tier, and  was  with  them  under  Gen.  Ben.  McCullough  when  the  civil  war 
broke  out,  and  entered  the  confederate  service  under  McCullough  in  1861, 
but  remained  only  a  short  time  and  then  returned  home.  But  the  militia 
soon  got  after  him,  and  he  then  went  to  Jackson  county  and  joined  the 
recruits  under  Capt.  Hays  and  went  south.  His  father  sent  for  him  to 
return  and  assist  in  getting  his  slaves  to  the  south,  which  he  did,  being 
released  for  that  purpose;  but  he  was  forced  to  take  to  the  brush  to  save 
himself  as  soon  as  he  got  to  this  county.  He  then  went  into  the  regular  ser- 
vice under  Gen.  Raine,  and  was  in  a  battery,  commanded  by  Capt.  Rob- 
erts, at  Pea  Ridge,  and  was  with  this  battery  until  after  the  battle  of  Jenk- 
ins' Ferry,  where  a  section  of  the  battery  was  captured,  and  most  of  the 
men  and  horses  killed.  The  battery  was  charged  by  two  negro  regiments, 
who  murdered  the  men  promiscuously  after  the  capture.  Hicklin  escaped 
by  jumping  into  a  lake — was  afraid  to  surrender  to  the  negroes.  He  then 
made  his  way  to  Shelby,  and  soon  went  into  the  recruiting  service  under 
Cols.  Coffey  and  Crisp,  with  a  captain's  commission.  He  was  in  Price's 
last  raid,  but  left  the  army  on  leave  after  it  returned  south.  Went  to  Ellis 
county,  Texas,  where  he  remained  until  the  surrender.  He  was  in  the 
battles  of  Lexington,  Jenkins'  Ferry,  Prairie  Grove,  and  numerous  minor 
engagements,  and  in  the  battles  of  Price's  raid.  He  was  captured  once, 
at  Little  Rock,  but  was  exchanged  in  a  short  time.  After  he  returned 
home  in  1865  he  still  had  trouble  with  the  militia  element,  but  held  his 
own,  until  the  times  got  quiet.  While  with  a  friend,  Arch  Clemments,  in 
Lexington,  they  were  attacked.     Clemments  was  shot  down,  but  Hicklin 


568  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

escaped  by  running  and  going  for  a  time  to  Saline  county.  He  was  mar- 
ried June  6,  1869,  to  Miss  Eliza  Plummer,  of  Saline  county.  They  have 
three  children,  one  son  and  two  daughters.  He  was  engaged  five  years  in 
the  cattle  business  in  Colorado,  where  he  made  money,  and  in  1875 
returned  and  bought  the  old  homestead  and  handsomely  improved  the 
same.     Both  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  M.  E.  church,  south. 

LOCK  TERHUNE, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Mer- 
cer county,  Kentucky,  near  Harrodsburg,  August  6,  1835,  where  he  was 
raised  and  educated,  and  came  to  this  state  shortly  before  the  beginning 
of  the  war.  His  parents,  Isaac  and  Sallie  Terhune,  are  still  living  in  Mer- 
cer county,  Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  twenty  years  Mr.  Terhune  moved 
to  Jackson  county  in  this  state,  where  he  remained  about  four  years, 
engaged  in  farming.  In  1859  he  moved  to  this  county,  and  was  engaged 
in  managing  the  business  of  Mr.  Catron,  until  the  death  of  the  latter  in 
1862.  After  his  death  he  has  continued  to  manage  the  farm  for  Mrs. 
Catron,  to  the  present  time.  He  owns  two  farms  in  this  county,  one  of 
118  acres  on  the  Dover  road,  and  one  of  350  acres  on  the  Salt  Pond  road, 
which  he  manages  besides  managing  the  two  farms  of  Mrs.  Catron.  He 
was  married  in  October,  1876,  to  Miss  Mary  Ramey,  daughter  of  Andrew 
Ramey,  deceased.  They  have  two  daughters  living.  Mr.  Terhune  is  a 
Granger,  and  a  man  of  large  business  experience  and  sound  judgment. 

CAPT.  JAMES  B.  S.  KIRTLEY, 

P.  O.  Lexington  Capt.  Kirtley  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Kentucky, 
February  2,  1841:.  His  father,  William  Kirtley,  is  now  living  in  this 
county,  a  short  distance  south  of  Dover.  His  mother,  Elizabeth  Kirtley, 
was  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Shelby,  who  formerly  lived  in  this  county.  In 
the  year  of  his  birth,  1844,  Captain  Kirtley  moved  with  his  parents  to 
this  county,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  his  father  still  resides.  He  was 
raised  in  this  county  and  partly  educated  here  and  partly  in  the  Baptist 
college,  at  Georgetown,  Kentucky,  where  he  graduated  in  1867.  During 
the  war  he  served  under  Gen.  Shelby  in  the  confederate  army.  He  first 
enlisted  in  1861  in  the  state  guard,  in  which  he  was  captured  by  Jim  Lane 
in  Bates  County.  He  was  released  on  parole,  and  came  home  and 
assisted  his  father  in  moving  his  slaves  to  Arkansas,  and  then  rejoined 
Shelby.  After  the  batttle  of  Corinth  he  enrolled  in  Company  A,  First 
Missouri  cavalry,  Gordon's  regiment,  of  which  he  was  elected  second  lieu- 
tenant, and  was  captain  from  1863  to  the  end.  During  that  period  he  was 
on  Col.  Shank's  staff.  After  the  surrender  he  went  with  Shelby  to  Mex- 
ico.    He  was  in  nearly  all  of  the  principal  battles  west  of  the  river,  and 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  569 

some  east,  from  Carthage  in  1861,  to  Price's  last  raid  in  1861.  After 
remaining  a  year  in  Mexico,  he  returned  home  and  went  to  Georgetown, 
Kentucky,  college,  and  graduated.  He  was  married  on  November  11, 
1873,  to  Miss  Sarah  T.  McCord,  daughter  of  William  McCord,  deceased. 
They  have  had  four  children,  all  girls,  the  two  youngest  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing. He  is  a  member  of  the  Missionary  Baptist  church.  He  was  raised 
on  a  farm,  and  is  now  engaged  in  farming  on  the  old  McCord  farm  three 
miles  east  of  Lexington.     He  also  deals  largely  in  stock. 


FREEDOM    TOWNSHIP. 
F.  BRAECKLIEN, 

physician  and  druggist;  P.  O.  Concordia ;  born  in  Germany,  March,  1835,. 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated;  primarily,  in  the  common  schools,  and 
ultimately,  graduating  at  a  medical  college,  at  Wurzburg.  In  1856  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  landing  at  New  Orleans,  where  he  remained 
nine  months.  From  there  he  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  down  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  St.  Charles  county,  where  he  remained  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  While  here  he  was  married  to  Sophia 
Meyer,  a  native  of  Missouri,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  four  of 
whom  are  living:  Laura,  Thecla,  Ida,  and  William.  During  the  early 
part  of  the  war  he  acted  as  surgeon  in  Col.  Krekle's  regiment;  being  after- 
wards transferred  to  the  28th  Osage  regiment,  at  Jefferson  Cit}\  Sub- 
sequently, he  held  the  office  of  post  surgeon,  with  the  court  house  as  his 
hospital.  Afterwards  he  was  appointed  U.  S.  examining  surgeon  for  the 
counties  of  Osage,  Maries,  Miller,  and  Lafayette.  After  the  war  closed, 
he  practiced  for  nine  years  at  Westphalia,  Osage.  In  1873  he  moved  to 
Concordia,  where  he  has  since  resided.  January  27,  1880,  he  became  pro- 
prietor of  one  of  the  two  drug  stores  in  Concordia,  in  the  operations  of 
which  he  has  a  liberal  patronage.  This,  in  connection  with  an  excellent 
practice,  occupies  his  entire  time  and  attention.  The  doctor  and  his  wife 
'are  both  active  and  consistent  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  held 
in  high  estimation  by  all  who  know  them. 

HENRY  W.  THIEMAN, 

hardware  and  implements,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Born  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
Oct.  29,  1843.  In  1845  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to  the  United 
States,  coming  directly  to  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  the  county.     In  1870  he 


570  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Rihkop,  a  native  of  Canada.  They  have  had 
five  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living:  Henry,  Edward  and  Daniel. 
Mr.  Thieman  and  his  brother  Lewis,  composing  the  firm  of  Thieman 
Bros.,  are  engaged  in  the  hardware  and  implement  trade — doing  a  thriv- 
ing business,  which  has  been  gradually  growing  for  the  last  seven  years, 
during  which  they  have  been  engaged  in  it.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the 
Horse  Guards — Col.  Grover's  Regt.,  Capt.  Becker's  Co.  Was  captured 
in  the  first  battle  of  Lexington  and  paroled.  In  1864  he  re-enlisted  in  the 
15th  Mo.  Vol.  Infantry,  under  Col.  Wear.  Was  mustered  out  in  the 
spring  of  1865.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  at 
Concordia.  In  1866  he  was  elected  constable  of  Freedom  township,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  for  two  years,  in  a  manner  acceptable  to  all 
concerned.  In  1870  he  served  as  assistant  U.  S.  Marshal  in  taking  the 
census  of  Freedom,  Davis  and  Washington  townships.  In  the  iall  of  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  his  township,  in  which 
capacity  he  has  served  ever  since;  a  fact  which  of  itself  is  good  and  com- 
petent evidence  of  his  ability  to  administer  justice.  Mr.  Thieman  is  also 
president  of  the  Concordia  Savings  Bank.  He  is  a  whole-souled,  genial 
gentleman,  honored  and  respected  by  all. 

MOSES  WELBORN, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Was  born  in  this  county,  Oct.  30th,  1842.  In  1838 
his  father,  D.  M.  Welborn,  came  to  this  state  and  county  from  North 
Carolina.  While  in  North  Carolina  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Cath- 
arine Bodenhamer,  by  whom  he  had  12  children,  five  of  whom  are  now 
living:  D.  M.  died  in  the  fall  of  1880,  and  was  buried  at  the  Scott  grave 
yard.  His  wife  died  in  1863  and  was  buried  in  the  same  place.  Moses, 
the  third  child,  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  county.  He  now  owns  300  acres  of  fine  farming  land  situ- 
ated about  five  miles  south  of  Aullville.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company 
"  B  "—Col.  Phillip's  Regt.,  Slate  Militia.  He  participated  in  the  follow- 
ing battles,  in  all  of  which  he  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  becoming  a 
brave  soldier  and  an  honorable  gentleman:  Independence,  Blues,  West- 
port,  Mines  Creek,  Marshall.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  was  honorably 
discharged,  after  which  he  spent  three  years  in  Colorado,  engaged  in 
freighting.  He  is  an  energetic,  enterprising  business  man,  enjoying  the 
confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  deals. 

J.  KROENCKE, 

dry  goods,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Born  in  Bremervorde,  Hanover,  Germany, 
Dec.  4th,  1841.  Obtained  his  education  there.  At  the  age  of  13  he 
came  with  his  father's  family  to  the  United  States,  landing  at  New 
Orleans.     From  there  they  went  to  Benton  county,  where  he  lived  until 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  571 

he  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War.  He  completed  his  education  in  that 
ounty.  June  13th,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Home  Guards,  under  Col. 
?ook,  Company  "  B."  Was  mustered  out  Sept.  13,  1861.  Was  engaged 
i  the  battle  of  the  "two  barns  "in  Benton  county.  After  leaving  the 
rmy  he  came  to  this  county  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1864  he  was 
carried  to  Sophia  Brockman,  daughter  of  Geo.  Brockman  and  a  native  of 
liis  county.  They  had  four  children,  two  of  whom  are  now  living:  Anna 
nd  Mary.  His  wife  died  in  1870  and  is  buried  at  the  Lutheran  grave 
ard  at  Concordia.  In  1873  he  was  again  married  to  Sophia  Frerking,  a 
ative  of  this  county,  and  daughter  of  Wm.  Frerking.  By  this  union  he 
as  had  four  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living:  Ida,  Willi  im  and 
Arthur.  In  1869  he  opened  a  dry  goods  store  in  Concordia,  there  being 
nly  one  other  in  the  place.  His  is  now  the  oldest  firm  in  the  business, 
nd  has  a  good  run  of  custom.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Concordia 
lavings  Bank,  of  which  he  is  also  vice-president.  When  the  town  was 
icorporated  he  was  a  member  of  the  first  board  of  trustees.  Was  also 
lected  as  one  of  the  board  of  school  directors,  besides  serving  the  public 
i  other  minor  capacities,  which  fully  illustrates  the  confidence  reposed  in 
im  by  his  fellow-citizens.  Mr.  K.  and  his  wife  are  honored  members  of 
le  Lutheran  church  at  Concordia. 

E.  A.  TAYLOR, 

hysician  and  surgeon.  P.  O.  Concordia.  Was  born  in  Hunterdon 
ounty  N.  J.,  August  13,  1834.  When  he  was  seven  years  of  age,  his 
arents  brought  him  to  this  state  and  county,  and  settled  near  "  Parine 
Church, "  about  seven  miles  south  of  Lexington.  His  early  education 
/as  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  the  county,  under  the  tutorship  of 
is  father.  In  1866,  he  entered  the  N.  Y.  University,  as  a  medical 
tudent,  remaining  there  one  term.  He  afterwards  entered  the  St.  Louis 
ledical  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1872.  He  then  came  to 
lis  county  and  located  at  Aullville,  where  he  practiced  two  years,  at  the 
nd  of  which  he  went  to  Concordia,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  prac- 
ce  of  his  profession.  Previous  to  his  graduation  he  practiced  for  seven 
r  eight  years  in  Henry  and  Benton  counties.  In  1865,  he  was  married 
d  Florence  H.  McKee,  of  Quincy,  Illinois,  a  native  of  Va.,  by  whom  he 
ad  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living:  Ida  B.,  Anna  A.,  Ern- 
st R.,  Robert  M.  and  Grandin  F.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  "  A  ",  Col. 
Itieffel's  regiment,  just  in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle  of  Lexington, 
l  which  he  was  captured  and  afterward  paroled.  In  1862,  he  again 
nlisted  in  the  7th  M.  S.  M.,  under  Col.  Phillips.  He  acted  as  hospital 
teward,  in  which  capacity  he  was  engaged  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
)r.  Taylor  is  a  finished  scholar  and  a  genial  gentleman,  eminently  worthy 
>f  the  liberal  patronage  bestowed  upon  him. 


572  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNT  V. 

EMIL  F.  NINAS, 

marshal.  P.  O.  Concordia.  Was  born  in  Prussia,  March  12,  1842.  At 
the  age  of  ten,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States,  stopping  at 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  where  the  family  lived  for  five  years; he  there  complet- 
ing his  education,  begun  in  Germany.  He  attended  a  German  Academy 
at  Sac  City.  In  1857,  he  left  there  and  came  to  Missouri,  and  stopped 
near  Hannibal,  where  he  worked  on  a  farm  for  one  year,  at  the  end  of 
which  he  came  to  Lexington  where  he  remained  for  another  year.  From 
here  he  went  to  the  German  settlement  near  Cook's  store.  In  1867,  he 
Was  married  to  Matilda  Stinkle,  daughter  of  H.  D.  Stinkle.  By  this 
union  he  has  one  child:  Henry.  His  wife  dying,  he  afterwards  married 
Mary  Knoch,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  three  children: 
Elenora,  Laura  and  Arthur.  Mr.  Ninas  is  the  proprietor  of  the  city 
hotel,  and  being  a  genial  man  and  an  excellent  landlord,  his  house  is  well 
patronized.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  "D"  2d  Missouri  Infantry  for 
three  months.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  re-enlisted  in  same  regi- 
ment, Col.  F.  Schaffer,  in  which  he  held  the  rank  of  sergent  of  Co.  "E". 
He  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Perry ville, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Chattanooga,  Franklin,  Nashville  and  in  all 
of  the  engagements  of  Sherman's  command,  while  on  the  "march  to  the 
sea."  At  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  he  was  slightly  wounded  in  the 
right  side,  which,  however,  proved  not  to  be  serious.  Mr.  N.  has  a  good 
record  as  a  soldier,  and  a  reputation  as  a  private  citizen  of  which  any  one 
may  be  proud. 

A.  P.  REED, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Born  in  Jackson  county,  Illinois, 
June  28,  1844.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  the  place  of  his  birth  up  to  the 
opening  of  the  civil  war.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Fourth 
Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  with  which  command  he  took  an  active  part  in 
the  following  engagements:  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.  He  was 
badly  wounded  in  the  latter  battle,  in  consequence  of  which  he  lay  in  the 
hospital  for  two  months,  after  which  he  was  discharged  and  sent  home. 
Having  regained  his  former  haalth,  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  E,  Second 
Missouri  cavalry.  Was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Cape  Girardeau, 
Bloomfield,  and  in  Col.  Glover's  celebrated  charge  at  Black  Jack  Ridge, 
near  Four  Mile,  Missouri.  He  also  assisted  in  the  capture  of  the  cele- 
brated guerrilla,  Bollin.  He  was  twice  captured  by  the  guerrillas,  but 
happily  succeeded  in  making  his  escape  each  time.  Shortly  after  the 
war,  at  the  age  of  22,  he  entered  the  university  at  Nashville,  takine  the 
medical  course,  in  which  he  graduated  with  honor.  Shortly  after  he  was 
married  to  Julia  R.  Schwab,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  by   whom  he  had 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  573 

three  children,  none  of  whom  are  living.  After  his  marriage  he  went  to 
southeast  Missouri,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
for  twelve  years  at  Allenville,  Cape  Gerardeau  county.  From  there  he 
went  to  St.  Louis,  living  there  about  eighteen  months,  after  which  he 
located  in  this  county  at  Concordia,  where  he  has  since  resided,  enjoying 
a  lucrative  practice.  In  1877  he  was  again  united  in  marriage,  to  Miss 
Olive  Reed,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They  have  one  child,  Paul  A.  Mrs. 
Reed  is  a  graduate  of  Mt.  Hope  seminary,  Kentucky,  and  a  highly  cul- 
tivated and  estimable  lady. 

LEWIS  A.  OETLING, 

dry  goods  and  grocery,  P.  O.  Concordia;  born  in  this  county  in  1858.  He 
was  educated  in  the  German  and  public  schools  of  this  county  and  also  at 
Brownsville,  Saline  county.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  a  farm.  In  the 
spring  of  1880  he  entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Brunes,  in  the  dry 
goods  and  grocery  business  at  Concordia.  The  firm  are  carrying  a  well 
selected  stock  worth  $6,000,  and  are  doing  an  excellent  business,  amount- 
ing in  the  last  year  to  eighteen  or  twenty  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Brunes, 
his  partner,  is  a  man  of  excellent  business  tactics  and  social  qualities, 
which  combined  with  the  known  integrity  and  ability  of  our  subject,  repre- 
sent a  firm  of  which  the  citizens  of  Concordia  and  the  surrounding 
country  may  well  be  proud.  Both  men  enjoy  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  the  people  to  the  fullest  extent.  Mr.  Oetling  in  his  religious  views 
inclines  towards  the  Lutheran  belief,  of  which  church,  at  Concordia,  he  is 
an  active  member  and  a  staunch  supporter. 

ALBERT  ALTHOFF, 

editor  of  Missouri  Thalbote,  P.  O.  Concordia;  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
born  April  18,  184:5.  His  early  education  was  secured  in  the  country  of 
his  birth.  In  1866,  he  came  to  the  United  States,  locating  at  first  in  Ste- 
phenson county,  Illinois.  During  two  years  of  the  time  he  lived  there  he 
attended  college  at  Cincinnati..  Afterwards  he  moved  to  St.  Charles, 
Missouri,  where  he  taught  school  for  six  years;  the  length  of  his  engage- 
ment being  itself  a  sufficient  index  to  his  ability  as  a  teacher.  He  then 
came  to  this  county  where  he  resided  at  Lexington  for  three  and  a  half 
years,  engaged  in  teaching  a  private  school,  and  in  editing  the  Missouri 
Thcilb>te,  a  paper  which  he  took  with  him  upon  his  removal  to  Concor- 
dia and  of  which  he  is  still  the  editor  and  proprietor.  In  1870  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Mina  Freitag,  a  native  of  Germany,  by  which  union  they 
have  had  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  now  living:  Albert,  Arthur, 
Paulina,  and  Lydia.  On  October  11,  1880,  he  was  appointed  poormaster 
for  Concordia,  in  which  capacity  he  is  still  serving  with  credit  to  himself 
x 


574  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

and  the  community.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise,  as  shown  by 
the  multiplicity  of  his  duties,  in  all  of  which  he  conducts  himself  with 
ability. 

H.  F.  MEINECKE, 

furniture  dealer,  P.  O.  Concordia;  born  in  this  state  and  county,  March 
12,  1856,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1872  he  commenced 
learning  the  trade  of  cabinet  maker,  working  with  the  firm  of  H.  &  F. 
Winkler,  of  Lexington,  with  which  firm  he  remained  for  seven  and  one- 
half  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  had  thoroughly  mastered  the  art. 
In  1879  he  went  to  Concordia  and  opened  a  furniture  store,  carrying  a  full 
stock  of  goods.  He  is  doing  an  excellent  business,  selling  from  seven  to 
eight  thousand  dollars  worth  of  goods  per  year.  He  is  a  young  man  of 
much  promise,  already  enjoying  a  business  and  social  reputation,  acquired 
by  few  of  his  years. 

J.  H.  POWELL, 

station  agent  and  operator,  R.  R.,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Is  a  native  of  Han- 
cock County,  O.,  born  October  26, 1845.  Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools,  and  the  High  school  at  Finley.  In  February, 
1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  "  F,"  21st  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  under 
Col.  James  Neibling.  He  participated  in  the  following  battles:  Jonesbor- 
ough,  Goldsboro,  and  Raleigh.  At  the  last  named  place  he  was  captured 
by  the  "  Hampton  Scouts,"  and  detained  a  prisoner  for  17  days.  After 
the  surrender  of  Johnston  he  was  released  and  went  to  Richmond,  and 
from  thence  to  Louisville  by  way  of  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  was 
honorably  discharged  and  sent  home.  In  1870  he  came  to  Knob  Noster, 
Mo.,  entering  a  railroad  office  in  charge  of  H.  P.  Hull,  with  whom  he 
remained  two  years.  In  1872  he  came  to  this  county,  locating  at  Concor- 
dia, taking  charge  of  the  depot  as  agent  and  operator.  In  December  of 
same  year  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  F.  L.  Smith,  a  native  of 
Newark,  N.  J.,  born  in  July,  1855.  They  are  blessed  with  three  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  living:  Lillie,  Everett,  and  Gertrude.  Mr.  Powell 
is  a  man  of  worth,  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

J.  W.  MEYER, 

livery  stable,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Born  in  Lafayette  county,  September  8, 
1855.  His  early  life  was  spent  on'a  farm,  and  his  education  obtained  in 
the  public  schools.  At  the  close  of  his  school  life,  he  was  engaged  in 
farm  work  until  the  year  1877,  at  which  time,  he,  in  partnership  with  C. 
J.  Frerking,  opened  a  livery  stable  in  Concordia.  In  1880  Mr.  J.  H. 
Powell  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr.  Frerking,  the  firm  being  now  styled 
"  Meyer  &  Co."     Mr.  Meyer,  in  his  business  capacity,  is  keeping  pace 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  575 

with  the  demands  of  the  people,  having  his  stable  sufficiently  stocked  to  do 
all  the  business  required  in  that  line.  He  does  all  of  the  transferring  of 
goods  for  the  merchants  in  town,  and  in  fact  has  a  monopoly  of  the  busi- 
ness. 

D.  H.  SMITH, 

boot  and  shoemaker,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Born  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  Decem- 
ber 25,  1S59.  At  the  age  of  9  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Lexington, 
Mo.,  where  he  continued  his  attendance  in  the  public  schools,  completing 
his  education,  begun  in  New  Jersey  at  the  Johnson  Academv  in  Monroe, 
Ills.  About  the  year  1870  his  parents  moved  to  Concordia,  where  the 
family  has  since  resided.  There  he  learned  the  trade  of  shoemaker  from 
his  father,  and  has  been  engaged  in  it  since.  His  father  dying  June  9, 
1878,  D.  H.  purchased  hi^  stock  of  boots  and  shoes  from  the  other  heirs, 
and  is  doing  a  good  business  in  that  line.  He  carries  a  stock  worth  $1,500, 
and  his  yearly  sales  amount  to  $4,000.  In  1881,  February,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Emma  Huscher,  a  native  of  this  county.  The  young 
couple  start  in  life  under  favorable  auspices.  The  husband  has  health, 
strength,  and  a  good  business,  and  there  is  no  apparent  reason  why  their 
journey  through  life  should  not  be  over  a  path  strewn  with  roses  and  not 
thorns. 

GUST  A  V  WAHRENBROCK, 

carpenter  and  lumber  dealer,  P.  O.  Concordia.  Born  in  this  state  and 
county,  August  7,  1849.  Was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  educated  principally 
in  the  German  and  public  schools  of  the  county.  Attended  the  Warrtn 
County  college  for  five  months.  After  leaving  school  he  learned  the  car- 
penter's trade,  which  he  has  followed  since.  In  1873  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Louise  Egger,  a  native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  three  chil- 
dren: Albert,  Otto,  and  Robert.  In  1876  he  started  a  lumber  yard  at 
Concordia,  which  business  he  has  since  conducted  in  connection  with  his 
trade.  Has  a  stock  worth  $2,000,  and  is  doing  an  excellent  business,  sell- 
ing to  the  amount  of  $10,000  worth  yearly.  Mr.  W.  is  a  man  of  strict 
integrity  and  good  business  qualifications,  dealing  n'ith  others  as  he  would 
be  dealt  by.  His  father  was  killed  by  bushwhackers  a  short  distance  east 
of  Concordia,  an  account  of  which  is  given  in  the  war  history  of  the 
county. 

REV.  F.  J.  BILTZ, 

pastor  of  the  Lutheran  church,  postoffice.  Concordia.  Is  a  native  of  Sax- 
ony, Germany,  born  July  24,  ]825.  His  early  education  was  obtained  in 
the  place  of  his  birth.  At  the  age  of  13,  he  and  his  sister,  Louisa,  came 
to  the  United  States,  stopping  one  winter  at  St.  Louis,  and  in  the  spring 


576  HISTORY    OF    LAFAVETTE'  COUNTV. 

of  1839,  moved  to  Perry  county.  At  this  time  a  college  was  organized 
at  Altenburg,  of  said  county,  in  which  he  was  enrolled  as  one  of  the  first 
students.  He  spent  eight  years  in  this  institution,  graduating  after  tak- 
ing a  complete  and  thorough  course  in  theology.  In  1847  he  received  a 
call  from  the  congregation  of  a  church  in  Appleton,  Cape  Girardeau  Co., 
to  which  he  responded,  preaching  there  until  1853.  In  1849,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  V.  Wurmb,  born  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  They 
have  had  thirteen  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living;  Clara,  Bertha, 
Adolphus,  Julius,  Mary  and  Gustave.  In  1833,  he  moved  to  Cumberland, 
Maryland,  where  he  resided  until  1860,  having  charge  of  the  Lutheran 
church  at  that  place.  He  then  came  to  the  German  settlement,  in  Lafay- 
ette county,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  Lutheran  church,  of  which  he 
has  since  been  pastor,  having  the  care  of  this  little  flock  for  nearly  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century,  ministering  to  their  temporal  as  well  as  spiritual  wants. 
His  worth  as  a  man,  needs  no  other  index  than  the  above. 

CONRAD  STUNKLE, 

ex-judge  and  farmer,  postoffice,  Concordia;  was  born  in  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, Dec.  11,  1811;  was  reared  and  educated  there.  In  1837,  he  came 
to  the  United  States,  over  which  he  spent  three  years  in  traveling.  In 
1840,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Gerberdinge,  of  St.  Louis,  formerly  of 
Germany,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing: Lewis,  Derinda,  (Mrs.  Frung),  and  Louisa,  (Mrs.  Bersicker).  In 
1845,  he  settled  on  the  farm,  where  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  185  acres 
of  excellent  farming  land,  which  joins  the  city  of  Concordia  on  the  north. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  county  court,  for  a  term  of  six  years. 
In  1875,  the  trouble  in  regard  to  the  compromising  of  the  Lexington  &  St. 
Louis  railroad  bonds  coming  up,  he,  with  his  associate  judges,  resigned 
office.  Judge  Stunkle  favored  a  compromise,  his  plan  being  to  have  a 
committee  of  the  people  to  wait  upon  Ihe  bondholders  and  secure  as  favor- 
able an  adjustment  of  the  difficulty  as  possible.  The  judge  and  family 
are  all  members  of  the  Lutheran  church  and  are  held  in  high  estimation 
by  all  who  know  them. 

REV.  JOHN  MEYER, 

pastor  of  Methodist  church  at  Concordia;  born  in  Germany,  Oct.  5,  1832. 
Was  raised 'and  educated  there  until  he  was  nine  years  of  age,  when  his 
parents  brought  him  to  the  United  States,  locating  in  Henry  county,  Mo., 
where  they  lived  for  sixteen  years.  He  then  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  he 
finished  his  studies  of  the  common  branches.  Being  in  somewhat  strait- 
ened circumstances,  he  was. obliged  to  pursue  his  studies  under  great  dis- 
advantages. By  dint  of  hard  work  and  close  application,  however,  he 
succeeded  in  acquiring  a  very  good  education.     He  is  a  self-made  man  in 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  577 

the  full  sense  of  the  word.  In  1865,  he  began  his  studies  for  the  minis- 
try, finally  passing  his  examination  before  the  Southern  Illinois  Confer- 
ence. In  1869,  he  was  ordained  an  elder  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  since  which  time  he  has  officiated  as  pastor  in  the  following 
named  places:  Second  Creek,  Gasconade  Co.,  Union,  Franklin  Co., 
Hopewell,  Warren  Co.,  Burger,  Franklin  county,  Lake  Creek,  Pettis  Co., 
Concordia,  Lafayette  Co.  He  settled  in  the  latter  place  in  1880,  preach- 
ing his  first  sermon  on  the  3d  day  of  October.  He  is  an  enthusiastic 
expositor  of  the  doctrines  which  he  has  espoused,  doing  his  duty  as  he 
sees  it,  regardless  of  consequences. 

W.  F.  WALKENHORST, 

teacher  and  farmer,  postoffice,  Concordia;  born  in  this  county,  Aug.  23, 
1844.  His  early  life  was  spent  upon  a  farm,  and  in  acquiring  an  edecation 
in  the  common  schools  of  the  county.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  company  C, 
Enrolled  State  Militia,  Major  Henry  Neill,  commanding.  In  1862,  he  re- 
enlisted  in  Co.  B,  M.  S.  M.,  7th  regiment,  commanded  by  Col.  Phillips. 
He  entered  as  private;  was  promoted  first  to  corporal  and  then  to  bugler. 
Was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Lexington,  Independence,  Blues, 
Westport,  Mines  Creek  and  Marshall.  Was  honorably  discharged,  July 
9th,  at  St.  Louis.  In  1870,  he  was  married  to  Hannah  Kuester,  a  native 
of  this  county,  by  whom  he  had  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  now  living: 
Isabella,  Emma,  Alberta,  Ida. 

JOHN  D.  KUESTER, 

postoffice,  Concordia.  Is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  March  11,1820.  Was 
partially  educated  in  his  native  land.  At  the  age  of  eleven,  he  came  with 
his  parents  to  the  United  States,  locating  in  Benton  county,  this  state; 
where  they  lived  until  1849,  when  they  came  to  Lafayette  county,  where 
they  have  since  resided.  In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  company  B,  7th  M.  S.  M., 
Col.  Phillips.  He  was  on  a  furlough  and  received  orders  to  report  at 
Lexington,  which  he  did.  Upon  his  arrival  he  was  captured  by  some  of 
Gen.  Price's  men;  detained  for  ten  days  and  then  came  home.  He  was 
with  the  party  of  Germans  who  were  attacked  by  bushwhackers  on  the 
10th  of  Oct.  1864,  near  Brownsville.  He  was  one  of  the  five  or  six  who 
succeeded  in  making  their  escape.  In  1852  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
Powling,  a  native  of  Germany.  They  have  six  children,  all  living:  Han- 
nah M.,  Emma,  Jonathan,  Edward,  Sophia,  William.  Mr.  Kuester  is  an 
industrious,  enterprising  man,  popular  with  his  fellow-citizens. 

FREDERICK  COOK, 

of  the  firm  of  Cook  &  Vogt,  hardware,  P.  O.  Concordia;  born  in  Osage 
county,  Mo.,  March  2d,  1S46.     When  he  was  eight  years  of  age  he  went 


578  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

with  his  father  and  family  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  lived  for  seven  years, 
in  the  meantime  acquiring  a  fair  education  in  the  public  schools.  From 
there  he  went  to  Freeport,  Ills.,  where  he  resided  until  after  the  war.  In 
1863  he  enlisted  in  Capt.  Green's  company,  142d  Ills.,  but  was  not  mus- 
tered into  the  service.  In  1866  he  came  to  Johnson  county,  this  state, 
where  he  lived  until  1876.  While  residing  here  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Stina  Frerking,  by  whom  he  has  three  children:  Dora,  Frederick,  Clara. 
In  1876  he  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  at  Concordia,  and  was 
engaged  in  general  merchandise  business  for  three  years.  During  the 
years  of  '79  and  '80  he  held  the  position  of  post-master.  In  1881,  Feb- 
ruary, he  entered  into  a  partnership  with  Julius  Vogt,  in  the  hardware 
and  agricultural  implement  business.  The  firm  is  doing  a  flourishing 
business,  carrying  a  stock  worth  $5,000.  Mr.  Cook  is  a  man  of  energy 
and  enterprise,  and  since  his  residence  in  the  county  has  contributed 
largely  toward  its  prosperity. 

HENRY  DEUCHLER, 
grain  dealer,  P.  O.  Concordia;  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  August  7,  1849. 
He  was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native  country,  where  he  resided  until 
the  age  of  18,  when  he  came  to  the  United  States,  over  which  he  spent 
one  year  in  traveling.  California,  Missouri  was  the  first  place  in  which 
he  stopped  for  any  length  of  time,  remaining  there  for  four  years, 
engaged  in  milling,  having  learned  the  trade  in  Europe.  He  also  worked 
for  three  months  in  Sedalia,  at  the  same  business.  In  1872  he  came  to 
Concordia,  where  he  has  since  resided  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
1875.  At  present  he  is  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping  grain,  doing  a 
very  lucrative  business.  In  1874,  August  10,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Lena  Brinckman,  a  native  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  They  have  had 
three  children,  two  of  whom  are  now  living,  Henry  and  John.  Both  he 
and  his  wife  are  active  and  consistent  members  of  the  Evangelical  church 
at  Concordia,  respected  by  all. 

MISS  LUCY  JOHNSON, 
milliner,  P.  O.  Concordia,  was  born  in  California,  Mo.  At  an  early  age 
she  went  with  her  mother  to  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  where  she  was  educated, 
graduating  with  the  highest  honors  at  the  State  Normal  school  of  that 
place.  While  living  in  Franklin  county  she  devoted  the  most  of  her  time 
and  attention  to  teaching.  She  was  engaged  in  the  schools  of  Warrens- 
burg, Knob  Noster  and  Holden.  In  1879,  being  a  practical  milliner,  she 
came  to  Concordia  and  opened  a  millinery  establishment,  in  which  she 
has  a  fine  stock  of  goods  and  is  having  quite  a  lucrative  trade.  Miss 
Johnson  is  modest  and  unassuming  in  her  demeanor,  intelligent  and  of 
good  social  qualities,  and  is  eminently  deserving  of  the  respect  and  liberal 
patronage  accorded  her  by  the  community  at  large. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  579 

REV.  W.  GAERTNER, 
pastor  of  St.  John's  church,  P.O.  Concordia ;  a  native  of  German y,born  Aug. 
13,  1846;  was  educated  there,  taking  a  Theological  course  at  the  "Mis- 
sion House"  at  Bremen.  At  the  age  of  3t  he  first  saw  the  shores  of  this 
mighty  republic,  locating  in  Saline  county,  Nebraska,  where  he  preached 
for  two  years.  In  1S76,  June  21st,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Louisa  Schlapper.  Their  union  was  blessed  with  four  children,  three 
now  living,  as  follows:  Paula,  Clara,  Hildegarde;  the  deceased  was 
named  William.  On  the  21st  of  September,  1877,  he  came  to  Lafayette 
county  and  located  about  three  miles  north-east  of  Concordia,  where  he  is 
now  living;  having  in  charge  as  pastor,  the  St.  John's  church.  Mr.  Gaert- 
ner  is  highly  esteemed  as  a  citizen  and  revered  as  a  pastor. 

JOHN  S.  KLINGENBERG, 
flouring  mill,  P.  O.  Concordia;  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  county,  born 
Dec.  26,  1850;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  raised  on  a  farm. 
His  father,  H.  H.  Klingenberg,  is  one  of  the  old  settlers  of  the  county;  he 
is  a  native  of  Prussia,  and  came  here  in  1837:  he  was  married  to  Cather- 
ine Brunyes,  a  native  of  Germany.  They  have  had  seven  children,  six  of 
whom  are  now  living:  John,  Henry,  Joseph,  Louisa,  Margarette,  Mary. 
John,  the  oldest,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  married  in  1873  to 
Matilda  Koenig,  a  native  of  St.  Louis  county,  Mo.  They  have  three 
children:  Albert,  George  and  Jesse.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  the  "Con- 
cordia Star  Mills,"  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  with  three  run  of 
stone  and  a  capacity  of  35  barrels  per  day.  He  is  also  the  owner  of  the 
warehouse  near  the  railroad,  through  which  he  handles  large  quantities 
of  all  kinds  of  grain;  is  doing  a  thriving  business.  Mr.  Klingenberg  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  at  Concordia. 

C.  W.  KEMMERLY, 
jeweler,  P.  O.  Concordia;  born  in  York  county,  Penn.,  Oct.  14,  1848. 
While  quite  young  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Sandusky  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  lived  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  His  early  life  was 
spent  on  a  farm  in  a  manner  usual  to  farmer  boys,  working  on  the  farm  in 
the  summer  and  going  to  school  winters.  In  1866  he,  with  his  father  and 
family,  came  to  Johnson  county,  Mo.,  where  he  lived  until  1872,  learning 
the  jeweler's  trade.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Aullville,  this  county,  and 
followed  his  trade.  In  1874  he  came  to  Concordia  and  opened  a  jewelry 
store  in  Thierman  Bros'  building,  where  he  displays  a  fine  stock  of  goods 
and  has  a  lucrative  trade.  In  1875  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Emma  Hasler,  a  native  of  Germany.  They  have  had  four  children,  two 
of  whom  are  now  living:  William  J.  and  Birdie  May.  Mr.  K.  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  church  at  Concordia;  a  man  of  worth  and  a  good 
citizen. 


580  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

DRURY   A.  RIDGWAY, 

real  estate  and  broker,  Aullville,  was  born  in  Georgia,  Jan,  28,  1820. 
Obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  that  state.  In  1842, 
June  30th,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Fanny  S.  Reese,  by  whom 
he  has  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living:  D.  A.  Jr., 
F.  V.,  E.  B.,  Kate  P.,  Annie  E.  and  Fanny  S.  While  living  in  Georgia 
he  was  engaged  in  farming  and  merchandising  at  Columbia.  In  1858  he 
moved  to  Mississippi  where  he  lived  for  the  next  ten  years  engaged  in 
cotton  planting.  In  1868  he  came  to  Independence,  Mo.,  where  he 
remained  one  year  and  then  came  to  this  county.  He  located  at  Aullville 
in  May,  1872,  where  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  real  estate  and  loan 
business.  By  the  solicitation  of  friends  he  was  appointed  justice  of  the 
peace  for  his  township  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  appointment, 
was  elected  for  ensuing  term.  After  serving  in  this  capacity  for  four 
years,  he  resigned  the  office,  much  to  the  regret  of  his  fellow-citizens. 
Mr.  Ridgway  is  an  influential  member  of  the  Methodist  church  at  Aull- 
ville and  a  man  of  intellectual  strength  and  force  of  character. 

JOHN  P.    ARDINGER, 

merchant,  Aullville  post  office,  was  born  in  Berkley  county,  Va.,  in  1839, 
where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted 
in  the  First  Virginia  cavalry,  commanded  by  Col.  J.  B.  Jones.  Was  en- 
gaged in  the  following  battles:  first  Manssas,  Seven  Pines, Wilderness,  Will- 
iamsburg, Yorktown,  Petersburg,  second  Manassas,Gettysburg,  Antietam, 
New  Baltimore,  South  Mountain  and  numerous  other  skirmishes.  At  the 
first  battle  of  Manassas,  he  was  slightly  wounded  just  below  the  left  knee. 
He  was  honorably  discharged  at  Appomattox  in  1865  and  in  1866  he  came 
to  this  county  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Greenton.  From 
there  he  went  to  Lexington  and  in  1872  he  went  to  Aullville,  where  he 
now  resides  engaged  in  a  general  merchandising  business.  In  1873  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Lucy  C.  Smith,  a  native  of  this  county.  They 
have  four  children:  John  P.,  May  S.,  Robert  C.  and  an  infant  not  named. 
Mr.  Ardinger  owns  390  acres  of  first-class  improved  farm  land,  located 
near  Pageville.  He  is  a  wide-awake,  energetic  business  man  and  an 
invaluable  member  of  society.     Is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church. 

JOHN  BENNETT, 

blacksmith,  Aullville,  Is  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  in  Knox  county,  at  Mt. 
Vernon,  Jan.  29,  1831.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
there  and  also  learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he 
moved  to  Jackson  county,  Mo.,  and  settled  at  Lone  Jack,  where  he  lived 
until  the  war  broke  out.     In  1853  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Snow,  a 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  58 1 

native  of  Jackson  county,  Mo.  Their  union  was  blessed  with  five  child- 
ren, only  two  of  whom  are  now  living:  Larestia  and  Linnia.  His  wife 
died  in  August,  1879  and  was  buried  at  Lone  Jack.  In  1862  he  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  Second  regiment,  Gen.  Shelby's  brigade,  under  Marma- 
duke.  Fought  at  the  battles  of  Lone  Jack,  Newtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Cape 
Girardeau,  Marshall,  Sprinfield  and  Hartsville.  He  surrendered  to  Gen. 
McReynolds,  at  Little  Rock  in  1865.  He  then  came  to  Lafayette  county 
and  lived  at  Dover  for  about  three  years  and  in  1868,  went  to  Aullville 
where  he  now  resides  engaged  in  blacksmithing.  Mr.  Bennett  is  an 
industrious,  reliable  business  man  of  whom  nothing  can  be  said  to  his 
discredit. 

LIEUT.  W.  A.  THORNTON, 

grain-dealer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Born  in  Orange  county,  Virginia,  Decem- 
ber 12,  1827.  The  first  school  he  attended  was  at  Gordonsville.  When 
quite  young,  he  went  to  Cooper  county,  Missouri,  where  he  grew  to  man- 
hood and  finished  his  education.  In  May,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  M.  S. 
M.,  at  Jefterson  City,  as  lieutenant,  in  Capt.  McCulloch's  company.  This 
battalion  was  soon  after  re-organized,  at  Coswkin  Prairie.  William 
Brown  was  elected  colonel  of  the  regiment,  Robert  M.  McCulloch,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel; R.  A.  McCulloch,  captain  of  his  company,  and  he  still 
holding  the  office  of  lieutenant.  He  fought  in  the  battles  of  Boonville, 
Drywood,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Iuka,  Bolivar,  Denmark  and 
Sweden,  Ft.  Pillow,  Holly  Springs,  and  in  all  other  engagements  in  which 
his  command  was  engaged.  In  1865,  he  was  surrendered  by  Gen.  Taylor 
to  Gen.  Canby.  At  that  time  he  belonged  to  the  Second  Missouri  cav- 
alry. Dr.  Thomas  Fields,  of  Alma,  C.  T.  Ford,  and  himself  are  the  only 
members  of  that  company  now  in  Lafayette  county.  He  was  in  the  first 
democratic  convention,  of  Freedom  township,  held  after  the  war,  for  the 
purpose  of  appointing  a  county  central  committee.  He  afterwards  went 
to  Lexington,  and  engaged  in  merchandising  for  several  years.  Then  he 
went  to  St.  Louis,  and  was  engaged  in  the  commission  business  for  two 
years.  From  there  he  went  to  Concordia,  and  engaged  in  the  grain  busi- 
ness; first,  in  partnership  with  Dr.  J.  H.  Woolridge,  and  lastly,  with  Mr. 
Frerking.  In  1873,  he  came  to  Aullville,  and  embarked  in  the  grain  busi- 
ness again,  where  he  is  at  present,  handling  immense  quantities  of 
grain.  As  a  soldier  he  has  a  clear  record,  and,  as  a  citizen,  is  at  the 
zenith  of  popularity  with  his  acquaintances. 

DR.  JACOB  WELBORN, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Aullville.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a 
native  of  North  Carolina;  born  December  19,  1816.  He  obtained  a  com- 
mon school  education  in  that  state,  at  Abbott's  Creek  School,  Davidson 


5S2  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

county.  In  1838,  he  came  to  this  state  and  county,  and  located  south  of 
Aullville,  and  engaged  in  farming.  He  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Dobson, 
and  in  the  year  1853,  he  graduated  at  the  St.  Louis  Medical  University. 
After  receiving  his  diploma,  he  returned  to  this  county,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1850,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
P.  J.  Spurgeon,  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  They  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren, five  of  whom  are  now  living:  Edward  L.,  Arthur  B.,  Laura  J., 
Walter  S.,  and  Charles  C.  His  wife  died  in  1865.  He  remained  quietlv 
at  home  during  the  war,  attending  to  his  practice.  In  1877,  he  moved  to 
Aullville,  where  he  still  risides,  his  time  and  attention  fully  occupied  with 
a  large  practice.  As  a  physician,  he  stands  among  the  leaders  in  the  pro- 
fession ;  is  progressive  in  his  views,  and  always  ready  to  seize,  with  avid- 
ity, upon  anything  which  tends  to  throw  light  upon  the  mysteries  of  one 
of  the  most  important  of  sciences — that  which  deals  with  human  life. 

J.  E.  SHACKELFIRD, 

drugs  and  groceries,  P.  O.  Aullville;  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  Novem- 
ber 19,  1844;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of  12  he 
went  with  his  parents  to  Preble  county,  Ohio,  where  he  lived  until  1869, 
engaged  in  farming.  He  then  went  to  Johnson  county,  Missouri,  where 
he  lived  about  eleven  years.  While  here  he  married  Cynthia  C.  Home, 
a  daughter  of  Judge  Home.  Their  nuptials  were  celebrated  in  March, 
1871.  They  have  one  child,  Jessie  J.  In  the  spring  of  1881,  he  moved  to 
Aullville  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  drug  and  grocery  business,  carrying 
a  $1,60<>  stock  of  goods;  has  a  good  trade.  In  June,  1881,  he  harvested 
a  crop  of  wheat  irom  the  "  Mock  farm,"  of  90  acres,  said  to  excel  in 
quantity  and  quality  any  other  ever  grown  in  the  township,  upon  the  same 
number  of  acres.  Total  yield  of  1800  bushels.  Mrs.  Shackelfird  is.  an 
active  and  leading  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  Mr.  George  H.  Eck, 
his  partner,  was  born  near  Frederick  City,  Maryland,  April  13,  1856.  At 
an  early  age  his  parents  brought  him  to  Preble  county,  Ohio,  where  he 
lived  until  January,  1879,  when  he  came  to  Johnson  county,  Missouri,  and 
lived  near  Oak  Grove,  for  two  years,  engaged  in  farming.  In  March, 
1881,  he  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  at  Aullville,  entering  into  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Shackelfird  in  the  drug  and  grocery  business. 

ABNER   WARD, 

wheelwright,  P.  O.  Aullville;  born  in  Randolph  county,  North  Carolina, 
July  17,  1823.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  a  farm,  working  on  the  farm 
in  the  summer  season  and  attending  school  during  the  winter.  At  the  age 
of  19  he  came  to  this  state  and  county,  and  located  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Aullville.  In  1851,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margarett  Mulkey,  a  native 
of  Lafayette.     They  have  had  six  children,  five  of  whom   are  now  living: 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  583 

Mary  A.,  Solomon,  Nancy  E.,  Emma  C.  Virginia  L.  In  1862  he  enlisted 
in  company  F,  first  regiment,  under  Gen.  Jo.  Shelby.  Fought  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Newtonia,  Cape  Girardeau,  Helena.  In  the  fall  of  1863  he  came 
home  on  account  of  sickness,  but  not  being  allowed  to  stay,  he  went  to 
Illinois  and  remained  there  till  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1869,  July,  when 
the  town  of  Aullville  was  surveyed,  Mr.  Ward  picked  his  lot  and  built  a 
dwelling  house.  In  1872  he  built  his  shop  in  which  he  carries  on  his 
trade.  He  is  an  enterprising,  industrious  business  man,  and  first  class 
mechanic. 

BENJ.  R.  BAMS, 

grain  dealer  and  hardware,  P.  O.  Aullville;  is  a  native  of  West  Virginia, 
born  September  3,  1846.  Obtained  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  was  raised  on  a  farm.  At  the  age  of  25  he  came  to  this  state  and 
county  and  shortly  after  went  into  the  grain  business  at  Aullviile.  In 
In  1875,  he  and  his  brother  James  H.,  went  into  the  hardware  business  at 
same  place.  They  carry  a  stock  of  about  $2,000  and  are  doing  a  thriv- 
ing business.  During  the  last  six  months  of  1880,  they  have  shipped 
112  cars  of  wheat  and  20  cars  of  corn,  to  St.  Louis.  Mr.  Bams  is  a  man 
of  business  tact  and  integrity  and  follows  the  Golden  Rule  to  the  letter. 

ROBERT  L.  BERRY, 

merchant,  postmaster,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Born  in  Macoupin  county,  Illi- 
nois, September  4,  1841.  Raised  and  educated  there.  Before  the  war 
he  was  engaged  in  merchandising.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  company  A, 
122d  Illinois  infantry.  Fought  in  the  following  battle,  Parker's  Cross 
Roads.  In  December,  1S63,  was  honorably  discharged  on  account  of  dis- 
ability, ensuing  from  a  wound  in  the  right  thigh,  caused  by  a  shell.  In 
April,  1864,  he  entered  a  dry  goods  house  in  Illinois,  and  remained  in  it  until 
1868,  when  he  same  to  this  state  and  county  and  located  upon  a  farm.  He 
farmed  until  1878,  whe  he  went  into  the  livery  business  at  Aullville.  He 
afterwards  engaged  in  a  general  merchandising  business  at  the  same 
place.  He  has  in  stock  $3,500  worth  of  goods  and  his  yearly  sales 
amount  to  $15,000.  He  also  has  an  interest  in  a  livery  stable  at  Higgins- 
ville.  In  1865  he  was  married  to  Miss  Pauline  Keller,  a  native  of 
Waverly,  this  county.     Mr.  Berry  is  also  postmaster  at  Aullville. 

DAVID  L.  HOFFMAN, 

carpenter,  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  born  October  8,  1842.  At 
the  age  of  three  years  his  father  moved  to  Jackson  county,  Missouri, 
where  they  livey  for  three  years,  and  then  went  to  Lexington,  this  county. 
While  living  there  he  attended  school,  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  of 
his  father.  &In  January,  1862,  he  enlisted  at   Sedalia,  in   company  B,  7th 


5S-4  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

regiment  of  cavalry,  Missouri  state  militia.  He  fought  with  this  regiment 
two  years  and  eight  months.  He  then  re-enlisted  in  the  13th  cavalry, 
company  H,  Missouri  volunteers,  under  Col.  E.  C.  Catherwood,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  May,  1866,  by  special  order  of  the  war  department.  In 
the  7th  he  was  second  duty  sergeant  and  appointed  provost  marshal  at  Mar- 
shall, Mo.  In  the  13th  he  was  first  sergeant  in  company  H,  until  November, 
1864,when  he  was  commissioned  2d  lieutenant,  of  company  F.  Was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Compton  Ferry,  Svvitzler's  Mills,  Springfield,  Marshall, 
Boonville,  Lexington,  Independence,  Blues,  Little  Osage,  Hartsville, 
Oxford  Bend,  and  numerous  others.  At  Lexington  in  1862,  he  was  cap- 
tured by  Col.  Cockrell's  men,  but  succeeded  in  making  his  escape,  during 
a  severe  storm.  After  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  he  was  sent  west  to 
fight  Indians,  and  guard  military  posts,  in  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and 
Western  Kansas.  While  there  his  sufferings  from  inclement  weather  were 
extreme.  In  1865  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Mary  L.  Kincheloe, 
a  native  of  Kentucky.  They  have  had  six  children,  five  now  living: 
Myrtle  F.,  Wm.  L.,  Sallie  M.,  Joy  L.,  Edward  C.  Mr.  Hoffman  is  now 
living  at  Aullville,  following  his  trade,  having  six  men  in  his  employ. 

ROBERT  GRAHAM, 

liquor  dealer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  born  May 
14,  1832.  While  quite  young  he  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  he 
staid  six  months,  going  from  thence  to  Maine,  where  he  remained  four 
years.  During  the  time  he  was  in  that  state  he  attended  night  school. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  where  he 
lived  about  three  years,  attending  school  the  greater  part  of  the  time. 
From  there  he  went  to  Chicago  and  engaged  in  the  stock  business.  He 
made  Illinois  his  home  until  1851,  when  a  severe  attack  of  the  gold  fever 
carried  him  off  to  California,  where  he  remained  three  years  engaged  in 
freighting.  Returning  to  Illinois  he  occupied  his  time  in  buying  and  ship- 
ping hogs,  etc.,  until  the  civil  war  broke  out,  when  he  again  returned  to 
California,  where  he  remained  until  1868.  He  then  went  to  Mexico,  where 
he  lived  for  one  year  engaged  in  mining,  meeting  with  considerable  suc- 
cess. In  1869  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  and  settled  near  Aullville, 
turning  his  attention  to  farming  and  coal  mining.  In  1877  he  located  in 
Aullville  and  engaged  in  the  liquor  business.  April  11,  1877,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Fields.  They  have  two  children  born  to  them, 
one  now  living,  named  John.  Mr.  Graham  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
church. 

MORDECAI  M.  COOKE, 

Justice  of  the  Peace,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Born  in  Warren  county,  Ky.,  March 
27th,  1817.     Was  bred  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  585 

Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  17  he  embarked  in  the  dry  goods  business 
at  Bowling  Green,  Ky.  At  the  age  of  27  he  left  Kentucky  and  came  to 
this  county,  where  he  lived  for  18  months  and  then  went  to  Johnson 
county  and  continued  in  the  same  occupation  for  a  year  and  a  half,  located 
at  Columbus.  From  there  he  went  to  Waverly  and  followed  the  same 
business  for  two  years.  In  1850  Mr.  Cooke  erected  a  building  and  put  in 
a  stock  of  goods  at  a  point  on  the  stage  line  between  Georgetown  and 
Lexington,  about  two  and  one-half  miles  west  of  where  Concordia  now 
stands,  which  has  since  been  known  as  Cooke's  store.  In  same  year  a 
postoffice  was  established  there  and  Mr.  Cooke  was  appointed  postmas- 
ter. After  a  residence  of  17  years  at  this  place,  he  sold  out  to  Mr.  Kane, 
and  went  to  Elmwood,  Saline  county,  from  which  place  he  came  to  this 
county,  locating  at  Aullville,  where  he  now  resides,  engaged  in  fulfilling 
the  duties  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Freedom  township,  vice  James  H. 
Bowers,  resigned.  In  1853  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  C.  Davis,  a  native  of 
North  Carolina,  and  daughter  of  David  Mock.  One  child  was  born  to 
them;  now  deceased. 

HAVILAH  SMITH, 

blacksmith,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  Fayette  county,  Ohio;  born 
July  23d,  1853.  Was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  public  schools. 
At  the  age  of  23  he  commenced  learning  his  trade  in  Clinton  county, 
which  he  followed  in  his  native  county  until  he  came  to  Missouri.  In  1878 
he  led  to  the  marriage  altar  Miss  Susan  Patton,  a  native  of  Stafford 
county,  Virginia.  They  have  one  child:  Minnie  E.  In  August  of  1880 
he  started  for  Missouri,  and  the  6th  of  Sept.,  same  year,  settled  at  Aull- 
ville, where  he  now  resides,  doing  a  good  business  at  his  trade.  Although 
but  recently  a  citizen  of  this  county,  Mr.  wSmith  has  already,  by  his  upright 
character  and  geniality,  secured  to  himself  many  firm  friends,  who  show 
their  appreciation  by  a  liberal  patronage.  He  and  his  wife  are  both  mem- 
bers of  the  Friends  church. 

JAMES.  R.  OSBERNE, 

firm  of  Osberne  &  Hammond,  livery,  P.O.  Aullville.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  a  native  of  Daviess  county,  Missouri;  born  Aug.  16th,  1846.  Was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  county.  At  the  age  of  20  he  came  to 
Lafayette  county,  where  he  remained  one  year,  then  returned  to  Daviess 
county  and  led  to  the  marriage  altar,  Miss  Margaret  Cope,  a  native  of  that 
county.  After  the  honeymoon  he  brought  his  bride  to  this  county,  where 
he  had  previously  prepared  a  home.  One  child  was  born  to  them,  named 
Lalla  G.  He  was  bereaved  by  the  death  of  his  wife,  who  died  Feb.  9th, 
1870.  In  the  following  year  he  took  a  trip  to  the  mountains,  hoping  by  a 
change  of  scene  to  assuage  his  grief  in  a  measure.      He  remained  in  Mon- 


580  HISTORY-  OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

tana  two  years,  engaged  in  freighting.  He  then  returned  to  this  county, 
and  Nov.  5th,  1873,  was  married  to  Miss  Bertie  Cooksey.  By  this  union 
thev  have  two  children:  Claud  A.  and  Daisie  M.  In  the  same  year  of  his 
second  marriage  he  purchased  a  farm  consisting  of  80  acres  of  splendid 
land,  located  one  mile  northwest  of  Aullville,  which  he  occupied  until  Dec. 
17th,  1880.  He  still  owns  the  farm,  which  is  a  model  of  neatness  and 
under  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  During  his  occupancy,  he  raised  at 
various  times  from  20  to  23  bushels  of  wheat  and  15  barrels  of  corn  per 
acre.  After  abandoning  his  farm  he  moved  to  Aullville  and  engaged  in 
the  livery  business,  entering  the  firm  of  which  he  is  now  a  member.  His 
partner,  Mr.  T.  D.  Hammond,  is  a  gentleman  of  high  character  and  strict 
integrity,  and  the  two  together  comprise  a  firm  which  is  eminently  deserv- 
ing of  the  liberal  patronage  vouchsafed  it  by  an  appreciative  community. 
Their  receipts  are  from  8  to  10  dollars  per  day. 

CHARLES  A.  GRAHAM, 

blacksmith,  Aulrville  postoffice.  Born  in  Lexington,  Lafayette  county 
Sept.  10, 1834.  His  early  education  was  obtained  in  that  city.  Lived  on 
a  farm  until  the  age  of  12.  He  learned  his  trade  of  a  man  by  the  name 
of  Cruse,  living  in  Henry  county,  two  miles  north  of  Calhoun.  He  fol- 
lowed his  trade  for  four  years  in  that  county.  He  then  went  to  Lexing- 
ton and  worked  for  a  man  by  the  name  of  John  Zeiler,  for  two  years. 
While  there  he  was  so  unfortunate  as  to  become  crippled.  He  then  went 
into  the  commission  business,  which  he  followed  until  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war.  In  1S62  he  was  married  to  Miss  Nannie  J.  Roberts,  a  native  of 
Johnson  county.  They  have  ten  children,  six  sons  and  four  daughters, 
named  as  follows:  Lulu  T.,  Nellie,  Roberta,  Jessie,  Stonewall  J.,  Chas. 
A.,  Joseph,  Selden  P.,  James  H.  and  Frank.  In  18G2  he  enlisted  in  Co. 
F,  General  Gordon's  regiment,  1st  Missouri  volunteer  cavalry — served  as 
blacksmith.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Cane  Hill,  Springfield, 
Hartsville,  Prairie  Grove  and  Cape  Girardeau.  In  1864,  as  he  was  acting 
as  mail  carrier,  he  was  captured  near  Calhoun  by  the  militia,  and  held 
prisoner  for  about  two  weeks,  at  Clinton  and  Sedalia.  Was  then  paroled. 
He  then  went  to  Illinois,  and  locating  at  Breeze,  followed  his  trade  for  a 
time.  We  next  find  him  at  St.  Louis,  where  he  lived  six  years,  working 
for  the  Marine  Railway  and  Dock  company.  From  thence  he  went  to 
Johnson  count}-,  and  purchased  a  farm,  which  he  cultivated  for  two  years, 
situated  three  miles  east  of  Hazel  Hill.  He  then  sold  his  farm  and  moved 
to  Aullville,  where  he  now  resides,  engaged  at  his  trade. 

H.  H.  HENDRICKS, 

harness  maker,  Aullville  postoffice.  Born  in  Adams  county,  near  Quincy, 
Ills.,  Nov.  25,  1852.      Obtained  his  education  at  the  public  schools  and  at 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  587 

the  commercial  college  at  Quincy,  in  charge  of  Mussulman  and  Howe. 
He  learned  the  trade  of  harness 'making  in  Perry,  Pike  county,  Ills.  Dur- 
ing the  years  of  '71  and  '72  he  was  engaged  in  farming.  For  the  next 
five  years  he  followed  his  trade  in  Streator,  Ills.  At  the  expiration  of  that 
time  he  came  to  this  county  and  located  at  Aullville,  working  for  dif- 
ferent firms,  at  his  trade,  among  them  that  of  R.  L.  Berry,  whom  he 
bought  out  in  1877,  and  engaged  in  business  for  himself.  Since  then  he 
has  built  up  a  good  trade,  carrying  a  stock  worth  $600,  and  making  sales 
to  the  amount  of  $275  per  month.  In  1880  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
L.  Curren,  a  native  of  Ohio.  Mr.  Hendricks  is  a  member  of  the  New 
School  Baptist  church. 

J.  J.  COOKSEY, 

trader,  Aullville  postoffice.  Born  in  Ohio  county,  Ky.,  Feb.  2,  1819,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated.  In  1840  he  went  to  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  and 
engaged  in  gold  mining.  Came  to  this  county  in  1855.  In  1843  he 
was  married  to  Miss  W.  Smith,  a  native  of  Virginia,  daughter  of 
Marvin  Smith.  They  have  four  children,  as  follows:  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Nevell,  Mrs.  A.  R.  Nevell,  Mrs.  Dudley  B.  Atchison  and  Mrs.  Roberta 
Osborne.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  Col.  Gordon's  regiment,  then  known  as 
"Gen.  Shelby's  old  regiment."  Was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lexington, 
Blues,  Westport,  Newtonia  and  Manas  des  Cygne.  He  then  went  to 
Texas,  where  he  remained  till  after  the  surrender.  He  then  came  home, 
and  was  engaged  in  farming  until  1875,  when  he  sold  out,  and  since  then 
has  been  engaged  in  trading.  Mr.  Cooksey  and  his  family  are  all  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  church. 

DR.  T.  J.  WATSON, 

physician  and  surgeon,  postoffice,  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  New  York, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated;  graduating  from  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  New  York,  in  1859.  Emigrating  to  Lafayette 
county,  in  1867  he  was  united  in  the  bonds  of  matrimony  to  Miss  A.  E. 
Jones,  a  native  of  West  Virginia.  In  1862,  he  entered  into  the  employ  of 
the  government,  in  the  capacity  of  hospital  surgeon;  located  at  Springfield. 
In  1863,  March  21,  he  was  commissioned  surgeon  of  the  32d  infantry, 
Missouri  volunteers.  From  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  first  located,  after 
being  commissioned,  he  went  to  Vicksburg,  where  he  remained  until  the 
surrender.  Was  engaged  on  the  fields  of  Vicksburg,  Pearl  River,  Chatta- 
nooga, Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  Dalton,  Atlanta.  After 
the  surrender  of  Vicksburg,  he  was  connected  with-  Sherman's  command. 
Was  appointed  surgeon  of  brigade,  by  R.  C.  Wood,  division  commander. 
Was  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,July  18, 1865.  Returning  to  Lafay- 
ette county,  he  located  near  Aullville,  where  he  now  resides,  engaged  in 


588  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

the  practice  of  his  profession.  The  Dr.  is  an  esteemed  citizen,  as  well  as 
a  successful  practitioner.  Ever  since  his  residence  in  the  county,  he  has 
had  a  vigilant  eye  upon  its  interests,  and  in  various  ways,  has  contributed 
to  its  welfare. 

J.  R.  WILEY, 

liquor  dealer,  postoffice,  Aullville.  The  subject  of  the  following  is  a  native 
of  Pettis  county,  this  state;  born  April  7,  1855.  At  an  early  age,  he  went 
with  his  parents  to  Iowa,  where  he  lived  for  nine  years,  located  in  Mills 
county.  Attended  school  while  there.  In  1866,  the  family  moved  to 
Lafayette  county,  and  located  on  a  farm,  where  J.  R.  grew  to  manhood, 
his  time  employed  in  a  manner  customary  to  that  of  farmer  lads,  engaged 
in  developing  the  physical  faculties,  at  farm  work,  in  summer,  and  the 
mental,  at  school,  in  winter.  In  1877,  he  was  united  in  the  bonds  of  mat- 
rimony to  Miss  Amelia  Jackson,  of  this  county.  They  have  one  child: 
William  S.  In  1880,  he  moved  to  Aullville  and  formed  a  partnership  with 
Mr.  Graham  in  the  liquor  business.     The  firm  is  having  a  lucrative  trade. 

G.  P.  SCHWEITZER, 

shoemaker,  postoffice,  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  this  state;  born  in  St. 
Louis,  May  9,  1857,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated;  attending  school 
until  1869.  In  1871,  he  commenced  learning  the  trade  of  shoemaker, 
which  he  followed  in  his  native  city,  until  Nov.  4,  1880,  when  he  went  to 
Clinton,  Henry  county,  where  he  remained  until  Jan.  5,  1881,  occupied  at 
his  trade.  He  then  came  to  this  county,  and  locating  at  Aullville,  opened 
a  shop,  where  by  his  courtesy  and  close  attention  to  the  wants  of  his  cus- 
tomers, he  has  succeeded  in  establishing  himself  in  a  lucrative  business. 
His  receipts  amout  to  $2000  per  year.  In  Feb.  1881,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Lizzie  Deganhardt,  a  native  of  Alton,  Ills.  The  nup- 
tials were  celebrated  at  Jerseyville,  Ills.  Mr.  Schweitzer  and  wife  are 
both  active  and  consistent  members  of  the  Catholic  church. 

B.  E.  NEVILLE, 

postoffice,  Aullville.  Was  born  in  Warren  county,  Va.,  June  4,  1837, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  From  the  age  of  15  to  21,  he  was 
engaged  at  the  blacksmith's  trade.  Upon  arriving  at  the  latter  age,  he 
came  west,  to  this  county,  and  engaged  in  farm  work.  In  1863,  while 
living  in  Saline  county,  (having  moved  there  a  short  time  previously),  he 
enlisted  in  company  D,  Gen.  Marmaduke's  body-guard.  He  fought  in 
the  following  engagements,  in  all  of  which  he  conducted  himself  in  a  man- 
ner becoming  a  soldier  and  a  gentleman:  Prairie  de  Ann,  Jenkins'  Ferry, 
Lake  Village,  one  near  Jefferson  City,  Marias  de  Cygne,  being  but  a  few 
feet  from  Gen.  Marmaduke,   when  he   was  captured  at  the  latter  place. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  589 

He  surrendered  at  Shreveport  and  returned  to  Saline  county,  where  he 
remained  only  a  few  months,  and  then  came  to  the  neighborhood  of  Aull- 
ville,  this  county.  He  now  resides  in  Aullville.  Mr.  Neville  is  a  genial, 
whole-souled  gentleman,  possessing  the  confidence  of  all  who  know  him. 

WM.  H.  PERDUE, 

farmer;  P.  O.  Aullville,  the  sixth  son  of  Henry  Perdue,  and  his  second 
wife,  is  a  native  of  Clark  county,  Indiana;  born  August  3, 18-41.  Obtained 
his  education,  principally,  in  that  state,  where  he  lived  until  the  age  of  15, 
when  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Lafayette  .county,  and  settled  upon  the 
farm  upon  which  he  is  now  living.  After  arriving  in  this  county  he 
attended  school  for  one  year,  which  finished  his  school  days,  and  after 
which  he  became  engaged  in  active  life.  His  farm  consists  of  137  acres 
of  excellent  land.  Is  giving  some  attention  to  stock  raising.  In  1868  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Lucinda  J.  Rutherford,  a  native  of  this  county.  They 
have  five  children  living:  Minnie  E.,  John  H.,  Jacob  W.,  James  O.,  and 
Pelina  C.  Mr.  P.  was  at  home  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  his  father,  who 
was  killed  by  the  bushwhackers  during  the  early  part  of  the  war.  In 
October,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Capt  Taggart's  company,  Col.  Henry  Neill's 
regiment,  E.  M.  M.  He  remained  in  that  service  about  one  month  and 
then  returned  home,  where  he  remained  until  August  of  1864,  when  he 
enlisted  as  private  in  the  45th  infantry,  Missouri  volunteers,  company  D. 
Was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Jefferson  City.  In  1863  he  was  tnken  pris- 
oner by  Dave  Poole's  bushwhackers  and  held  for  a  half  hour  and  then 
released,  after  being  deprived  of  his  horse.  He  was  discharged  from  the 
service  in  1865,  and  returned  to  his  home  with  a  good  record. 

OSCAR  V.  PERDUE, 

farmer,  P.  P.  Aullville,  first  son  of  Henry  Perdue  and  his  first  wife;  was 
born  in  Clarke  county,  Indiana,  in  1825,  June  24.  Was  raised  on  a  farm 
and  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  county.  At  the  age  of 
19  he  went  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  engaged  in  learn- 
ing the  carpenter  trade,  until  1855,  when  he  came  to  Pettis  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  worked  with  Mr.  W.  H.  Field  until  1856,  and  then  came  to 
Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  ever  since, 
except  while  the  civil  war  was  in  progress.  In  1868  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  E.  Whitworth,  a  native  of  Lafayette  county.  By  this  union 
they  have  four  children:  Mary  Ann,  Margarette  L.,  Edwin  V..  and  Sarah 
E.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Capt.  Taggart's  company,  Col.  Neill's  regi- 
ment, E.  M.  M.,  in  which  he  remained  six  months,  holding  the  office  of 
1st  sergeant.  In  1863  he  was  called  out  again  under  Capt.  Sumner.  In 
August,  1864,  he  re-enlisted  as  corporal  of  company  D.,  45th  Missouri 

Y 


590  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

volunteer  infantry.  In  1865  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  came  home. 
He  is  now  engaged  in  cultivating  a  fine  farm  of  148  acres,  which  presents 
an  appearance  which  suggests  the  thought  that  a  master  hand  was  at  the 
helm. 

W.  BOON  MAJOR, 

farmer  and  stock  raiser,  P.  O.  Aullville;  was  born  in   Franklin  county, 
Kentucky,  December  19,  1825.     He  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  partially 
educated  in  his  native  county — completing  his  education  in  the  high  school 
of  Frankfort,  Kentucky.     When  the  Mexican  war  broke  out  he  enlisted 
on  the  8th  of  May,  1846,  in  Capt.  Thomas  F.  Marshall's  company,  1st 
Kentucky  cavalry,  under  Gen.  Taylor.     Fought  in  the  battle  of  Buena 
Vista — his   company  having  the  honor  of   firing  the  first  guns  in  that 
engagement.     His  company  originally  consisted  of  110  men,  but  when 
they  were  mustered  out  at  the  end  of  twelve  months,  they  numbered  only 
33.     After  the  war  he  went  back  to  Kentucky,  and  in  August,  1847,  he 
came  to  Lafayette  county,  landing  at  Lexington.     In  the  following  year 
his  father,  Joseph  M.,  bought  560  acres  of  land  in  this  county,  for  $6.50  per 
acre;  a  portion  of  which    Boon  now  owns.     November  12,  1849,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Prudence  Worder,  a  native  of  Lafayette.     Shortly 
afterwards  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Wellington,  where 
he  sold  goods  until  1858.     The  following  year  he  took  a  trip  across  the 
plains,  remaining  9  months  in  the  mountains,  engaged  in  superintending 
some  business  operations  for  Russell  Major  and  Mr.  Waddell.     Returning 
from  this  trip,  he  engaged  in  farming  a  short  distance  north  of  where  he 
now  resides.     Mr.  Major  is  the  father  of  six  children,  all  living:  John  D., 
Joseph  R.,  Alfred  H.,  William  M.,  Kitty  J.,  and  Ida  M.     In  June.  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  M.  S.  G.,  company  G.,  Col.  B.  Elliott's  regiment,  in  which 
service  he  remained  six  months.     He  held  the  rank  of   1st  lieutenant,  and 
assisted  in  organizing  the  company.     In  the  spring  of  1862  he  re-enlisted 
in  the  regular  confederate  service — company  I,  Shelby's  regiment.     Was 
orderly  sergeant  of  his  company.     In  1863  he  was  commissioned  quarter- 
master of  the  regiment  commanded  by  Col.  Elliott.     He  was  engaged  in 
the  following   battles:     Coon  Creek,  Newtonia,  Hartsville,  Springfield, 
Pine  Bluffs,  Jin  kens'  Ferry,  Prairie   de  Ann,  Duval's  Bluff,  Clarendon, 
Helena,    Cape  Girardeau,  first  at   Lexington,  Jefferson    City,  Boonville, 
Potosi,  Ironton,  Pilot  Knob,  Chalk  Bluff',  Marshall,  Sedalia,  Independence, 
Blues,  Westport,  Little  Osage,  and  several  minor  engagements  too  numer- 
ous to  mention.     He  surrendered  personally,  at  Austin,  to  Gen.  Merritt. 
He  is  now  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising — owning  a  fine  farm  of 
242  acres. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  591 

JOSEPH  L.  YOUNGS,  JR., 

farmer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  The  third  child  of  Joseph  L.  Youngs,  Sr.,  was 
born  in  Newark  N.  J.,  December  2,  1835.  He  was  only  six  years  of  age 
when  he  came  to  Lafayette  county  with  his  parents.  They  first  settled 
on  the  farm  upon  which  Joseph  Jr.  now  resides.  Here  he  obtained  his 
•education  in  the  common  schools.  In  August  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the 
federal  army,  company  K  ,  14th  Missouri,  under  Col.  White.  Held  the 
office  of  second  lieutenant.  Was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Lexington  with 
Mulligan,  with  whom  he  surrendered  and  remained  a  prisoner  until  Nov. 
when  he  was  paroled.  Upon  being  released,  he  went  to  Miss.,  and  then 
to  Kansas,  where  he  was  captain  of  a  company  of  militia  from  Shawnee 
(  county,  for  a  period  of  three  months.  He  was  engaged  in  the  following 
battles:  Mine  Creek,  Newtonia,  Blues,  Westport,  Independence.  In 
1866,  he  returned  to  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  lived.  March 
4,  1865,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Lavina  Stahl,  a  native  of  Ohio. 
They  have  five  children,  viz:  Francis  E.,  Elmer  E.,  Lillian,  Joy  and 
Arthurleana.  Mr.  Youngs  is  now  engaged  in  farming;  occupying  a  por- 
tion of  his  farm  of  240  acres,  renting  what  he  does  not  cultivate  himself. 
During  the  season  from  October  '80  to  June  '81,  $8,000  worth  of  produce 
and  stock  was  sold  from  it.  When  quite  young,  he  recollects  of  there 
being  an  Indian  trail  extending  across  what  is  now  a  portion  of  his  farm, 
and  also  remembers  of  seeing  Indians  passing  along  on  their  hunting 
expeditions.  He  also  remembers  when  the  elms  in  his  door  yard  were 
set  out,  and  that  the  seed  from  which  the  walnuts  were  grown,  was 
planted  33  years  ago.  His  father  had  the  only  blacksmith  shop  in  that 
neighborhood,  located  upon  his  farm.  He  also  helped  build  the  first  rail- 
road cars  that  were  built  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Youngs  is  a  man 
who  commands  the  respect  of  all  with  whom  he  has  dealing. 

JOSEPH  L.  YOUNGS,  SR., 

deceased,  was  a  native  of  N.  J.  Born  March  5,  1804.  His  grandfather, 
Joseph,  was  a  native  of  England,  and  was  pressed  into  the  English  service 
as  a  seaman.  While  his  vessel  was  anchored  ofl  Long  Island,  he  jumped 
overboard,  swam  ashore  and  thus  escaped.  Such  was  the  origin  of  the 
Youngs  family  in  the  United  States.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
raised  and  educated  in  Essex  county,  N.  J.,  and  early  in  life  commenced 
learning  the  trade  of  wheelwright,  which  he  followed  until  he  came  to 
Lafayette  county.  He  was  first  married  to  Miss  Lydia  Rodgers,  a  native 
of  N.  J.  Thev  became  parents  of  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing, viz:  Edgar,  Joseph  L.  Jr.,  Isabella  B.,  (married  Charles  Hager), 
David,  Delia  A.,  (Mrs.  Cramer,)  and  Grover.  His  first  wife  died  Dec. 
17,  1861,  and  was  finally  buried  at  Oak  Grove.  He  was  afterwards 
married  to  a  Mrs.  Amelia  Ham.     In  1837,  he  left  N.  J.  and  moved  to  St. 


592  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Louis,  where  he  lived  about  three  years  engaged  at  his  trade.  In  1842, 
he  came  to  Lafayette  count}'  and  entered  some  land,  which  he  improved. 
In  1849,  he  went  to  California,  where  he  remained  until  1851,  engaged  in 
merchandising.  Returning  to  this  county  he  lived  here  until  '55,  when 
he  went  to  Kansas.  In  1867,  he  sold  out  there  and  again  came  back  to 
Lafayette  county.  The  sale  of  his  property  in  Kansas  proving  futile, 
however,  he  was  obliged  to  return  and  take  possession.  He  died  Nov. 
18,  1877,  and  was  buried  at  Oak  Grove,  beside  his  first  wife.  He  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Lafayette  county,  honored  and  respected  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

WM.  F.  McCLURE, 

farmer  and  stock  raiser,  P.  O.  Aullville,  is  a  native  of  Fountain  county, 
Indiana,  born  Nov.  24,  1847.  When  quite  young,  he  went  with  his  par- 
ents to  Mercer  county,  Ills.,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated,  attending 
the  Cameron  and  other  high  schools  of  that  county.  In  1866,  he  came 
to  Lafayette  county  with  his  parents,  who  settled  on  the  place  familiarly 
known  as  the  "Anderson  Warren  farm,"  where  he  lived  until  the  spring 
of  1881.  In  1868,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  a  Miss  Wilborn,  a  native 
of  Indiana,  and  daughter  of  James  Wilborn.  By  this  union  they  have  six 
children,  viz:  Fred.  W.,  James  S.,  Mary  E.,  Belle,  Eliza  and  Jessie.  In 
the  spring  of  1881,  he  purchased  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides, 
consisting  of  240  acres  of  fine  farming  land,  well  adapted  to  stockraising; 
situated  a  short  distance  southeast  of  Aullville.  Has  1000  acres  of  well 
set  grass  land  and  plenty  of  good  water;  also  a  fine  orchard  and  vineyard 
containing  many  varieties  of  fruit.  He  is  a  member  of  the  O.  S.  Presby- 
terian church,  and  stands  in  high  repute  among  his  acquaintances.  Has 
served  one  term  as  school  director  of  his  district,  and  is  quite  active  in 
promoting  popular  education. 

JAMES  OLER, 

farm  superintendent,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Is  a  native  of  Bedford  county,  Pa. 
Born  April  2,  1842.  His  early  life  was  passed  upon  a  farm.  Educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  the  county.  At  the  age  of  29,  he  came  to  Jack- 
son county,  Mo.,  and  engaged  in  farm  work  for  Nichol  &  Bro.,  with 
whom  he  remained  four  years.  He  then  branched  out  for  himself,  and 
cultivated  a  farm  for  two  years,  upon  his  own  responsibility.  While  in 
Pa.,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Louisa  Klahre,  a  native  of  Germany.  They 
have  five  children,  viz:  Caroline  E.,  Charles  W.,  Elmer  S.,  Mary  A., 
Sedora  M.  In  1879,  he  came  to  this  county  and  engaged  in  superintend- 
ing a  farm,  owned  by  Nichol  &  Bro.,  with  whom  he  had  previously  been 
associated.  This  farm  is  situated  near  Aullville,  and  contains  452  acres 
of  excellent  land,  which  presents  an  appearance  of  careful  and  intelligent 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  593 

supervision.  During  the  year  18S0,  $4,000  worth  of  produce  and  cattle 
were  sold. 

JOHN  W.  BROWN, 

farmer,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Was  born  in  Logan  County,  Ky.,  February  3, 
1828.  In  1829  his  parents  came  with  him  to  Lafayette  county,  where 
they  lived  three  years  and  then  went  to  Johnson  county,  where  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  lived  until  1866.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated 
in  the  typical  school  of  "  our  fathers  " — split  logs  for  benches,  and  mother 
earth  for  a  floor.  In  1845  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Nancy  Cor- 
nett,  by  which  union'  they  have  eight  children,  seven  now  living,  viz.: 
Amanda,  Sarah  E.,  Minerva  E.,  William  B.,  James  R.,  Mollie  D.,  John 
Edward.  Armilda  F.,  the  eldest,  deceased.  In  1866  he  moved  to  Lafay-^ 
ette  county  and  settled  on  the  farm,  now  owned  by  Boon  Major,  in  Free- 
dom township,  where  he  lived  until  March,  1881,  when  he  removed  to  the 
farm,  where  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  480  acres  of  excellent  land,  for- 
merly known  as  the  "Anderson  Warren  "  farm;  300  acres  of  this  had  been 
in  flax  previous  to  the  war.  On  the  south  end  he  can  plough  a  furrow 
one  mile  in  length  without  meeting  any  obstruction.  On  the  north  part  of 
it  there  is  a  vein  of  coal,  18  inches  in  thickness,  which  can  be  worked  with 
very  little  trouble  and  expense.  Six  living  springs  may  be  found  con- 
veniently located.  Within  the  past  year  Mr.  Brown  has  placed  several 
improvements,  in  the  shape  of  buildings,  upon  his  farm,  among  them  being 
a  frame  dwelling  house  costing  $2,000,  and  a  barn,  40x60,  costing  $500. 
In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  Company  "  F,"  1st  Missouri 
Cavalry,  under  Gen.  Marmaduke.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Newtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Springfield,  Hartsville,  Prairie  Grove,  and  Cape 
Girardeau.  At  Prairie  Grove  he  was  wounded  in  the  left  shoulder  by  a 
canister  shot,  which  disabled  him;  notwithstanding  which,  he  still  kept 
with  his  company  until  late  in  1863,  when  he  was  given  an  unlimited  fur- 
lough on  account  of  his  disability.  He  was  one  of  Marmaduke's  "  Blind 
Pickets,"  and  reported  to  that  general  personally.  Upon  receiving  his 
furlough  he  went  to  Texas,  wh^re  he  remained  one  and  a  half  months, and 
then  went  to  Green  county,  Ills.,  where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he 
returned  home.  Mr.  B.  has  a  fine  record  as  a  soldier,  and  a  gentleman 
possessing  the  confidence  of  all  of  his  acquaintances. 

ELLIS  C.JONES, 

deceased.  Was  born  in  Brooke  count}-,  Va.,  March  20,  1808,  where  he 
was  reared  and  educated.  Lived  on  a  farm.  In  1830  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Hettie  C.  Boyd,  a  native  of  Washington  county,  Pa. 
Her  grandfather,  Boyd,  living  in  Pennsylvania  in  about  1754,  with  three 
other  children,  was  taken  captive  by  the  Indians  who  murdered  his  mother 


594  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

and  burned  their  dwelling.  He  remained  a  captive  three  and  a  halt  years. 
Her  father,  John  Boyd,  was  a  veteran  of  1812.  Ellis  C.  and  wife  became 
parents  of  eight  children,  three  now  deceased,  and  five  living,  viz.:  John 
B.,  Rebecca,  Asenath,  Caleb  J.  W.,  and  George  R.  In  I860  he  brought 
his  family  to  Lafayette  count)',  and  settled  upon  a  farm.  He  died  in  1861 
and  was  buried  at  Oakland  Church  grave  yard.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  M.  E.  church.  Mrs.  Jones  is  now  living  on  a  farm  of  400  acres  of 
excellent  land,  on  which  there  is  a  good  substantial  dwelling,  where  she 
and  her  son  John  are  engaged  in  its  management.  Her  experience  dur- 
ing the  war  was  varied  and  trying  in  the  extreme,  her  husband  being  dead 
and  her  sons  away,  she  was  obliged  to  manage  affairs  and  protect  herself 
and  daughters  as  best  she  could.  She,  however,  proved  herself  equal  to 
the  emergency,  and  took  hold  of  the  helm  and  steered  their  bark  with 
safety  through  those  troublous  times. 

C.  H.  UPHAUSE. 

Mr.  Uphause,  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born  July  24,  1824;  was  raised 
there  and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three 
he  came  to  the  United  States,  landing  at  Galveston,  Texas.  After  remain- 
ing there  a  short  time  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  and  from  there  to  St. 
Louis,  where  he  remained  two  and  a  half  years.  In  1850  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia with  the  intention  of  mining,  but  meeting  with  poor  success,  he 
abandoned  the  business  and  went  to  Sacramento  and  engaged  in  the 
occupation  of  hauling  water,  for  nine  months,  making  considerable  money. 
In  1851  he  left  the  Pacific  coast  and  came  to  Lafayette  county,  Missouri, 
where  he  purchased  land  and  settled  down  to  the  occupation  of  farming. 
He  was  united  in  mairiage  in  1851  to  Miss  Margaret  Esselmann,  a 
native  of  Prussia.  They  have  had  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing, viz:  Martin,  John,  Mary,  Matilda,  Sarah,  Caroline  and  Lena.  Mr. 
Uphause  has  resided  in  Lafayette  county  continuously  since  1851,  engaged 
in  farming,  in  which  he  has  been  quite  successful.  He  now  owns  750 
acres  of  excellent  land  in  different  parts  of  the  county.  His  home  farm, 
situated  between  Concordia  and  Aullville,  consists  of  380  acres,  and  is 
well  improved.  In  1880  he  harvested  1,400  bushels  of  wheat  from  70- 
acres.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  church  of  Concordia. 
In  1862  Mr.  Uphause  enlisted  in  the  federal  fervice,  E.  M.  M.,  seventy- 
first  regiment,  Capt.  Taggart's  company.  Was  not  engaged  in  any  bat- 
tles.    His  postoffice  address  is  Concordia. 

F.  W.  TAGGART. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  born  January 
27,  1810,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated  at  a  subscription  school. 
His  early  life  was  passed  on  a  farm.     In  1833,  he  was  united  in  marriage 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  595 

to  Miss  Christina  Toakley,  also  a  natiueof  North  Carolina.  Ten  children 
were  born  to  them,  six  of  whom  are  now  living,  four  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, viz:  Jessie  R.,  F.  W.  M,  John  A.,  H.  C,  Tiriffa  C,  and  Mary  C.  In 
1845  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  and  purchased  the  farm  upon 
which  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  166  acres  of  excellent  land,  for  which 
he  paid  five  dollars  per  acre.  Mr.  Taggart  is  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
the  county  and  has  been  closely  identified  with  its  interests  since  locating 
here.  Is  energetic  and  enterprising,  and  by  watchfulness  and  economy 
has  secured  for  himself  and  family  a  pleasant  and  comfortable  home. 
Postoflice,  Concordia. 

WILLIAM  ROWE. 

Mr.  Rowe  is  a  native  of  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  born  June  3,  1808, 
where  his  early  life  was  passed,  engaged  in  farming  and  acquiring  an 
education.  Was  married,  the  first  time,  to  Miss  Amelia  Holt,  daughter 
of  Major  Thomas  Holt,  of  revolutionary  fame,  and  a  native  of  Virginia. 
She  died  December  23,  1863.  Mr.  Rowe  came  to  Lafayette  county  in 
1843.  He  afterwards  went  into  Johnson  county,  where  he  remained  but 
a  short  time  and  then  returned  to  Lexington  and  carried  on  an  agricultu- 
ral shop  until  1860.  In  about  1866  he  was  again  married  to  Mrs.  L.  J. 
Sparlbrd,  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  Since  1867  Mr.  R.  has  been  a  resi- 
dent of  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  engaged  in  cultivating  a  farm  of 
58  acres,  which  he  owns.  In  1S61  he  enlisted  as  private  in  Captain 
Joseph  Barnett's  company,  under  Colonel  Vard  Cockrell;  confederate 
service:  While  with  this  command  he  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington. He  was  with  Gen.  Price  on  his  raid  through  the  state.  Was  not 
attached  to  any  particular  command,  but  joined  Gen.  Shelby's  brigade  of 
his  own  accord.  Participated  in  the  battles  of  Independence,  Blues,  West- 
port  and  Newtonia.  He  surrendered  personally,  at  Houston,  Texas,  in 
1865,  and  came  home,  acting  as  escort  to  Mrs.  Colonel  Slayback,  who  had 
been  placed  under  his  protection.     Postoflice  address,  Concordia. 

LEWIS  S.  STOUT. 

Mr.  Stout  is  a  native  of  Davidson  county,  North  Carolina,  where  he 
lived  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  acquiring  an  education  in  the  meantime. 
Was  born  March  22,  1835,.  and  came  to  Lafayette  county  at  the  age 
before  stated.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  company  B,  7th  regiment  of  cavalry, 
Missouri  state  militia.  Was  blacksmith  for  the  company.  He  served 
three  years  and  was  mustered  out  at  St.  Louis,  in  1865.  In  1861  he  laid 
in  the  hospital  for  two  months,  suffering  from  the  effects  of  poisonous  vac- 
cine. In  1865  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Rebecca  Yokley,  a 
native  of  North  Carolina.  She  died  in  March,  1872,  leaving  three  chil 
dren,  two  girls  and  a  boy.:     Mary  A.,  Nancy  and  John  A.     Mr.  Stout  is 


596  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

now  engaged  in  farming,  owning  80  acres  of  excellent  land,  which  he  has 
brought  to  a  high  state  of  cultivation.     Postoffice  address,  Concordia. 

WILLIAM  B.  TAGGART. 

Mr.  Taggart  was  born  in  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  October  13, 1846. 
Was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  In  1865  just 
before  the  war  closed,  he  enrolled  in  the  State  militia,  but  was  never 
sworn  into  service.  In  1879  he  purchased  the  farm  upon  which  he 
now  resides,  consisting  of  fifty-five  acres  of  very  productive  and  well 
improved  land.  In  1880  he  raised  eighteen  bushels  of  wheat  and  thirty- 
five  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  His  farm  is  well  watered  and  contains  a 
fine  orchard.  Mr.  Taggart  is  an  excellent  business  man  and  enjoys 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellow  citizens.  His  postoffice  address  is 
Concordia. 

WILLIAM  HILLANS. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  October  23, 
1846.  Was  reared  and  educated  there,  obtaining  his  education  in  the 
common  schools.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  years,  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  landing  at  New  Urleans,  where  he  remained  for  five  and 
a  half  years.  While  there  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Bridget 
Welsh.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  them,  two  of  whom  are  now 
living:  Mary  and  Lizzie.  Upon  leaving  New  Orleans,  Mr.  Hillans 
came  to  Lafayette  county,  and  located  a  short  distance  southwest  of  Concor- 
dia, where  he  lived  two  years.  He  then  went  to  Johnson  county  and 
lived  ten  years  in  the  northeastern  part,  after  which  he  returned  to  this 
county,  and  purchased  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  situated  five 
miles  southwest  of  Concordia.  His  farm  consists  of  160  acres  of  well 
improved  land.  Mr.  Hillans  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and 
Mrs.  Hillans  of  the  Catholic  church.     Postoffice,  Concordia. 

JOHN    BUTTNER, 

deceased.  Mr.  Buttner  was  born  in  Forsyth  county,  North  Carolina,  April 
22,  1831,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one 
he  came  to  Lafayette  county  and  engaged  in  farming.  In  1856,  April  10, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth*  F.  Ray,  a  native  of  Lafay- 
ette county.  Seven  children  were  born  to  them,  five  now  living,  viz: 
Wm.  D.,  Minnie  L.,  John  H.,  Mary  E.  and  Cora  A.  In  1801  he  enlisted 
in  the  confederate  service,  under  Gen.  Shelby.  Participated  in  the  battles 
of  Lone  Jack,  Independence,  Blues,  Westport,  Newtonia,  Pine  Bluff  and 
numerous  others.  June  15,  1865,  he  took  the  oath  at  Shreveport  and 
came  home  and  re-engaged  in  farming.  Mr.  Buttner  died  July  20,  1879, 
and  was  buried  at  the  Ebenezer  cemetery.      Mrs.  Buttner  is  still  residing 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  597 

on  the  home  place,  situated  six  miles  southeast  of  Aullville.  Her  post- 
office  address  is  Concordia. 

EDWARD  H.  SMITH. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Lincoln  county,  Kentucky, 
born  June  2,  1830.  Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common 
schools.  In  1S54  he  married  Miss  Nancy  H.  Bradley,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. They  have^had  nine  children,  six  now  living,  three  sons  and  three 
daughters,  viz.:  Martha  J.,  John  W.,  Susan  M.,  Mary  L.,  Benjamin  H., 
and  Elias  E.  In  1847  heenlisted  for  service  in  the  Mexican  war,  in  Capt. 
J.  W.  Brannan's  company,  under  Zack.  Taylor.  Served  sixteen  months  as 
a  private.  In  1854  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  and  located  in  Lexington, 
where  he  lived  six  years.  He  then  went  to  Freedom  township,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  During  the  civil  war,  he  was  appointed  a  sharp-shooter 
at  the  battle  of  Lexington,  under  Gen.  Price.  Was  not  regularly  sworn 
into  the  army.  When  Major  Grover  was  ordered  to  Lexington  to  rescue 
Cols.  White  and  Grover,  he  took  fifty-four  prisoners,  all  citizens,  six  of 
whom  were  negroes.  Not  a  soldier  was  among  the  lot,  of  whom  Mr. 
Smith  was  one.  They  were  marched  from  Lexington  to  the  fair  grounds 
and  were  there  released.     Mr.  Smith's  postoffice  address  is  Aullville. 

HARMAN  BRAND, 

is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  January  23, 1841,  where  he  lived  until  seven 
or  eight  years  of  age,  when  he  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States 
and  located  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  com- 
pleted his  education  there.  In  1865  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Minnie 
Harwold,  a  native  of  Germany.  Seven  children  were  born  to  them,  four 
now  living,  viz.:  Ernest,  Edward,  Samuel  and  Daniel.  In  1878  he  pur- 
chased the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  440  acres  of 
excellent  land.  He  is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising.  During  the 
season  of  1880  he  raised  5,000  bushels  of  wheat  on  220  acres,  and  forty 
bushels  of  corn  per  acre.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Home  Guards— Cap- 
tain Baker's  company — under  General  Mulligan.  Was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Lexington.  After  the  surrender  of  the  city  he  was  paroled  and 
allowed  to  return  home.  When  Mr.  Brand  came  to  this  county  he  had 
nothing  but  good  health  and  energy,  with  a  will  to  do  something  for  him- 
self and  family.  By  industry  and  economy  he  has  become  possessed  of  a 
splendid  farm,  well  stocked  with  all  the  necessary  apparatus  for  its  culti- 
vation. He  formerly  owned  the  land  upon  which  a  portion  of  the  town  of 
Higginsville  is  located.  He  sold  it  to  Messrs.  A.  E.  Asbury,  Harvey 
Higgins  and  Capt.  Hugh  Smith.  Mr.  B.  and  wife  are  members  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Higginsville.     Postoffice,  Aullville. 


598  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

HENRY  KOPPENBRINK. 

Mr.  K.  was  born  in  Germany,  November  27,  1S45,  and  when  nine  years 
of  age  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents.  His  early  education 
was  obtained  in  his  native  country.  After  arriving  in  the  United  States 
he  again  attended  school  in  Johnson  and  Lafayette  counties — completing 
his  education.  In  1870  he  left  Lafayette  county  (to  which  he  came  imme- 
diately after  landing)  and  went  to  Johnson  count)7,  where  he  lived  five 
years  engaged  in  farming.  He  then  returned  to  Lafayette  county  and 
engaged  in  the  hardware  business  with  Mr.  Thieman,  at  Concordia,  where 
he  remained  three  years,  and  then  returned  to  his  farm  in  Johnson  county. 
In  August,  1881,  he  came  back  to  Concordia  and  in  partnership  with  his 
brother  John,  purchased  the  livery  stable  of  Meyer  &  Co.,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  the  livery  business.  In  1S69  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Dina  Stunkle,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children,  three  now  living,  viz.: 
Elenora,  Albert  and  Edward. 

JOHN  H.  WALKENHORST. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Lafayette  county,  born  April 
24,  1848.  Was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools. 
Was  married  to  Miss  Amelia  Stoll,  a  native  of  Germany,  in  1873.  They 
have  three  children,  viz.:  Julius  W.,John  M.  and  Horace  W.  Mr.  W.  is 
now  engaged  in  farming,  owning  seventy  acres,  situated  two  miles  south- 
west of  Concordia.  Is  paying  considerable  attention  to  stock-raising, 
particularly  swine,  of  the  Poland  China  breed.  In  1880  he  raised  700 
bushels  of  wheat  on  thirty  acres.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walkenhorst  are  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  church  of  Concordia.      Postoffice  address  is  Concordia. 

REV.  C.  SCHOEMAKER. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch,  pastor  of  the  German  Baptist 
church  of  Concordia,  is  a  native  of  Holland,  born  in  1818.  Was  raised 
and  educated  there.  In  1846  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  and  came  directly  to 
St.  Louis,  where  he  lived  six  years  and  where  he  obtained  his  theological 
education.  He  preached  four  years  in  St.  Louis,  during  which  time  he 
assisted  his  congregation  in  their  project  of  building  a  church.  He  then 
went  to  Buffalo,  New  York,  and  occupied  the  pulpit  of  the  German  Bap- 
tist church  there  for  nine  years.  From  there  he  went  to  Muscatine,  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  eleven  years;  at  the  close  of  which  period  he  came  to 
Lafayette  county  and  settled  near  Concordia,  where  he  now  resides.  He 
has  been  married  three  times — the  last  time  in  Iowa,  to  Miss  Dora  Nyen- 
house,  a  native  of  Holland.  Seven  children  were  born  to  them — six  sons 
and  one  daughter,  all  living.  He  has  two  children  by  his  second  wife. 
Postoffice,  Concordia. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  o99 

AUGUST  BROCKMANN. 

Tust  forty-one  years   ago,  in   1840,  while  the  parents  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  were  coming  from  Germany  to  the  United  States,  Mr.  Brock- 
minn  was  born  in  the  vessel  in  which  they  sailed.     They  landed  at  New 
Orleans,  and  then  came  to  Lafayette  county,  stopping  for  a  short  time  in 
St  Louis      Thev  arrived  in   this  county  in  the  spring  of  '41.     August 
obtained  his  education  in  the  German  and  English  schools  of  this  county; 
was  raised  on  a  farm.     In'  1863  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Sophia 
Oetling,  a  native  of  Lafayette  county,    Missouri.     Seven  children  were 
born  to  them,  five  of  whom  are  now  living,  three  daughters  and  two  sons: 
Anna,   Martha,   Emelia,   August  and  Fritz.     In    1868  he  purchased  the 
farm  upon  which  he  now   resides,  consisting  of  140  acres,  situated  three 
and  a  half  miles  south  of  Concordia.     In  1880  he  harvested  1,500  bushels 
of  wheat  from   fiitv-five  acres.     Mr.   B.  and  wife  are.  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  of  Concordia.     During  the  late   war  he  en  listed  in  the 
enrolled  militia,   Capt.   Brum's  company,  D,  under  Col.  Neill;  was  third 
corporal;  was  engaged  in  the  fight  with  the  bushwhackers.     He    was 
only  two  months  in  active  service,  the  remainder  of  the  time  (two  months) 
lying  sick  with  the  typhoid  fever.     Post-office,  Concordia. 

JOHN  HOLTCAMP. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch  is  a  native  of   Prussia,  ^many, 
born  March  2d,  1832,  where  he  obtained  his  early  education.     In  1844  he 
came  to  the  United  States  with  his  father,  Casper  Holtcamp,  landing  at 
New  Orleans  and   going  directly  to  St   Louis,  where  they  remained  «x 
months  and  then  came  to  Lafayette  county,  where  his  father  entered  land 
near  Concordia.     They  were  the  first  emigrants  from  **™£^ 
ted  in  this  countv     John  lived  with  his  father  two  yea™  a"d;h^ttta™ 
out  to  paddle  his  own  canoe."     In  1850  he  was  attacked  by  the     gold 
fever"  which  carried  him  off  to  California,  where  he  remained  until  1*56, 
engaged  in  mining,  meeting  with   a   moderate   degree    of    success    and 
burning  with  abolt  $1,700,  with  which  he  purchased  a   -m  a  short  dis- 
tance south  of  Concordia,  on  the  edge  of  Johnson   county      In   1858  he 
^united  in  marriage  to   Miss  *^*^^*£r££ 
children    were   born    to   them,   eight  now   living:  Henry   John,  Joseph 

h  Willt;  ass. -»  « "  ^nxs 

CTiS^.^  *»St  of  Anllvil,.  whe,  he  is 
still  residing,  giving  considerable  attent.on  to  stock  -»»**  1|»* 
enlisted  in  the  enrolled  Missouri  milit.a,  of  Johnson  coun  y  <*£  J°£  " 
company  40th  regiment,  serving  eight  months.  H,s  father  d.ed.n  1873, 
a°7e  "danced  age  of  seventy-two  years,  and  was  buned  m  the  Repubh- 
cln  church  graveyard.     Mr.  Holtcamp's  post-office  address  .  Anllv.lle. 


#00  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ROBERT  T.  LITTLEJOHN, 

deceased.  The  subject  of  the  following  sketch,  one  of  the  pioneer  set- 
tlers of  Lafayette  county,  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  October 
8,  1812,  and  died  November  10,  1877.  Was  raised  and  educated  in  his 
native  county,  where  he  also  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade.  About  the 
year  1830  he  came  to  Lafayette  county  and  entered  the  employ  of  Mr. 
Jack  Waddell,  in  which  he  remained  until  1842,  engaged  first  as  overseer, 
afterwards  as  miller,  for  five  years,  and  subsequently  in  the  capacity  of 
blacksmith.  November  12,  of  same  year,  he  married  Miss  Martha  Payne, 
a  native  of  Woodford  county,  Ky.,  and  daughter  of  Thomas  Payne,  who 
moved  to  Lafayette  county  in  1841.  Fifteen  children  were  born  to  them, 
thirteen  of  whom  are  now  living,  three  sons  and  ten  dnughters:  Mrs. 
Nancy  Roberts,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Barnes,  Mrs.  Caroline  Clary,  Mrs.  James 
Willis,  Mrs;  Georgia  A.  Wilborn,  Julia,  Ida,  Jenny,  Maggie,  Mattie,  Wil- 
liam H.,  Thomas  and  Augustus.  In  1844  he  purchased  a  farm  of  500 
acres,  situated  twenty-two  miles  south  of  Lexington,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death. 

CHARLES  B.  DOUGLASS, 

deceased.  The  subject  of  the  following  sketch  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
June  3,  1809.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  Kentucky,  where  he 
lived  until  1843.  While  in  Kentucky  he  was  married  to  Miss  Rebecca 
Rawlings,  a  native  of  Fleming  county,  Kentucky.  Eight  children  were 
born  to  them:  William,  Jonathan,  Henry,  Thomas,  Charles,  Nancy, 
Eliza  and  Sarah.  In  1843  the  family  moved  to  Missouri,  Johnson  county, 
near  Columbus,  where  they  lived  two  years,  and  then  removed  to  near 
Basin  Knob,  and  afterwards  to  Oak  Grove,  living  three  years  at  each 
place.  Then  coming  to  Lafayette  county,  they  lived  here  five  years,  and 
then  returned  to  Johnson  county  where  they  remained  until  1866.  Sep- 
tember 1,  1863,  a  company  of  the  seventh  Missouri  cavalry  and  one  of 
the  eleventh  Kansas  cavalry  came 'to  Mr.  Douglass'  house  and  took  him 
away  to  Davis'  creek  bottom,  in  Lafayette  county,  and  there  shot  him 
together  with  Dr.  William  Dobson,  and  left  the  bodies  lying  in  the  grass, 
which  was  as  tall  as  a  grown  person.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  following 
day  a  company  of  forty  men,  among  whom  were  Thomas  Douglass, 
Stout  Burton  and  Daniel  Dobson,  started  in  search  of  the  missing.  They 
found  the  bodies  after  some  search,  and  buried  them  at  Oak  Grove  Cem- 
etery. Mr.  Douglass,  politically,  was  a  constitutional  Union  man,  but 
took  no  active  part  in  the  war.  He  had  three  sons,  however,  in  the  con- 
federate army.  Neither  Mr.  D.  nor  his  family  ever  knew  why  he  was 
thus  taken  away  and  shot.  There  was  but  one  wound  on  his  body  and 
that  was  directly  through  the  heart.  Mrs.  Douglass  and  one  son  are  now 
living  about  three  miles  south  of  Aullville,  engaged  in  farming. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  601 

JESSE  HARGRAVE. 

Mr.  Hargrave  is  a  native  of  Guilford  county,  North  Carolina;  born  June 
24, 1827.  Obtained  his  earl}-  education  there  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  came 
to  Lafayette  county  with  his  parents.  Completed  his  education  at  Browns- 
ville "  Sweet  Springs  College,  "  Dr.  Lapsley  Yantis,  president.  In  April, 
1867,  he  married  Miss  M.  E.  Patrick,  a  native  of  this  county,  and  daugh- 
ter of  James  J.  Patrick.  Five  children  were  born  to  them,  four  of  whom 
are  now  living,  viz:  Horace  M.,  Anselm  J.,  Ida  M.  and  Almeda  A.  His 
father  Anselm  Hargrave,  bought  a  farm  near  were  Concordia  now  stands, 
where  Jesse  lived  until  1862,  when  he  went  west,  traveling  through  Wash- 
ington territory,  Idaho  territory  and  Oregon,  where  he  remained  until 
1866,  when  he  returned,  and  in  1868  bought  the  farm  where  he  now  resides, 
consisting  of  160  acres,  situated  six  miles  south  of  Aullville.  In  1880  he 
raised  900  bushels  of  wheat  on  forty  acres  and  forty-five  bushels  of  corn 
per  acre.  Mr.  H.  and  his  father  were  among  the  early  pioneers  of  that 
part  of  the  county.  Game,  such  as  deer,  wild  turkeys,  etc.,  was  plenty. 
At  that  time  their  milling  was  done  at  Dover  and  their  trading  at  Lex- 
ington and  Boonville — taking  their  swine  to  the  latter  place.  Wheat  was 
hauled  from  where  Concordia  now  is  to  Lexington  and  sold  for  twenty- 
five  cents  a  bushel.     Post  office,  Aullville. 

W.  K.  SAUNDERS. 

The  subject  of  the  following  is  a  native  of  Davidson  count}',  North 
Carolina;  born  Nov.  16,  1833.  There  he  was  raised  and  educated,  attend- 
ing the  common  schools,  Was  raised  on  a  farm.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  came  to  Lafayette  county  and  settled  on  the  place  known  as  the 
Franklin  Mock  farm,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  married  Sept.  6, 
1857  to  Miss  Lydia  R.  Field,  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  They  have  had 
four  children,  three  of  them  now  living,  as  follows:  Emma  J.,  Frances  A. 
and  William  L.  Aug.  16,  1862,  he  enlisted  as  fourth  sergeant  in  Company 
C,  Seventy-first  E.  M.  M.  He  participated  in  the  Wellington  fight  with 
the  bushwhackers.  Was  color-bearer  and  at  the  time  the  enemy 
charged,  he  was  in  the  stable  getting  feed  for  his  horse  and  had  left  the 
flag  on  the  outside,  which  was  captured,  he,  however,  succeeded  in  mak- 
ing his  escape  to  Lexington.  In  this  engagement  there  were  about  sixty 
Federals  and  about  160  bushwhackers.  He  was  discharged  in  December 
of  1862,  but  was  called  out  once  or  twice  afterwards.  In  August,  1864' 
he  re-enlisted  in  the  100-days  service  under  Col.  Rout;  but  on  arriving  at 
St  Joe,  finding  his  comp  iny  with  sixty-five  more  men  than  its  quota,  he 
was  sent  home.      Post  office  address,  Aullville. 


602  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

URIAH   FARRELL. 

Mr.  Farrell  was  born  in  Lincoln  county,  Ky.,  June  23,  1834,  and  at  the 
age  of  five  years  came  to  Missouri  with  his  parents,  stopping  one  year 
in  Saline  countv,  and  then  moving  into  the  southeastern  part  of  Lafayette 
county,  where  Uriah  was  educated— attending  the  public  schools.  In  1857 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Julia  Word,  a  native  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Nine  children  were  born  to  them,  seven  now  living,  viz:  Emma  F., 
Minnie  L.,  Bernetta  M.,  Harry  A.,  William  A.,  Charles  and  John  C.  In 
1858  he  purchased  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  100  acres. 
Is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  Fed- 
eral service — Capt.  Taggart's  company,  Seventy-first  Enrolled  Missouri 
Militia — in  which  he  remained  five  months.  In  1S51  his  father  William 
Farrell,  and  his  (Uriah)  oldest  brother,  Lapsley,  went  to  California  with 
the  gold  fever.  They  both  died  within  three  months  after  arriving  and 
were  buried  there.     Mr.  Farrell's  Post  office  address  is  Aullville. 

ROBERT  S.  SITTINGTON. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch  is  a  native  of  Highland  county,  Va.; 
born  February  25,  1848.  He  there  obtained  his  early  education  and  at 
the  age  of  eleven  years  came  to  Pettis  county,  Missouri,  where  he 
completed  it.  In  1865  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  and  in  18J0  pur- 
chased the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  consisting  of  160  acres  of 
excellent  land.  Is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising.  During  the 
season  of  1880  he  raised  1,000  bushels  of  wheat  of  fine  quality  on  fifty 
acres,  and  in  1881 — when  the  wheat  crop  was  comparatively  a  failure— he 
raised  750  bushels  of  No.  2  wheat  on  48  acres.  In  December  of  1870, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Susan  M.  Handley,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Handley,  a  native  of  Lafayette  county.  They  have  had  two  children,  one 
now  living,  Emma  J.,  the  other  dying  when  quite  young.  Mr.  Sittington 
is  one  of  the  substantial  business  men  of  the  county  and  one  who  looks 
after  the  interests  of  the  public  with  a  watchful  eye. 

B.  WHITWORTH. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch — probably  the  oldest  settler  of 
Lafayette  county  now  living — was  born  in  Guilford  county,  North  Caro- 
lina, July  7,  1819.  Was  educated  at  a  subscription  school.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen,  he  and  his  mother,  brother  and  two  sisters,  came  to  Missouri, 
and  located  in  Freedom  township,  where  Mr.  W.  worked  five  years  for 
Dr.  Davis,  in  the  Davis  Mill,  near  what  is  now  known  as  Kirkpatrick's  Mill 
— attending  school  a  portion  of  the  time.  He  afterwards  rented  the  mill, 
which  he  operated  for  two  years.  In  1844,  he  entered  the  farm  upon 
which  he  now  resides,  where  he  lived  three  years,  and  then  went  to  Lex- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  603 

ington,  and  operated  a  mill  for  nearly  a  year,  and  then  returned  to  his 
farm,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Owns  108  acres.  He  was  first  mar- 
ried, February  2,  1843,  to  Miss  Margaret  J.  Mock,  daughter  of  David 
Mock,  Sr.,  and  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  They  had  three  children,  of 
whom  two  are  now  living,  viz:  Margaret  J.  Perdue,  and  Mary  A. 
Webb.  His  first  wife  died  July  23,  1850,  being  killed  by  lightning,  and 
was  buried  at  Freedom  Chapel  graveyard.  August  19,  1852,  he  was 
again  united  in  marriage,  to  Miss  Phoebe  Farrell,  a  native  of  Kentucky. 
They  have  eight  children,  viz:  Thomas  A.,  William  R.,  George  W., 
Charles,  Bevill  W.,  Margaret  J.,  Clara  M.,  and  Annie.  In  August,  1862, 
he  enlisted  in  the  federal  service — Capt.  Taggart's  company,  Seventy-first 
regiment,  E.  M.  M.f  in  which  he  served  three  months,  and  was  then 
honorably  discharged.  In  1843,  the  county  court  appointed  him  an  over- 
seer, to  open  and  put  in  order  the  Lexington  and  Knob  Noster  road,  run- 
ning from  Merritt's  ford,  on  Davis  creek,  to  a  point  on  the  Johnson  county 
line,  near  John  Scott's,  which  appointment  he  filled  in  a  creditable  manner. 
In  1844,  he  was  appointed  deputy  constable  of  his  township,  and  was 
afterwards  appointed  by  the  magistrates,  to  fill  a  vancancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  Alexander  Wilborn.  Mr.  W,  has  long  been  a  resident  of 
this  county,  and  to  him  its  present  state  of  progress  is  due,  to  a  great 
extent.     Post-office,  Aullville. 

EDWARD  H.  HANDLY. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  Lafayette 
county;  born  March  12,  1856.  Obtained  quite  a  liberal  education  in  the 
common  schools;  spent  two  years  in  the  State  University,  at  Columbia, 
and,  in  1876,  graduated  from  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commercial  College,  at 
St.  Louis.  In  1878,  he  went  to  the  mountains,  and  engaged  in  mining, 
near  where  Leadville  now  stands.  He,  George  Tremble,  and  Simon  H. 
Foss  discovered  the  "Winnemuck,"  now  part  of  the  "Pittsburg  Consoli- 
dation Mine."  Was  engaged  in  the  law-suit  which  finally  resulted  in  the 
consolidation,  and  sold  out  his  interest  for  $5,000.  He  remained  there 
until  1880,  mining  and  keeping  a  feed  store.  In  February  of  that  year,  he 
purchased  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  situated  two  and  a  half 
miles  south  of  Aullville,  consisting  of  240  acres  of  first-class  land,  upon 
which  he  is  engaged  in  farming  and  raising  stock.  In  October,  1880,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  J.  Parker,  a  native  of  Johnson  county.  Post- 
office,  Aullville. 

DR.  JAMES  BELT. 

Dr.  Belt  is  a  native  of  Loudon  county,  Virginia;  born  July  20,  1821. 
He  spent  three  years  in  school,  at  Rockville,  Montgomery  county,  Mary- 
land, and  two  years  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  from  which  he  gradu- 


604  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ated  in  the  medical  department.  He  also  spent  six  months  in  hospitals  of 
Philadelphia,  in  order  to  perfect  himself  in  surgery,  etc.,  and  afterwards 
practiced  ten  miles  south  of  Frederick  City,  Maryland.  In  1851,  he  came 
to  Lafayette  county,  and  settled  in  Wellington,  where  he  opend  the  first 
drug  store  in  that  place,  which  he  operated  in  connection  with  his  prac- 
tice. In  1854,  he  went  to  Napoleon,  which,  in  1836-7,  had  been  a  thrifty 
town,  but  in  consequence  of  the  money  crisis,  which  occurred  during  the 
latter  year,  had  become  sadly  demoralized.  When  he  went  there  the 
town  itself  could  not  be  found,  the  lines  and  corners  having  been  obliter- 
ated. He  was  married,  April  18, 1854,  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Snoufter,  a  native 
of  Maryland,  and  educated  at  Urbana.  Eight  children  were  born  to  them, 
seven  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Charlotte  E.,  (Mrs.  Sittington),  Georgi- 
anna  S.  (Mrs.  Wilson),  Mary  E.,  Florence,  James  A.,  Ida  W.,  and  William 
C.  The  doctor  laid  out  the  town  where  Napoleon  formerly  stood,  and 
called  it  "  Lisbon,"  the  original  name,  however,  being  retained  for  the  post- 
office.  He  remained  there,  farming  and  practicing,  until  1876,  when  he 
removed  to  Lexington,  for  the  purpose  of  educating  his  children.  In 
1877,  he  purchased  and  removed  to  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides, 
consisting  of  eighty  acres.  The  doctor  is  intending  to  make  a  specialty 
of  raising  fine  stock,  and  fish  culture.  He  has  one  pond  already  well 
stocked  with  German  carp.  The  doctor  and  Mrs.  Belt  are  members  of 
the  Baotist  Church,  with  membership  at  Aullville.     P.  O.  Aullville. 

JOAB  WORTHINGTON. 

Mr.  Worthington  was  born  in  Davidson  county,  North  Carolina,  June 
5,  1831.  His  early  education  was  obtained  at  a  private  school.  In  1841, 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  Lafayette  county,  having  spent  the  previous 
winter  in  Indiana.  The  family  settled  upon  a  farm  located  one  half  mile 
east  of  where  Mr.  W.  now  lives.  March  2,  1862,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Eliza  J.  Allkire,  a  native  of  Hampshire  county,  Va.  They 
became  parents  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living,  viz: 
Charles  M.,  Edward  S.,  Annie  B.,  Bettie  E.,  Abba  C,  Hannah  D.,  and  an 
infant  son.  In  July,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  federal  service,  Capt.  Tag- 
gart's  company,  71st  regiment,  E.  M  M.  Was  commissioned  2d  Lieut., 
Oct.,  15,  1862.  In  the  first  campaign  he  served  about  four  months  and 
was  called  out  again  in  1863.  In  1864,  he  re-enlisted  in  Capt.  Bundrum's 
company,  in  which  he  served  only  thirty  days.  He  participated  in  the 
fight  with  Poole  and  Anderson's  bushwhackers  at  Wellington.  In  this 
"  brush  "  he  had  his  horse  shot  under  him,  but  finally  succeeded  in  mak- 
ing his  escape  to  Lexington.  Returned  home  at  the  close  of  the  war 
and  resumed  his  occupation  of  farming.  His  farm  consists  of  140  acres  of 
excellent  land,  well  improved,  containing  a  fine  orchard,  a  never  failing 
spring  near  his  house,  etc.     Commencing  about   1850,  he  acted  as  mail 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.      .  605 

carrier  for  several  years  on  the  route  between  Freedom,  on  the  Warrens- 
burg  and  Lexington  road,  and  a  point  nine  miles  west.  Mr.  Worthing- 
ton's  postoffice  address  is  Aullville. 

JOSEPH  M.  HANDLY. 

Mr.  Handly  was  born  in  Greenbrier  county,  Va.,  Sept.  21,  1818,  where 
he  .vas  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  a  subscription  school.  In  1839, 
he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  with  his  father's  family  and  located  in  the 
southern  part,  about  twenty  miles  south  of  Lexington,  where  his  father, 
Robert  Handly,  entered  240  acres  of  land.  At  this  early  day  the  county- 
was  very  sparcely  settled  and  Indian  trails  were  still  to  be  seen.  Mrs. 
Handly  died  Sept.  8,  1843,  and  Mr.  Handly,  Oct.  10,  1845.  Both  are 
buried  in  the  "  Scott "  grave-yard.  After  his  father's  death  the  property 
was  divided  between  his  brother  John,  and  himself.  Mr.  Handly  owns  at 
present  240  acres  of  land.  April  14,  1847,  he  was  married  to  Miss  E.  J. 
Brown,  a  native  of  Logan  county,  Ky.  They  have  been  parents  of  nine 
children,  six  now  living,  viz:  Susan  M.,  Louisa  F.,  William  E.,  Mary  R., 
Eugene  S.,  and  Annie  L.     Postoffice  address,  Aullville. 

LUCIEN  M.  MAJOR. 

Mr.  Major  is  a  native  of  Woodford  county,  Ky.;  born  Sept.  22,  1831. 
Was  raised  and  educated  there,  and  in  1847,  came  west  with  his  parents, 
and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  his  father,  Joseph  M.  Major,  pur- 
chased land,  18  miles  south  of  Lexington.  Lucien  finished  his  education 
in  this  county,  and  Feb.  10,  1853,  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  J. 
Ridge,  a  native  of  Lafayette  county.  This  union  is  blessed  with  ten 
children,  nine  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Wm.  H,,  Lucien  S.,  Benj. 
W.,  Isaac  R.,  Joseph  T.,  Earl  E.,  Mary  E.,  Georgia  M.,  and  Ada  H.'    In 

1861,  he  enlisted  in  Missouri  State  Guards,  company  E.,  Col.  Shelby's 
regiment,  in  which  service  he  remained  about  three  months.     In  August, 

1862,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  confederate  service,  in  company  I,  Col.  Elliott's 
regiment.  In  1864,  Mr.  Major  was  commissioned  captain  of  company  H, 
which  was  organized  at  Boonville,  in  that  year.  Was  engaged  in  the  fol- 
lowing battles:  Lexington,  Springfield,  Newtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Coon 
Creek,  Har.tsville,  Helena,  Cape  Girardeau,  Jenkins' Ferry,  Prairie  Grove, 
Prairie  de  Ann,  DuvalPs  Bluff,  Pilot  Knob,  Ironton,  Independence,  Blues, 
Westport,  one  where  Marmaduke  was  captured,  and  Drywood.  At  the 
second  battle  of  Newtonia  he  was  shot  through  the  left  lung,  which  disa- 
bled him  for  two  months.  He  was  left  on  the  battle  field  was  captured 
paroled  and  ordered  to  report  at  Springfield  when  able.  He  did  so,  an  d 
was  sent  to  St.  Louis,  and  afterwards  to  Alton,  where  he  remained  until 
about  the  20th  of  May,  when  he  was  released  upon  taking  the  oath  of  alle- 

z 


fJQO  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

giance  to  the  federal  government.  He  then  returned  home  and  has  since 
.been  living  on  a  farm  of  215  acres,  situated  four  and  a  half  miles  south- 
west of  Aullville,  where  he  is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising. 
During  the  season  of  1880,  he  raised  2,500  bushels  of  wheat  on  110  acres, 
and  sold  $5,000  worth  of  stock.     Postoffice,  Aullville. 

ERASMUS  L.  BENTON. 

Mr.  Benton  is  a  native  of  Scott  county,  Ky.;  born  Feb.  3,  1819.  He 
obtained  his  education  in  that  county,  where  he  lived  until  1836,  when  he 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Lafayette  county,  and  settled  four  miles  south 
of  Lexington,  where  he  lived  until  1859.  In  same  year  he  bought  the 
farm  upon  which  he  now  resides,  engaged  in  its  cultivation.  In  1844,  he 
returned  to  Kentucky,  and  married  Miss  Isabel  Lackland,  a  native  of 
Scott  county.  Ten  children  were  born  to  them,  eight  of  whom  are  now 
living,  viz:  George  D.,  Ellen  A.,  Mary  E.,  Louisa  B.,  Fanny  S.,  Sallie  G., 
Mattie  P.,  and  Emma  L.     Mr.  Benton's  postoffice  is  Aullville. 

HON.  JAMES  B.  HORD. 

Mr.  Hord  is  a  native  of  Mason  county,  Ky.;  born  Oct.  20,  1819.  Was 
raised  and  educated  there,  completing  his  course  of  study,  by  attending 
Augusta  College  for  two  years.  Upon  arriving  at  his  majority,  he  went 
into  the  mercantile  business  at  Ma3r's  Lick,  continuing  in  it  until  a  short 
time  previous  to  his  advent  into  the  state  of  Missouri.  In  1840,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  A.  Morris,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  They  have  had  thir- 
teen children  born  to  them,  ten  now  living,  viz:  Mrs.  D.  M.  Swan,  Mrs. 
Louisa  Major,  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Mock,  Adelia,  Harriet  R.,  Katy,  Prudence 
B.,  Emma,  Flora  and  Edward.  The  deceased  are  as  follows;  Mrs.  Eliz- 
abeth Gibbons,  Mrs.  Fanny  Snyder  and  William  M.  Mr.  Hord  also  has 
a  grand-son  living  with  him,  James  Gibbons,  whom  he  has  taken  care  of 
since  the  age  of  eleven.  About  1846,  he  was  elected,  by  the  whig  party 
to  represent  Mason  county,  Ky.,  in  the  state  legislature,  in  which  he 
served  one  term  with  credit.  In  1850,  he  removed  to  Lafayette  county, 
Mo.,  and  in  1851,  located  upon  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  consisting 
of  320  acres  of  excellent  land.  In  about  1855,  Mr.  Hord  received  the 
nomination  for  state  senator,  from  the  district  consisting  of  Lafayette  and 
Johnson  counties,  at  the  hands  of  the  whig  party,  but  declined  the  honor. 
In  1875,  without  his  knowledge  or  consent,  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  county  court  of  this  county,  and  was  afterwards  elected  to  same 
office.  In  Nov.  18S0,  he  was  elected  probate  judge  for  this  county,  by  an 
overwhelming  majority,  which  office  he  now  fills  in  a  manner  calculated 
to  render  impartial  justice  to  all.     Postoffice,  Aullville. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  607 

CAPT.  GEORGE  H.  MILLER, 

P.  O.  Aullville.  Son  of  Maj.  John  and  Susan  Miller,  of  Buckingham 
county,  Virginia,  was  born  in  Fluvanna  county,  Virginia, January  2,  1836, 
where  he  was  raised.  He  taught  school  in  Virginia  until  1856,  when  he 
came  to  this  county,  and  in  1857  was  employed  by  Gen.  Joe  Shelby  in 
selling  goods  at  Berlin.  In  1858  he  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Corder,  and 
engaged  in  teaching  until  the  war  broke  out,  when  he  visited  Virginia 
and  joined  the  confederate  army  as  a  private.  Was  adjutant  of  the  Third 
Virginia  cavalry,  state  service;  was  promoted  to  captain  Company  A,  Nine- 
teenth confederete  cavalry.  After  the  fall  of  Richmond  he  was  a  prisoner, 
but  escaped,  and  returned  home  to  this  county.  He  has  eight  children: 
John,Thomas  J.,  Mary  C,  Elias  C,  Paulina  B.,  George  H.,  Jr.,  Ida  L., 
and  Louisa  C. 

M.  A.  DYER, 

P.  O.  Aullville.  Second  son  of  Manoah  W.  Dyer,  was  born  December 
22,  1838,  in  Warren  county,  Kentucky.  While  yet  an  infant  he  came  to 
this  county  with  his  parents,  locating  three  miles  west  of  Aullville,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  entered  the 
Masonic  college  in  Lexington;  in  the  second  session  he  was  taken  with 
fever,  brought  home  in  a  wagon,  and  came  near  dying;  never  went  back. 
He  then  went  to  teaching,  and  taught  to  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Did 
not  join  either  army.  May  28,  1861,  he  married  Miss  Melissa  Brown,  of 
Johnson  county,  by  whom  he  had  two  children,  Sallie  and  Lucinda:  the 
first  died  in  1865.  His  wife  dying,  he  was  married  the  second  time — to 
Miss  Emily  Hoffman,  of  Johnson  county,  Missouri,  March  25,  1867,  and 
by  this  union  he  has  six  children  living:  Lydia,  Nettie,  Carter,  Freddie, 
Mattie  M.,  and  Carrie.  Mr.  Dyer  lives  on  his  farm  of  200  acres,  the  farm 
lying  mostly  in  this  county,  but  a  portion  of  it  in  Johnson.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Christian  church,  a  good  citizen  and  a  good  farmer. 

SAMUEL  J.  MORGAN, 

P.  O.  Aullville.  Is  the  son  of  Samuel  Morgan,  and  was  born  in  Owen 
county,  Kentucky,  three  miles  north  of  the  county  seat,  December  18, 
1817.  January  8,  1841,  he  was  married  to  Miss  S.  Long  of  Lexington, 
Kentucky.  He  then  settled  in  Grant  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  lived 
some  years,  then  moved  to  Carroll  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  lived 
two  years,  and  then  moved  back  to  Owen  county.  In  October,  1855,  he 
moved  to  this  county,  and  settled  in  Freedom  township,  the  spring  of  the 
next  year.  He  first  built  on  a  part  of  his  land;  after  living  on  it  thirteen 
years  sold  it,  and  built  on  the  northern  part  of  his  land,  making  it  a  farm 
of  260  acres:  this  he  sold  to  J.  R.  Avitt.     His  only  son,  Peter,  built  a  short 


608  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

distance  west,  adjoining  his  tract  of  320  acres.  Peter  has  an  excellent 
farm  northwest  quarter  section  6,  township  48,  range  25,  and  the  east  one 
half  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  1,  township  4S,  range  25,  and  eighty 
acres  in  township  49.  This  farm  of  fine  Davis  Creek  bottom  is  in  a  good 
state  of  cultivation  and  improvement,  and  one  of  the  best  farms  in  the 
county.  Mr.  Morgan  is  noted  for  raising  good  horses,  and  has  raised 
nine  colts  from  one  mare,  which  averaged  him  $150  each.  His  son,  Peter, 
married  Miss  Inez  Brock,  of  Kentucky,  April  17,  1873.  He  was  then 
twenty-seven  years  of  age,  and  his  wife  fifteen.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren: Samuel  P.,  William  G.,  and  George  K.  Peter  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  a  good  citizen,  husband  and  father. 

H.  C.  BRUNS, 

P.  O.  Concordia,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  this  county  February  8, 1848,  and 
was  educated  at  the  German  and  English  schools  of  Freedom  township. 
He  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  in  1871  was  married  to  Miss  Wilhelmina 
Lantz,  a  native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three  of 
them  now  living:  Mary,  Al vine,  and  Ida.  He  is  now  engaged  in  farming, 
owning  163  acres  of  excellent  land.  During  the  war  he  belonged  to  the 
home  guards,  in  Capt.  Pepper's  company,  and  was  one  of  the  party  which 
was  attacked  by  the  bushwhackers  in  their  raid  of  October,  1864.  He 
escaped  by  dismounting  and  crawling  under  a  corn  crib.  Both  he  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church  of  Concordia. 

REV.  H.  P.  WILLE, 

P.  O.  Concordia.  Was  born  December  18,  1843,  in  Hamburg,  Ger- 
many, and  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents  when  only  three  months 
old.  They  landed  at  New  York  city,  and  moved  to  Wisconsin,  near  Mil- 
waukee, where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  was  educated  for  the 
ministry,  partly  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  partly  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where 
together,  he  spent  four  years.  He  first  engaged  in  teaching  in  New  York, 
then  went  to  California  to  preach  in  1870,  where  he  staid  four  years.  In 
the  fall  of  1874  he  came  to  the  Cross  church  near  Concordia,  in  this  county, 
of  which  he  is  now  pastor. 

HENRY  WEHRS, 

P.  O.  Concordia,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Germany,  December  19,  1841, 
and  at  the  age  of  six  years,  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States. 
They  came  directly  to  this  county,  where  they  have  lived  ever  since.  He 
was  educated  at  the  German  and  English  schools  of  the  township.  On 
the  28th  of  February,  1866,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Doretta  Oetting,  a 
native  of  this  county.  They  have  had  eight  children,  six  of  them  now 
living,  four  girls  and  two  boys:  Amelia,  Martha,  Lena,  Lilly,  William,  and 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  609 

Henry.  Mr.  Wehrs  is  now  engaged  in  farming,  owning  249  acres  of  fine 
land.  Both  himstlf  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  at  the 
Cross  church.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  71st  regiment,  E.  M.  M.,  and 
was  corporal  in  his  company.  He  was  in  the  fight  at  Wellington  in  this 
county.  He  had  been  asleep,  and  when  he  woke  up  the  rest  of  his  com- 
mand were  gone.  He  took  the  only  gun  left,  jumped  on  his  horse  and 
escaped  amid  a  shower  of  bullets  from  the  confederates,  who  had  come  up 
while  he  was  asleep. 

HENRY  MILLER,  ESQ., 

P.  O.  Concordia.  Was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  January  26,  1833. 
At  the  age  of  eleven  he  came  to  America  with  his  parents,  landing  at 
New  Orleans,  where  they  lived  two  years.  In  June,  1846,  they  came  to 
Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  where  they  lived  until  1865.  He  then  went  to 
Illinois,  where  he  lived  three  years,  and  returned  to  this  county,  where  he 
has  since  continued  to  live.  In  1857  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sophia 
Wehrs,  a  native  of  Hanover.  They  have  had  five  children, three  of  whom 
are  living:  John  T.,  William  H.,  and  Mary.  In  December,  1875,  his  wife 
died  and  was  buried  at  Cross  church.  At  present  he  owns  181  acres  of  land, 
which  he  is  engaged  in  farming.  In  1858  he  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  for  Freedom  township,  but  refused  to  serve.  He  was  re-elected  in 
the  fall  of  1859,  and  served  until  1865.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the 
enrolled  militia  in  Capt.  Ehler's  company,  71st  regiment.  He  was  orderly 
sergeant  of  his  company. 

A.  H.  DANKENBRING, 

P.  O.  Concordia,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Germany,  April  26,  1846. 
When  he  was  but  a  year  old  his  parents  came  to  the  United  States, 
and  lived  for  a  time  in  St.  Louis.  They  then  came  to  Lexington,  in  this 
county.  They  then  moved  to  the  farm  three  miles  east  of  Concordia, 
where  he  now  lives.  He  was  educated  at  the  country  schools  and  raised 
on  the  farm.  In  1868  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Dickenhorst,  also  a 
native  of  Germany.  They  have  seven  children,  all  living:  Emily,  Anna, 
Eliza,  Flora,  Mary,  William  and  George.  Mr.  Dankenbring  owns 
100  acres  of  good  farming  land,  upon  52  acres  of  which,  in  1880,  he  raised 
nine  hundred  bushels  of  wheat.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  church,  Rev.  Wille,  pastor.  His  father,  1  lenry  Dankenbring, 
died  in  1873  and  was  buried  at  the  Church  of  the  Cross. 

HENRY  DIERKING, 

P.  O.  Concordia,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  this  county,  January  31,  1849, 
and  here  he  was  also  raised  and  educated.  In  1871  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Lena  Willa,  a  native  of  Germany,  she  being  six  years  old  when  she  came 


610  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

to  this  country  with  her  parents.  They  have  had  five  children,  four  of 
them  now  living:  Charlie,  Martin  Lena  and  Bertha.  Mr.  Dierking 
resides  six  miles  southeast  of  Corder,  and  owns  116  acres  of  fine  land. 
In  1880  he  raised  700  bushels  of  wheat  on  40  acres.  Both  he  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  church,  near  Concordia.  His  father,  G.  F. 
Dierking,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  count)-,  coming  here  from 
the  old  country  thirty-three  years  ago.  He  died  April  28,  18S0,  and  was 
buried  at  St.  John's  church. 

FERDINAND  ERDMANN, 

P.  O.  Concordia,  Missouri.  Was  born  near  Berlin,  in  Prussia,  December 
2,  1833,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  and  lived  in  New  Jersey  four  years,  at  Egg- 
Harbor  City,  being  one  of  the  pioneers.  While  there  he  married  Miss 
Josephine  Fisher,  a  native  of  France.  They  have  four  children,  all  living, 
three  boys  and  one  girl:  Ferdinand,  William,  Margarette  and  Bismark. 
In  1857  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  lived  until  the  war  broke  out. 
In  186 L  he  enlisted  for  three  months'  service,  in  company  E,  2d  Kentucky 
infant^.  While  in  this  company  he  was  promoted  to  3d  sergeant.  Was 
in  the  battles  of  Bowling  Green,  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Iuka,  Tuscumbia,  Mur- 
freesboro,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner  by  Forrest,  and  kept  two  weeks 
and  paroled.  He  re-enlisted  in  the  4th  Indiana,  and  was  in  the  battles  of 
Vicksburg,  Arkansas  Post,  Jackson,  Blackwater,  Jackson  again,  Look- 
out Mountain,  Resacca,  Dallas,  Marrietta  Mountain,  Jonesboro,  Big  Sandy 
and  in  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea,  and  at  Nashville  and  was  discharged 
in  1865.  After  the  war  he  lived  for  awhile  in  Kansas.  In  August,  1867, 
he  moved  to  this  county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock  raising.  Has  200  acres  of  land  and  some  fine  horses  of  the  Mor- 
gan and  Norman  stock.  In  1875  he  was  elected  constable  of  Freedom, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1877. 

FRITZ   STROSBERG, 

P.  O.  Concordia,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Prussia,  March  14,  1834,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated  at  the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of  nine- 
teen he  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  for 
one  year.  He  then  came  to  this  county  where  he  still  lives.  He  learned 
the  tailor's  trade  in  his  native  land  and  followed  the  same  in  this  country 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  In  1858  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
Slaman,  a  native  of  Germany,  and  they  have  had  ten  children,  eight  of 
them  now  living:  Edward,  Samuel,  Daniel,  Julia,  Amelia,  Lydia, 
Ida  and  Mary.  Since  the  war  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming,  five  miles 
southeast  of  Concordia  in  this  county,  owning  190  acres  of  land.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  in  company  C,  26th  Missouri  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  dis- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  611 

charged  in  1862.  He  re-enlisted  in  the  7th  Missouri  state  militia  cav- 
alry. This  regiment  was  afterward  consolidated  with  the  1st  Missouri,  in 
which  he  was  in  company  M.  Battles:  Springfield,  Mark's  Mills,  where 
he  was  taken  prisoner  to  Tyler,  Texas;  exchanged  at  the  end  of  thirteen 
months.  He  was  discharged  at  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  in  1865.  Both 
he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  German  Baptist  church  of  Concordia. 

JOHN  KRESSE. 

Mr.  Kresse  is  a  native  of  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  born  June  5,  1854. 
Was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  both  German  and  English.  In 
1875,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  Heinbrook,  a  native  of  Chariton 
county,  Missouri.  Two  children  were  born  to  them,  both  now  living,  viz: 
Otis  and  Josie.  Mr.  Kresse  is  now  living  on  his  father's  farm,  situated 
about  two  miles  south-east  of  Concordia.  His  father,  Charles  Kresse,  is 
a  native  of  Germany,  where  he  was  married  to  Henrietta  Miller.  He 
came  to  this  county  in  1848  and  has  since  resided  here.  His  youngest  son 
John,  is  the  only  one  of  his  children  now  living  with  him.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  German  Baptist  church  of  Concordia.  In  1880 
he  raised  1000  bushels  of  wheat  on  forty  acres,  and  forty  bushels  of  corn 
per  acre.     Postoffice,  Concordia. 

J.  WHITE  WADDELL, 

P.  O.  Tabo,  Missouri;  son  of  John  T.  and  Nelly  Waddell,  was  born  Janu- 
ary 19,  1836,  in  Mason  county,  Kentuckv.  His  parents  were  of  Scotch 
descent,  and  came  to  Missouri  when  he  was  nine  months  old.  They  first 
settled  in  Lexington  in  this  county,  where  his  father  died.  His  father 
built  one  of  the  first  mills  in  this  section,  and  died  there.  He  received  his 
education  in  Lexington,  at  the  Masonic  College.  He  served  an  appren- 
ticeship at  the  tinner's  trade,  and  afterwards  worked  at  the  trade.  Janu- 
ary 31,  1861,  he  married  Miss  Mattie  G.  Waddle,  of  Lexington,  daughter 
of  J.J.  Waddle.  They  have  one  daughter,  Hannah  Lee,  who  is  now  at 
the  Baptist  Female  Seminary,  Lexington.  From  1863  to  1865  he  was 
deputy  sheriff  under  Jake  Price.  He  has  a  fine  farm  of  407  acres,  which 
he  has  made  by  his  own  industry. 

WILLIAM  B.  DOUGLASS, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Missouri;  son  of  Charles  B.  and  Rebecca  Douglass,  was 
born  December  19,  1839,  in  Fleming  county,  Kentucky.  He  came  to 
Missouri  when  Wm.  was  but  five  years  old,  and  settled  in  Jackson  county 
in  1844.  In  1850  they  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  in  Freedom  town- 
ship, where  he  was  raised  and  educated  mostly.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm,, 
which  has  been  his  occupation  in  life.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  confede- 
rate army  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war  as  a  private.     After  the  war 


612  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY., 

closed  he  farmed  for  twelve  years  in  Tennessee.  He  was  married  August 
30,  1866,  to  Miss  Annie  E.  Flemming,  of  Monocacy.  They  have  five 
children  living:  Ada  R.,  Nannie,  Carrie  A.,  Mary,  Stover.  He  then 
returned  to  this  county,  and  where  he  is  now  living. 

JOHN  B.  MAJOR, 

P.  O.  Aullville,  Missouri;  was  born  November  20,  1852,  in  Wellington, 
in  this  county.  His  father  having  moved  here  from  Kentucky.  He  was 
raised  and  educated  in  this  county.  All  his  life  he  has  pursued  the  hon- 
orable and  independent  calling  of  a  farmer,  in  which  he  has  prospered. 
December  24,  1873,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Brown,  also  of 
Freedom  township,  in  this  county,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  J.  W.  Brown. 
They  have  two  children  living,  VVm.  E.,  and  Claud  B.  He  has  a  fine' 
farm  of  160  acres  which  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  and  underlaid 
with  coal.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church. 
He  is  a  good  farmer,  and  as  a  citizen  is  respected  by  all. 


CITY  OF  LEXINGTON. 
THOMAS  L.  BOLTON,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Bolton  was  born  in  Caswell  county,  North  Carolina,  April  16,1820. 
In  1830  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Jefferson  City,  Missouri.  He  was 
educated  primarily  at  Forest  Hill  Academy,  in  Cole  county,  Missouri,  a 
noted  school  at  that  time.  At  an  early  age  he  acquired  a  taste  for  the 
study  of  medicine  and  his  father  having  several  medical  works  in  his  pos- 
session, their  contents  were  eagerly  devoured  by  the  young  student.  He 
followed  farming  until  1851,  when  he  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures 
at  the  Reformed  Medical  College,  at  Cincinnati.  He  was  afterwards 
associated  for  two  years  with  Dr.  Brockman,  of  Miller  county,  Missouri, 
after  which  he  entered  the  B.  and  M.  Medical  College,  at  Memphis,  Ten- 
nessee, from  which  he  graduated  in  1854.  He  then  practiced  in  Callaway 
and  Miller  counties  until  1859,  when  he  came  to  Lafayette  county  and 
purchased  a  farm  near  Mayview,  which  he  cultivated  in  connection  with 
his  practice.  In  1865  he  located  in  Lexington,  where  he  has  since  resided 
giving  his  entire  time  and  attention  to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in 
which  he  commands  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his  contemporaries.  His 
enviable  position  has  been  reached  by  his  indomitable  energy  coupled 
with  a  determination  to  succeed.  The  doctor  makes  a  specialty  of  rectal 
diseases.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  since  1845,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  deacon  for  seven  years.  Was  married  September 
17,  1845,  to  Miss  Margaret  Glover,  of  Cole  county,  Missouri,  who  died 
in  June  of  1851.     Three  children  were  born  to  them,  only  one  now  living, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  613 

the  Rev.  DeWitt  C.  Bolton,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Lamar,  Mis- 
souri. For  his  second  wife' the  doctor  married  Miss  Margaret  B.  Palmer, 
of  Jefferson  City,  Missouri,  the  wedding  occuring  December  20,  1855. 
By  this  marriage  nine  children  were  born  to  them,  five  now  living,  viz: 
William,  Mary  Bell,  Thomas,  Horace,  and  Benjamin  V.  Mrs.  Bolton  has 
been  a  member  of  the  church  since  fourteen  years  of  age. 

JUDGE  ELDRIDGE  BURDEN. 

Judge  Eldridge  Burden  was  born  in  Nicholas  county,  Ky.,  December 
27,  1802,  being  the  youngest  child  of  James  and  Mary  (Brain)  Burden,  of 
Virginia.  His  father  was  a  soldier  of  the  revolution,  and  served,  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother,  Joel  Burden,  under  Gen.  Washington.  After  the 
war  Joel  Burden  settled  at  Philadelphia,  where  his  descendants  now  reside. 
The  parents  of  Eldridge  settled  in  Nicholas  county,  Ky.,  where  they  died, 
leaving  him,  at  the  age  of  seven,  a  penniless  orphan.  Gov.  Thomas  Met- 
calf,  of  Kentucky,  assumed  his  guardianship,  and  he  was  adopted  as  a 
member  of  the  governor's  family,  receiving  from  the  teaching  and  exam- 
ple of  his  noble  benefactor  those  principles  of  probity  and  ambition  for 
usefulness,  which  distinguished  his  after  life.  He  qualified  himself  to 
commence  the  study  of  law  by  laboring  in  his  youth  for  the  means  with 
which  to  defray  his  expenses  at  school.  He  was  educated  at  Transylvania 
University,  Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he  graduated  with  honors  in  the  year 
1833,  and  the  same  year  removed  to  Lexington,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  in  active  practice  of  the  law,  his  chosen  profession.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  26th  day  of  October,  1837,  to  Miss  Patsey  Triplett  Waddell, 
daughter  of  John  T.  Waddell,  one  of  the  founders  of  Lexington,  Mo. 
Mr.  Burden  was  an  old  line  Whig,  and  found,  when  he  settled  in  Lexing- 
ton, only  fifty  members  of  his  party  to  oppose  an  overwhelming  Demo- 
cratic majority  in  Lafayette  county.  In  1838  he  entered  the  political  arena 
as  champion  of  the  Whig  cause  in  his  section,  and  in  a  few  yeats  enjoyed 
the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  party  largely  in  the  ascendancy.  During  the 
war,  and  since,  he  has  affiliated  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  served 
eight  years  in  the  Missouri  Legislature,  from  the  session  of  1842  at  inter- 
vals until  1860,  during  which  time  he  was  thrice  elected  president  of  the 
State  Bank  at  Lexington,  on  joint  ballot  of  that  Democratic  body,  over 
prominent  candidates  of  the  dominant  party.  For  twelve  years  he  was 
judge  of  the  Probate  Court  of  his  county — a  court  at  that  time  of  exten- 
sive jurisdiction— and  served  with  marked  ability,  having  but  one  appeal 
from  his  decisions.  During  the  late  war  an  earnest  unionist,  he  declined 
the  tendered  appointment  as  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit,  made  by 
Gov.  Gamble,  because  at  the  time  he  was  under  parole  of  honor#from  the 
confederate  government.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  and  champions 
of  the  bill  abolishing  imprisonment  for  debt,  and  the  success  of  that  meas- 


614  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

ure  in  Missouri  was  mainly  attributable  to  his  able  efforts  in  its  advocacy. 
In  the  halls  of  legislation  and  in  the  Federal  and  State  courts,  he  was  the 
compeer  of  Doniphan,  Ryland,  King,  Rollins,  Leonard,  and  other  emi- 
nent men  of  the  state.  He  is  a  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church.  He  was  vice-president  of  the  first  horticultural  society  of  Mis- 
souri, and  the  first  mayor  of  Lexington,  and  has  served  in  many  official 
capacities  of  a  public  nature;  in  fact,  since  his  location  in  Lafayette  his 
history  may  be  said  to  be  that  of  the  county,  for  he  has  been  identified 
with  every  event  of  a  political  and  municipal  character.  Judge  Burden, 
although  past  the  meridian  of  life,  is  possessed  of  a  vigorous  constitution 
and  great  physical  strength,  remarkably  well  preserved  by  his  temperate 
life  and  moral  habits,  eschewing  the  use  of  tobacco  and  ardent  spirits. 
His  judicial  qualifications  are  of  the  first  order,  enabling  him  with  com- 
parative ease  to  follow  the  thread  of  law  through  all  the  subtleties  of  com- 
plicated legal  questions.  His  life  presents  an  example  of  more  frequent 
occurrence  in  our  own  country  than  any  other,  where  men  without  the 
extraneous  influences  of  wealth  and  high  connections,  by  their  unaided 
efforts  raise  themselves  to  the  highest  positions  of  honor,  and  acquire  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  their  countrymen  in  consideration  alone  of  their 
own  intrinsic  merits.  In  all  the  walks  of  public  life  Judge  Burden  served 
his  country  with  zealous  fidelity,  and  expects  to  pass  his  remaining  days 
with  those  among  whom  he  has  grown  gray  in  honorable  usefulness. 

JOHN  E.  BURDEN, 

attorney  at  law,  son  of  Judge  Eldridge  Burden,  is  a  native  of  Lexington, 
Mo.,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  primarily,  completing 
a  verv  liberal  education  at  Bethany  College,  Virginia,  from  which  institu- 
tion he  graduated  with  high  honor.  He  held  the  office  of  clerk  of  Pro- 
bate Court  from  1862  to  1S67,  and  the  office  of  county  recorder  from  1867 
to  1874.  In  the  meantime  he  also  studied  law  with  his  father,  a  man  who 
enjoys  a  high  reputation  as  a  successful  practitioner,  and  a  profound  jurist. 
In  1875  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  entering  into  partnership 
with  his  father,  the  firm  being  styled  "Burden  &  Son."  This  firm  stands 
among  the  leading  ones  of  Lexington,  the  acquisition  of  which  position  is 
due  largely  to  the  ability  and  enterprise  of  the  junior  member.  He  is 
regarded  among  his  legal  associates  as  one  of  the  rising  young  lawyers  of 
the  age.  December  15,  1862,  he  led  to  the  marriage  altar  Miss  Isadore 
Ewing,  daughter  of  Col.  Thompson  M.  Ewing,  of  this  county.  Their 
wedded  happiness  was  of  brief  duration,  his  wife  dying  in  April,  1S73, 
leaving  him  with  three  children  to  mourn  the  loss  of  wife  and  mother. 
The  children  are  named  as  follows:  Patsey  A.,  Isadore  M.,  and  Eldridge. 
November  10,  1875,  he  was  again  married  to  Miss  Ella  D.  Harrison,  of 
Danville,  Ky.,  where  their  nuptials  were  celebrated  in  magnificent  style. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  615 

PASCHAL  H.  CHAMBERS,  M.  D. 

The  subject  of  this  brief  sketch  was  born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  February 
6,  1824.  Was  educated  at  Hanover  college,  Indiana,  and  also  at  Miami 
University,  of  Oxford,  Ohio,  from  which  latter  place  he  graduated  in  1845. 
In  same  year  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  Mo.,  and  taught  school  near 
Higginsville,  to  obtain  money  to  enable  him  to  complete  his  studies,  devot- 
ing his  spare  time  to  reading  medicine.  He  afterwards  attended  a  course 
of  lectures  at  Louisville  Medical  College,  and  then  practiced  at  Waverly 
and  Lexington  for  a  time,  finally  completing  his  medical  education  at 
Louisville  Medical  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  the  spring  of 
1850.  He  then  located  at  Dover,  this  county,  where  he  practiced  for  17 
years,  meeting  with  unusual  success.  During  the  war  he  steadilv  pur- 
sued the  even  tenor  of  his  way,  treating  friend  and  foe  alike.  Was  rob- 
bed by  the  bushwhackers,  and  arrested  by  the  federals  taken  to  Gratiot 
prison,  St.  Louis,  confined  for  seven  weeks,  and  then  released.  In  1S67, 
he  located  in  Lexington,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  receiving  his  full  share  of  the  public  patronage. 
The  Dr.  has  been  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  since  1845,  of 
which  he  has  been  an  Elder  since  1857.  Is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order  and  has  been  W.  M.  of  Lexington  lodge  for  two  years.  October 
24,  1848,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Margaret  E.  Wallace,  a 
daughter  of  Henry  C.  Wallace,  deceased;  and  sister  of  Hon.  H.  C.  Wal- 
lace, of  Lexington.  Seven  children  were  born,  three  of  whom  are  now 
living,  viz:  Paschal  H.  Jr.,  Cabel  W.  and  Kent  Kane.  Mrs.  Chambers 
died,  Sept.  17,  1859.  June  27, 1861,  he  again  married  Miss  E.  Antoinette 
Shewalter,  daughter  of  Joseph  Shewalter.  She  died  Jan.  24  of  the  follow- 
ing year.  The  Dr.  married,  for  his  third  wife,  Miss  Augusta  Stokes, 
daughter  t-f  John  H.  Stokes  of  Dunklin  county,  Mo.  By  this  union  they 
have  had  four  children,  three  now  living,  viz:  Sallie  H.,  Lucretia  C.  and 
James  Quarles. 

THOMAS  B.  CLAGETT. 

Mr.  Clngett  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  one  of  the  prominent  families  of 
Maryland — that  of  Bishop  Clagett,  who  was  the  first  bishop  of  that  state. 
He  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Md.,  April  22,  1809.  His  early  life 
was  passed  upon  a  farm — meanwhile  acquiring  a  liberal  education  in  a 
private  school.  At  the  age  of  15  years,  he  went  to  Harper's  Ferry,  and 
engaged  as  clerk  in  a  store  for  three  years,  upon  the  following  very  remu- 
nerative (?)  terms: — For  the  first  year  he  was  to  receive  his  board;  for  the 
second  year,  his  board  and  clothes,  and  the  third  year  one  hundred  dollars 
and  his  board.  He  served  in  this  capacity  for  ten  years,  and  then  went 
into  business  for  himself,  merchandising,  for  one  year.     In  1836,  he  started 


616  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

west,  going  to  Highland  county  Ohio,  by  stage,  where  he  remained  one 
month.  He  then  purchased  a  horse  and  saddle  and  started  on  horseback 
for  a  tour  through  the  boundless  west.  He  passed  through  Georgetown 
and  Shelbyville  Kv.,  stopping  at  each  place  a  month  or  so,  then  crossed 
the  Ohio  river,  at  Louisville,  which  was  but  a  snail  town  then,  and  trav- 
eling through  Indiana  and  Illinois,  arrived  at  St.  Louis  in  June  1836. 
Remaining  there  a  month,  he  again  mounted  his  Pe<rassus  and  rode  to 
Fulton.  Mo.,  where  he  remained  but  a  short  time,  however,  and  then 
returned  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  sold  his  horse  and  equipments.  He  then 
went  to  Baltimore  Md..  via.  Wheeling  Ya..  and  there  purchased  a  stock 
of  goods,  with  which  he  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  opened  out  a  general 
merchandising  store,  in  which  he  was  engaged  until  1841.  He  then  went 
to  Lexington  and  entered  into  partnership  with  H.  C.  Boteller,  with 
whom  he  continued  business  until  1S71,  the  firm  doinu  a  large  and  exten- 
sive  business  in  the  mercantile  line.  Thev  lost  about  $40,000  during  the 
war.  but  paid  up  their  entire  indebtedness  in  full — thev  being  the  only 
firm  in  Lexington  that  did  not  have  to  compromise  with  their  creditors 
From  1S71  to  L880,  Mr.  C.  carried  on  the  business  alone,  retiring  from  it 
in  the  latter  year.  He  has  been  a  merchant  of  Lexington  for  about  40 
years,  during  which  time  many  important  changes  have  passed  within  the 
scope  of  his  observation.  When  he  first  came  here  there  was  an  exten- 
sive cornfield  where  the  court  house  now  stands.  Was  closelv  identified 
with  the  interests  of  the  city  in  its  palmiest  days,  being  a  member  of  its 
second  city  council.  At  the  present  time  he  is  holding  the  office  of  city 
register  and  treasurer.  October  5,  1850,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Ann  Xeilson,  of  Howard  county,  Mo.,  formerlv  of  Va.,  and  a  rela- 
tive of  the  Randolphs.  She  died  Oct.  11,  1S53.  leaving  one  child,  viz: 
William  S.,  now  leading  merchant  of  Lexington.  Mr.  Clagett  was  again 
married,  Dec.  4.  1858,  to  Miss  Ann  H.  Boteller.  of  Washington  county, 
Maryland.  Bv  this  marriage  thev  have  had  four  children,  two  now  liv- 
ing, viz:  Annie  W.  and  Ella  B. 

WILLIAM  A.  GORDON.    M.  D. 

William  Abraham  Gordon  was  born  May  10,  1S'21,  in  Canton,  Trigg 
county,  Kentucky.  His  father,  George  Haynes  Gordon  was  born  in 
Hawkins  county,  East  Tennessee.  May  27.  1706.  His  mother.  Martha 
Boyd,  onlv  daughter  of  Abraham  Bovd  and  sister  of  John,  Linn,  Alferd 
and  Rutus  Bovd.  was  born  Feb.  25.  1799.  The  father  and  mother  of  our 
c:  were  married  in  November,  1S16.  in  Canton,  Trigg  county,  Ken- 
tuckv,  in  which  town  and  its  vicinity,  they  lived  until  the  fall  of  1832.  The 
farther  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  and  in  farming  while  he 
lived  in  Kentucky.  On  the  1st  of  October.  1S82,  he  started  for  Missouri, 
and  arrived  in  Lafavette  countv,  Oct.  28,  1S32.     William  A.  Gordon  was 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  617 

educated  at  the  common  schools  in  the  country  in  Lafayette  county.  The 
branches  taught  were  spelling,  reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  geography 
and  English  grammar.  He  attended  two  winter  sessions  of  about  three 
months  each,  at  Dover,  in  the  same  county,  assisted  in  teaching,  and  stud- 
ied geometry  and  trigonometry.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  attended 
a  high  school  about  two  months,  in  Cadiz,  Trigg  county,  Kentucky,  at 
which  he  studied  latin  and  algebra.  His  first  step  after  leaving  school 
was  to  teach,  that  he  might  thereby  be  enabled  to  educate  himself.  He 
taught  his  first  school,  six  months,  in  the  spring  and  summer  of  1839, 
before  entering  upon  his  nineteenth  year.  The  following  winter  he 
boarded  and  went  to  school  in  Dover  to  John  A.  Tutt.  The  next  spring 
and  summer  he  taught  again  at  the  same  place  where  he  had  been  teach- 
ing the  year  before,  and  the  winter  following  again  went  to  school  in 
Dover  to  the  same  teacher.  He  was  employed  the  next  two  years  in 
teaching  surveying,  being  deputy  under  his  father,  and  in  farming.  In 
the  spring  of  1844  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  having  for  his 
preceptor  Wm.  P.  Boulware,  M.  D.,  of  Lexington,  and  attended  his  first 
course  of  lectures  in  the  city  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  at  the  Louisville 
Medical  Institute  at  the  session  of  1845-6.  Upon  returning  home  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in  connection  with  his  cousin,  Wil- 
liam L.  Gordon,  near  Oak  Grove,  in  Jackson  county,  Missouri.  They 
practiced  together  till  the  following  fall,  when  he  again  went  to  Louisville 
to  attend  a  second  course  of  lectures  at  the  University  of  Kentucky,  and 
graduated  March  1,  1847.  He  returned  home  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  medicine,  locating  at  James  Walton's,  in  the  southwest  part  of  Lafay- 
ette county,  better  known  as  Texas  Prairie.  The  doctor  continued  to 
practice  there  till  the  fall  of  1849,  when  he  removed  to  Dover,  in  the  same 
county,  where  he  remained  until  the  following  spring,  when  he  deter- 
mined to  go  to  the  gold  mines  of  California,  where  he  remained  about  a 
year  and  a  half.  He  left  San  Francisco  for  home  November  1,  1851,  on 
the  steamship  Tennessee,  and  arrived  on  the  26th  day  of  the  following 
December.  In  March,  1852,  Dr.  Gordon  located  in  Wellington,  Lafay- 
ette county,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  until  April  1,  1858,  when 
he  moved  to  a  farm  about  three  and  a  half  miles  from  May  view,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  of  the  same  county,  and  resided  there  until  February, 
1873.  He  then  moved  to  Lexington,  having  been  elected  to  the  office  of 
county  collector,  and  is  now  (1881),  living  in  the  suburbs  of  that  city. 
The  doctor's  first  militarv  record  was  made  when  he  was  only  seventeen 
vears  of  age,  in  the  fall  of  1838,  in  a  campaign  against  the  Mormons,  then 
living  in  Caldwell  county,  Missouri.  The  brigade  commander  was  Gen. 
James  H.  Graham,  of  Lexington.  He  went  as  a  substitute  for  his  brother, 
John  B.  In  July,  1S61,  he  enlisted  as  private  in  the  Missouri  State  Guards, 
under  Gen.  Sterling  Price,  at  Cowskin  Prairie,  Missouri;  and  January  1, 


618  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

L862,  entered  company  A,  Rives'  regiment,  confederate  states  army,  at 
Springfield,  Missouri,  and  was  appointed  regimental  surgeon  at  Corinth, 
Mississippi,  in  May  or  June,  1862,  serving  in  that  capacity  till  the  close  of 
the  war — most  of  the  time  with  the  1st  Missouri  cavalry,  Col.  E.  Gates. 
He  was  captured  at  the  fall  of  Mobile,  April  9,  1865,  the  same  day  that 
Gen.  R.  E.  Lee,  surrendered  the  confederate  forces  to  Gen.  Grant,  and 
got  back  to  his  home  June  19,  1865.  In  August,  1860,  Dr.  Gordon  was 
elected  as  one  of  the  representatives  to  the  legislature  from  Lafayette 
countv,  for  the  term  of  two  years.  He  served  one  regular  session  in  that 
bodv,  and  also  at  the  called  session  in  May,  and  in  the  extraordinary  ses- 
sion held  at  Neosho,  in  Newton  county,  and  in  Cassville,  in  Barry  county. 
At  the  November  election  in  1872,  he  was  elected  collector  of  Lafayette 
county  for  the  term  of  two  years.  At  the  November  election  in  1874,  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  office,  and  in  1876,  declined  to  be  a  candidate 
for  a  third  term.  He  connected  himself  with  the  Christian  church  in 
Lexington  in  the  summer  of  1841,  and  has  continued  in  that  faith.  His 
mother  joined  the  church  in  about  a  year  after  he  did,  and  continued  in 
the  faith  until  her  death.  Dr.  Gordon  has  been  acting  with  the  democrats 
since  the  close  of  the  civil  war  in  1865.  His  first  vote  for  president  was 
cast  for  the  illustrious  Henry  Clay,  in  1844,  and  he  acted  with  the  old  whig 
party  as  long  as  it  had  an  existence.  Dr.  William  A.  Gordon  was  mar- 
ried to  Margaret  V.  Green  May  10,  1849,  that  being  his  29th  birthday, 
His  wife  was  the  seventh  child  of  the  late  Col.  Lewis  Green,  an  old  set- 
tler and  a  very  highly  respected  citizen  of  Lafayette  county.  She  was 
born.  Oct.  27,  1826,  in  Sumner  count\-,  Tennessee.  They  have  had  born 
to  them  ten  children — all  girls;  Martha  Elizabeth,  Sophia  Mildred, 
Emma  Franklin,  Mary  Walker,  Lucy  Evving,  Catherine  Green,  Florence 
Edwards,  Jane  Lee,  Nancy  Shelby,  and  Minnie  Carson.  Sophia  and 
Emma  died  in  infancy,  the  former  when  about  ten  months  and  the  latter 
about  sixteen  months  old.     Lucy  died  in  her  twenty-first  year. 

WILLIAM  G.  McCAUSLAND. 

The  subject  of  the  following  brief  sketch  is  a  native  of  Harrisonburg, 
Rockingham  county,  Va.,  born  December  18,  1829.  In  1830  his  parents 
went  to  St.  Louis  county,  Mo.,  and  in  1832  came  to  Lafayette  county,  and 
settled  near  where  Higginsville  now  is.  They  were  the  pioneers  of  that 
neighborhood.  Wm.  McCausland,  Sr.,  filled  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  twenty  years,  and  also  represented  the  county  in  the  state  legis- 
lature. Wm.  G.,  Jr.,  obtained  quite  a  liberal  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  remained  upon  his  father's  farm  until  reaching  his  majority, 
when  he  came  to  Lexington  and  engaged  as  clerk  in  one  of  the  stores, 
where  he  remained  until  1858,  at  which  time  he  embarked  in  the  dry 
goods  trade,  in  which  he  was  engaged  when  the  war  broke  out.    He  was 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  619 

the  first  man  arrested  by  the  federals  for  having  a  secession  flag  fl\  ing 
over  his  house.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  State  Guards,  Capt.  John  P. 
•  Bowman's  company,  Gen.  Raines'  division,  in  which  he  served  six  months, 
participating  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge  and  several  other  skirmishes.  He 
then  returned  horns  and  resumed  the  dry  goods  business,  which  has  since 
occupied  his  attention.  By  his  uniform  courtesy  and  attention  to  his  cus- 
tomers he  has  succeeded  in  establishing  a  lucrative  trade.  Has  been  a 
member  of  the  City  Council  three  terms,  and  two  years  since  he  joined 
the  Masons.  Is  an  elder  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  also  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Wentworth  Male  Academy.  August  2-\  I860,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Susan  A.  Arnold,  of  Lexington,  Mo.,  and 
daughter  of  Dr.  G.  G.  Arnold.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church. 

WILLIAM  MORRISON, 

was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  August  7,  1817,  being  the  elder  of  two  chil- 
dren. His  parents'  names  were  John  Morrison  and  Nancv  Barnes,  and 
they  both  died  while  he  was  yet  young;  his  mother  when  he  was  only  two 
years  old.  His  father  was  a  tinner  and  copper-smith  by  trade,  and  he  and 
his  brother  served  in  the  war  of  1812  under  Gen.  Harrison.  His  father 
moved,  when  William  was  quite  young,  to  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  and  there 
he  received  a  common  school  education.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he  left 
school,  so  that  his  education  has  been  mainly  a  practical  one,  and  what  he 
has  been  able  to  pick,  up  during  a  verv  practical  life.  The  onlv  legacv  he 
received  from  his  father  was  the  request  that  he  would  learn  the  trade  of 
a  tin  and  coppersmith;  and  on  leaving  school  he  went  to  Steuben  ville 
Ohio,  and  apprenticed  himself  for  five  years  to  that  business.  In  1836,  at 
the  end  of  his  apprenticeship,  he  went  south  and  worked  at  his  trade  in 
Mississippi,  Tennessee,  and  Louisiana,  until  1840,  when  he  movecj  to  St. 
Louis.  Previous  to  this  he  had  started  for  the  same  point,  but  the  steamer 
on  which  he  embarked  was  sunk;  he  lost  everything  he  had  and  returned 
to  New  Orleans,  where  he  worked  until  he  had  again  acquired  the  neces- 
sary funds.  After  a  short  stay  in  St.  Louis  he  went  to  Lexington,  and,  in 
connection  with  another  gentleman,  commenced  business  on  his  own 
account,  the  means  he  had  saved  furnishing  him  a  start.  He  continued 
the  copartnership  four  Years,  when  he  concluded  to  transact  business  alone 
which  he  did  for  two  years.  He  then  associated  himself  with  a  partner, 
and  continued  in  business  for  seven  years,  when  the  partnership  dissolved, 
and  he  conducted  the  business  alone  up  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  war. 
Meantime  the  demand  for  his  goods  became  so  large  that  he  had  to  erect 
a  foundry  in  1858,  which  he  operated  until  1861  with  very  great  success. 
In  1852  he  established  a  branch  store  in  Kansas  City  for  the  sale  of  his 
goods,  and  for  ten  rears  largely  supplied  the  Mexican  traders  with  stoves 
and  camp  equipage,  etc.     During  the  war  his  foundry  was  destroyed  by 


tjl*!'  HISTORY    OK    LAFAVETTE    COUNTY. 

the  United  States  government  to  prevent  it  from  falling  into  the  hands  of 
the  rebel  forces.  In  186SJ  he  rebuilt  it,  and  it  is  still  in  operation.  In  1865 
he  sold  out  and  turned  his  attention  exclusively  to  banking,  in  which  he 
has  ever  since  been  engaged.  In  1S44  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Austin 
A.  King  director  on  the  part  of  the  state  in  a  branch  of  the  bank  of  the 
State  of  Missouri,  located  at  Lexington,  and  continued  so  during  its  exist- 
ence. Immediately  succeeding  it  was  the  Farmers'  Bank  of  Missouri 
with  branches  at  Liberty  and  Paris,  and  during  his  attendance  in  the  leg- 
islature he  rendered  valuable  service  in  obtaining  its  charter.  During  the 
twelve  years  it  existed  he  was  a  director  in  it  and  one  of  its  stockholders 
Owing  to  the  heavy  tax  imposed  upon  banking  (ten  per  cent.)  it  was  finally 
wound  up  without  any  loss  to  any  one.  He  then  associated  with  himself 
Mr.  Wentworth,  and  in  1S64  opened  a  private  bank  under  the  stvle  of 
William  Morrison  &  Co.,  of  which  he  became  cashier.  In  February,  1S75, 
the  firm  organized  under  the  state  law,  with  the  style  of  the  Morrison- 
Wentwoith  bank.  He  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  soon  after  it  obtained 
its  charter.  In  1S57-5S  he  represented  his  county  in  the  legislature.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  board  of  curators  of  Central  Female  College 
since  its  organization  in  1S6S.  He  also  helped  organize  the  coal  company 
which  furnishes  coal  for  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  president  of  the  board. 
He  is  also  cashier  in  the  Morrison- Wentworth  bank,  as  well  as  one  of  its 
principal  stockholders.  His  travels  have  extended  over  most  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  He  has  been  a  Methodist  for  thirtv  years,  and  has 
always  been  a  strong  Democrat.  He  was  married  in  Lexington  in  lS-i-i, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Funk,  daughter  of  Henry  Funk,  a  farmer  in  Illinois, 
and  has  four  children,  all  living,  one  daughter  and  three  sons.  His  daugh- 
ter is  married  to  Mr.  Henrv  C.  English,  a  teacher  in  the  deaf  and  dumb 
asylum,  Fulton,  Mo.  His  eldest  son  operates  the  fOundrv,  his  second  son 
is  in  the  bank,  while  the  third  is  still  at  school.  To  no  one,  perhaps,  does 
Lexington  owe  more  for  its  growth  and  prosperity  than  to  Mr.  Morrison. 
Since  he  Settled  there  he  has  always  done  a  large  business,  and  for  nearly 
twenty  years  kept  his  foundry  running,  employing  continuallv  from  forty 
to  sixty  men.  To  his  efforts  is  mainly  due  the  building  of  the  St.  Louis 
and  Lexington  railroad,  and  in  every  public  enterprise  he  has  shown  himself 
to  be  a  public  spirited  and  liberal  man. 

COL.  GEORGE  SOLON  RATHBUN. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  at  Newbugh,  Ohio,  on  the  27th 
day  of  February,  1829.  His  parents'  names  were  George  Steward  Raih- 
bun  and  Harriet  (Warren)  Rathbun.  His  mother  died  when  he  was  thir- 
teen years  of  age.  His  father,  a  farmer,  still  lives  near  East  Cleveland. 
After  having  received  a  fair  academical  education  and  graduating  at 
Bacon's  commercial  college,  at  Cincinnati,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  621 

law  in  the  office  of  Bishop  &  Baccus,  attorneys  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Pre- 
vious to  completing  his  studies  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  removed  to  the 
state  of  Missouri  residing  for  several  years  in  St  Louis  county,  when  he 
removed  to  the  county  of  Lafayette,  and  for  a  time  engaged  in  teach- 
ing, having  charge  of  the  Wellington  academy.  On  the  25th  of  May, 
1857  was  duly  licensed  by  Judge  Russell  Hicks,  of  the  sixth  judicial  cir- 
cuit, as  a  practicing  attorney  and  enrolled  as  a  member  of  the  Lexington 
bar.  At  the  November  election,  1860,  as  a  candidate  of  the  Whig  party 
upon  the  Bell  and  Everett  ticket,  he  was  elected  to  represent  his  county 
in  the  state  legislature.  Col.  Rathbun  received  his  commission  from  Gov. 
Jackson  as  lieutenant  colonel  and  judge  advocate  of  the  eighth  military 
district,  including  the  border  counties  south  of  the  Missouri  river,  and 
immediately  repaired  to  Lexington  to  organize  forces  for  the  coming 
struggle.  He  actively  participated  in  the  siege  and  battle  of  Lexington, 
and  rendered  efficient  service  in  the  reorganization  of  the  army  at  Boston 
Mountains,  and  in  the  advance  to  Pea  Ridge  and  at  Elkhorn  Tavern 
was  present  upon  the  field  and  participated  with  the  Missouri  troops  in  all 
the  vicissitudes  of  that  memorable  engagement.  He  commanded  the 
advance  at  the  battle  of  Prairie  Grove:  was  present  at  Lone  Jack.  He 
participated  in  the  fight  at  Granby  and  Xewtonia,  and  also  upon  the  expe- 
dition to  Cape  Girardeau,  commanding  the  rear  from  Bloomfield  to  the 
crossing  of  the  St  Francis  river,  repulsing  repeated  attacks  made  upon  it; 
participated  in  the  unfortunate  and  ill-timed  expedition  to  Helena.  In 
August,  1SG4,  it  having  been  determined  to  invade  Missouri,  a  company 
of  officers  and  men,  numbering  about  one  hundred,  wer  esent  into  the 
state  in  advance  of  Price's  command  to  penetrate  to  the  western  border 
and  concentrate  all  the  irregular  troops  and  volunteers  to  join  the  regular 
forces  upon  their  arrival.  Of  this  company,  Col.  Rathbun  was  chosen 
commander,  and  starting  out  upon  the  march  from  Batesville,  Arkansas, 
entered  the  state  near  West  Plains,  and  passing  through  Texas  county 
entered  Laclede.  Passing  on.  without  interruption,  through  Henry  and 
Johnson  counties,  Lafayette  county  was  reached,  Lexington  menaced,  the 
Federal  forces  there  stationed  crossed  the  river,  and  the  city-  formally  sur- 
rendered and  was  occupied  by  the  confederates  some  three  weeks  before 
Price's  arrival.  Then  followed  the  battle  of  Westport  and  the  retreat 
southward  which,  after  leaving  Missouri,  became  the  march  of  a  disorgan- 
ized rabble,  without  order,  without  commissary  stores  and  without  any 
fixed  purpose,  except  to  get  through  the  wild  Indian  country,  if  possible, 
into  southern  Arkansas  and  Texas.  He  remained  at  Arkadelphia  until 
the  year  following  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  returned  with  his  family 
(bringing  with  him  a  young  Arkansian)  to  Lexingtan  and,  as  soon  as  per- 
mitted by  the  iron-clad  oath,  resumed  his  profession  of    the    law.     As 

AA 


622  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

attorney  and  director  of  the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad  company  he 
aided  materially  in  the  successful  completion  of  that  road,  and  secured 
its  first  lease  in  the  Missouri  Pacific.  He  is  an  Odd  Fellow  in  good  stand- 
ing and  a  member  of  the  Christian  church.  He  was  married  July  4,  1858, 
to  Miss  Dicie  Jennie  Dean,  daughter  of  Jesse  Dean,  of  Lafayette  county, 
formerly  of  Carrollton,  Ky.,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children,  all  living; 
the  four  oldest  being  sons  and  the  two  others  little  girls,  six  and  nine, 
respectively,  all  born  in  Lafayette,  except  one  son,  Willie,  in  Arkansas. 

WILLIAM  WALKER. 

Mr.  Walker  is  a  native  of  Dearborn  county,  Indiana;  born  September  1, 
1822.  In  1836  his  parents  moved  with  him  to  Mason  county,  Illinois,  and 
located  on  a  farm,  where  William  grew  to  manhood — meanwhile,  receiv- 
ing a  fair  education  in  the  historical  "  log  school  house  "  of  the  day.  In 
1842  he  began  the  study  of  the  law  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  with  Col.  Ed. 
Baker,  who  was  afterwards  U.  S.  senator  irom  California,  and  who  event- 
ually received  his  death  wound  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  during  the  late 
war.  Their  office  was  next  door  to  that  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  whom  he 
became  an  intimate  personal  friend.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844, 
and  began  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Havana,  Illinois,  where  he  remained 
until  1865,  ultimately  acquiring  a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  extending 
over  several  counties.  He  then  removed  to  Lexington,  Missouri,  where 
he  has  since  resided  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  has 
the  reputation  of  being  at  the  head  of  it  in  criminal  practice.  In  1867  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  by  Gov.  Fletcher,  and 
in  1868  was  elected  to  the  same  for  a  period  of  four  years.  This  office 
being  abolished  in  1872,  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  the  law.  Is  attorney 
for  the  Chicago  &  Alton  railroad.  The  judge  has  always  been  a  staunch 
republican  in  politics,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  republican  state  con- 
vention held  in  Illinois,  in  1854.  He  has  been  married  three  times;  first  to 
Miss  Kate  Wheeler,  of  Logan  county,  Illinois,  in  1844,  who  died  in  1863. 
Seven  children  were  born  to  them,  three  of  whom  are  now  living:  John 
W.,  Elizabeth,  and  William  F.,  all  living  in  Illinois.  In  1865  he  was  again 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Rachel  Wilson,  of  Mason  county,  Illinois,  who 
died  in  1871,  at  Lexington,  leaving  three  children:  Alice,  Arthur,  and 
Robert.  He  married  his  third  wife  in  1872,  leading  to  the  altar  Mrs. 
Maggie  L.  Downing,  daughter  of  Gen.  Combs  of  Lexington,  Kentucky. 
An  excellent  lawyer  and  an  upright  judge,  his  standing  among  the  mem- 
bers of  his  profession  is  an  enviable  one. 

HON.  HENRY  C.  WALLACE. 

Henry  C.  Wallace  was  born  August  18, 1823,  in  Woodford  county,  Ken- 
tucky.     He  is  the  son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Wallace,  the  latter  a 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  623 

daughter  of  George  Carlyle,  a  soldier  of  the  revolution,  of  Woodford 
county,  Kentucky.  He  is  a  descendant  of  the  oldest  and  most  honored 
families  of  the  "  dark  and  blood)-  ground."  His  ancestors  are  traced  back 
to  Scotland,  but  in  this  country  they  settled  first  in  Virginia.  The  father 
of  Henry  C.  Wallace,  Capt.  Henry  Wallace,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in 
March,  1792,  soon  after  the  admission  of  the  state,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  first  male  child  born  in  the  state  after  its  admission  into  the  union. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  the  war  with  England  in  1812,  under  Gen.  William 
H.  Harrison,  and  served  with  that  officer  in  the  north,  then  known  as  the 
Northwestern  Territory,  against  the  hostile  Indians.  He  removed  to  Mis- 
souri and  settled  in  Lexington  in  the  spring  of  1841,  where,  in  the  vicinity, 
he  resided  until  his  death  in  1875.  He  was  a  man  of  high  moral  char- 
acter and  unspotted  integrity,  a  useful  member  of  society  and  of  the  Bap- 
tist church.  He  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-three  years,  honored 
and  respected  by  his  fellow-citizens  and  revered  by  his  numerous  children 
and  grand-children.  Hon.  Caleb  B.  Wallace,  eldest  brother  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  Kentucky,  in  1850-51,  from 
Boyle  county.  Henry  C.  Wallace  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  Sinking 
Spring  academy  in  his  native  county,  and  was  attending  Center  college,  at 
Danville,  Kentucky,  when  his  father  emgirated  to  Missouri;  but  was 
forced  by  impaired  health,  resulting  from  a  long  and  severe  attack  of 
typhoid  fever,  to  leave  college  in  1844.  Though  his  health  gradually 
improved  after  removing  to  Missouri,  it  did  not  permit  of  his  resuming  his 
collegiate  course,  and  he  continued  to  prosecute  his  studies  during  several 
years  with  such  assistance  as  he  could  then  secure  at  Lexington.  He  then 
taught  school  in  that  town  for  a  year  and  a  half,  when  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  with  F.  C.  Sharp,  Esq.,  his  brother-in-law,  afterward  a  prom- 
inent lawyer  of  the  St.  Louis  bar.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1849, 
and  after  practicing  for  eighteen  months  with  good  success,  he  attended 
the  law  school  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  graduated  in  1851.  He  then 
returned  to  Lexington,  and  has  ever  since  been  assiduously  engaged  in  the 
study  and  practice  of  the  law.  Besides  holding  the  office  of  justice  of  the 
peace  and  that  of  city  attorney,  each  from  1849  to  1853,  he  has  never  until 
his  election  to  the  constitutional  convention,  which  met  in  1875,  held  or 
desired  to  hold  official  position.  He  was  elected  to  the  constitutional  con- 
vention from  the  three  counties  composing  the  17th  senatorial  district — 
Lafayette,  Pettis  and  Saline,  by  a  large  and  nattering  majority.  In  religion 
he  is  a  Baptist,  and  member  of  the  first  Baptist  church  of  Lexington.  He 
is  also  a  Mason  and  a  Knight  Templar.  Politically,  he  was  an  old  line 
whig,  but  since  the  dissolution  of  that  party  he  has  affiliated  with,  and  is 
a  warm  supporter  of  the  democratic  party.  He  was  married  Junel,  1863, 
to  Miss  Lizzie  Sharp,  sister  of  F.  C.  Sharp,  above  mentioned  and  daughter 
of  Absalom  Sharp,  of  Christian  county,  Kentucky.     By  her  he  has  five 


624  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

children  surviving,  three  boys  and  two  girls,  the  oldest  being  in  his  twelfth 
year. 

THOMAS  BATES  WALLACE, 

P.  O.  Lexington.  Was  born  March  31,  1813,  near  Richmond,  Kentucky. 
He  is  the  son  of  John  Wallace  and  Elizabeth  Wallace.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Albemarle  county,  Virginia,  and  born  February  17,  1783;  his 
grandfather,  Josiah  Wallace,  was  born  in  the  same  county,  in  1739;  his 
great-grandfather  was  born  in  the  same,  county,  in  1700.  The  father 
of  the  latter  was  from  Scotland.  Elizabeth  Walker  was  born  in  Bucking- 
ham county,  Virginia,  in  1784.  Her  father,  Asaph  Walker,  was  born  in 
the  same  county,  1735;  her  grandfather  was  born  in  the  same  county,  in 
1695;  the  father  of  the  latter  was  from  England.  The  mother  of  Eliza- 
beth Walker  was  Judith  Watkins,  born  in  1738;  her  grandmother  was  a 
Dupuy,  and  a  decendant  of  the  Huguenots.  Thomas  B.  Wallace  came, 
with  his  parents,  to  Missouri  in  1819,  and  his  father  settled  in  Lafayette 
county,  five  miles  southeast  of  Lexington,  when  Missouri  was  only  a  terri- 
tory. The  educational  advantages  of  young  Wallace  were  such  as  might 
be  expected  in  Missouri  at  that  early  day — crude  teachers,  rude  school- 
houses,  and  wretched  equipments.  He  remained  on  the  farm  with  his 
father  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of 
joiner  and  carpenter.  This  avocation  he  followed  five  years.  During 
that  time  he  built  the  first  house  erected  in  Clinton,  Henry  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  in  1836,  in  company  with  his  brother,  B.  F.  Wallace,  there 
began  the  mercantile  business,  which  he  successfully  prosecuted  for  twelve 
years.  In  1848,  the  firm  moved  to  Lexington,  and  continued  the  business 
of  general  merchandising.  They  continued  in  partnership  until  1856, 
when  he  purchased  the  interest  of  B.  F.  Wallace,  and  continued  to  sell 
goods  till  November,  1860,  when  he  disposed  of  his  stock.  In  1861,  soon 
after  the  war  began,  during  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he  lost  property  to 
the  value  of  $50,000,  consisting  of  buildings,  goods,  notes,  and  other  effects. 
In  1862,  was  appointed  United  States  marshal  for  the  western  district  of 
Missouri,  an  office  he  held  for  three  years.  In  June,  1865,  he  opened  a 
house  in  St.  Louis,  for  the  transaction  of  a  general  commission  business, 
but  in  July,  1866,  having  been  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  marshal 
of  the  western  district  of  Missouri,  he  returned  to  Lexington,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  that  office  until  1869.  Since  1871,  he  has  been  engaged 
n  the  insurance  business.  In  1861,  at  the  battle  of  Lexington,  Col.  Mulli- 
gan, commanding  the  federal  forces,  ordered  the  house  of  Mr.  Wallace 
burned,  as  a  military  necessity.  By  this  destruction  he  lost  nearly  all  his 
effects.  In  1872,  congress  passed  an  act  to  re-imburse  him  for  his  loss, 
but,  on  some  account,  it  met  the  disapprobation  of  President  Grant,  and 
the  bill   was   vetoed.     During   his  residence  in  Henry  county,  he  was 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  625 

deputy  county  clerk  for  two  years,  and  county  treasurer  for  eight  years. 
He  is  a  licensed  lawyer,  and  authorized  to  practice  in  any  court  in  Mis- 
souri. Mr.  Wallace  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Miss 
Ann  Elliott,  a  native  of  Howard  county,  Missouri,  born  January  4,  1825, 
and  daughter  of  John  Elliott,  a  native  of  Virginia.  The  mother  of  Miss 
Elliott  was  Mary  Glassgow,  of  Virginia.  Mr.  Elliott  and  she  were  mar- 
ried in  1809,  in  Madison  county,  Kentucky,  and  soon  after  emigrated  to 
Missouri,  locating  near  Old  Franklin,  nearly  opposite  the  present  site  of 
Boonville,  on  the  Missouri  river.  By  this  marriage  with  Miss  Elliott,  Mr. 
Wallace  had  five  children,  three  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  John  Wallace 
was  drowned  in  the  Missouri  river,  at  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  William, 
the  other  son,  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-two.  Their  mother  died  Febru- 
ary 25,  1853.  His  second  marriage  was  with  Mrs.  Lucy  B.  Gains,  form- 
erly Miss  Briscoe,  born  November  14,  1825,  a  daughter  of  James  Briscoe. 
Her  father  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland,  in  1770;  her  grand- 
father, Ralph  Briscoe,  was  born  in  the  same  county,  about  1756.  Thomas 
B.  Wallace  and  Mrs.  Lucy  B.  Gains  were  married  March  28,  1854.  By 
this  marriage  there  were  three  children:  Nettie  Briscoe,  born  October 
17,  1855;  Thomas  Bates,  born  November  25,  1858;  Hugh  Campbell, 
born  February  10,  1863.  In  religious  belief,  Mr.  Wallace  is  a  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian.  Mrs.  Wallace  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 
Politically,  he  held  the  doctrines  of  the  whig  party,  and  voted  with  that 
party  while  it  existed;  since  its  demise,  he  has  acted  with  the  democrats, 
but  has  always  been  a  liberal  and  conservative  man. 

GEORGE  WILSON, 

was  born  on  the  old  Sac  &  Fox  Reservation  on  the  Des  Moines  river, 
Iowa,  (now  Wapello  countv)  his  grandfather,  Gen.  Street,  being  agent  for 
the  Indians,  and  his  father  sub-agent.  His  father  removed  to  Lexington 
in  1851.  In  1862  Mr.  Wilson  went  to  the  Rocky  Mountain  country  and 
spent  a  number  of  years  there  as  a  merchant,  miner,  contractor  for  rail- 
road and  government  supplies,  and  banker.  Was  during  this  time  made 
Judge  of  Probate  in  Laramie  county,  Dakota  Territory,  and  Senator  in 
the  Legislature  of  Wyoming.  Whilst  residing  in  the  territories  he  fre- 
quently returned  to  Lexington  and  remained  for  considerable  periods. 
Returned  and  became  a  permanent  resident  again  in  1877,  being  chosen 
cashier  of  the  Lafayette  County  Bank  (then  called  the  Aull  Savings 
Bank).  Succeeded  to  the  presidency  of  the  bank  on  the  death  of  his 
father  March,  1880.  Is  author  of  four  financial  pamphlets:  "The  Bank 
Notes  of  the  Future  ";  "The  Greenbackers  and  their  Doctrines  ";  "  How 
to  abolish  the  National  Bank  Systeem";  "  National  Banking  Examined"; 
and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  newspaper  controversies  on  the  sub- 
ject, opposing  Federal  banking  and  monometalism.      Was  candidate  for 


626  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

United  States  Senator  from  Missouri  in  1SS1.  His  father,  born  in  Ohio, 
was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and  an  officer  in  the  old  army;  resigning 
and  engaging  in  banking  in.  Lexington  thirty  years.  His  grandfather, 
Peter  Miller  Wilson,  was  receiver  of  public  moneys  at  Steubenville,  Ohio, 
under  President  Jackson.  His  great-grandfather,  Geo.  Wilson,  was  born 
on  shipboard,  his  parents  dying  on  the  same  voyage.  The  wife  of  the 
latter  was  daughter  of  Peter  Miller,  of  Philadelphia,  a  native  of  Mann- 
heim, Germany,  a  scrivener  by  profession;  and  Miss  Richardson  a  descend- 
ant of  Sir  Joseph  Richardson,  of  England.  Mr.  Wilson's  paternal  grand- 
mother was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Thos.  Stokely  of  North  Carolina,  after- 
wards of  Pennsylvania,  a  man  of  great  wealth  and  patriotism.  Mr.  Wil- 
son's mother  was  daughter  of  Gen.  Joseph  Montfort  Street  of  Lunenburg 
county,  Virginia,  who  was  grandson  of  Governor  Montfort  Stokes  of 
North  Carolina.  Street  edited  the  second  paper  in  Kentucky,  and  for  his 
attacks  on  Aaron  Burr  was  dangerously  wounded  in  a  duel.  Street's 
mother  was  daughter  of  Thomas  Posey,  who  was  colonel  in  the  Virginia 
line  in  the  revolution,  General  in  1812,  lieutenant  governor  of  Kentucky, 
second  governor  of  Indiana,  and  senator  from  Louisiana.  Mrs.  Posey  was 
Mary  Alexander  of  Alexandria,  Virginia;  her  first  husband  was  Major 
George  Thornton,  a  cousin  of  Gen.  Washington.  Mr.  Wilson  is  about  30 
years  of  age ;  a  Democrat  of  the  old  Jefferson  type,  and  a  progressive  in 
politics.     He  is  the  founder  of  the  Missouri  Bankers'  Association. 

GEORGE  W.  YOUNG,  M.  D.     ,.tvar^ 

Robert  Young,  the  father  of  George  W.,  was  born  in  Hockins  county, 
Tenn.,  and  was  the  eldest  of  12  children.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a 
native  of  the  same  state  and  county;  born  June  4th,  1821.  In  1S34,  his 
parents  and  family  moved  to  Missouri,  and  located  on  a  farm  in  Lafayette 
countv,  situated  five  miles  south  of  Lexington,  where  George  W.  grew  to 
manhood.  Being  in  somewhat  straitened  circumstances  and  also  desirous 
of  obtaining  an  education,  at  the  age  of  20  he  joined  a  corps  of  government 
survevors,  for  the  two-fold  purpose  of  learning  practical  surveying  and  to 
obtain  money  for  the  prosecution  of  his  studies.  He  remained  with  this 
corps  for  one  year  and  afterwards  alternately  taught  and  attended  school 
until  1848,  when  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  by  attending  a 
course  of  lectures  at  the  Missouri  Medical  College  at  St.  Louis.  He  after- 
wards entered  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  one  of  the 
most  noted  medical  schools  of  the  United  States,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated with  high  honor  in  the  spring  of  1851.  Returned  to  Lafayette 
countv  and  immediately  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Lexing- 
ton, where,  bv  his  ability  and  steady  application  he  has  rapidly  advanced 
to  the  front  rank  in  the  profession.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he 
had  the  leading  practice  of  the  city.      Although  losing  considerable  prop- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  627 

erty  during  the  progress  of  the  war,  the  Dr.  has  succeeded  in  accumulat- 
ing considerable  wealth  by  devoting  himself  to  his  practice.  During  the 
last  three  years  he  has  given  considerable  attention  to  bee  culture,  having 
135  stands  of  the  Italian  species.  In  1862  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Martha  A.  Barnett,  of  this  countv,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Barnett,  of 
Madison  county,  Ky.,  and  a  double  niece  of  Judge  John  F.  Rvland, 
deceased.  Nine  children  were  born  to  them,  six  of  whom  are  living,  viz.: 
Mary  L.,  Elizabeth,  Rose  \V.,  Albert  G.Juliet  and  Joseph  B. 

STEPHEN  G.  WENTWORTH. 

Mr.  Wentworth,  president  of  Morrison  &  Wentworth's  bank,  of  Lex- 
ington, is  a  native  of  Williamstown,  Mass.,  born  October  11,  1811.  The 
Wentworth  family  is  of  English  origin,  and  one  of  prominence  in  both 
England  and  America,  three  of  Mr.  W.'s  ancestor's  having  occupied  the 
gubernatorial  chair  in  the  United  States.  His  father  was  a  veteran  of  1S12, 
and  a  soldier  whose  record  is  above  reproach.  At  the  earl}-  age  of  14 
years,  and  with  what  education  could  be  obtained  bv  an  attendance  upon 
the  common  schools  in  that  early  day,  the  subject  of  this  brief  sketch 
started  out  to  carve  for  himself  a  place  among  the  successful  devotees 
of  the  fickle  goddess  of  fortune.  His  capital  was  Youth,  health  and 
energy,  an  incomplete  education,  and  one  dollar  and  a  half.  In  1S31  he 
went  to  Monroe  county,  Va.,  and  engaged  in  clerking.  Remained  there 
until  1S37.  when  he  removed  to  Saline  county,  Mo.,  and  located  where 
the  town  of  Brownsville — of  which  he  is  the  founder — now  stands.  Was 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade.  In  1840  he  came  to  Lexington  and 
engaged  in  clerking,  collecting  and  the  real  estate  business.  In  1851  he 
was  appointed  administrator  of  public  affairs  for  this  countv,  which  office 
he  held  until  1864.  In  1863  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Farmers' 
bank,  which  position  he  held  until  the  institution  wound  up  in  1S69.  In 
1865  he  became  connected  with  the  banking  firm  of  Morrison,  Mitchell  & 
Co.  In  1S6S  the  firm  became  known  as  ';  Wm.  Morrison  &  Co.,"  and  in 
1S75  it  was  again  changed  to  "  Morrison  &  Wentworth."  Mr.  Went- 
worth  has  been  its  president  since  1S»3S.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Presbvterian  church  since  1S44,  of  which  he  has  also  been  a  deacon  for 
twentv-six  years,  and  an  elder  for  eight  years.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of 
the  Aull  female  seminarv  for  twenty-one  years,  and  president  of  its  board 
for  four  Years.  Is  founder  of  the  Wentworth  male  academy,  and  presi- 
dent of  its  board.  Has  been  a  Mason  for  twenty-five  years.  Mr.  Went- 
worth is  a  man  of  strict  integrity  and  business  enterprise,  and  in  all  his 
dealings  in  public  affairs — and  their  name  is  legion — naught  can  be  said 
but  to  his  credit.  Has  always  been  a  strong  supporter  of  the  union.  April 
IS,  1838,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Eliza  Jane  Kincaid,  formerly 
of  Union  county,  Va.     She  died  Oct.  9,  1S64,  at  Lexington,  Mo.     Twelve 


628  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

children  were  born  to  them,  only  two  of  whom  are  now  living,  viz.:  James 
and  Frances  J.  James  Wentworth  is  a  graduate  of  Central  college,  Dan- 
ville, Ky.,  and  also  of  the  law  department  of  Harvard  university,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  Was  U.  S.  consul  at  Moscow,  Russia.  Frances  J.  is  the 
wife  of  Richard  Field,  attorney  at  law,  of  Lexington.  Jan.  21, 1868,  Mr. 
W.  was  again  united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Rebecca  Bird,  nee  Gay,  of  Ken- 
tucky. 

T.  J.  DULING, 

attorney  at  law.  Mr.  Duling  was  born  in  Kanawha  county,  West  Vir- 
ginia, May  25,  1857.  In  1865  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Lafayette 
county,  Mo.,  and  settled  on  a  farm,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  Was 
educated  at  the  state  university,  at  Columbia,  Mo.,  graduating  from  the 
academical  department  in  1878.  He  then  entered  the  office  of  Geo.  S. 
Rathburn  and  Shewalter,  of  Lexington,  as  a  law-student,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  1879.  Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
that  profession,  in  Lexington.  Mr.  Duling  is  a  young  man  of  talent  and 
energy,  and  will  undoubtedly  acquit  himself  with  credit  in  his  future  prac- 
tice. 

ALEXANDER  GRAVES, 

attorney  at  law,  of  the  firm  of  Graves  &  Shewalter,  is  a  native  of  Jeffer- 
son county,  Mississippi,  born  August  29,  1846.  He  attended  school  at 
Danville,  Ky.,  and  when  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  left  school  and  enlisted, 
in  January,  1862,  at  the  age  of  15.  He  entered  the  1st  Missouri  cavalry 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Mississippi  City,  Baton  Rouge  and 
Harrisburg.  His  regiment  was  subsequently  transferred  to  the  command 
of  Gen.  Forest,  with  whom  he  fought  in  numerous  engagements.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  returned  home  and  entered  Oakland  college,  of  Mis- 
sissippi, from  which  he  graduated  in  1867.  He  then  entered  the  law 
department  of  the  university  of  Virginia,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1869.  He  then  came  to  Lexington  Lafayette  county,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  the  law,  to  which  he  has  since  given  his  best  energies,  the 
result  of  which  has  been  his  taking  high  rank  among  the  leaders  in  a 
profession  in  which  it  requires  the  highest  of  intellectual  talent  to  insure 
success.  Was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Lafayette  county  from  1874  to 
1876.  In  1874  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Aull,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Aull,  of  Lexington,  Mo.  Three  children  were  born  to  them, 
named  as  follows:     Alexander,  John  and  Mary  M. 

THEODORE  GOSEWISCH, 

the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Hanover,  Germany,  born  July  12, 
1812.      He  completed  a  very  thorough  course  of  study  at  Brunswick, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  629 

Germany.  In  1834  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  stopping  one  sea- 
son at  Baltimore,  and  then  went  to  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  for  three  years,  after  which  he  went 
to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  so  unfortunate  as  to  engage  in  the 
confectionary  trade  and  lose  all  his  property.  Having  learned  the  art  of 
oil  painting  while  in  Europe,  after  losing  his  wealth  he  engaged  in  portrait 
painting  with  a  considerable  degree  of  success.  Becoming  acquainted 
with  a  major  who  was  engaged  in  an  emigration  scheme,  organized 
ostensibly  for.  the  purpose  of  settling  Texas,  he  united  his  fortunes  with 
the  major's  and  started  for  the  Lone  Star  state.  On  arriving  at  New 
Orleans  and  learning  that  his  passage  money,  which  the  major  had 
assumed  to  pay,  had  not  been  paid,  he  became  convinced  from  that  fact, 
in  connection  with  other  things  which  had  came  under  his  observation, 
that  the  whole  thing  was  a  fraud  and  the  major  a  swindler.  He  accord- 
ingly withdrew  from  the  enterprise,  pawned  his  baggage  for  the  purpose 
of  paying  his  passage  down,  and  traded  three  barrels  of  crackers  (which 
he  had  brought  along,  expecting  to  find  a  scarcity  of  bread)  for  a  passage 
up  the  Red  river,  to  a  town  where  he  again  engaged  in  portrait  painting, 
at  which  he  was  quite  successful.  He  subsequently  returned  to  St.  Louis, 
where  he  remained  one  season,  and  then  came  to  Lexington,  Missouri 
and  re-engaged  in  the  confectionary  business,  from  which  he  retired  with 
considerable  wealth  at  the  end  of  a  period  ot  fifteen  years.  During  the 
war  he  lost  heavily,  and  soon  felt  the  necessity  of  again  embarking  in  busi- 
ness. This  time  he  engaged  in  the  drug  trade,  and  from  1863  to  1875  he 
had  the  leading  trade  in  that  line,  and  again  built  up  his  exhausted  fortune. 
In  1848  he  was  married  to  Miss  Cathrine  Moore,  of  Lexington,  Mo. 
By  this  union  they  have  four  children,  living,  viz.:  Charles  T.,  who  has 
graduated  in  medicine  from  St.  Louis,  and  is  now  traveling  in  Europe; 
Mary  Ida,  married  and  living  in  Germany;  Walter  R.  druggist;  and 
Katie.  Mr.  Gosewisch  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  for  thirty 
years. 

GEN.  J.  H.  GRAHAM. 

Gen.  Graham  was  born  in  Orange  county,  N.  Y.,  December  5,  1798. 
At  the  age  of  five,  his  parents  moved  to  Logan  county  Ky.,  where  he  was 
raised  to  manhood.  When  twenty-two  he  learned  the  hatter's  trade.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-four  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Melinda  Har- 
relson,  daughter  of  Jeremiah  Harrelson,  who  died  in  Jackson  county,  this 
state,  some  twenty  years  ago.  He  carried  on  the  manufacture  of  hats 
and  farming  in  Logan  county,  and  then  moved  to  Missouri  and  settled  in 
Lexington  in  1830,  where  he  followed  his  trade  some  ten  years  longer,  after 
which  he  moved  to  his  farm,  three  miles  south  of  town.  He  lived  there 
five  years  and  then  moved  to  his  present  home  in  the  southern  part  of 


630  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Lexington.  Gen.  Graham  has  been  one  of  the  county's  most  active  busi- 
ness men  and  one  of  its  most  useful  citizens.  He  was  an  acting  magis- 
trate a  number  of  years,  and  filled  that  office  with  ability  and  credit.  He 
was  elected  captain  of  the  state  militia  about  1831.  In  1837  he  was  pro- 
moted and  made  colonel  of  a  regiment,  and  commanded  in  an  expedition 
against  the  Osage  Indians.  In  1838  he  was  made  a  brigadier  general,  and 
commanded  a  brigade  in  the  expulsion  of  the  Mormons  from  the  state. 
Most  of  his  time  has  been  spent  in  this  county  in  farming,  though  for  sev- 
eral years  he  was  known  as  one  of  the  early  successful  merchants  of  Lex- 
ington. He  has  been  a  consistent  and  devoted  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  for  a  third  of  a  century,  and  has  lived  in  all  good  conscience  before 
his  Creator  and  fellow  men.  He  lost  heavily  as  a  consequence  of  the  late 
war,  but  has  still  a  competency.  Though  a  Union  man  he  did  not  take 
an  active  part  in  the  late  war,  being  averse  to  bloodshed,  and  especially 
so  in  regard  to  the  southern  people,  with  whom  he  has  always  been  iden- 
tified in  feelings  and  interests.  His  first  wife  dying,  he  was  again  mar- 
ried, the  second  lady  being  Miss  Elizabeth  Harrelson,  who  died  about  fif- 
teen years  ago.  He  has  raised  in  all  eleven  children,  and  all  the  survivors 
reside  in  this  county,  save  a  daughter  who  resides  in  Jackson  county. 
There  were  three  of  the  Graham  brothers  who  came  from  Scotland  to 
the  United  States  some  time  before  the  Revolutionary  war.  One  went  to 
the  Carolinas,  one  to  Virginia,  and  one,  the  general's  great-grandfather, 
to  the  State  of  New  York.  Andrew,  Mr.  Graham's  grandfather,  lived 
and  died  in  Orange  county,  and  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  twenty 
years  in  succession.  He  was  three  times  married.  His  first  wife  was  a 
Miss  Cain,  an  English  lady,  and  the  last  a  Miss  Hetty  Hardenbrook,  sis- 
ter to  one  of  the  early  mayors  of  New  York.  Charles  the  General's 
father,  was  by  the  first  wife.  He  was  married  in  Orange  county,  to  Miss 
Jane  Beatty,  of  a  prominent  New  York  family.  He  also  raised  a  large 
and  respectable  family,  only  one  of  whom,  the  General,  settled  in  Missouri. 

HENRY  WILLIAM  TURNER, 

Postmaster,  Lexington.  Was  born  at  Wilton,  England,  August  2, 1841.  His 
parents  were  Henry  and  Mary  Whitlock  Turner.  Young  Henry  came  with 
his  parents  to  America  in  1849.  They  came  direct  from  England  to  Lex- 
ington, Missouri,  and  first  settled  in  Ray  county,  where  the  lad  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Richmond,  the  county  seat.  In 
1854  the  family  removed  to  Lexington,  and  have  resided  here  ever  since. 
In  1862  Mr.  Turner  enlisted  in  the  Lafayette  county  enrolled  militia,  and 
in  1863  he  went  into  company  I,  11th  Kansas  mounted  infantry  volun- 
teers, Col.  Thomas  Ewing's  regiment.  This  command  was  sent  out  in 
pursuit  of  hostile  Indians  and  had  some  pretty  hot  work.  July  26, 1865, 
company  I,  numbering  about  90  men,  started  out  from  the  stockade  at 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  631 

Platte  river,  in  Montana,  in  pursuit  of  a  band  of  Sioux  Indians  and  fell 
into  an  ambuscade;  then  in  a  fight  of  thirty  minutes,  the  company  lost  25 
killed  and  11  wounded,  before  they  could  get  back  into  the  enclosure. 
They  were  in  several  other  fights  with  the  Indians,  but  this  was  the  worst 
one.  They  were  mustered  out  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  September  25, 1865, 
at  the  close  of  the  southern  rebellion,  and  Mr.  Turner  returned  to  Lexington. 
In  1867-68  he  served  as  deputy  city  marshal,  and  was  elected  marshal  in 
June,  1869.  April  30, 1874,  he  was  appointed  agent  for  Lafayette  county, 
to  represent  its  interest  in  the  Lexington  &  St.  Louis  railroad  company — 
a  position  at  that  time  of  grave  responsibility  and  difficulty,  as  any 
one  may  see  by  reading  the  "  Railroad  History,"  of  the  county,  in  another 
part  of  this  volume  In  May,  1874,  he  bought  a  half  interest  in  the  Lex- 
ington Register  newspaper,  which  he  owns  yet.  July  3,  1866,  he  was 
commissioned  2d  lieutenant,  company  C,  58th  regiment  Missouri  militia, 
and  was  afterward  commissioned  as  1st  lieutenant,  and  adjutant  of  the  reg- 
iment by  Governor  Fletcher.  In  March,  1877,  he  was  appointed  post- 
master of  the  city  of  Lexington,  by  President  Hayes,  and  was  re-ap- 
pointed by  President  Garfield,  in  June,  1881.  He  has  always  been  a 
republican,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Turner  was 
married  June  16,  1868,  to  Miss  Fleta  Carroll,  daughter  of  C.  C.  Carroll, 
Esq.  She  was  born  in  Lexington,  January  17,  1843.  The  following  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them:  Paul  Harry,  born  June  21,  1869,  died 
same  day;  Mark  Carroll,  born  October  6, 1872;  Robert  Isaac,  born  Feb- 
ruary 25,  1875 ;  Mary  Willie,  born  July  28,  1878;  Margaret  Fleta,  born 
September  3,  1879. 

A.  A.  LESUEUR, 

editor  of  the  Leixngton  Intelligencer  ^  was  born  in  1842.  Was  a  member 
of  Capt.  George  W.  West's  company  of  infantry,  on  the  southwest  expe- 
dition, in  the  fall  of  1860.  May  8,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Kel- 
ly's company  of  infantry  (confederate),  of  St.  Louis,  commanded  by  Jos. 
Kelly,  afterwards  promoted,  then  by  Stephen  Coleman,  who  was  killed  at 
Wilson's  creek;  then  by  Capt.  CanifF.  Mr.  Lesueur  was  promoted  to  ser- 
geant major  of  Kelly's  battalion,  consisting  of  Kelly's  and  Rock  Cham- 
pion's old  companies,  and  was  with  them  in  battles  of  Boonville,  Carthage, 
Wilson's  Creek  and  Lexington.  In  November  or  December,  1861,  he 
was  made  2d  lieutenant  of  Gorham's  battery,  previously  known  as  Gui- 
bor's.  In  a  few  months  Gorham  resigned,  Tilden  became  captain  and 
Lesueur,  1st  lieutenant;  and  at  the  battle  of  Helena,  July  4,  1863,  he  (Les- 
ueur) took  the  men  into  action  with  muskets,  losing  just  one-half  of  the 
men  in  the  terrible  fight  on  "  Grave-yard  Hill,"  in  which  Brig.  Gen.  L.  M. 
Lewis  (successor  of  Gen.  Parsons,)  lost  half  of  his  own  regiment  and  of 
the  brigade.     In  consequence  of  his  steady  and  heroic  action  in  this  day's 


632  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

fight,  Lesueur  was  soon  made  captain  of  the  battery,  and  so  remained 
until  the  final  surrender  at  Shreveport  in  1865.  This  battery  was  always 
with  M.  M.  Parson's  brigade  of  infantry,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Pea 
Ridge,  the  skirmishes  and  fights  about  Shiloh,  between  Beauregard  and 
Buell;  the  battle  of  Prairie  Grove,  skrimishes  on  the  retreat  from  Fort 
Smith  to  Little  Rock  and  Helena;  was  at  battles  of  Mansfield  and  Pleas- 
ant Hill,  Louisiana;  it  opened  the  attack  on  Camden,  when  Gen.  Steele 
was  occupying  the  place;  was  in  the  battle  of  Saline  river;  fought  against 
Steele,  and  in  a  number  of  minor  engagements.  Capt.  Lesueur  is  the 
present  member  of  the  legislature  from  Lafayette  county;  is  president  of 
the  State  Press  Association;  and  secretary  of  the  Confederate  Soldiers' 
Reunion  Association  of  Missouri.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  The  captain  is  prompt,  decisive,  energetic  and  untiring  in  what- 
ever he  undertakes — is  thoroughly  devoted  to  his  party,  his  county  and 
his  state,  and  always  stands  up  square  to  the  fight  for  what  he  believes  in. 

HENRY  TURNER, 

was  born  near  Sallisbury,  in  Wiltshire,  England,  August  25,  1810.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Whitlock  at  Wilton  Parish,  May  21,  1833.  Miss  Whit- 
lock  was  born  March  22,  1806.  Mr.  Turner's  business  in  England  was 
keeping  an  ale  brewery  and  hostlery,  (hotel).  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Anti  Corn  Law  League,  and  was  associated  with  Richard  Cobden,  John 
Bright,  and  others,  in  that  memorable  agitation  which  forms  a  waymark 
in  modern  English  history.  From  about  1846  onward,  England  was 
flooded  with  emigration  pamphlets,  newspapers,  circulars,  etc.,  offering 
great  inducements  for  everybody  to  emigrate  to  America.  He  cannot 
tell  why,  but  for  some  reason,  he  picked  out  Lexington,  Missouri,  as  the 
place  he  would  go  to  and  try  his  fortune  in  the  new  world.  Seventeen 
families  of  them  clubbed  together  and  chartered  a  ship  in  1849  to  carry 
them  to  Canada,  as  they  wished  to  avoid  the  United  States  seaports,  from 
fear  of  cholera.  They  came  by  way  of  Quebec,  Montreal,  Buffalo,  and 
the  lakes,  arriving  at  Chicago  in  June,  1849.  He  went  from  Chicago  to 
La  Salle  by  railroad,  thence  to  St.  Louis,  by  steamboat,  and  thence  to  Lex- 
ington, hv  same  means,  arriving  here  in  July,  a  total  stranger  to  every 
living  soul  and  to  the  ways  of  the  people.  Two  or  three  others  of  the 
English  families  came  here  also,  but  did  not  find  things  agreeble,  and  in  a 
few  months  went  back  to  their  native  Isle.  Mr.  Turner  determined  to 
stay  and  "  tough  it  through."  In  1858,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
city  council  and  continued  there  eight  years;  then  was  mayor  one  year, 
then  city  attorney  one  year,  and  subsequently  served  nine  years  as  city 
treasurer,  from  1872  to  1881.  March  14,  1865,  he  was  commissioned  cap- 
tain and  assistant  quartermaster  of  state  militia,  by  Gov.  Fletcher.  July  19, 
1865,  he  was  commissioned  by  President  Andrew  Johnson  as  assistant 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  633 

United  States  assessor,  2d  division  of  6th  district  of  Missouri,  and  was  in 
this  service  about  six  years,  or  until  the  internal  revenue  tax  was  abol- 
ished. During  this  time  he  received  a  letter  from  his  superior  officer 
which  speaks  volumes  for  his  integrity,  efficiency  and  success  as  a  public 
officer.     The  letter  is  here  given: 

United  States  Internal  Revenue,  Assessor's   Office, 
6th  Dist.  Mo.,  Kansas  City,  March  30,  1870. 
Mr.  Henry  Turner,  U.  S.  Asst.  Assessor,  Lexington,  Mo  : 

Dear  Sir: — Please  accept  my  thanks  for  the  excellent  manner  in  which 
you  have  gotten  up  your  annual  list  for  1870.  It  is  perfect  in  every  res- 
pect, is  the  first  to  reach  this  office,  represents  every  town  in  your  divi- 
sion, and  is  within  a  fraction  of  double  in  amount  that  for  the  year  1869. 
With  such  officers,  the  government  cannot  long  remain  in  debt.  I  hope 
that  you  may  return  many  more  such  favors  to  the  government. 
I  have  the  honor,  sir,  to  remain, 
Yours,  etc., 

JOSHUA  THORNE, 
Assessor  6th  District,  Missouri. 

Mr.  Turner  naturally  feels  proud  of  this,  and  many  other  evidences 
which  prove  that  he  has  been  faithful  and  true  in  every  public  trust.  Mrs. 
Turner  died  at  Lexington,  May  21,  1880,  aged  74  years  and  two  months. 
Their  children  were  the  following:  Isabella  and  Phebe,  (twins),  born  at 
Wilton,  England,  March  14,  1834.  Isabella  married  Washington  Zing- 
ling,  of  Lexington,  Mo.,  now  deceased.  Phebe  married  Henry  Switzer, 
of  Lexington,  now  of  Kansas  City.  She  died  in  1865.  Mary  Jane,  born 
April  22,  1838;  married  George  Matthew,  of  Dover  township,  Lafayette 
county.  Emma  Elizabeth,  born  Oct.  24,  1839;  married  Henry  Taubman, 
of  Lexington,  deceased.  Henry  William,  born  August  2,  1841 ;  married 
Miss  Fleta  Carroll,  of  Lexington,  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  as 
postmaster.  Edwin,  born  Nov.  9,  1843;  not  married.  Anna,  born  March 
14,  1846;  married  S.  S.  Earle,  of  Lexington.  All  of  the  above  children 
were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Turner,  at  Wilton,  in  England.  Josephene 
was  born  at  Richmond,  in  Ray  county,  August  19,  1849.  She  married 
Mr.  Switzer,  of  Kansas  City,  former  husband  of  her  deceased  sister 
Phebe ;  and  he  died  in  April,  1880.  Mr.  Turner  has  32  grandchildren 
now  living,  and  four  have  died. 


LEXINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 
JAMES  S.  PRICE, 

postoffice,  Lexington,  Mo.,  son  of  John  and  Jane  Price,  who  moved  from 
Warrensburg,  Johnson  county,  Mo.,  to  St.  Louis  county,  in  1861;  then  to 
St.  Charles  county,  Ills.;  then  back  to  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  in  1866,  and  in 


634  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


1872,  to  this  county,  living  near  Dover  for  several  years,  and  then  settled 
in  the  suburbs  of  Lexington,  Mo.  James  S.  Price  was  born  in  Warrens- 
burg,  Mo.,  May  31,  1852.  He  entered  the  Jerseyville,  Ills.,  College  at  17 
years  of  age,  remaining  three  years,  and  at  the  age  of  20,  studied  medi- 
cine one  year  at  Jerseyville;  then  read  law  four  years  in  Warrensburg,  Mo., 
feeling  that  he  had  not  the  necessary  nerve  for  dissections.  While  read- 
ing law,  he  felt  that  he  was  called  to  preach  the  gospel.  In  1874  he  con- 
cluded to  preach,  and  in  Dec.  1878,  preached  his  first  sermon,  and  was 
ordained  the  third  Sunday  in  August,  1879.  He  was  called  to  Long 
Branch  church,  where  he  has  been  preaching  three  years,  and  has  built 
up  a  good  congregaiion.  He  belongs  to  the  Baptist  persuasion,  and  has 
charge  of  two  other  congregations. 

UPTON  WILSON. 

Mr.  Wilson,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  of  Lexington  town- 
ship: was  born  in  Bullitt  county,  Kentucky.  Was  educated  at  Hanover 
College,  Indiana.  He  came  to  Missouri  in  1837,  and  settled  in  Johnson 
county,  where  he  remained  until  1877,  when  he  moved  to  Lafayette 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Wilson  was  united  in  marriage 
in  1855,  to  Miss  Catherine  D.  Neill,  of  Lafayette  county.  They  have  five 
children,  named  as  follows:  Stephen  N.,  Lee  F.,  Charles  M.,  Mathew, 
and  Mary.     Postoffice,  Lexington. 

JUDGE  B.  D.  WEEDIN, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Glas- 
gow, Kentucky,  September  24,  1831.  His  father,  Caleb  Weedin,  is  of 
English,  and  his  mother;  Eliza  S.  Moore,  of  Welsh  descent.  His  father 
was  a  minister  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church,  and  died  near 
Danville,  Kentucky,  March  16,  1864.  Judge  Weedin  was  raised  princi- 
pally in  Logan  county,  Kentucky,  when  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Danville,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  chiefly  educated,  graduating  at  Center 
College  in  1853.  Immediately  after  leaving  college,  at  the  early  age  of 
twenty-two,  he  was  elected  county  surveyor,  which  office  he  resigned  to 
move  to  Missouri,  which  he  did  in  1855,  and  settled  in  this  county,  where 
he  has  lived  ever  since.  He  first  located  in  Lexington,  and  was  soon  after 
appointed  deputy  surveyor.  He  served  as  deputy  one  year,  was  then 
appointed  surveyor  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  then  elected  to  fill  unexpired 
term.  The  war  coming  on,  his  office  was  vacated  by  the  Gamble  govern- 
ment. In  1861  he  volunteered  in  the  M.  S.  G.  for  three  months,  and  then 
joined  the  confederate  army,  and  was  in  the  artillery  service  to  the  end  of 
the  war.  He  was  in  most  of  the  principal  battles;  as  Lone  Jack,  Pine 
Bluff,  Jenkins  Ferry,  Prairie  Grove,  Little  Rock,  etc.,  etc.  He  was  never 
wounded  or  captured.     At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  this  county, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


635 


and  settled  down  on  a  farm,  to  begin  life  anew.  In  the  fall  of  1874  he 
was  elected  by  the  Democracy  as  associate  judge  of  the  county  court,  but 
resigned,  with  the  whole  bench,  before  his  term  expired,  rather  than  levy 
an  obnoxious  tax  upon  the  people.  He  continued  upon  his  farm  until 
1880,  when  he  was  again  elected  county  surveyor  on  the  Democratic 
ticket.  On  the  31st  of  August,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Martha  A. 
Lankford,  also  of  this  county.  This  lady  died  January  19,  1879,  having 
borne  seven  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living,  two  sons  and  one 
daughter.  Since  his  wife's  death,  his  sister,  Miss  Anna  E.  Weedin,  has 
lived  with  him,  leaving  her  home  in  Kentucky  for  that  purpose.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  C.  P.  church,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order. 
His  grandfather,  Samuel  S.  Moore,  was  born  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
when  that  city  was  only  a  frontier  fort. 

N.  C.  EWING, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri;  son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Ewing,  was 
born  in  this  county  September  24,  1830,  and  here  he  was  also  raised  and 
educated.  His  calling  is  that  of  a  farmer,  and  all  his  life  has  been  spent 
on  a  Lafayette  county  farm.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Logan  county, 
Kentucky,  his  father  first  coming  to  this  county  in  1818  or  1819.  After 
remaining  here  a  short  time,  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  married  in 
1821.  He  then  moved  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  April  17, 
1856,  to  Miss  Catherine  W.  Wilcoxen,  of  this  county,  formerly  of  Fred- 
erick county,  Maryland.  By  this  union  he  had  four  children,  three  of  them 
living:  Anna  H.,  Joel  H.,  and  Young.  He  and  his  family  are  members 
of  the  C.  P.  church,  of  which  he  is  a  deacon.  He  is  a  successful  farmer 
and  a  public  spirited  citizen. 

FERDINAND  D.  SMITH, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri;  was  born  in  Buford  county,  Virginia,  August 
14,  1832.  His  father  Jno.  W.  Smith,  was  an  extensive  southern  trader, 
and  died  in  1846  in  North  Carolina,  on  his  way  home  from  a  southern 
tour.  In  1847  his  widowed  mother  moved  with  her  family  to  Missouri, 
and  settled  in  Pettis  county,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  lived,  with 
her  until  1850.  In  1850  he  went  to  California,  where  he  remained  seven 
years,  engaged  in  mining,  and  made  some  money.  He  returned  to  Mis- 
souri and  settled  at  Wellington,  in  this  county,  where  his  mother  and 
sisters  were  then  living.  In  1858  he  went  to  Salt  Lake  City  on  a  freight- 
ing expedition  of  Russell  &  Waddell,  as  wagon  master,  in  which  he  was 
absent  eighteen  months.  He  then  returned  to  this  county,  and  settled  on 
a  farm  on  Texas  Prairie.  December  13,  1859,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Van  Camp,  daughter  of  William  Van  Camp,  of  Lexington,  now 


Y 


636  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

deceased.  In  1863  he  moved  to  Pettis  county,  and  remained  there 
lintil  the  war  closed.  In  1867  his  wife  died,  and  in  1869  he  mar- 
ried again,  this  time  to  Miss  Matilda  H.  Young,  daughter  of 
Ex-Gov.  James  Young,  who  was  acting  governor  of  Missouri,  in 
1844.  In  1870  he  sold  his  farm  in  Pettis  county  and  returned  to  this 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  on  a  fine  farm,  six  miles  southeast  of 
Lexington.  By  his  first  marriage  he  had  three  children,  two  now  living, 
Leslie  and  Ada  Mary.  By  his  second  wife  he  has  one  child,  Sallie  Left- 
wich.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Church  South, 
his  first  wife  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  church.  He  also  belongs  to 
the  Masonic  order. 

REV.  HIRAM  M.  BLEDSOE,  Sr., 

deceased.  The  subject  of  this  sketch,  though  no  longer  among  the  living, 
will  long  be  remembered  as  among  the  prominent  old  settlers  of  this 
county.  He  was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Ky.,  in  1798.  The  exact 
day  of  his  birth  is  not  now  known,  the  record  in  the  old  family  bible  hav- 
ing been  destroyed  by  fire  in  1865.  •  The  family  is  of  English  origin  on  the 
paternal,  and  Irish  on  the  maternal  side.  When  a  boy  they  moved  to  Bour- 
bon county  Ky.,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  on  a  farm,  and  was  educated. 
When  still  quite  a  young  man  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Bourbon  county, 
and  continued  to  fill  that  office  for  many  years,  and  subsequently  repre- 
sented the  county  in  the  Kentucky  legislature.  In  1832,  he  moved  to  this 
county,  and  entered  an  extensive  tract  of  land  in  this  and  Cass  counties. 
After  coming  to  Missouri,  he  withdrew  from  politics,  and  turned  his  atten- 
tion more  particularly  to  religion  and  theological  subjects.  Having  been 
raised  in  the  Christian  church,  he  became  a  minister  of  that  denomination, 
and  has  organized  many  churches  in  this  portion  of  the  state.  All  the 
latter  years  of  his  life  were  devoted  to  this  work;  yet  he  was  a  successful 
business  man,  and  managed  his  large  farm  admirably.  When  about 
twenty-one  years  of  age  he  married  Miss  Susan  T.  Hughes,  of  Paris  Ky., 
and  became  the  father  of  seven  children,  five  sons  and  two  daughters,  five 
of  whom  are  now  living: — Hiram  M.  Jr.,  Joseph,  Agnes  E.,  wife  of 
Thomas  Ingle,  of  Cass  county,  Carrie  F.,  wife  of  E.  A.  Eddy,  also  of 
Cass  county,  and  Robert  Davis,  which  last  now  represents  the  family  on 
the  old  homestead  in  this  county.  Robert  D.  Bledsoe  was  married  in 
Nov.  1868,  to  Miss  Ottie  Perrie,  of  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  has  two  children 
living.  He  served  four  years  in  the  C.  S.  A.,  first  in  his  brother  Hiram's 
famous  battery,  and  afterwards  in  a  battery  commanded  by  his  brother 
Joseph,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Prairie  Grove,  Newtonia, 
Pea  Ridge,  and  in  many  skirmishes.  Hiram  Bledsoe,  Sr.,  closed  his  use- 
ful and  eventful  life  at  his  home  in  this  county  in  November  1878,  at  the 
age  of  eighty  years. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  637 

JOHN  P.  BEAR, 

P.  O.  Lexington  Mo.  Was  born  in  Rockingham  county  Va.,  June  8, 
1834,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Bear.  In  his  tenth  year  he 
moved  with  his  parents  to  this  county  and  settled  on  a  farm,  where  he 
was  then  raised  and  educated.  Soon  after  he  was  grown,  he  and  his 
brother  William  took  the  management  of  their  father's  farm,  he  being  dis- 
abled by  rheumatism.  By  natural  inclination  he  took  up  the  carpenter's 
trade,  and  he  still  does  his  own  work  in  that  line.  In  the  fall  of  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  state  guard  for  three  months.  In  1862,  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner at  home  by  the  federals,  just  as  he  was  starting  south.  He  made  a 
run  for  it,  but  they  caught  him,  and  sent  him  to  St.  Louis;  held  him  one 
week,  and  then  released  him  on  a  bond  of  one  thousand  dollars,  to  secure 
his  loyalty.  He  returned  home  and  remained  quiet  until  he  was  drafted, 
when  he  fled  to  Nebraska,  and  continued  there  to  the  end  of  the  war, 
and  then  returned  to  his  farm  in  this  county.  On  the  11th  day  of  Nov. 
1864,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Gray,  daughter  of  Rev.  F.  R. 
Gray,  and  has  six  living  children.  Thev  are  both  members  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church.     He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grange. 

WILLIAM  J.  BEAR, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Bear.  Was  born  in 
Rockingham  county  Va.,  March  5,  1821,  and  having  come  to  this  county 
as  early  as  1844,  may  be  counted  as  one  of  the  old  settlers.  Having  been 
raised  on  a  farm,  on  coming  to  this  county  he  engaged  in  farming.  His 
father  was  earlv  disabled  by  rheumatism,  and  he  with  his  younger  brother 
took  charge  of  the  farm.  His  father  died  in  1870.  The  two  brothers 
have  bought  out  most  of  the  heirs,  and  they  both  reside  on  the  original 
farm,  nine  miles  southeast  of  Lexington.  In  1861,  after  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington he  went  south  with  Gen.  Price,  and  was  enrolled  in  Co.  B.,  6th 
regiment  Missouri  volunteers  C.  S.  A.,  and  served  in  the  west  until  the 
winter  of  1863,  when  he  was  discharged.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Lex- 
ington, Pea  Ridge,  and  a  number  of  lesser  note.  He  then  went  to  Va., 
and  enlisted  in  a  company  of  exchanged  prisoners,  mostly  Missourians,  in 
62d  Va.  regiment  of  mounted  infantry.  In  the  battle  of  New  Market,  his 
company  was  cut  to  pieces,  and  the  fragments  joined  a  company  of  inde- 
pendent rangers,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war.  He  then  returned  to 
his  home  in  this  county.  January  6,  1871,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Rice,  daughter  of  Augustus  Rice,  a  native  of  Va.,  now  deceased. 
They  have  only  one  child  living:  William.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church. 

BB 


638  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

LEWIS  P.  GREEN, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  Is  son  of  Col.  Levi  Green,  who  died  in 
this  county,  April,  1875,  and  who  will  long  be  remembered  for  the  prom- 
inent part  he  played  in  the  county.  He  was  once  president  of  the  Farm- 
ers' bank  of  Lexington,  and  always  took  an  active  part  in  the  politics  of 
the  county,  though  he  held  no  political  offices.  Louis  P.  Green  was  born 
in  Sumner  county,  Tennessee,  November  3, 1831.  His  father,  Col.  Green, 
was  married  to  Miss  Betty  P.  Guerrant,  November  22,  1829,  she  being 
his  second  wife.  When  Lewis  was  about  six  years  old  he  came  with  his 
father  to  this  county,  and  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  seven  miles  southeast 
of  Lexington,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated,  partly  in  Lexington  and 
partly  by  Rev.  G.  L.  Yantis,  at  Sweet  Springs.  After  quitting  school  he 
returned  to  his  home  and  managed  his  father's  farm,  until  his  father's 
death.  He  now  owns  250  acres,  including  the  old  homestead.  November 
22,  1853,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Murrell,  daughter  of  the  late 
Samuel  Murrell,  of  Lexington,  Missouri.  Burdened  with  his  own  family, 
his  aged  parents,  and  many  slaves,  he  could  not  enter  the  southern  army,  but 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  He  remained  quietly  on  his  farm 
during  the  war.  One  of  his  brothers  died  in  the  army.  Since  the  war  he  has 
given  his  attention  to  the  management  of  his  farm,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  politics.  His  family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  of 
which  his  father  was  a  zealous  member.  He  belongs  to  no  secret  order, 
unless  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  may  be  called  such.  He  has  had  seven 
children  of  whom  six  are  now  living. 

GEORGE.  B.  GORDON, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri,  is  a  native  of  this  county,  and  was  born  on  the 
old  Fulkerson  homestead,  now  known  as  the  Ramey  farm,  six  miles  south- 
east of  Lexington,  January  25,  1848.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in  this 
county.  During  the  war  he  was  at  school,  and  hence  took  no  part  in  the 
bloody  struggle.  He  was  raised  a  farmer  and  pursued  no  other  calling. 
His  father,  Linn  B.  Gordon,  lives  in  this  county,  was  a  farmer  before  him, 
and  has  raised  his  sons  to  agricultural  pursuits.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
George  began  to  farm  on  the  farm  where  he  now  lives,  known  as  the 
Joseph  Shelby  place.  On  the  24th  day  of  December,  1869,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Shelby,  daughter  of  Joseph  B.  Shelby,  a  cousin  of 
Gen.  Joe  O.  Shelby,  whose  fame  in  the  war  was  so  great,  and  so  well 
known  to  all  Missourians.  They  have  four  children,  all  living.  He 
belongs  to  the  Christian  church  at  Dover,  as  does  also  his  wife.  He  is  a 
mason,  and  politically,  a  democrat.  For  so  young  a  man,  he  has  already 
established  an  eminent  character  for  integrity,  sagacity,  and  industry, 
and  has  proven  himself  a  successful  farmer. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  639 

LINN  B.SHELBY, 
P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  cousin  of 
Gen.  Joe  Shelby,  whose  name  so  frequently  occurs  in  the  history  of  the 
war,  and  was  born  on  the  old  Thomas  Shelby  homestead,  six  miles  east  of 
Lexington,  on  the  Dover. road,  April  13,  1859.  He  is  the  son  of  Thomas 
and  Nancy  Shelby — his  mother's  maiden  name  being  Gordon;  her  father 
having  emigrated  here  at  a  very  early  day.  Mr.  Shelby  was  raised  and 
educated  in  this  county;  and  on  the  17th  day  of  October,  1879,  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Lillie  M.  Kelley,  daughter  of  Mr.  James  E.  Kelley,  also  of  this 
county.  They  have  one  child,  a  son,  named  Mark  Hughes  Shelby.  Both 
he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church,  membership  at  Lex- 
ington. He  is  now  living  on  a  farm  three  miles  from  Page  City,  and  has 
a  bright  future  before  him. 

THOMAS  B.  CAMPBELL, 

P.  O.  Dover,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Huntsville,  Ala.,  June  16,  1824.  His 
parents,  James  and  Ann  Eliza  Campbell,  came  to  this  county  at  an  early 
day,  and  his  father  died  here  in  Dover  in  1872,  and  his  mother  is  still  liv- 
ing in  this  county.  The  maiden  name  of  the  latter  was  Jennings,  daughter 
of  David  Jennings,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  this  county.  When 
Thomas  was  about  two  years  of  age  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  this 
county,  settling  on  the  place  where  he  now  resides,  where  he  was  raised. 
He  was  educated  in  the  county  and  at  the  State  University  in  Columbia, 
Mo.,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1851.  Leaving  college,  he 
returned  home  and  went  to  farming  in  this  county.  In  the  war  he  was 
in  hearty  sympathy  with  the  South,  but  took  no  active  part  in  the  war. 
He  remained  quietly  and  was  never  so  much  as  arrested  during  the  entire 
war.  Jan.  15,  1856,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie  M.  Hicks,  daughter  of 
A.  B.  Hicks,  of  Fayette,  Howard  county,  Mo.  They  have  had  five  child- 
ren, four  of  whom  are  now  living — three  sons  and  one  daughter.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Christian  church  and  also  his  wife.  He  is  a  Mason,  with 
fellowship  at  Dover.  He  has  a  fine  farm  of  six  hundred  acres  in  the  best 
part  of  the  county,  and  takes  great  interest  in  the  stock  business.  He 
stands  high  as  a  man  of  integrity  and  honor,  and  is  an  enterprising  and 
public-spirited  citizen. 

ROBERT  JACKSON  SMITH, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  old  citizens 
of  this  county;  was  born  in  Caldwell  county,  Ky.,  April  14,  1815.  He  is 
the  son  of  Robert  and  Lucy  Smith,  his  mother's  maiden  name  being  Gor- 
don. He  lived  in  Caldwell  county,  Ky.,  until  he  was  about  sixteen  years 
of  age,  and  was  principally  educated  there.  In  the  fall  of  1831  he  moved 
with  his  widowed  mother  to  this  county,  and  in   1833  he  settled  on  the 


640  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

farm  on  which  he  now  resides,  seven  miles  southeast  of  Lexington.  His 
father  died  shortly  before  his  birth,  and  his  mother  never  remarried.  In 
January,  185S,  she  died  in  this  county.  On  the  12th  of  Feb.,  1844,  he  was 
married,  for  the  first  time,  to  Miss  Susan  C.  Thornbrugh,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, who  had  recently  moved  to  Missouri.  She  lived  about  five  years 
and  died  Jan.  21,  1849.  Subsequently  he  married  Miss  Mary  C.  Nowlin, 
of  Ray  county,  Mo.  There  was  only  one  child,  a  son,  by  the  first  mar- 
riage, who  died  in  infancy.  By  the  second  marriage  he  has  six  children 
living — five  daughters  and  one  son — Lucy  C,  wife  of  John  P.  Ardinger, 
of  Aullville,  Mo.;  Susan  E.,  wife  of  Chas.  W.  Ford,  of  this  county;  Mary 
Alice,  wife  of  Berry  Hughes,  of  Ray  county,  Mo.;  Thomas  B.,  Sallie  C. 
and  Fannie  B.  Though  he  sympathized  with  the  South,  Mr.  Smith 
remained  quietly  on  his  farm  during  the  war.  By  keeping  silence  he  man- 
aged to  get  along  without  much  disturbance  save  some  loss  of  personal 
property.  Except  two  years  spent  in  Jackson  county,  he  has  always  lived 
in  this  country  since  1831.  He  is  a  Presb}-terian,  and  his  wife  a  Mission- 
ary Baptist.  Mr.  Smith  stands  high  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  Granger,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  politics.     He  is  a  Democrat. 

WM.  T.  HAYES, 

P.  O.  Lexington.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Maryland, 
where  he  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Feb.  18,  1821.  His  father^ 
Abraham  Hayes,  deceased,  moved  to  this  county  in  1849,  and  died  here 
in  1861.  His  mother,  Elizabeth  E.  Hayes,  was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Wm. 
Tillord,  a  French  Huguenot,  who  settled  on  a  plantation  on  Chesapeake 
Bay  and  worked  a  large  number  of  slaves.  He  was  a  colonel  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary war  and  gave  liberally  of  his  means  to  the  cause  of  the  colonies. 
Mr.  Hayes'  grandfather  on  the  paternal  side  was  from  Wales.  He  was 
raised  and  educated  in  his  native  county,  and  came  with  his  father  to  this 
county  in  1849;  and  this  has  been  his  home  ever  since.  When  of  age  he 
began  clerking  in  Georgetown,  D.  C,  in  a  dry  goods  store.  He  then 
went  to  merchandising  in  Monocacy  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal. 
When  he  came  to  this  county  he  went  to  trading.  He  then  purchased  a 
farm,  which  he  has  increased  to  560  acres  of  splendid  land,  about  2  miles 
east  of  Lexington.  His  residence  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river,  and 
of  Ray  and  Carroll  counties.  For  several  years  he  was  engaged  in 
freighting  for  Russell,  Waddell  &  Majors  to  1862.  From  then  to  the  end 
of  the  war  he  was  employed  in  freighting  and  in  cattle  trading  for  himself. 
He  therefore  took  no  part  in  the  war,  though  his  sympathies  were  all  with 
the  lost  cause.  After  the  waf  he  returned  to  this  county  and  devoted 
himself  to  farming.  He  was  married  July  18,  1865,  to  Miss  Alice  Belle 
Ward,  daughter  of  Allen  D.  Ward,  formerly  of  Mason  county,  Ky.  They 
have  three  children,  all  sons,  living:  William  T.,  Franklin  Ward  and  Karl 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  641 

Wilson.      He  is  a  member  of  the  Grange.      Mrs.  Hayes  is  a  member  of 
the  Christian  church. 

AUSBURN  S.  MULLENIX, 
postoffice  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Pendleton  District,  S.  C,  April 
21,  1808.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Sallie  Mullenix,  moved  to  Tennessee 
when  he  was  three  years  old,  and  there  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He 
was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  has  followed  that  calling  all  his  life.  December, 
1842,  he  moved  to  this  county,  where  he  has  lived  since,  and  owns  530 
acres  of  land.  He  took  no  part  in  the  war,  but  had  two  sons  in  the  con- 
federate army.  One  of  them— Henry— died  from  disease  contracted  in 
camp.  He  was  married,  the  first  time,  in  1822,  to  Mrs.  Nancy  Bratton, 
who  lived  only  four  years  thereafter,  and  died  in  1826.  He  again  married 
in  1829,  to  Miss  Tirzah  Dale,  daughter  of  Rev.  Wm.  Dale,  of  Tennessee. 
He  had  three  children  by  his  first  marriage  and  seven  by  his  last.  Of 
these,  six  children,  one  son  and  five  daughters,  are  now  living.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Lexington.  His  wife  belongs  to  the 
same.  Before  the  war  he  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  four  years- 
He  expects  to  live  in  this  county  the  rest  of  his  life. 

JOHN  R.  FORD, 

was  born  at  Danville,  Ky.,  May  8, 1801.  He  is  the  son  of  Charles  and 
Elizabeth  Ford,  natives  of  Virginia.  His  father  died  when  he  was  but 
11  years  old.  He  was  raised  by  his  mother,  who  never  again  married, 
receiving  his  education  at  Danville.  He  remained  there  until  18  years  old. 
He  then  went  to  Natchez  and  engaged  in  raising  cotton.  He  lived  there 
until  1835,  being  married  Dec.  1,  1831,  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  Col.  Jas. 
Foster,  who  died  in  1833.  They  had  nine  children,  six  sons  and  three 
daughters,  all  living  at  this  time  except  one  son,  who  was  killed  during  the 
war.  His  name  was  John  R.,  Jr.,  being  23  years  old  at  the  time  he 
enlisted.  He  received  a  gun-shot  wound  near  Corinth,  from  which  he 
died.  There  were  two  other  sons  in  the  confedrate  army,  one  of  whom, 
James  Foster,  was  severely  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  from  which  he  recov- 
ered. Charles  W.,  the  youngest,  enlisted  in  '63,  being  at  the  time  only  16 
years  old,  serving  under  Gen.  Shelby.  On  leaving  Natchez,  Mr.  Ford 
returned  to  Danville,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1858.  He  then  moved 
to  Pettis  county,  Mo.,  and  there  settled.  He  was  living  there  at  the  time 
the  war  broke  out.  Before  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Ford  removed  to 
Lexington,  and  remained  three  years  with  his  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  L.  G. 
Barbour,  who  was  president  of  the  Elizabeth  Aull  college,, and  now  of 
Central  university,  of  Richmond,  Ky.  In  '65  Mr.  Ford  bought  the  home- 
stead of  Gen.  Shields.  They  have  one  married  daughter  still  residing  in 
Lexington — Carrie,  wife  of  Xenophon  Ryland ;  also  one  in  St.  Louis,  wife 


642  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

of  E.  L.  Breding.  Mr.  Ford  and  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  and  have  lived  together  in  married  state  for  over  half  a  cen- 
tury. 'Politically  Mr.  Ford  is  a  life-long  democrat  of  Andrew  Jackson 
school,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  that  old    battle-scarred  hero. 

MAJ.  A.  G.  YOUNG. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Hawkins  county,  east  Tennes- 
see, Sept.  26,  1794,  remaining  in  the  county  of  his  birth  until  1830,  when 
he  moved  to  Missouri,  settling  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  now  resides. 
Maj.  Young  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  under  Gen.  Cook.  Maj.  Young 
acquired  his  title  from  having  been  a  major  of  the  1st  battalion  of  the  4th 
regiment  of  Tennessee  militia.  He  also  held  the  rank  of  captain  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war,  but  was  never  called  out.  He  served  in  the  Mormon 
war,  in  1838.  Mr.  Young  was  too  old  to  take  part  in  the  last  war,  but  he 
had  two  sons  in  the  confederate  army;  he  also  had  one  son  in  the  Mexican 
war  under  Gen.  Doniphan.  Mr.  Young  was  first  marritd  on  the  22nd  of 
July,  1824,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  McChesney,  of  Virginia.  Ten  children  were 
born  of  this  marriage,  seven  sons  and  three  daughters,  five  of  whom  are 
now  living.  His  first  wife  died  Dec.  30,  1845,  and  he  was  again  married 
on  Dec.  7, 1874,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Hogan,  daughter  of  Gen.  David  Hogan. 
Maj.  Young  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  as  are  all 
his  children. 

JOHN  CATRON, 

was  born  in  White  county,  Tenn.,  Feb.  29,  1812.  At  the  age  of  seven  his 
parents  moved  to  Saline  county,  Mo.  Remaining  there  a  short  while 
they  moved  to  Lafayette  county  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by 
Gen.  Jo.  Shelby.  Mr.  Catron  learned  the  trade  of  brickmaking  and  fol- 
lowed it  for  some  thirty  years.  The  farm  on  which  he  now  resides  con- 
sists of  530  acres,  and  is  located  about  four  miles  from  Lexington.  Mr. 
Catron  was  in  the  Mormon  war  in  1838,  and  was  present  when  Smith,  the 
prophet,  surrendered.  Mr.  Catron  took  no  part  in  the  civil  war  of  '61-'65, 
but  had  one  son,  Thomas,  who  served  the  entire  four  years  in  the  confed- 
erate army.  Mr.  Catron,  being  southern  in  sentiment,  lost  heavily  in 
slaves.  Mr.  C.  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Fletcher,  Feb.  3,  1833,  nine 
children  being  the  result  of  this  marriage,  five  sons  and  four  daughters, 
all  living  at  this  writing  except  two.  Mr.  Catron  is  one  of  the  oldest  set- 
tlers in  the  county,  having  lived  here  for  63  years.  He  is  honored  and 
respected  by  all,  and  has  proved  himself  a  good  and  valuable  citizen. 

JAMES  C.  KELLY. 

The  subject  of  this   sketch  was  born  in   Madison  county,   Alabama, 
August  4,  1829.     His  parents  moved  to  Missouri,  in  1831,  and  settled  in 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  643 

Cooper  county,  and  there  James  was  raised  and  educated.  During  the 
war  he  remained  in  Cooper  county,  and  engaged  in  the  livestock  trade, 
at  which  he  was  very  successful.  In  1867  he  moved  to  Lafayette  county, 
and  in  1875  he  purchased  what  is  known  as  the  Lightner  farm,  three  miles 
south  of  Lexington,  where  he  resides  at  the  present  time,  it  being  one  of 
the  best  improved  farms  in  the  county.  Mr.  Kelly  was  married  to  Miss 
Maria  L.  Duncan,  April  3,  1851.  They  have  eleven  children,  five  sons 
and  six  daughters,  all  living,  except  one  daughter  who  died  in  1859. 
Mr.  K.  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church;  he  also  belongs  to 
the  Masonic  fraternity.  Mr.  K.  is  a  good  neighbor,  an  industrious  citizen 
and  has  well  earned  his  success. 

HENRY  C.  BRANCH, 
P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  Son  of  Henry  B.  and  Susan  C.  Branch. 
Was  born  in  Buckingham  county,  Virginia,  February  15,  1827,  where  he 
was  raised  and  educated,  to  the  age  of  fifteen  years,  when  he  came  with 
his  parents  to  this  state.  His  father  died  in  Carrollton,  Missouri,  July  17, 
1842.  His  mother  then  moved  to  this  county,  but  after  living  here  two 
years  returned  to  Carroll  county.  Mr.  Branch  spent  several  years,  first 
in  Platte  county,  Missouri,  and  then  in  Leavenworth  county,  Kansas,  and 
eleven  years  in  Saline  county,  Missouri.  In  1877  he  returned  to  this 
county,  and  settled  about  five  miles  from  Lexington,  where  he  has  a 
splendid  farm  of  180  acres.  In  1851  he  married  Miss  Dorothy  Perry,  of 
Platte  county,  Missouri,  by  whom  he  has  six  children,  living.  March  11, 
1872,  his  wife  died.  He  wras  married  again  December  20,  1873,  to  Miss 
Emma  Wilcoxen,  of  this  county,  by  which  marriage  he  has  three  chil- 
dren.    He  is  a  member  of  the  C.  P.  church. 

CHARLES  H.  BARRON, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  the  state  of  Georgia,  in  1835. 
While  Charles  was  quite  young  his  father,  Gustavus  Barron,  moved  from 
Georgia  to  Carroll  county,  Missouri,  and  settled  in  what  is  known  as  the 
"  sugar  tree  bottom,"  in  1847,  where  Charles  was  raised  and  educated. 
In  1871  he  began  the  grocery  business  at  Hardin,  Ray  county,  Missouri, 
and  continued  there  until  1874.  He  had,  previous  to  this,  learned  the  drug 
business  in  the  drug  store  of  Dr.  Moseby,  at  Richmond,  Missouri.  Leav- 
ing Hardin  he  came  to  this  county  and  engaged  in  farming  for  several 
years.  In  1877  he  quit  farming  and  entered  into  the  drug  business  in 
Lexington,  on  a  small  capital,  and  succeeded  so  well  that  in  1880  he  pur- 
chased property  on  Franklin  street,  and  is  now  engaged  in  both  the  drug 
and  grocery  business.  He  was  married  on  the  6th  of  June,  1871,  to  Miss 
Hattie  Pritchard,  and  to  this  union  have  been  born  six  children,  all  living. 
He  belongs  to  the  Methodist  church,  south,  and  his  wife  to  the  Christian 
church.     He  is  also  a  mason. 


644  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

STEWART  SUMMERS, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  A  native  of  Kentucky.  Was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery county,  Kentucky,  January  27,  1827.  His  father,  Caleb  Sum- 
mers, who  died  in  the  summer  of  1880,  moved  to  this  county  in  1836. 
He  had  been  a  farmer  in  Kentucky,  and  Stewart  was  raised  to  a  farmer's 
life.  The  family  settled  in  Washington  township,  in  this  county,  where 
he  was  mostly  educated.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  value  of  money,  and 
habits  of  economy,  and  when  he  became  of  age,  he  had  already  saved 
several  hundred  dollars  in  money.  Every  cent  of  this  was  expended  in 
aiding  his  father,  who  had  become  involved;  and  when  he  started  out  in 
life  he  had  just  seventy-five  cents  and  a  horse.  He  then  went  to  Wyan- 
dotte, sold  his  horse  for  seventy-five  dollars,  and  obtained  a  permit  to 
trade  with  the  Wyandotte  Indians.  In  1S51  he  bought  land  in  this  county 
and  began  farming,  which  he  continued  until  1863,  when  he  began  the 
grocery  business  in  Lexington.  In  1868  he  moved  into  the  new  store  he  had 
built  on  Franklin  street,  where  he  now  is.  In  1850  he  married  Miss  Rachel 
A.  Reed.  Has  no  children  living.  Both  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the 
Christia  church.  His  farm  lies  near  Odessa.  Few  men  can  show  a  bet- 
ter record  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

GEORGE  F.  KING, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  St.  Charles  county,  Missouri, 
October  23,  1842.  When  he  was  quite  young  his  parents  moved  to  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri,  but  after  a  short  residence  there,  moved  to  this  county, 
where  George  was  raised  and  educated  in  Lexington.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  he  was  apprenticed  to  Mr.  John  A.  Graham,  of  Lexington,  to 
learn  the  tinner's  trade,  where  he  remained  three  years,  and  then  one  year 
with  Wm.  Morrison.  He  enlisted  in  company  F,  10th  Missouri  vol- 
unteer cavalry,  U.  S.  A.,  and  served  during  the  war.  He  was  in  many 
battles,  fights  and  skirmishes,  but  was  never  either  wounded  or  taken 
prironer.  After  the  war  Mr.  King  returned  to  Lexington  and  began 
working  at  his  trade.  In  1868  he  entered  into  the  stove  and  tinware 
business  upon  his  own  account,  on  Franklin  street,  Lexington,  Missouri, 
where  he  now  is,  and  has  a  full  stock,  a  first  class  trade,  and  is  well 
insured.  In  1875  he  was  married  to  Miss  Caroline  Leichenring,  of  Lex- 
ington, by  whom  he  has  two  children  living.  He  belongs  to  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  to  the  Knights  of  Honor  and  to  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

HENRY  WIKLER, 

Post  office,  Lexington,  Mo.  Is  a  native  of  Saxony,  Germany  where  he 
was  born  July,  15,  1829;  was  raised  and  educated  in  Leipsig,  and  there 
learned  his  trade  of  furniture  making.     In  1849  he  came  to  America  and 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  645 

first  stopped  in  New  York,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  for  several 
years,  then  spent  a  year  or  so  in  St  Louis,  and  then,  in  1853,  he  came  to 
this  county  and  settled  in  Lexington  where  he  has  since  lived.  Here,  with 
his  younger  brother,  who  followed  him  to  this  country,  he  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  furniture.  They  have  gone  on  steadily  enlarging  their 
trade  and  facilities,  until  now  they  have  an  extensive  establishment  for  the 
manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  furniture,  in  which  they  employ  about  forty- 
fivt  men.  He  was  married  August  3, 1854  to  Miss  Eliza  Wilker,  who  has 
borne  him  six  children,  all  living,  and  the  oldest  daughter  married  to  Mr. 
John  Daehler.  Mr.  Wikler  belongs  to  the  Lutheran  church  and  is  also  a 
mason. 

GUSTAV  GRUBER, 

Post  office  Lexington,  Mo.;  one  of  the  few  business  men  in  Lexington 
who  can  boast  of  that  city  as  his  birthplace.  He  was  born  in  Lexington 
Sept.  24,  1S54,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  was  reared  to  the 
grocery  business,  his  father  having  for  years  been  engaged  in  that  busi- 
ness. After  he  was  grown  he  spent  two  years  clerking  in  the  wholesale 
grocery  house  of  Young  &  Jones,  St.  Louis,  and  for  a  time  was  with  the 
wholesale  house  of  Bargon  &  Brockoff.  He  then  returned  to  Lexington 
and  embarked  in  the  grocery  line  with  a  younger  brother,  under  style  of 
G.  Gruber  &  Bro.,  which  continued  four  years.  In  1878  Gustav  bought 
out  his  brother,  and  since  then  has  been  alone.  He  moved  to  Franklin 
street  soon  after  dissolving  with  his  brother,  and  has  now  a  large  and 
steadily  growing  trade.  He  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  merchants  in 
the  city,  and  has  a  business  standing  unusual  for  so  young  a  man. 

JOHN  POWELL, 

Post  office  Lexington,  Mo.;  is  a  native  of  Ireland  and  was  born  in  Tip- 
perary  county,  in  1836,  where  he  was  raised  and  edcucated.  He  was 
reared  to  the  grocery  business,  though  his  father,  George  Powell,  was  a 
farmer  in  Ireland.  In  1863  he  left  Ireland  and  came  to  the  United  States. 
He  landed  in  New  York,  where  he  was  in  the  grocery  trade  for  about  one 
year.  He  then  went  to  Canada  and  engaged  in  the  same  business.  In 
1871  he  came  to  Lexington  in  this  county,  and  entered  at  once  in  the  gro- 
cery business  and  has  continued  it  ever  since — indeed  was  never  engaged 
in  any  thing  else.  He  is  located  on  Franklin  street  and  is  doing  a  heavy 
business,  and  carries  about  $10,000  in  stock.  In  1871  he  was  married  in 
Lexington  to  Miss  Mary  Powell,  a  lady  of  the  same  name,  but  no  relation. 
They  have  one  child,  a  daughter,  named  Mattie  P.  Both  he  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  belongs  to  no  secret  order  and 
is  one  of  the  substantial  and  reliable  business  men  in  the  city. 


646  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

GARLAND  C.  GRAHAM, 

Post  office  Lexington,  Mo. ;  was  born  in  Lexington,  in  this  county,  on  the 
19th  of  February,  1839.  He  is  a  son  of  J.  H.  Graham,  whose  biography 
appears  elsewhere  in  this  work.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in  the  city 
of  Lexington.  He  learned  the  trade  of  tinner  with  his  brother  who  car- 
ried on  a  shop  in  Lexington.  He  then  went  to  Kansas  City  and  worked 
journey  work — then  traveled  in  several  states,  He  then  opened  a  shop  in 
the  tin  and  stove  business  in  Richmond,  Mo.,  soon  after  taking  J.  B. 
Nichols  into  partnership.  He  then  sold  out  to  his  partner  and  returned  to 
Lexington,  where  he  worked  until  1873,  and  then  went  to  Colorado.  In 
1873  he  returned  to  Lexington  and  opened  a  tin  and  stove  shop  on  Main 
street  on  a  small  capital.  In  one  year  he  took  into  partnership  Geo.  F. 
King,  which  continued  over  four  years.  The  firm  then  dissolved  and  he 
moved  to  Franklin  street,  where  he  now  carries  a  large  stock  and  does  a 
remunerative  business.  He  was  married  in  this  county,  Dec.  10,  1870  to 
Miss  F.  Smarr,  daughter  of  Wm.  T.  Smarr,  of  this  county,  and  by  which 
union  he  has  two  children  living — Lee  C  and  Maud.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church. 

JOHN  GOEHNER, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri;  was  born  in  Wittenburg,  Germany,  June  28 
1833,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  learned  the  trade  of  Mar- 
ble cutter  under  his  father,  Jacob  Goehner,  who  carried  on  a  shop  in  the 
City  of  Tuebinger,  Wittenburg.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  came  to  this 
country,  landing  in  New  York  in  1853.  The  first  five  years  he  spent  in 
working  at  his  trade  in  different  parts  of  the  union.  In  1859  he  came  to 
this  county,  and  settled  in  Lexington,  where,  after  working  journey  work 
for  a  year  or  more,  he  set  up  shop  for  himself  in  1860.  He  worried 
through  all  the  depression  and  hard  times  of  the  war,  and  since  that  time 
has  done  a  good,  and  constantly  increasing  business.  He  now  owns  a 
good  property  in  the  city  of  Lexington;  has  a  neat  building  on  Franklin 
street,  and  is  doing  a  thriving  business.  May  4,  1865,  he  was  married, 
in  Lexington,  to  Miss  Margaret  Soellner,  daughter  of  John  Soellner,  by 
which  union  they  have  three  children  living,  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  also  of  the  Odd  Fellows. 

CHARLES  W.  LOOMIS, 

postoffice,  Lexington,  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  enter- 
prising business  men  of  Lexington;  was  born  in  the  city  of  Madison,  Wis- 
consin, Oct.  1,  1853.  His  father,  Alexander  Loomis,  moved  to  S  Joe,  Mo. 
in  1856,  and  after  a  short  stay  there  moved  to  Lexington,  in  this  county, 
which  has  been  the  home  of  the  family  ever  since;  both  father  and  son,  at 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  647 

this  time,  being  engaged  in  business  in  Lexington.  Charles  was  raised 
here,  and  also  received  his  education  here..  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  he 
entered  as  clerk  in  the  drug  house  of  W.  B.  Tevis,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  In  1874  he  began  business  for  himself  under  style  of  J.  A.  Quarles 
&  Co.,  which  firm  had  a  successful  business  career  of  five  years,  and  then 
sold  out,  and  Mr.  Loomis  started  in  the  drug  business  alone,  on  Franklin 
street,  where  he  is  at  present,  and  keeps  constantly  on  hand  a  full  and 
complete  stock  of  first-class  drugs,  etc.  Mr.  Loomis  has  been  a  success 
so  far,  and  there  is  no  fair  way  to  judge  the  future  except  by  the  past  and 
present. 

EDWARD  T.  NICHOLSON, 

postoffice,  Lexington,  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  been  identified 
with  the  manufacturing  interests  of  Lexington  for  many  years,  and  still 
ranks  among  the  leading  business  men  of  the  city.  He  was  born  in  Lex- 
ington, North  Carolina,  Jan.  25,  1837,  but  was  raised  in  Lexington,  Mo. 
His  father,  Edward  Nicholson,  had  been  an  overseer  in  North  Carolina, 
but  died  when  Edward  T.  was  but  five  years  old.  After  his  father's 
death,  his  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Margaret  Trotter,  married 
again  to  a  Mr.  Garrett  Freeland ;  and  the  whole  family  moved  to  Lexing- 
ton, Mo.,  in  1846,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  lived  ever  since. 
Here  helwas  chiefly  raised,  educated,  and  learned  his  trade,  that  of  wagon 
and  plow  making.  In  1863  he  volunteered  and  raised  a  company  which 
he  commanded;  company  E,  of  Rathbun's  regiment,  C.  S.  A.  This  com- 
pany being  fractional,  was  soon  consolidated  with  another.  He  surren- 
dered in  1865.  He  returned  to  Lexington,  and  set  earnestly  to  work  to 
recover  his  broken  fortunes.  He  worked  as  he  could  until  1868,  when  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Chas.  Bartels,  in  the  manufacture  of 
wagons,  plows,  etc.,  in  a  building  which  they  erected  on  Cedar  street, 
Lexington.  Their  business  has  grown  rapidly  with  the  growth  of  agri- 
cultural interests  in  this  county.  They  soon  found  their  building  too  small 
and  purchased  the  large  brick  on  Franklin  street,  which  is  well  suited  to 
their  wants.  Since  1880,  they  have  handled  a  large  stock  of  wagons  and 
farm  machinery,  in  addition  to  their  own  work.  He  was  married  in  July 
1867,  to  Miss  Clara  Fall,  daughter  of  John  C.  Fall,  of  Lexington.  They 
have  five  children  living;  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church, 
south,  and  a  Mason,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  the  Baptist  church. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE   EGGLESTON, 

of  Eggleston  &  Co.,  P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri;  one  of  the  prominent 
business  men  of  the  city  of  Lexington,  Missouri;  was  born  in  Loudon 
county,  Virginia,  December  10,  1849.  His  father,  Rev.  Wm.  G.  Eggles- 
ton, is  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Church.     He  was  born  and  raised  in 


648  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  is  now  living,  at  Shepherdstown,  West  Virginia, 
and  is  still  employed  in  his  ministerial  labors.  The  subject  of  this  sketch, 
being  the  son  of  a  Methodist  minister,  did  not  live  very  long  at  any  one 
place,  being  subject  to  frequent  removals.  He  was  chiefly  reared,  how- 
ever, in  Winchester,  Virginia,  and  educated  at  Prince  George's,  Maryland. 
The  war  broke  out  just  in  time  to  cut  his  education  short.  By  reading, 
and  observation  he  has  done  much  to  make  up  that  of  which  the  war 
deprived  him.  He  came  to  Lexington,  in  this  county,  in  1873,  and  began 
clerking  in  the  dry  goods  house  of  Wilson  &  Hutchinson,  where  he  con- 
tinued about  four  years.  He  then  clerked  for  Davis  &  Allstadt,  in  the 
boot  and  shoe  trade,  for  a  year  or  more.  Having  then  established  his 
character  and  acquaintance,  he  purchased  the  boot  and  shoe  business 
of  W.  J.  Eckle,  deceased,  and  engaged  in  business  upon  his  own  account, 
in  1877.  Since  then,  by  strict  integrity  and  business  habits,  he  has  built 
up  a  large  and  growing  trade.  At  the  present  time,  the  house  carries  an 
average  stock  of  about  $10,000.  In  1880,  Mr.  Eggleston  took  into  part- 
nership Mr.  Robert  E.  Smith,  of  Lexington,  who  had  formerly  clerked 
for  him.  Messrs.  Eggleston  &  Smith  are  young  men,  and  comparatively 
new  to  Lexington.  They  stand  now  among  the  foremost  firms  in  the 
city. 

THOMAS  H.  BAYLESS, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Rappahannock  county,  Vir- 
ginia, August  27,  1827.  In  1835,  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Garrett 
county,  Kentucky,  where  they  lived  until  1843.  When  he  was  fourteen 
years  old,  his  father  died.  In  consequence  of  ill  health,  he  received  but  a 
limited  education.  In  1843,  he  moved,  with  his  mother  and  family,  to  this 
county,  where  he  entered  some  land,  and  farmed  it  until  1847.  He  then 
clerked  in  a  store  in  Lexington  one  year,  and  in  1848,  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising at  Utica,  Livingston  county,  Missouri,  where  he  continued  until 
1851,  and  then  went  to  Richmond,  Missouri,  where  he  carried  on  a  store, 
and  at  the  same  time,  one  in  Camden,  and  dealt  largely  in  tobacco,  and 
feeding  stock — some  years  feeding  as  high  as  200  cattle.  In  1869,  he 
closed  out  his  extensive  business,  and  came  to  Lexington,  in  this  county 
where  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business — purchasing  the  well-known  City 
Hotel,  of  which  he  is  now  sole  proprietor.  Beginning  life  with  a  very  smal* 
capital,  by  energy  and  management  he  has  accumulated  a  fortune  of  $30,- 
000.  In  1869,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Hudgens,  daughter  of 
Judge  William  Hudgens,  of  Lexington,  Missouri,  formerly  of  Virginia. 
They  have  had  ten  children,  six  of  them  living:  John  H.,  Fannie  P., 
Bessie,  Daisie  B.,  Samuel,  and  Blanche.  He  has  been  a  Mason  for 
twenty-two  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  South,  since 
1865. 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  649 

JOHN  S.  BLACKWELL, 
P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Anderson  county,  state  of  New 
York,  January  8,  1832.  When  he  was  only  two  years  old  his  parents 
both  died,  and  he  was  raised  by  his  sisters.  On  settlement  of  his  father's 
estate,  it  was  found  insolvent,  he  having  lost  heavily,  by  having  to  pay 
security  debts.  He  was  thus  left  to  make  his  own  way  in  the  world.  In 
1850,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  went  to  California,  and  engaged  in  min- 
ing, trading,  etc.,  and  at  the  same  time  commenced  reading  law,  until 
1862,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Placerville,  California.  Then 
went  to  Nevada,  then  to  New  Mexico,  then  to  Mexico,  and,  in  1865,  came 
to  this  county,  and  located  in  Wellington,  In  1878,  he  was  elected  prose- 
cuting attorney  for  Lafayette  county,  and  in  1880,  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  office.  Since  1878,  he  has  resided  in  Lexington,  the  county  seat. 
This  office,  of  prosecuting  attorney,  he  has  filled  with  honor  to  himself, 
and  credit  to  his  constituency.  In  1872,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Bettie  M. 
Rogers,  of  this  county,  daughter  of  Elisha  Rogers,  one  of  the  old  settlers 
of  this  county.  By  this  union  he  has  had  five  children,  four  of  them  now 
living:     Horace. F.,  George  P.,  Mary  K.,  and  Prentice  P. 

DR.  JAMES  G.  RUSSELL, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  New  York  in  1824,  where  he  was 
raised,  and  received  both  his  literary  and  his  professional  education.  In 
1852  he  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  in  the  city  of  Lexington,  where 
he  has  continued  for  thirty  years  in  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession, 
always  holding  a  front  rank  with  the  physicians  of  Lafayette  county.  In 
1861  he  joined  the  state  troops,  and  was  appointed  surgeon  of  Shelbv's 
command.  After  the  battle  of  Carthage  he  was  assigned  to  Clarkson's 
regiment  in  Raines'  devision,  then  brigade  surgeon  August,  1861,  and  then 
appointed  by  Gen.  Price  medical  director  of  the  hospitals  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Springfield.  In  1862  he  was  made  medical  director  of  the  Indian 
Territory,  and  changed  to  different  departments  to  the  close  of  the  war. 
All  of  which  positions  he  held  with  honor  to  himself,  and  discharged  his 
duties  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  superior  officers.  In  1852  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Sarah  M.  Fish  back,  of  this  county,  formerly  of  Kentucky,  and 
has  two  children  living — Charles  J.,  and  James  G.,  Jr. 

F.  R.  NEET, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Jessamine  county,  Ky.,  August,  1833, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  in  Lexington, 
Ky.,  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1851  he  came  to  St.  Louis  and 
worked  at  his  trade;  and  the  next  year,  1852,  came  to  Lexington,  in  this 
county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  and  worked  at  his  trade  until  1861,  when 


650  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

he  was  ordered  to  leave  on  account  of  his  union  sentiments.  He  went.  In 
April,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  "  K,"  1st  Missouri  Volunteers,  Col. 
Frank  Blair,  for  three  months.  Before  his  time  was  out  he  had  a  cap- 
tain's commission  to  recruit  a  company  for  three  years.  He  came  to  Lex- 
ington to  raise  his  company,  but  was  cut  off  from  St.  Louis,  and  assigned 
to  14th  Regiment  Missouri  Volunteers,  was  at  the  battle  of  Lexington, 
and  captured,  was  reorganized  and  sent  to  New  Mexico  to  fight  Indians. 
Being  exchanged,  they  were  ordered  back  from  Fort  Riley  to  fight 
rebels,  and  assigned  to  the  8th  Kansas  Regiment,  and  sent  to  Pittsburg 
Landing,  and  arrived  there  the  morning  of  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  They 
were  cut  to  pieces  in  the  battle,  having  eight  captains  killed.  In  1862  he  was 
ordered  to  raise  a  company  for  the  10th  Missouri  Cavalry,  as  senior  cap- 
tain of  the  regiment.  In  1863  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  of 
the  regiment,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Iuka,  Corinth,  2d,  with  Grant  at 
Vicksburg,  and  under  Gen.  Grierson  until  December,  1863,  then  transfer- 
red to  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  then  to  Alabama,  to  Gen.  Wilson's  com- 
mand, where  he  continued  to  the  end  of  war.  Twice  wounded.  Returned 
to  Lexington,  and  was  deputy  sheriff  for  several  years,  and  has  since  fol- 
lowed gardening.  September  6,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ella  Bethel, 
of  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  has  one  child — Alva. 

C.  M.  PIRNER, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Saxony,  Germany,  May  6,  1829, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated  (especially  in  chemistry).  In  1852  he 
came  to  the  United  States  and  landed  in  New  Orleans.  The  same  year 
he  settled  in  St.  Louis  and  worked  four  years  in  a  wholesale  drug  house. 
In  1856  he  came  to  Lexington,  in  this  county,  and  engaged  in  his  present 
business  of  druggist  and  apothecary,  and  is  now  the  oldest  drug  house  in 
Lexington,  and  doing  a  good  business.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  "  E," 
14th  Regiment  Missouri  Volunteers,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Lexington, 
where  he  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  By  his  wound  he  was  dis- 
abled from  further  service.  In  1860  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Meyer, 
daughter  of  Francis  Meyer  of  Lexington,  and  who  was  the  first  child  born 
in  Lexington  of  German  parents.  He  has  four  children,  Morris  E.,  Adde- 
line,  Caroline,  and  Lydia.     Mrs.  Pirner  died  September  25,  1873. 

JOHN  W.  MENG, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Callaway  county,  Mo.,  October  6, 
1847.  In  1852  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  this  county,  where  he  was 
educated  in  a  private  academy.  In  1864,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  "  B,"  Gordon's  regiment  of  Shelby's  command,  and  served 
to  the  end  of  the  war.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Big  and  Little  Blue,  Mine 
Creek,  Newtonia,  and  many  other  fights.     After  the  war  he  took  a  thor- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  651 

ough  course  of  dentistry,  and  graduated  at  the  Baltimore  college  of  den- 
tistry in  1870.  He  then  located  in  Lexington,  in  this  county,  and  has 
practiced  ever  since.  In  1874  he  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  Carter,  of 
this  county,  and  has  one  child,  Warren  Douglas. 

JOHN  E.  QUANDT, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Prussia,  April  13,  1832,  where  he 
was  raised  and  educated,  and  lived  until  he  was  twenty-eight  years 
old.  He  there  learned  his  trade  of  wagon-making.  In  1860  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  located  in  Lexington,  in  this  county,  where  he  has  since 
lived  and  carried  on  his  trade.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  14th  regiment, 
Missouri  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Lexington,  where 
he  was  badly  wounded  in  the  right  arm,  by  which  he  was  disabled  from 
further  service.  In  1863  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mehl,  of  Lexington, 
Mo.,  and  has  two  children — Mary  and  Lillie.  He  is  now  engaged  in  black- 
smith and  wagon-making. 

R.  T.  JESSE, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Caroline  Co.,Va.,Jan.  26,  1S38,  where 
he  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  was  educated  in  the  University  of  Virginia. 
When  the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  May  1,  1861,  in  Co.  F.,  30th  Virginia 
Infantry,  Pickett's  division  C.  S.  A.,  and  continued  in  service  to  the  end 
of  the  war.  Was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Manassas,  Bull  Run,  Seven 
Days'  Fight,  Seven  Pines,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  the  Wilder- 
ness, and  others  too  numerous  to  mention.  He  surrendered  with  Gen. 
Lee.  He  then  returned  home  and  followed  teaching.  Taught  one  year 
in  Virginia,  two  years  in  Alabama  and  six  years  in  Kentucky.  In  1874 
he  came  to  this  county  and  engaged  in  farming  for  several  years.  In  1878 
he  moved  to  Lexington  and  clerked  two  years,  and  in  December,  1880, 
entered  into  the  grocery  business,  in  which  he  is  at  present  engaged,  and 
is  doing  a  flourishing  business.  He  is  a  Mason  and  is  secretary  of  the 
Lodge.  He  is  also  N.  G.  of  the  Lodge  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  November,  1874, 
he  was  married  to  Mrs.  S.  C.  Perkins,  formerly  Miss  Early,  of  Kentucky. 
They  are  both  members  of  the  Baptist  church. 

JOHN  E.  BASCOM, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Brown  county,  Ohio,  April  7,  1818, 
where  he  lived  until  fifteen  years  old  on  a  farm  and  was  educated  at 
Augusta  College,  Kentucky.  From  1837  to  1847  he  was  engaged  in 
merchandising  in  different  towns  in  Kentucky.  In  1847  he  came  to  Mis- 
souri and  located  in  Lexington,  this  county,  and  engaged  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness, which  he  continued  to  carry  on  until  1864,  having  accumulated  a 
handsome  competency.  In  1866  to  1868  he  was  deputy  sheriff' and  col- 
lector of  Lafayette  county.      Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming. 


652  HISTORY    OF    LAFAVETTE    COUNTY. 

In  1844  he  was  married  to  Miss  Osee  T.  Chinn,of  Mason  county,  Ky.,  by 
whom  he  has  had  four  children,  three  living:  Eli  C,  John  L.  and  Henry 
B.  Both  he  and  his  wife  have  been  members  of  the  Christian  church  for 
many  years. 

D.  W.  B.  TEVIS, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Boonville,  Cooper  county,  Mo.,  Oct. 
21,  1834,  where  he  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  at  the  Masonic 
College,  Lexington,  Mo.  In  1859  he  set  out  to  seek  his  fortune  and 
landed  at  Lexington,  this  county,  and  went  clerking  in  the  drug  store  of 
Chapman  &  Home,  where  he  continued  until  1864,  when  he  bought  out 
the  firm  and  entered  upon  the  business  alone,  which  he  has  continued  to 
the  present  time.  He  now  carries  a  large  stock  of  drugs,  &c,  and  has  a 
flourishing  trade,  and  has  a  fine  farm  of  160  acres.  He  was  twice  county 
assessor,  in  1862  and  in  1864.  In  1863  he  married  Miss  Julia  Waddell  of 
Lexington.     Has  had  four  children — two  living:  Susan  and  Simeon  J. 

FAYETTE  PATTERSON, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  26,  1826, 
where  he  grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated.  His  father  being  a  brick- 
mason,  he  learned  that  trade  under  him.  In  1847  he  engaged  with 
his  father  in  merchandising  at  Tonawanda,  near  Niagara  Falls,  where  he 
continued  in  business  for  ten  years.  In  ]860  he  came  to  St.  Louis,  where 
he  remained  four  years  speculating.  In  1865  he  came  to  Lexington,  in 
this  county,  and  entered  into  his  present  business,  and  for  years  has  had  a 
large  and  flourishing  trade,  selling  goods  to  the  amount  of  $75,000  per 
annum,  and  has  made  all  he  has  by  his  own  energy  and  good  manage- 
ment. He  has  been  an  Odd  Fellow  for  twenty-five  years.  He  has  been 
a  church  member  since  he  was  a  small  boy.  In  1865  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Phoebe  Johnson,  of  Schuyler  county,  N.  Y.,  and  has  had  four  child- 
ren, three  of  them  now  living:  Robert  B,  Mary  E.  and  Oliver  H. 

COL.  JOSEPH  DAVIS, 

P.  O.  Lexington,  Missouri.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  been  promi- 
nent in  this  county  for  years,  and  is  well  known  in  the  state.  Was  born 
in  Surry  county,  North  Carolina,  May  5,  1819.  The  family  is  of  Welsh 
descent — his  great-grandfather,  Mathew  Davis,  having  emigrated  to  this 
country,  direct  from  Wales.  The  father  of  the  Colonel  was  also  named 
Mathew,  and  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  On  the  maternal  side  the 
family  name  was  Fields,  the  maiden  name  of  his  mother  being  Polly  Fields. 
Col.  Davis  was  born  on  his  father's  plantation  in  North  Carolina,  but  in 
his  seventh  year  moved  with  his  parents  to  Roane  county,  Tennessee— in 
1834  to  McMinn  county — and  in  1837  to  Henry  county,  Missouri,  where 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  653 

his  father  died  in  1855 — his  mother  died  in  1843.  Col.  Davis  was  thus 
raised  in  three  different  states.  His  school  education  was  limited — but 
close  observation,  and  a  happy  faculty  of  applying  his  observation  and 
experience,  have  in  a  great  measure  obviated  his  lack  of  scholastic  educa- 
tion. The  school  of  experience  is  after  all  the  best  school.  In  1841  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Rebecca  Nave,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Nave, 
of  Henry  county,  Missouri,  and  soon  after  began  keeping  the  hotel  in 
Clinton,  Missouri,  which  he  continued  until  1855,  and  in  the  meantime, 
1852-53,  he  was  deputy  receiver  of  lands,  under  Thomas  Allison,  which 
gave  him  the  opportunity  of  extending  his  acquaintance  to  all  parts  of  the 
state.  When  the  war  broke  out,  in  1861,  he  was  still  living  in  Clinton, 
and  of  course  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  south.  He  joined  the  M.  S.  G. 
under  Gen.  Price,  in  1861,  and  after  the  fight  at  Boonville  was  commis- 
sioned quartermaster,  with  rank  of  major,  on  Price's  staff.  In  1862  he 
resigned  and  went  to  Fayetteville,  Ark.,  where  he  had  previously  moved 
his  family  and  slaves.  From  that  time  to  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was 
burdened  with  the  care  of  a  large  family,  consisting  of  his  own  immediate 
family,  the  family  of  one  married  daughter,  whose  husband  had  been 
killed,  of  one  sister-in-law  whose  husband  was  in  the  confederate  army. 
His  widowed  mother-in-law  was  also  with  him,  which,  with  a  large  num- 
ber of  slaves,  prevented  his  return  to  the  army.  The  close  of  the  war 
found  him  at  Austin,  Texas,  his  slaves  gone,  and  with  life  to  begin  anew. 
In  1865  he  returned  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  this  county  upon  a  farm 
he  had  previously  purchased,  five  miles  southeast  of  Lexington,  which 
has  been  his  home  ever  since.  He  has  never  been  a  candidate  for  office* 
but  has  lived  the  life  of  a  quiet  and  independent  citizen  upon  his  own  farm. 
Col.  and  Mrs.  Davis  have  had  ten  children:  3  sons  and  7  daughters;  only 
five  of  whom  are  now  living,  all  daughters  and  all  married.  The  widowed 
daughter,  Mrs.  Wamsley,  whose  husband  was  killed  in  the  war,  was 
re-married  in  1868  to  Dr.  T.  E.  Owens,  formerly  of  this  county,  now  of 
Colorado.  Another  son-in-law,  Firman  Desloge,  is  one  of  the  proprietors 
and  the  manager  of  the  well  known  Desloge  mines,  at  St.  Joseph,  Mis- 
souri. Another  son-in-law,  Z.  B.  Clardy,  is  prosecuting  attorney  of  St. 
Francois  county,  Missouri,  and  another,  Mr.  McWilliams,  is  now  engaged 
in  the  cattle  business  in  Colorado,  on  the  Texas  Pacific  railroad.  Col. 
Davis  has  twelve  grandchildren.  He  and  all  his  family  are  members  of 
the  Christian  church.  He,  himself,  joined  the  masonic  order,  but  never 
took  but  one  degree,  and  has  not  attended  a  lodge  for  years.  Politically, 
he  is  a  strong  democrat,  though  formerly  a  whig,  and  still  hopes  to  live  to 
see  the  government  of  the  people  restored  to  its  former  purity, 
cc 


654 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 


MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP. 

DR.  J.  B  WOOD. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  highly  respected  citizen  and  honored  phy- 
sician of  Waverly,  is  the  son  of  Wm.  F.  and  Sarah  E.  Wood,  who  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Lafayette  county,  formerly  of  Ten- 
nessee. The  doctor  was  born  in  Lafayette  county,  Feb.  25,  1839.  He 
received  his  education  at  Lexington  and  Chapel  Hill  College.  Com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  when  sixteen  years  old  under  Dr.  S.  W 
Brown.  Afterwards  attended  St.  Louis  medical  college  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  class  of  1859-60.  Began  practice  of  medicine  in  Waverly.  When  the 
war  came  on,  he  enlisted  in  the  southern  cause,  and  left  Waverly  with 
Gen.  Shelby's  company,  as  assistant  surgeon  of  his  regiment,  and  after- 
wards was  promoted  to  surgeon.  He  was  with  Shelby  through  the  entire 
war.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Newtonia,  Prairie  Grove  Spring- 
field, Harstville,  Helena,  Little  Rock,  Jenkins  Ferry  and  every  raid  made 
in  Missouri.  After  the  surrender  of  Shreveport,  he  returned  to  his  home 
in  Waverly  and  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  partnership  with  Dr 

^enCZ»-r0Zn'  Wh°  retir6d  in  187L    Jan'  10'  1867'  he  wa*  carried  to 
Miss  Willie  Demass,  of  Saline  county.     At  the  organization  of  the  Lafav- 
ette  county  medical  association,  in  November,  1879,  was  elected  president 
which  position  he  now  holds.     He  is  also  a  member  of  the  masonic  order 
and  for  many  years  has  been  worshipful  master. 

CAPT.  WM.  A.  REDD. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  son  of  Walter  and  Rebecca  Redd  of 
Fayette  county,  Ky.,  where  he  was  born  and  lived  until  grown  to  man- 
hood.    Received  his    education  at  Locust  Grove  academy,  Kentucky 
After  completing  his  education,  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Lexington.     In  1856  he  moved  to  Chicago  and  there  he  continued  in  the 
mercantile  trade.     From  Chicago  he  removed  to  Lafayette  county  where 
he  remained  until  the  war  broke  out.     He  then  enlisted  in  the  confederacy 
and  was  captain  and  adjutant  of  Shelby's  regiment,  in  which  he  remained 
throughout  the  war.     In  1866  he  was  a  planter  in  Alabama.     In  1867  he 
returned  to  Lafayette  county  where  he  has  since  lived  engaged  in  general 
merchandise.     In  May,  1859,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mildred  Taylor   of 
Dover,  Lafayette  county.     By  this  marriage  he  has  three  children   fan 
ette  M.,  Hubbard  F.  and  Mary  W.     Capt  Redd    is  one  of  Lafayette 
county's  most  enterprising  men.     In  addition  to  his  merchandise  business 
he  is  carrying  on  a  farm  near  Waverly  in  partnership  with  his  brother' 
also  has  1,000  head  of  cattle  in  Texas.  ' 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  655 

JAMES  M.  HOPKINS, 

land-holder  and  stock-dealer;  is  a  native  of  Maryland,  the  son  of  Rigby 
and  Mary  (Aull)  Hopkins.  Mr.  Hopkins  was  born  April  7,  1815,  and 
lived  in  his  native  state  until  the  year  1845.  He  then  came  to 
Boone  county,  Missouri,  where  he  settled  upon  a  farm  until  1854;  he  then 
came  to  Saline  county,  and  in  1857  came  to  Lafayette  county,  Mo.,  here  has 
engaged  in  merchandising  for  twenty  years.  He  is  the  owner  of  800  acres 
of  Lafayette  county's  best  land.  In  1857  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ann 
Corrin,  an  English'lady,  who  died  Nov.  9, 1876.  Mr.  Hopkins  is  a  public- 
spirited  man  and  a  strong  man  in  the  M.  E  church,  south,  of  which  he  is 
a  devout  member. 

JOHN  J.  HALL. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  the  son  of  Braxton  P. 
and  Catherine  Hall,  natives  of  the  same  state.  He  was  born  Nov,  26, 1814. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  his  parents  moved  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
Saline  county'  where  he  and  his  parents  lived  upon  the  farm  for  several 
years.  In  1834  run  a  store  in  Henry  county,  Mo.,  on  the  frontier. 
Thence  to  Miami  where  he  engaged  in  merchandise  for  several  years,  then 
moved  to  Dover,  in  this  county,  where  he  was  associated  with  Fletcher  in 
the  manufacture  of  rope.  In  1845  he  came  to  Waverly  where  he  built  a 
flouring  mill.  Afterwards  resumed  his  favorite  pursuit  of  merchandising 
until  the  war  broke  out.  During  the  war  he  took  his  family  of  girls  to 
Shelbyville,  Kentucky,  to  college  and  remained  with  them.  In  1866  he 
returned  to  Waverly,  Mo,  where  he  was  elected  mayor  and  justice  of  the 
peace  which  position  he  held  till  1881,  when  he  resigned  both  offices.  In 
1840  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lucretia  M.  Craig,  daughter  of  Dr.  Robert 
Craig,  natives  of  Virginia.  By  this  marriage  he  had  seven  children,  five 
of  whom  are  now  living:  Blanche  (Corder),  Mary  E.  (Deartherage), 
J.  E.  (Mrs.  Dr.  Chin),  Dixie  L.  (Andrew  Francisco),  Katie,  (Dr.  Bell.) 

SENATOR  E.  M.  EDWARDS, 

is  a  native  of  Cabell  county,  W.  Va.,  the  eldest  son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah 
(McConnas)  Edwards,  who  came  to  Johnson  county  in  1839,  where  they 
settled  upon  a  farm  for  two  years.  They  moved  to  Platte  county,  tnen  to 
Marshall,  Saline  county,  in  1847.  In  1848  he  came  to  Waverly  and 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  and  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace; 
during  this  time  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861 
His  practice  was  chiefly  in  Lafayette  and  Saline  counties.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  and  made  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
permanent  seat  of  government.  Was  re-elected  in  the  year  lb b0,  over 
Col.  Henry  Chiles,  C.  C.  Tevis,  and  W.  C.  Smith,  republicans.      He 


656  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

received  the  nomination  over  the  democrats  and  defeated  the  republican 
nominee  by  1,345  votes  in  Lafayette  county.  The  second  official  term  he 
was  made  a  member  of  the  committe  on  internal  improvements,  and  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  claims.  His  chief  attention  has  been  directed 
towards  correcting  the  defects  and  inconsistencies  of  the  law.  He  was 
the  first  master  of  the  lodge  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Was  married  March  19, 
1843,  to  Miss  Mary  B.  Lyon,  of  Logon  county,  Ky.,  and  by  her  he  had 
eleven  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living:  G.  W.  H.,  Joseph  L.  and 
Wm.  S.  Mrs.  Edwards  died  in  August,  1870.  He  was  again  married,  to 
Mrs.  Fannie  R.,  relict  of  Wm.  Berriman,  of  Henry  county,  Ky.  By  this 
marriage  he  had  two  children,  Frank  and  James  E.  R. 

JOHN  E.  CORDER, 

farmer  and  merchant,  and  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Corder  &  Redd, 
leading  merchants  of  Waverly.  Mr.  Corder  is  a  native  of  Rappahanock 
county,  Virginia,  and  was  born  Aug  1,  1836,  the  third  son  of  a  family  of 
eight  children  of  Eliza  and  Sarah  (Jeftres)  Corder,  who  were  natives  of 
the  same  state.  He  spent  his  early  life  with  his  parents  in  Virginia,  where 
he  received  his  education.  When  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  he  came 
west  and  located  in  Lafayette  county,  Mo.  In  the  fall  of  1856  he  went  to 
Kansas,  and  during  her  troubles  was  body  guard  for  John  M.  Reid. 
When  relieved  he  then  returned  to  Lafayette  county,  and  was  employed 
by  Corder  &  Co.  In  1860  he  was  married;  then  left  his  bride  for  the 
field  of  battle.  Was  in  Gen.  Shelby's  command,  and  fought  in  the  battle 
of  Newtonia,  Prairie  Grove,  Helena,  Prairie  de  Ann,  Little  Rock,  West- 
port,  Marshall,  Springfield,  Jenkins  Ferry,  and  with  Shelby  in  all  his 
raids.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  his  wife,  who  was  Rebecca  Heaton 
daughter  of  Col.  D.  Heaton,  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  1812.  He  now 
became  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  which  he  followed  in  con- 
nection with  his  mercantile  business.  Mr.  Corder  is  a  very  enterprising 
man  and  is  the  possessor  of  about  1,000  acres  of  extra  good  land.  His 
mariage  was  blessed  with  three  children:  Katie  E.,  Leslie,  and  Frank 
Gordon.  Mr.  Corder  holds  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  peace  of  his  town- 
ship, also  mayor  of  his  town.  These  offices  he  holds  with  satisfaction  to 
the  people  and  credit  to  himself. 

THOMAS  A.  GROVES, 

farmer  and  junior  partner  of  the  firm,  owners  of  Lafayette  county  star 
mills,  and  is  a  native  of  this  county.  His  parents  were  David  and  Eliza 
(tlutchings)  Groves,  they  were  from  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  and  came 
to  this  county  in  1838.  Thomas  spent  his  early  life  with  his  parents,  and 
received  his  education  in  the  Masonic  college  at  Lexington,  and  graduated 
in  the  years  1856 — 57.     After  graduating  he  merchandised  for   a  short 


HISTORY  OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  657 

time,  but  abandoned  that  and  went  on  to  the  farm.  When  the  war  came 
on  he  joined  Gates'  regiment,  with  which  he  remained  till  the  fall  of 
Vicksburg;he  then  joined  Shelby's  command,  with  whom  he  remained 
.  through  the  war.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  farm  life.  In  November, 
1866,  he  was  marred  to  Miss  Mary  C,  daughter  of  Col.  G.  B.  Warren, 
of  Dover;  by  this  marriage  he  has  two  children:  George  Warren  and 
David. 

H.  C.  FRANCISCO, 

stock  and  grain  dealer,  is  a  native  of  Saline  county,  Mo.,  born  March 
1st,  1845;  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Joann  (Christie)  Francisco,  who  were 
natives  of  Woodford  county,  Ky.,  and  emigrated  to  Saline  county,  Mo., 
at  an  early  day.  H.  C.  was  educated  in  Saline  county,  and  at  Chapel 
Hill  college.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  joined  Taylor's  company,  and 
served  in  the  trans-Mississippi  department,  serving  through  the  war. 
Then  he  returned  to  Saline  county,  where  he  lived  for  two  years,  then 
moved  to  Waverly.  In  March,  1875,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Emma 
Thomas,  daughter  of  Oscar  and  Serelda  Thomas.  By  this  marriage  he 
has  two  children. 

JOHN  S.  CALLOWAY. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  Harrison- 
ville,  December  31st,  1844;  educated  in  Bates  county,  where  he  was 
when  the  war  broke  out.  He  then  enlisted  in  Peyton's  regiment,  and  was 
with  Price  most  of  the  time,  serving  under  Holmes,  E.  K.  Smith  and 
Beaureguard;  is  the  son  of  James  H.  and  Mary  (Martin)  Calloway,  of 
Tennessee. 

J.  W.  TUCKER, 

druggist,  is  a  native  of  Maryland,  the  son  of  Walter  and  Nancy  Tucker, 
natives  of  eastern  Maryland.  J.  W.  was  born  May  8th,  1816;  educated 
at  Brookville,  Indiana;  received  his  medical  education  in  the  Cincinnati 
medical  college,  of  Ohio.  After  leaving  college  he  practiced  medicine  in 
Livingston  county,  Mo.,  until  the  Mexican  war  broke  out  when  he  and 
Captain  Slack  raised  a  company  of  men,  and  the  doctor  was  made  First 
Lieutenant  of  that  company,  L,  second  regiment  Missouri  volunteers 
command  by  Gen.  Sterling  Price;  was  in  the  battle  of  Canada,  and  was 
discharged  at  Ft.  Leavenworth  in  1847;  then  returned  home  and  engaged 
in  the  drug  business,  first  at  Carrollton,  and  then  at  Brunswick,  and  lastly 
at  Waverly,  in  the  year  1866. 


658  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

REV.  J.  M.  SCOTT, 

pastor  of  O.  S.  Presbyterian  church  of  the  U.  S.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  a  native  of  Hardy  county,  W.  Va.;  was  born  January  18,  1830. 
The  son  of  Rev.  W.  M.  and  Nancy  (Daniel)  Scott,  who  lived  and  died  in 
the  old  state  of  Virginia.  Joseph  M.  received  his  collegiate  education  in 
Hampden,  Sidney  college,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1851-52.  His 
theological  instructions  were  receieved  in  the  Union  theological  seminary 
and  at  the  Danville  theological  seminary,  of  Kentucky.  His  first  charge 
was  Winchester,  Ky.,  and  afterwards  he  supplied  the  churches  of  Clear 
Creek  and  Green  Springs,  Ky.  In  1865  he  had  a  charge  at  Carlisle  until 
1871,  when  he  moved  to  Carrollton,  Mo.,  and  lived  three  years.  Then 
he  moved  to  Jersey  ville,  Ills.,  where  he  was  pastor  of  the  second  Presby- 
terian church  for  six  years.  He  then  came  to  Waverly  where  he  has 
since  resided.  On  the  fifth  Sabbath  of  July,  1881,  he  was  installed  pastor 
of  the  O.  S.  Presbyterian  church.  In  1857  he  was  married  to  Miss  Jose- 
phine Coon,  of  Nicholasville,  Ky.,  by  whom  he  has  one  daughter,  Anna 
M.  (Guinn).  In  1860  Mrs.  Scott  died,  and  in  1861  he  was  again  married 
to  Miss  Nannie  Parks,  daughter  of  Col.  T.  S.  Parks,  of  Nicholas  county, 
Ky.  This  marriage  was  blessed  with  six  children:  Mabel,  Lydia  H., 
Lizzie  D.,  Mattie  P.,  Wm.  S.  and  Thompson  P. 

CHARLES  KRAUS, 

dealer  in  hardware,  tinware,  and  furniture.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Germany,  September  10,  1848.  His  parents  were  John  and 
Anna  D.  Kraus,  who  moved  to  America  in  the  year  1850.  His  father 
was  a  soldier  in  the  French  revolution,  and  died  in  Lafayette  county,  Mis- 
souri, in  the  year  1874.  Charles  received  his  education  in  this  county. 
Was  occupied  upon  the  farm  for  ten  years.  In  1870,  he  purchased  the 
hardware  store  of  S.  W.  Campbell,  also  the  hardware  of  Mr.  T.  Patter- 
son. The  fact  that  Mr.  Kraus,  in  his  commencement  of  business,  had 
nothing,  speaks  well  for  his  energy  and  enterprise,  and  has  become  one  of 
Waverly's  most  influential  men.  In  1878,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Anna 
M.  Boof,  who  lived  but  a  short  time. 

LANDRUM  BROTHERS, 

William  H.  and  Thomas  R.,  carriage  and  buggy  manufacturers,  at  Wav- 
erly. They  are  natives  of  Campbell  county,  Virginia.  Their  parents 
were  John  J.  and  Mary  C.  Landrum,  and  were  to  the  manor  born,  and 
now  reside  in  their  native  state.  The  brothers  were  educated  in  old  Vir- 
ginia, and  came  to  Missouri  in  the  year  1873,  and  settled  in  Waverly, 
where  they  have  since  lived.  The  oldest  brother,  William  H.,  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Laura  Dinwiddie,  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Clayton. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  659 

JAMES  ROLLINS, 

city  marshal.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  one  of  Price's  best  soldiers, 
and  is  now  a  citizen  of  Waverly.  He  was  born  in  the  year  1840,  the  son 
of  B.  F.  and  Elizabeth  Rollins,  natives  of  Henry  county,  Kentucky.  He 
came  to  Missouri  in  the  year  1856,  and  located  in  Saline  county,  where  he 
lived  till  the  war  came  on.  He  then  enlisted  in  Price's  army,  in  1861,  and 
was  with  him  until  he  returned  to  the  trans-Mississippi  department,  then 
went  into  the  flying  artillery  for  a  while,  then  with  Jackson  a  short  time, 
then  under  Forest.  In  1870,  was  married  to  Miss  Nannie  Kaine,  of  Saline 
county.  By  her  he  has  four  children:  Lizzie,  John  W.,  Anna  M.,  and 
Essie  Belle. 

THOMAS  J.  FLETCHER, 

druggist.  A  native  of  Lafayette  county,  Missouri.  Born  September  19, 
1838.  His  parents,  George  C.  and  Mary  (Hall)  Fletcher,  were  natives  of 
Mason  county,  Kentucky,  and  moved  to  Saline  county,  Missouri,  in  1832, 
where  they  resided  for  a  short  time,  and  then  moved  to  Lafayette  county. 
Thomas  is  one  of  four  sons  that  lived  to  be  grown  to  manhood.  His 
chief  business  in  life  has  been  of  a  mercantile  nature.  In  1861,  he  opened 
a*  drug  store  in  Lexington,  which  he  continued  for  eight  years.  In  1869, 
he  came  to  Waverly,  built  a  store  building,  and  has  been  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness ever  since,  in  that  town.  In  1859,  was  married  to  Miss  Fannie 
Whittlesey,  daughter  of  P.  R.  and  Salutia  (Stone)  Whittlesey,  of  New 
York.  By  this  marriage  he  has  seven  children:  Mary  (Corder),  George 
R.,  Christopher  E.,  Henry  W.,  Thomas  J.,  Fannie  W.,  and  Willie  K. 
Mr.  Fletcher  was  a  student  of  Shelby  college  four  years.  A  graduate  of 
Jones  College,  at  St.  Louis,  in  the  close  of  the  year  1869. 

R.  C.  BOOTON, 

insurance  agent,  and  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Booton  &  Graves,  pro- 
prietors of  Lafayette  County  Star  Mills.  Mr.  Booton  was  born  October 
1,  1835,  in  Culpepper  county,  Virginia,  the  son  of  William  and  Jane 
(Wood)  Booton,  who  were  also  natives  of  Virginia.  Mr.  Booton  spent  his 
early  life  with  his  parents  upon  the  farm.  Received  his  education  at  the 
Missouri  State  University,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1857.  He 
came  to  Lafayette  county  in  1843,  with  his  widowed  mother,  who  died  in 
1854.  After  that  time,  he  was  engaged  farming  till  1872.  He  then 
engaged  in  merchandising,  in  Waverly,  for  two  years,  when  he  bought 
out  the  Starr  Mills.  November,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie 
Neale,  daughter  of  William  Neale,  formerly  of  Parkersburg,  West  Vir- 
ginia.    By  this  marriage  Mr.  Booton  has  one  child,  Southwood. 


660  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

DR.  J.  WARREN. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  native  of  Lincoln  county,  Kentucky, 
and  born  October  12,  1816,  the  soi!  of  William  and  Lucretia  (Taylor) 
Warren.  His  father  a  native  of  Virginia.  His  mother  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. She  died  in  her  native  state  in  the  year  1819.  The  doctor  received 
his  education  at  Central  College,  Danville  and  Transylvania  College,  Lex- 
ington, Kentucky,  where  he  graduated  in  the  year  1845.  He  then  emi- 
grated to  Dover,  Lafayette  county,  Mo.,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine,  until  1853.  He  then  bought  a  farm  in  Cass  county,  Mo.,  which 
he  cultivated  with  his  servants  until  the  war. came  on,  he  then  came  to 
Lafayette  county,  Mo.  Thence  with  his  servants  to  Boone  county,  where 
he  was  when  the  slaves  were  made  free.  In  June,  1865,  he  located  at 
Columbia,  where  he  practiced  the  medical  profession  five  years.  He  then 
returned  to  Lafayette  county,  locating  at  Waverly,  where  he  now  resides. 
In  September,  1849,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Isabelle  Dickson,  daughter  of 
Rev.  Wm.  Dickson.  By  this  marriage  he  has  three  living  children:  Anna 
C,  (Shindler),  Amanda  Lee,  and  Lucy.  Belle,  (Dr.  Trogan).  The  War- 
rens are  of  English  decendants,  and  came  to  America  in  1781,  under  act 
of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  to  settle  land. 

H.  J.  GALBRAITH, 

farmer,  born  November  20,  1796,  in  Lincoln  county,  Kentucky,  and  the 
son  of  Alexander  Galbraith.  In  1817,  his  parents  emigrated  to  Howard 
county,  Mo.,  where  they  resided  for  seven  years,  they  then  moved  to 
Saline  county,  and  from  there  to  Lafayette  county.  Here  Henry  was 
married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Thomas.     She  died  in  1867. 

DR.  SPENCER  W.  BROWN. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  his 
parents,  James  and  Mary,  (Palmore),  who  came  to  Missouri  in  1831,  from 
Buchanan  county,  Va.  Spencer  was  educated  at  Fayette  Central  Col- 
lege, and  received  his  diploma  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  the  year  1850,  he  came  to  Waverly  from  college  and 
practiced  the  medical  profession  till  the  war  broke  out,  he  then  joined  the 
confederate  army,  under  Shelby  till  he  (Shelby),  was  made  General,  then 
he  (Dr.  Brown),  was  promoted  surgeon  of  his  regiment,  afterwards  brig- 
ade surgeon.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Waverly  and  took 
up  the  practice  of  medicine  in  that  place.  This  he  abandoned  in  the  year 
1870  for  a  more  retired  life.  In  June  1856,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth A.  Houston,  daughter  of  Col.  David  Houston,  formerly  of  Virginia. 
By  this  marriage  he  has  four  children:  Mary  E.,  Spencer  Lee,  Benjamin 
H.,  and  Wm.  Palmore. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  661 

PROF.  J.  W.  CARTER, 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  an  old  teacher,  of  considerable  reputation. 
His  parents,  Curtis  and  Letitia,  (Woodward)  Carter,  were  Virginians  by- 
birth,  of  Henry  county,  where  the  Professor  was  born  and  raised  to  man- 
hood. He  was  educated  under  Alexander  Campbell  at  Bethany  College, 
where  he  graduated  A.  B.,  in  1850,  and  after  five  years  teaching,  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  was  conferred.  For  three  years  following  his  gradua- 
tion he  taught  school  at  Dover.  In  March,  1855,  was  called  to  Paris,  Mo., 
to  take  charge  of  the  Paris  Female  Seminary,  which  he  did  for  three 
years.  In  1857  he  came  to  Waverly,  where  he  taught  school  for  six  years, 
he  then  was  recalled  to  Paris,  where  he  remained  for  five  years,  and  then 
came  back  to  Waverly  in  1868,  where  he  has  since  been  teaching.  Nov. 
12,  1850,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret  B.  Campbell,  niece  of  Alex- 
ander Campbell;  daughter  of  Archibald  and  Elenor  Campbell,  natives  of 
Ireland.  By  this  marriage  he  has  four  children  now  living:  J.  Lee,  Mari- 
an D.,  (N  H.  Gentry),  Wm.  H.  and  Joseph  W.  Prof.  Carter  is  a  true 
Christian  man,  having  been  a  devoted  member  of  the  Christian  church 
since  his  youth. 

JAMES   GOODWIN, 

dealer  in  farm  implements,  Waverly.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  an  old 
settler  of  Lafayette  county,  arriving  here  in  the  spring  of  1840  from  Rap- 
pahannock county,  Va.  James  was  born  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.,  Janu- 
ary 9,  1804.  His  parents  were  John  and  Elizabeth  Goodwin,  who  were 
natives  of  the  county  where  James  was  born.  The  early  life  of  James 
was  devoted  to  tilling  of  the  soil.  After  his  first  marriage,  which  occur- 
red June  29,  1828,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Corder,  daughter  of  Judge  V.  Cor- 
der,  he  merchandised  for  35  years,  and  on  coming  to  Missouri  he  pur- 
chased a  farm,  which  he  farmed  until  the  close  of  the  war.  By  the  above 
marriage  they  had  five  children:  John  T.,  George  E.,  Eliza  J.,  (Judge 
Hays)  now  dead,  Elizabeth,  and  James  W.  After  the  death  of  his  first 
wife  he  was  married  to  Evelyn  Corder,  daughter  of  Rev.  Martin,  of  Dover. 
By  this  marriage  they  have  five  children,  Martin,  Henry,  Mary  (Gog- 
gins)  Martha,  (Perry  Cartrow).  This  wife  having  died  he  again  was 
married  to  Miss  Martha  Marshall  in  1849.  By  this  wife  he  has  five  chil- 
dren: Franklin,  Alice  (Burnett),  Walter,  Albert,  and  Birdie. 

DR.  CHARLES  SMITH, 

physician  and  surgeon,  Waverly,  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one 
of  the  most  promising  phvsicians  of  Lafayette  county.  A  graduate  of  the 
Missouri  medical  college;  graduated  in  the  class  of  1878-79.  Returned  to 
Waverly,  where  he  spent  his  boyhood  days  to  practice  his  learned  pro- 


662  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNT  Y. 

fession,  at  which  he  has  been  successful.  Dr.  Smith  is  a  native  of  Lafay- 
ette county  Mo,  born  December  27,  1855.  His  parents  are  George  W 
and  Susan  Smith  natives  of  Kentucky,  and  came  to  this  county  in  W 
Dr.  Smith  is  a  Mason  of  good  standing,  also  a  member  of  A.  O.  U 
W  and  of  the  Lafayette  County  Medical  Association,  before  which  body 
he  has  read  some  fine  papers,  which  reflected  much  credit  upon  him  as  a 
physician.  r 

DR.  GEORGE  FEAGANS, 
physician  and  surgeon  of  Waverly.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native 
of  Fauquier  county  Va^;  born  February  16,  1846.  His  parents,  John  R., 
and  Elizabeth  Wh.te)  Feagans,  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  came  to 
Boone  county,  Mo.,  ,n  1856.  Thence  to  Lafayette  countv  in  1860.  George 
was  educated  at  Haynes'  high  school,  in  Lexington,  and  his  medical  edu- 

SrVTT  'at  St-L°-  medical  college' where  he  Kraduated  in 

1869-70.  Then  he  located  at  Waverly,  where  he  practiced  for  some  time 
be  ore  entermg  Bellview  medical  college  of  New  York,  in  which  he  grad- 
uated m  1874,  and  returned  to  Waverly  to  practice  his  profession,  where 
he  has  an  extensive  practice.  In  October,  1877,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Lutie  B.  Warren,  daughter  of  Dr.  James  M.  and  Belle  (Dickson)  War- 
ren, formerly  of  Kentucky.  ' 

N.  P.  BUCK, 
stock  dealer  and  farmer.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  youngest  son 
of  a  family  of  four,  and  the  son  of  Dr.  Perry  G.  and  Rebecca  (Thomas) 
Buck,  who  came  to  this  county  prior  to  1820,  from  New  York  Dr  Buck 
was  married  in  this  state  soon  after  his  advent  here,  and  settled  in  Lex- 
ington, built  the  first  house  in  the  town.  Mr.  Buck,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  m  Lexington  in  1832,  and  was  educated  at  the  Masonic 
college.  In  I860  he  went  to  the  eastern  part  of  the  county  and  engaged 
in  farming.  He  now  owns  740  acres  of  land,  and  raises  corn  and  wheat 
extensively.  Keeps  about  300  head  of  cattle,  which  he  fattens  and  ships 
to  eastern  markets.  In  November,  1869,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mar- 
garet Pnchard,  daughter  of  E.  R.  and  Eliza  Prichard,  of  Lexington,  for- 

Z  Y  HO    mT°T'  Ky'     %  tWs  marriaSe  hc   has  four  children- 
Edward  O.,  Nellie,  Mary,  and  Napoleon. 

B.  F.  McCORD, 
farmer     Is  a  son  of  Wm.  D.  and  Theodotia  McCord,  of  Madison  county, 
Ky    and  was  born  January  30,  1832,  in  the  same  county.     He  spent  his 
early  life  with  h,s  father,  who  was  the  possessor  of  a  large  body  of  land 
and  was  engaged  in  loaning  money.  He  received  his  education  at  Bethany 
College,  Virginia.     After  he  left  college  he  came  to  Lafayette  county 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  663 

Mo.,  where  he  purchased  land  and  has  since  lived.  In  1862  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Alice  J.  Brown,  daughter  of  B.J.  Brown,  of  Richmond,  Mo., 
president  of  the  state  senate,  and  who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Spring- 
field, Mo.  This  marriage  was  blessed  with  two  children,  Lizzie  and 
Alice. 

O.  H.  P.  CATRON, 
P.  O.  Alma,  Mo.  Is  an  old  resident  of  this  county,  having  been  born  on 
the  soil.  His  father,  Stephen  Catron,  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  his 
mother  in  Kentucky,  they  came  to  this  county  in  1819,  settling  near  Tabo 
Grove,  then  moving  near  Lexington;  here  O.  H.  P;  was  born  in  1842,  and 
educated  at  the  Shelby  college.  In  the  war  he  joined  Gen.  Shelby's  com- 
mand, and  was  with  him  throughout  the  war.  After  the  war  he  came 
home  and  went  to  farming  until  1879,  when  he  went  to  merchandising. 
February,  1867,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Martha  E.  Goodwin,  daughter 
of  James  and  Evelyn  Goodwin,  of  this  county.  By  this  union  he  has  one 
child  living,  Lee.     He  is  a  Mason  of  the  Blue  Lodge. 

WATER  B.  HATFIELD, 
P  O  Alma,  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  this  county  in  April, 
1881 '  from  Pike  county,  Ills.  His  parents,  Oliver  B.  and  Mary  Hatfield, 
were  natives  of  Illinois.  He  was  born  April  1,  1858,  in  Morgan  county, 
Ills.,  was  raised  in  Springfield,  and  there  educated.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  began  teaching,  which  vocation  he  followed  until  1881,  when  he  moved 
to  this  county.  September  1,  1880,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret  M. 
Hunter,  of  Pittsfield,  Ills.     He  is  one  of  the  most  successful  teachers. 

E.  B.  STARKE, 

P  O  Alma  Mo.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Virginia. 
When  he  was  two  years  old  his  father  moved  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
this  county.  He  was  born  September  18,  1845.  His  education  was 
obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  Missouri.  He  has  always  been  a  far- 
mer In  October,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Hattie  A.  Switherman, 
of  this  county,  and  daughter  of  A.J.  Switherman,  and  Julia,  his  wife,  for- 
merly of  Virginia.  In  1864  he  enlisted  under  Gen.  Shelby  in  confederate 
service.     Is  now  mayor  of  Alma. 

H.  A.  WITHEE, 

postoffice,  Alma,  Mo.,  of  the  firm  of  Hatfield  &  Withee .druggists  Alma, 
Mo.  Was  born  in  Scott  county,  Ills.,  Feb.  18,  1852.  His  early  life  was 
spent  on  his  father's  farm;  his  education  obtained  in  the  Winchester  high 
school   and  in  the  State  Normal  University,  111.     For  twelve  years  he 


664  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

taught  in  the  public  schools,  and  a  good  deal  of  his  time  has  been  devoted 
to  writing  for  the  public  on  educational  subjects;  and  he  is  a  writer  of 
considerable  note.  Dec.  25,  1879,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Shep- 
herd, of  Ills.,  formerly  of  Va. 

JOHN  T.  GOODWIN, 

postoffice,  Alma,  Mo.  Was  born,  raised  and  educated  in  Virginia,  of 
which  state  both  his  father  and  mother,  James  and  Elizabeth  Goodwin, 
were  natives.  In  1839  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Missouri,  and  set- 
tled in  this  county.  When  grown,  he  took  a  trip  to  California,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  and  then  returned  home  to  this  county,  where  he  has 
a  fine  farm  of  320  acres,  especially  adapted  to  the  grain  and  stock  raising. 
Two  years  ago,  he  rented  his  farm  out,  moved  to  Alma  and  engaged  in 
general  merchandising.  In  Sept.  1859,  was  married  to  Miss  Amanda 
Goggins,  daughter  of  Christopher  and  Eliza  Goggins,  of  Ky.  Of  this 
union  there  are  five  living  children:  Lilly,  Eliza  M.,  Bettie,  James  and 
Daisy. 

DR.  J.  C.  PASLEY, 

postoffice,  Alma,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Ills.  His  father,  C. 
C.  Pasley,  was  from  Tennessee,  and  his  mother,  Nancy  E.  (Crawford), 
was  from  Kentucky.  His  mother  died  while  he  was  an  infant.  His  father 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Bellmont,  killed  by  a  train  of  cars  at  Spring- 
field, Ills.,  leaving  him  an  orphan  at  twelve  years  of  age.  He  found  a 
home  with  J.  B.  Thompson,  of  Morgan  county,  Ills.,  with  whom  he  lived 
until  he  entered  the  State  Normal  University,  at  Bloomington,  111.  Leav- 
ing college,  he  taught  school  for  five  years,  and  studied  medicine  as  he 
could  find  the  time,  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Rea.  In  1876,  he  entered  the  college 
of  physicians  and  surgeons,  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1878.  He  then  located  at  Alsey,  111.,  and  practiced  two  years.  By  the 
advice  of  friends  he  was  induced  to  locate  at  Alma,  in  this  county,  which 
he  did,  and  has  built  up  an  extensive  practice. 

ROBERT  W.  NEAL, 

postoffice,  Alma,  Mo.,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  W.  Davis  &  Co., 
dealers  in  general  merchandise  and  agricultural  implements.  He  is  a  Vir- 
ginian by  birth,  born  and  raised  in  Parkersburg;  born  Aug.  15, 1825.  His 
father,  James  Neal,  was,  during  his  early  life,  clerk  of  the  circuit  court, 
and  his  mother,  Mary  A.  Neal,  was  a  sister  of  Judge  Wills,  so  well  known 
in  Missouri.  They  were  both  natives  of  Virginia,  and  in  Virginia  were 
laid  to  their  eternal  rest.  In  1850,  he  came  to  this  county  and  clerked  for 
Taylor  and  Simpson,  at  Waverly,  for  two  years.  In  1858,  he  went  to 
California,  thence  to  Nevada,  and  from  there  to  Oregon,  being  absent 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  665 

eighteen  years.  In  1870,  he  sailed  to  South  America,  and  by  Cape  Horn, 
home.  May,  1877,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  C.  Lewis,  daughter  of 
Wetzell  Lewis,  formerly  of  Virginia. 

DR.  A.  L.  NORFLEET, 

P.  O.  Alma.  Was  born  in  Miller  county.  Mo.,  January  13,  1858,  where 
his  parents  resided  for  many  years.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  a  farm, 
and  his  education  obtained  in  this  county,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most  prom- 
ising young  men  in  Lafayette  county.  In  February,  1879,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  B.  Wood  of  Waverly.  His  whole  time 
and  attention  were  devoted  to  his  chosen  profession,  and  he  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1880-81  at  the  St.  Louis  medical  college.  May,  1881,  he 
located  at  Alma,  where  he  is  now  practicing. 

DANIEL  F.  JACKSON, 

Middleton  township.  Was  born  in  Rappahannock  county,  Va.,  January 
16,  1831,  where  he  spent  his  early  life  up  to  1857;  he  moved  to  Missouri 
in  the  fall  of  1857,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  First  Missouri  cavalry, 
under  Gen.  Shelby,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  took  part 
in  all  the  engagements  the  regiment  was  in,  and  was  at  the  surrender  at 
Shreveport.  He  was  married  April  15,  1853  to  Miss  Allie  Griffin,  a 
native  of  Virginia.  By  this  marriage  they  have  eight  children:  Daniel 
W.,  Frank,  Stonewall,  Richard,  Eugenia,  Joseph,  Robert,  and  Claud. 

JAMES  W.  GOODWIN, 

Middleton  township.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Rap- 
pahannock county,  Va.,  February  1,  1834,  and  came  with  his  father, 
James  Goodwin,  to  Marion  county,  this  state,  in  1839,  where  he  lived  until 
the  fall  of  1847,  when  he  came  to  Lafayette,  where  he  has  since  remained, 
and  is  one  of  the  largest  land  owners  in  the  county,  having  some  1,600 
acres  of  the  finest  land.  He  was  married  December  6,  1857,  to  Lucy  A. 
Corder,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  a  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  Corder, 
who  came  to  this  county  in  1840.  By  this  marriage  they  have  four  chil- 
dren: John  G.,  Minnie,  Sallie  E.,  and  Fannie;  the  two  oldest  are  married. 
Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

JAMES  A.  JACKSON, 

was  born  in  East  Va.,  January  11,  1829,  where  he  spent  his  early  life, 
until  he  was  twenty  years  old,  when  he  moved  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
this  county,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  engaged  in  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock;  and  now  owns  400  acres  of  land.  He  was  married  Nov.  20, 
1855,  to  Eliza  A.  Corder,  a  native  of  Va.     By  this  marriage  they  have 


666  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

seven  children,  John  H.,  Sarah  E.,  Daniel  G.,  Elizabeth,  James,  Victoria 
and  Thomas.  Mr.  Jackson  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  as  is 
also  Mrs.  Jackson.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  and  most  prosperous  farmers 
in  the  county. 

W.  H.  PRIGMORE. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  17th  century  there  came  from  France  to  the 
United  States,  a  father  and  three  sons,  who  were  banished  for  not  embrac- 
ing the  Catholic  religion,  the  faith  of  that  country,  and  effects  would  have 
been  confiscated  but  for  a  thoughtful  strategy  by  which  he  managed  to 
bring  most  of  his  property  with  him.  The  names  of  the  three  sons  were: 
Theodore,  Joseph  and  Daniel.  At  the  time  of  the  war  of  the  revolution 
in  17J6,  in  the  wilds  of  Pennsylvania,  were  built  forts  at  different  points, 
where  men  were  posted.  One  of  these  was  at  the  house  of  Joseph  Prigmore, 
where  it  remained  during  the  seven  years  of  bloodshed.  He  soon  after 
moved  to  Tennessee  and  raised  a  family  of  five  boys  and  seven  girls. 
The  third  child  Benjamin  moved  to  Missouri,  in  1818,  and  raised  a  family 
of  ten  children.  The  youngest  now  living  in  Davis  township,  this  county, 
being  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  biography,  W.  H.,  who  was  born 
Aug.  23,  1857,  and  was  married  June  15,  1879,  to  Miss  Fannie  Clay, 
daughter  of  James  and  Mary  Clay.  Her  mother  dying  Oct.  23,  1877. 
Mr.  Prigmore  now  owns  80  acres  of  land,  and  is  engaged  in  farming  and 
raising  stock.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church. 

GRIMES   H.  DRYDEN, 

was  born  in  Marion  county,  Ind.,  Jan.  26,  1841,  and  came  to  Missouri  the 
fall  of  1846,  and  settled  in  Holt  county  Mo.,  and  in  1848,  moved  to  Atchi- 
son county,  where  he  lived  until  the  fall  of  1865,  when  he  came  to  Lafay- 
ette where  he  has  since  resided,  and  now  owns  one  hundred  acres  of  land- 
He  was  married  April  21,  1867,  to  Eliza  Ramey,  her  parents  being 
early  settlers  of  this  county.  By  this  marriage  they  have  two  children: 
Frank  M.  and  John  H.  Mr.  Dryden  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, also  of  the  Christian  church.  He  enlisted  the  September  of  1861, 
in  Co.  B.,  5th  regiment  under  Col.  Launders,  and  took  a  part  in  a  number 
of  engagements,  and  served  until  Feb.  1863,  when  he  was  discharged, 
and  soon  after  taken  prisoner  and  retained  for  two  months,  when  he  was 
exchanged. 

SAMUEL  P.  BASCOM. 

S.  P.  Bascom  was  born  in  Brown  county  Ohio,  Aug.  35,  1827.  At  the 
age  of  seven  he  moved  with  his  mother  to  Ky.,  his  father  having  died 
when  he  was  about  six  years  old.  Remaining  there  until  he  was  about 
twenty-three,  he  then  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  667 

where  he  has  since  remained.  He  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 
four  years  in  Aullville,  and  in  1860  he  was  elected  county  assessor,  and 
during  the  war  was  in  the  confederate  army  six  months,  in  Col.  Hiram 
Bledsoe's  regiment.  He  then  returned  to  the  county,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  farming,  buying  and  shipping  cattle.  He  owns  80  acres  of 
land,  and  cultivates  300  acres.  He  was  married  Dec.  17,  1851,  to  Lettia 
Dinwiddie.  By  this  marriage  they  have  the  following  children :  Walker, 
now  attending  law  school  at  Columbia,  Cassie,  Belle,  Jennie,  Frank,  Sam- 
uel and  Charles.  Mr.  Bascom  is  a  half  brother  of  Bishop  Bascom  of  M. 
E.  church  south . 

D.  J.  WATERS, 

was  born  in  Fauquier  county  Va.,  Dec.  4,  1832.  He  is  a  son  of  James 
G.  Waters,  also  of  Va.,  who  died  Feb.  4,  1842,  at  the  age  of  36.  He 
spent  his  early  life  in  his  native  state,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  moved 
to  Missouri  with  his  mother  Emily  Waters  and  brother  Areopagus  J.  and 
sister  Mary  Penelope,  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  now 
resides,  and  is  the  owner  of  500  acres  of  land  dealing  extensively  in  stock, 
making  a  specialty  of  fine  sheep  and  hogs.  He  was  married  July  12, 
1866,  to  Mary  A.  Thompson,  who  was  born  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.,  near 
Manassas  Gap,  Sept.,  2,  1842.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Land  Thompson 
still  living  in  Va.,  and  Elizabeth  who  died  at  Woodlawn  Va.  Sept.  11, 
1876,  in  the  63d  year  of  her  age.  By  this  marriage  they  have  five  chil- 
dren: Mary  E.,  born  July  4,  1868;  Lizzie  D.,  born  March  7,  1870;  John 
E.,  born  Feb.  7, 1872;  Fannie  Lee,  born  June  10,  1876;  D.  J.,  born  June  30, 
1880 ;  and  three  deceased.  Mr.  Waters  is  a  Master  Mason  member  of 
Waverly  lodge,  No.  61,  also  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  and 
has  held  office  in  the  latter  lodge  since  he  first  united,  and  is  now  their 
lecturer.  Mrs.  Waters  is  also  a  matron  in  the  lodge ;  they  are  both  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  church  south. 

ROBERT  P.  METCALF. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Fleming  county,  Ky.,  May  4th, 
1832,  where  he  spent  his  early  life.  In  1857  he  settled  in  Missouri,  How- 
ard county,  where  he  remained  one  year  and  then  moved  to  Pettis  county, 
remaining  there  eight  years;  he  then  returned  to  Kentucky,  staying  there 
one  year;  he  then  returned  to  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  lived, 
and  now  owns  240  acres  of  fine  land.  He  was  married  November  20th, 
1866,  to  Miss  Lizzie  Catron;  by  this  marriage  they  have  four  children: 
Carrie  C,  John  P.,  Robert.  F.  and  Christopher  C.  Mr.  Metcalf  is  one  of 
the  most  enterprising  farmers  in  this  part  of  the  county;  himself  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Old  School  Presbyterian  Church. 


668  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

B.  VANARSDALL, 

was  born  in  Boyle  county,  Kentucky,  August  15th,  1833.  He  spent  his 
early  life  in  his  native  state  until  he  was  twenty  years  old;  in  1856  he 
came  to  Missouri,  and  first  settled  in  Howard  county,  where  he  remained 
about  one  year;  from  there  he  moved  to  Saline,  and  soon  after  to  Lafay- 
ette, and  subsequently  returned  to  Saline,  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  of  1876,  when  he  returned  to  this  county,  and  now  owns  290  acres 
of  land,  and  follows  farming  and  stock  raising.  In  1856  he  married  Miss 
Sallie  Houchins,  a  native  of  Kentucky;  they  have  eight  children:  Mollie  J., 
John  W.,  Sallie  A.,  Thomas  J.,  Minnie,  Whitford  B.,  William  E.  and 
Tilda.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vanarsdall  are  members  of  the  Christian  church. 

CAPT.  SAM  F.  TAYLOR, 

deceased,  was  born  in  Clark  county,  Ky.,  October  8th,  1821,  where  he 
spent  his  early  life,  and  was  deputy  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  under  his 
father;  he  then  succeeded  his  father  to  the  office,  a  position  he  held  for 
some  eight  years.  He  was  married  September  14th,  1843,  to  Miss  Fan- 
nie Simpson,  a  daughter  of  Judge  Simpson,  of  Clark  county.  Mr.  Taylor 
continued  in  office  until  1848,  when  he  resigned,  and  in  the  fall  of  1849  he, 
with  his  wife  and  three  children  moved  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Lafay- 
ette county,  where  he,  in  partnership  with  his  brother-in-law,  R.  C.  Simp- 
son, entered  a  large  tract  of  land  and  engaged  in  raising  hemp.  In  1858 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  filled  that  position  with  credit  for  two 
years.  In  the  fall  of  1860  he  was  elected  county  judge;  in  the  fall  of  '61, 
after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he  raised  a  company  and  joined  Gen.  Price's 
command  and  served  as  captain  until  the  battle  of  Corinth,  Mississippi, 
when  he  was  killed,  being  shot  through  the  heart  while  storming  the 
enemy's  breastworks.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  owned  about  1800 
acres  of  land,  which  he  leit  his  widow  and  six  children :  Mary,  now  Mrs. 
W.  D.  Lewis,  living  in  Kansas  City;  Samuel  F.,  now  in  Idaho;  Isaac  P., 
Lizzie  B.,  now  Mrs.  Yantis,  in  Saline  county;  Edward  G.,  now  practicing 
law  in  Kansas  City,  and  John  M.,  now  attending  the  State  University. 
Mrs.  Taylor  was  again  married  February  27th,  1867,  to  W.  W.  Battaile, 
a  native  of  Virginia,  who  came  to  this  county  in  1842,  and  is  now  living 
in  Middleton  township,  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  making 
a  specialty  of  sheep  raising. 

MENOAH  BEAMER, 

was  born  in  Grayson  county,  Va.,  June  7th,  1818,  where  he  spent  his 
early  life  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  old;  he  then  moved  to  Missouri 
in  1839,  and  first  settled  in  Caldwell  county ;  returning  to  Virginia  in  1840 
he  remained  one  year,  when  he  returned  to  Lafayette  county;  in  1849  he 
went  to  California  and  remained  two  years.     At  the  breaking  out  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  669 

war  he  enlisted  in  August,  '61,  in  Capt.  Taylor's  company  and  served 
about  one  year;  he  then  got  transferred  in  1862  to  King's  battery,  and 
served  about  one  year  in  that.  He  now  owns  about  eleven  hundred  acres 
of  land,  making  a  specialty  of  breeding  fine  trotting  stock.  During  the 
fall  of  '81  he  took  about  $,1800  in  premiums  on  horses  alone  at  the  county 
fairs,  showing  nine  horses;  he  also  breeds  fine-blooded  stock,  having  a  fine 
herd  of  short-horns.  He  was  married  March  28th,  1843,  to  Miss  Mary 
Owens,  a  daughter  of  Robert  Owens,  of  Saline  county;  she  dying  Nov. 
24th,  18T3,  leaving  seven  children,  he  was  again  married  December  18th, 
1874,  to  Miss  S.  L.  Heutcherson,  a  native  of  Va.;  by  this  marriage  they 
have  three  children:  Paschal,  Samuel  C.  and  Hattie  I. 

S.  G.  SMITHERMAN, 

was  born  in  West  Virginia,  August  21,  1848.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he 
came  to  Missouri  with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  this  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  and  been  engaged  in  farming,  and  is  now  owner  of  a 
coal  mine,  which  he  is  working.  He  owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
of  land.  Was  married  August  15,  1869,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Hackley,  a 
native  of  this  county.  By  this  marriage  they  have  seven  children:  Mabel 
L.,  Mary  M.,  Floyd  J.,  Earl  H.,  William  A.,  John  S.,  and  Frederick  M. 
Mr.  Smitherman  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  Mrs.  S.  of  the 
Christian  church. 

THOMAS  R.  JAMES, 

deceased,  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  November  6,  1818.  He 
was  a  son  of  Berryman  and  Mary  James.  His  parents  moved  to  Clay 
county,  Indiana,  when  he  was  about  five  years  old,  where  he  remained 
until  1838,  he  then,  with  his  brother,  J.  M.,  emigrated  to  the  territory  of 
Iowa.  From  there  he  came  to  Missouri,  in  1840,  and  first  settled  in  Lex- 
ington, where  he  lived  four  years,  being  married,  October  3,  1813,  to 
Miss  M.  H.  Wallace.  In  1844  he  moved  to  Henry  county,  where  he 
resided  six  years.  He  then  returned  to  Waverly,  this  county,  where  he 
lived  until  his  death,  April  17, 1880.  In  early  life  he  learned  the  carpenter 
trade,  which  he  followed  a  number  of  years.  Duuring  the  war  he  had 
charge  of  the  ware-houses  in  Waverly.  In  1844  he  joined  the  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian  Church,  and  was  a  devout  Christian  and  an  active  tem- 
perance worker,  having  signed  the  pledge  in  1839,  and  kept  it  faithfully. 
He  was  the  father  of  eight  children,  four  sons  and  four  daughters,  six  of 
whom  are  now  living:  Frank,  now  in  Colorado;  Rovelah,  now  Mrs. 
Ledford,  living  in  Waverly;  Mary  Wallace,  George  W.,  Elizabeth  C, 
and  Susie  A.  The  oldest  child,  Russell,  was  killed  on  a  scout,  near  Mt. 
Vernon,  Missouri,  October  2,  1862.     W.  C,  the  third  child,  was  killed  at 

DD 


670  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Fayettesville,  Arkansas,  June  2,  1866.  He  was  generally  known  as  Babe 
Anderson  during  the  war,  as  he  was  a  mere  boy,  and  always  by  the  side 
of  Bill  Anderson. 

HENRY  S.  VANANGLER, 

P.  O.  Waverly,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  the  city  of  New  Brunswick,  New 
Jersey,  October  16,  1819.  His  father,  Cornelius  Vanangler,  was  of  Hol- 
land descent— his  fathers  being  among  the  early  settlers  of  New  York, 
over  two  hundred  years  ago.  His  father  moved  to  New  Brunswick  in 
the  year  1799.  People  then  had,  in  accordance  with  the  ordinance,  make 
oath  to  obtain  the  rights  of  citizenship.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  lost  his 
father  when  only  three  years  old,  and  moved  with  his  mother  to  Kentucky, 
in  1826.  In  1835  he  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  store.  In  1840  he  came  to 
Missouri,  and  taught  school  for  several  years,  and  then  went  into  the 
mercantile  business  in  Waverly  and  in  Dover,  in  this  county,  in  which  he 
was  very  successful,  until  the  war  began.  He  closed  his  business,  but  did 
not  enter  either  army.  Since  the  war,  he  has  followed  farming— dealing 
largely  in  fruit,  and  in  bees.  He  has  forty  acres  in  orchard,  and  over  one 
hundred  stands  of  bees — shipping  several  tons  of  honey  annually.  He  has  a 
model  farm  of  400  acres  of  land,  and  is  a  model  farmer,  possessing  the 
confidence  of  his  neighbors.  In  the  fall  of  1876  he  was  elected  to  the  leg- 
islature, and  served  one  term,  He  is  the  author  of  many  poems,  evincing 
much  literary  taste  and  ability.     He  has  never  married. 

JAMES  YOUNGER, 

deceased.  Was  born  in  Logan  county,  Kentucky,  Oct.  6,  1833.  His 
father,  Wm.  C.  Younger,  was  also  a  native  of  Kentucky.  He  lived  in 
his  native  county  until  ten  years  old,  when  he  went  to  Simpson  county, 
Ky.,  and  lived  with  John  Ennis  until  he  was  eighteen — his  parents  both 
dying  while  he  was  very  young.  He  then  went  to  Warren  county,  Ky., 
where  he  married,  Dec.  29, 1853,  Miss  Louisa  A.  Phelps,  of  Warren  county, 
Ky.  He  lived  in  Warren  county  about  four  years,  and  then,  in  1857, 
came  to  this  county  and  settled  at  Waverly  for  some  years.  He  then 
purchased  a  farm  and  went  to  farming  in  Middleton  township.  He  did 
not  join  either  army  in  the  war,  and  had  accumulated  quite  a  handsome 
property  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  took  place  July  6,  1881.  He  left 
a  widow  and  the  following  children,  living:  Annie  Belle,  now  Mrs.  Edward 
Downs;  Betty  J.,  now  Mrs.  John  Thornton;  Charles  H.,  Josephine,  Geor- 
gia, James  C.  and  Sallie  Frances.  Mr.  Younger  was  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  as  is  also  his  widow.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Grange 
and  was  one  of  the  best  farmers  in  this  section. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  671 

THOMAS  A.  CATRON, 

P.  O.  Waverly,  Mo.  Was  born  in  this  county,  Oct.  27,  1847,  and  is  son 
of  Stephen  and  Elizabeth  Catron,  who  are  natives  of  Kentucky,  and  who 
came  to  this  state  in  1820,  settling  first  near  Glasgow,  and  then  in  1822 
near  Lexington,  in  this  county.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  raised  on 
a  farm  and  has  followed  that  occupation  all  his  life.  He  has  now  250 
acres  of  well  stocked  and  well  improved  land  and  is -one  of  the  most 
influential  farmers  in  that  vicinity.  He  was  married  Dec.  27,  1871,  to 
Miss  Leu  Callaway,  daughter  of  James  and  Minerva  Callaway,  of  Cass 
county,  Mo.  By  this  union  he  has  three  children :  May,  Eddie  and  Mattie 
L.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church  South,  and  also  of  the  Masonic 
Lodge  at  Waverly. 

JAMES  F.  LARKIN, 

P.  O.  Waverly,  Mo.  Was  born  in  County  Galway,  Ireland,  April,  1812, 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1836  and  spent  nine  years  traveling  over  the  States.  He  was  married  in 
Page  county,  Va.,  June  3d,  1845,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Poisal.  Her  grand- 
father served  seven  years  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  In  1853  he  moved 
to  Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  where  he  has  since  lived,  and  now 
owns  440  acres  of  land  and  devotes  his  attention  to  farming  and  raising 
stock.  He  has  ten  children:  Thomas  S.,  John  F.,  Edward  K.,  James  F., 
Annie,  now  Mrs.  W.  T.  Maddox,  of  Corder;  Michael,  Francis  P.,  Patrick 
Henry,  Joseph  and  Peter.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church.  He 
took  no  active  part  in  the  war;  called  himself  a  Union  man,  but  was  not 
molested  by  anybody. 

J.  POLK  CORDER, 

postoffice  Alma,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Rappahanock  Co.,  Va.,  April  1,  1843. 
His  father,  Elias  Corder,  and  his  mother,  Sarah  (Jeffries)  Corder,  were 
also  natives  of  Virginia,  his  father  holding  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  died  in  1879.  His  mother  still  lives  in  Virginia. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native  county, 
and  lived  there  until  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Two  days  after  the  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run  he  enlisted  in  Co.  G,  49th  Va.  Inft,  and  served  under 
Gen.  Lee  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Seven  Pines, 
Fair  Oaks — where  he  was  wounded  and  captured  and  was  in  prison  four 
months  at  Fort  Delaware;  was  then  exchanged,  and  was  in  the  battles  of 
Fredericksburg,  Wilderness,  Gettysburg,  Cold  Harbor — where  he  was 
again  wounded  in  the  leg  and  arm  both.  When  able  for  duty  he  again 
joined  his  regiment,  and  was  at  the  seige  of  Petersburg,  and  was  with 
Gen.  Early's  brigade  at  the  time  of  the  surrender  at  Appomattox.    After 


672  HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

the  war  he  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  where  he  now 
lives,  owning  460  acres  of  land.  He  was  married  April  17,  1870,  to  Miss 
Sarah  F.  Corder,  daughter  of  John  Corder,  a  native  of  Virginia,  who 
came  to  this  county  in  1838.  They  have  three  children — Willie  J.,  Mary 
L.  and  Blanche. 

CHARLES  J.  LEWIS, 

P.  O.  Alma,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Wood  county,  Va.,  June  25,  1834,  and  is 
the  son  of  George  B.  Lewis,  a  native  of  Loudon  county,  Va.,  and  for 
several  years  sheriff  of  Wood  county,  Va.  He  moved  to  this  county  in 
1850,  settled  in  Middleton  township,  and  for  some  years  was  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  County  Court.  He  died  Oct.  26,  1864.  Charles  was  raised 
on  his  father's  farm.  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  "  B  "  1st  Mo.  Cav., 
under  Gen.  Shelby,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war.  He  was  wounded 
at  Westport.  After  the  war  he  came  home  and  turned  his  whole  atten- 
tion to  farming,  and  now  has  430  acres  of  land.  He  was  married  Nov. 
28, 1872,  to  Miss  Lillian  H.  Lake,  daughter  of  Thomas  M.  and  Almira 
H.  Lake,  of  Fauquier  county,  Va.,  and  by  this  union  has  three  children: 
Charles  M.,  George  V.  and  Leon  H.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Grange. 

COL.  JOHN  DONALDSON, 

postoffice  Waverly,  Mo.  Was  born  in  Newry,  County  Down,  Ireland 
Oct.  17,  1822.  His  father  was  also  John  Donaldson.  He  was  raised  and 
educated  in  his  native  county  and  lived  there  until  twenty-four  years  old, 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business.  In  1846  he  came  to  this  country  and 
lived  in  Tennessee  for  some  time.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  in  Lexington.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  one  of  the 
first  companies  of  the  state  guard,  and  remained  in  the  confederate  army 
to  the  end.  He  was  married  July  30,  1857,  to  Miss  Bettie  M.  Webb, 
daughter  of  Capt.  John  Webb,  of  this  county.  She  died  March  8,  1878, 
leaving  two  children — Pinkie,  now  Mrs.  McGrew,  of  St.  Louis,  and  Willie 
W.     He  has  a  magnificent  farm  of  1,000  acres  near  Waverly. 

CHRISTOPHER  C.  CATRON, 

postoffice  Waverly,  Mo.  Was  born  near  Lexington,  in  this  county,  June 
30,  1837.  His  father,  Stephen  Catron,  came  to  Missouri  in  1820,  and  set- 
tled in  this  county  in  1822,  and  married  Elizabeth  Smith,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. They  had  six  children,  five  boys  and  one  girl,  of  whom  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  the  second  son.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in  this 
county.  At  the  age  of  twenty  years  he  went  to  Kansas,  and  engaged  in 
merchandising  for  several  years.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  1st  Mo.  Cav. 
under  Gen.  Shelby,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war,  surrendering  in  the 
last  organized  confederate  command.      After  the  war  he  reterned  home, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  673 

and  turned  his  attention  to  farming,  which  he  has  followed  ever  since.  He 
has  now  a  splendid  farm  of  340  acres.  He  was  married  Nov.  6,  1860,  to 
Miss  Eliza  E.  Shroyer,  daughter  of  Wm.  W.  and  Jane  V.  Shroyer,  of 
this  county,  natives  of  Kentucky.  By  this  union  he  has  three  children — 
Lucy  M.,  Fannie  E.  and  Jessie.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Waverly  lodge 
of  Masons,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Grange,  and  master  of  the  county 
Grange. 


SNIABAR  TOWNSHIP. 

JAMES  F.  WOOD, 

physician  and  surgeon,  P.  O.  Odessa.  The  doctor  was  born  and  bred  in 
this  state  and  county.  Was  educated  in  St.  Louis;  graduating  from  the 
St.  Louis  medical  college  in  1878.  He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  at 
Pink  Hill,  Jackson  county,  and  in  1879  came  to  Odessa,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice.  The  doctor  is  genial  in 
disposition,  affable  in  manners  and  skilled  in  his  profession,  qualities  which 
are  sure  to  win  for  him  an  exalted  place  in  the  medical  fraternity.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  also  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  South. 

AYRES  C.  M.  BIRD, 

sewing  machine  dealer,  Odessa.  Our  subject  was  born  in  this  state  and 
county  in  1845;  lived  on  a  farm  until  1873  when  he  commenced  handling 
sewing  machines.  In  1864,  October,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service, 
Col.  Gordon's  regiment.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Westport  and 
other  skirmishes.  Was  paroled  at  Alexandria,  in  June,  1865.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  his  mother  of  Maryland.  They  moved  to 
this  county  in  1835.  October  9,  1870,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Linda  E. 
Baxter,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  three  children:  Covington  M., 
Leslie  H.,  Katie  A.  In  1879  he  came  to  Odessa,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  engaged  in  handling  machines,  and  doing  a  good  business. 

M.  C.  RYLAND, 

livery,  sale  and  feed  stable,  P.  O.  Odessa;  son  of  John  F.  and  Gabriella 
Ryland,  was  born  in  this  state  and  county,  in  1847.  The  greater  part  of 
his  life  was  spent  in  farming.  During  the  past  six  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  grain  business,  in  connection  with  his  other  occupation.  In 
1867  he  married  Miss  Virginia  Beall,  of  Lafayette  county.  They  have 
three  children:  Elizabeth,  Bell,  and  John  Samuel.  In  1878  Mr.  Ryland 
came  to  Odessa  and  embarked  in  the  livery  business,  which  has  occupied 
his  attention  the  greater  part  of  the  time  since.  In  1879  he  was  elected 
city  assessor,  which  office  he  filled  acceptably  to  all  concerned.     Mr.  R. 


674  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

has  been  identified  with  the  interests  of  the  county  from  his  birth  and  has 
watched  the  development  of  her  abundant  resources  with  a  great  deal  of 
pleasure,  contributing  largely  to  the  same. 

HENRY  BROWN, 

butcher,  P.  O.  Odessa;  is  an  Englishman  by  birth,  a  native  of  Bedford- 
shire. His  earl)'  life  was  passed  in  England,  engaged  in  the  grain  busi- 
ness. In  1871  he  came  to  the  U.  S.  and  settled  in  Mississippi,  where  he 
remained  for  two  years.  He  then  came  to  Missouri  and  located  in  John- 
son county,  where  he  lived  until  1879,  when  he  moved  to  this  county  and 
engaged  in  butchering  at  Odessa.  He  has  a  good  trade.  In  1868  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Ellis,  of  Uxbridge,  England.  They 
have  three  children:  Bessie,  Florence,  and  Henry. 

DR.  O.  BEARDSLEE, 

druggist,  Odessa  post  office.  The  doctor  is  a  native  of  Virginia.  At  an 
early  age  he  went  with  his  parents  to  New  York,  where  he  was  reared 
and  educated,  graduating  with  honor  from  the  medical  college  at  Geneva, 
New  York.  Having  complete  faith  in  the  then  unexpressed  injunction  of 
that  veteran  journalist,  Horace  Greeley,  of  "  Go  west,  young  man, "  in 
1847  he  turned  his  face  towards  the  setting  sun.  For  several  years  he 
turned  his  attention  principally  to  railroading.  In  1878  he  moved  to 
Odessa  and  engaged  in  the  drug  business.  By  industry  and  close  attention 
to  the  wants  of  his  customers  he  has  succeeded  in  establishing  himself  in 
a  good  business.  In  1879  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Rachel  R. 
Beard,  daughter  of  Samuel  Beard,  of  this  county.  Mr.  Beardslee  is  a 
member  in  good  standing  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

WM.  F.  McKINNEY, 

retired  druggist,  Odessa.  Was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Kentucky,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1833.  In  the  spring  of  1849  he  came  with  his  parents  to 
Andrew  county,  of  this  state,  where  he  remained  until  October,  1857, 
when  he  went  to  Bolivar,  Polk  county,  and  engaged  in  the  drug  business. 
In  June,  of  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  19th  Louisiana  infantry,  of  which  he 
was  shortly  afterward  appointed  druggist,  and  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  the  fall  of  1866,  he  settled  in  Clay  county, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  and  in  teaching.  In  October, 
1878,  he  moved  to  Odessa,  resumed  the  sale  of  drugs  and  in  the  following 
year  sold  out  his  entire  stock  and  retired  from  business.  On  the  13th  of 
December,  1868,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  S.  E.  Rupe,  by  whom 
he  has  two  children:  Mary  A.  and  Phoebe.  Mr.  McKinney  is  a  member 
in  good  standing  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  an  active  and  consistent 
member  of  the  Christian  church.     Although  his  citizenship  of  this  county 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  675 

is  of  recent  date,  his  enterprise  and  intelligence  have  very  closely  allied 
him  with  its  interests. 

JOSEPH  A.  RYLAND, 

blaeksmith,  Odessa.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Lafayette 
county,  Mo.,  April  19,  1856.  He  is  the  son  of  John  F.  and  Gabrielle  Ry- 
land.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  learned  the  blacksmith  trade  at  Lexing- 
ton, this  county,  which  occupation  he  has  since  followed  with  but  slight 
intermissions.  He  was  married  in  October  1876  to  Miss  Rebecca  Beall,  a 
native  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  two  children,  Samuel  C.  and  Mary 
Bell.  In  the  fall  of  1879  Mr.  Ryland  moved  to  Odessa  and  engaged  in 
his  trade.  In  March,  1881,  he  entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Bum- 
garner,  the  firm  being  styled  Bumgarner  &  Ryland.  Mr.  R.  is  a  man  of 
energy  and  enterprise,  skilled  in  his  occupation,  and  not  only  possesses  the 
confidence  of  his  neighbors,  but  their  patronage  as  well. 

GEORGE  L.  TOWNSEND, 

furniture-dealer,  Odessa,  is  a  native  of  New  York,  born  in  Washington 
county,  June  11,  1848.  Was  raised  and  educated  in  his  native  state,  and 
at  the  age  of  eighteen  learned  the  carpennter's  trade,  which  he  followed 
until  1868  when  he  went  to  Kansas  and  engaged  in  railoading.  He  fol- 
lowed this  occupation  for  eight  years  in  Kansas  and  fwo  years  in  Sedalia, 
this  state.  December  24,  1874,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lizzie  Cryder- 
man,  of  Solomon  City,  Kansas.  They  have  two  children:  Bertha  and 
Roy.  March  4,  1879,  he  moved  to  Odessa,  where  he  has  since  resided 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business,  in  the  pursuit  of  which  he  has  a  full 
share  of  patronage.     He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

ROBERT  T.  RUSSELL, 

farmer,  Odessa.  The  subject  of  the  following  is  a  Kentuckian,  born  in 
Bourbon  county,  in  1830.  In  1836  the  family  moved  to  Callaway  county, 
this  state,  where  his  father  died  in  1840.  What  was  left  of  the  family 
then  returned  to  Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  went  to  Cal- 
ifornia, where  he  married  in  May,  1856,  Mrs.  Rebecca  Cox.  In  1859  he 
returned  to  Davis  county,  Missouri,  where  he  engaged  in  farming.  In 
1865  he  moved  to  Covington,  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  for  a  short 
time  engaged  in  merchandising.  In  the  same  year  he  came  to  this  county 
and  purchased  land,  upon  a  portion  of  which  Odessa  now  stands.  Mr. 
Russell  is  a  public  spirited,  influential  citizen  and  has  contributed  largely 
in  various  ways,  towards  the  growth  and  welfare  of  Odessa.  He  is  a 
member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Has  served  for  a  number  of  years  as  master 
of  the  lodge  at  Odessa.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
■church,  south,  of  which  he  is  steward. 


676  HISTORY    OF"    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

S.  T.  CORBITT, 

furniture  and  undertaking,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Was  born  October  18,  1848, 
in  Wood  county,  West  Virginia.  Came  to  Missouri  in  1871,  settled  in 
Lafayette  county,  and  engaged  in  the  occupation  of  contractor  and 
builder,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mt.  Hope.  October  19,  1876,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Cena  McBurney,  of  this  county.  They  have  one  child,  Mary 
Myrtle.  In  the  spring  of  1879  he  moved  to  Odessa,  where  he  contracted 
for  and  built  the  first  hotel  in  the  place.  Mr.  Corbitt  is  a  worthy  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  a  ruling  elder  of  the  same.  He  is  a  man 
of  genius  and  enterprise;  whole  souled  and  wide  awake.  Has  an  excel- 
lent trade  since  engaging  in  his  present  "  undertaking." 

EDWARD  D.  RAWLINGS, 

mayor  of  Odessa;  postoffice,  Odessa;  son  of  Jonathan  and  Nancy  Row- 
lings; born  April  6,  1823,  in  Mason  county,  Ky.  In  March  of  1843,  he 
came  to  this  state  and  settled  in  Johnson  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
farming,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  spent  in  the  army,  until  April, 
1879,  when  he  moved  to  Odessa.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Odessa,  and  in  April  of  1881,  was  re-elected,  which  fact 
is,  of  itself,  a  sufficient  testimony  of  his  ability  to  administer  the  affairs  of 
the  corporation.  In  1844,  he  was  married  to  Miss  L.  A.  Bateman,  of 
Fleming  county,  Ky.,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  all  of  whom  are 
living.  His  wife  died,  January  2,  1880.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  con- 
federate service,  Col.  CockrelPs  regiment.  Participated  in  the  battles  of 
Lexington,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lone  Jack,  and  several  other  skirmishes.  He 
entered  the  service  with  the  commission  of  1st  lieutenant;  was  shortly 
afterwards  elected  captain  of  the  company.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Lexington  and  parolled,  after  being  held  in  durance  for  five  months.  Mr. 
R.  in  his  religious  views,  conforms  to  the  creed  of  the  M.  E.  church,  south, 
of  which  he  is  an  honored  member.  Is  a  genial,  large  hearted  man,  to 
whom  a  worthy  appeal  for  charity  is  never  made  in  vain. 

W.  T.  ANDERSON, 

livery  and  sale  stable,  postoffice,  Odessa;  son  of  J.  E.  and  Elizabeth  Ander- 
son, was  born  in  Campbell  county,  Va.,  July  28, 1831.  Came  to  Missouri 
with  his  father  in  1837,  his  mother  having  died  at  the  home  place.  The 
greater  part  of  his  early  life  was  passed  on  a  farm.  .  In  1853,  April  28th, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Anna  Lee,  of  this  county.  Their  union 
is  blessed  with  five  children:  Mrs.  P.  M.  Armstrong,  Anna,  Katie,  Nellie 
and  Jennie.  In  1874,  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  of  Sniabar  town- 
ship, and  re-elected  in  1878,  showing  conclusively  the  estimation  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  with  reference  to  his  ability  to  administer  justice.     In  1879 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  677 

he  moved  to  Odessa,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  livery 
business.  He  has  established  a  reputation  of  square  and  honorable  deal- 
ing, and  enjoys  his  full  share  of  public  patronage.  Mr.  Anderson  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

W.  B.  ROBERTS, 

harness  and  saddlery;  postoffice,  Odessa.  Was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  moved  to  Tennessee,  w  ith  his  parents,  when  a  child.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  the  saddlery  business  since  1845.  In  1854,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  O.  C.  Keene,  of  Tenn.,  who  died  May  3,  1867,  leaving  him  with  one 
child:  Samuel  T.,  to  mourn  her  loss.  Mr.  R.  enlisted  in  the  confederate 
service  August,  1861,  in  the  28th  Tennessee  regiment.  Was  engaged  in 
the  following  battles:  Fishers  Creek,  Shiloh,  first  seige  of  Vicksburg, 
Baton  Rouge,  Murfreesborough,  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  Peach 
Tree;  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  Was  mustered  out  in  Macon, 
Georgia,  May  5,  1865.  In  1869,  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  spent  one  year 
in  Laclede  county  and  two  years  in  Johnson  county.  In  1872,  he  came  to 
this  county,  and  began  business  in  Mt.  Hope,  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  of  1S79,  when  he  moved  to  Odessa,  where  he  now  resides  in  the 
operation  of  quite  a  lucrative  business  in  his  line.  Owns  the  only  business 
house,  of  the  kind,  in  the  place.  Is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.;  also 
of  the  Missionary  Baptist  church. 

WM.  K.  McCHESNEY. 

Mr.  McChesney  is  a  native  of  Washington  county,  Virginia;  born  in 
1837,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  Came  to  Missouri  in  1859,  and 
settled  atMt.  Hope,  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising and  dealing  in  live  stock,  grain,  etc.  In  1878  he  went  to 
Odessa  and  opened  a  hotel,  which  he  is  operating  at  the  present  time, 
enjoying  a  liberal  share  of  the  public  patronage.  In  1859  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Fannie  Latham,  of  Virginia.  This  union  is  blessed  with  seven 
children.  During  the  war  Mr.  McChesney  served  for  three  months  in 
the  Missouri  State  Guards.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
O.  S.     Deals  quite  largely  in  real  estate.     Postoffice  is  Odessa. 

DAVID  M.  REED, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Missouri;  son  of  Charles  and  Margaret  Reed;  was  born 
June  24,  1816,  in  Grainger  county,  Tennessee,  and  moved  to  Missouri 
with  his  parents  in  the  spring  of  1839.  They  first  settled  near  Blue  Mills, 
in  Jackson  county,  and  from  there  moved  to  Cass  county,  and  then  to  this 
county  in  1843.  In  the  fall  of  1843  he  married  Miss  Eliza  Summers,  by 
whom  he  had  seven  children,  and  raised  six:  A.  V.  C.  H.,  Mary  M., 
Sidney  E.,  Daniel  C,  Caleb  S.     Mr.  Reed  married  again  to  M.  Cynthia 


678  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

Turner,  widow  of  C.  Turner  who  came  to  this  county  in  1866.  His 
sons  are  energetic,  thrifty  farmers,  and  all  settled  near  him. 

OLIVER  E.  GANN, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Missouri,  son  of  Issac  and  Anna  Gann,  nee  Clark,  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Tennessee,  was  born  in  1806,  and  moved  to  this  county  in 
1834.  In  1836  he  married  Miss  Susannah  Green,  also  a  native  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Tennessee.  He  has  had  eleven  children,  of  whom  seven 
are  now  living:  Mary  J.,  Elbert  S.,  Amanda,  Caroline,  Oliver,  Sally  and 
Harriet. 

JOHN  W.  BLEDSOE, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Missouri;  son  of  George  and  Martha  Ann  Bledsoe,  nee 
Lauderdale,  both  natives  of  Tennessee,  was  born  in  1838,  and  came  with 
his  parents  to  this  county  in  1839.  He  married  Miss  Susan  Ann  Kelley, 
daughter  of  John  Kelley  of  Cooper  county,  who  came  to  this  state  from 
Alabama.  He  has  five  children:  George  W.,  Jane  J.,  Corah  H.,  Katie  I., 
and  John  Early.  He  served  under  Shelby  during  the  war,  and  partic- 
ipated in  most  of  the  battles  in  which  Shelby  was  engaged. 

R.  P.  TABB, 

P.  O.  Chapel  Hill,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  Berkley  county,  Virginia  in  1839. 
In  1869  was  married  to  Miss  Vandiver,  of  Hampshire,  now  Mineral 
county,  Virginia,  and  in  the  spring  of  1879  moved  to  this  county,  pur- 
chasing the  farm  of  Joyner.  He  has  always  been  a  farmer  and  a  stock 
raiser.  He  has  five  children:  Ella  May,  George  B.,  Fanny  P.,  Annie  S., 
and  Charles  A.  Mr.  Tabb  was  educated  in  Huntsville,  Virginia,  and  in 
Romney,  Virginia.  He  served  during  the  war  in  McNeill's  battalion  of 
Partizan  Rangers. 

G.  B.  SATTERFIELD, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Missouri.  Was  born  in  1825  in  Sumner  county,  Tennessee. 
In  1838  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  this  county.  His  father  was  James 
Satterfield,  and  his  mother's  name  was  Frances  Day — both  of  them  were 
natives  of  North  Carolina.  In  February,  1857,  he  married  Nancy  Joyce,  of 
Patrick  county,  Virginia,  by  whom  he  has  five  children:  Sarah,  Virginia 
F.,  J.  Alexander,  Mollie,  and  Jessie.  Mr.  Satterfield  is  a  surveyor  and 
farmer,  and  was  educated  at  Chapel  Hill,  in  this  county. 

T.  G.  WILKINSON, 

P.  O.  Ohapel  Hill.  Son  of  James  and  Mary  Wilkinson,  of  Carroll  county, 
Va.,  was  born  February  16,  1836.  In  March,  1854,  he  came  to  Missouri, 
and  Aug.  5,  1857,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lulu  C.  Parish,  by  whom  he 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  679 

has  had  thirteen  children,  eleven  of  whom  are  now  living:  James  T.,  Ben- 
jamin M.,  Charles  A.,  Earnest,  Anna  P.,  Arthur  T.,  Henry  F.,  Frank 
H.,  Rosa  C,  Clarence  O.,  and  Lydia  A.  In  December,  1861,  he  joined 
the  Missouri  state  guards,  company  I,  First  regiment,  Slack's  division.  In 
December,  1861,  he  was  captured  at  the  Blackwater  capture,  confined  in 
Lexington  a  short  time,  and  then  released.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted 
in  the  confederate  service,  and  was  at  Lone  Jack  and  Columbus.  In  Sep- 
tember, First  regiment  Missouri  cavalry  was  organized,  and  S.  Bullard 
was  commissioned  captain  of  his  company  and  Wilkinson  first  lieutenant. 
In  1863  Capt.  Bullard  joined  the  guerrillas,  and  he  was  promoted  to  the 
captaincy.  As  private  and  officer  he  was  in  many  battles,  as  Carthage, 
Drywood,  Wilson's  Creek,  Lexington,  Newtonia,  Cane  Hill,  Springfield, 
Hartsville,  Helena,  and  numberless  skirmishes.  He,  with  Capt.  Thorn- 
ton, assisted  in  capturing  Liberty  Arsenal.  He  was  with  his  regiment  in 
the  last  raid  through  Missouri,  and  was  in  the  battles  and  skirmishes  of  the 
raid,  as  Sedalia,  Jefferson  City,  Lexington,  Blues,  and  Westport.  At  the 
surrender  at  Shreveport,  June,  1S65,  Capt.  Wilkinson's  command  surren- 
dered to  the  Ninth  Illinois,  the  same  regiment  that  he  had  assisted  in  cap- 
turing the  year  before  on  Red  river,  and  being  old  acquaintances,  they  had 
a  grand  jollification  at  the  surrender. 

A.  R.  PATTERSON, 

P.  O.  Odessa.  Was  born  in  the  state  of  Kentucky  in  1836,  and  came  to 
this  state  in  1849  with  his  parents,  and  has  lived  in  this  county  ever  since. 
Has  never  married.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  and  was 
discharged  in  1865.  He  fought  in  a  number  of  battles  and  was  captured 
at  Vicksburg  and  exchanged  and  rejoined  his  command,  and  served  to  the 
end.  The  city  of  Odessa  is  located  partly  on  his  land,  and  he  has  100 
acres  adjoining. 

JAMES  P.  PROCTOR, 

P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Polly  Proctor.  Was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  came  with  his  parents  to  this  state  in  1838.  In  1867  he  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Rachel  Helm,  widow  of  James  Helm  and  daughter  of  Charles 
Glover.  In  1861  he  enlisted  under  Gen  Shelby  in  the  confederate  army, 
and  fought  in  several  battles.  Was  captured  near  Lexington,  and  con- 
find  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

STEPHENS.  WHITE, 

P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Susan  White,  who  moved  to  this 
county  from  Tennessee  in  1832,  was  born  in  Green  county,  East  Tennessee, 
April  5,  1817,  and  now  lives  within  one  mile  and  a  half  from  where  his 
parents  first  settled.      He  married   Miss  Mary  C.  Ferguson,  of  Pettis 


680  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

county,  and  has  three  sons,  who  now  live  with  their  father  or  near  him. 
He  owns  a  very  fertile  farm  of  220  acres  at  the  head  of  the  Greenton 
valley,  one  mile  from  the  town  of  Odessa;  His  father,  Joseph  White,  and 
Mr.  Fristoe,  one  a  new  and  the  other  an  old  school  Baptist,  were  among 
the  first  preachers  in  that  region. 

NOAH  P.  ADAMS, 

P.  O.  Odessa.  Was  born  in  this  county  in  1844,  and  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Muir,  December  1,  1870.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Missouri 
state  guard,  then  in  the  confederate  army  and  served  to  the  end  of  the 
war.  Was  in  the  battles  of  Lexington,  Lone  Jack,  Westport,  and  Dry- 
wood,  where  he  was  captured  and  confined  at  Rock  Island  to  the  close  of 
war.  He  now  resides  on  the  Muir  farm,  and  is  an  industrious  and  suc- 
cessful farmer. 

WASHINGTON  BARDSLEY, 

postoffice  Odessa.  Son  of  Daniel  B.  Bardsley,  of  Connecticut,  who 
moved  to  Missouri  about  the  year  1833,  and  was  married  in  1838,  to  Miss 
Lydia  Seagraves,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Washington  was  born  July  7, 
1840,  and  was  married  in  September,  1866,  to  Miss  Catherine  Cox, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Cox.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army, 
and  was  in  a  number  of  battles,  as  Springfield,  Oak  Hill,  Pt.  Gibson, 
and  Vicksburg,  where  he  was  captured,  held  a  prisoner  until  January  1864, 
then  released.  He  returned  to  the  service,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the 
war.     He  owns  106  acres  of  fine  land  bordering  Odessa  on  the  south. 

WILLIAM  H.  EDWARDS, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Missouri,  son  of  Feilding  and  Jane  Edwards.  Was  born 
in  Woodford  county,  Kentucky,  in  1838.  In  1868  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Rebecca  Henry,  of  this  county.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  company  A,  5th 
Kentucky  cavalry.  Afterwards  was  in  Gen.  Morgan's  command.  Was 
in  numerous  battles.  Was  taken  prisoner  and  confined  in  Fort  Delaware, 
from  which  place  he  managed  to  escape,  by  "  falling  in  "  with  the  car- 
penters, and  marching  out  with  them. 

THOMAS  McCHESNEY, 

"i*rO.  Odessa.  Was  born  February  17,  1816,  in  Washington  county,  Va. 
His  father,  also  Thomas  McChesney,  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  both 
of  his  grandfathers  served  in  the  revolutionary  war  under  Gen.  Camp- 
bell. Mr.  McChesney  came  to  this  state  in  1837  and  entered  land,  and 
then  returned  to  Virgina.  August  13,  1840,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  King,  daughter  of  Maj.  Wm.  King.  He  then,  in  1842,  moved 
to  this  county,  and  the  next  year,  1843,  settled  upon  his  present  home- 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  681 

stead,  and  is  one  of  the  large  land  owners  of  the  County.  He  has  seven  chil- 
dren ;  his  oldest  son  died  while  in  the  confederate  army.  His  grandmother 
was  Susan  Berry  and  his  mother's  name  was  Susan  Sharpe,  daughter  of 
John  Sharpe,  a  revolutionary  soldier. 

DR.  JOHN  PERRIE, 

P.  O.  Odessa.  Is  the  son  of  John  Perrie,  who  moved  to  this  county  in 
1845,  and  settled  at  Lexington.  Dr.  Perrie  was  born  in  Maryland,  in 
1840,  and  came  to  Lexington  with  his  parents.  He  first  taught  in  the 
Masonic  college  in  Lexington,  then  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  John  Bull, 
of  Lexington,  and  graduated  at  the  St.  Louis  medical  college  in  1868, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  practicing  in  this  county.  In  1866  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Mollie  Keith,  daughter  of  Dr.  Jas.  M.  Keith,  of  this  county. 
He  is  now  settled  at  Mt.  Hope,  in  Sniabar  township,  and  is  doing  a  good 
practice.  Previous  to  studying  medicine  he  graduated  at  Jones'  commer- 
cial college  in  St.  Louis.  He  has  three  children  living:  Eddie,  Claud  and 
Bettie  Bell.  During  the  war  Dr.  Perrie  served  as  hospital  steward,  in 
Price's  army.  He  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  and  surrendered  in 
Louisiana. 

STERLING  POWERS, 
P.  O.  Odessa.  Was  born  July  5, 1832,  in  Kenton  county,  Ky.,  and  moved 
to  Missouri  in  1852.  He  is  the  son  of  Richard  C.  and  Judah  Powers. 
His  father  came  to  Kentucky  from  Richmond,  Virginia,  and  his  mother 
was  born  in  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky.  On  the  20th  of  June,  1858,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Cox,  daughter  of  Joseph  Cox,  of  this 
county.  Mr.  Powers  owns  232  acres  of  prairie  land,  and  by  his  energy 
and  sagacity  has  made  himself  a  comfortable  home.  He  has  two  sons 
living:     Thomas  and  Charles. 

ALFRED  FERGUSON, 
P.  O.  Bates  City.     Was  born  in  1806  in  Culpepper  county,  Virginia.     In 
1827  he  moved  to  Ohio,  and  in  1867  to  this  county.      He  married   Miss 
Peterson,  who  came  from  Virginia  to  Ohio,  in  1818.     He  has  six  children 
living:  Jonas  T.,  Frank,  Henry,  Jacob,  Alpheus  and  Elizabeth. 

JACOB  A.  LYONS, 
P.  O.  Bates  City.  Was  born  in  1835,  in  Carroll  county,  Virginia.  In 
1866  he  moved  to  this  county,  and  in  1868  was  married  to  Miss  Mar- 
tha A.  Adams,  step-daughter  of  Wm.  Harris.  They  have  six  children 
living:  Andrew  J.,  Mary  C,  Noah  B.,  Lulu  M.,  Wm.  O.  and  Ora 
E.  Mr.  Lyons  has  twelve  stands  of  Italian  bees.  They  have  done  but 
little  during  the  present  year  (1881),  but  in  ordinary  seasons  yield  from 
100  to  125  pounds  of  honey  per  hive. 


682  HISTORY    OF    LAFAVETTE    COUNTY. 

T.  J.  MIDDLETON, 

P.  O.  Bates  City.  Was  born  in  the  state  of  Ohio,  Green  county,  in  the 
year  1827.  In  March,  1852,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Nancy  E.  Keiter,  by 
whom  he  had  four  children :  John  W .,  Mary  A.,  Susan  M.  and  Frederick 
K.  His  wife  dying,  he  was  again  married,  in  September,  1864,  to  Miss 
Hannah  L.  Stephens,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children:  Annie  J.,  Chas.  T. 
Alfred  S.,  Olivia  T.,  Louisa  M.,  Thomas  P.,  James  W.  and  Frank.  Mr. 
Middleton's  wheat  crop  last  year  (1880),  averaged  33£  bushels  per  acre. 

ALEXANDER  WILKINSON, 

P.  O.  Bates  City.  Was  born  in  Carroll  county,  Virginia,  and  is  the  son 
of  James  and  Mary  B.  Wilkinson.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Lyon. 
In  1854  he  came  to  Missquri  and  married  Miss  Elizabeth  F.  Wolsenbar- 
ger.  They  have  six  children:  Mary  B.,  John  C,  Wm.  F.,  Dianna  L., 
Joseph  M.  and  James  M.  His  business  is  farming  and  stock  raising,  in 
partnersnip  with  his  brother,  John  W.  Wilkinson. 

J.  TWOGOOD. 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Mo.;  born  in  the  state  of  New  York  in  1850;  he  emi- 
grated to  the  state  of  California,  and  from  thence  came  to  this  county  in 
1873.  In  1874  he  was  married  to  Miss  Smales,  of  this  county,  and  has 
one  child  living,  a  daughter,  Estelle. 

F.  L.  RAMSEY, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Mo.;  son  of  Samuel  B.  Ramsey;  was  born  in  Johnson 
county,  Mo.,  in  1836,  and  has  now  resided  in  this  county  for  the  last 
twelve  years.  In  1868  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  E.  McChesney,and 
has  four  children:  Walter  M.,  Arthur  Eugene,  Thomas  Bracken  and 
Lyle  G.  In  1861  he  joined  the  confederate  army,  and  served  to  the  close, 
in  1865.  He  was  captured  at  Vicksburg  but  was  afterwards  exchanged, 
and  rejoined  the  army.  Mr.  Ramsey  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  stands 
fair  in  this  county  as  an  honest,  industrious  man. 

J.  A.  WHITSETT, 

P.  O.  Odessa,  Mo.;  was  born  in  the  year  1828,  in  Lafayette  county,  and 
is  the  son  of  J.  S.  Whitsett,  who  came  to  this  state  from  Kentucky  at  a 
very  early  day.  In  1864  he  married  Miss  Mary  C.  Powell,  of  Jackson 
county,  Mo.,  and  has  one  child,  James  A.  Whitsett.  Mr.  Whitsett  is  a 
large  and  successful  farmer,  which  vocation  he  has  pursued  all  his  life. 
He  is  a  good  citizen,  and  a  reliable,  upright  man. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  683 

WILLIAM  HARRIS, 

P.  O.  Chapel  Hill,  Mo.;  was  born  April  12th,  1827,  in  Sumner  county, 
Tennessee.  In  November,  1828,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri, 
and  settled  in  this  county,  one  mile  west  of  Chapel  Hill,  where  he  was 
raised  and  educated,  and  has  passed  most  of  his  life.  Soon  after  he  was 
grown  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Joyner,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives.  They  have  five  children:  Amanda  Jane,  Josiah  Frank- 
lin, Wm.  Isaac,  Judah  Cathrine,  and  Sarah,  all  educated  at  Chapel  Hill. 
Mr.  Harris  has  farmed  all  his  life,  and  is  a  steady,  honest  and  respected 
citizen. 

S.  L.  CHEATHAM, 

P.  O.  Bates  City,  Mo.;  was  born  in  Charlotte  county,  Virginia,  and  came 
to  Benton  county,  in  this  state  in  1842.  From  there  he  moved  to  Pettis 
county,  and  from  thence  to  this  county  in  1866.  In  1851  he  married  Miss 
Mary  S.  Parsons,  by  whom  he  has  ten  children  living:  Sarah,  Emma, 
Susan,  Ada,  Alice,  Nancy,  Naomi,  Joseph,  James  and  William.  Sarah 
is  now  Mrs.  Bates,  and  Emma  is  now  Mrs.  Campbell.  Mr.  Cheatham 
has  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  farming,  to  which  he  was  raised.  He 
has  succeeded  well,  and  has  now  a  first-class  farm.  He  is  an  honest, 
sterling  and  upright  citizen. 

DR.  H.  H.  DEAN, 

P.  O.  Chapel  Hill,  Mo.;  was  born  in  1827  in  Carroll  county,  Virginia, 
and  came  to  this  state  in  1866,  settling  at  Chapel  Hill,  in  this  county, 
where  he  has  lived  ever  since.  In  1858  he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan 
Wilkinson,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children:  Nannie  B.,  J.  Henry, 
John  E.,  Elkanah  B.  and  Tilden  T.;  Abner  E.  died  in  1876.  His  wife 
dying,  he  re-married  in  1877,  to  Miss  Lena  A.  South,  and  by  this  union 
has  two  children:  Moses  S.  and  Joseph  A.  He  belongs  to  the  Botanic 
School  of  Medicine,  and  has  a  large  and  successful  practice.  In  partner- 
ship with  his  nephews,  H.  H.  &  Taylor  Dean,  he  has  a  store  of  genera 
merchandise,  at  Chapel  Hill,  and  they  have  a  large  business. 


WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 
THOMAS  M.  SMALL. 

Mr.  Small  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Kentucky,  in  1814.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  went  with  his  parents  to  St.  Louis  county,  and  settled  on 
a  farm.  In  1845  he  came  to  Lafayette  county,  and  first  settled  in  Lexing- 
ton, where  he  was  engaged  for  two  or  three  years  in  operating  a  saw-mill. 


684  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

He  subsequently  moved  to  a  farm  in  Washington  township,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  engaged  in  its  cultivation.  January  7,  1843,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Barnes,  of  Mason  county,  Kentucky;  they 
have  four  children:  Mrs.  Mattie  McKinney,  Henry  F.,  Nelson  R.  and 
Waller  M.  Mr.  Small  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church.  Post-office, 
Lexington. 

WILLIAM  L.  SMITH. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch  is  a  native  of  Bourbon  county, 
Kentucky,  and  at  the  age  of  six  years  came  with  his  parents  to  Lafayette 
county,  where  he  has  resided  ever  since,  engaged  in  farming  since  arriving 
at  his  majority.  April  18th,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
John  Young,  and  grand-daughter  of  Col.  James  Young,  of  Lafayette 
county.  They  have  five  children  living:  James  Y.,  George  R.,  Stod- 
dard F.,  Upton  B.  and  William.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church,  and  Mrs.  Smith  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church.  In 
1862  Mr.  S.  enlisted  in  the  confederate  service,  Capt.  Wither's  company, 
Col.  Elliott's  regiment.  He  served  four  months  and  was  in  the  battle  of 
Lexington.  He  has  a  good  record  as  a  soldier,  and  stands  high  in  the 
esteem  of  his  fellows.     Post-office,  Mayview. 

PETER  TIEFEL. 

Mr.  Tiefel  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  in  1828,  where  he  lived  until 
1847,  when  he  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States,  and  settled  in 
Ohio.  He  remained  there  until  November,  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Lafayette  county,  where  he  now  lives,  engaged  in  farming.  Mr.  Tiefel 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Barbara  Smith,  of  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has 
eight  children.  Is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church.  He  is  a  fit  repre- 
sentative of  that  class  of  Germans  who  are  noted  for  industry  and  econ- 
omy, and  by  continuous  application  of  these  two  qualities  he  has  been 
eminently  successful  in  business,  securing  for  himself  a  fine  farm  of  320 
acres  and  a  comfortable  home  for  his  family.     Postoffice,  Mayview. 

J.  M.  WITHERS, 

farmer  and  stockraiser;  postoffice  Mayview.  Born  in  Jessamine  county, 
Ky.,  March  3,  1827.  His  parents,  Peter  and  Evaline  Withers,  were  from 
Virginia.  At  the  age  of  12  he  left  Kentucky  and  went  to  Bloomington, 
Ills.,  where  he  remained  for  a  few  years.  At  the  age  of  18  he  enlisted  for 
service  in  the  Mexican  war,  entering  Co.  B,  4th  Ills,  regulars.  Shortly 
after  enlisting  he  was  elected  first  lieutenant  of  the  company,  In  this  lat- 
ter capacity  he  served  one  year,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Vera  Cruz 
and  Cerro  Gordo.  In  1849  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Drysdale,  of 
his  native  county,  Kentucky.  They  have  six  children — Wm.  P.,  Mrs.  Eva 


CITY  OF  SAINT  LOUIS,  1881. 


BIRD'S  EYE  VIEW  OF  KANSAS  CITY,  MO.,  1881, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  685 

Worthington,  Matilda,  Sallie,  Washington  J.  and  Jessamine  L.  Mr. 
Withers  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  this  county,  Washington  town- 
ship, in  1851.  Was  engaged  in  freighting  across  the  plains  for  several 
years.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  he  was  in  command  of  an 
independent  company,  which  entered  the  state  service,  C.  S.  A.,  Gen. 
Raines'  division.  They  were  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Wil- 
son's Creek,  Drywood  and  Lexington.  Capt.  Withers  was  captured  at 
Springfield  and  taken  to  St.  Louis,  thence  to  Alton,  where  he  was  detained 
for  eight  months  and  then  paroled.  His  company  was  disbanded  in  1862. 
Mr.  W.  is  an  active  and  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  a 
man  honored  and  respected  by  all. 

ELI  ADAMS. 

Mr.  Adams,  son  of  Jacob  and  Nancy  Adams,  is  a  native  of  Claiborn 
county,  Tenn.;  born  June  12,  1817.  Was  reared  and  educated  there.  In 
1836  he  moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Lafayette 
county,  where  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  farming.  Oct.  28,  1841,  he 
married  Miss  Jane  Powell,  of  Lafayette  county,  Mo.  Thirteen  children 
were  born  to  them,  ten  now  living.  In  1840  he  was  elected  constable  of 
Sniabar  township.     Served  two  years.     Postorfice,  Lexington. 

COL.  J.  S.  WHITE, 

farmer  and  stockraiser;  postoffice  May  view.  Is  a  native  of  Mason  Co., 
Ky.,  born  Jan.  27,  1838.  Came  to  Missouri  in  1857,  and  settled  in  Ray 
county.  In  1861,  Sept.  23,  he  enlisted  in  the  federal  service,  16th  Ky. 
Inf.  Engaged  in  the  battle  of  Joy  Mountain  and  Sherman's  campaign 
against  Atlanta.  He  enlisted  as  a  private,  but  as  his  reward  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  he  gradually  rose,  step  by  step,  until  he  was 
finally  mustered  out,  May  15,  1865,  as  lieutenant-colonel.  During  the  war 
he  was  wounded  three  times.  In  1872,  Feb.  22,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Mrs.  Mary  F.  Johnson,  of  Ray  county,  by  whom  he  has  one 
child,  his  wife  having  three  by  her  first  husband.  In  same  year,  1872,  Mr. 
White  moved  to  this  county  and  located  in  Washington  township,  where 
he  still  resides,  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  a  fine  farm. 

ARTHUR  BROWN, 

of  the  firm  of  Arthur  Brown  &  Co.,  drugs  and  groceries,  Mayview.  Was 
born  in  Breckenridge  Co.,  Ky.,  July  20,  1836.  He  is  the  son  of  Wm.  B. 
C.  and  Matilda  J.  Brown,  who  came  to  this  county  in  1844  and  settled  in 
Washington  township.  During  the  early  and  greater  part  of  his  life  he 
was  engaged  in  farming.  From  1873  to  1875  he  was  located  at  Indepen- 
dence, engaged  in  the  drug  business.     In  the  latter  year  he  came  to  May- 

EE 


686  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

view  and  engaged  in  the  same  business,  entering  the  firm  of  which  he  is 
now  a  member.  The  firm  have  a  large  and  good  class  of  customers,  to 
whom  they  are  courteous  and  attentive.  The  business  and  social  qualities 
of  Mr.  B.  are  first  class  in  every  respect.  In  the  spring  of  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  confederate  army,  Capt.  Bledsoe's  company,  Martin's  battalion  of 
artillery.  He  fought  in  the  following  battles:  Chickamauga,  Vicksburg, 
Corinth,  Port  Hudson,  Pea  Ridge  and  Lexington.  Was  seriously  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge.  Was  paroled  at  Nashville  in  June,  1865. 
August  10,  1867,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Henrietta  Lee  Fulkerson,  of 
this  county.  They  have  five  children — Henrietta,  John  F.,  Mary  Lee, 
Lettie  and  Chas.  R.  Mr.  Brown  has  been  a  resident  of  this  county  for 
over  a  quarter  of  acentury,  contributing  largely  towards  its  improvement. 

ISAAC  W.  WHITSETT, 

of  the  firm  of  Whitsett  &  Taylor,  general  merchandise;  P.  O.  Mayview. 
Was  born  in  Independence,  Jackson  county,  Missouri,  July  13,  1838. 
Came  to  this  county,  with  his  parents,  at  an  early  age.  The  family  set- 
tled in  Washington  township,  on  a  farm,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
passed  his  youth,  cultivating  the  soil  in  summer,  and  his  intellect  in  winter, 
attending  the  public  school.  In  1858,  August  19,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  J.  Talbott,  of  Lafayette  county.  They  have  one  child,  Gracie.  In 
the  summer  of  1862  Mr.  Whitsett  went  south  for  his  health.  Returning 
shortly  after,  he  was  captured,  near  Bower's  Mill,  on  Spring  river,  and  held 
prisoner  for  a  short  time,  at  Independence.  He  then  joined  the  U.  S.  army, 
and  was  in  service  thirteen  months.  He  took  part  in  several  skirmishes, 
but  fortunately  escaped  injury.  In  1876  he  went  to  Tabo,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  business  for  three  years;  after  which  he  wentto  Mayview, and 
again  went  into  business,  entering  the  firm  of  which  he  is  now  a  member. 
The  firm  has  a  good  trade,  which  is  gradually  and  steadily  increasing. 
Mr.  Whitsett  also  devotes  a  portion  of  his  time  to  the  practice  of  law.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  G.  T.,  and  also  of  the  Christian  Church. 

T.  C.  WILSON, 

of  the  firm  of  Wilson  &  Benning,  lumber  and  hardware;  P.  O.  Mayview. 
Is  a  native  of  Ohio;  born  in  1843.  He  is  the  son  of  Robert  H.  and  Mary 
Wilson,  who  came  to  this  county  in  1857,  and  settled  on  a  farm.  Being 
born  and  bred  a  farmer,  Mr.  Wilson  has  followed  that  business  during  the 
greater  part  of  his  life.  In  1879  he  came  to  Mayview,  and  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  trade,  which  he  still  follows,  having,  by  his  enterprise  and  close 
attention  to  business,  secured  his  full  share  of  the  public  patronage. 
December  10, 1872,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Smarr,  of 
this  county,  by  whom  he  has  four  children :  Florence,  Effie,  Pinkie,  and 
one  not  yet  named.     Mr.  Wilson  is  a  staunch  member  of  the  M.  E. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  687 

Church,  South;  active  and  energetic  in  public  as  well  as  private  enter- 
prises, and  a  man  for  whom  society  has  nothing  but  commendation. 

R.  M.  TAYLOR, 

of  the  firm  of  Whitsett  &  Taylor,  Mayview,  was  born  in  Todd  county, 
Kentucky,  in  1838.  Here  he  was  raised  and  educated.  Has  followed 
farming  during  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  December  19,  1867,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Mary  Bourne,  of  Logan  county,  Kentucky.  In  1878  he 
came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  on  a  farm,  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  of  1881,  when  he  came  to  Mayview,  and  became  a  partner  in  the 
above  firm.  He  has  three  children,  two  girls  and  one  boy,  named  as  fol- 
lows: Gertrude,  Fannie,  and  Samuel  F.  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  also  of  the  Christian  Church.  While  living  in  Todd 
county,  Kentucky,  his  fellow  citizens  gave  evidence  of  their  confidence  in 
his  ability  and  integrity,  by  electing  him  to  offices  of  trust  for  several 
terms. 

THOMAS  P.  PAXTON, 

grain  and  flour-dealer,  P.  O.  Mayview.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia,  in  1850.  He  is  the  son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Sarah  Paxton.  Was  educated  at  Washington,  Lee  University. 
Since  his  graduation  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  until 
within  the  last  few  years.  In  1873  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
Warrensburg,  where  he  resided  until  the  year  1880,  when  he  moved  to 
Mayview,  and  engaged  in  the  grain  business.  He  handles  large  quanti- 
ties of  flour  and  grain,  and  is  a  man  of  business  tact  and  integrity,  posses- 
sing the  confidence  of  all  who  deal  with  him.  He  was  married  Novem- 
ber 15,  1877,  to  Miss  Lulu  Kerdolph,  of  Lexington  Missouri,  by  whom 
he  has  one  child,  Daisy.     Mr.  Paxton  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

JOHN  P.  HERR, 

carpenter,  postoffice,  Mayview.  Is  a  native  of  Washington  county,  Mary- 
land; born  April  6,  1818.  At  the  age  of  16  years  he  learned  the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  which  he  has  followed  for  over  30  years.  He  came  to  Mis- 
souri in  1836,  locating  in  Franklin  county,  where  he  remained  for  one 
year,  and  then  moved  to  Lexington,  where  he  resided  for  26  years,  work- 
ing at  his  trade.  He  then  moved  to  the  present  site  of  Mayview,  and  in 
company  with  George  Houx,  laid  out  the  town.  Its  growth  and  present 
prosperity  is  due  to  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  John  P.  Herr  and  others 
like  him.  Mr.  Herr  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  G.  T.,  and  also  of  the  Chris- 
tian church.  His  grandfather  was  a  soldier  of  the  revolution  and  his  father 
of  the  war  of  1812. 


688  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

M.  A.  HAYDEN, 

merchant;  postoffice,  May  view.  Was  born  in  Boone  county,  Mo.,  where 
he  was  raised  and  educated.  Has  been  engaged  in  farming  principally, 
during  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate 
army,  in  Col.  Cordle's  regiment,  Moulton's  brigade.  Was  mustered  out 
in  June,  1865,  near  Hempstead,  Texas.  In  same  year,  he  came  to  this 
county,  and  engaged  in  farming,  until  the  spring  of  1879,  when  he  moved 
to  Mayview,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade.  In  1868,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Eliza  Proctor,  of  Lafayette  county.  They  have  one  child 
living:  James.  His  wife  dying  in  July,  1873,  he  again  married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Wheatly,  of  this  county.  The  nuptials  were  celebrated  Dec.  19,  1876. 
Mr.  Wheatly  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church,  in  good  standing.  His 
parents,  Abner  and  Amanda  Hayden,  came  to  Missouri  in  an  early  day. 
His  father  is  now  the  proprietor  of  a  livery  and  feed  stable  in  Mayview. 
Mr.  Hayden  has  a  good  trade  and  is  a  genial,  wholesouled  gentleman. 

HENRY  C.  EWING, 

farmer  and  stockraiser;  postoffice,  Mayview.  Was  born  June  22, 1838,  in 
Lafayette  county.  Is  the  son  Chatham  S.  and  Mary  B.  Ewing.  Educa- 
ted at  Chapel  Hill  College,  in  this  county.  Was  married  Dec.  8,  1874,  to 
Miss  Belle  J.  Harrelson,  of  this  county.  They  have  one  child:  Chatham 
M.  Mr.  Ewing,  during  the  greater  part  of  his  life,  has  given  his  atten- 
tion almost  entirely  to  the  occupation  of  farming.  That  he  has  made  a 
success  of  it  is  fully  evidenced  by  the  appearance  of  his  fine  farm,  situated 
one  and  a  half  miles  southwest  of  Mayview.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Grange,  and  also  a  ruling  elder  of  the  Mt.  Hebron  church. 

THOMAS  T.  PUCKETT, 

firm  of  R.  Puckett  &  Son,  merchants;  postoffice,  Mayview.  Is  the  son  of 
R.  and  Barbara  Puckett,  and  was  born  in  Shelby  county,  Ky.,  Sept.  21, 
1846.  His  family  came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Lexington,  in  1850.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Masonic  College  of  said  city.  In  1867,  Oct.  22d,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  S.  B.  Wilson,  of  Frankfort,  Ky.,  by  whom 
he  has  seven  children:  Wilford,  Oscar,  Hugh,  Forrest,  Virgil,  Lena  and 
Abbie.  In  1869,  he  and  his  father  went  to  Mayview  and  established  the 
firm  of  R.  Puckett  &  Son,  general  merchandising.  They  have  a  good 
run  of  custom  and  their  business  is  gradually  and  steadily  growing.  Mr. 
Puckett  was  with  Gen.  Price  in  his  last  raid  through  the  state.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Westport,  Mine  Creek  and  Newtonia.  Was 
captured  at  Gilflap's  Ferry,  taken  to  Rock  Island,  Ills.,  where  he  was 
imprisoned  for  seven  months.  He  is  a  leading  member  of  the  Christian 
church  and  stands  high  in  the  community,  as  an  honorable  Christian  man. 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  689 

HON.  C.  L.  EWING, 

farmer,  Mayview  post  office.,  son  of  Thompson  M.  and  Mary  Ewing,  was 
born  in  Todd  county,  Ky.,  May  10,  1827;  was  educated  at  Princeton,  Ky., 
and  Lebanon,  Tenn.  In  1844  he  came  to  this  state  and  county,  where  he 
continued  to  reside  till  date  engaged  in  farming.  In  June  of  1846  he 
enlisted  to  serve  in  the  Mexican  war,  in  Col.  John  J.  Hardin's  regiment, 
Capt.  James  D.  Morgan's  company,  raised  in  Quincy,  111.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista  and  honorably  discharged  in  June 
of  the  following  year.  In  1851,  Dec.  16th,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Nellie 
A.  Ewing,  of  Lafayette  county,  They  have  had  four  children,  two  of 
whom  are  living;  Mary  S.  and  Charles  L.,  Jr.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the 
M.  S.  G.,  Neightmans  brigade.  Entered  the  service  as  first  lieutenant. 
Participated  in  the  battles  of  Carthage,  Wilson's  Creek  and  Lexington. 
Was  mustered  out  in  December  of  same  year  at  Osceola,  Mo.  In  1876 
the  democrats  of  the  western  district  of  Lafayette  county,  honored  him  by 
nominating  and  electing  him  to  a  seat  in  the  house  of  representatives.  He 
served  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  roads  and  highways  and  also  as  a 
member  of  the  committee  on  internal  improvements.  As  a  member  he 
carried  weight  and  influence,  and  acquitted  himself  in  a  manner  which 
gave  evidence  that  his  constituency  had  made  no  mistake  when  they  placed 
their  confidence  in  him.  Mr.  Ewing  is  an  active  and  consistent  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

REV.  JOHN  ALBERT  PRATHER, 

pastor  of  C.  P.  church,  P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of  John  and  Mary  Prather, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina,  Jan.  24,  1822.  In  1840,  he  came  with  his 
mother,  three  sisters  and  one  brother,  to  Mo.,  Clay  county.  His  father 
died  while  the  family  still  lived  in  N.  Carolina.  He  joined  the  Barnett 
Presbytery  in  1843,  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry.  Was  licensed  April 
12,  1845,  and  ordained  April  5,  1846,  by  the  Platte  Presbytery.  Mr. 
Prather  spent  several  years  in  the  northwestern  counties  of  Mo.,  preach- 
ing to  different  congregations.  He  conducted  the  first  religious  service 
ever  held  in  Mary ville,  Nodaway  county.  In  the  spring  of  1860,  he  came 
to  Lafayette  county  and  located  in  Washington  township,  where  he  now 
resides,  having  in  charge  several  of  the  churches  in  the  neighborhood. 
He  was  actively  engaged  in  the  ministry  during  the  war.  Feb.  14,  18 — , 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Tennessee  Johnson,  of  Tenn.  Their 
union  is  blessed  with  eight  children:  Mrs.  Cyrus  Pettus,  Wm.  T.,  Joseph 
A.,  Chatham  Ewing,  Edwin  Lee,  Nora  Johnson,  Clarence  Alvin,  Mary 
Kavanaugh.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  Was  appointed 
judge  of  county  court,  by  Gov.  Hardin ;  then  elected  for  two  years,  and 
upon  the  expiration  of  the  term,  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  four  years; 


690  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

conclusive  evidence  of  the  confidence  of  his  fellow  citizens  in  his  ability  and 
integrity  as  judge.  During  his  residence  of  twenty  years  in  the  county,  as 
pastor  and  judge,  he  has  endeared  himself  in  the  hearts  of  his  fellows,  and 
rendered  himself  a  most  invaluable  citizen. 

REV.  L.  F.  CLEMENS, 
minister  of  the  C.  P.  church,  Mayview  post  office.  The  subject  of  this 
brief  sketch  is  a  native  Missourian,  born  in  Saline  county,  April  19,  1844. 
His  mother  died  when  he  was  quite  young.  His  father  went  to  California 
in  1850  and  there  he,  too,  died,  thus  leaving  him  an  orphan  at  the  tender 
age  of  six  years.  Was  raised  and  partially  educated  in  Johnson  county. 
In  1869  he  entered  the  McGee  college  in  Macon  county  and  there  com- 
pleted his  education.  He  then  became  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  before 
the  Lexington  Presbytery  by  which  he  was  licensed  and  ordained  in  1874. 
He  immediatelv  took  charge  of  Mt  Hebron  church  where  he  still  preaches 
every  Sabbath.  February  8,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Mary  J.  Turner,  of 
Johnson  county,  by  whom  he  has  had  six  children:  Mary  Rebecca,  Ionia 
F.,  Susan  L.,  Hugh  M.,  Lizzie  Ewing  and  Cordelia  C.  Mr.  Clemens  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  a  man  eminently  fitted  to  inspire 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  little  flock  over  whom  he  presides  as 
pastor. 

SAMUEL  K.  BEALL. 
Mr.  Beall  was  born  in  Montgomery  count}-,  Md.,  where  he  was  raised. 
He  was  educated  at  Rockville  Academy,  of  his  native  county.  Came  to 
Mo.,  with  his  parents  in  the  fall  of  1850,  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county, 
where  he  has  since  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber in  good  standing  of  the  C.  P.  church.  He  is  the  son  of  Samuel 
Magruder  and  Mary  Ann  Beall,  who  were  both  natives  of  Montgomery 
Co.  Md.,  and  who  died  in  this  county  at  the  advanced  age,  respectively 
69  and  77  years.     Mr.  Beall's  postoffice  address  is  Greenton.. 

THOMAS  J.  POWELL. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Lafa}-ette  county,  in  1840.  Has 
been  a  continuous  resident  of  this  county  since  his  birth,  obtaining  as  lib- 
eral an  education  in  the  meantime,  as  the  limited  school  facilties  of  the 
county  in  that  dav  would  permit.  At  the  present  time  he  is  actively 
engaged  in  farming  and  stockraising.  He  was  married  in  1859,  to  Miss 
Dorinda  Hatton,  of  Johnson  county.  Thirteen  children  have  been  born  to 
them,  ten  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mr.  Powell  enlisted  in  1862,  in  the 
enrolled  Mo.  milita,  under  Capt.  Summers.  He  served  eighteen  months. 
He  is  the  son  of  Richard  Powell,  who  was  the  first  settler  of  Washington 
township.  Is  an  active  member  of  the  Christian  church.  His  P.  O.  is 
Lexington. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  691 

CAPT.  GEO.  W.  SUMNER. 

Capt.  Sumner  is  an  Englishman  by  Birth;  born  March  22,  1819.  He 
emigrated  in  1831,  locating  in  New  York  City,  where  he  remained  until 
1851,  when  he  removed  to  Lafayette  county,  Mo.,  and  settled  on  a  farm 
where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  its  cultivation  and  improvement. 
In  1S48,  he  married  Miss  Martha  Bradley,  of  Kentucky;  by  which  mar- 
riage they  have  five  children.  Mrs.  Sumner  died  in  May  1859.  He  was 
again  married  to  Laura  Hatton,  of  Lafayette  county,  the  nuptials  being 
celebrated  May  1,  1861.  They  have  four  children.  In  Aug.,  1862,  Mr. 
Sumner  enlisted  in  the  federal  service,  company  I.,  E.  M.  M.  Was 
elected  Capt.  of  the  company.  After  six  months  service  this  company 
was  disbanded  and  reorganized  in  the  5th  Provisional  regiment,  Capt. 
Sumner  still  retaining  the  command.  He  was  in  the  service  18  months 
The  captain's  record  as  a  soldier  and  a  gentleman  is  one  of  which  he  may 
well  be  proud.     Is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.     Post  office  is  Lexington 

GEORGE  WESLEY  FOX. 

The  subject  of  the  following  is  a  native  of  Greenborough  county,  W. 
Va:,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  In  1866  he  came  to  Missouri 
and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in 
farming  and  trading,  in  which  occupations  he  has  been  unusually  success- 
ful. In  1877  he  lea1  to  the  marriage  altar  Miss  Martha  E.  Hill,  of  Lafay- 
ette county.  By  this  marriage  they  have  two  children.  Mrs.  Fox  has 
three  children  by  her  former  husband.  Mr.  Fox  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
F.  and  A.  M.     His  postoffice  is  Odessa. 

WM.  T.  GAMMON. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch  is  a  native  of  Pocahontas  county, 
W.  Va.;  born  August  6,  1826.  Was  raised  and  educated  there.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  army,  joining  the  25th  Virginia  Regiment. 
Was  elected  captain  of  his  company.  At  the  battle  of  Cross  Keys,  June 
8,  1862,  he  was  severely  wounded,  and  failing  to  improve  where  he  was, 
he  went  to  Georgia  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting  his  health.  He  remained 
there  until  March,  1869,  when  he  removed  to  Lafayette  county,  where  he 
has  since  resided  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  In  August,  1874, 
he  was  elected  probate  judge  of  Lafayette  county  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  in  which  capacity  he  served  with  credit  to  himself  and  honor  to  the 
county,  until  May,  1880.  Was  married  in  March,  1850,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
A.  Slaven,  of  Pocahontas  county,  Va.  Five  children  are  the  fruit  of  this 
marriage,  all  living,  viz.:  Massie  A.,  Ella  F.,  Thus.  E.,  Wm.  L.,  and 
Minnie.  Mr.  Gammon  is  a  member  of  the  Grange  of  which  he  is  lec- 
r.     He  is  also  a  member  of  the  O.    S.  Presbyterian  church.     His 


692  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

maternal  grandfather  served  in  the  revolutionary  war,  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Cowpens.  The  judge  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  the 
county,  and  gives  considerable  attention  to  the  breeding  of  Shorthorn 
cattle  and  Poland  China  hogs.     Postoffice  address,  Odessa. 

WM.  P.  KEITH. 

Mr.  Keith,  the  owner  and  proprietor  of  Mayview  Mills,  is  a  native  of 
Scotland;  born  in  Aberdeen,  March,  1838,  where  he  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated until  he  arrived  at  the  age  of  18,  when  he  came  to  Canada,  where  he 
spent  thirteen  years  engaged  in  milling.  Came  to  Lafayette  county  in 
March,  1870,  and  was  engaged  in  the  same  occupation  for  a  year  or  so  in 
Lexington.  Was  married  November  7,  1865,  to  Miss  Annie  Cumming, 
of  Canada,  formerly  of  Scotland.  They  have  four  children  living,  viz.. 
"William,  John,  Isabella,  and  Charles.  In  1871  he  went  to  Mayview  and 
purchased  the  "  Mayview  Mills,"  of  which  he  has  since  been  proprietor. 
Mr.  Keith  is  a  member  of  the  C.  P.  church.  His  ancestry  on  his  father's 
side  were  connected  with  some  of  the  Scottish  lords  who  sided  with 
Charles,  the  Pretender,  upon  whose  downfall  their  property  was  confis- 
cated, and  they  fled  to  Germany.  Mr.  Keith  has  been  quite  successful  in 
his  business  operations,  and  is  one  of  the  influential  citizens  of  the  county. 
Postoffice  address  is  Mayview. 

HON.  H.C.  CHILES. 

The  subject  of  this  brief  sketch,  a  man  closely  identified  with  the  inter- 
ests of  this  county,  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Ky.,  July  6,  1818. 
Was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  county.  In  1859  he  came  to  Mis- 
souri and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged 
principally  in  farming  and  trading.  In  1840  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Maria  Wilson,  of  Bourbon  county,  Ky.,  who  died  in  1845,  leaving 
two  children.  In  1848  he  was  married  again  to  Mrs.  Ruth  Fearing,  of 
Helena,  Ark.  By  this  marriage  they  have  one  child.  Mrs.  Chiles  died  in 
1865.  In  1868  he  married  Mrs.  Lavina  C.  Graves,  of  Lexington.  This 
union  is  blessed  with  one  child.  In  1862  Mr.  Chiles  was  elected  to  repre- 
sent this  county  in  the  state  legislature,  in  which  he  served  for  one  term. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Grange,  of  which  he  is  master.  Postoffice  address 
is  Mayview. 

JAMES  W.  MILLER. 

Mr.  Miller  is  a  native  of  Augusta  county,  Va.,  born  February  7,  1836 
where  he  was  raised  and  educated.     Came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri 
in  1854,  and  settled  in   Saline  county,  where  he  remained  until  the  fall  oi 
1861,  when  he  moved  to   Lafayette  county.     In  December,  1861,  he  was 
married  to   Miss  Ella   Ryland,  daughter  of  Judge  John  F.  Ryland,  of 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  693 

Lafayette  county.  They  have  six  children  living,  viz. :  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Lit- 
tleston,  John  O.,  James  W.,  Tacitus,  Carrie,  and  Xenophon.  Mr.  Miller's 
postoffice  address  is  Odessa. 

J.  W.  BAILEY. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  born  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.,  March  13,  1830.  He  is 
the  son  of  Carr  and  Elizabeth  Bailey,  who  came  to  Lafayette  county  in 
1838.  Here  J.  W.  grew  to  manhood,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
farming,  principally,  with  the  exception  of  six  years  spent  in  California, 
and  two  years  passed  in  New  Mexico,  engaged  in  freighting.  In  1863  he 
led  to  the  marriage  altar  Miss  Eliza  Francis  Maddox,  of  Ray  county. 
Mr.  Bailey  served  six  months  in  the  Missouri  State  Guards  under  Capt. 
Withers.  Participated  in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  Is  an  active  and  con- 
sistent member  of  the  C.  P.  church,  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of 
his  fellow-citizens  in  a  high  degree.     Postoffice,  Mayview. 

JOHN  M.  EWING. 

Mr.  Ewing  is  a  native  of  this  county;  born  April  8,  1827.  He  is  the  son 
of  Chatham  S.  Ewing  who  came  to  this  county  from  Logan  county,  Ky., 
in  1821.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  now  lives  in  Washington  township, 
where  he  has  resided  since  1853,  engaged  in  farming.  Was  married 
Jan.  30th,  1853,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Jane  Butler,  of  Lafayette  county,  for- 
merly of  Kentucky.  They  have  four  children  by  this  marriage,  viz.: 
Thomas  B.,  Chatham  H.,  John  R.  and  Walker  E.  Mrs.  Ewing  is  a 
daughter  of  Thomas  Butler  and  a  grand-daughter  of  Moses  Walker,  of 
Jessamine  county,  Ky.  Her  sister,  Miss  Susan  J.  Butler,  is  living 
with  her.     Mr.  Ewing  and  wife  are  members  of  the  C.  P.  church. 

CHATHAM  S.  EWING, 

deceased.  Mr.  Ewing,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  this  county,  was 
born  in  Logan  county,  Ky.,  Nov.  30th,  1800,  and  died  Sept.  6th,  1872.  He 
came  to  Lafayette  county,  Nov.  30th,  1821.  He  was  married  in  October 
1823,  to  Miss  Mary  Barnett  Young,  of  Lafayette  county,  originally  from 
Tennessee.  They  raised  three  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  in  this 
county.     Mrs.  Ewing  died  May  1, 1840. 

FREDERICK  W.  RIDINGS. 

Mr.  Ridings  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Va.,  in  1841,  where  he 
grew  to  manhood  and  received  his  education.  He  came  to  Missouri  in 
1869,  and  settled  in  Lafayette  county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged 
in  cultivating  a  fine  farm.  He  served  four  years  in  the  Confederate  army, 
enlisting  in  Capt.  Cutchaw's  Battery,  which  served  under  "  Stonewall  " 
Jackson  until  his  death  and  afterwards  under  Gen.  Early.     Participated  in 


|9!  -TORY    OF    LAFAYET7  7Y. 

:>.;  ...:;. ls  ;:'  Winchester,  WaVderness,  both  il  Manassas,  Cedar  Mountain 

.  ral  other  engagements.     Ws  cunded  during  the 

In  18  .is  marr  bs  Laura  Samael,  of  Nf  »Va.      They 

,  one  child  living,  viz.:  William.     Mr.  Riding    -        energetic, 

A.-.vs   oa   the   alert  to  advance  the  in:,  I  his 

adopted  county.     In    H*78  in  addition  to  the  town  of  Mayview, 

r.:>  "Ci.crrL;  caress. 

R.  P.  MARSHALL. 

Mr.  Marshall  is  a  native  of  this  state  and  count}- :  born  Jan  \W.> 

raised  and  educated  in  this  uuunly.      After  becoming  of  age   he 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  at  Wellington  for  a  period  of  two  years, 
since   which  he   has    been   engaged   in   farming.       In    May.    1S61,   he 
enlisted  in  Capt.  Wither's  Company,  engaged  in  state  ser\  hich 

cse  r  six  months.  He  then  went  south  and  joined  Col.  Cockrell's 

regiment.      In  September  of  186S  is  transferred  to  Gen.  J.  She- 

brigade.  He  participated  in  about  fifty  engagements  in  which  generals 
commanded,  besides  numerous  other  skirmishes.  Was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner  twice — the  first  time  was  held  at  Alton  for  six  months  and 
then  exchanged,  and  the  second  time  was  taken  at  Vicksburg  and  shortly 
afterwards  paroled  at  Shreveport,  June  1  .  1863.  was  married  Sept. 

I  9,  to  Miss  Jane  F.  Sanburn,  of  this  countv.  They  have  five 
:  -_■-.  .  :  Wan  B  .  Hear  E  .  Lu:hrr.  C>.:.r!.:r  >.  Arthur  W.  Mr. 
?•!..:>    ...'.'?  7    »::~:r  :.r\~rcss  :>  M.iyview.      T:.:   :.:;:'■.;:  ;::::r  ^:::::    of 

larshall,  daughter  of  Wm.  V  as  born 

in  East  Tenner  rch  29th,    Lfi  In  the  fall  of  1817  Mr.  White 

removed  his  family  to  Missouri  and  passed  the  winter  in  Lincoln  ecu 
In  the  spring  of  the  foil:        _  settled  in  Saline  county,  where 

they  remained  until  1S24,  when  they  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  near 
Lexington,  Although  quite  advanced  in  years,  Mrs.  ML  a  BtiD  in  the  full 
possession  of  all  her  faculties  and  trequendy  regales  her  fir  ith  inter- 

esting episodes,  incident  to  pioneer  •:: 

SAMUEL  SMITH. 

Mr.  Smith  is  a  native  of  Lafayerte  county,  Mo. ;  born  April  6th,  1831 
He  has  been  a  continuous  resident  of  this  con:  e  his  birth,  and  in  the 

meantime  has  acquired  as  liberal  an  education   a  5   afforded  by  the 

common  schools.  Is  engaged  in  farming.  He  is  the  son  of  Charles  and 
Smith.  His  father  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  came  to  this  county 
in  1S20.  His  mother  was  born  in  Tennessee  and  is  the  daughter  of  Sam- 
uel Fergurson,  who  settled  here  in  1831.  Mr.  Smith  was  married  Feb. 
14,  1^  i  N.  McLaughlin,  of  this  county,  who   died  Oct. 

3, 1S75.      He  was  again  married  to   Ifia  Tillie  Morrison,  also  of  this 


HMYOB.Y  OF    LAFAYETTE   COCXTY. 

county.    Their  nuptials  were  celebrated  Feb  They  hare  two 

children,  viz.:  Famrie  and  Mary.  >Ir.  S.  b  a  rufiog  elder  of  Mt.  Hebron 
church.  His  great-grandfathers  were  both  engaged  ia  the  Revofationai  v 
war.     Postoffice,  Mayview. 

ELGIN  O.  R7 

Mr.  Rex  was  born  in  Ashland  county,  Ohio,  in  1858.    At  the  age  of 
seven  his  parents  moved  with  him  to  VBaon,  where  they  lived  until  1S66, 

V.-.C"  -.-.-.-  ;    t:  :;  M  -    ._-.    i-.i    -.-■-..-:    -    _,-"■-.■-  ~-    :._-:.-  ---._- 

s -:;-;•.  '-  5:.-.-  rri.d-d  -=-i_-:  -  f_-j.  -=-  -_'_-  --  ;-_-  7  -■_--  ,-.f5 
estate.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  February,  1870,  to  Ada  B.  Smith, 
of  this  county.    They  have  one  chflcL  lion.    Postcffice 

ai  ir-z-z.  0  its  - 1. 

DAVID  J.  POWELL 

:i~-  :;  Zi£;.r"t    ::_r-.     ;- 

-  •-  :   -  "  "-i  ::r- .   Z-:-~ :--  _;    1 *_  71-  -  - 

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I  :  r.;r. '.;".'-  r-  j  -.---:._-.:--  ■  i:  -.;-.-. :        :.:.-.--_--:     -    'Z        !•-"       H- 

jcrv-i  1  i-  ;  r*.  ::~  -  :i  :.".-  .i.t        ..      it  _~ :- -    _- : -    r:  :-  : ;  t"j_.t_ 

-        -  -         =  :  .  ..'.■-.•■. 

:   Z Z      -------  7         :  .         z  r-  : :  —     :       : 

both  now  living.  Martha  C  Ramsey,  and  David  D.  Parton. 

Mr ; .  r  -         71  t       .  .   _ .  .    -    •  t :         -  _    - 

1867,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Basham,  of  tins  county.    They  have  six  cU-hen 

li.-ir._-.  :~z:    C'r..  •     ■'•      z.~~    1  _"    _     Et"     r -  .  :  -~   '•'•'-     Z_  ir~      _~  —  17  . 
E  7-     ?:-^  rli      r-    -—-:-:    ::    __=    1 

?     I     lr     '  _ ;-;  - 

/111  1-1    Z  '■'■".  1 1  3 

Mr    Z.                  -'Z:tt::_              1  --.t 

H:::::.:=:  7    :    :  -  -     -     -'  -  =-         =    K-zr 

17                   :  /   .  -  :   - :     -      -               '   :  .                                 -z 

7        _    .                         _       _  -.    z  ------   1 7-   1-      if 

:::__:;  z'.'z    : :  _- r         -     rj 

:  - : ..  r  t  :          : :      :  :      -.-.-'-         :  —  i-"r  =  :  "  r   "    :     -. :  : 

Z.  :                        "T'~  -  7 1-          -       _  :    17 .-::-  "."         -   7  1  1-    7  ■   -_ 

:._-.:      ::  ~    :v-  -    i    "...  :    .  :  -  :        i  ::•:: 

_r  -;-;  v  _  .     :  -  ■  :  -  -:  •  :  —  -  -  '--    "  - :  -    -  - " '  -~  -  '  '-' 


696  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 

ANDREW   L.  A.  FULTON. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Antrim  county,  Ireland,  born 
in  1815.  In  1840  he  immigrated  to  the  U.  S.  and  settled  in  Ohio,  where 
he  remained  until  1861,  when  he  came  to  Lafayette  county  where  he 
has  since  resided,  engaged  in  farming.  In  February,  1843,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Margaret  Orr,  of  Ohio,  who  is  a  native  of  the  Emerald  Isle, 
and  came  to  the  U.  S.  in  1839.  They  have  seven  children  living,  viz: 
Robert,  Joseph  W.  M.,  Lorrimer  A.,  Amabel,  John  A.,  Tazedith  P., 
Emmett  L.  V.  Mr.  Fulton  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  and  also 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.     Postoffice  is  Greenton. 

LYCURGUS  WILSON, 

P.  O.  Tabo,  Missouri;  son  of  John  and  Mary  Wilson,  was  born  Decem- 
ber 13,  1821,  in  Morgantown,  Butler  county,  Kentucky,  and  is  of  English 
and  Scotch  descent.  In  1828  he  came  with  his  parents  to  St.  Louis,  where 
his  father  died  in  1837,  and  his  mother  in  St.  Louis  county,  in  1867.  In 
1844  he  visited  Kentucky,  remained  there  four  years,  following  his  father's 
trade,  that  of  builder  and  contractor.  July  1, 1847,  he  married  Miss  Mary 
D.  James,  of  Butler  county,  Kentucky.  He  then  moved  to  Waterloo, 
Clark  county,  Missouri,  where  he  continued  his  trade  for  ten  years.  In 
1861  he  moved  to  Dallas  county,  Texas,  and  lived  there  seven  years.  In 
1868  he  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  in  Washington  township,  where 
he  now  lives  upon  a  farm  of  100  acres  of  good  and  well  improved  land. 
He  has  kept  the  postoffice  on  the  Warrensburg  &  Lexington  mail  line  for 
seven  years.  He  has  four  children  living:  John  H.,  Lucy  J.,  Mattie  E., 
and  Jeft  Davis.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church,  his  wife  a  Bap- 
tist. He  is  a  Free  Mason.  His  two  oldest  children  are  married  and  settled 
close  to  him. 

DANIEL  ALUMBAUGH, 

postoffice  Tabo,  Mo.  Son  of  James  and  Eliza  Alumbaugh.  Was  born 
April  10,  1849,  in  this  county.  His  parents  are  of  German  and  French 
descent,  his  father  a  Kentuckian  and  his  mother  from  Tennessee,  they 
being  married  in  Sullivan  county,  Ind.  Dan  has  followed  the  honorable 
avocation  of  farmer  all  his  life,  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the 
county.  He  has  taken  great  interest  in  literary  societies.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  23d  of  July,  1867,  to  Miss  Eliza  Wooton,  of  this  county.  She 
died  a  few  months  after  marriage.  In  1864  he  enlisted  under  Gen.  Shelby, 
in  the  confederate  army  and  remained  in  service  till  the  war  closed,  sur- 
rendering at  Shreveport,  and  was  in  the  battles  and  fights  of  Price's 
retreat  to  Arkansas.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Missionary  Baptist  church, 
membership  at  Long  Branch,  and  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school. 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY.  697 

GEORGE  W.  BARTON, 

postoffice  Mayview,  son  of  Bently  and  Martha  Barton,  was  born  in  this 
country  June  3,  1843,  where  he  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated.  He  is 
a  self-made  man,  and  has  made  himself  conspicuous  as  an  active  worker 
in  most  public  matters.  In  1879  he  tried  his  fortune  in  the  silver  mines  of 
Colorado,  was  not  very  successful,  and  in  eight  months  returned  to  his 
farm.  He  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  has  two 
brothers  preachers  in  the  same  church.  He  is  kind,  intelligent,  and  a  good 
citizen. 

ROBERT  BUCHANAN, 

postoffice  Tabo,  son  of  Robert  and  Jane  Buchanan,  was  born  Oct.  26, 
1828,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  1842  he  came  with  his  parents  to  this 
country  and  landed  at  New  Orleans.  They  took  boat  for  Lexington,  in 
this  county,  where  they  landed  in  June,  1842,  and  settled  in  Washington 
township,  where  he  now  lives.  He  has  been  twice  married,  first  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Saunders,  of  Johnson  county,  April  27,  1850,  and  has  by  that 
union  six  children  living — Robt.  C,  John  P.,  James  D.,  Wm.  F.,  Sallie  M. 
and  Emma  F.  His  first  wife  died  Sept.  23, 1878.  He  was  married  again 
Sept.  26,  1881,  to  Mrs.  Jane  Myers,  also  of  Johnson  county.  His  second 
wife  had  three  children.  Mr.  Buchanan's  mother  is  still  living,  and  lives 
with  him.  She  is  82  years  old.  He  is  a  member  and  deacon  of  the  Bap- 
tist church. 

HARRISON  ANDERSON, 

post  office  Tabo,  Missouri,  son  of  William  H.  and  Didama  Anderson,  was 
born  Dec.  9,  1840,  in  this  county,  where  he  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  has 
been  a  farmer  all  his  life.  His  father  died  when  he  was  but  eleven  years 
old  leaving  him  at  that  tender  age  in  charge  of  his  mother  and  sister. 
During  the  late  war,  in  1861  he  was  taken  prisoner  by  Federal  troops  of 
McFeran's  regiment,  and  held  nine  months  in  Lexington.  In  1865  he 
took  the  oath  of  allegiance,  paid  his  thirty  dollars  and  went  to  Kansas  for 
safety.  In  three  months  he  returned  and  made  a  crop  entirely  without 
horses  or  mules.  On  the  24th  of  April,  1878,  he  married  Miss  Lucy 
Wilson,  of  this  county,  and  has  two  children:  Mary  and  Richard. 
He  now  owns  a  good  farm  of  one  hundred  acres,  black  loam  and  hemp 
land.     He  and  his  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Christian  church. 

CHARLES  R.  ANDERSON, 
post  office  Tabo,  Mo.,  eldest  son  of  William  H.  and  Didama  Anderson. 
His  mother,  Didama  Anderson,  was  a  daughter  of  Abner  and  Mary  Dyer, 
was  born  May  2,  1807,  in  Warren  county,  Ky.,  and  August  30, 1827,  was 


698  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

married  to  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Anderson.  The  next  year,  1828,  they  came  to 
this  county  and  have  lived  here  ever  since.  They  had  nine  children: 
Eliza  J.,  Charles  R.,  Elizabeth  H.,  Nancy  E.,  James  A.,  Harrison  H., 
Julia  C,  Tirza  M.  and  Esther  A.  These  were  all  married  and  Tirza  is 
now  the  only  one  of  the  girls  living.  They  were  all  respectable  members 
of  the  Christian  church.  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Anderson  went  to  California  in 
1S50  and  returned  May  1,  1851  very  ill  and  died  the  next  day,  May  2, 
1851.  Mrs.  Anderson  is  now  keeping  house  for  her  youngest  son.  She 
has  forty-six  living  grand-children,  and  has  nine  great  grand-children 
married.  She  has  been  a  member  of  the  Christian  church  for  fifty  years. 
Her  health  is  excellent.  Her  oldest  son,  Charles  R.  Anderson,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1830,  in  this  county.  He  was  born  and  raised  on  a  farm  and  has 
been  a  farmer  all  his  life.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  went  to  California 
during  the  gold  fever  and  remained  there  four  years.  Had  good  luck  at 
mining.  He  returned  by  the  isthmus,  and  bought  a  farm  in  Freedom 
township.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  M.  S.  G.,  and  in  the  confederate  ser- 
vice. May,  1863  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  Big  Black,  Miss.,  and  was  in 
different  prisons — Camp  Morton,  Ft  Delaware,  Point  Lookout,  Mo.,  Pal- 
myra, N.  Y.,  was  nearly  starved  to  death  and  often  guarded  by 
negroes.  In  1865  he  was  exchanged,  and  came  home  from  Alabama 
in  October,  1865.  Sept.  4,  1872,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Mathews,  of  this  county,  and  has  three  children — Lee  Price,  Didama  T. 
and  Nancy  E.  He  is  now  living  on  a  farm  of  180  acres  of  first-rate  land 
in  Washington  township. 

LEVI  M.  FOX, 

P.  O.  Odessa.  Son  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  Fox.  Was  born  in  Cook 
county,  Tennessee,  August  20, 1808.  When  he  was  nineteen  years  old, 
about  the  year  1827,  he  came  to  this  county  and  settled  one  mile  south  of 
Dover.  He  was  married  October  31,  1833,  to  Miss  Mary  Nelson,  of  Lex- 
ington. He  joined  the  state  militia  as  a  private  to  help  drive  the  Mor- 
mons out  of  the  state,  and  helped  to  guard  Jo  Smith  before  he  went  to 
Nauvoo,  Illinois.  Mr.  Fox  owned  a  fine  farm  of  320  acres,  south  of 
Dover,  splendidly  improved,  upon  which  he  raised  annually  from  forty  to 
fifty  tons  of  hemp.  He  has  reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  four  boys 
and  five  girls,  all  living  and  married,  except  one  girl,  Margaret,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  nine  years:  Francis  M.,  Calvin  R.,  Wm.  C,  L.  M.,  are  the 
names  of  his  sons.  His  wife  died  in  the  old  home,  February  11,  1874,  at 
the  age  of  sixty-three  years.  Since  that  event  Mr.  Fox  has  been  living 
with  his  children.  At  present  he  is  at  Eureka  Springs,  Arkansas,  with  his 
youngest  son  and  namesake,  Levi  Monroe,  who  was  born  June  25th,  1852, 
and  was  married  December  23, 1875,  to  Miss  Corintha  A.  Tracy,  by  whom 
he  has  two  children:      Willie  L.  and  Lettie  May.      He  is  a  good  citizen, 


HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  699 

teaching  and  farming.  His  health  was  much  shattered,  and  he  went  into 
the  drug  business  in  Odessa.  Recently  he  has  gone  to  the  Eureka 
Springs,  Arkansas,  for  the  benefit  of  his  health. 

JAMES  A.  ANDERSON, 

post  office  Tabo,  son  of  William  H.  and  Didama  Anderson,  was  born  in 
this  county  June  20,  1838,  two  miles  south  of  where  Higginsville  now 
stands,  where  he  was  raised  and  educated.  During  the  years  1858  and 
1859  he  was  in  the  employ  of  Russell  &  Majors,  government  freighters  to 
the  west  and  in  the  spring  of  1860  was  employed  by  Jones  &  Cartwright 
in  the  same  business,  when  he  crossed  the  plains,  returning  late  the  fol- 
lowing fall.  Then  had  a  hard  spell  of  the  typhoid  fever  it  being  twelve 
months  before  he  recovered,  which  kept  him  out  of  the  army.  February 
16, 1864,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Roach,  of  Johnson  county,  Mo. 
They  have  seven  children  now  living:  Charles  R.,  Carrie  E.,  Flora  M., 
James  H.,  Sue  Ella,  Arthur  and  Willie  A.  With  two  ponies  and  $160 
he  began  married  life,  renting  a  farm  for  two  years.  In  1866  he  pur- 
chased 100  acres  of  land  of  his  uncle,  Ira  Anderson,  at  $1,250  on  twelve 
months  time,  which  he  paid  for  and  on  which  he  now  lives;  and  has  now 
a  farm  of  240  acres. 

JAMES  MILAN, 

P.  O.  Mayview.  Son  of  John  and  Ellen  Milan,  who  came  from  Ireland 
in  1840,  settling  in  Maysville,  Kentucky,  where  they  lived  thirty  years. 
About  1870  they  moved  to  this  county,  and  improved  100  acres  in  section 
6,  township  48,  range  26,  which  farm  James  now  manages.  He  has  man- 
aged well,  and  they  are  prospering.  James  was  born  in  Kentucky,  Mays- 
ville, June  17,  1857,  and  nature  marked  him  for  a  good  farmer.  Coal 
abounds  in  the  neighborhood,  near  the  surface,  and  his  whole  farm  is 
underlaid  with  coal. 

ADDISON  HOOK, 

was  born  May  20,  1828,  in  Hampshire  county,  Virginia.  In  1857  he 
moved  to  Lafayette  county,  and  in  1865  purchased  a  farm  of  192  acres, 
120  acres  of  which  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  plenty 
of  water,  with  good,  rich  pastures.  Mr.  Hook  was  married  January  25, 
1853,  to  Miss  Mary  Carlyle.  By  this  union  they  have  seven  children  liv- 
ing: Walter,  Edgar  S.,  Laura  E.,  William  N.,  Charley  A.,  Lucy  M.  and 
Arthur  Duvall.  Mr.  Hook  died  on  the  14th  of  February,  1881.  He  was 
a  good  citizen,  esteemed  and  respected  by  neighbors.  Edgar  L.  Sency 
Hook  was  born  August  23,  1856,  in  Hampshire  county,  Virginia.  He 
came  to  Lafayette  county  with  his  father  and  has  remained  here  ever 
since,  excepting  one  year  spent  in  Colorado  prospecting.      At  present  he 


700  HISTORY    OF    LAFAYETTE    COUNTY. 

is  managing  the  home  farm  and  providing  for  the  wants  of  his  mother  in 
her  old  age. 

EDMOND  J.  CHAMBERS. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Lexington,  Missouri,  December 
25,  1847.  His  father  died  while  going  to  California  in  1849.  Up  to  1864 
Mr.  Chambers  worked  hard,  supporting  himself  and  mother.  At  that 
time  he  enlisted  in  the  confederate  cause,  under  Gen.  Shelby,  in  Gordon's 
regiment,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  surrendered  at 
Shreveport,  Louisiana,  and  on  the  27th  of  June,  1865  returned  home;  he 
was  married  November,  1876,  to  Miss  Cerelda  Bates.  Mr.  Chambers 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  March,  1874,  in  the  M.  E.  church,  south.  He 
has  a  family  of  two  children  living:  James  L.  and  Annie  May.  Mr.  C.  is 
a  quiet  and  peaceful  citizen,  honored  and  respected  by  his  neighbors. 

WILLIAM  CARTER, 

was  born  February  19,  1827,  in  Jessamine  county,  Kentucky.  In  1869  he 
moved  to  Missouri  and  located  in  this  county,  in  Freedom  township.  In 
1881  he  moved  to  Washington  township,  where  he  now  resides.  Mr. 
Carter  was  married  on  April  15,  1849,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Sharp.  He  has  a 
family  of  five  children :  Vina  C,  James,  Almeda  J.,  Thomas  A.,  and  George 
R.  Himself,  and  wife  and  two  daughters  are  members  of  the  Missionary 
Baptist.  Mr.  Carter  is  highly  esteemed  by  his  neighbors,  enjoying  their 
entire  confidence,  as  a  Christian  gentleman  and  a  good  citizen. 

JAMES   BUCHANAN, 

P.  O.Tabo,  Missouri,  son  of  Robert  and  James  Buchanan;  was  born  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  March  1,  1833.  His  father  was  a  weaver  by  trade. 
In  1841  he  came  with  his  parents  to  this  country,  landing  in  New  Orleans. 
They  then  came  direct  by  river  to  this  county,  settling  in  Washington 
township  on  a  farm.  James  was  married  January  15,  1857,  to  Miss 
Rebecca  Donaldson  of  Johnson  county,  Missouri.  They  have  five  children: 
Lydia,  James  H.,  Charles,  Rollie,  and  Eva.  He  has  a  fine  farm  of  160 
acres,  and  in  fine  condition.  There  is  plenty  of  fine  coal  on  his  farm. 
Both  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church.  He  is  an  excel- 
lent farmer,  a  quiet,  peaceable,  and  highly  respected  citizen. 

REV.  W.  Y.  RUSSELL, 

was  born  February  25,  1856,  in  Buchanan  county,  Missouri.  In  1860  his 
parents  moved  to  Kansas,  and  returned  in  1861.  In  1863  they  moved  to 
Iowa,  and  remained  there  two  years,  the  next  three  years  were  spent  in 
Missouri,  Texas,  Indian  Territory.  His  parents  are  now  living  in  Kansas, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  left  them,  and  returned  on  a  visit  to  his 


HISTORY   OF    LAFAYETTE   COUNTY.  701 

old  home,  Buchanan  county.  While  attending  a  protracted  meeting  there 
he  was  converted.  In  1874  he  entered  college,  remaining  there  two  years 
at  his  own  expense,  acting  as  janitor,  and  on  Saturdays  sawing  wood.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  February  16,  1877,  by  the  Beaver  Creek  church,  in 
Miami  county,  Kansas.  In  1880  he  left  college,  and  has  since  been  preach- 
ing, during  which  time  he  has  converted  not  less  than  one  hundred  souls. 
His  work  has  been  in  protracted  meetings  up  to  May  last,  since  which 
time  he  has  had  charge  of  two  congregations,  one  at  Odessa,  the  other  at 
Mound  Prairie,  this  county. 


ADDITIONAL    BIOGRAPHIES. 

GEORGE  KENTON, 

Davis  township,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Son  of  John  and  Judith  Kenton,  was 
born  in  Missouri,  Jan.  29,  1840.  His  father  was  married  three  times,  and 
had  twenty  children.  George  was  born  in  Carroll  county,  where  he  was 
raised  and  educated.  At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  at  Milespoint  three  years.  In  the  fall  of  1869,  he  moved 
to  the  country.  In  1874,  he  went  to  Independence  Mo.,  and  kept  the  old 
Independence  hotel  for  six  years.  In  1880,  he  returned  to  Carroll  county , 
and  in  1881,  came  to  a  farm  of  170  acres  in  Davis  township,  in  this  county 
where  he  now  is.  Nov.  23,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  C.  Hudson,  of 
Jackson  county  Mo.,  and  has  five  children:  Eugene,  Mary  E.,  Wm.  C.,. 
.Lou  H.  and  Clara  F.  He  is  a  grand-nephew  of  the  famous  pioneer, 
Simon  Kenton. 

GEORGE  B.  KNEEDLER, 

Davis  township,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Son  of  Jacob  and  Martha  W.  Kneedler, 
was  born  July  12,  1840,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  His  father  was  a  brick-layer 
in  St.  Louis.  When  he  was  seven  years  old,  he  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Madison  county,  111.,  twelve  miles  from  St.  Louis.  He  lived  mostly  in 
Illinois,  until  1881,  when  he  and  his  brother  Wm.  C.  bought  a  tract  of  689 
acres  in  this  county  where  they  now  live.  It  is  a  fine  farm,  400  acres  in 
cultivation,  underlaid  with  coal.  They  deal  largely  in  stock,  especially  in 
sheep  of  fine  class.  He  was  married  Feb.  9,  1865,  to  Miss  Aurelia  Win- 
ship  of  Collinsville,  111.,  and  has  two  boys,  Frank  and  Charley.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  church  south.  His  brother  William 
married  Jan.  2,  1866,  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Stoutzenberry  of  Illinois,  and  has 
five  children. 


FF 


702 


HISTORY   OF   LAFAYETTE   COUNTY. 


WILLIAM  WALTER, 

Davis  township,  P.  O.  Aullville.  Eldest  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Wal- 
ter, was  born  June  1,  1825,  in  Adams  county  Pennsylvania.  His  parents 
were  of  German  descent,  and  died  in  Virginia,  in  1845,  where  they  lived 
twelve  years.  In  1849,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  A.  Mills,  on  the  10th  of  Aug- 
ust, and  in  1856,  he  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  in  Davis  township,  one 
mile  southeast  of  Higginsville.  In  1880,  he  bought  a  farm  of  160  acres,  one 
mile  north  west  of  Aullville,  where  he  now  lives.  He  has  a  fine  quarry 
of  limestone  rock  upon  his  farm.  He  has  five  children,  Mary  E.,  John  H.> 
Newton  S.,  Lilly  and  Sindy.     Mr.  Walter  took  no  part  in  the  war. 


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