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Full text of "The History of Marshall County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., a biographical directory of citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics, portraits of early settlers and prominent men, history of the Northwest, history of Iowa, map of Marshall County, constitution of the United States, miscellaneous matters, etc"

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THK 


HI8TOET 


MARSHALL  COUNTY, 


1  o  ^^r  j^^ 


CONTAINING 


A    Biographical    Directory  of   Citizens,    War    Record    of   its    Vol- 
unteers in  the  late  Rebellion,  General  and  Local  Statistics, 
Portraits  of  Early  Settlers  and  Prominent  Men,  His- 
tory of  the    Northwest,  History   of   Iowa,  Map 
of   Marshall   County,  Constitution  of  the 
United    States,    Miscellaneous 
Matters,  &c. 


IXjXjTJSTIRJLTEID 


CHICAGO: 
WESTERN    HISTORICAL    COMPANY, 

1S78. 

7^ 


Entered,  according  to  Act  ol  Congress,  in  the  year  1878,  by 
THE     WESTERN      HISTORICAL     COMPANY, 

In  the  OflSce  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


PREFACE. 


THE  historian  who  delves  among  the  records  of  the  far  past,  and  weaves  in 
continuous  thread  the  story  of  former  generations,  for  the  instruction  of 
ages  yet  to  come,  must  be  governed  in  the  methods  of  his  work  by  one  invariable 
rule,  which  is :  The  acceptance  of  such  facts,  and  only  such,  as  have  become 
established,  either  by  written  evidence  or  by  undoubted  verbal  testimony  trans- 
mitted in  consecutive  order,  and  bearing  on  its  face  the  impress  of  truthfulness 
from  its  consistency  with  known  facts. 

The  historian  who  writes  of  the  near  past,  oftentimes  finds  more  delicate 
questions  arising  for  him  to  decide  than  does  the  cotemporary  of  the  musty 
pages.  While  the  latter  has  but  his  own  sense  of  consentaneousness  to  satisfy, 
the  former  has  a  wider  constituency  to  win  over  to  his  mode  of  thinking.  The 
w^riter  upon  ancient  events  is  stimulated  to  careful  research  by  the  hope  of  dis- 
covering that  which  will  subvert  the  theories  of  his  collaborators,  and  vindicate 
his  own  claim  to  literary  fame.  The  man  who  treats  of  the  early  deeds  of  a 
generation  yet  living  can  have  no  such  ambition.  His  duty  is  to  tell  the  tale 
in  simple  manner,  leaving  to  those  who  shall  come  after  him  the  more  agreeable 
task  of  embellishment. 

The  compiler  of  this  history  has  endeavored  to  adhere  to  the  rules  which 
should  govern  all  volumes  of  its  class.  Rumors  have  been  given  only  as  such ; 
traditions  find  their  appropriate  place,  and  assumptions  are  treated  with  lightest 
stroke.  Indisputable  facts,  based  upon  definite  dates  and  corroborated  by  tes- 
timony admissible  in  courts  of  justice,  alone  stand  recorded  as  facts. 

Herein  lies  the  most  unpleasant  feature  of  the  work  performed :  an  impar- 
tial observance  of  the  rules  prescribed  by  us  plays  havoc  with  individual  claims 
in  more  than  one  instance.  It  is  just  to  ourselves  that  we  say  :  We  have  been 
actuated  by  no  motives  but  the  highest  in  the  discharge  of  our  duty.  If  state- 
ments made  within  these  pages  conflict  with  personal  assertion,  let  it  be  remem- 
bered by  the  critic  that  majority  judgment  has,  in  every  case,  prevailed  Avith  us 
on  all  disputed  points.  We  do  not  expect  to  please  every  subscriber  ;  that 
would  indicate  a  millennial  condition  of  unity  between  the  writer  and  the  pub- 
lic which  has  never  been  attained,  even  in  sacred  history.  We  have  tried  to 
give  a  truthful  record  of  events,  as  the  facts  have  been  made  known  to  us. 

The  most  difficult  task  ever  assigned  us  was  the  preparation  of  the  chapter 
on  the  County  Seat  Conflict.     The  nature  of  the  events  precludes  a  full  history 


PREFACE. 

of  that  absorbing  contest.  It  is  not  a  thing  of  the  past,  but  is  a  transaction  of 
the  present.  The  participators  therein  still  live  to  read  these  lines.  The  opi^o- 
sing  factions  have,  in  a  great  measure,  doffed  the  panoply  of  war,  and  lifted  the 
implements  of  peace  ;  but  beneath  the  calm  exterior  rest  the  ragged  remnants 
of  former  animosities.  To  expect  other  than  this  would  be  to'defj  natural  and 
moral  laws  and  seek  for  miracles  in  these  latter  days. 

Our  work  has  been  to  angle  among  the  hidden  snags  of  feeling  and  bring 
forth  truth — truth  of  such  indubitable  form  as  to  silence  those  who  desire  to 
criticise  or  complain.  At  the  same  time  we  have  endeavored  to  be  impartially 
fearless  in  the  recital  of  the  story  of  the  contest.  Much  has  been  left  unsaid 
on  both  sides,  if  we  consider  the  acts  of  individuals ;  but  nothing  of  influence 
has  been  withheld  from  the  record  of  actual  occurrences.  We  came  not  to 
bring  war,  but  to  cement  the  bonds  of  peace ;  and  at  the  same  time  rescue  from 
impending  oblivion  the  most  important  chapter  in  the  history  of  this  county. 
We  have  done  our  Avork  carefully,  conscientiously,  we  trust,  satisfactoriW. 

To  the  gentlemen  in  charge  of  the  county  records — especially  to  those  in 
the  Auditor's  office — we  express  our  cordial  thanks  for  their  assistance.  Every- 
where we  have  been  received  in  the  most  generous  spirit.  The  Clergy,  the 
Press,  the  Pioneers,  all  have  aided  us  in  a  large  degree. 

An  individual  mention  of  our  obligations  to  Hon.  William  C.  Smith,  for 
the  innumerable  kindnesses  extended  to  the  Company,  is  due  that  gentleman. 

From  the  former  History  of  Marshall  County,  prepared  by  Mrs.  Nettie 
Sanford,  we  have  taken  many  incidents  relating  to  the  early  social  life  here, 
and  we  make  this  general  credit  for  the  assistance  the  volume  has  been  to  us. 
The  people  of  this  county  owe  Mrs.  Sanford  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  the  labor 
she  has  bestowed  upon  the  work  so  well  performed  by  her. 

The  able  chapter  on  the  Geology  of  Marshall  County,  was  prepared  ex- 
pressly for  this  work  by  Dr.  W.  S.  McBride,  of  Marshalltown.  The  character 
of  the  article  is  such  as  is  rarely  met  with.  It  is  a  popular  treatise  upon  an 
absorbing  topic.     It  will  be  read  with  profit  and  pleasure  by  all. 

When  the  present  generation  has  passed  into  the  silent  grave,  and  the  his- 
torian is  no  longer  able  to  converse  face  to  face  with  those  who  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  the  fine  structure  of  Marshall  County,  the  value  of  this  History  will 
be  conceded. 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 

October,  187S. 


CONTENTS 


Page. 

History  Northwest  Territory 19 

Geographical  'Position 19 

Early  Explorations 20 

Discovery  of  the  Ohio 33 

English  Explorations  and  Set- 
tlements   35 

American  Settlements 60 

Division  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 

rltorv 06 

Tecumseh  and  the  War  of  1812  70 
Black   Hawk  and   the    Black 

Hawk  War 74 

Other  Indian  Troubles 79 

Present  Condition  of  the  North- 
west    86 

Chicago 95 

Illinois 240 

Indiana 242 

Iowa 243 

Michigan 244 

Wisconsin 245 

Minnesota 247 

Nebraska 248 

History  of  Iowa: 

Geographical  Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage  System 110 

Rivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 

Discovery  and  Occnpation 139  i 

Territory 147  j 

Indians 147  I 

Pike's  Expedition 151  | 

Indian  Wars 152 


HISTORICAL.. 

Page. 

History  ol  Iowa : 

Black  Hawk  War 167 

Indian  Purchase,  Resei'ves  and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish  Grants 163 

Half-Breed  Tract..    164 

Early  Settlements 166 

Territorial  History 173 

Boundary  Question 177 

State  Oiganization 181 

Growth  and  Progress 185 

Agricultural  College  and  Farm.186 

State  University v 187 

State  Historical  Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 

Insane  Hospitals 195 

College  for  the  Blind 197 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution 199 

Soldiers'  Orphans'  Homes 199 

State  Normal  School 201 

Asylum     for    Feeble    Minded 

Children 201 

Reform  School 282 

Fish  Hatching  Establishment..203 

Public  Lands 204 

Public  Schools 218 

Political  Record 223 

War  Record 229 

Number  Volunteers 233 

Number  Casualties — Officers. ..234 
Number    Casualties — Enlisted 

Men 236 

Population 238 

Agricultural  Statistics 274 

History  of  Marshall  County ; 

Physical  Geography 307 

Geology 311 


Page. 

History  of  Marshall  County : 

Advent  of  White  Men 318 

Settlement  of  the  County 326 

Organization 336 

Election 342 

First  Courts 349 

Fiscal  Records 350 

Social  and  Agricultural  Statis- 
tics   353 

Population  in  1875 354 

County  Seat  Contest 355 

Railroads 410 

Facts  and  Incidents 419 

Statistical 433 

FostOfiBcea 433 

Press 4;i3 

Agricultural  Interests 436 

Le  Grand  Quarry 448 

Grist  Mills 448 

Speculative  and  Prophetic 449 

War  Record 453 

Roster  i55 

Educational 464 

Property  Statement .543 

Vote  of  1876  and  1877 544 

Survey  of  towns  and  Villages..542 

Town  Histories: 

Marshalltown  466 

Albion 505 

State  Centre  and  Eden .522 

Le  Grand 529 

Liscomb 533 

Gilman 536 

Edenville 539 

Dillon 540 

Lamoille 541 

Quarry 541 


Page.  [ 

Mouth  of  the  Mississippi 21 

Source  of  the  Mississippi 21' 

Wild  Prairie 23 

La  Sail?- Landing  on  the  Shore  of 

Green  Bay 2.") 

Buffalo  Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting .32 

Iroquois  Chief 34 

Pontiac,  the  Ottawa  Chieftain 43i 

Indians  Attacking  Frontiersmen..    56 
A  Prairie  Storm 59  ' 


ILiIillSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

A  Pioneer  Dwelling 61 

Breaking  Prairie 63 

Tecumseh,  the  Shawanoe  Chieftain  69'» 

Indians  Attacking  a  Stockade 72 

Black  Hawk,  the  Sac  Chieftain 75«r 

Big  Eagle 80^ 

Captain  Jack,  the  Modoc  Chieftain  83-* 

Kinzie  House 85v 

A  Representative  Pioneer 86 

Lincoln    Monument 87 

A  Pioneer  School  House 68 


Page 

Pioneers'  First  Winter 94  ^ 

Great  Iron  Bridge  of  C,  R.  I.  &  P. 
R.  R.,  Crossing  the  Mississippi  at 

Davenport,  Iowa 91 

Chicago  in  1833 95 

Old  Fort  Dearborn,  1830 98r 

Present  Site  Lake  Street  Bridge,       '  - 

Chicago,  1833 98 

Ruins  of  Chicago 104-- 

View  of  the  City  of  Chicago 106  — 

Hunting  Prairie  Wolves 249 


LITHOGRAPHIC    PORTR.\ITS. 


Page.   I  Page. 

\he\\,  T 44r|  Merrill,  ,1.  A 607 

Dobbs,  J.  W 509-I  Neidig,  A.  H 475 

Hickox,  Geo.  S 373v(  Smith   W.  C 527 


Page. 

Turner,  John 339  • 

Williams,  Jas.  C 407  > 

Woodbury,  G.  M 305 


CONTENTS. 
MARSHAL.L.    COrXTT     VOLUNTEERS. 


Infantrv-  Page.    Infantry :  Page. 

Fifth 455  Twenty-third 459 

Eigbtii 456  !         Thirtj'-second 460 

Eleventh 456  j         Forty-fourth 460 

Thirteenth 457  I 


Cavalry :  Page. 

Second 461 

Fifth 462 

Eighth 462 

Miscellaneous 463 


BIOGRAPHIC  AI.    TOWNSHIP    DIRECTOR  F. 


Page,  i  Page 

Bangor 644  |  Liscomb 580 

Eden.... 586    " 


Green  Castle 614 

Iowa 664 

Jefferson 672 

Le  Grand 591 

Liberty 679 


Logan 668 

Lynn 545 

Marshalltown 545 

Marietta 683 

Marion 655 


Page. 

Minerva 640 

State  Centre 605 

Taylor 648 

Timber  Creek 632 

Washington 689 

Vienna 6ii5 


ABSTRACT    OF    IOWA    STATE    liAWS. 


Page,  i 

Adoption  of  Children 287 

Bills  of  Exchange  and  Promissory 

Notes  275 

Commercial  Terms 289 

Capital  Punishment 282 

Charitable,  Scientific  and  Religious 

Associations 300  [ 

Descent 275 

Damages  from  Trespass 284 

Exemptions  from  Execution 282 

Esti-ays 283  1 

Forms :  1 

Articles  of  Agreement 291 

Bills  of  Sale 292 

Bond  for  Deed 299  j 

Bills  of  Purchase 290 


Page. 
Forms : 

Chattel  Mortgage 298 

Confession  of  Judgment 290 

Lease 296 

Mortgages 294 

Notice  to  Quit 293 

Notes 290, 297 

Orders 290 

Quit  Claim  Deed 299 

Receipts 290 

Wills  and  Codicils 203 

Warranty  Deed 298 

Fences  284 

Interest 275 

Intoxicating  Liquors 301 

Jurisdiction  of  Courts 281 


Page. 

Juroi-s 281 

Limitation  of  Actions 281 

Landlord  and  Tenant 288 

Married  Women 282 

Marks  and  Brands 284 

Mechanics'  Liens 285 

Roads  and  Bridges 286 

Surveyors  and  Surveys 28" 

Suggestions  to  Persons  Purchasing 

Books  by  Subscription 303 

Support  of  Poor 287 

Ta.xes 277 

Wills  and  Estates 276 

Weights  and  Measures 289 

Wolf  Scalps 284 


Page. 

Map  of  Marshall  County Front. 

Constitution  of  United  States 250 

Vote  for  President  and  Vice  Pres- 
ident  264 

Practical  Rules  for  Every-Day  Use..265 
United  States  Government    Land 
Measure 268 


MISCEIiEANKOIJS«i. 

Page. 

Surveyor's  Measure 269 

How  to  Keep  Accounts 269 

Interest  Table 270 

Miscellaneous  TaMe 270 

Names  of  the  States  of  the  Union 

and  their  Significations 271 

Population  of  the  United  States 272 


Pace. 

Population  of  Fifty  Principal  Cities 
of  the  United  States 272 

Population  and  Area  of  the  United 
States 273 

Population  of  the  Principal  Coun- 
tries in  the  World 273 

Population  of  Marshall  County 354 


^T  ^.3T  A 


^  c  o  z^:y 


j 


# 


The    Northwest    Territory. 


GEOGRAPHICAL    POSITION. 

When  the  Northwestern  Territory  was  ceded  to  the  United  States 
by  Virginia  in  1784,  it  embraced  only  the  territory  lying  between  the 
Ohio  and  the  Mississippi  Rivers,  and  north  to  the  northern  limits  of  the 
United  States.  It  coincided  with  the  area  now  embraced  in  the  States 
of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  that  portion  of 
Minnesota  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  United 
States  itself  at  that  period  extended  no  farther  west  than  the  Mississippi 
River ;  but  by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  in  1803,  the  western  boundary 
of  the  United  States  was  extended  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  Ocean.  The  new  territory  thus  added  to  the  National 
domain,  and  subsequently  opened  to  settlement,  has  been  called  the 
"New  Northwest,"  in  contradistinction  from  the  old  "Northwestern 
Territory." 

In  comparison  with  the  old  Northwest  this  is  a  territory  of  vast 
magnitude.  It  includes  an  area  of  1,887,850  square  miles  ;  being  greater 
in  extent  than  the  united  areas  of  all  the  Middle  and  Southern  States, 
including  Texas.  Out  of  this  magnificent  territory  have  been  erected 
eleven  sovereign  States  and  eight  Territories,  with  an  aggregate  popula- 
tion, at  the  present  time,  of  13,000,000  inhabitants,  or  nearly  one  third  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  United  States. 

Its  lakes  are  fresh-water  seas,  and  the  larger  rivers  of  the  continent 
flow  for  a  thousand  miles  through  its  rich  alluvial  valleys  and  far- 
stretching  prairies,  more  acres  of  which  are  arable  and  productive  of  the 
highest  percentage  of  the  cereals  than  of  any  other  area  of  like  extent 
on  the  globe. 

For  the  last  twenty  years  the  increase  of  population  in  the  North- 
west has  been  about  as  three  to  one  in  any  other  portion  of  the  United 
States. 

(19) 


20  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


EARLY    EXPLORATIONS. 

In  the  year  1541,  DeSoto  first  saw  the  Great  West  in  the  New 
World.  He,  however,  penetrated  no  farther  north  than  the  35th  parallel 
of  latitude.  The  expedition  resulted  in  his  death  and  that  of  more  than 
half  his  army,  the  remainder  of  whom  found  their  way  to  Cuba,  thence 
to  Spain,  in  a  famished  and  demoralized  condition.  DeSoto  founded  no 
settlements,  produced  no  results,  and  left  no  traces,  unless  it  were  that 
he  awakened  the  hostility  of  the  red  man  against  the  white  man,  and 
disheartened  such  as  might  desire  to  follow  up  the  career  of  discovery 
for  better  purposes.  The  French  nation  were  eager  and  ready  to  seize 
upon  any  news  from  this  extensive  domain,  and  were  the  first  to  profit  by 
DeSoto's  defeat.  Yet  it  was  more  than  a  century  before  any  adventurer 
took  advantage  of  these  discoveries. 

In  1616,  four  years  before  the  pilgrims  "  moored  their  bark  on  the 
wild  New  England  shore,"  Le  Caron,  a  French  Franciscan,  had  pene- 
trated through  the  Iroquois  and  Wyandots  (Hurons)  to  the  streams  which 
run  into  Lake  Huron  ;  and  in  1634,  two  Jesuit  missionaries  founded  the 
first  mission  among  the  lake  tribes.  It  was  just  one  hundred  years  from 
the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  DeSoto  (1541)  until  the  Canadian 
envoys  met  the  savage  nations  of  the  Northwest  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary,, 
below  the  outlet  of  Lake  Superior.  This  visit  led  to  no  permanent 
result;  yet  it  was  not  until  1659  that  any  of  the  adventurous  fur  traders- 
attempted  to  spend  a  Winter  in  the  frozen  wilds  about  the  great  lakes, 
nor  was  it  until  1660  that  a  station  was  established  upon  their  borders  by 
Mesnard,  who  perished  in  the  woods  a  few  months  after.  In  1665,  Claude 
Allouez  built  the  earliest  lasting  habitation  of  the  white  man  among  the 
Indians  of  the  Northwest.  In  1668,  Claude  Dablon  and  James  Marquette 
founded  the  mission  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary,  and  two 
years  afterward,  Nicholas  Perrot,  as  agent  for  M.  Talon,  Governor  Gen- 
eral of  Canada,  explored  Lake  Illinois  (Michigan)  as  far  south  as  the 
present  City  of  Chicago,  and  invited  the  Indian  nations  to  meet  him  at  a. 
grand  council  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie  the  following  Spring,  where  they  were 
taken  under  the  protection  of  the  king,  and  formal  possession  was  taken 
of  the  Northwest.  This  same  year  Marquette  established  a  mission  at 
Point  St.  Ignatius,  where  was  founded  the  old  town  of  Michillimackinac. 

During  M.  Talon's  explorations  and  iNIarquette's  residence-  at  St. 
Ignatius,  tliey  learned  of  a  great  river  away  to  the  Avest,  and  fancied 
— as  all  others  did  then — that  upon  its  fertile  banks  whole  tribes  of  God's 
children  resided,  to  whom  the  sound  of  the  Gospel  had  never  come. 
Filled  with  a  wish  to  go  and  preach  to  them,   and  in  compliance  with  a 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


21 


22  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITO^^Y. 

request  of  M.  Talon,  who  earnestly  desired  to  extend  the  domain  of  his 
king,  and  to  ascertain  whether  the  river  flowed  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
or  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marquette  with  Joliet,  as  commander  of  the  expe- 
dition, prepared  for  the  undertaking. 

On  the  13th  of  May,  1673,  the  explorers,  accompanied  by  five  assist- 
ant French  Canadians,  set  out  from  Mackinaw  on  their  daring  voyage  of 
discovery.  The  Indians,  who  gathered  to  witness  their  departure,  were 
astonished  at  the  boldness  of  the  undertaking,  and  endeavored  to  dissuade 
them  from  their  purpose  by  representing  the  tribes  on  the  Mississippi  as 
exceedingly  savage  and  cruel,  and  the  river  itself  as  full  of  all  sorts  of 
frightful  monsters  ready  to  swallow  them  and  their  canoes  together.  But, 
nothing  daunted  by  these  terrific  descriptions,  Marquette  told  them  he 
was  willing  not  only  to  encounter  all  the  perils  of  the  unknown  region 
they  were  about  to  explore,  but  to  lay  down  his  life  in  a  cause  in  which 
the  salvation  of  souls  was  involved  ;  and  having  prayed  together  they 
separated.  Coasting  along  the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  the 
adventurers  entered  Green  Bay,  and  passed  thence  up  the  Fox  River  and 
Lake  Winnebago  to  a  village  of  the  Miamis  and  Kickapoos.  Here  Mar- 
quette was  delighted  to  find  a  beautiful  cross  planted  in  the  middle  of  the 
town  ornamented  with  white  skins,  red  girdles  and  bows  and  arrows, 
which  these  good  people  had  offered  to  the  Great  Manitou,  or  God,  to 
thank  him  for  the  pity  he  had  bestowed  on  them  during  the  Winter  in 
giving  them  an  abundant  "  chase."  This  was  the  farthest  outpost  to 
which  Dablon  and  Allouez  had  extended  their  missionary  labors  the 
year  previous.  Here  Marquette  drank  mineral  waters  and  was  instructed 
in  the  secret  of  a  root  which  cures  the  bite  of  the  venomous  rattlesnake. 
He  assembled  the  chiefs  and  old  men  of  the  village,  and,  pointing  to 
Joliet,  said:  "  My  friend  is  an  envoy  of  France,  to  discover  new  coun- 
tries, and  I  am  an  ambassador  from  God  to  enlighten  them  with  the  truths 
of  the  Gospel."  Two  Miami  guides  were  here  furnished  to  conduct 
them  to  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  they  set  out  from  the  Indian  village  on 
the  10th  of  June,  amidst  a  great  crowd  of  natives  who  had  assembled  to 
witness  their  departure  into  a  region  where  no  white  man  had  ever  yet 
ventured.  The  guides,  having  conducted  them  across  the  portage, 
returned.  Tlie  explorers  launched  their  canoes  upon  the  Wisconsin, 
which  they  descended  to  the  Mississippi  and  proceeded  down  its  unknown 
waters.  What  emotions  must  have  swelled  their  breasts  as  they  struck 
out  into  the  broadening  current  and  became  conscious  that  they  were 
now  upon  the  bosom  of  tli3  Father  of  Waters.  The  mystery  was  about 
to  be  lifted  from  the  long-sought  river.  The  scenery  in  that  locality  is 
beautiful,  and  on  that  delightful  seventeenth  of  June  must  have  been 
clad  in  all  its  primeval  loveliness  as  it  had  been  adorned  by  the  hand  of 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


23 


Nature.  Drifting  rapidly,  it  is  said  that  the  bold  bluffs  on  either  hand 
''  reminded  them  of  the  castled  shores  of  their  OAvn  beautiful  rivers  of 
France."  By-and-by,  as  they  drifted  along,  great  herds  of  buffalo  appeared 
on  the  banks.  On  going  to  the  heads  of  the  valley  they  could  see  a 
country  of  the  greatest  beauty  and  fertility,  apparently  destitute  of  inhab- 
itants yet  presenting  the  appearance  of  extensive  manors,  under  the  fas- 
tidious cultivation  of  lordly  proprietors. 


THE    WILD    PRAIRIE. 

On  June  25,  they  went  ashore  and  found  some  fresh  traces  of  men  upon 
the  sand,  and  a  path  which  led  to  the  prairie.  The  men  remained  in  the 
boat,  and  Marquette  and  Joliet  followed  the  path  till  they  discovered  a 
village  on  the  banks  of  a  river,  and  two  other  villages  on  a  hill,  within  a 
half  league  of  the  first,  inhabited  by  Indians.  They  were  received  most 
hospitably  by  these  natives,  who  had  never  before  seen  a  white  person. 
After  remaining  a  few  days  they  re-embarked  and  descended  the  river  to 
about  latitude  33°,  where  they  found  a  village  of  the  Arkansas,  and  being 
satisfied  that  the  river  flowed  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  turned  their  course 


24  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

up  the  river,  and  ascending  tlie  stream  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
rowed  up  that  stream  to  its  source,  and  procured  guides  from  that  point 
to  the  lakes.  "  Nowhere  on  this  journe3%"  says  Marquette,  ''did  we  see 
such  grounds,  meadows,  woods,  stags,  buffaloes,  deer,  wildcats,  bustards, 
swans,  ducks,  parroquets,  and  eten  beavers,  as  on  the  Illinois  River." 
The  party,  without  loss  or  injury,  reached  Green  Bay  in  September,  and 
reported  their  discovery — one  of  the  most  important  of  the  age,  but  of 
which  no  record  was  preserved  save  Marquette's,  Joliet  losing  his  by 
the  upsetting  of  his  canoe  on  his  way  to  Quebec.  Afterward  Marquette 
returned  to  the  Illinois  Indians  by  their  request,  and  ministered  to  them 
until  1675.  On  the  18th  of  May,  in  that  year,  as  he  was  passing  the 
mouth  of  a  stream — going  with  his  boatmen  up  Lake  Michigan — he  asked 
to  land  at  its  mouth  and  celebrate  Mass.  Leaving  his  men  with  the  canoe, 
he  retired  a  short  distance  and  began  his  devotions.  As  much  time 
passed  and  he  did  not  return,  his  men  went  in  search  of  him,  and  found 
him  upon  his  knees,  dead.  He  had  peacefull}^  passed  away  while  at 
prayer.  He  was  buried  at  this  spot.  Charlevoix,  who  visited  the  place 
fifty  years  after,  found  the  waters  had  retreated  from  the  grave,  leaving 
the  beloved  missionary  to  repose  in  peace.  The  river  has  since  been 
called  Marquette. 

While  Marquette  and  his  companions  were  pursuing  their  labors  in 
the  West,  two  men,  differing  widely  from  him  and  each  other,  Avere  pre- 
paring to  follow  in  his  footsteps  and  perfect  the  discoveries  so  well  begun 
by  him.     These  Avere  Robert  de  La  Salle  and  Louis  Hennepin. 

After  La  Salle's  return  from  the  discovery  of  the  Ohio  River  (see 
the  narrative  elsewhere),  he  established  himself  again  among  the  French 
trading  posts  in  Canada.  Here  he  mused  long  upon  the  pet  project  of 
those  ages — a  short  way  to  China  and  the  East,  and  was  busily  planning  an 
expedition  up  the  great  lakes,  and  so  across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific, 
when  Marquette  returned  from  the  Mississippi.  At  once  the  vigorous  mind 
of  LaSalle  received  from  his  and  his  companions'  stories  the  idea  that  by  fol- 
lowing the  Great  River  northward,  or  by  turning  up  some  of  the  numerous 
western  tributaries,  the  object  could  easily  be  gained.  He  applied  to 
Frontenac,  Governor  General  of  Canada,  and  laid  before  him  the  plan, 
dim  but  gigantic.  Frontenac  entered  warmly  into  his  plans,  and  saw  that 
LaSalle's  idea  to  coiinect  the  great  lakes  by  a  chain  of  forts  with  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  would  bind  the  country  so  wonderfully  together,  give  un- 
measured power  to  France,  and  glory  to  himself,  under  whose  adminis- 
tration he  earnestly  hoped  all  would  be  realized. 

LaSalle  now  repaired  to  France,  laid  his  plans  before  the  King,  who 
warmly  approved  of  them,  and  made  him  a  Chevalier.  He  also  received 
from  all  the  noblemen  the  warmest  wishes  for  his  success.     The  Chev' 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


•25 


alier  returned  to  Canada,  and  busily  entered  upon  his  work.  He  at 
once  rebuilt  Fort  Fronteuac  aud  constructed  the  first  ship  to  sail  on 
these  fresh-water  seas.  On  the  7th  of  August,  16T9,  having  been  joined 
by  Hennepin,  he  began  his  voyage  in  the  Griffin  up  Lake  Erie.  He 
passed  over  this  lake,  through  the  straits  beyond,  up  Lake  St.  Clair  and 
into  Huron.  In  this  lake  they  encountered  heavy  storms.  They  were 
some  time  at  Michilliraackinac,  where  LaSalle  founded  a  fort,  and  jjassed 
on  to  Green  Bay,  the  "  Bale  des  Puans"  of  the  French,  where  he  found 
a  large  quantity  of  furs  collected  for  him.  He  loaded  the  Griffin  with 
these,  and   placing  her  under  the    care  of  a  pilot  and   fourteen    sailors, 


LA  SALLE  LANDING  ON  THE  SHORE  OF  GREEN  BAY. 

started  her  on  her  return  voyage.  The  vessel  was  never  afterward  heard 
of.  He  remained  about  these  parts  until  early  in  the  Winter,  when,  hear- 
ing nothing  from  the  Griffin,  he  collected  all  the  men — thirty  working 
men  and  three  monks — and  started  again  upon  his  great  undertaking. 

By  a  short  portage  they  passed  to  the  Illinois  or  Kankakee,  called  by 
the  Indians,  "Theakeke,"  wolf,  because  of  the  tribes  of  Indians  called 
by  that  name,  commonly  known  as  the  Mahingans,  dwelling  there.  The 
French  pronounced  it  Kiakiki,  which  became  corrupted  to  Kankakee. 
"Falling  down  the  said  river  by  easy  journeys,  the  better  to  observe  the 
country,"  about  the  last  of  December  they  reached  a  village  of  the  Illi- 
nois   Indians,    containing   some   five   hundred    cabins,    but   at   that    moment 


26  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

no  inhabitants.  The  Seur  de  LaSalle  being  in  want  of  some  breadstuffs, 
took  advantage  of  the  absence  of  the  Indians  to  help  himself  to  a  suffi- 
ciency of  maize,  large  quantities  of  which  he  found  concealed  in  holes 
under  the  wigwams.  This  village  was  situated  near  the  present  village 
of  Utica  in  LaSalle  County,  Illinois.  The  corn  being  securely  stored, 
the  voyagers  again  betook  themselves  to  the  stream,  and  toward  evening, 
on  the  4th  day  of  January,  1680,  they  came  into  a  lake  which  must  have 
been  the  lake  of  Peoria.  This  was  called  by  the  Indians  Pim-i-te-ivi^  that 
is,  a  place  where  there  are  many  fat  beasts.  Here  the  natives  were  met 
with  in  large  numbers,  but  they  were  gentle  and  kind,  and  having  spent 
some  time  with  them,  LaSalle  determined  to  erect  another  fort  in  that 
place,  for  he  had  heard  rumors  that  some  of  the  adjoining  tribes  were 
trying  to  disturb  the  good  feeling  which  existed,  and  some  of  his  men 
were  disposed  to  complain,  owing  to  the  hardships  and  perils  of  the  travel. 
He  called  this  fort  '^  Crevecceur''  (broken-heart),  a  name  expressive  of  the 
very  natural  sorrow  and  anxiet}^  which  the  pretty  certain  loss  of  his  ship. 
Griffin,  and  his  consequent  impoverishment,  the  danger  of  hostility  on  the 
part  of  the  Indians,  and  of  mutiny  among  his  own  men,  might  well  cause 
liim.  His  fears  were  not  entirely  groundless.  At  one  time  poison  was 
placed  in  his  food,  but  fortunately  was  discovered. 

While  building  this  fort,  the  Winter  wore  away,  the  prairies  began  to 
look  green,  and  LaSalle,  despairing  of  any  reinforcements,  concluded  to 
return  to  Canada,  raise  new  means  and  new  men,  and  embark  anew  in 
the  enterprise.  For  this  purpose  he  made  Hennepin  the  leader  of  a  party 
to  explore  the  head  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  and  he  set  out  on  his  jour- 
ney. This  journey  was  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  a  few  persons,  and 
was  successfully  made,  though  over  an  almost  u  iknown  route,  and  in  a 
bad  season  of  the  year.  He  safely  reached  Canaia,  and  set  out  again  for 
the  object  of  his  search. 

Hennepin  and  his  party  left  Fort  Crevecoeur  on  the  last  of  February, 
1680.  When  LaSalle  reached  this  place  on  his  return  expedition,  he 
found  the  fort  entirely  deserted,  and  he  was  obliged  to  return  again  to 
Canada.  He  embarked  the  third  time,  and  succeeded.  Seven  days  after 
leaving  the  fort,  Hennepin  reached  the  Mississippi,  and  paddling  up  the 
icy  stream  as  best  he  could,  reached  no  higher  than  the  Wisconsin  River 
by  the  11th  of  April.  Here  he  and  his  followers  were  taken  prisoners  by  a 
hand  of  Northern  Indians,  who  treated  them  with  great  kindness.  Hen- 
nepin's comrades  were  Anthony  Auguel  and  Michael  Ako.  On  this  voy- 
age they  found  several  beautiful  lakes,  and  "  saw  some  charming  prairies." 
Their  captors  were  the  Isaute  or  Sauteurs,  Chippewas,  a  tribe  of  the  Sioux 
nation,  who  took  them  up  the  river  until  about  the  first  of  May,  when 
they  reached  some  falls,  which  Hennepin  christened  Falls  of  St.  Anthony 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


27 


in  honor  of  his  patron  t>aint.  Here  they  toolv  the  land,  and  traveling 
nearly  two  hundred  miles  to  the  northwest,  brought  them  to  their  villages. 
Here  they  were  kept  about  three  months,  were  treated  kindly  by  their 
captors,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time,  were  met  by  a  band  of  Frenchmen, 


BUFFALO    HUNT. 


headed  by  one  Seur  de  Luth,  who,  in  pursuit  of  trade  and  game,  had  pene- 
trated thus  far  by  the  route  of  Lake  Superior;  and  with  these  fellow- 
countrymen  Hennepin  and  his  companions  were  allowed  to  return  to  the 
borders  of  civilized  life  in  November,  1680,  just  after  LaSalle  had 
returned  to  the  wilderness  on  his  second  trip.  Hennepin  soon  after  went 
to  France,  where  he  published  an  account  of  his  adventures. 


28  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

The  Mississippi  was  first  discovered  by  De  Soto  in  April,  1541,  in  his 
vain  endeavor  to  find  gold  and  precioas  gems.  In  the  following  Spring, 
De  Soto,  weary  with  hope  long  deferred,  and  worn  out  with  his  wander- 
ings, he  fell  a  victim  to  disease,  and  on  the  21st  of  May  died.  His  followers, 
reduced  by  fatigue  and  disease  to  less  than  three  hundred  men,  wandered 
about  the  country  nearly  a  year,  in  the  vain  endeavor  to  rescue  them- 
selves by  land,  and  finally  constructed  seven  small  vessels,  called  brigan- 
tines,  in  which  they  embarked,  and  descending  the  river,  supposing  it 
would  lead  them  to  the  sea,  in  July  they  came  to  the  sea  (Gulf  of 
Mexico),  and  by  September  reached  the  Island  of  Cuba. 

They  were  the  first  to  see  the  great  outlet  of  the  Mississippi ;  but, 
being  so  weary  and  discouraged,  made  no  attempt  to  claim  the  country, 
and  hardly  had  an  intelligent  idea  of  what  they  had  passed    through. 

To  La  Salle,  the  intrepid  explorer,  belongs  the  honor  of  giving  the 
first  account  of  the  mouths  of  the  river.  •  His  great  desire  was  to  possess 
this  entire  country  for  his  king,  and  in  January,  1682,  he  and  his  band  of 
■explorers  left  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  on  their  third  attempt,  crossed 
the  portage,  passed  down  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  6th  of  February, 
reached  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  18th  they  commenced  their  downward  course,  which  they 
pursued  with  but  one  interruption,  until  upon  the  6th  of  March  they  dis- 
covered the  three  great  passages  by  which  the  river  discharges  its  waters 
into  the  gulf.     La  Salle  thus  narrates  the  event : 

"  We  landed  on  the  bank  of  the  most  western  channel,  about  three 
leagues  (nine  miles)  from  its  mouth.  On  the  seventh,  M.  de  LaSalle 
went  to  recounoiter  the  shores  of  the  neighboring  sea,  and  M.  de  Tonti 
meanwhile  examined  the  great  middle  channel.  They  found  the  main 
outlets  beautiful,  large  and  deep.  On  the  8th  we  reascended  the  river,  a 
little  above  its  confluence  with  the  sea,  to  find  a  dry  place  beyond  the 
refvcli  of  inundations.  The  elevation  of  the  North  Pole  was  here  about 
twenty-seven  degrees.  Here  we  prepared  a  column  and  a  cross,  and  to 
the  column  were  affixed  the  arms  of  France  with  this  inscription  : 

Louis  Le  Grand,  Roi  De  France  et  de  Navarre,  regne  ;  Le  neuvieme  Avril,  1682. 

The  whole  party,  under  arms,  chanted  the  Te  Deum,  and  then,  after 
a  salute  and  cries  of  "  Vive  le  Roi,''  the  column  was  erected  by  M.  de 
La  Salle,  who,  standing  near  it,  proclaimed  in  a  loud  voice  the  authority  of 
the  King  of  France.  LaSalle  returned  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi settlements  in  Illinois,  thence  he  proceeded  to  France,  where 
another  expedition  was  fitted  out,  of  which  he  was  commander,  and  in  two 
succeeding  voyages  failed  to  find  the  outlet  of  the  river  by  sailing  along 
the  shore  of  the  gulf.     On  his  third  voyage  he  was  killed,  through  the 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


29 


treachery  of  his  followers,  and  the  object  of  his  expeditions  was  not 
accomplished  until  1699,  when  D'lberville,  under  the  authority  of  the 
crown,  discovered,  on  the  second  of  March,  by  way  of  the,  sea,  the  mouth 
of  the  "  Hidden  River. ""  This  majestic  stream  was  called  by  the  natives 
*'' Malbouchia,''    and  by  the  Spaniards,  ''la  Palissade,"  from  the  great 


TRAPPING. 

number  of  trees  about  its  mouth.  After*  traversing  the  several  oudets, 
and  satisfying  himself  aS  to  its  certainty,  he  erected  a  fort  near  its  western 
outlet,  and  returned  to  France. 

An  avenue  of  trade  Avas  now  opened  out  which  was  fully  improved. 
In  1718,  New  Orleans  was  laid  out  and  settled  by  some  European  colo- 
nists. In  1762,  the  colony  was  made  over  to  Spain,  to  be  regained  by 
France  under  the  consulate  of   Napoleon.     In   1803,   it  was   purchased   by 


30  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

the  United  States  for  the  sum  of  fifteen  million  dollars,  and  the  territory 
of  Louisiana  and  commerce  of  the  Mississippi  River  came  under  the 
charge  of  the  United  States.  Although  LaSalle's  labors  ended  in  defeat 
and  death,  he  had  not  worked  and  suffered  iu  vain.  He  had  thrown 
open  to  France  and  the  world  an  immense  and  most  valuable  country; 
had  established  several  ports,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  more  than  one 
settlement  there.  "  Peoria,  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  are  to  this  day  monu- 
ments of  LaSalle's  labors ;  for,  though  he  had  founded  neither  of  them 
(unless  Peoria,  which  was  built  nearly  upon  the  site  of  Fort  Crevecoeur,) 
it  was  by  those  Avhom  he  led  into  the  West  that  these  places  were 
peopled  and  civilized.  He  was,  if  not  the  discoverer,  the  first  settler  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  as  such  deserves  to  be  known  and  honored.*' 

The  French  early  improved  the  opening  made  for  them.  Before  the 
year  1698,  the  Rev.  Father  Gravier  began  a  mission  among  the  Illinois, 
and  founded  Kaskaskia.  For  some  time  this  was  merely  a  missionary 
station,  where  none  but  natives  resided,  it  being  one  of  three  such  vil- 
lages, the  other  two  being  Cahokia  and  Peoria.  What  is  known  of 
these  missions  is  learned  from  a  letter  written  by  Father  Gabriel  Marest, 
dated  "  Aux  Cascaskias,  autrement  dit  de  Tlmmaculate  Conception  de 
la  Sainte  Vierge,  le  9  Novembre,  1712."  Soon  after  the  founding  of 
Kaskaskia,  the  missionary,  Pinet,  gathered  a  flock  at  Cahokia,  while 
Peoria  arose  near  the  ruins  of  Fort  Crevecoeur.  This  must  have  been 
about  the  year  1700.  The  post  at  Vincennes  on  the  (3ubache  river» 
(pronounced  Wa-ba,  meaning  summer  cloud  moving  swiftly')  was  estab- 
lished iu  1702,  according  to  the  best  authorities.*  It  is  altogether  prob- 
able that  on  LaSalle's  last  trip  he  established  the  stations  at  Kaskaskia 
and  Cahokia.  In  July,  1701,  the  foundations  of  Fort  Ponchartrain 
were  laid  by  De  la  Motte  Cadillac  on  the  Detroit  River.  These  sta- 
tions, with  those  established  further  north,  were  the  earliest  attempts  to 
occupy  the  Northwest  Territory.  At  the  same  time  efforts  were  being 
made  to  occupy  the  Southwest,  which  finally  culminated  in  the  settle- 
ment and  founding  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  by  a  colony  from  England 
in  1718.  This  was  mainly  accomplished  through  the  efforts  of  the 
famous  Mississippi  Company,  established  by  the  notorious  John  Law, 
who  so  quickly  arose  into  prominence  in  France,  and  who  with  his 
scheme  so  quickly  and  so  ignominiously  passed  away. 

From  the  time  of  the  founding  of  these  stations  for  fifty  years  the 
French  nation  were  engrossed  with  the  settlement  of  the  lower  Missis- 
sippi, and  the  war  with  the  Chicasaws,  who  had,  in  revenge  for  repeated 

•  There  is  considerable  dispute  about  this  date,  some  asserting  it  was  founded  as  late  as  1742.  When 
the  new  court  house  at  Vincennes  was  erected,  all  authorities  on  the  subject  were  carefully  examined,  and 
-702  fixed  upon  as  the  correct  date.    It  was  accordingly  engraved  on  the  corner-stone  of  the  court  house. 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY.  31 

injuries,  cut  off  the  entire  colony  at  Natchez.  Although  the  company 
did  little  for  Louisiana,  as  the  entire  West  was  then  called,  yet  it  opened 
the  trade  through  the  Mississippi  River,  and  started  the  raising  of  grains 
indigenous  to  that  climate.  Until  the  year  1750,  but  little  is  known  of 
the  settlements  in  the  Northwest,  as  it  was  not  until  this  time  that  the 
attention  of  the  English  was  called  to  the  occupation  of  this  portion  of  the 
New  World,  which  they  then  supposed  they  owned.  Vivier,  a  missionary 
among  the  Illinois,  writing  from  "  Aux  Illinois,"  six  leagues  from  Fort 
Chartres,  June  8,  1750,  says:  "We  have  here  whites,  negroes  and 
Indians,  to  say  nothing  of  cross-breeds.  There  are  five  French  villages, 
and  three  villages  of  the  natives,  within  a  space  of  twenty-one  leagues 
situated  between  the  Mississippi  and  another  river  called  the  Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias).  In  the  five  French  villages  are,  perhaps,  eleven  hundred 
whites,  three  hundred  blacks  and  some  sixty  red  slaves  or  savages.  The 
three  Illinois  towns  do  not  contain  more  than  eight  hundred  souls  all 
told.  Most  of  the  French  till  the  soil;  they  raise  wheat,  cattle,  pigs  and 
horses,  and  live  like  princes.  Three  times  as  much  is  produced  as  can 
be  consumed ;  and  great  quantities  of  grain  and  flour  are  sent  to  New 
Orleans."  This  city  was  now  the  seaport  town  of  the  Northwest,  and 
save  in  the  extreme  northern  part,  where  only  furs  and  copper  ore  were 
found,  almost  all  the  products  of  the  country  found  their  way  to  France 
by  the  mouth  of  the  Father  of  Waters.  In  another  letter,  dated  Novem- 
ber. 7,  1750,  this  same  priest  says :  "  For  fifteen  leagues  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  one  sees  no  dwellings,  the  ground  being  too  low 
to  be  habitable.  Thence  to  New  Orleans,  the  lands  are  only  partially 
occupied.  New  Orleans  contains  black,  white  and  red,  not  more,  I 
think,  than  twelve  hundred  persons.  To  this  point  come  all  lumber, 
bricks,  salt-beef,  tallow,  tar,  skins  and  bear's  grease  ;  and  above  all,  pork 
and  flour  from  the  Illinois.  These  things  create  some  commerce,  as  forty 
vessels  and  more  have  come  hither  this  yefir.  Above  New  Orleans, 
plantations  are  again  met  with ;  the  most  considerable  is  a  colony  of 
Germans,  some  ten  leagues  up  the  river.  At  Point  Coupee,  thirty -five 
leagues  above  the  German  settlement,  is  a, fort.  Along  here,  within  five 
or  six  leagues,  are  not  less  than  sixty  habitations.  Fifty  leagues  farther 
up  is  the  Natchez  post,  where  we  have  a  garrison,  who  are  kept  prisoners 
through  fear  of  the  Chickasaws.  Here  and  at  Point  Coupee,  they  raise 
excellent  tobacco.  Another  hundred  leagues  brings  us  to  the  Arkansas, 
where  we  have  also  a  fort  and  a  garrison  for  the  benefit  of  the  river 
traders.  *  *  *  From  the  Arkansas  to  the  Illinois,  nearly  five  hundred 
leagues,  there  is  not  a  settlement.  There  should  be,  however,  a  fort  at 
the  Oubache  (Ohio),  the  only  path  by  which  the  English  can  reach  the 
Mississippi.     In  the  Illinois  country  are  numberless  mines,  but  no  one  to 


32 


THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


work  them  as  they  deserve."  Father  Marest,  writmg  from  the  i^ost  at 
Vincennes  in  181 2.  makes  the  same  observation.  Vivier  also  says  :  '*  Some 
individuals  dig  lead  near  the  surface  and  supply  the  Indians  and  Canada. 
Two  Spaniards  now  here,  who  claim  to  be  adepts,  say  that  our  mines  are 
like  those  of  Mexico,  and  that  if  we  would  dig  deeper,  we  should  find 
silver  under  the  lead  ;  and  at  any  rate  the  lead  is  excellent.  There  is  also 
in  this  country,  beyond  doubt,  copper  ore,  as  from  time  to  time  large 
pieces  are  found  in  the  streams." 


HUNTING. 


At  the  close  of  the  year  1750,  the  French  occupied,  in  addition  to  the 
lower  Mississippi  posts  and  those  in  Illinois,  one  at  Du  Quesne,  one  at 
the  Maumee  in  the  country  of  the  Miamis,  and  one  at  Sandusky  in  what 
may  be  termed  the  Ohio  Valley.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  Northwest 
they  had  stations  at  St.  Joseph's  on  the  St.  Joseph's  of  Lake  Michigan, 
at  Fort  Ponchartrain  (Detroit),  at  Michillimackanac  or  Massillimacanac, 
Fox  River  of  Green  Bay,  and  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  The  fondest  dreams  of 
LaSalle  Avere  now  fully  realized.  The  Frencli  alone  were  possessors  of 
this  vast  realm,  basing  their  claim  on  discover}-  and  settlement.  Another 
nation,  however,  was  now  turning  its  attention  to  this  extensive  country. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  33- 

and  hearing  of  its  wealth,  began  to  lay  plans  for  occupying  it  and  for 
securing  the  great  profits  arising  therefrom. 

The  French,  however,  had  another  claim  to  this  country,  namely,  the 


DISCOVERY   OF   THE    OHIO. 

This  "  Beautiful "  river  was  discovered  by  Robert  Cavalier  de  La- 
Salle  in  1669,  four  years  before  the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  Joliet 
and  Marquette. 

While  LaSalle  was  at  his  trading  post  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  he  found 
leisure  to  study  nine  Indian  dialects,  the  chief  of  which  was  the  Iroquois. 
He  not  only  desired  to  facilitate  his  intercourse  in  trade,  but  he  longed 
to  travel  and  explore  the  unknown  regions  of  the  West.  An  incident 
soon  occurred  which  decided  him   to  fit  out  an  exploring  expedition. 

While  conversing  with  some  Senecas,  he  learned  of  a  river  called  the 
Ohio,  which  rose  in  their  country  and  flowed  to  the  sea,  but  at  such  a 
distance  that  it  required  eight  months  to  reach  its  mouth.  In  this  state- 
ment the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  were  considered  as  one  stream. 
LaSalle  believing,  as  most  of  the  French  at  that  period  did,  that  the  great 
rivers  flowing  west  emptied  into  the  Sea  of  California,  was  anxious  to 
embark  in  the  enterprise  of  discovering  a  route  across  the  continent  to 
the  commerce  of  China  and  Japan. 

He  repaired  at  once  to  Quebec  to  obtain  the  approval  of  the  Gov- 
ernor. His  eloquent  appeal  prevailed.  The  Governor  and  the  Intendant, 
Talon,  issued  letters  patent  authorizing  the  enterprise,  but  made  no  pro- 
vision to  defray  the  expenses.  At  this  juncture  the  seminary  of  St.  Sul- 
pice  decided  to  send  out  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  expedition, 
and  LaSalle  offering  to  sell  his  improvements  at  LaChine  to  raise  money, 
the  offer  was  accepted  by  the  Superior,  and  two  thousand. eight  hundred 
dollars  were  raised,  with  which  LaSalle  purchased  four  canoes  and  the 
necessary  supplies  for  the  outfit. 

On  the  6th  of  Jal}^  1669,  the  party,  numbering  twenty-four  persons, 
embarked  in  seven  canoes  on  the  St.  Lawrence ;  two  additional  canoes 
carried  the  Indian  guides.  In  three  days  they  were  gliding  over  the 
bosom  of  Lake  Ontario.  Their  guides  conducted  them  directly  to  the 
Seneca  village  on  the  bank  of  the  Genesee,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present 
City  of  Rochester,  New  York.  Here  they  expected  to  procure  guides  to 
conduct  them  to  the  Ohio,  but  in  this  they  were  disappointed. 

The  Indians  seemed  unfriendly  to  the  enterprise.  LaSalle  suspected 
that  the  Jesuits  had  prejudiced  their  minds  against  his  plans.  After 
waiting  a  month  in  the  hope  of  gaining  their  object,  they  met  an  Indian 


34 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


from  the  Iroquois  colony  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  who  assured  them 
that  they  could  there  find  guides,  and  offered  to  conduct  them  thence. , 

On  their  way  they  passed  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  when  they 
heard  for  the  first  time  the  distant  thunder  of  the  cataract.     Arri\'ing 


^Q^H.^0^ 


IKOyUOlS    CUllit'. 

among  the  Iroquois,  they  met  with  a  friendly  reception,  and  learned 
from  a  Shawanee  prisoner  that  they  could  reach  the  Ohio  in  six  weeks. 
Delighted  with  the  unexpected  good  fortune,  they  made  ready  to  resume 
their  journey ;  but  just  as  they  were  about  to  start  they  heard  of  the 
arrival  of  two  Frenchmen  in  a  neighboring  village.  One  of  them  proved 
to  be  Louis  Joliet,  afterwards  famous  as  an  explorer  in  ths  West.     He 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  36 

had  been  sent  by  the  Canadian  Government  to  explore  the  copper  mines 
on  Lake  Superior,  but  had  failed,  and  was  on  his  way  back  to  Quebec. 
He  gave  the  missionaries  a  map  of  the  country  he  had  explored  in  the 
lake  region,  together  with  an  account  of  the  condition  of  the  Indians  in 
that  quarter.  This  induced  the  priests  to  determine  on  leaving  the 
expedition  and  going  to  Lake  Superior.  LaSalle  warned  them  that  the 
Jesuits  were  probably  occupying  that  field,  and  that  they  would  meet 
with  a  cold  reception.  Nevertheless  they  persisted  in  their  purpose,  and 
after  worship  on  the  lake  shore,  parted  from  LaSalle.  On  arriving  at 
Lake  Superior,  they  found,  as  LaSalle  had  predicted,  the  Jesuit  Fathers, 
Marquette  and  Dablon,  occupying  the  field. 

These  zealous  disciples  of  Loyola  informed  them  that  they  wanted 
no  assistance  from  St.  Sulpice,  nor  from  those  who  made  him  their  patron 
saint ;  and  thus  repulsed,  they  returned  to  Montreal  the  following  June 
without  having  made  a  single  discovery  or  converted  a  single  Indian. 

After  parting  with  the  priests,  LaSalle  went  to  the  chief  Iroquois 
village  at  Onondaga,  where  he  obtained  guides,  and  passing  thence  to  a 
tributary  of  the  Ohio  south  of  Lake  Erie,  he  descended  the  latter  as  far 
as  the  falls  at  Louisville.  Thus  was  the  Ohio  discovered  by  LaSalle,  the 
persevering  and  successful  French  explorer  of  the  "West,  in  1669. 

The  account  of  the  latter  part  of  his  journey  is  found  in  an  anony- 
mous paper,  which  purports  to  have  been  taken  from  the  lips  of  LaSalle 
himself  during  a  subsequent  visit  to  Paris.  In  a  letter  written  to  Count 
Frontenac  in  1667,  shortly  after  the  discovery,  he  himself  says  that  he 
discovered  the  Ohio  and  descended  it  to  the  falls.  This  was  regarded  as 
an  indisputable  fact  by  the  French  authorities,  who  claimed  the  Ohio 
Valley  upon  another  ground.  When  Washington  was  sent  by  the  colony 
of  Virginia  in  1753,  to  demand  of  Gordeur  de  St.  Pierre  why  the  French 
had  built  a  fort  on  the  Monongahela,  the  haughty  commandant  at  Quebec 
replied  :  "  "We  claim  the  country  on  the  Ohio  by  virtue  of  the  discoveries 
of  LaSalle,  and  will  not  give  it  up  to  the  English.  Our  orders  are  to 
make  prisoners  of  every  Englishman  found  trading  in  the  Ohio  Valley." 

ENGLISH  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SETTLEMENTS. 

"When  the  new  year  of  1750  broke  in  upon  the  Father  of  Waters 
and  the  Great  Northwest,  all  was  still  wild  save  at  the  French  posts 
already  described.  In  1749,  when  the  English  first  began  to  think  seri- 
ously about  sending  men  into  the  "West,  the  greater  portion  of  the  States 
of  Indiana,  Ohio,  Illinois,  Michigan,  "Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota  were  yet 
under  the  dominion  of  the  red  men.    The  English  knew,  however,  pretty 


36  THE   NOETHWEST   TERRITORY. 

conclusively  of  the  nature  of- the  wealth  of  these  wilds.  As  early  as 
1710,  Governor  Spotswood,  of  Virginia,  had  commenced  movements  tO' 
secure  the  country  west  of  the  Alleghenies  to  the  English  crown.  In 
Pennsylvania,  Governor  Keith  and  James  Logan,  secretary  of  the  prov- 
ince, from  1719  to  1731,  represented  to  the  powers  of  England  the  neces- 
sity of  securing  the  Western  lands.  Nothing  was  done,  however,  by  that 
power  save  to  take  some  diplomatic  steps  to  secure  the  claims  of  Britain 
to  this  unexplored  wilderness. 

Ensfland  had  from  the  outset  claimed  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
on  the  ground  that  the  discovery  of  the  seacoast  and  its  possession  was  a 
discovery  and  possession  of  the  country,  and,  as  is  well  known,  her  grants- 
to  the  colonies  extended  "  from  sea  to  sea."  This  was  not  all  her  claim. 
She  had  purchased  from  the  Indian  tribes  large  tracts  of  land.  This  lat- 
ter was  also  a  strong  argument.  As  early  as  1684,  Lord  H  oward,  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  held  a  treaty  with  the  six  nations.  These  were  the 
great  Northern  Confederacy,  and  comprised  at  first  the  Mohawks,  Onei- 
das,  Onondagas,  Cayugas,  and  Senecas.  Afterward  the  Tuscaroras  were 
taken  into  the  confederacy,  and  it  became  known  as  the  Six  Nations. 
They  came  under  the  protection  of  the  mother  country,  and  again  in 
1701,  they  repeated  the  agreement,  and  in  September,  1726,  a  formal  deed 
was  drawn  up  and  signed  by  the  chiefs.  The  validity  of  this  claim  has. 
often  been  disputed,  but  never  successfully.  In  1744,  a  purchase  was 
made  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  of  certain  lands  within  the  "  Colony  of 
Virginia,"  for  which  the  Indians  received  £200  in  gold  and  a  like  sum  in 
goods,  with  a  promise  that,  as  settlements  increased,  more  should  be  paid. 
The  Commissioners  from  Virginia  were  Colonel  Thomas  Lee  and  Colonel 
William  Beverly.  As  settlements  extended,  the  promise  of  more  pay  was 
called  to  mind,  and  Mr.  Conrad  Weiser  was  sent  across  the  mountains  with 
presents  to  appease  the  savages.  Col.  Lee,  and  some  Virginians  accompa- 
nied him  with  the  intention  of  sounding  the  Indians  upon  their  feelings 
regarding  the  English.  They  were  not  satisfied  with  their  treatment, 
and  plainly  told  the  Commissioners  why.  The  English  did  not  desire  the 
cultivation  of  the  country,  but  the  monopoly  of  the  Indian  trade.  In 
1748,  the  Ohio  Company  was  formed,  and  petitioned  the  king  for  a  grant 
of  land  beyond  the  Alleghenies.  This  was  granted,  and  the  government 
of  Virginia  was  ordered  to  grant  to  them  a  half  million  acres,  two  hun- 
dred thousand  of  which  were  to  be  located  at  once.  Upon  the  12th  of 
June,  1749,  800,000  acres  from  the  line  of  Canada  north  and  west  was 
made  to  the  Loyal  Company,  and  on  the  29th  of  October,  1751,  100,000 
acres  were  given  to  the  Greenbriar  Company.  All  this  time  the  French 
were  not  idle.  They  saw  that,  should  the  British  gain  a  foothold  in  the 
West,  especially  upon  the  Ohio,  they  might  not  only  prevent  the  French 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY,  37 

settling  upon  it,  but  in  time  would  come  to  the  lower  posts  and  so  gain 
possession  of  the  whole  country.  Upon  the  10th  of  May,  1774,  Vaud- 
reuil.  Governor  of  Canada  and  the  French  possessions,  well  knowino-  the 
consequences  that  must  arise  from  allowing  the  English  to  build  trading 
posts  in  the  Northwest,  seized  some  of  their  frontier  posts,  and  to  further 
secure  the  claim  of  the  French  to  the  West,  he,  in  1749,  sent  Louis  Cel- 
'  eron  with  a  party  of  soldiers  to  plant  along  the -Ohio  River,  in  the  mounds 
and  at  the  mouths  of  its  principal  tributaries,  plates  of  lead,  on  which 
were  inscribed  the  claims  of  France.  These  were  heard  of  in  1752,  and 
within  the  memory  of  residents  now  living  along  the  "■  Oyo,"  as  the 
beautiful  river  was  called  by  the  French.  One  of  these  plates  was  found 
with  the  inscription  partly  defaced.  It  bears  date  August  16,  1749,  and 
a  copy  of  the  inscription  with  particular  account  of  the  discovery  of  the 
plate,  was  sent  by  DeWitt  Clinton  to  the  American  Antiquarian  Society, 
among  whose  journals  it  may  now  be  found.*  These  measures  did  not, 
however,  deter  the  English  from  going  on  with  their  explorations,  and 
though  neither  party  resorted  to  arms,  yet  the  conflict  was  gathering,  and 
it  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  storm  would  burst  upon  the 
frontier  settlements.  In  1750,  Christopher  Gist  was  sent  by  the  Ohio 
Company  to  examine  its  lands.  He  went  to  a  village  of  the  Twigtwees, 
on  the  Miami,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  above  its  mouth.  He 
afterward  spoke  of  it  as  very  populous.  From  there  he  went  down 
the  Ohio  River  nearly  to  the  falls  at  the  present  City  of  Louisville, 
and  in  November  he  commenced  a  survey  of  the  Company's  lands.  Dur- 
ing the  Winter,  General  Andrew  Lewis  performed  a  similar  work  for  the 
Greenbriar  Company.  Meanwhile  the  French  were  busy  in  preparing 
their  forts  for  defense,  and  in  opening  roads,  and  also  sent  a  small  party 
of  soldiers  to  keep  the  Ohio  clear.  This  party,  having  heard  of  the  Eng- 
lish post  on  the  Miami  River,  early  in  1652,  assisted  by  the  Ottawas  and 
Chippewas,  attacked  it,  and,  after  a  severe  battle,  in  which  fourteen  of 
the  natives  were  killed  and  others  wounded,  captured  the  garrison. 
(They  were  probably  garrisoned  in  a  block  house).  The  traders  were 
carried  away  to  Canada,  and  one  account  says  several  were  burned.  This 
fort  or  post  was  called  by  the  English  Pickawillany.  A  memorial  of  the 
king's  ministers  refers  to  it  as  "  Pickawillanes,  in  the  center  of  the  terri- 
tory between  the  Ohio  and  the  Wabash.  The  name  is  probably  some 
variation  of  Pickaway  or  Picqua  in  1773,  written  by  Rev.  David  Jones 
Pickaweke." 

■•  The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  inscription  on  the  plate:  "In  the  year  1749.  reign  of  Louis  XV., 
King  of  France,  we,  Celeron,  commandant  of  a  detachment  by  Monsieur  the  Marquis  of  Gallisoniere,  com- 
mander-in-chief of  New  France,  to  establish  tranquility  in  certain  Indian  villages  of  these  cantons,  liave 
buried  this  plate  at  the  confluence  of  the  Toradakoin,  this  twenty-  ninth  of  July,  near  the  river  Ohio,  otherwise 
Beautiful  River,  as  a  monument  of  renewal  of  possession  which  we  have  taken  of  the  said  river,  and  all  its 
tributaries;  inasmuch  as  the  preceding  Kings  of  France  have  enjoyed  it,  and  maintained  it  by  their  arms  and 
treaties;  especially  by  those  of  Ryswick,  Utrecht,  and  Aix  La  Chapelle." 


88  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRlTOEl. 

This  was  the  first  bloodshed  between  tlie  French  and  English,  and 
occurred  near  the  present  City  of  Piqua,  Ohio,  or  at  least  at  a  point  about 
forty-seven  miles  north  of  Dayton.  Each  nation  became  now  more  inter- 
ested in  the  progress  of  events  in  the  Northwest.  The  English  deter- 
mined to  purchase  from  the  Indians  a  title  to  the  lands  they  wished  to 
occupy,  and  Messrs.  Fry  (afterward  Commander-in-chief  over  Washing- 
ton at  the  commencement  of  the  French  War  of  1775-1763),  Lomax  and 
Patton  were  sent  in  the  Spring  of  1752  to  hold  a  conference  with  the 
natives  at  Logstown  to  learn  what  they  objected  to  in  the  treaty  of  Lan- 
caster already  noticed,  and  to  settle  all  difQculties.  On  the  9th  of  June, 
these  Commissioners  met  the  red  men  at  Logstown,  a  little  village  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Ohio,  about  seventeen  miles  below  the  site  of  Pitts- 
burgh. Here  had  been  a  trading  point  for  many  years,  but  it  was  aban- 
doned by  the  Indians  in  1750.  At  first  the  Indians  declined  to  recognize 
the  treaty  of  Lancaster,  but,  the  Commissioners  taking  aside  Montour, 
the  interpreter,  who  was  a  son  of  the  famous  Catharine  Montour,  and  a 
chief  among  the  six  nations,  induced  him  to  use  his  influence  in  their 
favor.  This  he  did,  and  upon  the  I3th  of  June  they  all  united  in  signing 
a  deed,  confirming  the  Lancaster  treaty  in  its  full  extent,  consenting  to  a 
settlement  of  the  southeast  of  the  Ohio,  and  guaranteeing  that  it  should 
not  be  disturbed  by  them.  These  were  the  means  used  to  obtain  the  first 
treaty  with  the  Indians  in  the  Ohio  Valley. 

Meanwhile  the  powers  beyond  the  sea  were  trying  to  out-manoeuvre 
each  other,  and  were  professing  to  be  at  peace.  The  English  generally 
outwitted  the  Indians,  and  failed  in  many  instances  to  fulfill  their  con- 
tracts. They  thereb}'  gained  the  ill-will  of  the  red  men,  and  further 
increased  the  feeling  by  failing  to  provide  them  with  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion. Said  an  old  chief,  at  Easton,  in  1758 :  "  The  Indians  on  the  Ohio 
left  you  because  of  your  own  fault.  When  we  heard  the  French  were 
coming,  we  asked  you  for  help  and  arms,  but  we  did  not  get  them.  The 
French  came,  they  treated  us  kindly,  and  gained  our  affections.  The 
Governor  of  Virginia  settled  on  our  lands  for  his  own  benefit,  and,  when 
we  wanted  help,  forsook  us."' 

At  the  beginning  of  1653,  the  English  thought  they  had  secured  by 
title  the  lands  in  the  West,  but  the  French  had  quietly  gathered  cannon 
and  military  stores  to  be  in  readiness  for  the  expected  blow.  The  Eng- 
lish made  other  attempts  to  ratify  these  existing  treaties,  but  not  until 
the  Summer  could  the  Indians  be  gathered  together  to  discuss  the  plans 
of  the  French.  They  had  sent  messages  to  the  French,  warning  them 
away ;  but  they  replied  that  they  intended  to  complete  the  chain  of  forts 
already  begun,  and  would  not  abandon  the  field. 

Soon  after  this,  no  satisfaction  being  obtained  from  the  Ohio  regard- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  39 

ing  the  positions  and  purposes  of  the  French,  Governor  Dinwiddie  of 
Virginia  determined  to  send  to  them  another  messenger  and  learn  from 
them,  if  possible,  their  intentions.  '  For  this  purpose  he  selected  a  young 
man,  a  surveyor,  who,  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen,  had.  received  the  rank 
of  major,  and  who  was  thoroughly  posted  regarding  frontier  life.  This 
personage  was  no  other  than  the  illustrious  George  Washington,  wlio  then 
held  considerable  interest  in  Western  lands.  He  was  at  this  time  just 
twenty-two  years  of  age.  Taking  Gist  as  his  guide,  the  two,  accompanied 
by  four  servitors,  set  out  on  their  perilous  march.  They  left  Will's 
Creek  on  the  10th  of  November,  1753,  and  on  the  22d  reached  the  Monon- 
gahela,  about  ten  miles  above  the  fork.  From  there  they  went  to 
Logstown,  where  Washington  had  a  long  conference  with  the  chiefs  of 
the  Six  Nations.  From  them  he  learned  the  condition  of  the  French,  and 
also  heard  of  their  determination  not  to  come  down  the  river  till  the  fol- 
lowing Spring.  The  Indians  were  non-committal,  as  they  were  afraid  to 
turn  either  way,  and,  as  far  as  they  could,  desired  to  remain  neutral. 
Washington,  finding  nothing  could  be  done  with  them,  went  on  to 
Venango,  an  old  Indian  town  at  the  mouth  of  French  Creek.  Here  the 
French  had  a  fort,  called  Fort  Machault.  Through  the  rum  and  flattery 
of  the  French,  he  nearly  lost  all  his  Indian  followers.  Finding  nothing 
of  importance  here,  he  pursued  his  way  amid  great  privations,  and  on  the 
11th  of  December  reached  the  fort  at  the  head  of  French  Creek.  Here 
he  delivered  Governor  Dinwiddle's  letter,  received  his  answer,  took  his 
observations,  and  on  the  16th  set  out  upon  his  return  journey  with  no  one 
but  Gist,  his  guide,  and  a  few  Indians  who  still  remained  true  to  him, 
notwithstanding  the  endeavors  of  the  French  to  retain  them.  Their 
homeward  journey  was  one  of  great  peril  and  suffering  from  the  cold,  yet 
they  reached  home  in  safety  on  the  6th  of  January,  1754. 

From  the  letter  of  St.  Pierre,  commander  of  the  French  fort,  sent  by 
Washington  to  Governor  Dinwiddie,  it  was  learned  that  the  French  would 
not  give  up  without  a  struggle.  Active  preparations  were  at  once  made 
in  all  the  English  colonies  for  the  coming  conflict,  while  the  French 
finished  the  fort  at  Venango  and  strengthened  their  lines  of  fortifications, 
and  gathered  their  forces  to  be  in  readiness. 

The  Old  Dominion  was  all  alive.  Virginia  was  the  center  of  great 
activities  ;  volunteers  were  called  for,  and  from  all  the  -  neighboring 
colonies  men  rallied  to  the  conflict,  and  everywhere  along  the  Potomac 
men  were  enlisting  under  the  Governor's  proclamation — which  promised 
two  hundred  thousand  acres  on  the  Ohio.  Along  this  river  they  were 
gathering  as  far  as  Will's  Creek,  and  far  beyond  this  point,  whither  Trent 
had  come  for  assistance  for  his  little  band  of  forty-one  men,  Avho  were 


40  THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

working  away  in  hunger  and  Avant,  to  fortify  that  point  at  the  fork   of 
the  Ohio,  to  which  both  parties  were  looking  with  deep  interest. 

"  The  first  birds  of  Spring  filled'  the  air  with  their  song;  the  sWift 
river  rolled  by  the  Allegheny  hillsides,  swollen  by  the  melting  snows  of 
Spring  and  the  April  showers.  The  leaves  were  appearing  ;  a  few  Indian 
scouts  were  seen,  but  no  enemy  seemed  near  at  hand  ;  and  all  was  so  quiet, 
that  Frazier,  an  old  Indian  scout  and  trader,  who  had  been  left  by  Trent 
in  command,  ventured  to  his  home  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  Creek,  ten 
miles  up  the  Monongahela.  But,  though  all  was  so  quiet  in  that  wilder- 
ness, keen  eyes  had  seen  the  low  intrenchment  rising  at  the  fork,  and 
swift  feet  had  borne  the  news  of  it  up  the  river  ;  and  upon  the  morning 
of  the  17th  of  April,  Ensign  Ward,  who  then  had  charge  of  it,  saw 
upon  the  Allegheny  a  sight  that  made  his  heart  sink — sixty  batteaux  and 
three  hundred  canoes  filled  with  men,  and  laden  deep  with  cannon  and 
stores.  *  *  *  That  evening  he  supped  with  his  captor,  Contrecoeur, 
and  the  next  day  he  was  bowed  off  by  the  Frenchman,  and  with  his  men 
and  tools,  marched  up  the  Monongahela." 

The  French  and  Indian  war  had  begun.  The  treaty  of  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  in  1748,  had  left  the  boundaries  between  the  French  and 
English  possessions  unsettled,  and  the  events  already  narrated  show  the 
French  were  determined  to  hold  the  country  watered  b}^  the  Mississippi 
and  its  tributaries  ;  while  the  English  laid  claims  to  the  country  by  virtue 
of  the  discoveries  of  the  Cabots,  and  claimed  all  the  country  from  New- 
foundland to  Florida,  extending  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  The 
first  decisive  blow  had  now  been  struck,  and  the  first  attempt  of  the 
English,  through  the  Ohio  Company,  to  occupy  these  lands,  had  resulted 
disastrously  to  them.  The  French  and  Indians  immediately  completed 
the  fortifications  begun  at  the  Fork,  which  they  had  so  easily  captured, 
and  when  completed  gave  to  the  fort  the  name  of  DuQuesne.  Washing- 
ton was  at  Will's  Creek  when  the  news  of  the  capture  of  the  fort  arrived. 
He  at  once  departed  to  recapture  it.  On  his  way  he  entrenched  him- 
self at  a  place  called  the  "  Meadows,"  where  he  erected  a  fort  called 
by  him  Fort  Necessity.  From  there  he  surprised  and  captured  a  force  of 
French  and  Indians  marching  against  him,  but  was  soon  after  attacked 
in  his  fort  b}^  a  much  superior  force,  and  was  obliged  to  yield  on  the 
morning  of  July  4th.     He  was  allowed  to  return  to  Virginia. 

The  English  Government  immediately  planned  four  campaigns ;  one 
against  Fort  DuQuesne  ;  one  against  Nova  Scotia ;  one  against  Fort 
Niagara,  and  one  against  Crown  Point.  These  occurred  during  1755-6, 
and  were  not  successful  in  driving  the  French  from  their  possessions. 
The  expedition  against  Fort  DuQuesne  was  led  by  the  famous  General 
Braddock,  who,  refusing  to  listen  to  the  advice  of  Washington  and  those 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  41 

acquainted  with  Indian  warfare,  suffered  such  an  inglorious  defeat.  This 
occurred  on  the  morning  of  July  9th,  and  is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  Monongahela,  or  "  Braddock's  Defeat." .  The  war  continued  with 
various  vicissitudes  through  the  years  1756-7  ;  when,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  1758,  in  accordance  with  the  plans  of  William  Pitt,  then  Secre- 
tary of  State,  afterwards  Lord  Chatham,  active  preparations  were  made  to 
carry  on  the  war.  Three  expeditions  were  planned  for  this  year :  one, 
under  General  Amherst,  against  Louisburg  ;  another,  under  Abercrombie, 
against  Fort  Ticonderoga  ;  and  a  third,  under  General  Forbes,  against 
Fort  DuQuesne.  On  the  26th  of  July,  Louisburg  surrendered  after  a 
desperate  resistance  of  more  than  forty  days,  and  the  eastern  part  of  the 
Canadian  possessions  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British.  Abercrombie 
captured  Fort  Frontenac,  and  when  the  expedition  against  Fort  DuQuesne, 
of  which  Washington  had  the  active  command,  arrived  there,  it  was 
found  in  flames  and  deserted.  The  English  at  once  took  possession, 
rebuilt  the  fort,  and  in  honor  of  their  illustrious  statesman,  changed  the 
name  to  Fort  Pitt. 

The  great  object  of  the  campaign  of  1759,  was  the  reduction  of 
Canada.  General  Wolfe  was  to  lay  siege  to  Quebec  ;  Amherst  was  to 
reduce  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and  General  Prideaux  was  to 
capture  Niagara.  This  latter  place  was  taken  in  July,  but  the  gallant 
Prideaux  lost  his  life  in  the  attempt.  Amherst  captured  Ticonderoga 
and  Crown  Point  without  a  blow  ;  and  Wolfe,  after  making  the  memor- 
able ascent  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  on  September  13th,  defeated 
Montcalm,  and  on  the  18th,  the  city  capitulated.  In  this  engagement 
Montcolm  and  Wolfe  both  lost  their  lives.  De  Levi,  Montcalm's  successor, 
marched  to  Sillery,  three  miles  above  the  city,  with  the  purpose  of 
defeating  the  English,  and  there,  on  the  28th  of  the  following  April,  was 
fought  one  of  the  bloodiest  battles  of  the  French  and  Indian  War.  It 
resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the  French,  and  the  fall  of  the  City  of  Montreal. 
The  Governor  signed  a  capitulation  by  which  the  whole  of  Canada  was 
surrendered  to  the  English.  This  practically  concluded  the  war,  but  it 
was  not  until  1763  that  the  treaties  of  peace  between  France  and  England 
were  signed.  This  was  done  on  the  10th  of  February  of  that  year,  and 
under  its  provisions  all  the  country  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of 
the  Iberville  River,  in  Louisiana,  were  ceded  to  England.  At  the  same 
time  Spain  ceded  Florida  to  Great  Britain, 

On  the  13th  of  September,  1760,  Major  Robert  Rogers  was  sent 
from  Montreal  to  take  charge  of  Detroit,  the  only  remaining  French  post 
in  the  territory.  He  arrived  there  on  the  19th  of  November,  and  sum- 
moned the  place  to  surrender.  At  first  the  commander  of  the  post, 
Beletre.  refused,  but  on  the  29th,  hearing  of  the  continued  defeat  of  the 


42  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

French  arms,  surrendered.  Rogers  remained  there  until  December  23d 
under  the  personal  protection  of  the  celebrated  chief,  Pontiac,  to  whom, 
no  doubt,  he  owed  his  safety.  Pontiac  had  come  here  to  inquire  the 
purposes  of  the  English  in  taking  possession  of  the  country.  He  was 
assured  that  they  came  simply  to  trade  with  the  natives,  and  did  not 
desire  their  country.  This  'answer  conciliated  the  savages,  and  did  much 
to  insure  the  safety  of  Rogers  and  his  party  during  their  stay,  and  while 
on  their  journey  home. 

'  Rogers  set  out  for  Fort  Pitt  on  December  23,  and  was  just  one 
month  on  the  way.  His  route  was  from  Detroit  to  Maumee,  thence 
across  the  present  State  of  Ohio  directly  to  the  fort.  This  was  the  com- 
mon trail  of  the  Indians  in  their  journeys  from  Sandusky  to  the  fork  of 
the  Ohio.  It  went  from  Fort  Sandusky,  where  Sandusky  City  now  is, 
crossed  the  Huron  river,  then  called  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  to  "  Mohickon 
John's  Town"'  on  Mohickon  Creek,  the  northern  branch  of  White 
Woman's  River,  and  thence  crossed  to  Beaver's  Town,  a  Delaware  town 
on  what  is  now  Sandy  Creek.  At  Beaver's  Town  were  probably  one 
hundred  and  fifty  warriors,  and  not  less  than  three  thousand  acres  of 
cleared  land.  From  there  the  track  went  up  Sandy  Creek  to  and  across 
Big  Beaver,  and  up  the  Ohio  to  Logstown,  thence  on  to  the  fork. 

The  Northwest  Territory  was  now  entirely  under  the  English  rule. 
New  settlements  began  to  be  rapidly  made,  and  the  promise  of  a  large 
trade  was  speedily  manifested.  Had  the  British  carried  out  their  promises 
with  the  natives  none  of  those  savage  butcheries  would  have  been  perpe- 
trated, and  the  country  would  have  been  spared  their  recital. 

The  renowned  chief,  Pontiac,  was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  these 
atrocities.  We  will  now  pause  in  our  narrative,  and  notice  the  leading 
events  in  his  life.  The  earliest  authentic  information  regarding  this 
noted  Indian  chief  is  learned  from  an  account  of  an  Indian  trader  named 
Alexander  Henry,  who,  in  the  Spring  of  1761,  penetrated  his  domains  as 
far  as  Missillimacnac.  Pontiac  was  then  a  great  friend  of  the  French, 
but  a  bitter  foe  of  the  English,  whom  he  considered  as  encroaching  on  his 
hunting  grounds.  Henry  was  obliged  to  disguise  himself  as  a  Canadian 
to  insure  safety,  but  was  discovered  by  Pontiac,  who  bitterly  reproached 
him  and  the  English  for  their  attempted  subjugation  of  the  West.  He 
declared  that  no  treaty  had  been  made  with  them ;  no  presents  sent 
them,  and  that  he  would  resent  any  possession  of  the  West  by  that  nation. 
He  was  at  the  time  about  fifty  years  of  age,  tall  and  dignified,  and  was 
civil  and  militai'y  ruler  of  the  Ottawas,  Ojibwas  and  Pottawatamies. 

The  Indians,  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  borders  of  North  Carolina, 
were  united  in  this  feeling,  and  at  the  time  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  ratified 
February  10,  1763,  a   general  conspiracy  was  formed  to  fall  suddenly 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOKY. 


4:3 


PONTIAC,  THE  OTTAWA  CHIEFTAIN. 


44  THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

upon  the  frontier  British  posts,  and  with  one  blow  strike  every  man  dead. 
Pontiac  was  the  marked  leader  in  all  this,  and  was  the  commander 
of  the  Chippewas,  Ottawas,  Wyandots,  Miamis,  Shawanese,  Delawares 
and  Mingoes,  who  had,  for  the  time,  laid  aside  their  local  quarrels  to  unite 
in  this  enterprise. 

The  blow  came,  as  near  as  can  now  be  ascertained,  on  May  7,  1768. 
Nine  British  posts  fell,  and  the  Indians  drank,  "  scooped  up  in  the  hollow 
of  joined  hands,"  the  blood  of  many  a  Briton. 

Pontiac's  immediate  field  of  action  was  the  garrison  at  Detroit. 
Here,  however,  the  plans  were  frustrated  by  an  Indian  woman  disclosing 
the  plot  the  evening  previous  to  his  arrival.  Everything  was  carried  out, 
however,  according  to  Pontiac's  plans  until  the  moment  of  action,  when 
Major  Gladwyn,  the  commander  of  the  post,  stepping  to  one  of  the  Indian 
chiefs,  suddenly  drew  aside^his  blanket  and  disclosed  the  concealed 
musket.  Pontiac,  though  a  brave  man,  turned  pale  and  trembled.  He 
saw  his  plan  was  known,  knd  that  the  garrison  were  prepared.  He 
endeavored  to  exculpate  himself  from  any  such  intentions  ;  but  the  guilt 
was  evident,  and  he  and  his  followers  were  dismissed  with  a  sever© 
reprimand,  and  warned  never  to  again  enter  the  walls  of  the  post. 

Pontiac  at  once  laid  siege  to  the  fort,  and  until  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  British  and  the  Western  Indians,  concluded  in  August,  1764, 
continued  to  harass  and  besiege  the  fortress.  He  organized  a  regular 
commissariat  department,  issued  bills  of  credit  written  out  on  bark, 
which,  to  his  credit,  it  may  be  stated,  were  punctually  redeemed.  At 
the  conclusion  of  the  treaty,  in  which  it  seems  he  took  no  part,  he  went 
further  south,  living  many  years  among  the  Illinois. 

He  had  given  up  all  hope  of  saving  his  country  and  race.  After  a 
time  he  endeavored  to  unite  the  Illinois  tribe  and  those  about  St.  Louis 
in  a  war  with  the  whites.  His  efforts  were  fruitless,  and  only  ended  in  a 
quarrel  between  himself  and  some  Kaskaskia  Indians,  one  of  whom  soon 
afterwards  killed  him.  His  death  was,  however,  avenged  by  the  northern 
Indians,  who  nearly  exterminated  the  Illinois  in  the  wars  which  followed. 

Had  it  not  been  for  the  treachery  of  a  few  of  his  followers,  his  plan 
for  the  extermination  of  the  whites,  a  masterly  one,  would  undoubtedly 
have  been  carried  out. 

It  was  in  the  Spring  of  the  year  following  Rogers'  visit  that  Alex- 
ander Henry  went  to  Missillimacnac,  and  everywhere  found  the  strongest 
feelings  against  the  English,  who  had  not  carried  out  their  promises,  and 
were  doing  nothing  to  conciliate  the  natives.  Here  he  met  the  chief, 
Pontiac,  who,  after  conveying  to  him  in  a  speech  the  idea  that  their 
French  father  would  awake  soon  and  utterly  destroy  his  enemies,  said : 
*'  Englishman,  although  you  have  conquered  the  French,  you  have  not 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  45 

yet  conquered  us  !  We  are  not  your  slaves !  These  lakes,  these  woods, 
these  mountains,  were  left  us  by  our  ancestors.  They  are  our  inheritance, 
and  we  will  part  with  them  to  none.  Your  nation  supposes  that  we,  like 
the  white  people,  can  not  live  without  bread  and  pork  and  beef.  But  you 
ought  to  know  that  He,  the  Great  Spirit  and  Master  of  Life,  has  provided 
food  for  ns  upon  these  broad  lakes  and  in  these  mountains." 

He  then  spoke  of  the  fact  that  no  treaty  had  been  made  with  them, 
110  presents  sent  them,  and  that  he  and  his  people  were  yet  for  war. 
Such  were  the  feelings  of  the  Northwestern  Indians  immediately  after 
the  English  took  possession  of  their  country.  These  feelings  were  no 
doubt  encouraged  by  the  Canadians  and  French,  who  hoped  that  yet  the 
French  arms  might  prevail.  The  treaty  of  Paris,  however,  gave  to  the 
English  the  right  to  this  vast  domain,  and  active  preparations  were  going 
on  to  occupy  it  and  enjoy  its  trade  and  emoluments. 

In  1762,  France,  by  a  secret  treaty,  ceded  Louisiana  to  Spain,  to  pre- 
vent it  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  who  were  becoming  masters 
of  the  entire  West.  The  next  year  the  treaty  of  Paris,  signed  at  Fon- 
tainbleau,  gave  to  the  English  the  domain  of  the  country  in  question. 
Twenty  years  after,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States 
and  England,  that  part  of  Canada  lying  south  and  west  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  comprehending  a  large  territory  which  is  the  subject  of  these 
sketches,  was  acknowledged  to  be  a  portion  of  the  United  States  ;  and 
twenty  j^ears  still  later,  in  1803,  Louisiana  was  ceded  by  Spain  back  to 
France,  and  by  France  sold  to  the  United  States. 

In  the  half  century,  from  the  building  of  the  Fort  of  Crevecceur  by 
LaSalle,  in  1680,  up  to  the  erection  of  Fort  Chartres,  many  French  set- 
tlements had  been  made  in  that  quarter.  These  have  already  been 
noticed,  being  those  at  St.  Vincent  (Vincennes),  Kohokia  or  Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia  and  Prairie  du  Rocher,  on  the  American  Bottom,  a  large  tract 
of  rich  alluvial  soil  in  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  the  site  of  St. 
Louis. 

By  the  treaty  of  Paris,  the  regions  east  of  the  Mississippi,  including 
all  these  and  other  towns  of  the  Northwest,  were  given  over  to  England; 
but  they  do  hot  appear  to  have  been  taken  possession  of  until  1765,  when 
Captain  Stirling,  in  the  name  of  the  Majesty  of  England,  established  him- 
self at  Fort  Chartres  bearing  with  him  the  proclamation  of  General  Gage, 
dated  December  30,  1764,  which  promised  religious  freedom  to  all  Cath- 
olics who  worshiped  here,  and  a  right  to  leave  the  country  with  their 
effects  if  they  wished,  or  to  remain  with  the  privileges  of  Englishmen. 
It  was  shortly  after  the  occupancy  of  the  West  by  the  British  that  the 
war  with  Pontiac  opened.  It  is  already  noticed  in  the  sketch  of  that 
chieftain.     By  it  many  a  Briton  lost  his  life,  and  many  a  frontier  settle- 


46  THE   NOETHAVEST   TERRITORY. 

ment  in  its  infancy  ceased  to  exist.  This  was  not  ended  until  the  year 
1764,  when,  failing  to  capture  Detroit,  Niagara  and  Fort  Pitt,  his  confed- 
eracy became  disheartened,  and,  receiving  ho  aid  from  the  French,  Pon- 
tiac  abandoned  the  enterprise  and  departed  to  the  Illinois,  among  whom 
he  afterward  lost  his  life. 

As  soon  as  these  difficulties  were  definitely  settled,  settlers  began 
rapidly  to  survey  the  country  and  prepare  for  occupation.  During  the 
year  1770,  a  number  of  persons  from  Virginia  and  other  British  provinces 
explored  and  marked  out  nearly  all  the  valuable  lands  on  the  Mononga- 
hela  and  along  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  as  far  as  the  Little  Kanawha.  This 
was  followed  by  another  exploring  expedition,  in  which  George  Washing- 
ton was  a  party.  The  latter,  accompanied  by  Dr.  Craik,  Capt.  Crawford 
and  others,  on  the  20th  of  October,  1770,  descended  the  Ohio  from  Pitts- 
burgh to  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha  ;  ascended  that  stream  about  fourteen 
miles,  marked  out  several  large  tracts  of  land,  shot  several  buffalo,  which 
were  then  abundant  in  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  returned  to  the  fort. 

Pittsburgh  was  at  this  time  a  trading  post,  about  which  was  clus- 
tered a  village  of  some  twenty  houses,  inhabited  by  Indian  traders.  This 
same  year,  Capt.  Pittman  visited  Kaskaskia  and  its  neighboring  villages. 
He  found  there  about  sixty-five  resident  families,  and  at  Cahokia  only 
forty-five  dwellings.  At  Fort  Chartres  was  another  small  settlement,  and 
at  Detroit  the  garrison  were  quite  prosperous  and  strong.  For  a  year 
or  two  settlers  continued  to  locate  near  some  of  these  posts,  generally 
Fort  Pitt  or  Detroit,  owing  to  the  fears  of  the  Indians,  who  still  main- 
tained some  feelings  of  hatred  to  the  English.  The  trade  from  the  posts 
was  quite  good,  and  from  those  in  Illinois  large  quantities  of  pork  and 
flour  found  their  way  to  the  New  Orleans  market.  At  this  time  the 
policy  of  the  British  Government  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  extension 
of  the  colonies  west.  In  1763,  the  King  of  England  forbade,  by  royal 
proclamation,  his  colonial  subjects  from  making  a  settlement  beyond  the 
sources  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  At  the  instance 
of  the  Board  of  Trade,  measures  were  taken  to  prevent  the  settlement 
without  the  limits  prescribed,  and  to  retain  the  commerce  within  easy 
reach  of  Great  Britain. 

The  commander-in-chief  of  the  king's  forces  wrote  in  1769  :  "  In  the 
course  of  a  few  years  necessity  will  compel  the  colonists,  should  they 
extend  their  settlements  west,  to  provide  manufactures  of  some  kind  for 
themselves,  and  when  all  connection  upheld  by  commerce  with  the  mother 
country  ceases,  an  independency  in  their  government  will  soon  follow." 

In  accordance  with  this  policy.  Gov.  Gage  issued  a  proclamation 
in  1772,  commanding  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes  to  abandon  their  set- 
tlements and  join  some  of  the  Eastern  English  colonies.     To  this  they 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  47 

strenuously  objected,  giving  good  reasons  therefor,  and  were  allowed  to 
remain.  The  strong  opposition  to  this  policy  of  Great  Britain  led  to  its 
change,  and  to  such  a  course  as  to  gain  the  attachment  of  the  French 
population.  In  December,  1773,  influential  citizens  of  Quebec  petitioned 
the  king  for  an  extension  of  the  boundary  lines  of  that  province,  which 
was  granted,  and  Parliament  passed  an  act  on  June  2,  177-4,  extend- 
ing the  boundary  so  as  to  include  the  territory  lying  within  the  present 
States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Michigan. 

In  consequence  of  the  liberal  policy  pursued  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment toward  the  French  settlers  in  the  West,  they  were  disposed  to  favor 
that  nation  in  the  war  which  soon  followed  with  the  colonies  ;  but  the 
early  alliance  between  France  and  America  soon  brought  them  to  the  side 
of  the  war  for  independence. 

In  1774,  Gov.  Dunmore,  of  Virginia,  began  to  encourage  emigration 
to  the  Western  lands.  He  appointed  magistrates  ,at  Fort  Pitt  under  the 
pretense  that  the  fort  was  under  the  government  of  that  commonwealth. 
One  of  these  justices,  John  Connelly,  who  possessed  a  tract  of  land  in  the 
Ohio  Valley,  gathered  a  force  of  men  and  garrisoned  the  fort,  calling  it 
Fort  Dunmore.  This  and  other  parties  were  formed  to  select  sites  for 
settlements,  and  often  came  in  conflict  with  the  Indians,  who  yet  claimed 
portions  of  the  valley,  and  several  battles  followed.  These  ended  in  the 
famous  battle  of  Kanawha  in  July,  where  the  Indians  were  defeated  and 
driven  across  the  Ohio. 

During  the  years  1775  and  1776,  by  the  operations  of  land  companies 
and  the  perseverance  of  individuals,  several  settlements  were  firmly  estab- 
lished between  the  Alleghanies  and  the  Ohio  River,  and  western  land 
speculators  were  busy  in  Illinois  and  on  the  Wabash.  At  a  council  held 
in  Kaskaskia  on  July  5,  1773,  an  association  of  English  traders,  calling 
themselves  the  "  Illinois  Land  Company,"  obtained  from  ten  chiefs  of  the 
Kaskaskia,  Cahokia  and  Peoria  tribes  two  large  tracts  of  land  lying  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  south  of  the  Illinois.  In  1775,  a  mer- 
chant from  the  Illinois  Country,  named  Viviat,  came  to  Post  Vincennes 
as  the  agent  of  the  association  called  the  "  Wabash  Land  Company."  On 
the  8th  of  October  he  obtained  from  eleven  Piankeshaw  chiefs,  a  deed  for 
37,497,600  acres  of  land.  This  deed  was  signed  by  the  grantors,  attested 
by  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes,  and  afterward  recorded  in 
the  office  of  a  notary  public  at  Kaskaskia.  This  and  other  land  com- 
panies had  extensive  schemes  for  the  colonization  of  the  West ;  but  all 
were  frustrated  by  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution.  On  the  20th  of 
April,  1780,  the  two  companies  named  consolidated  under  the  name  of  the 
"United  Illinois  and  Wabash  Land  Company."     They  afterward  made 


48  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

strenuous  efforts  to  have  these  grants  sanctioned  by  Congress,  but  all 
signally  failed. 

When  the  War  of  the  Revolution  commenced,  Kentucky  was  an  unor- 
ganized country,  though  there  were  several  settlements  within  her  borders. 

In  Hutchins'  Topography  of  Virginia,  it  is  stated  that  at  that  time 
"  Kaskaskia  contained  80  houses,  and  nearly  1,000  white  and  black  in- 
habitants —  the  whites  being  a  little  the  more  numerous.  Cahokia  con- 
tains 50  houses  and  300  white  inhabitants,  and  80  negroes.  There  M^ere 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  the  year  1771  " — when  these  observa- 
tions were  made  — "  300  white  men  capable  of  bearing  arms,  and  230 
negroes." 

From  1775  until  the  expedition  of  Clark,  nothing  is  recorded  and 
nothing  known  of  these  settlements,  save  what  is  contained  in  a  report- 
made  by  a  committee  to  Congress  in  June,  1778.  From  it  the  following 
extract  is  made : 

"  Near  the  mouth  of  the  River  Kaskaskia,  there  is  a  village  which 
appears  to  have  contained  nearly  eighty  families  from  the  beginning  of 
the  late  revolution.  There  are  twelve  families  in  a  small  village  at  la 
Prairie  du  Rochers,  and  near  fifty  families  at  the  Kahokia  Village.  There 
are  also  four  or  five  families  at  Fort  Chartres  and  St.  Philips,  which  is  five 
miles  further  up  the  river." 

St.  Louis  had  been  settled  in  February,  1764,  and  at  this  time  con- 
tained, including  its  neighboring  towns,  over  six  hundred  whites  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  negroes.  It  must  be  remembered  that  all  the  country 
west  of  the  Mississippi  Avas  now  under  French  rule,  and  remained  so  until 
ceded  again  to  Spain,  its  original  owner,  who  afterwards  sold  it  and  the 
country  including  New  Orleans  to  the  United  States.  At  Detroit  there 
were,  according  to  Capt.  Carver,  who  was  in  the  Northwest  from  1766  to 
1768,  more  than  one  hundred  houses,  and  the  river  was  settled  for  more 
than  twenty  miles,  although  poorly  cultivated — the  people  being  ^engaged 
in  the  Indian  trade.  This  old  town  has  a  history,  which  we  will  here 
relate. 

It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  Northwest,  having  been  founded  by 
Antoine  de  Lamotte  Cadillac,  in  1701.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  form  of  an 
oblong  square,  of  two  acres  in  length,  and  an  acre  and  a  half  in  width. 
As  described  by  A.  D.  Frazer,  who  first  visited  it  and  became  a  permanent 
resident  of  the  place,  in  1778,  it  comprised  within  its  limits  that  space 
between  Mr.  Palmer's  store  (Conant  Block)  and  Capt.  Perkins'  house 
(near  the  Arsenal  building),  and  extended  back  as  far  as  the  public  barn, 
and  was  bordered  in  front  by  the  Detroit  River.  It  was  surrounded  by 
oak  and  cedar  pickets,  about  fifteen  feet  long,  set  in  the  ground,  and  had 
four  gates  —  east,  west,  north  and  south.     Over  the  first  three  of  these 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  49 

gates  were  block  houses  provided  with  four  guns  apiece,  each  a  six- 
pounder.  Two  six-gun  batteries  were  planted  fronting  the  river  and  in  a 
parallel  direction  with  the  block  houses.  There  were  four  streets  running'- 
east  and  west,  the  main  street  being  twenty  feet  wide  and  the  rest  fifteen 
feet,  while  the  four  streets  crossing  these  at  right  angles  were  from  ten 
to  fifteen  feet  in  width. 

At  the  date  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Frazer,  there  was  no  fort  within  the 
enclosure,  but  a  citadel  on  the  ground  corresponding  to  the  present 
northwest  corner  of  Jefferson  Avenue  and  Wayne  Street.  The  citadel  was 
inclosed  by  pickets,  and  within  it  were  erected  barracks  of  wood,  two 
stories  high,  suflBcient  to  contain  ten  oflBcers,  and  also  barracks  sufficient 
to  contain  four  hundred  men,  and  a  provision  store  built  of  brick.  The 
citadel  also  contained  a  hospital  and  guard-house.  The  old  town  of 
Detroit,  in  1778,  contained  about  sixty  houses,  most  of  them  one  story, 
with  a  few  a  story  and  a  half  in  height.  They  were  all  of  logs,  some 
hewn  and  some  round.  There  was  one  building  of  splendid  appearance, 
called  the  "  King's  Palace,"  two  stories  high,  which  stood  near  the  east 
gate.  It  was  built  for  Governor  Hamilton,  the  fi^-st  governor  commissioned 
by  the  British.  There  were  two  guard-houses,  one  near  the  west  gate  and 
the  other  near  the  Government  House.  Each  of  the  guards  consisted  of 
twenty -four  men  and  a  subaltern,  who  mounted  regularly  every  morning 
between  nine  and  ten  o'clock.  Each  furnished  four  sentinels,  who  were 
relieved  every  two  hours.  There  was  also  an  officer  of  the  day,  who  per- 
formed strict  duty.  Each  of  the  gates  was  shut  regularly  at  sunset ; 
even  wicket  gates  were  shut  at  nine  o'clock,  and  all  the  keys  were 
delivered  into  the  hands  of  the  commanding  officer.  They  were  opened 
in  the  morning  at  sunrise.  No  Indian  or  squaw  was  permitted  to  enter 
town  with  any  weapon,  such  as  a  tomahawk  or  a  knife.  It  was  a  stand- 
ing order  that  the  Indians  should  deliver  their  arms  and  instruments  of 
every  kind  before  they  were  permitted  to  pass  the  sentinel,  and  they  were 
restored  to  them  on  their  return.  No  more  than  twenty-five  Indians  were 
allowed  to  enter  the  town  at  any  one  time,  and  they  were  admitted  only 
at  the  east  and  west  gates.  At  sundown  the  drums  beat,  and  all  the 
Indians  were  required  to  leave  town  instantly.  There  was  a  council  house 
near  the  water  side  for  the  purpose  of  holding  council  with  the  Indians. 
The  population  of  the  town  was  about  sixty  families,  in  all  about  two 
hundred  males  and  one  hundred  females.  This  town  was  destroyed  by 
fire,  all  except  one  dwelling,  in  1805.  After  which  the  present  "  new  " 
town  was  laid  out. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution,  the  British  held  every  post  of 
importance  in  the  West.  Kentucky  was  formed  as  a  component  part  of 
Virginia,  and  the  sturdy  pioneers  of  the  West,  alive  to  their  interests. 


60  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

and  recognizing  the  great  benefits  of  obtaining  the  control  of  the  trade  in 
this  part  of  the  New  Woiid,  held  steadily  to  their  purposes,  and  those 
within  the  commonwealth  of  Kentucky  proceeded  to  exercise  their 
civil  privileges,  by  electing  John  Todd  and  Richard  Gallaway^ 
burgesses  to  represent  them  in  the  Assembly  of  the  parent  state. 
Early  in  September  of  that  year  (1777)  the  first  court  was  held 
in  Harrodsburg,  and  Col.  Bowman,  afterwards  major,  who  had  arrived 
in  August,  was  made  the  commander  of  a  militia  organization  which 
had  been  commenced  the  March  previous.  Thus  the  tree  of  loyalty 
was  growing.  The  chief  spirit  in  this  far-out  colony,  who  had  represented 
her  the  year  previous  east  of  the  mountains,  was  now  meditating  a  move 
unequaled  in  its  boldness.  He  had  been  watching  the  movements  of  the 
British  throughout  the  Northwest,  and  understood  their  whole  plan.  Ht. 
saw  it  was  through  their  possession  of  the  posts  at  Detroit,  Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia,  and  other  places,  which  would  give  them  constant  and  easy 
access  to  the  various  Indian  tribes  in  the  Northwest,  that  the  British 
intended  to  penetrate  the  country  from  the  north  and  south,  and  annihi- 
late the  frontier  fortresses.  This  moving,  energetic  man  was  Colonel, 
afterwards  General,  George  Rogers  Clark.  He  knew  the  Indians  were  not 
unanimously  in  accord  with  the  English,  and  he  was  convinced  that,  could 
the  British  be  defeated  and  expelled  from  the  Northwest,  the  natives 
might  be  easily  awed  into  neutrality ;  and  by  spies  sent  for  the  purpose, 
he  satisfied  himself  that  the  enterprise  against  the  Illinois  settlements 
might  easily  succeed.  Having  convinced  himself  of  the  certainty  of  the 
project,  he  repaired  to  the  Capital  of  Virginia,  which  place  he  reached  on 
November  5th.  While  he  was  on  his  way,  fortunately,  on  October  17th, 
Burgoyne  had  been  defeated,  and  the  spirits  of  the  colonists  greatly 
encouraged  thereby.  Patrick  Henry  was  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  at 
once  entered  heartily  into  Clark's  plans.  The  same  plan  had  before  been 
agitated  in  the  Colonial  Assemblies,  but  there  was  no  one  until  Clark 
came  who  was  sufficiently  acquainted  with  the  condition  of  affairs  at  the 
scene  of  action  to  be  able  to  guide  them. 

Clark,  having  satisfied  the  Virginia  leaders  of  the  feasibility  of  his 
plan,  received,  on  the  2d  of  January,  two  sets  of  instructions — one  secret, 
the  other  open  —  the  latter  authorized  him  to  proceed  to  enlist  seven 
companies  to  go  to  Kentucky,  subject  to  his  orders,  and  to  serve  three 
months  from  their  arrival  in  the  West.  The  secret  order  authorized  him 
to  arm  these  troops,  to  procure  his  powder  and  lead  of  General  Hand 
at  Pittsburgh,  and  to  proceed  at  once  to  subjugate  the  country. 

With  these  instructions  Clark  repaired  to  Pittsburgh,  choosing  rather 
to  raise  his  men  west  of  the  mountains,  as  he  well  knew  all  were  needed 
in  the  colonies  in  the  conflict  there.     He  sent  Col.  W,  B.  Smith  to  Hoi- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  51 

ston  for  the  same  purpose,  but  neither  succeeded  in  raising  the  required 
number  of  men.  Tlie  settlers  in  these  parts  were  afraid  to  leave  their 
own  firesides  exposed  to  a  vigilant  foe,  and  but  few  could  be  induced  to 
join  the  proposed  expedition.  With  three  companies  and  several  private 
volunteers,  Clark  at  length  commenced  his  descent  of  the  Ohio,  which  he 
navigated  a^far  as  the  Falls,  where  he  took  possession  of  and  fortified 
Corn  Island,  a  small  island  between  the  present  Cities  of  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  and  New  Albany,  Indiana.  Remains  of  this  fortification  may 
yet  be  found.  At  this  place  he  appointed  Col.  Bowman  to  meet  him 
with  such  recruits  as  had  reached  Kentucky  by  the  southern  route,  and 
as  many  as  could  be  spared  from  the  station.  Here  he  announced  to 
the  men  their  real  destination.  Having  completed  his  arrangements, 
and  chosen  his  party,  he  left  a  small  garrison  upon  the  island,  and  on  the 
24th  of  June,  during  a  total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  which  to  them  augured 
no  good,  and  which  fixes  beyond  dispute  the  date  of  starting,  he  with 
his  chosen  band,  fell  down  the  river.  His  plan  was  to  go  by  water  as 
far  as  Fort  Massac  or  Massacre,  and  thence  march  direct  to  Kaskaskia. 
Here  he  intended  to  surprise  the  garrison,  and  after  its  capture  go  to 
Cahokia,  then  to  Vincennes,  and  lastly  to  Detroit.  Should  he  fail,  he 
intended  to  march  directly  to  the  Mississippi  River  and  cross  it  into  the 
Spanish  country.  Before  his  start  he  received  two  good  items  of  infor- 
mation :  one  that  the  alliance  had  been  formed  between  France  and  the 
United  States ;  and  the  other  that  the  Indians  throughout  the  Illinois 
country  and  the  inhabitants,  at  the  various  frontier  posts,  had  been  led  to 
believe  by  the  British  that  the  "  Long  Knives  "  or  Virginians,  were  the 
most  fierce,  bloodthirsty  and  cruel  savages  that  ever  scalped  a  foe.  With 
this  impression  on  their  minds,  Clark  saw  that  proper  management  would 
cause  them  to  submit  at  once  from  fear,  if  surprised,  and  then  from  grati- 
tude would  become  friendly  if  treated  with  unexpected  leniency. 

The  march  to  Kaskaskia  was  accomplished  through  a  hot  July  sun, 
and  the  town  reached  on  the  evening  of  July  4.  He  captured  the  fort 
near  the  village,  and  soon  after  the  village  itself  by  surprise,  and  without 
the  loss  of  a  single  man  or  by  killing  any  of  the  enemy.  After  sufiiciently 
working  upon  the  fears  of  the  natives,  Clark  told  them  they  were  at  per- 
fect liberty  to  worship  as  they  pleased,  and  to  take  whichever  side  of  the 
great  conflict  they  would,  also  he  would  protect  them  from  any  barbarity 
from  British  or  Indian  foe.  This  had  the  desired  effect,  and  the  inhab- 
itants, so  unexpectedly  and  so  gratefully  surprised  by  the  unlocked 
for  turn  of  affairs,  at  once  swore  allegiance  to  the  American  arms,  and  - 
when  Clark  desired  to  go  to  Cahokia  on  the  6th  of  July,  they  accom- 
panied him,  and  through  their  influence  the  inhabitants  of  the  place 
surrendered,  and  gladly  placed  themselves  under  his  protection.     Thus 


02  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

the  two  important  posts  in  Illinois  passed  from  the  hands  of  the  English 
into  the  possession  of  Virginia. 

In  the  person  of  the  priest  at  Kaskaskia,  M.  Gibault,  Clark  found  a 
powerful  ally  and  generous  friend.  Clark  saw  that,  to  retain  possession 
of  the  Northwest  and  treat  successfully  with  the  Indians  within  its  boun- 
daries, he  must  establish  a  government  for  the  colonies  he  had  taken. 
St.  Vincent,  the  next  important  post  to  Detroit, remained  yet  to  be  taken 
before  the  Mississippi  Valley  was  conquered.  M.  Gibault  told  him  that 
he  would  alone,  by  persuasion,  lead  Vincennes  to  throw  off  its  connectioa 
with  England.  Clark  gladly  accepted  his  offer,  and  on  the  14th  of  July, 
in  company  with  a  fellow-townsman,  M.  Gibault  started  on  his  mission  of 
peace,  and  on  the  1st  of  August  returned  with  the  cheerful  intelligence 
that  the  post  on  the  "  Oubache  "  had  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  Old  Dominion.  During  this  interval,  Clark  established  his  courts^ 
placed  garrisons  at  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  successfully  re-enlisted  his 
men,  sent  word  to  have  a  fort,  which  proved  the  germ  of  Louisville^ 
erected  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  dispatched  Mr.  Rocheblave,  who 
had  been  commander  at  Kaskaskia,  as  a  prisoner  of  war  to  Richmond. 
In  October  the  County  of  Illinois  was  established  by  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia,  John  Todd  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Civil  Governor, 
and  in  November  General  Clark  and  his  men  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Old  Dominion  through  their  Legislature. 

In  a  speech  a  few  days  afterward,  Clark  made  known  fully  to  the 
natives  his  plans,  and  at  its  close  all  came  forward  and  swore  alle- 
giance to  the  Long  Knives.  While  he  was  doing  this  Governor  Hamilton, 
having  made  his  various  arrangements,  had  left  Detroit  and  moved  down 
the  Wabash  to  Vincennes  intending  to  operate  from  that  point  in  reducing 
the  Illinois  posts,  and  then  proceed  on  down  to  Kentucky  and  drive  the 
rebels  from  the  West.  Gen.  Clark  had,  on  the  return  of  M.  Gibault, 
dispatched  Captain  Helm,  of  Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  with  an  attend- 
ant named  Henry,  across  the  Illinois  prairies  to  command  the  fort. 
Hamilton  knew  nothing  of  the  capitulation  of  the  post,  and  was  greatly 
surprised  on  his  arrival  to  be  confronted  by  Capt.  Helm,  who,  standing  at 
the  entrance  of  the  fort  by  a  loaded  cannon  ready  to  fire  upon  his  assail- 
ants, demanded  upon  what  terms  Hamilton  demanded  possession  of  the 
fort.  Being  granted  the  rights  of  a  prisoner  of  war,  he  surrendered  to 
the  British  General,  who  could  scarcely  believe  his  eyes  when  he  saw  the 
force  in  the  garrison. 

Hamilton,  not  realizing  the  character  of  the  men  with  whom  he  was 
contending,  gave  up  his  intended  campaign  for  the  Winter,  sent  his  four 
hundred  Indian  warriors  to  prevent  troops  from  coming  down  the  Ohio, 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  53 

and  to  annoy  the  Americans  in  oil  ways,  and  sat  quietly  down  to  pass  the 
Winter.  Information  of  all  these  proceedings  having  reached  Clark,  he 
saw  that  immediate  and  decisive  action  was  necessary,  and  that  unless 
he  captnred  Hamilton,  Hamilton  would  capture  him.  Clark  received  the 
news  on  the  29th  of  January,  1779,  and  on  February  4th,  having  suffi- 
ciently garrisoned  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  he  sent  down  the  Mississippi 
a  "  battoe,"  as  Major  Bowman  writes  it,  in  order  to  ascend  the  Ohio  and 
Wabash,  and  operate  with  the  land  forces  gathering  for  the  fray. 

On  the  next  day,  Clark,  with  his  little  force  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  men,  set  out  for  the  post,  and  after  incredible  hard  marching 
through  much  mud,  the  ground  being  thawed  by  the  incessant  spring 
rains,  on  the  22d  reached  the  fort,  and  being  joined  by  his  "  battoe,"'  at 
once  commenced  the  attack  on  the  post.  The  aim  of  the  American  back- 
woodsman was  unerring,  and  on  the  24th  the  garrison  surrendered  to  the 
intrepid  boldness  of  Clark.  The  French  were  treated  with  great  kind- 
ness, and  gladly  renewed  their  allegiance  to  Virginia.  Hamilton  was 
sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Virginia,  where  he  was  kept  in  close  confinement. 
During  his  command  of  the  British  frontier  posts,  he  had  offered  prizes 
to  the  Indians  for  all  the  scalps  of  Americans  they  would  bring  to  him, 
and  had  earned  in  consequence  thereof  the  title  "  Hair-buyer  General," 
by  which  he  was  ever  afterward  known. 

Detroit  was  now  without  doubt  within  easy  reach  of  the  enterprising 
Virginian,  could  he  but  raise  the  necessary  force.  Governor  Henry  being 
apprised  of  this,  promised  him  the  needed  reinforcement,  and  Clark  con- 
cluded to  wait  until  he  could  capture  and  sufficiently  garrison  the  posts. 
Had  Clark  failed  in  this  bold  undertaking,  and  Hamilton  succeeded  in 
uniting  the  western  Indians  for  the  next  Spring's  campaign,  the  West 
would  indeed  have  been  swept  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Allegheny 
Mountains,  and  the  great  blow  struck,  which  had  been  contemplated  from 
the  commencement,  by  the  British. 

"  But  for  this  small  army  of  dripping,  but  fearless  Virginians,  the 
union  of  all  the  tribes  from  Georgia  to  Maine  against  the  colonies  might 
have  been  effected,  and  the  whole  current  of  our  history  changed." 

At  this  time  some  fears  were  entertained  by  the  Colonial  Govern- 
ments that  the  Indians  in  the  North  and  Northwest  were  inclining  to  the 
British,  and  under  the  instructions  of  Washington,  now  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Colonial  army,  and  so  bravely  fighting  for  American  inde- 
pendence, armed  forces  were  sent  against  the  Six  Nations,  and  upon  the 
Ohio  frontier.  Col.  Bowman,  acting  under  the  same  general's  orders, 
marched  against  Indians  within  the  present  limits  of  that  State.  These 
expeditions  were  in  the  main  successful,  and  the  Indians  were  compelled 
to  sue  for  peace. 


54  THE  NORTHWEST   TEKKITORY, 

During  this  same  year  (1779)  the  famous  "  Land  Laws"  of  Virginia 
were  passed.  The  passage  of  these  laws  was  of  more  consequence  to  the 
pioneers  of  Kentucky  and  the  Northwest  than  the  gaining  of  a  few  Indian, 
conflicts.  These  laws  confirmed  in  main  all  grants  made,  and  guaranteed 
to  all  actual  settlers  their  rights  and  privileges.  After  providing  for  the 
settlers,  the  laws  provided  for  selling  the  balance  of  the  public  lands  at 
forty  cents  per  acre.  To  carry  the  Land  Laws  into  effect,  the  Legislature 
sent  four  Virginians  westward  to  attend  to  the  various  claims,  over  many 
of  which  great  confusion  prevailed  concerning  their  validity.  These 
gentlemen  opened  their  court  on  October  13,  1779,  at  St.  Asaphs,  and 
continued  until  April  26,  1780,  when  they  adjourned,  having  decided 
three  thousand  claims.  They  were  succeeded  by  the  surveyor,  who 
came  in  the  person  of  Mr.  George  May,  and  assumed  his  duties  on  the 
10th  day  of  the  month  whose  name  he  bore.  With  the  opening  of  the 
next  year  (1780)  the  troubles  concerning  the  navigation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi commenced.  The  Spanish  Government  exacted  such  measures  in 
relation  to  its  trade  as  to  cause  the  overtures  made  to  the  United  States 
to  be  rejected.  The  American  Government  considered  they  had  a  right 
to  navigate  its  channel.  To  enforce  their  claims,  a  fort  was  erected  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  on  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  river.  The  settle- 
ments in  Kentucky  were  being  rapidly  filled  by  emigrants.  It  was  dur- 
ing this  year  that  the  first  seminary  of  learning  was  established  in  the 
West  in  this  young  and  enterprising  Commonwealth. 

The  settlers  here  did  not  look  upon  the  building  of  this  fort  in  a 
friendly  manner,  as  it  aroused  the  hostility  of  the  Indians.  Spain  had 
been  friendly  to  the  Colonies  during  their  struggle  for  independence, 
and  though  for  a  while  this  friendship  appeared  in  danger  from  the 
refusal  of  the  free  navigation  of  the  river,  yet  it  was  finally  settled  to  the 
satisfaction  of  both  nations. 

The  Winter  of  1779-80  was  one  of  the  most  unusually  severe  ones 
ever  experienced  in  the  West.  The  Indians  always  referred  to  it  as  the 
"Great  Cold."'  Numbers  of  wild  animals  perished,  and  not  a  few 
pioneers  lost  their  lives.  The  following  Summer  a  party  of  Canadians 
and  Indians  attacked  St.  Louis,  and  attempted  to  take  possession  of  it 
in  consequence  of  the  friendly  disposition  of  Spain  to  the  revolting 
colonies.  They  met  with  such  a  determined  resistance  on  the  part  of  the 
inhabitants,  even  the  women  taking  part  in  the  battle,  that  they  were 
compelled  to  abandon  the  contest.  They  also  made  an  attack  on  the 
settlements  in  Kentucky,  but,  becoming  alarmed  in  some  unaccountable 
manner,  they  fied  the  country  in  great  haste. 

About  this  time  arose  the  question  in  the  Colonial  Congress  con- 
cerning the  western  lands  claimed  by  Virginia,  New  York,  Massachusetts 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  55 

and  Connecticut.  The  agitation  concerning  this  subject  finally  led  New 
York,  on  the  19th  of  February,  1780,  to  pass  a  law  giving  to  the  dele- 
gates of  that  State  in  Congress  the  power  to  cede  her  western  lands  for 
the  benefit  of  the  United  States.  This  law  was  laid  before  Congress 
during  the  next  month,  but  no  steps  were  taken  concerning  it  until  Sep- 
tember 6th,  when  a  resolution  passed  that  body  calling  upon  the  States 
claiming  western  lands  to  release  their  claims  in  favor  of  the  whole  body. 
This  basis  formed  the  union,  and  was  the  first  after  all  of  those  legislative 
measures  which  resulted  in  the  creation  of  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota.  In  December  of  the  same 
year,  the  plan  of  conquering  Detroit  again  arose.  The  conquest  might 
have  easily  been  effected  by  Clark  had  the  necessary  aid  been  furnished 
him.  Nothing  decisive  was  done,  yet  the  heads  of  the  Government  knew 
that  the  safety  of  the  Northwest  from  British  invasion  lay  in  the  capture 
and  retention  of  that  important  post,  the  only  unconquered  one  in  the 
territory. 

Before  the  close  of  the  year,  Kentucky  was  divided  into  the  Coun- 
ties of  Lincoln,  Fayette  and  Jefferson,  and  the  act  establishing  the  Town 
of  Louisville  was  passed.  This  same  year  is  also  noted  in  the  annals  of 
American  history  as  the  year  in  which  occurred  Arnold's  treason  to  the 
United  States. 

Virginia,  in  accordance  with  the  resolution  of  Congress,  on  the  2d 
day  of  January,  1781,  agreed  to  yield  her  western  lands  to  the  United 
States  upon  certain  conditions,  which  Congress  would  not  accede  to,  and 
the  Act  of  Cession,  on  the  part  of  the  Old  Dominion,  failed,  nor  was 
anything  farther  done  until  1783.  During  all  that  time  the  Colonies 
were  busily  engaged  in  the  struggle  with  the  mother  country,  and  in 
consequence  thereof  but  little  heed  was  given  to  the  western  settlements. 
Upon  the  16th  of  April,  1781,  the  first  birth  north  of  the  Ohio  River  of 
American  parentage  occurred,  being  that  of  Mary  Heckewelder,  daughter 
of  the  widely  known  Moravian  missionary,  whose  band  of  Christian 
Indians  suffered  in  after  years  a  horrible  massacre  by  the  hands  of  the 
frontier  settlers,  who  had  been  exasperated  by  the  murder  of  several  of 
their  neighbors,  and  in  their  rage  committed,  without  regard  to  humanity, 
a  deed  which  forever  afterwards  cast  a  shade  of  shame  upon  their  lives. 
For  this  and  kindred  outrages  on  the  part  of  the  whites,  the  Indians 
committed  many  deeds  of  cruelty  which  darken  the  years  of  1771  and 
1772  in  the  history  of  the  Northwest. 

During  the  year  1782  a  number  of  battles  among  the  Indians  and 
frontiersmen  occurred,  and  between  the  Moravian  Indians  and  the  Wyan- 
dots.  In  these,  horrible  acts  of  cruelty  were  practised  on  the  captives, 
many  of  such  dark  deeds  transpiring  under  the  leadership  of  the  notorious 


56 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


frontier  outlaw,  Simon  Girty,  whose  name,  as  well  as  those  of  his  brothers, 
was  a  terror  to  women  and  children.  These  occurred  chiefly  in  the  Ohio 
valleys.  Cotemporary  with  them  were  several  engagements  in  Kentucky, 
in  which  the  famous  Daniel  Boone  engaged,  and  who,  often  by  his  skill 
and  knowledge  of  Indian  warfare,  saved  the  outposts  from  cruel  destrue- 


1^'DIANS    ATTACKINc;    FJJONTIEUSMKN. 

tion.  By  the  close  of  the  year  victory  had  perched  upon  the  American 
banner,  and  on  the  30th  of  November,  provisional  articles  of  peace  had 
been  arranged  between  the  Commissioners  of  England  and  her  uncon- 
querable colonies.  Cornwallis  had  been  defeated  on  the  19th  of  October 
preceding,  and  the  liberty  of  America  was  assured.  On  the  19th  of 
April   following,  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  peace  was 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  57 

proclaimed  to  the  army  of  the  United  States,  and  on  the  3d  of  the  next 
September,  the  definite  treaty  which  ended  our  revolutionary  struoo-ie 
was  concluded.  By  the  terms  of  that  treaty,  the  boundaries  of  the  West 
were  as  follows :  On  the  north  the  line  was  to  extend  along  the  center  of 
the  Great  Lakes ;  from  the  western  point  of  Lake  Superior  to  Long  Lake  ; 
thence  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods ;  thence  to  the  head  of  the  Mississippi 
River;  down  its  center  to  the  31st  parallel  of  latitude,  then  on  that  line 
east  to  the  head  of  the  Appalachicola  River;  down  its  center  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Flint ;  thence  straight  to  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
thence  down  along  its  center  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Following  the  cessation  of  hostilities  with  England,  several  posts 
were  still  occupied  by  the  British  in  the  North  and  West.  Among  these 
was  Detroit,  still  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  Numerous  engagements 
with  the  Indians  throughout  Ohio  and  Indiana  occurred,  upon  whose 
lands  adventurous  whites  would  settle  ere  the  title  had  been  acquired  by 
the  proper  treaty. 

To  remedy  this  latter  evil.  Congress  appointed  commissioners  to 
treat  with  the  natives  and  purchase  their  lands,  and  prohibited  the  set- 
tlement of  the  territory  until  this  could  be  done.  Before  the  close  of  the 
year  another  attempt  was  made  to  capture  Detroit,  which  was,  however, 
not  pushed,  and  Virginia,  no  longer  feeling  the  interest  in  the  Northwest 
she  had  formerly  done,  withdrew  her  troops,  having  on  the  20th  of 
December  preceding  authorized  the  whole  of  her  possessions  to  be  deeded 
to  the  United  States.  This  was  done  on  the  Ist  of  March  following,  and 
the  Northwest  Territory  passed  from  the  control  of  the  Old  Dominion. 
To  Gen.  Clark  and  his  soldiers,  however,  she  gave  a  tract  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land,  to  be  situated  any  where  north  of  the 
Ohio  wherever  they  chose  to  locate  them.  They  selected  the  region 
opposite  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  where  is  uow  the  dilapidated  village  of 
Clarksville,  about  midway  between  the  Cities  of  New  Albany  and  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Indiana. 

While  the  frontier  remained  thus,  and  Gen.  Haldimand  at  Detroit 
refused  to  evacuate  alleging  that  he  had  no  orders  from  his  King  to  do 
so,  settlers  were  rapidly  gathering  about  the  inland  forts.  In  the  Spring 
of  1784,  Pittsburgh  was  regularly  laid  out,  and  from  the  journal  of  Arthur 
Lee,  who  passed  through  the  town  soon  after  on  his  way  to  the  Indian 
council  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  we  suppose  it  was  not  very  prepossessing  in 
appearance.     He  says : 

"  Pittsburgh  is  inhabited  almost  entirely  by  Scots  and  Irish,  who 
live  in  paltry  log  houses,  and  are  as  dirty  as  if  in  the  north  of  Ireland  or 
even  Scotland.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  trade  carried  on,  the  goods  being 
bought  at  the  vast  expense  of  forty-five  shillings  per  pound  from  Phila- 


58  THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

delphia  and  Baltimore.  They  take  in  the  shops  flour,  wheat,  skins  and 
money.  There  are  in  the  town  four  attorneys,  two  doctors,  and  not  a 
priest  of  any  persuasion,  nor  church  nor  chapel." 

Kentucky  at  this  time  contained  thirty  thousand  inhabitants,  and 
was  beginning  to  discuss  measures  for  a  separation  from  Virginia.  A 
land  office  was  opened  at  Louisville,  and  measures  were  adopted  to  take 
defensive  precaution  against  the  Indians  who  were  yet,  in  some  instances, 
incited  to  deeds  of  violence  by  the  British.  Before  the  close  of  this  year, 
1784,  the  military  claimants  of  land  began  to  occupy  them,  although  na 
entries  were  recorded  until  1787. 

The  Indian  title  to  the  Northwest  was  not  yet  extinguished.  They 
held  large  tracts  of  lands,  and  in  order  to  prevent  bloodshed  Congress 
adopted  means  for  treaties  with  the  original  owners  and  provided  for  the 
surveys  of  the  lands  gained  thereby,  as  well  as  for  those  north  of  the 
Ohio,  now  in  its  possession.  On  January  31,  1786,  a  treaty  was  made 
with  the  Wabash  Indians.  The  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  had  been  made 
in  1784.  That  at  Fort  Mcintosh  in  1785,  and  through  these  much  land 
was  gained.  The  Wabash  Indians,  however,  afterward  refused  to  comply 
with  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  made  with  them,  and  in  order  to  compel 
their  adherence  to  its  provisions,  force  was  used.  During  the  year  1786, 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  came  up  in  Congress,  and  caused 
various  discussions,  which  resulted  in  no  definite  action,  only  serving  to 
excite  speculation  in  regard  to  the  western  lands.  Congress  had  promised 
bounties  of  land  to  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  but  owing  to  the 
unsettled  condition  of  affairs  along  the  Mississippi  respecting  its  naviga- 
tion, and  the  trade  of  the  Northwest,  that  body  had,  in  1783,  declared 
its  inability  to  fulfill  these  promises  until  a  treaty  could  be  concluded 
between  the  two  Governments.  Before  the  close  of  the  year  1786,  how- 
ever, it  was  able,  through  the  treaties  with  the  Indians,  to  allow  some 
grants  and  the  settlement  thereon,  and  on  the  14th  of  September  Con- 
necticut ceded  to  the  General  Government  the  tract  of  land  known  as 
the  "  Connecticut  Reserve,"  and  before  the  close  of  the  following  year  a 
large  tract  of  land  north  of  the  Ohio  was  sold  to  a  company,  who  at  once 
took  measures  to  settle  it.  By  the  provisions  of  this  grant,  the  company 
were  to  pay  the  United  States  one  dollar  per  acre,  subject  to  a  deduction 
of  one-third  for  bad  lands  and  other  contingencies.  They  received 
750,000  acres,  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Ohio,  on  the  east  by  the 
seventh  range  of  townships,  on  the  west  by  the  sixteenth  range,  and  on 
the  north  by  a  line  so  drawn  as  to  make  the  grant  complete  without 
the  reservations.  In  addition  to  this,  Congress  afterward  granted  100,000 
acres  to  actual  settlers,  and  214,285  acres  as  army  bounties  under  the 
resolutions  of  1789  and  1790. 


THE    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


59 


While  Dr.  Cutler,  one  of  the  agents  of  the  company,  was  pressing 
its  claims  before  Congress,  that  body  was  bringing  into  form  an  ordinance 
for  the  political  and  social  organization  of  this  Territory.  When  the 
cession  was  made  by  Virginia,  in  1784,  a  plan  was  offered,  but  rejected. 
A  motion  had  been  made  to  strike  from  the  proposed  plan  the  prohibition 
of  slavery,  which  prevailed.  The  plan  was  then  discussed  and  altered, 
and  finally  passed  unanimously,  with  the  exception  of  South  Carolina. 
By  this  proposition,  the  Territory  was  to  have  been  divided  into  states 


A    PRAIRIE    STORM. 


by  parallels  and  meridian  lines.  This,  it  was  thought,  would  make  ten 
states,  which  were  to  have  been  named  as  follows — ^  beginning  at  the 
northwest  corner  and  going  southwardly  :  Sylvania,  Michigania,  Cher- 
sonesus,  Assenisipia,  Metropotamia,  Illenoia,  Saratoga,  Washington,  Poly- 
potamia  and  Pelisipia. 

There  was  a  more  serious  objection  to  this  plan  than  its  category  of 
names, —  the  boundaries.  The  root  of  the  difficulty  was  in  the  resolu- 
tion of  Congress  passed  in  October,  1780,  which  fixed  the  boundaries 
of  the  ceded  lands  to  be  from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles 


60  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

square.  These  resolutions  being  presented  to  the  Legislatures  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Massachusetts,  they  desired  a  change,  and  in  July,  1786,  the 
subject  was  taken  up  in  Congress,  and  changed  to  favor  a  division  into 
not  more  than  five  states,  and  not  less  than  three.  This  was  approved  by 
the  State  Legislature  of  Virginia.  The  subject  of  the  Government  was 
again  taken  up  by  Congress  in  1786,  and  discussed  throughout  that  year 
and  until  July,  1787,  when  the  famous  "Compact  of  1787"  was  passed, 
and  the  foundation  of  tlie  government  of  the  Northwest  laid.  This  com- 
pact is  fully  discussed  and  explained  in  the  history  of  Illinois  in  this  book, 
and  to  it  the  reader  is  referred. 

The  passage  of  this  act  and  the  grant  to  the  New  England  Company 
was  soon  followed  by  an  application  to  the  Government  by  John  Cleves 
Symmes,  of  New  Jersey,  for  a  grant  of  the  land  between  the  Miamis. 
This  gentleman  had  visited  these  lands  soon  after  the  treatj^of  1786,  and, 
being  greatly  pleased  with  them,  offered  similar  terms  to  those  given  to  the 
New  England  Company.  The  petition  was  referred  to  the  Treasurv 
Board  with  power  to  act,  and  a  contract  was  concluded  the  following 
year.  During  the  Autumn  the  directors  of  the  New  England  Company 
were  preparing  to  occupy  their  grant  the  following  Spring,  and  upon  the 
23d  of  November  made  arrangements  for  a  party  of  forty-seven  men, 
under  the  superintendency  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam,  to  set  forward.  Six 
boat-builders  were  to  leave  at  once,  and  on  the  first  of  January  the  sur- 
veyors and  their  assistants,  twenty-six  in  number,  were  to  meet  at  Hart- 
ford and  proceed  on  their  journey  westward  ;  the  remainder  to  follow  as 
soon  as  possible.  Congress,  in  the  meantime,  upon  the  8d  of  October, 
had  ordered  seven  hundred  troops  for  defense  of  the  western  settlers,  and 
to  prevent  unauthorized  intrusions  ;  and  two  days  later  appointed  Arthur 
St.  Clair  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  the  Northwest. 

AMERICAN  SETTLEMENTS. 

The  civil  organization  of  the  Northwest  Territorv  was  now  com- 
plete, and  notwithstanding  the  uncertainty  of  Indian  affairs,  settlers  from 
the  East  began  to  come  into  the  country  rapidly.  The  New  England 
Company  sent  their  men  during  the  Winter  of  1787-8  pressing  on  over 
the  Alleghenies  by  the  old  Indian  path  which  had  been  opened  into 
Braddock's  road,  and  which  has  since  been  made  a  national  turnpike 
from  Cumberland  westward.  Through  the  weary  winter  days  they  toiled 
on,  and  by  Ayn-il  were  all  gathered  on  the  Yohiogany,  where  boats  had 
been  built,  and  at  once  started  for  the  Muskingum.  Here  they  arrived 
on  the  7th  of  that  month,  and  unless  the  Moravian  missionaries  be  regarded 
as  the  pioneers  of  Ohio,  this  little  band  can  justly  claim  that  honor. 


THE    NORTH\yEST    TERRITORY. 


61 


Gen.  St.  Clair,  the  appointed  Governor  of  the  Northwest,  not  having 
vet  arrived,  a  set  of  laws  were  passed,  written  out,  and  published  by 
being  nailed  to  a  tree  in  the  embryo  town,  and  Jonathan  Meigs  appointed 
to  administer  them. 

Washington  in  writing  of  this,  the  first  American  settlement  in  the 
Northwest,  said :  "  No  colony  in  America  was  ever  settled  under 
such  favorable  auspices  as  that  which  has  just  commenced  at  Muskingum. 
Information,  property  and  strength  will  be  its  characteristics.  I  know 
many  of  its  settlers  personally,  and  there  never  were  men  better  calcu- 
lated to  promote  the  welfare  of  such  a  community." 


'yi<'^^>^,^^x/(SW'^'^^  ^^ 


A    PIONKEi:    DWELLING 


On  the  2d  of  July  a  meeting  of  the  directors  and  agents  was  held 
on  the  banks  of  the  Muskingum,  "  for  the  purpose  of  naming  the  new- 
born city  and  its  squares."  As  yet  the  settlement  was  known  as  the 
''Muskingum,"  but  that  was  now  changed  to  the  name  Marietta,  in  honor 
of  Marie  Antoinette.  The  square  upon  which  the  block -houses  stood 
was  called  '-'■  Campus  Martins  ;""  square  number  19,  '-'- Ca'pitolium  f  square 
number  61,  '•'•Cecilia ^  and  the  great  road  through  the  covert  way,  "  Sacra 
Via.''  Two  days  after,  an  oration  was  delivered  by  James  M.  Varnum, 
who  with  S.  H.  Parsons  and  John  Armstrong  had  been  appointed  to  the 
judicial  bench  of  the  territory  on  the  16th  of  October,  1787.  On  July  9, 
Gov.  St.  Clair  arrived,  and  the  colony  began  to  assume  form.  The  act 
of  1787  provided  two  district  grades  of  government  for  the  Northwest, 


62  THE   NORTHWEST    TBRE.TTOEY. 

under  the  first  of  which  tlie  whole  power  was  invested  in  the  hands  of  a 
governor  and  three  district  judges.  This  was  immediately  formed  upon 
the  Governor's  arrival,  and  the  first  laws  of  the  colony  passed  on  the  25th 
of  July.  These  provided  for  the  organization  of  the  militia,  and  on  the 
next  day  appeared  the  Governor's  proclamation,  erecting  all  that  country 
that  had  been  ceded  by  the  Indians  east  of  the  Scioto  River  into  the 
County  of  Washington.  From  that  time  forward,  notwithstanding  the 
doubts  yet  existing  as  to  the  Indians,  all  Marietta  prospered,  and  on  the 
2d  of  September  the  first  court  of  the  territory  was  held  with  imposing- 
ceremonies. 

The  emigration  westward  at  this  time  was  very  great.  The  com- 
mander at  Fort  Harmer,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum,  reported  four 
thousand  five  hundred  persons  as  having  passed  that  post  between  Feb- 
ruary and  June,  1788  —  many  of  w^hom  would  have  purchased  of  the 
"Associates,"  as  the  New  England  Company  was  called,  had  they  l)een 
ready  to  receive  them. 

On  the  26th  of  November,  1787,  Symmes  issued  a  pamphlet  stating 
the  terms  of  his  contract  and  the  plan  of  sale  he  intended  to  adopt.  In 
January,  1788,  Matthias  Denman,  of  New  Jersey,  took  an  active  interest 
in  Symmes'  purchase,  and  located  among  other  tracts  the  sections  upon 
which  Cincinnati  has  been  built.  Retaining  one-third  of  this  locality,  he 
sold  the  other  two-thirds  to  Robert  Patterson  and  John  Filson,  and  the 
three,  about  August,  commenced  to  lay  out  a  town  on  the  spot,  which 
was  designated  as  being  opposite  Licking  River,  to  the  mouth  of  which 
they  proposed  to  have  a  road  cut  from  Lexington.  The  naming  of  the 
town  is  thus  narrated  in  the  "Western  Annals  "  : — "  Mr.  Filson,  who  had 
been  a  schoolmaster,  was  appointed  to  name  the  town,  and,  in  respect  to 
its  situation,  and  as  if  with  a  prophetic  perception  of  the  mixed  race  that 
were  to  inhabit  it  in  after  days,  he  named  it  Losantiville,  which,  being 
interpreted,  means  :  ville,  the  town  ;  anti,  against  or  opposite  to  ;  os,  the 
mouth  ;  L.  of  Licking."' 

Meanwhile,  in  July,  Symmes  got  thirty  persons  and  eight  four-horse 
teams  under  way  for  the  West.  These  reached  Limestone  (now  Mays- 
ville)  in  September,  where  were  several  persons  from  Redstone.  Here 
Mr.  Symmes  tried  to  found  a  settlement,  but  the  great  freshet  of  1789 
caused  the  "  Point,"*  as  it  was  and  is  yet  called,  to  be  fifteen  feet  under 
water,  and  the  settlement  to  be  abandoned.  The  little  band  of  settlers 
removed  to  the  mouth  of  the  Miami.  Before  Symmes  and  his  colony  left 
the  "  Point,"'  two  settlements  had  been  made  on  his  purchase.  The  first 
was  by  Mr.  Stiltes,  the  original  projector  of  the  whole  plan,  who,  with  a 
colony  of  Redstone  people,  had  located  at  the  mouth  of  the  Miami, 
whither   Symmes  went  with  his  Maysville  colony.     Here  a  clearing  had 


THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


63 


been  made  by  the  Indians  owing  to  the  great  fertility  of  the  soil.  Mr. 
Stiltes  with  his  colony  came  to  this  place  on  the  18th  of  November,  1788, 
■with  twenty-six  persons,  and,  building  a  block-house,  prepared  to  remain 
through  the  Winter.  They  named  the  settlement  Columbia.  Here  they 
were  kindly  treated  by  the  Indians,  but  suffered  greatly  from  the  flood 
of  1789. 

On  the  4th  of  March,  1789,  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
went  into  operation,  and  on  April  30,  George  Washington  was  inaug- 
urated President  of  the  American  people,  and  during  the  next  Summer, 
an  Indian  war  was  commenced  by  the  tribes  north  of  the  Ohio.  The 
President  at  first  used  pacific  means  ;  but  these  failing,  he  sent  General 
Harmer  against  the  hostile  tribes.     He  destroyed  several  villages,  but 


BREAKING   PBAIKIE. 


was  defeated  in  two  battles,  near  the  present  City  of  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana.  From  this  time  till  the  close  of  1795,  the  principal  events  were 
the  wars  with  the  various  Indian  tribes.  In  1796,  General  St.  Clair 
was  appointed  in  command,  and  marched  against  the  Indians;  but  while 
he  was  encamped  on  a  stream,  the  St.  Mary,  a  branch  of  the  Maumee, 
he  was  attacked  and  defeated  with  the  loss  of  six  hundred  men. 

General  Wayne  was  now  sent  against  the  savages.  In  August,  1794, 
he  met  them  near  the  rapids  of  the  Maumee,  and  gained  a  complete 
victory.  This  success,  followed  by  vigorous  measures,  compelled  the 
Indians  to  sue  for  peace,  and  on  the  30th  of  July,  the  following  year,  the 
treaty  of  Greenville  was  signed  by  the  principal  chiefs,  by  which  a  large 
tract  of  country  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Before  proceeding  in  our  narrative,  we  will  pause  to  notice  Fort 
Washington,  erected  in  the  early  part  of  this  war  on  the  site  of  Cincinnati. 
Nearly   all   of  the   great   cities  of   the  Northwest,  and  indeed  of   the 


64  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

whole  country,  have  had  their  nuclei  in  those  rude  pioneer  structures, 
known  as  forts  or  stockades.  Thus  Forts  Dearborn,  Washington,  Pon- 
chartrain,  mark  the  original  sites  of  the  now  proud  Cities  of  Chicago, 
Cincinnati  and  Detroit.  So  of  most  of  the  flourishing  cities  east  and  west 
of  the  Mississippi.  Fort  Washington,  erected  by  Doughty  in  1790,  was  a 
rude  but  highly  interesting  structure.  It  was  composed  of  a  number  of 
strongly-built  hewed  log  cabins.  Those  designed  for  soldiers'  barracks 
were  a  story  and  a  half  high,  while  those  composing  the  officers  quarters 
were  more  imposing  and  more  conveniently  arranged  and  furnished. 
The  whole  were  so  placed  as  to  form  a  hollow  square,  enclosing  about  an 
acre  of  ground,  with  a  block  house  at  each  of  the  four  angles. 

The  logs  for  the  construction  of  this  fort  were  cut  from  the  ground 
upon  which  it  was  erected.  It  stood  between  Third  and  Fourth  Streets 
of  the  present  cit}^  (Cincinnati)  extending  east  of  Eastern  Row,  now 
Broadway,  which  was  then  a  narrow  alley,  and  the  eastern  boundary  of 
of  the  town  as  it  was  originally  laid  out.  On  the  bank  of  the  river, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  fort,  was  an  appendage  of  the  fort,  called  the 
Artificer's  Yard.  It  contained  about  two  acres  of  ground,  enclosed  by 
small  contiguous  buildings,  occupied  by  workshops  and  quarters  of 
laborers.  Within  this  enclosure  there  was  a  large  two-story  frame  house, 
familiarly  called  the  "  Yellow  House,"  built  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  Quartermaster  General.  For  many  years  this  was  the  best  finished 
and  most  commodious  edifice  in  the  Queen  City.  Fort  Washington  was 
for  some  time  the  headquarters  of  both  the'civil  and  military  governments 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory. 

Following  the  consummation  of  the  treaty  various  gigantic  land  spec- 
ulations were  entered  into  by  different  persons,  who  hoped  to  obtain 
from  the  Indians  in  Michigan  and  northern  Indiana,  large  tracts  of  lands. 
These  were  generally  discovered  in  time  to  prevent  the  outrageous 
schemes  from  being  carried  out,  and  from  involving  the  settlers  in  war- 
On  October  27,  1795,  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Spain 
was  signed,  whereby  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  was  secured. 

No  sooner  had  the  treaty  of  1795  been  ratified  than  settlements  began 
to  pour  rapidly  into  the  West.  The  great  event  of  the  year  1796  was  the 
occupation  of  that  part  of  the  Northwest  including  Michigan,  which  was 
this  year,  under  the  provisions  of  the  treaty,  evacuated  by  the  British 
forces.  The  United  States,  owing  to  certain  conditions,  did  not  feel 
justified  in  addressing  the  authorities  in  Canada  in  relation  to  Detroit 
and  other  frontier  posts.  When  at  last  the  British  authorities  were 
called  to  give  them  up,  they  at  once  complied,  and  General  Wayne,  who 
had  done  so  much  to  preserve  the  frontier  settlements,  and  who,  before 
the    year's    close,  sickened   and  died  near  Erie,  transferred  his  head- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  QS 

quarters  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  lakes,  where  a  county  named  after 
him  was  formed,  which  included  the  northwest  of  Ohio,  all  of  Michigan, 
and  the  northeast  of  Indiana.  During  this  same  year  settlements  were 
formed  at  the  present  City  of  Chillicothe,  along  the  Miami  from  Middle- 
town  to  Piqua,  while  in  the  more  distant  West,  settlers  and  speculators 
began  to  appear  in  great  numbers.  In  September,  the  City  of  Cleveland 
was  laid  out,  and  during  the  Summer  and  Autumn,  Samuel  Jackson  and 
Jonathan  Sharpless  erected  the  first  manufactory  of  paper — the  "Red- 
stone Paper  Mill" — in  the  West.  St.  Louis  contained  some  seventy 
houses,  and  Detroit  over  three  hundred,  and  along  the  river,  contiguous 
to  it,  were  more  than  three  thousand  inhabitants,  mostly  French  Canadians, 
Indians  and  half-breeds,  scarcely  any  Americans  venturing  yet  into  that 
part  of  the  Northwest. 

The  election  of  representatives  for  the  territory  had  taken  place, 
and  on  the  4th  of  February,  1799,  they  convened  at  Losantiville  —  now 
known  as  Cincinnati,  having  been  named  so  by  Gov.  St.  Clair,  and 
considered  the  capital  of  the  Territory — to  nominate  persons  from  whom 
the  members  of  the  Legislature  were  to  be  chosen  in  accordance  with 
a  previous  ordinance.  This  nomination  being  made,  the  Assembly 
adjourned  until  the  16th  of  the  following  September.  From  those  named 
the  President  selected  as  members  of  the  council,  Henry  Vandenburg, 
of  Vincennes,  Robert  Oliver,  of  Marietta,  James  Findlay  and  Jacob 
Burnett,  of  Cincinnati,  and  David  Vance,  of  Vanceville.  On  the  16th 
of  September  the  Territorial  Legislature  met,  and  on  the  24th  the  two 
houses  were  duly  organized,  Henry  Vandenburg  being  elected  President 
of  the  Council. 

The  message  of  Gov.  St.  Clair  was  addressed  to  the  Legislature 
September  20th,  and  on  October  13th  that  body  elected  as  a  delegate  to 
Congress  Gen.  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  who  received  eleven  of  the  votes 
cast,  being  a  majority  of  one  over  his  opponent,  Arthur  St.  Clair,  son  of 
Gen.  St.  Clair. 

The  whole  number  of  acts  passed  at  this  session,  and  approved  by 
the  Governor,  were  thirty-seven  —  eleven  others  were  passed,  but  received 
his  veto.  The  most  important  of  those  passed  related  to  the  militia,  to 
the  administration,  and  to  taxation.  On  the  19th  of  December  this  pro- 
tracted session  of  the  first  Legislature  in  the  West  was  closed,  and  on  the 
30th  of  December  the  President  nominated  Charles  Willing  Bryd  to  the 
office  of  Secretary  of  the  Territory  vice  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  elected  to 
Congress.     The  Senate  confirmed  his  nomination  the  next  day. 


6G  THE   NOKTHWEST   TEEEITORY. 


DIVISION   OF   THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

The  increased  emigration  to  the  Northwest,  the  extent  of  the  domain, 
and  the  inconvenient  modes  of  travel,  made  it  very  difficult  to  conduct 
the  ordinar}^  operations  of  government,  and  rendered  the  efficient  action 
of  courts  almost  impossible.  To  remedy  this,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
divide  the  territory  for  civil  purposes.  Congress,  in  1800,  appointed  a 
committee  to  examine  the  question  and  report  some  means  for  its  solution. 
This  committee,  on  the  3d  of  March,  reported  that : 

"•  In  the  three  western  countries  there  has  been  but  one  court  having 
cognizance  of  crimes,  in  five  years,  and  the  immunity  which  offenders 
experience  attracts,  as  to  an  asylum,  the  most  vile  and  abandoned  crim- 
inals, and  at  the  same  time  deters  useful  citizens  from  making  settlements 
in  such  society.  The  extreme  necessity  of  judiciary  attention  and  assist- 
ance is  experienced  in  civil  as  well  as  in  criminal  cases.  *  *  *  *  Xo 
minister  a  remedy  to  these  and  other  evils,  it  occurs  to  this  committee 
that  it  is  expedient  that  a  division  of  said  territory  into  two  distinct  and 
separate  governments  should  be  made  ;  and  that  such  division  be  made 
by  a  line  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  running 
directly  north  until  it  intersects  the  boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada." 

The  report  was  accepted  by  Congress,  and,  in  accordance  with  its 
suggestions,  that  body  passed  an  Act  extinguishing  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, which  Act  was  approved  May  7.     Among  its  provisions  were  these  : 

"  That  from  and  after  July  4  next,  all  that  part  of  the  Territory  of 
the  United  States  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  which  lies  to  the  westward 
of  a  line  beginning  at  a  point  on  the  Ohio,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Kentucky  River,  and  running  thence  to  Fort  Recovery,  and  thence  north 
until  it  shall  intersect  the  territorial  line  between  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  temporary  government,  constitute  a 
separate  territory,  and  be  called  the  Indiana  Territory." 

After  providing  for  the  exercise  of  the  civil  and  criminal  powers  of 
the  territories,  and  other  provisions,  the  Act  further  provides : 

"  That  until  it  shall  otherwise  be  ordered  by  the  Legislatures  of  the 
said  Territories,  respectively,  Chillicothe  on  the  Scioto  River  shall  be  the 
seat  of  government  of  tlio  Territory  of  the  United  States  northwest  of  the 
Ohio  River;  and  that. St.  Vincennes  on  the  Wabash  River  shall  be"  the 
seat  of  government  for  the  Indiana  Territory." 

Gen.  Wm.  Henry  Harrison  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  about  a  year  later.  Connecticut 
also  aliout  this  time  released  her  claims  to  the  reserve,  and  in  March  a  law 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  67 

was  passed  accepting  this  cession.  Settlements  had  been  made  upon 
thirty-five  of  the  townships  in  the  reserve,  mills  had  been  built,  and  seven 
hundred  miles  of  road  cut  in  various  directions.  On  the  3d  of  November 
the  General  Assembly  met  at  Chillicothe.  Near  the  close  of  the  year, 
tlie  first  missionary  of  the  Connecticut  Reserve  came,  who  found  no 
township  containing  more  than  eleven  families.  It  was  upon  the  first  of 
October  that  the  secret  treaty  had  been  made  between  Napoleon  and  the 
King  of  Spain,  whereby  the  latter  agreed  to  cede  to  France  the  province 
of  Louisiana. 

In  January,  1802,  the  Assembly  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  char- 
tered the  college  at  Athens.  From  the  earliest  dawn  of  the  western- 
colonies,  education  was  promptly  provided  for,  and  as  early  as  1787, 
newspapers  were  issued  from  Pittsburgh  and  Kentucky,  and  largely  read 
throughout  the  frontier  settlements.  Before  the  close  of  this  year,  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  granted  to  the  citizens  of  the  Northwestern 
territory  the  formation  of  a  State  government.  One  of  the  provisions  of 
the  "compact  of  1787"  provided  that  whenever  the  number  of  inhabit- 
ants within  prescribed  limits  exceeded  45,000,  they  should  be  entitled  to 
a  separate  government.  The  prescribed  limits  of  Ohio  contained,  from  a 
census  taken  to  ascertain  the  legality  of  the  act,  more  than  that  number, 
and  on  the  30th  of  April,  1802,  Congress  passed  the  act  defining  its  limits, 
and  on  the  29th  of  November  the  Constitution  of  the  new  State  of  Ohio, 
so  named  from  the  beautiful  river  forming  its  southern  boundary,  came 
into  existence.  The  exact  limits  of  Lake  Michigan  were  not  then  known, 
but  the  territory  now  included  within  the  State  of  Michigan  was  wholly 
within  the  territory  of  Indiana. 

Gen.  Harrison,  while  residing  at  Vincennes,  made  several  treaties 
with  the  Indians,  thereby  gaining  large  tracts  of  lands.  The  next  year  is 
memorable  in  the  history  of  the  West  for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  from 
France  by  the  United  States  for  $15,000,000.  Thus  by  a  peaceful  mode, 
the  domain  of  the  United  States  was  extended  over  a  large  tract  of 
country  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  for  a  time  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Northwest  government,  and,  as  has  been  mentioned  in  the  early 
part  of  this  narrative,  was  called  the  "New  Northwest."  The  limits 
of  this  history  will  not  allow  a  description  of  its  territory.  The  same  year 
large  grants  of  land  were  obtained  from  the  Indians,  and  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  new  State  of  Ohio  signed  a  bill  respecting  the 
College  Township  in  the  district  of  Cincinnati. 

Before  the  close  of  the  year,  Gen.  Harrison  obtained  additional 
grants  of  lands  from  the  various  Indian  nations  in  Indiana  and  the  present 
limits  of  Illinois,  and  on  the  18th  of  August,  1804,  completed  a  treaty  at 
St.  Louis,  whereby  over  51,000,000  acres  of  lands  were  obtained  from  the 


68  THE   NORTHWEST   TERKITORY. 

aborigines.  Measures  were  also  taken  to  learn  the  condition  of  affairs  in 
and  about  Detroit. 

C.  Jouett,  the  Indian  agent  in  Michigan,  still  a  part  of  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, reported  as  follows  upon  the  condition  of  matters  at  that  post : 

''  The  Town  of  Detroit. — The  charter,  which  is  for  fifteen  miles 
square,  was  granted  in  the  time  of  Louis  XIV.  of  France,  and  is  now, 
from  the  best  information  I  have  been  able  to  get,  at  Quebec.  Of  those 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres,  only  four  are  occupied  by  the  town 
and  Fort  Lenault.  The  remainder  is  a  common,  except  twenty-four 
acres,  which  were  added  twenty  years  ago  to  a  farm  belonging  to  Wm. 
Macomb.  *  *  *  A  stockade  incloses  the  town,  fort  and  citadel.  The 
pickets,  as  well  as  the  public  houses,  are  in  a  state  of  gradual  decay.  The 
streets  are  narrow,  straight  and  regular,  and  intersect  each  other  at  right 
angles.     The  houses  are,  for  the  most  part,  low  and  inelegant." 

During  this  year,  Congress  granted  a  township  of  land  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  college,  and  began  to  offer  inducements  for  settlers  in  these 
wilds,  and  the  country  now  comprising  the  State  of  Michigan  began  to 
fill  rapidly  with  settlers  along  its  southern  borders.  This  same  year,  also, 
a  law  was  passed  organizing  the  Southwest  Territory,  dividing  it  into  two 
portions,  the  Territory  of  New  Orleans,  which  city  was  made  the  seat  of 
government,  and  the  District  of  Louisiana,  which  was  annexed  to  the- 
domain  of  Gen.  Harrison. 

On  the  lltli  of  January,  1805,  the  Territory  of  Michigan  was  formed, 
Wm.  Hull  was  appointed  governor,  with  headquarters  at  Detroit,  the 
change  to  take  effect  on  June  30.  On  the  11th  of  that  month,  a  fire 
occurred  at  Detroit,  which  destroyed  almost  every  building  in  the  place. 
When  the  oflficers  of  the  new  territory  reached  the  post,  they  found  it  in 
ruins,  and  the  inhabitants  scattered  throughout  the  country.  Rebuild- 
ing, however,  soon  commenced,  and  ere  long  the  town  contained  more 
houses  than  before  the  fire,  and  many  of  them  much  better  built. 

While  this  was  being  done,  Indiana  had  passed  to  the  second  grade 
of  government,  and  through  her  General  Assembly  had  obtained  large 
tracts  of  land  from  the  Indian  tribes.  To  all  this  the  celebrated  Indian, 
Tecumthe  or  Tecumseh,  vigorously  protested,  and  it  was  the  main  cause 
of  his  attempts  to  unite  the  various  Indian  tribes  in  a  conflict  with  the 
settlers.  To  obtain  a  full  account  of  these  attempts,  the  workings  of  the 
British,  and  the  signal  failure,  culminating  in  the  death  of  Tecumseh  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  and  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812  in  the  Northwest, 
we  will  step  aside  in  our  story,  and  relate  the  principal  events  of  his  life,, 
and  his  connection  with  this  conflict. 


THE   NOKTHWEST   TERRITORY 


6t. 


TECUMSEH,  THE  SHAWANOE  CHIEFTAIN. 


70  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


TECUMSEH,  AND  THE  WAR  OF  1812. 

This  famous  Indian  cliief  was  born  about  the  year  1768,  not  far  from 
the  site  of  the  present  City  of  Piqua,  Ohio.  His  father,  Puckeshinwa, 
was  a  member  of  the  Kisopok  tribe  of  the  Swanoese  nation,  and  his 
mother.  Metliontaske,  was  a  member  of  the  Turtle  tribe  of  the  same 
people.  They  removed  from  Florida  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century 
to  the  birthplace  of  Tecumseh.  In  1774,  his  father,  who  had  risen  to  be 
chief,  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  and  not  long  after  Tecum- 
seh, by  his  bravery,  became  the  leader  of  his  tril)e.  In  1795  he  was 
declared  chief,  and  then  lived  at  Deer  Creek,  near  the  site  of  the 
present  City  of  Urbana.  He  remained  here  about  one  year,  when  he 
returned  to  Piqua,  and  in  1798,  he  went  to  White  River,  Indiana.  In 
1805,  he  and  his  brother,  Laulewasikan  (Open  Door),  who  had  announced 
himself  as  a  prophet,  went  to  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Wabash  River,  given 
them  by  the  Pottawatomies  and  Kickapoos.  From  this  date  the  chief 
comes  into  prominence.  He  was  now  about  thirty-seven  years  of  age, 
was  five  feet  and  ten  inches  in  height,  was  stoutly  built,  and  possessed  of 
enormous  powers  of  endurance.  His  countenance  was  naturally  pleas- 
ing, and  he  was,  in  general,  devoid  of  those  savage  attributes  possessed 
by  most  Indians.  It  is  stated  he  could  read  and  write,  and  had  a  confi- 
dential secretary  and  adviser,  named  Billy  Caldwell,  a  half-breed,  who 
afterward  became  chief  of  the  Pottawatomies.  He  occupied  the  first 
house  built  on  the  site  of  Chicago.-  At  this  time,  Tecumseh  entered 
upon  the  great  work  of  his  life.  He  had  long  objected  to  the  grants  of 
land  made  by  the  Indians  to  the  whites,  and  determined  to  unite  all  the 
Indian  tribes  into  a  league,  in  order  that  no  treaties  or  grants  of  land 
could  be  made  save  by  the  consent  of  this  confederation. 

He  traveled  constantly,  going  from  north  to  south  ;  from  the  south 
to  the  north,  everywhere  urging  the  Indians  to  this  step.  He  was  a 
matchless  orator,  and  his  burning  words  had  their  effect. 

Gen.  Harrison,  then  Governor  of  Indiana,  by  watching  the  move- 
ments of  the  Indians,  became  convinced  that  a  grand  conspiracy  was 
forming,  and  made  preparations  to  defend  the  settlements.  Tecumseh's 
plan  was  similar  to  Pontiac's,  elsewhere  described,  and  to  the  cunning 
artifice  of  that  chieftain  was  added  his  own  sagacity. 

During  the  year  1809,  Tecumseh  and  the  prophet  were  actively  pre- 
paring for  the  work.  In  that  year.  Gen.  Harrison  entered  into  a  treaty 
with  the  Delawares,  Kickapoos,  Pottawatomies,  Miamis,  Eel  River  Indians 
and  Weas,  in  which  these  tribes  ceded  to  the  whites  certain  lands  upon 
the  Wabash,  to  all  of  which  Tecumseh  entered  a  bitter  protest,  averring 


THE    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY.  71 

as  one  principal  reason  that  he  did  i*ot  want  the  Indians  to  give  up  any 
lands  north  and  west  of  the  Ohio  River. 

Tecumseh,  in  August,  1810,  visited  the  General  at  Vincennes  and 
held  a  council  relating  to  the  grievances  of  the  Indians.  Becoming  unduly 
angry  at  this  conference  he  was  dismissed  from  the  village,  and  soon  after 
departed  to  incite  the  southern  Indian  tribes  to  the  conflict. 

Gen.  Harrison  determined  to  move  upon  the  chief's  headquarters  at 
Tippecanoe,  and  for  this  purpose  went  about  sixty-five  miles  up  the 
Wabash,  where  he  built  Fort  Harrison.  From  this  place  he  went  to  the 
prophet's  town,  where  he  informed  the  Indians  he  had  no  hostile  inten- 
tions, provided  they  were  true  to  the  existing  treaties.  He  encamped 
near  the  village  early  in  October,  and  on  the  morning  of  November  7,  he 
was  attacked  by  a  large  force  of  the  Indians,  and  the  famous  battle  of 
Tippecanoe  occurred.  The  Indians  were  routed  and  their  town  broken 
up.  Tecumseh  returning  not  long  after,  was  greatly  exasperated  at  his 
brother,  tlie  prophet,  even  threatening  to  kill  him  for  rashly  precipitating 
the  war,  and  foiling  his  (Tecumseh's)  plans. 

Tecumseh  sent  word  to  Gen.  Harrison  that  he  was  now  returned 
from  the  South,  and  was  ready  to  visit  the  President  as  had  at  one  time 
previously  been  proposed.  Gen.  Harrison  informed  him  he  could  not  go 
as  a  chief,  which  method  Tecumseh  desired,  and  the  visit  was  never 
made. 

In  June  of  the  following  year,  he  visited  the  Indian  agent  at 
Fort  Wayne.  Here  he  disavowed  any  intention  to  make  a  war  against 
the  United  States,  and  reproached  Gen.  Harrison  for  marching  against  his 
people.  The  agent  replied  to  this  ;  Tecumseh  listened  with  a  cold  indif- 
ference, and  after  making  a  few  general  remarks,  with  a  haughty  air  drew 
his  blanket  about  him,  left  the  council  house,  and  departed  for  Fort  Mai- 
den, in  Upper  Canada,  where  he  joined  the  British  standard. 

He  remained  under  this  Government,  doing  effective  work  for  the 
Crown  while  engaged  in  the  war  of  1812  which  now  opened.  He  was, 
however,  always  humane  in  his  treatment  of  the  prisoners,  never  allow- 
ing his  warriors  to  ruthlessly  mutilate  the  bodies  of  those  slain,  or  wan- 
tonly murder  the  captive. 

In  the  Summer  of  1813,  Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie  occurred,  and 
shortly  after  active  preparations  were  made  to  capture  Maiden,  On  the 
27th  of  September,  the  American  army,  under  Gen.  Harrison,  set  sail  for 
the  shores  of  Canada,  and  in  a  few  hours  stood  around  the  ruins  of  Mai- 
den, from  which  the  British  army,  under  Proctor,  had  retreated  to  Sand- 
wich, intending  to  make  its  way  to  the  heart  of  Canada  by  the  Valley  of 
the  Thames.  On  the  29th  Gen.  Harrison  was  at  Sandwich,  and  Gen. 
Mc Arthur  took  possession  of  Detroit  and  the  territory  of  Michigan. 


72 


THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


On  the  2d  of  October,  the  Americans  began  their  pursuit  of  Proctor, 
whom  they  overtook  on  the  5th,  and  the  battle  of  tlie  Thames  followed. 
Early  in  the  engagement,  Tecumseli  who  was  at  the  head  of  the  column 
of  Indians  was  slain,  and  they,  no  longer  hearing  the  voice  of  their  chief- 
tain, fled.  The  victory  was  decisive,  and  practically  closed  the  war  in 
the  Northwest. 


INDIANS    ATTACKING    A    STOCKADE. 


Just  who  killed  the  great  chief  has  been  a  matter  of  much  dispute  ; 
l)Ut  the  weight  of  opinion  awards  the  act  to  Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson, 
who  fired  at  him  Avith  a  pistol,  the  shot  proving  fatal. 

In  1805  occurred  Burr's  Insurrection.  He  took  possession  of  a 
beautiful  island  in  the  Ohio,  after  the  killing  of  Hamilton,  and  is  charged 
by  many  with  attempting  to  set  up  an  independent  government.  His 
plans  were  frustrated  by  the  general  government,  his  property  confiscated 
and  he  was  compelled  to  flee  the  oonntry  for  safety. 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY.  73 

In  Januar5%  1807,  Governor  Hull,  of  Michigan  Territory,  made  a 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  whereby  all  that  peninsula  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States.  Before  the  close  of  the  year,  a  stockade  was  built  about 
Detroit.  It  was  also  during  this  year  that  Indiana  and  Illinois  endeavored 
to  obtain  the  repeal  of  that  section  of  the  compact  of  1787,  whereby 
slavery  was  excluded  from  the  Northwest  Territory.  These  attempts, 
however,  all  signally  failed. 

In  1809  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  divide  the  Indiana  Territory. 
This  was  done,  and  the  Territory  of  Illinois  was  formed  from  the  western 
part,  the  seat  of  government  being  fixed  at  Kaskaskia.  The  next  year, 
the  intentions  of  Tecumseh  manifested  themselves  in  open  hostilities,  and 
then  began  the  events  already  narrated. 

While  this  war  was  in  progress,  emigration  to  the  West  went  on  with 
surprising  rapidity.  In  1811,  under  Mr.  Roosevelt  of  New  York,  the 
first  steamboat  trip  was  made  on  the  Ohio,  much  to  the  astonishment  of 
the  natives,  many  of  whom  fled  in  terror  at  the  appearance  of  the 
"  monster."  It  arrived  at  Louisville  on  the  10th  day  of  October.  At  the 
close  of  the  first  week  of  Januar3%  1812,  it  arrived  at  Natchez,  after  being 
nearly  overwhelmed  in  the  great  earthquake  which  occurred  while  on  its 
downward  trip. 

The  battle  of  the  Thames  was  fought  on  October  6,  1813.  It 
effectually  closed  hostilities  in  the  Northwest,  although  peace  was  not 
fully  restored  until  July  22,  1814,  when  a  treaty  was  formed  at  Green- 
ville, under  the  direction  of  General  Harrison,  between  the  United  States 
and  the  Indian  tribes,  in  which  it  was  stipulated  that  the  Indians  should 
cease  hostilities  against  the  Americans  if  the  war  were  continued.  Such, 
happily,  was  not  the  case,  and  on  the  24th  of  December  the  treaty 
of  Ghent  was  signed  by  the  representatives  of  England  and  the  United 
States.  This  treaty  was  followed  the  next  year  by  treaties  with  various 
Indian  tribes  throughout  the  West,  and  Northwest,  and  quiet  was  again 
restored  in  this  part  of  the  new  world. 

On  the  18th  of  March,  1816,  Pittsburgh  was  incorporated  as  a  city. 
It  then  had  a  population  of  8,000  people,  and  was  already  noted  for  its 
manufacturing  interests.  On  April  19,  Indiana  Territory  was  allowed 
to  form  a  state  government.  At  that  time  there  were  thirteen  counties 
organized,  containing  about  sixty-three  thousand  inhabitants.  The  first 
election  of  state  officers  was  held  in  August,  when  Jonathan  Jennings 
was  chosen  Governor.  The  officers  were  sworn  in  on  November  7,  a.nd. 
on  December  11,  the  State  was  formally  admitted  into  the  Union.  For 
some  time  the  seat  of  government  was  at  Corydon,  but  a  more  central 
location  being  desirable,  the  present  capital,  Indianapolis  (City  of  Indiana), 
was  laid  out  January  1,  1825. 


74  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

On  the  28th  of  December  the  Bank  of  Illinois,  at  Shawneetown,  was 
chartered,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000.  At  this  period  all  banks  were 
under  the  control  of  the  States,  and  were  allowed  to  establish  branches 
at  different  convenient  points. 

Until  this  time  Chillicothe  and  Cincinnati  had  in  turn  enjoyed  the 
privileges  of  being  the  capital  of  Ohio.  But  the  rapid  settlement  of  the 
northern  and  eastern  portions  of  the  State  demanded,  as  in  Indiana,  a 
more  central  location,  and  before  the  close  of  the  year,  the  site  of  Col- 
umbus was  selected  and  surveyed  as  the  future  capital  of  the  State. 
Banking  had  begun  in  Ohio  as  early  as  1808,  when  the  first  bank  was 
chartered  at  Marietta,  but  here  as  elsewhere  it  did  not  bring  to  the  state 
the  hoped-for  assistance.  It  and  other  banks  were  subsequently  unable 
to  redeem  their  currency,  and  were  obliged  to  suspend. 

In  1818,  Illinois  was  made  a  state,  and  all  the  territory  north  of  her 
northern  limits  was  erected  into  a  separate  territory  and  joined  to  Mich- 
igan for  judicial  purposes.  By  the  following  year,  navigation  of  the  lakes 
was  increasing  with  great  rapidity  and  affording  an  immense  source  of 
revenue  to  the  dwellers  in  the  Northwest,  but  it  was  not  until  1826  that 
the  trade  was  extended  to  Lake  Michigan,  or  that  steamships  began  to 
navigate  the  bosom  of  that  inland  sea. 

Until  the  year  1832,  the  commencement  of  the  Black  Hawk  War, 
but  few  hostilities  were  experienced  with  the  Indians.  Roads  were 
opened,  canals  were  dug,  cities  were  built,  common  schools  were  estab- 
lished, universities  were  founded,  many  of  which,  especially  the  Michigan 
University,  have  achieved  a  world  wide-reputation.  The  people  were 
becoming  wealthy.  The  domains  of  the  United  States  had  been  extended, 
and  had  the  sons  of  the  forest  been  treated  with  honesty  and  justice,  the 
record  of  many  years  would  have  been  that  of  peace  and  continuous  pros- 
perity. 

BLACK  HAWK  AND  THE  BLACK  HAWK  WAR. 

This  conflict,  though  confined  to  Illinois,  is  an  important  epoch  in 
the  Northwestern  history,  being  the  last  war  with  the  Indians  in  this  part 
of  the  United  States. 

Ma-ka-tai-rae-she-kia-kiah,  or  Black  Hawk,  was  born  in  the  principal 
Sac  village,  about  three  miles  from  the  junction  of  Rock  River  with  the 
Mississippi,  in  the  year  1767.  His  father's  name  was  Py-e-sa  or  Pahaes  ; 
his  grandfather's,  Na-na-ma-kee,  or  the  Thunderer.  Black  Hawk  early 
distinguished  himself  as  a  warrior,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  permitted 
to  paint  and  was  ranked  among  the  braves.  About  the  year  1783,  he 
Went  on  an  expedition  against  the  enemies  of  his  nation,  the  Osages,  one 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERKITORY. 


75 


BLACK  HAWK,  THE  SAC  CHIEFTAIN. 


76  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

of  whom  he  killed  and  scalped,  and  for  this  deed  of  Indian  bravery  he  was 
permitted  to  join  in  the  scalp  dance.  Three  or  four  years  after  he,  at  the 
head  of  two  hundred  braves,  went  on  another  expedition  against  the 
Osages,  to  avenge  the  murder  of  some  women  and  children  belonging  to 
his  own  tribe.  Meeting  an  equal  number  of  Osage  warriors,  a  fierce 
battle  ensued,  in  which  the  latter  tribe  lost  one-half  their  number.  The 
Sacs  lost  only  about  nineteen  warriors.  He  next  attacked  the  Cherokees 
for  a  similar  cause.  In  a  severe  battle  with  them,  near  the  present  City 
of  St.  Louis,  his  father  was  slain,  and  Black  Hawk,  taking  possession  of 
the  "  Medicine  Bag,"'  at  once  announced  himself  chief  of  the  Sac  nation. 
He  had  now  conquered  the  Cherokees,  and  about  the  year  1800,  at  the 
head  of  five  hundred  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  a  hundred  lowas,  he  waged 
war  against  the  Osage  nation  and  subdued  it.  For  two  years  he  battled 
successfull}^  with  other  Indian  tribes,  all  of  whom  he  conquered. 

Black  Hawk  does  not  at  any  time  seem  to  have  been  friendly  to 
the  Americans.  When  on  a  visit  to  St.  Louis  to  see  his  "  Spanish 
Father,"  he  declined  to  see  any  of  the  Americans,  alleging,  as  a  reason, 
he  did  not  want  tivo  fathers. 

The  treaty  at  St.  Louis  was  consummated  in  1804.  The  next  year  the 
United  States  Government  erected  a  fort  near  the  head  of  the  Des  Moines 
Rapids,  called  Fort  Edwards.  This  seemed  to  enrage  Black  Hawk,  who 
at  once  determined  to  captuie  Fort  Madison,  standing  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Mississippi  above  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  fort  was 
garrisoned  by  about  fifty  men.  Here  he  was  defeated.  The  difficulties 
with  the  British  Government  arose  about  this  time,  and  the  War  of  1812 
followed.  That  government,  extending  aid  to  the  Western  Indians,  by 
giving  them  arms  and  ammunition,  induced  them  to  remain  hostile  to  the 
Americans.  In  August,  1812,  Black  Hawk,  at  the  head  of  about  five 
hundred  braves,  started  to  join  the  British  forces  at  Detroit,  passing  on 
his  way  the  site  of  Chicago,  where  the  famous  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre 
had  a  few  days  before  occurred.  Of  his  connection  with  the  British 
Government  l)ut  little  is  known.  In  1813  he  with  his  little  band  descended 
the  Mississippi,  and  attacking  some  United  States  troops  at  Fort  Howard 
was  defeated. 

In  the  early  part  of  1815,  the  Indian  tribes  west  of  the  Mississippi 
were  notified  that  peace  had  been  declared  between  the  United  States 
and  England,  and  nearly  all  hostilities  had  ceased.  Black  Hawk  did  not 
sign  any  treaty,  however,  until  May  of  the  following  year.  He  then  recog- 
nized the  validity  of  the  treaty  at  St.  Louis  in  1804.  From  the  time  of 
.signing  this  treaty  in  1816,  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1832,  he 
and  his  band  passed  their  time  in  the  common  pursuits  of  Indian  life. 

Ten  years  before  the  commencement  of  this  war,  the  Sac  and  Fox 


THE    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY.  77 

Indians  were  urged  to  join  the  lowas  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Father  of 
Waters.  All  were  agreed,  save  the  band  known  as  the  British  Band,  of 
which  Black  Hawk  was  leader.  He  strenuously  objected  to  the  removal, 
iind  was  induced  to  comply  only  after  being  threatened  with  the  power  of 
the  Government.  This  and  various  actions  on  the  part  of  the  white  set- 
tlers provoked  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  to  attempt  the  capture  of  his 
native  village  now  occupied  by  the  whites.  The  war  followed.  He  and 
his  actions  were  undoubtedly  misunderstood,  and  had  his-  wishes  been 
acquiesced  in  at  the  beginning  of  the  struggle,  much  bloodshed  would 
have  been  prevented. 

Black  Hawk  was  chief  now  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nations,  and  a  noted 
warrior.  He  and  his  tribe  inhabited  a  village  on  Rock  River,  nearly  three 
miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Mississippi,  where  the  tribe  had  lived 
many  generations.  When  that  portion  of  Illinois  was  reserved  to  them, 
they  remained  in  peaceable  possession  of  their  reservation,  spending  their 
time  in  the  enjoyment  of  Indian  life.  The  fine  situation  of  their  village 
and  the  quality  of  their  lands  incited  the  more  lawless  white  settlers,  who 
from  time  to  time  began  to  encroach  upon  the  red  men's  domain.  From 
one  pretext  to  another,  and  from  one  step  to  another,  the  crafty  white 
men  gained  a  foothold,  until  through  whisky  and  artifice  they  obtained 
deeds  from  many  of  the  Indians  for  their  possessions.  The  Indians  were 
finally  induced  to  cross  over  the  Father  of  Waters  and  locate  among  the 
lowas.  Black  Hawk  was  strenuously  opposed  to  all  this,  but  as  the 
authorities  of  Illinois  and  the  United  States  thought  this  the  best  move,  he 
was  forced  to  comply.  Moreover  other  tribes  joined  the  whites  and  urged 
the  removal.  Black  Hawk  would  not  agree  to  the  terms  of  the  treaty 
made  with  his  nation  for  their  lands,  and  as  soon  as  the  military,  called  to 
enforce  his  removal,  had  retired,  he  returned  to  the  Illinois  side  of  the 
river.  A  large  force  was  at  once  raised  and  marched  against  him.  On 
the  evening  of  May  14,  1832,  the  first  engagement  occurred  between  a 
band  from  this  army  and  Black  Hawk's  band,  in  which  the  former  were 
defeated. 

This  attack  and  its  result  aroused  the  whites.  A  large  force  of  men 
was  raised,  and  Gen.  Scott  hastened  from  the  seaboard,  by  way  of  the 
lakes,  with  United  States  troops  and  artillery  to  aid  in  the  subjugation  of 
the  Indians.  On  the  24th  of  June,  Black  Hawk,  with  200  warriors,  was 
repulsed  by  Major  Demont  between  Rock  River  and  Galena.  The  Ameri- 
can army  continued  to  move  up  Rock  River  toward  the  main  body  of 
the  Indians,  and  on  the  21st  of  July  came  upon  Black  Hawk  and  his  band, 
and  defeated  them  near  the  Blue  Mounds. 

Before  this  action.  Gen.  Henry,  in  command,  sent  word  to  the  main 
army  by  whom  he  was  immediately  rejoined,  and  the  whole  crossed  the 

Note.— The  above  is  the  generally  accepted  version  of  the  cause  of  the  Black  Hawk  War,  but  in  our  History  of 
Jo  Daviess  County.  111.,  we  bad  occasitn  to  go  to  the  bottom  of  this  matter,  and  have,  we  think,  found  the  actual 
£anse  of  the  war,  which  will  be  found  on  page  157. 


78  THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin  in  pursuit  of  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  who  were  fleeing  to  the 
Mississippi.  They  were  overtaken  on  the  2d  of  August,  and  in  the  battle 
which  followed  the  power  of  the  Indian  chief  was  completely  broken.  He 
fled,  but  was  seized  by  the  Winnebagoes  and  delivered  to  the  whites. 

On  the  21st  of  September,  1832,  Gen.  Scott  and  Gov.  Reynolds  con- 
cluded a  treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes,  Sacs  and  Foxes  by  which  they 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  vast  tract  of  country,  and  agreed  to  remain 
peaceable  with  the  whites.  For  the  faithful  performance  of  the  provi- 
sions of  this  treaty  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  it  was  stipulated  that 
Black  Hawk,  his  two  sons,  the  prophet  Wabokieshiek,  and  six  other  chiefs 
of  the  hostile  bands  should  be  retained  as  hostages  during  the  pleasure 
of  the  President.    They  were  confined  at  Fort  Barracks  and  put  in  irons. 

The  next  Spring,  l)y  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  they  were  taken 
to  Washington.  From  there  they  were  removed  to  Fortress  Monroe, 
"there  to  remain  until  the  conduct  of  their  nation  was  such  as  to  justify 
their  being  set  at  liberty."  They  were  retained  here  until  the  4th  of 
June,  when  the  authorities  directed  them  to  be  taken  to  the  principal 
cities  so  that  they  might  see  the  folly  of  contending  against  the  white 
people.  Everywhere  they  were  observed  1)}^  thousands,  the  name  of  the 
old  chief  being  extensively  known.  By  the  middle  of  August  they 
reached  Fort  Armstrong  on  Rock  Island,  where  Black  Hawk  was  soon 
after  released  to  go  to  his  countrymen.  As  he  passed  the  site  of  his  birth- 
place, now  the  home  of  the  white  man,  he  was  deeply  moved.  His  village 
where  he  was  born,  where  he  had  so  liappily  lived,  and  where  he  had 
hoped  to  die,  was  now  another's  dwelling  place,  and  he  was  a  wanderer. 

On  the  next  day  after  his  release,  he  went  at  once  to  his  tribe  and 
his  lodge.  His  wife  was  yet  living,  and  with  her  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  days.  To  his  credit  it  may  be  said  that  Black  Hawk  always  re- 
mained true  to  his  wife,  and  served  her  with  a  devotion  uncommon  among 
the  Indians,  living  with  her  upward  of  forty  years. 

Black  Hawk  now  passed  his  time  hunting  and  fishing.  A  deep  mel- 
ancholy had  settled  over  him  from  which  he  could  not  be  freed.  At  all 
times  when  he  visited  the  whites  he  was  received  with  marked  atten- 
tion. He  was  an  honored  guest  at  the  old  settlers'  reunion  in  Lee  County, 
Illinois,  at  some  of  their  meetings,  and  received  many  tokens  of  esteem. 
In  September,  1838,  while  on  his  way  to  Rock  Island  to  receive  his 
annuity  from  the  Government,  he  contracted  a  severe  cold  which  resulted 
in  a  fatal  attack  of  bilious  fever  which  terminated  his  life  on  October  3. 
His  faithful  wife,  who  was  devotedly  attached  to  him,  mourned  deeply 
during  his  sickness.  After  his  death  he  was  dressed  in  the  uniform  pre- 
sented to  him  by  the  President  while  in  Washington.  He  was  buried  in 
a  grave  six  feet  in  depth,  situated  upon  a  beautiful  eminence.     "  The 


THE    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY.  79 

bod}'  was  placed  in  the  middle  uf  the  grave,  in  a  sitting  posture,  upon  a 
.seat  constructed  for  the  purpose.  On  his  left  side,  the  cane,  given  him 
hy  Henry  Clay,  Mas  placed  upright,  with  his  right  hand  resting  upon  it. 
Many  of  the  old  warrior's  trophies  were  placed  in  the  grave,  and  some 
Indian  garments,  together  with  his  favorite  weapons."" 

No  sooner  was  the  Clack  Hawk  war  concluded  than  settlers  began 
rapidly  to  pour  into  the  northern  parts  of  Illinois,  and  into  Wisconsin, 
now  free  from  Indian  depredations.  Chicago,  from  a  trading  post,  had 
grown  to  a  commercial  center,  and  was  rapidly  coming  into  prominence. 
In  1835,  the  formation  of  a  State  Government  in  Michigan  was  discussed, 
but  did  not  take  active  form  until  two  years  later,  when  the  State  became 
a  part  of  the  Federal  Union. 

The  main  attraction  to  that  portion  of  the  Northwest  lying  west  of 
Lake  Michigan,  now  included  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  was  its  alluvial 
wealth.  Copper  ore  was  found  about  Lake  Superior.  For  some  time  this 
Tegion  was  attached  to  Michigan  for  judiciary  purposes,  but  in  183r>  was 
made  a  territory,  then  including  Minnesota  and  Iowa.  The  latter  State 
was  detached  two  years  later.  In  1848,  Wisconsin  was  admitted  as  a 
State,  Madison  being  made  the  capital.  We  have  now  traced  the  various 
divisions  of  the  Northwest  Territory  (save  a  little  in  Minnesota)  from 
the  time  it  was  a  unit  comprising  this  vast  territory,  until  circumstances 
compelled  its  present  division. 

OTHER   INDIAN   TROUBLES. 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  the  narrative,  we  will  narrate  briefly  the 
Indian  troubles  in  Minnesota  and  elsewhere  b}'  the  Sioux  Indians. 

In  August,  1862,  the  Sioux  Indians  living  on  the  western  borders  of 
Minnesota  fell  upon  the  unsuspecting  settlers,  and  in  a  few  hours  mas- 
sacred ten  or  twelve  hundred  persons.  A  distressful  panic  was  the 
immediate  result,  fully  thirty  thousand  persons  fleeing  from  their  homes 
to  districts  supposed  to  be  better  protected.  The  military  authorities 
at  once  took  active  measures  to  punish  the  savages,  and  a  large  number 
were  killed  and  captured.  About  a  year  after,  Little  Crow,  the  chief, 
was  killed  by  a  Mr.  Lampson  near  Scattered  Lake.  Of  those  captured, 
thirty  were  hung  at  Mankato,  and  the  remainder,  through  fears  of  mob 
violence,  were  removed  to  Camp  McClellan,  on  the  outskirts  of  the  City 
of  Davenport.  It  was  here  that  Big  Eagle  came  into  prominence  and 
tjeoured  his  release  by  the  following  order : 


80 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


BIG  EAGLE. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  81 

"Special  Order,  No.  430.  "War  Department, 

"  Adjutant  General's  Office,  Washington,  Dec.  3, 1864. 

"•  Big  Eagle,  an  Indian  now  in  confinement  at  Davenport,  Iowa, 
will,  upon  the  receipt  of  this  order,  be  immediately  released  from  confine- 
ment and  set  at  liberty. 

"  By  order  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
"  Official :  '^  E.  D.  Townsend,  Ass't  Adft  G-en. 

''  Capt.  James  Vanderventer,  Com'y  Sub.  Vols. 

"  Through  Com'g  Gen'l,  Washington,  D.  C." 

Another  Indian  who  figures  more  prominently  than  Big  Eagle,  and 
who  was  more  cowardly  in  his  natnre,  with  his  band  of  Modoc  Indians, 
is  noted  in  the  annals  of  the  New  Northwest:  we  refer  to  Captain  Jack. 
This  distinguished  Indian,  noted  for  his  cowardly  murder  of  Gen.  Canby, 
was  a  chief  of  a  Modoc  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting  the  border  lands 
between  California  and  Oregon.  This  region  of  country  comprises  what 
is  known  as  the  "  Lava  Beds,"  a  tract  of  land  described  as  utterly  impene- 
trable, save  by  those  savages  who  had  made  it  their  home. 

The  Modocs  are  known  as  an  exceedingly  fierce  and  treacherous 
race.  They  had,  according  to  their  own  traditions,  resided  here  for  many 
generations,  and  at  one  time  were  exceedingly  numerous  and  powerful. 
A  famine  carried  off  nearly  half  their  numbers,  and  disease,  indolence 
and  the  vices  of  the  white  man  have  reduced  them  to  a  poor,  weak  and 
insignificant  tribe. 

Soon  after  the  settlement  of  California  and  Oregon,  complaints  l)egan 
to  be  heard  of  massacres  of  emigrant  trains  passing  through  the  Modoc 
country.  In  1847,  an  emigrant  train,  comprising  eighteen  souls,  was  en- 
tirely destroyed  at  a  place  since  known  as  "  Bloody  Point."  These  occur- 
rences caused  the  United  States  Government  to  appoint  a  peace  commission, 
who,  after  repeated  attempts,  in  1864,  made  a  treaty  with  the  Modocs, 
Snakes  and  Klamaths,  in  which  it  was  agreed  on  their  part  to  remove  to 
a  reservation  set  apart  for  them  in  the  southern  part  of  Oregon. 

With  the  exception  of  Captain  Jack  and  a  band  of  his  followers,  who 
remained  at  Clear  Lake,  al)Out~  six  miles  from  Klamath,  all  the  Indians 
complied.  The  Modocs  who  went  to  the  reservation  were  under  chief 
Schonchin.  Captain  Jack  remained  at  the  lake  without  disturbance 
until  1869,  when  he  was  also  induced  to  remove  to  the  reservation.  The 
Modocs  and  the  Klamaths  soon  became  involved  in  a  quarrel,  and  Captain 
Jack  and  his  band  returned  to  the  Lava  Beds. 

Several  attempts  were  made  by  the  Indian  Commissioners  to  induce 
them  to  return  to  the  reservation,  and  finally  becoming  involved  in  a. 


S2  THK    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 

difl&culty  witli  the  commissioner  and  his  military  escort,  a  fight  ensued, 
in  which  the  cliief  and  his  hand  were  routed.  They  were  greatly  enraged, 
and  on  their  retreat,  before  the  day  closed,  killed  eleven  inoffensive  whites. 

The  nation  was  aroused  and  immediate  action  demanded.  A  com- 
mission was  at  once  appointed  by  the  Government  to  see  what  could  be 
done.  It  comprised  the  following  persons  :  Gen.  E.  R.  S.  Cauby.  Rev. 
Dr.  E.  Thomas,  a  leading  Methodist  divine  of  California ;  Mr.  A.  B. 
Meacham,  Judge  Rosborough,  of  California,  and  a  Mr.  Dyer,  of  Oregon. 
After  several  interviews,  in  whicli  the  savages  were  always  aggressive, 
often  appearing  with  scalps  in  their  belts.  Bogus  Charley  came  to  the 
commission  on  the  evening  of  April  10,  1873,  and  informed  them  that 
Capt.  Jack  and  his  band  would  have  a  "  talk  ''  to-morrow  at  a  place  near 
Clear  Lake,  about  three  miles  distant.  Here  the  Commissioners,  accom- 
panied by  Charley,  Riddle,  the  interpreter,  and  Boston  Charley  repaired. 
After  the  usual  greeting  the  council  proceedings  commenced.  On  behalf 
of  the  Indians  there  were  present :  Capt.  Jack,  Black  Jim,  Schnac  Nasty 
Jim,  Ellen's  Man,  and  Hooker  Jim.  They  had  no  guns,  but  carried  pis- 
tols. After  short  speeches  by  Mr.  Meacham,  Gen.  Canb}'  and  Dr.  Thomas, 
Chief  Schonchin  arose  to  speak.  He  had  scarcely  proceeded  when, 
as  if  by  a  preconcerted  arrangement,  Capt.  Jack  drew  his  pistol  and  shot 
Gen.  Canby  dead.  In  less  than  a  minute  a  dozen  shots  were  fired  by  the 
savages,  and  the  massacre  completed.  Mr.  Meacham  was  shot  by  Schon- 
chin, and  Dr.  Thomas  by  Boston  Charley.  Mr.  Dyer  barely  escaped,  being 
fired  at  twice.  Riddle,  the  interpreter,  and  his  squaw  escaped.  The 
troops  rushed  to  the  spot  where  they  found  Gen.  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas 
dead,  and  Mr.  Meacham  badly  wounded.  The  savages  had  escaped  to 
their  impenetrable  fastnesses  and  could  not  be  pursued. 

The  whole  country  was  aroused  by  this  brutal  massacre ;  but  it  was 
not  until  the  following  May  that  the  murderers  were  ])rought  to  justice. 
At  that  time  Boston  Charley  gave  himself  up,  and  offered  to  guide  the 
troops  to  Capt.  Jack's  stronghold.  This  led  to  the  capture  of  his  entire 
gang,  a  number  of  whom  were  murdered  by  Oregon  volunteers  while  on 
their  way  to  trial.  The  remaining  Indians  were  held  as  prisoners  until 
July  when  their  trial  occurred,  which  led  to  the  conviction  of  Capt. 
Jack,  Schonchin,  Boston  Charley,  Hooker  Jim,  Broncho,  alias  One-Eyed 
Jim,  and  Slotuck,  who  were  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  These  sentences 
were  approved  by  the  President,  save  in  the  case  of  Slotuck  and  Broncho 
whose  sentences  were  commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life.  The  others 
were  executed  at  Fort  Klamath,  October  3,  1873. 

These  closed  the  Indian  troubles  for  a  time  in  the  Northwest,  and  for 
several  years  the  borders  of  civilization  remained  in  peace.  They  were 
again  involved  in  a    conflict  with  the  savages  about  the  country  of  the 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


S3 


CAPTAIN  JACK,  THE  MODOC  CHIEFTAIN. 


rf4  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

Black  Hills,  in  which  war  the  gallant  Gen.  Custer  lost  his  life.  Just 
now  the  borders  of  Oregon  and  California  are  again  in  fear  of  hostilities  ; 
but  as  the  Government  has  learned  how  to  deal  with  the  Indians,  they 
will  be  of  short  duration.  The  red  man  is  fast  passing  aAvay  before  the 
march  of  the  white  man,  and  a  few  more  generations  will  read  of  the 
Indians  as  one  of  the  nations  of  the  past. 

The  Northwest  abounds  in  memorable  places.  We  have  generally- 
noticed  them  in  the  narrative,  but  our  space  forbids  their  description  in 
detail,  save  of  the  most  important  places.  Detroit,  Cincinnati,  Vincennes^ 
Kaskaskia  and  their  kindred  towns  have  all  been  described.  But  ere  we 
leave  the  narrative  we  will  present  our  readers  with  an  account  of  the 
Kinzie  house,  the  old  landmark  of  Chicago,  and  the  discovery  of  the 
source  of  the  Mississippi  River,  each  of  which  may  well  find  a  place  in 
the  annals  of  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  John  Kinzie,  of  the  Kinzie  house,  represented  in  the  illustra- 
tion, established  a  trading  house  at  Fort  Dearborn  in  1804.  The  stockade 
had  been  erected  the  year  previous,  and  named  Fort  Dearborn  in  honor 
of  the  Secretary  of  War.  It  had  a  block  house  at  each  of  the  two  angles, 
on  the  southern  side  a  sallyport,  a  covered  way  on  the  north  side,  that  led 
down  to  the  river,  for  the  double  j^urpose  of  providing  means  of  escape, 
and  of  procuring  water  in  the  event  of  a  siege. 

Fort  Dearborn  stood  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Chicago  River,  about 
lialf  a  mile  from  its  mouth.  When  Major  Whistler  built  it,  his  soldiers 
liauled  all  the  timber,  for  he  had  no  oxen,  and  so  economically  did  he 
work  that  the  fort  cost  the  Government  only  fifty  dollars.  For  a  while 
the  garrison  could  get  no  grain,  and  Whistler  and  his  men  subsisted  on 
acorns.     Now  Chicago  is  the  greatest  grain  center  in  the  world. 

Mr.  Kinzie  bought  the  hut  of  the  first  settler,  Jean  Baptiste  Point  au 
Sable,  on  the  site  of  which  he  erected  his  mansion.  Within  an  inclosure 
in  front  he  planted  some  Lombardy  poplars,  seen  in  the  engraving,  and  in 
the  rear  he  soon  had  a  fine  garden  and  growing  orchard. 

In  1812  the  Kinzie  house  and  its  surroundings  became  the  theater 
of  stirring  events.  The  garrison  of  Fort  Dearborn  consisted  of  fifty-four 
men,  under  the  charge  of  Capt.  Nathan  Heald,  assisted  by  Lieutenant 
Lenai  T.  Helm  (son-in-law  to  Mrs.  Kinzie),  and  Ensign  Ronan.  The 
surgeon  was  Dr.  Voorhees.  The  only  residents  at  the  post  at  that  time 
were  the  wives  of  Capt.  Heald  and  Lieutenant  Helm  and  a  few  of  the 
soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and  a  few  Canadian  voyagers  with  their 
wives  and  children.  The  soldiers  and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  the  most 
friendly  terms  with  the  Pottawatomies  and  the  Winnebagoes,  the  prin- 
cipal tribes  around  them,  but  they  could  not  win  them  from  their  attach- 
ment to  the  British. 


THE    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


86 


After  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  it  was  observed  that  some  of  the  lead- 
ing chiefs  became  sullen,  for  some  of  their  people  liad  perished  in  that 
conflict  with  American  troops. 

One  evening  in  April,  1812,  Mr.  Kinzie  sat  playing  his  violin  and  his 
children  Avere  dancing  to  the  music,  when  Mrs.  Kinzie  came  rushing  into 
the  house  pale  with  terror,  and  exclaiming,  "  The  Indians  !  the  Indians  I "' 
"  What?  Where?  "  eagerly  inquired  Mr.  Kinzie.  "  Up  at  Lee's,  killing 
and  scalping,"'  answered  the  frightened  mother,  who,  when  the  alarm  was 
given,  was  attending  Mrs.  Burns,  a  newly-nuide  mother,  living  not  fnv  off. 


KTKZIE    HOTJSE. 


Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  crossed  the  river  in  boats,  and  took  refuge  in 
the  fort,  to  wliich  place  Mrs.  Burns  and  her  infant,  not  a  day  old,  were 
conveyed  in  safety  to  the  shelter  of  the  guns  of  Fort  Dearborn,  and  the 
rest  of  the  white  inhabitants  fled.  The  Indians  were  a  scalping  party  of 
Winnebagoes,  who  hovered  around  the  fort  some  days,  when  they  dis- 
appeared, and  for  several  weeks  the  inhabitants  were  not  disturbed  by 
alarms. 

Chicago  was  then  so  deep  in  the  wilderness,  that  the  news  of  the 
declaration  of  war  against  Great  Britain,  made  on  the  19tli  of  June,  1812, 
did  not  reach  the  commander  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Dearborn  till  the  7th 
of  August.  'Now  the  fast  mail  train  will  carry  a  man  from  New  York  to 
Chicago  in  twenty-seven  hours,  and  such  a  declaration  might  be  sent, 
every  word,  by  the  telegraph  in  less  than  the  same  number  of  minutes. 


86 


THE   irOETHWEST   TEREITOKY, 


PRESENT    CONDITION    OF    THE    NORTHWEST. 

Preceding  chapters  have  brought  us  to  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  we  now  turn  to  the  contemplation  of  the  growth  and  prosperity 
of  the  Northwest  under  the  smile  of  peace  and  the  blessings  of  our  civili- 
zation.    The  pioneers  of  this  region  date  events  back  to  the  deep  snow 


!>SV^'«/ 


A    IIEPUESKXTATIVK    I'lOXKKU. 


-^  =-r'     c«>3 


of  1831,  no  one  arriving  here  since  that  date  taking  first  honors.  The 
inciting  cause  of  the  immigration  which  overflowed  the  prairies  early  in 
the  'oOs  Avas  the  reports  of  the  marvelous  beauty  and  fertility  of  the 
region  distributed  through  the  East  by  those  who  had  participated  in  the 
Black  Hawk  campaign  with  Gen.  Scott.  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  then 
had  a  few  hundred  inhabitants,  and  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard's  trail  from  the 
former  city  to  Kaskaskia  led  almost  through  a  Avilderness.  Vegetables 
and  clothing  were  largely  distributed  through  the  regions  adjoining  the 


THE  NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


87 


lakes  by  steamers  from  the  Ohio  towns.     There  are  men  now  living  in 
Illinois  who  came  to  the  state  when  barely  an  acre  was  in  cultivation, 
and  a  man  now  prominent  in  the  business  circles  of  Chicago  looked  over 
the  swampy,  cheerless  site  of  that  metropolis  in  1818  and  went  south 
ward  into  civilization.     Emigrants  from  Pennsylvania  in  1830  left  behind 


LINCOLN    MONUMENT,    SPKINGFIELD,    ILLINOIS. 

them  but  one  small  railway  in  the  coal  regions,  thirty  miles  in  length, 
and  made  their  way  to  the  Northwest  mostly  with  ox  teams,  finding  in 
Northern  Illinois  petty  settlements  scores  of  miles  apart,  although  the 
southern  portion  of  the  state  was  fairly  dotted  with  farms.  The 
water  courses  of  the  lakes  and  rivers  furnished  transportation  to  the 
second  great  army  of  immigrants,  and  about  1850  railroads  were 
pushed  to  that  extent  that  the  crisis  of  1837  was  precipitated  upon  us. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERBITORY. 


from  tlie  effects  of  which  the  Western  country  had  not  fully  recovered 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  Hostilities  found  the  colonists  of  the  prairies 
fullv  -alive  to  the  demands  of  the  occasion,  and  the  honor  of  recruiting 


the  vast  armies  of  the  •Union  fell  largely  to  the  Governors  of  the  Westera 
States.  The  struggle,  on  the  whole,  had  a  marked  eifcct  for  the  better  on  tlio 
new  Northwest,  giving  it  an  impetus  which  twenty  years  of  peace  would  not  have 
produced.  In  a  large  degree,  this  prosperity  was  an  inflated  one;  and,  with 
the  rest  of  the  Union,  we  have  since  been  compelled  to  atone  therefor  by  four 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  89 

years  of  depression  of  values,  of  scarcity  of  employment,  and  loss  of 
fortune.  To  a  less  degree,  however,  than  the  manufacturing  or  mining 
regions  has  the  West  suffered  during  the  prolonged  panic  now  so  near  its 
end.  Agriculture,  still  the  leading  feature  in  our  industries,  has  been 
quite  prosperous  through  all  these  dark  years,  and  the  farmers  have 
cleared  away  many  incumbrances  resting  over  them  from  the  period  of 
fictitious  values.  The  population  has  steadily  increased,  the  arts  and 
sciences  are  gaining  a  stronger  foothold,  the  trade  area  of  the  region  is 
becoming  daily  more  extended,  and  we  have  been  largely  exempt  from 
the  financial  calamities  which  have  nearly  wrecked  communities  on  the 
seaboard  dependent  wholly  on  foreign  commerce  or  domestic  manufacture. 

At  the  present  period  there  are  no  great  schemes  broached  for  the 
Northwest,  no  propositions  for  government  subsidies  or  national  works 
of  improvement,  but  the  capital  of  the  world  is  attracted  hither  for  the 
purchase  of  our  products  or  the  expansion  of  our  capacity  for  serving  the 
nation  at  large.  A  new  era  is  dawning  as  to  transportation,  and  we  bid 
fair  to  deal  almost  exclusively  with  the  increasing  and  expanding  lines 
of  steel  rail  running  through  every  few  miles  of  territory  on  the  prairies. 
The  lake  marine  will  no  doubt  continue  to  be  useful  in  the  warmer 
season,  and  to  serve  as  a  regulator  of  freight  rates;  but  experienced 
navigators  forecast  the  decay  of  the  system  in  moving  to  the  seaboard 
the  enormous  crops  of  the  West.  Within  the  past  five  years  it  has 
become  quite  common  to  see  direct  shipments  to  Europe  and  the  West 
Indies  going  through  from  the  second-class  towns  along  the  Mississippi 
and  Missouri. 

As  to  popular  education,  the  standard  has  of  late  risen  very  greatly, 
and  our  schools  would  be  creditable  to  any  section  of  the  Union. 

More  and  more  as  the  events  of  the  war  pass  into  obscurity  will  the 
fate  of  the  Northwest  be  linked  with  that  of  the  Southwest,  and  the 
next  Congressional  apportionment  will  give  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi 
absolute  control  of  the  legislation  of  the  nation,  and  do  much  toward 
securing  the  removal  of  the  Federal  capitol  to  some  more  central  location. 

Our  public  men  continue  to  wield  the  full  share  of  influence  pertain- 
ing to  their  rank  in  the  national  autonomy,  and  seem  not  to  forget  that 
for  the  past  sixteen  years  they  and  their  constituents  have  dictated  the 
principles  which  should  govern  the  country. 

In  a  work  like  this,  destined  to  lie  on  the  shelves  of  the  library  for 
generations,  and  not  doomed  to  daily  destruction  like  a  newspaper,  one 
can  not  indulge  in  the  same  glowing  predictions,  the  sanguine  statements 
of  actualities  that  fill  the  columns  of  ephemeral  publications.  Time  may 
bring  grief  to  the  pet  projects  of  a  writer,  and  explode  castles  erected  on 
a  pedestal  of  facts.     Yet  there  are  unmistakable  indications  before  us  of 


90  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

the  same  radical  chani^e  in  our  great  Northwest  which  characterizes  its 
history  for  the  j^ast  thirty  years.  Our  domain  has  a  sort  of  natural 
geographical  border,  save  Avhere  it  melts  away  to  the  southward  in  the 
cattle  raising  districts  of  the  southwest. 

Our  prime  interest  will  for  some  years  doubtless  be  tlie  growth  of 
the  food  of  the  Avorld,  in  Avhich  branch  it  has  already  outstri2oj)ed  all 
competitors,  and  our  great  rival  in  this  duty  will  naturally  l)e  the  fertile 
plains  of  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Colorado,  to  say  nothing  of  the  new 
empire  so  rapidly  growing  up  in  Texas.  Over  these  regions  there  is  a 
continued  progress  in  agriculture  and  in  railway  building,  and  we  must 
look  to  our  laurels.  Intelligent  observers  of  events  are  fully  aware  of 
the  strides  made  in  the  way  of  shipments  of  fresh  meats  to  Europe, 
many  of  these  ocean  cargoes  being  actually  slaughtered  in  the  West  and 
transported  on  ice  to  the  wharves  of  the  seaboard  cities.  That  this  new 
enterprise  will  continue  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt.  There  are  in 
Chicago  several  factories  for  the  canning  of  prepared  meats  for  European 
consumption,  and  the  orders  for  this  class  of  goods  are  already  immense. 
English  capital  is  becoming  daily  more  and  more  dissatisfied  with  railway 
loans  and  investments,  and  is  gradually  seeking  mammoth  outlays  in 
lands  and  live  stock.  The  stock  yards  in  Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  East 
St.  Louis  are  yearly  increasing  their  facilities,  and  their  plant  steadily 
grows  more  valuable.  Importations  of  blooded  animals  from  the  pro- 
gressive countries  of  Europe  are  destined  to  greatly  improve  the  quality 
of  our  beef  and  mutton.  Nowhere  is  there  to  be  seen  a  more  enticing 
display  in  this  line  than  at  our  state  and  county  fairs,  and  the  interest 
in  the  matter  is  on  the  increase. 

To  attempt  to  give  statistics  of  our  grain  production  for  1877  would 
be  useless,  so  far  have  we  surpassed  ourselves  in  the  quantity  and 
quality  of  our  product.  We  are  too  liable  to  forget  that  we  are  giving 
the  world  its  first  article  of  necessity  —  its  food  supply.  An  opportunity 
to  learn  this  fact  so  it  never  can  be  forgotten  was  afforded  at  Chicago  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  great  panic  of  1873,  when  Canadian  purchasers, 
fearing  the  prostrationof  business  might  bring  about  an  anarchical  condition 
of  affairs,  went  to  that  city  with  coin  in  bulk  and  foreign  drafts  to  secure 
their  supplies  in  their  own  currency  at  first  hands.  It  may  be  justly 
claimed  by  the  agricultural  community  that  their  combined  efforts  gave 
the  nation  its  first  impetus  toward  a  restoration  of  its  crippled  industries, 
and  their  labor  brought  the  gold  premium  to  a  lower  depth  than  the 
government  was  able  to  reach  by  its  most  intense  efforts  of  legislation 
and  compulsion.  The  hundreds  of  millions  about  to  be  disbursed  for 
farm  products  have  already,  by  the  anticipation  common  to  all  commercial 


THE  NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


91 


nations,  set  the  wheels  in  motion,  and  will  relieve  us  from  the  perils  so 
long  shadowing  our  efforts  to  return  to  a  healthy  tone. 

Manufacturing  has  attained  in  the  chief  cities  a  foothold  which  bids 
fair  to  render  the  Northwest  independent  of  the  outside  world.     Nearly 


our  whole  region  has  a  distribution  of  coal  measures  which  will  in  time 
support  the  manufactures  necessary  to  our  comfort  and  prosperity.  As 
to  transportation,  the  chief  factor  in  the  production  of  all  articles  except 
food,  no  section  is  so  magnificently  endowed,  and  our  facilities  are  yearlj" 
increasing  beyond  those  of  any  other  region. 


92  THE   NORTHWEST  TERRITORY. 

The  period  from  a  central  point  of  the  Mar  to  tlie  outbreak  of  the 
panic  was  marked  by  a  tremendous  growth  in  our  railway  lines,  but  the 
depression  of  the  times  caused  almost  a  total  suspension  of  operations. 
Now  that  prosperity  is  returning  to  our  stricken  country  we  witness  its 
anticipation  by  the  railroad  interest  in  a  series  of  projects,  extensions, 
and  leases  which  bid  fair  to  largely  increase  our  transportation  facilities. 
The  process  of  foreclosure  and  sale  of  incumbered  lines  is  another  matter 
to  be  considered.  In  the  case  of  the  Illinois  Central  road,  which  formerly 
transferred  to  other  lines  at  Cairo  the  vast  burden  of  freight  destined  for 
the  Gulf  region,  we  now  see  the  incorporation  of  the  tracks  connecting 
through  to  New  Orleans,  every  mile  co-operating  in  turning  toward  the 
northwestern  metropolis  the  weight  of  the  inter-state  commerce  of  a 
thousand  miles  or  more  of  fertile  plantations.  Three  competing  routes 
to  Texas  have  established  in  Chicago  .their  general  freight  and  passenger 
agencies.  Four  or  five  lines  compete  for  all  Pacific  freights  to  a  point  as 
as  far  as  the  interior  of  Nebraska.  Half  a  dozen  or  more  splendid  bridge 
structures  have  been  thrown  across  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  Rivers  by 
the  railways.  The  Chicago  and  Northwestern  line  has  become  an  aggre- 
oation  of  over  two  thousand  miles  of  rail,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  is  its  close  rival  in  extent  and  importance.  The  tliree  lines 
running  to  Cairo  via  Vincennes  form  a  through  route  for  all  traffic  with 
the  states  to  the  southward.  The  chief  projects  now  under  discussion 
are  the  Chicago  and  Atlantic,  which  is  to  unite  with  lines  now  built  to 
Charleston,  and  the  Chicago  and  Canada  Southern,  which  line  will  con- 
nect with  all  the  various  branches  of  that  Canadian  enterprise.  Our 
latest  new  road  is  the  Chicago  and  Lake  Huron,  formed  of  three  lines, 
and  entering  the  city  from  Valparaiso  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne 
and  Chicago  track.  The  trunk  lines  being  mainly  in  operation,  the 
progress  made  in  the  way  of  shortening  tracks,  making  air-line  branches, 
and  running  extensions  does  not  show  to  the  advantage  it  deserves,  as 
this  process  is  constantly  adding  new  facilities  to  the  established  order 
of  things.  The  panic  reduced  the  price  of  steel  to  a  point  where  the 
railways  could  hardly  afford  to  use  iron  rails,  and  all  our  northwestern 
lines  report  large  relays  of  Bessemer  track.  The  immense  crops  now 
being  moved  have  given  a  great  rise  to  the  value  of  railway  stocks,  and 
their  transportation  must  result  in  heavy  pecuniary  advantages. 

Few  are  aware  of  the  importance  of  the  wholesale  and  jobbing  trade 
of  Chicago.  One  leading  firm  has  since  the  panic  sold  $24,000,000  of 
dry  goods  in  one  year,  and  they  now  expect  most  confidently  to  add 
seventy  per  cent,  to  the  figures  of  their  last  year's  business.  In  boots 
and  shoes  and  hi  clothing,  twenty  or  more  great  firms  from  the  east  have 
placed  here  th^ir  distributing  agents  or  their  factories ;  and  in  groceries 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


93 


"Chicago  supplies  'the  entire  Northwest  at  rates  presenting  advantages 
over  New  York. 

Chicago  has  stepped  in  between  New  York  and  the  rural  banks  as  a 
financial  center,  and  scarcely  a  banking  institution  in  the  grain  or  cattle 
regions  but  keeps  its  reserve  funds  in  the  vaults  of  our  commercial  insti- 
tutions. Accumulating  here  throughout  the  spring  and  summer  months, 
they  are  summoned  hoipe  at  pleasure  to  move  the  products  of  the 
prairies.  This  process  greatly  strengthens  the  northwest  in  its  financial 
operations,  leaving  home  capital  to  supplement  local  operations  on 
behalf  of  home  interests. 

It  is  impossible  to  forecast  tlip  destiny  of  this  grand  and  growing 
section  of  the  Union.  Figures  and  predictions  made  at  this  date  might 
seem   ten  years  hence   so  ludicrously  small  as  to  excite   only  derision. 


HISTORY   OF   THE    NORTHWEST. 


95 


CHICAGO. 

It  is  impossible  in  our  brief  space  to  give  more  than  a  meager  sketch 
<of  such  a  city  as  Chicago,  which  is  in  itself  the  greatest  marvel  of  the 
Prairie  State.  This  mysterious,  majestic,  mighty  city,  born  first  of  water, 
and  next  of  fire ;  sown  in  weakness,  and  raised  in  power ;  planted  among 
the  willows  of  the  marsh,  and  crowned  with  the  glory  of  the  mountains  ; 
sleeping  on  the  bosom  of  the  prairie,  and  rocked  on  the  bosom  of  the  sea , 


CHICAGO  IN   lSo3. 


the  youngest  city  of  the  Avorld,  and  still  the  eye  of  the  prairie,  as  Damas- 
cus, the  oldest  city  of  the  world,  is  the  eye  of  the  desert.  With  a  com- 
uierce  far  exceeding  that  of  Corinth  on  her  isthmus,  in  the  highway  to 
the  East ;  with  the  defenses  of  a  continent  piled  around  her  by  the  thou- 
sand miles,  making  her  far   safer  than  Rome  on  the  banks  of  the  Tiber; 


U6  HISTORY    OF    THE    NORTHWEST. 

witli  schools  eclipsing  Alexandria  and  Athens :  with  liberties  more  con- 
spicuous than  those  of  the  old  republics  ;  with  a  heroism  equal  to  the  first 
Cartilage,  and  with  a  sanctity  scarcely  second  to  that  of  Jerusalem — set 
your  thoughts  on  all  this,  Hfted  into  the  eyes  of  all  men  by  the  miracle  of 
its  growth,  illuminated  by  the  flame  of  its  fall,  and  transfigured  by  the 
divinity  of  its  resurrection,  and  you  will  feel,  as  I  do,  the  utter  impossi- 
bility of  compassing  this  subject  as  it  deserves.  Some  impression  of  her 
importance  is  received  from  the  shock  her  burning  gave  to  the  civilized 
world. 

When  the  doubt  of  her  calamit}--  was  removed,  and  the  horrid  fact 
was  accepted,  there  went  a  shudder  over  all  cities,  and  a  quiver  over  all 
lands.  There  was  scarcely  a  town  in  the  civilized  world  that  did  not- 
shake  on  the  brink  of  this  opening  chasm.  The  flames  of  our  homes  red- 
dened all  skies.  The  city  was  set  upon  a  hill,  and  could  not  be  hid.  All 
eyes  were  turned  upon  it.  To  have  struggled  and  suffered  amid  the 
scenes  of  its  fall  is  as  distinguishing  as  to  have  fought  at  Thermopylae,  or 
Salamis,  or  Hastings,  or  Waterloo,  or  Bunker  Hill. 

Its  calamity  amazed  the  world,  because  it  was  felt  to  be  the  commoa 
property  of  mankind. 

The  early  history  of  the  city  is  full  of  interest,  just  as  the  early  his- 
tory of  such  a  man  as  Washington  or  Lincoln  becomes  public  property, 
and  is  cherished  Ijy  every  patriot. 

Starting  with  560  acres  in  1833,  it  embraced  and  occupied  23,000 
acres  in  1869,  and,  having  now  a  population  of  more  than  500,000,  it  com- 
mands general  attention. 

The  first  settler — Jean  Baptiste  Pointe  au  Sable,  a  mulatto  from  the 
West  Indies — came  and  began  trade  with  the  Indians  in  1796.  John 
Kinzie  became  his  successor  in  1804,  in  which  year  Fort  Dearborn  was 
erected. 

A  mere  trading-post  was  kept  here  from  that  time  till  about  the  time 
of  the  Blackhawk  war,  in  1832.  It  was  not  the  city.  It  was  merely  a 
cock  crowing  at  midnight.  The  morning  was  not  yet.  In  1833  the  set- 
tlement al)out  the  fort  was  incorporated  as  a  town-  The  voters  were 
tiTvided  on  the  propriety  of  such  corporation,  twelve  voting  for  it  and  one 
against  it.  Four  years  later  it  was  incorporated  as  a  city,  and  embraced 
660  acres. 

The  produce  handled  in  this  city  is  an  indication  of  its  power.  Grain 
and  flour  were  imported  from  the  East  till  as  late  as  1837.  The  first 
exportation  by  way  of  experiment  was  in  1839.  Exports  exceeded  imports 
first  in  1842.  The  Board  of  Trade  was  organized  in  1848,  but  it  was  so 
weak  that  it  needed  nursing  till  1855.  Grain  was  purchased  by  the 
wagon-load  in  the  street. 

I  remember  sitting  with  my  father  on  a  load  of  wheat,  in  the   long 


HISTORY    OF    THE    NORTHWEST.  9X 

line  of  wagons  along  Lake  street,  while  the  buyers  came  and  untied  the 
bags,  and  examined  the  grain,  and  made  their  bids.  That  manner  of 
business  had  to  cease  with  the  day  of  small  things.  Now  our  elevators 
will  hold  15,000,000  bushels  of  grain.  The  cash  value  of  the  produce 
handled  in  a  year  is  $215,000,000,  and  the  ^jroduce  weighs  7,000,000 
tons  or  700,000  car  loads.  This  handles  thirteen  and  a  half  ton  each 
minute,  all  the  year  round.  One  tenth  of  all  the  wheat  in  the  United 
States  is  handled  in  Chicago.  Even  as  long  ago  as  1853  the  receipts  of 
grain  in  Chicago  exceeded  those  of  the  goodly  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  in 
1854  the  exports  of  grain  from  Chicago  exceeded  those  of  New  York  and 
doubled  those  of  St.  Petersburg,  Archangel,  or  Odessa,  the  largest  grain 
markets  in  Europe. 

The  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city  are  not  contemptible.  In 
1873  manufactories  employed  45,000  operatives  ;  in  1876,  60,000.  The 
manufactured  product  in  1875  was  worth  $177,000,000. 

No  estimate  of  the  size  and  power  of  Chicago  would  be  adequate 
that  did  not  put  large  emphasis  on  the  railroads.  Before  they  came 
thundering  along  our  streets  canals  were  the  hope  of  our  country.  But 
who  ever  thinks  now  of  traveling  by  canal  packets  ?  In  June,  1852, 
there  were  only  forty  miles  of  railroad  connected  with  the  city.  The 
old  Galena  division  of  the  Northwestern  ran  out  to  Elgin.  But  now, 
who  can  count  the  trains  and  measure  the  roads  that  seek  a  terminus  or 
connection  in  this  city  ?  The  lake  stretches  away  to  the  north,  gathering 
in  to  this  center  all  the  harvests  that  might  otherwise  pass  to  the  north 
of  us.  If  you  will  take  a  map  and  look  at  the  adjustment  of  railroads^ 
you  will  see,  first,  that  Chicago  is  the  great  railroad  center  of  the  worlds 
as  New  York  is  the  commercial  city  of  this  continent ;  and,  second,  that 
the  railroad  lines  form  the  iron  spokes  of  a  great  wheel  whose  hub  is 
this  city.  The  lake  furnishes  the  only  break  in  the  spokes,  and  this 
seems  simply  to  have  pushed  a  few  spokes  together  on  each  shore.  See 
the  eighteen  trunk  lines,  exclusive  of  eastern  connections. 

Pass  round  the  circle,  and  view  their  numbers  and  extent.  There 
is  the  great  Northwestern,  with  all  its  branches,  one  branch  creeping 
along  the  lake  shore,  and  so  reaching  to  the  north,  into  the  Lake  Superior 
regions,  away  to  the  right,  and  on  to  the  Northern  Pacific  on  the  left, 
swinging  around  Green  Bay  for  iron  and  copper  and  silver,  twelve  months 
in  the  year,  and  reaching  out  for  the  wealth  of  the  great  agricultural 
belt  and  isothermal  line  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific.  Another 
branch,  not  so  far  north,  feeling  for  the  heart  of  the  Badger  State. 
Another  pushing  lower  down  the  Mississippi — all  these  make  many  con- 
nections, and  tapping  all  the  vast  wheat  regions  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  and  all  the  regions  this  side  of  sunset.  There  is  that  elegant  road, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington   &  Quincy,  running  out  a  goodly  number  of 


5)8 


HISTORY    OF    THE    NORTHWEST. 


OLD    FORT    DEARBORN,    1830. 


PRESEXT    SITE    OF    LAKE    STIIEET    liillDGE,    CHICAGO,    I X    1803. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    NORTHWEST.  99 

branches,  and  reaping  the  great  fields  this  side  of  the  Missouri  River. 
I  can  only  mention  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  our  Illinois  Central, 
described  elsewhere,  and  the  Chicago  &  Rock  Island.  Further  around 
we  come  to  the  lines  connecting  us  with  all  the  eastern  cities.  The 
Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis,  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago,  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  and  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral and  Great  Western,  give  us  many  highways  to  the  seaboard.  Thus  we 
reach  the  Mississippi  at  five  points,  from  St.  Paul  to  Cairo  and  the  Gulf 
itself  by  two  routes.  We  also  reach  Cincinnati  and  Baltimore,  and  Pitts- 
burgh and  Philadelphia,  and  New  York.  North  and  south  run  the  water 
courses  of  the  lakes  and  the  rivers,  broken  just  enough  at  this  point  to 
make  a  pass.  Through  this,  from  east  to  west,  run  the  long  lines  that 
stretch  from  ocean  to  ocean. 

This  is  the  neck  of  the  glass,  and  the  golden  sands  of  commerce 
must  pass  into  our  hands.  Altogether  we  have  more  than  10,000  miles 
of  railroad,  directly  tributary  to  this  city,  seeking  to  unload  their  wealth 
in  our  coffers.  All  these  roads  have  come  themselves  by  the  infallible 
instinct  of  capital.  Not  a  dollar  was  ever  given  by  the  city  to  secure 
one  of  them,  and  only  a  small  per  cent,  of  stock  taken  originally  by  her 
citizens,  and  that  taken  simply  as  an  investment.  Coming  in  the  natural 
order  of  events,  they  will  not  be  easily  diverted. 

There  is  still  another  showing  to  all  this.  The  connection  between 
New  York  and  San  Francisco  is  by  the  middle  route.  This  passes  inevit- 
ablv  throusfh  Chicago.  St.  Louis  wants  the  Southern  Pacific  or  Kansas 
Pacific,  and  pushes  it  out  through  Denver,  and  so  on  up  to  Cheyenne. 
But  before  the  road  is  fairly  under  way,  the  Chicago  roads  shove  out  to 
Kansas  City,  making  even  the  Kansas  Pacific  a  feeder,  and  actually  leav- 
ing St.  Louis  out  in  the  cold.  It  is  not  too  much  to  expect  that  Dakota, 
Montana,  and  Washington  Territory  will  find  their  great  market  in  Chi- 
cago. 

But  these  are  not  all.  Perhaps  I  had  better  notice  here  the  ten  or 
fifteen  new  roads  that  have  just  entered,  or  are  just  entering,  our  city. 
Their  names  are  all  that  is  necessary  to  give.  Chicago  &  St.  Paul,  look- 
ing up  the  Red  River  country  to  the  British  possessions ,  the  Chicago, 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  ;  the  Chicago,  Decatur  &  State  Line ;  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio;  the  Cliicago,  Danville  &  Vincennesi  the  Chicago  &  LaSalle  Rail- 
road ;  the  Chicago,  Pittsburgh  &  Cincinnati ;  the  Chicago  and  Canada 
Southern ;  the  Chicago  and  Illinois  River  Railroad.  These,  with  their 
connections,  and  with  the  new  connections  of  the  old  roads,  already  in 
process  of  erection,  give  to  Chicago  not  less  than  10,000  miles  of  new 
tributaries  from  the  richest  land  on  the  continent.  Thus  there  will  be 
added  to  the  reserve  power,  to  the  capital  within  reach  of  this  city,  not 
less  than  $1,000,000,000. 


lUO  HISTORY    OF   THE   iNORTHWEST. 

Add  to  all  this  transporting  power  the  ships  that  sail  one  every  nine 
minutes  of  the  business  hours  of  the  season  of  navigation  ;  add,  also,  the 
canal  boats  that  leave  one  every  five  minutes  during  the  same  time — and 
you  will  see  something  of  the  business  of  the  city. 

THE  COMMERCE  OF  THIS  CITY 

has  been  leaping  along  to  keep  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  country 
around  us.  In  1852,  our  commerce  reached  the  hopeful  sum  of 
$20,000,000.  In  1870  it  reached  -f 400,000,000.  In  1871  it  was  pushed 
up  above  ■$450,000,000.     And  in  1875  it  touched  nearly  double  that. 

One-half  of  our  imported  goods  come  directly  to  Chicago.  Grain 
enough  is  exported  directly  from  our  docks  to  the  old  world  to  employ  a 
semi-weekly  line  of  steamers  of  3,000  tons  capacity.  This  -branch  is 
not  likely  to  be  greatly  developed.  Even  after  the  great  Welland  Canal 
is  completed  we  shall  have  only  fourteen  feet  of  water.  The  great  ocean 
vessels  will  continue  to  control  the  trade. 

The  banking  capital  of  Chicago  is  $24,431,000.  Total  exchange  in 
1875,  8659,000,000.  Her  wholesale  business  in  1875  was  $294,000,000. 
The  rate  of  taxes  is  less  than  in  an}'^  other  great  city. 

The  schools  of  Chicago  are  unsurpassed  in  America.  Out  of  a  popu- 
lation of  300,000  there  were  only  186  persons  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  twenty-one  unable  to  read.     This  is  the  best  known  record. 

In  1831  the  mail  system  was  condensed  into  a  half-breed,  who  went 
on  foot  to  Niles,  Mich.,  once  in  two  weeks,  and  brought  back  what  papers 
and  news  he  could  find.  As  late  as  1846  there  was  often  oidy  one  mail 
a  week.  A  post-ofl&ce  was  established  in  Chicago  in  1833,  and  the  post- 
master nailed  up  old  boot-legs  on  one  side  of  his  shop  to  serve  as  boxes 
for  the  nabobs  and  literary  men. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  in  the  growth  of  the  young  city  that  in  the 
active  life  of  the  business  men  of  that  day  the  mail  matter  has  grown  to 
a  daily  average  of  over  6,500  pounds.  It  speaks  equally  well  for  the 
intelligence  of  the  people  and  the  commercial  importance  of  the  place, 
that  the  mail  matter  distributed  to  the  territory  immediately  tributary  to 
Chicago  is  seven  times  greater  than  that  distributed  to  the  territory 
immediately  tributary  to  St.  Louis. 

The  improvements  that  have  characterized  the  city  are  as  startling 
as  the  city  itself.  In  1831,  Mark  Beaubien  established  a  ferry  over  the 
river,  and  put  himself  under  bonds  to  carry  all  the  citizens  free  for  the 
privilege  of  charging  strangers.  Now  there  are  twenty-four  large  brid^'es 
and  two  tunnels. 

In  1833  the  government  expended  $30,000  on  the  harbor.  Then 
commenced  that  series  of  manoeuvers  with  the  river  that  has  made  it  one 


HISTORY    OF    THE    NORTHWEST.  101 

of  the  world's  curiosities.  It  used  to  wind  around  in  the  lower  end  of 
the  town,  and  make  its  way  rippling  over  the  sand  into  the  lake  at  the 
foot  of  Madison  street.  They  took  it  up  and  put  it  down  where  it  now 
is.  It  was  a  narrow  stream,  so  narrow  that  even  moderately  small  crafts 
had  to  go  up  through  the  willows  and  cat's  tails  to  the  point  near  Lake 
street  bridge,  and  back  up  one  of  the  branches  to  get  room  enough  in 
which  to  turn  around. 

In  1844  the  quagmires  in  the  streets  were  first  pontooned  by  plank 
roads,  which  acted  in  wet  weather  as  public  squirt-guns.  Keeping  you 
out  of  the  mud,  they  compromised  by  squirting  the  mud  over  you.  The 
wooden-block  pavements  came  to  Chicago  in  1857.  In  1840  water  was 
delivered  by  peddlers  in  carts  or  by  hand.  Then  a  twenty-five  horse- 
power engine  pushed  it  through  hollow  or  bored  logs  along  the  streets 
till  1854,  wlien  it  was  introduced  into  the  houses  by  new  works.  The 
first  fire-engine  was  used  in  1835,  and  the  first  steam  fire-engine  in  1859. 
Gas  was  utilized  for  lighting  the  city  in  1850.  The  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  was  organized  in  1858,  and  horse  railroads  carried  them 
to  their  work  in  1859.  The  museum  was  opened  in  1863.  The  alarm 
telegraph  adopted  in  1864.  The  opera-house  built  in  1865.  The  city 
grew  from  560  acres  in  1833  to  23,000  in  1869.  In  1834,  the  taxes 
amounted  to  $48.90,  and  the  trustees  of  the  town  borrowed  |60  more  for 
opening  and  improving  streets.  In  1835,  the  legislature  authorized  a  loan, 
of  $2,000,  and  the  treasurer  and  street  commissioners  resigned  rather  thaa 
plunge  the  town  into  such  a  gulf. 

Now  the  city  embraces  36  square  miles  of  territory,  and  has  30  miles 
of  water  front,  besides  the  outside  harbor  of  refuge,  of  400  acres,  inclosed 
by  a  crib  sea-wall.  One-third  of  the  city  has  been  raised  up  an  average 
of  eight  feet,  giving  good  pitch  to  the  263  miles  of  sewerage.  The  water 
of  the  city  is  above  all  competition.  It  is  received  through  two  tunnels 
extending  to  a  crib  in  the  lake  two  miles  from  shore.  The  closest  analy- 
sis fails  to  detect  any  impurities,  and,  received  35  feet  below  the  surface, 
it  is  always  clear  and  cold.  The  first  tunnel  is  five  feet  two  inches  in 
diameter  and  two  miles  long,  and  can  deliver  50,000,000  of  gallons  per 
day.  The  second  tunnel  is  seven  feet  in  diameter  and  six  miles  long, 
running  four  miles  under  the  city,  and  can  deliver  100,000,000  of  gal- 
lons per  day.  This  water  is  distributed  through  410  miles  of  water- 
mains. 

The  three  grand  engineering  exploits  of  the  city  are :  First,  lifting 
the  city  up  on  jack-screws,  whole  squares  at  a  time,  without  interrupting 
the  business,  thus  giving  us  good  drainage  ;  second,  running  the  tunnels 
under  the  lake,  giving  us  the  best  water  in  the  world  ;  and  third,  the 
turning  the  current  of  the  river  in  its  own  channel,  delivering  us  from  the 
old  abominations,  and  making  decency  possible.     They  redound  about 


102  HIS,TORY    OF   THE    NORTHWEST. 

equally  to  the  credit  of  the  engineering,  to  the  energy  of  the  people,  and 
to  the  health  of  the  city. 

That  which  really  constitutes  the  city,  its  indescribable  spirit,  its  soul, 
the  way  it  lights  up  in  every  feature  in  the  hour  of  action,  has  not  been 
touched.  In  meeting  strangers,  one  is  often  surprised  how  some  homely 
Avomen  marry  so  well.  Their  forms  are  bad,  their  gait  uneven  and  awk- 
ward, their  complexion  is  dull,  their  features  are  misshapen  and  mismatch- 
ed, and  when  we  see  them  there  is  no  beauty  that  we  should  desire  them. 
But  when  once  they  are  aroused  on  some  subject,  they  put  on  new  pro- 
portions. They  light  up  into  great  power.  The  real  person  comes  out 
from  its  unseemly  ambush,  and  captures  us  at  will.  They  have  power. 
They  have  ability  to  cause  things  to  come  to  pass.  We  no  longer  wonder 
why  they  are  in  such  high  demand.     So  it  is  with  our  city. 

There  is  no  grand  scenery  except  the  two  seas,  one  of  water,  the 
other  of  prairie.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  spirit  about  it,  a  push,  a  breadth, 
a  power,  that  soon  makes  it  a  place  never  to  be  forsaken.  One  soon 
ceases  to  believe  in  impossibilities.  Balaams  are  the  only  prophets  that  are 
disappointed.  The  bottom  that  has  been  on  the  point  of  falling  out  has 
been  there  so  long  that  it  has  grown  fast.  It  can  not  fall  out.  It  has  all 
the  capital  of  the  world  itching  to  get  inside  the  corporation. 

The  two  great  laws  that  govern  the  growth  and  size  of  cities  are, 
first,  the  amount  of  territory  for  which  they  are  the  distributing  and 
receiving  points  ;  second,  the  number  of  medium  or  moderate  dealers  that 
do  this  distributing.  Monopolists  build  up  themselves,  not  the  cities. 
They  neither  eat,  wear,  nor  live  in  proportion  to  their  business.  Botli 
these  laws  help  Chicago. 

The  tide  of  trade  is  eastward — not  up  or  down  the  map,  but  across 
the  maj).  The  lake  runs  up  a  wingdam  for  500  miles  to  gather  in  the 
business.  Coinmerce  can  not  ferry  up  there  for  seven  months  in  the  year, 
and  the  facilities  for  seven  months  can  do  the  work  for  twelve.  Then  the 
great  region  west  of  us  is  nearly  all  good,  productive  land.  Dropping 
south  into  the  trail  of  St.  Louis,  you  fall  into  vast  deserts  and  rocky  dis- 
tricts, useful  in  holding  the  world  together.  St.  Louis  and  Cincinnati, 
instead  of  rivaling  and  hurting  Chicago,  are  her  greatest  sureties  of 
dominion.  They  are  far  enough  away  to  give  sea-room, — farther  off  than 
Paris  is  from  London, — and  yet  they  are  near  enough  to  prevent  the 
springing  up  of  any  other  great  city  between  them. 

St.  Louis  will  be  helped  b}^  the  opening  of  the  Mississippi,  but  also 
hurt.  That  will  put  New  Orleans  on  her  feet,  and  with  a  railroad  running 
over  into  Texas  and  so  West,  she  will  tap  the  streams  that  now  crawl  up 
the  Texas  and  Missouri  road.  The  current  is  East,  not  North,  and  a  sea- 
port at  Now  Orleans  can  not  permanently  help  St.  Louis. 

Chicago  is  in  the  field  almost  alone,  to  handle  the  wealth  of  one- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    NORTHWEST.  103 

fourth  of  the  territory  of  this  great  republic.  This  strip  of  seacoast 
divides  its  margins  between  Portland,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore  and  Savannah,  or  some  other  great  port  to  be  created  for  the 
South  in  the  next  decade.  But  Chicago  has  a  dozen  empires  casting  their 
treasures  into  her  lap.  On  a  bed  of  coal  that  can  run  all  the  machinery 
of  the  world  for  500  centuries ;  in  a  garden  that  can  feed  the  race  by  the 
thousand  years;  at  the  head  of  the  lakes  that  give  her  a  temperature  as  a 
summer  resort  equaled  by  no  great  city  in  the  land  ;  with  a  climate  that 
insures  the  health  of  her  citizens ;  surrounded  by  all  the  great  deposits 
of  natural  wealth  in  mines  and  forests  and  herds,  Chicago  is  the  wonder 
of  to-day,  and  will  be  the  city  of  the  future. 

MASSACRE  AT  FORT  DEARBORN. 

During  the  war  of  1812,  Port  Dearborn  became  the  theater  of  stirring 
events.  The  garrison  consisted  of  fifty-four  men  under  command  of 
Captain  Nathan  Heald,  assisted  by  Lieutenant  Helm  (son-in-law  of  Mrs. 
Kinzie)  and  Ensign  Ronan.  Dr.  Voorhees  was  surgeon.  The  only  resi- 
dents at  the  post  at  that  time  were  the  wives  of  Captain  Heald  and  Lieu- 
tenant Helm,  and  a  few  of  the  soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and 
a  few  Canadian  voyageurs,  with  their  wives  and  children.  The  soldiers 
and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  most  friendly  terms  with  the  Pottawattamies 
and  Winnebagos,  the  principal  tribes  around  them,  but  they  could  not 
win  them  from  their  attachment  to  the  British. 

One  evening  in  April,  1812,  Mr.  Kinzie  sat  playing  on  his  violin  and 
his  children  were  dancing  to  the  music,  when  Mrs.  Kinzie  came  rushing 
into  the  house,  pale  with  terror,  and  exclaiming :  "  The  Indians !  the 
Indians!"  "What?  Where?"  eagerly  inquired  Mr.  Kinzie.  "Up 
at  Lee's,  killing  and  scalping,"  answered  the  frightened  mother,  who, 
when  the  alarm  was  given,  was  attending  Mrs.  Barnes  (just  confined) 
living  not  far  off.  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  crossed  the  river  and  took 
refuge  in  the  fort,  to  which  place  Mrs.  Barnes  and  her  infant  not  a  day 
old  were  safely  conveyed.  The  rest  of  the  inhabitants  took  shelter  in  the 
fort.  This  alarm  was  caused  by  a  scalping  party  of  Winnebagos,  who 
hovered  about  the  fort  several  days,  when  they  disappeared,  and  for  several 
weeks  the  inhabitants  were  undisturbed. 

On  the  7th  of  August,  1812,  General  Hull,  at  Detroit,  sent  orders  to 
Captain  Heald  to  evacuate  Fort  Dearborn,  and  to  distribute  all  the  United 
States  property  to  the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood — a  most  insane  order. 
The  Pottawattamie  chief,  who  brought  the  dispatch,  had  more  wisdom 
than  the  commanding  general.  He  advised  Captain  Heald  not  to  make 
the  distribution.  Said  he  :  "  Leave  the  fort  and  stores  as  they  are,  and 
let  the  Indians  make  distribution  for  themselves ;  and  while  they  are 
engaged  in  the  business,  the  white  people  may  escape  to  Fort  Wayne." 


HISTORY   OF   THE   NORTHWEST.  105 

Captain  Heald  held  a  council  with  the  Indians  on  the  afternoon  of 
the  12th,  in  which  his  officers  refused  to  join,  for  they  had  been  informed 
that  treachery  was  designed — that  the  Indians  intended  to  murder  the 
white  people  in  the  council,  and  then  destroy  those  in  the  fort.  Captain 
Heald,  however,  took  the  precaution  to  open  a  port-hole  displaying  a 
cannon  pointing  directly  upon  the  council,  and  by  that  means  saved 
his  life. 

Mr.  Kinzie,  who  knew  the  Indians  well,  begged  Captain  Heald  not 
to  confide  in  their  promises,  nor  distribute  the  arms  and  munitions  among 
them,  for  it  would  only  put  power  into  their  hands  to  destroy  the  whites. 
Acting  upon  this  advice,  Heald  resolved  to  withhold  the  munitions  of 
war ;  and  on  the  night  of  the  13th,  after  the  distribution  of  the  other 
property  had  been  made,  the  powder,  baU  and  liquors  were  thrown  into 
the  river,  the  muskets  broken  up  and  destroyed. 

Black  Partridge,  a  friendly  chief,  came  to  Captain  Heald,  and  said : 
"  Linden  birds  have  been  singing  in  my  ears  to-day:  be  careful  on  the 
march  you  are  going  to  take."  On  that  dark  night  vigilant  Indians  had 
crept  near  the  fort  and  discovered  the  destruction  of  their  promised  booty 
going  on  within.  The  next  morning  the  powder  was  seen  floating  on  the 
surface  of  the  river.  The  savages  were  exasperated  and  made  loud  com- 
plaints and  threats. 

On  the  following  day  when  preparations  were  making  to  leave  the 
fort,  and  all  the  inmates  were  deeply  impressed  with  a  sense  of  impend- 
ing danger,  Capt.  Wells,  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Heald,  was  discovered  upon 
the  Indian  trail  among  the  sand-hills  on  the  borders  of  the  lake,  not  far 
distant,  with  a  band  of  mounted  Miamis,  of  whose  tribe  he  was  chief, 
having  been  adopted  by  the  famous  Miami  warrior,  Little  Turtle.  When 
news  of  Hull's  surrender  reached  Fort  Wayne,  he  had  started  with  this 
force  to  assist  Heald  in  defending  Fort  Dearborn.  He  was  too  late. 
Every  means  for  its  defense  had  been  destroyed  the  night  before,  and 
arrangements  were  made  for  leaving  the  fort  on  the  morning  of  the  15th. 

It  was  a  warm  bright  morning  in  the  middle  of  August.  Indications 
were  positive  that  the  savages  intended  to  murder  the  white  people ;  and 
when  they  moved  out  of  the  southern  gate  of  the  fort,  the  march  was 
like  a  funeral  procession.  The  band,  feeling  the  solemnity  of  the  occa- 
sion, struck  up  the  Dead  March  in  Saul. 

Capt.  Wells,  who  had  blackened  his  face  with  gun-powder  in  token 
of  his  fate,  took  the  lead  with  his  band  of  Miamis,  followed  by  Capt. 
Heald,  with  his  wife  by  his  side  on  horseback.  Mr.  Kinzie  hoped  by  his 
personal  influence  to  avert  the  impending  blow,  and  therefore  accompanied 
them,  leaving  his  family  in  a  boat  in  charge  of  a  friendlv  Indian,  to  be 
taken  to  his  trading  station  at  the  site  of  Niles,  Michigan,  in  the  event  of 
his  death. 


106 


HISTORY    OF    THE   NORTHWEST. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    NORTHWEST.  107 

The  procession  moved  slowly  along  the  lake  shore  till  they  reached 
the  sand-hills  between  the  prairie  and  the  beach,  when  the  Pottawattamie 
escort,  under  the  leadership  of  Blackbird,  filed  to  the  right,  placing  those 
hills  between  them  and  the  white  people.  Wells,  with  his  Miamis,  had 
kept  in  the  advance.  They  suddenly  came  rushing  back,  Wells  exclaim- 
ing, "  They  are  about  to  attack  us ;  form  instantly."  These  words  were 
quickly  followed  by  a  storm  of  bullets,  which  came  whistling  over  the 
little  hills  which  the  treacherous  savages  had  made  the  covert  for  their 
murderous  attack.  The  white  troops  charged  upon  the  Indians,  drove 
them  back  to  the  prairie,  and  then  the  battle  was  waged  between  fifty- 
four  soldiers,  twelve  civilians  and  three  or  four  women  (the  cowardly 
Miamis  having  fled  at  the  outset)  against  five  hundred  Indian  warriors. 
The  white  people,  hopeless,  resolved  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible. 
Ensign  Ronan  wielded  his  weapon  vigorously,  even  after  falling  upon  his 
knees  weak  from  the  loss  of  blood.  Capt.  Wells,  who  was  by  the  side  of 
his  niece,  Mrs.  Heald,  when  the  conflict  began,  behaved  with  the  greatest 
coolness  and  courage.  He  said  to  her,  "  We  have  not  the  slightest  chance 
for  life.  We  must  part  to  meet  no  more  in  this  world.  God  bless  you." 
And  then  he  dashed  forward.  Seeing  a  young  warrior,  painted  like  a 
demon,  climb  into  a  wagon  in  which  were  twelve  children,  and  tomahawk 
them  all,  he  cried  out,  unmindful  of  his  personal  danger,  "If  that  is  your 
game,  butchering  women  and  children,  I  will  kill  too."'  He  spurred  his 
horse  towards  the  Indian  camp,  where  they  had  left  their  squaws  and 
papooses,  hotly  pursued  by  swift-footed  young  warriors,  who  sent  bullets 
whistling  after  him.  One  of  these  killed  his  horse  and  wounded  hira 
severely  in  the  leg.  With  a  yell  the  young  braves  rushed  to  make  him 
their  prisoner  and  reserve  him  for  torture.  He  resolved  not  to  be  made 
a  captive,  and  by  the  use  of  the  most  provoking  epithets  tried  to  induce 
them  to  kill  him  instantly.  He  called  a  fiery  young  chief  a  squaw,  when 
the  enraged  warrior  killed  Wells  instantly  with  his  tomahawk,  jumped 
upon  his  body,  cut  out  his  heart,  and  ate  a  portion  of  the  warm  morsel 
with  savage  delight ! 

In  this  fearful  combat  women  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  Mrs.  Heald 
was  an  excellent  equestrian  and  an  expert  in  the  use  of  the  rifle.  She 
fought  the  savages  bravely,  receiving  several  severe  wounds.  Though 
faint  from  the  loss  of  blood,  she  managed  to  keep  her  saddle.  A  savage 
raised  his  tomahawk  to  kill  her,  when  she  looked  hira  full  in  the  face, 
and  with  a  sweet  smile  and  in  a  gentle  voice  said,  in  his  own  language, 
"  Surely  you  will  not  kill  a  squaw !  "  The  arm  of  the  savage  fell,  and 
the  life  of  the  heroic  woman  was  saved. 

Mrs.  Helm,  the  step-daughter  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  had  an  encounter  with 
a  stout  Indian,  who  attempted  to  tomahawk  her.  Springing  to  one  side, 
she  received  the  glancing  blow  on  her  shoulder,  and  at  the  same  instant, 


108  HISTORY    OF   THE    NORTHWEST. 

«eized  the  savage  round  the  neck  with  her  arms  and  endeavored  to  get 
hold  of  his  scalping  knife,  which  hung  in  a  slieath  at  his  breast.  While 
she  was  thus  struggling  she  was  dragged  from  lier  antagonist  by  anc  ':hei 
powerful  Indian,  who  bore  her,  in  spite  of  her  struggles,  to  the  margin 
of  the  lake  and  plunged  her  in.  To  her  astonishment  she  was  held  by 
him  so  that  she  would  not  drown,  and  she  soon  perceived  that  she  was 
in  the  hands  of  the  friendly  Black  Partridge,  who  had  saved  her  life. 

The  wife  of  Sergeant  Holt,  a  large  and  powerful  woman,  behaved  as 
bravely  as  an  Amazon.  She  rode  a  fine,  high-spirited  horse,  which  the 
Indians  coveted,  and  several  of  them  attacked  her  with  the  butts  of  their 
guns,  for  the  purpose  of  dismounting  her ;  but  she  used  the  sword  which 
she  had  snatched  from  her  disabled  husband  so  skillfully  that  she  foiled 
them ;  and,  suddenly  wheeling  her  horse,  she  dashed  over  the  prairie, 
followed  by  the  savages  shouting.  "  The  brave  woman  !  the  brave  woman ! 
Don't  hurt  her  I "'  The}'  finally  overtook  her,  and  while  she  was  fighting 
them  in  front,  a  powerful  savage  came  up  behind  her,  seized  her  by  the 
neck  and  dragged  her  to  the  ground.  Horse  and  woman  were  made 
captives.  Mrs.  Holt  was  a  long  time  a  captive  among  the  Indians,  but 
was  afterwards  ransomed. 

In  this  sharp  conflict  two-thirds  of  the  white  people  were  slain  and 
wounded,  and  all  their  horses,  baggage  and  provision  were  lost.  Only 
twenty-eight  straggling  men  now  remained  to  fight  five  hundred  Indians 
rendered  furious  by  the  sight  of  blood.  They  succeeded  in  breaking 
through  the  ranks  of  the  murderers  and  gaining  a  slight  eminence  on  the 
prairie  near  the  Oak  Woods.  The  Indians  did  not  pursue,  but  gathered 
on  their  flanks,  while  the  chiefs  held  a  consultation  on  the  sand-hills,  and 
showed  signs  of  willingness  to  parley.  It  would  have  been  madness  on 
the  part  of  the  whites  to  renew  the  fight ;  and  so  Capt.  Heald  went  for- 
ward and  met  Blackbird  on  the  open  prairie,  where  terms  of  surrender 
were  soon  agreed  upon.  It  was  arranged  that  the  white  people  should 
give  up  their  arms  to  Blackbird,  and  that  the  survivors  should  l)ecome 
prisoners  of  war,  to  be  exchanged  for  ransoms  as  •soon  as  practicable. 
With  this  understanding  captives  and  captors  started  for  the  Indian 
camp  near  the  fort,  to  which  Mrs.  Helm  had  been  taken  bleeding  and 
suffering  by  Black  Partridge,  and  had  met  her  step-father  and  learned 
that  her  luisband  was  safe. 

A  new  scene  of  horror  was  now  opened  at  the  Indian  camp.  The 
wounded,  not  being  included  in  the  terms  of  surrender,  as  it  was  inter- 
preted Ijy  the  Indians,  and  the  British  general.  Proctor,  having  offered  a 
liberal  bounty  for  American  scalps,  delivered  at  Maiden,  nearly  all  the 
wounded  men  were  killed  and  scalped,  and  the  price  of  the  trophies  was 
afterwards  paid  by  the  British  government. 


THE   STATE   OF  IOWA. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  SITUATION. 

The  State  of  Iowa  has  an  outline  figure  nearly  approaching  that  of  a  rec- 
tangular parallelogram,  the  northern  and  southern  boundaries  being  nearly  due 
east  and  west  lines,  and  its  eastern  and  western  boundaries  determined  by 
southerly  flowing  rivers — the  Mississippi  on  the  east,  and  the  Missouri,  together 
with  its  tributary,  the  Big  Sioux,  on  the  west.  The  northern  boundary  is  upon 
the  parallel  of  forty-three  degrees  thirty  minutes,  and  the  southern  is  approxi- 
mately upon  that  of  forty  degrees  and  thirty-six  minutes.  The  distance  from 
the  northern  to  the  southern  boundary,  excluding  the  small  prominent  angle  at 
the  southeast  corner,  is  a  little  more  than  two  hundred  miles.  Owino;  to  the 
irregularity  of  the  river  boundaries,  however,  the  number  of  square  miles  does 
not  reach  that  of  the  multiple  of  these  numbers ;  but  according  to  a  report  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  the  United  States  Senate,  March  12,  1863, 
the  State  of  Iowa  contains  35,228,200  acres,  or  55,044  square  miles.  When  it 
is  understood  that  all  this  vast  extent  of  surface,  except  that  which  is  occupied 
by  our  rivers,  lakes  and  peat  beds  of  the  northern  counties,  is  susceptible  of  the 
highest  cultivation,  some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  immense  agricultural 
resources  of  the  State.  Iowa  is  nearly  as  large  as  England,  and  twice  as  large 
as  Scotland ;  but  when  we  consider  the  relative  area  of  surface  which  may  be 
made  to  yield  to  the  wants  of  man,  those  countries  of  the  Old  World  will  bear 
no  comparison  with  Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No  complete  topographical  survey  of  the  State  of  Iowa  has  yet  been  made. 
Therefore  all  the  knowledge  we  have  yet  upon  the  subject  has  been  obtained 
from  incidental  observations  of  geological  corps,  from  barometrical  observations 
by  authority  of  the  General  Government,  and  levelings  done  by  railroad  en- 
gineer corps  within  the  State. 

Taking  into  view  the  facts  that  the  highest  point  in  the  State  is  but  a  little 
more  than  twelve  hundred  feet  above  the  lowest  point,  that  these  two  points  are 
nearly  three  hundred  miles  apart,  and   that   the  whole  State  is  traversed  by 

1  i  10 


110  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

gently  flowing  rivers,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  reality  the  State  of  Iowa  rests 
wholly  within,  and  comprises  a  part  of.  a  vast  plain,  with  no  mountain  or  hill 
ranges  within  its  borders, 

A  clearer  idea  of  the  great  uniformity  of  the  surface  of  the  State  may  be 
obtained  from  a  statement  of  the  general  slopes  in  feet  per  mile,  from  point  to 
point,  in  straight  lines  across  it : 

From  the  N.  E.  corner  to  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  State 1  foot  1  inch  per  mile. 

From  the  N.  E.  corner  to  Spirit  Lake 5  feet  5  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  N.  W.  corner  to  Spirit  Lake 5  feetO  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  N.  \V.  corner  to  the  S.  AV.  corner  of  the  State 2  feet  0  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  S.  W   corner  to  the  highest  ridge  between  the  two 

great  rivers  (in  Ringgold  County) 4  feet  1  inch  per  mile 

From  the  dividing  ridge  in  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  State 5  feet  7  inches  per  mile. 

From  the  highest  point  in  the  State  (near  Spirit  Lake)  to  the 
lowest  point  in  the  State  (at  the  mouth  of  Des  Moines 
River) 4  feet  0  inches  per  mile. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  there  is  a  good  degree  of  propriety  in  regard- 
ing the  whole  State  as  a  part  of  a  great  plain,  the  lowest  point  of  which  within 
its  borders,  the  southeast  corner  of  the  State,  is  only  444  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  average  height  of  the  whole  State  above  the  level  of  the  sea  is 
not  far  from  eight  hundred  feet,  although  it  is  more  than  a  thousand  miles 
inland  from  the  nearest  sea  coast.  These  remarks  are,  of  course,  to  be  under- 
stood as  applying  to  the  surface  of  the  State  as  a  whole.  When  we  come  to 
consider  its  surface  feature  in  detail,  we  find  a  great  diversity  of  surface  by  the 
formation  of  valleys  out  of  the  general  level,  which  have  been  evolved  by  the 
action  of  streams  during  the  unnumbered  years  of  the  terrace  epoch. 

It  is  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  State  that  the  river  valleys  are  deepest ; 
consequently  the  country  there  has  the  greatest  diversity  of  surface,  and  its 
physical  features  are  most  strongly  marked. 

DRAINAGE   SYSTEM. 

The  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers  form  the  eastern  and  western  bounda- 
ries of  the  State,  and  receive  the  eastern  and  western  drainage  of  it. 

The  eastern  drainage  system  comprises  not  far  from  two-thirds  of  the  en- 
tire surface  of  the  State.  The  great  watershed  which  divides  these  two  systems 
is  formed  by  the  highest  land  between  those  rivers  along  the  whole  length  of  a 
line  running  soutliward  from  a  point  on  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  State 
near  Spirit  Lake,  in  Dickinson  County,  to  a  nearly  central  point  in  the  northern 
part  of  Adair  County. 

From  the  last  named  point,  this  highest  ridge  of  land,  between  the  two  great 
rivers,  continues  southward,  without  change  of  character,  through  Ringgold 
County  into  the  State  of  Missouri ;  but  southward  from  that  point,  in  Adair 
County,  it  is  no  longer  the  great  watershed.  From  tliat  point,  another  and 
lower  ridge  bears  off  more  nearly  southeastward,  through  the  counties  of  Madi- 
son, Clarke,  Lucas  and  Appanoose,  and  becomes  itself  the  great  watershed. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  Ill 

RIVERS. 

All  Streams  that  rise  in  Iowa  rise  upon  the  incoherent  surface  deposits, 
occupying  at  first  only  slight  depressions  in  the  surface,  and  scarcely  percept- 
ible.    These  successively  coalesce  to  form  the  streams. 

The  drift  and  bluff  deposits  are  both  so  thick  in  Iowa  that  its  streams  not 
only  rise  upon  their  surface,  but  they  also  reach  considerable  depth  into  these 
deposits  alone,  in  some  cases  to  a  depth  of  nearly  two  hundred  feet  from  the 
general  prairie  level. 

The  majority  of  streams  that  constitute  the  western  system  of  Iowa  drainage 
run,  either  along  the  whole  or  a  part  of  their  course,  upon  that  peculir  deposit 
known  as  bluff  deposit.  Their  banks  are  often,  even  of  the  small  streams, 
from  five  to  ten  feet  in  height,  quite  perpendicular,  so  that  they  make  the 
streams  almost  everywhere  unfordable,  and  a  great  impediment  to  travel  across 
the  open  country  where  there  are  no  bridges. 

The  material  of  this  deposit  is  of  a  slightly  yellowish  ash  color,  except 
where  darkened  by  decaying  vegetation,  very  fine  and  silicious,  but  not  sandy, 
not  very  cohesive,  and  not  at  all  plastic.  It  forms  excellent  soil,  and  does  not 
bake  or  crack  in  drying,  except  limy  concretions,  which  are  generally  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  mass,  m  shape  and  size  resembling  pebbles ;  not  a 
stone  or  pebble  can  be  found  in  the  whole  deposit.  It  was  called  "  silicious 
marl"  by  Dr.  Owen,  in  his  geological  report  to  the  General  Government,  and 
its  origin  referred  to  an  accumulation  of  sediment  in  an  ancient  lake,  which 
was  afterward  drained,  when  its  sediment  became  dry  land.  Prof.  Swallaw 
gives  it  the  name  of  "bluff,"  which  is  here  adopted;  the  term  Lacustral  would 
have  been  better.  The  peculiar  properties  of  this  deposit  are  that  it  will  stand 
securely  with  a  precipitous  front  two  hundred  feet  high,  and  yet  is  easily 
excavated  with  a  spade.  Wells  dug  in  it  require  only  to  be  walled  to  a  point  just 
above  the  water  line.  Yet,  compact  as  it  is,  it  is  very  porous,  so  that  water 
which  falls  on  its  surface  does  not  remain,  but  percolates  through  it;  neither 
does  it  accumulate  within  its  mass,  as  it  does  upon  the  surface  of  and  Avithin 
the  drift  and  the  stratified  formations. 

The  bluff  deposit  is  known  to  occupy  a  region  through  which  the  Missouri 
runs  almost  centrally,  and  measures,  as  far  as  is  known,  more  than  two  hun- 
dred miles  in  length  and  nearly  one  hundred  miles  in  width.  The  thickest 
part  yet  known  in  Iowa  is  in  Fremont  County,  where  it  reaches  two  hundred 
feet.  The  boundaries  of  this  deposit  in  Iowa  are  nearly  as  follows :  Com- 
mencing at  the  southeast  corner  of  Fremont  County,  follow  up  the  watershed 
between  the  East  Nishnabotany  and  the  West  Tarkio  Rivers  to  the  southern 
boundary  of  Cass  County ;  thence  to  the  center  of  Audubon  County  ;  thence 
to  Tip  Top  Station,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway ;  thence  by  a 
broad  curve  Avestward  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Plymouth  County. 

This  deposit  is  composed  of  fine  sedimentary  particles,  similar  to  t,'iat 
which  the  Missouri  River  now  deposits  from  its  waters,  and  is  the  same  which 


112  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

that  river  did  deposit  in  a  broad  depression  in  the  surface  of  the  drift  that 
formed  a  lake-like  expansion  of  that  river  in  tlie  earliest  period  of  the  history 
of  its  valley.  Tliat  lake,  as  shown  by  its  deposit,  which  now  remains,  was 
about  one  hundred  miles  wide  and  more  than  twice  as  long.  The  water  of  the 
river  was  muddy  then,  as  now,  and  the  broad  lake  became  filled  with  the  sedi- 
ment which  the  river  brought  down,  before  its  valley  had  enough  in  the  lower 
portion  of  its  course  to  drain  it.  After  the  lake  became  filled  with  the  sedi- 
ment, the  valley  below  became  deepened  by  the  constant  erosive  action  of  the 
waters,  to  a  depth  of  more  than  sufficient  to  have  drained  the  lake  of  its  first 
waters ;  but  the  only  effect  then  was  to  cause  it  to  cut  its  valley  out  of  the  de- 
posits its  own  muddy  waters  had  formed.  Thus  along  the  valley  of  that  river, 
so  far  as  it  forms  the  western  boundary  of  Iowa,  the  blufis  which  border  it  are 
composed  of  that  sediment  known  as  bluff  deposit,  forming  a  distinct  border 
along  the  broad,  level  flood  plain,  the  width  of  which  varies  from  five  to  fifteen 
miles,  while  the  original  sedimentary  deposit  stretches  far  inland. 

All  the  rivers  of  the  western  system  of  drainage,  except  the  Missouri  itself, 
are  quite  incomplete  as  rivers,  in  consequence  of  their  being  really  only 
branches  of  other  larger  tributaries  of  that  great  river ,  or,  if  they  empty  into 
the  Missouri  direct,  they  have  yet  all  the  usual  characteristics  of  Iowa  rivers, 
from  their  sources  to  their  mouths. 

Chariton  and  G-rand  Rivers  both  rise  and  run  for  the  first  twenty-five  miles 
of  their  courses  upon  the  drift  deposit  alone.  The  first  strata  that  are  exposed 
by  the  deepening  valleys  of  both  these  streams  belong  to  the  upper  coal  meas- 
ures, and  they  both  continue  upon  the  same  formation  until  they  make  their 
exit  from  the  State  (the  former  in  Appanoose  County,  the  latter  in  Ringgold 
County),  near  the  boundary  of  which  they  have  passed  nearly  or  quite  through 
the  whole  of  that  formation  to  the  middle  coal  measures.  Their  valleys  gradu- 
ally deepen  from  their  upper  portions  downward,  so  that  within  fifteen  or  twenty 
miles  they  have  reached  a  depth  of  near  a  hundred  and  fifty  feet  below  the  gen- 
eral level  of  the  adjacent  high  land.  When  the  rivers  have  cut  their  valleys 
down  through  the  series  of  limestone  strata,  they  reach  those  of  a  clayey  com- 
position. Upon  these  they  widen  their  valleys  and  make  broad  flood  plains 
(commonly  termed  "bottoms"),  the  soil  of  which  is  stiff  and  clayey,  except 
where  modified  by  sandy  washings. 

A  considerable  breadth  of  woodland  occupies  the  bottoms  and  valley  sides 
along  a  great  part  of  their  length  ;  but  their  upper  branches  and  tributaries  aie 
mostly  prairie  streams. 

Platte  River. — This  river  belongs  mainly  to  Missouri.  Its  upper  branches 
pass  through  Ringgold  County,  and,  with  the  west  fork  of  the  Grand  River, 
drain  a  large  region  of  country. 

Here  the  drift  deposit  reaches  its  maximum  thickness  on  an  east  and  west 
line  across  the  State,  and  the  valleys  are  eroded  in  some  instances  to  a  depth  of 
two  hundred  feet,  apparently,  through  this  deposit  alone. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  11^ 

The  term  '-  drift  deposit "  applies  to  the  soil  and  sub-soil  of  the  greater  part 
of  the  State,  and  in  it  alone  many  of  our  wells  are  dug  and  our  forests  take 
root.  It  rests  upon  the  stratified  rocks.  It  is  composed  of  clay,  sand,  gravel 
aud  boulders,  promiscuously  intermixed,  without  stratification,  varying  in  char- 
acter in  different  parts  of  the  State. 

The  proportion  of  lime  in  the  drift  of  Iowa  is  so  great  that  the  water  of  all 
our  wells  and  springs  is  too  '*  hard  "  for  washing  purposes  ;  and  the  same  sub- 
stance is  so  prevalent  in  the  drift  clays  that  they  are  always  found  to  have  suffi- 
cient flux  when  used  for  the  manufacture  of  brick. 

One  Hundred  and  Two  River  is  represented  in  Taylor  County,  the  valleys 
of  which  have  the  same  general  character  of  those  j  ust  described.  The  country 
around  and  between  the  east  and  west  forks  of  this  stream  is  almost  entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway  River. — This  stream  is  represented  by  east,  middle  and  west 
branches.  The  two  former  rise  in  Adair  County,  the  latter  in  Cass  County. 
These  rivers  and  valleys  are  fine  examples  of  the  small  rivers  and  valleys  of 
Southern  Iowa.  They  have  the  general  character  of  drift  valleys,  and  with 
beautiful  undulating  and  sloping  sides.  The  Nodaways  drain  one  of  the  finest 
agricultural  regions  in  the  State,  the  soil  of  which  is  tillable  almost  to  their  very 
banks.  The  banks  and  the  adjacent  narrow  flood  plains  are  almost  everywhere 
composed  of  a  rich,  deep,  dark  loam. 

Nishiahotany  River. — This  river  is  represented  by  east  and  west  branches, 
the  former  having  its  source  in  Anderson  County,  the  latter  in  Shelby  County. 
Both  these  branches,  from  their  source  to  their  confluence — and  also  the  main 
stream,  from  thence  to  the  point  where  it  enters  the  great  flood  plain  of  the 
Missouri — run  through  a  region  the  surface  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  bluff 
deposit.  The  West  Nishnabotany  is  probably  without  any  valuable  mill  sites. 
In  the  western  part  of  Cass  County,  the  East  Nishnabotany  loses  its  identity 
by  becoming  abruptly  divided  up  into  five  or  six  different  creeks.  A  few 
good  mill  sites  occur  here  on  this  stream.  None,  however,  that  are  thought 
reliable  exist  on  either  of  these  rivers,  or  on  the  main  stream  below  the 
confluence,  except,  perhaps,  one  or  two  in  Montgomery  County.  The 
valleys  of  the  two  branches,  and  the  intervening  upland,  possess  remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer  River. — Until  it  enters  the  flood  plain  of  the  Missouri,  the  Boyer 
runs  almost,  if  not  quite,  its  entire  course  through  the  region  occupied  bv  the 
bluff  deposit,  and  has  cut  its  valley  entirely  through  it  along  most  of  its  pas- 
sage. The  only  rocks  exposed  are  the  upper  coal  measures,  near  Reed's  mill,  in 
Harrison  County.  The  exposures  are  slight,  and  are  the  most  northerly  now 
known  in  Iowa.  The  valley  of  this  river  has  usually  gently  sloping  sides,  and  an 
ndistinctly  defined  flood  plain.  Along  the  lower  half  of  its  course  the  adjacent 
upland  presents  a  surface  of  the  billowy  character,  peculiar  to  the  bluff  deposit. 
The  source  of  this  river  is  in  Sac  County. 


114  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Soldier  River, — The  east  and  middle  branches  of  this  stream  have  their 
source  in  Crawford  County,  and  the  west  branch  in  Ida  County.  The  whole 
course  of  this  river  is  through  the  bluff  deposit.  It  has  no  exposure  of  strata 
along  its  course. 

Little  Sioux  River. — Under  this  head  are  included  both  the  main  and  west 
branches  of  that  stream,  together  with  the  Maple,  which  is  one  of  its  branches. 
The  west  branch  and  the  Maple  are  so  similar  to  the  Soldier  River  that  they 
need  no  separate  description.  The  main  stream  has  its  boundary  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State,  and  runs  most  of  its  course  upon  drift  deposit 
alone,  entering  the  region  of  the  bluff  deposit  in  the  southern  part  of  Cherokee 
County.  The  two  principal  upper  branches,  near  their  source  in  Dickinson 
and  Osceola  .Counties,  are  small  prairie  creeks,  with  indistinct  valleys.  On 
entering  Clay  County,  the  valley  deepens,  and  at  their  confluence  has  a  depth 
of  one  hundred  feet,  which  still  further  increases  until  along  the  boundary  line 
between  Clay  and  Buena  Vista  Counties,  it  reaches  a  depth  of  two  hundred 
feet.  Just  as  the  valley  enters  Cherokee  County,  it  turns  to  the  southward  and 
becomes  much  widened,  with  its  sides  gently  sloping  to  the  uplands.  When  the 
valley  enters  the  region  of  the  bluff  deposit,  it  assumes  the  billowy  appearance. 
No  exposures  of  strata  of  any  kind  have  been  found  in  the  valley  of  the  Little 
Sioux  or  any  of  its  branches. 

Floyd  River. — This  river  rises  upon  the  drift  in  O'Brien  County,  and  flow- 
ing southward  enters  the  region  of  the  bluff  deposit  a  little  north  of  the  center 
of  Plymouth  County.  Almost  from  its  source  to  its  mouth  it  is  a  prairie  stream, 
with  slightly  sloping  valley  sides,  which  blend  gradually  with  the  uplands.  A 
single  slight  exposure  of  sandstone  of  cretaceous  age  occurs  in  the  valley  near 
Sioux  City,  and  which  is  the  only  known  exposure  of  rock  of  any  kind  along 
its  whole  length.  Near  this  exposure  is  a  mill  site,  but  farther  up  the  stream 
it  is  not  valuable  for  such  purposes. 

Rock  River. — This  stream  passes  through  Lyon  and  Sioux  Counties.  It 
was  evidently  so  named  from  the  fact  that  considerable  exposures  of  the  red 
Sioux  quartzite  occur  along  the  main  branches  of  the  stream  in  Minnesota,  a 
few  miles  north  of  our  State  boundary.  Within  this  State  tlie  main  stream  and 
its  branches  are  drift  streams,  and  strata  are  exposed.  The  beds  and  banks  of 
the  streams  are  usually  sandy  and  gravelly,  with  occasional  boulders  intermixed. 

Big  Sioux  River. — The  valley  of  this  river,  from  tlie  northwest  corner  of 
the  State  to  its  mouth,  possesses  much  the  same  character  as  all  the  streams  of 
the  surface  deposits.  At  Sioux  Falls,  a  few  miles  above  the  northwest  corner 
of  the  State,  the  stream  meets  with  remarkable  obstructions  from  the  presence 
of  Sioux  quartzite,  which  outcrops  directly  across  the  stream,  and  causes  a  fall 
of  about  sixty  feet  within  a  distance  of  half  a  mile,  producing  a  series  of  cas- 
cades. For  the  first  twenty-five  miles  above  its  mouth,  the  valley  is  very  broad, 
•with  a  broad,  flat  flood  plain,  with  gentle  slopes  occasionally  showing  indistinctly 
defined  terraces.     These  terraces  and  valley  bottoms  constitute  some  of  the  finest 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  115 

agricultural  land  of  the  region.  On  the  Iowa  side  of  the  valley  the  upland 
presents  abrupt  bluffs,  steep  as  the  materials  of  which  they  are  composed  will 
stand,  and  from  one  hundred  to  nearly  two  hundred  feet  high  above  the  stream. 
At  rare  intervals,  about  fifteen  miles  from  its  mouth,  the  cretaceous  strata  are 
found  exposed  in  the  foce  of  the  bluffs  of  the  Iowa  side.  No  other  strata  are 
exposed  along  that  part  of  the  valley  which  borders  our  State,  with  the  single 
exception  of  Sioux  quartzite  at  its  extreme  northwestern  corner.  Some  good  mill 
sites  may  be  secured  along  that  portion  of  this  river  which  borders  Lyon  County, 
but  below  this  the  fall  will  probably  be  found  insufficient  and  the  location  for 
dams  insecure. 

Missouri  River. — This  is  one  of  the  muddiest  streams  on  the  globe,  and  its 
waters  are  known  to  be  very  turbid  far  toward  its  source.  The  chief  pecul- 
iarity of  this  river  is  its  broad  flood  plains,  and  its  adjacent  bluff  deposits. 
^luch  the  greater  part  of  the  flood  jilain  of  this  river  is  upon  the  Iowa  side,  and 
continuous  from  the  south  boundary  line  of  the  State  to  Sioux  City,  a  distance 
of  more  than  one  hundred  miles  in  length,  varying  from  three  to  five  miles  in 
width.  This  alluvial  plain  is  estimated  to  contain  more  than  half  a  million  acres 
of  land  within  the  State,  upward  of  four  hundred  thousand  of  which  are  now 
tillable. 

The  rivers  of  the  eastern  system  of  drainage  have  quite  a  difierent  character 
from  those  of  the  western  system.  They  are  larger,  longer  and  have  their  val- 
leys modified  to  a  much  greater  extent  by  the  underlying  strata.  For  the  lat- 
ter reason,  water-power  is  much  more  abundant  upon  them  than  upon  the 
streams  pf  the  western  system. 

Des  Moines  River. — This  river  has  its  source  in  Minnesota,  but  it  enters 
Iowa  before  it  has  attained  any  size,  and  flows  almost  centrally  through  it  from 
northwest  to  southeast,  emptying  into  the  Mississippi  at  the  extreme  southeast- 
ern corner  of  the  State.  It  drains  a  greater  area  than  any  river  within  the 
State.  The  upper  portion  of  it  is  divided  into  two  branches  known  as  the  east 
and  west  forks.  These  unite  in  Humboldt  County.  The  valleys  of  these 
branches  above  their  confluence  are  drift-valleys,  except  a  few  small  exposures 
of  subcarboniferous  limestone  about  five  miles  above  their  confluence.  These 
exposures  produce  several  small  mill-sites.  The  valleys  vary  from  a  few  hun- 
dred yards  to  half  a  mile  in  width,  and  are  the  finest  agricultural  lands.  In  the 
northern  part  of  Webster  County,  the  character  of  the  main  valley  is  modified 
by  the  presence  of  ledges  and  low  cliffs  of  the  subcarboniferous  limestone  and 
gypsum.  From  a  point  a  little  below  Fort  Dodge  to  near  Amsterdam,  in  Ma- 
rion County,  the  river  runs  all  the  way  through  and  upon  the  lower  coal-meas- 
ure strata.  Along  this  part  of  its  course  the  flood-plain  varies  from  an  eighth 
to  half  a  mile  or  more  in  width.  From  Amsterdam  to  Ottumwa  the  subcarbon- 
iferous limestone  appears  at  intervals  in  the  valley  sides.  Near  Ottumwa,  the  sub- 
carboniferous rocks  pass  beneath  the  river  again,  bringing  down  the  coal-measure 
strata  into  its  bed  ;  but  they  rise  again  from  it  in  the  extreme  northwestern  part 


116  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  Van  Buren  County,  and  subcarboniferous  strata  resume  and  keep  their  place 
along"  the  valley  to  the  north  of  the  river.  From  Fort  Dodge  to  the  northern 
part  of  Lee  County,  the  strata  of  the  lower  coal  measures  are  present  in  the 
valley.  Its  flood  plain  is  frequently  sandy,  from  the  debris  of  the  sandstone 
and  sandy  shales  of  the  coal  measures  produced  by  their  removal  in  the  process 
of  the  formation  of  the  valley. 

The  principal  tributaries  of  the  Des  Moines  are  upon  the  western  side. 
These  are  the  Raccoon  and  the  three  rivers,  viz.:  South,  Middle  and  North  Riv- 
ers. The  three  latter  have  their  source  in  the  region  occupied  by  the  upper 
coal-measure  limestone  formation,  flow  eastward  over  the  middle  coal  measures, 
and  enter  the  valley  of  the  Des  Moines  upon  the  lower  coal  measures.  These 
streams,  especially  South  and  Middle  Rivers,  are  frequently  bordered  by  high, 
rocky  clifis.  Raccoon  River  has  its  source  upon  the  heavy  surface  deposits  of 
the  middle  region  of  Western  Iowa,  and  along  the  greater  part  of  its  course  it 
has  excavated  its  valley  out  those  deposits  and  the  middle  coal  measures  alone. 
The  valley  of  the  Des  Moines  and  its  branches  are  destined  to  become  the  seat 
of  extensive  manufactures  in  consequence  of  the  numerous  mill  sites  of  immense 
power,  and  the  fact  that  the  main  valley  traverses  the  entire  length  of  the  Iowa 
coal  fields. 

Skunk  River. — This  river  has  its  source  in  Hamilton  County,  and  runs 
almost  its  entire  course  upon  the  border  of  the  outcrop  of  the  lower  coal  meas- 
ures, or,  more  properly  speaking,  upon  the  subcarboniferous  limestone,  just  where 
it  begins  to  pass  beneath  the  coal  measures  by  its  southerly  and  westerly  dip. 
Its  general  course  is  southeast.  From  the  western  part  of  Henry  County,  up 
as  far  as  Story  County,  the  broad,  flat  flood  plain  is  covered  with  a  rich  deep 
clay  soil,  which,  in  time  of  long-continued  rains  and  overflows  of  the  river,  has 
made  the  valley  of  Skunk  River  a  terror  to  travelers  from  the  earliest  settle- 
ment of  the  country.  There  are  some  excellent  mill  sites  on  the  lower  half  of 
this  river,  but  they  are  not  so  numerous  or  valuable  as  on  other  rivers  of  the 
eastern  system. 

loioa  River. — This  river  rises  in  Hancock  County,  in  the  midst  of  a  broad, 
slightly  undulating  drift  region.  The  first  rock  exposure  is  that  of  subcarbon- 
iferous limestone,  in  the  southwestern  corner  of  Franklin  County.  It  enters 
the  region  of  the  Devonian  strata  near  the  southwestern  corner  of  Benton 
County,  and  in  this  it  continues  to  its  confluence  with  the  Cedar  in  Louisa 
County.  Below  the  junction  with  the  Cedar,  and  for  some  miles  above  that 
point,  its  valley  is  broad,  and  especially  on  the  northern  side,  with  a  well 
marked  flood  plain.  Its  borders  gradually  blend  with  the  uplands  as  they  slope 
away  in  the  distance  from  the  river.  The  Iowa  furnishes  numerous  and  valua- 
ble mill  sites. 

Cedar  River. — This  stream  is  usually  understood  to  be  a  branch  of  the 
Iowa,  but  it  ought,  really,  to  be  regarded  as  the  main  stream.  It  rises  by 
numerous  branches  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  and  flows  the  entire  length 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  117 

of  the  State,  through  the  region  occupied  by  the  Devonian  strata  and  along  the 
trend  occupied  by  that  formation. 

The  valley  of  this  river,  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  is  narrow,  and  the 
sides  slope  so  gently  as  to  scarcely  show  where  the  lowlands  end  and  the  up- 
lands begin.  Below  the  confluence  with  the  Shell  Rock,  the  flood  plain  is  more 
distinctly  marked  and  the  valley  broad  and  shallow.  The  valley  of  the  Cedar 
is  one  of  the  finest  regions  in  the  State,  and  both  the  main  stream  and  its 
branches  aftbrd  abundant  and  reliable  mill  sites. 

Wapsipinnicon  River. — This  river  has  its  source  near  the  source  of  the 
Cedar,  and  runs  parallel  and  near  it  almost  its  entire  course,  the  upper  half 
upon  the  same  formation — the  Devonian.  In  the  northeastern  part  of  Linn 
County,  it  enters  the  region  of  the  Niagara  limestone,  upon  which  it  continues 
to  the  Mississippi.  It  is  one  hundred  miles  long,  and  yet  the  area  of  its  drain- 
age is  only  from  twelve  to  twenty  miles  in  width.  Hence,  its  numerous  mill 
sites  are  unusually  secure. 

Turkey  River. — This  river  and  the  Upper  Iowa  are,  in  many  respects,  un- 
like other  Iowa  rivers.  The  diflFerence  is  due  to  the  great  depth  they  have 
eroded  their  valleys  and  the  different  character  of  the  material  through  wliich 
they  have  eroded.  Turkey  River  rises  in  Howard  County,  and  in  Winnesheik 
County,  a  few  miles  from  its  source,  its  valley  has  attained  a  depth  of  more  than 
two  hundred  feet,  and  in  Fayette  and  Clayton  Counties  its  depth  is  increased  to 
three  and  four  hundred  feet.  The  summit  of  the  uplands,  bordering  nearly  the 
whole  length  of  the  valley,  is  capped  by  the  Maquoketa  shales.  These  shales 
are  underlaid  by  the  Galena  limestone,  between  two  and  three  hundred  feet 
thick.  The  valley  has  been  eroded  through  these,  and  runs  upon  the  Trenton 
limestone.  Thus,  all  the  formations  along  and  within  this  valley  are  Lower 
Silurian.  The  valley  is  usually  narrow,  and  without  a  well-marked  flood  plain. 
Water  power  is  abundant,  but  in  most  places  inaccessible. 

Upper  Iowa  River. — This  river  rises  in  Minnesota,  just  beyond  the  north- 
ern boundary  line,  and  enters  our  State  in  Howard  County  before  it  has  attained 
any  considerable  size.  Its  course  is  nearly  eastward  until  it  reaches  the  Mis- 
sissippi. It  rises  in  the  region  of  the  Devonian  rocks,  and  flows  across  the  out- 
crops, respectively,  of  the  Niagara,  Galena  and  Trenton  limestone,  the  lower 
magnesian  limestone  and  Potsdam  sandstone,  into  and  through  all  of  which, 
except  the  last,  it  has  cut  its  valley,  which  is  the  deepest  of  any  in  Iowa.  The 
valley  sides  are,  almost  everywhere,  high  and  steep,  and  cliffs  of  lower  magne- 
sian and  Trenton  limestone  give  them  a  wild  and  rugged  aspect.  In  the  lower 
part  of  the  valley,  the  flood  plain  reaches  a  width  sufficient  for  the  location  of 
small  farms,  but  usually  it  is  too  narrow  for  such  purposes.  On  the  higher 
surface,  however,  as  soon  as  you  leave  the  valley  you  come  immediately  upon  a 
cultivated  country.  This  stream  has  the  greatest  slope  per  mile  of  any  in  Iowa, 
consequently  it  furnishes  immense  water  power.  In  some  places,  where  creeks 
come  into  it,  the  valley  widens  and  affords  good  locations  for  farms.     The  town 


118  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  Decorali,  in  Winnesheik  County,  is  located  in  one  of  these  spots,  which 
makes  it  a  lovely  location ;  and  the  power  of  the  river  and  the  small  spring 
streams  around  it  offer  fine  facilities  for  manufacturing.  This  river  and  its 
tributaries  are  the  only  trout  streams  in  Iowa. 

Mississippi  River. — This  river  may  be  described,  in  general  terms,  as  a  broad 
canal  cut  out  of  the  general  level  of  the  country  through  which  the  river  flows. 
It  is  bordered  by  abrupt  hills  or  bluffs.  The  bottom  of  the  valley  ranges  from 
one  to  eight  miles  in  width.  The  whole  space  between'  the  bluffs  is  occupied  by 
the  river  and  its  bottom,  or  flood  plain  only,  if  we  except  the  occasional  terraces 
or  remains  of  ancient  flood  plains,  Avhich  are  not  now  reached  by  the  highest 
floods  of  the  river.  The  river  itself  is  from  half  a  mile  to  nearly  a  mile  in 
width.  There  are  but  four  points  along  the  whole  length  of  the  State  where  the 
bluffs  approach  the  stream  on  both  sides.  The  Lower  Silurian  formations  com- 
pose the  bluffs  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  but  they  gradually  disappear 
by  a  southerly  dip,  and  the  bluffs  are  continued  successively  by  the  Upper 
Silurian,  Devonian,  and  subcarboniferous  rocks,  which  are  reached  near  the 
southeastern  corner  of  the  State. 

Considered  in  their  relation  to  the  present  general  surface  of  the  state,  the 
relative  ages  of  the  river  valley  of  Iowa  date  back  only  to  the  close  of  the 
glacial  epoch  ;  but  that  the  Mississippi,  and  all  the  rivers  of  Northeastern  Iowa, 
if  no  others,  had  at  least  a  large  part  of  the  rocky  portions  of  their  valleys 
eroded  by  pre-glacial,  or  perhaps  even  by  palaeozoic  rivers,  can  scarcely  be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The  lakes  of  Iowa  may  be  properly  divided  into  two  distinct  classes.  The 
first  may  be  called  drift  lakes,  having  had  their  origin  in  the  depressions  left 
in  the  surface  of  the  drift  at  the  close  of  the  glacial  epoch,  and  have  rested  upon 
the  undisturbed  surface  of  the  drift  deposit  ever  since  the  glaciers  disappeared. 
The  others  may  be  properly  termed  fiuvatile  or  alluvial  lakes,  because  they  have 
had  their  origin  by  the  action  of  rivers  while  cutting  their  own  valleys  out  from 
the  surface  of  the  drift  as  it  existed  at  the  close  of  the  glacial  epoch,  a!id  are  now 
found  resting  upon  the  alluvium,  as  the  others  rest  upon  the  drift.  By  the  term 
alluvium  is  meant  the  deposit  which  has  accumulated  in  the  valleys  of  rivers  by 
the  action  of  their  own  currents.  It  is  largely  composed  of  sand  and  other 
coarse  material,  and  upon  that  deposit  are  some  of  the  best  and  most  productive 
soils  in  the  State.  It  is  this  deposit  which  form  the  flood  plains  and  deltas  of 
our  rivers,  as  well  as  the  terraces  of  their  valleys. 

The  regions  to  which  the  drift  lakes  are  principally  confined  are  near  the 
head  waters  of  the  principal  streams  of  the  State.  We  consequently  find  them 
in  those  resrions  which  lie  between  the  Cedar  and  Des  Moines  Rivers,  and  the 
Des  Moines  and  Little  Sioux.  No  drift  lakes  are  found  in  Southern  Iowa. 
The  largest  of  the  lakes  to  be  found  in  the  State  are  Spirit  and  Okoboji,  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  119 

Dickinson  County ;  Clear  Lake,  in  Cerro  Gordo  County ;  and  Storm  Lake,  in 
Bunea  Vista  County. 

Spirit  Lake. — The  width  and  length  of  this  lake  are  about  equal ,  and  it 
contains  about  twelve  square  miles  of  surface,  its  northern  border  resting  directly 
on  the  boundary  of  the  State.  It  lies  almost  directly  upon  the  great  watershed. 
Its  shores  are  mostly  gravelly,  and  the  country  about  it  fertile. 

Okohoji  Lake. — This  body  of  water  lies  directly  south  of  Spirit  Lake,  and 
has  somewhat  the  shape  of  a  horse-shoe,  with  its  eastern  projection  within  a  few 
rods  of  Spirit  Lake,  where  it  receives  the  outlet  of  the  latter.  Okoboji  Lake 
extends  about  five  miles  southward  from  Spirit  Lake,  thence  about  the  same 
distance  westward,  and  then  bends  northAvard  about  as  far  as  the  eastern  projec- 
tion. The  eastern  portion  is  narrow,  but  the  Avestern  is  larger,  and  in  some 
places  a  hundred  feet  deep.  The  surroundings  of  this  and  Spirit  Lake  are  very 
pleasant.  Fish  are  abundant  in  them,  and  they  are  the  resort  of  myriads  of 
water  fowl. 

Clear  Lake. — This  lake  is  situated  in  Cerro  Gordo  County,  upon  the 
watershed  between  the  Iowa  and  Cedar  Rivers.  It  is  about  five  miles  long, 
and  two  or  three  miles  wide,  and  has  a  maximum  depth  of  only  fifteen 
feet.     Its  shores  and  the  country  around  it  are  like  that  of  Spirit  Lake. 

Storm  Lake. — This  body  of  water  rests  upon  the  great  water  shed  in  Buena 
Vista  County.  It  is  a  clear,  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  containing  a  surface  area 
of  between  four  and  five  square  miles. 

The  outlets  of  all  these  drift-lakes  are  dry  during  a  portion  of  the  year,  ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled  Lakes. — Along  the  water  sheds  of  Northern  Iowa  great  numbers  of 
small  lakes  exist,  varying  from  half  a  mile  to  a  mile  in  diameter.  One  of  the  lakes 
in  Wright  County,  and  another  in  Sac,  have  each  received  the  name  of  "  Walled 
Lake,"  on  account  of  the  existence  of  embankments  on  their  borders,  which  are 
supposed  to  be  the  work  of  ancient  inhabitants.  These  embankments  are  from 
two  to  ten  feet  in  height,  and  from  five  to  thirty  feet  across.  They  are  the 
result  of  natural  causes  alone,  being  referable  t'o  the  periodic  action  of  ice,  aided, 
to  some  extent,  by  the  force  of  the  waves.  These  lakes  are  very  shallow,  and 
in  winter  freeze  to  the  bottom,  so  that  but  little  unfrozen  water  remains  in  the 
middle.  The  ice  freezes  fast  to  everything  upon  the  bottom,  and  the  expansive 
power  of  the  water  in  freezing  acts  in  all  directions  from  the  center  to  the  cir- 
cumference, and  whatever  was  on  the  bottom  of  the  lake  has  been  thus  carried 
to  the  shore,. and  this  has  been  going  on  from  year  to  year,  from  century  to 
century,  forming  the  embankments  which  have  caused  so  much  wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs  issue  from  all  formations,  and  from  the  sides  of  almost  every  valley^ 
but  they  are  more  numerous,  and  assume  proportions  which  give  rise  to  the 
name  of  sink-holes,  along  the  upland  borders  of  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  owing 


120  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

to  the  peculiar  fissured  and  laminated  character  and  great  thickness  of  the  strata 
of  tlie  ajze  of  the  Trenton  limestone  which  underlies  the  ^Yhole  reo-ion  of  the 
valley  of  that  stream. 

No  mineral  springs,  properly  so  called,  have  yet  been  discovered  in  Iowa, 
though  the  water  of  several  artesian  wells  is  frequently  found  charged  with 
soluble  mineral  substances. 

ORIGIN    OF   THE    PRAIRIES. 

It  is  estimated  that  seven-eighths  of  the  surface  of  the  State  was  prairie 
when  first  settled.  They  are  not  confined  to  level  surfaces,  nor  to  any  partic- 
ular variety  of  soil,  for  within  the  State  they  rest  upon  all  formations,  from 
those  of  the  Azoic  to  those  of  the  Cretaceous  age,  inclusive.  Whatever  may 
have  been  their  origin,  their  present  existence  in  Iowa  is  not  due  to  the  influ- 
ence of  climate,  nor  the  soil,  nor  any  of  the  underlying  formations.  The  real 
cause  is  the  prevalence  of  the  annual  fires.  If  these  had  been  prevented  fifty 
years  ago,  Iowa  would  now  be  a  timbered  country.  The  encroachment  of  forest 
trees  upon  prairie  farms  as  soon  as  the  bordering  woodland  is  protected  from 
the  annual  prairie  fires,  is  well  known  to  farmers  throughout  the  State. 

The  soil  of  Iowa  is  justly  famous  for  its  fertility,  and  there  is  probably  no 
equal  area  of  the  earth's  surface  that  contains  so  little  untillable  land,  or  whose 
soil  has  so  high  an  average  of  fertility.  Ninety-five  per  cent,  of  its  surface  is 
tillable  land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The  soil  of  Iowa  may  be  separated  into  three  general  divisions,  which  not 
only  possess  different  physical  characters,  but  also  differ  in  the  mode  of  their 
origin.  These  are  drift,  bluff  and  alluvial,  and  belong  respectively  to  the 
deposits  bearing  the  same  names.  The  drift  occupies  a  much  larger  part  of  the 
surface  of  the  State  than  both  the  others.  The  bluff  has  the  next  greatest  area 
of  surface,  and  the  alluvial  least. 

All  soil  is  disintegrated  rock.  The  drift  deposit  of  Iowa  was  derived,  to  a 
considerable  extent,  from  the  rocks  of  Minnesota ;  but  the  greater  part  of  Iowa 
drift  was  derived  from  its  own  rocks,  much  of  which  has  been  transported  but  a 
short  distance.  In  general  terms  the  constant  component  element  of  the  drift 
soil  is  that  portion  which  was  transported  from  the  north,  while  the  inconstant 
elements  are  those  portions  which  were  derived  from  the  adjacent  or  underlying 
strata.  For  example,  in  Western  Iowa,  wherever  that  cretaceous  formation 
known  as  the  Nishnabotany  sandstone  exists,  the  soil  contains  more  sand  than 
elsewhere.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  soil  of  some  parts  of  the  State  occu- 
pied by  the  lower  coal  measures,  the  sandstones  and  sandy  shales  of  that  forma- 
tion furnishing  the  sand. 

In  Northern  and  Northwestern  Iowa,  the  drift  contains  more  sand  and 
gravel  than  elsewhere.     This  sand  and  gravel  was,  doubtless,  derived  from  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA 


121 


cretaceous  rocks  that  now  do,  or  formerly  did,  exist  there,  and  also  in  part 
from  the  conglomerate  and  pudding-stone  beds  of  the  Sioux  quartzite. 

In  Southern  Iowa,  the  soil  is  frequently  stiif  and  clayey.  This  preponder- 
ating clay  is  doubtless  derived  from  the  clayey  and  shaly  beds  which  alternate 
with  the  limestones  of  that  region. 

The  bluif  soil  is  that  which  rests  upon,  and  constitutes  a  part  of,  the  bluff 
deposit.  It  is  found  only  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and  adjacent  to  the 
Missouri  River.  Although  it  contains  less  than  one  per  cent,  of  clay  in  its 
composition,  it  is  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the  best  drift  soil. 

The  alluvial  soil  is  that  of  the  flood  plains  of  the  river  valleys,  or  bottom 
lands.  That  which  is  periodically  flooded  by  the  rivers  is  of  little  value  for 
agricultural  purposes ;  but  a  large  part  of  it  is  entirely  above  the  reach  of  the 
highest  floods,  and  is  very  productive. 

The  stratified  rocks  of  Iowa  range  from  the  Azoic  to  the  Mesozoic,  inclu- 
sive ;  but  the  greater  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  State  is  occupied  by  those 
of  the  Palaeozoic  age.  The  table  below  will  show  each  of  these  formations  in 
their  order : 


SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 


Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper  Silurian 

Lower  Silurian 
Azoic 


GROaPS. 

PERIODS. 


Post  Tertiary 

Lower  Cretaceous. 

Coal  Measures. 
Subcarboniferous. 


L 

Hamilton 

Niagara  

Cincinnati . 


Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian 


FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 

Drift 

Inoceramous  bed 

Woodbury  Sandstone  and  Shales. 

Nishnabotany  Sandstone 

Upper  Coal  Measures 

Middle  Coal  Measures 

Lower  Coal  Measures 

St.  Louis  Limestone 

Keokuk  Limestone... 

Burlington  Limestone 

Kinderhook  beds 

Hamilton  Limestone  and  Shales 

Niagara  Limestone 

Maquoketa  Shales 

Galena  Limestone 

Trenton  Limestone 

St.  Peter's  Sandstone 

Lower  Magnesian  Limestone.... 

Potsdam  Sandstone 

Sioux  Quartzite 


THICKNESS. 

IN    FEET. 


10 


to  200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 


THE    AZOIC   SYSTEM. 

The  Sioux  quartzite  is  found  exposed  in  natural  ledges  only  upon  a  few 
acres  in  the  extreme  northwest  corner  of  the  State,  upon  the  banks  of  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  for  which  reason  the  specific  name  of  Sioux  Quartzite  has  been 
given  them.  It  is  an  intensely  hard  rock,  breaks  in  splintery  fracture,  and  a 
color  varying,  in  different  localities,  from  a  light  to  deep  red.  The  process  of 
metamorphism  has  been  so  complete  throughout  the  whole  formation  that  the 
rock  is  almost  everywhere  of  uniform  texture.  The  dip  is  four  or  five  degrees 
to  the  northward,  and  the  trend  of  the  outcrop  is  eastward  and  westward.     This 


122  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

rock  may  be  quarried  in  a  few  rare  cases,  but  usually  it  cannot  be  secured  in 
dry  forms  except  that  into  which  it  naturally  cracks,  and  the  tendency  is  to 
angular  pieces.     It  is  absolutely  indestructible. 

LOWER    SILURIAN    SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL    GROUP. 

Potsdam  Sandstone. — This  formation  is  exposed  only  in  a  small  portion  of 
the  northeastern  portion  of  the  State.  It  is  only  to  be  seen  in  the  bases  of  the 
bluffs  and  steep  valley  sides  which  border  the  river  there.  It  may  be  seen 
underlying  the  lower  magnesian  limestone,  St.  Peter  s  sandstone  and  Trenton 
limestone,  in  their  regular  order,  along  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi  from  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State  as  far  south  as  Guttenburg,  along  the  Upper 
Iowa  for  a  distance  of  about  twenty  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  along  a  few  of 
the  streams  which  empty  into  the  Mississippi  in  Allamakee  County. 

It  is  nearly  valueless  for  economic  purposes. 

No  fossils  have  been  discovered  in  this  formation  in  Iowa. 

Lower  Magnesium  Limestone. — This  formation  has  buf  little  greater  geo- 
graphical extent  in  Iowa  than  the  Potsdam  sandstone.  It  lacks  a  uniformity 
of  texture  and  stratification,  owing  to  which  it  is  not  generally  valuable  for 
building  purposes. 

The  only  fossils  found  in  this  formation  in  Iowa  are  a  few  traces  of  crinoids, 
near  McGregor. 

>S'^.  Peter  s  Sandstone. — This  formation  is  remarkably  uniform  in  thickness 
throughout  its  known  geographical  extent ;  and  it  is  evident  it  occupies  a  large 
portion  of  the  northern  half  of  Allamakee  County,  immediately  beneath  the 
drift. 

TRENTON    GROUP. 

Trenton  Limestone. — With  the  exception  of  this,  all  the  limestones  of  both 
Upper  and  Lower  Silurian  age  in  Iowa  are  magnesian  limestones — nearly  pure 
dolomites.  This  formation  occupies  large  portions  of  Winnesheik  and  Alla- 
makee Counties  and  a  portion  of  Clayton.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  useless  for 
economic  purposes,  yet  there  are  in  some  places  compact  and  evenly  bedded 
layers,  which  afford  fine  material  for  window  caps  and  sills. 

In  this  formation,  fossils  are  abundant,  so  much  so  that,  in  some  places,  the 
rock  is  made  up  of  a  mass  of  shells,  corals  and  fragments  of  tribolites,  cemented 
by  calcareous  material  into  a  solid  rock.  Some  of  these  fossils  are  new  to 
science  and  peculiar  to  Iowa. 

The  Galena  Limestone. — This  is  the  upper  formation  of  the  Trenton  group. 
It  seldom  exceeds  twelve  miles"  in  width,  although  it  is  fully  one  hundred  and 
fifty  miles  long.  The  outcrop  traverses  portions  of  the  counties  of  Howard, 
Winnesheik,  Allamakee,  Fayette,  Clayton,  Dubuque  and  Jackson.  It  exhibits 
its  greatest  development  in  Dubuque  County.  It  is  nearly  a  pure  dolomite, 
with  a  slight  admixture  of  silicious  matter.     It  is  usually  unfit  for  dressing. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  123 

though  sometimes  near  the  top  of  the  bed  good  blocks  for  dressing  are  found. 
This  formation  is  the  source  of  the  lead  ore  of  the  Dubuque  lead  mines.  The 
lead  region  proper  is  confined  to  an  area  of  about  fifteen  miles  square  in  the 
vicinity  of  Dubuque.  The  ore  occurs  in  vertical  fissures,  which  traverse  the 
rock  at  regular  intervals  from  east  to  west ;  some  is  found  in  those  which  have 
a  north  and  south  direction.  The  ore  is  mostly  that  known  as  Galena,  or  sul- 
phuret  of  lead,  very  small  quantities  only  of  the  carbonate  being  found  with  it. 

CINCINNATI    GROUP. 

Maquoketa  Shales. — The  surface  occupied  by  this  formation  is  singularly 
long  and  narrow,  seldom  reaching  more  than  a  mile  or  two  in  width,  but  more 
than  a  hundred  miles  in  length.  Its  most  southerly  exposure  is  in  the  bluffs  of 
the  Mississippi  near  Bellevue,  in  Jackson  County,  and  the  most  northerly  yet 
recognized  is  in  the  western  part  of  Winnesheik  County.  The  whole  formation 
is  largely  composed  of  bluish  and  brownish  shales,  sometimes  slightly  arena- 
ceous, sometimes  calcareous,  which  weather  into  a  tenacious  clay  upon  the  sur- 
face, and  the  soil  derived  from  it  is  usually  stiff  and  clayey.  Its  economic 
value  is  very  slight. 

Several  species  of  fossils  which  characterize  the  Cincinnati  group  are  found 
in  the  Maquoketa  shales ;  but  they  contain  a  larger  number  that  have  been 
found  anywhere  else  than  in  these  shales  in  Iowa,  and  their  distinct  faunal  char- 
acteristics seem  to  warrant  the  separation  of  the  Maquoketa  shales  as  a  distinct 
formation  from  any  others  of  the  group. 

UPPER    SILURIAN    SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA    GHOUP. 

Niagara  Limestone. — The  area  occupied  by  the  Niagara  limestone  is  nearly 
one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  long  from  north  to  south,  and  forty  and  fifty  miles 
wide. 

This  formation  is  entirely  a  magnesian  limestone,  with  in  some  places  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  silicious  matter  in  the  form  of  chert  or  coarse  flint.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  evenly  bedded,  and  probably  affords  the  best  and  greatest 
amount  of  quarry  rock  in  the  State.  The  quarries  at  Anamosa,  LeClaire  and 
Farley  are  all  opened  in  this  formation. 

DEVONIAN   SYSTEM. 

HAMILTON    GROUP. 

Hamilton  Limestone. — The  area  of  surface  occupied  by  the  Hamilton  lime- 
stone and  shales  is  fully  as  great  as  those  by  all  the  formations  of  both  Upper 
and  Lower  Silurian  age  in  the  State.  It  is  nearly  two  hundred  miles  long  and 
from  forty  to  fifty  miles  broad.  The  general  trend  is  northwestward  and  south- 
eastwj^d. 

Although  a  large  part  of  the  material  of  this  formation  is  practically  quite 
■worthless,  yet  other  portions  are  valuable  for  economic  purposes ;  and  having  a 


124  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

large  geographical  extent  in  the  State,  is  one  of  the  most  important  formations, 
in  a  practical  point  of  view.  At  Waverly,  Bremer  County,  its  value  for  the 
production  of  hydraulic  lime  has  been  practically  demonstrated.  The  heavier 
and  more  uniform  magnesian  beds  furnish  material  for  bridge  piers  and  other 
material  requiring  strength  and  durability. 

All  the  Devonian  strata  of  Iowa  evidently  belong  to  a  single  epoch,  and  re- 
ferable to  the  Hamilton,  as  recognized  by  New  York  geologists. 

The  most  conspicuous  and  characteristic  fossils  of  this  formation  are  bra- 
chiopod,  mollusks  and  corals.  The  coral  Acervularia  Davidsoni  occurs  near 
Iowa  City,  and  is  known  as  "  Iowa  City  Marble,"  and  "  bird's-eye  marble." 

CARBONIFEROUS    SYSTEM. 

Of  the  three  groups  of  formations  that  constitute  the  carboniferous  system, 
viz..  the  subcarboniferoUs,  coal  measures  and  permian,  only  the  first  two  are 
found  in  Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS    GROUP. 

The  area  of  the  surface  occupied  by  this  group  is  very  large.  Its  eastern 
border  passes  from  the  northeastern  part  of  Winnebago  County,  with  consider- 
able directness  in  a  southeasterly  direction  to  the  northern  part  of  Washington 
County.  Here  it  makes  a  broad  and  direct  bend  nearly  eastward,  striking 
the  Mississippi  River  at  Muscatine.  The  southern  and  western  boundary  is  to 
a  considerable  extent  the  same  as  that  which  separates  it  from  the  coal  field. 
From  the  southern  part  of  Pocahontas  County  it  passes  southeast  to  Fort  Dodge, 
thence  to  Webster  City,  thence  to  a  point  three  or  four  miles  northeast  of  El- 
dora,  in  Hardin  County,  thence  southward  to  the  middle  of  the  north  line  of 
Jasper  County,  thence  southeastward  to  Sigourney,  in  Keokuk  County,  thence 
to  the  northeastern  corner  of  Jefferson  County,  thence  sweeping  a  few  miles 
eastward  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Van  Buren  County.  Its  area  is  nearly  two 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  long,  and  from  twenty  to  fifty  miles  wide. 

The  Kinderhook  Beds. — The  most  southerly  exposure  of  these  beds  is  near 
the  mouth  of  Skunk  River,  in  Des  Moines  County.  The  most  northerly  now 
known  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Pocahontas  County,  more  than  two  hundred 
miles  distant.  The  principal  exposures  of  this  formation  are  along  the  blufts 
which  border  the  Mississippi  and  Skunk  Rivers,  where  they  form  the  eastern 
and  northern  boundary  of  Des  Moines  County,  along  English  River,  in  Wash- 
ington County ;  along  the  Iowa  River,  in  Tama,  Marshall,  Hamlin  and  Frank- 
lin Counties  ;  and  along  the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Humboldt  County. 

The  economic  value  of  this  formation  is  very  considerable,  particularly  in 
the  northern  portion  of  the  region  it  occupies.  In  Pocahontas  and  Humboldt 
Counties  it  is  almost  invaluable,  as  no  other  stone  except  a  few  boulders  are 
found  here.  At  Iowa  Falls  the  lower  division  is  very  good  for  building  pur- 
poses. In  Marshall  County  all  the  limestone  to  be  obtained  comes  from  this 
formation,  and  the  quarries  near  LeGrand  are  very  valuable.     At  this  point 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  lOAVA.  125 

some  of  the  layers  are  finely  veined  with  peroxide  of  iron,  and  are  wrought  into 
ornamental  and  useful  objects. 

In  Tama  County,  the  oolitic  member  is  well  exposed,  where  it  is  manufac- 
tured into  lime.  It  is  not  valuable  for  building,  as  upon  exposure  to  atmosphere 
and  frost,  it  crumbles  to  pieces. 

The  remains  of  fishes  are  the  only  fossils  yet  discovered  in  this  formation 
that  can  be  referred  to  the  sub-kingdom  yertebrata  ;  and  so  far  as  yet  recog- 
nized, they  all  belong  to  the  order  selachians. 

Of  ARTICULATES,  only  two  species  have  been  recognized,  both  of  which 
belong  to  the  genus  phiUipsia. 

The  sub-kingdom  mollusca  is  largely  represented. 

The  radiata  are  represented  by  a  few  crinoids,  usually  found  in  a  very  im- 
perfect condition.     The  sub-kingdom  is  also  represented  by  corals. 

The  prominent  feature  in  the  life  of  this  epoch  was  molluscan  ;  so  much  so 
m  fact  as  to  overshadow  all  other  branches  of  the  animal  kingdom.  The  pre- 
vailing classes  are:  lamelJihranchiates,  in  the  more  arenaceous  portions;  and 
brachiopods,  in  the  more  calcareous  portions. 

No  remains  of  vegetation  have  been  detected  in  any  of  the  strata  of  this 
formation. 

Tlie  Burlington  Limestone. — This  formation  consists  of  two  distinct  calca- 
reous divisions,  which  are  separated  by  a  series  of  silicious  beds.  Both  divi- 
sions are  eminently  crinoidal. 

The  southerly  dip  of  the  Iowa  rocks  carries  the  Burlington  limestone  down, 
so  that  it  is  seen  for  the  last  time  in  this  State  in  the  valley  of  Skunk  River, 
near  the  southern  boundary  of  Des  Moines  County.  The  most  northerly  point 
at  which  it  has  been  recognized  is  in  the  northern  part  of  Washington  County. 
It  probably  exists  as  far  north  as  Marshall  County. 

This  formation  affords  much  valuable  material  for  economic  purposes.  The 
upper  division  furnishes  excellent  common  quarry  rock. 

The  great  abundance  and  variety  of  its  fossils — crinoids — now  known  to  be 
more  than  three  hundred,  have  justly  attracted  the  attention  of  geologists  in  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

The  only  remains  of  vertebrates  discovered  in  this  formation  are  those  of 
fishes,  and  consist  of  teeth  and  spines ;  bone  of  bony  fishes,  like  those  most 
common  at  the  present  day,  are  found  in  these  rocks.  On  Buffington  Creek,  in 
Louisa  County,  is  a  stratum  in  an  exposure  so  fully  charged  with  these  remains 
that  it  might  with  propriety  be  called  bone  breccia. 

Remains  of  articulates  are  rare  in  this  formation.  So  far  as  yet  discovered, 
they  are  confined  to  two  species  of  tribolites  of  the  genus  phiUipsia. 

Fossil  shells  are  very  common. 

The  two  lowest  classes  of  the  sub-kingdom  radiata  are  represented  m  the 
genera  zaphrentis,  amplexus  and  syringapora,  while  the  highest  class — echino- 
derms — are  found  in  most  extraordinary  profusion. 


126  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  Keokuk  Limestone. — It  is  only  in  the  four  counties  of  Lee,  Van 
Buren,  Henry  and  Des  Moines  that  this  formation  is  to  be  seen. 

In  some  localities  the  upper  silicious  portion  of  this  formation  is  known  as 
the  Geode  bed.  It  is  not  recognizable  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  formation, 
nor  in  connection  with  it  where  it  is  exposed,  about  eighty  miles  below  Keokuk. 

The  geodes  of  the  Geode  bed  are  more  or  less  spherical  masses  of  silex, 
usually  hollow  and  lined  with  crystals  of  quartz.  The  outer  crust  is  rough  and 
unsightly,  but  the  crystals  which  stud  the  interior  are  often  very  beautiful. 
They  vary  in  size  from  the  size  of  a  walnut  to  a  foot  in  diameter. 

The  economic  value  of  this  formation  is  very  great.  Large  quantities  of  its 
stone  have  been  used  in  the  finest  structures  in  the  State,  among  which  are  the 
post  offices  at  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines.  The  principal  quarries  are  along  the 
banks  of  the  Mississippi,  from  Keokuk  to  Nauvoo. 

The  only  vertebrate  fossils  found  in  the  formation  are  fislies,  all  belonging 
to  the  order  selachians,  some  ef  which  indicate  that  their  owners  reached  a 
length  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  feet. 

Of  the  articulates,  only  two  species  of  the  genus  phillipsia  have  been  found 
in  this  formation. 

Of  the  mollusks,  no  cephalopods  have  yet  been  recognized  in  this  formation  in 
this  State ;  gasteropods  are  rare  ;  brachiopods  and  polyzoans  are  quite  abundant. 

Of  radiates,  corals  of  genera  zaphrentes,  amplexus  and  aulopera  are  found, 
but  crinoids  are  most  abundant. 

Of  the  low  forms  of  animal  life,  the  protozoans,  a  small  fossil  related  to  the 
sponges,  is  found  in  this  formation  in  small  numbers. 

The  St.  Louis  Limestone. — This  is  the  uppermost  of  the  subcarboniferous 
group  in  Iowa.  The  superficial  area  it  occupies  is  comparatively  small,  because 
it  consists  of  long,  narrow  strips,  yet  its  exten*  is  very  great.  It  is  first  seen 
resting  on  the  geode  division  of  the  Keokuk  limestone,  near  Keokuk.  Pro- 
ceeding northward,  it  forms  a  narrow  border  along  the  edge  of  the  coal  fields 
in  Lee,  Des  Moines,  Henry,  Jefferson,  Washington,  Keokuk  and  Mahaska. 
Counties.  It  is  then  lost  sight  of  until  it  appears  again  in  the  banks  of  Boone 
River,  where  it  again  passes  out  of  view  under  the  coal  measures  until  it  is 
next  seen  in  the  banks  of  the  Des  Moines,  near  Fort  Dodge.  As  it  exists  in 
loAva,  it  consists  of  three  tolerably  distinct  subdivisions — the  magnesian,  arena- 
ceous and  calcareous. 

The  upper  division  furnishes  excellent  material  for  quicklime,  and  when 
(quarries  are  well  opened,  as  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Van  Buren  County, 
large  blocks  are  obtained.  The  sandstone,  or  middle  division,  is  of  little 
economic  value.  The  lower  or  magnesian  division  furnishes  a  valuable 
and  durable  stone,  exposures  of  which  are  found  on  Lick  Creek,  in  Van  Buren 
County,  and  on  Long  Creek,  seven  miles  west  of  Burlington. 

Of  the  fossils  of  this  formation,  the  vertebrates  are  represented  only  by  the 
remains  of  fish,  belonging  to  the   two  orders,  selachians   and  ganoids.     The 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  127 

articulates  are  represented  by  one  species  of  the  trilobite.  genus  phillipsia,  and 
two  ostracoid,  genera,  cythre  and  beyricia.  The  mollusks  distinguish  this 
formation  more  than  any  other  branch  of  the  animal  kingdom.  Radiates  are 
exceedingly  rare,  showing  a  marked  contrast  between  this  formation  and  the 
two  preceding  it. 

The  rocks  of  the  subcarboniferous  period  have  in  other  countries,  and  in 
other  parts  of  our  own  country,  furnished  valuable  minerals,  and  even  coal,  but 
in  Iowa  the  economic  value  is  confined  to  its  stone  alone. 

The  Lower  Silurian,  Upper  Silurian  and  Devonian  rocks  of  Iowa  are  largely 
composed  of  limestone.  Magnesia  also  enters  largely  into  the  subcarbon- 
iferous group.  With  the  completion  of  the  St.  Louis  limestone,  the 
production  of  the  magnesian  limestone  seems  to  have  ceased  among  the  rocks  of 
Iowa. 

Although  the  Devonian  age  has  been  called  the  age  of  fishes,  yet  so  far  as 
Iowa  is  concerned,  the  rocks  of  no  period  can'  compare  with  the  subcarbon- 
iferous in  the  abundance  and  variety  of  the  fish  remains,  and,  for  this  reason, 
the  Burlington  and  Keokuk  limestones  will  in  the  future  become  more 
famous  among  geologists,  perhaps,  than  any  other  formations  in  North 
America. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  Chester  limestone  is  omitted  from  the  subcarbon- 
iferous group,  and  which  completes  the  full  geological  series.  It  is  probable 
tlie  whole  surface  of  Iowa  was  above  the  sea  during  the  time  of  the 
formation  of  the  Chester  limestone  to  the  southward  about  one  hundred 
miles. 

At  the  close  of  the  epoch  of  the  Chester  limestone,  the  shallow  seas  in 
which  the  lower  coal  measures  were  formed  again  occupied  the  land,  extending 
almost  as  far  north  as  that  sea  had  done  in  which  the  Kinderhook  beds  were 
formed,  and  to  the  northeastward  its  deposits  extended  beyond  the  subcarbon- 
iferous groups,  outlines  of  which  are  found  upon  the  next,  or  Devonian  rock. 

THE    COAL-MEASURE    GROUP. 

The  coal-measure  group  of  Iowa  is  properly  divided  into  three  formations, 
viz.,  the  lower,  middle  and  upper  coal  measures,  each  having  a  vertical  thick- 
ness of  about  two  hundred  feet. 

A  line  drawn  upon  the  map  of  Iowa  as  follows,  w^ill  represent  the  eastern 
and  northern  boundaries  of  the  coal  fields  of  the  State :  Commencing:  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  Van  Buren  County,  carry  the  line  to  the  northeast  corner 
of  Jefferson  County  by  a  slight  easterly  curve  through  the  western  portions  of 
Lee  and  Henry  Counties.  Produce  this  line  until  it  reaches  a  point  six  or 
eight  miles  northward  from  the  one  last  named,  and  then  carry  it  northwest- 
ward, keeping  it  at  about  the  same  distance  to  the  northward  of  Skunk  River 
and  its  north  branch  that  it  had  at  first,  until  it  reaches  the  southern  boundary 
of  Marshall    County,  a  little  west  of  its  center.     Then  carry  it  to  a  point 


128  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

three  or  four  miles  northeast  from  Eldora,  in  Hardin  County  ;  thence  west- 
ward to  a  point  a  little  north  of  Webster  City,  in  Hamilton  County ;  and 
thence  further  westward  to  a  point  a  little  north  of  Fort  Dodge,  in  Webster 
County. 

Loiver  Coal  Measures. — In  consequence  of  the  recedence  to  the  southwanl 
of  the  borders  of  the  middle  and  upper  coal  measures,  the  lower  coal  measures 
alone  exist  to  the  eastward  and  northward  of  Des  Moines  River.  They  also 
occupy  a  large  area  westward  and  southward  of  that  river,  but  their  southerly 
dip  passes  them  below  the  middle  coal  measures  at  no  great  distance  from  the 
river. 

No  other  formation  in  the  whole  State  possesses  the  economic  value  of  the 
lower  coal  measures.  The  clay  that  underlies  almost  every  bed  of  coal  furnishes 
a  large  amount  of  material  for  potters'  use.  The  sandstone  of  these  measures 
is  usually  soft  and  unfit,  but  in  some  places,  as  near  Red  Rock,  in  Marion 
County,  blocks  of  large  dimensions  are  obtained  which  make  good  building 
material,  samples  of  which  can  be  seen  in  the  State  Arsenal,  at  Des  Moines. 
On  the  whole,  that  portion  of  the  State  occupied  by  the  lower  coal  measures, 
is  not  well  supplied  with  stone. 

But  few  fossils  have  been  found  in  any  of  the  strata  of  the  lower  coal  meas- 
ures, but  such  animal  remains  as  have  been  found  are  without  exception  of 
marine  origin. 

Of  fossil  plants  found  in  these  measures,  all  probably  belong  to  the  class 
aerogens.  Specimens  of  calamites,  and  several  species  of  ferns,  are  found  in 
all  of  the  coal  measures,  but  the  genus  lepidodendron  seems  not  to  have  existed 
later  than  the  epoch  of  the  middle  coal  measures. 

Middle  Coal  Measures. — This  formation  within  the  State  of  Iowa  occupies 
a  narrow  belt  of  territory  in  the  southern  central  portion  of  the  State,  embrac- 
ing a  superficial  area  of  about  fourteen  hundred  square  miles.  The  counties 
more  or  less  underlaid  by  this  formation  are  Guthrie,  Dallas,  Polk,  Madison. 
Warren,  Clarke,  Lucas,  Monroe,  Wayne  and  Appanoose. 

This  formation  is  composed  of  alternating  beds  of  clay,  sandstone  and  lime- 
stone, the  clays  or  shales  constituting  the  bulk  of  the  formation,  the  limestotn. 
occurring  in  their  bands,  the  lithological  peculiarities  of  which  offer  many  con- 
trasts to  the  limestones  of  the  upper  and  lower  coal  measures.  The  formation 
is  also  characterized  by  regular  Avave-like  undulations,  with  a  parallelism  whicli 
indicates  a  widespread  disturbance,  though  no  dislocation  of  the  strata  have 
been  discovered. 

Generally  speaking,  few  species  of  fossils  occur  in  these  beds.  Some  of  tht 
shales  and  sandstone  have  afforded  a  few  imperfectly  preserved  land  plants — 
three  or  four  species  of  ferns,  belonging  to  the  genera.  Some  of  the  carbonif- 
erous shales  afford  beautiful  specimens  of  what  appear  to  have  been  sea-weeds. 
Radiates  arc  represented  by  corals.  The  mollusks  are  most  numerously  repre- 
sented.     Trilohites  and  ostracoids  are  the  only  remains  known  of  articulates. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  129 

Vertebrates  are  only  known  by  the  remains  of  salaehians,  or  sharks,  and 
ganoids. 

Upper  Coal  3Ieasures. — The  area  occupied  by  this  formation  in  Iowa  is 
very  great,  comprising  thirteen  whole  counties,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
State.  It  adjoins  by  its  northern  and  eastern  boundaries  the  area  occupied  by 
the  middle  coal  measures. 

The  prominent  lithological  features  of  this  formation  are  its  limestones,  yet 
it  contains  a  considerable  proportion  of  shales  and  sandstones.  Although  it  is 
known  by  the  name  of  upper  coal  measures,  it  contains  but  a  single  bed  of  coal, 
and  that  only  about  twenty  inches  in  maximum  thickness. 

The  limestone  exposed  in  this  formation  furnishes  good  material  for  building 
as  in  Madison  and  Fremont  Counties.  The  sandstones  are  quite  worthless.  No 
beds  of  clay  for  potter's  use  are  found  in  the  whole  formation. 

The  fossils  in  this  formation  are  much  more  numerous  than  in  either  the 
middle  or  lower  coal  measures.  The  vertebrates  are  represented  by  the  fishes 
of  the  orders  selachians  and  ganoids.  The  articulates  are  represented  by  the 
trilobites  and  ostracoids.  Mollusks  are  represented  by  the  classes  cephalapoda, 
gasteropoda^  lamelli,  branchiata,  hrachiapoda  and  polyzoa.  Radiates  are  more 
numerous  than  in  the  lower  and  middle  coal  measures.  Protogoans  are  repre- 
sented in  the  greatest  abundance,  some  layers  of  limestone  being  almost  entirely 
composed  of  their  small  fusiform  shells. 

CRETACEOUS    SYSTEM. 

There  being  no  rocks,  in  Iowa,  of  permian,  triassic  or  Jurassic  age,  the 
next  strata  in  the  geological  series  are  of  the  cretaceous  age.  They  are  found 
in  the  western  half  of  the  State,  and  do  not  dip,  as  do  all  the  other  formations 
upon  which  they  rest,  to  the  southAvard  and  westward,  but  have  a  general  dip 
of  their  own  to  the  north  of  westward,  which,  however,  is  very  slight. 
Although  the  actual  exposures  of  cretaceous  rocks  are  few  in  Iowa,  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  nearly  all  the  western  half  of  the  State  was  originally 
occupied  by  them ;  but  being  very  friable,  they  have  been  removed  by  denuda- 
tion, which  has  taken  place  at  two  separate  periods.  The  first  period  was 
during  its  elevation  from  the  cretaceous  sea,  and  during  the  long  tertiary  age 
that  passed  between  the  time  of  that  elevation  and  the  commencement  of  the 
glacial  epoch.  The  second  period  was  during  the  glacial  epoch,  when  the  ice 
produced  their  entire  removal  over  considerable  areas. 

It  is  difficult  to  indicate  the  exact  boundaries  of  these  rocks ;  the  following 
will  approximate  the  outlines  of  the  area : 

From  the  northeast  corner  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Kossuth  County ; 
thence  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Guthrie  County;  thence  to  the  southeast 
corner  of  Cass  County;  thence  to  the  middle  of  the  south  boundary  of  Mont- 
gomery County ;  thence  to  the  middle  of  the  north  boundary  of  Pottawattamie 
County ;  thence  to  the  middle  of  the  south  boundary  of  Woodbury  County  ; 


130  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

thence  to  Sergeant's  bluffs;  up  the  Missouri  and  Big  Sioux  Rivers  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  State;  eastward  along  the  State  line  to  the  place  of 
beginning. 

All -the  cretaceous  rocks  in  Iowa  are  a  part  of  the  same  deposits  farther  up 
the  Missouri  River,  and  in  reality  form  their  eastern  boundary. 

Nishnahotany  Sandstone. — This  rock  has  the  most  easterly  and  southerly 
extent  of  the  cretaceous  deposits  of  Iowa,  reaching  the  southeastern  part  of 
Guthrie  County  and  the  southern  part  of  Montgomery  County,  To  the  north- 
ward, it  passes  beneath  the  Woodbury  sandstones  and  shales,  the  latter  passing 
beneath  the  inoceramus,  or  chalky,  beds.  This  sandstone  is,  with  few  excep- 
tions, almost  valueless  for  economic  purposes. 

The  only  fossils  found  in  this  formation  are  a  few  fragments  of  angiosper- 
mous  leaves. 

Woodbury  Sandstones  and  Shales. — These  strata  rest  upon  the  Nishna- 
hotany sandstone,  and  have  not  been  observed  outside  of  Woodbury  County, 
hence  their  name.  Their  principal  exposure  is  at  Sergeant's  Bluffs,  seven 
miles  below  Sioux  City. 

This  rock  has  no  value  except  for  purposes  of  common  masonry. 

Fossil  remains  are  rare.  Detached  scales  of  a  lepidoginoid  species  have 
been  detected,  but  no  other  vertebrate  remains.  Of  remains  of  vegetation, 
leaves  of  salix  meekii  and  sassafras  cretaceum  have  been  occasionally  found. 

Inoceramus  Beds. — These  beds  rest  upon  the  Woodbury  sandstones  and 
shales.  They  have  not  been  observed  in  Iowa,  except  in  the  bluffs  which 
border  the  Big  Sioux  River  in  Woodbury  and  Plymouth  Counties.  They  are 
composed  almost  entirely  of  calcareous  material,  the  upper  portion  of  which  is 
extensively  used  for  lime.  No  building  material  is  to  be  obtained  from  these 
beds ;  and  tlie  only  value  they  possess,  except  lime,  are  the  marls,  which  at 
some  time  may  be  useful  on  the  soil  of  the  adjacent  region. 

The  only  vertebrate  remains  found  in  the  cretaceous  rocks  are  the  fishes. 
Those  in  the  inoceramus  beds  of  Iowa  are  two  species  of  squoloid  selachians, 
or  cestratront,  and  three  genera  of  teliosts.     Molluscan  remains  are  rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive  beds  of  peat  exist  in  Northern  Middle  Iowa,  which,  it  is  esti 
mated,  contain  the  following  areas  : 

Counties.  Acres. 

Cerro  Gordo 1,500 

Worth ♦ 2,(00 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several  other  counties  contain  peat  beds,  but  the  character  of  the  peat  is 
inferior  to  that  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.     The  character  of  the  peat 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  131 

named  is  equal  to  that  of  Ireland.  The  beds  are  of  an  average  depth  of  four 
feet.  It  is  estimated  that  each  acre  of  these  beds  will  furnish  two  hundred  and 
fifty  tons  of  dry  fuel  for  each  foot  in  depth.  At  present,  owing  to  the  sparse- 
ness  of  the  population,  this  peat  is  not  utilized  ;  but,  owing  to  its  great  distance 
from  the  coal  fields  and  the  absence  of  timber,  the  time  is  coming  when  their 
value  will  be  realized,  and  the  fact  demonstrated  that  Nature  has  abundantly 
compensated  the  deficiency  of  other  fuel. 

GYPSUM. 

The  only  deposits  of  the  sulphates  of  the  alkaline  earths  of  any  economic 
value  in  Iowa  are  those  of  gypsum  at  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Dodge,  in 
Webster  County.  All  others  are  small  and  unimportant.  The  deposit  occupies 
a  nearly  central  position  in  Webster  County,  the  Des  Moines  River  running 
nearly  centrally  through  it,  along  the  valley  sides  of  which  the  gypsum  is  seen 
in  the  form  of  ordinary  rock  cliff  and  ledges,  and  also  occurring  abundantly  in 
similar  positions  along  both  sides  of  the  valleys  of  the  smaller  streams  and  of 
the  numero.us  ravines  coming  into  the  river  valley. 

The  most  northerly  known  limit  of  the  deposit  is  at  a  point  near  the  mouth 
of  Lizard  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  almost  adjoining 
the  town  of  Fort  Dodge.  The  most  southerly  point  at  which  it  has  been 
found  exposed  is  about  six  miles,  by  way  of  the  river,  from  this  northerly  point 
before  mentioned.  Our  knowledge  of  the  width  of  the  area  occupied  by  it  is 
limited  by  the  exposures  seen  in  the  valleys  of  the  small  streams  and  in  the 
ravines  which  come  into  the  valley  within  the  distance  mentioned.  As  one  goes 
up  these  ravines  and  minor  valleys,  the  gypsum  becomes  lost  beneath  the  over- 
lying drift.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  difierent  parts  of  this  deposit,  now 
disconnected  by  the  valleys  and  ravines  having  been  cut  through  it,  were  orig- 
inally connected  as  a  continuous  d.eposit,  and  there  seems  to  be  as  little  reason 
to  doubt  that  the  gypsum  still  extends  to  considerable  distance  on  each  side  of 
the  valley  of  the  river  beneath  the  drift  which  covers  the  region  to  a  depth  of 
from  twenty  to  sixty  feet. 

The  country  round  about  this  region  has  the  prairie  surface  approximating 
a  general  level  which  is  so  characteristic  of  the  greater  part  of  the  State,  and 
which  exists  irrespective  of  the  character  or  geological  age  of  the  strata  beneath, 
mainly  because  the  drift  is  so  deep  and  uniformly  distributed  that  it  frequently 
almost  alone  gives  character  to  the  surface.  The  valley  sides  of  the  Des  Moines 
River,  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Dodge,  are  somewhat  abrupt,  having  a  depth  there 
from  the  general  level  of  the  upland  of  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet, 
and  consequently  presents  somewhat  bold  and  interesting  features  in  the  land- 
scape. 

As  one  walks  up  and  down  the  creeks  and  ravines  which  come  into  the 
valley  of  the  Des  Moines  River  there,  he  sees  the  gypsum  exposed  on 
either   side   of  them,  jutting    out   from   beneath    the    drift    in    the,  form  of 


132  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

ledges  and  bold  quarry  fronts,  having  almost  the  exact  appearance  of 
ordinary  limestone  exposures,  so  horizontal  and  regular  are  its  lines  of 
stratification,  and  so  similar  in  color  is  it  to  some  varieties  of  that  rock.  The 
principal  quarries  now  opened  are  on  Two  Mile  Creek,  a  couple  of  miles  below 
Fort  Dodge. 

The  reader  will  please  bear  in  mind  that  the  gypsum  of  this  remarkable 
deposit  does  not  occur  in  "heaps  "  or  "  nests,"  as  it  does  in  most  deposits  of 
gypsum  in  the  States  farther  eastward,  but  that  it  exists  here  in  the  form  of  a 
regularly  stratified,  continuous  formation,  as  uniform  in  texture,  color  and 
quality  throughout  the  whole  region,  and  from  top  to  bottom  of  the  deposit 
as  the  granite  of  the  Quincy  quarries  is.  Its  color  is  a  uniform  gray,  result- 
ing from  alternating  fine  horizontal  lines  of  nearly  white,  with  similar  lines 
of  darker  shade.  The  gypsum  of  the  white  lines  is  almost  entirely  pure,  the 
darker  lines  containing  the  impurity.  This  is  at  intervals  barely  sufficient  in 
amount  to  cause  the  separation  of  the  mass  upon  those  lines  into  beds  or  layers, 
thus  facilitating  the  quarrying  of  it  into  desired  shapes.  These  bedding  sur- 
faces have  occasionally  a  clayey  feeling  to  the  touch,  but  there  is  nowhere  any 
intercalation  of  clay  or  other  foreign  substance  in  a  separate  form.  The  deposit 
is  known  to  roach  a  thickness  of  thirty  feet  at  the  quarries  referred  to,  but 
although  it  will  probably  be  found  to  exceed  this  thickness  at  some  other  points, 
at  the  natural  exposures,  it  is  seldom  seen  to  be  more  than  from  ten  to  twenty 
feet  thick. 

Since  the  drift  is  usually  seen  to  rest  directly  upon  the  gypsum,  with  noth- 
ing intervening,  except  at  a  few  points  where  traces  appear  of  an  overlying  bed 
of  clayey  material  without  doubt  of  the  same  age  as  the  gypsum,  the  latter 
probably  lost  something  of  its  thickness  by  mechanical  erosion  during  the 
glacial  epoch ;  and  it  has,  doubtless,  also  suffered  some  diminution  of  thickness 
since  then  by  solution  in  the  waters  which  constantly  percolate  through  the 
drift  from  the  surface.  The  drift  of  this  region  being  somewhat  clayey,  partic- 
ulary  in  its  lower  part,  it  has  doubtless  served  in  some  degree  as  a  protection 
against  the  diminution  of  the  gypsum  by  solution  in  consequence  of  its  partial 
imperviousness  to  water.  If  the  gypsum  had  been  covered  by  a  deposit  of  sand 
instead  of  the  drift  clays,  it  would  have  no  doubt  long  since  disappeared  by 
being  dissolved  in  the  water  that  would  have  constantly  reached  it  from  the  sur- 
face. Water  merely  resting  upon  it  would  not  dissolve  it  away  to  any  extent, 
but  it  rapidly  disappears  under  the  action  of  running  water.  Where  little  rills 
of  water  at  the  time  of  every  rain  run  over  the  face  of  an  unused  quarry,  from 
the  surface  above  it,  deep  grooves  are  thereby  cut  into  it,  giving  it  somewhat  the 
appearance  of  melting  ice  around  a  waterfall.  The  fact  that  gypsum  is  now 
suffering  a  constant,  but,  of  course,  very  slight,  diminution,  is  apparent  in  the 
fact  the  springs  of  the  region  contain  more  or  less  of  it  in  solution  in  their 
waters.  An  analysis  of  water  from  one  of  these  springs  will  be  found  in  Prof. 
Emery's  report. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  133 

Besides  the  clayey  beds  that  are  sometimes  seen  to  rest  upon  the  gypsum, 
there  are  occasionally  others  seen  beneath  them  that  are  also  of  the  same 
age,  and  not  of  the  age  of  the  coal-measure  strata  upon  which  they  rest. 

Age  of  the  Gypsum  Deposit. — In  neither  the  gypsum  nor  the  associated 
clays  has  any  trace  of  any  fossil  remains  been  found,  nor  has  any  other  indica- 
tion of  its  geological  age  been  observed,  except  that  which  is  afforded  by  its 
stratigraphical  relations ;  and  the  most  that  can  be  said  with  certainty  is  that  it 
is  newer  than  the  coal  measures,  and  older  than  the  drift.  The  indications 
afforded  by  the  stratigraphical  relations  of  the  gypsum  deposit  of  Fort  Dodge 
are,  however,  of  considerable  value. 

As  already  shown,  it  rests  in  that  region  directly  and  unconformably  upon 
the  lower  coal  measures ;  but  going  southward  from  there,  the  whole  series  of 
coal-measure  strata  from  the  top  of  the  subcarboniferous  group  to  the  upper 
coal  measures,  inclusive,  can  be  traced  without  break  or  unconformability. 
The  strata  of  the  latter  also  may  be  traced  in  the  same  manner  up  into  the 
Permian  rocks  of  Kansas ;  and  through  this  long  series,  there  is  no  place  or 
horizon  which  suggests  that  the  gypsum  deposit  might  belong  there. 

Again,  no  Tertiary  deposits  are  known  to  exist  within  or  near  the  borders 
of  Iowa  to  suggest  that  the  gypsum  might  be  of  that  age ;  nor  are  any  of  the 
pala30zoic  strata  newer  than  the  subcarboniferous  unconformable  upon  each 
other  as  the  other  gypsum  is  unconformable  upon  the  strata  beneath  it.  It 
therefore  seems,  in  a  measure,  conclusive,  that  the  gypsum  is  of  Mesozoic  age, 
perhaps  older  than  the  Cretaceous. 

LitJiological  Origin. — As  little  can  be  said  with  certainty  concerning  the 
lithological  origin  of  this  deposit  as  can  be  said  concerning  its  geological  age, 
for  it  seems  to  present  itself  in  this  relation,  as  in  the  former  one,  as  an  isolated 
fact.  None  of  the  associated  strata  show  any  traces  of  a  double  decomposition 
of  pre-existing  materials,  such  as  some  have  supposed  all  deposits  of  gypsum  to 
have  resulted  from.  No  considerable  quantities  of  oxide  of  iron  nor  any  trace 
of  native  sulphur  have  been  found  in  connection  with  it ;  nor  has  any  salt  been 
found  in  the  waters  of  the  region.  These  substances  are  common  in  association 
with  other  gypsum  deposits,  and  are  regarded  by  some  persons  as  indicative  of 
the  method  of  or  resulting  from  their  origin  as  such.  Throughout  the  whole 
region,  the  Fort  Dodge  gypsum  has  the  exact  appearance  of  a  sedimentary 
deposit.  It  is  arranged  in  layers  like  the  regular  layers  of  limestone,  and  the 
whole  mass,  from  top  to  bottom,  is  traced  with  fine  horizontal  laminre;  of  alter- 
nating white  ajid  gray  gypsum,  parallel  with  the  bedding  surfaces  of  the  layers, 
but  the  whole  so  intimately  blended  as  to  form  a  solid  mass.  The  darker  lines 
contain  almost  all  the  impurity  there  is  in  the  gypsum,  and  that  impurity  is 
evidently  sedimentary  in  its  character.  From  these  facts,  and  also  from  the 
further  one  that  no  trace  of  fossil  remains  has  been  detected  in  the  gypsum,  it 
seems  not  unreasonable  to  entertain  the  opinion  that  the  gypsum  of  Fort  Dodge 
originated  as  a  chemical  precipitation  in  comparatively  still  waters  which  were 


134  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

saturated  with  sulphate  of  lime  and  destitute  of  life ;  its  stratification  and 
impurities  being  deposited  at  the  same  time  as  clayey  impurities  which  had  been 
held  suspended  in  the  same  waters. 

Physical  Properties. — Much  has  already  been  said  of  the  physical  proper- 
ties or  character  of  this  gypsum,  but  as  it  is  so  different  in  some  respects  from 
that  of  other  deposits,  there  are  yet  other  matters  worthy  of  mention  in  connec- 
tion with  those.  According  to  the  results  of  a  complete  and  exhaustive  anal- 
ysis by  Prof.  Emery,  the  ordinary  gray  gypsum  contains  only  about  eight  per 
cent,  of  impurity ;  and  it  is  possible  that  the  average  impurity  for  the  whole 
deposit  will  not  exceed  that  proportion,  so  uniform  in  quality  is  it  from  to  top 
to  bottom  and  from  one  end  of  the  region  to  the  other. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  plaster  for  agricultural  purposes  is  sometimes 
prepared  from  gypsum  that  contains  as  much  as  thirty  per  cent,  of  impurity,  it 
will  be  seen  that  ours  is  a  very  superior  article  for  such  purposes.  The  impu- 
rities are  also  of  such  a  character  that  they  do  not  in  any  way  interfere  with  its 
value  for  use  in  the  arts.  Although  the  gypsum  rock  has  a  gray  color,  it 
becomes  quite  white  by  grinding,  and  still  whiter  by  the  calcining  process  nec- 
essary in  the  preparation  of  plaster  of  Paris.  These  tests  have  all  been  practi- 
cally made  in  the  rooms  of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  the  quality  of  the  plaster 
of  Paris  still  further  tested  by  actual  use  and  experiment.  No  hesitation, 
therefore,  is  felt  in  stating  that  the  Fort  Dodge  gypsum  is  of  as  good  a  quality 
as  any  in  the  country,  even  for  the  finest  uses. 

In  view  of  the  bounteousness  of  the  primitive  fertility  of  our  Iowa  soils, 
many  persons  forget  that  a  time  may  come  when  Nature  will  refuse  to  respond 
so  generously  to  our  demand  as  she  does  now,  without  an  adequate  return. 
Such  are  apt  to  say  that  this  vast  deposit  of  gypsum  is  valueless  to  our  com- 
monwealth, except  to  the  small  extent  that  it  may  be  used  in  the  arts.  This 
is  undoubtedly  a  short-sighted  view  of  the  subject,  for  the  time  is  even  now 
rapidly  passing  away  when  a  man  may  purchase  a  new  farm  for  less  money 
tlian  he  can  rc-fertilize  and  restore  the  partially  wasted  primitive  fertility  of  the 
one  he  now  occupies.  There  are  farms  even  now  in  a  large  part  of  the  older 
settled  portions  of  the  State  that  would  be  greatly  benefited  by  the  proper 
application  of  plaster,  and  such  areas  will  continue  to  increase  until  it  will  be 
difficult  to  estimate  the  value  of  the  deposit  of  gypsum  at  Fort  Dodge.  It 
should  be  remembered,  also,  tliat  the  inhabitants  of  an  extent  of  country 
adjoining  our  State  more  tlian  throe  times  as  great  as  its  own  area  will  find  it 
more  convenient  to  obtain  their  supplies  from  Fort  Dodge  than  from  any  other 
source. 

For  want  of  direct  railroad  communication  between  this  region  and  other 
parts  of  the  State,  the  only  use  yet  made  of  the  gypsum  by  the  inhabitants  is 
for  the  purposes  of  ordinary  building  stone.  It  is  so  compact  that  it  is  found 
to  be  conjparatively  unaffected  by  the  frost,  and  its  ordinary  situation  in  walls 
of  houses  is  such  that  it  is  protected  from  the  dissolving  action  of  water,  which 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  135 

can  at  most  reach  it  only  from  occasional  rains,  and  the  effect  of  these  is  too 
slight  to  be  perceived  after  the  lapse  of  several  years. 

One  of  the  citizens  of  Fort  Dodge,  Hon.  John  F.  Duncombe,  built  a  large, 
fine  residence  of  it,  in  1861,  the  walls  of  which  appear  as  unaffected  by 
exposure  and  as  beautiful  as  they  were  when  first  erected.  It  has  been  so  long 
and  successfully  used  for  building  stone  by  the  inhabitants  that  they  now  prefer 
it  to  the  limestone  of  good  quality,  which  also  exists  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 
This  preference  is  due  to  the  cheapness  of  the  gypsum,  as  compared  with  the 
stone.  The  cheapness  of  the  former  is  largely  due  to  the  facility  with  which  it 
is  quarried  and  wrought.  Several  other  houses  have  been  constructed  of  it  in 
Fort  Dodge,  including  the  depot  building  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road. The  company  have  also  constructed  a  large  culvert  of  the  same  material 
to  span  a  creek  near  the  town,  limestone  only  being  used  for  the  lower  courses, 
which  come  in  contact  with  the  water.  It  is  a  fine  arch,  each  stone  of  gypsum 
being  nicely  hewn,  and  it  will  doubtless  prove  a  very  durable  one.  Many  of 
the  sidewalks  in  the  town  are  made  of  the  slabs  or  flags  of  gypsum  which  occur 
in  some  of  the  quarries  in  the  form  of  thin  layers.  They  are  more  durable 
than  their  softness  would  lead  one  to  suppose.  They  also  possess  an  advantage 
over  stone  in  not  becoming  slippery  when  worn. 

The  method  adopted  in  quarrying  and  dressing  the  blocks  of  gypsum  is 
peculiar,  and  quite  unlike  that  adopted  in  similar  treatment  of  ordinary  stone. 
Taking  a  stout  auger-bit  of  an  ordinary  brace,  such  as  is  used  by  carpenters, 
and  filing  the  cutting  parts  of  it  into  a  peculiar  form,  the  quarryman  bores  his 
holes  into  the  gypsum  quarry  for  blasting,  in  the  same  manner  and  with  as 
great  facility  as  a  carpenter  would  bore  hard  wood.  The  pieces  being  loosened 
by  blasting,  they  are  broken  up  with  sledges  into  convenient  sizes,  or  hewn 
into  the  desired  shapes  by  means  of  hatchets  or  ordinary  chopping  axes,  or  cut 
by  means  of  ordinary  wood-saws.  So  little  grit  does  the  gypsum  contain  that 
these  tools,  made  for  working  wood,  are  found  to  be  better  adapted  for  working 
the  former  substance  than  those  tools  are  which  are  universally  used  for  work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR   DEPOSITS    OF    SULPHATE    OF    LIME. 

Besides  the  great  gypsum  deposit  of  Fort  Dodge,  sulphate  of  lime  in  the 
various  forms  of  fibrous  gypsum,  selenite,  and  small,  amorphous  masses,  has 
also  been  discovered  in  various  formations  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  includ- 
ing the  coal -measure  shales  near  Fort  Dodge,  where  it  exists  in  small  quanti- 
ties, quite  independently  of  the  great  gypsum  deposit  there.  The  quantity  of 
gypsum  in  these  minor  deposits  is  always  too  small  to  be  of  any  practical  value, 
and  frequently  minute.  They  usually  occur  in  shales  and  shaly  clays,  asso- 
ciated with  strata  that  contain  more  or  less  sulphuret  of  iron  (iron  pyrites). 
Gypsum  has  thus  been  detected  in  the  coal  measures,  the  St.  Louis  limestone, 
the  cretaceous  strata,  and  also  in  the  lead  caves  of  Dubuque.  In  most  of  these 
cases  it  is  evidently  the  result  of  double  decomposition  of  iron  pyrites  and  car- 


13(3  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

bonate  of  lime,  previously  existing  there ;  in  which  cases  the  gypsum  is  of  course 
not  an  original  deposit  as  the  great  one  at  Fort  Dodge  is  supjwsed  to  be. 

The  existence  of  these  comparatively  minute  quantities  of  gypsum  in  the 
shales  of  the  coal  measures  and  the  subcarboniferous  limestone  which  are  exposed 
within  the  region  of  and  occupy  a  stratigraphical  position  beneath  the  great 
^^•vpsum  deposits,  suggests  the  possibility  that  the  former  may  have  originated  as 
a  precipitate  from  percolating  waters,  holding  gypsum  in  solution  which  they 
had  derived  from  that  deposit  in  passing  over  or  through  it.  Since,  however, 
the  same  substance  is  found  in  similar  small  quantities  and  under  similar  con- 
ditions in  regions  where  they  could  have  had  no  possible  connection  with  that 
deposit,  it  is  believed  that  none  of  those  mentioned  have  necessarily  originated 
from  it,  not  even  those  that  are  found  in  close  proximity  to  it. 

The  gypsum  found  in  the  lead  caves  is  usually  in  the  form  of  efflorescent 
fibers,  and  is  always  in  small  quantity.  In  the  lower  coal-measure  shale  near 
Fort  Dodge,  a  small  mass  was  found  in  the  form  of  an  intercalated  layer,  which 
had  a  distinct  fibrous  structure,  the  fibers  being  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of 
the  layer.  The  same  mass  had  also  distinct,  horizontal  planes  of  cleavage  at 
right  angles  with  the  perpendicular  fibers.  Thus,  being  more  or  less  transpa- 
rent, the  mass  combined  the  characters  of  both  fibrous  gypsum  and  selenite. 
Ko  anhydrous  sulphate  of  lime  {anhydrite)  has  been  found  in  connection  with 
the  great  gypsum  deposit,  nor  elsewhere  in  Iowa,  so  far  as  yet  known. 

SULPHATE    OF   STRONTIA. 
(  Celestine. ) 

The  only  locality  at  which  this  interesting  mineral  has  yet  been  found  in 
Iowa,  or,  so  for  as  is  known,  in  the  great  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  is  at  Fort 
Dodge.  It  occurs  there  in  very  small  quantity  in  both  the  shales  of  the  lower 
coal  measures  and  in  the  clays  that  overlie  the  gypsum  deposit,  and  which  are 
regarded  as  of  the  same  age  with  it.  The  first  is  just  below  the  city,  near  Rees' 
coal  bank,  and  occurs  as  a  layer  intercalated  among  the  coal  measure  shales, 
amounting  in  quantity  to  only  a  few  hundred  pounds'  weight.  The  mineral  is 
fibrous  and  crystalline,  the  fibers  being  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  layer. 
Breaking  also  with  more  or  less  distinct  horizontal  planes  of  cleavage,  it  resem- 
bles, in  physical  character,  the  layer  of  fibro-crystalline  gypsum  before  men- 
tioned. Its  color  is  light  blue,  is  transparent  and  shows  crystaline  facets  upon 
both  the  upper  and  under  surfaces  of  the  layer ;  those  of  the  upper  surface 
being  smallest  and  most  numerous.  It  breaks  up  readily  into  small  masses 
along  the  lines  of  the  perpendicular  fibers  or  columns.  The  layer  is  probably 
not  more  than  a  rod  in  extent  in  any  direction  and  about  three  inches  in  maxi- 
mum thickness.  Apparent  lines  of  stratification  occur  in  it,  corresponding  with 
those  of  the  shales  which  imbed  it. 

The  other  deposit  was  still  smaller  in  amount,  and  occurred  as  a  mass  of 
crystals  imbedded  in  the  clays  that  overlie  the  gypsum  at  Cummins'  quarry  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  137 

the  valley  of  Soldier  Creek,  upon  the  north  side  of  the  town.  The  mineral  is 
in  this  case  nearly  colorless,  and  but  for  the  form  of  the  separate  crystals  would 
closely  resemble  masses  of  impure  salt.  The  crystals  are  so  closely  aggregated 
that  they  enclose  but  little  impurity  in  the  mass,  but  in  almost  all  cases  their 
fundamental  forms  are  obscured.  This  mineral  has  almost  no  real  practical 
value,  and  its  occurrence,  as  described,  is  interesting  only  as  a  mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE    OF   BARYTA. 

[^Barytis,  Heavy  Spar.) 

This  mineral  has  been  found  only  in  minute  quantities  in  Iowa.  It  has 
been  detected  in  the  coal-measure  shales  of  Decatur,  Madison  and  Marion 
Counties,  the  Devonian  limestone  of  Johnson  and  Bremer  Counties  and  in  the 
lead  caves  of  Dubuque.  In  all  these  cases,  it  is  in  the  form  of  crystals  or  small 
crystalline  masses. 

SULPHATE    OF    MAGNESIA. 
[Epsomite.) 

Epsomite,  or  native  epsom  salts,  having  been  discovered  near  Burlington, 
we  have  thus  recognized  in  Iowa  all  the  sulphates  of  the  alkaline  earths  of 
natural  origin ;  all  of  them,  except  the  sulphate  of  lime,  being  in  very  small 
quantity.  Even  if  the  sulphate  of  magnesia  were  produced  in  nature,  in  large 
quantities,  it  is  so  very  soluble  that  it  can  accumulate  only  in  such  positions  as 
afford  it  complete  shelter  from  the  rains  or  running  water.  The  epsomite 
mentioned  was  found  beneath  the  overhanging  cliff  of  Burlington  limestone, 
near  Starr's  mill,  which  are  represented  in  the  sketch  upon  another  page,  illus- 
trating the  subcarboniferous  rocks.  It  occurs  in  the  form  of  efflorescent  encrus- 
tations upon  the  surface  of  stones  and  in  similar  small  fragile  masses  among  the 
fine  debris  that  has  fallen  down  beneath  the  overhanging  cliff.  The  projection 
of  the  cliff  over  the  perpendicular  face  of  the  strata  beneath  amounts  to  near 
twenty  feet  at  the  point  where  epsomite  was  found.  Consequently  the  rains 
never  reach  far  beneath  it  from  any  quarter.  The  rock  upon  which  the  epsom- 
ite accumulates  is  an  impure  limestone,  containing  also  some  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia, together  with  a  small  proportion  of  iron  pyrites  in  a  finely  divided  con- 
dition. It  is  doubtless  by  double  decomposition  of  these  that  the  epsomite  re- 
sults. By  experiments  with  this  native  salt  in  the  office  of  the  Survey,  a  fine 
article  of  epsom  salts  was  produced,  but  the  quantity  that  might  be  annually 
obtained  there  would  amount  to  only  a  few  pounds,  and  of  course  is  of  no  prac- 
tical value  whatever,  on  account  of  its  cheapness  in  the  market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No  extended  record  of  the  climatology  of  Iowa  has  been  made,  yet  much  of 
great  value  may  be  learned  from  observations  made  at  a  single  point.  Prof  T. 
S.  Parvin,  of  the  State  University,  has  recorded  observations  made  from  1839 
to  the  present  time.     Previous  to  1860,  these  observations  were  made  at  Mus- 


138 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  lOAVA. 


catine.  Since  that  date,  they  were  made  in  Iowa  City.  The  result  is  that  the 
atmospheric  conditions  of  the  climate  of  Iowa  are  in  the  highest  degree  favor- 
able to  health. 

The  highest  temperature  here  occurs  in  August,  while  July  is  the  hottest 
month  in  the  year  by  two  degrees,  and  January  the  coldest  by  three  degrees. 

The  mean  temperature  of  April  and  October  most  nearly  corresponds  to  the 
mean  temperature  of  the  year,  as  well  as  their  seasons  of  Spring  and  Fall, 
while  that  of  Summer  and  Winter  is  best  represented  in  that  of  August  and 
December. 

The  period  of  greatest  heat  ranges  from  June  22d  to  August  31st ;  the  next 
mean  time  being  July  27th.  The  lowest  temperature  extends  from  December 
16th  to  February  15th,  the  average  being  January  20th — the  range  in  each 
case  being  two  full  months. 

The  climate  of  Iowa  embraces  the  range  of  that  of  New  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  The  seasons  are  not  characterized  by  the 
frequent  and  sudden  changes  so  common  in  the  latitudes  further  south.  The 
temperature  of  the  Winters  is  somewhat  lower  than  States  eastward,  but  of  other 
seasons  it  is  higher.  The  atmosphere  is  dry  and  invigorating.  The  surface  of 
the  State  being  free  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  from  stagnant  water,  with  good 
breezes  at  nearly  all  seasons,  the  miasmatic  and  pulmonary  diseases  are 
unknown.  Mortuary  statistics  show  this  to  be  one  of  the  most  healthful  States 
in  the  Union,  being  one  death  to  every  ninety-four  persons.  The  Spring, 
Summer  and  Fall  months  are  delightful ;  indeed,  the  glory  of  Iowa  is  her 
Autumn,  and  nothing  can  transcend  the  splendor  of  her  Indian  Summer,  which 
lasts  for  weeks,  and  finally  blends,  almost  imperceptibly,  into  Winter. 


wft^ 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


DISCOVERY  AND   OCCUPATION. 

Iowa,  in  the  symbolical  and  expressive  language  of  the  aboriginal  inhab- 
itants, is  said  to  signify  "  The  Beautiful  Land,"  and  was  applied  to  this 
magnificent  and  fruitful  region  by  its  ancient  owners,  to  express  their  apprecia- 
tion of  its  superiority  of  climate,  soil  and  location.  Prior  to  1803,  the  Mississippi 
River  was  the  extreme  western  boundary  of  the  United  States.  All  the  great 
empire  lying  west  of  the  "  Father  of  Waters,"  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the 
south  to  British  America  on  the  north,  and  westward  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  was 
a  Spanish  province.  A  brief  historical  sketch  of  the  discovery  and  occupation 
of  this  grand  empire  by  the  Spanish  and  French  governments  will  be  a  fitting 
introduction  to  the  history  of  the  young  and  thriving  State  of  Iowa,  which, 
until  the  commencement  of  the  present  century,  was  a  part  of  the  Spanish 
possessions  in  America. 

Early  in  the  Spring  of  1542,  fifty  years  after  Columbus  discovered  the  New 
World,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty  years  before  the  French  missionaries  discov- 
ered its  upper  waters,  Ferdinand  De  Soto  discovered  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi 
River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Washita.  After  the  sudden  death  of  De  Soto,  in 
May  of  the  same  year,  his  followers  built  a  small  vessel,  and  in  July,  1543, 
descended  the  great  river  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

In  accordance  with  the  usage  of  nations,  under  which  title  to  the  soil  was 
claimed  by  right  of  discovery,  Spain,  having  conquered  Florida  and  discovered 
the  Mississippi,  claimed  all  the  territory  bordering  on  that  river  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  But  it  was  also  held  by  the  European  nations  that,  Avhile  discovery 
gave  title,  that  title  must  be  perfected  by  actual  possession  and  occupation. 
Although  Spain  claimed  the  territory  by  right  of  first  discovery,  she  made  no 
effort  to  occupy  it;  by  no  permanent  settlement  had  she  perfected  and  held  her 
title,  and  therefore  had  forfeited  it  when,  at  a  later  period,  the  Lower  Mississippi 
Valley  was  re-discovered  and  occupied  by  France. 

The  unparalleled  labors  of  the  zealous  Frc  nch  Jesuits  of  Canada  in  penetrating 
the  unknown  region  of  the  West,  commencing  in  1611,  form  a  history  of  no  ordi- 
nary interest,  but  have  no  particular  connection  with  the  scope  of  the  present 
work,  until  in  the  Fall  of  1665.  Pierre  Claude  Allouez,  who  had  entered  Lake 
Superior  in  September,  and  sailed  along  the  southern  coast  in  search  of  copper, 
had  arrived  at  the  great  village  of  the  Chippewas  at  Chegoincegon.  Here  a 
grand  council  of  some  ten  or  twelve  of  the  principal  Indian  nations  was  held. 
The  Pottawatomies  of  Lake  Michigan,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  of  the  West,  the 
Hurons  from  the  North,  the  Illinois  from  the  South,  and  the  Sioux  from  the 
land  of  the  prairie  and  wild  rice,  were  all  assembled  there.     The  Illinois  told 


140  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

the  storv  of  their  ancient  glory  and  about  the  noble  river  on  the  banks  of  which 
they  dwelt.  The  Sioux  also 'told  their  white  brother  of  the  same  great  river, 
and  Alloucz  promised  to  the  assembled  tribes  the  protection  of  the  French 
nation  against  all  their  enemies,  native  or  foreign. 

The  purpose  of  discovering  the  great  river  about  which  the  Indian  na- 
tions had  given  such  glowing  accounts  appears  to  have  originated  with  Mar- 
quette, in  1060.  In  the  year  previous,  he  and  Claude  Dablon  had  established 
the  Mission  of  St.  Mary's,  the  oldest  white  settlement  within  the  present  limits 
of  the  State  of  INIiehigan.  Marquette  was  delayed  in  the  execution  of  his  great 
undertaking,  and  spent  the  interval  in  studying  the  language  and  habits  of  the 
Illinois  Indians,  among  whom  he  expected  to  travel. 

About  this  time,  the  French  Government  had  determined  to  extend  the  do- 
minion of  France  to  the  extreme  western  borders  of  Canada.  Nicholas  Perrot 
was  sent  as  the  agent  of  the  government,  to  propose  a  grand  council  of  the 
Indian  nations,  at  St.  Mary's. 

When  Perrot  reached  Green  Bay,  he  extended  the  invitation  far  and  near ; 
and,  escorted  by  Pottawatomies,  repaired  on  a  mission  of  peace  and  friend- 
ship to  the  Miamis,  who  occupied  the  region  about  the  present  location  of 
Chicago. 

In  May,  1671,  a  great  council  of  Indians  gathered  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Mary,  from  all  parts  of  the  Northwest,  from  the  head  waters  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, from  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  and  from  the  Red  River  of  the  North. 
Perrot  met  with  them,  and  after  grave  consultation,  formally  announced  to  the 
assembled  nations  that  their  good  French  Father  felt  an  abiding  interest  in  their 
welfare,  and  had  placed  them  all  under  the  powerful  protection  of  the  French 
Government. 

Marquette,  during  that  same  year,  had  gathered  at  Point  St.  Ignace  the 
remn  ants  of  one  branch  of  the  Hurons.  This  station,  for  a  long  series  of 
years,  was  considered  the  key  to  the  unknown  West. 

The  time  was  now  auspiciaus  for  the  consummation  of  Marquette's  grand 
project.  The  successful  termination  of  Perrot's  mission,  and  the  general  friend- 
liness of  the  native  tribes,  rendered  the  contemplated  expedition  much  less  per- 
ilous. But  it  was  not  until  1673  that  the  intrepid  and  enthusiastic  priest  was 
finally  ready  to  depart  on  his  daring  and  perilous  journey  to  lands  never  trod  by 
white  men. 

The  Indians,  who  had  gathered  in  large  numbers  to  witness  his  departure, 
were  astounded  at  the  boldness  of  the  proposed  undertaking,  and  tried  to  dis- 
courage him,  representing  that  the  Indians  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  were  cruel 
and  bloodthirsty,  and  would  resent  the  intrusion  of  strangers  upon  their  domain. 
The  great  river  itself,  they  said,  was  the  abode  of  terrible  monsters,  who  could 
swallow  both  canoes  and  men. 

But  Mar(|uette  was  not  to  be  diverted  from  his  purpose  by  these  fearful  re- 
ports. He  assured  his  dusky  friends  that  he  was  ready  to  make  any  sacrifice, 
even  to  hiy  down  his  life  f.r  tiie  sacred  cause  in  which  he  was  engaged.  He 
praye<l  with  them  ;  and  having  implored  the  blessing  of  God  upon  his  undertak- 
ing, on  the  l;Uh  day  of  May,  1673,  with  Joliet  and  five  Canadian-French  voy- 
ageurs,  or  boatmen,  he  left  the  mission  on  his  daring  journey.  Ascending 
Green  Bay  and  Fox  River,  these  bold  and  enthusiastic  pioneers  of  religion  and 
discovery  proceeded  until  they  reached  a  Miami  and  Kickapoo  village,  where 
Marquette  was  delighted  to  find  "  a  beautiful  cross  planted  in  the  middle  of  the 
town,  ornamented  with  white  skins,  red  girdles  and  bows  and  arrows,  which 
these  good  people  had  ottered  to  the  Great  Manitou,  or  God,  to  thank  Him  for 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  141 

the  pity  He  had  bestowed  on  them  during  the  Winter,  in  having  given  them 
abundant  chase." 

This  was  the  extreme  point  beyond  which  the  explorations  of  the  French 
missionaries  had  not  then  extended.  Here  Marquette  was  instructed  by  his 
Indian  hosts  in  the  secret  of  a  root  that  cures  the  bite  of  the  venomous  rattle- 
snake, drank  mineral  water  with  them  and  was  entertained  with  generous  hos- 
pitality. He  called  together  the  principal  men  of  the  village,  and  informed 
them  that  his  companion,  Joliet,  had  been  sent  by  the  French  Governor  of  Can- 
ada to  discover  new  countries,  to  be  added  to  the  dominion  of  France  ;  but  that 
he,  himself,  had  been  sent  by  the  Most  High  God,  to  carry  the  glorious  I'eligion 
of  the  Cross ;  and  assured  his  wondering  hearers  that  on  this  mission  he  had 
no  fear  of  death,  to  which  he  knew  he  would  be  exposed  on  his  perilous  journeys. 

Obtaining  the  services  of  two  Miami  guides,  to  conduct  his  little  band  to  the 
Wisconsin  River,  he  left  the  hospitable  Indians  on  the  10th  of  June.  Conduct- 
ing them  across  the  portage,  their  Indian  guides  returned  to  their  village,  and 
the  little  party  descended  the  Wisconsin,  to  the  great  river  which  had  so  long 
been  so  anxiously  looked  for,  and  boldly  floated  down  its  unknown  waters. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  the  explorers  discovered  indications  of  Indians  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  river  and  land  'd  a  little  above  the  mouth  of  the  river  now 
known  as  Des  Moines,  and  for  the  first  time  Europeans  trod  the  soil  of  Iowa. 
Leaving  the  Canadians  to  guard  the  canoes,  Marquette  and  Joliet  boldly  fol- 
lowed the  trail  into  the  interior  for  fourteen  miles  (some  authorities  say  six),  to 
an  Indian  village  situate  on  the  banks  of  a  river,  and  discovered  two  other  vil- 
lages, on  the  rising  ground  about  half  a  league  distant.  Their  visit,  while  it 
created  much  astonishment,  did  not  seem  to  be  entirely  unexpected,  for  there 
was  a  tradition  or  prophecy  among  the  Indians  that  white  visitors  were  to  come 
to  them.  They  were,  therefore,  received  with  great  respect  and  hospitality,  and 
were  cordially  tendered  the  calumet  or  pipe  of  peace.  They  were  informed  that 
this  band  Avas  a  part  of  the  Illini  nation  and  that  their  village  was  called  Mon- 
in-gou-ma  or  Moingona,  which  was  the  name  of  the  river  on  which  it  stood. 
This,  from  its  similarity  of  sound,  Marquette  corrupted  into  Des  Moines 
(Monk's  River),  its  present  name. 

Here  the  voyagers  remained  six  days,  learning  much  of  the  manners  and 
customs  of  their  new  friends.  The  new  religion  they  boldly  preached  and  the 
authority  of  the  King  of  France  they  proclaimed  were  received  without  hos- 
tility or  remonstrance  by  their  savage  entertainers.  On  their  departure,  they 
were  accompanied  to  their  canoes  by  the  chiefs  and  hundreds  of  warriors. 
Marquette  received  from  them  the  sacred  calumet,  the  emblem  of  peace  and 
safeguard  among  the  nations,  and  re-embarked  for  the  rest  of  his  journev- 

It  is  needless  to  follow  him  further,  as  his  explorations  beyond  his  discovery 
of  Iowa  more  properly  belong  to  the  history  of  another  State. 

In  1682,  La  Salle  descended  the  Mississippi  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  in 
the  xianie  of  the  King  of  France,  took  formal  possession  of  all  the  immense 
region  watered  by  the  great  river  and  its  tributaries  from  its  source  to  its  mouth, 
and  named  it  Louisiana,  in  honor  of  his  master,  Louis  XIV.  The  river  he 
called  "  Colbert,"  after  the  French  Minister,  and  at  its  mouth  erected  a  column 
and  a  cross  bearing  the  inscription,  in  the  French  language, 

"  Louis  the  Great,  King  of  France  and  Navarre, 
Reigning  April   9th,  1682." 

At  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  France  claimed,  by  right  of  dis- 
covery and  occupancy,  the  whole  valley  of  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries, 
including  Texas,  as  far  as  the  Rio  del  Norte. 


142  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA 

The  province  of  Louisiana  stretched  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  sources 
of  the  Tennessee,  the  Kanawha,  the  Allegheny  and  the  Monongahela  on  the 
east,  and  the  Missouri  and  the  other  great  tributaries  of  the  Father  of  Waters 
on  the  west.  Says  Bancroft,  "  France  had  obtained,  under  Providence,  the 
guardianship  of  this  immense  district  of  country,  not,  as  it  proved,  for  her  own 
benefit,  but  rather  as  a  trustee  for  the  infant  nation  by  which  it  wa^  one  day  to 
be  inherited." 

By  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  France  ceded  to  England  her  possessions 
in  Iludson's  Bay,  Newfoundland  and  Nova  Scotia.  France  still  retained 
Louisiana ;  but  the  province  had  so  far  failed  to  meet  the  expectations  of  the 
crown  and  the  peo}>le  that  a  change  in  the  government  and  policy  of  the  country 
was  deemed  indispensable.  Accordingly,  in  1711,  the  province  was  placed  in 
the  hands  of  a  Governor  General,  with  headquarters  at  Mobile.  This  govern- 
ment was  of  brief  duration,  and  in  1712  a  charter  was  granted  to  Anthony 
Crozat,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Paris,  giving  him  the  entire  control  and  mo- 
nopoly of  all  the  trade  and  resources  of  Louisiana.  But  this  scheme  also  failed. 
Crozat  met  with  no  success  in  his  commercial  operations  ;  every  Spanish  harbor 
on  the  Gulf  was  closed  against  his  vessels;  the  occupation  of  Louisiana  was 
deemed  an  encroachment  on  Spanish  territory  ;  Spain  was  jealous  of  the  am- 
bition of  France. 

Failing  in  his  efforts  to  open  the  ports  of  the  district,  Crozat  "sought  to 
develop  tlie  internal  resources  of  Louisiana,  by  causing  trading  posts  to  be 
opened,  and  explorations  to  be  made  to  its  remotest  borders.  But  he 
actually  accomplished  nothing  for  the  advancement  of  the  colony.  The  only 
prosperity  which  it  ever  possessed  grew  out  of  the  enterprise  of  humble  indi- 
viduals, wdio  had  succeeded  in  instituting  a  little  barter  between  themselves 
and  the  natives,  and  a  petty  trade  with  neighboring  European  settlements. 
After  a  persevering  effort  of  nearly  five  years,  he  surrendered  his  charter  in 
August,  1717." 

Immediately  following  the  surrender  of  his  charter  by  Crozat,  another  and 
more  magnificent  scheme  was  inaugurated.  The  national  government  of  France 
was  deeply  involved  in  debt;  the  colonies  were  nearly  bankrupt,  and  John  Law 
appeared  on  the  scene  with  his  famous  Mississippi  Company,  as  the  Louisiana 
branch  of  the  Bank  of  France.  The  charter  granted  to  this  company  gave  it  a 
legal  existence  of  twenty-five  years,  and  conferred  upon  it  more  extensive  powers 
and  privileges  than  had  been  granted  to  Crozat.  It  invested  the  new  company 
with  the  exclusive  privilege  of  the  entire  commerce  of  Louisiana,  and  of  New 
France,  and  with  authority  to  enforce  their  rights.  The  Company  was  author- 
ized to  monopolize  all  the  trade  in  the  country ;  to  make  treaties  with  the 
Indians ;  to  declare  and  prosecute  war  ;  to  grant  lands,  erect  forts,  open  mines 
of  precious  metals,  levy  taxes,  nominate  civil  officers,  commission  those  of  the 
army,  and  to  appoint  and  remove  judges,  to  cast  cannon,  and  build  and  equip 
ships  (»f  war.  All  this  was  to  be  done  with  the  paper  currency  of  John  Laws 
Bank  of  France.  He  had  succeeded  in  getting  His  Majesty  the  French  King 
to  adopt  and  sanction  his  scheme  of  financial  operations  both  in  France  and  in 
the  colonies,  and  probably  there  never  was  such  a  huge  financial  bul)ble  ever 
Idown  by  a  visionary  theorist.  Still,  such  was  the  condition  of  France  that  it 
was  accepted  as  a  national  deliverance,  and  Law  became  the  most  powerful  man 
in  France.  He  became  a  Catholic,  and  was  appointed  Comptroller  General  of 
Finance. 

Among  the  first  operations  of  the  Company  Avas  to  send  eight  hundred 
emigrants  to  Louisiana,  who  arrived  at  Dauphine  Island  in  1718. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  143 

In  1719,  Philipe  Francis  Renault  arrived  in  Illinois  with  two  hundred 
miners  and  artisans.  The  war  between  France  and  Spain  at  this  time  rendered 
it  extremely  probable  that  the  Mississippi  Valley  might  become  the  theater  of 
Spanish  hostilities  against  the  French  settlements  ;  to  prevent  this,  as  well  as  to 
extend  French  claims,  a  chain  of  forts  was  begun,  to  keep  open  the  connection 
between  the  mouth  and  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi.  Fort  Orleans,  high  up 
the  Mississippi  River,  Avas  erected  as  an  outpost  in  1720. 

The  Mississippi  scheme  was  at  the  zenith  of  its  power  and  glory  in  January, 
1720,  but  the  gigantic  bubble  collapsed  more  suddenly  than  it  had  been  inilated, 
and  the  Company  was  declared  hopelessly  bankrupt  in  May  following.  France 
Avas  impoverished  by  it,  both  private  and  public  credit  Avere  overthrown,  capi- 
talists suddenly  found  themselves  paupers,  and  labor  ^as  left  Avithout  employ- 
ment.    The  effect  on  the  colony  of  Louisiana  Avas  disastrous. 

While  this  Avas  going  on  in  LoAver  Louisiana,  the  region  about  the  lakes  was 
the  theater  of  Indian  hostilities,  rendering  the  passage  from  Canada  to  Louisiana 
extremely  dangerous  for  many  years.  The  English  had  not  only  extended  their 
Indian  trade  into  the  vicinity  of  the  French  settlements,  but  through  their 
friends,  the  Iroquois,  had  gained  a  marked  ascendancy  over  the  Foxes,  a  fierce 
and  powerful  tribe,  of  Iroquois  descent,  Avhom  they  incited  to  hostilities  against 
the  French.  The  Foxes  began  their  hostilities  with  the  siege  of  Detroit  in 
1712,  a  siege  which  they  continued  for  nineteen  consecutive  days,  and  although 
the  expedition  resulted  in  diminishing  their  numbers  and  humbling  their  pride, 
yet  it  Avas  not  until  after  several  successive  campaigns,  embodying  the  best 
military  resources  of  NeAV  France,  had  been  directed  against  them,  that  were 
finally  defeated  at  the  great  battles  of  Butte  des  Morts,  and  on  the  Wisconsin 
River,  and  driven  west  in  1746. 

The  Company,  having  found  that  the  cost  of  defending  Louisiana  exceeded 
the  returns  from  its  commerce,  solicited  leave  to  surrender  the  Mississippi 
Avilderness  to  the  home  government.  Accordingly,  on  the  10th  of  April,  1732, 
the  jurisdiction  and  control  over  the  commerce  reverted  to  the  crown  of  France. 
The  Company  had  held  possession  of  Louisiana  fourteen  years.  In  1735,  Bien- 
ville returned  to  assume  command  for  the  King. 

A  glance  at  a  few  of  the  old  French  settlements  will  show  the  progress  made 
in  portions  of  Louisiana  during  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  As 
early  as  1705,  traders  and  hunters  had  penetrated  the  fertile  regions  of  the 
Wabash,  and  from  this  region,  at  that  early  date,  fifteen  thousand  hides  and 
skins  had  been  collected  and  sent  to  Mobile  for  the  European  market. 

In  the  year  1716,  the  French  population  on  the  Wabash  kept  up  a  lucrati\'e 
commerce  with  Mobile  by  means  of  traders  and  voyageurs.  The  Ohio  River 
was  comparatively  unknown. 

In  1746,  agriculture  on  the  Wabash  had  attained  to  greater  prosperity  than 
in  any  of  the  French  settlements  besides,  and  in  that  year  six  hundred  barrels 
of  flour  were  manufactured  and  shipped  to  New  Orleans,  together  Avith  consider- 
able quantities  of  hides,  peltry,  tallow  and  beeswax. 

In  the  Illinois  country,  also,  considerable  settlements  had  been  made,  so  that, 
in  1730,  they  embraced  one  hundred  and  forty  French  families,  about  six 
hundred  "converted  Indians,"  and  many  traders  and  voyageurs. 

In  1753,  the  first  actual  conflict  arose  between  Louisiana  and  the  Atlantic 
colonies.  From  the  earliest  advent  of  the  Jesuit  fathers,  up  to  the  period  of 
which  we  speak,  the  great  ambition  of  the  French  had  been,  not  alone  to  preserve 
their  possessions  in  the  W^est,  but  by  every  possible  means  to  prevent  the 
slightest  attempt  of  the  English,  east  of  the  mountains,  to  extend  their  settle- 


144  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

raents  toward  the  Mississippi.  France  was  resolved  on  retaining  possession  of 
the  great  territory  which  her  missionaries  had  discovered  and  revealed  to  the 
world.  French  commandants  had  avowed  their  purpose  of  seizing  every 
Englishman  within  the  Ohio  Valley. 

The  colonies  of  Pennsylvania,  New  York  and  Virginia  were  most  affected  by 
the  encroachments  of  France  in  the  extension  of  her  dominion,  and  particularly 
in  the  great  scheme  of  uniting  Canada  with  Louisiana.  To  carry  out  this 
[•urpose,  the  French  had  taken  possession  of  a  tract  of  country  claimed  by  Vir- 
ginia, and  had  commenced  a  line  of  forts  extending  from  the  lakes  to  the  Ohio 
River.  Virginia  was  not  only  alive  to  her  own  interests,  but  attentive  to  the 
vast  importance  of  an  immediate  and  effectual  resistance  on  the  part  of  all 
the  English  colonies  to  the  actual  and  contemplated  encroachments  of  the 
French. 

In  1753,  Governor  Dinwiddie,  of  Virginia,  sent  George  Washington,  then  a 
young  man  just  twenty-one,  to  demand  of  the  French  commandant  "  a  reason 
for  invading  British  dominions  while  a  solid  peace  subsisted."  Washington  met 
the  French  commandant,  Gardeur  de  St.  Pierre,  on  the  head  w^aters  of  the 
Allecfhanv,  and  having  communicated  to  him  the  object  of  his  journey,  received 
the  insolent  answer  tliat  the  French  would  not  discuss  the  matter  of  right,  but 
would  make  prisoners  of  every  Englishman  found  trading  on  the  Ohio  and  its 
waters.  The  country,  he  said,  belonged  to  the  French,  by  virtue  of  the  dis- 
coveries of  La  Salle,  and  they  would  not  withdraw  from  it. 

In  January,  1754,  Washington  returned  to  Virginia,  and  made  his  report  to 
the  Governor  and  Council.  Forces  were  at  once  raised,  and  Washington,  as 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  was  dispatched  at  the  head  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  men,  to 
the  forks  of  the  Ohio,  with  orders  to  "finish  the  fort  already  begun  there  by  the 
Ohio  Company,  and  to  make  prisoners,  kill  or  destroy  all  who  interrupted  the 
English  settlements." 

On  his  march  through  the  forests  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  Washington, 
through  the  aid  of  friendly  Indians,  discovered  the  French  concealed  among  the 
rocks,  and  as  they  ran  to  seize  their  arms,  ordered  his  men  to  fire  upon  them,  at 
the  same  time,  with  his  own  musket,  setting  the  example.  An  action  lasting 
about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  ensued ;  ten  of  the  Frenchmen  were  killed,  among 
them  Jumonville,  the  commander  of  the  party,  and  twenty-one  were  made  pris- 
oners. The  dead  were  scalped  by  the  Indians,  and  the  chief,  bearing  a  toma- 
hawk and  a  scalp,  visited  all  the  tribes  of  the  Miamis,  urging  them  to  join  the 
Six  Nations  and  the  English  against  the  French.  The  French,  however,  were 
soon  re-enforced,  and  Col.  Washington  was  compelled  to  return  to  Fort 
Necessity.  Here,  on  the  3d  day  of  July,  De  Villiers  invested  the  fort  with 
000  French  troops  and  100  Indians.  On  the  4th,  Washington  accepted 
terms  of  capitulation,  and  the  English  garrison  withdrew  from  the  valley  of 
the  Ohio. 

This  attack  of  Washington  upon  Jumonville  aroused  the  indignation  of 
France,  and  war  was  formally  declared  in  May,  1756,  and  the  "  French  and 
Indian  War"  devastated  the  colonics  for  several  years.  Montreal,  Detroit 
ami  all  Canada  were  surrendered  to  the  English,  and  on  the  10th  of  February, 
1 703,  by  the  treaty  of  Paris — which  had  been  signed,  though  not  formally  ratified 
by  the  respecti  ve  governments,  on  the  3d  of  November,  1 762— France  relinquished 
to  Great  Britian  all  that  portion  of  the  province  of  Louisiana  lying  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  except  the  island  and  town  of  New  Orleans.  On  the 
same  day  that  the  treaty  of  Paris  was  signed,  France,  by  a  secret  treaty,  ceded 
to  Spain  all  her  possessions  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  including  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  145 

whole  country  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Great  River,  and  west  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  the  jurisdiction  of  France  in  America,  which  had  lasted  nearly 
a  century,  was  ended. 

At  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States,  the  English  Government  ceded  to  the  latter 
all  the  territory  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  north  of  the  thirty- 
first  parallel  of  north  latitude.  At  the  same  time.  Great  Britain  ceded  to 
Spain  all  the  Floridas,  comprising  all  the  territory  east  of  the  Mississippi  and 
south  of  the  southern  limits  of  the  United  States. 

At  this  time,  therefore,  the  present  State  of  Iowa  was  a  part  of  the  Spanish 
possessions  in  North  America,  as  all  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  River 
was  under  the  dominion  of  Spain.  That  government  also  possessed  all  the 
territory  of  the  Floridas  east  of  the  great  river  and  south  of  the  thirty-first 
parallel  of  north  latitude.  The  Mississippi,  therefore,  so  essential  to  the  pros- 
perity of  the  western  portion  of  the  United  States,  for  the  last  three  hundred 
miles  of  its  course  floAved  wholly  within  the  Spanish  dominions,  and  that  govern- 
ment claimed  the  exclusive  right  to  use  and  control  it  below  the  southern  boun- 
dary of  the  United  States. 

The  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  was  a  very  important  question  during 
all  the  time  that  Louisiana  remained  a  dependency  of  the  Spanish  Crown,  and 
as  the  final  settlement  intimately  affected  the  status  of  the  then  future  State 
of  Iowa,  it  will  be  interesting  to  trace  its  progress. 

The  people  of  the  United  States  occupied  and  exercised  jurisdiction  over 
the  entire  eastern  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  embracing  all  the  country  drained 
by  its  eastern  tributaries  ;  they  had  a  natural  right,  according  to  the  accepted  in- 
ternational law,  to  follow  these  rivers  to  the  sea,  and  to  the  use  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  accordingly,  as  the  great  natural  channel  of  commerce.  The  river 
was  not  only  necessary  but  absolutely  indispensable  to  the  prosperity  and  growth 
of  the  western  settlements  then  rapidly  rising  into  commercial  and  political 
importance.  They  were  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  great  valley,  and  with 
wonderfully  expansive  energies  and  accumulating  resources,  it  was  very  evident 
that  no  power  on  earth  could  deprive  them  of  the  free  use  of  the  river  below 
them,  only  while  their  numbers  were  insufiicient  to  enable  them  to  maintain 
their  right  by  force.  Inevitably,  therefore,  immediately  after  the  ratification  of 
the  treaty  of  1783,  the  Western  people  began  to  demand  the  free  navigation 
of  the  Mississippi — not  as  a  favor,  but  as  a  right.  In  1786,  both  banks  of 
the  river,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  w^ere  occupied  by  Spain,  and  military 
posts  on  the  east  bank  enforced  her  power  to  exact  heavy  duties  on  all  im- 
ports by  way  of  the  river  for  the  Ohio  region.  Every  boat  descending  the 
river  was  forced  to  land  and  submit  to  the  arbitrary  revenue  exactions  of  the 
Spanish  authorities.  Under  the  administration  of  Governor  Miro,  these  rigor- 
ous exactions  were  someAvhat  relaxed  from  1787  to  1790  ;  but  Spain  held  it  as 
her  right  to  make  them.  Taking  advantage  of  the  claim  of  the  American  people, 
that  the  Mississippi  should  be  opened  to  them,  in  1791,  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment concocted  a  scheme  for  the  dismembership  of  the  Union.  The  plan  was 
to  induce  the  Weste-rn  people  to  separate  from  the  Eastern  States  by  liberal  land 
grants  and  extraordinary  commercial  privileges. 

Spanish  emissaries,  among  the  people  of  Ohio  and  Kentucky,  informed  them 
that  the  Spanish  Government  would  grant  them  favorable  commercial  privileges, 
provided  they  would  secede  from  the  Federal  Government  east  of  the  mountains. 
The  Spanish  Minister  to  the  United  States  plainly  declared  to  his  confidential 
correspondent  that,  unless  the  Western  people  would  declare  their  independence 


146  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  refuse  to  remain  in  the  Union,  Spain  was  determined  never  to  grant  the 
free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi. 

By  the  treaty  of  Madrid,  October  20,  1795,  however,  Spain  formally  stip- 
ulated that  the  Mississippi  River,  from  its  source  to  the  Gulf,  for  its  entire  width, 
should  be  free  to  American  trade  and  commerce,  and  that  the  people  of  the 
United  States  should  be  permitted,  for  three  years,  to  use  the  port  of  New 
Orleans  as  a  port  of  deposit  for  their  merchandise  and  produce,  duty  free. 

In  November,  1801,  the  United  States  Government  received,  through  Rufus 
King,  its  Minister  at  the  Court  of  St.  James,  a  copy  of  the  treaty  between  Spain 
and  France,  signed  at  Madrid  March  21,  1801,  by  which  the  cession  of  Loui- 
siana to  France,  made  the  previous  Autumn,  was  confirmed. 

The  change  offered  a  favorable  opportunity  to  secure  the  just  rights  of  the 
United  States,  in  relation  to  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  and  ended 
the  attempt  to  dismember  the  Union  by  an  effort  to  secure  an  independent 
government  west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  On  the  7th  of  January,  1803. 
the  American  House  of  Representatives  adopted  a  resolution  declaring  their 
"  unalterable  determination  to  maintain  the  boundaries  and  the  rights  of  navi- 
gation and  commerce  through  the  River  Mississippi,  as  established  by  existing 
treaties." 

In  the  same  month,  President  Jefferson  nominated  and  the  Senate  confirmed 
Robert  ,R.  Livingston  and  James  Monroe  as  Envoys  Plenipotentiary  to  the 
Court  of  France,  and  Charles  Pinckney  and  James  Moni-oe  to  the  Court  of 
Spain,  with  plenary  powers  to  negotiate  treaties  to  effect  the  object  enunciated 
by  the  popular  branch  of  the  National  Legislature.  These  envoys  were  in- 
structed to  secure,  if  possible,  the  cession  of  Florida  and  New  Orleans,  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  Mr.  Jefferson  and  his  Cabinet  had  any  idea  of  purchasing 
that  part  of  Louisiana  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  In  fact,  on 
the  2d  of  March  following,  the  instructions  Avere  sent  to  our  Ministers,  contain- 
ing a  plan  which  expressly  left  to  France  "all  her  territory  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Mississippi."  Had  these  instructions  been  followed,  it  might  have  been  that 
there  would  not  have  been  any  State  of  Iowa  or  any  other  member  of  the  glori- 
ous Union  of  States  west  of  the  "  Father  of  Waters." 

In  obedience  to  his  instructions,  however,  Mr.  Livingston  broached  this 
plan  to  M.  Talleyrand,  Napoleon's  Prime  Minister,  when  that  courtly  diplo- 
matist quietly  suggested  to  the  American  Minister  that  France  might  be  willing 
to  cede  the  ivhole  French  domain  in  North  America  to  the  United  States,  and 
asked  how  much  the  Federal  Government  would  be  willing  to  give  for  it.  Liv- 
ingston intimated  that  twenty  millions  of  francs  might  be  a  fair  price.  Talley- 
rand thought  that  not  enough,  but  asked  the  Americans  to  "think  of  it."  A 
few  days  later,  Napoleon,  in  an  interview  with  Mr.  Livingston,  in  effect  informed 
the  American  Envoy  that  he  had  secured  Louisiana  in  a  contract  with  Spain 
for  the  purpose  of  turning  it  over  to  the  United  States  for  a  mere  nominal  sum. 
He  had  been  compelled  to  provide  for  the  safety  of  that  province  by  the  treaty, 
and  he  was  "  anxious  to  give  the  United  States  a  magnificent  bargain  for  a 
mere  trifle."  The  price  proposed  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  million 
francs.  This  was  subsequently  modified  to  fifteen  million  dollars,  and  on  this 
basis  a  treaty  was  negotiated,  and  was  signed  on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1803. 

This  treaty  was  ratified  by  the  Federal  Government,  and  by  act  of  Congress, 
approved  October  31,  1803,  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  authorized 
to  take  possession  of  the  territory  and  provide  for  it  a  temporary  government. 
Accordingly,  on  the  20th  day  of  December  following,  on  behalf  of  the  Presi- 
dent^  Gov.  Clairborne  and   Gen.  Wilkinson   took  possession  of  the   Louisiana 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  147 

purchase,  and  raised  the  American  flag  over  the  newly  acquired  domain,  at  New 
Orleans.  Spain,  although  it  had  by  treaty  ceded  the  province  to  France  in 
1801,  still  held  quasi  possession,  and  at  first  objected  to  the  transfer,  but  with- 
drew her  opposition  eaidy  in  1804. 

By  this  treaty,  thus  successfully  consummated,  and  tlie  peaceable  withdrawal 
of  Spain,  the  then  infant  nation  of  the  New  World  extended  its  dominion  west 
of  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  north  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to 
British  America. 

If  the  original  design  of  Jefferson's  administration  had  been  accomplished, 
the  United  States  would  have  acquired  only  that  portion  of  the  French  territory 
lying  east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  while  the  American  people  Avould  thus 
have  acquired  the  free  navigation  of  that  great  river,  all  of  the  vast  and  fertile 
empire  on  the  west,  so  rich  in  its  agricultural  and  inexhaustible  mineral 
resources,  would  have  remained  under  the  dominion  of  a  foreign  power.  To 
Napoleon's  desire  to  sell  the  whole  of  his  North  American  possessions,  and  Liv- 
ingston's act  transcending  his  instructions,  which  was  acquiesced  in  after  it  was 
done,  does  Iowa  owe  her  position  as  a  part  of  the  United  States  by  the 
Louisiana  purchase. 

By  authority  of  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  26,  1804,  the  newly 
acquired  territory  was,  on  the  1st  day  of  October  fallowing,  divided :  that  part 
lying  south  of  the  33d  parallel  of  north  latitude  was  called  the  Territory  of 
Orleans,  and  all  north  of  that  parallel  the  District  of  Louisiana,  which  was  placed 
under  the  authority  of  the  officers  of  Indiana  Territory,  until  July  4, 1805,  when 
it  was  organized,  with  territorial  government  of  its  own,  and  so  remained  until 
1812,  when  the  Territory  of  Orleans  became  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  the 
name  of  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  was  changed  to  Missouri.  On  the  4tli  of 
July,  1814,  that  part  of  Missouri  Territory  comprising  the  present  State  of 
Arkansas,  and  the  country  to  the  westward,  Avas  organized  into  the  Arkansas 
Territory, 

On  the  2d  of  March,  1821,  the  State  of  Missouri,  being  a  part  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  that  name,  was  admitted  to  the  Union.  June  28,  1834,  the  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  north  of  Missouri  Avas  made  a  part  of  the 
Territory  of  Michigan  ;  but  two  years  later,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1836,  Wiscon- 
sin Territory  was  erected,  embracing  within  its  limits  the  present  States  of 
Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  12,  1838,  the 

TERRITORY   OF    lOAV A 

was  erected,  comprising,  in  addition  to  the  present  State,  much  the  larger  part 
of  Minnesota,  and  extending  north  to  the  boundary  of  the  British  Possessions. 

THE    ORIGINAL  OWNERS. 

Having  traced  the  early  history  of  the  great  empire  lying  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, of  which  the  State  of  Iowa  constitutes  a  part,  from  the  earliest  dis- 
covery to  the  organization  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  it  becomes  necessary  to 
give  some  history  of 

THE    INDIANS    OF    IOWA. 

According  to  the  policy  of  the  European  nations,  possession  perfected  title 
to  any  territory.  We  have  seen  that  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi  was  first 
discovered  by  the  Spaniards,  but  afterward,  was  visited  and  occupied  by  the 
French.     It  was  ceded  by  France  to  Spain,  and  by  Spain  back  to  France  again. 


148  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  then  was  purchased  and  occupied  by  the  United  States.  During  all  that 
time,  it  does  not  appear  to  have  entered  into  the  heads  or  hearts  of  the  high 
contracting  parties  tliat  the  country  they  bought,  sold  and  gave  away  was  in 
the  possession  of  a  race  of  men  who,  although  savage,  owned  the  vast  domain 
before  Columbus  first  crossed  the  Atlantic.  Having  purchased  the  territory, 
the  United  States  found  it  still  in  the  possession  of  its  original  owners,  who  had 
never  been  dispossessed ;  and  it  became  necessary  to  purchase  again  what  had 
already  been  bought  before,  or  forcibly  eject  the  occupants ;  therefore,  the  his- 
tory of  the  Indian  nations  who  occupied  Iowa  prior  to  and  during  its  early  set- 
tlement by  the  whites,  becomes  an  important  chapter  in  the  history  of  the  State^ 
that  cannot  be  omitted. 

For  more  than  one  hundred  years  after  Marquette  and  Joliet  trod  the  virgin 
soil  of  Iowa,  not  a  single  settlement  had  been  made  or  attempted ;  not  even  a 
trading  post  had  been  established.  The  whole  country  remained  in  the  undis- 
puted possession  of  the  native  tribes,  who  roamed  at  will  over  her  beautiful  and. 
fertile  prairies,  hunted  in  her  Avoods,  fished  in  her  streams,  and  often  poured  out 
their  life-blood  in  obstinately  contested  contests  for  supremacy.  That  this  State 
so  aptly  styled  "The  Beautiful  Land,"  had  been  the  theater  of  numerous, 
fierce  and  bloody  struggles  between  rival  nations,  for  possession  of  the  favored 
region,  long  before  its  settlement  by  civilized  man,  there  is  no  room  for  doubt. 
In  these  savage  wars,  the  weaker  party,  whether  aggressive  or  defensive,  was 
either  exterminated  or  driven  from  their  ancient  hunting  grounds. 

In  1G78,  Avhen  Manjuette  discovered  Iowa,  the  Illini  were  a  very  poAverful 
people,  occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  State ;  but  Avhen  the  country  was  again 
visited  by  the  whites,  not  a  remnant  of  that  once  powerful  tribe  remained  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  and  Iowa  was  principally  in  the  possession  of 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  a  warlike  tribe  which,  originally  two  distinct  nations, 
residing  in  New  York  and  on  the  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  had  gradually 
fought  their  Avay  westward,  and  united,  probably,  after  the  Foxes  had  been  driven 
out  of  the  Fox  River  country,  in  1846,  and  crossed  the  Mississippi.  The  death 
of  Pontiac,  a  famous  Sac  chieftain,  was  made  the  pretext  for  war  against  the 
Illini,  and  a  fierce  and  bloody  struggle  ensued,  which  continued  until  the  Illinois 
were  nearly  destroyed  and  their  hunting  grounds  possessed  by  their  victorious 
foes.  The  lowas  also  occupied  a  portion  of  the  State  for  a  time,  in  common 
Avith  the  Sacs,  but  tliey,  too,  Avere  nearly  destroyed  by  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and, 
in  "The  Beautiful  Land,"  these  natives  met  their  equally  AA'arlike  foes,  the 
Northern  Sioux,  Avith  whom  they  maintained  a  constant  Avarfare  for  the  posses- 
sion of  the  country  for  many  years. 

AVhen  the  L^nitod  States  came  in  possession  of  the  great  valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissip|)i,  by  the  Louisiana  purcliase,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  loAvas  possesse<l 
the  entire  territory  noAV  comprising  tlie  State  of  loAva.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
also,  occupied  the  most  of  tlie  State  of  Illinois. 

The  Sacs  had  four  principal  viHages,  Avhere  most  of  them  resided,  viz.  : 
Their  largest  and  most  important  town — if  an  Indian  village  may  be  called 
such — and  from  which  emanated  most  of  the  obstacles  and  difficulties  encoun- 
tered by  the  Government  in  the  extinguishment  of  Indian  titles  to  land  in  tliis 
region,  was  on  Rock  River,  near  Rock  Island ;  another  was  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  Mississippi,  near  the  mouth  of  Henderson  River;  the  third  was  at  the 
head  of  the  Des  Moines  Rapids,  near  the  present  site  of  Montrose,  and  the  fourth 
Avas  near  the  mouth  of  the  Upper  Iowa. 

The  Foxes  had  three  principal  villages,  viz. :  One  on  the  Avest  side  of  the 
Mississippi,  six  miles  above  the  rapids  of  Rock  River ;  another  about  twelve 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  149 

miles  from  the  river,  in  the  rear  of  the  DubiKjue  lead  mines,  and  the  third  on. 
Turkey  River. 

The  lowas,  at  one  time  identified  with  the  Sacs,  of  Rock  River,  had  with- 
drawn from  them  and  become  a  separate  tribe.  Their  principal  village  Avas  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Van  Buren  County,  on  the  site  where  lowaville  now 
stands.  Here  the  last  great  battle  between  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  the  lowas 
was  fought,  in  which  Black  Hawk,  then  a  young  man,  commanded  one  division 
of  the  attacking  forces.     The  following  account  of  the  battle  has  been  given : 

"  Contrary  to  long  established  custom  of  Indian  attack,  this  battle  was  commenced  in  the  day 
time,  the  attending  circumstances  justifying  this  departure  from  the  well  settled  usages  of  Indian 
warfare.  The  battle  field  was  a  level  river  bottom,  about  four  miles  in  length,  and  two  miles 
wide  near  the  middle,  narrowing  to  a  point  at  either  end.  The  main  area  of  this  bottom  rises 
perhaps  twenty  feet  above  the  river,  leaving  a  narrow  strip  of  low  bottom  along  the  shore,  covered 
with  trees  that  belted  the  prairie  on  the  river  side  with  a  thick  forest,  and  the  immediate  bank  of 
the  river  was  fringed  with  a  dense  growth  of  willows.  Near  the  lower  end  of  this  prairie,  near 
the  river  bank,  was  situated  the  Iowa  village.  About  two  miles  above  it  and  near  the  middle  of 
the  prairie  is  a  mound,  covered  at  the  time  with  a  tuft  of  small  trees  and  underbrush  growing  on 
its  summit.  In  the  rear  of  this  little  elevation  or  mound  lay  a  belt  of  wet  prairie,  covered,  at  that 
time,  with  a  dense  growth  of  rank,  coarse  grass.  Bordering  this  wet  prairie  on  the  north,  the 
country  rises  abruptly  into  elevated  broken  river  bluffs,  covered  with  a  heavy  forest  for  many 
miles  in  extent,  and  in  places  thickly  clustered  with  undergrowth,  affording  a  convenient  shelter 
for  the  stealthy  approach  of  the  foe. 

"  Through  this  forest  the  Sac  and  Fox  war  party  made  their  way  in  the  night  and  secreted 
themselves  in  the  tall  grass  spoken  of  above,  intending  to  remain  in  ambush  during  the  day  and 
make  such  observations  as  this  near  proximity  to  their  intended  victim  might  afford,  to  aid  thera 
in  their  contemplated  attack  on  the  town  during  the  following  night.  From  this  situation  their 
spies  could  take  a  full  survey  of  the  village,  and  watch  every  movement  of  the  inhabitants,  by 
which  means  they  were  soon  convinced  that  the  lowas  had  no  suspicion  of  their  presence. 

"At  the  foot  of  the  mound  above  mentioned,  the  lowas  had  their  race  course,  where  they  diverted 
themselves  with  the  excitement  of  horse  racing,  and  schooled  their  young  warriors  in  cavalry 
evolutions.  In  these  exercises  mock  battles  were  fought,  and  the  Indian  tactics  of  attack  and; 
defense  carefully  inculcated,  by  which  meansa  skill  in  horsemanship  was  acquired  rarely  excelled. 
Unfortunately  for  them  this  day  was  selected  for  their  equestrian  sports,  and  wholly  uncon- 
scious of  the  proximity  of  their  foes,  the  warriors  repaired  to  the  race  ground,  leaving  most  of 
their  arms  in  the  village  and  their  old  men  and  women  and  children  unprotected. 

"  Pash-a-po-po,  who  was  chief  in  command  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  perceived  at  once  the 
advantage  this  state  of  things  afforded  for  a  complete  surprise  of  his  now  doomed  victims,  and 
ordered  Black  Hawk  to  file  off  with  his  young  warriors  through  the  tall  grass  and  gain  the  cover 
of  the  timber  along  the  river  bank,  and  with  the  utmost  speed  reach  the  village  and  commence 
the  battle,  while  he  remained  with  his  division  in  the  ambush  to  make  a  simultaneous  assault  on 
the  unarmed  men  whose  attention  was  engrossed  with  the  excitement  of  the  races.  The  plan 
was  skillfully  laid  and  most  dexterously  executed.  Black  Hawk  with  his  forces  reached  the 
village  undiscovered,  and  made  a  furious  onslaught  upon  the  defenseless  inhabitants,  by  firing 
one  general  volley  into  their  midst,  and  completing  the  slaughter  with  the  tomahawk  and  scalp- 
ing knife,  aided  by  the  devouring  flames  with  which  they  enveloped  the  village  as  soon  as  the 
fire  brand  could  be  spread  from  lodge  to  lodge. 

"  On  the  instant  of  the  report  of  fire  arms  at  the  village,  the  forces  under  Pash-a-po-po 
leaped  from  their  couchant  position  in  the  grass  and  sprang  tiger-like  upon  the  astonished  and 
unarmed  lowas  in  the  midst  of  their  racing  spurts.  The  first  impulse  of  the  latter  naturally  led 
them  to  make  the  utmost  speed  toward  their  arms  in  the  village,  and  protect  if  possible  their 
wives  and  children  from  the  attack  of  their  merciless  assailants.  The  distance  from  the  place  of" 
attack  on  the  prairie  was  two  miles,  and  a  great  number  fell  in  their  flight  by  the  bullets  and 
tomahawks  of  their  enemies,  who  pressed  them  closely  with  a  running  fire  the  whole  way,  and 
the  survivors  only  reached  their  town  in  time  to  witness  the  horrors  of  its  destruction.  Their 
whole  village  was  in  flames,  and  the  dearest  objects  of  their  lives  lay  in  slaughtered  heaps 
amidst  the  devouring  element,  and  the  agonizing  groans  of  the  dying,  mingled  with  the  exulting 
shouts  of  the  victorious  foe,  filled  their  hearts  with  maddening  despair.  Their  wives  and  children 
who  had  been  spared  the  general  massacre  were  prisoners,  and  together  with  their  arms  were  in 
the  hands  of  the  victors :  and  all  that  could  now  be  done  wa-s  to  draw  off  their  shattered  and 
defenseless  forces,  and  save  as  many  lives  as  possible  by  a  retreat  across  the  Des  Moines  River, 
which  they  effected  in  the  best  possible  manner,  and  took  a  position  among  the  Soap  Creek 
Hills." 

The  Sacs  and  Foxes,  prior  to  the  settlement  of  their  village  on  Rock  River, . 
had  a  fierce  conflict  with  the  Winnebacroes,  subdued  them  and  took  nossession. 


150  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  their  lands.  Their  village  on  Rock  River,  at  one  time,  contained  upward  of 
sixty  lodges,  and  was  among  the  largest  Indian  villages  on  the  continent.  In 
1825,  the  Secretary  of  War  estimated  the  entire  number  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
at  4,600  souls.  Their  village  was  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
upper  rapids  of  the  Mississippi,  where  the  beautiful  and  flourishing  towns  of 
Rock  Island  and  Davenport  are  now  situated.  The  beautiful  scenery  of  the 
island,  the  extensive  prairies,  dotted  over  with  groves ;  the  picturesque  bluffs 
along  the  river  banks,  the  rich  and  fertile  soil,  producing  large  crops  of  corn, 
squash  and  other  vegetables,  with  little  labor;  the  abundance  of  wild  fruit, 
game,  fish,  and  almost  everything  calculated  to  make  it  a  delightful  spot  for  an 
Indian  village,  which  was  found  there,  had  made  this  place  a  favorite  home  of 
the  Sacs,  and  secured  for  it  the  strong  attachment  and  veneration  of  the  whole 
nation. 

North  of  the  hunting  grounds  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  were  those  of  the 
Sioux,  a  fierce  and  warlike  nation,  who  often  disputed  possession  with  their 
rivals  in  savage  and  bloody  warfare.  The  possessions  of  these  tribes  were 
mostly  located  in  Minnesota,  but  extended  over  a  portion  of  Northern  and 
Western  Iowa  to  the  Missouri  River.  Their  descent  from  the  north  upon  the 
hunting  grounds  of  Iowa  frequently  brought  them  into  collision  with  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes ;  and  after  many  a  conflict  and  bloody  struggle,  a  boundary  line  was 
established  between  them  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  in  a  treaty 
held  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  in  1825.  But  this,  instead  of  settling  the  difiiculties, 
caused  them  to  quarrel  all  the  more,  in  consequence  of  alleged  trespasses  Upon 
each  other's  side  of  the  line.  These  contests  were  kept  up  and  became  so  unre- 
lenting that,  in  1830,  Government  bought  of  the  respective  tribes  of  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes,  and  the  Sioux,  a  strip  of  land  twenty  miles  in  width,  on  both  sides 
of  the  line,  and  thus  throwing  them  forty  miles  apart  by  creating  between  them 
a  "neutral  ground,"  commanded  them  to  cease  their  hostilities.  Both  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes  and  the  Sioux,  however,  were  allowed  to  fish  and  hunt  on  this 
ground  unmolested,  provided  they  did  not  interfere  with  each  other  on  United 
States  territory.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes  and  the  Sioux  were  deadly  enemies,  and 
neither  let  an  opportunity  to  punish  the  other  pass  unimproved. 

In  April,  1852,  a  fight  occurred  between  the  Musquaka  band  of  Sacs  and 
Foxes  and  a  band  of  Sioux,  about  six  miles  above  Algona,  in  Kossuth  County, 
on  the  west  side  of  tlie  Des  Moines  River.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  under 
the  leadership  of  Ko-ko-wah,  a  subordinate  chief,  and  had  gone  up  from  their 
home  in  Tama  County,  by  way  of  Clear  Lake,  to  what  was  then  the  "  neutral 
ground."  At  Clear  Lake,  Ko-ko-wah  was  informed  that  a  party  of  Sioux  were 
encamped  on  the  west  side  of  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines,  and  he  deter- 
mined to  attack  them.  With  sixty  of  his  warriors,  he  started  and  arrived  at  a 
point  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  about  a  mile  above  the  Sioux  encampment, 
in  the  night,  and  concealed  themselves  in  a  grove,  where  they  were  able  to  dis- 
cover the  position  and  strength  of  their  hereditary  foes.  The  next  morning, 
after  many  of  the  Sioux  braves  had  left  their  camp  on  hunting  tours,  the  vin- 
dictive Sacs  and  Foxes  crossed  the  river  and  suddenly  attacked  the  camp.  The 
conflict  was  desperate  for  a  short  time,  but  the  advantage  was  with  the  assail- 
ants, and  tlie  Sioux  were  routed.  Sixteen  of  them,  including  some  of  their 
women  and  children,  were  killed,  and  a  boy  14  years  old  was  captured.  One 
of  the  Musquakas  was  shot  in  the  breast  by  a  squaw  as  they  were  rushing  into 
tlie  Sioux's  camp.  He  started  to  run  away,  when  the  same  brave  squaw  shot 
him  through  the  body,  at  a  distance  of  twenty  rods,  and  he  fell  dead.  Three 
other  Sac  braves  were  killed.     But  few  of  the  Sioux  escaped.      The  victorious 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  151 

party  hurriedly  buried  their  own  dead,  leaving  the  dead  Sioux  above  ground, 
and  made  their  way  home,  with  their  captive,  with  all  possible  expedition. 

pike's  expedition. 

Very  soon  after  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana,  the  United  States  Government 
adopted  measures  for  the  exploration  of  the  new  territory,  having  in  view  the 
conciliation  of  the  numerous  tribes  of  Indians  by  whom  it  was  possessed,  and, 
also,  the  selection  of  proper  sites  for  the  establishment  of  military  posts  and 
trading  stations.  The  Army  of  the  West,  Gen.  James  Wilkinson  commanding, 
had  its  headquarters  at  St.  Louis.  From  this  post,  Captains  Lewis  and  Clark, 
with  a  sufficient  force,  were  detailed  to  explore  the  unknown  sources  of  the 
Missouri,  and  Lieut.  Zebulon  M.  Pike  to  ascend  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut.  Pike,  with  one  Sergeant,  two  Corporals  and  seventeen  privates, 
left  the  military  camp,  near  St,  Louis,  in  a  keel-boat,  with  four  months'  rations, 
on  the  9th  day  of  August,  1805.  On  the  20th  of  the  same  month,  the  expe- 
dition arrived  within  the  present  limits  of  Iowa,  at  the  foot  of  the  Des  Moines 
Rapids,  where  Pike  met  William  Ewing,  who  had  just  been  appointed  Indian 
Agent  at  this  point,  a  French  interpreter  and  four  chiefs  and  fifteen  Sac  and 
Fox  Avarriors. 

At  the  head  of  the  Rapids,  where  Montrose  is  now  situated,  Pike  held  a 
council  with  the  Indians,  in  which  he  addressed  them  substantially  as  follows  : 
"  Your  great  Father,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  wished  to  be  more 
intimately  acquainted  with  the  situation  and  wants  of  the  different  nations  of 
red  people  in  our  newlv  acquired  territory  of  Louisiana,  and  has  ordered  the 
General  to  send  a  number  of  his  warriors  in  different  directions  to  take  them  by 
the  hand  and  make  such  inquiries  as  might  afford  the  satisfaction  required." 
At  the  close  of  the  council  he  presented  the  red  men  with  some  knives,  whisky 
and  tobacco, 

•  Pursuing  his  way  up  the  river,  he  arrived,  on  the  23d  of  August,  at  what  is 
supposed,  from  his  description,  to  be  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Burlington, 
which  he  selected  as  the  location  of  a  military  post.  He  describes  the  place  as 
being  "  on  a  hill,  about  forty  miles  above  the  River  de  Moyne  Rapids,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  in  latitude  about  -41°  21'  north.  The  channel  of  the 
river  runs  on  that  shore ;  the  hill  in  front  is  about  sixty  feet  perpendicular ; 
nearly  level  on  top ;  four  hundred  yards  in  the  rear  is  a  small  prairie  fit  for 
gardening,  and  immediately  under  the  hill  is  a  limestone  spring,  sufficient  for 
the  consumption  of  a  whole  regiment."  In  addition  to  this  description,  which 
corresponds  to  Burlington,  the  spot  is  laid  down  on  his  map  at  a  bend  in  the 
river,  a  short  distance  below  the  mouth  of  the  Henderson,  which  pours  its  waters 
into  the  Mississippi  from  Illinois.  The  fort  was  built  at  Fort  Madison,  but  from 
the  distance,  latitude,  description  and  map  furnished  by  Pike,  it  could  not  have 
been  the  place  selected  by  him,  while  all  the  circumstances  corroborate  the 
opinion  that  the  place  he  selected  was  the  spot  where  Burlington  is  now  located, 
called  by  the  early  voyagers  on  the  Mississippi,  "Flint  Hills." 

On  the  24th,  with  one  of  liis  men,  he  went  on  shore  on  a  hunting  expedition, 
and  following  a  stream  which  they  supposed  to  be  a  part  of  the  Mississippi,  they 
were  led  away  from  their  course.  Owing  to  the  intense  heat  and  tall  grass,  his 
two  favorite  dogs,  which  he  had  taken  with  him,  became  exhausted  and  he  left 
them  on  the  prairie,  supposing  that  they  would  follow  him  as  soon  as  they 
should  get  rested,  and  went  on  to  overtake  his  boat.  Reaching  the  river,  he 
waited  some  time  for  his  canine  friends,  but  they  did  not  come,  and  as  he  deemed 
it  inexpedient  to  detain  the  boat  longer,  two  of  his  men  volunteered  to  go  in  pur- 


152  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

suit  of  them,  and  he  continued  on  his  way  up  the  river,  expecting-  that  the  two 
men  wouhl  soon  overtake  him.  They  lost  their  way,  however,  and  for  six  days 
w^ere  without  food,  except  a  few  morsels  gathered  from  the  stream,  and  might 
have  perished,  had  they  not  accidentally  met  a  trader  from  St.  Louis,  who  in- 
duced two  Indians  to  take  them  up  the  river,  and  they  overtook  the  boat  at 
Dubuque.  • 

At  Dubuque,  Pike  was  cordially  received  by  Julien  Dubuque,  a  Frenchman, 
who  held  a  mining  claim  under  a  grant  from  Spain.  Dubuque  had  an  old  field 
piece  and  fired  a  salute  in  honor  of  the  advent  of  the  first  Americans  who  had 
visited  that  part  of  the  Territory.  Dubuque,  however,  was  not  disposed  to  pub- 
lish the  wealth  of  his  mines,  and  the  young  and  evidently  inquisitive  officer 
-obtained  but  little  information  from  him. 

After  leaving  this  place,  Pike  pursued  his  way  up  the  river,  but  as  he  passed 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  present  State  of  Iowa,  a  detailed  history  of  his  explo- 
rations on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Mississippi  more  properly  belongs  to  the  his- 
tory of  another  State. 

It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  on  the  site  of  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Minnesota  River,  Pike  held  a  council  with  the  Sioux,  September 
23,  and  obtained  from  them  a  grant  of  one  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land. 
On  the  8th  of  January,  180G,  Pike  arrived  at  a  trading  post  belonging  to  the 
Northwest  Company,  on  Lake  De  Sable,  in  latitude  47°.  At  this  time  the 
then  powerful  Northwest  Company  carried  on  their  immense  operations  from 
Hudson's  Bay  to  the  St.  Lawrence ;  up  that  river  on  both  sides,  along  the  great 
lakes  to  the  head  of  Lake  Superior,  thence  to  the  sources  of  the  Red  River  of 
the  north  and  west,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  embracing  within  the  scope  of 
their  operations  the  entire  Territory  of  Iowa.  After  successfully  accomplishing 
his  mission,  and  performing  a  valuable  service  to  Iowa  and  the  whole  Northwest, 
Pike  returned  to  St.  Louis,  arriving  there  on  the  oOth  of  April,  1806. 

INDIAN    WARS. 

The  Territory  of  Iowa,  although  it  had  been  purchased  by  the  United  States, 
and  was  ostensibly  in  the  possession  of  the  Government,  was  still  occupied  by 
the  Indians,  Avho  claimed  title  to  the  soil  by  right  of  ownership  and  possession. 
Before  it  couhl  be  open  to  settlement  by  the  whites,  it  was  indispensable  that 
the  Indian  title  should  be  extinguished  and  the  original  owners  removed.  The 
accomplishment  of  this  purpose  required  the  expenditure  of  large  sums  of 
money  and  blood,  and  for  a  long  series  of  years  the  frontier  was  disturbed  by 
Indian  wars,  terminated  repeatedly  by  treaty,  only  to  be  renewed  by  some  act 
of  oppression  on  the  part  of  the  whites  or  some  violation  of  treaty  stipulation. 

As  previously  shown,  at  the  time  when  the  United  States  assumed  the  con- 
trol of  the  country  by  virtue  of  the  Louisiana  purchase,  nearly  the  whole  State 
was  in  possession  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  a  powerful  and  warlike  nation,  who 
wrere  not  disposed  to  submit  without  a  struggle  to  what  they  considered  the 
encroachments  of  the  pale  faces. 

Among  the  most  noted  chiefs,  and  one  whose  restlessness  and  hatred  of  the 
Americans  occasioned  more  trouble  to  the  Government  than  any  other  of  his 
tribe,  was  Black  Hawk,  who  was  born  at  the  Sac  village,  on  Rock  River,  in 
1767.  He  was  simply  the  chief  of  his  own  band  of  Sac  warriors,  but  by  his 
energy  and  ambiti(m  he  became  the  leading  spirit  of  the  united  nation  of  Sacs 
and  Foxes,  and  one  of  the  prominent  figures  in  the  history  of  the  country  from 
1804  until  his  death.  In  early  manhood  he  attained  some  distinction  as  a 
lighting  chief,  having  led  campaigns  against  the  Osages,  and  other  neighboring 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  153 

tribes.  About  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  he  began  to  appear  prom- 
inent in  affairs  on  the  Mississippi.  Some  historians  have  added  to  the  statement 
that  "  it  does  not  appear  that  he  was  ever  a  great  general,  or  possessed  any  of 
the  qualifications  of  a  successful  leader."  If  this  was  so,  his  life  Avas  a  marvel. 
How  any  man  who  had  none  of  the  qualifications  of  a  leader  became  so  prom- 
inent as  such,  as  he  did,  indicates  either  that  he  had  some  ability,  or  that  his 
cotemporaries,  both  Indian  and  Anglo-Saxon,  had  less  than  he.  He  is  said 
to  have  been  the  "  victim  of  a  narrow  prejudice  and  bitter  ill-will  against  the 
Americans,"  but  the  impartial  historian  must  admit  that  if  he  was  the  enemy 
of  theAmericans,  it  was  certainly  not  without  some  reason. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  Spain  did  not  give  up  possession  of  the  country 
to  France  on  its  cession  to  the  latter  power,  in  1801,  but  retained  possession  of 
it,  and,  by  the  authority  of  France,  transferred  it  to  the  United  States,  in  1804. 
Black  Hawk  and  his  band  were  in  St.  Louis  at  the  time,  and  were  invited  to  be 
present  and  witness  the  ceremonies  of  the  transfer,  but  he  refused  the  invitation, 
and  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  this  refusal  Avas  caused  probably  more  from 
regret  that  the  Indians  were  to  be  transferred  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Spanish  authorities  than  from  any  special  hatred  toward  the  Americans.  In 
his  life  he  says :  "  I  found  many  sad  and  gloomy  faces  because  the  United 
States  were  about  to  take  possession  of  the  town  and  country.  Soon  after  the 
Americans  came,  I  took  my  band  and  went  to  take  leave  of  our  Spanish  father. 
The  Americans  came  to  see  him  also.  Seeing  them  approach,  we  passed  out 
of  one  door  as  they  entered  another,  and  immediately  started  in  our  canoes  for 
our  village,  on  Rock  River,  not  liking  the  change  any  more  than  our  friends 
appeared  to  at  St.  Louis.  On  arriving  at  our  village,  we  gave  the  news  that 
strange  people  had  arrived  at  St.  Louis,  and  that  we  should  never  see  our 
Spanish  father  again.     The  information  made  all  our  people  sorry." 

On  the  3d  day  of  November,  1804,  a  treaty  was  concluded  between  William 
Henry  Harrison,  then  Governor  of  Indiana  Territory,  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States,  and  five  chiefs  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nation,  by  which  the  latter,  in  con- 
sideration of  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-four  dollars'  worth  of  goods 
then  delivered,  and  a  yearly  annuity  of  one  thousand  dollars  to  be  paid  in 
goods  at  just  cost,  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  that  land  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Mississppi,  extending  from  a  point  opposite  the  Jefferson,  in  Missouri,  to 
the  Wisconsin  River,  embracing  an  area  of  over  fifty-one  millions  of  acres. 

To  this  treaty  Black  Hawk  always  objected  and  always  refused  to  consider 
it  binding  upon  his  people.  He  asserted  that  the  chiefs  or  braves  who  made  it 
liad  no  authority  to  relinquish  the  title  of  the  nation  to  any  of  the  lands  they 
held  or  occupied  ;  and,  moreover,  that  they  had  been  sent  to  St.  Louis  on  quite 
a  different  errand,  namely,  to  get  one  of  their  people  released,  who  had  been 
imprisoned  at  St.  Louis  for  killing  a  white  man. 

The  year  following  this  treaty  (1805),  Lieutenant  Zebulon  M.  Pike  came  up 
the  river  for  the  purpose  of  holding  friendly  councils  with  the  Indians  and  select- 
ing sites  for  forts  within  the  territory  recently  acquired  from  France  by  the 
United  States.  Lieutenant  Pike  seems  to  have  been  the  first  American  whom 
Black  Hawk  ever  met  or  had  a  personal  interview  with  ;  and  he  was  very  much 
prepossessed  in  Pike's  favor.  He  gives  the  following  account  of  his  visit  to 
Rock  Island : 

"  A  boat  came  up  the  river  with  a  young  American  chief  and  a  small  party 
of  soldiers.  We  heard  of  them  soon  after  they  passed  Salt  Riv^.  Some  of  our 
young  braves  watched  them  every  day,  to  see  what  sort  of  people  he  had  on 
board.     The  boat  at  length  ai-rived  at  Rock  River,  and  the  young  chief  came  on 


154  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  lOWA. 

shore  with  his  interpreter,  and  made  a  speech  and  gave  us  some  presents.  We 
in  turn  presented  them  with  meat  and  such  other  provisions  as  we  had  to  spare. 
We  were  Avell  pleased  with  the  young  chief.  He  gave  us  good  advice,  and  said 
our  American  fatlier  wouhl  treat  us  welL" 

The  events  which  soon  followed  Pike's  expedition  were  the  erection  of  Fort 
Edwards,  at  what  is  now  Warsaw,  Illinois,  and  Fort  Madison,  on  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  that  name,  the  latter  being  the  first  fort  erected  in  Iowa.  These 
movements  occasioned  great  uneasiness  among  the  Indians.  When  work  was 
commenced  on  Fort  Edwards,  a  delegation  from  their  nation,  headed  by  some  of 
their  chiefs,  went  down  to  see  what  the  Americans  were  doing,  and  had  an  in- 
terview with  the  commander;  after  which  they  returned  home  apparently  satis- 
fied. In  like  manner,  when  Fort  Madison  Avas  being  erected,  they  sent  down 
another  delegation  from  a  council  of  the  nation  held  at  Rock  River,  Accord- 
ing to  Black  Hawk's  account,  the  American  chief  told  them  that  he  was  build- 
ing a  house  for  a  trader  Avho  was  coming  to  sell  them  goods  cheap,  and  that  the 
soldiers  were  coming  to  keep  him  company' — a  statement  which  Black  Hawk 
says  they  distrusted  at  the  time,  believing  that  the  fort  was  an  encroachment 
upon  tlieir  rights,  and  designed  to  aid  in  getting  their  lands  away  from  them. 

It  lias  been  held  by  good  American  authorities,  that  the  erection  of  Fort 
Madison  at  the  point  where  it  was  located  was  a  violation  of  the  treaty  of  1804. 
By  the  eleventh  article  of  that  treaty,  the  United  States  had  a  right  to  build  a 
fort  near  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  River ;  by  article  six  they  had  bound 
themselves  '.'that  if  any  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  any  other  white  persons 
should  form  a  settlement  upon  their  lands,  such  intruders  should  forthwith  be 
removed."  Probal)ly  the  authorities  of  the  United  States  did  not  regard  the 
establishment  of  military  posts  as  coming  properly  within  the  meaning  of  the 
term  "settlement,"  as  used  in  the  treaty.  At  all  events,  they  erected  Fort 
Madison  within  the  territory  reserved  to  the  Indians,  who  became  very  indig- 
nant. Not  long  after  the  fort  w^as  built,  a  party  led  by  Black  Hawk  attempted 
its  destruction.  They  sent  spies  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  garrison,  who 
ascertained  that  the  soldiers  were  in  the  habit  of  marching  out  of  the  fort  every 
morning  and  evening  for  parade,  and  the  plan  of  the  party  was  to  conceal  them- 
selves near  the  fort,  and  attack  and  surprise  them  when  they  were  outside.  On 
the  morning  of  the  proposed  day  of  attack,  five  soldiers  came  out  and  Avere  fired 
upon  by  the  Indians,  two  of  them  being  killed.  The  Indians  were  too  hasty  in 
their  movement,  for  the  regular  drill  had  not  yet  commenced.  However,  they 
kept  up  the  attack  for  several  days,  attempting  the  old  Fox  strategy  of  setting 
fire  to  the  fort  with  blazing  arrows  ;  but  finding  their  efforts  unavailing,  ihey 
soon  gave  up  and  returned  to  Rock  River. 

When  war  was  declared  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  in 
1812,  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  allied  themselves  with  the  British,  partly 
because  he  was  dazzled  by  their  specious  promises,  and  more  probably  because 
they  had  been  deceived  by  the  Americans.  Black  Hawk  himself  declared  that 
they  were  ''forced  into  the  war  by  being  deceived."  He  narrates  the  circum- 
stances as  follows :  "  Several  of  the  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes  were  called  upon  to  go  to  Washington  to  see  their  Great  Father.  On 
their  return,  they  related  what  had  been  said  and  done.  They  said  the  Great 
Father  wished  them,  in  the  event  of  a  war  taking  place  with  England,  not  to 
interfere  on  either  side,  but  to  remain  neutral.  He  did  not  want  our  help,  but 
wished  us  to  hunt  and  support  our  families,  and  live  in  peace.  He  said  that 
Britisli  traders  would  not  be  permitted  to  come  on  the  Mississippi  to  furnish  us 
with  goods,  but   that  we  should  be  supplied  with  an  American  trader.     Our 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  155 

chiefs  then  told  him  that  the  British  traders  always  gave  them  credit  in  the 
Fall  for  guns,  powder  and  goods,  to  enable  us  to  hunt  and  clothe  our  families. 
He  repeated  that  the  traders  at  Fort  Madison  would  have  plenty  of  goods ; 
that  we  should  go  there  in  the  Fall  and  he  would  supply  us  on  credit,  as  the 
British  traders  had  done." 

Black  Hawk  seems  to  have  accepted  of  this  proposition,  and  he  and  his 
people  were  very  much  pleased.  Acting  in  good  faith,  they  fitted  out  for  their 
Winter's  hunt,  and  went  to  Fort  Madison  in  high  spirits  to  receive  from  the 
trader  their  outfit  of  supplies.  But,  after  waiting  some  time,  they  were  told  by 
the  trader  that  he  would  not  trust  them.  It  was  in  vain  that  they  pleaded  the 
promise  of  their  great  father  at  Washington.  The  trader  was  inexorable ;  and, 
disappointed  and  crestfallen,  they  turned  sadly  toward  their  own  village.  *'Few 
of  us,"'  says  Black  Hawk,  "slept  that  night;  all  was  gloom  and  discontent.  In 
the  morning,  a  canoe  was  seen  ascending  the  river ;  it  soon  arrived,  bearing  an 
express,  who  brought  intelligence  that  a  British  trader  had  landed  at  Rock 
Island  with  tAvo  boats  loaded  with  goods,  and  requested  us  to  come  up  imme- 
diately, because  he  had  good  news  for  us,  and  a  variety  of  presents.  The 
express  presented  us  with  tobacco,  pipes  and  wampum.  The  news  ran  through 
our  camp  like  fire  on  a  prairie.  Our  lodges  were  soon  taken  down,  and  all 
started  for  Rock  Island.  Here  ended  all  hopes  of  our  remaining  at  peace, 
having  been  forced  into  the  war  by  being  deceived." 

He  joined  the  British,  who  flattered  him,  styled  him  "  Gen.  Black  Hawk," 
decked  him  with  medals,  excited  his  jealousies  against,  the  Americans,  and 
armed  his  band ;  but  he  met  with  defeat  and  disappointment,  and  soon  aban- 
doned the  service  and  came  home. 

With  all  his  skill  and  courage,  Black  Hawk  was  unable  to  lead  all  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes  into  hostilities  to  the  United  States.  A  portion  of  them,  at  the  head 
of  whom  was  Keokuk  ("the  Watchful  Fox"),  were  disposed  to  abide  by  the 
treaty  of  1804,  and  to  cultivate  friendly  relations  with  the  American  people. 
Therefore,  when  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  joined  the  fortunes  of  Great 
Britain,  the  rest  of  the  nation  remained  neutral,  and,  for  protection,  organized, 
with  Keokuk  for  their  chief.  This  divided  the  nation  into  the  "  War  and  the 
Peace  party." 

Black  Hawk  says  he  was  informed,  after  he  had  gone  to  the  war,  that  the 
nation,  which  had  been  reduced  to  so  small  a  body  of  fighting  men,  were  unable 
to  defend  themselves  in  case  the  Americans  should  attack  them,  and  having  all 
the  old  men  and  women  and  children  belonging  to  the  warriors  who  had  joined 
the  British  on  their  hands  to  provide  for,  a  council  was  held,  and  it  was  agreed 
that  Quash-qua-me  (the  Lance)  and  other  chiefs,  together  with  the  old  men, 
women  and  children,  and  such  others  as  chose  to  accompany  them,  should  go  to 
St.  Louis  and  place  themselves  under  the  American  chief  stationed  there. 
They  accordingly  went  down,  and  were  received  as  the  "friendly  band"  of  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  were  provided  for  and  sent  up  the  Missouri  River.  On 
Black  Hawk's  return  from  the  British  army,  he  says  Keokuk  was  introduced 
to  him  as  the  war  chief  of  the  braves  then  in  the  village.  He  inquired  how  he 
had  become  chief,  and  was  informed  that  their  spies  had  seen  a  large  armed 
force  going  toward  Peoria,  and  fears  were  entertained  of  an  attack  upon  the 
village ;  whereupon  a  council  was  held,  which  concluded  to  leave  the  village 
and  cross  over  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Keokuk  had  been  standing 
at  the  door  of  the  lodge  where  the  council  was  held,  not  being  allowed  to  enter 
on  account  of  never  having  killed  an  enemy,  where  he  remained  until  Wa-co-me 
came  out.      Keokuk  asked  permission  to  speak  in  the  council,  which  Wa-co-me 


156  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

obtained  for  him.  Keokuk  then  addressed  the  chiefs  ;  he  remonstrated  against 
the  desertion  of  their  village,  their  own  homes  and  the  graves  of  their  fathers, 
and  oftered  to  defend  the  village.  The  council  consented  that  he  should  be 
their  war  chief.  lie  marshaled  his  braves,  sent  out  spies,  and  advanced  on  the 
trail  leading  to  Peoria,  but  returned  without  seeing  the  enemy.  The  Americans 
did  not  disturb  the  village,  and  all  were  satisfied  with  the  appointment  of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk,  like  Black  Hawk,  was  a  descendant  of  the  Sac  branch  of  the 
nation,  and  was  born  on  Rock  River,  in  1780.  He  was  of  a  pacific  disposition, 
but  possessed  the  elements  of  true  courage,  and  could  fight,  when  occasion 
required,  with  a  cool  judgment  and  heroic  energy.  In  his  first  battle,  he  en- 
countered and  killed  a  Sioux,  which  placed  him  in  the  rank  of  warriors,  and  he 
was  honored  with  a  public  feast  by  his  tribe  in  commemoration  of  the  event. 

Keokuk  has  been  described  as  an  orator,  entitled  to  rank  with  the  most 
gifted  of  his  race.  In  person,  he  was  tall  and  of  portly  bearing ;  in  his  public 
speeches,  he  displayed  a  commanding  attitude  and  graceful  gestures ;  he  spoke 
rapidly,  but  his  enunciation  was  clear,  distinct  and  forcible ;  he  culled  his  fig- 
ures from  the  stores  of  nature  and  based  his  arguments  on  skillful  logic.  Un- 
fortunately for  the  reputation  of  Keokuk,  as  an  orator  among  white  people,  he 
was  never  able  to  obtain  an  interpreter  who  could  claim  even  a  slight  acquaint- 
ance with  philosophy.  With  one  exception  only,  his  interpreters  were  unac- 
quainted with  the  elements  of  their  mother-tongue.  Of  this  serious  hindrance 
to  his  fame,  Keokuk  was  well  aware,  and  retained  Frank  Labershure,  who  had 
received  a  rudimental  education  in  the  French  and  English  languages,  until  the 
latter  broke  down  by  dissipation  and  died.  But  during  the  meridian  of  his 
career  among  the  white  people,  he  was  compelled  to  submit  his  speeches  for 
translation  to  uneducated  men,  whose  range  of  thought  fell  below  the  flights  of 
a  gifted  mind,  and  the  fine  imagery  drawn  from  nature  was  beyond  their  power 
of  reproduction.  He  had  suflicient  knowledge  of  the  English  language  to  make 
him  sensible  of  this  bad  rendering  of  his  thoughts,  and  often  a  feeling  of  morti- 
fication at  the  bungling  efforts  was  depicted  on  his  countenance  while  speaking. 
The  proper  place  to  form  a  correct  estimate  of  his  ability  as  an  orator  was  in 
the  Indian  council,  where  he  addressed  himself  exclusively  to  those  who  under- 
stood his  language,  and  witness  the  electrical  effect  of  his  eloquence  upon  his 
audience. 

Keokuk  seems  to  have  possessed  a  more  sober  judgment,  and  to  have  had  a 
more  intelligent  view  of  the  great  strength  and  resources  of  the  United  States, 
than  his  noted  and  restless  cotemporary.  Black  Hawk.  He  knew  from  the  first 
that  the  reckless  war  which  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  had  determined  to  carry  on 
could  result  in  nothing  but  defeat  and  disaster,  and  used  every  argument  against 
it.  The  largo  nunil)er  of  warriors  whom  he  had  dissuaded  from  following  Black 
Hawk  became,  however,  greatly  excited  with  the  war  spirit  after  Stillman's 
defeat,  and  but  for  the  signal  tact  displayed  by  Keokuk  on  that  occasion,  would 
have  forced  him  to  submit  to  their  wishes  in  joining  the  rest  of  the  warriors  in 
the  field.  A  war-dance  was  hold,  and  Keokuk  took  part  in  it,  seeming  to  be 
moved  with  the  current  of  the  rising  storm.  When  the  dance  was  over,  he 
called  the  council  to  prepare  for  war.  He  made  a  speech,  in  which  he  admitted 
the  justice  of  their  comphiints  against  the  Americans.  To  seek  redress  was  a 
noble  aspiration  of  their  nature.  The  blood  of  their  brethren  had  been  shed  by 
the  white  man,  and  the  spirits  of  their  braves,  slain  in  battle,  called  loudly  for 
vengeance.  "I  am  your  chief,"  he  said,  ''  and  it  is  my  duty  to  lead  you  to  bat- 
tle, if,  after  fully  considering  the  matter,  you  aredetermineil  to  ^n.      But  before 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  157 

you  <lecide  on  taking  this  important  step,  it  is  -wise  to  inquire  into  the  chances  of 
success."  He  then  portrayed  to  them  the  great  power  of  the  United  States, 
against  Avhom  they  Avould  have  to  contend,  that  their  chance  of  success  was 
uttei-ly  hopeless.  *•'  But,"  said  he,  "  if  you  do  determine  to  go  upon  the  war- 
path, I  will  agree  to  lead  you,  on  one  condition,  viz.:  that  before  we  go,  we  will 
kill  all  our  old  men  and  our  vf'wes  and  children,  to  save  them  from  a  lingering 
death  of  starvation,  and  that  every  one  of  us  determine  to  leave  our  homes  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Mississippi.  ' 

This  was  a  strong  but  truthful  picture  of  the  prospect  before  them,  and  was 
presented  in  such  a  forcible  light  as  to  cool  their  ardor,  and  cause  them  to  aban- 
don the  rash  undertaking. 

But  during  the  war  of  1832,  it  is  now  considered  certain  that  small  bands  of 
Indians,  from  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  made  incursions  into  the  white 
settlements,  in  the  lead  mining  region,  and  committed  some  murders  and  dep- 
redations. 

When  peace  was  declared  between  the  United  States  and  England,  Black 
Hawk  was  required  to  make  peace  with  the  former,  and  entered  into  a  treaty 
at  Portage  des  Sioux,  September  14,  1815,  but  did  not  "touch  the  goose-quill 
to  it  until  May  13,  1816,  when  he  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace  with  the  great 
Avhite  chief,"  at  St.  Louis.  This  treaty  was  a  renewal  of  the  treaty  of  1804, 
but  Black  Hawk  declared  he  had  been  deceived ;  that  he  did  not  know  that  by 
signing  the  treaty  he  was  giving  away  his  village.  This  weighed  upon  his  mind, 
already  soured  by  previous  disappointment  and  the  irresistible  encroachments  of 
the  whites ;  and  when,  a  few  years  later,  he  and  his  people  were  driven  from 
their  possessions  by  the  military,  he  determined  to  return  to  the  home  of  his 
fathers. 

It  is  also  to  be  remarked  that,  in  1816,  by  treaty  with  various  tribes,  the 
United  States  relinquished  to  the  Indians  all  the  lands  lying  north  of  a  line 
drawn  from  the  southernmost  point  of  Lake  Michigan  west  to  the  Mississippi. 
except  a  reservation  five  leagues  square,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  supposed  then 
to  be  sufficient  to  include  all  the  mineral  lands  on  and  ad.jacent  to  Fever  River, 
and  one  league  square  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  River. 

THE    BLACK    HAWK    WAR. 

The  immediate  cause  of  the  Indian  outbreak  in  1830  was  the  occupation  of 
Black  Hawk's  village,  on  the  Rock  River,  by  the  whites,  during  the  absence  of 
tbe  chief  and  his  braves  on  a  hunting  expedition,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Mississippi.  When  they  returned,  they  found  their  wigwams  occupied  by  white 
families,  and  their  own  women  and  children  were  shelterless  on  the  banks  of 
the  river.  The  Indians  wore  indignant,  and  determined  to  repossess  their  village 
at  all  hazards,  and  early  in  the  Spring  of  1831  recrossed  the  Mississippi  and 
menacingly  took  possession  of  their  own  cornfields  and  cabins.  It  may  be  well 
to  remark  here  that  it  was  expressly  stipulated  in  the  treaty  of  1804,  to  which 
they  attributed  all  their  troubles,  that  the  Indians  should  not  be  obliged  to 
leave  their  lands  until  they  were  sold  by  the  United  States,  and  it  does  not 
appear  that  they  occupied  any  lands  other  than  those  owned  by  the  Government. 
If  this  was  true,  the  Indians  had  good  cause  for  indignation  and  complaint. 
But  the  whites,  driven  out  in  turn  by  the  returning  Indians,  became  so  clamorous 
against  what  they  termed  the  encroachments  of  the  natives,  that  Gov.  Reynolds,  of 
Illinois,  ordered  Gen  Gaines  to  Rock  Island  with  a  military  force  to  drive  the 
Indians  again  from  their  homes  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Black  Hawk 
says  he  did  not  intend  to  be  provoked  into  war  by  anything  less  than  the  blood  of 


158  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

some  of  his  own  people  ;  in  other  words,  that  there  Avould  be  no  war  unless  it  should 
be  commenced  by  the  pale  faces.  But  it  was  said  and  probably  thought  by  the  mili- 
tary commanders  along  the  frontier  that  the  Indians  intended  to  unite  in  a  general 
war  against  the  whites,  from  Rock  River  to  the  Mexican  borders.  But  it  does  not 
appear  that  the  hardy  frontiersmen  themselves  had  any  fears,  for  their  experi- 
ence had  been  that,  when  well  treated,  their  Indian  neighbors  were  not  danger- 
ous. Black  Hawk  and  his  band  liad  done  no  more  than  to  attempt  to  repossess  the 
the  old  homes  of  which  they  had  been  deprived  in  their  absence.  No  blood 
had  been  shed.  Black  Hawk  and  his  chiefs  sent  a  flag  of  truce,  and  a  new 
treaty  was  made,  by  which  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  agreed  to  remain  forever 
on  the  Iowa  side  and  never  recross  the  river  without  the  permission  of  the 
President  or  the  Governor  of  Illinois.  Whether  the  Indians  clearly  understood 
tlie  terms  of  this  treaty  is  uncertain.  As  was  usual,  the  Indian  traders  had 
dictated  terms  on  their  behalf,  and  they  had  received  a  large  amount  of  pro- 
visions, etc.,  from  the  Government,  but  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether  the 
Indians  compreliended  that  they  could  never  revisit  the  graves  of  their  fathers 
without  violating  their  treaty.  They  undoubtedly  thought  that  they  had  agreed 
never  to  recross  the  ^Mississippi  with  hostile  intent.  However  this  may  be,  on 
the  Gth  day  of  April,  1832,  Black  Hawk  and  his  entire  band,  with  their  Avomen 
and  children,  again  recrossed  the  Mississippi  in  plain  view  of  the  garrison  of 
Fort  Armstrong,  and  went  up  Rock  River.  Although  this  act  Avas  construed 
into  an  act  of  hostility  by  the  military  authorities,  who  declared  that  Black 
Hawk  intended  to  recover  his  village,  or  the  site  Avhere  it  stood,  by  force  ;  but 
it  does  not  appear  that  he  made  any  such  attempt,  nor  did  his  apearance 
create  any  special  alarm  among  the  settlers.  They  knew  that  the  Indians  never 
Avent  on  the  Avar  path  encumbered  Avitli  the  old  men,  their  Avomen  and  their 
children. 

The  Gralenian,  printed  in  Galena,  of  May  2,  1832,  says  that  Black  Hawk 
was  invited  by  the  Prophet  and  had  taken  possession  of  a  tract  about  forty 
miles  up  Rock  River;  but  that  he  did  not  remain  there  long,  but  commenced 
his  march  uj)  Rock  River.  Capt.  W.  B.  Green,  who  served  in  Capt.  Stephen- 
son"s  company  of  mounted  rangers,  says  that  "  Black  HaAvk  and  h^s  band 
crossed  the  river  Avith  no  hostile  intent,  but  that  his  band  had  had  bad  luck  in 
hunting  during  the  previous  Winter,  were  actually  in  a  starving  condition,  and 
had  come  over  to  spend  the  Summer  with  a  friendly  tribe  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  Rock  and  Illinois  Rivers,  by  invitation  from  their  chief.  Other  old  set- 
tlers, who  all  agree  that  Black  HaAvk  had  no  idea  of  fighting,  say  that  he  came 
back  to  the  Avest  side  expecting  to  negotiate  another  treaty,  and  get  a  new 
supply  of  provisions.  The  most  reasonable  explanation  of  this  movement,  which 
resulted  so  disastrously  to  Black  Hawk  and  his  starving  people,  is  that,  during 
the  Fall  and  Winter  of  1831-2,  his  people  became  deeply  indebted  to  their 
favorite  trader  at  Fort  Armstrong  (Rock  Island).  They  had  not  been  fortunate 
in  hunting,  and  he  Avas  likely  to  lose  heavily,  as  an  Indian  debt  was  outhiAved 
in  one  year.  If,  therefore,  the  Indians  could  be  induced  to  come  over,  and  the 
fears  of  the  military  could  be  sufficiently  aroused  to  pursue  them,  another  treaty 
could  be  negotiated,  and  from  the  payments  from  the  Government  the  shrewd 
trader  could  get  his  pay.  Just  a  Aveek  after  Black  HaAvk  crossed  the  river,  on 
the  13th  of  April,  1832,  George  Davenport  Avrote  to  Gen.  Atkinson  :  "  I  am 
informed  that  the  British  band  of  Sac  Indians  are  determined  to  make  Avar  on 
the  frontier  settlements.  *  *  *  From  every  information  that  I  have 
received.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  intention  of  the  British  band  of  Sac 
Indians  is  to  commit  depredations  on  the  inhabitants  of  the  frontier."     And 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  159 

yet,  from  the  6th  day  of  April  until  after  Stillman's  men  commenced  war  by 
firing  on  a  flag  of  truce  from  Black  Hawk,  no  murders  nor  depredations  were 
committed  by  the  British  band  of  Sac  Indians. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  sketch  to  detail  the  incidents  of  the  Black 
Hawk  war  of  1832,  as  it  pertains  rather  to  the  history  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 
It  is  sufficient  to  say  that,  after  the  disgraceful  affair  at  Stillman's  Run,  Black 
Hawk,  concluding  that  the  whites,  refusing  to  treat  with  him,  were  determined 
to  exterminate  his  people,  determined  to  return  to  the  Iowa  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. He  could  not  return  by  the  way  he  came,  for  the  army  was  behind  him, 
an  army,  too,  that  would  sternly  refuse  to  recognize  the  white  flag  of  peace. 
His  only  course  was  to  make  his  way  northward  and  reach  the  Mississippi,  if 
possible,  before  the  troops  could  overtake  him,  and  this  he  did ;  but,  before  he 
could  get  his  women  and  children  across  the  Wisconsin,  he  was  overtaken,  and  a 
battle  ensued.  Here,  again,  he  sued  for  peace,  and,  through  his  trusty  Lieu- 
tenant, "the  Prophet,"  the  whites  were  plainly  informed  that  the  starving 
Indians  did  not  wish  to  fight,  but  would  return  to  the  west  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, peaceably,  if  they  could  be  permitted  to  do  so.  No  attention  was  paid  to 
this  second  effort  to  negotiate  peace,  and,  as  soon  as  supplies  could  be  obtained, 
the  pursuit  was  resumed,  the  flying  Indians  were  overtaken  again  eight  miles 
before  they  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Bad  Axe,  and  the  slaughter  (it  should  not 
be  dignified  by  the  name  of  battle)  commenced.  Here,  overcome  by  starvation 
and  the  victorious  whites,  his  band  was  scattered,  on  the  2d  day  of  August, 
1832.  Black  Hawk  escaped,  but  was  brought  into  camp  at  Prairie  du  Chien 
by  three  Winnebagoes.  He  was  confined  in  Jefferson  Barracks  until  the 
Spring  of  1833,  when  he  was  sent  to  Washington,  arriving  there  April  22.  On 
the  2(3th  of  April,  they  were  taken  to  Fortress  Monroe,  where  they  remained 
till  the  4th  of  June,  1833,  when  orders  were  given  for  them  to  be  liberated  and 
returned  to  their  own  country.  By  order  of  the  President,  he  was  brought 
back  to  Iowa  through  the  principal  Eastern  cities.  Crowds  flocked  to  see  him 
all  along  his  route,  and  he  was  very  much  flattered  by  the  attentions  he 
received.  He  lived  among  his  people  on  the  Iowa  River  till  that  reservation 
was  sold,  in  1836,  when,  with  the  rest  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  he  removed  to 
the  Bes  Moines  Reservation,  where  he  remained  till  his  death,  which  occurred 
on  the  3d  of  October,  1838. 


INDIAN  PURCHASES,  RESERVES  AND  TREATIES. 

At  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  War,  in  1832,  a  treaty  was  made  at  a 
council  held  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  where  now  stands  the  thriving 
city  of  Davenport,  on  grounds  now  occupied  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  on  the  21st  day  of  September,  1832.  At  this 
council,  the  United  States  were  represented  by  Gen.  Wmfield  Scott  and  Gov. 
Reynolds,  of  Illinois.  Keokuk,  Pash-a-pa-ho  and  some  thirty  other  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nation  were  present.  By  this  treaty,  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  strip  of  land  on  the  eastern  border  of  Iowa 
fifty  miles  wide,  from  the  northern  boundary  of  Missouri  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Upper  Iowa  River,  containing  about  six  million  acres.  The  western  line  of  t^e 
purchase  was  parallel  with  the  Mississippi.  In  consideration  of  this  cession, 
the  United  States  Government  stipulated  to  pay  annually  to  the  confederated 
tribes,  for  thirty  consecutive  years,  twenty  thousand  dollars  in  specie,  and  to 
pay  the  debts  of  the  Indians  at  Rock  Island,  which  had  been  accumulating  for 


160  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

seventeen  years  and  amounted  to  fifty  thousand  dollars,  due  to  Davenport  & 
Farnham,  'Indian  traders.  The  Government  also  generously  donated  to  the 
Sac  and  Fox  women  and  children  whose  husbands  and  fathers  had  fallen  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war,  thirty-five  beef  cattle,  twelve  bushels  of  salt,  thirty  barrels  of 
pork,  fifty  barrels  of  ilour  and  six  thousand  bushels  of  corn. 

This  territory  is  known  as  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase."  Although  it  was 
not  the  first  portion  of  Iowa  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  the  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
it  was  the  first  opened  to  actual  settlement  by  the  tide  of  emigration  that  flowed 
across  the  Mississippi  as  soon  as  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished.  The  treaty 
Avas  ratified  February  13,  1833,  and  took  effect  on  the  1st  of  June  following, 
when  the  Indians  (juietly  removed  from  the  ceded  territory,  and  this  fertile  and 
beautiful  region  was  opened  to  white  settlers. 

By  the  terms  of  the  treaty,  out  of  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase  was  reserved  for 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes  400  square  miles  of  land  situated  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  in- 
Icuding  within  its  limits  Keokuk's  village,  on  the  right  bank  of  that  river.  This 
tract  Avas  knowni  as  "  Keokuk's  Reserve,  '  and  was  occupied  by  the  Indians  until 
1836,  when,  by  a  treaty  made  in  September  betAveen  them  and  Gov.  Dodge,  of 
Wisconsin  Territory,  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States.  The  council  was  held 
on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  above  Davenport,  and  was  the  largest  assem- 
blage of  the  kind  ever  held  by  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  to  treat  for  the  sale  of  lands. 
About  one  thousand  of  their  chiefs  and  braves  were  present,  and  Keokuk  Avas 
their  leading  spirit  and  principal  speaker  on  the  occasion.  By  the  terms  of  the 
treaty,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  removed  to  another  reservation  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  Avhere  an  agency  Avas  established  for  them  at  what  is  noAv  the 
town  of  Agency  City. 

Besides  the  Keokuk  Reserve,  the  Government  gave  out  of  the  Black  Hawk 
Purchase  to  Antoine  Le  Claire,  interpreter,  in  fee  simple,  one  section  of  land 
opposite  Rock  Island,  and  another  at  the  head  of  the  first  rapids  aboAe  the 
island,  on  the  loAva  side.  This  Avas  the  first  land  title  granted  by  the  United 
States  to  an  individual  in  Iowa. 

Soon  after  the  removal  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  to  their  new  reservation 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  Gen.  Joseph  M.  Street  Avas  transferred  from  the 
agency  of  the  Winnebagoes,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  to  establish  an  agency 
among  them.  A  farm  Avas  selected,  on  Avhich  the  necessary  buildings  Avere 
erected,  including  a  comfortable  farm  house  for  the  agent  and  his  family,  at 
the  expense  of  the  Indian  Fund.  A  salaried  agent  Avas  employed  to  superin- 
tend tlie  farm  and  dispose  of  the  crops.  Tavo  mills  were  erected,  one  on  Soap 
Creek  and  the  other  on  Sugar  Creek.  The  latter  w\as  soon  swept  aAvay  by  a 
flood,  but  the  former  remained  and  did  good  service  for  many  years.  Connected 
witli  the  agency  Avere  Joseph  Smart  and  John  Goodcll,  interpreters.  The 
latter  was  interpreter  for  Hard  Fisli's  band.  Three  of  the  Indian  chiefs,  Keo- 
kuk, Wapello  and  Appanoose,  had  each  a  large  field  improved,  the  tAVO  former 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Des  Moines,  back  from  the  river,  in  what  is  now 
"Keokuk's  Prairie,"  and  the  latter  on  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Ottumwa. 
Among  the  traders  connected  Avith  the  agency  were  the  Messrs.  Ewing,  from 
Ohio,  and  Phelps  &  Co.,  from  Illinois,  and  also  Mr.  J.  P.  Eddy,  Avho  estab- 
lished liis  post  at  Avhat  is  now  the  site  of  Eddyville. 

•Tlie  Indians  at  this  agency  became  idle  and  listless  in  the  absence  of  their 
natural  and  Avonted  excitements,  and  many  of  them  plunged  into  dissipation. 
Keokuk  himself  became  dissipated  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  and  it  has 
been  reported  that  he  died  of  delirium  tremens  after  his  removal  Avith  his 
tribe  to  Kansas. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  161 

In  May,  1843,  most  of  tlie  Indians  were  removed  up  the  Des  Moines  River, 
above  the  temporary  line  of  Red  Rock,  having  ceded  the  remnant  of  their 
lands  in  Iowa  to  the  United  States  on  the  21st  of  September,  1837,  and  on  the 
11th  of  October,  1842.  By  the  terms  of  the  latter  treaty,  they  held  possession 
of  the  "  New  Purchase  "  till  the  Autumn  of  1845,  when  the  most  of  them 
were  removed  to  their  reservation  in  Kansas,  the  balance  being  removed  in  the 
Spring  of  1846. 

1.  Treaty  with  the  Sioux — Made  July  19,  1815  ;  ratified  December  16,  1815.  This  treaty 
was  made  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  between  the  Sioux  of  Minnesota  and  Upper  Iowa  and  the  United 
States,  by  William  Clark  and  Ninian  Edwards,  Commissioners,  and  was  merely  a  treaty  of  peace 
and  friendship  on  the  part  of  those  Indians  toward  the  United  States  at  the  close  of  the  war  of 
1812. 

2.  Treaty  with  the  Sacs. —  A  similar  treaty  of  peace  was  made  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  between 
the  United  States  and  the  Sacs,  by  William  Clark,  Ninian  Edwards  and  Auguste  Choteau,  on  the 
l.'lth  of  September,  1815,  and  ratified  at  the  same  date  as  the  above.  In  this,  the  treaty  of  180-i 
was  re-affirmed,  and  the  Sacs  here  represented  promised  for  themselves  and  their  bands  to  keep 
entirely  separate  from  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River,  who,  under  Black  Hawk,  had  joined  the  British 
in  the  war  just  then  closed. 

3.  Treaty  with  the  Foxes. — A  separate  treaty  of  peace  was  made  with  the  Foxes  at  Portage 
des  Sioux,  by  the  same  Commissioners,  on  the  14th  of  September,  1815,  and  ratified  the  same  as 
the  above,  wherein  the  Foxes  re-affirmed  the  treaty  of  St.  Louis,  of  November  3,  180-4,  and 
agreed  to  deliver  up  all  their  prisoners  to  the  officer  in  cotamand  at  Fort  Clark,  now  Peoria^ 
Illinois. 

4.  Treaty  with  the  loivas. — A  treaty  of  peace  and  mutual  good  will  was  made  between  the 
United  States  and  the  Iowa  tribe  of  Indians,  at  Portage  des  Sioux,  by  the  same  Commissioners 
as  above,  on  the  16th  of  September,  1815,  at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  and  ratified 
at  the  same  date  as  the  others. 

5.  Treaty  with  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River — Made  at  St.  Louis  on  the  13th  of  May,  1816,  between 
the  United  States  and  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River,  by  the  Commissioners,  William  Clark,  Ninian 
Edwards  and  Auguste  Choteau,  and  ratified  December  30,  1816.  In  this  ti-eaty,  that  of  1804 
was  re-established  and  confirmed  by  twenty-two  chiefs  and  head  men  of  the  Sacs  of  Rock  River, 
and  Black  Hawk  himself  attached  to  it  his  signature,  or,  as  he  said,  "  touched  the  goose  quill." 

6.  Treaty  of  1824 — On  the  4th  of  August,  1824,  a  treaty  was  made  between  the  United 
States  and  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  in  the  city  of  Washington,  by  William  Clark,  Commissioner, 
wherein  the  Sac  and  Fox  nation  relinquished  their  title  to  all  lands  in  Missouri  and  that  portion 
of  the  southeast  corner  of  Iowa  known  as  the  "  Half-Breed  Tract"  was  set  off  and  reserved  for 
the  use  of  the  half-breeds  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  they  holding  title  in  the  same  manner  as  In- 
dians.    Ratified  January  18,  1825. 

7.  Treaty  of  August  19,  1S25. — At  this  date  a  treaty  was  made  by  William  Clark  and  Lewis 
Cass,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  between  the  United  States  and  the  Chippewas,  Sacs  and  Foxes,  Me- 
nomonees,  Winnebagoes  and  a  portion  of  the  Ottawas  and  Pottawatomies.  In  this  treaty,  in 
order  to  make  peace  between  the  contending  tribes  as  to  the  limits  of  their  respective  hunting 
grounds  in  Iowa,  it  was  agreed  that  the  United  States  Government  should  run  a  boundary  line 
between  the  Sioux,  on  the  north,  and  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  on  the  south,  as  follows : 

Commencing  at  the  mouth  of  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  ascending  said  Iowa  River  to  its  west  fork  ;  thence  up  the  fork  to  its  source  ;  thence  cross- 
ing the  fork  of  Red  Cedar  River  in  a  direct  line  to  the  second  or  upper  foi'k  of  the  Des  Moines 
River  ;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  lo^er  fork  of  the  Calumet  River,  and  down  that  river  to  its 
junction  with  the  Missouri  River. 

8.  Treaty  of  1S30. — On  the  15th  of  July,  1830,  the  confederate  tribes  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  strip  of  country  lying  south  of  the  above  line,  twenty  miles  in  width, 
and  extending  along  the  line  aforesaid  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  Sioux 
also,  whose  possessions  were  north  of  the  line,  ceded  to  the  Government,  in  the  same  treaty,  a 
like  strip  on  the  north  side  of  the  boundary.  Thus  the  United  States,  at  the  ratification  of  this- 
treaty,  February  24,  1831,  came  into  possession  of  a  portion  of  Iowa  forty  miles  wide,  extend- 
ing along  the  Clark  and  Cass  line  of  1825,  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Des  Moines  River.  This 
territory  was  known  as  the  "  Neutral  Ground,"  and  the  tribes  on  either  side  of  the  line  were 
allowed  to  fish  and  hunt  on  it  unmolested  till  it  was  made  a  Winnebago  reservation,  and  the 
Winnebagoes  were  removed  to  it  in  1841. 

9.  Treaty  loiih  the  Sacs  and  Fo.tes  and  other  Tribes. — At  the  same  time  of  the  above  treaty  re- 
specting the  "  Neutral  Ground"  (July  15,  1830),  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  Western  Sioux,  Omahas, 
lowas  and  Missouris  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  portion  of  the  western  slope  of  Iowa,  the  boun- 
daries of  which  were  defined  as  follows :  Beginning  at  the  upper  fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River, 
and  passing  the  sources  of  the  Little  Sioux  and  Floyd  Rivers,  to  the  fork  of  the  first  creek  that 
falls  into  the  Big  Sioux,  or  Calumet,  on  the  east  side  ;  thence  down  said  creek  and  the  Calumet 


162         I  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

River  to  the  Missouri  River;  thence  down  said  Missouri  River  to  the  Missouri  State  line  above 
the  Kansas  ;  thence  along  said  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  said  State  ;  thence  to  the  high  lands 
between  the  waters  falling  into  the  Missouri  and  Des  Moines,  passing  to  said  high  lands  along 
the  dividing  ridge  between  the  forks  of  the  Grand  River  ;  thence  along  said  high  lands  or  ridge 
separating  the  waters  of  the  Missouri  from  those  of  the  Des  Moines,  to  a  point  opposite  the  source 
of  the  Hoyer  River,  and  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  upper  fork  of  the  Des  Moines,  the  place  of 
beginning. 

It  was  understood  that  the  lands  ceded  and  relinquished  by  this  treaty  were  to  be  assigned 
and  allotted,  under  the  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  tribes  then  living 
thereon,  or  to  such  other  tribes  as  the  President  might  locate  thereon  for  hunting  and  other  pur- 
poses. In  consideration  of  three  tracts  of  land  ceded  in  this  treaty,  the  United  States  agreed  to 
pay  to  the  Sacs  three  thousand  dollars ;  to  the  Foxes,  three  thousand  dollars  ;  to  the  Sioux, 
two  thousand  dollars;  to  the  Yankton  and  Santie  bands  of  Sioux,  three  thousand  dollars;  to  the 
Omahas,  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars ;  and  to  the  Ottoes  and  Missouris,  two  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars — to  be  paid  annually  for  ten  successive  years.  In  addition  to  these  annuities, 
the  Government  agreed  to  furnish  some  of  the  tribes  with  blacksmiths  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  dollars,  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States,  and  to  set  apart 
three  thousand  dollars  annually  for  the  education  of  the  children  of  these  tribes.  It  does  not 
appear  that  any  fort  was  erected  in  this  territory  prior  to  the  erection  of  Fort  Atkinson  on  the 
Neutral  Ground,  in  1840-41. 

This  treaty  was  made  by  William  Clark,  Superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  and  Col.  Willoughby 
Morgan,  of  the  United  States  First  Infantry,  and  came  into  efi"ect  by  proclamation,  February 
24,  1831. 

10.  Treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes. — Made  at  Fort  Armstrong,  Rock  Island,  September  15,  1832, 
by  Gen.  Winfield  Scott  and  Hon.  John  Reynolds,  Governor  of  Illinois.  In  this  treaty  the  Win- 
nebagoes ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their  land  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
in  part  consideration  therefor  the  United  States  granted  to  the  Winnebagoes,  to  be  held  as  other 
Indian  lands  are  held,  that  portion  of  Iowa  known  as  the  Neutral  Ground.  The  exchange  of  the 
two  tracts  of  country  was  to  take  place  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  June,  1833.  In  addition  to 
the  Neutral  Ground,  it  was  stipulated  that  the  United  States  should  give  the  Winnebagoes,  begin- 
ning in  September,  1833,  and  continuing  for  twenty-seven  successive  years,  ten  thousand  dollars 
in  specie,  and  establish  a  school  among  them,  with  a  farm  and  garden,  and  provide  other  facili- 
ties for  the  education  of  their  children,  not  to  exceed  in  cost  three  thousand  dollars  a  year,  and 
to  continue  the  same  for  twenty-seven  successive  years.  Six  agriculturists,  twelve  yoke  of  oxen 
and  plows  and  other  farming  tools  were  to  be  supplied  by  the  Government. 

11.  Treat}/  of  1S32  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes. — Already  mentioned  as  the  Black  Hawk  purchase. 

12.  Treat!/  of  1836,  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  ceding  Keokuk's  Reserve  to  the  United  States; 
for  which  the  Government  stipulated  to  pay  thirty  thousand  dollars,  and  an  annuity  of  ten  thou- 
sand dollars  for  ten  successive  years,  together  with  other  sums  and  debts  of  the  Indians  to 
various  parties. 

13.  Treat!/  of  1SS7.— On  the  21st  of  October,  1837,  a  treaty  was  made  at  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, between  Carey  A.  Harris,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  and  the  confederate  tribes  of 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  ratified  February  21, 1838,  wherein  another  slice  of  the  soil  of  Iowa  was  obtained, 
described  in  the  treaty  as  follows:  "A  tract  of  country  containing  1,250,000  acres,  lying  west 
and  adjoining  the  tract  conveyed  by  them  to  the  United  States  in  the  treaty  of  September  21, 
1832.  It  is  understood  that  the  points  of  termination  for  the  present  cession  shall  be  tjie  north- 
ern and  southern  points  of  said  tract  as  fixed  by  the  survey  made  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States,  and  that  a  line  shall  be  drawn  between  them  so  as  to  intersect  a  line  extended 
westwardly  from  the  angle  of  said  tract  nearly  opposite  to  Rock  Island,  as  laid  down  in  the  above 
survey,  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  to  include  the  number  of  acres  hereby  ceded,  which  last 
mentioned  line,  it  is  estimated,  will  be  about  twenty-five  miles." 

This  piece  of  land  was  twenty-five  miles  wide  in  the  middle,  and  ran  off  to  a  point  at  both 
ends,  lying  directly  back  of  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase,  and  of  the  same  length. 

14.  Treaty  of  Relim/uishnmit. — At  the  same  date  as  the  above  treaty,  in  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton, Carey  A.  Harris,  Commissioner,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their 
right  and  interest  in  the  country  lying  south  of  the  boundary  line  between  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
and  Sioux,  as  described  in  the  treaty  of  August  19,  1825,  and  between  the  Mississippi  and  Mis- 
souri Rivers,  the  United  States  paying  for  the  same  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  dollars. 
The  Indians  also  gave  up  all  claims  and  interests  under  the  treaties  previously  made  with  them, 
for  the  satisfaction  of  which  no  appropriations  had  been  made. 

15.  Treaty  of  IS/fS. — The  last  treaty  was  made  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  October  11,  1842  ; 
ratified  March  23,  1843.  It  was  made  at  the  Sac  and  Fox  agency  (Agency  City),  by  John 
Chambers,  Commissioner  on  behalf  of  the  United  States.  In  this  treaty  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians 
"  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their  lands  west  of  the  Mississippi  to  which  they  had  any  claim 
or  title."  By  the  terms  of  this  treaty  they  were  to  be  removed  from  the  country  at  the  expira- 
tion of  three  years,  and  all  who  remained  after  that  were  to  move  at  their  own  expense.  Part 
of  them  were  removed  to  Kansas  in  the  Fall  of  1845,  and  the  rest  the  Spring  following. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  163 


SPANISH  GRANTS. 


While  the  territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of  Iowa  was  under  Spanish 
rule  as  a  part  of  its  province  of  Louisiana,  certain  claims  to  and  grants  of  land 
were  made  by  the  Spanish  authorities,  with  which,  in  addition  to  the  extinguishment 
of  Indian  titles,  the  United  States  had  to  deal.  It  is  proper  that  these  should 
be  briefly  reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On  the  22d  day  of  September,  1788,  Julien  Dubuque,  a  French- 
man, from  Prairie  du  Chien,  obtained  from  the  Foxes  a  cession  or  lease  of  lands 
on  the  Mississippi  River  for  mining  purposes,  on  the  site  of  the  present  city  of 
Dubuque.  Lead  had  been  discovered  here  eight  years  before,  in  1780,  by  the 
wife  of  Peosta  Fox,  a  warrior,  and  Dubuque's  claim  embraced  nearly  all  the  lead 
bearing  lands  in  that  vicinity.  He  immediately  took  possession  of  his  claim  and 
commenced  mining,  at  the  same  time  making  a  settlement.  The  place  became 
known  as  the  "Spanish  Miners,"  or,  more  commonly,  "Dubuque's  Lead 
Mines." 

In  1796,  Dubuque  filed  a  petition  with  Baron  de  Carondelet,  the  Spanish 
Governor  of  Louisiana,  asking  that  the  tract  ceded  to  him  by  the  Indians  might 
be  granted  to  him  by  patent  from  the  Spanish  Government.  In  this  petition, 
Dubuque  rather  indefinitely  set  forth  the  boundaries  of  this  claim  as  "  about 
seven  leagues  along  the  Mississippi  River,  and  three  leagues  in  width  from  the 
river,"  intending  to  include,  as  is  supposed,  the  river  front  between  the  Little 
Maquoketa  and  the  Tete  des  Mertz  Rivers,  embracing  more  than  twenty  thou- 
sand acres.  Carondelet  granted  the  prayer  of  the  petition,  and  the  grant  was 
subsequently  confirmed  by  the  Board  of  Land  Commissioners  of  Louisiana. 

In  October,  1804,  Dubuque  transferred  the  larger  part  of  his  claim  to 
Auguste  Choteau,  of  St.  Louis,  and  on  the  17th  of  May,  1805,  he  and  Choteau 
jointly  filed  their  claims  with  the  Board  of  Commissioners.  On  the  20th  of 
September,'  1806,  the  Board  decided  in  their  favor,  pronouncing  the  claim  to  be 
a  regular  Spanish  grant,  made  and  completed  prior  to  the  1st  day  of  October, 
1800,  only  one  member,  J.  B.  C.  Lucas,  dissenting. 

Dubuque  died  March  24,  1810.  The  Indians,  understanding  that  the  claim 
of  Dubu(|ue  under  their  former  act  of  cession  Avas  only  a  permit  to  occupy  the 
tract  and  work  the  mines  during  his  life,  and  that  at  his  death  they  reverted  to 
them,  took  possession  and  continued  mining  operations,  and  were  sustained  by 
the  military  authority  of  the  United  States,  notwithstanding  the  decision  of  the 
Commissioners.  When  the  Black  Hawk  purchase  was  consummated,  the  Du- 
buque claim  thus  held  by  the  Indians  was  absorbed  by  the  United  States,  as  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes  made  no  reservation  of  it  in  the  treaty  of  1832. 

The  heirs  of  Choteau,  however,  were  not  disposed  to  relinquish  their  claim 
Avithout  a  struggle.  Late  in  1832,  they  employed  an  agent  to  look  after  their 
interests,  and  authorized  him  to  lease  the  right  to  dig  lead  on  the  lands.  The 
miners  Avho  commenced  work  under  this  agent  were  compelled  by  the  military  to 
abandon  their  operations,  and  one  of  the  claimants  went  to  Galena  to  institute 
legal  proceedings,  but  found  no  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  although  he  did 
bring  an  action  for  the  recovery  of  a  (juantity  of  lead  dug  at  Dubuque,  for  the 
purpose  of  testing  the  title.  Being  unable  to  identify  the  lead,  however,  he  was 
non-suited. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  July  2,  1836,  the  town  of  Dubuque  was  sur- 
veyed and  platted.  After  lots  had  been  sold  and  occupied  by  the  purchasers, 
Henry  Chotean   brought  an  action  of  ejectment  against  Patrick  Malony,  who 


164  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

held  land  in  Dubuque  under  a  patent  from  the  United  States,  for  the  recovery 
of  seven  undivided  eighth  parts  of  the  Dubuque  claim,  as  purchased  by  Auguste 
Choteau  in  1804.  The  case  was  tried  in  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  District  of  Iowa,  and  was  decided  adversely  to  the  plaintiff.  The  case  was 
carried  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  on  a  writ  of  error,  when  it 
was  heard  at  the  December  term,  1853,  and  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  was 
aflBrmed,  the  court  holding  that  the  permit  from  Carondolet  was  merely  a  lease 
or  permit  to  work  the  mines  ;  that  Dubuque  asked,  and  the  Governor  of  Louisiana 
granted,  nothing  more  than  the  "  peaceable  possession  "  of  certain  lands  obtained 
from  the  Indians ;  that  Carondelet  had  no  legal  authority  to  make  snch  a  grant 
as  claimed,  and  that,  even  if  he  had,  this  was  but  an  "  inchoate  and  imperfect 
title." 

Giard. — In  1795,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Upper  Louisiana  granted  to 
Basil  Giard  five  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  in  what  is  now 
Clayton  County,  known  as  the  "Giard  Tract."  He  occupied  the  land  during 
the  time  that  Iowa  passed  from  Spain  to  France,  and  from  France  to  the  United 
States,  in  consideration  of  which  the  Federal  Government  granted  a  patent  of 
the  same  to  Giard  in  his  own  right.  His  heirs  sold  the  Avhole  tract  to  James  H. 
Lockwood  and  Thomas  P.  Burnett,  of  Prairie  du  Chien,  for  three  hundred  dollars. 

Honori. — March  30,  1799,  Zenon  Trudeau,  Acting  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
L^pper  Louisiana,  granted  to  Louis  Honori  a  tract  of  land  on  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Montrose,  as  follows :  "  It  is  permitted  to  Mr.  Louis  (Fresson) 
Henori,  or  Louis  Honore  Fesson,  to  establish  himself  at  the  head  of  the  rapids 
of  the  River  Des  Moines,  and  his  establishment  once  formed,  notice  of  it  shall  be 
given  to  the  Governor  General,  in  order  to  obtain  for  him  a  commission  of  a  space 
sufficient  to  give  value  to  such  establishment,  and  at  the  same  time  to  render  it 
useful  to  the  commerce  of  the  peltries  of  this  country,  to  watch  the  Indians  and 
keep  them  in  the  fidelity  which  they  owe  to  His  Majesty." 

Honori  took  immediate  possession  of  his  claim,  which  he  retained  until  1805. 
While  trading  with  the  natives,  he  became  indebted  to  Joseph  Robedoux,  Avho 
obtained  an  execution  on  which  the  property  was  sold  May  13,  1803,  and  was 
purchased  by  the  creditor.  In  these  proceedings  the  property  was  described  as 
beinor  "  about  six  leagues  above  the  River  Des  Moines."  Robedoux  died  soon 
after  he  purchased  the  proprerty.  Auguste  Choteau,  his  executor,  disposed  of 
the  Honori  tract  to  Thomas  F.  Reddeck,  in  April,  1805,  up  to  wdiich  time 
Honori  continued  to  occupy  it.  The  grant,  as  made  by  the  Spanish  government, 
was  a  league  square,  but  only  one  mile  square  was  confirmed  by  the  Uuited 
States.  After  the  half-breeds  sold  their  lands,  in  which  the  Honori  grant  was 
included,  various  claimants  resorted  to  litigation  in  attempts  to  invalidate  the 
title  of  the  Reddeck  heirs,  but  it  was  finally  confirmed  by  a  decision  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  1839,  and  is  the  oldest  legal  title  to  any 
land  in  the  State  of  Iowa. 


THE  HALF-BREED  TRACT. 

Before  any  permanent  settlement  had  been  made  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa, 
white  adventurers,  trappers  and  traders,  many  of  Avhom  were  scattered  along 
the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries,  as  agents  and  employes  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  intermarried  with  the  females  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  producing 
a  race  of  half-breeds,  Avhose  number  was  never  definitely  ascertained.  There 
were  some  respectable  and  excellent  people  among  them,  children  of  men  of 
some  refinement  and  education.    For  instance :  Dr.  Muir,  a  gentleman  educated 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  165 

at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army,  stationed  at  a 
military  post  located  on  the  present  site  of  Warsaw,  married  an  Indian  woman, 
and  reared  his  family  of  three  daughters  in  the  city  of  Keokuk.  Other  exam- 
ples might  be  cited,  but  they  are  probably  exceptions  to  the  general  rule,  and 
the  race  is  noAV  nearly  or  quite  extinct  in  Iowa. 

A  treaty  was  made  at  Washington,  August  4,  1824,  between  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes  and  the  United  States,  by  which  that  portion  of  Lee  County  was  reserved 
to  the  half-breeds  of  those  tribes,  and  which  was  afterward  known  as  "  The 
Half-Breed  Tract."  This  reservation  is  the  triangular  piece  of  land,  containing 
about  119,000  acres,  lying  between  the  Mississippi  andDes  Moines  Rivers.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  prolongation  of  the  northern  line  of  jSIissouri. 
This  line  was  intended  to  be  a  straight  one,  running  due  east,  which  would  have 
caused  it  to  strike  the  jNIississippi  River  at  or  below  Montrose ;  but  the  surveyor  who 
run  it  took  no  notice  of  the  change  in  the  variation  of  the  needle  as  he  proceeded 
eastward,  and,  in  consequence,  the  line  he  run  was  bent,  deviating  more  and  more 
to  the  northward  of  a  direct  line  as  he  approached  the  Mississippi,  so  that  it 
struck  that  river  at  the  lower  edge  of  the  town  of  Fort  Madison.  "  This  errone- 
ous line,"  says  Judge  Mason,  "has  been  acquiesced  in  as  well  in  fixing  the 
northern  limit  of  the  Half-Breed  Tract  as  in  determining  the  northern  boundary 
line  of  the  State  of  Missouri."  The  line  thus  run  included  in  the  reservation 
a  portion  of  the  lower  part  of  the  city  of  Fort  Madison,  and  all  of  the  present 
townships  of  Van  Buren,  Charleston,  Jefferson,  Des  Moines,  Montrose  and 
Jack son - 

Under  the  treaty  of  1824,  the  half-breeds  had  the  right  to  occupy  the  soil, 
but  could  not  convey  it,  the  reversion  being  reserved  to  the  United  States.  But 
on  the  30th  day  of  January,  1834,  by  act  of  Congress,  this  reversionary  right 
was  relinquished,  and  the  half-breeds  acquired  the  lands  in  fee  simple.  This 
was  no  sooner  done,  than  a  horde  of  speculators  rushed  in  to  buy  land  of  the 
half-breed  owners,  and,  in  many  instances,  a  gun,  a  blanket,  a  pony  or  a  few 
quarts  of  whisky  was  sufficient  for  the  purchase  of  large  estates.  There  was 
a  deal  of  sharp  practice  on  both  sides ;  Indians  would  often  claim  ownership  of 
land  by  virtue  of  being  half-breeds,  and  had  no  difficulty  in  proving  their  mixed 
blood  by  the  Indians,  and  they  would  then  cheat  the  speculators  by  selling  land 
to  which  they  had  no  rightful  title.  On  the  other  hand,  speculators  often 
claimed  land  in  which  they  had  no  ownership.  It  was  diamond  cut  diamond, 
until  at  last  things  became  badly  mixed.  There  were  no  authorized  surveys, 
and  no  boundary  lines  to  claims,  and,  as  a  natural  result,  numerous  conflicts  and 
quarrels  ensued. 

To  settle  these  difficulties,  to  decide  the  validity  of  claims  or  sell  them,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  real  owners,  by  act  of  the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  Territory, 
approved  January  16,  1838,  Edward  Johnstone,  Thomas  S.  Wilson  and  David 
Brigham  were  appointed  Commissioners,  and  clothed  with  power  to  effi^ct  these 
objects.  The  act  provided  that  these  Commissioners  should  be  paid  six  dollars 
a  day  each.  The  commission  entered  upon  its  duties  and  continued  until  the 
next  session  of  the  Legislature,  when  the  act  creating  it  was  repealed,  invalidat- 
ing all  that  had  been  done  and  depriving  the  Commissioners  of  their  pay.  The 
repealing  act,  however,  authorized  the  Commissioners  to  commence  action  against 
the  owners  of  tlie  Half-Breed  Tract,  to  receive  pay  for  their  services,  in  the  Dis- 
trict Court  of  Lee  County.  Two  judgments  were  obtained,  and  on  execution 
the  whole  of  the  tract  Avas  sold  to  Hugh  T.  Reid,  the  Sheriff  executing  the 
deed.  Mr.  Reid  sold  portions  of  it  to  various  parties,  but  his  own  title  was 
questioned  and  he  became  involved  in  litigation.     Decisions  in  favor  of  Reid 


166  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  those  holding  under  him  were  made  by  l)oth  District  and  Supreme  Courts, 
but  in  December,  1850,  these  decisions  were  finally  reversed  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  in  the  case  of  Joseph  Webster,  plaintiff  in  error,  vs. 
Hugli  T.  lleid,  and  the  judgment  titles  ftiiled.  About  nine  years  before  the 
"judgment  titles  "  were  finally  abrogated  as  above,  another  class  of  titles  were 
brought  into  competition  with  them,  and  in  the  conflict  betAveen  the  two,  the 
final  decision  Avas  obtained.  These  Avere  the  titles  based  on  the  "  decree  of 
partition  "  issued  by  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Territory  of  loAva, 
on  the  8th  of  May,  1841,  and  certified  to  by  the  Clerk  on  the  2d  day  of  June  of 
that  year.  Edward  Johnstone  and  Hugh  T.  Reid,  then  hnv  partners  at  Fort 
Madison,  filed  the  petition  for  the  decree  in  behalf  of  the  St.  Louis  claimants  of 
half-breed  lands.  Francis  S.  Key,  author  of  the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  Avho 
was  then  attorney  for  the  New  York  Land  Company,  which  held  heavy  interests 
in  these  lands,  took  a  leading  part  in  the  measure,  and  drcAV  up  the  document  in 
which  it  Avas  presented  to  the  court.  Judge  Charles  Mason,  of  Burlington,  pre- 
sided. The  plan  of  partition  divided  the  tract  into  one  hundred  and  one  shares 
and  arranged  tliat  each  claimant  should  draw  his  proportion  by  lot,  and  should 
abide  the  result,  Avhatever  it  might  be.  The  arrangement  Avas  entered  into,  the 
lots  drawn,  and  the  plat  of  the  same  filed  in  the  Recorder's  ofiice,  October  6, 
1841.     Upon  this  basis  the  titles  to  land  in  the  Half-Breed  Tract  are  noAv  held. 


EARLY  SETTLEMENTS. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  by  the  whites  within  the  limits  of  Iowa  Avas 
made  by  Julien  Dubu({ue,  in  1788,  Avhen,  Avith  a  small  party  of  miners,  he  set- 
tled on  the  site  of  the  city  that  now  bears  his  name,  where  he  lived  until  his 
death,  in  1810.  Louis  Honori  settled  on  the  site  of  the  present  toAvn  of  Mon- 
trose, probably  in  1799,  and  resided  there  until  1805,  Avhen  his  property  passed 
into  other  hands.  Of  the  Giard  settlement,  opposite  Prairie  du  Chien,  little  is 
known,  except  that  it  was  occupied  by  some  parties  prior  to  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century,  and  contained  three  cabins  in  1805.  Indian  traders, 
although  not  strictly  to  be  considered  settlers,  had  established  themselves  at 
various  points  at  an  early  date.  A  Mr.  Johnson,  agent  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  had  a  trading  post  below  Burlington,  where  he  carried  on  traffic  Avith 
the  Indians  some  time  before  the  United  States  possessed  the  country.  In 
1820,  Le  Moliese,  a  French  trader,  had  a  station  at  Avhat  is  now  Sandusky,  six 
miles  above  Keokuk,  in  Lee  County.  In  1829,  Dr.  Isaac  Gallaud  made  a  set- 
tlement on  the  LoAver  Rapids,  at  Avhat  is  noAV  Nashville. 

The  first  settlement  in  Lee  County  was  made  in  1820,  by  Dr.  Samuel  C. 
Muir,  a  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army,  Avho  had  been  stationed  at  Fort 
EdAvards,  noAV  Warsaw,  111.,  and  who  built  a  cabin  Avhere  the  city  of  Keokuk 
now  stands.  Dr.  Muir  was  a  man  of  strict  integrity  and  irreproachable  char- 
acter. While  stationed  at  a  military  post  on  the  L^pper  Mississippi,  he  had 
married  an  Indian  Avoman  of  the  Fox  nation.  Of  his  marriao-e,  the  folloAvino; 
romantic  account  is  given  : 

The  post  at  which  he  was  stationed  was  visiteil  by  a  heautiful  Indian  maiden — whose  native 
name,  unfortunately,  has  not  been  preserved — who,  in  her  dreams,  had  seen  a  white  brave  un- 
moor his  canoe,  i)addle  it  across  the  river  and  come  directly  to  her  lodge.  She  felt  assured, 
according  to  the  superstitious  belief  of  her  race,  that,  in  her  dreams,  she  had  seen  her  future 
husband,  and  had  come  to  the  fort  to  find  him.  Meeting  Dr.  Muir,  she  instantly  recognized 
him  as  the  hero  of  her  dream,  which,  with  childlike  innocence  and  simplicity,  she  related  to 
him.  Her  dream  was.  indeed,  prophetic.  Charmed  with  Sophias  beauty,  innocence  and  devo- 
tion, the  doctor  honorably  married  her ;  but  after  a  while,  the  sneers  and  gibes  of  his  brother 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  '  16T 

officers — less  honorable  than  he,  perhaps — made  him  feel  ashamed  of  his  dark-skinned  wife,  and 
when  his  regiment  was  ordered  down  the  river,  to  Bellefontaine,  it  is  said  he  embraced  the 
opportunity  to  rid  himself  of  her,  and  left  her,  never  expecting  to  see  her  again,  and  little 
dreaming  that  she  would  have  the  courage  to  follow  him.  But,  with  her  infiint  child,  this  in- 
trepid wife  and  mother  started  alone  in  her  canoe,  and,  after  many  days  of  weary  labor  and  a 
lonely  journey  of  nine  hundred  miles,  she,  at  last,  reached  him.  She  afterward  remarked,  when 
speaking  of  this  toilsome  journey  down  the  river  in  search  of  her  husband,  "  When  I  got  there 
I  was  all  perished  away — so  thin  !  "  The  doctor,  touched  by  such  unexampled  devotion,  took  her 
to  his  heart,  and  ever  after,  until  his  death,  treated  her  with  marked  respect.  She  always  pre- 
sided at  his  table  with  grace  and  dignity,  but  never  abandoned  her  native  style  of  dress.  In 
1819-20,  he  was  stationed  at  Fort  Edward,  but  the  senseless  ridicule  of  some  of  his  brother 
officers  on  account  of  his  Indian  wife  induced  him  to  resign  his  commission. 

After  building  his  cabin,  as  above  stated,  he  leased  his  claim  for  a  term  of  years  to  Otis 
Reynolds  and  John  Culver,  of  St.  Louis,  and  went  to  La  Pointe,  afterward  Galena,  where  he 
practiced  his  profession  for  ten  years,  when  he  returned  to  Keokuk.  His  Indian  wife  bore  to 
him  four  children — Louise  (married  at  Keokuk,  since  dead),  James,  (drowned  at  Keokuk),  Mary 
and  Sophia.  Dr.  Muir  died  suddenly  of  cholera,  in  1832,  but  left  his  property  in  such  condition 
that  it  was  soon  wasted  in  vexatious  litigation,  and  his  brave  and  faithful  wife,  left  friendless  and 
penniless,  became  discouraged,  and,  with  her  children,  disappeared,  and,  it  is  said,  returned  to 
her  people  on  the  Upper  Missouri. 

Messrs.  Reynolds  &  Culver,  who  had  leased  Dr.  Muir's  claim  at  Keokuk, 
subsequently  employed  as  their  agent  Mr.  Moses  Stillwell,  who  arrived  with 
his  family  in  1828,  and  took  possession  of  Muir's  cabin.  His  brothers-in-law, 
Amos  and  Valencourt  Van  Ansdal,  came  with  him  and  settled  near. 

His  daughter,  Margaret  Stillwell  (afterward  Mrs.  Ford)  was  born  in  1831, 
at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  called  by  the  Indians  Puch-a-she-tuck,  where  Keokuk 
now  stands.     She  was  probably  the  first  white  American  child  born  in  Iowa. 

In  1831,  Mr.  Johnson,  Agent  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  who  had  a 
station  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  removed  to  another  location,  and.  Dr.  Muir 
having  returned  from  Galena,  he  and  Isaac  R.  Campbell  took  the  place  and 
buildings  vacated  by  the  Company  and  carried  on  trade  with  the  Indians  and 
half-breeds.  Campbell,  who  had  first  visited  and  traveled  through  the  southern 
part  of  Iowa,  in  1821,  was  an  enterprising  settler,  and  besides  trading  with  the 
natives  carried  on  a  farm  and  kept  a  tavern. 

Dr.  Muir  died  of  cholera  in  1832. 

In  1830,  James  L.  and  Lucius  H.  Langworthy,  brothers  and  natives  of 
Vermont,  visited  the  Territory  for  the  purpose  of  working  the  lead  mines  at  Du- 
buque. They  had  been  engaged  in  lead  mining  at  Galena,  Illinois,  the  former 
from  as  early  as  1824.  The  lead  mines  in  the  Dubuque  region  were  an  object 
of  great  interest  to  the  miners  about  Galena,  for  they  were  known  to  be  rich  in 
lead  ore.  To  explore  these  mines  and  to  obtain  permission  to  work  them  was 
therefore  eminently  desirable. 

In  1829,  James  L,  Langworthy  resolved  to  visit  the  Dubuque  mines.  Cross- 
ing the  Mississippi  at  a  point  now  known  as  Dunleith,  in  a  canoe,  and  swim- 
ming his  horse  by  his  side,  he  landed  on  the  spot  now  known  as  Jones  Street 
Levee.  Before  him  spread  out  a  beautiful  prairie,  on  which  the  city  of  Du- 
buque now  stands.  Two  miles  south,  at  the  mouth  of  Catfish  Creek,  Avas  a  vil- 
lage of  Sacs  and  Foxes.  Thither  Mr.  Langworthy  proceeded,  and  was  well  re- 
ceived by  the  natives.  He  endeavored  to  obtain  permission  from  them  to  mine 
in  their  hills,  but  this  they  refused.  He.  however,  succeeded  in  gaining  the  con- 
fidence of  the  chief  to  such  an  extent  as  to  be  allowed  to  travel  in  the  interior 
for  three  weeks  and  explore  the  country.  He  employed  two  3'oung  Indians  as 
guides,  and  traversed  in  different  directions  the  whole  region  lying  between  the 
Maquoketa  and  Turkey  Rivers.  He  returned  to  the  village,  secured  the  good 
will  of  the  Indians,  and,  returning  to  Galena,  formed  plans  for  future  opera- 
tions, to  be  executed  as  soon  as  circumstances  would  permit. 


168  '  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

In  1830,  with  his  brother,  Lucius  H.,  and  others,  having  obtained  the  con- 
sent of  the  Indians,  Mr.  Langworthy  crossed  the  Mississippi  and  commenced 
mining  in  the  vicinity  around  Dubuque. 

At  this  time,  tlie  lands  were  not  in  the  actual  possession  of  the  United  States. 
Although  they  had  been  purchased  from  France,  the  Indian  title  had  not  been 
extinguished,  and  these  adventurous  persons  were  beyond  the  limits  of  any  State 
or  Territorial  government.  The  first  settlers  were  therefore  obliged  to  be  their 
own  law-makers,  and  to  agree  to  such  regulations  as  the  exigencies  of  the  case 
demanded.  The  first  act  resembling  civil  legislation  within  the  limits  of  the 
present  State  of  Iowa  Avas  done  by  the  miners  at  this  point,  in  June,  1830.  They 
met  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  by  the  side  of  an  old  cottonwood  drift  log,  at 
what  is  now  the  Jones  Street  Levee,  Dubuque,  and  elected  a  Committee,  con- 
sisting of  J.  L.  Langworthy,  H.  F.  Lander,  James  McPhetres,  Samuel  Scales, 
and  E.  M,  Wren.  This  may  be  called  the  first  Legislature  in  Iowa,  the  mem- 
bers of  which  gathered  around  that  old  cottonwood  log,  and  agreed  to  and  re- 
ported the  following,  written  by  ]Mr.  Langworthy,  on  a  half  sheet  of  coarse,  un- 
ruled paper,  the  old  log  being  the  writing  desk  : 

We,  a  Committee  having  been  chosen  to  draft  certain  rules  and  regulations  (laws)  by 
which  we  as  miners  will  be  governed,  and  having  duly  considered  the  subject,  do  unanimously 
agree  that  we  will  be  governed  by  the  regulations  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,*  with 
the  following  exceptions,  to  wit : 

Article  I.  That  eacli  and  every  man  shall  hold  200  yards  square  of  ground  by  working 
said  ground  one  day  in  six. 

Article  II.  We  further  agree  that  there  shall  be  chosen,  by  the  majority  of  the  miners 
present,  a  person  who  shall  hold  this  article,  and  who  shall  grant  letters  of  arbitration  on  appli- 
cation having  been  made,  and  that  said  letters  of  arbitration  shall  be  obligatory  on  the  parties  so 
applying. 

The  report  was  accepted  by  the  miners  present,  who  elected  Dr.  Jarote,  in 
accordance  with  Article  2.  Here,  then,  we  have,  in  1830,  a  primitive  Legisla- 
ture elected  by  the  people,  the  law  drafted  by  it  being  submitted  to  the  people 
for  approval,  and  under  it  Dr.  Jarote  was  elected  first  Governor  within  the 
limits  of  the  present  State  of  Iowa.  And  it  is  to  be  said  that  the  laws  tlius 
enaoted  were  as  promptly  obeyed,  and  the  acts  of  the  executive  officer  thus 
elected  as  duly  respected,  as  any  have  been  since. 

The  miners  who  had  thus  erected  an  independent  government  of  their  own 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  continued  to  work  successfully  for  a 
long  time,  and  the  new  settlement  attracted  considerable  attention.  But  tlie 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  belonged  to  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  and  the  Gov- 
ernment, in  order  to  preserve  peace  on  the  frontier,  as  well  as  to  protect  the 
Indians  in  their  rights  under  the  treaty,  ordered  the  settlers  not  only  to  stop 
mining,  but  to  remove  from  the  Indian  territory.  They  were  simply  intruders. 
The  execution  of  this  order  was  entrusted  to  Col.  Zachary  Taylor,  then  in  c<im- 
mand  of  the  military  post  at  Prairie  du  Cliien,  who,  early  in  July,  sent  an  officer 
to  the  miners  with  orders  to  forbid  settlement,  and  to  command  the  miners  to 
remove  within  ten  days  to  tlie  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  or  they  Avould  be 
driven  off  by  armed  force.  The  miners,  however,  were  reluctant  about  leaving 
the  rich  "leads"  they  had  already  discovered  and  opened,  and  were  not  dis- 
posed to  obey  the  order  to  remove  with  any  considerable  degree  of  alacrity.  In 
due  time.  Col.  Taylor  dispatched  a  detachment  of  troops  to  enforce  his  order.  The 
miners,  anticipating  tlieir  arrival,  had,  excepting  three,  recrossed  the  river,  and 
from  the  east  bank  saw  the  troops  land  on  the  western  shore.  The  three  who 
had  lingered  a  little  too  long  were,   liowever,  permitted  to  make  their  escape 

*  Established  by  the  Superintendent  of  U.  S.  Lead  Jlines  at  Fever  RiTer. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  169 

unmolested.  From  this  time,  a  militaiy  force  was  stationed  at  Dubuque  to 
prevent  the  settlers  from  returning,  until  June.  1832.  The  Indians  returned, 
and  were  encouaged  to  operate  the  rich  mines  opened  by  the  late  white 
occupants. 

In  June,  1832,  the  troops  were  ordered  to  the  east  side  to  assist  in  the 
annihilation  of  the  very  Indians  whose  rights  they  had  been  protecting  on  the 
west  side.  Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  the  negotia- 
tions of  the  treaty  in  September,  1832,  by  which  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  ceded  to 
the  United  States  the  tract  known  as  the  "Black  Hawk  Purchase,"  the  set- 
tlers, supposing  that  now  they  had  a  right  to  re-enter  the  territory,  returned 
and  took  possession  of  their  claims,  built  cabins,  erected  furnaces  and  prepared 
large  quantities  of  lead  for  market.  Dubuque  was  becoming  a  noted  place  on 
the  river,  but  the  prospects  of  the  hardy  and  enterprising  settlers  and  miners 
were  again  ruthlessly  interfered  with  by  the  Government,  on  the  ground  that 
the  treaty  with  the  Indians  would  not  go  into  force  until  June  1, 1833,  although 
they  had  withdrawn  from  the  vicinity  of  the  settlement.  Col.  Taylor  was  again 
ordered  by  the  War  Department  to  remove  the  miners,  and  in  January,  1833, 
troops  were  again  sent  from  Prairie  du  Chien  to  Dubuque  for  that  purpose. 
This  was  a  serious  and  perhaps  unnecessary  hardship  imposed  upon  the  settlers. 
They  were  compelled  to  abandon  their  cabins  and  homes  in  mid-winter.  It 
must  now  be  said,  simply,  that  "red  tape"  should  be  respected.  The  purchase 
had  been  made,  the  treaty  ratified,  or  was  sure  to  be ;  the  Indians  had  retired, 
and,  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  fifty  years,  no  very  satisfactory  reason  for  this 
rigorous  action  of  the  Government  can  be  given. 

But  the  orders  had  been  given,  and  there  was  no  alternative  but  to  obey. 
Many  of  the  settlers  recrossed  the  river,  and  did  not  return  ;  a  few,  however, 
removed  to  an  island  near  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  built  rude  cabins  of  poles, 
in  which  to  store  their  lead  until  Spring,  when  they  could  float  the  fruits  of 
their  labor  to  St.  Louis  for  sale,  and  where  they  could  remain  until  the  treaty 
went  into  force,  when  they  could  return.  Among  these  were  James  L.  Lang- 
worthy,  and  his  brother  Lucius,  who  had  on  hand  about  three  hundred  thousand 
pounds  of  lead. 

Lieut.  Covington,  who  had  been  placed  in  command  at  Dubuque  by  Col. 
Taylor,  ordered  some  of  the  cabins  of  the  settlers  to  be  torn  down,  and  wagons 
and  other  property  to  be  destroyed.  This  wanton  and  inexcusable  action  on 
the  part  of  a  subordinate  clothed  with  a  little  brief  authority  was  sternly 
rebuked  by  Col.  Taylor,  and  Covington  was  superseded  by  Lieut.  George  Wil- 
son, Avho  pursued  a  just  and  friendly  course  with  the  pioneers,  who  were  only 
waiting  for  the  time  when  they  could  repossess  their  claims. 

June  1,  1833,  the  treaty  formally  went  into  effect,  the  troops  were  withdrawn, 
and  the  Langworthy  brothers  and  a  few  others  at  once  returned  and  resumed 
possession  of  their  home  claims  and  mineral  prospects,  and  from  this  time  the 
first  permanent  settlement  of  this  portion  of  Iowa  must  date.  Mr.  John  P. 
Sheldon  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  mines  by  the  Government,  and  a 
system  of  permits  to  miners  and  licenses  to  smelters  was  adopted,  similar  to  that 
which  had  been  in  operation  at  Galena,  since  1825,  under  Lieut.  Martin  Thomas 
and  Capt.  Thomas  C.  Legate.  Substantially  the  primitive  law  enacted  by  the 
miners  assembled  around  that  old  cottonwood  drift  log  in  1830  was  adopted  and 
enforced  by  the  Fnited  States  Government,  except  that  miners  were  required  to 
sell  their  mineral  to  licensed  smelters  and  the  smelter  was  required  to  give  bonds 
for  the  payment  of  six  per  cent,  of  all  lead  manufactured  to  the  Government. 
This  was  the  same  rule  adopted  in  the  United  States  mines  on  Fever  River  in 


170  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Illinois,  except  that,  until  1830,  the  Illinois  miners  were  compelled  to  pay  10 
per  cent.  tax.  This  tax  upon  the  miners  created  much  dissatisfaction  among 
the  miners  on  the  west  side  as  it  had  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi.  They 
thought  they  had  suffered  hardships  and  privations  enough  in  opening  the  way 
for  civilization,  without  being  subjected  to  the  imposition  of  an  odious  Govern- 
ment tax  upon  their  means  of  subsistence,  when  the  Federal  Government  could 
better  afford  to  aid  than  to  extort  from  them.  The  measure  soon  became  unpop- 
ular. It  Avas  difficult  to  collect  the  taxes,  and  the  whole  system  was  abolished 
in  about  ten  years. 

During  1833,  after  the  Indian  title  was  fully  extinguished,  about  five  hun- 
dred people  arrived  at  the  mining  district,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  them 
from  Galena. 

In  the  same  year,  Mr.  Langworthy  assisted  in  building  the  first  school  house 
in  Iowa,  and  thus  was  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  now  populous  and  thriving 
City  of  Dubuque.  Mr.  Langworthy  lived  to  see  the  naked  prairie  on  which  he 
first  landed  become  the  site  of  a  city  of  fifteen  thousand  inhabitants,  the  small 
school  house  which  he  aided  in  constructing  replaced  by  three  substantial  edifices, 
wherein  two  thousand  children  were  being  trained,  churches  erected  in  every 
part  of  the  city,  and  railroads  connecting  the  wilderness  which  he  first  explored 
with  all  the  eastern  world.  He  died  suddenly  on  the  13th  of  March,  1865, 
while  on  a  trip  over  the  Dubuque  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  Monticello, 
and  the  evening  train  brought  the  news  of  his  death  and  his  remains. 

Lucius  H.  Langworthy,  his  brother,  was  one  of  the  most  Avorthy,  gifted  and 
mfluential  of  the  old  settlers  of  this  section  of  Iowa.  He  died,  greatly  lamented 
by  many  friends,  in  June,  1865. 

The  name  Dubuque  was  given  to  the  settlement  by  the  miners  at  a  meeting 
held  in  1834. 

In  1832,  Captain  James  White  made  a  claim  on  the  present  site  of  Montrose. 
In  1834,  a  military  post  was  established  at  this  point,  and  a  garrison  of  cavalry 
was  stationed  here,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Stephen  W.  Kearney.  The 
soldiers  Avere  removed  from  this  post  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  in  1837. 

During  the  same  year,  1832,  soon  after  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  War, 
Zachariah  Hawkins,  Benjamin  Jennings,  Aaron  White,  Augustine  Horton, 
Samuel  Gooch,  Daniel  Thompson  and  Peter  Williams  made  claims  at  Fort 
Madison.  In  1833,  these  claims  were  purchased  by  John  and  Nathaniel 
Knapp,  upon  Avhich,  in  1835,  they  laid  out  the  town.  The  next  Summer,  lots 
were  sold.  The  toAvn  was  subsequently  re-surveyed  and  platted  by  the  United 
States  Government. 

At  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk  War,  parties  who  had  been  impatiently 
looking  across  upon  "Flint  Hills,"  noAv  Burlington,  came  over  from  Illinois 
and  made  claims  The  first  was  Samuel  S.  White,  in  the  Fall  of  1832,  who 
erected  a  cabin  on  the  site  of  the  city  of  Burlington.  About  the  same  time, 
David  Tothero  made  a  claim  on  the  prairie  about  three  miles  back  from  the 
river,  at  a  place  since  known  as  the  farm  of  Judge  Morgan.  In  tlie  Winter  of 
that  year,  they  Avere  driven  off  by  the  military  from  Rock  Island,  as  intruders 
upon  the  rights  of  the  Indians,  and  White's  cabin  was  burnt  by  the  soldiers. 
He  retired  to  Illinois,  where  he  spent  the  Winter,  and  in  the  Summer,  as  soon 
as  the  Indian  title  Avas  extinguished,  returned  and  rebuilt  his  cabin.  White 
was  joined  by  his  brother-in-laAv,  Doolittle,  and  they  laid  out  the  original  town 
of  Burlington  in  1834. 

All  along  the  river  borders  of  the  Black  HaAvk  Purchase  settlers  were  flocking 
into  Iowa.     Immediately  after  the  treaty  Avith  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  in  Septem- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  171 

ber,  1832,  Col.  George  Davenport  made  the  first  claim  on  the  spot  where  the 
thriving  city  of  Davenport  now  stands.  As  early  as  1827,  Col.  Davenport  had 
established  a  flatboat  ferry,  which  ran  between  the  island  and  the  main  shore  of 
Iowa,  by  which  he  carried  on  a  trade  with  the  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi. 
In  1833,  Capt.  Benjamin  W.  Clark  moved  across  from  Illinois,  and  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  town  of  Buffalo,  in  Scott  County,  which  was  the  first  actual 
settlement  within  the  limits  of  that  county.  Among  other  early  settlers  in  this 
part  of  the  Territory  were  Adrian  H.  Davenport,  Col.  John  Sullivan,  Mulli- 
gan and  Franklin  Easly,  Capt.  John  Coleman,  J.  M.  Camp,  William  White, 
H.  W.  Higgins,  Cornelius  Harrold,  Richard  Harrison,  E.  H.  Shepherd  and 
Dr.  E.  S.  Barrows. 

The  first  settlers  of  Davenport  were  Antoine  LeClaire,  Col.  George  Daven- 
port, Major  Thomas  Smith,  Major  William  Gordon,  Philip  Hambough,  Alexan- 
der W.  McGregor,  Levi  S.  Colton,  Capt.  James  May  and  others.  Of  Antoine 
LeClaire,  as  the  representative  of  the  two  races  of  men  who  at  this  time  occu- 
pied Iowa,  Hon.  C.  C.  Nourse,  in  his  admirable  Centennial  Address,  says : 
"  Antoine  LeClaire  was  born  at  St.  Joseph,  Michigan,  in  1797.  His  father 
was  French,  his  mother  a  granddaughter  of  a  Pottowatomie  chief.  In  1818, 
he  acted  as  official  interpreter  to  Col.  Davenport,  at  Fort  Armstrong  (now  Rock 
Island).  He  was  well  acquainted  with  a  dozen  Indian  dialects,  and  was  a  man 
of  strict  integrity  and  great  energy.  In  1820,  he  married  the  granddaughter 
of  a  Sac  chief.  The  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  reserved  for  him  and  his  wife  two 
sections  of  land  in  the  treaty  of  1833,  one  at  the  town  of  LeClaire  and  one  at 
Davenport.  The  Pottawatomies,  in  the  treaty  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  also 
reserved  for  him  two  sections  of  land,  at  the  present  site  of  Moline,  111.  He 
received  the  appointment  of  Postmaster  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  Black 
Hawk  Purchase,  at  an  early  day.  In  1833,  ho  bought  for  $100  a  claim  on  the 
land  upon  which  the  original  town  of  Davenport  was  surveyed  and  platted  in 
1836.  In  1836,  LeClaire  built  the  hotel,  known  since,  with  its  valuable  addi- 
tion, as  the  LeClaire  House.     He  died  September  25,  1861." 

In  Clayton  County,  the  first  settlement  was  made  in  the  Spring  of  1832, 
on  Turkey  River,  by  Robert  Hatfield  and  William  W.  Way  man.  No  further 
settlement  was  made  in  this  part  of  the  State  till  the  beginning  of  1836. 

In  that  portion  now  known  as  Muscatine  County,  settlements  were  made  in 
1834,  by  Benjamin  Nye,  John  Vanater  and  G.  W.  Kasey,  who  were  the  first 
settlers.  E.  E.  Fay,  William  St.  John,  N.  Fullington,  H.  Reece,  Jona  Petti- 
bone,  R.  P.  Lowe,  Stephen  Whicher,  Abijah  Whiting,  J.  E.  Fletcher,  W.  D. 
Abernethy  and  Alexis  Smith  were  early  settlers  of  Muscatine. 

During  the  Summer  of  1835,  William  Bennett  and  his  family,  from  Galena, 
built  the  first  cabin  w^ithin  the  present  limits  of  Delaware  County,  in  some 
timber  since  known  as  Eads'  Grove. 

The  first  post  office  in  Iowa  was  established  at  Dubuque  in  1833.  Milo  H. 
Prentice  was  appointed  Postmaster. 

The  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  was  Antoine  Le  Claire,  appointed  in  1833,  as 
"  a  very  suitable  person  to  adjust  the  difficulties  between  the  white  settlers  and 
the  Indians  still  remaining  there." 

The  first  Methodist  Society  in  the  Territory  was  formed  at  Dubuque  on 
the  18th  of  May,  1834,  and  the  first  class  meeting  was  held  June  1st  of  that 
year. 

The  first  church  bell  brought  into  Iowa  was  in  March,  1834. 

The  first  mass  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  Territory  was  celebrated 
at  Dubuque,  in  the  house  of  Patrick  Quigley,  in  the  Fall  of  1833. 


172  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  Territory  was  erected  by  the  Dubuque  miners 
in  1833. 

The  first  Sabbath  school  was  organized  at  Dubuque  early  in  the  Summer 
of  1834. 

The  first  woman  who  came  to  this  part  of  the  Territory  with  a  view  to  per- 
manent residence  was  Mrs.  Noble  F.  Dean,  in  the  Fall  of  1832. 

The  first  family  that  lived  in  this  part  of  Iowa  was  that  of  Hosea  T.  Camp, 
in  1832. 

The  first  meeting  house  was  built  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  at 
Dubuque,  in  1834. 

Tlie  first  newspaper  in  Iowa  was  the  Dubuque  Visitor,  issued  May  11th,  1836. 
John  King,  afterward  Judge  King,  Avas  editor,  and  William   C.  Jones,  printer. 

The  pioneers  of  Iowa,  as  a  class,  were  brave,  hardy,  intelligent  and 
enterprising  people. 

As  early  as  1824,  a  Freiich  trader  named  Hart  had  established  a  trading 
post,  and  built  a  cabin  on  the  blufis  above  the  large  spring  now  known  as 
"Mvnster  Spring,"  within  the  limits  of  the  present  city  of  Council  Bluffs,  and 
had  probably  been  there  some  time,  as  the  post  was  known  to  the  employes  of 
the  American  Fur  Company  as  Lacote  de  Ifai't.,  or  "  Hart's  Bluff"."  In  1827, 
an  agent  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  Francis  Guittar,  with  others,  encamped 
in  the  timber  at  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  about  on  the  present  location  of  Broad- 
way, and  afterward  settled  there.  In  1839,  a  block  house  was  built  on  the 
bluff  in  the  east  part  of  the  city.  The  Pottawatomie  Indians  occupied  this  part 
of  the  State  until  1846-7,  Avhen  they  relinquished  the  territory  and  removed  to 
Kansas.  Billy  Caldwell  was  then  principal  chief.  There  were  no  white  settlers 
in  that  part  of  the  State  except  Indian  traders,  until  the  arrival  of  the  Mormons 
under  the  lead  of  Brigham  Young.  These  people  on  their  way  westward  halted 
for  the  Winter  of  1846-7  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  five 
miles  above  Omaha,  at  a  place  now  called  Florence.  Some  of  them  had 
reached  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river  the  Spring  before,  in  season  to  plant  a 
crop.  In  the  Spring  of  1847,  Young  and  a  portion  of  the  colony  pursued  their 
journey  to  Salt  Lake,  but  a  large  portion  of  them  returned  to  the  Iowa  side  and 
settled  mainly  within  the  limits  of  Pottawattamie  County.  The  principal  settle- 
ment of  this  strange  community  was  at  a  place  first  called  "Miller's  Hollow," 
on  Indian  Creek,  and  afterward  named  Kanesville,  in  honor  of  Col.  Kane,  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  visited  them  soon  afterward.  The  Mormon  settlement 
extended  over  the  county  and  into  neighboring  counties,  wherever  timber  and 
water  furnished  desirable  locations.  Orson  Hyde,  priest,  lawyer  and  editor,  was 
installed  as  President  of  the  Quorum  of  Twelve,  and  all  that  part  of  the  State 
remained  under  Mormon  control  for  several  years.  In  1846,  they  raised  a  bat- 
talion, numbering  some  five  hundred  men,  for  the  Mexican  war.  In  1848,  Hyde 
started  a  paper  called  the  Frontier  Guardian,  at  Kanesville.  In  1849,  after 
many  of  the  faithful  had  left  to  join  Brigham  Young  at  Salt  Lake,  the  Mormons 
in  this  section  of  Iowa  numbered  6,552,  and  in  1850,  7,828,  but  they  were  not 
all  witliin  the  limits  of  Pottawattamie  County.  This  county  was  organized  in 
1848,  all  the  first  officials  being  Mormons.  In  1852,  the  order  was  promulgated 
that  all  the  true  believers  should  gather  together  at  Salt  Lake.  Gentiles  flocked 
in,  and  in  a  few  years  nearly  all  the  first  settlers  were  gone. 

May  9,  1843,  Captain  James  Allen,  with  a  small  detachment  of  troops  on 
board  the  steamer  lone,  arrived  at  the  present  site  of  the  capital  of  the  State, 
Des  Moines.  The  lone  was  the  first  steamer  to  ascend  the  Des  Moines  River 
to  this  point.     The  troops  and  stores  Avere  landed  at  Avhat  is  now  the  foot  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  173 

Court  avenue,  Des  Moines,  and  Capt.  Allen  returned  in  the  steamer  to  Fort 
Sanford  to  arrange  for  bringing  up  more  soldiers  and  supplies.  In  due  time 
they,  too,  arrived,  and  a  fort  was  built  near  the  mouth  of  Raccoon  Fork,  at  its 
confluence  with  the  Des  Moines,  and  named  Fort  Des  Moines.  Soon  after  the 
arrival  of  the  troops,  a  trading  post  was  established  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
by  tAvo  noted  Indian  traders  named  Ewing,  from  Ohio. 

Among  the  first  settlers  in  this  part  of  Iowa  were  Benjamin  Bryant,  J.  B. 
Scott,  James  Drake  (gunsmith),  John  Sturtevant,  Robert  Kinzie,  Alexander 
Turner,  Peter  Newcomer,  and  others. 

The  Western  States  have  been  settled  by  many  of  the  best  and  most  enter- 
prising men  of  the  older  States,  and  a  large  immigration  of  the  best  blood  of 
the  Old  World,  who,  removing  to  an  arena  of  larger  opportunities,  in  a  more 
fertile  soil  and  congenial  climate,  have  developed  a  spirit  and  an  energy 
peculiarly  Western.  In  no  country  on  the  globe  have  enterprises  of  all  kinds 
been  pushed  forward  with  such  rapidity,  or  has  there  been  such  independence 
and  freedom  of  competition.  Among  those  who  have  pioneered  the  civiliza- 
tion of  the  West,  and  been  the  founders  of  great  States,  none  have  ranked 
higher  in  the  scale  of  intelligence  and  moral  worth  than  the  pioneers  of  Iowa, 
who  came  to  the  territory  when  it  was  an  Indian  country,  and  through  hardship, 
privation  and  suffering,  laid  the  foundations  of  the  populous  and  prosperous 
commonwealth  which  to-day  dispenses  its  blessings  to  a  million  and  a  quarter 
of  people.  From  her  first  settlement  and  from  her  first  organization  as  a  terri- 
tory to  the  present  day,  Iowa  has  had  able  men  to  manage  her  affairs,  wise 
statesmen  to  shape  her  destiny  and  frame  her  laws,  and  intelligent  and  impartial 
jurists  to  administer  justice  to  her  citizens  ;  her  bar,  pulpit  and  press  have  been 
able  and  widely  influential ;  and  in  all  the  professions,  arts,  enterprises  and 
industries  which  go  to  make  up  a  great  and  prosperous  commonwealth,  she  has 
taken  and  holds  a  front  rank  among  her  sister  States  of  the  West. 


TERRITORIAL  HISTORY. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  October  31,  1803,  the  President  of  the  United 
States  was  authorized  to  take  possession  of  the  territory  included  in  the 
Louisiana  purchase,  and  provide  for  a  temporary  government.  By  another  act 
of  the  same  session,  approved  March  26,  1804,  the  newly  acquired  country  was 
divided,  October  1,  1804  into  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  south  of  the  thirty-third 
parallel  of  north  latitude,  and  the  district  of  Louisiana,  which  latter  was  placed 
under  the  authority  of  the  officers  of  Indiana  Territory. 

In  1805,  the  District  of  Louisiana  was  organized  as  a  Territory  with  a  gov- 
ernment of  its  own.  In  1807,  Iowa  was  included  in  the  Territory  of  Illinois, 
and  in  1812  in  the  Territory  of  Missouri.  When  Missouri  was  admitted  as  a 
State,  March  2,  1821,  "Iowa,"  says  Hon.  C.  C.  Nourse,  "was  left  a  political 
orphan,"  until  by  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  28,  1834,  the  Black  Hawk 
purchase  having  been  made,  all  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  and  north 
of  the  northern  boundary  of  Missouri,  was  made  a  part  of  Michigan  Territory. 
Up  to  this  time  there  had  been  no  county  or  other  organization  in  what  is  now 
the  State  of  Iowa,  although  one  or  two  Justices  of  the  Peace  had  been  appointed 
and  a  post  office  was  established  at  Dubuque  in  1833.  In  September,  1834, 
however,  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Michigan  created  two  counties  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  viz. :  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines,  separated 
by  a  line  drawn  Avestward  from  the  foot  of  Rock  Island.     These  counties  were 


174  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

partially  organized.  John  King  Avas  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Dubuque 
County,  and  Isaac  Leffler,  of  Burlington,  of  Des  Moines  County.  Two 
Associate  Justices,  in  each  county,  were  appointed  by  tlie  Governor. 

On  the  first  Monday  in  October,  1835,  Gen.  George  W.  Jones,  now  a  citi- 

'  zen  of  Dubuque,  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  this  part  of  Michigan 

Territory.     On  the  •20th  of  April,  1836,  through  the  efforts  of  Gen.  Jones, 

Congress  passed  a  bill  creating  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  which  went  into 

operation,  July  4,  1836,  and  Iowa  was  then  included  in 

THE   TERRITORY   OF   AYISCONSIN, 

of  which  Gen.  Henry  Dodge  was  appointed  Governor;  John  S.  Horner,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Territory  ;  Charles  Dunn,  Chief  Justice  ;  David  Irwin  and  William 
C.  Frazer,  Associate  Justices. 

September  9,  1836,  Governor  Dodge  ordered  the  census  of  the  new  Territory 
to  be  taken.  This  census  resulted  in  shoAving  a  population  of  10,531  in  the 
counties  of  Dubucjue  and  Des  ]Moines.  Under  the  apportionment,  these  two 
counties  were  entitled  to  six  members  of  the  Council  and  thirteen  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  The  Governor  issued  his  proclamation  for  an  election  to  be 
held  on  the  first  jNIonday  of  October,  1836,  on  which  day  the  following  members 
of  the  First  Territorial  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  Avere  elected  from  the  two 
counties  in  the  Black  HaAvk  purchase  : 

Dubuque  Coimti/. —  Council:  John  Fally,  Thomas  McKnight,  Thomas  Mc- 
Craney.  House :  Loring  Wlieeler,  Hardin  Nowlan,  Peter  Hill  Engle,  Patrick 
Quigley,  Hosea  T.  Camp. 

Des  Moines  Qounty. — Council:  Jeremiah  Smith,  Jr.,  Joseph  B.  Teas, 
Arthur  B.  Ingram.  House:  Isaac  Leflfler,  Thomas  Blair,  Warren  L.  Jenkins, 
John  Box,  George  W.  Teas,  Eli  Reynolds,  David  R.  Chance. 

The  first  Legislature  assembled  at  Belmont,  in  the  present  State  of  W^iscon- 
sin,  on  the  25th  day  of  October,  1836,  and  was  organized  by  electing  Henry  T. 
Baird  President  of  the  Council,  and  Peter  Hill  Engle,  of  Dubuque,  Speaker  of 
the  House.     It  adjourned  December  9,  1836. 

The  second  Legislature  assembled  at  Burlington,  November  10,  1837. 
Adjourned  January  20,  1838.  The  third  session  Avas  at  Burlington;  com- 
menced June  1st,  and  adjourned  June  12,  1838. 

During  the  first  session  of  the  Wisconsin  Territorial  Legislature,  in  1836, 
the  county  of  Des  Moines  was  divided  into  Des  Moines,  Lee,  Van  Buren,  Henry, 
Muscatine  and  Cook  (the  latter  being  subsequently  changed  to  Scott)  and  defined 
their  boundaries.  During  the  second  session,  out  of  the  territory  embraced  in 
Dubufjue  County,  were  created  the  counties  of  Dubuque,  Clayton,  Fayette, 
DelaAvare,  Buchanan,  Jackson,  Jones,  Linn,  Clinton  and  Cedar,  and  their  boun- 
daries defined,  but  the  most  of  them  were  not  organized  until  several  years 
afterward,  under  the  authority  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  loAva. 

The  question  of  a  separate  territorial  organization  for  loAva,  which  was  then 
a  part  of  Wisconsin  Territory,  began  to  be  agitated  early  in  the  Autumn  of 
1837.  The  Avishes  of  the  people  found  expression  in  a  convention  held  at  Bur- 
lington on  the  1st  of  November,  Avhich  memorialized  Congress  to  organize  a 
Territory  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  to  settle  the  boundary  line  between  Wis- 
consin Territory  and  Missouri.  The  Territorial  Legislature  of  Wisconsin,  then 
in  session  at  Burlington,  joined  in  the  petition.  Gen.  George  W.  Jones,  of 
Dubuque,  then  residing  at  Sinsinawa  Mound,  in  what  is  now  Wisconsin,  was 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  Wisconsin  Territory,  ^ind  labored  so  earnestly  and 
successfully,  that  "  An  act  to  divide  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  and  to  estab- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  175 

lish  the  Territorial  Government  of  Iowa,"  was  approved  June  12,  1838,  to  take 
eftect  and  be  in  force  on  and  after  July  3,  1838.  The  new  Territory  embraced 
"all  that  part  of  the  present  Territory  of  Wisconsin  Avhich  lies  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  and  west  of  a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  head  water  or 
sources  of  the  Mississippi  to  the  territorial  line."  The  organic  act  provided 
for  a  Governor,  whose  term  of  office  should  be  three  years,  and  for  a  Secretary, 
Chief  Justice,  two  Associate  Justices,  and  Attorney  and  Marshal^  Avho  should 
serve  four  years,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate.  The  act  also  provided  for  the  election,  by  the  white 
male  inhabitants,  citizens  of  the  United  States,  over  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
of  a  House  of  Representatives,  consisting  of  twenty-six  members,  and  a  Council, 
to  consist  of  thirteen  members.  It  also  appropriated  |5,000  for  a  public  library, 
and  $20,000  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings. 

President  Van  Buren  appointed  Ex-Governor  Robert  Lucas,  of  Ohio,  to  be 
the  first  Governor  of  the  new  Territory.  William  B.  Conway,  of  Pittsburgh, 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Territory;  Charles  Mason,  of  Burlington, 
Chief  Justice,  and  Thomas  S.  Wilson,  of  Dubuque,  and  Joseph  Williams,  of 
Pennsylvania,  Associate  Judges  of  the  Supreme  and  District  Courts;  Mr.  Van 
Allen,  of  New  York,  Attorney;  Francis  Gehon,  of  Dubuque,  Marshal;  Au 
gustus  C.  Dodge,  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Burlington,  and  Thomas  Me- 
Knight,  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  at  Dubuque.  Mr.  Van  Allen,  the  District 
Attorney,  died  at  Rockingham,  soon  after  his  appointment,  and  Col.  Charley 
Weston  was  appointed  to  fill  his  vacancy.  Mr.  Conway,  the  Secretary,  also 
died  at  Burlington,  during  the  second  session  of  the  Legislature,  and  Jameis 
Clarke,  editor  of  the  Gazette,  was  appointed  to  succeed  him. 

Immediately  after  his  arrival.  Governor  Lucas  issued  a  proclamation  for  tho 
election  of  members  of  the  first  Territorial  Legislature,  to  be  held  on  the  lOtL 
of  September,  dividing  the  Territory  into  election  districts  for  that  purpose,  and 
appointing  the  12th  day  of  November  for  meeting  of  the  Legislature  to  bo 
elected,  at  Burlington. 

The  first  Territorial  Legislature  was  elected  in  September  and  assembled  at; 
Burlington  on  the  12th  of  November,  and  consisted  of  the  following  members : 

Council. — Jesse  B.  Brown,  J.  Keith,  E.  A.  M.  Swazey,  Arthur  Ingram. 
Robert  Ralston,  George  Hepner,  Jesse  J.  Payne,  D.  B.  Hughes,  James  M. 
Clark,  Charles  Whittlesey,  Jonathan  W.  Parker,  Warner  Lewis,  Stephen, 
Hempstead. 

House. — William  Patterson,  Hawkins  Taylor,  Calvin  J.  Price,  James 
Brierly,  James  Hall,  Gideon  S.  Bailey,  Samuel  Parker,  James  W.  Grimes, 
George  Temple,  Van  B.  Delashmutt,  Thomas  Blair,  George  H.  Beeler,^- 
William  G.  Coop,  William  H.  Wallace,  Asbury  B.  Porter,  John  Frierson, 
William  L.  Toole,  Levi  Thornton,  S.  C.  Hastings,  Robert  G.  Roberts,  Laurel 
Summers,!  Jabez  A.  Burchard,  Jr.,  Chauncey  Swan,  Andrew  Bankson,  Thomas 
Cox  and  Hardin  Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding  a  large  majority  of  the  members  of  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature  were  Democrats,  yet  Gen.  Jesse  B.  Browne  (Whig),  of  Lee  County, 
was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and  Hon.  William  H.  Wallace  (Whig),  of 
Henry  County,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives — the  former  unani- 
mously and  the  latter  with  but  little  opposition.     At  that  time,  national  politics 

*  Cyrus  S.  Jacobs,  who  was  elected  for  Des  Moines  County,  was  killed  in  an  unfortunate  encounter  at  Burlington 
before  the  meeting  of  tlie  Legislature,  and  Mr.  Beeler  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

t  Samuel  R.  Murray  was  returned  as  elected  from  Clinton  County,  but  his  seat  was  Buccessfully  contested  by 
Burchard. 


176  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

were  little  heeded  by  the  people  of  the  new  Territory,  but  in  1840,  during  the 
Presidential  campaign,  party  lines  were  strongly  drawn. 

At  the  election  in  September,  1838,  for  members  of  the  Legislature,  a  Con- 
gressional Delegate  was  also  elected.  There  were  four  candidates,  viz. :  William 
W.  Chapman  and  David  Rohrer,  of  Des  Moines  County ;  B.  F.  Wallace,  of 
Henry  County,  and  P.  H.  Engle,  of  Dubuque  County.  Chapman  was  elected, 
receiving  a  majority  of  thirty-six  over  Engle. 

The  first  session  of  the  Iowa  Territorial  Legislature  was  a  stormy  and  excit- 
ing one.  By  the  organic  law,  the  Governor  was  clothed  with  almost  unlimited 
veto  power.  Governor  Lucas  seemed  disposed  to  make  free  use  of  it,  and  the 
independent  Hawkeyes  could  not  quietly  submit  to  arbitrary  and  absolute  rule, 
and  the  result  was  an  unpleasant  controversy  betAveen  the  Executive  and  Legis- 
lative departments.  Congress,  however,  by  act  approved  March  3,  1839, 
amended  the  organic  hiw  by  restricting  the  veto  power  of  the  Governor  to  the 
two-thirds  rule,  and  took  from  him  the  power  to  appoint  Sheriffs  and  Magistrates. 

Among  the  first  important  matters  demanding  attention  was  the  location  of 
the  seat  of  government  and  provision  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings,  for 
which  Congress  had  appropriated  $20,000.  Governor  Lucas,  in  his  message, 
had  recommended  the  appointment  of  Commissioners,  with  a  view  to  making  a 
central  location.  The  extent  of  the  future  State  of  Iowa  was  not  known  or 
thought  of  Only  on  a  strip  of  land  fifty  miles  wide,  bordering  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  was  the  Indian  title  extinguished,  and  a  central  location  meant  some 
central  point  in  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase.  The  friends  of  a  central  location 
supported  the  Governor's  suggestion.  The  southern  members  were  divided 
between  Burlington  and  Mount  Pleasant,  but  finally  united  on  the  latter  as  the 
proper  location  for  the  seat  of  government.  The  central  and  southern  parties 
were  very  nearly  equal,  and,  in  consequence,  much  excitement  prevailed.  The 
central  party  at  last  triumphed,  and  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1839,  an  act 
was  passed,  appointing  Chauncey  Swan,  of  Dubuque  County ;  John  Ronalds, 
of  Louisa  County,  and  Robert  Ralston,  of  Des  Moines  County,  Commissioners, 
to  select  a  site  for  a  permanent  seat  of  Government  within  the  limits  of  John- 
son County. 

Johnson  County  had  been  created  by  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of 
Wisconsin,  approved  December  21,  1837,  and  organized  by  act  passed  at  the 
special  session  at  Burlington  in  June,  1838,  the  organization  to  date  from  July 
4th,  following.  Napoleon,  on  the  Iowa  River,  a  few  miles  below  the  future 
Iowa  City,  was  designated  as  the  county  seat,  temporarily. 

Then  there  existed  good  reason  for  locating  the  capital  in  the  county.  The 
Territory  of  Iowa  was  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  British  Possessions  ;  east,  by 
the  Mississippi  River  to  its  source;  thence  by  a  line  drawn  due  north  to  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  United  States;  south,  by  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  west, 
by  the  Missouri  and  Wliite  Earth  Rivers.  But  this  immense  territory  was  in  un- 
disputed possession  of  the  Indians,  except  a  strip  on  the  Mississippi,  known  as 
the  Black  Hawk  Purchase.  Johnson  County  was,  from  north  to  south,  in  the 
geographical  center  of  tliis  purchase,  and  as  near  the  east  and  west  geographical 
center  of  the  future  State  of  Iowa  as  could  then  be  made,  as  the  boundary  line 
between  the  lands  of  the  United  States  and  the  Indians,  established  by  the 
treaty  of  October  21,  1837,  was  immediately  west  of  the  county  limits. 

Tlie  Commissioners,  after  selecting  the  site,  were  directed  to  lay  out  640 
acres  into  a  town,  to  bo  caUed  Iowa  City,  and  to  proceed  to  sell  lots  and  erect 
public  buildings  thereon,  Congress  liaving  granted  a  section  of  land  to  be 
selected  by  the  Territory  for  this  purpose.     The  Commissioners  met  at  Napo- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  17T 

leon,  Johnson  County,  May  1,  1839,  selected  for  a  site  Section  10,  in  Town- 
ship 79  North  of  Range  6  West  of  the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian,  and  immedi- 
ately surveyed  it  and  laid  oif  the  town.  The  first  sale  of  lots  took  place  August 
16,  1839.  The  site  selected  for  the  public  buildings  was  a  little  west  of  the 
geographical  center  of  the  section,  where  a  square  of  ten  acres  on  the  elevated 
grounds  overlooking  the  river  was  reserved  for  the  purpose.  The  capitol  is 
located  in  the  center  of  this  square.  The  second  Territorial  Legislature,  which 
assembled  in  November,  1839,  passed  an  act  requiring  tlie  Commissioners  to 
adopt  such  plan  for  the  building  that  the  aggregate  cost  when  complete  should 
not  exceed  $51,000,  and  if  they  had  already  adopted  a  plan  involving  a  greater 
expenditure  they  were  directed  to  abandon  it.  Plans  for  the  building  were  designed 
and  drawn  by  Mr.  John  F.  Rague,  of  Springfield,  111.,  and  on  the  4th  day  of  July, 
1840,  the  corner  stone  of  the  edifice  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 
Samuel  C.  Trowbridge  was  Marshal  of  the  day,  and  Gov.  Lucas  delivered  the 
address  on  that  occasion. 

When  the  Legislature  assembled  at  Burlington  in  special  session,  July  13, 
1840,  Gov.  Lucas  announced  that  on  the  4th  of  that  month  he  had  visited  Iowa 
City,  and  found  the  basement  of  the  capitol  nearly  completed.  A  bill  author- 
izing a  loan  of  $20,000  for  the  building  was  passed,  January  15,  1841,  the 
unsold  lots  of  Iowa  City  being  the  security  offered,  but  only  $5,500  was 
obtained  under  the  act. 

THE  BOUNDARY  QUESTION. 

The  boundary  line  between  the  Territory  of  Iowa  and  the  State  of  Missouri 
was  a  difficult  question  to  settle  in  1838,  in  consequence  of  claims  arising  from 
taxes  and  titles,  and  at  one  time  civil  war  was  imminent.  In  defining  the 
boundaries  of  the  counties  bordering  on  Missouri,  the  Iowa  authorities  had  fixed 
a  line  that  has  since  been  established  as  the  boundary  between  Iowa  and  Mis- 
souri. The  Constitution  of  Missouri  defined  her  northern  boundary  to  be  the 
parallel  of  latitude  which  passes  through  the  rapids  of  the  Des  Moines  River. 
The  lower  rapids  of  the  Mississippi  immediately  above  the  ixiouth  of  the  Des 
Moines  River  had  always  been  known  as  the  Des  Moines  Rapids,  or  "the 
rapids  of  the  Des  Moines  River."  The  Missourians  (evidently  not  w^ell  versed 
in  history  or  geography)  insisted  on  running  the  northern  boundary  line  from 
the  rapids  in  the  Des  Moines  River,  just  below  Keosauqua,  thus  taking  from 
Iowa  a  strip  of  territory  eight  or  ten  miles  Avide.  Assuming  this  as  her 
northern  boundary  line,  Missouri  attempted  to  exercise  jurisdiction  over  the 
disputed  territory  by  assessing  taxes,  and  sending  her  Sheriffs  to  collect  them  by 
distraining  the  personal  property  of  the  settlers.  The  lowans,  however,  were 
not  disposed  to  submit,  and  the  Missouri  officials  were  arrested  by  the  Sheriffs 
of  Davis  and  Van  Buren  Counties  and  confined  in  jail.  Gov.  Boggs,  of 
Missouri,  called  out  his  militia  to  enforce  the  claim  and  sustain  the  officers  of 
Missouri.  Gov.  Lucas  called  out  the  militia  of  Iowa,  and  both  parties  made 
active  preparations  for  war.  In  Iowa,  about  1,200  men  were  enlisted,  and 
500  were  actually  armed  and  encamped  in  Van  Buren  County,  ready  to  defend 
the  integrity  of  the  Territory.  Subsequently,  Gen.  A.  C.  Dodge,  of  Burlington, 
Gen.  Churchman,  of  Dubuque,  and  Dr.  Clark,  of  Fort  Madison,  were  sent  to 
Missouri  as  envoys  plenipotentiary,  to  effect,  if  possible,  a  peaceable  adjustment 
of  the  difficulty.  Upon  their  arrival,  they  found  that  the  County  Commissioners 
of  Clarke  County,  Missouri,  had  rescinded  their  order  for  the  collection  of  the  taxes, 
and  that  Gov.  Boggs  had  despatched  messengers  to  the  Governor  of  Iowa  proposing 


178  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

to  submit  an  agreed  case  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
final  settlement  of  the  boundary  question.  This  proposition  was  declined,  but 
afterward  Congress  authorized  a  suit  to  settle  the  controversy,  Avhich  was  insti- 
tuted, and  which  resulted  in  a  judgment  for  Iowa.  Under  this  decision, 
William  G.  Miner,  of  Missouri,  and  Henry  B.  Hendershott  were  appointed 
Commissioners  to  survey  and  establish  the  boundary.  Mr.  Nourse  remarks 
that  "  the  expenses  of  the  war  on  the  part  of  Iowa  were  never  paid,  either  by 
the  United  States  or  the  Territorial  Government.  The  patriots  Avho  furnished 
supplies  to  the  troops  had  to  l)ear  the  cost  and  charges  of  the  struggle." 

The  first  legislative  assembly  laid  the  broad  foundation  of  civil  equality,  on 
which  has  been  constructed  one  of  the  most  liberal  governments  in  the  Union. 
Its  first  act  was  to  recognize  the  equality  of  woman  with  man  before  the  law  by 
providing  that  "  no  action  commenced  by  a  single  woman,  who  intermarries 
during  the  pendency  thereof,  shall  abate  on  account  of  such  marriage."  This  prin- 
ciple has  been  adopted  by  all  subsequent  legislation  in  Iowa,  and  to-day  woman 
has  full  and  equal  civil  rights  with  man,  except  only  the  right  of  the  ballot. 

Religious  toleration  was  also  secured  to  all,  personal  liberty  strictly  guarded, 
the  rights  and  privileges  of  citizenship  extended  to  all  white  persons,  and  the 
purity  of  elections  secured  by  heavy  penalties  against  bribery  and  corruption. 
The  judiciary  power  was  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Court,  Probate 
Court,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace.  Real  estate  was  made  divisible  by  will,  and 
intestate  property  divided  equitably  among  heirs.  IMurder  Avas  made  punishable 
by  death,  and  proportionate  penalties  fixed  for  lesser  crimes.  A  system  of  free 
schools,  open  for  every  class  of  white  citizens,  was  established.  Provision  was 
made  for  a  system  of  roads  and  highways.  Thus  under  the  territorial  organi- 
zation, the  country  began  to  emerge  from  a  savage  wilderness,  and  take  on  the 
forms  of  civil  government. 

By  act  of  Congress  of  June  12,  1838,  the  lands  which  had  been  purchased 
of  the  Indians  were  brought  into  market,  and  land  offices  opened  in  Dubuque 
and  Burlington.  Congress  provided  for  military  roads  and  bridges,  which 
greatly  aided  the  settlers,  who  were  now  coming  in  by  thousands,  to  make  their 
homes  on  the  fertile  prairies  of  Iowa — "  the  Beautiful  Land."  The  fame  of  the 
country  had  spread  far  and  wide;  even  before  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished, 
many  were  crowding  the  borders,  impatient  to  cross  over  and  stake  out  their 
claims  on  the  choicest  spots  they  could  find  in  the  new  Territory.  As 
soon  as  the  country  was  open  for  settlement,  the  borders,  the  Black  Hawk 
Purchase,  all  along  the  INIississipi,  and  up  the  principal  rivers  and  streams,  and 
out  over  the  broad  and  rolling  prairies,  began  to  be  thronged  with  eager  land 
hunters  and  immigrants,  seeking  homes  in  Iowa.  It  was  a  sight  to  delight  the 
eyes  of  all  comers  from  every  land — its  noble  streams,  beautiful  and  picturesque 
hills  and  valleys,  broad  and  fertile  prairies  extending  as  far  as  the  eye  could 
reach,  with  a  soil  surpassing  in  richness  anything  which  they  had  ever  seen.  It 
is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  immigration  into  Iowa  was  rapid,  and  that  within 
less  than  a  decade  from  the  organization  of  the  Territory,  it  contained  a  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  people. 

As  rapidly  as  the  In<lian  titles  were  extinguished  and  the  original  owners 
removed,  the  resistless  tide  of  emigration  flow'ed  westward.  The  following  extract 
from  Judge  Nourse's  Centennial  Address  shows  how  the  immigrants  gathered 
on  the  Indian  boundary,  ready  for  the  removal  of  the  barrier : 

In  obedience  to  our  progressive  and  aggressive  spirit,  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
made  another  treaty  with  ttie  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  on  the  11th  day  of  August,  1842,  for  the 
remaining  portion  of  their  land  in  lowra.     The  treaty  provided  that  the  Indians  should   retain 


IIISTORV  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  179 

possession  of  all  the  lands  thus  ceiled  until  May  1,  1843,  and  should  occupy  that  portion  of  the 
ceded  territory  west  of  a  line  runnino;  north  and  south  through  Redrock,  until  October  11,  184-3. 
These  tribes,  at  this  time,  had  their  principal  village  at  Ot-tum-wa-no,  now  called  Ottumwa.  As 
soon  as  it  became  known  that  the  treaty  had  been  concluded,  there  was  a  rush  of  immigration  to 
Iowa,  and  a  great  number  of  temporary  settlements  were  matle  near  the  Indian  boundary,  wait- 
ing for  the  1st  day  of  May.  As  the  day  approached,  hundi-eds  of  families  encamped  along  the 
line,  and  their  tents  and  wagons  gave  the  scene  the  appearance  of  a  military  expedition.  The 
country  beyond  had  been  thoroughly  explored,  but  the  United  States  military  authorities  had 
prevented  any  settlement  or  even  the  making  out  of  claims  by  any  monuments  whatever. 

To  aid  them  in  making  out  their  claims  when  the  hour  should  arrive,  the  settlers  had  placed 
piles  of  dry  wood  on  the  rising  ground,  at  convenient  distances,  and  a  short  time  before  twelve 
o'clock  of  the  night  of  the  30th  of  April,  these  were  lighted,  and  when  the  midnight  hour  arrived, 
it  was  announced  by  the  discharge  of  firearms.  Tiie  night  was  dark,  but  this  army  of  occupa- 
tion pressed  forward,  torch  in  hand,  with  axe  and  hatchet,  blazing  lines  with  all  manner  of 
curves  and  angles.  When  daylight  came  and  revealed  the  confusion  of  these  wonderful  surveys, 
numerous  disputes  arose,  settled  generally  by  compromise,  but  sometimes  by  violence  Between 
midnight  of  the  30th  of  April  and  sundown  of  the  1st  of  May,  over  one  thousand  families  had 
settled  on  their  new  purchase. 

While  this  scene  was  transpiring,  the  retreating  Indians  were  enacting  one  more  impressive 
and  melancholy.  The  Winter  of  1842-43  was  one  of  unusual  severity,  and  the  Indian  prophet, 
who  had  disapproved  of  the  treaty,  attributed  the  severity  of  the  Winter  to  the  anger  of  the  Great 
Spirit,  because  they  had  sold  their  country.  Many  religious  rites  were  performed  to  atone  for 
the  crime.  When  the  time  for  leaving  Ot-tum-wa-no  arrived,  a  solemn  silence  pervaded  the  Indian 
camp,  and  the  faces  of  their  stoutest  men  were  bathed  in  tears;  and  when  their  cavalcade  was 
put  in  motion,  toward  the  setting  sun,  there  was  a  spontaneous  outburst  of  frantic  grief  from  the 
entire  procession. 

The  Indians  remained  the  appointed  time  beyond  the  line  running  north  and  south  through 
Redrock.  The  government  established  a  trading  post  and  military  encampment  at  the  Raccoon 
Fork  of  the  Des  iSIoines  River,  then  and  for  many  years  known  as  Fort  Des  Moines.  Here  the 
red  man  lingered  until  the  11th  of  October,  1845,  when  the  same  scene  that  we  have  before 
described  was  re-enacted,  and  tlie  wave  of  immigration  swept  over  the  remainder  of  the  "  New 
Purchase."  The  lands  thus  occupied  and  claimed  by  the  settlers  still  belonged  in  fee  to  the  Gen- 
eral Government.  The  surveys  were  not  completed  until  some  time  after  the  Indian  title  was 
extinguished.  After  their  survey,  the  lands  were  publicly  proclaimed  or  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction.  Under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  a  pre-emption  or  exclusive  right  to  purchase 
public  lands  could  not  be  acquired  until  after  the  lands  had  thus  been  publicly  offered  and  not 
sold  for  want  of  bidders.  Then,  and  not  until  then,  an  occupant  making  improvements  in  good 
faith  might  acquire  a  right  over  others  to  enter  the  land  at  the  minimum  price  of  $1.2-3  per 
acre.  The  "  claim  laws"  were  unknown  to  the  United  States  statutes.  They  originated  in  the 
"  eternal  fitness  of  things  "  and  were  enforced,  probably,  as  belonging  to  that  class  of  natural 
rights  not  enumerated  in  the  constitution,  and  not  impaired  or  disparaged  by  its  enumeration. 

The  settlers  organized  in  every  settlement  prior  to  the  public  land  sales,  appointed  officers, 
and  adopted  iheir  own  rules  and  regulations.  Each  man's  claim  was  duly  ascertained  and 
recorded  by  the  Secretary.  It  was  the  duty  of  all  to  attend  the  sales.  The  Secretary  bid  off"  the 
lands  of  each  settler  at  ,$1.25  per  acre.  The  others  were  there,  to  see,  first,  that  he  did  his  duty 
and  bid  in  the  land,  and,  secondly,  to  see  that  no  one  else  bid.  This,  of  course,  sometimes  led  to 
trouble,  but  it  saved  the  excitement  of  competition,  and  gave  a  formality  and  degree  of  order 
and  regularity  to  the  proceedings  they  would  not  otherwise  have  attained.  As  far  as  practicable, 
the  Territorial  Legislature  recognized  the  validity  of  these  "  claims  "  upon  the  public  lands,  and 
in  1839  passed  an  act  legalizing  their  sale  and  making  their  transfer  a  valid  consideration  to  sup- 
port a  promise  to  pay  for  the  same.  (Acts  of  1843,  p.  436).  The  Supreme  Territorial  Court 
held  this  law  to  be  valid.  (See  Hill  v.  Smith,  1st  Morris  Rep.  70).  The  opinion  not  only  con- 
tains a  decision  of  the  question  involved,  but  also  contains  much  valuable  erudition  upon  that 
"  spirit  of  Anglo-Saxon  liberty"  which  the  Iowa  settlers  unquestionably  inherited  in  a  direct 
line  of  descent  from  the  said  "  Anglo-Saxons."  But  the  early  settler  was  not  always  able  to  pay 
even  this  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  per  acre  for  his  land. 

Many  of  the  settlers  had  nothing  to  begin  with,  save  their  hands,  health  and 
courage  and  their  family  jewels,  "the  pledges  of  love,"  and  the  "  consumers  of 
bread."  It  was  not  so  easy  to  accumulate  money  in  the  early  days  of  the  State, 
and  the  "beautiful  prairies,"  the  "noble  streams,"  and  all  that  sort  of  poetic 
imagery,  did  not  prevent  the  early  settlers  from  becoming  discouraged. 

An  old  settler,  in  speaking  of  the  privations  and  trials  of  those  early  days, 
says : 

Well  do  the  "old  settlers  '  of  Iowa  remember  the  days  from  the  first  settlement  to  1840. 
Those  were  days  of  sadness  and  distress.     The  endearments  of  home  in  another  laud  had  been 


180  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

troken  up;  and  all  that  was  hallowed  on  earth,  the  home  of  childhood  and  the  scenes  of  youth, 
we  severed  ;  and  we  sat  down  by  the  gentle  waters  of  our  noble  river,  and  often  "  hung  our  harps 
on  the  willows." 

Another,  from  another  part  of  the  State,  testifies : 

There  was  no  such  thing  as  getting  money  for  any  kind  of  labor.  I  laid  brick  at  $3.00 
per  thousand,  and  took  my  pay  in  anything  I  could  eat  or  wear.  1  built  the  first  Methodist 
Church  at  Keokuk,  42x60  feet,  of  brick,  for  ?G00,  and  took  my  pay  in  a  subscription  paper,  part 
of  whicli  I  never  collected,  and  upon  whicli  I  only  received  $-50  00  in  money.  Wheat  was  hauled 
100  miles  from  the  interior,  and  sold  for  oil  cents  per  bushel. 

Another  old  settler,  speaking  of  a  later  period,  1843,  says : 

Land  and  everything  had  gone  down  in  value  to  almost  nominal  prices.  Corn  and  oats 
could  be  bought  for  six  or  ten  cents  a  bushel ;  pork,  $1.00  per  hundred  ;  and  the  best  horse  a 
man  could  raise  sold  lor  $50.00,  Nearly  all  were  in  debt,  and  the  Sheriff  and  Constable,  with 
legal  processes,  were  common  visitors  at  almost  every  man's  door.  These  were  indeed  "the  times 
that  tried  men's  souls." 

"A  few,"  says  Mr.  Nourse,  "who  were  not  equal  to  the  trial,  returned  to 
their  old  homes,  but  such  as  had  the  courage  and  faith  to  be  the  worthy  founders 
of  a  great  State  remained,  to  more  than  realize  the  fruition  of  their  hopes,  and 
the  reward  of  their  self-denial." 

On  Monday,  December  6,  1841,  the  fourth  Legislative  Assembly  met,  at 
the  new  capital,  Iowa  City,  but  the  capitol  building  could  not  be  used,  and  the 
Legislature  occupied  a  temporary  frame  house,  that  had  been  erected  for  that 
purpose,  during  the  session  of  1841-2.  At  this  session,  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Buildings  (who,  with  the  Territorial  Agent,  had  superseded  the  Commis- 
sioners first  appointed),  estimated  the  expense  of  completing  the  building  at 
^83,330,  and  that  rooms  for  the  use  of  the  Legislature  could  be  completed  for 
!$15,600. 

During  1842,  the  Superintendent  commenced  obtaining  stone  from  a  new" 
quarry,  about  ten  miles  northeast  of  the  city.  This  is  now  known  as  the  ''  Old 
Capitol  Quarry,"  and  contains,  it  is  thought,  an  immense  quantity  of  excellent 
building  stone.  Here  all  the  stone  for  completing  the  building  was  obtained, 
and  it  was  so  far  completed,  that  on  the  5th  day  of  December,  1842,  the  Legis- 
lature assembled  in  the  new  capitol.  At  this  session,  the  Superintendent  esti- 
mated that  it  would  cost  ^39,143  to  finish  the  building.  This  was  nearly 
$6,000  higher  than  the  estimate  of  the  previous  year,  notwithstanding  a  large 
sura  had  been  expended  in  the  meantime.  This  rather  discouraging  dit-crep- 
ancy  was  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  ofiicers  in  charge  of  the  work  were 
constantly  short  of  funds.  Except  the  congressional  appropriation  of  $20,000 
and  the  loan  of  $5,500,  obtained  from  the  Miners'  Bank,  of  Dubuque,  all  the 
funds  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work  were  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  city 
lots  (which  did  not  sell  very  rapidly),  from  certificates  of  indebtedness,  and  from 
scrip,  based  upon  unsold  lots,  which  was  to  be  received  in  payment  for  such  lots 
when  they  were  sold.  At  one  time,  the  Superintendent  made  a  requisition  for 
bills  of  iron  and  glass,  which  could  not  be  obtained  nearer  than  St.  Louis.  To 
meet  this,  the  Agent  sold  some  lots  tor  a  draft,  payable  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  for 
which  he  was  compelled  to  pay  twenty-five  per  cent,  exchange.  This  draft, 
amounting  to  $507,  that  officer  reported  to  be  more  than  one-half  the  cash 
actually  handled  by  him  during  the  entire  season,  when  the  disbursements 
amounted  to  very  nearly  $24,000. 

With  such  uncertainty,  it  could  not  be  expected  that  estimates  could  be  very 
accurate.  With  all  these  disadvantages,  however,  the  work  appears  to  have 
been  prudently  prosecuted,  and  as  rapidly  as  circumstances  would  permit. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  181 

Iowa  remained  a  Territory  from  1838  to  184G,  during  which  the  office  of 
^Governor  was  hekl  by  Robert  Lucas,  John  Chambers  and  James  Clarke. 


STATE  ORGANIZATION. 

By  an  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Iowa,  approved  February  12, 

1844,  the  question  of  the  formation  of  a  State  Constitution  and  providing  for 
the  election  of  Delegates  to  a  convention  to  be  convened  for  that  purpose  was 
submitted  to  the  people,  to  be  voted  upon  at  their  township  elections  in  April 
following.  The  vote  was  largely  in  favor  of  the  measure,  and  the  Delegates 
elected  assembled  in  convention  at  Iowa  City,  on  the  7th  of  October,  1844. 
On  the  first  day  of  November  following,  the  convention  completed  its  work  and 
adopted  the  first  State  Constitution. 

The  President  of  the  convention,  Hon.  Shepherd  Leffler,  was  instructed  to 
transmit  a  certified  copy  of  this  Constitution  to  the  Delegate  in  Congress,  to  be 
by  him  submitted  to  that  body  at  the  earliest  practicable  day.  It  was  also  pro- 
vided that  it  should  be  submitted,  together  with  any  conditions  or  changes  that 
might  be  made  by  Congress,  to  the  people  of  the  Territory,  for  their  approval 
or  rejection,  at  the  township  election  in  April,  1845. 

The  boundaries  of  the  State,  as  defined  by  this  Constitution,  were  as  fol- 
lows : 

Beginning  in  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  mouth  of  the 
Des  Moines  River,  thence  up  the  said  river  Des  Moines,  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel 
thereof,  to  a  point  where  it  is  intersected  by  the  Old  Indian  Boundary  line,  or  line  run  by  John 
C.  Sullivan,  in  the  year  1816  ;  thence  westwardly  along  said  line  to  the  "  old  "  northwest  corner 
of  Missouri ;  thence  due  west  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Missouri  River  ;  thence 
up  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  river  last  mentioned  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sioux  or 
Calumet  River;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  St.  Peters  River, 
where  the  Watonwan  River — according  to  Nicollet's  map — enters  the  same;  thence  down  the 
middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi 
River ;  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  said  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

These  boundaries  were  rejected  by  Congress,  but  by  act  approved  March  3, 

1845,  a  State  called  Iowa  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  provided  the  people 
accepted  the  act,  bounded  as  follows : 

Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  the  middle  of  the  jMississippi,  thence 
by  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  that  river  to  a  parallel  of  latitude  passing  through  the  mouth  of 
the  Mankato  or  Blue  Earth  River;  thence  west,  along  said  parallel  of  latitude,  to  a  point  where 
it  is  intersected  by  a  meridian  line  seventeen  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  west  of  tlie  meridian 
of  Washington  City  ;  thence  due  south,  to  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  State  of  Missouri; 
thence  eastwardly,  following  that  boundary  to  the  point  at  which  the  same  intersects  the  Des 
Moines  River  ;  thence  by  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  that  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

These  boundaries,  had  they  been  accepted,  would  have  placed  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  State  about  tliirty  miles  north  of  its  present  location,  and  would 
have  deprived  it  of  the  Missouri  slope  and  the  boundary  of  that  river.  The 
"western  boundary  Avould  have  been  near  the  west  line  of  what  is  now  Kossuth 
County.  But  it  was  not  so  to  be.  In  consequence  of  this  radical  and  unwel- 
come change  in  the  boundaries,  the  people  refused  to  accept  the  act  of  Congress 
and  rejected  the  Constitution  at  the  election,  held  August  4,  1845,  by  a  vote  of 
7,656  to  7,235. 

A  second  Constitutional  Convention  assembled  at  Iowa  City  on  the  4th  day 
of  May,  1846,  and  on  the  18th  of  the  same  month  another  Constitution  for  the 
new  State  Avith  the  present  boundaries,  was  adopted  and  submitted  to  the  people 
for  ratification  on  the  3d  day  of  August  following,  -when  it  was  accepted  ;  9,492 
votes  were  cast  "for  the  Constitution,"  and  9,036  "against  the  Constitution." 


182  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  Constitution  was  approved  by  Congress,  and  by  act  of  Congress  approved 
December  28,  1846,  Iowa  Avas  admitted  as  a  sovereign  State  in  the  American 
Union. 

Prior  to  this  action  of  Congress,  however,  the  people  of  the  new  State  lield 
an  election  under  the  new  Constitution  on  the  26th  day  of  October,  and  elected 
Oresel  Briggs,  Governor  ;  Elisha  Cutler,  Jr.,  Secretary  of  State  ;  Joseph  T. 
Fales,  Auditor ;  ISIorgan  Reno,  Treasurer  ;  and  members  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives. 

At  this  time  there  were  twenty-seven  organized  counties  in  the  State,  with 
a  population  of  nearly  100,000,  and  the  frontier  settlements  were  rapidly  push- 
ing toward  the  Missouri  River.     The  Mormons  had  already  reached  there. 

The  first  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Iowa  Avas  composed  of  nineteen 
Senators  and  forty  Representatives.  It  assembled  at  Iowa  City,  November  30,. 
1846,  about  a  month  before  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Union. 

At  the  first  session  of  the  State  Legislature,  the  Treasurer  of  State  reported 
that  the  capitol  building  was  in  a  very  exposed  condition,  liable  to  injury  from. 
storms,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  some  provision  would  be  made  to  complete 
it,  at  least  sufficiently  to  protect  it  from  the  weather.  The  General  Assembly 
responded  by  appropriating  $2,500  for  the  completion  of  the  public  buildings. 
At  the  first  session  also  arose  the  question  of  the  re-location  of  the  capital.  The 
western  boundary  of  the  State,  as  now  determined,  left  Iowa  City  too  far  toward 
the  eastern  and  southern  boundary  of  the  State ;  this  was  conceded.  Congress 
had  appropriated  five  sections  of  land  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings,  and 
toward  the  close  of  the  session  a  bill  was  introduced  providing  for  the  re-location 
of  the  seat  of  government,  involving  to  some  extent  the  location  of  the  State 
University,  which  had  already  been  discussed.  This  bill  gave  rise  to  a  deal  of 
discussion  and  parliamentary  maneuvering,  almost  purely  sectional  in  its  cliaracter. 
It  provided  for  the  appointment  of  three  Commissioners,  who  were  authorized  ta 
make  a  location  as  near  the  geographical  center  of  the  State  as  a  healthy  and 
eligible  site  could  be  obtained ;  to  select  the  five  sections  of  land  donated  by 
Congress  ;  to  survey  and  plat  into  town  lots  not  exceeding  one  section  of  the 
land  so  selected  ;  to  sell  lots  at  public  sale,  not  to  exceed  two  in  each  block. 
Having  done  tliis,  they  were  then  required  to  suspend  further  operations,  and 
make  a  report  of  their  proceedings  to  the  Governor.  The  bill  passed  both 
Houses  by  decisive  votes,  received  the  signature  of  the  Governor,  and  became  a 
law.  Soon  after,  by  "  An  act  to  locate  and  establish  a  State  University," 
approved  February  25,  1847,  the  unfinished  public  buildings  at  Iowa  City, 
together  with  the  ten  acres  of  land  on  which  they  Avere  situated,  were  granted 
for  the  use  of  the  University,  reserving  their  use,  however,  by  the  General 
Assembly  and  the  State  officers,  until  other  provisions  were  made  by  law. 

The  Commissioners  forthwith  entered  upon  their  duties,  and  selected  four 
sections  and  two  half  sections  in  Jasper  County.  Two  of  these  sections  are  in 
what  is  now  Des  Moines  Township,  and  the  others  in  Fairview  ToAvnship,  in  the 
southern  part  of  that  county.  These  lands  are  situated  betAveen  Prairie  City 
and  Monroe,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  Avhich  runs  diagonally 
through  tliem.  Here  a  town  Avas  platted,  called  Monroe  City,  and  a  sale  of 
lots  took  place.  Four  hundred  and  fifteen  lots  Avere  sold,  at  prices  that  were 
not  considered  remarkably  remunerative.  The  cash  payments  (one-fourth) 
amounted  to  $1, 71)7. 43,  Aviiile  tlie  expenses  of  the  sale  and  the  claims  of  the- 
Commissioners  for  servi'.-es  amounted  to  $2,206.57.  The  Commissioners  made 
a  report  of  their  proceedings  to  the  Governor,  as  required  by  law,  but  the  loca- 
tion Avas  generally  condemned. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  183 

When  the  report  of  the  Commissioners,  showing  this  brilliant  financial  ope- 
ration, had  been  read  in  tlie  House  of  Representatives,  at  tlie  next  session,  and 
-while  it  was  under  consideration,  an  indignant  member,  afterward  known  as 
the  eccentric  Judge  McFarland,  moved  to  refer  the  report  to  a  select  Committee 
of  Five,  with  instructions  to  report  "  how  much  of  said  city  of  Monroe  was  under 
water  and  how  much  was  burned."  The  report  was  referred,  without  the 
instructions,  however,  but  Monroe  City  never  became  the  seat  of  government. 
By  an  act  approved  January  15,  1849,  the  law  by  which  the  location  had  been 
made  was  repealed  and  the  new  town  was  vacated,  the  money  paid  by  purclias- 
■.ers  of  lots  being  refunded  to  them.  This,  of  course,  retained  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment at  Iowa  City,  and  precluded,  for  the  time,  the  occupation  of  the  building 
and  grounds  by  the  University. 

At  the  same  session,  $3,000  more  were  appropriated  for  completing  the 
State  building  at  Iowa  City.  In  1852,  the  further  sum  of  $5,000,  and  in  1854 
J$4,000  more  were  apppropriated  for  the  same  purpose,  making  the  whole  cost 
^$123,000,  paid  partly  by  the  General  Government  and  partly  by  the  State,  but 
principally  from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lots  in  Iowa  City. 

But  the  question  of  the  permanent  location  of  the  seat  of  government  was 
not  settled,  and  in  1851  bills  were  introduced  for  the  removal  of  the  capital  to 
Pella  and  to  Fort  Des  Moines.  The  latter  appeared  to  have  the  support  of  the 
majority,  but  was  finally  lost  in  the  House  on  the  question  of  ordering  it  to  its 
third  reading. 

At  the  next  session,  in  1853,  a  bill  was  introduced  in  the  Senate  for  the 
Temoval  of  the  seat  of  government  to  Fort  Des  Moines,  and,  on  final  vote, 
-was  just  barely  defeated.  At  the  next  session,  however,  the  effort  was  more 
.successful,  and  on  the  15th  day  of  January,  1855,  a  bill  re-locating  the  capital 
•within  two  miles  of  the  Raccoon  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines,  and  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  Commissioners,  was  approved  by  Gov.  Grimes.  The  site  was  selected 
in  1856,  in  accordance  -with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  land  being  donated 
to  the  State  by  citizens  and  property-holders  of  Des  Moines.  An  association  of 
•citizens  erected  a  building  for  a  temporary  capitol,  and  leased  it  to  the  State  at 
a,  nominal  rent. 

The  third  Constitutional  Convention  to  revise  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
assembled  at  Iowa  City,  January  19,  1857.  The  new  Constitution  framed  by 
this  convention  was  submitted  to  the  people  at  an  election  held  August  3,  1857, 
when  it  was  approved  and  adopted  by  a  vote  of  40,311  "  for  "  to  38,681 
"  against,"  and  on  the  3d  day  of  September  following  was  declared  by  a  procla- 
mation of  the  Governor  to  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  State  of  Iowa. 

Advised  of  the  completion  of  the  temporary  State  House  at  Des  Moines,  on 
the  19th  of  October  following.  Governor  Grimes  issued  another  proclamation, 
■declaring  the  City  of  Des  Moines  to  be  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Iowa. 

The  removal  of  the  archives  and  offices  was  commenced  at  once  and  con- 
tinued through  the  Fall.  It  was  an  undertakino;  of  no  small  magnitude  ;  there 
was  not  a  mile  of  railroad  to  facilitate  the  work,  and  the  season  was  unusually 
disagreeable.  Rain,  snow  and  other  accompaniments  increased  the  difficulties ; 
and  it  was  not  until  December,  that  the  last  of  the  effects — the  safe  of  the  State 
Treasurer,  loaded  on  two  large  "  bob-sleds  " — drawn  by  ten  yoke  of  oxen  was  de- 
posited in  the  new  capital.  It  is  not  imprudent  now  to  remark  that,  during  this 
passage  over  hills  and  prairies,  across  rivers,  through  bottom  lands  and  timber, 
the  safes  belonging  to  the  several  departments  contained  large  sums  of  money, 
mostly  individual  funds,  however.  Thus,  Iowa  City  ceased  to  be  the  capital  of 
the  State,  after  four  Territorial  Legislatures,  six  State  Legislatures  and  three 


184  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Constitutional  Conventions  had  held  their  sessions  there.  By  the  exchange^ 
the  old  capitol  at  Iowa  City  became  the  seat  of  the  University,  and,  except  the 
rooms  occupied  by  the  United  States  District  Court,  passed  under  the  immedi- 
ate and  direct  control  of  the  Trustees  of  that  institution. 

Des  Moines  was  now  the  permanent  seat^  of  government,  made  so  by  the 
fundamental  law  of  the  State,  and  on  the  11th  day  of  January,  1858,  the 
seventh  General  Assembly  convened  at  the  new  capital.  The  building  used 
for  governmental  purposes  was  purchased  in  1864.  It  soon  became  inadequate 
for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed,  and  it  became  apparent  that  a  new, 
large  and  permanent  State  House  must  be  erected.  In  1870,  the  General 
Assembly  made  an  appropriation  and  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  Board 
of  Commissioners  to  commence  the  work.  The  board  consisted  of  Gov.  Samuel 
Merrill,  ex  officio.  President ;  Grenville  M.  Dodge,  Council  Bluffs ;  James  F. 
Wilson,  Fairfield;  James  Dawson,  Washington;  Simon  G.  Stein,  Muscatine; 
James  0.  Crosby,  Gainsville;  Charles  Dudley,  Agency  City;  John  N.  Dewey, 
Des  Moines ;  William  L.  Joy,  Sioux  City  ;  Alexander  R.  Fulton,  Des  Moines,. 
Secretary. 

The  act  of  1870  provided  that  the  building  should  be  constructed  of  the 
best  material  and  shoukl  be  fire  proof;  to  be  heated  and  ventilated  in  the  most 
approved  manner;  should  contain  suitable  legislative  halls,  rooms  for  State 
officers,  the  judiciary,  library,  committees,  archives  and  the  collections  of  the 
State  Agricultural  Society,  and  for  all  purpoees  of  State  Government,  and 
should  be  erected  on  grounds  held  by  the  State  for  that  purpose.  The  sum  first 
appropriated  was  ^150,000  ;  and  the  law  provided  that  no  contract  should  be 
made,  either  for  constructing  or  furnishing  the  building,  which  should  bind  the' 
State  for  larger  sums  than  those  at  the  time  appropriated.  A  design  was  drawn 
and  plans  and  specifications  furnished  by  Cochrane  &  Piquenard,  architects, 
which  were  accepted  by  the  board,  and  on  the  23d  of  November,  1871,  the  cor- 
ner stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  The  estimated  cost  and  present 
value  of  the  capitol  is  fixed  at  ^2,000,000. 

From  1858  to  1860,  the  Sioux  became  troublesome  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  State.  These  warlike  Indians  made  frequent  plundering, raidsupon 
the  settlers,  and  murdered  several  families.  In  1861,  several  companies  of 
militia  were  ordered  to  that  portion  of  the  State  to  hunt  down  and  punish  the 
murderous  thieves.  No  battles  were  fought,  however,  for  the  Indians  fled 
•when  they  ascertained  that  systematic  and  ade(|[uate  measures  had  been  adopted. 
to  protect  the  settlers. 

"  The  year  1856  marked  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  Iowa.  In  1854,  the* 
Chicago  &  Rock  Island  Railroad  had  been  completed  to  tlie  east  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Davenport.  In  1854,  the  corner  stone  of  a  railroad 
bridge,  that  was  to  be  the  first  to  span  the  "Father  of  Waters,"  was  laid  withi 
appropriate  ceremonies  at  this  point.  St.  Louis  had  resolved  that  the  enter- 
prise was  unconstitutional,  and  by  writs  of  injunction  made  an  unsuccessful 
effort  to  prevent  its  completion.  Twenty  years  later  in  her  history,  St.  Loui» 
repented  her  folly,  and  made  atonement  for  her  sin  by  imitating  our  example. 
On  the  1st  day  of  January,  1856,  this  railroad  was  completed  to  Iowa  City> 
In  the  meantime,  two  other  railroads  had  reached  the  east  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi— one  opposite  Burlington,  and  one  opposite  Dubuque — and  these  were 
being  extended  into  the  interior  of  the  State.  Indeed,  four  lines  of  railroad 
had  been  projected  across  the  State  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Missouri,  hav- 
ing eastern  connections.  On  the  15th  of  May,  1856,  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  passed  an  act  granting  to  the  State,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


185 


railroads,  the  public  lands  in  alternate  sections,  six  miles  on  either  side  of  the 
proposed  lines.  An  extra  session  of  the  General  Assembly  was  called  in  July 
of  this  year,  that  disposed  of  the  grant  to  the  several  companies  that  proposed 
to  complete  these  enterprises.  The  population  of  our  State  at  this  time  had 
increased  to  500,000.  Public  attention  had  been  called  to  the  necessity  of  a 
railroad  across  the  continent.  The  position  of  Iowa,  in  the  very  heart  and 
center  of  the  Republic,  on  the  route  of  this  great  highway  across  the  continent, 
began  to  attract  attention  Cities  and  towns  sprang  up  through  the  State  as 
if  by  magic.  Capital  began  to  pour  into  the  State,  and  had  it  been  employed 
in  developing  our  vast  coal  measures  and  establishing  manufactories  among  us, 
or  if  it  had  been  expended  in  improving  our  lands,  and  building  houses  and 
barns,  it  would  have  been  well.  But  all  were  in  haste  to  get  rich,  and  the 
spirit 'of  speculation  ruled  the  hour. 

"  In  the  meantime,  every  effort  was  made  to  help  the  speedy  completion  of 
the  railroads.  Nearly  every  county  and  city  on  the  Mississippi,  and  many  in 
the  interior,  voted  large  corporate  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  the  railroad 
companies,  and  issued  their  negotiable  bonds  for  the  amount."  Thus  enormous 
county  and  city  debts  were  incurred,  the  payment  of  which  these  municipalities, 
tried  to  avoid  upon  the  plea  that  they  had  exceeded  the  constitutional  limit- 
ation of  their  powers.  The,  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  held  these 
bonds  to  be  valid  ;  and  the  courts  by  mandamus  compelled  the  city  and  county 
authorities  to  levy  taxes  to  pay  the  judgments.  These  debts  are  not  all  paid 
even  yet,  but  the  Avorst  is  over  and  ultimately  the  burden  will  be  entirely 
removed 

The  first  railroad  across  the  State  was  completed  to  Council  Bluffs  in  Jan- 
uary, 1871.  The  others  were  completed  soon  after.  In  1854,  there  was  not 
a  mile  of  railroad  in  the  State.  In  1874,  twenty  years  after,  there  were  3,765 
miles  in  successful  operation. 

GROWTH    AND    PROGRESS. 

When  Wisconsin  Territory  was  organized,  in  1836,  the  entire  population  of 
that  portion  of  the  Territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of  Iowa  was  10.531. 
The  Territory  then  embraced  two  counties,  Dubuque  and  Des  Moines,  erected 
by  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  in  1834.  From  1836  to  1838,  the  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Wisconsin  increased  the  number  of  counties  to  sixteen,  and  the 
population  had  increased  to  22,859.  Since  then,  the  counties  have  increased 
to  ninety-nine,  and  the  population,  in  1875,  Avas  1,366,000.  The  following 
table  will  show  the  population  at  different  periods  since  the  erection  of  Iowa 
Territory : 

Year.  Population. 

1852 230,713 

1854 326,013 

1856 519.055 

1859 ....  638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,7:^2 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 

The  most  populous  county  in  the  State  is  Dubuque.  Not  only  in  popula,- 
tion,  but  in  everything  contributing  to  the  growth  and  greatness  of  a  State  has 
Iowa  made  rapid  progress.  In  a  little  more  than  thirty  years,  its  wild  but 
beautiful  prairies  have  advanced  from  the  home  of  the  savage  to  a  highly  civ- 
ilized commonwealth,  embracing  all  the  elements  of  progress  which  characterize 
the  older  States. 


Year.  Population. 

1838 22,589 

1840 43,115 

1844 75,152 

1846 ;i7,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 


Year.  Population. 

1869 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,383 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 


186  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Thriving  cities  and  towns  dot  its  fiiir  surface ;  an  iron  net-work  of  thou- 
sands of  miles  of  railroads  is  woven  over  its  broad  acres ;  ten  thousand  school 
houses,  in  which  more  than  five  hundred  thousand  children  are  being  taught 
the  rudiments  of  education,  testify  to  the  culture  and  liberality  of  the  people; 
high  schools,  colleges  and  universities  are  generously  endowed  by  the  State ; 
manufactories  spring  up  on  all  her  water  courses,  and  in  most  of  her  cities 
and  towns. 

Whether  measured  from  the  date  of  her  first  settlement,  her  organization  as 
a  Territory  or  admission  as  a  State,  Iowa  has  thus  far  shown  a  growth  unsur- 
passed, in  a  similar  period,  by  any  commonwealth  on  the  face  of  the  earth  ; 
and,  with  her  vast  extent  of  fertile  soil,  with  her  inexhaustible  treasures  of 
mineral  wealth,  with  a  healthful,  invigorating  climate ;  an  intelligent,  liberty- 
loving  people;  with  equal,  just  and  liberal  laws,  and  her  free  schools,  the 
future  of  Iowa  may  be  expected  to  surpass  the  most  hopeful  anticipations  of  her 
present  citizens. 

Looking  upon  Iowa  as  she  is  to-day — populous,  prosperous  and  happy — it 
is  hard  to  realize  the  wonderful  changes  that  have  occurred  since  the  first  white 
settlements  were  made  within  her  borders.  When  the  number  of  States  was 
only  twenty-six,  and  their  total  population  about  twenty  millions,  our  repub- 
lican form  of  government  was  hardly  more  than  an  experiment,  just  fairly  put 
upon  trial.  The  development  of  our  agricultural  resources  and  inexhaustible 
mineral  wealth  had  liardly  commenced.  Westward  the  "Star  of  Empire" 
had  scarcely  started  on  its  way.  West  of  the  great  Mississippi  was  a  mighty 
empire,  but  almost  unknown,  and  marked  on  the  maps  of  the  period  as  "  The 
Great  American  Desert." 

Now,  thirty-eight  stars  glitter  on  our  national  escutcheon,  and  forty-five 
millions  of  people,  who  know  their  rights  and  dare  maintain  them,  tread 
American  soil,  and  the  grand  sisterhood  of  States  extends  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  to  the  Canadian  border,  and  from  the  rocky  coast  of  the  Atlantic  to 
the  golden  shores  of  ihe  Pacific. 

THE  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE  AND  FARM. 

Ames,  Story  County. 

The  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College  and  Farm  were  established  by  an  act 
of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  22,  1858.  A  Board  of  Trustees  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  Governor  R.  P.  Lowe,  John  D.  Wright,  William  Duane 
Wilson,  M.  W.  Robinson,  Timothy  Day,  Richard  Gaines,  John  Pattee,  G.  W. 
F.  Sherwin,  Suel  Foster,  S.  W.  Henderson,  Clement  Coffin  and  E.  G.  Day  ; 
the  Governors  of  the  State  and  President  of  the  College  being  ex  officio  mem- 
bers. Subsequently  the  number  of  Trustees  was  reduced  to  five.  The  Board 
met  in  June,  1859,  and  received  propositions  for  the  location  of  the  College  and 
Farm  from  Hardin,  Polk,  Story  and  Boone,  Marshall,  Jefterson  and  Tama 
Counties.  In  July,  the  proposition  of  Story  County  and  some  of  its  citizens 
and  by  the  citizens  of  Boone  County  was  accepted,  and  the  farm  and  the  site 
for  the  buildings  were  located.  In  1860-61,  the  farm-house  and  barn  were 
erected.  In  1862,  Congress  granted  to  the  State  240,000  acres  of  land  for  the 
endowment  of  schools  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanical  arts,  and  195,000  acres 
were  located  by  Peter  Melendy,  Commissioner,  in  1862-3.  George  W.  Bassett 
was  appointed  Land  Agent  for  the  institution.  In  1864,  the  General  Assem- 
bly appropriated  $20,000  for  the  erection  of  the  college  building. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  187 

In  June  of  that  year,  the  Building  Committee,  consisting  of  Suel  Foster, 
Peter  Melendy  and  A.  J.  Bronson,  proceeded  to  let  the  contract.  John  Browne, 
of  Des  Moines,  was  employed  as  architect,  and  furnished  the  plans  of  the  build- 
ing, but  was  superseded  in  its  construction  by  C.  A.  Dunham.  The  $20,000 
appropriated  by  the  General  Assembly  were  expended  in  putting  in  the  foun- 
dations and  making  the  brick  for  the  structure.  An  additional  appropriation 
of  $91,000  was  made  in  1866,  and  the  building  was  completed  in  1868. 

Tuition  in  this  college  is  made  by  law  forever  free  to  pupils  from  the  State 
•over  sixteen  years  of  age,  who  have  been  resident  of  the  State  six  months  pre- 
vious to  their  admission.  Each  county  in  the  State  has  a  prior  right  of  tuition 
for  three  scholars  from  each  county ;  the  remainder,  equal  to  the  capacity  of  the 
college,  are  by  the  Trustees  distributed  among  the  counties  in  proportion  to  the 
population,  and  subject  to  the  above  rule.  All  sale  of  ardent  spirits,  wine  or 
beer  are  prohibited  by  law  within  a  distance  of  three  miles  from  the  college, 
except  for  sacramental,  mechanical  or  medical  purposes. 

The  course  of  instruction  in  the  Agricultural  College  embraces  the  following 
branches:  Natural  Philosophy.  Chemistry, Botany,  Horticulture,  Fruit  Growing, 
Forestry,  Animal  and  Vegetable  Anatomy,  Geology,  Mineralogy,  Meteorology, 
Entomology,  Zoology,  the  Veterinary  Art,  Plane  Mensuration,  Leveling,  Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping,  and  such  Mechanical  Arts  as  are  directly  connected 
with  agriculture  ;  also  such  other  studies  as  the  Trustees  may  from  time  to  time 
prescribe,  not  inconsistent  with  the  purposes  of  the  institution. 

The  funds  arising  from  the  lease  and  sale  of  lands  and  interest  on  invest- 
ments are  sufficient  for  the  support  of  the  institution.  Several  College  Societies 
are  maintained  among  the  students,  who  publish  a  monthly  paper.  There  is 
also  an  "  out-law  "  called  the  "  ATA^  Chapter  Omega." 

The  Board  of  Trustees  in  1877  was  composed  of  C.  W.  Warden,  Ottumwa, 
Chairman ;  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Iowa  City ;  William  B.  Treadway, 
Sioux  City ;  Buel  Sherman,  Fredericksburg,  and  Laurel  Summers,  Le  Claire. 
E.  W.  Starten,  Secretary  ;  William  D.  Lucas,  Treasurer. 

Board  of  Instruction. — A.  S.  Welch,  LL.  D.,  President  and  Professor  of 
Psychology  and  Philosophy  of  Science  ;  Gen.  J.  L.  Geddes,  Professor  of  Mili- 
tary Tactics  and  Engineering;  W.  H.  Wynn,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of 
English  Literature;  C.  E.  Bessey,  M.  S.,  Professor  of  Botany,  Zoology,  Ento- 
mology ;  A.  Thompson,  C.  E.,  Mechanical  Engineering  and  Superintendent  of 
Workshops;  F.  E.  L.  Beal,  B.  S.,  Civil  Engineering;  T.  E.  Pope,  A.  M., 
Chemistry;  M.  Stalker,  Agricultural  and  Veterinary  Science;  J.  L.  Budd, 
Horticulture ;  J.  K.  Macomber,  Physics ;  E.  W.  Stanton,  Mathematics  and 
Political  Economy ;  Mrs.  Margaret  P.  Stanton,  Preceptress,  Instructor  in 
French  and  Mathematics. 

THE  STATE  UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa  City,  Johnson  County. 

In  the  famous  Ordinance  of  1787,  enacted  by  Congress  before  the  Territory 
of  the  United  States  extended  beyond  the  Mississippi  Biver,  it  was  declared 
that  in  all  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  "•  Schools  and  the  means 
of  education  shall  forever  be  encouraged."  By  act  of  Congress,  approved  July 
20,  1840,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was  authorized  "  to  set  apart  and  re- 
serve from  sale,  out  of  any  of  the  public  lands  within  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  to 
which  the  Indian  title  has  been  or  may  be  extinguished,  and  not  otherwise  ap- 
propriated, a  quantity  of  land,  not  exceeding  the  entire  townships,  for  the  use 


188  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

and  support  of  a  university  within  said  Territorry  wlien  it  becomes  a  State,  and 
for  no  other  use  or  purpose  whatever ;  to  be  located  in  tracts  of  not  less  than  an 
entire  section,  corresponding  -with  any  of  the  large  divisions  into  which  the  pub- 
lic land  are  authorized  to  be  surveyed." 

William  W.  Dodge,  of  Scott  County,  was  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  make  the  selections.  He  selected  Section  5  in  Township  78,  north 
of  Range  3,  east  of  the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian,  and  then  removed  from  the 
Territory.  No  more  lands  Avere  selected  until  1846,  when,  at  the  request  of  the 
Assembly,  John  M.  Whitaker  of  Van  Buren  County,  was  appointed,  who  selected 
the  remainder  of  the  grant  except  about  122  acres. 

In  the  first  Constitution,  undeif  which  Iowa  Avas  admitted  to  the  Union,  the 
people  directed  the  disposition  of  the  proceeds  of  this  munificent  grant  in  ac- 
cordance Avitli  its  terms,  and  instructed  the  General  Assembly  to  provide,  as  soon 
as  may  be,  effectual  means  for  the  improvement  and  permanent  security  of  the 
funds  of  the  university  derived  from  the  lands. 

The  first  General  Assembly,  by  act  approved  February  25, 1847,  established 
the  "  State  University  of  Iowa  "  at  Iowa  City,  then  the  capital  of  the  State, 
"with  such  other  branches  as  public  convenience  may  hereafter  require." 
The  "  public  buildings  at  Iowa  City,  together  with  the  ten  acres  of  land  in  which 
they  are  situated,"  Avere  granted  for  the  use  of  said  university,  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature  and  State  offices  should  be  lield  in  the 
capitol  until  otherAvise  provided  by  laAv.  The  control  and  management  of  the 
University  were  committed  to  a  board  of  fifteen  Trustees,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Legislature,  five  of  Avhom  Avere  to  be  chosen  bienially.  The  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  was  made  President  of  this  Board.  Provisions  were  made 
for  the  disposal  of  the  tAvo  townships  of  land,  and  for  the  investment  of  the  funds 
arising  therefrom.  The  act  further  provides  that  the  University  shall  never  be 
under  the  exclusive  control  of  any  religious  denomination  whatever,"  and  as 
soon  as  the  revenue  for  the  grant  and  donations  amounts  to  $2,000  a  year,  the 
University  should  commence  and  continue  the  instruction,  free  of  charge,  of  fifty 
students  annually.  The  General  Assembly  retained  full  supervision  over  the 
University,  its  officers  and  the  grants  and  donations  made  and  to  be  made  to  it 
by  the  State. 

Section  5  of  the  act  appointed  James  P.  Carleton,  H.  T>.  Downey,  Thomas 
Snyder,  Samuel  McCrory,  Curtis  Bates,  Silas  Foster,  E.  C.  Lyon,  James  H. 
GoAver,  George  G.  Vincent,  Wm.  G.  Woodward,  Theolore  S.  Parvin,  George 
Atchinson,  S.  G.  Matson,  H.  W.  Starr  and  Ansel  Briggs,  the  first  Board  of 
Trustees. 

The  organization  of  the  University  at'  Iowa  City  was  impracticable,  how- 
ever, so  long  as  the  seat  of  government  A\'as  retained  there. 

In  January,  1849,  two  branches  of  the  University  and  three  Normal 
Schools  Avere  established.  The  branches  were  located — one  at  Fairfield,  and 
the  other  at  Dubuque,  and  Avere  placed  upon  an  equal  footing,  in  respect  to 
funds  and  all  other  matters,  with  the  University  established  at  Iowa  City. 
"Tiiis  act,"  says  Col.  Benton,  "created  three  State  Universities,  Avith  equal 
rights  and  poAvers,  instead  of  a  'University  Avith  such  branches  as  public  conven- 
ience ma)/  hereafter  demand,'  as  provided  by  the  Constitution." 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Fairfield  Branch  consisted  of  Barnet  Ris- 
tine,  Christian  W.  Slagle,  Daniel  Rider,  Horace  Gaylord,  Bernhart  Henn  and 
Samuel  S.  Bayard.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board,  Mr.  Henn  was  elected 
President,  Mr.  Slagle  Secretary,  and  Air.  Gaylord  Treasurer.  Twenty  acres 
of   land    Avere   purchased,   and    a   building  erected   thereon,   costing   $2,500. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  189' 

This  building  was  nearly  destroyed  by  a  hurricane,  in  1850,  but  was  rebuilt 
more  substantially,  all  by  contributions  of  the  citizens  of  Fairfield.  This 
branch  never  received  any  aid  from  the  State  or  from  the  University  Fund, 
and  by  act  approved  January  24,  1853,  at  the  request  of  the  Board,  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  terminated  its  relation  to  the  State. 

The  branch  at  Dubuque  was  placed  under  the  control  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  and  John  King,  Caleb  H.  Booth,  James  M.  Emerson, 
Michael  J.  Sullivan,  Richard  Benson  and  the  Grovernor  of  the  State  as 
Trustees.      The  Trustees  never  organized,  and  its  existence  was  only  nominal. 

The  Normal  Schools  were  located  at  Andrew,  Oskaloosa  and  Mount 
Pleasant,  respectively.  Each  was  to  be  governed  by  a  board  of  seven  Trustees,  to 
be  appointed  by  the  Trustees  of  the  University.  Each  was  to  receive  ^500  annu- 
ally from  the  income  of  the  University  Fund,  upon  condition  that  they  should  ed- 
ucate eight  common  school  teachers,  free  of  charge  for  tuition,  and  that  the  citizens- 
should  contribute  an  equal  sum  for  the  erection  of  the  requisite  buildings. 
The  several  Boards  of  Trustees  were  appointed.  At  Andrew,  the  school  was 
organized  Nov.  21,  1849;  Samuel  Ray,  Principal;  Miss  J.  S.  Dorr,  Assist- 
ant. A  building  was  commenced  and  over  $1,000  expended  on  it,  but  it  was 
never  completed.  At  Oskaloosa,  the  Trustees  organized  in  April,  1852.  This 
school  was  opened  in  the  Court  House,  September  13,  1852,  under  the  charge 
of  Prof.  G.  M.  Drake  and  wife.  A  two  story  brick  building  was  completed  in 
1853,  costing  $2,473.  The  school  at  Mount  Pleasant  was  never  organized. 
Neither  of  these  schools  received  any  aid  from  the  University  Fund,  but  in 
1857  the  Legislature  appropriated  $1,000  each  for  those  at  Oskaloosa  and 
Andrew,  and  repealed  the  law  authorizing  the  payment  of  money  to  them  from 
the  University  Fund.  From  that  time  they  made  no  further  effort  to 
continue  in  operation. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  held  February  21,  1850,. 
the  "  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Upper  Mississippi,"  established 
at  Davenport,  was  recognized  as  the  "  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
the  State  University  of  Iowa,"  expressly  stipulating,  however,  that  such  recog- 
nition should  not  render  the  University  liable  for  any  pecuniary  aid,  nor  was 
the  Board  to  have  any  control  over  the  property  or  management  of  the  Medical 
Association.  Soon  after,  this  College  was  removed  to  Keokuk,  its  second  ses- 
sion being  opened  there  in  November,  1850.  In  1851,  the  General  Assembly 
confirmed  the  action  of  the  Board,  and  by  act  approved  January  22,  1855, 
placed  the  Medical  College  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  University,  and  it  continued  in  operation  until  this  arrangement  was  termi- 
nated by  the  new  Constitution,  September  3,  1857. 

From  1847  to  1855,  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  kept  full  by  regular  elec- 
tions by  the  Legislature,  and  the  Trustees  held  frequent  meetings,  but  there  was 
no  effectual  organization  of  the  University.  In  March,  1855,  it  was  partially 
opened  for  a  term  of  sixteen  weeks.  July  16,  1855,  Amos  Dean,  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  was  elected  President,  but  he  never  entered  fully  upon  its  duties.  The- 
University  was  again  opened  in  September,  1855,  and  continued  in  operation 
until  June,  1856,  under  Professors  Johnson,  Welton,  Van  Valkenburg  and 
Guflfin. 

In  the  Spring  of  1856,  the  capital  of  the  State  was  located  at  Des  Moines; 
but  there  were  no  buildings  there,  and  the  capitol  at  Iowa  City  was  not  vacated 
by  the  State  until  December,  1857. 

In  June,  1856,  the  faculty  was  re-organized,  with  some  changes,  and  the 
University  was  again  opened  on  the  third  Wednesday  of  September,  1856.. 


190  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

There  were  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  students — eighty-three  males  and 
forty-one  females — in  attendance  during  the  year  1856-7,  and  the  first  regular 
catalogue  was  published. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board,  September  22,  1857,  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  of  Arts  Avas  conferre  i  on  D.  Franklin  Wells.  This  was  the 
first  degree  conferred  by  the  Board. 

Article  IX,  Section  11,  of  the  new  State  Constitution,  which  went  into  force 
September  3,  1857,  provided  as  follows  : 

The  State  TJniversity  shall  be  estahlished  at  one  place,  without  branches  at  any  other  place ; 
.and  the  University  fund  shall  be  applied  to  that  institution,  and  no  other. 

Article  XI,  Section  8,  provided  that 

The  seat  of  Government  is  hereby  permanently  established,  as  now  fixed  by  law,  at  the  city 
•of  Des  Moines,  in  the  county  of  Polk  ;  and  the  State  University  at  Iowa  City,  in  the  county  of 
Johnson. 

The  new  Constitution  created  the  Board  of  Education,  consisting  of  the 
Lieutenant  Governor,  who  was  ex  ofiicio  President,  and  one  member  to  be  elected 
from  each  judicial  district  in  the  State.  '  This  Board  was  endowed  with 
"full  power  and  authority  to  legislate  and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regula- 
tions in  relation  to  common  schools  and  other  educational  institutions,"  subject 
to  alteration,  amendment  or  repeal  by  the  General  Assembly,  Avhich  was  vested 
with  authority  to  abolish  or  re-organize  the  Board  at  any  time  after  1863. 

In  December,  1857,  the  old  capitol  building,  now  known  as  Central  Hall  of 
the  University,  except  the  rooms  occupied  by  the  United  States  District  Court, 
and  the  property,  with  that  exception,  passed  under  tlie  control  of  the  Trustees, 
and  became  the  seat  of  the  University.  The  old  building  had  had  hard  usage, 
and  its  arrangement  was  illy  adapted  for  University  purposes.  Extensive  repairs 
and  changes  were  necessary,  but  the  Board  was  without  funds  for  these  pur- 
poses. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  Board,  under  the  old  law,  was  held  in  January, 
1858.  At  this  meeting,  a  resolution  was  introduced,  and  seriously  considered, 
to  exclude  females  from  the  University;  but  it  finally  failed. 

March  12,  1858,  the  first  Legislature  under  the  new  Constitution  enacted 
a  new  law  in  relation  to  the  University,  but  it  was  not  materially  difl'erent  from 
the  former.  March  11,  1858,  the  Legislature  appropriated  $3,000  for  the  re- 
pair and  modification  of  the  old  capitol  building,  and  $10,000  for  the  erection 
of  a  boarding  house,  now  known  as  South  Hall. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  created  by  the  new  law  met  and  duly  organized 
April  27, 1858,  and  determined  to  close  the  University  until  the  income  from  its 
fund  should  be  adequate  to  meet  the  current  expenses,  and  the  buildings  should 
be  ready  for  occupation.  Until  this  term,  the  building  known  as  the  "  Mechan- 
ics' Academy"  had  been  used  for  the  school.  The  Faculty,  except  the  Chan- 
cellor (Dean ),  was  dismissed,  and  all  further  instruction  suspended,  from  the  close 
of  the  term  then  in  progress  until  September,  1859.  At  this  meeting,  a  reso- 
lution was  adopted  excluding  females  from  the  University  after  the  close  of  the 
existing  term  ;  but  this  was  aiterward,  in  August,  modified,  so  as  to  admit  them 
to  the  Normal  Department. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board,  August  4,  1858,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Science  was  conferred  upon  Dexter  Edson  Smith,  being  tiie  first  degiee  con- 
ferred upon  a  student  of  the  University.  Diplomas  Avere  awarded  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  first  gradiuiting  class  of  the  Normal  Department  as  follows  :  Levi 
P.  Aylworth,  Cellina  II.  Aylworth,  Elizabeth  L.  Humphrey,  Annie  A.  Pinney 
and  Sylvia  M.  Thompson. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  191 

An  "Act  for  the  Government  and  Regulation  of  the  State  University  of 
Iowa,"  approved  December  25,  1858,  was  mainly  a  re-enactment  of  the  law  of 
March  12,  1858,  except  that  changes  were  made  in  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
manner  of  their  appointment.  This  law  provided  that  both  sexes  were  to  be 
admitted  on  equal  terms  to  all  departments  of  the  institution,  leaving  the  Board 
no  discretion  in  the  matter. 

The  uew  Board  met  and  organized,  February  2,  1859,  and  decided  to  con- 
tinue the  Normal  Department  only  to  the  end  of  the  current  term,  and  that  it 
was  unwise  to  re-open  the  University  at  that  time;  but  at  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Board,  in  June  of  the  same  year,  it  was  resolved  to  continue  the  Normal 
Department  in  operation ;  and  at  a  special  meeting,  October  25,  1859,  it  was 
decided  to  re-open  the  University  in  September,  1860.  Mr.  Dean  had  resigned' 
as  Chancellor  prior  to  this  meeting,  and  Silas  Totten,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  elected 
President,  at  a  salary  of  $2,000,  and  his  term  commenced  June,  1860. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  June  28,  1860,  a  full  Faculty  Avas  appointed,  and 
the  University  re-opened,  under  this  new  organization,  September  19,  1860 
(third  Wednesday) ;  and  at  this  date  the  actual  existence  of  the  University  may- 
be said  to  commence. 

August  X9,  1862,  Dr.  Totten  having  resigned.  Prof.  Oliver  M.  Spencer 
was  elected  President  and  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred 
upon  Judge  Samuel  F.  Miller,  of  Keokuk. 

At  the  commencement,  in  June,  1863,  was  the  first  class  of  graduates  in 
the  Collegiate  Department. 

The  Board  of  Education  was  abolished  March  19,  1864,  and  the  office  of" 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  was  restored  ;  the  General  Assembly 
resumed  control  of  the  subject  of  education,  and  on  March  21,  an  act  was  ap- 
proved for  the  government  of  the  University.  It  was  substantially  the  same  as 
the  former  law,  but  provided  that  the  Governor  should  be  ex  officio  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  Until  1858,  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
had  been  ex  officio  President,  During  the  period  of  the  Board  of  Education^ 
the  University  Trustees  were  elected  by  it,  and  elected  their  own  President. 

President  Spencer  was  granted  leave  of  absence  from  April  10,  1866,  for 
fifteen  months,  to  visit  Europe;  and  Prof.  Nathan  R.  Leonard  was  elected 
President  pro  tern. 

The  North  Hall  was  completed  late  in  1866. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1867,  the  resignation  of  President  Spencer 
(absent  in  Europe)  was  accepted,  and  Prof.  Leonard  continued  as  President  joro- 
tern.,  until  March  4,  1868,  when  James  Black,  D.  D.,  Vice  President  of  Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  College,  Penn.,  was  elected  President.  Dr.  Black  entered 
upon  his  duties  in  September,  1868. 

The  Law  Departmentwas  established  in  June,  1868,  and,  in  September  fol- 
lowing, an  arrangement  was  perfected  with  the  loAva  Law  School,  at  Des  Moines, 
which  had  been  in  successful  operation  for  three  years,  under  the  management 
of  Messrs.  George  G.  Wright,  Chester  C.  Cole  and  William  G.  Hammond,  by 
which  that  institution  was  transferred  to  Iowa  City  and  merged  in  the  Law  De- 
partment of  the  University.  The  Faculty  of  this  department  consisted  of  the 
President  of  the  University,  Hon.  Wm.  G.  Hammond,  Resident  Professor  and 
Principal  of  the  Department,  and  Professors  G.  G.  Wright  and  C.  C.  Cole. 

Nine  students  entered  at  the  commencement  of  the  first  term,  and  during 
the  year  ending  June,  1877,  there  were  103  students  in  this  department. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board,  on  the  17th  of  September,  1868,  a  Com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  consider  the  expediency  of  establishing  a  Medical  De- 


192  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

partment.  This  Committee  reported  at  once  in  favor  of  the  proposition,  the 
Faculty  to  consist  of  the  President  of  the  University  and  seven  Professors,  and 
recommended  that,  if  practicable,  the  new  department  should  be  opened  at  the 
commencement  of  the  University  year,  in  1869-70.  At  this  meeting,  Hon. 
Ezekiel  Clark  was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  University. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  April  11,  1870,  the  "Board 
of  Regents  "  was  instituted  as  the  governing  power  of  the  University,  and  since 
that  time  it  has  been  the  fundamental  law  of  the  institution.  The  Board  of 
Regents  held  its  first  meeting  June  28,  1870.  Wm.  J.  Haddock  was  elected 
Secretary,  and  Mr,  Clark,  Treasurer. 

Dr.  Black  tendered  his  resignation  as  President,  at  a  special  meeting  of  the 
Board,  held  AugusC  18,  1870,  to  take  effect  on  the  1st  of  December  following. 
His  resignation  was  accepted. 

The  South  Hall  having  been  fitted  up  for  the  purpose,  the  first  term  of  the 
Medical  Department  Avas  opened  October  21,  1870,  and  continued  until  March, 
1871,  at  which  time  there  were  three  graduates  and  thirty-nine  students. 

March  1,  1871,  Rev.  George  Thacher  was  elected  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity. Mr.  Thacher  accepted,  entered  upon  his  duties  April  1st,  and  was  form- 
ally inaugurated  at  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  18G1. 

In  June,  1874,  the  ''  Chair  of  Military  Instruction"  was  established,  and 
the  President  of  the  United  States  was  requested  to  detail  an  officer  to  perform 
its  duties.  In  compliance  with  this  request,  Lieut.  A.  D.  Schenck,  Second  Artil- 
lery, U.  S.  A.,  was  detailed  as  "Professor  of  Military  Science  and  Tactics," 
at  Iowa  State  University,  by  order  of  the  War  Department,  August  26,  1874, 
who  reported  for  duty  on  the  10th  of  September  following.  Lieut.  Schenck 
was  relieved  by  Lieut.  James  Chester,  Third  Artillery,  January  1,  1877. 

Treasurer  Clark  resigned  November  3,  1870,  and  John  N.  Coldren  elected 
in  his  stead. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  in  1876,  a  Department  of  Homoeopathy  was 
established. 

In  March,  1877,  a  resolution  was  adopted  affiliating  the  High  Schools  of 
the  State  Avith  the  University. 

In  June,  1877,  Dr.  Thacher's  connection  with  the  L^niversity  was  termi- 
nated, and  C.  W.  Slagle,  a  member  of  tiie  Board  of  Regents,  was  elected  Pres- 
ident. 

In  1872,  the  ex  officio  membership  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion was  abolished  ;  but  it  was  restored  in  1876.  Following  is  a  catalogue  of 
the  officers  of  this  important  institution,  from  1847  to  1878 : 

TRUSTEES    OR    REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM  TO 

Jfirncs  Ilarlrtri,  Superintendent  Pulilic  Instrnction,  ex  ofTicio 1847  1848 

Thomas  II.  Kenton,  .Tr,,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  officio 1843  1854 

James  D.  Kads,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  oflicio 1854  1857 

Maturin  L.  Fisher,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction,  ex  oflBcio 1857  1858 

Amos  Dean,  Chancellor,  ex  officio 1858  1859 

Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr 18")!»  1803 

Francis  Springer 18r.8  1864 

William  M.  Stone,  Governor,  ex  officio 18*54  18G8 

Samuel  Morrill,  (iovernor,  ex  officio 18G8  1872 

Cyrus  C.  Carpenter,  (iovernor,  ex  officio 1872  1876 

Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Governor,  ex  oflicio I?i70  1877 

Joshua  G.  Newbold,  Governor,  ex  officio 1877  1878 

John  H.  Gear 1878  


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  193 

VICE    rRESIDENTS.  FROM  TO 

Silas  Foster 1847  1851 

Robert  Lucas 1851  1853 

Edward  Connelly 1854  1855 

Moses  J.  Morsman 1855  1858 

SECRETARIES. 

Hugh  D.  Downey 1847  1851 

Anson  Hart 1851  1857 

Elijah  Sells 1857  1858 

Anson  Hart 1858  1864 

William  J.  Haddock 1864  

TREASURERS. 

Morgan  Reno,  State  Treasurer,  ex  officio 1847  1850 

Israel  Kister,  State  Treasurer,  ex  officio 1850  1852 

Martin  L.  Morris,  State  Treasurer,  ex  officio 1852  1855 

Henry  AV.  Lathrop 1855  1862 

William  Crum 1862  1868 

Ezekiel  Clark 1868  1876 

John  N.  Coldren 1876  

rRESIDENTS    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY. 

Amos  Dean,  LL.  D 1855  1858 

Silas  Totten,  D.  D.,  LL.  D 1860  1862 

Oliver  M.  Spencer,  D.  D.* '. 1862  1867 

James  Black,  D.  D  1868  1870 

George  Thacher,  D.  D 1871  1877 

C.  W.  Slagle 1877  

The  present  educational  corps  of  the  University  consists  of  the  President, 
nine  Professors  in  the  Collegiate  Department,  one  Professor  and  six  Instructors 
in  Military  Science  ;  Chancellor,  three  Professors  and  four  Lecturers  in  the 
Law  Department ;  eight  Professor  Demonstrators  of  Anatomy ;  Prosector  of 
Surgery  and  two  Lecturers  in  the  Medical  Department,  and  two  Professors  in 
the  Homoeopathic  Medical  Department. 

STATE  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  January  28,  1857,  a  State  His- 
torical Society  was  provided  for  in  connection  with  the  University.  At  the 
commencement,  an  appropriation  of  $250  was  made,  to  be  expended  in  collecting, 
embodying,  and  preserving  in  an  authentic  form  a  library  of  books,  pamphlets, 
charts,  maps,  manuscripts,  papers,  paintings,  statuary,  and  other  materials  illus- 
trative of  the  history  of  Iowa;  and  with  the  further  object  to  rescue  from 
oblivion  the  memory  of  the  early  pioneers ;  to  obtain  and  preserve  various 
accounts  of  their  exploits,  perils  and  hardy  adventures ;  to  secure  facts  and 
statements  relative  to  the  history  and  genius,  and  progress  and  decay  of  the 
Indian  tribes  of  Iowa;  to  exhibit  faithfully  the  antiquities  and  past  and  present 
resources  of  the  State ;  to  aid  in  the  publication  of  such  collections  of  the  Society 
as  shall  from  time  to  time  be  deemed  of  value  and  interest ;  to  aid  in  binding 
its  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts  and  papers,  and  in  defraying  other  necessary 
incidental  expenses  of  the  Society. 

There  Avas  appropriated  by  law  to  this  institution,  till  the  General  Assembly 
shall  otherwise  direct,  the  sum  of  $500  per  annum.  The  Society  is  under  the 
management  of  a  Board  of  Curators,  consisting  of  eighteen  persons,  nine  of 
whom  are  appointed  by  the  Governor,  and  nine  elected  by  the  mqmbers  of  the 
Society.     The  Curators  receive  no  compensation  for  their  services.     The  annual 


194  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

meeting  is  provided  for  by  law,  to  be  held  at  Iowa  City  on  Monday  preceding 
the  last  AVednesday  in  June  of  each  year. 

The  State  Historical  Society  has  published  a  scries  of  very  valuable  collec- 
tions, including  history,  tiograjjhy,  sketches,  reminiscences,  etc.,  with  quite  a 
large  number  of  finely  engraved  portraits  of  prominent  and  early  settlers,  under 
the  title  of  "  Annals  of  Iowa." 


THE  PENITENTIARY. 

Located  at  Fort  Madison,  Lee  County. 

The  first  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  relating  to  a  Penitentiary  in 
Iowa,  was  approved  January  25,  1839,  the  fifth  section  of  which  authorized  the 
Governor  to  draw  the  sum  of  $20,000  appropriated  by  an  act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved July  7,  1838,  for  public  buildings  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa.  It  provided 
for  a  Board  of  Directors  of  three  persons  elected  by  the  Legislature,  who  should 
direct  the  building  of  the  Penitentiary,  which  should  be  located  within  one  mile 
of  the  public  square,  in  the  town  of  Fort  Madison,  Lee  County,  provided  Fort 
Madison  should  deed  to  the  directors  a  tract  of  land  suitable  for  a  site,  and  assign 
them,  by  contract,  a  spring  or  stream  of  water  for  the  use  of  the  Penitentiary. 
To  the  Directors  was  also  given  the  power  of  appointing  the  Warden ;  the  latter 
to  appoint  Jiis  own  assistants. 

The  first  Directors  appointed  were  John  S.  David  and  John  Claypole.  They 
made  their  first  report  to  the  Legislative  Council  November  9,  1839.  The  citi- 
zens of  the  town  of  Fort  Madison  had  executed  a  deed  conveying  ten  Jicres  of 
land  for  the  building  site.  Amos  Ladd  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
building  June  O,  1839,  The  building  was  designed  of  sufficient  capacity  to  con- 
tain one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  convicts,  and  estimated  to  cost  $55,933.90. 
It  was  begun  on  the  9th  of  July,  1839  ;  the  main  building  and  Warden's  house 
were  completed  in  the  Fall  of  1841.  Other  additions  were  made  from  time  to 
time  till  the  building  and  arrangements  were  all  complete  according  to  the  plan 
of  the  Directors.  It  has  answered  the  purpose  of  the  State  as  a  Penitentiary 
for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  during  that  period  many  items  of  practical  ex- 
perience in  prison  management  have  been  gained. 

It  has  long  been  a  problem  how  to  conduct  prisons,  and  deal  with  what  are 
called  the  criminal  classes  generally,  so  as  to  secure  their  best  good  and  best 
subserve  the  interests  of  the  State.  Both  objects  must  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion in  any  humaritarian  view  of  the  subject.  This  problem  is  not  yet  solved, 
but  Iowa  has  adopted  the  progressive  and  enlightened  policy  of  humane  treat- 
ment of  prisoners  and  the  utilization  of  their  labor  for  their  own  support.  Tiie 
labor  of  the  convicts  in  the  Iowa  Penitentiary,  as  in  most  others  in  the  United 
States,  is  let  out  to  contractors,  who  pay  the  State  a  certain  stipulated  amount 
therefor,  the  State  furnishing  the  shops,  tools  and  machinery,  as  wtll  as  the 
supervision  necessary  to  preserve  order  and  discipline  in  the  prison. 

While  this  is  an  improvement  upon  the  old  solitary  confinement  system,  it 
still  falls  short  of  an  enlightened  reformatory  system  that  in  the  future  will 
treat  the  criminal  for  mental  disease  and  endeavor  to  restore  him  to  usefulness 
in  the  community.  The  objections  urged  against  the  contract  system  of  dis- 
posing of  the  labor  of  prisoners,  that  it  brings  the  labor  of  honest  citizens  into 
competition  with  convict  labor  at  reduced  prices,  and  is  disadvantageous  to  the 
State,  are  not  without  force,  and  the  system  will  have  no  place  in  the  prisons  of 
the  future. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  195 

It  is  right  that  the  convict  should  labor.  He  should  not  be  allowed  to  live 
in  idleness  at  public  expense.  Honest  men  labor  ;  why  should  not  they?  Hon- 
est men  are  entitled  to  the  fruits  of  their  toil ;  why  should  not  the  convict  as 
well  ?  The  convict  is  sent  to  the  Penitentiary  to  secure  public  safety.  The 
State  deprives  him  of  his  liberty  to  accomplish  this  purpose  and  to  punish  him 
for  violations  of  law,  but,  having  done  this,  the  State  wrongs  both  itself  and  the 
criminal  by  confiscating  his  earnings  ;  because  it  deprives  his  family  of  what 
justly  belongs  to  them,  and  an  enlightened  civilization  will  ere  long  demand 
that  the  prisoner  in  the  penitentiary,  after  paying  a  fair  price  for  his  board,  is 
as  justly  entitled  to  his  net  earnings  as  the  good  citizen  outside  its  walls,  and 
his  family,  if  he  has  one,  should  be  entitled  to  draw  his  earnings  or  stated  portion 
of  them  at  stated  periods.  If  he  has  no  family,  then  if  his  net  earnings  should 
be  set  aside  to  his  credit  and  paid  over  to  him  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
imprisonment,  he  would  not  be  turned  out  upon  the  cold  charities  of  a  somewhat 
Pharisaical  world,  penniless,  with  the  brand  of  the  convict  upon  his  brow,  with 
no  resource  save  to  sink  still  deeper  in  crime.  Let  Iowa,  "  The  Beautiful  Land," 
be  first  to  recognize  the  rights  of  its  convicts  to  the  fruits  of  their  labor  ;  keep 
their  children  from  the  alms-house,  and  place  a  powerful  incentive  before  them 
to  become  good  citizens  when  they  return  to  the  busy  world  again. 


ADDITIONAL  PENITENTIARY. 

Located  at  Anamosa,  Jones  County. 

By  an  act  of  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly,  approved  April  23,  1872, 
William  Ure,  Foster  L.  Downing  and  Martin  Heisey  were  constituted  Commis- 
sioners to  locate  and  provide  for  the  erection  and  control  of  an  additional 
Penitentiary  for  the  State  of  Iowa.  These  Commissioners  met  on  the  4th  of 
the  following  June,  at  Anamosa,  Jones  County,  and  selected  a  site  donated  by 
the  citizens,  within  the  limits  of  the  city.  L.  W.  Foster  &  Co.,  architects,  of 
Des  Moines,  furnished  the  plan,  drawings  and  specifications,  and  work  was 
commenced  on  the  building  on  the  28th  day  of  September,  1872.  May  13, 
1873,  twenty  convicts  were  transferred  to  Anamosa  from  the  Fort  Madison 
Penitentiary.  The  entire  enclosure  includes  fifteen  acres,  with  a  frontage  of 
663  feet.  i 

IOWA  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Mount  Pleasant,  Henry  County. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  approved  January  24,  1855, 
$4,425  were  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  a  site,  and  $50,000  for  building 
an  Insane  Hospital,  and  the  Governor  (Grimes),  Edward  Johnston,  of  Lee 
County,  and  Charles  S.  Blake,  of  Henry  County,  were  appointed  to  locate  the 
institution  and  superintend  the  erection  of  the  building.  These  Commission- 
ers located  the  institution  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Henry  County.  A  plan  for  a 
building  designed  to  accommodate  300  patients,  drawn  by  Dr.  Bell,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, was  accepted,  and  in  October  work  was  commenced  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Mr.  Henry  Winslow.  Up  to  February  25,  1858,  and  including  an 
appropriation  made  on  that  date,  the  Legislature  had  appropriated  $258,555.67 
to  this  institution,  but  the  building  was  not  finished  ready  for  occupancy  by 
patients  until  March  1,  1861.  The  Trustees  were  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  Presi- 
dent,   Farmersburg;     Samuel   McFarland,   Secretary,   Mt.   Pleasant;    D.   L. 


19(i  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

McGugin,  Keokuk;  G.  W,  Kincaid,  Muscatine;  J.  D.  Elbert,  Keosauqua; 
John  B.  Lash  and  Harpin  Riggs,  Mt.  Pleasant.  Richard  J.  Patterson,  M.  D., 
of  Ohio,  was  elected  Superintendent;  Dwight  C.  Dewej,  M.  D.,  Assistant 
Physician;  Henry  Winslow,  Steward;  Mrs.  Catharine  Winslow,  Matron. 
The  Hospital  was  formally  opened  March  6,  18G1,  and  one  hundred  patients 
were  admitted  within  three  months.  About  1865,  Dr.  Mark  Ranney  became 
Superintendent.  April  18,  1876,  a  portion  of  the  hospital  building  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  From  the  opening  of  the  Hospital  to  the  close  of  October, 
1877,  3,584  patients  had  been  admitted.  Of  these,  1,141  were  discharged 
recovered,  505  discharged  improved,  589  discharged  unimproved,  and  1  died ; 
total  discharged,  2,976,  leaving  608  inmates.  During  this  period,  there  were 
1,384  females  admitted,  whose  occupation  was  registered  "domestic  duties ;" 
122,  no  occupation;  25,  female  teachers;  11,  seamstresses;  and  25,  servants. 
Among  the  males  were  916  farmers,  394  laborers,  205  without  occupation,  39 
cabinet  makers,  23  brewers,  31  clerks,  26  merchants,  12  preachers,  18  shoe- 
makers, 13  students,  14  tailors,  13  teachers,  14  agents,  17  masons,  7  lawyers, 
7  physicians,  4  saloon  keepers,  3  salesmen,  2  artists,  and  1  editor.  The  pro- 
ducts of  the  farm  and  garden,  in  1876,  amounted  to  $13,721.26. 

Trustees,  1877 :—'£.  Whiting,  President,  Mt.  Pleasant;  Mrs.  E.  M.  Elliott, 
Secretary,  Mt.  Pleasant;  William  C.  Evans,  West  Liberty;  L.  E.  Fellows, 
Lansing  ;  and  Samuel  Klein,  Keokuk  ;   Treasurer,  M.  Edwards,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Resident  Officers: — Mark  Ranney,  M.  D.,  Medical  Superintendent;  H.  M. 
Bassett,  M.  D.,  First  Assistant  Physician;  M.  Riordan,  M.  D.,  Second  Assistant 
Physician;  Jennie  McCowen,  M.  D.,  Third  Assistant  Physician  ;  J.  W.  Hender- 
son, Steward ;  Mrs.  Martha  W^.  Ranney,  Matron ;  Rev.  Milton  Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

Independence,  Buchanan  Counts/. 

In  the  Winter  of  1867-8,  a  bill  providing  for  an  additional  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  was  passed  by  the  Legislature,  and  an  appropriation  of  $125,000  was 
made  for  that  purpose.  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  of  Clayton  County  ;  E.  G.  Morgan, 
of  Webster  County,  and  Albert  Clark,  of  Buchanan  County,  were  appointed 
Commissioners  to  locate  and  supervise  the  erection  of  the  Building.  Mr.  Clark 
died  about  a  year  after  his  appointment,  and  Hon.  G.  W.  Bemis,  of  Indepen- 
dence, was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  Commissioners  met  and  commenced  their  labors  on  the  8th  day  of 
June,  1868,  at  Independence.  The  act  under  which  they  were  appointed 
required  them  to  select  the  most  eligible  and  desirable  location,  of  not  loss  than 
320  acres,  within  two  miles  of  the  city  of  Independence,  that  might  be  offered 
by  the  citizens  free  of  charge  to  the  State,  Several  such  tracts  were  offered, 
but  the  Commissioners  finally  selected  the  south  half  of  southwest  quarter  of 
Section  5 ;  the  north  half  of  northeast  quarter  of  Section  7  ;  the  north  half  of 
northwest  quarter  of  Section  8,  and  the  north  half  of  northeast  quarter  of  Sec- 
tion 8,  all  in  Township  88  north.  Range  9  Avest  of  the  Fifth  Principal  Meridian. 
This  location  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  about  a  mile 
from  its  banks,  and  about  the  same  distance  from  Independence. 

Col.  S.  V.  Shipman,  of  Madison,  Wis.,  was  employed  to  prepare  plans, 
specifications  and  drawings  of  the  building,  which,  when  completed,  were  sub- 
mitted to  Dr.  M.  Ranney,  Superintendent  of  the  Hospital  at  Mount  Pleasant, 
who  suggested  several  improvements.      The  contract  for  erecting  the  building 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  197 

was  awarded  to  Mr.  David  Armstrong,  of  Dubuque,  for  $88,114.  The  con- 
tract was  signed  November  7,  18G8,  and  Mr.  Armstrong  at  once  commenced 
work.  Mr.  George  Josselyn  was  appointed  to  superintend  the  work.  The 
main  buildings  Avere  constructed  of  dressed  limestone,  from  the  quarries  at 
Anamosa  and  Farley.  The  basements  are  of  the  local  granite  worked  from  the 
immense  boulders  found  in  large  quantities  in  this  portion  of  the  State. 

In  1872,  the  building  was  so  far  completed  that  the  Commissioners  called 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Trustees,  on  the  10th  day  of  July  of  that  year.  These 
Trustees  were  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  Mrs.  P.  A.  Applcman,  T.  W'.  Fawcett,  C. 
€.  Parker,  E.  G.  Morgan,  George  W.  Bemis  and  John  M.  Boggs.  This  board 
was  organized,  on  the  day  above  mentioned,  by  the  election  of  Hon.  M,  L. 
Fisher,  President;  Rev.  J.  G.  Boggs,  Secretary,  and  George  W.  Bemis,  Treas- 
urer, and,  after  adopting  preliminary  measures  for  organizing  the  local  govern- 
ment of  the  hospital,  adjourned  to  the  first  Wednesday  of  the  following  Septem- 
ber. A  few  days  before  this  meeting,  Mr.  Boggs  died  of  malignant  fever, 
and  Dr.  John  G.  House  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Dr.  House  was 
elected  Secretary.  At  this  meeting,  Albert  Reynolds,  M.  D.,  was  elected 
Superintendent;  George  Josselyn,  Steward,  and  Mrs.  Anna  B.  Josselyn, 
Matron.  September  4,  1873,  Dr.  Willis  Butterfield  was  elected  Assistant 
Physician.     The  building  was  ready  for  occupancy  April  21,  1873. 

In  the  Spring  of  1876,  a  contract  was  made  with  Messrs.  Mackay  &  Lundy, 
of  Independence,  for  furnishing  materials  for  building  the  outside  walls  of  the 
two  first  sections  of  the  south  wing,  next  to  the  center  building,  for  |G,250. 
The  carpenter  work  on  the  fourth  and  fifth  stories  of  the  center  building  was 
completed  during  the  same  year,  and  the  wards  were  furnished  and  occupied  by 
patients  in  the  Fall. 

In  1877,  the  south  wing  was  built,  but  it  will  not  be  completed  ready  for 
occupancy  until  next  Spring  or  Summer  (1878). 

October  1,  1877,  the  Superintendent  reported  322  patients  in  this  hospital, 
and  it  is  now  overcrowded. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  at  present  (1878)  are  as  follows :  Maturin  L. 
Fisher,  President,  Farmersburg ;  John  G.  House,  M.  D.,  Secretary,  Indepen- 
dence ;  Wm.  G.  Donnan,  Treasurer,  Independence  ;  Erastus  G.  Morgan,  Fort 
Dodge ;  Mrs.  Prudence  A.  Appleman,  Clermont ;  and  Stephen  E.  Robinson, 
M.  D.,  West  Union. 

RESIDENT    OFFICERS. 

Albert  Reynolds,  M.  D.,  Superintendent ;  G.  H.  Hill,  M.  D.,  Assistant 
Physician;  Noyes  Appleman,  Steward;  Mrs.  Lucy  M.  Gray,  Matron. 

IOWA  COLLEGE  FOR  THE  BLIND. 

Vinton,  Benton  County. 

In  August,  1852,  Prof.  Samuel  Bacon,  himself  blind,  established  an  Insti- 
tution for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind  of  Iowa,  at  Keokuk. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  entitled  "  An  act  to  establish  an  Asylum 
for  the  Blind,"  approved  January  18,  1853,  the  institution  was  adopted  by  the 
State,  removed  to  Iowa  City,  February  3d,  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils 
April  4,  1853,  free  to  all  the  blind  in  the  State. 

The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were  James  D.  Fads,  President ;  George  W. 
McClary,  Secretary ;  James  H.  Gower,  Treasurer  ;  Martin  L.  Morris,  Stephen 
Hempstead,  Morgan  Reno  and  John  McCaddon.     The  Board  appointed  Prof. 


198  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Samuel  Bacon,  Principal ;  T.  J.  McGittigen,  Teacher  of  Music,  and  Mrs.  Sarah 
K.  Bacon,  Matron.     Twenty-three  pupils  were  admitted  during  the  first  term. 

In  his  first  report,  made  in  18r)4,  Prof.  Bacon  suggested  that  the  name 
should  be  changed  from  "Asylum  for  the  Blind,"  to  that  of  "Institution  for 
the  Instruction  of  the  Blind."  This  was  done  in  1855,  when  the  General  As- 
sembly made  an  annual  appropriation  for  the  College  of  $55  per  quarter  for 
each  pupil.  This  was  subsequently  changed  to  $3,000  per  annum,  and  a  charge 
of  $25  as  an  admission  fee  for  each  pupil,  Avhich  sum,  with  the  amounts  realized 
from  the  sale  of  articles  manufactured  by  the  blind  pupils,  proved  sufficient  for 
the  expenses  of  the  institution  during  Mr.  Bacon's  administration.  Although 
Mr.  Bacon  was  blind,  he  was  a  fine  scholar  and  an  economical  manager,  and 
had  founded  the  Blind  Asylum  at  Jacksonville,  Illinois.  As  a  mathematician 
he  had  few  superiors. 

On  the  8th  of  May,  1858,  the  Trustees  met  at  Vinton,  and  made  arrange- 
ments for  securing  the  donation  of  $5,000  made  by  the  citizens  of  that  town. 

In  June  of  that  year,  a  quarter  section  of  land  was  donated  for  the  College, 
by  John  W.  0.  Webb  and  others,  and  the  Trustees  adopted  a  plan  for  the 
erection  of  a  suitable  building.  In  1860,  the  plan  was  modified,  and  the  con- 
tract for  enclosing  let  to  Messrs.  Finkbine  &  Lovelace,  for  $10,420. 

In  August,  1862,  the  building  was  so  far  completed  that  the  goods  and  fur- 
uiture  of  the  institution  were  removed  from  Iowa  City  to  Vinton,  and  early  in 
October,  the  school  was  opened  there  with  twenty-four  pupils.  At  this  time. 
Rev.  Orlando  Clark  was  Principal. 

In  August,  1864,  a  new  Board  of  Trustees  were  appointed  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, consisting  of  James  McQuin,.  President;  Reed  Wilkinson,  Secretary ;  Jas. 
Chapin,  Treasurer;  Robert  Gilchrist,  Elijah  Sells  and  Joseph  Dysart,  organized 
and  made  important  changes.  Rev.  Reed  Wilkinson  succeeded  Mr.  Clark  as 
Principal.  Mrs.  L.  S.  B.  Wilkinson  and  Miss  Amelia  Butler  were  appointed 
Assistant  Teachers  ;  Mrs.  N.  A.  Morton,  Matron. 

Mr.  Wilkinson  resigned  in  June,  1867,  and  Gen.  James  L.  Geddes  was 
appointed  in  his  place.  In  September,  1869,  Mr.  Geddes  retired,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Prof.  S.  A.Knapp.  Mrs.  S.  C.  Lawton  was  appointed  Matron, 
and  was  succeeded  by   Mrs.  M.  A.    Knapp.     Prof.   Knapp  resigned  July  1, 

1875,  and  Prof.    Orlando  Clark  was    elected  Principal,    who    died    April  2, 

1876,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  B.  Parmalee,  who  retired  in  July,  1877, 
when  the  present  incumbent,  Rev.  Robert  Carothers,  was  elected. 

Trustees,  1S77-S. — Jeremiah  L.  Gay,  President;  S.  H.Watson,  Treasurer; 
H.  C.  Piatt,  Jacob  Springer,  C.  L.  Flint  and  P.  F.  Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal,  Rev.  Robert  Carothers,  A.  M. ;  Matron,  Mrs.  Emeline 
E.  Carothers;  Teachers,  Thomas  F.  McCune,  A.  B.,  Miss  Grace  A.  Hill, 
Mrs.  C.  A.  Spencer,  Miss  Mary  Baker,  Miss  C.  R.  Miller,  Miss  Lorana  Mat- 
tice.  Miss  A.  M.  McCutcheon  ;  Musical  Director,  S.  0.  Spencer. 

The  Legislative  Committee  who  visited  tliis  institution  in  1878  expressed 
their  astonishment  at  the  vast  expenditure  of  money  in  proportion  to  the  needs 
of  the  State.  The  striutture  is  well  built,  and  the  money  properly  expended  ; 
yet  it  was  enormously  beyond  the  necessities  of  the  State,  and  shows  an  utter 
disregard  of  the  fitness  of  things.  The  Committee  could  not  understand  why 
$282,000  should  have  been  expended  for  a  massive  building  covering  about  two 
and  a  half  acres  for  the  accommodation  of  130  people,  costing  over  eight  thou- 
sand didlars  a  year  to  heat  it,  and  costing  the  Staite  about  five  hundred  dollars 
a  year  for  each  pupil. 


History  of  the  state  of  iowa.  199 

INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

Council  Bluffs,  Pottaivattomie  County. 

The  Iowa  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  was  established  at  Iowa  City 
laj  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  January  24,  1855.  The  number 
of  deaf  mutes  then  in  the  State  was  301 ;  the  number  attending  the  Institution, 
50.  The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were:  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Hon.  E. 
Sells,  W.  Penn  Clarke,  J.  P.  Wood,  H.  D.  Downey,  William  Crura,  W.  E. 
Ijams,  Principal.  On  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Ijams,  in  1862,  the  Board 
appointed  in  his  stead  Mr.  Benjamin  Talbot,  for  nine  years  a  teacher  in  the 
Ohio  Institution  for  ttie  Deaf  and  Dumb.  Mr.  Talbot  was  ardently  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  institution  and  a  faithful  worker  for  the  unfortunate  class 
under  his  charge. 

A  strong  effort  was  made,  in  1866,  to  remove  this  important  institution  to 
Des  Moines,  but  it  was  located  permanently  at  Council  Bluffs,  and  a  building 
rented  for  its  use.  In  1868,  Commissioners  were  appointed  to  locate  a  site  for, 
and  to  superintend  the  erection  of,  a  new  building,  for  which  the  Legislature 
appropriated  $125,000  to  commence  the  work  of  construction.  The  Commis- 
sioners selected  ninety  acres  of  land  about  two  miles  south  of  the  city  of  Coun- 
cil Bluffs.  The  main  building  and  one  wing  were  completed  October  1,  1870, 
and  immediately  occupied  by  the  Institution.  February  25,  1877,  the  main 
building  and  east  wing  were  destroyed  by  fire ;  and  August  6  following,  the 
roof  of  the  new  west  wing  was  blown  off  and  the  walls  partially  demolished  by 
•a  tornado.  At  the  time  of  the  fire,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  pupils  were  in 
attendance.  After  the  fire,  half  the  classes  were  dismissed  and  the  number  of 
scholars  reduced  to  about  seventy,  and  in  a  week  or  two  the  school  was  in  run- 
ning order. 

The  Legislative  Committee  which  visited  this  Institution  in  the  "Winter  of 
1857-8  was  not  well  pleased  with  the  condition  of  affairs,  and  reported  that  the 
building  (west  wing)  was  a  disgrace  to  the  State  and  a  monument  of  unskillful 
^'orkmanship,  and  intimated  rather  strongly  that  some  reforms  in  management 
Tvere  very  essential. 

Trustees,  7<?77-5.— Thomas  Officer,  President ;  N.  P.  Dodge,  Treasurer ; 
Paul  Lange,  William  Orr,  J.  W.  Cattell. 

Superintendent,  Benjamin  Talbot,  M.  A.  Teachers,  Edwin  Southwick, 
€onrad  S.  Zorbaugh,  John  A.  Gillespie,  John  A.  Kennedy,  Ellen  J.  Israel, 
Ella  J.  Brown,  Mrs.  H.  R.  Gillespie ;  Physician,  H.  W.  Hart,  M.  D. ;  Steward, 
2^.  A.  Taylor;  Matron,  Mary  B.  Swan. 

SOLDIERS'   ORPHANS'   HOMES. 

Davenport,  Cedar  Falls,  Glenwood. 

The  movement  which  culminated  in  the  establishment  of  this  beneficent  in- 
stitution was  originated  by  Mrs.  Annie  Wittenmeyer,  during  the  civil  war  of 
1861-65.  This  noble  and  patriotic  lady  called  a  convention  at  Muscatine,  on 
the  7th  of  October  1863,  for  the  purpose  of  devising  measures  for  the  support 
and  education  of  the  orphan  children  of  the  brave  sons  of  Iowa,  who  had  fallen 
in  defense  of  national  honor  and  integrity.  So  great  was  the  public  interest  in 
the  movement  that  there  was  a  large  representation  from  all  parts  of  the  State 
•on  the  day  named,  and  an  association  was  organized  called  the  Iowa  State  Or- 
phan Asylum- 


200  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

The  first  officers  Avere  :  President,  William  M.  Stone  ;  Vice  Presidents,  Mrs. 
G.  G.  Wright,  Mrs.  R.  L.  Cadle,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Hancock,  John  R.  Needham,  J.  W. 
Cattell,  ]\Irs.  Mary  INI.  Bagg ;  Recording  Secretary-,  Miss  Mary  Kibben ;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Miss  M.  E.  Shelton ;  Treasurer,  N.  H.  Brainerd;  Board 
of  Trustees,  Mrs.  Annie  Wittenmeyer,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Darwin,  Mrs.  D.  T.  Newcomb, 
Mrs.  L.  B.  Stephens,  0.  Fayville,  E.  H.  Williams,  T.  S.  Parvin,  Mrs.  Shields, 
Caleb  Baldwin,  C.  C.  Cole,  Isaac  Pendleton,  H.  C.  Henderson. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  held  February  14, 18G4,  in  the  Repre- 
sentative Hall,  at  Des  Moines,  Committees  from  both  branches  of  the  General 
Assembly  were  present  and  were  invited  to  participate  in  their  deliberations. 
Gov.  Kirkwood  suggested  that  a  home  for  disabled  soldiers  should  be  connected 
with  the  Asylum.     Arrangements  were  made  for  raising  funds. 

At  the  next  meeting,  in  Davenport,  in  March,  1864,  the  Trustees  decided  to- 
commence  operations  at  once,  and  a  committee,  of  which  Mr.  Howell,  of  Keo- 
kuk, was  Cl\airman,  was  appointed  to  lease  a  suitable  building,  solicit  donations, 
and  procure  suitable  furniture.  This  committee  secured  a  large  brick  building 
in  Lawrence,  Van  Buren  County,  and  engaged  Mr.  Fuller,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  a& 
Steward. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  in  Des  Moines,  in  June,  18G4,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Baldwin,. 
Mrs.  G.  G.  Wright,  Mrs.  Dr.  Horton,  Miss  Mary  E.  Shelton  and  Mr.  George 
Sherman  were  appointed  a  committee  to  furnish  the  building  and  take  all  neces- 
sary steps  for  opening  the  "Home,"  and  notice  was  given  that  at  the  next 
meeting-  of  the  Association,  a  motion  would  be  made  to  change  the  name  of  the 
Institution  to  Iowa  Orphans'  Home. 

The  work  of  preparation  was  conducted  so  vigorously  that  on  the  13th  day 
of  July  following,  the  Executive  Committee  announced  that  they  were  ready  to- 
receive  the  children.  In  throe  weeks  twenty-one  were  admitted,  and  the  num- 
ber constantly  increased,  so  that,  in  a  little  more  than  six  months  from  the  timfr 
of  opening,  there  were  seventy  children  admitted,  and  twenty  more  applica- 
tions, Avhich  the  Committee  had  not  acted  upon — all  orphans  of  soldiers. 

Miss  M.  Elliott,  of  Washington,  Avas  appointed  Matron.  She  resigned, 
in  February,  1865,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  E.  G.  Piatt,  of  Fremont. 
County. 

The  "  Home  "  was  sustained  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the  people, 
until  1866,  when  it  was  assumed  by  the  State.  In  that  year,  the  General 
Assem bly  provided  for  the  location  of  several  such  "Homes"  in  the  different 
counties,  and  which  were  established  at  Davenport,  Scott  County;  Cedar  Falls, 
Black  Hawk  County,  and  at  Glenwood,  Mills  County. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  had  the  oversight 
and  management  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Homes  of  the  State,  and  consisted 
of  one  person  from  each  county  in  which  such  Home  Avas  located,  and  one  for 
the  State  at  large,  who  held  their  office  two  years,  or  until  their  successors  Avere 
elected  and  qualified.  An  appropriation  of  $10  per  month  for  each  orphan 
actually  supported  Avas  made  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Tlie  Home  in  Cedar  Falls  Avas  organized  in  1865,  and  an  old  hotel  building 
was  fitted  up  for  it.  Rufus  C,  Mary  L.  and  Emma  L.  Bauer  Avere  the  first 
children  received,  in  October,  and  by  January,  1866,  there  were  ninety-six  in- 
mates. 

October  12,  1869,  the  Home  Avas  removed  to  a  large  brick  building,  about 
two  miles  Avest  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  Avas  very  prosperous  for  several  years,  but 
in  1876,  the  General  Assembly  established  a  State  Normal  School  at  Cedar 
Falls  and  appropriated  the  buildings  and  grounds  for  that  purpose. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  201 

By  "  An  act  to  provide  for  the  organization  and  support  of  an  asylum  at 
Glen  wood,  in  Mills  County,  for  feeble  minded  children,"  approved  March  17, 
1876,  the  buildings  and  grounds  used  by  the  Soldiers'  Orpiians'  Home  at  that 
place  were  appropriated  for  this  purpose.  By  another  act,  approved  INIarch  15, 
1876,  the  soldiers'  orphans,  then  at  the  Homes  at  Glenwood  and  Cedar  Falls, 
were  to  be  removed  to  the  Home  at  Davenport  within  ninety  days  thereafter, 
and  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Home  were  authorized  to  receive  other  indigent 
children  into  that  institution,  and  provide  for  their  education  in  industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE  NORMAL   SCHOOL. 

Cedar  Falls,  Black  Hawk  County. 

Chapter  129  of  the  laws  of  the  Sixteenth  General  Assembly,  in  1876,  estab- 
lished a  State  Normal  School  at  Cedar  Falls,  Black  Hawk  County,  and  required 
the  Trustees  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  to  turn  over  the  property  in  their 
charge  to  the  Directors  of  the  new  institution. 

The  Board  of  Directors  met  at  Cedar  Falls  June  7,  1876,  and  duly  organ- 
ized by  the  election  of  H.  C.  Hemenway,  President ;  J.  J.  Toleston,  Secretary, 
and  E.  Townsend,  Treasurer.  The  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Home  met  at  the  same  time  for  the  purpose  of  turning  over  to  the  Directors  the 
property  of  that  institution,  which  was  satisfactorily  done  and  properly  receipted 
for  as  required  by  law.  At  this  meeting,  Prof.  J.  C.  Gilchrist  was  elected 
Principal  of  the  School. 

On  the  12th  of  July,  1876,  the  Board  again  met,  when  executive  and 
teachers'  committees  were  appointed  and  their  duties  assigned.  A  Steward 
and  a  Matron  were  elected,  and  their  respective  duties  defined. 

The  buildings  and  grounds  were  repaired  and  fitted  up  as  well  as  the  appro- 
priation would  admit,  and  the  first  term  of  the  school  opened  September  6, 1876, 
commencing  with  twenty-seven  and  closing  with  eighty-seven  students.  The 
second  term  closed  with  eighty-six,  and  one  hundred  and  six  attended  during 
the  third  term. 

The  following  are  the  Board  of  Directors,  Board  of  Officers  and  Faculty  : 

Board  of  Directors. — H.  C.  Hemenway,  Cedar  Falls,  President,  term 
expires  1882 ;  L.  D.  Lewelling,  Salem,  Henry  County,  1878  ;  W.  A.  Stow, 
Hamburg,  Fremont  County,  1878  ;  S.  G.  Smith,  Newton,  Jasper  County, 
1880  ;  E.  H.  Thayer,  Clinton,  Clinton  County,  1880 ;  G.  S.  Robinson,  Storm 
Lake,  Buena  Vista  County,  1882. 

Board  of  Officers. — J.  J.  Toleston,  Secretary;  E.  Townsend,  Treasurer; 
William  Pattes,  Steward;  Mrs.  P.  x\.  Schermerhorn,  Matron — all  of  Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty. — J.  C.  Gilchrist,  A.  M.,  Principal,  Professer  of  Mental  and 
Moral  Philosophy  and  Didactics  ;  M.  W.  Bartlett,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages and  Natural  Science  ;  D.  S.  Wright,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics ; 
Miss  Frances  L.  Webster,  Teacher  of  Geography  and  History  ;  E.  W.  Burnham, 
Professor  of  Music. 

ASYLUM  FOR  FEEBLE  MINDED  CHILDREN. 

Glenwood.,  Mills  County. 

Chapter  152  of  the  laws  of  the  Sixteenth  General  Assembly,  approved 
March  17,  1876,  provided  for  the  establishment  of  an  asylum  for  feeble  minded 
children   at   Glenwood,   ^Nlills   County,  and  the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the 


202  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  at  that  place  were  to  be  used  for  that  purpose.  The 
asylum  was  placed  under  the  management  of  three  Trustees,  one  at  least  of 
whom  should  be  a  resident  of  Mills  County.  Children  between  the  ages  of  7 
and  18  years  are  admitted.  Ten  dollars  per  month  for  each  child  actually  sup- 
ported by  the  State  was  appropriated  by  the  act,  and  ^2,000  for  salaries  of 
officers  and  teachers  for  two  years. 

Hon.  J.  W.  Cattell,  of  Polk  County  ;  A.  J.  Russell,  of  Mills  County,  and 
W.  S.  Robertson,  were  appointed  Trustees,  Avho  held  their  first  meeting  at 
Glen  wood,  April  26,  1876.  Mr.  Robertson  was  elected  President;  Mr.  Russell, 
Treasurer,  and  Mr.  Cattell,  Secretary.  The  Trustees  found  the  house  and  farm 
which  had  been  turned  over  to  them  in  a  shamefully  dilapidated  condition.  The 
fences  were  broken  down  and  the  lumber  destroyed  or  carried  away ;  the  win- 
dows broken,  doors  off'  their  hinges,  floors  broken  and  filthy  in  the  extreme, 
cellars  reeking  with  offensive  odors  from  decayed  vegetables,  and  every  conceiv- 
able variety  of  filth  and  garbage ;  drains  obstructed,  cisterns  broken,  pump 
demoralized,  wind-mill  broken,  roof  leaky,  and  the  whole  property  in  the  worst 
possible  condition.  It  was  the  first  work  of  the  Trustees  to  make  the  house 
tenable.  This  was  done  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Russell.  At  the  request 
of  the  Trustees,  Dr.  Charles  T.  Wilbur,  Superintendent  of  the  Illinois  Asylum, 
visited  Glenwood,  and  made  many  valuable  suggestions,  and  gave  them  much 
assistance. 

0.  W.  Archibald,  M.  D.,  of  Glenwood,  Avas  appointed  Superintendent, 
and  soon  after  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Board,  vice  Cattell,  resigned. 
Mrs.  S.  A.  Archibald  was  appointed  Matron,  and  Miss  Maud  M.  Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The  Institution  was  opened  September  1,  1876 ;  the  first  pupil  admitted 
September  4,  and  the  school  was  organized  September  10,  with  only  five  pupils, 
which  number  had,  in  November,  1877,  increased  to  eighty-seven.  December 
1,  1876,  Miss  Jennie  Van  Dorin,  of  Fairfield,  was  employed  as  a  teacher  and 
in  the  Spring  of  1877,  Miss  Sabina  J.  Archibald  was  also  employed. 

THE  REFORM  SCHOOL. 
Eldora^  Hardin  County. 

By  "An  act  to  establish  and  organize  a  State  Reform  School  for  Juvenile 
Offenders,"  approved  March  31,  1868,  the  General  Assembly  established  a 
State  Reform  School  at  Salem,  Lee  (Henry)  County;  provided  for  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  to  consist  of  one  person  from  each  Congressional  District.  For  the 
purpose  of  immediately  opening  the  school,  the  Trustees  Avere  directed  to  accept 
the  proposition  of  the  Trustees  of  White's  Iowa  Manual  Labor  Institute,  at 
Salem,  and  lease,  for  not  more  than  ten  years,  the  lands,  buildings,  etc.,  of  the 
Institute,  and  at  once  proceed  to  prepare  for  and  open  a  reform  school  as  a 
temporary  establishment. 

The  contract  for  fitting  up  the  buildings  was  let  to  Clark  &  Haddock,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1868,  and  on  the  7th  of  October  following,  the  first  inmate  was 
received  from  Jasper  County.  The  law  provided  for  the  admission  of  children 
of  both  sexes  under  18  years  of  age.  In  1876,  this  was  amended,  so  that  they 
are  now  received  at  ages  over  7  and  under  16  years. 

April  19,  1872,  the  Trustees  were  directed  to  make  a  permanent  location 
for  the  school,  and  $45,000  Avas  appropriated  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary 
buildings.  The  Trustees  were  further  directed,  as  soon  as  practicable,  to 
organize  a  school  for  girls  in  the  buildings  where  the  boys  were  then  kept. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  203 

The  Trustees  located  the  school  at  Eldora,  Hardin  County,  and  in  the  Code 
of  1873,  it  is  permanently  located  there  by  law. 

The  institution  is  managed  by  five  Trustees,  who  are  paid  mileage,  but  no 
compensation  for  their  services. 

The  object  is  the  reformation  of  the  children  of  both  sexes,  under  the  age 
of  16  years  and  over  7  years  of  age,  and  the  law  requires  that  the  Trustees 
shall  require  the  boys  and  girls  under  their  charge  to  be  instructed  in  piety  and 
morality,  and  in  such  branches  of  useful  knowledge  as  are  adapted  to  their  age 
and  capacity,  and  in  some  regular  course  of  labor,  either  mechanical,  manufac- 
turing or  agricultural,  as  is  best  suited  to  their  age,  strength,  disposition  and 
capacity,  and  as  may  seem  best  adapted  to  secure  the  reformation  and  future 
benefit  of  the  boys  and  girls. 

A  boy  or  girl  committed  to  the  State  Reform  School  is  there  kept,  disci- 
plined, instructed,  employed  and  governed,  under  the  direction  of  the  Trustees, 
until  he  or  she  arrives  at  the  age  of  majority,  or  is  bound  out,  reformed  or 
legally  discharged.  The  binding  out  or  discharge  of  a  boy  or  girl  as  reformed, 
or  having  arrived  at  the  age  of  majority,  is  a  complete  release  from  all  penalties 
incurred  by  conviction  of  the  offense  for  which  he  or  she  was  committed. 

This  is  one  step  in  the  right  direction.  In  the  future,  however,  still  further 
advances  wdl  be  made,  and  the  right  of  every  individual  to  the  fruits  of  their 
labor,  even  while  restrained  for  the  public  good,  will  be  recognized. 

FISH  HATCHING  ESTABLISHMENT. 

Near  Anamosa,  Jones  County. 

The  Fifteenth  General  Assembly,  in  1874,  passed  "  An  act  to  provide  for 
the  appointment  of  a  Board  of  Fish  Commissioners  for  the  construction  of 
Fishways  for  the  protection  and  propagation  of  Fish,"  also  "An  act  to  provide 
for  furnishing  the  rivers  and  lakes  with  fish  and  fish  spawn."  This  act  appro- 
priated $8,000  for  the  purpose.  In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  first 
act  above  mentioned,  on  the  9th  of  April,  1874,  S.  B.  Evans  of  Ottumwa, 
Wapello  County  ;  B.  F.  Shaw  of  Jones  County,  and  Charles  A.  Haines,  of 
Black  Hawk  County,  were  appointed  to  be  Fish  Commissioners  by  the  Governor. 
These  Commissioners  met  at  Des  Moines,  May  10,  1874,  and  organized  by  the 
election  of  Mr.  Evans,  President ;  Mr.  Shaw,  Secretary  and  Superintendent, 
and  Mr.  Haines,  Treasurer. 

The  State  was  partitioned  into  three  districts  or  divisions  to  enable  the 
Commissioners  to  better  superintend  the  construction  of  fishways  as  required  by 
law.  That  part  of  the  State  lying  south  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad  was  placed  under  the  especial  supervision  of  Mr.  Evans ;  that  part  be- 
tween that  railroad  and  tlie  Iowa  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  Mr. 
Shaw,  and  all  north  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  Mr.  Haines.  At  this 
meeting,  the  Superintendent  was  authorized  to  build  a  State  Hatching  House ; 
to  procure  the  spawn  of  valuable  fish  adapted  to  the  waters  of  Iowa  ;  hatch  and 
prepare  the  young  fish  for  distribution,  and  assist  in  putting  them  into  the  waters 
of  the  State. 

In  compliance  with  these  instructions,  Mr.  Shaw  at  once  commenced  work, 
and  in  tlie  Summer  of  1874,  erected  a  "  State  Hatching  House"  near  Anamosa, 
20x40  feet,  two  stories ;  the  second  story  being  designed  for  a  tenement ;  the 
first  story  being  the  "hatching  room."  The  hatching  troughs  are  supplied 
with  water  from  a  magnificent  spring  four  feet  deep  and  about  ten  feet  in  diam- 
eter, affording  an  abundant  and  unfailing  supply  of  pure  running  water.  During 


204  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

the  first  year,  from  May  10, 1874,  to  May  10, 1875,  the  Commissioners  distributed 
within  the  State  100,000  Shad,  300,000  California  Sahnon,  10,000  Bass, 
80,000  Penobscot  (Maine)  Sahnon,  5,000  hmd-locked  Sahnon,  20,000  of 
other  species. 

By  act  approved  March  10,  1876,  the  hiwwas  amended  so  tliat  there  should 
be  but  one  instead  of  three  Fish  Commissioners,  and  B.  F.  Shaw  was  appointed, 
and  the  Commissioner^  was  authorized  to  purchase  twenty  acres  of  land,  on 
whicli  the  State  Hatching  House  was  located  near  Anamosa. 

In  the  Fall  of  1876,  Commissioner  Shaw  gathered  from  the  sloughs  of  the 
Mississippi,  where  they  would  have  been  destroyed,  over  a  million  and  a  half  of 
small  fish,  which  were  distributed  in  the  various  rivers  of  the  State  and  turned 
into  the  Mississippi. 

In  1875-6,  583,000  California  Salmon,  and  in  1877,  303,500  Lake  Trout 
were  distributed  in  various  rivers  and  lakes  in  the  State.  The  experiment  of 
stocking  the  small  streams  with  brook  trout  is  being  tried,  and  81,000  of  the 
speckled  beauties  were  distributed  in  1877.  In  1876,  100,000  young  eels  were 
distributed.     These  came  from  New  York  and  they  are  increasing  rapidly. 

At  the  close  of  1877,  there  were  at  least  a  dozen  private  fish  farms  in  suc- 
cessful operation  in  various  parts  of  the  State.  Commissioner  Shaw  is  en- 
thusiastically devoted  to  tlie  duties  of  his  office  and  has  performed  an  important 
service  for  the  people  of  the  State  by  his  intelligent  and  successful  operations. 

The  Sixteenth  General  Assembly  passed  an  act  in  1878,  prohibiting  the 
catching  of  any  kind  of  fish  except  Brook  Trout  from  March  until  June  of  each 
year.     Some  varieties  are  fit  for  food  only  during  this  period. 


THE  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  grants  of  public  lands  made  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  for  various  purposes, 
are  as  follows  : 


1. 

The  500,000  Acre  Grant. 

2. 

The  16th  Section  Grant. 

3. 

The  Mortgage  School  Lands. 

4. 

The  University  Gram. 

6. 

The  Saline  Grant. 

6. 

The  Des  Moines  River  Grant. 

7. 

The  Des  Moines  River  School  Lands. 

8. 

The  Swamp  Land  Grant. 

9. 

The  Railroad  Grant. 

10. 

The  Agricultural  College  Grant. 

I.      THE   FIVE   HUNDRED   THOUSAND   ACRE   GRANT. 

When  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  she  became  entitled  to 
500,000  acres  of  land  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  September  4, 
1841,  which  granted  to  each  State  therein  specified  500,000  acres  of  public  land 
for  internal  improvements ;  to  each  State  admitted  subsequently  to  the  passage 
of  the  act,  an  amount  of  land  which,  with  the  amount  that  might  have  been 
granted  to  her  as  a  Territory,  would  amount  to  500,000  acres.  AH  these  lands 
were  required  to  be  selected  within  the  limits  of  the  State  to  which  they  were 
granted. 

The  Constitution  cf  Iowa  declares  that  the  proceeds  of  this  grant,  together 
with  all  lands  then  granted  or  to  be  granted  by  Congress  for  the  benefit  of 
schools,  shall  constitute  a  perpetual  fund  for  the  support  of  schools  throughout 
the  State.     By  an  act  approved  January  15,  1849,  the  Legislature  established. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  205 

a  board  of  School  Fund  Comraissjoners,  and  to  that  board  was  confided  the 
selection,  care  and  sale  of  these  lands  for  the  benefit  of  the  School  Fund.  Until 
1855,  these  Commissioners  were  subordinate  to  the  Superinteudent  of  Public 
Instruction,  but  on  the  15th  of  January  of  that  year,  they  ^vere  clothed  with 
exclusive  authority  in  the  management  and  sale  of  school  lands.  Tlie  office  of 
School  Fund  Commissioner  was  abolished  March  23,  1858,  and  that  officer  in 
each  county  was  required  to  transfer  all  papers  to  and  make  full  settlement  with 
the  County  Judge.  By  this  act,  County  Judges  and  Township  Trustees  were 
made  the  agents  of  the  State  to  control  and  sell  the  sixteenth  sections;  but  no 
further  provision  Avas  made  for  the  sale  of  the  500,000  acre  grant  until  April 
3d,  1860,  wdien  the  entire  management  of  the  school  lands  Avas  committed  to 
the  Boards  of  Supervisors  of  the  several  counties. 

II.      THE    SIXTEENTH    SECTIONS. 

By  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  admitting  Iowa  to  the  Union,  there 
was  granted  to  the  new  State  the  sixteenth  section  in  every  township,  or  wliere 
that  section  had  been  sold,  other  lands  of  like  amount  for  the  use  of  schools. 
The  Constitution  of  the  State  provides  that  the  proceeds  arising  from  the  sale 
of  these  sections  shall  constitute  a  part  of  the  permanent  School  Fund.  The 
control  and  sale  of  these  lands  Avere  vested  in  the  School  Fund  Commissioners 
of  the  several  counties  until  March  23,  1858,  when  they  were  transferred  to  the 
County  Judges  and  Township  Trustees,  and  Avere  finally  placed  under  the 
supervision  of  the  County  Boards  of  Supervisors  in  January,  1861. 

III.      THE   MORTGAGE   SCHOOL   LANDS. 

These  do  not  belong  to  any  of  the  grants  of  land  proper.  They  are  lands 
that  have  been  mortgaged  to  the  school  fund,  and  became  school  lands  Avhen  bid 
off  by  the  State  by  virtue  of  a  huv  passed  in  1862.  Under  the  provisions  of  the 
law  regulating  the  management  and  investment  of  the  permanent  school  fund, 
persons  desiring  loans  from  that  fund  are  required  to  secure  the  payment  thereof 
with  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum,  by  promissory  notes  endorsed  by  two 
good  sureties  and  by  mortgage  on  unincumbered  real  estate,  which  must  be 
situated  in  the  county  where  the  loan  is  made,  and  Avhich  must  be  valued  by 
three  appraisers.  Making  these  loans  and  taking  the  required  securities  was 
made  the  duty  of  the  County  Auditor,  who  was  required  to  report  to  the  Board 
of  SuperA^isors  at  each  meeting  thereof,  all  notes,  mortgages  and  abstracts  of 
title  connected  Avith  the  school  fund,  for  examination. 

When  default  Avas  made  of  payment  of  money  so  secured  by  mortgage,  and 
no  arrangement  made  for  extension  of  time  as  the  laAV  provides,  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  were  authorized  to  bring  suit  and  prosecute  it  Avith  diligence  to 
secure  said  fund ;  and  in  action  in  favor  of  the  county  for  the  use  of  the  school 
fund,  an  injunction  may  issue  without  bonds,  and  in  any  such  action,  Avhen 
service  is  made  by  pul)lication,  default  and  judgment  may  be  entered  and 
enforced  Avithout  bonds.  In  case  of  sale  of  land  on  execution  founded  on  any 
such  mortgage,  the  attorney  of  the  board,  or  other  person  duly  authorized,  sliall, 
on  behalf  of  the  State  or  county  for  the  use  pf  said  fund,  bid  such  sum  as  the 
interests  of  said  fund  may  require,  and  if  struck  off  to  the  State  the  land  shall 
be  held  and  disposed  of  as  the  other  lands  belonging  to  the  fund.  These  lands 
are  known  as  the  Mortgage  School  Lands,  and  reports  of  them,  including 
description  and  amount,  are  re({uired  to  be  made  to  the  State  Land  Office, 


206  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


IV.       UNIVERSITY   LANDS. 


By  act  of  Congress,  July  20,  1840,  a  quantity  of  land  not  exceeding  two 
■f-ntire  townships  was  reserved  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa  for  the  use  and  support 
of  a  university  within  said  Territory  when  it  should  become  a  State.  This  land 
was  to  be  located  in  tracts  of  not  less  than  an  entire  section,  and  could  be  used 
for  no  other  purpose  than  that  designated  in  the  grant.  In  an  act  supplemental 
to  that  for  the  admission  of  Iowa,  March  3,  1845,  the  grant  was  renewed,  and  it 
-was  provided  that  the  lands  should  be  used  "solely  for  the  purpose  of  such 
university,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  may  prescribe." 

Under  this  grant  there  were  set  apart  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  for  the  use  of  the  State,  the  following  lands  : 

ACRES. 

In  the  Iowa  City  Land  District,  Feb.  26,  1849 20,150.49 

In  the  Fairfield  Land  District,  Oct.  17,  1849 9,685.20 

la  the  Iowa  City  Land  District,  Jan.  28,  1850 2,571.81 

In  tlie  Fairfield  Land  District,  Sept.  10,  1850 3,198.20 

In  the  Dubuque  Land  District,  May  19,  1852 10,552.24 

Total 45,957.94 

These  lands  were  certified  to  the  State  November  19,  1859.  The  University 
lands  are  placed  by  law  under  the  control  and  management  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Iowa  State  University.  Prior  to  1865,  there  had  been  selected 
and  located  under  282  patents,  22,892  acres  in  sixteen  counties,  and  23,036 
acres  unpatented,  making  a  total  of  45,928  acres. 

V. — SALINE    LANDS. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1845,  the  State  of  Iowa  was 
:granted  the  use  of  the  salt  springs  within  her  limits,  not  exceeding  twelve. 
By  a  subsequent  act,  approved  May  27,  1852,  Congress  granted  the  springs 
to  the  State  in  fee  simple,  together  with  six  sections  of  land  contiguous  to  each, 
to  be  disposed  of  as  the  Legislature  might  direct.  In  1861,  the  proceeds  of 
these  lands  then  to  be  sold  were  constituted  a  fund  for  founding  and  support- 
ing a  lunatic  asylum,  but  no  sales  were  made.  In  1856,  the  proceeds  of  the 
fialine  lands  were  appropriated  to  the  Insane  Asylum,  repealed  in  1858.  In 
1860,  the  saline  lands  and  funds  were  made  a  part  of  the  permanent  fund  of 
the  State  University.  These  lands  were  located  in  Appanoose,  Davis,  Decatur, 
Lucas,  Monroe,  Van  Buren  and  Wayne  Counties. 

VI. — THE   DES   MOINES   RIVER   GRANT. 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  August  8,  1846,  a  grant  of  land  was  made 
for  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  Des  Moines  Kiver,  as  follows : 

Beit  enadedby  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Un:ted  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled.  That  there  be,  and  hereby  is,  granted  to  said  Territory  of  Iowa,  for  the 
purpose  of  aiding  said  Territory  to  improve  the  navigation  of  the  Des  Moines  River  from  its 
mouth  to  the  Raccoon  Fork  (so  called)  in  said  Territory,  one  equal  moiety,  in  alternate  sections, 
of  the  public  lands  (remaining  unsold  and  not  otherwise  disposeil  of,  incumbered  or  appropri- 
ated], in  a  strip  five  miles  in  width  on  each  side  of  said  river,  to  be  selected  within  said  Terri- 
tory liy  an  agent  or  agents  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  thereof,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

Si:c.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  Thit  the  lands  hereby  granted  shall  not  be  conveyed 
or  disposed  of  by  said  Territory,  nor  by  any  State  to  be  formed  out  of  tlie  same,  except  as  said 
improvement  shall  progress;  that  is,  the  said  Territory  or  State  may  sell  so  much  of  said  lands 
as  shall  produce  the  sum  of  thirty  thousand  dollars,  and  then  the  sales  shall  cease  until  the  Gov- 
ernor of  said  Territory  or  State  shall  certify  the  fact  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  that 
-one-half  of  said  sum  has  been  expended   upon  said  improvements,  when  the  said    Territory  or 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  20T 

State  may  sell  and  convey  a  quantity  of  the  residue  of  said  lands  sufficient  to  replace  the  amount- 
expended,  and  thus  the  sales  shall  progress  as  the  proceeds  thereof  shall  be  expended,  and  the- 
fact  of  such  expenditure  shall  be  certified  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  said  River  Des  Moines  shall  be  and  forever- 
remain  a  public  highway  for  the  use  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  free  from  any  toll 
or  other  charge  whatever,  for  any  property  of  the  United  States  or  persons  in  their  service 
passing  through  or  along  the  same  :  Provided  ahoays,  That  it  shall  not  be  competent  for  the  said 
Territory  or  future  State  of  Iowa  to  dispose  of  said  lands,  or  any  of  them,  at  a  price  lower  than, 
for  the  time  being,  shall  be  the  minimum  price  of  other  public  lands. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  whenever  the  Territory  of  Iowa  shall  be  admitted 
into  the  Union  as  a  State,  the  lands  hereby  granted  for  the  above  purpose  shall  be  and  become 
the  property  of  said  State  for  the  purpose  contemplated  in  this  act,  and  for  no  other :  Provided 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Iowa  shall  accept  the  said  grant  for  the  said  purpose."  Approved 
Aug.  8,  1846. 

By  joint  resolution  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  approved  January  9, 
1847,  the  grant  was  accepted  for  the  purpose  specified.  By  another  act,  ap- 
proved February  24,  1847,  entited  "An  act  creating  the  Board  of  Public 
Works,  and  providing  for  the  improvement  of  the  Des  Moines  River,"  the 
Legislature  provided  for  a  Board  consisting  of  a  President,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  to  be  elected  by  the  people.  This  Board  was  elected  August  2, 
1847,  and  was  organized  on  the  22d  of  September  following.  The  same  act 
defined  the  nature  of  the  improvement  to  be  made,  and  provided  that  the  work 
should  be  paid  for  from  the  funds  to  be  derived  from  the  sale  of  lands  to  be 
sold  by  the  Board. 

Agents  appointed  by  the  Governor  selected  the  sections  designated  by  "odd 
numbers"  throughout  the  whole  exten't  of  the  grant,  and  this  selection  was  ap- 
proved by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  But  there  was  a  conflict  of  opinion 
as  to  the  extent  of  the  grant.  It  was  held  by  some  that  it  extended  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  only  to  the  Raccoon  Forks ;  others  held,  as  the 
agents  to  make  selection  evidently  did,  that  it  extended  from  the  mouth  to  the 
head  waters  of  the  river.  Richard  M.  Young,  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office,  on  the  23d  of  February,  1848,  construed  the  grant  to  mean  that 
"  the  State  is  entitled  to  the  alternate  sections  within  five  miles  of  the  Des 
Moines  River,  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  that  river  within  the  limits  of 
Iowa."  Under  this  construction,  the  alternate  sections  above  the  Raccoon 
Forks  would,  of  course,  belong  to  the  State;  but  on  the  19th  of  June,  1848, 
some  of  these  lands  were,  by  proclamation,  thrown  into  market.  On  the  18th 
of  September,  the  Board  of  Public  Works  filed  a  remonstrance  with  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  Office.  The  Board  also  sent  in  a  protest  to  the 
State  Land  Office,  at  which  the  sale  was  ordered  to  take  place.  On  the  8th  of 
January,  1849,  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Iowa  also 
protested  against  the  sale,  in  a  communication  to  Hon.  Robert  J.  Walker,  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  to  which  the  Secretary  replied,  concurring  in  the 
opinion  that  the  grant  extended  the  whole  length  of  the  Des  Moines  River  in 
Iowa. 

On  the  1st  of  June,  1849,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office 
directed  the  Register  and  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  at  Iowa  City  "  to  with- 
hold from  sale  all  lands  situated  in  the  odd  numbered  sections  within  five  miles 
on  each  side  of  the  Des  Moines  River  abuve  the  Raccoon  Forks."  March  13, 
1850,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  submitted  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  a  list  "showing  the  tracts  falling  within  the  limits  of  tlie  Des 
Moines  River  grant,  above  the  Raccoon  Forks,  etc.,  under  the  decision  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Trea.sury,  of  March  2,  1849,"  and  on  the  6th  of  April 
following,  Mr.  Ewing,  then  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  reversed  the  decision  of 
Secretary  Walker,  but  ordered  the  lands  to  be  witiiheld  from  sale  until  Con- 


208  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

gress  could  have  an  opportunity  to  pass  an  explanatory  act.  The  Iowa  author- 
ities appealed  from  this  decision  to  the  President  (Taylor),  who  referred  the 
matter  to  the  Attorney  General  (Mr.  Johnson).  On  the  19th  of  July,  Mr. 
Johnson  submitted  as  his  opinion,  that  by  tlie  terms  of  the  grant  itself,  it  ex- 
tended to  the  very  source  of  the  Des  Moines,  but  before  his  opinion  was  pub- 
lished President  Taylor  died.  When  Mr.  Tyler's  cabinet  was  formed,  the 
question  was  submitted  to  the  new  Attorney  General  (Mr.  Crittenden),  who,  on 
the  30th  of  June,  1851,  reported  that  in  his  opinion  the  grant  did  not  extend 
above  the  Raccoon  Forks.  Mr.  Stewart,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  concurred 
with  Mr.  Crittenden  at  first,  but  subsequently  consented  to  lay  the  Avhole  sub- 
ject before  the  President  and  Cabinet,  who  decided  in  favor  of  the  State. 

October  29,  1851,  Mr.  Stewart  directed  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  to  "submit  for  his  approval  such  lists  as  had  been  prepared,  and  to 
proceed  to  report  for  like  approval  lists  of  the  alternate  sections  claimed  by  the 
State  of  Iowa  above  the  Raccoon  Forks,  as  far  as  the  surveys  have  progressed, 
or  may  hereafter  be  completed  and  returned."  And  on  the  following  day,  three 
list4  of  these  lands  were  prepared  in  the  General  Land  Office. 

The  lands  approved  and  certified  to  the  State  of  Iowa  under  this  grant,  and 
all  lying  above  the  Raccoon  Forks,  are  as  follows : 

By  Secretary  Stewart,  Oct.  30,  1851 81,707.93  acres. 

March  10,  1852 143,908.37      " 

By  Secretary  McLellan,  Dec.  17,  1853 33,142.43     " 

Dec.  30,  1853 12,813.51      " 

Total 271, 572.24  acres. 

The  Commissioners  and  Register  of  tlie  Des  Moines  River  Improvement,  in 
their  report  to  the  Governor,  November  30,  1852,  estimates  the  total  amount  of 
lands  then  available  for  the  work,  including  those  in  possession  of  the  State  and 
those  to  be  surveyed  and  approved,  at  nearly  a  million  acres.  The  indebtedness 
then  standing  against  the  fund  was  about  $108,000,  and  the  Commissioners 
estimated  the  work  to  be  done  would  cost  about  $1,200,000. 

January  19,  1853,  the  Legislature  authorized  the  Commissioners  to  sell 
"  any  or  all  the  lands  which  have  or  may  hereafter  be  granted,  for  not  less  than 
$1,300,000." 

On  the  24th  of  January,  1853,  the  General  Assembly  provided  for  the  elec- 
tion of  a  Commissioner  by  the  people,  and  appointed  two  Assistant  Commission- 
ers, with  authority  to  make  a  contract,  selling  the  lands  of  the  Improvement 
for  $1,300,000.  This  new  Board  made  a  contract,  June  9,  1855,  with  the  Des 
Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company,  agreeing  to  sell  all  the  lands  donated 
to  the  State  by  Act  of  Congress  of  August  8,  1846,  whicli  the  State  had  not 
sold  prior  to  December  23,  1853,  for  $1,300,000,  to  be  expended  on  the  im- 
provement of  the  river,  and  in  paying  the  indebtedness  then  due.  This  con- 
tract was  duly  reported  to  the  Governor  and  General  Assembly. 

By  an  act  approved  January  25,  1855,  the  Commissioner  and  Register  of 
the  Des  Moines  River  Improvement  were  authorized  to  negotiate  with  the  Des 
Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company  for  the  purchase  of  lands  in  Webster 
County  which  had  been  sold  by  the  School  Fund  Commissioner  as  school  lands, 
but  which  had  been  certified  to  the  State  as  Des  Moines  River  lands,  and  had, 
therefore,  become  the  property  of  the  Company,  under  the  provisions  of  its 
contract  with  the  State. 

March  21,  1856,  the  old  question  of  the  extent  of  the  grant  was  again  raised 
and  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  decided  th.^    it  was  limited  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  209 

the  Raccoon  Fork.  Appeal  was  made  to  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Interior,  and  by 
him  the  matter  was  referred  to  the  Attorney  General,  who  decided  that  the  grant 
extended  to  the  northern  boundary  of  the  State;  the  State  relinquished  its 
claim  to  lands  lying  along  the  river  in  Minnesota,  and  the  vexed  question  was 
supposed  to  be  finally  settled. 

The  land  which  had  been  certified,  as  well  as  those  extending  to  the  north- 
ern boundary  witliin  the  limits  of  the  grant,  were  reserved  from  pre-emption 
and  sale  by  the  General  Land  Commissioner,  to  satisfy  the  grant  of  August  8, 
1846,  and  they  were  treated  as  having  passed  to  the  State,  which  from  time  to 
time  sold  portions  of  them  prior  to  their  final  transfer  to  the  Des  Moines  Navi- 
igation  &  Raih'oad  Company,  applying  the  proceeds  tliereof  to  the  improve- 
ment of  the  river  in  compliance  with  the  terms  of  the  grant.  Prior  to  the  final 
sale  to  the  Company,  June  9,  1854,  the  State  had  sold  about  327,000  acres,  of 
which  amount  58,880  acres  Avere  located  above  the  Raccoon  Fork.  The  last 
certificate  of  the  General  Land  Office  bears  date  December  30, 1853. 

After  June  9th,  1854,  the  Des  Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company 
carried  on  the  work  under  its  contract  with  the  State.  As  the  improvement 
progressed,  the  State,  from  time  to  time,  by  its  authorized  officers,  issued  to  the 
Company,,  in  payment  for  said  work,  certificates  for  lands.  But  the  General 
Land  Office  ceased  to  certify  lands  under  the  grant  of  1846.  The  State 
had  made  no  other  provision  for  paying  for  the  improvements,  and  disagree- 
ments and  misunderstanding  arose  between  the  State  authorities  and  the 
Company. 

March  22,  1858,  a  joint  resolution  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  submitting 
a  proposition  for  final  settlement  to  the  Company,  which  was  accepted.  The  Com- 
pany paid  to  the  State  ^20,000  in  cash,  and  released  and  conveyed  the  dredge  boat 
and  materials  named  in  the  resolution ;  and  the  State,  on  the  3d  of  May,  1858, 
executed  to  the  Des  Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company  fourteen  deeds 
or  patents  to  the  lands,  amounting  to  256,703.64  acres.  These  deeds  were 
intended  to  convey  all  the  lands  of  this  grant  certified  to  the  State  by  the  Gen- 
eral Government  not  previously  sold ;  but,  as  if  for  the  purpose  of  covering  any 
tract  or  parcel  that  might  have  been  omitted,  the  State  made  another  deed  of 
conveyance  on  the  18th  day  of  May,  1858.  These  fifteen  deeds,  it  is  claimed, 
by  the  Company,  convey  266,108  acres,  of  which  about  53,367  are  below  the 
Raccoon  Fork,  and  the  balance,  212,741  acres,  are  above  that  point. 

Besides  the  lands  deeded  to  the  Company,  the  State  had  deeded  to  individual 
purchasers  58,830  acres  above  the  Raccoon  Fork,  making  an  aggregate  of  271,- 
571  acres,  deeded  above  the  Fork,  all  of  which  had  been  certified  to  the  State 
by  the  Federal  Government. 

By  act  approved  March  28,  1858,  the  Legislature  donated  the  remainder  of 
the  grant  to  the  Keokuk,  Fort  Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  Railroad  Company, 
upon  condition  that  said  Company  assumed  all  liabilities  resulting  from  the  Des 
Moines  River  improvement  operations,  reserving  50,000  acres  of  the  land  in 
security  for  the  payment  thereof,  and  for  the  completion  of  the  locks  and  dams 
at  Bentonsport,  Croton,  Keosauqua  and  Plymouth.  For  every  three  thousand 
dollars'  worth  of  work  done  on  the  locks  and  dams,  and  for  every  three  thousand 
dollars  paid  by  the  Company  of  the  liabilities  above  mentioned,  the  Register  of 
the  State  Land  Office  was  instructed  to  certify  to  the  Company  1,000  acres  of 
the  50,000  acres  reserved  for  these  purposes.  Up  to  1865,  there  had  been  pre- 
sented by  the  Company,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  1858,  and  allowed, 
claims  amounting  to  §109,579.37,  about  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  which  had 
been  settled. 


210  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

After  the  passage  of  the  Act  above  noticed,  the  ([uestion  of  the  extent  of  the 
original  grant  was  again  mooted,  and  at  the  December  Term  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  in  1859-60,  a  decision  was  rendered  deckiring  that  the 
grant  did  not  extend  above  Raccoon  Fork,  and  that  all  certificates  of  land  above 
the  Fork  had  been  issued  without  authority  of  law  and  were,  therefore,  void 
(see  23  How.,  G6). 

The  State  of  Iowa  had  disposed  of  a  large  amount  of  laud  without  authority, 
according  to  this  decision,  and  appeal  was  made  to  Congress  for  relief,  which 
was  granted  on  the  3d  day  of  March,  1861,  in  a  joint  resolution  relinquishing 
to  the  State  all  the  title  which  the  United  States  then  still  retained  in  the  tracts 
of  land  along  the  Des  Moines  River  above  Raccoon  Fork,  that  had  been  im- 
properly certified  to  the  State  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and  which  is 
now  held  by  bona  fide  purchasers  under  the  State  of  Iowa. 

In  confirmation  of  this  relinquishment,  by  act  approved  July  12,  1862» 
Congress  enacted : 

That  the  grant  of  lands  to  the  then  Territory  of  Iowa  for  the  improvement  of  the  Des  ^Ioine» 
River,  made  by  the  act  of  August  8,  1846,  is  hereby  extended  so  as  to  include  the  alternate  sec- 
tions (designated  by  odd  numbers)  lying  within  five  miles  of  said  river,  between  the  Raccoon 
Fork  and  the  northern  boundary  of  said  State ;  such  lands  are  to  be  held  and  applied  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  the  original  grant,  except  that  the  consent  of  Congress  is  hereby  given 
to  the  application  of  a  portion  thereof  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  Keokuk,  Fort  Des  Moines 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  State  of  Iowa,  approved  March  22,  1858.  And  if  any  of  the  said  lands  shall  have  been  sold 
or  otherwise  disposed  of  ])y  the  United  States  before  the  passage  of  this  act,  except  tliose  released 
by  the  United  States  to  the  grantees  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  under  joint  resolution  of  March  •!, 
1861,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  directed  to  set  apart  an  equal  amount  of  lands  within 
said  State  to  be  certified  in  lieu  thereof;  Provtdeff,  that  if  the  State  shall  have  sold  and  conveyed 
any  portion  of  the  lands  lying  within  the  limits  of  the  grant  the  title  of  which  has  proved  invalid, 
any  lands  which  shall  be  certified  to  said  State  in  lieu  thereof  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  shall  inure  to  and  be  held  as  a  trust  fund  for  the  benefit  of  the  person  or  persons,  respect- 
ively, whose  titles  shall  have  failed  as  aforesaid. 

The  grant  of  lands  by  the  above  act  of  Congress  was  accepted  by  a  joint 
resolution  of  the  General  Assembly,  September  11,  1862,  in  extra  session.  On 
the  same  day,  the  Governor  was  authorized  to  appoint  one  or  more  Commis- 
sioners to  select  the  lands  in  accordance  with  the  grant.  These  Commissioners- 
were  instructed  to  report  their  selections  to  the  Registrar  of  the  State  Land 
Office.  The  lands  so  selected  were  to  be  held  for  the  purposes  of  the  grant,  and 
were  not  to  be  disposed  of  until  further  legislation  should  be  had.  D.  W.  Kil- 
burne,  of  Lee  County,  Avas  appointed  Commissioner,  and,  on  the  25th  day  of 
April,  1864,  the  General  Land  Officer  authorized  the  selection  of  300,000  acres 
from  the  vacant  public  lands  as  a  part  of  the  grant  of  July  12,  1862,  and  tlie 
selections  were  made  in  the  Fort  Dodge  and  Sioux  City  Land  Districts. 

Many  difficulties,  controversies  and  conflicts,  in  relation  to  claims  and  titles, 
grew  out  of  this  grant,  and  these  difficulties  were  enhanced  by  the  uncertainty 
of  its  limits  until  the  act  of  Congress  of  July,  1862.  But  the  General  Assem- 
bly sought,  by  wise  and  appropriate  legislation,  to  protect  the  integrity  of  titles 
derived  from  tlie  State.  E.specially  Avas  the  determination  to  protect  the  actual 
settlers,  who  had  paid  their  money  and  made  improvements  prior  to  the  final 
settlement  of  the  limits  of  the  grant  by  Congress. 

VII. — THE   DES    MOINES   RIVER   SCHOOL   LANDS. 

These  lands  constituted  a  part  of  the  500,000  acre  grant  made  by  Congress 
in  1841;  including  28,378.46  acres  in  Webster  County,  selected  by  the  Agent  of 
the  State  under  tliat  grant,  and  approved  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  February  20,  1851.      They  Avere  ordered  into  the  market  June  6, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  211 

1853,  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  who  authorized  John  Tol- 
man,  School  Fund  Commissioner  for  Webster  County,  to  sell  them  as  school 
lands.  Subsequently,  when  the  act  of  184(3  was  construed  to  extend  the  Des 
Moines  River  grant  above  Raccoon  Fork,  it  was  held  that  the  odd  numbered 
sections  of  these  lands  within  five  miles  of  the  river  were  appropriated  by  that 
act,  and  on  the  30th  day  of  December,  1853,  12,813.51  acres  were  set  apart 
and  approved  to  the  State  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  a  part  of  the 
Des  Moines  River  grant.  January  6,  1854,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  transmitted  to  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  a  certified 
copy  of  the  lists  of  these  lands,  indorsed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
^  Prior  to  this  action  of  the  Department,  however,  Mr.  Tolman  had  sold  to  indi- 
vidual purchasers  3,194.28  acres  as  school  lands,  and  their  titles  were,  of  course, 
killed.  For  their  relief,  an  act,  approved  April  2,  1860,  provided  that,  upon 
application  and  proper  showing,  these  purchasers  should  be  entitled  to  draw 
from  the  State  Treasury  the  amount  they  had  paid,  with  10  per  cent,  interest, 
on  the  contract  to  purchase  made  Avith  Mr.  Tolman.  Under  this  act,  five  appli- 
cations were  made  prior  to  lb(34,  and  the  applicants  received,  in  the  atTiTrea-ate, 
$949.53.  ,  ,^    ^     , 

By  an  act  approved  April  7,  1862,  the  Governor  was  forbidden  to  issue  to 
the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  Company  any  certificate  of  the  completion 
of  any  part  of  said  road,  or  any  conveyance  of  lands,  until  the  company  should 
execute  and  file,  in  the  State  ]jand  Office,  a  release  of  its  claim — first,  to  cer- 
tain swamp  lands ;  second,  to  the  Dcs  Moines  River  Lands  sold  by  Tolman ; 
third,  to  certain  other  river  lands.  That  act  provided  that  "  the  said  company 
shall  transfer  their  interest  in  those  tracts  of  land  in  Webster  and  Hamilton 
Counties  heretofore  sold  by  John  Tolman,  School  Fund  Commissioner,  to  the 
Register  of  the  State  Land  Office  in  trust,  to  enable  said  Register  to  carry  out 
and  perftrm  said  contracts  in  all  cases  Avhen  he  is  called  upon  by  the  parties 
interested  to  do  so,  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1864. 

The  company  filed  its  release  to  the  Tolman  lands,  in  the  Land  Office,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1864,  at  the  same  time  entered  its  protest  that  it  had  no  claim  upon 
them,  never  had  pretended  to  have,  and  had  never  sought  to  claim  them.  The 
Register  of  the  State  Land  Office,  under  the  advice  of  the  Attorney  General, 
decided  that  patents  would  be  issued  to  the  Tolman  purchasers  in  all  cases 
where  contracts  had  been  made  prior  to  December  23,  1853,  and  remaining 
uncanceled  under  the  act  of  1860.  But  before  any  were  issued,  on  the  27th  of 
August,  1864,  the  Des  Moines  Navigation  &  Railroad  Company  commenced  a 
suit  in  chancery,  in  the  District  Court  of  Polk  County,  to  enjoin  the  issue  of 
such  patents.  On  the  30th  of  August,  an  ex  j^ arte  injunction  was  issued.  In 
January,  1868,  Mr.  J.  A.  Harvey,  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  filed  in  the 
court  an  elaborate  answer  to  plaintiffs'  petition,  denying  that  the  company  had 
any  right  to  or  title  in  the  lands.  Mr.  Harvey's  successor,  Mr.  C.  C.  Carpen- 
ter, filed  a  still  more  exhaustive  answer  February  10,  1868.  August  3,  1868, 
the  District  Court  dissolved  the  injunction.  The  company  appealed  to  the 
Supreme  Court,  where  the  decision  of  the  lower  court  was  affirmed  in  December. 
1869. 

VIII. SWAMP    LAND    GRANT. 

By  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  28,  1850,  to  enable  Arkansas  and 
other  States  to  reclaim  swampy  lands  Avithin  their  limits,  granted  all  the  swamp 
and  overflowed  lands  remaining  unsold  within  their  respective  limits  to  the 
several  States.     Although  the  total  amount  claimed  by  Iowa  under  this  act 


212  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

does  not  exceed  4,000,000  acres,  it  has,  like  the  Des  ^loines  River  and  some 
of  the  Land  grants,  cost  the  State  considerable  trouble  and  expense,  and  required 
a  deal  of  legislation.  The  State  expended  large  sums  of  money  in  making  the 
selections,  securing  proofs,  etc.,  but  the  General  Government  appeared  to  be 
laboring  under  the  impression  that  Iowa  was  not  acting  in  good  faith  ;  that  she 
had  selected  a  large  amount  of  lands  under  the  swamp  land  grant,  transferred 
her  interest  to  counties,  and  counties  to  private  speculators,  and  the  General 
Land  Office  permitted  contests  as  to  the  character  of  the  lands  already  selected 
by  the  Agents  of  the  State  as  "swamp  lands."  Congress,  by  joint  resolution 
Dec.  18,  1856,  and  by  act  March  3,  1857,  saved  the  State  from  the  fatal  result 
of  this  ruinous  policy.  Many  of  these  lands  were  selected  in  1854  and  1855, 
immediately  after  several  remarkably  wet  seasons,  and  it  "vvas  but  natural  that 
some  portions  of  the  selections  would  not  appear  swampy  after  a  few  dry  seasons. 
Some  time  after  these  first  selections  were  made,  persons  desired  to  enter 
parcels  of  the  so-called  swamp  lands  and  oflfering  to  prove  them  to  be  dry.  In 
such  cases  the  General  Land  Office  ordered  hearing  before  the  local  land  officers, 
and  if  they  decided  tlie  land  to  be  dry,  it  was  permitted  to  be  entered  and  the 
claim  of  the  State  rejected.  Speculators  took  advantage  of  this.  Affidavits 
were  bought  of  irresponsible  and  reckless  men,  who,  for  a  few  dollars,  would 
confidently  testify  to  the  character  of  lands  they  never  saw.  These  applica- 
tions multiplied  until  they  covered  3,000,000  acres.  It  Avas  necessary  that 
Congress  should  confirm  all  these  selections  to  the  State,  that  this  gigantic 
scheme  of  fraud  and  plunder  might  be  stopped.  The  act  of  Congress  of 
March  3,  1857,  was  designed  to  accomplish  this  purpose.  But  the  Connnis- 
sioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  held  that  it  was  only  a  qualified  confirma- 
tion, and  under  this  construction  sought  to  sustain  the  action  of  the  Department 
in  rejecting  the  claim  of  the  State,  and  certifying  them  under  act  of  May  15, 
1856,  under  which  the  railroad  companies  claimed  all  swamp  land  in  odd  num- 
bered sections  within  the  limits  of  their  respective  roads.  This  action  led  to 
serious  comjdications.  When  the  railroad  grant  was  made,  it  was  not  intended 
nor  was  it  understood  that  it  included  any  of  the  swamp  lands.  These  were 
already 'disposed  of  by  previous  grant.  Nor  did  the  companies  expect  to 
receive  any  of  them,  but  under  the  decisions  of  the  Department  adverse  to  the 
State  the  way  was  opened,  and  they  Avere  not  slow  to  enter  their  claims.  March 
4,  1862,  the  Attorney  General  of  the  State  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly 
an  opinion  that  the  railroad  companies  were  not  entitled  even  to  contest  the 
right  of  the  State  to  these  lands,  under  the  swamp  land  grant.  A  letter  from 
the  Acting  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  expressed  the  same 
opinion,  and  the  General  Assembly  by  joint  resolution,  approved  April  7,  1862, 
expressly  repudiated  the  acts  of  the  railroad  companies,  and  disclaimed  any 
intention  to  claim  these  lands  under  any  other  than  the  act  of  Congress  of 
Sept.  28,  1850.  A  great  deal  of  legislation  has  been  found  necessary  in  rela- 
tion to  these  swamp  lands. 

IX. — THE    RAILROAD    GRANT. 

One  of  the  most  important  grants  of  public  lands  to  Iowa  for  purposes  of 
internal  improvement  Avas  that  known  as  the  '^Railroad  Grant,"  by  act  of 
Congress  approved  May  15,  1856.  This  act  granted  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  for 
the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  construction  of  railroads  from  Burlington,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  to  a  point  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  mouth  of  Platte 
River;  from  the  city  of  Davenport,  via  Iowa  City  and  Fort  Des  Moines  to 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  213 

■Council  Bluffs ;  from  Lyons  City  northwesterly  to  a  point  of  intersection  with 
the  main  line  of  the  Iowa  Central  Air  Line  Railroad,  near  Maquoketa ;  thence 
on  said  main  line,  running  as  near  as  practicable  to  the  Forty-second  Parallel ; 
across  the  said  State  of  Iowa  to  the  Missouri  River;  from  the  city  of  Dubuque 
to  a  point  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  Sioux  City,  with  a  branch  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Tete  des  Morts,  to  the  nearest  point  on  said  road,  to  be  com- 
pleted as  soon  as  the  main  road  is  completed  to  that  point,  every  alternate  section 
of  land,  designated  by  odd  numbers,  for  six  sections  in  width  on  each  side  of 
said  roads.  It  was  also  provided  that  if  it  should  appear,  when  the  lines  of  those 
roads  were  definitely  fixed,  that  the  United  States  had  sold,  or  right  of  pre- 
emption had  attached  to  any  portion  of  said  land,  the  State  Avas  authorized  to 
select  a  quantity  equal  thereto,  in  alternate  sections,  or  parts  of  sections,  within 
fifteen  miles  of  the  lines  so  located.  The  lands  remaining  to  the  United  States 
Avithin  six  miles  on  each  side  of  said  roads  were  not  to  be  sold  for  less  than  the 
double  minimum  price  of  the  public  lands  when  sold,  nor  were  any  of  said  lands 
to  become  subject  to  private  entry  until  they  had  been  first  offered  at  public 
sale  at  the  increased  price- 
Section  4  of  the  act  provided  that  the  lands  granted  to  said  State  shall  be 
disposed  of  by  said  State  only  in  the  manner  following,  that  is  to  say :  that  a 
quantity  of  land  net  exceeding  one  hundred  and  twenty  sections  for  each  of  said 
roads,  and  included  within  a  continuous  length  of  twenty  miles  of  each  of  said 
Toads,  may  be  sold ;  and  when  the  Governor  of  said  State  shall  certify  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  that  any  twenty  continuous  miles  of  any  of  said  roads 
is  completed,  then  another  quantity  of  land  hereby  granted,  not  to  exceed  one 
hundred  and  twenty  sections  for  each  of  said  roads  having  twenty  continuous 
miles  completed  as  aforesaid,  and  included  within  a  continuous  length  of  twenty 
miles  of  each  of  such  roads,  may  be  sold ;  and  so  from  time  to  time  until  said 
roads  are  completed,  and  if  any  of  said  roads  are  not  completed  within  ten 
jears,  no  further  sale  shall  be  made,  and  the  lands  unsold  shall  revert  to  the 
United  States." 

At  a  special  session  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  by  act  approved  July 
14,  1856,  the  grant  was  accepted  and  the  lands  were  granted  by  the  State  to 
the  several  railroad  companies  named,  provided  that  the  lines  of  their  respective 
roads  should  be  definitely  fixed  and  located  before  April  1,  1857 ;  and  pro- 
vided further,  that  if  either  of  said  companies  should  fail  to  have  seventy-five 
miles  of  road  completed  and  equipped  by  the  1st  day  of  December,  1859,  and 
its  entire  road  completed  by  December  1,  1865,  it  should  be  competent  for  the 
State  of  Iowa  to  resume  all  rights  to  lands  remaining  undisposed  of  by  the 
•company  so  failing. 

The  railroad  companies,  with  the  single  exception  of  the  loAva  Central  Air 
Line,  accepted  the  several  grants  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  above 
act,  located  their  respective  roads  and  selected  their  lands.  The  grant  to  the 
Iowa  Central  was  again  granted  to  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  Railroad 
Company,  which  accepted  them. 

By  act,  approved  April  7,  1862,  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  Com- 
pany was  required  to  execute  a  release  to  the  State  of  certain  swamp  and  school 
lands,  included  within  the  limits  of  its  grant,  in  compensation  for  an  extension 
of  the  time  fixed  for  the  completion  of  its  road. 

A  careful  examination  of  the  act  of  Congress  does  not  reveal  any  special 
reference  to  railroad  companies.  The  lands  were  granted  to  the  State,  and  the 
act  evidently  contemplate  the  sale  of  them  bi/  the  State,  and  the  approjiriation 
of  the  proceeds  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  certain  lines  of  railroad  within  its 


214  HISTORY  OF  TPIE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

limits.      Section  4  of  the  act  clearly  defines  the  authority  of  the  State  in  dis- 
posing of  the  lands. 

Lists  of  all  the  lands  embraced  by  the  grant  Avere  made,  and  certified  to  the 
State  by  the  proper  authorities.  Under  an  act  of  Congress  approved  August  3, 
1^54,  entitled  ^'An  act  to  vest  in  the  several  States  and  Territories  the  title  in 
fee  of  the  lands  ivhich  have  been  or  may  he  certified  to  them"  these  certified  lists, 
the  originals  of  which  are  filed  in  the  General  Land  Office,  conveyed  to  the  State 
"the  fee  simple  title  to  all  the  lands  embraced  in  such  lists  that  are  of  the  char- 
acter contemplated  "  by  the  terms  of  the  act  making  the  grant,  and  "intended 
to  be  granted  thereby ;  but  where  lands  embraced  in  such  lists  are  not  of  the 
character  embraced  by  such  act  of  Congress,  and  were  not  intended  to  be  granted 
thereby,  said  lists,  so  far  as  these  lands  are  concerned,  shall  be  perfectly  null 
and  void;  and  no  right,  title,  claim  or  interest  shall  be  conveyed  thereby." 
Those  certified  lists  made  under  the  act  of  May  15,  IS.'JG,  were  forty-three  in 
number,  viz.:  For  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  nine ;  for  the 
Mississippi  &  Missouri  Railroad,  11 ;  for  the  Iowa  Central  Air  Line,  thirteen ; 
and  for  the  Duburpie  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  ten.  The  lands  thus  approved  to 
the  State  were  as  follows  : 

Burlington  &  Missouri  River  R.  R 287,095.34  acres. 

Mississippi  &  Missouri  River  R.  K 774,674.36     " 

Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  R.  R 775,454.19     " 

Dubuque  &  bioux  City  R.  R 1,226,558.32     " 

A  portion  of  these  had  been  selected  as  swamp  lands  by  the  State,  under 
the  act  of  September  28,  1850,  and  these,  by  the  terms  of  the  act  of  August  3, 
1854,  could  not  be  turned  over  to  the  railroads  unless  the  claim  of  the  State  to 
them  as  swamp  was  first  rejected.  It  was  not  possible  to  determine  from  the 
records  of  the  State  Land  Office  the  extent  of  the  conflictinfT  claims  arisin";  under 
the  two  grants,  as  copies  of  the  swamp  land  selections  in  some  of  the  counties- 
were  not  filed  of  record.  The  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  however,  • 
prepared  lists  of  the  lands  claimed  by  the  State  as  swamp  under  act  of  September 
28,  1850,  and  also  claimed  by  the  railroad  companies  under  act  of  May  15,. 
1856,  amounting  to  553,298.33  acres,  the  claim  to  which  as  swamp  had  been 
rejected  by  the  Department.  These  were  consequently  certified  to  the  State  as 
railroad  lands.  llieroAvas  no  mode  other  than  the  act  of  July,  1856,  prescribed 
for  transferring  the  title  to  these  lands  from  the  State  to  the  companies.  The 
courts  had  decided  that,  for  the  purposes  of  the  grant,  the  lands  belonged  to  the 
State,  and  to  her  the  companies  f^hould  look  for  their  titles.  It  was  generally 
accepted  that  the  act  of  the  Legislature  of  July,  1856,  was  all  that  was  neces- 
sary to  complete  the  transfer  of  title.  It  was  assumed  that  all  the  rights  and 
powers  conferred  upon  the  State  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  May  14,  1856,  were 
by  the  act  of  the  General  Assembly  transferred  to  the  companies ;  in  other 
words,  that  it  was  designed  to  put  the  companies  in  the  place  of  the  State  as  the 
grantees  from  Congress — and,  therefore,  that  which  perfected  the  title  thereto 
to  the  State  perfected  the  title  to  the  companies  by  virtue  of  the  act  of  July, 
1856.  One  of  the  companies,  however,  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road Company,  was  not  entirely  satisfied  with  this  construction.  Its  managers 
thought  that  some  further  and  specific  action  of  the  State  authorities  in  addition 
to  the  act  of  the  Legislature  was  necessary  to  com))lete  their  title.  This  induced 
Gov.  Lowe  to  attach  to  the  certified  lists  his  official  certificate,  under  the  broad 
seal  of  the  State.  On  the  9th  of  November,  1859,  the  Governor  thus  certified 
to  them  (commencing  at  the  Missouri  River)  187.207.44  acres,  and  December 
27th,  43,775.70  acres,  an  aggregate  of  231,073.14  acres.     These  were  the  only 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  215 

lands  under  the  grant  that  Avere  certified  by  the  State  authorities  with  any 
design  of  perfecting  the  title  ah'eady  vested  in  the  company  by  the  act  of  July, 
1850.  The  lists  which  were  afterward  furnished  to  the  company  were  simply 
certified  by  the  Governor  as  being  correct  copies  of  the  lists  received  by  the 
State  from  the  United  States  General  Land  Office.  These  subsequent  lists 
embraced  lands  that  had  been  claimed  by  the  State  under  the  Swamp  Land 
Grant. 

It  Avas  urged  against  the  claim  of  the  Companies  that  the  effect  of  the  act 
of  the  Legislature  was  simply  to  substitute  them  for  the  State  as  parties  to  the 
grant.  1st.  That  the  lands  were  granted  to  the  State  to  be  held  in  trust  for  the 
accomplishment  of  a  specific  purpose,  and  therefore  the  State  could  not  part 
with  the  title  until  that  purpose  should  have  been  accomplished.  2d.  That  it 
w,as  not  the  intention  of  the  act  of  July  14, 1856,  to  deprive  the  State  of  the  con- 
trol of  the  lands,  but  on  the  contrary  that  she  should  retain  supervision  of  them 
and  the  right  to  withdraw  all  rights  and  powers  and  resume  the  title  condition- 
ally conferred  by  that  act  upon  the  companies  in  the  event  of  their  failure  to 
-complete  their  part  of  the  contract.  3d.  That  the  certified  lists  from  the  Gen- 
eral Land  Office  vested  the  title  in  the  State  only  by  virtue  of  the  act  of  Con- 
gress appi*oved  August  3,  1854.  The  State  Land  Office  held  that  the  proper 
construction  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1856,  when  accepted  by  the  companies,  was 
that  it  became  a  conditional  contract  that  might  ripen  into  a  positive  sale  of  the 
lands  as  from  time  to  time  the  work  should  progress,  and  as  the  State  thereby 
became  authorized  by  the  express  terms  of  the  grant  to  sell  them. 

This  appears  to  have  been  the  correct  construction  of  the  act,  but  by  a  sub- 
sequent act  of  Congress,  approved  June  2,  1864,  amending  the  act  of  1856,  the 
terms  of  the  grant  were  changed,  and  numerous  controversies  arose  between  the 
companies  and  the  State. 

The  ostensible  purpose  of  this  additional  act  was  to  allow  the  Davenport  & 
Council  Bluffs  Railroad  '"to  modify  or  change  the  location  of  the  uncompleted 
portion  of  its  line,"  to  run  through  the  town  of  Newton,  Jasper  County,  or  as 
nearly  as  practicable  to  that  point.  The  original  grant  had  been  made  to  the 
State  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  railroads  within  its  limits  and  not  to  the  com- 
panies, but  Congress,  in  1864,  appears  to  have  been  utterly  ignorant  of  what 
had  been  done  under  the  act  of  1856,  or,  if  not,  to  have  utterly  disregarded  it. 
The  State  had  accepted  the  original  grant.  The  Secretary  of  tbe  Interior  had 
already  certified  to  the  State  all  the  lands  intended  to  be  included  in  the  grant 
within  fifteen  miles  of  the  lines  of  the  several  railroads.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  Section  4,  of  the  act  of  May  15,  1856,  specifies  the  manner  of  sale  of 
these  lands  from  time  to  time  as  work  on  the  railroads  should  progress,  and  also 
provided  that  "if  any  of  said  roads  are  not  completed  within  ten  years,  no  fur- 
ther sale  shall  be  made,  and  the  lands  unsold  shall  revert  to  the  United  States." 
Having  vested  the  title  to  these  lands  in  trust,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  it  is  plain 
that  until  the  expiration  of  the  ten  years  there  could  be  no  reversion,  and  the 
State,  not  the  United  States,  must  control  them  until  the  grant  should  expire 
by  limitation.  The  United  States  authorities  could  not  rightfully  require  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  certify  directly  to  the  companies  any  portion  of 
the  lands  already  certified  to  the  State.  And  yet  Congress,  by  its  act  of  June 
2, 1864,  provided  that  whenever  the  Davenport  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  Com- 
pany should  file  in  the  General  Land  Office  at  Washington  a  map  definitely 
showing  such  new  location,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  should  cause  to  be  cer- 
tified and  conveyed  to  said  Company,  from  time  to  time,  as  the  road  progressed, 
out  of  any  of  the  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States,  not  sold,  reserved,  or 


216  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

otherwise  disposed  of,  or  to  which  a  pre-emption  chiira  or  right  of  homestead  had 
not  attached,  and  on  which  a  bona  fide  settlement  and  improvement  had  not 
been  made  under  color  of  title  derived  from  the  United  States  or  from  the  State 
of  Iowa,  within  six  miles  of  such  newly  located  line,  an  amount  of  land  per 
mile  equal  to  that  originally  authorized  to  be  granted  to  aid  in  the  construction, 
of  said  road  by  the  act  to  wliich  this  was  an  amendment. 

Tiie  term  "out  of  any  lands  belonr/inf/  to  tite  United  States,  not  sold,  re- 
served or  otherwise  disposed  of,  etc.,"  would  seem  to  indicate  that  Congress  did 
intend  to  grant  lands  already  granted,  but  when  it  declared  that  the  Company 
should  have  an  amount  per  mile  equal  to  that  originally  autlwrized  to  be  granted^ 
it  is  plain  that  the  framers  of  the  bill  were  ignorant  of  the  real  terms  of  the 
original  grant,  or  that  they  designed  that  the  United  States  should  resume  the 
title  it  had  already  parted  with  two  years  before  the  lands  could  revert  to  the 
United  States  under  the  original  act,  Avhich  was  not  repealed. 

A  similar  change  was  made  in  relation  to  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri 
Railroad,  and  dictated  the  conveyance  of  lands  in  a  similar  manner. 

Like  provision  was  made  for  the  Dubuque  k,  Sioux  City  Railroad,  and  the 
Company  was  permitted  to  change  the  location  of  its  line  between  Fort  Dodge 
and  Sioux  City,  so  as  to  secure  the  best  route  between  those  points ;  but  this 
change  of  location  was  not  to  impair  the  right  to  the  land  granted  in  the  orig- 
inal act,  nor  did  it  change  the  location  of  those  lands. 

By  the  same  act,  the  Mississippi  &  Missouri  Railroad  Company  was  author- 
ized to  transfer  and  assign  all  or  any  part  of  the  grant  to  any  other  company  or 
person,  "■  if,  in  the  opinion  of  said  Company,  the  construction  of  said  railroad 
across  the  State  of  Iowa  would  be  thereby  sooner  and  more  satisfactorily  com- 
pleted ;  but  such  assignee  should  not  in  any  case  be  released  from  the  liabilities 
and  conditions  accompanying  this  grant,  nor  acquire  perfect  title  in  any  other 
manner  than  the  same  would  have  been  acquired  by  the  original  grantee." 

Still  further,  tlie  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad  was  not  forgotten, 
and  was,  by  the  same  act,  empowered  to  receive  an  amount  of  land  per  mile 
equal  to  that  mentioned  in  the  original  act,  and  if  that  could  not  be  found  within 
the  limits  of  six  miles  from  the  line  of  said  road,  then  such  selection  might 
be  made  along  such  line  within  twenty  miles  thereof  out  of  any  public  lands 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  not  sold,  reserved  or  otherwise  disposed  of,  or 
to  which  a  pre-emption  claim  or  right  of  homestead  had  not  attached. 

Those  acts  of  Congress,  which  evidently  originated  in  the  "lobby,"  occa- 
sioned much  controversy  and  trouble.  The  Department  of  the  Interior,  how- 
ever, recognizing  the  fact  that  when  the  Secretary  had  certified  the  lands  to  the 
State,  under  the  act  of  1856,  that  act  divested  the  United  States  of  title,  under 
the  vesting  act  of  August,  1854,  refused  to  review  its  action,  and  also  refused 
to  order  any  and  all  investigations  for  establishing  adverse  claims  (except  in. 
pre-emption  cases),  on  the  ground  that  the  United  States  had  parted  with  the 
title,  and,  therefore,  could  exercise  no  control  over  the  land. 

May  12,  1864,  before  the  passage  of  the  amendatory  act  above  described. 
Congress  granted  to  tiie  State  of  Iowa,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  a  railroad 
from  McGregor  to  Sioux  City,  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  McGregor  Western 
Railroad  Company,  every  alternate  section  of  land,  designated  by  odd  numbers, 
for  ten  sections  in  width  on  each  side  of  the  proposed  road,  reserving  the  right 
to  substitute  other  lands  whenever  it  was  found  tliat  the  grant  infringed  upon 
pre-empted  lands,  or  on  lands  that  had  been  reserve<l  or  disposed  of  for  any  other 
purpose.  In  such  cases,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Avas  instructed  to  select,  in 
lieu,  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States  lying  nearest  to  the  limits  specified. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  217 

X. — AGRICULTURAL    COLLEGE   AND    FARM    LANDS. 

An  Agricultural  College  and  Model  Farm  was  established  by  act  of  the 
General  Assembly,  approved  March  22,  1858.  By  the  eleventh  section  of  the 
act,  the  proceeds  of  the  five-section  grant  made  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the 
erection  of  public  buildings  was  appropriated,  subject  to  the  approval  of  Con- 
gress, together  with  all  lands  that  Congress  might  thereafter  grant  to  the  State 
for  the  purpose,  for  the  benefit  of  the  institution.  On  the  23d  of  March,  by 
joint  resolution,  the  Legislature  asked  the  consent  of  Congress  to  the  proposed 
transfer.  By  act  approved  July  11,  1862,  Congress  removed  the  restrictions 
imposed  in  the  "five-section  grant,"  and  authorized  the  General  Assembly  to 
make  such  disposition  of  the  lands  as  should  be  deemed  best  for  the  interests  of 
the  State.  By  these  several  acts,  the  five  sections  of  land  in  Jasper  County 
certified  to  the  State  to  aid  in  the  erection  of  public  buildings  under  the  act  of 
March  3,  1845,  entitled  "  An  act  supplemental  to  the  act  for  the  admission  of 
the  States  of  Iowa  and  Florida  into  the  Union,"  were  fully  appropriated  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College  and  Farm.  The  institution  is 
located  in  Story  County.  Seven  hundred  and  twenty-one  acres  in  that  and 
two  hundred  in  Boone  County  were  donated  to  it  by  individuals  interested  in 
the  success  of  the  enterprise. 

By  act  of  Congress  approved  July  2,  1862,  an  appropriation  was  made  to 
each  State  and  Territory  of  30,000  acres  for  each  Senator  and  Representative 
in  Congress,  to  which,  by  the  apportionment  under  the  census  of  1860,  thev 
were  respectively  entitled.  This  grant  was  made  for  the  purpose  of  endowing 
colleges  of  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts. 

Iowa  accepted  this  grant  by  an  act  passed  at  an  extra  session  of  its  Legis- 
lature, approved  September  11,  1862,  entitled  "An  act  to  accept  of  the  grant, 
and  carry  into  execution  the  trust  conferred  upon  the  State  of  Iowa  by  an  act 
of  Congress  entitled  '  An  act  granting  public  lands  to  the  several  States  and 
Territories  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the 
mechanic  arts,'  approved  July  2,  1862."  This  act  made  it  the  duty  of  the 
Governor  to  appoint  an  agent  to  select  and  locate  the  lands,  and  provided 
that  none  should  be  selected  that  were  claimed  by  any  county  as  swamp 
lands.  The  agent  was  required  to  make  report  of  his  doings  to  the  Governor, 
who  was  instructed  to  submit  the  list  of  selections  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Agricultural  College  for  their  approval.  One  thousand  dollars  were  appro- 
priated to  carry  the  law  into  effect.  The  State,  having  two  Senators  and  six 
Representatives  in  Congress,  was  entitled  to  240,000  acres  of  land  under  this 
grant,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  and  maintaining  an  Agricultural  College. 
Peter  Melendy,  Esq.,  of  Black  Hawk  County,  was  appointed  to  make  the  selec- 
tions, and  during  August,  September  and  December,  1863,  located  them  in  the 
Fort  Dodge,  Des  Moines  and  Sioux  City  Land  Districts.  December  8,  1864, 
these  selections  were  certified  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office, 
and  were  approved  to  the  State  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  December  13, 
1864.  The  title  to  these  lands  was  vested  in  the  State  in  fee  simple,  and  con- 
flicted with  no  other  claims  under  other  grants. 

The  agricultural  lands  were  approved  to  the  State  as  240,000.96  acres;  but 
as  35,691.66  acres  were  located  within  railroad  limits,  Avhich  were  computed  at 
the  rate  of  two  acres  for  one,  the  actual  amount  of  land  approved  to  the  State 
under  this  grant  was  only  204,309.30  acres,  located  as  follows: 

In  Des  Moines  Land  District 6,804.96  acres. 

In  Sioux  City  Land  District 59,025.37      " 

In  Fort  Dodge  Land  District 138,478.97      " 


218  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

By  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  29,  1864,  entitled,  "  An 
act  authorizing  the  Trustees  of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College  and  Farm 
to  sell  all  lands  acquired,  granted,  donated  or  appropriated  for  the  benefit  of 
said  college,  and  to  make  an  investment  of  the  proceeds  thereof,"  all  these  lands 
were  granted  to  the  Agricultural  College  and  Farm,  and  the  Trustees  were  au- 
thorized to  take  possession,  and  sell  or  lease  them.  They  were  then,  under  the 
control  of  the  Trustees,  lands  as  follows  : 

Under  the  act  of  July  2,  1852 204,309.30  acres. 

Of  the  five-section  grant 8,200.00      " 

Lands  donated  in  Story  County _. 72\.00      " 

Lands  donated  in  Boone  County •. 200.00      " 

Total 1 208,430.30  acres. 

The  Trustees  opened  an  office  at  Fort  Dodge,  and  appointed  Hon.  G.  W* 
Bassett  their  agent  for  the  sale  of  these  lands. 

THE  PUBLIC   SCHOOLS. 

The  germ  of  the  free  public  school  system  of  Iowa,  which  now  ranks  sec- 
ond to  none  in  the  United  States,  was  planted  by  the  first  settlers.  They  had 
migrated  to  the  "  The  Beautiful  Land"  from  other  and  older  States,  where  the 
common  school  system  had  been  tested  by  many  years'  experience,  bringing 
with  them  some  knowledge  of  its  advantages,  which  they  determined  should  be 
enjoyed  by  the  children  of  the  land  of  their  adoption.  The  system  thus  planted 
was  expanded  and  improved  in  the  broad  fields  of  the  West,  until  now  it  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  most  complete,  comprehensive  and  liberal  in  the 
country. 

Nor  is  this  to  be  wondered  at  when  it  is  remembered  humble  log  school 
houses  were  built  almost  as  soon  as  the  log  cabin  of  the  earliest  settlers  were 
occupied  by  their  brave  builders.  In  the  lead  mining  regions  of  the  State,  the 
first  to  be  occupied  by  the  white  race,  the  hardy  pioneers  provided  the  means 
for  the  education  of  their  children  even  before  they  had  comfortable  dwellings 
for  their  families.  School  teachers  were  among  the  first  immigrants  to  Iowa. 
Wherever  a  little  settlement  was  made,  the  school  house  Avas  the  first  united 
public  act  of  the  settlers;  and  the  rude,  primitive  structures  of  the  early  time 
only  disappeared  when  the  communities  had  increased  in  population  and  wealth, 
and  were  able  to  replace  them  with  more  commodious  and  comfortable  buildings. 
Perhaps  in  no  single  instance  has  the  magnificent  progress  of  the  State  of  Iowa 
been  more  marked  and  rapid  than  in  her  common  school  system  and  in  her  school 
houses,  which,  long  since,  superseded  the  log  cabins  of  the  first  settlers.  To- 
day, the  school  houses  which  everywhere  dot  the  broad  and  fertile  prairies  of 
Iowa  are  unsurpassed  by  those  of  any  other  State  in  the  great  Union.  More 
especially  is  this  true  in  all  her  cities  and  villages,  where  liberal  and  lavish 
appropriations  have  been  voted,  by  a  generous  people,  for  the  erection  of  large, 
commodious  and  elegant  buildings,  furnished  with  all  the  modern  improvements, 
and  costing  from  |1 0,000  to  ,1$G0,000  each.  The  people  of  the  State  have  ex- 
pended more  than  $10,000,000  for  the  erection  of  public  school  buildings. 

The  first  house  erected  in  Iowa  was  a  log  cabin  at  Dubuque,  built  by  James 
L.  Langworthy  and  a  few  other  miners,  in  the  Autumn  of  1833.  When  it  was 
completed,  George  Cabbage  was  employed  as  teacher  during  the  Winter  of 
lS:]3-4,  and  thirty-five  pupils  attended  his  school.  Barrett  Whittemore  taught 
the  second  term  with  twentv-five  pupils  in  attendance.     Mrs.  Caroline  Dexter 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATP]  OF  IOWA.       /  219 

commenced  teaching  in  Dubuque  in  March,  1836.  She  was  the  first  female 
teacher  there,  and  probably  the  first  in  Iowa.  In  1839,  Thomas  H.  Benton, 
Jr.,  afterward  for  ten  years  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  opened  an 
English  and  classical  school  in  Dubuque.  The  first  tax  for  the  support  of 
schools  at  Dubuque  was  levied  in  1840. 

Among  the  first  buildings  erected  at  Burlington  was  a  commodious  log  school 
house  in  1834,  in  which  Mr.  Johnson  Pierson  taught  the  first  school  in  the 
Winter  of  1834-5. 

The  first  school  in  Muscatine  County  was  taught  by  George  Bumgardner, 
in  the  Spring  of  1837,  and  in  1839,  a  log  school  house  was  erected  in  Musca- 
tine, which  served  for  a  long  time  for  school  house,  church  and  public  hall. 
The  first  school  in  Davenport  was  taught  in  1838.  In  Fairfield,  Miss  Clarissa 
Sawyer,  James  F.  Chambers  and  Mrs.  Reed  taught  school  in  1839. 

When  the  site  of  Iowa  City  was  selected  as  the  capital  of  the  Territory  of 
Iowa,  in  May,  1839,  it  was  a  perfect  wilderness.  The  first  sale  of  lots  took 
place  August  18,  1839,  and  before  January  1,  1840,  about  twenty  families  had 
settled  within  the  limits  of  the  town ;  and  during  the  same  year,  Mr.  Jesse 
Berry  opened  a  school  in  a  small  frame  building  he  had  erected,  on  what  is  now 
College  street. 

The  first  settlement  in  Monroe  County  was  made  in  1843,  by  Mr.  John  R. 
Gray,  about  two  miles  from  the  present  site  of  Eddyville;  and  in  the  Summer 
of  1844,  a  log  school  house  was  buUt  by  Gray,  William  V.  Beedle,  C.  Renfro, 
Joseph  McMullen  and  Willoughby  Randolph,  and  the  first  school  was  opened 
by  Miss  Urania  Adams.  The  building  was  occupied  for  school  purposes  for 
nearly  ten  years.  About  a  year  after  the  first  cabin  was  built  at  Oskaloosa,  a 
log  school  house  was  built,  in  which  school  was  opened  by  Samuel  W.  Caldwell 
in  1844. 

At  Fort  Des  Moines,  now  the  capital  of  the  State,  the  first  school  was 
taught  by  Lewis  Whitten,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  in  the  Winter  of  1846-7, 
in  one  of  the  rooms  on  "  Coon  Row,"  built  for  barracks. 

The  first  school  in  Pottawattomie  County  was  opened  by  George  Green,  a 
Mormon,  at  Council  Point,  prior  to  1849 ;  and  until  about  1854,  nearly,  if  not 
quite,  all  the  teachers  in  that  vicinity  were  Mormons. 

The  first  school  in  Decorah  was  taught  in  1853,  by  T.  W.  Burdick,  then  a 
young  man  of  seventeen.  In  Osceola,  the  first  school  was  opened  by  Mr.  D. 
W.  Scoville.  The  first  school  at  Fort  Dodge  was  taught  in  1855,  by  Cyrus  C. 
Carpenter,  since  Governor  of  the  State.  In  Crawford  County,  the  first  school 
house  was  built  in  Mason's  Grove,  in  1856,  and  Morris  McHenry  first  occupied 
it  as  teacher. 

During  the  first  twenty  years  of  the  history  of  Iowa,  the  log  school  house  pre- 
vailed, and  in  1861,  there  were  893  of  these  primitive  structures  in  use  for 
school  purposes  in  the  State.  Since  that  time  they  have  been  gradually  dis- 
appearing.    In  1865,  there  were  796;  in  1870,  336,  and  in  1875,  121. 

Iowa  Territory  was  created  July  3,  1838.  January  1,  1839,  the  Territorial 
Legislature  passed  an  act  providing  that  "  there  shall  bo  established  a  common 
school,  or  schools  in  each  of  the  counties  in  this  Territory,  which  shall  be 
open  and  free  for  every  class  of  white  citizens  between  the  ages  of  five  and 
twenty-one  years."  The  second  section  of  the  act  provided  that  "  the  County 
Board  shall,  from  time  to  time,  form  such  districts  in  their  respective  counties 
whenever  a  petition  may  be  presented  for  the  purpose  by  a  majority  of  the 
voters  resident  within  such  contemplated  district."  These  districts  were  gov- 
erned by  boards  of  trustees,  usually  of  three  persons  ;  each  district  was  required 


220  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

to  maintain  school  at  least  three  luontlis  in  every  year ;  and  later,  laws  were 
enacted  providing  for  county  school  taxes  for  the  payment  of  teachers,  and  that 
whatever  additional  sum  might  be  required  should  be  assessed  upon  the  parents 
sending,  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  time  sent. 

When  Iowa  Territory  became  a  State,  in  1846,  with  a  population  of  100,- 
000,  and  with  20,000  scholars  within  its  limits,  about  four  hundred  school  dis- 
tricts had  been  organized.  In  1850,  there  were  1,200,  and  in  1857,  the 
number  had  increased  to  3,265. 

In  March,  1858,  upon  the  recommendation  of  Hon.  M.  L.  Fisher,  then  Su- 
perintendent of  Public  Instruction,  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  enacted  that 
"  each  civil  township  is  declared  a  school  district,"  and  provided  that  these  should 
be  divided  into  sub-districts.  This  law  went  into  force  March  20,  1858,  and 
reduced  the  number  of  school  districts  from  about  3,500  to  less  than  900. 

This  change  of  school  organization  resulted  in  a  very  material  reduction  of 
the  expenditures  for  the  compensation  of  District  Secretaries  and  Treasurers. 
An  eifort  was  made  for  several  years,  from  1867  to  1872,  to  abolish  the  sub- 
district  system.  Mr.  Kiss  11,  Superintendent,  recommended,  in  his  report  of 
January  1,  1872,  and  Governor  Merrill  forcibly  endorsed  his  views  in  his  annual 
message.  But  the  Legislature  of  that  year  provided  for  the  formation  of  inde- 
pendent districts  from  the  sub-districts  of  district  townships. 

The  system  of  graded  schools  was  inaugurated  in  1849  ;  and  new  schools,  in. 
which  more  than  one  teacher  is  employed,  are  universally  graded. 

The  first  official  mention  of  Teachers'  Institutes  in  the  educational  records 
of  Iowa  occurs  in  the  annual  report  of  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr.,  made 
December  2,  1850,  who  said,  "  An  institution  of  this  character  Avas  organized  a 
few  years  ago,  composed  of  the  teachers  of  the  mineral  regions  of  Illinois, 
Wisconsin  and  Iowa.  An  association  of  teachers  has,  also,  been  formed  in  the 
county  of  Henry,  and  an  effort  was  made  in  October  last  to  organize  a  regular 
institute  in  the  county  of  Jones."  At  that  time — although  the  beneficial 
influence  of  these  institutes  was  admitted,  it  was  urged  that  the  expenses  of 
attending  them  was  greater  than  teachers  with  limited  compensation  were  able 
to  bear.  To  obviate  this  objection,  Mr.  Benton  recommended  that  '*  the  sum  of 
$150  should  be  appropriated  annually  for  three  years,  to  be  drawn  in  install- 
ments of  $50  each  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  expended 
for  these  institutions."  He  proposed  that  three  institutes  should  be  held  annu- 
ally at  points  to  be  designated  by  the  Superintendent. 

No' legislation  in  this  direction,  however,  was  had  until  March,  1858,  when 
an  act  was  passed  authorizing  tlie  holding  of  teachers'  institutes  for  periods  not 
less  than  six  working  days,  whenever  not  less  than  thirty  teachers  should  desire. 
The  Superintendent  was  authorized  to  expend  not  exceeding  $100  for  any  one 
institute,  to  be  paid  out  by  the  County  Superintendent  as  the  institute  might 
direct  for  teachers  and  lecturers,  and  one  thousand  dollars  was  appropriated  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  these  institutes. 

Deceml)er  6,  1858,  Mr.  Fisher  reported  to  the  Board  of  Education  that 
institutes  had  been  appointed  in  twenty  counties  within  the  preceding  six  months, 
and  more  wouM  have  been,  but  the  appropriation  had  been  exhausted. 

The  Board  of  Education  at  its  first  session,  conmiencing  December  6,  1858, 
enacted  a  code  of  school  laws  Avhich  retained  the  existing  provisions  for  teachers' 
institutes. 

In  March,  1860,  the  General  Assembly  amended  the  act  of  the  Board  by 
appropriating  "  a  sum  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars  annually  for  one  such  institute, 
held  as  provided  by  law  in  each  county." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  221 

In  1865,  Mr.  Faville  reported  that  "  the  provision  made  by  the  State  for  the 
benefit  of  teachers'  institutes  has  never  been  so  fully  appreciated,  both  by  the 
people  and  the  teachers,  as  during  the  last  two  years." 

By  act  approved  March  19,  1874,  Normal  Institutes  were  established  in 
each  county,  to  be  held  annually  by  the  County  Superintendent.  This  was. 
regarded  as  a  very  decided  step  in  advance  by  Mr.  Abernethy,  and  in  1876  the 
Sixteenth  General  Assembly  established  the  first  permanent  State  Normal 
School  at  Cedar  Falls,  Black  Hawk  County,  appropriating  the  building  and 
property  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  at  that  place  for  that  purpose.  This 
school  is  now  "  in  the  full  tide  of  successful  experiment." 

The  public  school  system  of  Iowa  is  admirably  organized,  and  if  the  various 
officers  who  are  entrusted  with  the  educational  interests  of  the  commonwealth 
are  faithful  and  competent,  should  and  will  constantly  improve. 

"  The  public  schools  are  supported  by  funds  arising  from  several  sources. 
The  sixteenth  section  of  every  Congressional  Township  was  set  apart  by  the 
General  Government  for  school  purposes,  being  one-thirty-sixth  part  of  all  the 
lands  of  the  State.  The  minimum  price  of  these  lands  was  fixed  at  one  dollar 
and  twenty-five  cents  per  acre.  Congress  also  made  an  additional  donation  ta 
the  State  of  five  hundred  thousand  acres,  and  an  appropriation  of  five  per  cent, 
on  all  the  sales  of  public  lands  to  the  school  fund.  The  State  gives  to  this 
fund  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  all  lands  which  escheat  to  it ;  the  proceeds  of 
all  fines  for  the  violation  of  the  liquor  and  criminal  laws.  The  money  derived 
from  these  sources  constitutes  the  permanent  school  fund  of  the  State,  which 
cannot  be  diverted  to  any  other  purpose.  The  penalties  collected  by  the  courts 
for  fines  and  forfeitures  go  to  the  school  fund  in  the  counties  where  collected. 
The  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lands  and  the  five  per  cent,  fund  go  into  the  State 
Treasury,  and  the  State  distributes  these  proceeds  to  the  several  counties  accord- 
ing to  their  request,  and  the  counties  loan  the  money  to  individuals  for  long 
terms  at  eight  per  cent,  interest,  on  security  of  land  valued  at  three  times  the 
amount  of  the  loan,  exclusive  of  all  buildings  and  improvements  thereon.  The 
interest  on  these  loans  is  paid  into  the  State  Treasury,  and  becomes  the  avail- 
able school  fund  of  the  State.  The  counties  are  responsible  to  the  State  for  all 
money  so  loaned,  and  the  State  is  likewise  responsible  to  the  school  fund  for  all 
moneys  transferred  to  the  counties.  The  interest  on  these  loans  is  apportioned 
by  the  State  Auditor  semi-annually  to  the  several  counties  of  the  State,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  five  and  twenty-one  years. 
The  counties  also  levy  an  annual  tax  for  school  purposes,  which  is  apportioned 
to  the  several  district  townships  in  the  same  way.  A  district  tax  is  also 
levied  for  the  same  purpose.  The  money  arising  from  these  several  sources 
constitutes  the  support  of  the  public  schools,  and  is  sufficient  to  enable 
every  sub-district  in  the  State  to  afford  from  six  to  nine  months'  school 
each  year." 

The  taxes  levied  for  the  support  of  schools  are  self-imposed.  Under  the 
admirable  school  laws  of  the  State,  no  taxes  can  be  legally  assessed  or  collected 
for  the  erection  of  school  houses  until  they  have  been  ordered  by  the  election  of 
the  district  at  a  school  meeting  legally  called.  The  school  houses  of  Iowa  are 
the  pride  of  the  State  and  an  honor  to  the  people.  If  they  have  been  some- 
times built  at  a  prodigal  expense,  the  tax  payers  have  no  one  to  blame  but 
themselves.  The  teacliers'  and  contingent  funds  are  determined  by  the  Board  of 
Directors  under  certain  legal  restrictions.  These  boards  are  elected  annually, 
except  in  the  independent  districts,  in  which  the  board  may  be  entirely  changed 
every  three  years.     The  only  exception  to  this  mode  of  levying  taxes  for  support 


■^22  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

of  schools  is  the  county  school  tax,  which  is  detei'mined  by  the  County  Board 
of  Supervisors.  The  tax  is  from  one  to  three  mills  on  the  dollar ;  usually, 
however,  but  one.  Mr.  Abernethy,  who  was  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion from  1872  to  1877,  said  in  one  of  his  reports : 

There  is  but  little  opposition  to  the  levy  of  taxes  for  the  support  of  schools,  and  there 
•would  be  still  less  if  the  funds  were  always  properly  guarded  and  judiciously  expended.  How- 
ever much  our  people  disagree  upon  other  subjects,  tliey  are  practically  united  upon  this. 
Tlie  opposition  of  wealth  has  long  since  ceased  to  exist,  and  our  wealthy  men  are  usually  the 
most  liberal  in  their  views  and  the  most  active  friends  of  popular  education.  They  are  often 
found  upon  our  scliool  boards,  and  usually  make  tlie  best  of  school  officers.  It  is  not  uncommon 
for  Boards  of  Directors,  especially  in  the  larger  towns  and  cities,  to  be  composed  wholly  of  men 
who  represent  the  enterprise,  wealth  and  business  of  their  cities. 

At  the  close  of  1877,  there  were  1,086  township  districts,  3,138  indepen- 
dent districts  and  7,015  sub-districts.  There  Avere  9,948  ungraded  and  476 
graded  schools,  with  an  average  annual  session  of  seven  months  and  five  days. 
There  were  7,348  male  teachers  employed,  whose  average  compensation  was 
$34.88  per  month,  and  12,518  female  teachers,  with  an  average  compensation 
of  §28.69  per  month. 

The  number  of  persons  between  the  ages  5  and  21  years,  in  1877,  was 
567.859;  number  enrolled  in  public  schools,  421,163;  total  average  attendance, 
251,372;  average  cost  of  tuition  per  month,  $1.62.  There  are  9,279  frame, 
671  brick,  257  stone  and  89  log  school  houses,  making  a  grand  total  of  10,296, 
valued  at  $9,044,973.  The  public  school  libraries  number  17,329  volumes. 
Ninety-nine  teachers'  institutes  were  held  during  1877.  Teachers'  salaries 
amounted  to  $2,953,645.  There  was  expended  for  school  houses,  grounds, 
libraries  and  apparatus,  $1,106,788,  and  for  fuel  and  other  contingencies, 
$1,136,995,  making  the  grand  total  of  $5,197,428  expended  by  the  generous 
people  of  Iowa  for  the  support  of  their  magnificent  public  schools  in  a  single 
year.  The  amount  of  the  permanent  school  fund,  at  the  close  of  1877,  was 
$3,462,000.     Annual  interest,  $276,960. 

In  1857,  there  were  3,265  independent  districts,  2,708  ungraded  schools, 
and  1,572  male  and  1,424  female  teachers.  Teachers'  salaries  amounted  to 
$198,142,  and  the  total  expenditures  for  schools  was  only  $364,515.  Six  hun- 
dred and  twenty-three  volumes  were  the  extent  of  the  public  school  libraries 
twenty  years  ago,  and  there  Avere  only  1,686  school  houses,  valued  at  $571,064. 

In  twenty  years,  teachers'  salaries  have  increased  from  $198,142,  in  1857, 
to  $2,953,645  in  1877.  Total  school  expenditures,  from  $364,515  to 
^5,197,428. 

The  significance  of  such  fiicts  as  these  is  unmistakable.  Such  lavish  expen- 
ditures can  only  be  accounted  for  by  the  liberality  and  public  spirit  of  the 
people,  all  of  whom  manifest  their  love  of  popular  education  and  their  faith  in 
the  public  schools  by  the  annual  dedication  to  their  support  of  more  than  one 
per  cent,  of  their  entire  taxable  property;  this,  too,  uninterruptedly  through  a 
series  of  years,  commencing  in  the  midst  of  a  war  which  taxed  their  energies  and 
resources  to  the  extreme,  and  continuing  through  years  of  general  depression  in 
business — years  of  moderate  yield  of  produce,  of  discouragingly  low  prices,  and 
even  amid  the  scanty  surroundings  and  privations  of  pioneer  life.  Few  human 
enterprises  have  a  grander  significance  or  give  evidence  of  a  more  noble  purpose 
than  the  generous  contributions  fi'om  the  scanty  resources  of  the  pioneer  for  the 
purposes  of  public  education. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  '      223 

POLITICAL  RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL    OFFICERS. 

Crovernors — Robert  Lucas,  1838-41 ;  John  Chambers,  1841-45  ;  James 
Clarke,  1845. 

Secretaries— WiWmm  B.  Conway,  1838,  died  1839;  James  Clarke,  1839- 
0.  H.  W.  Stull,  1841 ;  Samuel  J   Burr,  1843  ;  Jesse  Williams,  1845. 

Auditors— Jesse  \^illiams,  1840;  Wm.  L.  Gilbert,  1843-  Robert  M, 
Secrest,  1845. 

Treasurers — Thornton  Bayliss,  1839  ;  Moro;an  Reno,  1840. 

Judges — Charles  Mason,  Chief  Justice,  1838 ;  Joseph  Williams,  1838  ; 
Thomas  S.  Wilson,  1838. 

Presidents  of  Council — Jesse  B.  Browne,  1838-0  ;  Stephen  Hempstead^ 
1839-40;  M.  Bainridge,  1840-1;  Jonathan  W.  Parker,  1841-2;  John  D. 
Elbert,  1842-3;  Thomas  Cox,  1843-4;  S.  Clinton  Hastings,  1845;  Stephen 
Hempstead,  1845-6. 

Speakers  of  the  House — William  11.  Wallace,  1838-9  ;  Edward  Johnston, 
1839-40;  Thomas  Cox,  1840-1;  Warner  Lewis,  1841-2;  James  M.  Morgan, 
1842-3  ;  James  P.  Carleton,  1843-4  ;  James  M.  Morgan,  1845 ;  George  W.. 
McCleary,  1845-6. 

First  Constitutional  Convention,  1S4-4- — Shepherd  Leffler,  President ;  Geo.. 
S.  Hampton,  Secretary. 

Second  Constitutional  Convention,  IS4.G — Enos  Lowe,  President ;  William 
Thompson,  Secretary. 

OFFICERS   OF   THE    STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel  Briggs,  1846  to  1850 ;  Stephen  Hempstead,  1850  to 
1854;  James  W.  Grimes,  1854  to  1858  ;  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  1858  to  1860;  Sam- 
uel J.  Kirkwood,  1860  to  1864  ;  William  M.  Stone,  1864  to  1868  ;  Samuel 
Morrill,  1868  to  1872  ;  Cyrus  C.  Carpenter,  1872  to  1876  ;  Samuel  J.  Kirk- 
wood, 1876  to  1877;  Joshua  G.  Newbold,  Acting,  1877  to  1878;  John  H.. 
Gear,  1878  to . 

Lieutenant  Governor — Office  created  by  the  new  Constitution  September  3^ 
1857— Oran  Faville,  1858-9  ;  Nicholas  J.  Rusch,  1860-1 ;  John  R.  Needham, 
1862-3;  Enoch  W.  Eastman,  1864-5;  Benjamin  F.  Gue,  1866-7;  John 
Scott,  1868-9;  M.  M.  Walden,  1870-1;  H.  C.  Bulis,  1872-3;  Joseph  Dy- 
sart,  1874-5  ;  Joshua  G.  Newbold,  1876-7  ;  Frank  T.  Campbell,  1878-9. 

Secretaries  of  State — Elisha  Cutler,  Jr.,  Dec.  5,  1846,  to  Dec.  4,  1848;. 
Josiah  H.  Bonney,  Dec.  4,  1848,  to  Dec.  2,  1850;  George  W.  McCleary,  Dec. 
2,  1850,  to  Dec.  1,  1856 ;  Elijah  Sells,  Dec.  1,  1856,  to  Jan.  5,  1863 ;  James 
Wright,  Jan.  5,  1863,  to  Jan.  7,  1867 ;  Ed.  Wright,  Jan.  7,  1867,  to  Jan.  6., 
1873 ;  Josiah  T.  Young,  Jan.  6,  1873,  to . 

Auditors  of  State— Joseph  T.  Fales,  Dec.  5, 1846,  to  Dec.  2,  1850 ;  Will- 
iam Pattee,  Dec.  2,  1850,  to  Dec.  4,  1854 ;  Andrew  J.  Stevens,  Dec.  4,  1854, 
resigned  in  1855 ;  John  Pattee,  Sept.  22,  1855,  to  Jan.  3,  1859 ;  Jonathan: 
W.  Cattell,  1859  to  1865;  John  A.  Elliot,  1865  to  1871 ;  John  Russell,  1871 
to  1875 ;  Buren  R.  Sherman,  1875  to . 

Treasurers  of  State— 'Movgixw  Reno,  Dec.  18,  1846,  to  Dec.  2,  1850 ; 
Israel  Kister,  Dec.  2,  1850,  to  Dec.  4,  1852  ;  Martin  L.  Morris,  Dec.  4,  1852, 
to  Jan.  2,  1859 ;  John  W.  Jones.  1859  to  1863  ;  William  H.  Holmes,  1863  to. 


224  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

1867  ;  Samuel  E.  Rankin,  1867  to  1873 ;  William  Christy,  1873  to  1877  ; 
George  W.  Berais,  1877  to . 

Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction — Office  created  in  1847 — James  Harlan, 
June  5,  1845  (Supreme  Court  decided  election  void) ;  Thomas  11,  Benton,  Jr., 
May  23,  1844,  to  June  7,  1854  ;  James  D.  Eads,  1854-7  ;  Joseph  C.  Stone, 
March  to  June,  1857 ;  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  1857  to  Dec,  1858,  when  the  office 
was  abolished  and  the  duties  of  the  office  devolved  upon  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

Secretaries  of  Board  of  Education — Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr.,  1859-1863  ; 
Oran  Faville,  Jan.  1,  1864.     Board  abolished  March  23,  1864. 

Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction — Office  re-created  March  23,  1864 — 
Oran  Faville,  March  28,  1864,  resigned  March  1,  1867;  D.  Franklin  Wells, 
March  4, 1867,  to  Jan.,  1870  ;  A.  S.  Kissell,  1870  to  1872  ;  Alonzo  Abernethy, 
1872  to  1877  ;  Carl  W.  Von  Coelln,  1877  to . 

State  Binders — Office  created  February  21,  1855 — William  M.  Coles,  May 
1,  1855,  to  May  1,  1859;  Frank  M.  Mills,  1859  to  1867;  James  S.  Carter, 
1867  to  1870;  J.  J.  Smart,  1870  to  1874;  H.  A.  Perkins,  1874  to  1875; 
James  J.  Smart,  1875  to  1876 ;  H.  A.  Perkins,  1876  to . 

Registers  of  the  State  Land  Office — Anson  Hart,  May  5,  1855,  to  May 
13,  1857  ;  Theodore  S.  Parvin,  May  13,  1857,  to  Jan.  3,  1859  ;  Amos  B. 
Miller,  Jan.  3,  1859,  to  October,  1862 ;  Edwin  Mitchell,  Oct.  31,  1862,  to 
Jan  5,  1863 ;  Josiah  A.  Harvey,  Jan.  5,  1863,  to  Jan.  7,  1867  ;  Cyrus  C. 
Carpenter,  Jan.  7,  1867,  to  January,  1871 ;  Aaron  Brown,  January,  1871,  to 
to  January,  1875 ;  David  Secor,  January,  1875,  to . 

State  Printers — Office  created  Jan.  3,  1840  —  Garrett  D.  Palmer  and 
George  Paul,  1849;  William  H.  Merritt,  1851  to  1853;  William  A.  Hornish, 
1853  (resigned  May  16,  1853);  Mahoney  &  Dorr,  1853  to  1855;  Peter 
Moriarty,  1855  to  1857 ;  John  Teesdale,  1857  to  1861 ;  Francis  W.  Palmer, 
1861  to  1869;  Frank  M.  Mills,  1869  to  1870;  G.  W.  Edwards,  1870  to 
1872;  R.  P.  Clarkson,  1872  to . 

Adjutants  Creneral — Daniel  S.  Lee,  1851-5  ;  Geo.  W.  McCleary,  1855-7  ; 
Elijah  Sells,  1857  ;  Jesse  Bowen,  1857-61 ;  Nathaniel  Baker,  1861  to  1877 ; 
John  H.  Looby,  1877  to . 

Attorneys  General — David  C.  Cloud,  1853-56  ;  Samuel  A.  Rice,  1856-60; 
Charles  C.  Nourse,  1861-4;  Isaac  L.  Allen,  1865  (resigned  January,  1866); 
Frederick  E.  Bissell,  1866  (died  June  12,  1867);  Henry  O'Connor,  1867-72; 
Marsena  E.  Cutts,  1872-6 ;  John  F.  McJunkin,  1877. 

Presidents  of  the  Senate — Thomas  Baker,  1846-7 ;  Thomas  Hughes, 
1848;  John  J.  Selman,  1848-9;  Enos  Lowe,  1850-1;  William  E.  Leffing- 
well,  1852-3;  Maturin  L.  Fisher,  1854-5;  William  W.  Hamilton,  1856-7. 
Under  the  new  Constitution,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  is  President  of  the 
Senate. 

Speakers  of  the  House — Jesse  B.  Brown,  1847-8 ;  Smiley  H.  Bonhan, 
1849-50 ;  George  Temple,  1851-2 ;  James  Grant,  1853-4 ;  Reuben  Noble, 
1855-6  ;  Samuel  McFarland,  1856-7 ;  Stephen  B.  Sheledy,  1858-9  ;  John 
Edwards,  1860-1;  Rush  Clark,  1862-3;  Jacob  Butler,  1864-5;  Ed.  Wright, 
1866-7 ;  John  Russell,  1868-9 ;  Aylett  R.  Cotton,  1870-1 ;  James  Wilson, 
1872-3;  John  H.  Gear,  1874-7;  John  Y.  Stone,  1878. 

New  Constitutional  Convention,  1859 — Francis  Springer,  President ;  Thos. 
■J.  Saunders,  Secretary. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  225 

STATE    OFFICERS,    1878. 

John  H.  Gear,  Governor ;  Frank  T.  Campbell,  Lieutenant  Governor ;  Josiah 
T.  Young,  Secretary  of  State;  Buren  R.  Sherman,  Auditor  of  State;  George 
W.  Bemis,  Treasurer  of  State;  David  Secor,  Register  of  State  Land  Office; 
John  H.  Looby,  Adjutant  General;  John  F.  McJunken,  Attorney  General; 
Mrs.  Ada  North,  State  Librarian;  Edward  J.  Holmes,  Clerk  Supreme  Court; 
John  S.  Runnells,  Reporter  Supreme  Court;  Carl  W.  Von  Coelln,  Superintend- 
ent Public  Instruction;  Richard  P.  Clarkson,  State  Printer;  Henry  A.  Perkins, 
State  Binder;  Prof.  Nathan  R.  Leonard,  Superintendent  of  Weights  and 
Measures;  William  H.  Fleming,  Governor's  Private  Secretary;  Fletcher  W. 
Young,  Deputy  Secretary  of  State;  John  C.  Parish,  Deputy  Auditor  of  State; 
Erastus  G.  Morgan,  Deputy  Treasurer  of  State;  John  M.  Davis,  Deputy  Reg- 
ister Land  Office;  Ira  C.  Kling,  Deputy  Superintendent  Public  Instruction. 

THE   JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME    COURT    OF    IOWA. 

Chief  Justices. — Charles  Mason,  resigned  in  June,  1847;  Joseph  Williams, 
Jan.,  1847,  to  Jan.,  1848;  S.  Clinton  Hastings,  Jan.,  1848,  to  Jan.,  1849;  Joseph 
Williams,  Jan.,  1849,  to  Jan.  11, 1855;  Geo.  G.  Wright,  Jan.  11,  1855,  to  Jan., 
1860  ;  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  Jan.,  1860,  to  Jan.  1, 1862 ;  Caleb  Baldwin,  Jan.,  1862,  to 
Jan.,  1864 ;  Geo.  G.  Wright,  Jan.,  1864,  to  Jan.,  1866 ;  RalphP.  Lowe,  Jan., 1866, 
to  Jan.,  1868 ;  John  F.  Dillon,  Jan.,  1868,  to  Jan.,  1870 ;  Chester  C.  Cole,  Jan. 
1,  1870,  to  Jan.  1,  1871;  James  G.  Day,  Jan.  1, 1871,  to  Jan.  1,  1872;  Joseph 
M.  Beck,  Jan.  1,  1872,  to  Jan.  1,  1874;  W.  E.  Miller,  Jan.  1,  1874,  to  Jan.  1, 
1876;  Chester  C.  Cole,  Jan.  1,  1876,  to  Jan.  1,  1877;  James  G.  Day,  Jan.  1, 
1877,  to  Jan.  1,  1878;  James  H.  Rothrock,  Jan.  1,  1878. 

Associate  Judges. — Joseph  Williams;  Thomas  S.  Wilson,  resigned  Oct., 
1847;  John  F.  Kinney,  June  12,  1847,  resigned  Feb.  15,  1854;  George 
Greene,  Nov.  1,  1847,  to  Jan.  9,  1855;  Jonathan  C.  Hall,  Feb.  15,  1854,  to 
succeed  Kinney,  resigned,  to  Jan.,  1855;  William  G.  Woodward,  Jan.  9,  1855; 
Norman  W.  Isbell,  Jan.  16,  1855,  resigned  1856;  Lacen  D.  Stockton,  June  3, 
1856,  to  succeed  Isbell,  resigned,  died  June  9,  1860;  Caleb  Bakhvin,  Jan.  11, 
1860,  to  1864 ;  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  Jan.  12,  1860 ;  George  G.  Wright,  June  26, 
1860,  to  succeed  Stockton,  deceased;  elected  U.  S.  Senator,  1870;  John  F.  Dil- 
lon, Jan.  1,  1864,  to  succeed  Baldwin,  resigned,  1870;  Chester  C.  Cole.  March 
1,  1864,  to  1877 ;  Joseph  M.  Beck,  Jan.  1,  1868 ;  W.  E.  Miller,  October  11, 
1864,  to  succeed  Dillon,  resigned;  James  G.  Day,  Jan.  1,  1871,  to  succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME    COURT,    1878. 

James  H.  Rothrock,  Cedar  County,  Chief  Justice;  Joseph  M.  Beck,  Lee 
County,  Associate  Justice;  Austin  Adams,  Dubuque  County,  Associate  Justice; 
William  H.  Seevers,  Oskaloosa  County,  Associate  Justice;  James  G.  Day,  Fre- 
mont County,  Associate  Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL    REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED    ST.VTES    SENATORS. 

(The  first  General  Assembly  failed  to  elect  Senators.) 

George  W.  Jones,  Dubuque,  Dec.  7,  1848-1858  ;  Augustus  C.  Dodge,  Bur- 
lington, Dec.  7,  1848-1855;  James  Harlan,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Jan.  6,  1855-1865; 
James  W.  Grimes,  Burlington,  Jan.  26,  1858-died  1870  ;  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood, 
Iowa  City,  elected  Jan.  1-3,  1866,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  resignation  of  James 


226  '      HISTORY  OF  the  state  of  IOWA. 

Harlan  ;  James  Harlan,  Mt.  Pleasant,  March  4, 1866-1872  ;  James  B.  Howell, 
Keokuk,  elected  Jan.  20,  1870,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  J.  W. 
Grimes — term  expired  March  3d ;  George  G.  Wright,  Des  Moines,  March  4^ 
1871-1877;  William  B.  Allison,  Dubuque,  March  4,  1872;  Samuel  J.  Kirk- 
wood,  March  4,  1877. 

MEMBERS    OF    HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES. 

Twenty-ninth  Congress — I84.G  to  1847. — S.  Clinton  Hastings  ;  Shepherd 
Leffler. 

Thirtieth  Congress — 1847  to  184-9. — First  District,  William  Thompson  : 
Second  District,  Shepherd  Leffler. 

Thirtg-jirst  Congress — 1849  to  1851. — First  District,  First  Session,  Wm. 
Thompson;  unseated  by  the  House  of  Representatives  on  a  contest,  and  election 
remanded  to  the  people.  First  District,  Second  Session,  Daniel  F.  Miller. 
Second  District,  Shepherd  Leffler. 

Thirty-second  Congress — 1851  to  1853. — First  District,  Bernhart  Henn. 
Second  District,  Lincoln  Clark. 

Thirty-third  Congress — 1853  to  1855. — First  District,  Bernhart  Henn. 
Second  District,  John  P.  Cook. 

Thirty-fourth  Congress — 1855  to  1857. — First  District,  Augustus  HalL 
Second  District,  James  Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth  Congress — 1857  to  1859. — First  District,  Samuel  R.  Curtis. 
Second  District,  Timothy  Davis. 

Thirty-sixth  Congress — 1859  to  1861. — First  District,  Samuel  R.  Curtis. 
Second  District,  William  Vandever. 

Thirty-seve7ith  Congress — 1861  to  1863. — First  District,  First  Session ^ 
Samuel  R.  Curtis.*  First  District,  Second  and  Third  Sessions,  James  F.  Wil- 
son.    Second  District,  William  Vandever. 

Thirty-eighth  Congress — 1863  to  1865. — First  District,  James  F.  Wilson. 
Second  District,  Hiram  Price.  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison.  Fourth 
District,  Josiah  B.  Grinnell.  Fifth  District,  John  A.  Kasson.  Sixth  District, 
Asahel  W.  Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth  Corigress — 1865  to  1867. — First  District,  James  F.  Wilson  ; 
Second  District,  Hiram  Price;  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison;  Fourth 
District,  Josiah  B.  Grinnell ;  Fifth  District,  John  A.  Kasson  ;  Sixth  District, 
Asahel  W.  Hubbard. 

Fortieth  Congress — 1867  to  1869. — First  District,  James  F.  Wilson  ;  Sec- 
ond District,  Hiram  Price ;  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison,  Fourth  District^ 
William  Lougliridge;  Fifth  District,  Grenville  M.  Dodge;  Sixth  District, 
Asahel  W.  Hubbard. 

Forty-first  Congress — 1869  to  1871. — First  District,  George  W.  McCrary  ; 
Second  District,  William  Smyth ;  Third  District,  William  B.  Allison ;  Fourth 
District,  William  Loughridge ;  Fifth  District,  Frank  W.  Palmer ;  Sixth  Dis- 
trict, Charles  Pomeroy. 

Forty-second  Congress — 1871  to  1873. — First  District,  George  W.  Mc- 
Crary ;  Second  District,  Aylett  R.  Cotton ;  Third  District,  W.  G.  Donnan  ; 
Fourth  District,  Madison  M.  Waldon ;  Fifth  District,  Frank  W.  Palmer ;  Sixth 
District,  Jackson  Orr. 

Forty-third  Congress~1873  to  7<97.7.— First  District,  George  W.  McCrary; 
Second  District,  Aylett  R.  Cotton;  Third  District,  William  Y.  Donnan  ;  Fourth 
District,    Henry    0.   Pratt;    Fifth    District,   James   Wilson;    Sixth  District, 

*  Vacated  seat  by  acceptinco  of  commission  as  Brigailicr  General,  and  J.  F.  Wilson  chosen  bis  successor. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  223 

William  Loughri  Jge ;  Seventh  District,  John  A,  Kasson ;  Eighth  District, 
James  W.  McDill ;  Ninth  District,  Jackson  Orr. 

Forty-fourth  Congress — 1875  to  1S77. — First  District,  George  W.  Mc- 
Crary;  Second  District,  John  Q.  Tufts;  Third  District,  L.  L.  Ainsworth; 
Fourth  District,  Henry  0.  Pratt;  Fifth  District,  James  Wilson;  Sixth  District, 
Ezekiel  S.  Sampson ;  Seventh  District,  John  A.  Kasson ;  Eighth  District, 
James  W.  McDill ;  Fifth  District,  Addison  Oliver. 

Forty-fifth  Congress — 1877  to  1879. — First  District,  J.  C.  Stone;  Second 
District,  Hiram  Price  ;  Third  District,  T.  W.  Burdick  ;  Fourth  District,  H.  C. 
Deering ;  Fifth  District,  Rush  Clark ;  Sixth  District,  E.  S.  Sampson ; 
Seventh  District,  H.  J.  B.  Cummings ;  Eighth  District,  W.  F.  Sapp  ;  Ninth 
District,  Addison  Oliver. 

WAR  RECORD. 

The  State  of  Iowa  may  -well  be  proud  of  her  record  during  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  from  1861  to  1865.  The  following  brief  but  comprehensive  sketch  of 
the  history  she  made  during  that  trying  period  is  largely  from  the  pen  of  Col.  A. 
P.  Wood,  of  Dubuque,  the  author  of  "The  History  of  loAva  and  the  War,"  one 
of  the  best  works  of  the  kind  yet  written. 

"Whether  in  tlie  promptitude  of  her  responses  to  the  calls  made  on  her  by 
the  General  Government,  in  the  courage  and  constancy  of  her  soldiery  in  the 
field,  or  in  the  wisdom  and  efficiency  with  which  her  civil  administration  Avas 
conducted  during  the  trying  period  covered  by  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  Iowa 
proved  herself  the  peer  of  any  loyal  State.  The  proclamation  of  her  Governor, 
responsive  to  that  of  the  President,  calling  for  volunteers  to  compose  her  First 
Regiment,  was  issued  on  the  fourth  day  after  the  fall  of  Sumter.  At  the  end 
of  only  a  single  week,  men  enough  were  reported  to  be  in  quarters  (mostly  in 
the  vicinity  of  their  own  homes)  to  fill  the  regiment.  These,  however,  were 
harilly  more  than  a  tithe  of  the  number  who  had  been  offered  by  company  com- 
manders for  acceptance  under  the  President's  call.  So  urgent  were  these  offers 
that  the  Governor  requested  (on  the  24th  of  April)  permission  to  organize  an 
additional  regiment.  While  awaiting  an  answer  to  this  request,  he  conditionally 
accepted  a  sufficient  number  of  companies  to  compose  two  additional  regiments. 
In  a  short  time,  he  was  notified  that  both  of  these  Avould  be  accepted.  Soon 
after  the  completion  of  the  Second  and  Third  Regiments  (which  was  near  the 
close  of  May),  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  State  reported  that  upward  of  one 
hundred  and  seventy  companies  had  been  tendered  to  the  Governor  to  serve 
ajxainst  the  enemies  of  the  Union. 

"  Much  difficulty  and  considerable  delay  occured  in  fitting  these  ref^iments 
for  the  field.  For  the  First  Infantry  a  complete  outfit  (not  uniform)  of  clothing 
was  extemporized — principally  by  the  volunteered  labor  of  loyal  women  in  the 
different  towns — from  material  of  various  colors  and  qualities,  obtained  within 
the  limits  of  the  State.  The  same  was  done  in  part  for  the  Second  Infantry. 
Meantime,  an  extra  session  of  the  General  Assembly  had  been  called  by  the 
Governor,  to  convene  on  the  loth  of  May.  With  but  little  delay,  that  body 
au*,horized  a  1  )an  of  $800,000,  to  meet  the  extraordinary  expenses  incurred,  and 
to  be  incurred,  by  the  Executive  Department,  in  consequence  of  the  new  emer- 
gency. A  wealthy  merchant  of  the  State  (Ex-Governor  Merrill,  then  a  resident 
of  McGregor)  immediately  took  from  the  Governor  a  contract  to  supply  a  com- 
plete outfit  of  clothing  for  the  three  regiments  organized,  agreeing  to  receive, 
should  the  Governor  so  elect,  his  pay  therefor  in  State  bonds  at  par.     This  con- 


230  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

tract  he  executed  to  the  letter,  and  a  portion  of  the  clothing  (which  was  manu- 
factured in  Boston,  to  his  order)  Avas  delivered  at  Keokuk,  the  place  at  which 
the  troops  had  rendezvoused,  in  exactly  one  month  from  the  day  on  which  the 
contract  had  been  entered  into.  The  remainder  arrived  only  a  few  days  later. 
This  clothing  was  delivered  to  the  regiment,  but  was  subsequently  condemned 
by  the  Government,  for  the  reason  that  its  color  was  gray,  and  blue  had  been 
adopted  as  the  color  to  be  worn  by  the  national  troops." 

Other  States  also  clothed  their  troops,  sent  forward  under  the  first  call  of 
President  Lincoln,  with  gray  uniforms,  but  it  was  soon  found  that  the  con- 
federate forces  were  also  clothed  in  gray,  and  that  color  was  at  once  abandoned 
by  the  Union  troops.  If  both  armies  Avere  clothed  alike,  annoying  if  not  fatal 
mistakes  Avcre  liable  to  be  made. 

But  while  engaged  in  these  efforts  to  discharge  her  whole  duty  in  common  with 
all  the  other  Union-loving  States  in  the  great  emergency,  Iowa  Avas  compelled 
to  make  immediate  and  ample  provision  for  the  protection  of  her  OAvn  borders, 
from  threatened  invasion  on  the  south  by  the  Secessionists  of  Missouri,  and 
from  danger  of  incursions  from  the  west  and  northwest  by  bands  of  hostile 
Indians,  who  Avere  freed  from  the  usual  restraint  imposed  upon  them  by  the 
presence  of  regular  troops  stationed  at  the  frontier  posts.  These  troops  were 
AvithdraAvn  to  meet  the  greater  and  more  pressing  danger  threatening  the  life  of 
the  nation  at  its  very  heart. 

To  provide  for  the  adequate  defense  of  her  borders  from  the  ravages  of  both 
rebels  in  arms  against  the' Government  and  of  the  more  irresistible  foes  from 
the  Western  plains,  the  Governor  of  the  State  Avas  authorized  to  raise  and  equip 
two  regiments  of  infantry,  a  squadron  of  cavalry  (not  less  than  five  companies) 
and  a  battalion  of  artillery  (not  less  than  three  companies.)  Only  cavalry  were 
enlisted  for  home  defense,  however,  "but,"  says  Col.  Wood,  "in  times  of  special 
danger,  or  Avhen  calls  were  made  by  the  Unionists  of  Northern  Missouri  for 
assistance  against  their  disloyal  enemies,  large  numbers  of  militia  on  foot  often 
turned  out,  and  i-eraained  in  the  field  until  the  necessity  for  their  services  had 
passed. 

"  The  first  order  for  the  Iowa  volunteers  to  move  to  the  field  Avas  received 
on  the  13th  of  June.  It  was  issued  by  Gen.  Lyon,  then  commanding  the 
United  States  forces  in  Missouri.  The  First  and  Second  Infimtry  immediately 
embarked  in  steamboats,  and  moved  to  Hannibal.  Some  tAvo  Aveeks  latei",  the 
Third  Infantry  Avas  ordered  to  the  same  point.  These  three,  together  Avith 
many  other  of  the  earlier  organized  loAva  regiments,  rendered  their  first  field 
service  in  Missouri,  The  First  Infantry  formed  a  part  of  the  little  army  Avith 
Avhich  Gen.  Lyon  moved  on  Springfield,  and  fought  the  bloody  battle  of  Wilson's 
Creek.  It  received  unqualified  praise  for  its  gallant  bearing  on  the  field.  In 
the  folloAving  month  (September),  the  Third  loAva,  Avith  but  very  slight  support, 
fought  Avith  honor  the  sanguinary  engagement  of  Blue  Mills  Landing;  and  in 
November,  the  Seventh  Iowa,  as  a  part  of  a  force  commanded  by  Gen.  Grant, 
greatly  distinguished  itself  in  the  battle  of  Belmont,  Avhere  it  poured  out  its 
blood  like  Avater — losing  more  than  half  of  the  men  it  took  into  action. 

"  The  initial  operations  in  Avhich  the  battles  referred  to  took  jdace  Avere  fol- 
loAved  by  the  more  important  movements  led  by  Gen.  Grant,  Gen.  Curtis,  of 
this  State,  and  other  c(mimanders,  Avhich  resulted  in  defeating  the  armies 
defending  the  chief  strategic  lines  held  by  the  Confederates  in  Kentucky,  Tenn- 
nessee,  Missouri  and  Arkansas,  and  compelling  their  AvithdraAval  from  much  of 
the  territory  previously  controlled  by  them  in  those  States.  In  these  and  other 
movements,  doAvn  to  the  grand  culminating  campaign  l)y  Avhich  Vicksburg  was 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA.  231 

captured  and  the  Confederacy  permanently  severed  on  the  line  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  Iowa  troops  took  part  in  steadily  increasing  numbers.  In  the  investment 
and  siege  of  Vicksburg,  the  State  was  represented  by  thirty  regiments  and  two 
batteries,  in  addition  to  which,  eight  regiments  and  one  battery  were  employed 
on  the  outposts  of  the  besieging  army.  The  brilliancy  of  their  exploits  on  the 
many  fields  where  they  served  won  for  them  the  highest  meed  of  praise,  both 
in  military  and  civil  circles.  Multiplied  were  the  terms  in  which  expression 
was  given  to  this  sentiment,  but  these  words  of  one  of  the  journals  of  a  neigh- 
boring State,  'The  Iowa  troops  have  been  heroes  among  heroes,'  embody  the 
spirit  of  all. 

"  In  the  veteran  re-enlistments  that  distinguished  the  closing  months  of  1863 
above  all  other  periods  in  the  history  of  re-enlistments  for  the  national  armies, 
the  Iowa  three  years'  men  (who  Avere  relatively  more  numerous  than  those  of  any 
other  State)  were  prompt  to  set  the  example  of  volunteering  for  another  term  of 
equal  length,  thereby  adding  many  thousands  to  the  great  army  of  those  who 
gave  this  renewed  and  practical  assurance  that  the  cause  of  the  Union  should 
not  be  left  without  defenders. 

"  In  all  the  important  movements  of  1864-65,  by  Avhich  the  Confederacy 
was  penetrated  in  every  quarter,  and  its  military  power  finally  overthrown,  the 
Iowa  troops  took  part.  Their  drum-beat  was  heard  on  the  banks  of  every  great 
river  of  the  South,  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Rio  Grande,  and  everywhere  they 
rendered  the  same  faithful  and  devoted  service,  maintaining  on  all  occasions  their 
wonted  reputation  for  valor  in  the  field  and  endurance*  on  the  march. 

"  Two  Iowa  three-year  cavalry  regiments  were  employed  during  their  whole 
term  of  service  in  the  operations  that  were  in  progress  from  1863  to  1866 
against  the  hostile  Indians  of  the  Avestern  plains.  A  portion  of  these  men  were 
among  the  last  of  the  volunteer  troops  to  be  mustered  out  of  service.  The  State 
also  supplied  a  considerable  number  of  men  to  the  navy,  who  took  part  in  most 
of  the  naval  operations  prosecuted  against  the  Confederate  power  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts,  and  the  rivers  of  the  West. 

"  The  people  of  Iowa  were  early  and  constant  Avorkers  in  the  sanitary  field, 
and  by  their  liberal  gifts  and  personal  efi"orts  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiery, 
placed  their  State  in  the  front  rank  of  those  Avho  became  distinguished  for  their 
exhibitions  of  patriotic  benevolence  during  the  period  covered  by  the  Avar. 
Agents  appointed  by  the  Governor  were  stationed  at  points  convenient  for  ren- 
dering assistance  to  the  sick  and  needy  soldiers  of  the  State,  while  others  Avere 
employed  in  visiting,  from  time  to  time,  hospitals,  camps  and  armies  in  the  field, 
and  doing  Avhatever  the  circumstances  rendered  possible  for  the  health  and 
comfort  of  such  of  the  Iowa  soldiery  as  might  be  found  there. 

"  Some  of  the  benevolent  people  of  the  State  early  conceived  the  idea  of 
establishing  a  Home  for  such  of  the  children  of  deceased  soldiers  as  might  be 
left  in  destitute  circumstances.  This  idea  first  took  form  in  1863,  and  in  the 
following  year  a  Home  Avas  opened  at  Farmington,  Van  Buren  County,  in  a 
building  leased  for  that  purpose,  and  which  soon  became  filled  to  its  utmost 
capacity.  The  institution  received  liberal  donations  from  the  general  public, 
and  also  from  the  soldiers  in  the  field.  In  1865,  it  became  necessary  to  pro- 
vide increased  accommodations  for  the  large  number  of  children  Avho  Avere 
seeking  the  benefits  of  its  care.  This  was  done  by  establishing  a  branch 
at  Cedar  Falls,  in  Black  HaAvk  County,  and  by  securing,  during  the  same 
year,  for  the  use  of  the  parent  Home,  Camp  Kinsman  near  the  City  of 
Davenport.  This  property  Avas  soon  afterAA'ard  donated  to  the  institution,  by 
act  of  Congress. 


232  HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

"  In  18G6,  in  pursuance  of  a  law  enacted  for  that  purpose,  the  Soldiers' 
Orphans'  Home  (■which  then  contained  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  inmates) 
became  a  State  institution,  and  thereafter  the  suras  necessary  for  its  support  were 
appropriated  from  the  State  treasury.  A  second  branch  was  established  at 
Glenwood,  Mills  County.  Convenient  tracts  were  secured,  and  valuable  improve- 
ments made  at  all  the  different  points.  Schools  were  also  established,  and  em- 
ployments provided  for  such  of  the  children  as  were  of  suitable  age.  In  all 
ways  the  provision  mude  for  these  wards  of  the  State  has  been  such  as  to  chal- 
lenge the  approval  of  every  benevolent  mind.  The  number  of  children  Avho 
have  been  inmates  of  the  Home  from  its  foundation  to  the  present  time  is 
considerably  more  than  two  thousand. 

"  At  the  beginning  of  the  war,  the  population  of  Iowa'  included  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  men  presumably  liable  to  render  military  service. 
The  State  raised,  for  general  service,  thirty-nine  regiments  of  infantry,  nine 
regiments  of  cavalry,  and  four  companies  of  artillery,  composed  of  three  years' 
men  ;  one  regiment  of  infantry,  composed  of  three  months'  men  ;  and  four  regi- 
ments and  one  battalion  of  infantry,  composed  of  one  hundred  days'  men.  The 
original  enlistments  in  these  various  organizations,  including  seventeen  hundred 
and  twenty-seven  men  raised  by  draft,  numbered  a  little  more  than  sixty-nine 
thousand.  The  re-enlistments,  including  upward  of  seven  thousand  veterans, 
numbered  very  nearly  eight  thousand.  The  enlistments  in  the  regular  army 
and  navy,  and  organizations  of  other  States,  will,  if  added,  raise  the  total  to 
upAvard  of  eighty  thousand.  The  number  of  men  who,  under  special  enlistments, 
and  as  militia,  took  part  at  different  times  in  tlie  operations  on  the  exposed 
borders  of  the  State,  was  probably  as  many  as  five  thousand. 

"  Iowa  paid  no  bounty  on  account  of  the  men  she  placed  in  the  field.  In 
some  instances,  toward  the  close  of  the  war,  bounty  to  a  comparatively  small 
amount  was  paid  by  cities  and  toAvns.  On  only  one  occasion — that  of  the  call 
of  July  18,  1864 — was  a  draft  made  in  Iowa.  This  did  not  occur  on  account  of 
her  proper  liability,  as  established  by  previous  rulings  of  the  War  Department, 
to  supply  men  under  that  call,  but  grew  out  of  the  great  necessity  that  there 
existed  for  raising  men.  The  Government  insisted  on  temporarily  setting  aside, 
in  part,  the  former  rule  of  settlements,  and  enforcing  a  draft  in  all  cases  where 
subdistricts  in  any  of  the  States  should  be  found  deficient  in  their  supply  of 
men.  In  no  instance  was  Iowa,  as  a  whole,  found  to  be  indebted  to  the  General 
Government  for  men,  on  a  settlement  of  her  quo' a  accounts." 

It  is  to  be  said  to  the  honor  and  credit  of  Iowa  that  while  many  of  the  loyal 
States,  older  and  larger  in  population  and  wealth,  incurred  heavy  State  debts 
for  the  purpose  of  fulfilling  their  obligations  to  the  General  Government,  Iowa, 
Avhile  she  was  foremost  in  duty,  while  she  promptly  discharged  all  her  obligations 
to  her  sister  States  and  the  Uni6n,  found  herself  at  the  close  of  the  war  without 
any  material  addition  to  her  pecuniary  liabilities  incurred  before  the  war  com- 
menced. Upon  final  settlement  after  the  restoration  of  peace,  her  claims  upon 
the  Federal  Government  were  found  to  be  fully  equal  to  the  amount  of  her-  bonds 
issued  and  sold  during  the  war  to  provide  the  means  for  raising  and  equipping 
her  troops  sent  into  the  field,  and  to  meet  the  inevitable  demands  upon  her 
treasury  in  consequence  of  the  war. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


233 


NUMBER  OF  TROOPS   FURNISHED  BY  THE   STATE   OF  IOWA 

DURING  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION, 

TO   JANUARY  1,  1865. 


No.  Regiment. 


1st  Iowa 
2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

■6th 

7  th 

8th 

9th 
10th 
nth 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
S4th 
S5th 
36th 
37th 
38th 


Infantry . 


No.    of 
men 


959 
,247 
,074 
,184 
,037 
,013 
,138 
,027 
,090 
,027 
,022 
981 
989 
840 
,196 
919 
956 
875 
985 
925 
980 
,008 
961 
979 
995 
919 
940 
956 
,005 
978 
977 
925 
985 
953 
984 
986 
914 
910 


No.   Regiment. 


39th  Iowa  Infantry 

40th     "  "         

41st  Battalion  Iowa  Infantry 

44th  Infantry  (100-days  men) 

45th         "  "  "     

46th         "  "  "     

47th         "  "  "     

48th  Battalion        "  "     

1st  Iowa  Cavalry 

2d      "  "       

3d      "  "       

4th     "  "       

5th     "  "       

6th     "  '«       

7th     "  «'       

8th     "  "       

9th     "  "       

Sioux  City  Cavalry* 

Co.  A,  11th  I'enn.  Cavalry 

1st  Battery  Artillery 

2d        "  "         

3d        '<  "         

4th       "  "         

1st  Iowa  African  Infantry,  60th  U.  Sf.. 

Dodge's  Brigade  Band 

Band  of  2d  Iowa  Infantry 

Enlistments  as  far  as  reported  to  Jan.  1, 

1864,  for  the  older  Iowa  regiments 

Enlistments  of  Iowa  men  in  regiments 
of  other  States,  over 


Total 

Re-enlisted  Veterans  for  diflferent  Regi- 
ments  

Additional  enlistments 


Grand  total  as  far  as  reported  up  to  Jan. 
1,  1865 


No.    of 
men. 


933 

900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

562 

1,234 

1,178 

93 

87 

149 

123 

142 

162 

903 

14 

10 

2,765 

2,500 


61,653 

7,202 
6,664 


75,519 


This  does  not  include  those  Iowa  men  who  veteranized  in  the  regiments  of  other  States,  nor 
4he  names  of  men  who  enlisted  during  1864,  in  regiments  of  other  States. 
*  Afterward  consolidated  with  Seventh  Cavalry. 
f  Only  a  portion  of  this  regiment  was  credited  to  the  State. 


234 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


237 


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X,  o  T,  X.  i^  X  X,  "^ 


238 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 


POPULATION  OF  IOWA, 
By  Counties. 


COUNTIES. 

AGGREGATE. 

1875. 

1870. 

1860. 

1830. 

1840. 

Voters. 

Adair 

7045 

7832 
19158 

2370 
17405 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 

3982 

4614 
17868 
16450 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1685 

984 

1538 

12287 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

67 

1616 

Adams 

1727 

Allamakee 

777 
8131 

3653 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

627 

3679 

Benton 

672 
135 
735 

4778 

Black  Hawk 

4877 

Boone 

3515 

Bremer 

2656 

Buchanan  

517 

3890 

Buena  Vista 

817 

Buncombe* 

Butler 

11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6089 

14386 

15757 

13249 

16898 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

17456 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168 

9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

85857 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17482 

27256 

1889 

38969 

1892 

16973 

10768 

4738 

11178 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

178.39 

24898 

19731 

3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

68 

4336 

6427 

62 

20728 

18988 

888 

5244 

18764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

6074 

1374 

793 

3058 

1699 

179 

5440 

3621 

18701 

8168 

332 

48 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15088 

17573 

13306 

2598 

Calhoun 

681 

Carroll 

1197 

2422 

3941 

1253 

3934 

Cerro  Gordo  

1526 

Cherokee 

1001 

Chickasaw 

2892 

Clarke 

79 

2213 

Clay 

868 

3873 
2822 

1101 
821 

5272 

5669 

Crawford 

1244 

Dallas 

854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 

3170 

3448 

2882 

Delaware 

168 
5577 

3662 

Des  Moines 

6654 

394 

10841 

3059 

8769 

Emmet  t   

299 

Fayette 

825 

4637 

Floyd 

2884 

1374 

Fremont 

1244 

2998 

1622 

Grundy  

1525 

Guthrie 

2839 

Hamilton 

1455 

Hancock 

303 

Hardin 

3215 

2658 

Henry 

8707    3772 

4641 

1712 

Humboldt 

695 

Ida 

172 

822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 

3576 

1411 

4901 

Jasper 

5239 

2778 

1491 

471 

3721 

6225 

Jones  

4180 

*  In  1862,  name  changed  to  Lyon. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  IOWA. 

POPULATION   OF   IOWA— Concluded. 


239 


COUNTIES. 

•AGGREGATE. 

1875. 

1870. 

I860. 

1850. 

1840. 

Toters. 

20488 

3765 

33913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

10389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5664 

3720 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

17980 

18541 

19269 

23865 

13978 

13114 

24233 

2986 

8568 

4908 

3244 

19434 

3351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 

13271 
416 

29232 

18947 

10370 

5766 

4822 

4202 

Kossuth. 

773 

Lee 

18861 

5444 

4939 

471 

6093 
1373 

1927 

6709 

7274 

2899 

2464 

Lyon* 

287 

7339 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 

1179 

5989 

5482 

338 

2632 

Mahaska 

5287 

Marion 

4988 

Marshall 

4445 

Mills 

2365^ 

Mitchell 

2338 

1292 

Monroe 

2884 

2743 

Montgomery 

2485 

Muscatine 

5731 

1942 

6588- 

595 

Osceola 

498 

Page 

9975 

1336 

.2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 

4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 

551 

3222^ 

Palo  Alto 

556 

Plymouth 

1136 

Pocahontas 

464 

Polk 

4513 

7828 

615 

6842 

Pottawat  tomie 

4392 

Poweshiek 



3634r 

Rinesold 

1496 

Sac 

657 

Scott 

5986 

2140 

7109 

Shelby 

1084 

Sioux 

63T 

Story 



2574: 

Tama 

8 
204 

3911 

Taylor 

2282 

Union  

1924 

Van  Buren 

12270 
8471 

961 
4957 

340 

6146 

3893 

Wapello 

3923- 

Warren 

4168 

Washington 

1594 

5346 

Wayne 

2947 

Webster 

3747 

Winnebago 

4117 

Winneshiek  

546 

406 

Woodbury 

1776 

Worth 

:... 

763 

Wricrht 

694 



Total 

1353118 

1191792 

674913 

192214| 

4.'?119 

9.H4^.^7. 

240  THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 


ILLINOIS. 

Length,  380  miles,  mean  width  about  156  miles.  Area,  55,410  square 
miles,  or  35,462,400  acres.  Illinois,  as  regards  its  surface,  constitutes  a 
table-land  at  a  varying  elevation  ranging  between  350  and  800  feet  above 
the  sea  level ;  composed  of  extensive  and  highly  fertile  prairies  and  plains. 
Much  of  the  south  division  of  the  State,  especially  the  river-bottoms,  are 
thickly  wooded.  The  prairies,  too,  have  oasis-like  clumps  of  trees 
scattered  here  and  there  at  intervals.  The  chief  rivers  irrigating  the 
State  are  the  Mississippi — dividing  it  from  Iowa  and  Missouri — the  Ohio 
(^forming  its  south  barrier),  the  Illinois,  Wabash,  Kaskaskia,  and  San- 
gamon, with  their  numerous  affluents.  The  total  extent  of  navigable 
streams  is  calculated  at  4,000  miles.  Small  lakes  are  scattered  over  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  State.  Illinois  is  extremely  prolific  in  minerals,  chiefly 
coal,  iron,  copper,  and  zinc  ores,  sulphur  and  limestone.  The  coal-field 
alone  is  estimated  to  absorb  a  full  third  of  the  entire  coal-deposit  of  North 
America.  Climate  tolerably  equable  and  healthy  ;  the  mean  temperature 
standing  at  about  51"  Fahrenheit  As  an  agricultural  region,  Illinois  takes 
a  competitive  rank  with  neighboring  States,  the  cereals,  fruits,  and  root- 
crops  yielding  plentiful  returns  ;  in  fact,  as  a  grain-growing  State,  Illinois 
may  be  deemed,  in  proportion  to  her  size,  to  possess  a  greater  area  of 
lands  suitable  for  its  production  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  Stock- 
raising  is  also  largely  carried  on,  while  her  manufacturing  interests  in 
regard  of  woolen  fabrics,  etc.,  are  on  a  very  extensive  and  yearly  expand- 
inir  scale.  The  lines  of  railroad  in  the  State  are  among  the  most  exten- 
fiive  of  the  Union.  Inland  water-carriage  is  facilitated  by  a  canal 
connecting  the  Illinois  River  with  Lake  Michigan,  and  thence  with  the 
,St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic.  Illinois  is  divided  into  102  counties  ;  the 
chief  towns  being  Chicago,  Springfield  (capital),  Alton,  Quincy,  Peoria, 
■Galena,  Bloomington,  Rock  Island,  Vandalia,  etc.  By  the  new  Consti- 
tution, established  in  1870,  the  State  Legislature  consists  of  51  Senators, 
elected  for  four  years,  and  153  Representatives,  for  two  years ;  which 
numbers  were  to  be  decennially  increased  thereafter  to  the  number  of 
six  per  every  additional  half-million  of  inhabitants.  Religious  and 
educational  institutions  are  largely  diffused  throughout,  and  are  in  a  very 
flourishing  condition.  Illinois  has  a  State  Lunatic  and  a  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum  at  Jacksonville  ;  a  State  Penitentiary  at  Joliet ;  and  a  Home  for 

(90) 


THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 


241 


Soldiers'  Orphans  at  Normal.  On  November  30,  1870,  the  public  debt  of 
the  State  was  returned  at  $4,870,937,  with  a  balance  of  11,808,833 
unprovided  for.  At  the  same  period  the  value  of  assessed  and  equalized 
property  presented  the  following  totals:  assessed,  $840,031,703  ;  equal- 
ized $480,664,058.  The  name  of  Illinois,  through  nearly  th.  whole  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  embraced  most  of  the  known  regions  north  and 
west  of  Ohio.  French  colonists  established  themselves  in  1673,  at 
Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia,  and  the  territory  of  which  these  settlements 
formed  the  nucleus  was,  in  1763,  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  conjunction 
with  Canada,  and  ultimately  resigned  to  the  United  States  in  1787. 
Illinois  entered  the  Union  as  a  State,  December  3,  1818;  and  now  sends 
19  Representatives  to  Congress.     Population,  2,539,891,  in  1870. 


242  THE   NORTHWESTERN   STATES. 


INDIANA 


The  profile  of  Indiana  forms  a  nearly  exact  parallelogram,  occupy- 
ing one  of  tlie  most  fertile  portions  of  the  great  Mississippi  Valley.  The 
greater  extent  of  the  surface  embraced  within  its  limits  consists  of  gentle 
undulations  rising  into  hilly  tracts  toward  the  Ohio  bottom.  The  chief 
rivers  of  the  State  are  the  Ohio  and  Wabasli,  with  their  numerous 
aflluents.  The  soil  is  highly  productive  of  the  cereals  and  gra-sses — most 
particularly  so  in  the  valleys  of  the  Ohio,  Wabash,  Whitewater,  and 
White  Rivers.  The  northeast  and  central  portions  are  well  timbered 
with  virgin  forests,  and  the  west  section  is  notably  rich  in  coal,  constitut- 
ing an  offshoot  of  the  great  Illinois  carboniferous  field.  Iron,  copper, 
marble,  slate,  gypsum,  and  various  clays  are  also  abundant.  From  an 
agricultural  point  of  view,  the  staple  products  are  maize  and  wheat,  with 
the  other  cereals  in  lesser  yields  ;  and  besides  these,  flax,  hemp,  sorghum, 
hops,  etc.,  are  extensively  raised.  Indiana  is  divided  into  92  counties, 
and  counts  among  her  principal  cities  and  towns,  those  of  Indianapolis 
(the  capital),  Fort  Wayne,  Evansville,  Terre  Haute,  Madison,  Jefferson- 
ville,  Columbus,  Vincennes,  South  Bend,  etc.  The  public  institutions  of 
the  State  are  many  and  various,  and  on  a  scale  of  magnitude  and 
efficiency  commensurate  with  her  important  political  and  industrial  status. 
Upward  of  two  thousand  miles  of  railroads  permeate  the  State  in  all 
directions,  and  greatly  conduce  to  the  development  of  her  expanding 
manufacturing  interests.  Statistics  for  the  fiscal  year  terminating 
October  31,  1870,  exhibited  a  total  of  receipts,  $3,896,541  as  against  dis- 
bursements, 13,532,406,  leaving  a  balance,  $364,135  in  favor  of  the  State 
Treasury.  The  entire  public  debt,  January  5,  1871,  $3,971,000.  This 
State  was  first  settled  by  Canadian  voyageurs  in  1702,  who  erected  a  fort 
at  Vincennes ;  in  1763  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  and  was 
by  the  latter  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  1783.  From  1788  till  1791, 
an  Indian  warefare  prevailed.  In  1800,  all  the  region  west  and  north  of 
Ohio  (then  formed  into  a  distinct  territory)  became  merged  in  Indiana. 
In  1809,  the  present  limits  of  the  State  were  defined,  Michigan  and 
Illinois  having  previously  been  withdrawn.  In  1811,  Indiana  was  the 
theater  of  the  Indian  War  of  Tecumseh,  ending  with  the  decisive  battle 
of  Tippecanoe.  In  1816  (December  11),  Indiana  became  enrolled  among 
the  States  of  the  American  Union.  In  1834,  the  State  passed  tlirough  a 
monetary  crisis  owing  to  its  having  become  mixed  up  with  railroad, 
canal,  and  other  speculations  on  a  gigantic  scale,  which  ended,  for  the 
tune  being,  in  a  general  collapse  of  jniblic  credit,  and  consec^uent  bank- 
ruptcy.    Since   that  time,  however,  the  greater  number  of  the  public 


THE   NORTHWESTERN    STATES.  243 

•works  which  had  brought  about  that  imbroglio  —  especially  the  great 
Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  —  have  been  completed,  to  the  great  benefit  of 
the  State,  whose  subsequent  progress  has  year  by  year  been  marked  by 
rapid  strides  in  the  paths  of  wealth,  commerce,  and  general  social  and 
political  prosperity.  The  constitution  now  in  force  was  adopted  in  1851. 
Population,  1,680,637. 


IOWA. 

In  shape,  Iowa  presents  an  almost  perfect  parallelogram ;  has  a 
length,  north  to  south,  of  about  300  miles,  by  a  pretty  even  width  of  208 
miles,  and  embraces  an  area  of  55,045  square  miles,  or  85,228,800  acres. 
The  surface  of  the  State  is  generally  undulating,  rising  toward  the 
middle  into  an  elevated  plateau  which  forms  the  "  divide "  of  the 
Missouri  and  Mississippi  basins.  Rolling  prairies,  especially  in  the  south 
section,  constitute  a  regnant  feature,  and  the  river  bottoms,  belted  with 
woodlands,  present  a  soil  of  the  richest  alluvion.  Iowa  is  well  watered ; 
the  principal  rivers  being  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  which  form 
respectively  its  east  and  west  limits,  and  the  Cedar,  Iowa,  and  Des 
Moines,  affluents  of  the  first  named.  Mineralogically,  Iowa  is  important 
as  occupying  a  section  of  the  great  Northwest  coal  field,  to  the  extent  of 
an  area  estimated  at  25,000  square  miles.  Lead,  copper,  zinc,  and  iron, 
are  also  mined  in  considerable  quantities.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to 
the  production  of  wheat,  maize,  and  the  other  cereals ;  fruits,  vegetables, 
and  esculent  roots ;  maize,  wheat,  and  oats  forming  the  chief  staples. 
Wine,  tobacco,  hops,  and  wax,  are  other  noticeable  items  of  the  agricul- 
tural yield.  Cattle-raising,  too,  is  a  branch  of  rural  industry  largely 
engaged  in.  The  climate  is  healthy,  although  liable  to  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold.  The  annual  gross  product  of  the  various  manufactures  carried 
on  in  this  State  approximate,  in  round  numbers,  a  sum  of  ^20,000,000. 
Iowa  has  an  immense  railroad  system,  besides  over  500  miles  of  water- 
communication  by  means  of  its  navigable  rivers.  The  State  is  politically 
divided  into  99  counties,  with  the  following  centers  of  population :  Des 
Moines  (capital),  Iowa  City  (former  capital),  Dubuque,  Davenj^ort,  Bur- 
lington, Council  Bluffs,  Keokuk,  Muscatine,  and  Cedar  Rapids.  The 
State  institutions  of  Iowa — religious,  scholastic,  and  philanthropic  —  are 
on  a  par,  as  regards  number  and  perfection  of  organization  and  operation, 
Avith  those  of  her  Northwest  sister  States,  and  education  is  especially 
well  cared  for,  and  largely  diffused.  Iowa  formed  a  portion  of  the 
American  territorial  acquisitions  from  France,  by  the  so-called  Louisiana 
purchase  in  1803,  and  was  politically  identified  with  Louisiana  till  1812, 


244  THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 

when  it  merged  into  the  Missouri  Territory;  in  1834  it  came  under  the 
Michigan  organization,  and,  in  1836,  under  that  of  Wisconsin.  Finally, 
after  being  constituted  an  independent  Territory,  it  became  a  State  of 
the  Union,  December  28,  1846.  Population  in  1860,  674,913 ;  in  1870, 
1,191,792,  and  in  1875,  1,353,118. 


MICHIGAN. 

United  area,  56,243  square  miles,  or  35,995,520  acres.  Extent  of  the 
Upper  and  smaller  Peninsula  —  length,  316  miles;  breadth,  fluctuating 
between  36  and  120  miles.  The  south  division  is  416  miles  long,  by  from 
50  to  300  miles  wide.  Aggregate  lake-shore  line,  1,400  miles.  The 
Upper,  or  North,  Peninsula  consists  chiefly  of  an  elevated  plateau, 
expanding  into  the  Porcupine  mountain-system,  attaining  a  maximum 
height  of  some  2,000  feet.  Its  shores  along  Lake  Superior  are  eminently 
bold  and  picturesque,  and  its  area  is  rich  in  minerals,  its  product  of 
copper  constituting  an  important  source  of  industry.  Both  divisions  are 
heavily  wooded,  and  the  South  one,  in  addition,  boasts  of  a  deep,  rich» 
loamy  soil,  throwing  up  excellent  crops  of  cereals  and  other  agricultural 
produce.  The  climate  is  generally  mild  and  humid,  though  the  Winter 
colds  are  severe.  The  chief  staples  of  farm  husbandry  include  the  cereals^ 
grasses,  maple  sugar,  sorghum,  tobacco,  fruits,  and  dairy-stuffs.  In  1870, 
the  acres  of  land  in  farms  were :  improved,  5,096,939 ;  unimjDroved 
woodland,  4,080,146  ;  other  unimproved  land,  842,057.  The  cash  value 
of  land  was  $398,240,578 ;  of  farming  implements  and  machinery, 
f  13,711,979.  In  1869,  there  were  shipped  from  the  Lake  Superior  ports, 
874,582  tons  of  iron  ore,  and  45,762  of  smelted  pig,  along  with  14,188 
tons  of  copper  (ore  and  ingot).  Coal  is  another  article  largely  mined. 
Inland  communication  is  provided  for  by  an  admirably  organized  railroad 
system,  and  by  the  St.  Mary's  Ship  Canal,  connecting  Lakes  Huron  and 
Superior.  Michigan  is  politically  divided  into  78  counties ;  its  chief 
urban  centers  are  Detroit,  Lansing  (capital),  Ann  Arbor,  Marquette, 
Bay  City,  Niles,  Ypsilanti,  Grand  Haven,  etc.  The  Governor  of  the 
State  is  elected  biennially.  On  November  30, 1870,  the  aggregate  bonded 
debt  of  Michigan  amounted  to  $2,385,028,  and  the  assessed  valuation  of 
land  to  $266,929,278,  representing  an  estimated  cash  value  of  $800,000,000. 
Education  is  largely  diffused  and  most  excellently  conducted  and  pro- 
vided for.  The  State  University  at  Ann  Arbor,  the  colleges  of  Detroit 
and  Kalamazoo,  the  Albion  Female  College,  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Ypsilanti,  and  the  State  Agricultural  College  at  Lansing,  are  chief  among 
the  academic   institutions-     Michigan  (a  term  of  Chippeway  origin,  and 


THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES.  245 

signifying  "  Great  Lake),  was  discovered  and  first  settled  by  French 
Canadians,  who,  in  1670,  founded  Detroit,  the  jjioneer  of  a  series  of  trad- 
ing-posts on  the  Indian  frontier.  During  the  "  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac," 
following  the  French  loss  of  Canada,  Michigan  became  the  scene  of  a 
sanguinary  struggle  between  the  whites  and  aborigines.  In  1796,  it 
became  annexed  to  the  United  States,  which  incorporated  this  region 
with  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  then  with  Indiana  Territory,  till  1803, 
when  it  became  territorially  independent.  Michigan  was  the  theater  oi 
warlike  operations  during  the  war  of  1812  with  Great  Britain,  and  in 
1819  was  authorized  to  be  represented  by  one  delegate  in  Congress ;  in 
1837  she  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  and  in  1869  ratified  the 
loth  Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution.     Population,  1,184,059. 


WISCONSIN. 

It  has  a  mean  length  of  260  miles,  and  a  maximum  breadth  of  215. 
Land  area,  53,924  square  miles,  or  34,511,360  acres.  Wisconsin  lies  at  a 
considerable  altitude  above  sea-level,  and  consists  for  the  most  part  of  an 
upland  plateau,  the  surface  of  which  is  undulating  and  very  generally 
diversified.  Numerous  local  eminences  called  mounds  are  interspersed 
over  the  State,  and  the  Lake  Michigan  coast-line  is  in  many  parts  char- 
acterized by  lofty  escarped  cliffs,  even  as  on  the  Avest  side  the  banks  of 
the  Mississippi  form  a  series  of  high  and  picturesque  bluffs.  A  group  of 
islands  known  as  The  Apostles  lie  off  .the  extreme  north  point  of  the 
State  in  Lake  Superior,  and  the  great  estuary  of  Green  Bay,  running  far 
inland,  gives  formation  to  a  long,  narrow  peninsula  between  its  waters 
and  those  of  Lake  Michigan.  The  river-system  of  Wisconsin  has  three 
outlets  • —  those  of  Lake  Superior,  Green  Bay,  and  the  Mississippi,  which 
latter  stream  forms  the  entire  southwest  frontier,  widening  at  one  point 
into  the  large  watery  exj^anse  called  Lake  Pej^in.  Lake  Superior  receives 
the  St.  Louis,  Burnt  Wood,  and  Montreal  Rivers ;  Green  Bay,  the 
Menomouee,  Peshtigo,  Oconto,  and  Fox ;  while  into  the  Mississippi 
empty  the  St.  Croix,  Chippewa,  Bkick,  Wisconsin,  and  Rock  Rivers. 
The  chief  interior  lakes  are  those  of  Winnebago,  Horicon,  and  Court 
Oreilles,  and  smaller  sheets  of  water  stud  a  great  part  of  the  surface. 
The  climate  is  healthful,  with  cold  Winters  and  brief  but  very  warm 
Summers.  Mean  annual  rainfall  31  inches.  The  geological  system 
represented  by  the  State,  embraces  those  rocks  included  between  the 
primary  and  the  Devonian  series,  the  former  containing  extensive 
deposits  of  copper  and  iron  ore.  Besides  these  minerals,  lead  and  zinc 
are  found  in  great  quantities,  together  with  kaolin,  plumbago,  gypsum. 


24(3  THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 

and  various  clays.  Mining,  consequently,  forms  a  prominent  industry, 
and  one  of  yearly  increasing  dimensions.  The  soil  of  Wisconsin  is  of 
varying  quality,  but  fertile  on  the  whole,  and  in  the  north  parts  of  the 
State  heavily  timbered.  The  agricultural  yield  comprises  the  cereals, 
together  with  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  pulse,  sorgum,  and  all  kinds  of  vege- 
tables, and  of  the  hardier  fruits.  In  1870,  the  State  had  a  total  number 
of  102,904  farms,  occupying  11,715,321  acres,  of  which  5,899,343  con- 
sisted of  improved  land,  and  3,437,442  were  timbered.  Cash  value  of 
farms,  $300,414,064  ;  of  farm  implements  and  machinery,  $14,239,364. 
Total  estimated  value  of  all  farm  products,  including  betterments  and 
additions  to  stock,  $78,027,032  ;  of  orchard  and  dairy  stuffs,  $1,045,933  ; 
of  lumber,  $1,327,618 ;  of  home  manufactures,  $338,423  ;  of  all  live-stock, 
$45,310,882.  Number  of  manufacturing  establishments,  7,136,  employ- 
ing 39,055  hands,  and  turning  out  productions  valued  at  $85,624,966. 
The  political  divisions  of  the  State  form  61  counties,  and  the  chief  places 
of  wealth,  trade,  and  population,  are  Madison  (the  capital),  Milwaukee, 
Fond  du  Lac,  Oshkosh,  Prairie  du  Chien,  Janesville,  Portage  City, 
Racine,  Kenosha,  and  La  Crosse.  In  1870,  the  total  assessed  valuation 
reached  $333,209,838,  as  against  a  true  valuation  of  botli  real  and  personal 
estate  aggregating  $602,207,329.  Treasury  receipts  during  1870,  $886,- 
696 ;  disbursements,  $906,329.  Value  of  church  property,  $4,749,983. 
Education  is  amply  provided  for.  Independently  of  the  State  University 
at  Madison,  and  those  of  Galesville  and  of  Lawrence  at  Appleton,  and 
the  colleges  of  Beloit,  Racine,  and  Milton,  there  are  Normal  Schools  at 
Platteville  and  Whitewater.  The  State  is  divided  into  4,802  common 
school  districts,  maintained  at  a  cost,  in  1870,  of  $2,094,100.  The  chari- 
table institutions  of  Wisconsin  include  a  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  an 
Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  and  a  Soldiers'  Orphans'  School. 
In  January,  1870,  the  railroad  system  ramified  throughout  the  State 
totalized  2,779  miles  of  track,  including  several  lines  far  advanced  toward 
completion.  Immigration  is  successfully  encouraged  by  the  State  author- 
ities, the  larger  number  of  yearly  new-comers  being  of  Scandinavian  and 
German  origin.  The  territory  now  occupied  within  the  limits  of  the 
State  of  Wisconsin  was  explored  by  French  missionaries  and  traders  in 
1639,  and  it  remained  under  French  jurisdiction  until  1703,  Avhen  it 
became  annexed  to  the  British  North  American  possessions.  In  1796,  it 
reverted  to  the  United  States,  the  government  of  which  latter  admitted 
it  Avitldn  the  limits  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1809,  attached  it 
to  that  of  Illinois,  and  to  Michigan  in  1818.  Wisconsin  became  independ- 
ently territorially  organized  in  1836,  and  became  a  State  of  the  Union, 
March  3,  1847.  Population  in  1870,  1,064,985,  of  which  2,113  were  of 
the  colored  race,  and  11,521  Indians,  1,206  of  the  latter  being  out  of 
tribal  relations. 


THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES.  247 


MINNESOTA 


Its  length,  north  to  south,  embraces  an  extent  of  380  miles ;  its 
oreadth  one  of  250  miles  at  a  maximum.  Area,  84,000  square  miles,  or 
54,700,000  acres.  The  surface  of  Minnesota,  generally  speaking,  con- 
sists of  a  succession  of  gently  undulating  plains  and  prairies,  drained  by 
an  admirable  water-system,  and  with  here  and  there  heavily- timbered 
bottoms  and  belts  of  virgin  forest.  The  soil,  corresponding  with  such  a 
superfices,  is  exceptionally  rich,  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  a  dark, 
calcareous  sandy  drift  intermixed  with  loam.  A  distinguishing  physical 
feature  of  this  State  is  its  riverine  ramifications,  expanding  in  nearly 
every  part  of  it  into  almost  innumerable  lakes — the  whole  presenting  an 
aggregate  of  water-power  having  hardly  a  rival  in  the  Union.  Besides 
the  Mississippi  —  which  here  has  its  rise,  and  drains  a  basin  of  800  miles 
of  country  —  the  principal  streams  are  the  Minnesota  (334  miles  long), 
the  Red  River  of  the  North,  the  St.  Croix,  St.  Louis,  and  many  others  of 
lesser  importance  ;  the  chief  lakes  are  those  called  Red,  Cass,  Leech, 
Mille  Lacs,  Vermillion,  and  Winibigosh.  Quite  a  concg,tenation  of  sheets 
of  water  fringe  the  frontier  line  where  Minnesota  joins  British  America, 
culminating  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  It  has  been  estimated,  that  of 
an  area  of  1,200,000  acres  of  surface  between  the  St.  Croix  and  Mis- 
sissipj3i  Rivers,  not  less  than  73,000  acres  are  of  lacustrine  formation.  In 
j)oint  of  minerals,  the  resources  of  Minnesota  have  as  yet  been  very 
imperfectly  developed;  iron,  copper,  coal,  lead  —  all  these  are  known  to 
exist  in  considerable  deposits ;  together  with  salt,  limestone,  aiid  potter's 
clay.  The  agricultural  outlook  of  the  State  is  in  a  high  degree  satis- 
factory ;  wheat  constitutes  the  leading  cereal  in  cultivation,  with  Indian 
corn  and  oats  in  next  order.  Fruits  and  vegetables  are  grown  in  great 
plenty  and  of  excellent  quality.  The  lumber  resources  of  Minnesota  are 
important ;  the  pine  forests  in  the  north  region  alone  occupying  an  area 
of  some  21,000  square  miles,  which  in  1870  produced  a  return  of  scaled 
logs  amounting  to  313,116,416  feet.  The  natural  industrial  advantages 
possessed  by  Minnesota  are  largely  improved  upon  by  a  railroad  system. 
The  political  divisions  of  this  State  number  78  counties;  of  which  the 
chief  cities  and  towns  are :  St,  Paul  (the  capital),  Stillwater,  Red  Wing, 
St.  Anthony,  Fort  Snelling,  Minneapolis,  and  Mankato.  Minnesota  has 
already  assumed  an  attitude  of  high  importance  as  a  manufacturing  State ; 
this  is  mainly  due  to  the  wonderful  command  of  water-power  she  pos- 
sesses, as  before  spoken  of.  Besides  her  timber-trade,  the  milling  of 
flour,  the  distillation  of  whisky,  and  the  tanning  of  leather,  are  prominent 
interests,  which  in  1869,  gave  returns  to  the  amount  of  $14,831,043. 


248  THE    NORTIIWESTERN    STATES. 

Education  is  notably  provided  for  on  a  broad  and  catholic  scale,  the 
entire  amount  expended  scholastically  during  the  year  1870  being  $857,- 
816  ;  while  on  November  30  of  the  preceding  year  the  permanent  school 
fund  stood  at  82,470,222.  Besides  a  University  and  Agricultural  College, 
Normal  and  Reform  Schools  flourish,  and  with  these  may  be  mentioned 
such  various  philanthropic  and  religious  institutions  as  befit  the  needs  of 
an  intelligent  and  prosperous  community.  The  finances  of  the  State  for 
the  fiscal  year  terminating  December  1,  1870,  exhibited  a  balance  on  the 
right  side  to  the  amount  of  $136,164,  being  a  gain  of  $44,000  over  the 
previous  year's  figures.  The  earliest  exploration  of  Minnesota  by  the 
whites  was  made  in  1680  by  a  French  Franciscan,  Father  Hennepin,  who 
gave  the  name  of  St.  Antony  to  the  Great  Falls  on  the  Upper  Missisippi. 
In  1763,  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  ceded  this  region  to  England. 
Twenty  years  later,  Minnesota  formed  part  of  the  Northwest  Territory 
transferred  to  the  United  States,  and  became  herself  territorialized  inde- 
pendently in  1849.  Indian  cessions  in  1851  enlarged  her  boundaries,  and. 
May  11,  1857,  Minnesota  became  a  unit  of  the  great  American  federation 
of  States.     Population,  439,706. 


NEBRASKA. 

Maximum  length,  412  miles ;  extreme  breadth,  208  miles.  Area, 
75,905  square  miles,  or  48,636,800  acres.  The  surface  of  this  State  is 
almost  entirely  undulating  prairie,  and  forms  part  of  the  Avest  slope  of 
the  great  central  basin  of  the  North  American  Continent.  In  its  west 
division,  near  the  base  of  the  Rock}'  Mountains,  is  a  sandy  belt  of 
country,  irregularly  defined.  In  this  part,  too,  are  the  "  dunes,"  resem- 
bling a  wavy  sea  of  sandy  billows,  as  well  as  the  Mauvaises  Terres.  a  tract 
of  singular  formation,  produced  by  eccentric  disintegrations  and  denuda- 
tions of  the  land.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Missouri,  constituting  its  en- 
tire east  line  of  demarcation  ;  the  Nebraska  or  Platte,  the  Niobrara,  the 
Republican  Fork  of  the  Kansas,  the  Elkhorn,  and  the  Loup  Fork  of  the 
Platte.  The  soil  is  very  various,  ])at  consisting  chiefly  of  ricli,  bottomy 
loam,  admirably  adapted  to  the  raising  of  heavy  crops  of  cereals.  All 
the  vegetables  and  fruits  of  the  temperate  zone  are  produced  in  great 
size  and  plenty.  For  grazing  purposes  Nebraska  is  a  State  exceptionally 
well  fitted,  a  region  of  not  less  than  23,000,000  acres  being  adaptable  to 
this  branch  of  husbandry.  It  is  believed  that  the,  as  yet,  comparatively 
infertile  tracts  of  land  found  in  various  parts  of  the  State  are  susceptible 
of  productivity  by  means  of  a  properly  conducted  system  of  irrigation. 
Few  minerals  of  moment  have   so  far  been  found  within  the  limits  of 


THE    NORTHWESTERN    STATES. 


249 


Nebraska,  if  we  may  except  important  saline  deposits  at  the  head  of  Salt 
Creeic  in  its  southeast  section.  The  State  is  divided  into  67  counties, 
independent  of  the  Pawnee  and  Winnebago  Indians,  and  of  unorganized 
territory  in  the  northwest  part.  The  principal  towns  are  Omaha,  Lincoln 
(State  capital),  Nebraska  City,  Columbus,  Grand  Island,  etc.  In  1870, 
the  total  assessed  value  of  property  amounted  to  $53,000,000,  being  an 
increase  of  $11,000,000  over  the  previous  year's  returns.  The  total 
amount  received  from  the  school-fund  during  the  year  1869-70  was 
$77,999.  Education  is  making  great  onward  strides,  the  State  University 
and  an  Agricultural  College  being  far  advanced  toward  completion.  In 
the  matter  of  railroad  communication,  Nebraska  bids  fair  to  soon  place 
herself  on  a  par  with  her  neighbors  to  the  east.  Besides  being  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  line,  with  its  off-shoot,  the  Fremont  and  Blair, 
other  tracks  are  in  course  of  rapid  construction.  Organized  by  Con- 
gressional Act  into  a  Territory,  May  30,  1854,  Nebraska  entered  the 
Union  as  a  full  State,  March  1,  1867.     Population,  122,993. 


iniXTlX(J    PEAIEIE    WOLVES    IN    AX   IJAKLY    DAY. 


250  CONSTITUTION    OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 


CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    OF   AMERICA 
AND  ITS  AMENDMENTS. 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union^ 
establish  jztsiice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  ^jroy«c?e  for  the  common 
defense,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty 
to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution 
for  the  United  States  of  America. 

Article  I. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in 
a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives. 

Sec.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  he  composed  of  mem- 
bers chosen  ever}^  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states,  and  the 
electors  in  each  state  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of 
the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  v/hen  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  in 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  sev- 
eral states  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole 
number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after  the  first 
meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subse- 
quent term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The 
number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand, 
but  each  state  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative  ;  and  until  such 
enumeration  shall  be  made  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled 
to  choose  three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plan- 
tations one,  Connecticut  five,  New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylva- 
nia eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten.  North  Carolina  five, 
and  Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  the 
Executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such 
vacancies. 

The  House  of  Re[)resentatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other 
officers,  and  shall  havu  ihe  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two 
Senators  from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof  for  six  years  ; 
and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first 
election,  tliey  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes. 
The  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expira- 


AND   ITS   AMENDMENTS.  2ol 

tion  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth 
year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies  happen  b}'^ 
resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  state, 
the  Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  tlien  fill  such  vacaxicies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age 
of  thirty  years  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  for  which  he 
shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  tli 
Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  oflicers,  and  also  a  President  jwro 
tempore^  in  the  absence  of  the  Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise 
the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When 
sitting  for  that  purpose  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  tried  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside. 
And  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend  further  than  to 
removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of 
honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party  convicted 
shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment, 
and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Sen- 
ators and  Representatives  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  state  by  the  Legis- 
lature thereof ;  but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter 
such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such 
meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by 
law  appoint  a  different  day. 

Sec.  5.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  election,  returns,  and 
qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the-  attendance  of  absent  members 
in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

Each  liouse  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its 
members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds, 
expel  a  member. 

Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to 
time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may,  in  their  judgment, 
require  secrecy  ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house 
on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered 
on  the  journal. 

Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other 
place  than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compen- 
sation for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States,     They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason, 


252  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES 

felony,  and  l)reach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  same  ;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house 
they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was 
elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall 
have  been  increased  during  such  time  ;  and  no  person  holding  an}-  office 
under  the  United  States,  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of 
Representatives ;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  Avith  amendments 
as  on  (  ther  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
the  Senate,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President 
the  United  States ;  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it ;  but  if  not  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have  origi- 
nated, who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration  two-thirds  of  that 
house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objec- 
tions, to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if 
approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all 
such  cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays, 
and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned 
by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted),  after  it  shall  have 
been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its 
return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a 
question  of  adjournment),  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect  shall  be  approved  by 
him,  or,  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  re-passed  by  two-thirds  of 
the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and  lim- 
itations prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Sec.  8.     The  Congress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts, 
xind  provide  for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
k^tates ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout 
the  United  States  ;  , 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States ; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several 
Str^tes,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes ; 

To  estaljlish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on 
the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States  ; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and 
fix  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures ; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and 
current  coin  of  the  United  States; 

To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads ; 


AND   ITS   AMENDMENTS.  253 

To  promote  the  progress  of  sciences  and  useful  arts,  by  securing, 
for  limited  times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  tlie  exclusive  right  to  tlieir 
respective  writings  and  discoveries  ; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court ; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high 
seas,  and  offenses  against  tiie  law  of  nations ; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules 
concerning  captures  on  land  and  water  ; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that 
use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy ; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and 
naval  forces ; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the 
Union,  suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and 
for  governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  states  respectively  the  appointment  of  the 
officers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  disci- 
pline prescribed  by  Congress ; 

To  exercise  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not 
exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  states,  and  tho 
acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  i)laces  purchased  by  the 
consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for 
the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock  yards,  and  other  needful 
buildings ;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying 
into  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this 
Constitution  in  the  government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  depart- 
ment or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the 
states  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited 
by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight, 
but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten 
dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended, 
unless  when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may 
require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion 
to  the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  state. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  rev 
enue  to  the  ports  of  one  state  over  those  of  another ;  nor  shall  vessels 
bound  to  or  from  one  state  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in 
another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury,  but  in  consequence  of 
appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of 
the  receipts  and  expeditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 


254  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States :  and  no 
person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  nnder  them,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title 
of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

Sec.  10.  No  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confeder- 
ation ;  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of 
credit ;  make  anything  .but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of 
debts  ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the 
obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts 
or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary 
for  executing  its  inspection  laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and 
imposts  laid  by  any  state  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States ;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the 
revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent   of    Congress,  lay  any  duty  on 
tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any 
agreement  or  compact  with  another  state,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or 
engage  in  Avar,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will' 
not  admit  of  delay. 

Article  II. 

Section  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of 
the  United  States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term 
of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice-President  chosen  for  the  same 
term,  be  elected  as  follows : 

Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof 
may  direct,  a  number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators 
and  Representatives  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress ; 
but  no  Senator  or  Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

[*The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  vote  Ijy 
ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of 
the  same  state  .with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the 
persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each  ;  which  list  they 
shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  Pres- 
ident of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted. 
The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed  ; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and  have  an  equal 
number  of  votes,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  immediately 
choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President;  and  if  no  person  have  a  ma- 
jority, then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  House  shall  in  like 
manner  choose  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  vote 
shall  be  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one 
vote  ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members 
from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be 
necessary  to  a  choice.     In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  President, 

•  This  clause  between  brackets  lias  been  superseded  and  annulled  by  the  Twelfth  amendment 


AND    ITS   AMENDMENTS.  255 

the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  Electors  shall  be 
the  Vice-President.  Bnt  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have 
equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  Electors,  and 
the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes  ;  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  office  of  President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that 
office  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been 
fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death, 
resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said 
office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress 
may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inabil- 
ity, both  of  the  President  and  Vice-President,  declaring  what  officer  shall 
then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  dis- 
ability be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  com- 
pensation which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the 
period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive 
within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States  or  any  of 
them. 

Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation : 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.  The  President  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  states,  when 
called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require  the 
opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive 
departments,  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices,  and  he  shall  have  powe]-  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardon  for  offenses 
against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  con- 
cur; and  he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Senate, 
;;hall  appoint  ambassaaors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States  whose 
appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be 
established  by  law ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment 
of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think  proper  in  the  President  alone,  in 
the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information 
of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  mea- 
sures as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient ;  he  may  on  extraordinary 


256  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

occasions  convene  both  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagree- 
ment between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may 
adjourn  tliem  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper ;  he  shall  receive 
ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers ;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  4.     The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  con 
viction  of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

Article  III. 

Section  I.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested 
in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from 
time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and 
inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at 
stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  2.  Tlie  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and 
equity,  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases 
affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls  ;  to  all  cases  of 
admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  party ;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more  states ; 
between  a  state  and  citizens  of  another  state  ;  between  citizens  of  differ- 
ent states  ;  between  citizens  of  the  same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants 
of  different  states,  and  between  a  state  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign 
states,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls, 
and  those  in  which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have 
original  jurisdiction. 

In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions 
and  under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by 
jury  ;  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  state  where  tlie  said  crimes  shall 
have  been  committed  ;  but  when  not  committed  within  anj''  state,  the 
trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have 
directed. 

Sec.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levy- 
ing war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid 
and  comfort.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  tes- 
timony of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open 
court. 

The  Congress  shall  liave  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason 
but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture 
except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

Article  IV. 

Section  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  state  to  the 
public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  state.     A.ud 


AND   ITS    AMENDMENTS.  '257 

tlie  Congress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such 
acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  state  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges 
and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  states. 

A  person  charged  in  any  state  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime, 
who  shall  flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  state,  shall,  on  demand 
of  the  executive  authority  of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered 
up,  to  be  removed  to  the  state  having  jurisdicl'on  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  state,  under  the  laws  thereof 
escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation 
therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered 
up  on  the  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Sec.  3.  New  states  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union ; 
but  no  new  state  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any 
other  state  ;  nor  any  state  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  states, 
or  parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  states 
concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  jjower  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful 
rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  teriitor\^  or  other  property  belonging 
to  the  United  States ;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed 
as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  particular  state. 

Sec.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  state  in  this 
Union  a  republican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them 
against  invasion,  and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Execu- 
tive (when  the  Legislature  can  not  be  convened),  against  domestic  vio- 
lence. 

Aeticle  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it 
necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  ap- 
plication of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  states,  shall  call 
a  convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be 
valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  rati- 
fied by  the  Legislatures  of  three  fourths  of  the  several  states,  or  by  con- 
ventions in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratifi- 
cation may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress.  Provided  that  no  amendment 
which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth 
section  of  the  first  article ;  and  that  no  state,  without  its  consent,  shall 
be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

Article  VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under 
this  Constitution  as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be 
made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 
land ;  and  the  Judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in 
the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  mem- 


258 


CONSTITUTION   OP   THE   UNITED   STATES 


bers  of  the  several  state  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial  offi- 
cers, both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  states,  shall  be  bound 
by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitution  ;  but  no  religious  test 
sliall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under 
the  United  States. 

Article  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  states  shall  be  sufficient 
for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  states  so  ratifying 
the  same. 

Done  in  convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  states  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof  we  have 
hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON, 
President  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 


New  Hampshire, 
John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel  Gorham, 
KuFus  King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm.  Sam'l  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman. 

Nieiv  York. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

New  Jersey. 
WiL.  Livingston, 
Wm.  Paterson, 
Davh)  Brearley, 
JoNA.  Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B.  Franklin, 
IloBT.  Morris, 
Thos.  Fitzsimons, 
James  Wilson, 
Thos.  Mifflin, 
Geo.  Clymer, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
Gouv.  Morris. 


Delaware. 
Geo.  Read, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom, 
Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 
Richard  Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James  M'Henry, 
Danl.  Carroll, 
Dan.  of  St.  Thos.  Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  Jr. 

North  Carolina. 
Wm.  Blount, 
Hu.  Williamson, 
Rich'd  Dobbs  Spaight. 

South  Carolina. 
j.  rutledge, 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Chas.  Cotesworth  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 

Georgia. 
William  Few,  ' 

Abr.  Baldwin. 

WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


AND   ITS   AMENDMENTS.  £59 


Articles  in  Addition  to  and  Amendatory  of  the  Constitution 
OF  THE  United  States  of  America. 

Proposed  by  Congress  and  ratified  hy  the  Legislatu7'es  of  the  several  states, 
pursuant  to  the  fifth  article  of  the  original  Constitution. 

Article  I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  cf  religion, 
or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of 
speech,  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble, 
and  to  petition  the  Government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

Article  II. 

A  well  regnlated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free 
state,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

Article  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without 
the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Article  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers, 
and  effects  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  vio- 
lated ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by 
oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous 
crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  Grand  Jury,  except  in 
cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual 
service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger  ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject 
for  the  same  offense  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb  ;  nor  shall 
be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be 
deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law ;  nor 
shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Article  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a 
speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  state  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have 
been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and 
cause  of  the  accusation  ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him; 
to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor ;  and  to 
have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defense. 

Article  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed 
twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  a,nd  no  fact 


260  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United 
States  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

Article  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed, 
nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Article  IX. 

The  enumeration,  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be 
construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

Article  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution, 
nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  are  reserved  to  the  states  respectively, 
or  to  the  people. 

Artic:.e  XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to 
extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one 
of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  state,  or  by  citizens  or  sub- 
jects of  any  foreign  state. 

Article  XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states  and  vote  by  ballot 
for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an 
inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  themselves ;  they  shall  name  in  their 
ballots  the  person  to  be  voted  for  as  president,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the 
person  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  the}^  shall  make  distinct  lists  of 
all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice- 
President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign 
and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the 
Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person 
having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ; 
and  if  no  jjcrson  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the 
highest  number  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as 
President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by 
ballot,  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be 
taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one  vote;  a 
quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two- 
thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  Presi- 
dent whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the 
fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  siiall  act  as 
President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of 
the  President.  Tiie  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  Vice- 
President,  shall  l)e  the  Vice-President,  if  sucli  number  be  the  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have  a  major- 


AND  ITS  AMENDMENTS.  263 

itj;  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose 
the  Vice-President ;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible 
to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States. 

Article  XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a 
punishment  for  crime,  whereof  tlie  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 
shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  juris- 
diction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 

Aeticle  XIV. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States  and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  state  wherein  they  reside.  No  state  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law 
which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States;  nor  shall  any  state  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction 
the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  appointed  among  the  several  states 
according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  per- 
sons in  each  state,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed ;  but  when  the  right  to 
vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  Electors  for  President  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the  execu- 
tive and  judicial  officers  of  a  state,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature 
thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  state,  being 
twenty-one  years  of  age  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way 
abridged  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crimes,  the  basis  of 
representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  num- 
ber of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens 
twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  state. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress, 
or  Elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or 
military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  state,  who,  having  previ- 
ously taken  an  oath  as  a  Member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the 
United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  state  Legislature,  or  as  an  execu- 
tive or  judicial  officer  of  any  state  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
same,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  may 
by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  author- 
ized by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  boun- 
ties for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  ques- 
tioned. But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  state  shall  pay  any  debt 
or  obligation  incurred  in  the  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  or  any  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave,  but  such  debts, 
obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 


264 


CONSTITUTION    OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Article  XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not 
be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  State,  on  account  of 
race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 


VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR,  1877,  AND  PRESIDENT,  1876. 


1877. 
Governor. 


187G. 
Prejidcnt. 


Kep.  Dem.   Gr.   Pro.  Kep.  Dcm 


Ailiir  

98-2 

87(1 
1547 
IKJi 

411 
1432 
178H 
1612 
1181 
1290 

747 
1453 

418 

633 
1,092 
1315 

90.^ 

602 
1279 
11154 

617 
1873 
2144 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
19:;3 
]2:« 
1311 
12.50 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

.340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1G19 
1977 
1396 

.MI.iiiiHkee 

App.inuoso 

Uviiton 

Itl.ick  Hawk 

B-Hirie  

Uiuhanan 

Itii-iia  Vista 

Biilk-r 

I'arroll.... 

("ass 

Cellar 

Ct-rro  Gordo 

Cliickasaw 

Clark 

Clay 

I'ltytoii 

l>alli»3 

Davis 

1)  Tatur 

Di'i  MoiDcs 

llillilUlllO 

Kiiiiiutt 

K.iv.tte 

¥\ny,l    

iJutlirio 

Il.irdin 

ll.-iiry  

Howard 

HiimlHjldt 

Ida ; 

Iowa 

161 
397 

1540 

1049 
352 
712 

1111 
981 
582 
769 
192 
758 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 

267 

16 

1770 

2327 
&51 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

1384 
8 

3415 
28 

1067 
208 
336 

1331 
215 
504 
496 
265 
9:> 
661 
86. 
424 
647 
149 
64 

112" 

19i,i 

11. ^4 
7.'.:t 


581 
4s5 

69 
729 

26 
567 

95 
406 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 
1241 
803 
31n 

32 
767 


406 


889 
162 
16 
334 
551 


3<>4 
422 
29 
238 
623 
1041 
201 
115 

lo-t 
642 
224 

1018 
,576 


449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
95 
74 
II 
30 

416 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

167 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 


21 

57 

2 

1,54 

1!) 

140 

519 

64 


228 

15 

26" 

101 


1334 

137(; 

170'.» 
1711 

427 
29ul 
2979 
2018 
17.i7 
2227 

770 
1828 

62. 

799 
1S76 
2328 
1274 

861 
1574 
140-> 

567 
2662 
3654 
1043 
2136 
1586 
1647 
2233 
3325 

259 
2798 

246 
3029 
2032 
1178 
1658 
1310 
1099 
1434 
1187 

281 
21,52 
15.57 
2809 
1194 

621 

212 
1870 
2126 
3375 
2166 


593 

626 

1(146 

1419 

352: 

135rI 

1.592 

1305' 

757 

1416 

200 

780 

196 

771 

979 

1445 

448 

175 

1090 

81 6 

94 

2621 

3398 

638, 

752 

1631 

V2^-> 

1460 

2917 

48 

itn 

36 

17091 
751 
379 

lOSo! 

5io: 
417, 

629: 

425 
99, 
9S0 

I3sr,| 

14S5 
60ll| 

.57, 
l.'U.S 
2185 
1804 
1449 


Counties. 


1S76. 
Preaidint. 


Johnson 

Jones 

[Keokuk  

.Kossuth  

JLee 

Linn  

Louisa 

Lucas  

Lyon  

Madison 

Ulahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mills 

Mitchell 

Monona  

Monroe  

Montgomery 

Muscatine 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo  Alto 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie.... 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Sac  

.Scott  

Shlby 

Sioux  

Story  

Tama 

Taylor  

Union 

Van  Buren 

Wapello 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne  

Webster 

Winnebago 

Winneshiek 

Wocirllmry 

Worth 

Wright 


Totals 

Majorities. 


121.54f 
4-.^19: 


Total  vote,  1877,  245,706,  1876(including^949  Greenback),  292,943. 


VOTE  FOR  CONGRESSMEN,  1876. 


Dlstrct. 

Kep. 

I  

17188 

11 

16439 

Ill 

IV 

17J23 
207711 

v 

19274 

YI 

18778 

Dcm.'  It.  Maj. 


Total. 


14814 
140«3 
1610«i 
9379 
111.54 
14719 


2374 
17.56 
1323 
11391 
8120 
4059 


32(X)2 
3 1122 
33523 
30149 
30428 
33497 


Maj.  '74. 


D.  1863' VI  I.. 
R.    6,57,  VIII 
U.      63  IX.... 
R.  3824i| 
K.  6213 
K.  2724'! 


Rep.     Dera. 


19496 
19358 
19563! 


11688 
15236 
10583 


R.  Maj. 


7808 
4122 
8980 


31184 
34594 
30146 


Miij.  74. 


R.  2300 
R. 2127 
R.  5849 


Total  vote,  1874,  184,640 ;  aggregato  Republican  miijority,  24,524.    *lncluding  5,400  Greenback  votes. 


Practical  Rules  for  Every  Day  Use. 


Hoiv  to  find  the  gain  or  loss  per  ceyit.  whe7i  the  cost  and  selling  price 
are  given. 

Rule. — Find  the  difference  between  the  cost  and  selling  price,  which 
will  be  the  gain  or  loss. 

'Annex  two  ciphers  to   the  gain  or  loss,  and  divide  it  by  the  cost 
price  ;  the  result  will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Hoiv  to  change  gold  into  currency. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  given  sum  of  gold  by  the  price  of  gold. 

Hoiv  to  change  currency  into  gold. 

Divide  the  amount  in  currency  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  find  each  partner'' s  share  of  the  gain  or  loss  in  a  copartnership 
lusiness. 

Rule. — Divide  the  whole  gain  or  loss  by  the  entire  stock,  the  quo- 
tient will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Multiply  each  partner's  stock  by  this  per  cent.,  the  result  will  be 
each  one's  share  of  the  gain  or  loss. 

Hoiv  to  find  gross  and  net  weight  and  price  of  hogs. 

A  short  ayid  simple  method  for  finding  the  net  weight.,  or  price  of  hogs., 
when  the  gross  iveight  or  price  is  given,  and  vice  versa. 

Note.— It  is  generally  assumed  that  the  gross  weight  of  Hogs  diuiiuislied  by  1-5  or  20  per  cent. 
of  itself  gives  the  net  weight,  and  the  net  weight  increased  by  }i  or  25  per  cent,  of  itself  equals  the 
gross  weight. 

To  find  the  net  weight  or  gross  price. 

Multiply  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 

To  find  the  gross  weight  or  net  price. 

Divide  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 

IIoio  to  find  the  capacity  of  a  granary.,  bin,  or  tvagon-hed. 

Rule. — Multiply  (by  short  method)  the  nnmber  of  cubic  feet  by 
6308,  and  point  off  one  decimal  place — the  result  will  be  the  correct 
nswer  in  bushels  and  tenths  of  a  bushel. 

For  only  an  approximate  answer,  multiply  the  cubic  feet  by  8,  and 
point  off  one  decimal  place. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  54,  short  method,  or 

(265) 


266  MISCELLANEOUS    INFORMATION. 

by  4i  ordinary  method,  and  point  off  one  decimal  place — the  result  will 
be  the  answer  in  bushels. 

NOTK.— In  cstlmatliif,'  corn  in  the  ear,  the  quality  and  the  time  it  lias  been  cribbed  must  be  taken 
into  consideration,  since  corn  will  shrink  considerably  during  the  Winter  and  Spring.  This  rule  generally  holds 
good  for  corn  measured  at  the  time  it  iscribbed,  provided  It  is  sound  and  clean. 

Hoiv  to  find  the  contents  of  a  cistern  or  tank. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  st^uare  of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  depth  (all 
m  feet)  and  this  product  by  5681  (short  method),  and  point  off  ONE 
decimal  place — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  barrels  of  31^  gallons. 

Hoiv  to  find  the  contents  of  a  barrel  or  cask. 

Rule. — Under  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter,  write  the  length 
(all  in  inches)  in  reverpjID  order,  so  that  its  units  will  fall  under  the 
TENS ;  multiply  by  short  method,  and  this  product  again  by  430  ;  point 
off  one  decimal  place,  and  the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  wine  gallons* 

How  to  measure  hoards. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  (in  feet)  by  the  width  (in  inches)  and 
divide  the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  square  feet. 

Ho2V  to  measure  scantlings,  joists,  planks,  sills,  etc. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  width,  the  thickness,  and  the  length  together 
(the  width  and  thickness  in  inches,  and  the  length  in  feet),  and  divide 
the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  square  feet. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  a  body  of  latid. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  (in  rods),  and  divide  the 
product  by  160  (carrying  the  division  to  2  decimal  places  if  there  is  a 
remainder)  ;  the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  acres  and  hundredths. 

When  the  opposite  sides  of  a  piece  of  land  are  of  unequal  length, 
add  them  together  and  take  one-half  for  the  mean  length  or  width. 

Hozv  to  find  the  number  of  square  yards  in  a  floor  or  ivall. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  or  height  (in  feet),  and 
divide  the  product  by  9,  the  result  will  be  square  yards. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  bricks  required  in  a  building. 

Rule. — Multiply  tlie  number  of  cubic  feet  by  22^. 

Tiie  number  of  cubic  feet  is  found  by  multiplying  the  length,  height 
nd  tliickness  (in  feet)  together. 

Bricks  are  usually  made  8  inches  long,  4  inches  wide,  and  two  inches 
thick  ;  hence,  it  requires  27  bricks  to  make  a  cubic  foot  without  mortar, 
but  it  is  generally  assumed  that  the  mortar  fills  1-6  of  the  space. 

Hoiv  to  find  the  number  uf  shingles  required  in  a  roof. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  square  feet  in  the  roof  by  8,  if  the 
shingles  are  exposed  Ah  inches,  or  l)y  7  1-5  if  exposed  5  inches. 

To  find  the  number  of  square  feet,  multiply  the  length  of  the  roof  by 
twice  the  lenutii  of  the  rafters. 


MISCELLANEOUS   TNFOEMATION.  267 

To  find  the  length  of  the  rafters,  at  one-fourth  pitch,  multiply  the 
width  of  the  building  by  .56  (hundredths) ;  at  one-third  pitch,  by  .6 
(tenths)  ;  at  two-fifths  pitch,  by  .64  (hundredths)  ;  at  one-half 
pitch,  by  .71  (hundredths).  This  gives  the  length  of  the  rafters  from 
the  apex  to  the  end  of  the  wall,  and  whatever  they  are  to  project  must  be 
taken  into  consideration. 

Note.— By  K  or  K  pitch  Is  meant  that  the  apex  or  comb  of  the  roof  is  to  be  K  or  X  the  width  of  the 
building  liigher  than  tlie  walls  or  base  of  the  rafters. 

How  to  reckon  the  cost  of  hay. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  pounds  by  half  the  price  per  ton, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  three  places  to  the  left. 

Hoiv  to  measure  grain. 

Rule. — Level  the  grain ;  ascertain  the  space  it  occupies  in  cubic 
feet ;  multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point  off  one  place  to 
the  left. 

Note.— Exactness  requires  the  addition  to  every  three  hundred  bushels  of  one  extra  bushel. 

The  foregoing  rule  may  be  used  for  finding  the  number  of  gallons,  by 
multiplying  the  number  of  bushels  by  8. 

If  the  corn  in  the  box  is  in  the  ear,  divide  the  answer  by  2,  to  find 
the  number  of  bushels  of  shelled  corn,  because  it  requires  2  bushels  of  eai 
corn  to  make  1  of  shelled  corn. 

Rapid  rules  for  measuring  land  without  instruments. 

In  measuring  land,  the  first  thing  to  ascertain  is  the  contents  of  any 
given  plot  in  square  yards  ;  then,  given  the  number  of  yards,  find  out  the 
number  of  rods  and  acres. 

The  most  ancient  and  simplest  measure  of  distance  is  a  step.  Now, 
an  ordinary-sized  man  can  train  himself  to  cover  one  yard  at  a  stride,  on 
the  average,  with  sufficient  accuracy  for  ordinary  purposes. 

To  make  use  of  this  means  of  measuring  distances,  it  is  essential  to 
walk  in  a  straight  line  ;  to  do  this,  fix  the  eye  on  two  objects  in  a  line 
straight  ahead,  one  comparatively  near,  the  other  remote  ;  and,  in  walk- 
ing, keep  these  objects  constantly  in  line. 

Farmers  and  others  hy  adopting  the  folloiving  simple  and  ingenious  con- 
trivance^ may  alivays  carry  with  thein  the  scale  to  construct  a  correct  yard 
measure. 

Take  a  foot  rule,  and  commencing  at  the  base  of  the  little  finger  ol 
the  left  hand,  mark  the  quarters  of  the  foot  on  the  outer  borders  of  the 
left  arm,  pricking  in  the  marks  with  indelible  ink. 

To  find  how  many  rods  in  length  loill  make  an  acre.,  the  width  being  given. 
Rule. — Divide  160  by  the  width,  and  the  quotient  will  be  the  answer. 


268  MISCELLA.NEOUS   INFORMATION. 

IIoiv  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  plot  of  land,  the  number  of  rods 
being  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  number  of  rods  by  8,  multiply  the  quotient  by  5, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  two  places  to  the  left. 

The  diameter  being  given,  to  find  the  circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  diameter  by  3  1-7. 

How  to  find  the  diameter,  when  the  circumference  is  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  circumference  by  3  1-7. 

To  find  hoiv  many  solid  feet  a  round  stick  of  timber  of  the  same  thick- 
ness throughout  will  contain  when  squared. 

Rule. — Square  half  the  diameter  in  inches,  multiply  by  2,  multiply 
by  the  length  ii>  feet,  and  divide  the  product  by  144. 

General  rule  for  measuring  timber,  to  find  the  solid  contents  in  feet. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  depth  in  inches  by  the  breadth  in  inches,  and 
then  multiply  by  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144. 

To  find  the  number  of  feet  of  timber  in  trees  with  the  hark  on. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  one-fifth  of  the  circumference  in 
inches,  by  twice  the  length,  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144.  Deduct  1-10  to 
1-15  according  to  the  thickness  of  the  bark. 

Soward  8  neiv  rule  for  computing  interest. 

Rule. — The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  the  time  for  which  the  interest 
on  any  sum  of  money  will  be  shown  by  simply  removing  the  decimal 
point  two  places  to  the  left ;  for  ten  times  that  time,  remove  the  point 
one  place  to  the  left;  for  1-10  of  the  same  time,  remove  the  point  three 
places  to  the  left. 

Increase  or  diminish  the  results  to  suit  the  time  given. 

Note.— The  rficlproo.-il  of  the  rate  is  found  Ijy  inverting:  the  rate  ;  thus  3  per  cent,  per  month,  ia- 
verted,  becomes  M  of  a  month,  or  10  days. 

When  the  rate  is  expressed  by  one  figure,  always  write  it  thus :  3-1, 
three  ones. 

Itulefor  converting  English  into  American  currency. 
Multiply  the  pounds,  with  the  shillings  and  pence  stated  in  decimals, 
by  400  plus  the  premium  in  fourths,  and  divide  the  product  by  90. 

U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  LAND  MEASURE. 

A  township — 36  sections  each  a  mile  square. 
A  section — 640  acres. 

A  quarter  section,  half  a  mile  square — 100  acres. 
An  eighth  section,  half  a  mile  long,  north  and  south,  and  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  wide — 80  acres. 

A  sixteenth  section,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  square — 40  acres. 


MISCELLANEOUS    INFORMATION,  269 

The  sections  are  all  numbered  1  to  3G,  commencing  at  the  north-east 
corner. 

The  sections  are  divided  into  quarters,  which  are  named  by  the 
cardinal  points.  The  quarters  are  divided  in  the  same  way.  The  de- 
scription of  a  forty  acre  lot  would  read :  The  south  half  of  the  west  half  of 
the  south-west  quarter  of  section  1  in  township  24,  north  of  range  7  west, 
or  as  the  case  might  be ;  and  sometimes  will  fall  short  and  sometimes 
overrun  the  number  of  acres  it  is  supposed  to  contain. 

The  nautical  mile  is  795  4-5  feet  longer  than  the  common  mile. 

SURVEYORS'  MEASURE. 

7  92-100  inches make  1  link. 

25  links " "     1  rod. 

4rods "     1  chain. 

80  chains "     1  mile. 

Note. — A  chain  is  100  links,  equal  to  4  rods  or  66  feet. 

Shoemakers  formerly  used  a  subdivision  of  the  inch  called  a  barley- 
corn ;  three  of  which  made  an  inch. 

Horses  are  measured  directly  over  the  fore  feet,  and  the  standard  of 
measure  is  four  inches — called  a  hand. 

In  Biblical  and  other  old  measurements,  the  term  span  is  sometimes 
used,  which  is  a  length  of  nine  inches. 

The  sacred  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  24.024  inches  in  length. 

The  common  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  21.704  inches  in  length. 

A  pace  is  equal  to  a  yard  or  36  inches. 

A  fathom  is  equal  to  6  feet. 

A  league  is  three  miles,  but  its  length  is  variable,  for  it  is  strictly 
speaking  a  nautical  term,  and  should  be  three  geographical  miles,  equal 
to  3.45  statute  miles,  but  when  used  on  land,  three  statute  miles  are  said 
to  be  a  league. 

In  cloth  measure  an  aune  is  equal  to  li  yards,  or  45  inches. 

An  Amsterdam  ell  is  equal  to  26.796  inches. 

A  Trieste  ell  is  equal  to  25.284  inches. 

A  Brabant  ell  is  equal  to  27.116  inches. 

HOW  TO  KEEP  ACCOUNTS. 

Every  farmer  and  mechanic,  whether  he  does  much  or  little  business, 
should  keep  a  record  of  his  transactions  in  a  clear  and  systematic  man- 
ner. For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  had  the  opportunity  of  ac- 
quiring a  primary  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  book-keeping,  we  here 
present  a  simple  form  of  keeping  accounts  which  is  easily  comprehended, 
and  well  adapted  to  record  the  business  transactions  of  farmers,  mechanics 
and  laborers. 


•270 


MISCELLAl^EOUS   INFORMATION. 


1875. 


A.  H.  .JACKSON. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


.Tun. 
Fob. 

March 

(( 

(( 
i( 

April 

t( 

May 

(( 

July 


lOlTo 
ITlBy 


4 

4 

8 

8 

13 

27 

9 

9 

G 

24 

4 


7  bushels  Wheat ...at  §1.25 

shoeing  span  of  Horses 

To  14  bushels  Oats at  -S  .45 

To  5  lbs.  Butter at      .25 

By  new   Harrow 

By  sharpening  2  Plows 

By  new  Double-Tree — 

To  Cow  and  Calf 

To  half  ton  of  Hay 

By  Cash 

By  repairing  Corn-Planter 

To  one  Sow  with  Pigs 

By  Cash,  to  balance  account .. 


.$8 

G 
1 


48 
6 


17 


|>88 


75 


30 


00 


50 


05 


$2 

18 
2 


25 
4 

35 


50 


00 
40 


00 
75 

15 


05 


187o 


CASS  A   MASON. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


March  21 
"      21 
"      23 

May        1 
1 

Rv  3  flavs'  labor                  -           

at  $1.25 

8G 
8 

10 

2 
2 

20 

18 

00 
10 

00 

75 
70 

00 
20 

$3 

25 
12 

18 
9 

75 

To  2  Shoats 

To  18  bushels  Corn 

By  1  month's  Labor ... 

at    3.00 

at      .45 

00 

To  Cash                    

June     19 

By  8  days'  Mowing   .    ..    .. . 

^    _      at  l>1.50 

00 

26 

To  50  lbs.  Flour 

July      10 

"       29 

Aug.     12 

12 

To  27  lbs.  Meat 

By  9  days'  Harvesting 

By  G  days'  Labor 

To  Cash . 

at  $  .10 

at    2.00 

at    1.50 

00 
00 

Sept.      1 

To  Cash  to  balance  account ...    . 

$67 

75 

$67 

75 

INTEREST  TABLE. 

A  SiMPLis  Rule  for  AccunATELT  Computing    Interest   at  Anv  given  I'ku  Cknt.  j-op.  Any 

Length  of  Time. 

Multiply  Iho  principal  (amount  of  money  at  interest)  liy  the  time  reduced  to  days;  then  divide  this  product 
by  the  (juo(i<^nt  obtained  l)y  dividing  360  (the  number  of  days  in  the  Interest  year)  Ijy  the  per  cent,  of  interest, 
andt/ie  quotient  thus  ohtaineil  will  be  tlie  required  interest. 

illustkation.  Solution. 

Require  the  Interest  of  8462.50  for  one  month  and  eighteen  days  at  6  per  cent.    An  §462.50 

Interest  month  Is  30 days;  one  montli  and  eighteen  days  equal  48  days.    8463.50  multi-  .48 

plied  by  .48  glvrs  S2a'2.0000;  360  divided  by  6  (the  per  eent.  of  interest)  gives  60,  and  

$22-J.0000<livlded  by  60  will  give  you  the  exact  interest,  whidi  is  $3.70.    If  the  rate  of  370000 

Interest  in  tlu;  above  ex.impb^  were  12  per  cent.,  we  would  divide  the  $222.0000  by  30  6)360  \     185000 

(beoause  360  divided  liv  12  gives  30);  It  4  per  cent.,  wo  would  divide  by  90;  if  8  per ) 

cent.,  by  45:  and  In  like  mauucr  forany  otber  per  cent.  60/S222.0000($3.70 

180 

420 
420 

"oo 


12  units,  or  things,  1  Dozen. 
12  dozen,  1  Gross. 
20  things,  1  .Score. 


MISCELLANEOUS  TABLE. 

196  pounds,  1  liarrel  of  Flour.  I  24  sheets  of  paper,  1  Quire. 
200  pounds,  1  Harrel  of  I'ork.     20  quires  paiier  1  Ream. 
56  pounds,  1  Firkin  of  Butter.  |  1  ft.  wide,  4  ft.  high,  and  8  ft.  long,   1  Cord  Wood. 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION.  271 

NAMES  OF  THE  STATES  OF  THE  UNION,  AND  THEIR  SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The  oldest  of  the  States,  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  the  "Virgin  Queen,"  in  whose  reign  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  made 
his  first  attempt  to  colonize  that  region. 

Florida. — Ponce  de  Leon  landed  on  the  coast  of  Florida  on  Easter 
Sunday,  and  called  the  country  in  commemoration  of  the  day,  which  was 
the  Pasqua  Florida  of  the  Spaniards,  or  "  Feast  of  Flowers." 

Louisiana  Avas  called  after  Louis  the  Fourteenth,  who  at  one  time 
owned  that  section  of  the  country. 

Alabama  was  so  named  by  the  Indians,  and  signifies  "  Here  we  Rest." 
Mississippi  is  likewise  an  Indian  name,  meaning  "  Long  River." 
Arkansas.,   from  Kansas,   the  Indian  word   for  "  smoky  water."     Its 

prefix  was  really  arc,  the  French  word  for  "  bow." 

The  Carolinas  were  originally  one  tract,  and  were  called  "Carolana," 

after  Charles  the  Ninth  of  France. 

Georgia  owes  its  name  to  George  the  Second  of  England,  who  first 
established  a  colony  there  in  1732. 

Teiinessee  is  the  Indian  name  for  the  "  River  of  the  Bend,"  i.  e.,  the 
Mississippi  which  forms  its  western  boundary. 

Kentuchy  is  the  Indian  name  for  "  at  the  head  of  the  river." 

Ohio  means  "■  beautiful ;  "  Iowa.,  "  drowsy  ones  ;  "  3Iinnesota,  "  cloudy 
water,"  and  Wisconsin,  "wild-rushing  channel." 

Illinois  is  derived  from  the  Indian  word  illini,  men,  and  the  French 
suffix  ois,  together  signifying  "  tribe  of  men." 

Michigan  was  called  by  the  name  given  the  lake,  fish-weir,  which  was 
so  styled  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  a  fish  trap. 

Missouri  is  from  the  Indian  word  "  muddy,"  which  more  properly 
applies  to  the  river  that  flows  through  it. 

Oregon  owes  its  Indian  name  also  to  its  principal  river. 

Cortes  named  California. 

Massachusetts  is  the  Indian  for  "  The  country  around  the  great  hills." 

Connecticut,  from  the  Indian  Quon-ch-ta-Cut,  signifying  "Long 
River." 

Maryland,  after  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  the  First,  of 
England. 

JVew  York  was  named  by  the  Duke  of  York. 

Pennsyhmnia  means  "  Penn's  woods,"  and  was  so  called  after  William 
Penn,  its  orignal  owner. 


27-2 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION. 


Delaware  after  Lord  De  La  Ware. 

New  Jersey,  so  called  in  honor  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  who  was 
Governor  of  the  IsLand  of  Jersey,  in  the  British  Channel. 

Maine  was  called  after  the  province  of  Maine  in  France,  in  compli- 
ment of  Queen  Henrietta  of  England,  who  owned  that  province. 

Vermont,  from  the  French  word  Vert  Mont,  signifying  Green 
Mountain. 

Neic  Hampshire,  from  Hampshire  county  in  England.  It  was 
formerly  called  Laconia. 

The  little  State  of  Rhode  Island  owes  its  name  to  the  Island  of 
Rhodes  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  domain  it  is  said  to  greatly 
resemble. 

Texas  is  the  American  word  for  the  Mexican  name  by  which  all  that 
section  of  the  country  was  called  before  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 


POPULATION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

rioritla 

GeorKia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

X.oulsiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

MlcliiBan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  .Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina .. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 


Total 
Population. 


Total  States.. 


Arizona 

Colorada 

Dakota  

District  of  Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New  Mexico 

Ut.ah 

■VVastiinKton  

Wyoming 


Total  Territories 


Total  United  SUtes  .38.555,983 


996. 992 

484,471 

560,247 

537,454 

125,015 

187,748 

1.184,109 

2,539,891 

1,680,637 

1,191,792 

364,399 

1.321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1,457,351 

1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 

1,721,295 

122,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906.096 

4,382.759 

1,071,361 

2,665.260 

90,923 

3,.521,791 

2 17,  .3.53 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

.3.30,551 

1,22.5,163 

442,014 

1,054,670 

38.113,253 


9,658 
39.864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86.786 
23,955 
9.118 

442.7.30 


POPULATION  OF  FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


New  York.  N.  Y 

Philadelphi.-i,  Pa 

KroiililvM,  N.  Y 

.SI.  l.ouis,  Mo 

ChicuKo,  111 

Baltimore,  MJ 

Boston,  Mass 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

New  Orleans,  La.  ... 
San  Franfisco,  Cal... 

ButlHlo,   N.  Y 

Wasliingtnn,  D.  C... 

Newark,  N.  J 

Louisville,  Ky 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

I'lrtsbiufir,  Pa 

•Tcrsev  Citv,  N.  J  .... 

Dclroit,  Micli 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Providence,  R.  I 

Rocliester,  N.  Y 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Kiclimond,  Va 

New  Haven,  Conn.., 

Ch;irIeston,  S.  C 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Troy,  N.  Y 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Woicfstcr,  Mass 

Lowell.   Mass 

.Meiii|)his,  Tenn 

Ciinibridge,  Mass 

Hartford,  Conn 

,Scranton,  Pa 

Heading,  I'a 

Paler.soM.  N.J 

Kiiiisas  t'ity,  Mo 

.MhIjiI,-,  .\la 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Portland,  Me 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Wilmington,  Del.... 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Lawrence,  Mass 

Utica,  N.  Y 

("Iiarlestown,  Mass. 

Savannah,  Ga 

Lvnn.  Mass 

Kail  River,  Mass.... 


Aggregate 
Population. 


942,292 

674,022 

396,099 

310,864 

298.977 

267,354 

250.  .526 

216,239 

191,418 

149.473 

117,714 

109,199 

105.059 

100.753 

92.829 

86,076 

82,546 

79,577 

71,440 

69,422 

68.904 

62.386 

,53.180 

51.038 

50.840 

48,956 

48.244 

46,465 

43,051 

41,105 

40.928 

40.226 

39,634 

37.180 

35.092 

33.930 

.33.579 

32,260 

32,034 

31,584 

31,413 

31,274 

30.841 

30,473 

28,921 

28,804 

28,323 

28,235 

28,233 

26,766 


MISCELLANEOUS    INFORMATION. 


273 


POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Area  in 
States  and  square 
Territories.      Miles. 


States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas... 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massacliusetts... 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampsliire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

*  Last  Census  of 


50, 

52, 

188 

4 

2, 

59, 

58, 

55, 

33, 

55, 

81, 

37, 

41, 

31, 

11 

7, 

56 

83, 

47 

65 

75 

112 


Population 


1870. 


1,350,544 
528,349 


857,039 


996,992 

484.471 

560,24'; 

537.45-: 

125,015 

187,748 
1,184,109 
2,539,891 
1,680,637 
1,191.792 

364,399 
1,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 
1,457,351 
1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 
1,731,295 

123,993 
42,491 

318,300 

906,096 

4,382,759 

1,071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 

Michigan  talcen  in  1874 


Miles 
K.  R. 
1875.      1872. 


1,651,912 

1,334,031 

598,429 


246,280 
52,540 


1,026,, 502 
4,705,208 


671 
25 
013 
820 
227 
466 
108 
904 
529 
160 
760 
123 
539 
871 
820 
606 
,235 
,612 
990 
,580 
828 
593 
790 
,265 
,470 
,1 

,740 
lo9 


States?  and 
Territories. 


States. 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 


Total  States. 


Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Idaho 

INIontana 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 


Area  in 
square 
Miles. 


46,000 
1,306 
29,385 
45,600 
237,504 
10,212 
40,904 
23,000 
53,924 


1,950,171 


Total  Territories.)    965,033 


Population. 


1870. 


3,521,791 
217,353 
70.5,606 

1,258,520 
818.579 
330,551 

1,22.5,163 
442,014 

1,054,670 


38,113,253 


442,730 


1875. 


258,239 
925,145 


1,236,729 


Miles 
R.  R. 

1872. 


5,113 
136 

1,201 

1,520 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,725 


59,587 


392 


375 
■■■498 
T265 


AggregateofU.S..l2,915,203  38,555,983  C0,852 

*  Included  in  the  Railroad  Mileage  of  Maryland. 


PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  OF  THE  WORLD; 
Population  and  Area. 


Countries. 


China 

British  Empire 

Russia 

United  States  with  Alaska 

France 

Austria  and  Hungary 

Japan 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

German  Empire 

Italy 

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal. 

Holland 

New  Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine  Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

,San  Sal vador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San  Domingo 

Costa  Rica 

Hawaii 


Population. 


446, 

226, 

81, 

38, 

36, 

35, 

34 

31, 

29, 

27, 

16, 

10, 

16, 

9, 

5, 

5, 

5, 

4, 

3, 

3, 

3, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

1 

1 

1 

I, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


500,000 
817,108 
925,400 
925,600 
469,800 
904,400 
785,300 
817,100 
906,092 
439,921 
642,000 
000.000 
463,000 
173.000 
921.500 
000,000 
021,300 
861.400 
995,200 
688,300 
000.000 
000.000 
669,100 
500,000 
000,000 
812,000 
818,500 
784.700 
500,000 
,461,400 
,457,900 
180,000 
300,000 
,000,000 
823,138 
718,000 
600,000 
573,000 
350.000 
300,000 
350,0(10 
136,000 
165.000 
62.950 


Date  of 
Census. 


1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 


1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

'1869 
1871 
1870 

'i87i 
1870 
1871 

1871 

'isVi 

1871 

■1871 
1871 
1871 

'isVo 


Area  in 
Square 
Miles. 


3,741,846 

4,677,432 

8,003,778 

J,603,884 

204,091 

240.348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

195.775 

3,253,029 

672,631 

761,526 

292,871 

635,964 

11,373 

29,292 

34,494 

12,680 

357,157 

132,616 

15,992 

471,838 

497,321 

871,848 

7,533 

14,753 

368,338 

5,912 

19,353 

40,879 

218,928 

63,787 

2,969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,722 

47,092 

17,827 

21,505 

7.633 


Inhabitants 

to  Square 

Mile. 


119.3 

48.6 

10.2 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
24.4 


20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
28.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 


Pekin 

London 

St.  Petersburg.. 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid , 

Rio  Janeiro 

Constantinople  , 

Mexico , 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Municli 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Cliuquisaca 

Buenos  Avres.. 

Stuttgart 

Coi)enhagen 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Alliens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

.Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal  Salvador ... 
Port  au  Prince 

Managua 

Monte  Video... 

(;omayagua 

,San  Domingo... 

San  Jose 

Honolulu 


Population. 


1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,835,800 

83.3,900 

1,554,900 

3,251,800 

825,400 

244,484 

332,000 

420,000 

1,075,000 

210.30) 

136,90) 

120,000 

314.10;) 

169,500 

234,063 

90,100 

45,0t  J 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

2.5.000- 

177.800 

91,600 

163,043 

47.000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30.000 

3,000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44.500 

13,000 

S0,000 

2.000 

7,63a 


STATISTICS  OF  AGRICULTURE  OF  IOWA  (CENSUS  OF  1875.) 


COUXTIES. 


Appanoose 

Aluiiiakee 

Audubon 

A. lams . 

Adair 

I'.uena  Vista  .  . 

Benton 

lioone 

Butler 

Bremer 

Black  Hawk... 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Cherokee 

Cass 

Crawford 

Cedar 

Cerro  Gordo... 

Clayton 

Clinton    

Ctiicka.saw 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Calhoun 

Davis 

Dec;iiur 

Dubuque 

Des  .Moines 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Floyd 

?"ayette 

Franklin 

Kreuiont 

Grundy 

Green 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Humboldt 

Howard 

Harrison 

Hancock 

iluniilton 

Henry 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Jefferson 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Lucas 

Lvon 

Linn 

Louisa 

Mitchell 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mills 

MadlBon 

Monroe 

Marshall 

MoDona 

Miucatlne 

MontRomery... 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Polk 

Pochiihontas... 
Pottawattomie 

I'oweshclk 

Paffe 

Plymouth 

Pal().\lto 

RlnifKold 

Scott 

Story 

Shelby 

SI0U.X 

Sac 

Taylor 

Tama 

Union 

Van  liurcn 

■Wayne. 

Warren 

"WlnneHhelk.... 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Washington  ... 

Webster 

Wlnni'bafto 

Wrik'bt 

Wape.lo 


Totals. 


7292 

191041 

193290 

241021 

278881 

208907 

167389 

208125 

31550 

183832 

108952 

15872 

281118 

151007 

126381 

232398 

1996G9 

141512 

1619981 

10^2215 

2237.35 

52212 

178945 

104633 

336261 

18)90 

2076S9 

21928, 

1216301 

2fH9S9' 

1.V.782 

58-233 

18,->17 

18100 

2.%5.515 

148649 

53180 

S'Mi 

SI  336 

102.S61 

255182 

57005 

153674 

117766 

191265 

246140 

41179 

48927 

2Z'-il76 

97'23« 

17.')H9 

3.5516 

150209 


47.;:u 

39930 
36906 

171048 

837451 

341615 
39935 
50249 
9194 
893.-)  7 

142401 
71257 

179752 
63298 
66979 
98999 
48793 
78692 
59757 

318811 
62649 
52922 
70176 

122490 
82779 

s-icni 

lS-i7(W 
7S-2(I6 
47.5.-,2 
56278 
48';32 
50fi<V 
82070 
31106 
,56SI1 

a-):>72 

419IH9 
4S69' 

17517 
519/2 
3-2-225 
58-<29 
191 2:: 
43S74 
893  2f 

367391 
47201 

2.3.- 
'J0222 
3:1216 
99.V2H 
667 

1671 

131670 
5709 
4.59.-. 

s.'-.f.s; 

6I7II 

;K)f,2: 

3iN 
6:1191 


1-2627850  8410435 


97765 

27013 

61871 

7-2287 

9005 

52050 

110831 

6514 

1.58188 

1 42401 

19.3019 

216949 

1406HI 

l-3.-)590 

149672 

2><835 

I33-.8O 

88857 

1-2706 

175C; 

iaX)66 

,91133 

1.50:'t)8 

153214 

99S3' 

137979 

917:iO 

117:!l« 

.39t4 

129699 

81)1 126 

26131 

14651 

141 1 1.51 1 

19219 

9(»6;9 

171. '.8'* 

1151H1 

4 1379 

16679 

5(V 

ia.-.7i2 

47230 

3:151 

21179 

7911: 
Sli'.ill 

45S2(i 
11:! 

1 1  ;<;h'.i 
l.5^7:i' 

2:->9169 

3;t(i9 

3215 

i5;^Hi 
7n'jio 

1-2121 
2S9; 
135173 


9606 
61880 

6876 
17947 
27550 
15514 
99106 
82505 
5790 
48878 
89361 
64-291 
17481 
31693 
401-23 
21000 
4046 
28199 
86883 
68683 
40162 
26756 
17968 
11040 

5378 

8211 
49240 
10615 
60401 

5701 
29256 

3911 
62067 
60779 
31096 
132-29 
67;«4 
19:591 
•27489 
38464 
1-2016 
36115 
'23918 

4889' 
20076 
15026 

3108 
48410 
43515 
45306 
79926 
360!Ki 
16-237 
33278 
10798 
10S51 
13954 

8132 
52178 
197641 
6.5531 

3i:;62 

45136 
24:!S5 
375.-)3 
11638 
69S95 
15:^,31 
32375 

1381 
14904 

8769 
370S6 

7431 
83:169 
57312 
226S9 
33628 

8606 
109-26 
47698 
266.58 
2-2029 
22996 
1 1056 
154 16 
97013 
10.-.H(i 

71.55 
10375 
4217.T 
11217.1 
15213 
2.3092 
41646 
30551 

8939 
i;i6-29 
17 


9354905   3690711    4'266973I 


937639 

89235 
281376 
435014 
162737 
1343666 
429-257 
779167 
644795 
1108024 
812342 
1^159 
401507 
676-209 
824894 
640544 
415463 
1305125 
1010345 
643519 
340161 
217090 
10:t631 

80993 

77169 
6.34135 
113396 

71728 

25822 
445848 
1510 
941439 
863670 
455909 
206901 
9766i)7 
2,57700 
393574 
497-251 

20902 
58-2803 
143701 

70006 
294682 
1802-20 

4&SI5 
670247 
550CO0 
666779 
1107170 
46-2478 
164904 
368528 

131.39 

7-2624 
153587 

76742 
656597 
189939 
108.3811 
395532 
529663 
342961 
6-28314 
101413 
11-25.38-', 
183811 
416471 
551.539 
157.5-26 

74757 
563.389 

30774 
588971 
76-28-26 
3.55792 
442736 

23-208 

78a':. 

762315 
33089. 
317944 
251286 
1 10094 
206SI3 

143780 
141188 
58808 
76346 
654679 

1813465 
2-.8,S75 
410487 
469879 
39ia51 
16'22«1 
196166 
1575.35 


7 

186 

46 
84i' 

968 
"'i66-25' 

2 
22 

44 
£60 

84 

1200 

9041 

113203 

36 
491 
100 

1080 
7912 

1-274 

31 
6192 
148 
110 
154MI 
31 

409 
66739 
1363 

200407 
3-29 
54 

12 

1388 

160 
16-267 

63 

'i-220 
10 
8-25 
1-25 
40 


2697 
221-2 
543 

484 
5584 
200 

"e-ig 

166 


894 

■475 


20-235 
160 

"i7G-2' 
618 
20 


•244 

"'5:5' 

10928 

143 

61 


1439 
5 

n 


10 

3068 

""'960' 

121854 

1-236 

910 


14193 
'■"276 

"ieisg 

759277 


83-244 
46151 
38685 
28754 
56592 
48831 

8797 

9459 
40582 
17957 
78-2-24 

9512 
37948 
89297 
168-21 
16014 
39066 
10656 
621-27 
50484 
67118 
10-29-it 
5tll50 

3183 
57652 

2197 
26162 
37091 
24066 
73845 
40175 
783037 
S8;K)2 
41304 

9998 

9916 
44720 

'2067 
20411 
62672 

2301 
f2518 
53962 
771 4'2 
100217 
654-23 
55061 
75697 

9781 
59H63 
47022 

•2645 
91773 
49642 
11'274 
83775 
846:?0 
59543 
69194 
45575 
67699 
21577 
54760 
39-251 

6379 

2510 
77497 

8981 
47-258 
86748 
71388 
10097 

6641 
85613 
59071 
51273 
17674 

6780 

8662 
48-260 
73251 
24063 
50211 
656-25 
80280 
27185 
14647 

35:30 
73265 
28713 

1374 
10089 
57035 


2385-243 

905920! 

3946551 

9697 
1402-128 

2-28231 
3328921 
1595752 
1270878 
1020041 
I9395'.)0 
1811-250 

1801-20 

315215 
1901062 

648658 
2845921 

•265443 
147r263 
3061338 

514-279 

550041 
1580-260 

3511-20 
2115569 
1763140 
1702391 
2307938 
1690)35 
44455 
2484898 
14273 

64'2448 
1296480 

758983 
1703985 
148-2582 

78:»27 
1669134 
1379961 

297381 
7912 
16-20192 
57899 

670731 
2415070 

108465 
2713830 
1605518 
31.58178 
4.5-25S'-9 
19095:'4 
1695.-)  10 
8327282 

119777 
2190306 
190-2530 
10396 
34399-23 
2184658 

411961 
8768209 
8835063 
1533976 
2953630 
1738916 
2808256 

8183S8 
1715973 
1441467 

106052 

17279 

827-2010 

229263 
17500:58 
a571105 
2239013 

17.5778 

142957 
11459:57 
2-226346 
1783477 

689556 
8-20,38 

279716 
1419<-.80 
284-2859 
1130930 
18236'22 
2405187 
8561365 

977316 

490371 

12-2*291 
283-2241 

917911 
5'2425 

281821 
2143791 


4700176  1362&4542 


3951 
4455 
2791 
15190 
10101 
13827 
14-259 
16804 
17431 
4436 
3545 
9079 
2902 
20-243 
7199 
20c  2  4 
23704 
11744 
3-238 
12337 
2993 
13643 
10555 
25115 
9242 
20577 
2403 
9937 
1519 
15461 
20770 
9532 
5419 
117 
4227 
4145 
10982 
8974 
10210 
3462 
1:353 
5108 
13393 
455 
11756 
23652 
17760 
15-267 
18-260 
14005 
15582 
5143 
11817 
12665 
8177 
2*2670 
6792 
14078 
16646 
10937 
6528 
8743 
11512 
i:36I  1 
2304 
13-287 
53-22 
8107 
1:590 
12188 
2541 
5278 
11416 
9758 
4161 
2979 
9118 
15915 
11-273 
2-254 
4591 
8035 
8718 
1357  4 
61-27 
12596 
13242 
8391 
24:507 
8072 
4445 
15701 
7491 
1327 
4134 
11570 


387346 
4428-29 

33233 
141-293 
159739 

67069 
445070 
4046-20 
4-21719 
518571 
5.38196 
556209 

98766 
11,5595 
176281 

99158 
675837 
2-28097 
669895 
70-2059 
446300 
107577 
367643 

73182 
845707 
344551 
643322 
287392 
632113 

37282 
335124 
3241 
487729 
704407 
328679 
179645 
401948 
1-20948 
153505 
350915 

90944 
340268 

69140 

48816 
168262 
858'22l 

14060 
319071 
5-21156 
52-219 
53-2239 
464824 
4461'28 
447603 

27857 
279069 
342164 

13789 
585648 
175755 
542662 
496-248 
335746 
232639 
285103 
'241081 
46.5245 

66475 
405562 
201635 

53931 

268-29 
431841 

40494 
168081 
85:5565 
34650 
1-2043' 

46859 
255a) 
528868 
343265 

71676 

45096 
6599 
269657 
384469 
187748 
353698 
367396 
281510 
8216.508 

9164 
16155 
453320 
207493 

45109 
135176 
293590 


2994     -29144352  .$131536747 


ABSTRACT    OF   IO¥A   STATE   LAWS. 


BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE  AND  PROMISSORY  NOTES. 

Upon  negotiable  bills,  and  notes  payable  in  this  State,  grace  shall  be  allowed 
according  to  the  law  merchant.  All  the  above  mentioned  paper  falling  due  on 
Sunday,  New  Year's  Day,  the  Fourth  of  July,  Christmas,  or  any  day  appointed 
or  recommended  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  or  the  Governor  of  the 
State^  as  a  day  of  fast  or  thanksgiving,  shall  be  deemed  as  due  on  the  day  pre- 
vious. No  defense  can  be  made  against  a  negotiable  instrument  (assigned  before 
due)  in  the  hands  of  the  assignee  without  notice,  except  fraud  was  used  in 
obtaining  the  same.  To  hold  an  indorser,  due  diligence  must  be  used  by  suit 
against  the  maker  or  his  representative.  Notes  payable  to  person  named  or  to 
order,  in  order  to  absolutely  transfer  title,  must  be  indorsed  by  the  payee. 
Notes  payable  to  bearer  may  be  transferred  by  delivery,  and  when  so  payable, 
every  indorser  thereon  is  held  as  a  guarantor  of  payment,  unless  otherwise 
expressed. 

In  computing  interest  or  discount  on  negotiable  instruments,  a  month  shall 
be  considered  a  calendar  month  or  twelfth  of  a  year,  and  for  less  than  a  month, 
a  day  shall  be  figured  a  thirtieth  part  of  a  month.  Notes  only  bear  interest 
when  so  expressed ;  but  after  due,  they  draw  the  legal  interest,  even  if  not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The  legal  rate  of  interest  is  six  per  cent.  Parties  may  agree,  in  Avriting, 
on  a  rate  not  exceeding  ten  per  cent.  If  a  rate  of  interest  greater  than  ten 
per  cent,  is  contracted  for,  it  works  a  forfeiture  of  ten  per  cent,  to  the  school 
fund,  and  only  the  principal  sum  can  be  recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The  personal  property  of  the  deceased  (except  (1)  that  necessary  for  pay- 
ment of  debts  and  expenses  of  administration  ;  (2)  property  set  apart  to  widow, 
as  exempt  from  execution ;  (3)  allowance  by  court,  if  necessary,  of  twelve- 
months' support  to  widow,  and  to  children  under  fifteen  years  of  age),  including 
life  insurance,  descends  as  does  real  estate. 

One- third  in  value  (absolutely)  of  all  estates  in  real  property,  possessed  by 
husband  at  any  time  during  marriage,  which  have  not  been  sold  on  execution 
or  other  judicial  sale,  and  to  which  the  wife  has  made  no  relinquishment  of  her - 
right,  shall  be  set  apart  as  her  property,  in  fee  simple,  if  she  survive  him. 


27 G  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

The  same  share  shall  be  set  apart  to  the  surviving  husband  of  a  deceased 

wiie. 

The  widow's  share  cannot  be  aflected  by  any  will  of  her  husband's,  unless 
she  consents,  in  writing  thereto,  within  six  months  after  notice  to  her  of  pro- 
visions of  the  will. 

The  i)rovisions  of  the  statutes  of  descent  apply  alike  to  surviving  husband 

or  surviving  wife.  ,.11       j  j-   1 

Subject  to  the  above,  the  remaining  estate  of  which  the  decedent  died 
siezed,  shall  in  absence  of  other  arrangements  by  will,  descend 

First.  To  his  or  her  children  and  their  descendants  in  equal  parts  ;  the 
descendants  of  the  deceased  child  or  grandchild  taking  the  share  of  their 
deceased  parents  in  equal  shares  among  them. 

Second.  Where  there  is  no  child,  nor  descendant  of  such  child,  and  no 
widow  or  surviving  husband,  then  to  the  parents  of  the  deceased  in  equal  parts ; 
the  surviving  parent,  if  either  be  dead,  taking  the  whole ;  and  if  there  is  no 
parent  living,  then  to  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  the  intestate  and  their  descend- 
ants. 

Third.  When  there  is  a  widow  or  surviving  husband,  and  no  child  or  chil- 
dren, or  descendants  of  the  same,  then  one-half  of  the  estate  shall  descend  to 
such  widow  or  surviving  husband,  absolutely ;  and  the  other  half  of  the  estate 
shall  descend  as  in  other  cases  where  there  is  no  Avidow  or  surviving  husband, 
or  child  or  children,  or  descendants  of  the  same. 

Fourth.  If  there  is  no  child,  parent,  brother  or  sister,  or  descendants  of 
either  of  them,  then  to  Avife  of  intestate,  or  to  her  heirs,  if  dead,  according  to 
like  rules. 

Fifth.  If  any  intestate  leaves  no  child,  parent,  brother  or  sister,  or  de- 
scendants of  either  of  them,  and  no  widow  or  surviving  husband,  and  no  child, 
parent,  brother  or  sister  (or  descendant  of  either  of  them)  of  such  widow  or 
surviving  husband,  it  shall  escheat  to  the  State. 


WILLS  AND  ESTATES  OF  DECEASED  PERSONS. 

No  exact  form  of  words  are  necessary  in  order  to  make  a  Avill  good  at  law. 
Every  male  person  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  every  female  of  the  age 
of  eighteen  years,  of  sound  mind  and  memory,  can  make  a  valid  will ;  it  must 
be  in  writing,  signed  by  the  testator,  or  by  some  one  in  his  or  her  presence,  and 
by  his  or  her  express  direction,  and  attested  by  two  or  more  competent  wit- 
nesses. Care  should  be  taken  that  the  witnesses  are  not  interested  in  the  will. 
Inventory  to  be  nuide  by  executor  or  administrator  within  fifteen  days  from 
date  of  letters  testamentary  or  of  administration.  Executors'  and  administra- 
tors' compensation  on  amount  of  personal  estate  distributed,  and  for  proceeds  of 
sale  of  real  estate,  five  per  cent,  for  first  one  thousand  dollars,  two  and  one-half 
per  cent,  on  overplus  up  to  five  thousand  dollars,  and  one  per  cent,  on  overplus 
above  five  thousand  dollars,  with  such  additional  allowance  as  shall  be  reasona- 
ble for  extra  services. 

Within  (en  daijs  after  the  receipt  of  letters  of  administration,  the  executor 
or  administrator  shall  give  such  iwtice  of  appointment  as  the  court  or  clerk  shall 
direct. 

Claims  (other  than  preferred)  must  be  filed  within  one  year  thereafter,  are 
forever  barred,  unless  the  claim  is  pending  in  the  District  or  Supreme  Court,  or 
unless  peculiar  circumstances  entitle  the  claimant  to  equitable  relief. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  277 

Claims  are  classed  and  'payable  in  the  following  order: 

1.  Expenses  of  administration. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness  and  funeral. 

3.  Allowance  to  widow  and  children,  if  made  by  the  court. 

4.  Debts  preferred  under  laws  of  the  United  States. 

5.  Public  rates  and  taxes. 

6.  Claims  filed  within  six  months  after  the  first  jyuhlication  of  the  notice 
given  by  the  executors  of  their  appointment. 

7.  All  other  debts. 

8.  Legacies. 

The  awards  or  property  which  must  be  set  apart  to  the  ividotv,  in  her  own 
right,  by  the  executor,  includes  all  personal  property  which,  in  the  hands  of  thf> 
deceased,  as  head  of  a  family,  would  have  been  exempt  from  execution. 


TAXES. 

The  owners  of  personal  property,  on  the  first  day  of  January  of  each  year, 
and  the  owners  of  real  property  on  the  first  day  of  November  of  each  year,  are 
liable  for  the  taxes  thereon. 

The  following  property  is  exempt  from  taxation,  viz. : 

1.  The  property  of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State,  including  univer- 
sity, agricultural,  college  and  school  lands  and  all  property  leased  to  the  State ; 
property  of  a  county,  township,  city,  incorporated  town  or  school  district  when 
devoted  entirely  to  the  public  use  and  not  held  for  pecuniary  profit;  public 
grounds,  including  all  places  for  the  burial  of  the  dead ;  fire  engines  and  all 
implements  for  extinguishing  fires,  with  the  grounds  used  exclusively  for  their 
buildings  and  for  the  meetings  of  the  fire  companies ;  all  public  libraries, 
grounds  and  buildings  of  literary,  scientific,  benevolent,  agricultural  and  reli- 
gious institutions,  and  societies  devoted  solely  to  the  appropriate  objects  of  these 
institutions,  not  exceeding  640  acres  in  extent,  and  not  leased  or  otherwise  used 
wich  a  view  of  pecuniary  profit ;  and  all  property  leased  to  agricultural,  charit- 
able institutions  and  benevolent  societies,  and  so  devoted  during  the  term  of  such 
lease ;  provided,  that  all  deeds,  by  which  such  property  is  held,  shall  be  duly 
filed  for  record  before  the  property  therein  described  shall  be  omitted  from  the 
assessment. 

2.  The  books,  papers  and  apparatus  belonging  to  the  above  institutions ; 
used  solely  for  the  purposes  above  contemplated,  and  the  like  property  of  stu- 
dents in  any  such  institution,  used  for  their  education. 

3.  Money  and  credits  belonging  exclusively  to  such  institutions  and  devoted 
solely  to  sustaining  them,  but  not  exceeding  in  amount  or  income  the  sum  pre- 
scribed by  their  charter. 

4.  Animals  not  hereafter  specified,  the  wool  shorn  from  sheep,  belonging  to 
the  person  giving  the  list,  his  farm  produce  harvested  within  one  year  previous 
to  the  listing ;  private  libraries  not  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars  in  value ; 
family  pictures,  kitchen  furniture,  beds  and  bedding  requisite  for  each  family, 
all  wearing  apparel  in  actual  use,  and  all  food  provided  for  the  fiimily  ;  but  no 
person  from  whom  a  compensation  for  board  or  lodging  is  received  or  expected, 
is  to  be  considered  a  member  of  the  family  Avithin  the  intent  of  this  clause. 

5.  The  polls  or  estates  or  both  of  persons  who,  by  reason  of  age  or  infirm- 
ity, may,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Assessor,  be  unable  to  contribute  to  the  public 


278  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

revenue;  such  opinion  and  the  fact  upon  which  it  is  based  being  in  all  cases 
reported  to  the  Board  of  Equalization  by  the  Assessor  or  any  other  person,  and 
subject  to  reversal  by  them. 

G.  The  farming  utensils  of  any  person  who  makes  his  livelihood  by  farming, 
and  the  tools  of  any  mechanic,  not  in  either  case  to  exceed  three  hundred  dollars 
in  value. 

7.  Government  lands  entered  or  located  or  lands  purchased  from  this  State, 
should  not  be  taxed  for  the  year  in  which  the  entry,  location  or  purchase  is 
made. 

There  is  also  a  suitable  exemption,  in  amount,  for  planting  fruit  trees  or 
forest  trees  or  hedges. 

Where  buildings  are  destroyed  by  fire,  tornado  or  other  unavoidable  casu- 
alty, after  being  assessed  for  the  year,  the  Board  of  Supervisors  may  rebate 
ta.xes  for  that  year  on  the  property  destroyed,  if  same  has  not  been  sold  for 
taxes,  and  if  said  taxes  have  not  been  delinquent  for  thirty  days  at  the  time  of 
destruction  of  the  property,  and  the  rebate  shall  be  allowed  for  such  loss  only 
as  is  not  covered  by  insurance. 

All  other  property  is  subject  to  taxation.  Every  inhabitant  of  full  age  and 
sound  mind  shall  assist  the  Assessor  in  listing  all  taxable  property  of  which 
he  is  the  owner,  or  which  he  controls  or  manages,  either  as  agent,  guardian, 
father,  husband,  trustee,  executor,  accounting  officer,  partner,  mortgagor  or 
lessor,  mortgagee  or  lessee. 

Road  beds  of  railway  corporations  shall  not  be  assessed  to  owners  of  adja- 
cent property,  but  shall  be  considered  the  property  of  the  companies  for  pur- 
poses of  taxation  ;  nor  shall  real  estate  used  as  a  public  highway  be  assessed 
and  taxed  as  part  of  adjacent  lands  whence  the  same  was  taken  for  such  public 
purpose. 

The  property  of  railway,  telegraph  and  express  companies  shall  be  listed 
and  a.ssessed  for  taxation  as  the  property  of  an  individual  would  be  listed  and 
assessed  for  taxation.    Collection  of  taxes  made  as  in  the  case  of  an  individual. 

The  Township  Board  of  Equalization  shall  meet  first  Monday  in  April  of 
each  year.     Appeal  lies  to  the  Circuit  Court. 

The  County  Board  of  Eqalization  (the  Board  of  Supervisors)  meet  at  their 
regular  session  in  June  of  each  year.     Appeal  lies  to  the  Circuit  Court. 

Taxes  become  delinquent  February  1st  of  each  year,  payable,  without 
interest  or  penalty,  at  any  time  before  March  1st  of  each  year. 

Tax  sale  is  held  on  first  Monday  in  October  of  each  year. 

Redemption  may  be  made  at  any  time  within  three  years  after  date  of  sale, 
by  paying  to  the  County  Auditor  the  amount  of  sale,  and  twenty  j^er  centum  of 
such  amount  immediately  added  as  penalty,  tvith  ten  pt?r  cent,  interest  per 
annum  on  the  whole  amount  thus  made  from  the  day  of  sale,  and  also  all  sub- 
sequent taxes,  interest  and  costs  paid  by  purchaser  after  March  1st  of  each 
year,  and  a  similar  penalty  of  twenty  per  centum  added  as  before,  with  ten  per 
cent,  interest  as  before. 

If  notice  has  been  given,  by  purchaser,  of  the  date  at  which  the  redemption 
is  limited,  the  cost  of  same  is  added  to  the  redemption  money.  Ninety  days' 
notice  is  recjuired,  by  the  statute,  to  be  published  by  the  purchaser  or  holder  of 
certificate,  to  terminate  the  right  of  redemption. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS  281 

JURISDICTION  OF  COURTS 

DISTRICT   COURTS 

have  jurisdiction,  general  and  original,  both  civil  and  criminal,  except  in  such 
cases  where  Circuit  Courts  have  exclusive  jurisdiction.  District  Courts  have 
exclusive  supervision  over  courts  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  Magistrates,  in 
criminal  matters,  on  appeal  and  writs  of  error. 

CIRCUIT   COURTS  • 

have  jurisdiction,  general  and  original,  with  the  District  Courts,  in  all  civil 
actions  and  special  proceedings,  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  appeals  and 
Avrits  of  error  from  inferior  courts,  in  civil  matters.  And  exclusive  jurisdiction 
in  matters  of  estates  and  general  probate  business. 

JUSTICES   OF  THE  PEACE 

have  jurisdiction  in  civil  matters  where  $100  or  less  is  involved.  By  consent 
of  parties,  the  jurisdiction  may  be  extended  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  $300. 
They  have  jurisdiction  to  try  and  determine  all  public  offense  less  than  felony, 
committed  within  their  respective  counties,  in  which  the  fine,  by  law,  does  not 
exceed  'flOO  or  the  imprisonment  thirty  days. 

LIMITATION  OF  ACTIONS. 

Action  for  injuries  to  the  person  or  reputation;  for  a  stutute  penalty;  and 
to  enforce  a  mechanics'  lien,  must  be  brought  in  two  (2)  years. 

Those  against  a  public  officer  within  three  (3)  years. 

Those  founded  on  unwritten  contracts;  for  injuries  to  property ;  for  relief 
on  the  ground  of  fraud ;  and  all  other  actions  not  otherwise  provided  for,  within 
five  (o)  years. 

Those  founded  on  written  contracts;  on  judgments  of  any  court  (except 
those  provided  for  in  next  section),  and  for  the  recovery  of  real  property,  within 
ten  (10)  years. 

Those  founded  on  judgment  of  any  court  of  record  in  the  United  States, 
within  twenty  (20)  years. 

All  above  limits,  except  those  for  penalties  and  forfeitures,  are  extended  in 
favor  of  minors  and  insane  persons,  until  one  year  after  the  disability  is  removed 
— time  during  which  defendant  is  a  non-resident  of  the  State  shall  not  be 
included  in  computing  any  of  the  above  periods. 

Actions  for  the  recovery  of  real  property,  sold  for  non-payment  of  taxes, 
must  be  brought  within  five  years  after  the  Treasurer's  Deed  is  executed 
and  recorded,  except  where  a  minor  or  convict  or  insane  person  is  the  owner, 
and  they  shall  be  allowed  five  years  after  disability  is  removed,  in  which  to 
bring  action. 

JURORS. 

All  qualified  electors  of  the  State,  of  good  moral  character,  sound  judgment, 
and  in  full  possession  of  the  senses  of  hearing  and  seeing,  are  competent  jurors 
in  their  respective  counties. 

United  States  officers,  practicing  attorneys,  physicians  and  clergymen, 
acting  professors  or  teachers  in  institutions  of  learning,  and  persons  disabled  by 


282  ABSTHACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

bodily  infirmity  or  over  sixty-five  years  of  age,  are  exempt  from  liability  to  act 
as  jurors. 

Any  person  niav  be  excused  from  serving  on  a  jury  when  his  own  interests 
or  the  public's  will  "be  materially  injured  by  his  attendance,  or  when  the  state  of 
his  health  or  the  death,  or  sickness  of  his  family  requires  his  absence. 

CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT 

was  restored  by  the  Seventeenth  General  Assembly,  making  it  optional  with 
the  jury  to  inflict  it  or  not. 

A  MARRIED  WOMAN 

may  convey  or  incumber  real  estate,  or  interest  therein,  belonging  to  her ;  may 
control  the'  same  or  contract  with  reference  thereto,  as  other  persons  may  con- 
vey, encumber,  control  or  contract. 

She  may  own,  acquire,  hold,  convey  and  devise  property,  as  her  husband 
may. 

'^Iler  husband  is  not  liable  for  civil  injuries  committed  by  her. 

She  may  convey  property  to  her  husband,  and  he  may  convey  to  her. 

She  may  constitute  her  husband  her  attorney  in  fact. 

EXEMPTIONS  FROM  EXECUTION. 

A  resident  of  the  State  and  head  of  a  family  may  hold  the  following  prop- 
erty exempt  from  execution  :  All  wearing  apparel  of  himself  and  family  kept  for 
actual  use  and  suitable  to  the  condition,  and  the  trunks  or  other  receptacles  nec- 
essary to  contain  the  same ;  one  musket  or  rifl*  and  shot-gun  ;  all  private 
libraries,  family  Bibles,  portraits,  pictures,  musical  instruments,  and  paintings 
not  kept  for  the  purpose  of  sale ;  a  seat  or  pew  occupied  by  the  debtor  or  his 
family  in  any  house  of  public  worship  ;  an  interest  in  a  public  or  private  burying 
ground  not  exceeding  one  acre;  two  cows  and  a  calf;  one  horse,  unless  a  horse 
is  exempt  as  hereinafter  provided ;  fifty  sheep  and  the  wool  therefrom,  and  the 
materials  manufactured  from  said  wool ;  six  stands  of  bees ;  five  hogs  and  all 
pigs  under  six  months  ;  the  necessary  food  for  exempted  animals  for  six  months  ; 
all  flax  raised  from  one  acre  of  ground,  and  manufiictures  therefrom  ;  one  bed- 
stead and  necessary  bedding  for  every  two  in  the  family  ;  all  cloth  manufactured 
by  the  defendant  not  exceeding  one  hundred  yards ;  household  and  kitchen  fur- 
niture not  exceeding  two  hundred  dollars  in  value ;  all  spinning  wheels  and 
looms ;  one  sewing  machine  and  other  instruments  of  domestic  laber  kept  for 
actual  use ;  the  necessary  provisions  and  fuel  for  the  use  of  the  family  for  six 
months ;  the  proper  tools,  instruments,  or  books  of  the  debtor,  if  a  farmer, 
mechanic,  surveyor,  clergyman,  lawyer,  physician,  teacher  or  professor;  the 
horse  or  the  team,  consisting  of  not  more  than  two  horses  or  mules,  or  two  yokes 
of  cattle,  and  the  wagon  or  other  vehicle,  with  the  proper  harness  or  tackle,  by 
the  use  of  which  the  debtor,  if  a  physician,  public  officer,  farmer,  teamster  or 
other  laborer,  habitually  earns  his  living ;  and  to  the  debtor,  if  a  printer,  there 
shall  also  be  exemjjt  a  printing  press  and  the  types,  furniture  and  material  nec- 
essary for  the  use  of  such  printing  press,  and  a  newspaper  office  to  the  value  of 
twelve  hundred  dollars;  the  earnings  of  such  debtor,  or  those  of  his  family,  at 
any  time  \\ithin  ninety  days  next  preceding  the  levy. 

Persons  unmarried  and  not  the  head  of  a  family,  and  non-residents,  have 
exempt  their  own  ordinary  wearing  apparel  and  trunks  to  contain  the  same. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  283 

There  is  also  exempt,  to  a  head  of  a  family,  a  homestead,  not  exceeding  forty 
acres ;  or,  if  inside  city  limits,  one-half  acre  with  improvements,  value  not 
limited.  The  homestead  is  liable  for  all  debts  contracted  prior  to  its  acquisition  as 
such,  and  is  subject  to  mechanics'  liens  for  work  or  material  furnished  for  the  same. 

An  article,  otherwise  exempt,  is  liable,  on  execution,  for  the  purchase 
money  thereof. 

Where  a  debtor,  if  a  head  of  a  family,  has  started  to  leave  the  State,  he  shall 
have  exempt  only  the  ordinary  wearing  apparel  of  himself  and  family,  and 
otlier  property  in  addition,  as  he  may  select,  in  all  not  exceeding  seventy-five 
dollars  in  value. 

A  policy  of  life  insurance  shall  inure  to  the  separate  use  of  the  husband  or 
wife  and  children,  entirely  independent  of  his  or  her  creditors. 

ESTRAYS. 

An  unbroken  animal  shall  not  be  taken  up  as  an  estray  between  May  1st 
and  November  1st,  of  each  year,  unless  the  same  be  found  within  the  lawful 
enclosure  of  a  householder,  who  alone  can  take  up  such  animal,  unless  some 
other  person  gives  him  notice  of  the  fact  of  such  animal  coming  on  his  place ; 
and  if  he  fails,  within  five  days  thereafter,  to  take  up  such  estray,  any  other 
householder  of  the  township  may  take  up  such  estray  and  proceed  with  it  as  if 
taken  on  his  own  premises,  provided  he  shall  prove  to  the  Justice  of  the  Peace 
such  notice,  and  shall  make  affidavit  where  such  estray  Avas  taken  up. 

Any  swine,  sheep,  goat,  horse,  neat  cattle  or  other  animal  distrained  (for 
damage  done  to  one's  enclosure),  when  the  owner  is  not  known,  shall  be  treated 
as  an  estray. 

Within  five  days  after  taking  up  an  estray,  notice,  containing  a  full  descrip- 
tion thereof,  shall  be  posted  up  in  three  of  the  most  public  places  in  the  town- 
ship ;  and  in  ten  days,  the  person  taking  up  such  estray  shall  go  before  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  the  township  and  make  oath  as  to  where  such  estray  Avas  taken 
up,  and  that  the  marks  or  brands  have  not  been  altered,  to  his  knowledge.  The 
estray  shall  then  be  appraised,  by  order  of  the  Justice,  and  the  appraisement, 
description  of  the  size,  age,  color,  sex,  marks  and  brands  of  the  estray  shall  be 
entered  by  the  Justice  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  he  shall,  within  ten 
days  thereafter,  send  a  certified  copy  thereof  to  the  County  Auditor. 

When  the  appraised  value  of  an  estray  does  not  exceed  five  dollars,  the 
Justice  need  not  proceed  further  than  to  enter  the  description  of  the  estray  on 
his  book,  and  if  no  owner  appears  within  six  months,  the  property  shall  vest  in 
the  finder,  if  he  has  complied  with  the  law  and  paid  all  costs. 

Where  appraised  value  of  estray  exceeds  five  and  is  less  than  ten  dollars,  if 
no  owner  appears  in  nine  months,  the  finder  has  the  property,  if  he  has  com- 
plied with  the  law  and  paid  costs. 

An  estray,  legally  taken  up,  may  be  used  or  Avorked  with  care  and 
moderation. 

If  any  person  unlaAvfully  take  up  an  estray,  or  take  up  an  estray  and  fail  to 
comply  with  the  law  regarding  estrays,  or  use  or  work  it  contrary  to  above,  or 
Avork  it  Defore  having  it  appraised,  or  keep  such  estray  out  of  the  county  more 
than  five  days  at  one  time,  before  acquiring  ownership,  such  offender  shall  forfeit 
to  the  county  twenty  dollars,  and  the  owner  may  recover  double  damages  Avitli 
costs. 

If  the  owner  of  any  estray  fail  to  claim  and  prove  his  title  for  one  year  after 
the  taking  up,  and  the  finder  shall  have  complied  Avith  the  law,  a  comolete  title 
vests  in  the  finder. 


284  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

But  if  the  owner  appear  within  eighteen  months  from  the  taking  up,  prove 
his  ownership  and  pay  all  costs  and  expenses,  the  finder  shall  pay  him  the 
appraised  value  of  such  estray,  or  may,  at  his  option,  deliver  up  the  estray. 

WOLF  SCALPS. 
A  bounty  of  one  dollar  is  paid  for  wolf  scalps. 

MARKS  AND  BRANDS. 

Any  person  may  adopt  his  own  mark  or  brand  for  his  domestic  animals,  and 
have  a  description  tliereof  recorded  by  the  Township  Clerk. 

No  person  shall  adopt  the  recorded  mark  or  brand  of  any  other  person 
residing  in  his  township. 

DAMAGES  FROM  TRESPASS. 

When  any  person's  lands  are  enclosed  by  a  lawful  fence,  the  owner  of  any 
domestic  animal  injuring  said  lands  is  liable  for  the  damages,  and  the  damages 
may  be  recovered  by  suit  against  the  owner,  or  may  be  made  by  distraining  the 
animals  doing  the  damage;  and  if  the  party  injured  elects  to  recover  by  action 
at^ainst  the  owner,  no  appraisement  need  be  made  by  the  Trustees,  as  in  case  of 
distraint. 

When  trespassing  animals  are  distrained  within  twenty-four  hours,  Sunday 
not  included,  the  party  injured  shall  notify  the  owner  of  said  animals,  if  known  ; 
and  if  the  owner  fails  to  satisfy  the  party  within  twenty-four  hours  thereafter, 
the  party  shall  have  the  township  Trustees  assess  the  tlamage,  and  notice  shall 
be  posted  up  in  three  conspicuous  places  in  the  township,  that  the  stock,  or  part 
thereof,  shall,  on  the  tenth  day  after  j^osting  the  notice,  between  the  hours  of  1 
and  -J  P.  M.,  be  sold  to  the  highest  bidder,  to  satisfy  said  damages,  with  costs. 

Appeal  lies,  within  twenty  days,  from  the  action  of  the  Trustees  to  the  Cir- 
cuit Court.  X 

^V'llere  stock  is  restrained,  by  police  regulation  or  by  law,  from  running  at 
large,  any  person  injured  in  his  improved  or  cultivated  lands  by  any  domestic 
animal,  may,  by  action  against  the  owner  of  such  animal,  or  by  distraining  such 
animal,  recover  his  damages,  whether  the  lands  whereon  the  injury  was  done 
were  inclosed  by  a  lawful  fence  or  not. 

FENCES. 

A  lawful  fence  is  fifty-four  inches  high,  made  of  rails,  wire  or  boards,  with 
posts  not  more  than  ten  feet  apart  where  rails  are  used,  and  eight  feet  where 
boards  are  used,  substantially  built  and  kej)t  in  good  repair;  or  any  other  fence 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Fence  A^iewers,  shall  be  declared  a  lawful  fence — 
provided  the  lower  rail,  wire  or  board  be  not  more  that  twenty  nor  less  than  six- 
teen inches  from  the  ground. 

The  respective  owners  of  lands  enclosed  with  fences  shall  maintain  partition 
fences  between  their  own  and  next  adjoining  enclosure  so  long  as  they  improve 
thera  in  e([ual  shares,  unless  otherwise  agreed  between  them. 

If  any  party  neglect  to  maintain  such  partition  fence  as  he  shoukl  maintain, 
the  Fence  A'iewers  (the  township  Trustees),  upon  complaint  of  aggrieved  party, 
may,  upon  due  notice  to  both  parties,  examine  the  fence,  and,  if  found  insuf- 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  285 

ficient,  notify  the  delinquent  party,  in  writing,  to  repair  or  re-build  the  same 
Avithin  sucli  time  as  they  judge  reasonable. 

If  the  fence  be  not  repaired  or  rebuilt  accordingly,  the  complainant  may  do 
so,  and  the  same  being  adjudged  sufficient  by  the  Fence  Viewers,  and  the 
value  thereof,  with  their  fees,  being  ascertained  and  certified  under  their  hands, 
the  complainant  may  demand  of  the  delinquent  the  sum  so  ascertained,  and  if 
the  same  be  not  paid  in  one  month  after  demand,  may  recover  it  with  one  per 
cent  a  month  interest,  by  action. 

In  case  of  disputes,  the  Fence  Viewers  may  decide  as  to  who  shall  erect  or 
maintain  partition  fences,  and  in  what  time  the  same  shall  be  done ;  and  in  case 
any  party  neglect  to  maintain  or  erect  such  part  as  may  be  assigned  to  him, 
the  aggrieved  party  may  erect  and  maintain  the  same,  and  recover  double 
damages. 

No  person,  not  wishing  his  land  inclosed,  and  not  using  it  otherwise  than  in 
common,  shall  be  compelled  to  maintain  any  partition  fence  ;  but  when  he  uses 
or  incloses  his  land  otherwise  than  in  common,  he  shall  contribute  to  the  parti- 
tion fences. 

Where  parties  have  had  their  lands  inclosed  in  common,  and  one  of  the 
owners  desires  to  occupy  his  separate  and  apart  from  the  other,  and  the  other 
refuses  to  divide  the  line  or  build  a  sufiicient  fence  on  the  line  when  divided, 
the  Fence  Viewers  may  divide  and  assign,  and  upon  neglect  of  the  other  to 
build  as  ordered  by  the  Viewers,  the  one  may  build  the  other's  part  and 
recover  as  above. 

And  when  one  incloses  land  which  has  lain  uninclosed,  he  must  pay  for 
one-half  of  each  partition  fence  between  himself  and  his  neighbors. 

Where  one  desires  to  lay  not  less  than  twenty  feet  of  his  lands,  adjoining 
his  neighbor,  out  to  the  public  to  be  used  in  common,  he  must  give  his  neighbor 
SIX  months'  notice  thereof. 

Where  a  fence  has  been  built  on  the  land  of  another  through  mistake,  the 
owner  may  enter  upon  such  premises  and  remove  his  fence  and  material  withn 
six  months  after  the  division  line  has  been  ascertained.  Where  the  material  to 
build  such  a  fence  has  been  taken  from  the  land  on  which  it  was  built,  then, 
before  it  can  be  removed,  the  person  claiming  must  first  pay  for  such  material 
to  the  owner  of  the  land  from  Avhich  it  was  taken,  nor  shall  such  a  fence  be 
removed  at  a  time  Avhen  the  removal  will  throw  open  or  expose  tlie  crops  of  the 
other  party ;  a  reasonable  time  must  be  given  beyond  the  six  months  to  remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS'  LIENS. 

Every  mechanic,  or  other  person  who  shall  do  any  labor  upon,  or  furnish 
any  materials,  machinery  or  fixtures  for  any  building,  erection  or  other  improve- 
ment upon  land,  including  those  engaged  in  the  construction  or  repair  of  any 
work  of  internal  improvement,  by  virtue  of  any  contract  with  the  owner,  his 
agent,  trustee,  contractor,  or  sub-contractor,  shall  have  a  lien,  on  complying 
with  the  forms  of  law,  upon  the  building  or  other  improvement  for  his  labor 
done  or  materials  furnished. 

It  would  take  too  large  a  space  to  detail  the  manner  in  which  a  sub- 
contractor secures  his  lien.  He  should  file,  within  thirty  days  after  the  last  of 
the  labor  was  performed,  or  the  last  of  the  material  shall  have  been  furnished, 
with  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  a  true  account  of  the  amount  due  him,  after 
allowing  all  credits,  setting  forth  the  time  when  such  material  was  furnished  or 
labor  performed,  and  when  completed,  and  containing  a  correct  description  of 


286  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

tlie  property  souglit  to  be  charged  with  the  lien,  and  the  -whole  verified  by 
affidavit. 

A  principal  contractor  must  file  such  an  affidavit  witliin   ninety  days,  as 

above. 

Ordinarily,  there  are  so  many  points  to  be  examined  in  order  to  secure  a 
mechanics'  lien,  that  it  is  much  better,  unless  one  is  accustomed  to  managing 
sucli  liens,  to  consult  at  once  with  an  attorney. 

Remember  tliat  the  proper  time  to  file  the  claim  is  ninety  days  for  a  princi- 
pal contractor,  thirty  days  for  a  sub-contractor,  as  above;  and  that  actions  to 
enforce  these  liens  must  be  commenced  within  two  years,  and  the  rest  can  much 
better  be  done  with  an  attorney. 

ROADS  AND  BRIDGES. 

Persons  meeting  each  other  on  the  public  highways,  shall  give  one-half  of 
the  same  by  turning  to  the  right.  All  persons  failing  to  observe  this  rule  shall 
be  liable  to  pay  all  damages  resulting  therefrom,  together  with  a  fine,  not  exceed- 
ing five  dollars. 

The  prosecution  must  be  instituted  on  the  complaint  of  the  person  wronged. 

Any  person  guilty  of  racing  horses,  or  driving  upon  the  public  highway,  in 
a  manner  likely  to  endanger  the  persons  or  the  lives  of  others,  shall,  on  convic- 
tion, be  fined  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  or  imprisoned  not  exceeding 
thirty  days. 

It  is  a  misdemeanor,  Avithout  authority  from  the  proper  Road  Supervisor,  to 
break  upon,  plow  or  dig  within  the  boundary  lines  of  any  public  highway. 

The  money  tax  levied  upon  the  ])roperty  in  each  road  district  in  each  town- 
ship (except  the  general  Township  Fund,  set  apart  for  purchasing  tools,  machin- 
ery and  guide  boards),  whether  collected  by  the  Road  Supervisor  or  County 
Treasurer,  shall  be  expended  for  highway  purposes  in  that  district,  and  no  part 
thereof  shall  be  paid  out  or  expended  for  the  benefit  of  another  district. 

The  Road  Supervisor  of  each  district,  is  bound  to  keep  the  roads  and  bridges 
therein,  in  as  good  condition  as  the  funds  at  his  disposal  will  permit;  to  put 
guide  boards  at  cross  roads  and  forks  of  highways  in  his  district;  and  when  noti- 
fied in  writing  that  any  portion  of  the  public  highway,  or  any  bridge  is  unsafe, 
must  in  a  reasonable  time  repair  the  same,  and  for  this  purpose  may  call  out 
any  or  all  the  able  bodied  men  in  the  district,  but  not  more  than  two  days  at 
one  time,  without  their  consent. 

Also,  when  notified  in  writing,  of  the  growtli  of  any  Canada  thistles  upon 
vacant  or  non-resident  lands  or  lots,  witiiin  his  district,  the  owner,  lessee  or 
agent  thereof  being  unknown,  sliall  cause  the  same  to  be  destroyed. 

Bridges  when  erected  or  maintained  by  the  public,  are  parts  of  the  highway, 
and  must  not  be  less  than  sixteen  feet  wide. 

A  penalty  is  imposed  upon  any  one  who  rides  or  drives  faster  than  a  walk 
across  any  sucii  bridge. 

The  manner  of  establishing,  vacating  or  altering  roads,  etc.,  is  so  well  known 
to  all  township  officers,  that  it  is  sufficient  here  to  say  that  the  first  step  is  by 
petition,  filed  in  the  Auditor's  office,  addressed  in  substance  as  follows  : 

The  Board  of  Supervisors  of County :    The  undersigned  asks  that 

a  highway,  commencing  at and  running  thence and  terminating 

at ,  be  established,  viicated  or  altered  (as  the  case  may  be.) 

When  the  petition  is  filed,  all  necessary  and  succeeding  steps  will  be  shown 
and  explained  to  the  petitioners  by  the  Auditor. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  287 


ADOPTION  OF  CHILDREN. 


Any  person  competent  to  make  a  will  can  adopt  as  his  own  the  minor  child 
of  another.  The  consent  of  both  parents,  if  living  and  not  divorced  or  separ- 
ated, and  if  divorced  or  separated,  or  if  unmarried,  the  consent  of  the  parent 
lawfully  having  the  custody  of  the  child  ;  or  if  either  parent  is  dead,  then  the 
consent  of  the  survivor,  or  if  both  parents  be  dead,  or  the  child  have  been  and 
remain  abandoned  by  them,  then  the  consent  of  the  Mayor  of  the  city  where 
the  child  is  living,  or  if  not  in  the  city,  then  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  county  shall  be  given  to  such  adoption  by  an  instrument  in  writing, 
signed  by  party  or  parties  consenting,  and  stating  the  names  of  the  parties,  if 
known,  the  name  of  the  child,  if  known,  the  name  of  the  person  adopting  such 
child,  and  the  residence  of  all,  if  known,  and  declaring  the  name  by  which  the 
child  is  thereafter  to  be  called  and  known,  and  stating,  also,  that  such  child  is 
given  to  the  person  adopting,  for  the  purpose  of  adoption  as  his  own  child. 

The  person  adopting  shall  also  sign  said  instrument,  and  all  the  parties  shall 
acknoAvledge  the  same  in  the  manner  that  deeds  conveying  lands  shall  be 
acknowledged. 

The  instrument  shall  be  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  County  Recorder. 

SURVEYORS  AND  SURVEYS. 

Thei'e  is  in  every  county  elected  a  Surveyor  known  as  County  Surveyor, 
who  has  power  to  appoint  deputies,  for  whose  official  acts  he  is  responsible.  It 
is  the  duty  of  the  County  Surveyor,  either  by  himself  or  his  Duputy,'  to  make 
all  surveys  that  he  may  be  called  upon  to  make  within  his  county  as  soon  as 
may  be  after  application  is  made.  The  necessary  chainmen  and  other  assist- 
ance must  be  employed  by  the  person  requiring  the  same  to  be  done,  and  to  be 
by  him  paid,  unless  otherwise  agreed  ;  but  the  chainmen  must  be  disinterested 
persons  and  approved  by  the  Surveyor  and  sworn  by  him  to  measure  justly  and 
impartially.  Previous  to  any  survey,  he  shall  furnish  himself  with  a  copy  of 
the  field  notes  of  the  original  survey  of  the  same  land,  if  there  be  any  in  the 
office  of  the  County  Auditor,  and  his  survey  shall  be  made  in  accordance  there- 
with. 

Their  fees  are  three  dollars  per  day.  For  certified  copies  of  field  notes, 
twenty-five  cents. 

SUPPORT  OF  POOR. 

The  father,  mother  and  children  of  any  poor  person  who  has  applied  for  aid, 
and  Avho  is  unable  to  maintain  himself  by  work,  shall,  jointly  or  severally, 
maintain  such  poor  person  in  such  manner  as  may  be  approved  by  the  Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In  the  absence  or  inability  of  nearer  relatives,  the  same  liability  shall  extend 
to  the  grandparents,  if  of  ability  without  personal  labor,  and  to  the  male  grand- 
children who  are  of  ability,  by  personal  labor  or  otherwise. 

The  Township  Trustees  may,  upon  the  failure  of  such  relatives  to  maintain 
a  poor  person,  who  has  made  application  for  relief,  apply  to  the  Circuit  Court 
for  an  order  to  compel  the  same. 

Upon  ten  days'  notice,  in  writing,  to  the  parties  sought  to  be  charged,  a 
hearing  may  be  had,  and  an  order  made  for  entire  or  partial  support  of  the  poor 
person. 


288  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

Appeal  may  be  taken  from  such  judgment  as  from  other  judgments  of  the 
Circuit  Court. 

When  any  person,  having  any  estate,  abandons  either  chikh-en,  wife  or  hus- 
band, leaving  them  chargeable,  or  likely  to  become  chargeable,  upon  the  public  for 
suj)port,  up(m  proof  of  above  fact,  an  order  may  be  had  from  the  Clerk  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  or  Judge,  authorizing  tlie  Trustees  or  the  Sheriff  to  take  into 
possession  such  estate. 

The  Court  may  direct  such  personal  estate  to  be  sold,  to  be  applied,  as  well 
as  the  rents  and  profits  of  the  real  estate,  if  any,  to  the  support  of  children, 
wife  or  husband. 

If  tiie  party  against  whom  the  order  is  issued  return  and  support  the  per- 
son abandoned,  or  give  security  for  the  same,  the  order  shall  be  discharged,  and 
the  property  taken  returned. 

The  mode  of  relief  for  the  poor,  through  the  action  of  the  Township 
Trustees,  or  the  action  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  is  so  Avell  known  to  every 
township  officer,  and  the  circumstances  attending  applications  for  relief  are  so 
varied,  that  it  need  now  only  be  said  that  it  is  the  duty  of  each  county  to  pro- 
vide for  its  poor,  no  matter  at  what  place  they  may  be. 


LANDLORD  AND  TENANT. 

A  tenant  giving  notice  to  quit  demised  premises  at  a  time  named,  and  after- 
ward holding  over,  and  a  tenant  or  his  assignee  willfully  holding  over  the  prem- 
ises after  the  term,  and  after  notice  to  quit,  shall  pay  double  rent. 

Any  person  in  possession  of  real  property,  with  the  assent  of  the  owner,  is 
presumed  to  be  a  tenant  at  will  until  the  contrary  is  shown. 

Thirty  days'  notice,  in  writing,  is  necessary  to  be  given  by  either  party 
before  he  can  terminate  a  tenancy  at  will ;  but  when,  in  any  case,  a  rent  is 
reserved  payable  at  intervals  of  less  than  thirty  days,  the  length  of  notice  need 
not  be  greater  than  such  interval  between  the  days  of  payment.  In  case  of 
tenants  occupying  and  cultivating  farms,  the  notice  must  fix  the  termination  of 
tlie  tenancy  to  take  place  on  the  1st  day  of  March,  except  in  cases  of  field 
tenants  or  croppers,  whose  leases  shall  be  held  to  expire  when  the  crop  is  har- 
vested ;  provided,  that  in  case  of  a  crop  of  corn,  it  shall  not  be  later  than  the 
1st  day  of  December,  unless  otherwise  agreed  upon.  But  when  an  express 
agreement  is  made,  whether  the  same  has  been  reduced  to  writing  or  not, 
the  tenancy  shall  cease  at  the  time  agreed  upon,  without  notice. 

But  where  an  express  agreement  is  made,  whether  reduced  to  writing  or 
not,  the  tenancy  shall  cease  at  the  time  agreed  upon,  without  notice. 

If  such  tenant  cannot  be  found  in  the  county,  the  notices  above  required 
may  be  given  to  any  sub-tenant  or  other  person  in  possession  of  the  premises ; 
or,  if  the  premises  be  vacant,  by  affixing  the  notice  to  the  principal  door  of  the 
buihling  or  in  some  conspicuous  position  on  the  land,  if  there  be  no  building. 

The  landlord  shall  have  a  lien  for  his  rent  upon  all  the  crops  grown  on  the 
premises,  and  upon  any  other  personal  property  of  the  tenant  used  on  the 
premises  tluring  the  term,  and  not  exempt  from  execution,  for  the  period  of  one 
year  after  a  year's  rent  or  the  rent  of  a  shorter  period  claimed  falls  due  ;  but 
such  lien  shall  not  continue  more  than  six  months  after  the  expiration  of  the 
term. 

The  lien  may  be  effected  by  the  commencement  of  an  action,  within  the 
period  above  prescribed,  for  the  rent  alone ;  and  the  landlord  is  entitled  to  a  writ 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 


289 


of  attachment,  upon  filing  an  affidavit  that  the  action  is  commenced  to  rcover 
rent  accrued  within  one  year  previous  thereto  upon  the  premises  described  in  the 
affidavit. 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

Whenever  any  of  the  following  articles  shall  be  contracted  for,  or  sold  or 
delivered,  and  no  special  contract  or  agreement  shall  be  made  to  the  contrary, 
the  weight  per  bushel  shall  be  as  follows,  to-wit: 


Apples,  Peaches  or  Quinces, 48 

Cherries,  Grapes,  Currants  or  Gooseberries,  40 
Strawberries,  Raspberries  or  Blackberries,  32 

Osage  Orange  Seed 32 

Millet  Seed 45 

Stone  Coal.  80 

Lime 80 

Corn  in  the  ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

Clover  Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled  Corn 56 

Rye 56 

Flax  Seed 56 

Sweet  Potatoes 46 


Sand 130 

Sorghum  Seed 30 

Broom  Corn  Seed 80 

Buckwheat 52 

Salt 50 

Barley 48 

Corn  Meal 48 

Castor  Beans 46 

Timothy  Seed 45 

Hemp  Seed 44 

Dried  Peaches 33 

Oats 33 

Dried  Apples 24 

Bran 20 

Blue  Grass  Seed 14 

Hungarian  Grass  Seed 45 


Penalty  for  giving  less  than  the  above  standard  is  treble  damages  and  costs 
and  five  dollars  addition  thereto  as  a  fine. 


DEFINITION  OF  COMMERCIAL  TERMS. 

$ means  dollars,  being  a  contraction  of  U.  S.,  which  was  formerly  placed 

before  any  denomination  of  money,  and  meant,  as  it  means  now,  United  States 
Currency. 

<£ means  jt>0Mwc?s,  English  money. 

@  stands  for  at  ov  to;  K)  for  pounds,  and  bbl.  for  barrels  ;  '^  for  ijer  or  hy 
the.     Thus,  Butter  sells  at  20(«]30c  f  ft,  and  Flour  at  |8(«i$12  ^  bbl. 

%  for  per  cent.,  and  #  for  number. 

May  1.  Wheat  sells  at  $1.20@|1.25,  "  seller  June."  Seller  June  means 
that  the  person  who  sells  the  wheat  has  the  privilege  of  delivering  it  at  any 
time  during  the  month  of  June. 

Selling  short,  is  contracting  to  deliver  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or  stock, 
at  a  fixed  price,  within  a  certain  length  of  time,  when  the  seller  has  not  the 
stock  on  hand.  It  is  for  the  interest  of  the  person  selling  "short"  to  depress 
the  market  as  much  as  possible,  in  order  that  he  may  buy  and  fill  his  contract 
at  a  profit.      Hence  the  "shorts"  are  termed  "bears." 

Buying  long,  is  to  contract  to  purchase  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or  shares 
of  stock  at  a 'fixed  price,  deliverable  within  a  stipulated  time,  expecting  to  make 
a  profit  by  the  rise  in  prices.  The  "  longs  "  are  termed  "  bulls,"  as  it  is  for 
their  interest  to  "operate"  so  as  to  "toss"  the  prices  upward  as  much  as 
possible. 


290  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

NOTES. 

Form  of  note  is  legal,  worded  in  the  simplest  way,  so  that  the  amount  and 
"fcme  of  payment  are  mentioned  : 

^100.  Chicago,  111.,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Sixty  days  from  date  I  promise  to  pay  to  E.  F.  Brown  or  order,  one  hun- 
dred dollars,  for  value  received.  L-   D-  LoWRY. 

A  note  to  be  payable  in  anything  else  than  money  needs  only  the  facts  sub- 
stituted for  money  in  the  above  form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  should  be  worded  simply,  thus  : 
Mr.  F.  H.  Coats  :  Chicago,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Please  pay  to  H.  Birdsall  twenty-five  dollars,  and  charge  to 

F.    D.    SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 
Receipts  should  always  state  when  received  and  what  for,  thus : 

$100.  Chicago,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Received  of  J.  W.  Davis,  one  hundred  dollars,  for  services 
rendered  in  grading  his  lot  in  Fort  Madison,  on  account. 

Thomas  Brady. 
If  receipt  is  in  full,  it  should  be  so  stated.  "* 

BILLS  OF  PURCHASE. 

W.  N.  Mason,  Salem,  Illinois,  Sept.  18,  1876. 

Bought  of  A.  A.  Graham. 

4  Bushels  of  Seed  Wheat,  at  $1.50 $6  00 

2  Seamless  Sacks  "        30 60 


Received  payment,  $6  60 

A.  A.    Graham. 


CONFESSION  OF  JUDGMENT. 


-,  Iowa, ,  18 — . 


after  date  —  promises  to  pay  to  the  order  of , dollars, 

at ,  for  value  received,  with  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum  after 

until  paid.     Interest  payable ,  and  on  interest  not  paid  when  due, 

interest  at  same  rate  and  conditions. 

A  failure  to  pay  sai<l  interest,  or  any  part  thereof,  within  20  days  after  due,  shall  cause  the 
whole  note  to  become  due  and  collectable  at  once. 

If  this  note  is  sued,  or  judgment  is  confessed  hereon,  § shall  be  allowed  as  attorney  fees. 

No.  — .  P.  0. ,  . 

CONFESSION  OF  JUDGMENT. 
—  vs.  — .     In Court  of County,  Iowa, ,  of 


County,  Iowa,  do  hereby  confess  that justly  indebted  to ,  in  the 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  291 

sura  of dollars,  and  the  further  sum  of  $ as  attorney  fees,  with 

interest  thereon  at  ten  per  cent,  from ,  and  —  hereby  confess  judgment 

against  as  defendant     in  favor  of  said ,  for  said  sum  of  $ , 

and  $ as  attorney  fees,  hereby  authorizing  the  Clerk  of  the Court  of 

said  county   to  enter  up  judgment  for  said  sum  against  with  costs,  and 

interest  at  10  per  cent,  from ,  the  interest  to  be  paid . 

Said  debt  and  judgment  being  for . 

It  is  especially  agreed,  however.  That  if  this  judgment  is  paid  within  twenty 

days  after  due,  no  attorney  fees  need  be  paid.     And  hereby  sell,  convey 

and  release  all  right  of  homestead  we  now  occupy  in  favor  of  said  so 

far  as  this  judgment  is  concerned,  and  agree  that  it  shall  be  liable  on  execution 
for  this  judgment. 

Dated ,  18—.  . 


The  State  of  Iowa,  \ 


County. 

being  duly  sworn  according  to  law,  depose  and  say  that  the  forego- 
ing statement  and  Confession  of  Judgment  was  read  over  to ,  and  that  — 

understood  the  contents  thereof,  and  that  the  statements  contained  therein  are 

true,  and  that  the  sums  therein  mentioned  are  justly  to  become  due  said 

as  aforesaid. 


Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  and  in  my  presence  by  the  said 


this day  of ,  18 — .  ,  Notary  Public. 


ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT. 

An  agreement  is  where  one  party  promises  to  another  to  do  a  certain  thing 
in  a  certain  time  for  a  stipulated  sum.  Good  business  men  always  reduce  an 
agreement  to  writing,  which  nearly  always  saves  misunderstandings  and  trouble. 
No  particular  form  is  necessary,  but  the  facts  must  be  clearly  and  explicitly 
stated,  and  there  must,  to  make  it  valid,  be  a  reasonable  consideration. 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  AGREEMENT. 

This  Agreement,  made  the  Second  day  of  June,  1878,  between  John 
Jones,  of  Keokuk,  County  of  Lee,  State  of  Iowa,  of  the  first  part,  and  Thomas 
Whiteside,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part — 

WITNESSETH,  that  the  said  John  Jones,  in  consideration  of  the  agreement 
of  the  party  of  the  second  part,  hereinafter  contained,  contracts  and  agrees  to 
and  with  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  that  he  will  deliver  in  good  and  market- 
able condition,  at  the  Village  of  Melrose,  Iowa,  during  the  month  of  November, 
of  this  year.  One  Hundred  Tons  of  Prairie  Hay,  in  the  following  lots,  and  at 
the  following  specified  times ;  namely,  twenty-five  tons  by  the  seventh  of  Nov- 
ember, twenty-five  tons  additional  by  the  fourteenth  of  the  month,  twenty-five 
tons  more  by  the  twenty-first,  and  the  entire  one  hundred  tons  to  be  all  delivered 
by  the  thirtieth  of  November. 

And  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  in  consideration  of  the  prompt  fulfillment 
of  this  contract,  on  the  part  of  the  party  of  the  first  ])art,  contracts  to  and  agrees 
with  the  said  John  Jones,  to  pay  for  said  hay  five  dollars  per  ton,  for  each  ton 
as  soon  as  delivered. 


292  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

In  case  of  failure  of  agreement  by  eitlicr  of  the  parties  hereto,  it  is  hereby 
stipulated  and  agreed  that  the  party  so  failing  shall  pay  to  the  other,  One  Hun- 
dred dollars,  as  fixed  and  settled  damages. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands  the  day  and  year  first 
above  written.  John  Jones, 

Thomas  Whiteside. 

agreement  with  clerk  for  services. 

This  Agreemext,  made  the  first  day  of  May,  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  seventy-eight,  between  Reuben  Stone,  of  Dubuque,  County  of  Dubuque, 
State  of  Iowa,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  George  Barclay,  of  McGregor, 
County  of  Clayton,  State  of  Iowa,  party  of  the  second  part — 

WITNESSETH,  that  said  George  Barclay  agrees  faithfully  and  diligently  to 
work  as  clerk  and  salesman  for  the  said  Reuben  Stone,  for  and  during  the  space 
of  one  year  from  the  date  hereof,  should  both  live  such  length  of  time,  without 
absenting  himself  from  his  occupation  ;  during  which  time  he,  the  said  Barclay,  in 
the  store  of  said  Stone,  of  Dubuque,  will  carefully  and  honestly  attend,  doing 
and  performing  all  duties  as  clerk  and  salesman  aforesaid,  in  accordance  and  in 
all  respects  as  directed  and  desired  by  the  paid  Stone. 

In  consideration  of  wdiich  services,  so  to  be  rendered  by  the  said  Barclay,  the 
said  Stone  agrees  to  pay  to  said  Barclay  the  annual  sum  of  one  thousand  dol- 
lars, payable  in  twelve  equal  monthly  payments,  each  upon  the  last  day  of  each 
month  ;  provided  that  all  dues  for  days  of  absence  from  business  by  said  Barclay, 
shall  be  deducted  from  the  sum  otherwise  by  the  agreement  due  and  payable  by 
the  said  Stone  to  the  said  Barclay. 

Witness  our  hands.  Reuben  Stone. 

George  Barclay. 

BILLS  OF  SALE. 

A  bill  of  sale  is  a  Avritten  agreement  to  another  party,  for  a  consideration  to 
convey  his  right  and  interest  in  the  personal  property.  The  purchaser  must 
take-  actual  possession  of  the  property,  or  the  bill  of  sale  must  be  acknowledged 
and  recorded. 

COMMON  FORM  OF  BILL  OF  SALE. 

Know  all  Men  by  this  instrument,  that  I,  Louis  Clay,  of  Burlington, 
Iowa,  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  Five  Hundred  and  Ten 
Dollars,  to  me  paid  by  John  Floyd,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part,  the 
receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  have  sold,  and  by  this  instrument  do 
•convey  unto  the  said  Floyd,  party  of  the  second  part,  his  executors,  administra- 
tors and  assigns,  my  undivided  half  of  ten  acres  of  corn,  now  growing  on  the 
arm  of  Thomas  Tyrell,  in  the  town  above  mentioned  ;  one  pair  of  horses, 
sixteen  sheep,  and  five  cows,  belonging  to  me  and  in  my  possession  at  the  farm 
aforesaid ;  to  have  and  to  hold  the  same  unto  the  party  of  the  second  part,  his 
executors  and  assigns  forever.  And  I  do,  for  myself  and  legal  representatives, 
agree  with  tiie  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives,  to 
■warrant  and  defend  the  sale  of  the  afore-mentioned  property  and  chattels  unto 
the  said  party  of  tlie  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives,  against  all  and 
every  person  whatsoever. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  affixed  my  hand,  this  tenth  day  of 
October,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

Louis  Clay. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  293 

NOTICE  TO  QUIT. 
To  John  Wontpay  : 

You  are  hereby  notified  to  (j[uit  the  possession  of  the  premises  you  now 
occupy  to  wit : 

[^Insert  Description. '\ 

on  or  before  thirty  days  from  the  date  of  this  notice. 

Dated  January  1,  lb78.  Landlord. 

[Reverse  for  Notice  to  Landlord.^ 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  WILL  FOR  REAL  AND  PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I,  Charles  Mansfield,  of  the  Town  of  Bellevue,  County  of  Jackson,  State 
of  Iowa,  being  aware  of  the  uncertainty  of  life,  and  in  failing  health,  but  of 
sound  mind  and  memory,  do  make  and  declare  this  to  be  my  last  will  and  tes- 
tament, in  manner  following,  to-wit : 

First.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  unto  my  eldest  son,  Sidney  H.  Mans- 
field, the  sum  of  Two  Thousand  Dollars,  of  bank  stock,  now  in  the  Third 
National  Bank,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  the  farm  owned  by  myself,  in  the 
Township  of  Iowa,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  with  all  the 
houses,  tenements  and  improvements  thereunto  belonging ;  to  have  and  to  hold 
unto  my  said  son,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  forever. 

Second.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  each  of  my  two  daughters,  Anna 
Louise  Mansfield  and  Ida  Clara  Mansfield,  each  Two  Thousand  Dollars  in  bank 
stock  in  the  Third  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  also,  each  one 
quarter  section  of  land,  owned  by  myself,  situated  in  theTownship  of  Fairfield, 
and  recorded  in  my  name  in  the  Recorder's  office,  in  the  county  where  such  land 
is  located.  The  north  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  said  half  section  is- 
devised  to  my  eldest  daughter,  Anna  Louise. 

Third.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  my  son,  Frank  Alfred  Mansfield,  five' 
shares  of  railroad  stock  in  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  my  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land,  and  saw-mill  thereon,  situated  in  Manistee,  Michigan, 
with  all  the  improvements  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging,  which  said 
real  estate  is  recorded  in  my  name,  in  the  county  where  situated. 

Fourth.  I  give  to  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  all  my  household 
furniture,  goods,  chattels  and  personal  property,  about  my  home,  not  hitherto 
disposed  of,  including  Eight  Thousand  Dollars  of  bank  stock  in  the  Third 
National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  fifteen  shares  in  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  the  free  and  unrestricted  use,  possession  and  benefit  of  the  home 
farm  so  long  as  she  may  live,  in  lieu  of  dower,  to  which  she  is  entitled  by  law 
— said  farm  being  my  present  place  of  residence. 

Fifth.  I  bequeath  to  my  invalid  father,  Elijah  H.  Mansfield,  the  income 
from  rents  of  my  store  building  at  145  Jackson  street,  Chicago,  Illinois,  during 
the  term  of  his  natural  life.  Said  building  and  land  therewith  to  revert^  to 
my  said  sons  and  daughters  in  equal  proportion,  upon  the  demise  of  my  said 
father. 

Sixth.  It  is  also  my  will  and  desire  that,  at  the  death  of  my  Avife,  Victoria 
Elizabeth  Mansfield,  or  at  any  time  when  she  may  arrange  to  relinquish  her 


•294  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

life  interest  in  tlic  above  mentioned  homestead,  the  same  may  revert  to  my 
above  named  children,  or  to  the  lawful  heirs  of  each. 

And  lastly.  I  nominate  and  appoint  as  the  executors  of  this,  my  last  will 
and  testament,  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  and  my  eldest  son,  Sidney 
H.  Mansfield. 

I  further  direct  that  my  debts  and  necessary  funeral  expenses  shall  be  paid 
from  moneys  now  on  deposit  in  the  Savings  Bank  of  Bellevue,  the  residue  of 
such  moneys  to  revert  to  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  for  her  use  for- 
ever. 

In  witness  whereof,  I,  Charles  Mansfield,  to  this  my  last  will  and  testament, 
have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal,  this  fourth  day  of  April,  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy-two. 

Charles  Mansfield. 

Signed,  and  declared  by  Charles  Mansfield,  as  and  for  his  last  will  and  tes- 
ment,  in  the  presence  of  us,  who,  at  his  request,  and  in  his  presence,  and  in 
the  presence  of  each  other,  have  subscribed  our  names  hereunto  as  witnesses 
thereof.  Peter  A.  Schenck,  Dubuque,  Iowa, 

Frank  E.  Dent,  Bellevue,  Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas  I,  Charles  Mansfield,  did,  on  the  fourth  day  of  April,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-two,  make  my  last  will  and  testament,  I  do  now,  by 
this  writing,  add  this  codicil  to  my  said  will,  to  be  taken  as  a  part  thereof. 

Whereas,  by  the  dispensation  of  Providence,  my  daughter,  Anna  Louise, 
has  deceased,  November  fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three  ;  and  whereas, 
a  son  has  been  born  to  me,  whicli  son  is  noAv  christened  Richard  Albert  Mans- 
field, I  give  and  bequeath  unto  him  my  gold  watch,  and  all  right,  interest  and 
title  in  lands  and  bank  stock  and  chattels  bequeathed  to  my  deceased  daughter, 
Anna  Louise,  in  the  body  of  this  will. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  hereunto  place  my  hand  and  seal,  this  tenth  day  of 
March,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five.  Charles  Mansfield. 

Signed,  sealed,  published  and  declared  to  us  by  the  testator,  Charles  Mans- 
field, as  and  for  a  codicil  to  be  annexed  to  his  last  will  and  testament.  And 
we,  at  his  re([uest,  and  in  his  presence,  and  in  the  presence  of  each  other,  have 
subscribed  our  names  as  witnesses  thereto,  at  the  date  hereof. 

Frank  E.  Dent,  Bellevue,  Iowa, 
John  C.  Shay,  Bellevue,  Iowa. 


{Form  No.  1.) 

SATISFACTION  OF  MORTGAGE. 
State  of  Iowa, 


County,     '' 


I, ,  of  the  County  of ,  State  of  Iowa,  do  hereby  acknowledge 

that  a  certain  Indenture  of  ,  bearing  date  the day  of ,  A.  D. 

18 — ,  made  and  executed  by and ,  his  wife,  to  said on 

the  following  described   Real    Estate,   in    tlic  County   of  ,   and    State  of 

Iowa,  to-wit :   (here  insert  description)  and  filed  for  record  in  the   office  of  the 
Recorder  of  the  County  of ,  and  State  of  Iowa,  on  the day  of , 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  295 

A.  D.  18 — ,  at o'clock       .  M. ;  and  recorded  in  Book of  Mortgage 

Records,  on  page ,  is  redeemed,  paid  off,  satisfied  and  discharged  in  full. 

.     [seal.] 

State  of  Iowa,  1 

County,    j  '  ■ 

Be  it  Remembered,  That  on  this day  of  ,  A.  D.  18 — ,  before 

me  the  undersigned,  a in  and  for  said  county,  personally  appeared , 

to  me  personally  known  to  be  the  identical  person     who  executed  the  above 

(satisfaction  of  mortgage)  as  grantor,  and  acknowledged signature 

thereto  to  be voluntary  act  and  deed. 

Witness  my  hand  and seal,  the  day  and  year  last  above 

written.  . 


ONE  FORM  OF  REAL  ESTATE  MORTGAGE. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents  :   That ,  of  County,  and 

State  of  ,  in  consideration  of dollars,  in  hand  paid  by of 

County,  and  State  of ,  do  hereby  sell  and  convey  unto  the  said 

the  following  described  premises,  situated  in  the  County ,  and  State  of 

,  to  wit :  (here  insert  description,)  and do  hereby  covenant  with  the 

said that lawfully  seized  of  said  premises,  that  they  are  free  from 

incumbrance,  that have  good  right  and  lawful  authority  to  sell  and  convey 

the  same ;  and do  hereby  covenant  to  warrant  and  defend  the  same  against 

the  lawful  claims  of  all  persons  whomsoever.     To  be  void  upon  condition  that 

the  said shall  pay  the  full  amount  of  principal  and  interest  at  the  time 

therein  specified,  of certain  promissory  note    for  the  sum  of dollars. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  Avitli  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

And  the  said  Mortgagor  agrees  to  pay  all  taxes  that  may  be  levied  upon  the 
above  described  premises.  It  is  also  agreed  by  the  Mortgagor  that  if  it  becomes 
necessary  to  foreclose  this  mortgage,  a  reasonable  amount  shall  be  allowed  as  an 

attorney's  fee  for  foreclosing.     And  the  said hereby  relinquishes  all  her 

right  of  dower  and  homestead  in  and  to  the  above  described  premises. 
Signed  to day  of ,  A.  D.  18 — . 


[Acknowledge  as  in  Form  No.  1.] 


SECOND  FORM  OF  REAL  ESTATE  MORTGAGE. 

Thls  Indenture,  made  and  executed by  and  between of  the 

county  of and  State  of ,  part     of  the  first  part,  and of  the 

county  of and  State  of party  of  the  second  part,  Witnesseth,  that  the 

said  part     of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars, 

paid  by  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby 
acknowledged,  have  granted  and  sold,  and  do  by  these  presents,  grant,  bargain, 
sell,  convey  and  confirm,  unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part, heirs  and 


296  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAAVS. 

assio-ns  forever,  the  certain  tract  or  parcel  of  real  estate  situated  in  the  county 
of and  State  of ,  described  as  follows,  to-wit: 

[Here  insert  description.) 

The  said  part  of  the  first  part  represent  to  and  covenant  with  the  part  of 
the  second  part,  that  ho  have  good  right  to  sell  and  convey  said  premises, 
that  they  are  free  from  encumbrance  and  that  he  will  warrant  and  defend 
tiiera  against  the  lawful  claims  of  all  persons  wliomsoever,  and  do  expressly 
hereby  release  all  rights  of  dower  in  and  to  said  premises,  and  relinquish  and 
convey  all  riglits  of  homestead  therein. 

This  Instrument  is  made,  executed  and  delivered  upon  the  following  con- 
ditions, to-"wit : 

First.     Said  first  part     agree  to  pay  said or  order 

Second.  Said  first  part  further  agree  as  is  stipulated  in  said  note,  that  if 
he  shall  fail  to  pay  any  of  said  interest  when  due,  it  shall  bear  interest  at  the 
rate  often  per  cent,  per  annum,  from  the  time  the  same  becomes  due,  and  this 
mortgage  shall  stand  as  security  for  the  same. 

Third.  Said  first  part  further  agree  that  he  will  pay  all  taxes  and 
assessments  levied  upon  said  real  estate  before  the  same  become  delinquent,  and 
if  not  paid  the  holder  of  this  mortgage  may  declare  the  whole  sum  of  money 
herein  secured  due  and  collectable  at  once,  or  he  may  elect  to  pay  such  taxes  or 
assessments,  and  be  entitled  to  interest  on  the  same  at  the  rate  of  ten  per  cent. 
per  annum,  and  this  mortgage  shall  stand  as  security  for  the  amount  so  paid. 
Fourth.     Said  first  part     further  agree    that  if    he    fail  to  pay  any  of  said 

money,  either  princijjal  or  interest,  within days  after  the  same  becomes 

due ;  or  fail  to  conform  or  comply  with  any  of  the  foregoing  conditions  or  agree- 
ments, the  whole  sum  herein  secured  shall  become  due  and  payable  at  once,  and 
this  mortgage  may  thereupon  be  foreclosed  immediately  for  the  whole  of  said 
money,  interest  and  costs. 

Fifth.  Said  part  further  agree  thatintheeventof  the  non-payment  of  either 
principal,  interest  or  taxes  Avhen  due,  and  upon  the  filing  of  a  bill  of  foreclosure 
of  this  mortgage,  an  attorney's  fee  of dollars  shall  become  due  and  pay- 
able, and  shall  be  l)y  the  court  taxed,  and  this  mortgage  shall  stand  as  security 
therefor,  and  the  same  shall  be  included  in  the  decree  of  foreclosure  and  shall 
be  made  by  the  Sheriff  on  general  or  special  execution  with  the  other  money, 
interest  and  costs,  and  the  contract  embodied  in  this  mortgage  and  the  note 
described  herein,  shall  in  all  respects  be  governed,  constructed  and  adjudged 

by  the  laws  of ,  where  the  same  is  made.     The   foregoing  conditions 

being  performed,  this  conveyance  to  bo  void,  otherwise  of  full  force  and  virtue. 


[Acknowledge  as  in  form  No.  1.] 


FORM  OF  LEASE. 


This  Article  of  Agreement,  Made  and  entered  into  on  this day  of 

-,  A.  D.  187-,  by  and  between ,  of  the  county  of ,  and 


State  of  Iowa,  of  the  first  part,  and ,  of  the  county  of 

and  State  of  Iowa,  of  the  second  part,  witnesseth  that  the  said  party  of  the  first 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  297 

part  has  this  day  leased  unto  the  party  of  the  second  part  the  following  described 

premises,  to  wit : 

\^Here  insert  description.'] 

for  the  term  of from  and  after  the  —  day  of ,  A.  D.  187-,  a:j 

the rent  of dollars,  to  be  paid  as  follows,  to  wit : 

\_Here  insert  Terms.] 

And  it  is  further  agreed  that  if  any  rent  shall  be  due  and  unpaid,  or  if 
default  be  made  in  any  of  the  covenants  herein  contained,  it  shall  then  be  law- 
ful for  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  to  re-enter  the  said  premises,  or  to  destrain 
for  such  rent;  or  he  may  recover  possession  thereof,  by  action  of  forcible  entry 
and  detainer,  notwithstanding  the  provision  of  Section  3,612  of  the  Code  of 
1873 ;  or  he  may  use  any  or  all  of  said  remedies. 

And  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  agrees  to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  first 
part  the  rent  as  above  stated,  except  when  said  premises  are  untenantable  by 
reason  of  fire,  or  from  any  other  cause  than  the  carelessness  of  the  party  of  the 

second  part,  or  persons family,  or  in employ,  or  by  superior  force 

and  inevitable  necessity.     And  the  said  party  of  the  second  part  covenants 

that will  use  the  said  premises  as  a ,  and  for  no  other  purposes 

whatever ;  and  that especially  will  not  use  said  premises,  or  permit  the 

same  to  be  used,  for  any  unlawful  business  or  purpose  whatever ;  that will 

not  sell,  assign,  underlet  or  relinquish  said  premises  without  the  written  consent 

of  the  lessor,  under  penalty  of  a  forfeiture  of  all rights  under  this  lease,  at 

the  election  of  the  party  of  the  first  part ;  and  that  — ' will  use  all  due  care 

and  diligence  in  guarding  said  property,  with  the  buildings,  gates,  fences,  trees, 
vines,  shrubbery,  etc.,  from  damage  by  fire,  and  the  depredations  of  animals ; 

that will  keep  buildings,  gates,  fences,  etc.,  in  as  good  repair  as  they  now 

are,  or  may  at*  any  time  be  placed  by  the  lessor,  damages  by  superior  force, 
inevitable  necessity,  or  fire  from  any  other  cause  than  from  the  carelessness  of 

the  lessee,  or  persons  of family,  or  in employ,  excepted  ;  and  that 

at  the  expiration  of  this  lease,  or  upon  a  breach  by  said  lessee  of  any  of  the  said 

covenants  herein  contained, will,  without  further  notice  of  any  kind,  quit 

and  surrender  the  possession  and  occupancy  of  said  premises  in  as  good  condi- 
tion as  reasonable  use,  natural  wear  and  decay  thereof  will  permit,  damages  by 
fire  as  aforesaid,  superior  force,  or  inevitable  necessity,  only  excepted. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  parties  have  subscribed  their  names  on  the  date 
first  above  written. 

In  presence  of 


FORM  OF  NOTE. 


18—. 


On  or  before  the  —  day  of ,  18 — ,  for  value  received,  I  promise  to 

pay or  order, dollars,  with  interest  from  date  until  paid, 

at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  annually,  at .     Unpaid  interest 

shall  bear  interest  at  ten  per  cent,  per  annum.     On  failure  to  pay  interest 

within days  after  due,  the  whole  sum,  principal  and  interest,  shall  become 

due  at  once. 


298  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

CHATTEL  MORTGAGE. 

Know  all  Men  by  the>e  Presents  :     Tliat of County,  and 

State  of in  consideration  of dollars,  in  hand  paid  by  — ^ ,  of 

County  and  State  of do  hereby  sell  and  convey  unto  the  said the 

following  described  personal  property,  now  in   the  possession  of in  the 

county and  State  of ,  to  wit : 

\_IIere  insert  Description .'[ 

And do  hereby  warrant  the  title  of  said  property,  and  that  it  is  free  from 

any  incumbrance  or  lien.  The  only  right  or  interest  retained  by  grantor  in 
and  to  said  property  being  the  right  of  redemption  as  herein  provided.  This 
convevance  to  be  void  upon  condition  that  the  said  grantor  shall  pay  to  said 
grantee,  or  his  assigns,  the  full  amount  of  principal   and  interest  at  the   time 

therein  specified,  of certain  promissory  notes  of  even  date  herewith,  for 

the  sum  of dollars, 

One  note  for  8 <luc ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  ^ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  ^ ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

One  note  for  § ,  due ,  18 — ,  with  interest  annually  at per  cent. 

The  grantor  to  pay  all  taxes  on  said  property,  and  if  at  any  time  any  part 
or  portion  of  said  notes  should  be  due  and  unpaid,  said  grantee  may  proceed  by 
sale  or  foreclosure  to  collect  and  pay  himself  the  unpaid  balance  of  said  notes, 
whether  due  or  not,  the  grantor  to  pay  all  necessary  expense  of  such  foreclosure, 

including  § Attorney's  fees,  and  whatever  remains  after  paying  oflf  said 

notes  and  expenses,  to  be  paid  over  to  said  grantor. 

Signed  the day  of ,  18 — .  . 

[Acknowledged  as  in  form  No.  1.]    ^     . 


WARRANTY  DEED. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  Presents  :  That of County  and 

State  of .  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of Dollars,  in  hand  paid  by 

of ,  County  and  State  of  ,  do  hereby  sell  and  convey  unto 

the  said and  to heirs  and  assigns,  the  following  described  premises, 

situated  in  the  County  of ,  State  of  Iowa,  to-wit : 

\^Here  insert  description.'] 

And  I  do  hereby  covenant  with  the  said that  —  lawfully  seized  in  fee 

simple,  of  said  jiromises,  that  they  are  free  from  incumbrance  ;  that  —  ha  good 
right  and  lawfid  authority  to  sell  the  same,  and  —  do  hereby  covenant  to  war- 
rant and  (U'fend  llic  said  premises  and  appurtenances  thereto  belonging,  against 

the  lawful  claims  of  all  persons  whomsoever;  and  the  said hereby  re- 

linquislies  all  ber  right  of  dower  and  of  homestead  in  and  to  the  above  described 
premises. 

Signed  the day  of  ,  A.  D.  18 — . 

IN  presence  of 


[Acknowledged  as  in  Form  No.  1.] 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  299 


QUIT-CLAIM  DEED. 

Knov/  all  Men   by  these  Presents  :     That ,  of County, 

State  of  ,   in  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars,  to  —  in  hand 

paid  by ,  of  County,   State  of ,  the  receipt  whereof  —  do 

hereby  acknowledge,have  bargained,  sold  and  quit-claimed,  and  by  these  presents 

do  bargain,  sell  and  quit-claim  unto  the  said and  to  —  heirs  and  assigns 

forever,  all  —  right,  title,  interest,  estate,  claim  and  demand,  both  at  law  and 
in  equity,  and  as  well  in  possession  as  in  expectancy,  of,  in  and  to  the  following 
described  premises,  to  wit :  [here  insert  description]  Avith  all  and  singular  the 
hereditaments  and  appurtenances  thereto  belonging. 

Signed  this  — —  day  of ,  A.  D.  18—. 

Signed  in  Presence  of  


[Acknowledged  as  in  form  No.  1.] 


BOND  FOR  DEED. 

^Know  ALL  Men  by  these  Present's:     That  of  County, 

and  State  of am  held  and  firmly  bound  unto of County,  and 

State  of ,  in  the  sum  of ■ —  Dollars,  to  be  paid  to  the  said ,  his 

executors  or  assigns,  for  which  payment  well  and  truly  to  be  made,  I  bind  myself 

firmly  by  these  presents.     Signed  the day  of A.  D.  18  — . 

The  condition  of  this  obligation  is  such,  that  if  the  said  obligee  shall  pay  to 
said  obligor,  or  his  assigns,  the  full  amount  of  principal  and  interest  at  the  time 
therein  specified,  of  —  certain  promissory  note  of  even  date  herewith,  for  the 
sum  of Dollars, 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18  — ,  with  interest  annually  at  —  per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18  — ,  with  interest  annually  at  —  per  cent. 

One  note  for  $ ,  due ,  18  — ,  with  interest  annually  at  —  per  cent. 

and  pay  all  taxes  accruing  upon  the  lands  herein  described,  then  said  obligor 
shall  convey  to  the  said  obligee,  or  his  assigns,  that  certain  tract  or  parcel  of 
real  estate,  situated  in  the  County  of and  State  of  Iowa,  described  as  fol- 
lows, to  wit:  [here  insert  description,]  by  a  Warranty  Deed,  with  the  usual 
covenants,  duly  executed  and  acknowledged. 

If  said  obligee  should  fail  to  make  the  payments  as  above  stipulated,  or  any 
part  thereof,  as  the  same  becomes  due,  said  obligor  may  at  his  option,  by  notice 
to  the  obligee  terminate  his  liability  under  the  bond  and  resume  the  posses- 
sion and  abscliito  control  of  said  premises,  time  being  the  essence  of  this 
agreement. 

On  the  fulfillment  of  the  above  conditions  this  obligation  to  become  void, 
otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force  and  virtue ;  unless  terminated  by  the  obligor 
as  above  stipulated. 


[Acknowledge  as  in  form  No.  1.] 


300  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 


CHARITABLE,  SCIENTIFIC  AND  RELIGIOUS  ASSOCIATIONS. 

Any  three  or  more  persons  of  full  age,  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
a  majority  of  whom  shall  be  citizens  of  this  State,  who  desire  to  associate 
themselves  for  benevolent,  charitable,  scientific,  religious  or  missionary  pur- 
poses, may  make,  sign  and  acknowledge,  before  any  officer  authorized  to  take 
the  acknowledgments  of  deeds  in  this  State,  and  have  recorded  in  the  office  of 
the  Recorder  of  the  county  in  which  the  business  of  such  society  is  to  be  con- 
ducted, a  certificate  in  writing,  in  wliich  shall  be  stated  the  name  or  title  by 
which  such  society  shall  be  known,  the  particular  business  and  objects  of  such 
society,  the  number  of  Trustees.  Directors  or  Managers  to  conduct  the  same,  and 
the  names  of  the  Trustees,  Directors  or  Managers  of  such  society  for  the  first 
year  of  its  existence. 

Upon  filing  for  record  the  certificate,  as  aforesaid,  the  persons  who  shall 
have  signed  and  acknowledged  such  certificate,  and  their  associates  and  success- 
ors, shall,  by  virtue  hereof,  be  a  body  politic  and  corporate  by  the  name 
stated  in  such  certificate,  and  by  that  they  and  their  successors  shall  and  may 
have  succession,  and  shall  be  persons  capable  of  suing  and  being  sued,  and  may 
have  and  use  a  common  seal,  which  they  may  alter  or  change  at  pleasure ;  and 
they  and  their  successors,  by  their  corporate  name,  shall  be  capable  of  taking, 
receiving,  purchasing  and  holding  real  and  personal  estate,  and  of  making  by- 
laws for  the  management  of  its  affiiirs,  not  inconsistent  with  law. 

The  society  so  incorporated  may,  annually  or  oftener,  elect  from  its  members 
its  Trustees,  Directors  or  Managers  at  such  time  and  place,  and  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  specified  in  its  by-laws,  who  shall  have  the  control  and  management 
of  the  affairs  and  funds  of  the  society,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  be  a  quorum 
for  the  transaction  of  business,  and  whenever  any  vacancy  shall  happen  among 
such  Trustees,  Directors  or  ]\Ianagers,  by  death,  resignation  or  neglect  to  serve, 
such  vacancy  shall  be  filled  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  provided  by  the  by-laws 
of  such  society.  When  the  body  corporate  consists  of  the  Trustees,  Directors  or 
Managers  of  any  benevolent,  charitable,  literary,  scientific,  religious  or  mis- 
sionary institution,  which  is  or  may  be  established  in  the  State,  and  which  is  or 
may  be  under  the  patronage,  control,  direction  or  supervision  of  any  synod,  con- 
ference, association  or  other  ecclesiastical  body  in  such  State,  established 
agreeably  to  the  laws  thereof,  such  ecclesiastical  body  may  nominate  and 
appoint  such  Trustees,  Directors  or  Managers,  according  to  usages  of  the  appoint- 
ing body,  and  may  fill  any  vacancy  which  may  occur  among  such  Trustees, 
Directors  or  Managers ;  and  when  any  such  institution  may  be  under  the 
patronage,  control,  direction  or  supervision  of  two  or  more  of  such  synods,  con- 
ferences, associations  or  other  ecclesiastical  bodies,  such  bodies  may  severally 
nominate  and  appoint  such  proportion  of  such  Trustees,  Directors  or  Managers 
as  shall  be  agreed  upon  by  those  bodies  immediately  concerned.  And  any 
vacancy  occurring  among  such  appointees  last  named,  shall  be  filled  by  the 
synod,  conference,  association  or  body  having  appointed  the  last  incumbent. 

In  case  any  election  of  Trustees,  Directors  or  Managers  shall  not  be  made 
on  the  day  designated  by  the  by-laws,  said  society  for  that  cause  shall  not  be 
dissolved,  but  such  election  may  take  place  on  any  other  day  directed  by  such 
by-laws. 

Any  corporation  formed  under  this  cha))ter  shall  be  capable  of  taking,  hold- 
ing or  receiving  property  Ity  virtue  of  any  devise  or  betpiest  contained  in  any 
last  will  or  testament  of  any  person  whatsoever ;  but  no  person  leaving  a  wife, 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  301 

child  or  parent,  shall  devise  or  bequeath  to  such  institution  or  corporation  more 
than  one-fourth  of  his  estate  after  the  payment  of  his  debts,  ami  such  device  or 
be*|uest  shall  be  valid  only  to  the  extent  of  such  one-fourth. 

Any  corporation  in  this  State  of  an  academical  character,  the  memberships 
of  "which  shall  consist  of  lay  members  and  pastors  of  churches,  delegates  to  any 
synod,  conference  or  council  holding  its  annual  meetings  alternately  in  this  and 
one  or  more  adjoining  States,  may  hold  its  annual  meetings  for  the  election  of 
officers  and  the  transaction  of  business  in  any  adjoining  State  to  this,  at  such 
place  therein  as  the  said  synod,  conference  or  council  shall  hold  its  annual  meet- 
ings; and  the  elections  so  held  and  business  so  transacted  shall  be  as  legal  and 
binding  as  if  held  and  transacted  at  the  place  of  business  of  the  corporation  in 
this  State. 

The  provisions  of  this  chapter  shall  not  extend  or  apply  to  any  association 
or  individual  who  sluxll,  in  the  certificate  filed  with  the  Recorder,  use  or  specify 
a  name  or  style  the  same  as  that  of  any  previously  existing  incorporated  society 
in  the  county. 

The  Trustees,  Directors  or  stockholders  of  any  existing  benevolent,  char- 
itable, scientific,  missionary  or  religious  corporation,  may,  by  conforming  to  the 
requirements  of  Section  1095  of  this  chapter,  re-incorporate  themselves  or  con- 
tinue their  existing  corporate  powers,  and  all  the  property  and  effects  of  such 
existing  corporation  shall  vest  in  and  belong  to  the  corporation  so  re-incorporated 
or  continued. 


INTOXICATING  LIQUORS. 

No  intoxicating  liquors  (alcohol,  spirituous  and  vinous  liquors),  except  wine 
manufactured  from  grapes,  currants  or  other  fruit  grown  in  the  State,  shall  be 
manufactured  or  sold,  except  for  mechanical,  medicinal,  culinary  or  sacramental 
purposes  ;  and  even  such  sale  is  limited  as  follows  : 

.  Any  citizen  of  the  State,  except  hotel  keepers,  keepers  of  saloons,  eating 
houses,  grocery  keepers  and  confectioners,  is  permitted  to  buy  and  sell,  within 
the  county  of  his  residence,  such  liquors  for  such  mechanical,  etc.,  purposes 
only,  provided  he  shall  obtain  the  consent  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors.  In 
order  to  get  that  consent,  he  must  get  a  certificate  from  a  majority  of  the  elec- 
tors of  the  town  or  township  or  ward  in  which  he  desires  to  sell,  that  he  is  of 
good  moral  character,  and  a  proper  person  to  sell  such  liquors. 

If  the  Board  of  Supervisors  grant  him  permission  to  sell  such  liquors,  he 
must  give  bonds,  and  shall  not  sell  such  liquors  at  a  greater  profit  than  thirty- 
three  per  cent,  on  the  cost  of  the  same.  Any  person  having  a  permit  to  sell> 
shall  make,  on  the  last  Saturday  of  every  month,  a  return  in  writing  to  the 
Auditor  of  the  county,  showing  the  kind  and  quantity  of  the  liquors  purchased 
by  him  since  the  date  of  his  last  rep<»rt,  the  price  paid,  and  the  amount  of 
freights  paid  on  the  same  ;  also  the  kind  and  quantity  of  liquors  sold  by  him 
since  the  date  of  his  last  report;  to  whom  sold  ;  for  what  purpose  and  at  what 
price ;  also  the  kind  and  quantity  of  liquors  on  hand ;  which  report  shall  be 
sworn  to  by  the  person  having  the  permit,  and  shall  be  kept  by  the  Auditor, 
subject  at  all  times  to  the  inspection  of  the  public. 

No  person  shall  sell  or  give  away  any  intoxicating  liquors,  including  wine  or 
beer,  to  any  minor,  for  any  purpose  whatever,  except  upon  written  order  of 
parent,  guardian  or  family  physician  ;  or  sell  the  same  to  an  intoxicated  person 
or  a  person  in  the  habit  of  becoming  intoxicated. 


302  ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS. 

Any  person  who  shall  mix  any  intoxicating  liiiuor  with  any  beer,  wine  or 
cider,  by  him  sold,  and  shall  sell  or  keep  for  sale,  as  a  beverage,  such  mixture, 
shall  be  punishetl  as  fur  sale  of  intoxicating  litjuor. 

]Jiit  nt)tlung  in  the  chapter  containing  the  laws  governing  the  sale  or  pro- 
hibiting the  sale  of  intoxicating  liipiors,  shall  be  construed  to  forbid  the  sale  by 
the  importer  thereof  of  foreign  intoxicating  li(pior,  imported  under  the  author- 
ity of  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  regarding  the  importation  of  such  li(iuors, 
and  in  accordance  with  such  laws  ;  provided  that  such  liquor,  at  the  time  of  the 
sale  by  the  importer,  renuiins  in  the  original  casks  or  packages  in  which  it  was 
by  him  imported,  and  in  quantities  not  less  than  the  quantities  in  which  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  recjuire  such  liquors  to  be  imported,  and  is  sold  by 
him  in  such  original  casks  or  packages,  and  in  said  quantities  only. 

All  payment  or  compensation  for  intoxicating  licjuor  sold  in  violation  of  the 
laws  of  this  State,  whether  such  payments  or  compensation  be  in  money,  goods, 
lands,  labor,  or  anything  else  whatsoever,  shall  be  held  to  have  been  received  in  viola- 
tion of  law  and  equity  and  good  conscience,  and  to  have  been  received  upon  a 
valid  promise  and  agreement  of  the  receiver,  in  consideration  of  the  receipt 
thereof,  to  pay  on  demand,  to  the  person  furnishing  such  consideration,  the 
amount  of  the  money  on  the  just  value  of  the  goods  or  other  things. 

All  sales,  transfers,  conveyances,  mortgages,  liens,  attachments,  pledges  and 
securities  of  every  kind,  which,  either  in  whole  or  in  part,  shall  have  been  made 
on  account  of  intoxicating  lii^uors  sold  contrary  to  law,  shall  be  utterly  null  and 
Void. 

Negotiable  paper  in  the  hands  of  lioldcrs  thereof,  in  good  faith,  for  valuable 
considei-ation,  without  notice  of  any  illegality  in  its  inception  or  transfer,  how- 
ever, shall  not  be  affected  by  the  above  provisions.  Neither  shall  the  holder  of 
land  or  other  property  who  may  have  taken  the  same  in  good  faith,  without 
notice  of  any  defect  in  the.  title  of  the  person  from  whom  the  same  was 
taken,  growing  out  of  a  violation  of  the  liquor  law,  be  affected  by  the  above 
provision. 

Every  wife,  child,  parent,  guardian,  employer,  or  other  person,  wdio  shall  be 
injured  in  ])erson  or  property  or  means  of  support,  by  an  intoxicated  person,  or 
in  consecjueuce  of  the  intoxication,  has  a  right  of  action  against  any  person  who 
shall,  by  selling  intoxicating  li(|Uors,  cause  the  intoxication  of  such  person,  for 
all  damages  actually  sustained  as  well  as  exemplary  damages. 

For  any  damages  recovered,  the  personal  and  real  property  (except  home- 
stead, as  now  provided)  of  the  person  against  whom  the  damages  are  recovered, 
as  well  as  the  premises  or  property,  personal  or  real,  occupied  and  used  by  him, 
with  Consent  and  kiinwledge  of  owner,  either  for  manufacturing  or  selling  intox- 
icating liquors  Contrary  to  law,  shall  be  liable. 

The  only  (»ther  exemption,  besides  the  homestead,  from  this  sweeping  liability, 
is  that  the  defendant  may  have  enough  for  the  support  of  his  family  for  six 
months,  to  be  determined  by  the  Township  Trustee. 

No  ale,  wine,  beer  (tr  other  malt  or  vinous  li<[uors  shall  be  sold  within  two 
miles  of  the  corporate  limits  of  any  municipal  corporation,  except  at  wholesale, 
for  the  purpose  of  shipment  to  places  outside  of  such  corporation  and  such  two- 
mile  limits.  The  power  of  the  corporation  to  prohil)it  or  license  sale  of  liqu<irs 
nut  i)rohibited  by  law  is  extended  over  the  two  miles. 

No  ale,  wine,  beer  or  other  malt  or  vinous  licpiors  shall  be  sold  on  the  day 
on  which  any  election  is  held  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  within  two  miles  of 
the  place  where  said  election  is  held;  except  only  that  any  person  holding  a 
j»ermit  may  sell  upon  the  prescription  of  a  practicing  physician. 


ABSTRACT  OF  IOWA  STATE  LAWS.  303 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THOSE  PURCHASING  BOOKS  BY  SUBSCRIP- 
TION. 

The  business  of  publishing  hooks  by  subscription,  having  so  often  been 
brought  into  disrepute  by  agents  making  representations  and  declarations  not 
authorized  by  the  publisher,  in  order  to  prevent  that  as  much  as  possible,  and 
that  there  may  be  more  general  knowledge  of  the  relation  such  agents  bear  to 
their  principal,  and  the  law  governing  such  cases,  the  following  statement  is 
made : 

A  subscription  is  in  the  nature  of  a  contract  of  mutual  promises,  by  which 
the  subscriber  agrees  to  pay  a  certain  sum  for  the  work  described ;  the  consid- 
eration is  concurrent  that  the  publisher  shall  publish  the  book  named,  and 
deliver  the  same,  for  which  the  subscriber  is  to  pay  the  price  named.  The 
nature  and  character  of  the  work  is  described  by  the  prospectus  and  sample 
shoivn.  These  should  be  carefully  examined  before  subscribing,  as  they  are 
the  basis  and  consideration  of  the  promise  to  pay,  and  not  the  too  often  exag- 
gerated statements  of  the  agent,  who  is  merely  employed  to  solicit  subscriptions, 
for  Avhich  he  is  usually  paid  a  co7nmission  for  each  subscriber,  and  has  no 
authority  to  change  or  alter  the  conditions  upon  which  the  subscriptions  are 
authorized  to  be  made  by  the  publisher.  Should  the  agent  assume  to  agree  to 
make  the  subscription  conditional  or  modify  or  change  the  agreement  of  the 
publisher,  as  set  out  by  the  prospectus  and  sample,  in  order  to  bind  the  princi- 
pal, the  subscriber  should  see  that  such  condition  or  changes  are  stated  over  or 
in  connection  with  his  signature,  so  that  the  publisher  may  have  notice  of  the 
same. 

All  persons  making  contracts  in  reference  to  matters  of  this  kind,  or  any 
other  business,  should  remember  that  the  law  as  writte?i  is,  that  they  can  7iot  be 
altered,  varied  or  rescinded  verbally,  but  if  done  at  all,  must  be  done  in  writing. 
It  is  therefore  important  that  all  persons  contemplating  subscribing  should 
distinctly  understand  that  all  talk  before  or  after  the  suhscrijJtion  is  made,  is  not 
admissible  as  evidence,  and  is  no  part  of  the  contract. 

Persons  employed  to  solicit  subscriptions  are  known  to  the  trade  as  can- 
vassers. They  are  agents  appointed  to  do  a  particular  business  in  a  prescribed 
mode,  and  liave  no  authority  to  do  it  any  other  way  to  the  prejudice  of  their 
principal,  nor  can  they  bind  their  principal  in  any  other  matter.  They  can  not 
collect  money,  or  agree  that  payment  may  be  made  in  anything  else  but  money. 
They  can  not  extend  the  time  of  payment  beyond  the  time  of  delivery,  nor  bind 
their  principal  for  the  payment  of  expenses  incurred  in  their  business. 

It  would  save  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  often  serious  loss,  if  persons, 
before  signing  their  names  to  any  subscription  book,  or  any  written  instrument, 
would  examine  cafefully  ivhat  it  is ;  if  they  can  not  read  themselves  call  on 
some  one  disinterested  wdio  can. 


^     ^  fOECE/lSED) 

MAR5HALLT0WN 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY. 

The  history  of  a  county  is  usually  little  more  than  a  compilation  of  imperfect 
records,  partial  traditions  and  vague  legends.  Very  few  of  the  counties  have 
preserved  with  proper  care  the  archives  of  the  earliest  days  of  their  existence. 
Society  was  crude  and  men  were  unsuited  by  experience  to  places  of  official 
responsibility.  No  one  thought  that  the  careless  transcript  of  primary  meetings 
would  one  day  form  the  staple  of  history.  The  duty  of  scribe  was  irksome 
to  the  pioneers,  when  necessity  compelled  some  written  evidence  of  organizing 
transactions ;  and  brief  indeed  were  the  minutes  of  almost  every  public  assembly. 

"  Had  we  supposed  we  were  living  history,"  remarked  a  pioneer  to  the 
writer,  "  we  should  have  taken  greater  pains  to  recoi'd  the  daily  acts  of  our  simple 
lives.     We  would  do  differently  were  we  to  live  our  lives  over  again." 

History  is  but  a  record  of  the  present,  when  time  has  made  it  the  past.  Each 
act  in  one's  life  may  be  a  topic  of  importance  in  the  pages  yet  to  be  written. 
Nothing  is  too  trivial  or  uninteresting  in  the  routine  affairs  of  those  who  min- 
gle with  public  men,  to  be  unworthy  of  a  place  in  the  diary  of  the  local  recorder 
of  events.  Some  minor  matter  may  serve  to  corroborate  and  affirm  the  time 
and  method  of  a  far  mightier  occurrence. 

The  History  of  Marshall  County,  however,  differs  from  the  general  rule  in 
this  important  particular.  Instead  of  being  dependent  upon  crippled  records 
or  unstable  traditions,  the  story  is  composed  of  original  statements,  gathered 
expressly  for  this  work  from  those  principal  participants  in  the  thrilling  scenes 
of  the  past  who  still  live  within  the  county,  in  the  enjoyment  of  the  blessings 
which  accrue  from  lives  of  enterprising  industry. 

Marshall  County  is  yet  in  its  infancy,  so  far  as  years  are  concerned ;  but 
by  its  marvelous  prosperity  it  holds  a  commanding  place  among  the  counties  of 
the  State.  The  brevity  of  its  political  life  is  not  only  favorable  to  the  historian, 
affording  him  ample  opportunities  for  communion  with  the  original  pioneers, 
but  it  is  also  significant  in  a  material  sense,  inasmuch  as  it  foreshadows  a  grander 
development  of  its  inexhaustible  resources  within  the  lifetime  of  those  who  are 
now  partaking  of  the  fruits  of  their  labors  here.  If  less  than  a  generation,  es- 
timated by  the  popular  standard,  is  required  to  redeem  the  wilderness  from  a 
primeval  state,  clothe  the  prairies  with  richest  crops  and  dot  them  with  modern 
dwelling  houses,  may  we  not  reasonably  anticipate  a  far  more  rapid  advance- 
ment toward  wealth  during  the  quarter  of  a  century  yet  to  come? 

Those  who  entered  upon  the  work  of  converting  the  wild  lands  into  civilized 
abodes,  began  with  no  other  assistance  than  strong  hands  and  stout  hearts.  The 
patient  ox,  the  sharp  ax,  the  primitive  hoe,  the  cradle  and  the  scythe  were  man's 
only  dependence.  Mechanic  art  was  then  in  its  swaddling  clothes.  Cumber- 
some mechanism  had  been  applied  to  the  planting  and  harvesting  of  crops,  but 


308  HISTORY  OF  .MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

those  who  favored  tlie  innovation   on   time-honored  customs  were   tabooed  and 
looked  upon  with  pitiful  astonishment. 

But  more  than  all  else,  the  pioneers  who  made  the  first  b(jld  strokes  for 
homes  in  the  lovely  land  of  Iowa  were  poor,  almost  without  exception.  Had 
there  been  unlimited  numbers  of  improved  appliances  for  agriculture  at  their 
very  doors,  they  could  not  have  availed  themselves  of  the  opportunities,  from 
lack  of  means.  And  therein  lies  the  pith  and  marrow  of  the  credit  due  the 
noble  vanguards  of  the  West.  From  nothing  but  that  which  nature  lavishly 
supplied,  they  builded  strong  and  well.  They  labored  with  the  energy  of  heroes, 
and  deserve  the  reward  of  veterans. 

Marshall  County  differs  again  from  many  counties  of  the  State,  in  respect 
to  some  of  the  incidents  of  its  early  settlement.  The  customary  monotony  of 
pioneer  life,  which  consisted  of  making  claims,  taking  possession  of  them,  and 
quietly  improving  the  lands,  is  widely  deviated  from. 

The  reader  is  carried  far  back,  to  a  period  remote  from  that  at  which  the 
first  trapper  wandered  over  the  Indian  hunting-grounds  of  the  Iowa  Valley,  in 
searcii  for  the  causes  which  led  to  the  erection  of  the  first  habitation  for  white 
men  on  the  fertile  lands  which  were  destined  some  day  to  become  the  County 
of  Marshall. 

Before  beginning  the  work  of  recording  the  coming  of  white  men  to  this 
region,  let  us  consider  the  material  construction  of  the  locality  and  the  natural 
division  of  its  acres  into  prairie  and  woodland,  hillock  and  valley. 

In  geographical  position,  Marshall  County  is  one  of  the  most  fortunate  of 
localities.  Midway  between  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers,  east  and  west, 
and  divided  into  nearly  equal  parts  by  the  forty-second  parallel  of  latitude, 
which  is  practically  a  dividing  line  of  the  State  also,  the  county  may  be  termed 
the  pivotal  county,  with  its  capital  for  the  central  city  of  Iowa, 

To  add  to  this  apparent  centrality,  two  immense  railroads  traverse  the  county 
at  right  angles  to  each  other  in  as  near  direct  lines  as  it  is  possible  to  construct 
roadways,  conveying  to  the  mind  of  the  observer  who  studies  the  map  of  Iowa 
the  impression  that  Marshalltown  is  a  kuh,  and  that  a  pressure  upon  one  of  the 
long  levers  extending  therefrom,  might  easily  turn  the  State  to  suit  the  occasion. 
Nature  was  lavish  of  her  gifts  upon  this  lovely  section  of  Iowa.  She  be- 
stowed upon  it  fertility  of  soil,  abundance  and  purity  of  water,  inexhaustible 
quarries  of  valuable  building  stone,  vast  beds  of  clay  for  brick-making,  ai-eas  of 
timber  that  are  })ractically  beyond  the  requirements  of  man,  and,  above  all  else, 
a  most  salubrious  climate,  where  the  farmer,  the  tradesman  and  the  capitalist 
can  not  only  pursue  his  respective  vocation,  but  can  also  do  so  with  impunity, 
fearing  neither  epidemic,  malarial  fever  nor  tornado. 

Marshall  County  is  divided  into  eighteen  civil  townships.  An  effort  will 
soon  be  made  to  create  another  township,  to  be  called  Linn,  of  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  the  civil  Township  of  Marshall,  leaving  the  municipal  corporation 
of  Marshalltown  free  from  tlie  township.  At  the  })resent  writing  (September) 
the  list  of  townships  is  as  follows  : 

Vienna,  Liscomb,  Bangor,  Liberty,  Minerva,  Marietta,  Iowa,  Taylor,  Mar- 
shall, Marion,  Le  Grand,  Timber  Creek,  Washington,  State  Center,  Eden,  Lo- 
gan, Jefferson  and  Green  Castle. 

The  superficial  area  of  the  county  is  sixteen  Congressional  townships,  or 
368,640  acres. 

The  surface  of  the  county  is  all  that  the  farmer  could  desire.  It  is  just 
sufficiently  undulating  to  afford  ample  drainage,  but  is  not  hilly.  In  certain 
localities,  near  the  larger  streams,  the  elevations  rise  to  altitudes  which  might 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  309 

be  termed  hilly  by  prairie  farmers ;  but  those  settlers  who  came  from  the  East- 
ern States  found  the  rolling  lands  of  Central  Iowa  a  desirable  compromise  be- 
tween the  rocky  peaks  of  Eastern  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  New  England, 
and  the  monotonous  stretches  of  the  prairie  regions. 

This  is,  of  course,  a  prairie  country  ;  but  it  is  that  most  delightful  of  vari- 
eties which  may  be  denominated  diversified  prairie.  Along  the  streams  there 
are  bottom  lands  of  considerable  width  and  inexhaustible  fertility ;  but  the  ma- 
jor portion  of  the  soil  is  high  and  well  drained,  from  fifty  to  more  than  a  hun- 
dred feet  above  the  water  level,  waving  backward  from  the  river  beds  in  a  grand 
panorama  of  richly  cultivated  farms,  interspersed  with  belts  of  native  forest 
timber. 

The  scenery  from  many  an  elevation  throughout  the  county  is  worthy  of 
the  pencil  of  an  artist.  Could  the  peaceful  pastoral  scenes  be  transferred  by 
skillful  limner  to  canvas,  and  hung  upon  the  walls  of  some  metropolitan  gal- 
lery, the  critic  and  the  connoisseur  would  pause  with  delight,  to  do  honor  to  the 
vision.  The  grandeur  of  the  mountain  range  which  so  enchanted  Bierstadt.  it 
is  true,  is  not  to  be  discovered  in  this  State ;  nor  does  the  solemn  stateliness  of 
the  forest,  which  Bryant  loved  so  dearly,  awe  the  observer  with  its  sublimity. 
Nature  seems  to  have  wearied  in  her  creation  of  the  marvelous,  and  here  rested 
her  senses  with  a  far  more  peaceful  scene.  The  native  groves  allured  the  timid 
deer,  nor  offered  them  alarm  by  sudden  change  of  view  from  pastoral  to  weird. 
The  open  lands,  as  though  fresh  from  the  hands  of  cultured  floriculturist, 
bloomed  forth  perpetual  flowers. 

It  needed  no  vivid  imagination  on  the  part  of  those  who  saw  this  region  at 
its  earliest  settlement  to  persuade  them  of  their  entrance  upon  an  Eden.  There 
was  that  atmosphere  of  semi-cultivation  pervading  all  things  which  inspired  one 
with  a  belief  that  this  county  was  once  the  home  of  industrious  peoples,  who 
had,  from  some  unknown  cause,  suddenly  retired  from  the  spot,  leaving  their 
richly-tilled  farms  to  become  half  wild  again  from  lack  of  attention. 

The  pioneers  were  not  poetic,  as  a  general  thing ;  but  there  is  scarcely  one 
of  them  that  does  not  speak  to-day  of  the  entrancing  spectacle  off"ered  on  their 
arrival  here.  It  seemed  to  them  that  the  bountiful  hand  of  Nature  had  been 
opened  with  such  prodigal  generosity  that  no  alternative  was  left  them  but  to 
accept  the  invitation  to  remain  and  partake  of  the  feast. 

The  soil  of  the  upland  prairies  is  deep  and  rich,  composed  of  a  black,  allu- 
vial loam,  with  a  small  admixture  of  sand,  is  free  from  gravel  or  surface  stone, 
and  is  adapted,  in  every  respect,  to  the  growth  of  all  cereals,  vegetables  and 
grasses  peculiar  or  possible  to  be  cultivated  in  this  latitude. 

The  fallacy  that  a  perennial  sod  cannot  be  grown  in  this  region  has  been 
fully  exposed.  The  native  grasses  and  the  infinite  varieties  of  the  floral  tribe 
become  extinct,  without  cultivation,  in  the  course  of  time ;  but  where  a  more 
speedy  process  of  extermination  is  desired,  the  ordinary  methods  of  cultivation 
will  soon  place  a  sod  over  the  rich  bottom  lands  or  hillocks  that  will  afford  the 
amplest  pasturage  for  flocks  and  herds.  This  subject  will  be  more  fully  treated 
in  another  chapter. 

The  county  is  one  of  the  best  watered  sections  of  the  State.  The  principal 
stream  which  flows  through  the  county  is  the  Iowa  River,  It  crosses  the  north 
boundary  a.bout  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  center,  east  and  west,  on  Section  2, 
Town  85  north.  Range  19  west,  in  the  civil  township  of  Liscomb,  and  flows  in 
an  exceedingly  irregular  manner,  but  in  a  general  southeasterly  direction, 
finally  crossing  the  east  line  of  the  county,  on  Section  1,  Town  83  north.  Range 
17  west,  civil  township  of  Le  Grand. 


310  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

About  one  quarter  of  the  county  lies  on  the  northeast  side  of  Iowa  River. 

The  Iowa  is  a  fine,  rapid  stream  of  pure  water,  which  preserves  its  volume 
in  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  usual  width  at  this  point  is  about  forty 
yards. 

The  main  tributaries  of  the  Iowa  are  as  follows :  From  the  north  and  east 
side,  Asher  Creek,  which  rises  at  the  north  line  of  the  county  and  discharges  its 
•  waters  nearly  opposite  the  city  of  Marshalltown,  being  about  eleven  miles  in 
length  ;  Dean's  Creek,  which  rises  in  Liscomb  and  Vienna  Townships  and  flows 
southward,  emptying  north  of  the  county  seat;  Nicholson's  Creek,  rjses  in  Ma- 
rion Township,  and  empties  about  four  miles  east  of  Marshalltown. 

The  tributaries  from  the  west  and  south  are  as  follows  :  Honey  Creek,  ris- 
ing in  Hardin  County,  and  running  southeasterly,  empties  into  the  Iowa  in  the 
southeastern  corner  of  Bangor  Township  ;  it  is  composed  of  two  branches  which 
unite  about  a  mile  from  its  mouth,  the  main  stream  being  about  ten  miles  in 
length  :  Minerva  Creek,  made  up  of  a  number  of  small  streams  rising  in  the 
extreme  northwestern  and  western  parts  of  the  county,  is  a  beautiful  stream,  en- 
tering the  river  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  Marietta  Township  ;  the  Little 
Minerva  enters  it  about  one  mile  from  its  mouth ;  the  main  stream  is  about  ten 
miles  in  length  ;  Linn  Creek,  rising  near  the  west  part  of  the  county,  runs  very 
nearly  east  its  whole  distance,  and  empties  into  the  Iowa  two  miles  east  of  Mar- 
shalltown ;  it  is  twenty-six  miles  long,  and  the  longest  stream  in  the  county  ;  Tim- 
ber Creek,  waters  more  than  any  other  stream  in  the  county,  is  made  up  of  a 
great  number  of  branches  which  traverse  the  whole  south  part  of  the  county, 
and  which,  when  united,  form  the  largest  volume  of  water  discharged  by  any  of 
the  Iowa's  tributaries  in  this  county ;  it  empties  into  the  Iowa  about  two  and  a 
half  miles  fi'ora  the  eastern  line  of  the  county ;  the  main  stream  is  about  twen- 
ty-three miles  long. 

The  southeastern  portion  of  the  county  is  well-watered  by  the  branches  of 
the  Skunk  River,  three  or  four  of  which  rise  in  the  county  and  flow  south  ; 
Clear  Creek  is  the  most  important,  and  runs  through  the  west  part  of  Eden 
Township  for  about  eight  miles. 

Tlie  census  of  1875  shows  that  there  were  at  that  time  15,687  acres  of  native 
timber  in  the"  county.  To  this  must  be  added  5,526  acres  of  timber  that  has 
been  planted  since  the  region  was  settled,  giving  a  total  of  21,213  acres.  This 
is  exclusive  of  shade  trees  or  orchards.  The  timber  lands  of  Iowa  are  not  so 
valuable  as  the  original  settlers  anticipated  they  would  become.  In  the  days  of 
first  settlement,  it  was  supposed  that  one-third  of  the  farm  must  be  woodlands, 
in  order  to  provide  against  a  dearth  of  fencing  timber  and  fuel.  This  theory  is 
completely  exploded.  Prairie  lands  are  constantly  increasing  in  price,  while 
woodlands  hold  but  an  unsteady  market  value.  Fuel  is  inexhaustible,  and  fences 
may  be  made  on  open  lands  much  cheaper  and  more  satisfactory  from  wire. 
This  rule  does  not  apply  as  markedly  to  Marshall  as  to  some  other  counties  ; 
but  the  market  is  so  controlled  by  other  fencing  materials  that  only  a  local  trade 
can  be  secured  by  owners  of  timber.  In  wood  regions,  the  supply  is  greater 
than  the  demand,  as  the  growth  of  wood  is  probably  equal  to  the  consumption. 
Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  fears  of  the  timid  are  not  to  be  realized,  but  that  the 
open  country  is  far  more  valuable  than  the  heavily-timbered  localities.  Mar- 
shall County  will  never  suffer  from  a  scarcity  of  woods. 

This  county  is  as  well  adapted  to  the  growing  of  fruit  as  is  any  interior  sec- 
tion. With  proper  care  and  cultivation,  the  apple,  plum,  cherry  and  grape 
may  be  successfully  grown.  The  smaller  fruits  grow  luxuriantly,  as  did  the 
native  fruits  before  man's  advent  on  the  scene. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  311 

The  agricultural  statistics  show  Marshall  to  be  one  of  the  foremost  counties 
in  fertility. 

The  county  is  rich  in  building  stone,  the  quarrying  of  which  forms  a  valu- 
able industry. 

The  topics  of  material  development  and  business  progress  are  treated  in 
special  chapters,  in  an  appropriate  manner. 


GEOLOGY. 

The  history  of  Marshall  County  would  be  incomplete  without  a  sketch  of 
of  its  geology.  The  geological  formation  of  the  county  involves  a  knowledge 
of  many  of  the  contiguous  counties,  and  to  some  considerable  extent,  of  the 
whole  North  iVmerican  continent.  Geology  is  a  history  of  the  formation  of  the 
earth  and  its  changes,  and,  like  all  very  ancient  histories,  its  pages  are  often- 
times only  fragmentary  ;  some  of  them  lost  and  gone  forever,  while  even  whole 
chapters  have  totally  disappeared.  The  early  history  of  all  nations  is  mythical  and 
fabulous,  and,  to  a  great  degree,  unworthy  of  confidence  ;  but  geological  knowl- 
edge has  been  obtained  by  practical  observations  and  the  severest  inductive 
reasoning,  and  should  command  our  warmest  admiration. 

It  is  not  intended  to  give  a  scientific  and  professional  article  on  the  geology 
of  Marshall  County,  but  only  a  short  popular  treatise,  so  as  to  interest  every 
man  and  woman  of  good  observation  who  shall  peruse  it,  and  to  call  their  atten- 
tion, at  least,  to  the  superficial  formation  of  the  earth,  so  that  in  a  few  years 
there  may  be  hundreds  of  observers  of  interesting  geological  facts  where 
there  is  but  one  at  the  present  time. 

That  geology  commends  itself  to  us  as  a  truthful  science,  will  be  very  readily 
elucidated  by  a  very  simple  statement  of  a  fact  within  the  comprehension  of  all. 

To  illustrate :  A  certain  kind  of  rocks  are  called  Archaean  or  Laurentian. 
These  are  the  most  ancient  rocks  known  to  geologists ;  at  one  time  they  were 
supposed  to  be  destitute  of  fossils.  In  all  the  systems  of  rocks  they  occupy 
the  lowest,  and  consequently  the  oldest,  position  ;  but  in  whatever  part  of  the 
earth  found,  they  are  always  recognizable  by  the  geologist.  So  the  Devonian 
rocks  are  distinguished  by  certain  fossil  fishes  that  are  found  in  them,  and  in 
them  alone.  The  Carboniferous  rocks  are  known  by  certain  fossil  mollusks  ; 
the  Cretaceous,  by  certain  reptiles  that  occur  in  no  other  formation ;  and 
so  every  geological  period  has  its  characteristic  fossils,  by  means  of  which 
the  formation  and  its  comparative  age  may  always  be  accurately  determ- 
ined. 

The  geologist  will  always  know  the  coal -bearing  rocks  from  any  other  class ; 
and  this  knowledge  ought  to  be  possessed  by  every  one  interested  in  e:j^lora- 
tions  for  coal.  Le  Conte  says :  "  It  has  been  estimated  that  the  money,  time 
and  energy  uselessly  expended  in  the  State  of  New  York  in  exploration  for  coal, 
when  any  geologis.t  might  be  sure  there  was  no  coal,  would  suffice  to  make  a 
a  complete  geological  survey  of  the  State  several  times  over."  Is  the  same  not 
true  of  Iowa  and  of  Marshall  County  ? 

In  sketching  the  geology  of  this  county  one  is  reminded  of  the  supercilious 
old  Fadladeen  when  criticising  Feramorz's  poetry.  "In  order,"  said  he,  im 
portantly  swinging  about  his  chaplet  of  pearls,  "to  convey  with  clearness  my 
opinion  of  the  story  this  young  man  has  related,  it  is  necessary  to  take  a  review 
of  all  the  stories  that  have  ever — "  "My  good  Fadladeen!"  exclaimed  the 
Princess,  interrupting  him,  etc. 


.^1-2  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Even  with  the  gentle  admonition  of  the  beautiful  Princess,  it  must  be  said 
the  geology  of  Marshall  County  is  a  small  section  of  the  geology  of  North 
America,  and  North  America  is  the  oldest  continent  of  the  earth,  in  spite  of  the 
misnomer,  "New  World."  It  is  new  only  in  civilization.  Still,  we  are  able  to 
refer  to  the  primary  theories  of  geology  only  in  the  briefest  manner.  The  oldest 
rocks,  the  Archaean,  are  not  found  in  Iowa  ;  but  the  two  next  oldest  groups, 
the  Silurian  and  Devonian,  crop  out  in  the  northeastern  part  of  th<^  State,  and 
dip  back  west  and  southwest.  Next  come  the  Subcarboniferous  formations,  or 
those  underlying  the  coal  formations.  In  this  group  are  comprised  the  Marshall 
County  beds  of  limestone,  called  by  Prof.  White  the  Kinderhook  beds,  which 
are  said  by  him  to  extend  from  Burlington  north  to  Pocahontas  County,  a 
distance  of  more  than  two  hundred  miles.  They  crop  out  in  Des  Moines, 
Washington,  Tama,  Marshall,  Hardin  and  Franklin  Counties,  and  along  the 
Des  Moines  River,  in  Humboldt  County. 

Next  come,  lapping  on  to  the  limestone  beds  of  Marshall  County  in  the 
south  and  west,  thin  beds  of  sandstone,  of  the  Carboniferous  age,  upon  which 
should  have  been,  or  some  time  nia^  have  been,  formed  beds  of  coal.  Above 
the  limestone,  comes  the  bowlder  or  unassorted  blue  clay,  the  product  of  glacia- 
tion.  hereafter  to  be  described.  Above  the  bowlder  clay,  the  drift  deposit  of 
the  Champlain  period.  The  oldest  formations  of  the  Silurian  and  Devonian 
ages,  which  should  occupy  the  lowest  position,  do  actually  come  to  the  surface 
in  the  higher-  parts  of  the  State,  viz. :  in  the  northeast ;  but  their  dip  being 
south  and  southwest,  they  pass  so  deep  under  Marshall  County  as  to  entirely 
escape  observation.  It  then  remains  for  us  to  speak  only  of  the  limestone, 
the  carboniferous  formations,  and  the  glacial  and  ChamplViin  deposits.  If 
the  Cretaceous  period  made  any  formations  here,  they  were  all  glaciated 
away. 

FORMATION    OF    LIME    BEDS. 

Limestones  have  mainly  been  formed  in  the  bottom  of  the  ocean ;  the  older 
and  purer  kinds  in  the  deep,  still  sea ;  the  more  recent  and  less  pure  in  a  shal- 
low and  disturbed  sea.  When  the  great  limestone  deposits  were  made  in  the 
Mississippi  Valley,  a  deep  salt  ocean  extended  from  the  Alleghany  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  Arctic  Ocean.  This  was 
the  age  of  mollusks  (shell  fish),  and  the  sea  bottom  swarmed  with  them.  Many 
of  the  rocks  seem  to  have  been  wholly  made  up  of  comglomerate  shells.  In 
this  age  of  the  world,  there  was  no  creature  living  with  a  spinal  column  or  a 
brain ;  but  corals,  a  low  order  of  radiates,  as  crinoidea,  several  varieties  of 
mollusks,  crustaceans,  called  trilobites  (somewhat  corresponding  to  the 
river  crawfish),  and  some  lowly  loorms !  These  were  the  highest  develop- 
ment of  animal  life  when  the  earlier  limestone  rocks  were  being  slowly 
formed. 

This  Silurian  age  was  succeeded  by  the  Devonian,  characterized  as  the  age 
of  fishes,  during  which  were  deposited  the  Hamilton  and  Carboniferous  lime- 
stones. Then  came  the  Subcarboniferous  period,  during  which  were. deposited 
the  limestone  beds  of  Marshall  County.  These  were  formed  in  a  comparatively 
shallow  sea,  a  fact  proven  by  numerous  ripple  marks  in  the  rocks,  also  by 
their  sandy  composition  in  some  layers,  and  farther,  by  an  occasional  thin  layer 
of  clay  intervening  between  the  strata  of  rocks.  These  were  uneasy  times  on 
the  earth's  crust,  when  it  was  given  to  upheavings  and  down-sinkings  over 
large  areas.  Then  it  was  that  the  whole  northeastern  and  eastern  part  of  the 
State  was  upraised.     All  of  Marshall  County,  but-  the  southwestern  part,  par- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  313 

ticipated  in  the  elevation.  The  State  was  a  "down  grade"  all  the  way  from 
Allamakee  County  to  the  southwest  quarter  of  Marshall  County. 

THE    GREAT    COAL    BASIN 

was  formed  west  and  south  throughout  Iowa,  reaching  into  Missouri  and  Kan- 
sas, and  perhaps  into  the  Indian  Territory  and  Texas.  Over  this  vast  area 
tliere  stretched  a  vast,  dismal  swamp. 

On  this  great  marshy  plain  grew  the  rank  vegetation  that  was  in  the  future 
to  be  {)ressed  into  coal.  It  was  a  wilderness  of  moss  and  ferns  and  reeds,  such 
as  can  be  found  nowhere  on  earth  at  the  present  time.  Prof.  Gunning,  in 
speaking  of  it,  says :  "  To  the  land  forest  of  coniferas  and  cycads,  and  the 
marsh  forest  of  scale  trees  and  seal  trees  and  reed  trees  and  fern  trees,  add  an 
undergrowth  of  low  herbaceous  ferns,  and  you  have  the  picture  of  a  primeval 
landscape.  Blot  from  the  face  of  nature  every  flowering  weed  and  flowering 
tree,  every  grass,  every  fruit,  every  growth  useful  to  man  or  beast ;  go,  then,  to 
the  Sunda  Islands  for  the  largest  club  moss,  to  the  East  Indies  for  the  largest 
tree  fern,  to  the  damp  glades  of  Caracas  for  the  tallest  reeds,  to  the  Moluccas 
for  their  cycad  and  to  Australia  for  its  pine,  to  the  ponds  and  sluggish  streams 
of  America  for  their  quillwort,  and  place  them  all  side  by  side  over  a  vast 
marsh  and  its  sandy  borders,  and  you  will  faintly  realize  your  picture  of  a  prim- 
eval landscape.  Dwarf  the  cycad  andthe  pine,  lift  still  higher  the  tapering 
column  of  the  tree  fern,  multiply  by  two  the  bulk  of  the  reed  and  by  three  the 
club  moss,  lift  the  quillwort  from  the  water,  and  to  its  long,  linear  leaves  add  a 
fluted  stem  eighty  feet  high,  and  you  would  fully  realize  a  Carboniferous  land- 
scape— realize  it  in  all  but  its  vast  solitudes.  Not  a  bird  ever  perched  on  spiky 
leaf  or  spreading  fern  of  a  coal  forest.  No  flower  had  opened  yet  to  spread 
fragrance  on  the  air,  and  no  throat  had  warbled  a  note  of  music.  Such  poor 
animal  life  as  the  carboniferous  world  then  possessed  left  its  imprint  on  wave- 
washed  shore  and  in  the  hollow  stems  of  fallen  trees." 

This  was  the  beginning  of  the  age  of  amphibians.  Then  lived  the  progeni- 
tors of  the  loathsome  alligator  and  lizard.  La  Conte  says  :  "  The  climate  of 
the  cool  period  was  characterized  by  greater  warmth,  humidity/,  uniformity 
and  a  more  highly  carbonated  condition  of  the  atmosphere  than  now  ob- 
tained." We  may,  therefore,  picture  to  ourselves  the  climate  of  this  period 
as  warm,  moist,  uniform,  stagnant  and  stijiing  from  the  abundance  of  carbonic 
acid. 

Such  conditions  were  extremely  favorable  to  vegetable  life,  but  not  to  the 
higher  forms  of  animal  life.  Neither  man  nor  monkey  nor  milk-giving  animal 
of  any  kind  lived  for  many  cycles  of  time  after  the  Subcarboniferous  period  ; 
but  that  vegetation  grew  rank,  scientific  facts  corroborate ;  thus,  Prof.  Gunning 
says :  '"It  takes  between  five  and  eight  feet  of  vegetable  debris  to  form  one 
foot  of  coal.  A  Pittsburgh  seam  is  ten  feet  thick,  while  one  in  Nova  Scotia  is 
thirty -five  feet  in  depth.  The  Pittsburgh  seam  represents  a  vegetable  deposit  of 
from  fifty  to  a  hundred  feet  in  depth,  and  the  one  in  Nova  Scotia  between  a 
hundred  and  seventy-five  and  three  hundred  and  fifty  feet  in  thickness.  A  four- 
foot  seam  in  Jasper  County  would  represent  from  twenty  to  forty  feet  of  vege- 
table debris. 

During  the  growth  and  decay  of  this  vegetable  matter,  the  surface  of  the 
earth  did  not  sink ;  but  this  quiescent  period  yfa.s  followed  by  one  of  submergence. 
"  The  surface,  loaded  with  the  growth  of  quiet  centuries,  was  carried  down 
beneath  the  sea,  where  it  was  swept  by  waves  and  overspread  by  sands  and 
mud."     It  was   in   nature's  great   hydraulic   press,    where   it   remained   until 


314  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

another  upheaval  again  threw  it  to  the  surface,  and  another  long  era  of  verdure 
succeeded  the  one  of  submergence. 

Thus,  emergence  and  submergence  succeeded  each  other  as  many  times  as 
the  coal  seams  and  the  shale,  slate  or  sandstone  alternate — in  some  parts  of 
Iowa  three  times,  in  Nova  Scotia,  about  forty  times  I  Who  can  compute  the 
centuries  here  recorded  ? 

Marshall  County  was  only  on  a  shallow  margin  of  the  great  coal  basin,  con- 
sequently, no  coal  was  manufactured  within  her  borders,  or  so  little  as  to  be 
unworthy  of  notice.  Let  him  that  would  prospect  for  coal  in  Marshall  County 
be  sure  he  does  not  bore  into  Kinderhook  limestone  or  subcarboniferous  shale, 
as  the  coal  deposits  must  be  found  above  and  not  below  such  formations. 

The  next  higher  formation  above  the  coal-bearing  strata  is  the  cretaceous, 
or  chalk.  If  there  was  ever  a  deposit  of  it  in  Marshall  County,  it  was  swept 
awav  by  the  Glacial  or  Champlain  period.  So  we  pass  by  this  "  missing  link  " 
and  come  to  the  consideration  of  the 

DRIFT    PERIOD. 

That  the  surface  of  Marshall  County,  and  of  Iowa,  and,  in  fact,  the  whole 
of  North  America  north  of  the  thirty-eighth  parallel,  is  covered  by  a  material 
known  as  drift  has  become  a  popular  opinion.  Strewn  all  over  the  country,  on 
the  hills  and  in  the  valleys  and  on  the  level  prairies,  covering  up  the  native 
rocks  to  a  depth  of  from  twenty  to  three  hundred  feet,  is  found  this  peculiar 
deposit.  The  well-diggers  and  the  colliers,  in  their  excavations,  encounter  it, 
and  the  quarryman  has  to  strip  it  from  the  surface  of  his  rock  bed.  It  is  not  all 
alike  ;  first  there  are  a  few  feet  of  surface  soil,  created  by  recent  vegetable  depos- 
its ;  then  a  variable  depth  of  clay,  or  clay  and  sand  intimately  blended ;  then 
water-worn  gravel  and  sand,  and  then  blue  clay^  resting  upon  the  country  rock. 

Scattered  over  the  continent  are  frequently  seen  "  lost  rocks,"  or  bowlders, 
of  various  sizes  and  of  difi'erent  varieties,  some  of  granite,  others  of  gneiss  or 
trap,  and  occasionally  some  of  limestone.  These  bowlders  are  also  frequently 
found  in  excavating  the  earth. 

The  blue  clay  which  lies  upon  the  country  rocks,  or  the  original  formation, 
is  tiie  oldest  of  the  drift  deposits.  It  consists  of  a  heterogeneous  mixture  of 
dark  blue  clay,  sand,  gravel,  pebbles  and  irregular-shaped  stones  and  bowlders, 
of  various  kinds  and  sizes,  unassorted  and  unstratified,  and  therefore  could  not 
have  been  deposited  in  water.  Sometimes,  an  occasional  piece  of  stone-coal 
and  fragments  of  wood  are  found  in  it.  This  blue  clay  is  bowlder  or  glacier  clay. 
From  whence  it  came  and  how  formed  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  subjects 
that  scientific  minds  have  investigated.  The  history  of  glacial  phenomena  is 
the  history  of  the  deposition  of  the  blue  clay  formation. 

Too  much  credit  cannot  be  given  to  the  late  lamented  Prof.  Agassiz  and 
Principal  Forbes  for  their  discovery  of  the  laws  regulating  glacial  action.  These 
eminent  savants  built  a  hut  on  a  living  glacier,  in  Switzerland,  and  studied  it  in 
all  its  relatiims  to  the  past  history  of  the  globe. 

Prof  Gunning  says :  "  The  area  of  Greeidand  is  nearly  eight  hundred 
thousand  S(juare  miles  ;  and  all  this,  save  the  narrow  strip  Avhich  faces  an  ice- 
choked  sea,  on  the  west,  is  a  lifeless  solitude  of  snow  and  ice.  The  snow  over- 
tops the  hills  and  levels  up  all  the  valleys,  so  that,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach, 
there  is  nothing  but  one  vast,  dreary,  level  expanse  of  white.  Over  all  broods 
the  silence  of  death.  Life,  there  is  none.  Motion,  there  seems  to  be  none — 
none  save  of  the  wind,  which  sweeps  now  and  then,  in  the  wrath  of  a  polar 
storm,  from  the  sea  over  the  "  ice-sea,"  and  rolls  its  cap  of  snow  into  great  bil- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  315 

lows,  and  dashes  it  up  into  clouds  of  spray.  But  motion  there  is ;  activities  we 
shall  see  there  are,  on  a  scale  of  grandeur  commensurate  with  the  vast  desola- 
tion itself." 

Let  the  mind  go  back,  in  the  history  ol  our  earth,  one  hundred  thousand 
years,  when  Prof.  Croll,  from  mathematical  deductions,  inferred  the  existence 
of  a  snow-cap,  covering  the  whole  of  North  America  and  Europe,  from  the 
thirty-eighth  parallel  to  the  north  pole ;  then,  in  imagination,  see  the  larger 
portion  of  North  America,  as  you  see  Greenland  now,  covered  with  an  "  ice- 
mantle"  8,000  to  6,000  feet  thick. 

Le  Conte  says :  "  This  ice  sheet  moved,  with  slow,  glacier  motion,  south- 
eastward, southward  and  southwestward,  over  New  England,  New  York,  Ohio, 
Illinois,  Iowa,  etc.,  regardless  of  smaller  valleys,  glaciating  the  whole  surface, 
and  gouging  out  lakes  in  its  course.  Northward,  the  ice-sheet  probably  ex- 
tended to  the  pole;  it  was  an  extension  of  the  polar  ice-cap.'" 

The  dynamic  power  of  such  a  continental  mass  of  ice  is  inconceivable.  It 
is  fit  to  be  called  one  of  the  giant  mills  of  the  gods,  which  are  represented  "  to 
grind  slow,  but  exceeding  fine."  It  was  a  monstrous  ice-plain,  shaving  ofi"  the 
rugged  crags  of  mountains,  leveling  up  valleys  and  filling  up  ancient  river 
beds.  Its  under  surface  was  thickly  set  with  rock-bowlders,  which,  with  its 
ponderous  weight,  ground  the  underlying  rocks  to  powder.  This  pulverized 
rock  was  washed  from  beneath  the  glacier  by  the  outflowing  waters  which  con- 
stantly gushed  forth,  and  settled  on  far-off  plains  as  alluvial  sand  and  clay. 
The  motion  of  the  glacier  was  slow,  perhaps  six  inches  in  twenty-four  hours. 
This  was  the  giant  mill  that  ground  out  the  blue  clay — the  glacier  clay — that 
overlies  the  native  formations  of  the  entire  countiy.  It  doubtless  owes  its  dark 
blue  color  to  the  Laurentian  and  trap  rocks  of  Canada.  Well-diggers  are 
familiar  with  it,  and  it  is  nearly  always  the  same  in  color  and  composition. 
Geologists  are  now  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that  during  the  glacial  epoch  the 
whole  northern  portion  of  the  continent  was  elevated  one  thousand  to  two 
thousand  feet  above  the  present  level.  Le  Conte  says :  "  The  polar  ice-cap 
had  advanced  southward  to  40°  latitude,  with  still  farther  southward  projections, 
favored  by  local  conditions,  and  an  Arctic  rigor  of  climate  prevailed  over  the 
United  States,  even  to  the  shores  of  the  Gulf.  At  the  end  of  this  epoch  an  op- 
posite or  downward  movement  of  land  surface  over  the  same  region  commenced 
and  continued  until  a  depression  of  five  hundred  or  one  thousand  feet  below 
the  present  level  was  attained."  * 

It  is  not  within  the  province  of  this  sketch  to  go  into  details  and  give  the 
problematic  causes  of  this  glacier  period.  The  causes  were  mainly  astronomical. 
Mr.  Croll  has  calculated  the  form  of  the  earth's  orbit  a  million  years  back  and 
a  million  years  forward.  The  probable  time  of  the  last  glacial  period  was 
100,000  years  back  ;  then  the  eccentricity  of  the  earth's  orbit  was  very  great, 
and  the  earth  in  aphelion  (or  when  most  distant  from  the  sun,  being  about  thir- 
teen millions  of  miles  further  than  in  summer)  in  midwinter  ;  then  the  Winters 
were  about  thirty  days  longer  than  now.  In  Summer,  the  earth  would  be  cor- 
respondingly nearer  the  sun,  and  would  receive  an  excess  of  heat,  thus  giving  the 
earth  in  the  northern  hemisphere  short,  hot   Suynmers,  and  long,  cold  Winters. 

The  subsidence  referred  to  above  forms  the  beginning  of 

THE    CHAMPLAIN    EPOCH. 

Now  let  us  see  how  the  drift  was  deposited  on  the  bowlder  clay.  When  the  con- 
tinental depression  took  place,  a  large  portion  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  was 
submerged.     Le  Conte  says :  "It  was  a  time  of  inland  seas.     *      *      *     * 


316  HTSTOR\   OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Another  result,  or  at  least  a  concomitant,  was  a  moderation  of  the  climate,  a 
raeltinc  of  the  glaciers,  and  a  retreat  of  the  margin  of  the  ice-cap  northward. 
It  was,  therefore,  a  time  of  Hooded  lakes  and  rivers.  Lastly,  over  these  inland 
seas  and  great  lakes,  loosened  masses  of  ice  floated  in  the  form  of  icebergs.  It 
was,  therefore,  a  time  of  iceberg  action." 

The  opinion  prevails  among  geologists  that  the  glacier  motion  was  from  the 
east  of  north,  but  that  the  Champlain  flow  was  from  the  northwest.  Corrobo- 
i-atin^  this  hypothesis,  is  the  marked  diff'erence  in  color  of  the  bowlder  clay  and 
the  Upper  Drift  deposit.  If  the  glacier  motion  was  from  the  north,  or  east  of 
north,  it  did  not  produce  the  beds  of  our  present  rivers.  Glaciation  only  wore 
off  and  smoothed  down  the  surface  of  the  country,  leaving  it  a  vast,  undulating 
plain  of  dark  blue  mud,  a  heterogeneous  mass  of  clay,  sand,  gravel  and  bowlders. 
The  old  river  courses  and  valleys  were  completely  obliterated.  That  the  great 
beds  of  alluvium  which  cover  up  the  blue  clay  were  deposited  in  water,  is  clearly 
proven  by  its  stratification,  which  can  be  observed  in  almost  any  excavation 
where  a  hill  or  bluff"  has  been  cut  through  in  constructing  railroads  or  mills,  or 
where  brick  clay  has  been  procured. 

But  let  us  see  how  the  Champlain  period  was  produced. 

A  continental  subsidence  came  on,  and  large  inland  lakes  were  formed.  The 
climate  became  modified  ;  the  glaciers  melted  more  rapidly  ;  vast  icebergs  broke 
loose  from  the  mountain-like  glaciers,  and  floated  over  the  land,  carrying  rocks 
and  clay  and  debris  with  them,  and  as  they  melted  strewed  them  over  the  sur- 
face ;  sometimes  grounding  and  excavating  basins  for  future  lakes  and  ponds. 
Thus  year  after  year  and  age  after  age  did  the  muddy  waters  and  freighted  ice- 
bergs flow  over  the  country,  the  former  depositing  our  present  alluvial  drift,  the 
latter  dropping  here  and  there  the  bowlders  and  debris  that  we  now  find  scat- 
tered over  the  country.  No  erosion,  save  from  a  stranded  iceberg,  occurred  at 
that  time,  but  it  was  a  period  of  filling  in,  a  period  of  distribution  over  the  sub- 
merged land,  of  powdered  rocks,  sand  and  clay,  and  an  occasional  bowlder. 
But  when  the  continent  emerged  from  the  abyss,  and  the  waters  flowed  oft",  and 
the  higher  undulations  of  the  land  appeared,  then  the  erosive  action  of  winds 
and  waves  and  storms  and  currents  took  place.  The  waters,  as  they  flowed 
toward  the  sea  and  Gulf,  produced  their  inevitable  channels.  There  was  much 
of  the  drift  carried  into  the  streams  and  borne  away  in  the  floods  to  the  sea. 
Then  was  the  stranded  bowlder,  by  wind  and  wave  stripped  of  its  soft  alluvial 
bed,  left  high  and  dry  on  the  surface  of  the  hereafter  prairie.  Then  were  the 
gravelly  knolls  that  are  found  in  some  parts  of  the  State  robbed  of  every  fine 
sediment,  and  the  gravel  and  stones  left  to  tell  the  story  of  the  floods.  Then 
were  the  great  valleys  washed  out ;  then  did  the  annual  wash-outs  all  along  the 
water  courses — rapidly  at  first,  but  more  slowly  in  after  ages — eat  away  the  drift 
accumulations  and  form  the  hills.  The  hilly  districts  generally  lie  contiguous 
to  the  streams.  Back  from  these  water  courses,  the  land  is  usually  undulating 
prairie,  showing  but  little  erosion. 

The  country  contiguous  to  the  Iowa  River  and  its  tributaries,  bears  in  many 
localities  unmistakable  evidences  of  the  action  of  tlie  retiring  waters  of  the 
Champlain  period.  As  geology  has  written  its  history  in  the  rocks,  so  the  latest 
action  of  the  waters  has  left  its  legible  records  in  the  drifts — it  made  tracks,  and 
by  its  tracks  we  can  see  where  it  was  and  what  it  did. 

When  two  currents  of  water  flow  together,  charged  with  sediment,  where 
the  currents  meet  there  will  occur  an  eddy,  the  eddy-water  will  throw  down  its 
load  of  floating  mud  and  build  up  a  bar.  In  the  valley  of  the  Iowa  River  may 
be  found  many  of  those  silted-up  banks  and  promontories,  the  deposits  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  317 

waters  during  the  latter  Champlain  period.  A  good  example  of  it  may  be  seen 
in  the  long  promontory  that  extends  from  near  Albion  and  terminates  near 
where  the  valley  of  Asher  Creek  and  the  river  valley  intersect.  During  the 
Champlain  period,  when  Iowa  River  Valley  and  Asher  Creek  Valley  were 
filled  with  water  from  bluff  to  bluff,  then  the  eddy  produced  from  the  meeting 
of  the  two  great  streams  silted  up  those  extensive  sand  and  clay  hills.  That  it 
occurred  when  the  valleys  were  filled  from  bluff  to  bluff  is  proven  by  the  fact 
that  the  silted-up  district  is  as  elevated  as  the  bluffs.  The  farms  of  Messrs. 
Chapin.  Hamble  and  Oaks,  situated  at  the  north  end  of  the  levee,  were  like- 
wise produced  by  the  down-throw  when  the  comparatively  still  waters  of  the 
river  and  Asher  Creek  mingled.  Another  very  striking  example  of  this 
formation  is  Mormon  Ridge,  a  remarkably  long,  elevated,  but  narrow  spit  of 
land  projecting  far  into  the  river  valley,  thrown  up  during  the  ancient  high 
floods,  where  the  waters  of  the  Iowa  River  and  the  Minerva  met.  Another 
handsome  formation  of  this  kind  is  near  the  mouth  of  Timber  Creek,  although 
quite  a  portion  of  it  has  been  eroded  away  by  the  creek  in  recent  times.  These 
are  some  of  the  old  tracks  made  by  the  Iowa  River  and  its  tributaries  in  their 
youthful  and  gushing  days. 

The  site  of  Marshalltown  is  a  plateau  thrown  up  from  the  raging  waters  of 
the  river  and  Linn  Creek,  deeply  eroded  in  places  by  the  retiring  water ;  silted 
up  on  the  north  and  east,  almost  entirely  of  sand.  The  Westlake  farm  and 
the  Utz  place  were  deposited  more  recently  from  the  eddy-waters  of  the  river 
and  Linn  Creek.  Mr.  Westlake,  near  his  residence,  excavated  a  well  forty-four 
feet  deep,  through  sandy  clay,  and  found  abundance  of  water  in  the  old  river  bed 
gravel.  In  the  gravel,  he  found  a  huge  granite  bowlder,  which  was  elevated 
with  great  difficulty,  as  it  was  estimated  to  weigh  five  or  six  hundred  pounds. 

The  recent  excavations  for  the  engine  building  of  the  Water  Works  exposed 
the  subcarboniferous  formation  of  shale,  upon  which  the  building  stands.  Over- 
laying the  shale,  is  the  blue  glacial  clay ;  over  this,  the  ancient  river  bed,  con- 
sisting of  water-worn  pebbles  about  four  feet  thick  ;  and  above  this,  the  shore  de- 
posit of  sand  and  alluvium,  thrown  out  over  the  beach  by  the  returning  waters. 
What  used  to  be  known  as  the  ''Big  iSlough,"  northeast  of  Baptist  Hill,  is  a 
relic  of  the  Champlain  period — a  ravine  washed  out  from  the  overflow  of  the 
river  during  some  of  its  floods.  Another  one  is  between  the  steam  mill  and 
First  Ward  School  House ;  and  the  remains  of  still  another  one  may  be  seen 
north  of  Dr.  Harris'  residence,  in  the  cemetery  grounds.  These  and  others 
that  may  be  seen  around  the  city  were  measurably  filled  up  and  eftaced  by  silt- 
ing up  from  the  retiring  waters. 

BOWLDERS 

are  frequently  found  scattered  over  the  surface  of  the  country,  and  very  com- 
monly in  ravines  or  sloughs,  because,  when  denudation  was  taking  place  by 
the  agency  of  the  subsiding  waters,  they  invariably  moved  down  hill  when  the 
eartli  was  washed  from  under  them.  This  readily  accounts  for  their  being 
usually  found  in  I'avines. 

A  very  large  granite  bowlder  is  found  three  or  four  miles  north  of  Marshall- 
town,  on  the  Brown  farm.  It  is  eighteen  or  twenty  feet  in  diameter  either 
way,  and  if  three-fourths  of  it  is  under  ground  it  is  twelve  or  fourteen  feet 
thick.  It  is  presumable  that  the  usual  calculation  in  reference  to  a  one-fourth 
exposure  is  correct.  According  to  a  rough  estimate,  this  stone  would  weigh 
over  one  hundred  tons — a  mere  feather-weight  for  a  large  iceberg  to  carry  ' 
Other  parts  of  the  State  have  very  many  more  bowlders  than  Marshalltown  has. 


318  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

fi'om  which  we  would  infer  that  fewer  icebergs  drifted  over  this  county,  or  that 
they  came  from  glaciers  that  did  not  find  ready  facilities  for  loading  with  bowlders. 

INDIAN    MOUNDS 

have  nowhere  been  found  within  the  county.  Why  they  are  not  here,  when  so  nu- 
merous in  other  parts  of  the  State,  is  a  question  to  be  discussed  by  archaeologists. 

THE  CHARACTER  OF  THE  SURFACE  SOIL 

of  Marshall  County  is,  in  every  essential,  chemically  suited  to  the  growth  of 
crops  for  a  long  period  of  time.  It  is  "rich"  and  "deep,"  and  is  all  that 
practical  farmers  can  desire. 

THE  ADVENT  OF  WHITE  MEN. 

The  accident  of  circumstance  determines  the  nature  of  history.  To  the 
Christian  and  Atheist  alike  the  truthfulness  of  this  statement  appears  in  full 
force.  Causes  may  be  susceptible  of  discussion,  and  difference  of  opinion  may 
be  entertained  as  to  the  ordering  of  events ;  but  when  occurrence  reaches  the 
realm  of  fact,  speculation  ceases  and  reality  alone  exists. 

That  which  one  terms  the  "accident  "  of  life,  oftentimes  forms  a  curious 
and  highly  interesting  topic  for  study.  Had  it  not  been  for  some  exceedingly 
trivial  event,  which,  from  its  insignificance  was  unheeded  or  unknown  at  the 
moment  of  its  occurrence,  the  thread  of  history  would  frequently  be  changed, 
and  the  fabric  of  mans  or  nations'  life  be  marred  or  beautified  according  as  the 
germ  there  sown  was  evil  or  good. 

In  the  grand  economy  of  the  Omnipotent  there  is  no  such  element  as  acci- 
dent. The  creative  intelligence  comprehends  the  be-all  and  the  end-all  of  the 
universe ;  but  finite  mind  fails  in  its  grasp  of  knowledge  and  sees  only  those 
events  which  transpire  within  the  radius  of  its  limited  vision.  The  inevitable 
sequence  of  natural  causes,  when  those  causes  are  obscured  by  time  or  distanct^, 
become  accidents  in  man's  conception  of  eventuality. 

The  historian  who  uncovers  the  pages  of  the  past  discerns  the  workings  of 
extraneous  influences  upon  the  records  of  Marshall  County.  The  original  entry 
of  white  men  within  the  limits  of  the  territory  now  embraced  in  this  prosper- 
ous region,  so  far  excels  the  ordinary  methods  of  settlement  as  to  form  a  highly 
dramatic  chapter  with  which  to  preface  this  work. 

A  deluded  people,  fleeing  from  the  wratli  of  man,  halted  for  a  brief  period 
beneath  the  shelter  of  the  groves,  but  found  nature  no  more  merciful  or  tender 
in  its  dealings  with  them  than  were  their  fellow-creatures.  They  escaped  the 
sword  to  encounter  death  in  a  more  horrid  form.  Starvation,  gaunt  and  inex- 
orable, stalked  after  them  through  the  primeval  solitudes,  and  laid  its  specter 
iiand  upon  them  jis  they  shivered  before  the  icy  blasts  of  Winter. 

THE    MORMONS. 

It  is  necessary,  in  order  to  preserve  a  full  record  of  the  brief  sojourn  of  the 
Hrst  white  settlement  in  the  county,  to  digress  from  the  actual  history  of  Mar- 
shall for  a  time,  and  relate  the  story  of  tlie  inception  of  Mormonism,  its  rise  to 
power  in  the  East,  its  overthrow  in  Illinois,  and  the  causes  which  led  to  the 
exodus  of  the  believers  in  the  faith  from  that  State  to  the  far-off  unexplored 
region  of  Salt  Lake. 

In  the  narrative  here  given  will  be  found  the  origin  of  the  "accident" 
which  united  indissolubly  the  name  but  not  the  principle  of  Mormonism  with 


HISTOm'  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  '  319 

the  early  history  of  Marshall  County.  Let  us  first  consider  who  the  Mormons 
were  and  what  were  the  causes  which  necessitated  the  relinquishment  of  wealth 
and  political  power  by  them,  and  the  seeking  of  a  home  far  beyond  the  reach 
of  the  strong  arm  of  the  law-. 

The  peculiar  tenets  of  a  sect  like  the  Mormons  are  not  the  product  of 
sudden  inspiration,  but  are  developed  by  degrees  from  some  centralizing  thought, 
and  in  their  growth  often  so  change  in  character  the  whole  structure  as  to  leave 
it  at  the  last  with  really  as  little  likeness  to  the  original  as  the  butterfly  bears 
to  the  grub.  For  example,  Mormonism's  most  distinctive  feature  to-day.  polyg- 
amy, is  something  that  was  not  only  denied  by  its  first  followers,  but  was 
bitterly  denounced  by  them  in  their  Book  of  Mormon  as  sinful.  In  many  ways, 
as  first  originated,  the  Mormon  system  was  crude  and  indefinite,  its  founders 
even  seeming  to  have  little  idea  how  vast  was  the  field  they  had  entered  upon 
for  selfish  ambitions.  It  was  one  of  those  projects  whose  success,  in  the  eyes 
of  the  ignorant  and  credulous,  seems  to  justify  its  claimed  origin. 

In  briefly  reviewing  the  history  of  this  peculiar  people,  we  have  taken  such 
facts  as  are  necessary  from  Appleton's  Cyclopedia  and  various  other  sources. 
Joseph  Smith,  the  founder  of  Mormonism,  and  its  chief  prophet,  sprang  from 
an  obscure  family  in  Sharon,  Windsor  County,  Yt.,  and  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1805.  When  he  was  10  years  old,  the  family  moved  to  Palmyra,  N.  Y., 
where  they  bore  the  reputation  of  being  a  visionary  set,  even  intemperate 
and  immoral,  Joseph  being  the  black  sheep  of  the  flock.  He  manifested 
the  traits  which  afterward  distinguished  him  very  early  in  life,  for  at  15 
years  of  age  he  began  to  see  visions,  and  claimed  to  have  been  informed 
from  supernatural  sources  that  he  was  destined  to  perform  a  great  work. 
He  was  shiftless  and  worthless  in  all  practical  matters,  and  gave  up  his  time 
to  digging  in  the  earth  for  hidden  treasures,  and  like  occupations,  and  to 
playing  the  part  of  seer.  In  that  way  his  education  was  wholly  neglected. 
His  deficiencies  in  this  respect  his  disciples  freely  admit ;  and  later  in  his 
career,  when  it  became  necessary  for  him  as  a  leader  to  make  speeches  and  deliver 
proclamations,  he  was  obliged  to  depend  upon  others  for  their  preparation. 

In  1823,  when  he  was  18  years  old,  he  announced  that  an  angel  had 
appeared  to  him  three  times  in  the  night,  who  revealed  to  him  that  there  were 
buried  in  a  certain  hill  in  Ontario  County,  N.  Y.,  some  marvelous  gold  plates 
upon  which  was  written,  in  a  language  no  longer  understood  upon  earth,  a  his- 
tory of  the  first  inhabitants  of  America,  and  of  how  God  dealt  with  them. 
Furthermore,  it  was  revealed  to  him  that  with  these  hieroglyphic  plates,  set  in 
bows  like  spectacles,  were  two  transparent  stones,  through  which  only  could 
these  records  be  read.  He  secured  the  plates  and  the  stones,  and  then,  lest 
profane  eyes  should  see  the  sacred  revelations,  he  hung  a  curtain  across  the 
corner  of  his  room,  and  with  the  magic  lenses  to  his  eyes  read  the  "  Book  of 
Mormon,"  or  the  "Golden  Bible,"  as  he  called  it,  his  friend  Oliver  Cowdery 
transcribing  as  he  read.  This  book  w^as  printed  in  1830.  Three  men,  Oliver 
Cowdery,  David  Whitmer  and  Martin  Harris,  called  b}'^  the  Mormons,  "  the 
tliree  witnesses,"  appended  to  it  this  statement:  ''We  declare,  with  the  words 
of  soberness,  that  an  angel  of  God  came  down  from  heaven,  and  brought  and 
laid  before  our  eyes  that  we  beheld  and  saw  the  plates  and  the  engravings 
thereon."  However,  years  afterward,  when  the  "three  witnesses"  had 
quarreled  with  Smith,  and  had  withdrawn  from  allegiance  to  his  faith,  they  con- 
fessed that  this  was  perjured  testimony.  To  sustain  this  confession  there  are 
others  who  declare  that  at  this  time  Smith  himself  admitted  that  it  was  all  a 
hoax,  but  that  he  intended  to  carry  out  the  fun. 


320  HISTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  Golden  Bible  is  made  up  of  sixteen  different  books,  which  are  assumed 
to  be  written  at  various  times  by  various  prophets.  It  is  a  medley  of  the  his- 
torical and  legendary,  written  in  antique  style,  and  interpersed  with  frequent 
passages  from  the  common  English  translation  of  the  Bible.  This  latter  ad- 
mixture being  by  far  the  best  part  of  the  work,  is  the  most  frequently  quoted 
by  believers  in  defense  of  their  faith. 

To  offset  the  assumption  of  the  mysterious  production  of  the  Mormon  Bible, 
there  are  fiicts  which  fully  establish  its  real  author  to  be  Solomon  Spalding,  a 
somewhat  eccentric  man,  and  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College.  He  was  very 
poor,  and  had  a  strong  predilection  for  literary  pursuits ;  but  his  productions 
were  so  worthless  that  he  could  never  find  a  publisher,  and  his  only  public  was 
the  few  friends  who  were  forced  to  listen  to  his  reading  of  his  own  works. 

Spalding  was  born  in  Connecticut,  but  during  the  years  1810,  '11  and  '12, 
he  lived  in  Conneaut,  Ohio,  where,  true  to  his  instinct  for  composition,  he  wrote 
a  romance,  to  prove  that  the  American  Indians  were  descendants  of  the  lost 
tribes  of  Israel.  To  this  romance  he  gave  the  name  of  "Manuscript  Found," 
and  his  intention  was  to  make  it  appear  that  it  had  been  discovered  in  a  cave  in 
Ohio.  He  put  it  into  the  hands  of  a  printer  in  Pittsburgh,  with  whom  Sidney 
Higdon.  later  a  prominent  disciple,  was  associated.  It  seems,  however,  that 
tlie  W(»rk  was  not  issued,  for  some  reason  unknown,  but  the  manuscript  was 
returned  to  Mr.  Spalding,  who  died  shortly  afterward. 

When  Smith  published  the  "Book  of  Mormon,"  as  a  translation  from 
the  golden  plates,  Mrs.  Spalding  at  once  recognized  it  as  her  husband's 
work.  She  could  only  understand  its  being  in  Eigdon's  possession  un  the  sup- 
position that  he  had  purloined  it  from  the  Pittsburgh  office.  She  protested 
against  its  being  put  to  such  sacrilegious  uses,  and  said:  "  The  air  of  antiquity 
thrown  about  the  composition  doubtless  suggested  the  idea  of  converting  it  to 
jfurposes  of  delusion.  Thus,  a  historical  romance,  with  a  few  pious  expressions 
and  extracts  from  the  sacred  Scriptures,  has  been  construed  into  a  new  Bible, 
and  palmed  off  upon  a  company  of  poor,  deluded  fanatics  as  divine." 

When  Rigdon  secured  this  manuscript,  it  was  evidently  with  a  view  to  mak- 
ing capital  out  of  it,  for  he  shortly  afterward  started  out  as  a  preacher.  He 
advrjcated  some  peculiar  doctrines,  some  of  which  afterward  became  a  part  of  the 
Mormon  religion. 

He  became  associated  with  Smith  in  1829,  and  it  is  supposed  that  it  was 
through  his  agency,  and  to  carry  out  Smith's  assertion  of  the  plates  of  gold, 
that  he  placed  the  manuscript  in  Smith's  hands.  At  all  events,  there  is  abun- 
dant testimony  to  prove  that  Spalding's  romance  and  the  Book  of  Mormon  are 
identical  in  the  main. 

At  the  outset,  neither  Smith  nor  Rigdon  had  any  very  definite  ideas  of 
their  own  doctrines ;  but  subsequent  opportunities  developed'form  and  purpose 
out  of  the  chaos. 

There  was  a  strong  leaning  in  both  to  Millenarianism — a  subject  much 
under  discussion  at  that  period — and  they  preached  that  America  was  to  be  the 
final  home  of  the  saints  at  the  closely  approaching  millennium,  and  that  some- 
where in  the  interior  of  the  continent  was  to  be  the  New  Jerusalem. 

They  drew  about  them  a  small  following,  and  a  church  was  first  regularly 
organized  at  Manchester,  N.  Y.,  April  6,  1830.  This  consisted  chiefiy  of 
Smith's  family  and  associates,  and  some  who  had  previously  followed  Rigdon's 
preaching.     This  they  called  the  Church  of  the  Latter-Day  Saints. 

A  year  later.  Smith,  who  seems  to  have  been  of  a  restless,  aggressive  nature, 
guided,  as  he  professed,  by  celestial  visions,  led  his  band  of  believers  to  Kirt- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  321 

land,  Ohio,  which  was  to  be  the  new  Zion.  Here  converts  were  drawn  to  them 
in  such  numbers  that  it  was  not  long  before  they  felt  the  need  of  greater  scope, 
and  it  was  decided  again  to  change  their  locality. 

Smith  and  Rigdon  were  sent  out  to  reconnoiter  for  a  suitable  place,  and 
they  finally  fixed  upon  Independence,  Jackson  County,  Mo.,  where,  after  choos- 
ing and  dedicating  a  site  for  a  temple  to  be  erected  in  the  future  by  the  saints, 
they  returned  to  Kirtland.  They  had  yet  far  too  little  money  with  which  to 
carry  out  their  plans,  and  they  proposed  to  spend  five  years  in  making  it, 
before  launching  out  in  their  project.  They,  therefore,  established  a  mill,  a 
store  and  a  bank,  which  was  without  a  charter,  and  of  which  Smith  was  Presi- 
dent and  Rigdon,  Cashier.  It  was  not  long  before  the  country  was  flooded 
with  notes  of  a  doubtful  character,  and  that,  with  some  other  business  transac- 
tions of  a  dubious  nature,  so  incensed  the  people  that  on  the  night  of  March 
22,  1832,  the  two  prophets  were  dragged  unceremoniously  from  their  beds  and 
tarred  and  feathered. 

However,  this  stigma  upon  their  fame  was  easily  removed,  as  Smith  had 
another  vision,  in  which  the  angels  declared  their  sins,  as  well  as  the  transgres- 
sions of  another  prominent  leader,  Frederick  G.  Williams,  forgiven ;  and  these 
latter  two  were  anointed  as  equals  to  Smith,  and  the  three  were  jointly  made 
Presidents  over  the  Church.     This  was  styled  the  First  Presidency. 

It  was  at  this  period  of  the  history  of  the  Saints  that  Brigham  Young 
became  connected  with  them  ;  and,  almost  from  the  first,  his  shrewdness  of 
character  and  his  leading  business  qualities  made  him  a  man  of  rule.  He  was 
soon  ordained  an  Elder,  and  at  the  end  of  three  years,  when  the  quorum  of  the 
Twelve  Apostles  was  instituted,  he  was  made  one  of  them,  and  Avas  sent  out 
with  the  rest  to  preach.  He  was,  at  this  time,  34  years  old,  and  proved  very 
successful  in  drawing  converts  into  the  fold. 

Meantime,  a  large  and  costly  temple  had  been  in  the  process  of  construction 
at  Kirtland,  which  was  dedicated  in  1836,  and,  a  year  later,  Orson  Hyde  and 
Heber  C.  Kimball,  who  had  been  a  Mormon  member  for  five  years,  were  sent 
out  to  England  as  missionaries. 

From  the  time  of  this  initiatory  missionary  work,  the  Mormon  policy  has 
been  to  evangelize,  and  their  ranks  have  been  largely  recruited  from  the  work- 
ing classes  of  Great  Britain — chiefly  Wales — as  well  as,  in  some  degree,  from 
Norway,  SAveden,  Germany  and  Switzerland.  Later,  an  "emigration  fund," 
was  established,  and  a  thoroughly  systematized  plan  of  importing  foreign  con- 
verts was,  and  is  still,  successfully  carried  out. 

In  1838,  the  Kirtland  Bank  failed,  and  Smith  &  Rigdon,  already  under  a 
ban,  fled  in  the  night  to  escape  the  resentments  of  the  people,  and  took  refuge 
in  far  west  Missouri,  their  creditors  giving  hot  chase. 

In  this  State,  large  numbers  of  Mormons  had  collected  from  various  quarters, 
but,  as  a  people,  were  in  constant  conflict  Avith  their  neighbors,  by  whom  they 
were  charged  Avith  every  kind  of  violation  of  law,  plundering,  incendiarism,  and 
even  with  secret  assassinations.  They  had  been  driven  from  place  to  place  by  out- 
raged bands  of  residents,  and  even  in  this  last  refuge.  Far  West,  they  were  at 
continual  war  Avith  the  Missourians,  and  at  last  fell  to  quarreling  with  each  other. 

Some  of  the  leaders  forsook  Smith,  and  accused  him  of  grave  crimes.  In 
October,  1838,  Thomas  B.  March,  President  of  the  Taa^cIvc  Apostles,  and  Orson 
Hyde,  another  of  the  Twelve,  made  the  following  affidavit  before  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  in  Ray  County,  Missouri  : 

"  The  plan  of  said  Smith,  the  Prophet,  is  to  take  this  State ;  and  he  pro- 
fesses to  his  people  to  intend  taking  the  United  States,  and,  ultimately,  the 


322  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

whole  world.  This  is  the  belief  of  the  Church.  The  Prophet  inculcates  the 
notion  :  and  it  is  believed  by  ever}'  true  Mormon,  that  Smith's  prophecies  are 
superior  to  the  law  of  tiie  land.  We  have  heard  the  Prophet  say  that  he  would 
yet  tread  down  his  enemies  and  walk  over  their  dead  bodies ;  that,  if  he  was 
not  let  alone,  he  would  be  a  second  Mahomet  to  this  generation,  and  that  he 
would  make  it  one  gore  of  blood  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean." 

This  menacing  spirit  aroused  a  great  excitement  against  the  Mormons,  and 
the  conflict  soon  assumed  the  grave  proportions  of  a  civil  war.  The  Mormons 
fortified  their  towns,  the  militia  of  the  State  was  called  out,  and  Smith  and 
Rigdon  were  arrested,  charged  with  treason,  murder  and  felony.  As  the  troops 
were  greatly  in  excess  of  the  Mormons,  the  latter  were  forced  to  yield,  and 
promised  to  leave  the  country.  Several  thousand  of  them  crossed  the  Missis- 
sippi into  Illinois,  where  Smith  followed  them,  having  broken  out  of  prison  to 
do  so.  An  extract  from  the  Message  of  the  Governor  of  Missouri  at  this  time 
will  explain  the  character  of  the  occurrences  that  resulted  in  the  expulsion  of 
the  Mormons  from  that  State  : 

••  These  people  had  violated  the  laws  of  the  land  by  open  and  avowed  resist- 
ance to  them  ;  they  had  undertaken,  without  the  aid  of  the  civil  authority,  to 
redress  their  real  or  fancied  grievances ;  they  had  instituted  among  themselves 
a  government  of  their  own,  independent  of  and  in  opposition  to  the  govern- 
ment of  this  State ;  they  had,  at  an  inclement  season  of  the  year,  driven  the 
inhabitants  of  an  entire  county  from  their  homes,  ravaged  their  crops  and 
destroyed  their  dwellings.  Under  these  circumstances,  it  became  the  imperious 
<luty  of  the  Executive  to  interpose  and  exercise  the  power  with  which  he  was 
invested  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  our  citizens,  to  restore  order  and 
tranquillity  to  the  country  and  maintain  the  supremacy  of  the  laws." 

The  Mormons  met  with  cordial  treatment  from  the  people  of  Commerce,  Car- 
thage County,  111.,  where  they  had  taken  refuge.  This  pleasant  change  in  their 
neighborly  affairs  caused  Smith  to  have  another  vision,  in  which,  as  a  people, 
they  were  directed  to  establish  themselves  at  Commerce  and  build  a  city,  which 
should  be  called  Nauvoo.  A  considerable  tract  of  land  Avas  presented  to  Smith 
to  encourage  settlement,  and  this  he  divided  up  and  sold  to  his  adherents  at 
large  prices,  and  that,  together  with  other  successful  speculations,  soon  swelled 
his  fortunes  into  upward  of  $100,000. 

Nauvoo  soon  grew  into  a  village  of  several  thousand  inhabitants,  and  a  vis- 
ion of  the  Prophet  commanded  all  followers  of  the  faith  to  assemble  there  and 
build  a  costly  temple. 

A  charter  was  granted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  conferring  most  as- 
tonishing civil  powers  upon  Smith  and  Rigdon.  They  were  authorized  to  organ- 
ize a  military  body,  which  they  did,  calling  it  the  "Nauvoo  Legion,"  of  which 
Smith  was  commander,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  General. 

In  addition  to  this,  he  was  first  President  of  the  Church  and  Mayor  of 
Nauvoo,  and  by  his  own.  revelations  he  was  made  "  Seer,  Translator,  Prophet, 
Apostle  of  Jesus  Christ  and  Elder  of  the  Church,"  and  his  authority,  both  civil 
and  religious,  was  unrestricted. 

He  laid  the  foundations  of  the  temple  with  great  pomp  and  ceremony;  and 
the  faithful  were  not  only  called  upon  to  contribute  funds  to  its  erection,  but 
were  obliged  to  labor  upon  it  every  tenth  day. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  Smith,  having  been  guilty  of  enticing  various 
women  from  the  right  path,  and  having  aroused  Mrs.  Smith's  jealousy,  received 
a  revelation  from  heaven  authorizing  the  taking  of  numerous  wives.     This  made 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  323 

a  great  scandal,  as  the  Book  of  Mormon  expressly  prohibited  it ;  and  it  was  ten 
years  before,  as  a  sect,  they  openly  adopted  polygamy. 

Some  of  the  Mormons,  resisting  this  debauchery  on  the  part  of  Smith,  es- 
tablished a  paper  called  the  '■^Expositor,''  in  which  they  denounced  him  without 
stint.  Smith  thereupon,  with  a  party  of  his  adherents,  summarily  destroyed 
the  office  with  its  contents.  Dr.  Foster,  its  publisher,  and  William  Law,  his 
assistant,  were  obliged  to  flee,  and  they  took  refuge  at  the  county  seat,  where 
they  obtained  warrants  against  Joseph  and  Hyrum  Smith,  his  brother,  and  six- 
teen others. 

The  Constable  who  served  the  warrants  was  driven  out  of  Nauvoo.  The 
militia  Avas  called  out  and  a  civil  war  impended,  when  the  Smiths  were  per- 
suaded to  give  themselves  up  and  take  their  trial.  They  were  removed  to  the 
jail  at  Carthage,  and  a  guard  appointed  over  them  for  their  protection. 

On  the  evening  of  June  2Tth,  a  mob,  mostly  of  Missourians,  attacked  the 
jail,  overpowered  the  guard  and  fired  with  rifles  upon  the  prisoners  through  the 
door.  Hyrum  Smith  was  instantly  killed,  and  Joseph,  after  returning  the  fire 
until  he  had  emptied  his  revolver,  was  shot  dead. 

This  caused  intense  confusion  and  excitement  among  his  people  for  a  time, 
and  the  leadership  was  disputed,  Rigdon  aspiring  to  it,  but  Brigham  Young 
achieving  it. 

The  next  year,  the  State  of  Illinois  repealed  the  charter  of  Nauvoo,  and 
the  Saints  then  turned  their  faces  toward  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa,  was  the  temporary  resort  of  many,  those  remaining  at  Nauvoo  keeping 
up  continual  strife  with  the  surrounding  people,  until  in  September  of  the  same 
year,  after  a  three-days  siege,  they  were  finally  driven  out  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet. 

Straggling  parties  of  refugees  crossed  the  plains  at  intervals,  and  Brigham 
Young  arrived  there  in  1847,  the  main  body  of  the  Mormons  following  in  May, 
1848. 

The  name  of  Deseret,  signifying  "  The  Land  of  the  Honey  Bee,"  was  given 
to  the  State  which  they  organized.  They  framed  a  Constitution  and  sent  it  to 
Washington,  but  the  General  Government  refused  to  recognize  it  as  a  State. 
It  was  made  into  a  Territory,  with  the  name  of  Utah,  and  President  Fillmore 
appointed  Brigham  Young  as  its  first  Governor. 

The  part  played  by  the  Mormons  in  the  history  of  this  county  is  merely 
incidental,  and  illustrates  the  theory  of  accident  to  which  we  alluded  at  the 
opening  of  this  chapter.  Had  chance  led  the  straggling  band  into  some  other 
sections,  there  would  now  be  no  association  of  the  name  of  Mormonism  with  the 
presence  of  white  men  in  Marshall  County.  As  it  was,  a  brief  page  is  devoted 
to  that  subject ;  but  it  is  one  upon  which  more  physical  suff'ering  is  recorded 
than  any  that  relates  to  the  subsequent  introduction  of  actual  settlers.  Its  full 
record  cannot  be  made,  for  none  of  the  participants  in  the  events  of  those  fear- 
ful times  now  live  to  tell  of  the  hardships  of  the  Winter  of  1847.  The  record 
left  behind  them  was  not  written  on  perishable  paper  by  ink  that  vanishes,  but 
is  carved  in  lasting  symbols  on  the  hillsides  by  the  river. 

Two  of  the  fleeing  band  came  to  the  county  after  the  departure  of  the  main 
body  of  Mormons ;  but  those  men  were  reticent  at  the  time  as  to  the  events  of 
those  days,  and  have  long  since  removed  beyond  the  inquiring  reach  of  the 
historian.  All  that  can  be  gathered  to-day  from  those  who  onc*^  conversed  with 
the  last  of  the  party  is  here  recited.  The  men  referred  to  are  Voris  and  Gor- 
don, neither  of  whom  wintered  here.  They  came  to  Marshall  County  from  Iowa 
City. 


324  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

After  the  death  of  Smith,  at  Nauvoo,  Brigham  Young  assumed  command 
of  the  Mormons.  It  may  be  true  that  he  had  more  knowledge  of  the  causes 
■w'hifh  led  to  the  overthrow  of  the  house  of  Smith  and  his  own  elevation  to 
j)Ower  than  he  cared  to  divulge.  Be  that  as  it  may — whether  or  not  his  own 
ambitious  scheming  produced  the  outbreak  of  the  people,  by  the  misrepresenta- 
tion of  the  motives  and  actions  of  Smith,  and  created  a  feeling  of  enmity  toward 
the  sect,  with  the  deliberate  intention  of  instituting  a  government,  with  himself 
at  the  head — it  is  historic  fact  that  the  Smiths  were  deprived  of  office  and 
power  by  violent  death,  and  that  Young  assumed  the  leadership. 

The  events  at  Nauvoo  necessitated  the  departure  of  the  Mormons  from  the 
settled  part  of  the  United  States  to  a  region  remote  from  the  presence  of  the 
law ;  for  in  no  other  locality  could  Young  develop  and  maintain  the  grand 
project  with  which  his  mind  was  weighted. 

Far  beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  the  unexplored  regions  of  the  West, 
lay  the  land  of  safety,  of  immunity  from  law  and  of  absolute  freedom  to  him- 
self. The  apparent  inaccessibility  of  that  country,  and  the  expectation  that  it 
would  never  be  occupied  by  civilized  man  as  an  abiding  place,  confirmed  Young 
in  his  intent  to  reach  the  valley  west  of  the  mountains.  Wise  as  he  was  and 
foreseeing  in  his  wisdom.  Young  could  not  discern  the  miraculous  development 
of  the  West  during  the  quarter  of  a  century  succeeding  the  erection  of  his 
empire.  He  builded  Avell,  but  his  edifice  was  constructed  of  error  and  crime. 
It  lacked  the  elements  of  stability. 

From  the  instant  of  the  inception  of  his  grand  yet  erroneous  plan.  Young 
encountered  difficulties  gigantic  enough  to  intimidate  a  less  heroic  spirit.  The 
Mormons  were  expelled  from  their  resting  place  at  Nauvoo  in  a  penniless  condi- 
tion, so  far  as  the  masses  were  concerned.  They  were  poor  in  purse,  ignorant 
and  unsuited  to  self-government.  They  were  unprepared  for  a  long  and  weari- 
some march  over  the  country.  But  the  edict  had  gone  forth,  and  the  faithful 
were  compelled  to  obey.^  The  timid  members  of  the  society  were  coerced  and 
driven  into  obedience  by  the  Elders.  Those  few  who  refused  to  accompany 
the  expedition — among  them  Mrs.  Joseph  Smith,  who  remained  at  Nauvoo — 
were  subjected  to  indignities  of  all  kinds. 

The  order  was  for  the  society  to  separate  into  several  bands  and  make  their 
way  toward  the  Missouri  River,  at  Council  Bluffs.  This  method  of  exodus 
was  adopted  because  of  the  scarcity  of  provisions,  and  it  was  feared  that  the 
bands  would  perish  of  hunger  if  they  travelel  together  in  large  numbers.  The 
country  was  uncultivated,  and  dependence  would  have  to  be  placed  upon  such 
forage  as  the  native  woods  and  fields  supplied. 

One  of  these  bands  reached  Marshall  County  in  the  Winter  of  1846-7,  and 
was  obliged  to  go  into  permanent  quarters  until  the  opening  of  Spring.  With- 
out shelter  or  means  of  erecting  cabins,  the  company  was  in  a  most  distressing 
condition.  It  is  impossible  to  give  a  statement  of  the  exact  number  of  this 
party,  but  Judge  W.  C.  Smith  was  informed  by  one  of  the  Mormons,  who  for- 
sook the  company  at  Iowa  City  and  came  to  this  county  in  1848,  that  at  least 
one  thousand  men,  women  and  children  encamped  here. 

The  site  chosen  by  them  is  now  known  as  Mormon  Ridge,  and  is  on  th& 
Iowa  River,  northwest  of  Marshalltown.  There  the  party  dug  caves  in  the 
hillsides,  which  served  as  rude  resting  places  for  the  sick  and  feeble.  Delicate, 
misguided  women  were  there  confined  by  the  score,  the  babes  usually  dying 
from  lack  of  nourishment  and  from  exposure,  while  the  poor  mothers  suffered  a 
no  less  terrible  fate.  It  is  impossible  to  portray  the  real  condition  of  affairs, 
but  it  recjuires  no  very  vivid  imagination  to  conceive  of  the  misery  of  that  en- 


HISTORY'  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  S25 

campment.  Far  from  human  aid,  ostracized  by  man,  driven  forth  from  civil- 
ized community  and  bearing  the  brand  of  disgrace,  these  poor  wretclies  were 
forced  to  endure  actual  privations  that  took  them  down  to  death's  door,  with 
no  loving  hand  to  close  their  eyelids  or  give  them  Christian  burial.  The  com- 
pany was  not  only  in  suffering  and  want,  it  was  also  in  slavery.  The  tyranny 
of  the  leaders  was  equaled  by  nothing  save  that  which  characterized  the  op- 
pression of  the  African  slave.  Escape  was  impossible,  because  of  the  watch- 
fulness of  those  who  had  at  heart  the  desire  to  exercise  dominion  over  a 
benighted  faction  in  the  Far  West. 

In  tius  manner  the  Winter  dragged  slowly  by.  When  Spring  began  to 
render  wild  life  more  endurable,  those  who  remained  of  the  company  were 
taken  to  Iowa  City  by  Government  teams  sent  to  their  relief,  and  from  that 
point  continued  their  journey  westward.  Soon  there  were  no  traces  of 
the  camp  except  the  new-made  graves,  the  caverns,  the  stripped  elm  trees 
and  the  debris  of  a  Winter's  resting  place  by  a  filthy  band  of  ignorant 
people. 

The  greatest  suffering  endured  was  occasioned  by  the  lack  of  food  and  of 
suitable  clothing.  The  small  stores  accumulated  before  leaving  the  outposts  of 
civilization  were  soon  exhausted,  and  reliance  had  to  be  made  upon  the  capture 
of  such  game  as  roamed  over  the  prairies  in  Winter.  Large  numbers  of  deer 
and  elk,  and  some  buffalo,  were  slaughtered  for  food ;  but  the  exclusive  use  of 
game  flesh  is  a  diet  at  once  repugnant  and  dangerous.  There  were  no  vegeta- 
ble substances  within  reach,  except  the  bark  of  elm  trees,  and  this  was  used 
largely  as  a  substitute  for  breadstuff's.  Imagine  the  impossibility  of  sustain- 
ing the  life  of  a  mother  and  new-born  child  upon  such  food.  No  wonder, 
surely,  that  the  mortality  of  the  band  was  enormous. 

The  history  of  the,  company  prior  to  reaching  Council  Bluffs,  in  the  Spring 
of  1848,  is  no  less  obscure  than  that  of  the  Winter  time.  The  journey  was 
made  on  foot,  as  it  was  all  the  way  to  Utah,  many  of  the  company  dragging 
hand-carts  laden  Avith  goods.  An  aunt  of  Mrs.  V.'.  C.  Smith  was  one  of  the 
general  band  which  went  across  the  plains  in  184b,  jilthoiigh  not  one  of 
those  who  wintered  here.  The  woman  attempted  to  escape  several  times,  but 
was  prevented.  Her  name  was  Nancy  Ott  She  drew  a  hand-cart  from  Coun- 
cil Bluffs  to  Salt  Lake  City.  Many  incidents  of  this  kind  might  be  related, 
but  enough  has  been  said  to  give  an  idea  of  the  character  of  the  original  pres- 
ence in  this  county  of  white  men  and  women. 

The  first  so-called  religious  services  ever  held  in  Marshall  County  were  ob- 
served by  these  Mormons ;  but  we  shrink  from  according  to  these  mistaken  peo- 
ple the  title  of  worshipers.  We  do  this  from  no  sense  of  bigotry,  but  because 
tyranny  seems  to  us  to  be  incompatible  with  the  worship  of  God. 

The  two  men  who  came  to  this  county  after  the  departure  of  the  Mormons, 
were  George  W.  Voris  and  Thomas  Gordon.  Both  were  men  high  in  the  coun- 
cils of  the  sect.  The  cause  of  their  disaffection  was  never  known,  but  was 
probably  the  result  of  a  quarrel  or  disagreement  among  the  leaders.  At  all 
events,  the  party  moved  on  and  these  two  men  remained  behind. 

Gordon  settled  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  William  Arney,  in  Iowa  Town- 
ship. He  afterward  sold  this  place  and  bought  the  Archibald  demons  farm,  in 
Marion  Township.  Becoming  frightened  over  the  prospect  of  the  return  of  the 
Pottawatomie  Indians,  Gordon  went  away  from  the  county,  and  was  absent  a 
year  or  two.  He  then  returned  and  finally  engaged  in  mercantile  business  at 
Steamboat  Rock,  Hardin  County.  At  last  accounts  he  was  living  in  Cedar 
Falls. 


■^,'2Q  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

\oy\s  became  interested  in  the  village  of  La  Fayette  (later  called  Albion), 
shortly  after  its  survey  in  1852.  He  soon  sold  out  and  removed  to  Monona 
Co.,  Iowa,  where  he  made  a  farm.     In  1862-63,  he  moved  to  Colorado. 

Neither  of  these  men  believed  in  polygamy,  and  they  were  honorable  in  their 
dealings  with  their  fellow-men.  They  evidently  left  the  Mormon  band  because 
thev  could  not  indorse  the  actions  of  the  leaders,  while  they  still  retained 
their  belief  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Book  of  Mormon. 


SETTLEMENT  OF  THE  COUNTY. 

It  is  a  generally  conceded  fact  that  the  first  white  settler  in  the  county  was 
Joseph  C.  Davidson,  who  made  a  claim  in  the  Summer  of  1847.  He  chose  a 
location  in  the  present  Township  of  Le  Grand,  on  land  now  known  as  the  M. 
1.  Willitts  farm.  Davidson  was  married  and  was  the  father  of  a  family.  His 
w^fc  came  with  him  and  shared  the  privations  of  pioneer  life,  if  either  of  them 
really  comprehended  what  privation  meant.  It  seems  as  though  what  would 
nowadays  be  actual  suffering  to  most  people,  was  to  them  a  species  of  enjoy- 
ment. Davidson  was  a  nomadic  fellow,  who" illustrates  well  the  current  story  of 
the  man  who  wanted  ''  elbow  room,"  and  moved  farther  west  whenever  a  "  neigh- 
bor "  approached  within  several  miles.  Neither  he  nor  his  family  remain  in 
this  State,  all  having  gone  as  far  as  Oregon  at  last  reports.  Probably  the  wilds 
of  the  extreme  Northwest  are  far  too  civilized  for  him  at  present,  and  he  is,  if 
alive,  longing  for  new  worlds  in  a  more  primitive  condition.  This  man's  name 
has  been  written  Davison,  but  the  official  papers  at  the  Iowa  City  Land  Office 
S[)ell  it  Davidson,  which  method  we  deem  proper,  and  therefore  adopt  it.  The 
first  poll  list  also  shows  his  name  to  have  been  Joseph  C.  Davidson. 

There  is  a  monopoly  of  honor  enjoyed  by  this  pioneer  family.  Not  only 
was  lie  the  first  settler,  but  his  wife  was  the 

FIRST    WHITE    WOMAN 

in  the  county,  and  in  all  human  probability  was  also  the  first  woman  to 
give  birth  to  a  white  child  in  this  locality.  There  is  no  positive  information  in 
existence  on  this  subject ;  but  from  the  numerousness  of  the  family  at  the  date 
of  their  arrival — showing  that  Mrs.  Davidson  was  not  averse  to  the  cares  of 
maternity — the  physical  vigor  of  both  parties,  and  the  lapse  of  several  months 
between  the  coming  of  the  Davidsons  and  the  next  married  settler,  it  may  be 
regarded  as  almost  certain  that  the  worthy  pair  were  the  parents  of 

THE    FIRST    CHILD 

born  in  the  county.  What  adds  to  the  plausibility  of  this  supposition  is  the 
statement  by  an  early  comer  that  one  of  the  youthful  Davidsons  was  very  young 
when  the  pioneer  came  to  the  county.  In  the  absence  of  proof  to  the  contrary, 
we  feel  authorized  to  accord  to  the  Davidsons  the  triple  honor. 

Davidson  was  a  trapper,  and  associated  with  a  man  named  William  Pilgrim. 
The  country  for  many  miles  about  here  formed  the  stamping  grounds  of  these 
two  men,  and  they  were  through  the  valley  of  the  Iowa  many  times  before  the 
settlement  of  Davidson  in  184i. 

Tlie  actual  settlement  of  the  county  began  in  1848.  The  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  Iowa  City  and  the  Dubuque  Land  districts,  the  forty-second  parallel, 
ran  through  the  county  in  such  a  manner  as  to  separate  nearly  into  halves  this  re- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY, 


327 


gion.      The  following  certificate  of  entries  in  the  southern  half  of  the  county  in 
1848,  was  found  among  the  papers  in  the  Auditor's  office : 

List  of  lands  entered  in  the  south  half  of  Marshall  County  from  January  1,  1848,  to  Decem- 
ber 31,  1848,  inclusive: 


Joseph  M.  Ferguson. 

Joseph  Cooper 

Joseph  M.  Ferguson. 


Description . 


S.  W.  ]  of  S.  E.  [.. 

S.  E.  1 

N.  E.  iofN.  E.  i.. 


Section,    Town.     Range.     Acre 


25 

26 
86 


83 
83 
83 


18 
18 
18 


40 

160 

40 


ArmTOR's  Office,  Iowa,  Iowa  City,  February  12,  1849. 
This  is  to  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  correct  copy  of  a  list  of  land  entered  in  the  south 
half  of  Marshall  County  during  the  year  1848.  as  certified   to  me  by  the  proper  officer  of  the 
Land  Office  at  Iowa  City.  Jos.  T.  Fales,  Auditor  of  S>ate. 

These  were  the  tirst  entries  made  in  the  county,  and  were  dated  in  May, 
1848,  although  the  certificate  does  not  show  the  date. 

This  return  was  made  for  purposes  of  assessment.  The  north  half  of  the 
county  is  not  returned  in  this  way,  but  from  the  abstract  books,  we  find  that 
there  were  entries  made  at  Dubuque  as  follows  : 


Purchaser. 

Description. 

Section. 

Town. 

Range. 

Acres. 

Elkhanah  P  Bush 

S.  E.  1 
N.  W.  i 

34 

28 

85 

85 

19 
19 

160 

Jesse  Amos 

160 

These  entries  were  made  June  23d  and  July  11th,  respectively,,  and  while 
they  do  not  establish  the  date  of  the  arrival  and  actual  settlement  of  these  pio- 
neers, they  may  be  accepted  as  nearly  simultaneous,  if  the  memory  of  man  is  not 
at  fault. 

Of  these  four  men,  the  two  first  named,  Messrs.  Ferguson  and  Cooper,  were 
Kentuckians  by  birth,  but  more  recently  from  Indiana.  They  first  settled  near 
Newton,  Jasper  County,  but  left  there  after  about  a  year's  residence,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  Marshall  to  take  up  residence  on  claims  made  a  month  prior  to  that 
time.  They  brought  with  them  a  party  consisting  of  William  C.  Smith,  Will- 
iam Springer,  and  others.  The  original  exploring  party  in  March,  1848,  con- 
sisted of  Joseph  Cooper,  D.  E.  Cooper,  Dr.  E.  B.  Bush,  John  Campbell  and  J. 
M.  Ferguson. 

The  little  band  moved  northward  from  Jasper,  for  the  second  time,  in  the 
month  of  April,  1848,  and  came  to  the  shore  of  Timber  Creek,  in  this  county, 
after  a  pleasant  trip.  There,  by  the  blaze  of  a  huge  fire,  they  made  merry  and 
laughed  at  the  discomforts  of  the  hour.  They  all  possessed  the  true  spirit  of 
the  pioneer. 

On  the  6th  day  of  April,  1848,  the  first  log  was  cut  for  the  beginning  of  a 
new  settlement.  This  was  the  second  stroke  toward  civilization  ever  made  in 
the  county,  the  crude  cabin  of  the  first  settler,  Davidson,  being  the  first  house 
erected.  Two  log  cabins  arose  speedily  under  the  willing  Avork  of  the  party, 
and  the  air  of  comfort  was  imparted  to  them  by  the  erection  of  large  chimneys. 
The  two  families.  Cooper  and  Ferguson,  were  not  long  in  taking  up  quarters  at 
the  new  farms  in  the  beautiful  valley.  John  Campbell,  then  a  young  man,  came 
and  boarded  with  his  friend  Mr,  Ferguson.  He  aided  in  breaking  the  prairie 
and  joined  Mr.  F.  in  his  farm  work. 

The  land  entries  do  not  show  the  full  list  of  settlers  in  1848,  a."  many  of 
them  came  on  and  made  claims  prior  to  locating  their  lands.     Before  the  loca- 


.;:>8  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

cion  of  land  by  Bush  and  Amos,  but  not  before  they  had  come  to  Marshall 
County,  several  other  men  made  their  claims  in  the  northern  half  of  the  county. 

In  March,  1848,  Philip  Ballard,  Shelton  Gear  and  Alexander  Gear,  settled 
on  the  Iowa  River,  in  what  is  Iowa  Township.  Shortly  afterward,  William  and 
John  Ballard  came  and  settled  near  the  otliers.  The  same  Spring,  Washington 
Asher  settled  on  the  land  now  the  farm  of  Thomas  Swearengen,  near  Albion, 
and  James  ^Miller  located  in  what  is  now  Liscomb  Township.  John  Duke  and 
Thomas  Gordon  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  William  Ballard,  in  the  Fall  of  1848. 
William  C.  Smith,  joined  the  party  with  which  he  came  first  to  Marshall  County, 
and  in  the  Summer  of  1848,  located  on  the  middle  branch  of  Timber  Creek. 

An  incident  of  the  first  year  is  related  by  Judge  Smith,  which  illustrates 
the  lonesomeness  of  the  settlement  made  by  Ferguson  and  Cooper,  on  Timber 
Creek  : 

••This  quiet  little  settlement  was  soon  disturbed  by  threats  of  the  Indians  of 
the  Musquaka  and  Pottawatomie  tribes,  ])arts  of  which  had  left  the  quarters 
assigned  to  them  ia  Missouri,  and  made  their  way  back  to  Iowa,  from  whence 
thev  were  removed  in  1843.  This  little  band  of  the  white  race  left  their  homes 
through  their  dread  of  the  tomahawk  and  scalp ing-knife  of  the  redskins,  and 
returned  to  Jasper  County,  remaining  there  six  weeks,  when  they  returned  to 
their  homes,  the  most  of  the  Indians  having  left. 

•'During  the  absence  of  these  families,  William  C.  Smith,  A.  J.  Smith  and 
Joseph  Cooper  came  from  the  settlement  near  Newton,  in  Jasper  County,  and 
broke  prairie  south  of  Timber  Creek  Grove.  While  thus  engaged,  one  evening 
near  sundown,  they  saw  two  persons  on  horseback  advancing  to  meet  them, 
supposed  to  be  Indians ;  but  on  coming  up,  one  of  the  party  proved  to  be  Enoch 
Eastman,  now  ex-Gov.  Eastman;  the  name  of  his  partner  is  not  now  remembered. 
These  were  welcomed  to  the  hospitalities  of  the  pioneers.  In  those  days,  it  took 
but  a  few  minutes  to  make,  as  it  were,  old  acquaintances,  old  neighbors  and 
strong  friends.  Two  or  three  hours  from  their  first  meeting,  these  parties 
might  be  seen  by  the  fireside  of  our  old  friend,  Joseph  Cooper,  feasting  on 
johnny-cake,  roast  potatoes  and  wild  honey,  laughing  in  the  familiar  style  of 
old  friends  who  had  been  long  parted  and  met  again,  wdien  but  a  few  hours  pre- 
vious they  were  entire  strangers.  In  the  morning,  Enoch  and  his  partner  left 
for  the  big  woods  in  Hardin  County,  rejoicing." 

In  the  Autumn  of  1848.  large  bodies  of  Indians  of  the  Musquaka  and 
Pottawatomie  tribes,  collected  in  various  parts  of  the  county.  This  was  des- 
tined to  >be  a  severe  Winter  upon  the  pioneers,  so  heavy  was  the  fall  of  snow. 
To  begin  with,  late  in  November  a  severe  storm  left  thera  with  snow  three  feet 
in  depth ;  and,  added  to  that,  during  the  Winter,  there  were  frequent  lighter 
falls,  which,  with  occasional  thawing  and  freezing,  made  travel  impossible. 
Their  stores  of  provisions  were  none  too  abundant  at  the  outset ;  and  when  it 
came  to  be  impossible  to  get  to  town  or  to  mill,  they  were  like  people  in  a  state 
of  siege,  obliged  to  resort  to  all  kinds  of  expedients  to  eke  out  their  scanty 
supplies  and  to  sustain  life.  They  had  corn  on  the  cob,  and  this  was  boiled  and 
grated  to  make  their  meal ;  they  had  salt  pork,  and,  for  sweetmeats,  wild 
honey.  T(tbacco  chewers  used,  in  place  of  their  fiivorite  weed,  the  bark  of  the 
quaking  ash.  which  was  not  to  be  scorned  as  a  substitute.  It  is  necessity,  we 
know,  that  has  brought  to  our  notice  and  use  all  the  good  things  of  life  ;  and 
these  snow-bound  and  deprived  men  and  women  ought  to  have  added,  from  the 
meager  resources  within  their  reach,  some  choice  combination  which  would, 
from  its  excellence,  have  perpetuated  the  patience  of  this  bleak  sojourn  in  the 
wilderness.     But,  as  far  as  we  are  acquainted  with  their  cuisine,  no   ingenious 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


329 


housewife  thought  to  immortalize  herself  in  compounding  honey  and  pork  in 
such  a  way  as  to  have  us  crave  it  at  this  day  as  a  choice  titbit.  So  this  golden 
opportunity,  it  seems,  Avas  lost. 

The  nearest  town  was  Newton,  Jasper  Co.,  from  twenty-five  to  forty  miles 
distant,  no  easy  journey  in  fair  weather  and  with  their  facilities  at  their  best, 
and  the  nearest  mill  was  from  fifty  to  sixty-five  miles  distant.  So  we  can  form 
some  conception  of  their  helpless  and  impoverished  condition.  The  Indians, 
however,  utilized  this  unusual  snow-fall  and  the  heavy  crust  that  was  formed 
upon  it  by  the  alternate  thawing  and  freezing,  by  running  down  upon  their 
snow-shoes  and  killing  hundreds  of  deer,  since  when  there  have  been  very  few 
in  the  country.  At  the  beginning  of  March,  however,  the  heavy  snow  melted, 
and  the  settlers  were  blessed  with  the  earliest  Spring  that  has  been  known  in 
the_  annals  of  this  country. 

The  year  1849  witnessed  very  decided  increase  in  the  population  of  the 
county.  There  were  four  entries  of  land  in  the  Dubuque  District,  or  northern 
half  of  the  county ;  but  these  did  n  )t  represent  the  influx  of  settlers. 

Charles  Miller  entered  the  west  half  of  the  northeast  quarter  and  the  east 
half  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  14,  Township  85,  Range  14,  on  the 
loth  day  of  June,  1849 ;  William  W..  Love  entered  lands  on  Sections  3  and  4, 
Township  84,  Range  20 ;  Hiram  Tyner  selected  lands  on  Section  10,  same 
township,  and  Richard  Lindsay  located  lands  on  Sections  23  and  26,  Township 
85,  Range  20,  all  on  the  2d  day  of  November,  1849.  Thomas  S.  Brown  loca- 
ted the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  13,  Township  84,  Range  18,  on  the  1st 
day  of  November,  1849. 

The  southern  portion  of  the  county  was  the  favorite  section  at  that  time, 
probably  because  of  the  halt  made  there  by  Ferguson  and  Cooper  the  year 
before. 

The  following  certificate  shows  what  entries  were  made  in  that  part  of  the 
•county : 

lAst  of  Land  entered  in  Marshall  County  from  January  1,  1849,  to  December  31,  1849. 


Purchasers. 

Description. 

Sec. 

Town. 

Range. 

Acres. 

lOOths. 

Elias  Hilsabeck 

S.  ^  of  S.  E.  1  and  S.  J  of  S  W.  Fl.  J... 

N.  ^  of  S.  E.  1  and  S.  }  of  N.  E.  \ 

E.  i  of  S.  E.  i  and  S.  W.  i  of  S.  E.  }... 
S.  E.  ^  of  N  E   1  

6 
11 
11 
23 
26 
8.5 
35 
36 
8 
9 

82 
83 
83 
83 
83 
83 
83 
83 
82 
82 

17 
17 
17 
18 
18 
18 
18 
18 
20 
20 

166 

160 

120 

40 

40 

120 

120 

40 

80 

80 

r-,9. 

William  Davidson 

Samuel  Bowman 

■Samuel  Bowman 

Joseph  Cooper 

S.  E.  \  of  S.  W.  } 

Joseph   Cooper 

David  Edward  Cooper... 
David  Edward  Cooper... 
James  Green  Allen 

E.  ^  of  N.  W.  1  and  N.  E.  \  of  S.  W.  \.. 
S.  E.  \  of  N.  E.  J-  and  N.  *  of  S.  E.  }.... 
N.  W.  ^  of  S.  W.  } ' 

E.  i  of  S.  E.  J 

.James  Green  Allen 

W.  ^  of  S.  W.  I 

Total  acres 



966 

52 

Auditob's  Office,  ) 

Iowa  City,  Iowa,  March  15,  1850.  / 
This  is  to  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  list  of  the  lands  entered  in  Mai'shall  County  in  the 
year  1849,  as  certified  by  Jesse  Bovven,  Esq.,  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Iowa  City. 

JosEi'H  T.   Fales,  Auditor  of  State. 

It  has  been  stated  that  William  Davidson  followed  his  brother  and  located 
here  shortly  after  the  original  pioneer  did.  He  may  have  done  so,  but  he  did 
not  enter  the  land  upon  which  he  "squatted,"  to  use  a  Western  phrase,  until 
November  3,  ]  849. 


330  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  region  south  of  the  settlements  in  Le  Grand,  by  the  Davidsons,  and 
in  Timber  Creek,  by  the  Fergusons  and  Coopers,  were  the  only  ones  for  a 
radius  of  many  miles.  Mills  were  no  nearer  than  forty  to  sixty  miles,  and  the 
pioneers  were  compelled  to  resort  to  all  sorts  of  home  inventions  to  prepare 
their  corn  for  food. 

John  Campbell  located  north  of  Timber  Creek,  on  the  stream  now  known 
as  Linn  Creek,  in  1848.  He  joined  William  Asher  in  erecting  a  rude  dam 
across  the  latter  stream,  and  also  in  putting  up  a  "corn  cracker."  The  mill 
thus  attempted  was  exceedingly  crude,  and  was  carried  away  shortly  after  its 
erection,  by  the  sudden  rising  of  the  creek. 

The  site  was  abandoned  as  a  water  power,  and,  in  1849,  Mr.  Asher  and 
Carpenter  Gear  put  up  a  saw  and  grist  mill  on  Timber  Creek,  in  Le  Grand 
Townshij),  on  the  site  of  the  Rock  Valley  Mills.  A  portion  of  the  frame  of 
the  first  mill  still  stands,  inclosed  in  the  newer  structure.  This  mill  was  com- 
pleted in  1851,  and  was  the  first  one  in  the  Iowa  Valley  west  of  Iowa  City. 

Mr.  Asher  removed  to  Hardin  County  some  time  later,  and  there  built,  at  Har- 
din City,  the  mill  known  as  Hayden's  Mill,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  about  1859. 

Mr.  Asher  met  with  a  misfortune  which  resulted  in  his  death,  while  living 
at  Hardin.  He  froze  his  feet  so  badly  as  to  necessitate  amputation,  from  the 
effects  of  which  he  never  rallied.  Mr.  Asher  was  a  fine  specimen  of  the  West- 
ern pioneer,  an  enterprising  man  and  one  highly  esteemed.  He  is  remembered 
by  the  surviving  companions  of  his  life  here  with  kindest  feelings. 

From  the  poll  lists  and  from  the  memory  of  those  who  still  survive,  the  fol- 
lowing list  of  settlers  in  the  county  prior  to  1850  is  prepared.  It  is  probable 
that  others  located  here  as  "  squatters,"  but  no  record  of  them  is  obtainable. 
These  names  are  given  not  as  a  complete  list,  but  as  one  which  approximates  a 
correct  statement : 

Joseph  C.  Davidson  Joseph  M.  Ferguson,  Joseph  Cooper,  Elkhanah  B. 
Bush,  Jesse  Amos,  William  T.  Sherman,  VVilliam  J.  Asher,  John  F.  Campbell, 
David  E.  Cooper,  William  C.  Sm.ith,  William  Ballard,  Washington  Asher, 
John  T.  Duke,  John  Ballard,  John  Coy,  William  Coddington,  William  Peterman, 
Isaac  Asher.  James  Asher,  Joshua  Kemp,  Carpenter  Gear,  Moses  Lacey,  Philip 
Ballard,  G.  W.  Ilalley,  Thomas  Pearson,  Shelton  Gear,  A.  J.  Smith,  William  E. 
Alexander,  Samuel  Davidson,  Blakeley  Brush,  Alvin  Adkins,  James  Miller,  Zeno 
B.  Freeman,  Samuel  Bowman,  William  Ralls,  John  B.  Hobbs,  Terry  Gowing, 
William  McCormick,  Green  Ralls,  Marion  Clifton,  George  Stanley,  Riley 
-Majors,  Arthur  Robinson,  William  Robinson,  John  Arney,  John  Hauser, 
Ayers  Elesberry,  Jacob  Hauser,  John  J.  Ferguson,  John  Smith,  Elias  Hilsa- 
beck,  James  G.  Allen,  Thomas  S.  Brown,  Hiram  Tyner,  Richard  Lindsay,  Will- 
iam W.  Love,  John  Braddy,  Charles  Miller,  William  Davidson,  Lewis  Ketchum, 
Joseph  Long,  Alexander  Bowles,  Mr.  Dean,  Isaac  Myers,  Thomas  Gordon, 
George  W.  Voris. 

THE    FIRST    MARRIAGE    LICENSE 

was  issued  by  David  E.  Cooper,  then  Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  and  bears 
date  in  the  filing  (but  not  dated  in  the  certificate)  November  15,  1849.  The 
certificate  roads  as  follows  : 

Statk  of  Iowa,         ) 

Mahshai.l  ("ointy.  1  *'^' 

Aliiiarion  Gear,  being  duly  sworn,  deposeth  and  says  that  Nancy  Ballard  is  over  18  years 
of  age,  and  that  she  is  a  resident  of  the  county  aforesaid,  and  her  parents  have  given  their  con- 
sent to  her  marriage,  and  further  snyth  not.  Almarion  Geah. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  to  before  me.  D.  E.  Coui'er, 

Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  M.  C,  Iowa. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUIITY.  S31 

The  lady  was  a  daughter  of  Philip  Ballard,  and  the  marriage  was  solemnized 
by  A.  J.  Smith,  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  township  of  Jefferson.  The 
groom  was  a  son  of  Carpenter  Gear.  The  occasion  of  the  wedding  is  reported 
by  those  who  participated  in  the  festivities  as  one  of  the  notable  social  events 
of  pioneer  times.  The  blushing  bride  was  the  recipient  of  attentions  more 
demonstrative  than  agreeable  from  the  merry  guests. 

The  organization  of  the  county  took  place  in  the  Summer  and  Fall  of  1849, 
and  to  this  subject  a  special  chapter  is  devoted  elsewhere. 

The  year  1850  is  a  notable  one  in  the  annals  of  the  county,  because  of  an 

INDIAN    SCARE 

which  then  occurred.  In  the  Spring,  large  numbers  of  Indians  came  pouring 
into  the  county  from  the  reservation  assigned  them  in  Missouri.  In  response 
to  the  proposition  to  return,  the  red  men  grunted :  "  Heap  sick  in  Missouri ; 
Indian  no  live  there ;  Indian  all  die ;  Indian  live  ir;  Iowa  heap  good ;  Indian 
live  long  time  on  Iowa  River." 

The  Davidsons  were  not  favorites  of  the  Indians.  The  encroachment  of 
the  whites  on  their  territory  had  soured  the  natives,  and  the  early  settlers  were 
more  or  less  afraid  of  them.  The  chief  cause  of  the  disturbance  at  the  time 
of  which  we  write  was  the  conduct  of  Samuel  Davidson,  son  of  Joseph.  The 
young  man  made  demonstrations  against  the  aborigines.  Davidson  secretly 
visited  the  camp  of  the  Indians,  during  their  absence,  and  destroyed  consider- 
able of  their  corn  and  camp  property. 

The  Indians  thus  disturbed  were  of  a  mixed  tribal  character.  Part  of 
them  were  of  the  Musquakas,  some  of  the  Pottawatomies  and  a  portion  of  the 
Winnebagoes.  All  were  hostile  to  the  bloody  Sioux,  and  feared  them  with 
intense  fear.  Had  the  outraged  Indians  been  of  the  warlike  Sioux,  the  acts  of 
the  Davidsons  would  undoubtedly  have  resulted  in  the  entire  extermination  of 
the  white  men  in  Marshall  County.  As  it  was,  a  feeling  of  cowardice  appears 
to  have  governed  them.  The  unwarranted  action  of  young  Davidson  in 
destroying  the  Indian  camp,  fortunately,  did  not  affect  the  temper  of  the 
Indians  beyond  a  desire  to  have  revenge  upon  the  perpetrators  of  the  cruel 
deed. 

When  the  Indians  returned  to  camp  and  beheld  their  loss,  they  at  once 
proceeded  to  the  white  settlements  and  vented  a  degree  of  spite  on  innocent 
men.  Mr.  Campbell  suffered  in  the  loss  of  some  of  his  stock,  and  Mrs.  Ralls 
and  other  women  were  badly  frightened.  The  whites  concluded  that  a 
massacre  was  imminent,  and  that  defensive  measures  were  imperative.  To 
this  end  they  assembled  and  petitioned  to  Maj.  Wood,  of  Fort  Dodge,  for  aid. 
The  Major  responded  that  he  could  render  no  assistance,  and  that  the  settlers 
must  protect  themselves  as  best  they  could,  or  leave  the  country.  As  they  had 
made  considerable  improvement  on  their  farms,  the  pioneers  had  no  idea  of 
abandoning  their  homes,  and  at  once  set  about  erecting  a  fort,  or  stockade,  in 
which  to  gather  until  the  danger  was  past. 

The  Indians  were  reported  to  be  very  hostile,  and  wild  rumors  were  set 
afloat  respecting  the  conduct  of  the  braves  near  Indiantown,  their  headquartei's 
in  the  adjoining  county  of  Tama. 

There  were  some  1,500  warriors,  and  they  became  very  saucy  and  threaten- 
ing. Some  of  their  number  one  day  went  to  Mr.  John  Campbell's  claim,  killed 
some  of  his  hogs,  pointed  their  guns  at  him  in  a  very  alarming  fashion  and 
drove  off  his  stock.  They  had  war  dances,  and  were  on  the  war  path  every  day, 
armed   and  painted  for  the  fight,  which  it  was  evident  would  be  brought  about 


332  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

<;)n  the  least  provocation.  As  a  natural  result  of  this,  terror  reigned  in  every 
white  family. 

The  settlers  on  the  south  side  of  the  Iowa  River  united  in  a  petition  to 
Major  Wood,  of  Fort  Dodge,  for  help,  who  answered  by  saying  he  could  spare 
no  troops  then,  and  that  they  must  either  remove  from  the  vicinity  or  protect 
themselves.  Some  tried  to  hire  the  Indians  to  leave,  but  were  not  successful — 
thev  preferring  the  Iowa  climate  to  the  less-iiealthy  one  of  Missouri. 

In  the  midst  of  this  alarm.  Major  Williams,  who  had  been  ordered  to  remove 
these  Indians  to  their  proper  quarters  in  Missouri,  sent  word  to  the  inhabitants 
that  the  probabilities  were,  that  in  order  to  get  the  Indians  to  leave,  he  would 
have  to  move  on  there  with  his  troops,  and  in  that  event,  the  Indians  would 
probably  avenge  themselves  by  scattering  and  murdering  the  inhabitants. 

At  this  intelligence  the  settlers  rendezvoused  not  far  from  Mr.  Robinson's 
house  to  devise  means  for  safety  ;  and  John  Braddy  and  Greenbury  Ralls 
were  dispatched  after  ammunition.  The  rest  counseled  together,  and  while 
some  advocated  returning  to  the  more  closely  populated  parts  of  the  State,  yet, 
as  it  was  in  June  and  in  the  very  midst  of  crop-growing,  all  finally  agreed  that 
to  abandon  the  settlement  now  was  to  give  up  everything  to  the  Indians,  and 
so  it  was  decided  that  their  best  measure  was  to  erect  a  stockade  fort  in  which 
they  could  take  shelter. 

So  the  fort  was  made.  It  was  ninety  feet  square,  built  of  puncheons — 
driven  like  piles  into  the  ground,  so  that  the  walls  were  about  ten  feet  high — 
and  was  called  Fort  Robinson.  It  was  begun  June  11th,  and  was  finished  in  a 
few  days.  In  it  some  twenty-four  families  took  refuge,  making  their  preparations 
to  spend  the  Summer  there,  and  leaving  their  growing  crops  outside  to  the  pos- 
sible tender  mercies  of  the  Musquakas. 

They  brouglit  in  their  furniture,  bedding  and  provisions,  but  kept  the  cattle 
upon  the  outside.  Once  settled  there,  the  ladies  busied  themselves  with  patch- 
ing their  husband's  coats  and  with  other  domestic  duties  ;  and  as  there  were 
thirty  children  to  be  looked  after,  it  is  not  supposable  that  any  of  them  sufiered 
from  ennui. 

Their  tents  were  made  of  wagon  covers  and  old  quilts ;  they  had  a  few 
"  chunk  "  fires  in  common  ;  each  family  had  its  own  table,  and,  withal,  there 
Avas  never  a  lack  of  something  to  do.  Some  of  the  meat  was  kept  at  Mr. 
Robinson's  smoke  house,  as  was  also  the  milk  and  butter. 

The  names  of  the  families  who  thus  joined  together  to  protect  themselves, 
were:  Wm.  C.  Smith,  John  Campbell,  A,  J.  Smith,  John  Braddy,  Wm.  Ralls, 
G.  S.  Ralls,  James  A.  Logan,  Blakeley  Brush,  Joseph  Cooper,  David  Cooper, 
J.  M.  Ferguson,  Isaac  Meyers,  Carpenter  Gear,  Riley  Mayors,  Samuel  Bow- 
man, F.  M.  Clifton,  Stephen  Crowder,  Arthur  Robinson,  William  Robinson, 
John  Ferguson  and  John  Smith.  James  A.  Logan  was  selected  as  Captain  of 
the  garrison,  and  Wm.  C.  Smith  and  John  Campbell  were  chosen  as  spies  to 
wiitch  the  movements  of  the  Indians.  The  latter  two  generally  went  down  to 
the  Indian  camps  each  day  to  take  notes. 

Gn  the  fifth  day  of  the  siege,  on  appoaching  the  hill  that  overlooked  the 
Indian  village,  they  saw  two  large  bodies  of  Indians  on  horseback  riding  swiftly 
backward  and  forward  over  the  prairie  in  that  vicinity.  Soon  the  sound  of 
a  drum  was  heard,  wlien  the  Indians  rode  hastily  up  to  a  large  tent  or  wickeup, 
several  iiundred  feet  in  length  and  about  fifteen  feet  in  width.  Here  they  dis- 
mounted and  formed  a  ring  on  the  inside.  Their  heads  were  shaved  smooth, 
with  the  exception  of  a  small  bit  of  hair  on  the  top  of  the  head,  and  that  stood 
erect  and  was  wrappnl  with  deer  sinew.     They  were  almost   naked,  and  were 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  333 

painted  in  red  stripes  from  the  crowns  of  their  heads  to  the  soles  of  their  feet, 
each  warrior  having  in  his  hand  a  gourd  containing  beans  or  corn,  which  he 
shook  as  an  accompaniment  to  tlieir  powwow  songs. 

While  the  warriors  were  thus  engaged,  some  of  the  squaws  that  remained  (as, 
in  view  of  battle,  most  of  the  women  and  children  had  been  sent  away)  hung 
up  four  dogs  by  the  necks,  and  while  they  writhed  and  struggled  in  the  process 
of  strangulation,  the  braves,  with  war  clubs  in  hand,  danced  round  them  for 
the  space  of  half  an  hour.  Then,  at  the  signal  from  the  drum,  they  seated 
themselves  and  beoran  singing  a  chant. 

Meantime,  the  squaws  had  made  ready  in  the  center  of  the  wickeup,  foui- 
large  kettles  partly  full  of  boiling  water.  Into  these  the  dogs  were  placed — hide, 
hair,  entrails  and  all — while  a  large  bundle  of  dry  sticks  close  at  hand  kept  the 
fire  good  and  hot  for  two  and  a  half  hours.  During  this  space  of  time,  several 
hundred  of  the  savages  danced  around  the  savory  kettles,  brandishing  their  clubs 
and  yelling  hideously,  threatening  Smith  and  Campbell  repeatedly. 

Again  at  a  signal  they  seated  themselves,  while  the  squaws  dished  up  the 
boiled  dogs,  and  served  up  a  portion  to  each  warrior,  seasoned  with  maple  sugar. 
This  Macbeth-hash  seemed  not  to  pacify  and  make  amiable,  as  a  good  dinner  is 
generally  supposed  to  do,  but,  on  the  contrary,  after  it  they  grew  more  boister- 
ous, and  resumed  their  yelling  and  dancing.  It  may  be  that  this  effect  followed 
their  not  having  enough  of  the  savory  dish.  During  this  time,  the  two  spies 
made  a  vain  effort  to  communicate  with  John  Green,  the  chief  and  leader,  but 
failing  in  it,  they  withdrew. 

On  their  attempt  to  regain  Fort  Robinson,  they  were  accosted  at  intervals 
by  two  parties  of  Indians,  thus : 

•"  Where  3'ou  going  V  You  going  to  block-house  ?  " 

On  being  answered  in  the  affirmative,  they  continued : 

*'  How  many  men  in  block-house  ?  " 

They  were  replied  to  after  the  Indian  style,  "  Oh  heap." 

"  Any  big  guns?  " 

"  Yes,  some  big  guns." 
■  "  Any  big  man  in  block-house?  " 

•'Yes,  a  heap  big  man." 

After  this  conversation,  they  passed  on. 

A  few  days  after  this,  William  Davidson,  thinking  it  would  be  a  nice  thing 
to  test  the  courage  of  the  garrison  and  commander,  laid  a  plan  for  a  sham 
attack.  Letting  the  guard  for  the  night — William  Asher  (who  had  a  tremen- 
dous shot-gun,  that  had  done  some  good  execution  among  the  wolves),  Jack 
Braddy  and  Carpenter  Gear — into  the  secret,  he  went  up  on  the  hill,  where  the 
cattle  were  lying  down,  and  raised  a  stampede. 

•'  Ah,  then  and  there  was  hurrying  to  and  fro."  The  cow  bells  jingled  at 
an  appalling  rate,  as  if  all  the  herds  were  in  frightened  motion ;  reports  of 
guns  were  heard,  and  the  garrison  was  soon  fully  aroused  and  trying  to  collect 
itself,  to  meet  this  dreaded  and  dreadful  emergency. 

Mrs.  Logan  sent  to  her  husband,  "  Keep  your  guns  clean  and  your  powder 
dry."  Every  light  was  extinguished,  and  the  Captain  said,  in  hushed  whis- 
pers, "  Keep  still,  and  stay  in  your  beds,  women."  Some  of  the  children  were 
aroused,  and  it  was  somewhat  difficult  to  keep  them  within  proper  bounds ;  but 
on  the  whole,  they  behaved  well. 

There  was,  of  course,  terrible  excitement ;  the  men  grasped  their  guns,  and 
some  of  the  women  commenced  praying.  Poor  old  Mrs.  Robinson,  thinking 
she  was  not  quite  ready  for  the  scalping-knife,  fell  on  her  knees,  repeating, 


334  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

quite  loud  enough  for  all  the  Musquakas  to  hear,  had  they  listened,  "  0,  Lord. 
I  have  tried  to  live  in  thy  service  through  life,  but  I  find  I  have  not  enough 
religion  to  die  by  !   Give  me  more.  Lord,  please  I  " 

Logan  acted*^very  well,  and  most  of  the  men  ;  but  no  red  skins  appeared  at 
their  walls ;  and  finally,  about  daylight,  as  they  could  find  no  moccasin  prints 
in  the  vicinity,  they  concluded  they  had  been  sold.  Of  course  their  chagrin 
and  indignation  were  great,  and  had  it  not  been  that  white  men  were  scarce  and 
valuable,  it  is  more  than  likely  that  some  body  would  have  been  punished. 

Of  course,  this  little  garrison  was  very  vigilant ;  for,  besides  having  one  of 
the  most  cruel  of  foes  to  contend  with,  their  means  of  defense  were  none  too 
plentiful. 

Alarms  were  not  uncommon,  and  at  another  time  than  the  one  mentioned 
above,  when  some  of  the  young  people  were  spending  the  evening  in  dancing 
at  the  house  of  Mr.  Arthur  Robinson,  at  a  little  distance,  some  of  the  older 
men  in  the  fort  saw  two  Indians  leisurely  riding  along  the  bottom  on  their 
ponies.  Fancying  them  to  be  scouts,  and  fearing  an  attack,  they  rushed  out  of 
the  fort  and  called  to  the  merry-makers  to  come  into  the  inclosure  at  once  and 
prepare  for  danger.  Whereupon  some  members  of  the  dancing  party  went  out 
to  meet  the  Indians,  and  asked  them  where  they  were  going,  and  asked  to  see 
their  guns.  The  Indians  were  at  first  very  reluctant  to  give  them  any  informa- 
tion, but  finally,  in  fear  and  trembling,  handed  over  their  arms.  It  then  trans- 
pired that  they,  unconscious  that  they  had  given  the  whites  a  great  fright,  were 
dreadfully  frightened  themselves.  And  so  the  young  men  returned,  with  re- 
lieved minds,  to  their  dancing. 

These  Indians,  after  parleying  with  Maj.  Williams  for  three  or  four  weeks, 
agreed  to  leave  peaceably  if  the  Government  would  give  them  a  stated  amount 
of  flour,  pork,  ammunition  and  blankets.  To  this  the  Government,  through 
the  Major,  acceded,  when  they  took  up  their  line  of  march  to  their  home,  in 
Missouri,  and  the  garrison  at  Fort  Robinson  broke  up,  its  occupants  returning 
to  their  homes,  never  after  to  be  molested  with  fears  of  tomahawks  and  scalp- 
ing-knives. 

THE    FIRST    POST    OFFICE 

in  the  county  was  located  on  Section  34,  Township  83  north,  Range  18  west, 
in  the  present  township  of  Timber  Creek.  William  C.  Smith  was  appointed 
Postmaster  by  Hon.  Nathan  K.  Hall,  Postmaster  General.  The  appointment 
was  made  June  13,  1850,  and  the  commission  bears  date  July  10,  1850.  The 
post  route  was  from  the  office  in  Timber  Creek  to  Newton,  Jasper  County,  and 
the  service  was  weekly.  A.  J.  Smith  was  contractor,  and  carried  the  mail  for 
the  net  proceeds  of  the  Timber  Creek  office. 

The  original  commission  is  still  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Smith,  and  from  it 
we  make  the  following  copy  : 

\^Cut  of  an  Eagle.~\ 

Nathan  K.  Hall,  Postmaster  General  of  the  United  States;  to  all  tvJio  shall 

see  these  pi-esents,  Greeting  : 

Whereas,  On  the  13th  day  of  June,  1850,  William  C.  Smith  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster  at  Timber  Creek,  in  the  County  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa  ; 
and,  whereas,  he  did,  on  the  10th  day  of  July,  1*850,  execute  a  bond  and  has 
taken  the  oath  of  oflfice,  as  required  by  law  ;  Now,  know  ye,  that  confiding  in 
the  integrity,  ability  and  punctuality  of  the  said  William  C.  Smith,  I  do  com- 
mission him  a  Postmaster,  authorized  to   execute    the  duties  of  that  office  at 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  335 

Timber  Creek,  aforesaid,  according  to  the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  the 
regulations  of  the  Post  Office  Department,  to  hold  said  office  of  Postmaster,  with 
all  the  powers,  privileges  and  emoluments  to  the  same  belonging,  durinn-  the 
pleasure  of  the  Postmaster  General  of  the  United  States. 

In  testimony  whereof,  1  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of 

the  Post  Office  Department  to  be  affixed  at  Washington  City,  the 

12th  day  of  August,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight 

[SEAfc.]       hundred  and  fifty,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States 

the  seventy-fifth.  N.  K.   Hall. 

THE    FIRST    DEATH 

which  occurred  in  the  county  was  that  of  an  infant  child  of  William  C.  Smith. 
The  date  is  June,  1850.  The  second  death  was  that  of  an  infant  child  of  Will- 
iam Powers. 

THE    FIRST    ADULT    DEATH 

was  that  of  Hosea  Dean,  who  died  in  February,  1851.  His  coffin  was  made  of 
the  boards  of  a  wagon  box.  The  second  adult  death  was  that  of  Mrs.  Joseph 
Cooper.  The  coffin  in  which  the  body  was  finally  composed  was  made  of  lum- 
ber which  a  neighbor  chanced  to  have  on  hand  for  repairing  a  wagon.  Fine 
lumber  could  not  be  obtained  nearer  than  sixty  or  eighty  miles,  and  the  bereaved 
friends  of  these  two  worthy  people  were  compelled  to  resort  to  the  expedient  of 
using  such  materials  as  were  at  hand.  Mr.  Dean  lived  three  miles  from  Mar- 
shalltown,  on  the  west  side  of  Asher  Creek.    Mrs.  Cooper  lived  on  Timber  Creek. 

THE    FIRST    RELIGIOUS    SERVICES 

were  conducted  by  Rev.  Mr.  Bagley,  of  the  Christian  denomination,  in  the 
Fall  of  1848.  Mr.  William  C.  Smith  is  a  regularly-ordained  minister  of  the 
same  sect,  and  preached  on  Timber  Creek,  where  Mr.  Bagley  had  held  service, 
in  1849.  Rev.  J.  F.  Hestwood  was  the  first  Methodist  Episcopal  clergyman  in 
the  county.     He  preached  in  Timber  Creek  in  1850. 

THE    FIRST    SCHOOL 

was  taught  by  William  C.  Smith,  in  the  first  log  house  erected  on  Timber  Creek, 
by  Joseph  Cooper.  The  school  consisted  of  some  twelve  or  fifteen  pupils,  and 
was  taught  during  the  years  1849—50. 

THE    FIRST    STORE 

was  opened  at  Le  Grand,  by  James  Allman,  in  1850.  The  second  store  was 
owned  by  William  Dishon,  at  Marietta. 

LA  GRAND,  THE    FIRST    VILLAGE 

•was  not  recorded  as  a  surveyed  plat  until  July  5,  1854,  but  was  probably  first 
designed  in  1850 ;  for,  as  above  stated,  the  pioneer  store  was  opened  there  in 
that  year.     It  is  located  on  Section  13,  Town  83,  Range  17. 

THE    FIRST    NEWSPAPER 

was  the  Iowa  Central  Journal,  established  at  Albion  in  November,  1855,  bv 
Thomas  J.  Wilson,  J.  W.  Tripp,  H.  C.  Knapp  and  Orson  Hobart. 

THE    FIRST    MILL 

was  built  in  1847,  by  William  Asher,  on  Linn  Creek,  and  was  soon  washed  away. 
The  first  beneficial  mill  was  put  up  in  1849.  on  Timber  Creek,  by  J.  F.  Camp- 
bell and  William  Asher. 


336  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  COUNTY. 

April  10,  1848,  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Jasper  County  adopted  the 

following : 

Ordered  by  (he  Board.  That  there  hereby  is  a  township  laid  off  in  the  boundaries  of  Marshall 
County,  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  Minerva  Creek  Township  ;  the  place  of  holding  the  election 
to  he  at  the  house  of  George  W.  Halley.  George  W.  Halley.  Washington  Asher  and  David 
Miller  to  act  as  Judges  of  Election. 

January  1,  1849,  the  Board  alloAved  Joab  Bennett,  of  Jasper,  three  dollars 
for  assessing  Marshall  County,  which  job  took  three  days'  time, 

The  county  of  Marshall  was  organized  under  the  management  of  Joseph 
M.  Ferguson,  who  was  vested  with  authority  by  the  general  laws  of  the  State, 
by  the  provisions  of  which  the  District  Court  had  power  to  appoint  an  Organ- 
izing Sheriff",  when  proper  application  had  been  made. 

Mr.  Ferguson,  as  Organizing  Sheriff",  called  the  first  election  in  the  county 
on  the  6th  day  of  August,  1849.  Under  the  caption  of  "  Elections  "  is  given 
a  detailed  report  of  this  and  subsequent  elections. 

The  vote  numbered  twenty-eight  ballots,  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  J.  M. 
Ferguson,  Sheriff';  Jesse  Amos,  Joseph  Cooper  and  James  Miller,  Commission- 
ers ;  Zeno  B.  Freeman,  Treasurer ;  A.  J.  Smith  and  Joshua  Kemp,  Justices  of 
the  Peace. 

The  first  session  of  the  Commissioners  was  held  at  the  house  of  one  of  the 
Board — Jesse  Amos — on  Section  28,  ToAvn  85  north.  Range  19  west,  in  what  is 
now  Bangor  Township. 

There  was  no  seat  of  justice  established  in  the  county  at  that  time,  and  the 
meetings  of  the  Board  were  held  at  the  houses  of  the  Commissioners,  as  con- 
veniences suggested,  for  the  first  year  or  more.  The  chapter  on  "  Fiscal  Rec- 
ords," in  this  volume,  contains  as  full  an  account  of  those  meetings  as  can  be 
obtained,  because  of  the  loss  of  the  few  sheets  of  foolscap  paper,  stitched  to- 
gether as  a  rude  book,  which  formed  the  first  volume  of  the  Commissioners' 
Minutes.  The  documentary  evidence  obtainable  to-day  is  exceedingly  meager, 
and  is  but  a  list  of  the  county  orders  issued  by  the  Board  in  the  year  1850.  It 
is  safe  to  accept  the  absence  of  the  records  as  an  indication  of  the  lack  of  very 
important  business. 

By  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  Iowa,  approved  January  21,  1851,  Messrs. 
B.  B.  Berry,  of  Mahaska  County  ;  Manley  Giff"ord,  of  Jasper  County,  and  W. 
W.  Walker,  of  Dallas  County,  w^ere  appointed  Commissioners  to  locate  the- 
county  seat  of  this  county. 

Messrs.  Giff"ord  and  Miller  performed  the  trust  accorded  them,  and  chose 
the  east  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  13,  Town  84  north,  Range  19 
west,  and  the  west  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  18,  Town  84  north, 
Range  18  west.     The  site  thus  chosen,  the  Commissioners  named  "  Marietta." 

The  long  chapter  on  the  "County  Seat  Contest"  contains  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  the  location  of  the  county  seat,  and  the  subsequent  complications 
arising  therefrom. 

The  county  seat  having  been  established,  a  Court  House  was  erected  by 
Alexander  Crow,  in  1852. 

In  1851,  the  Legislature  abolished  the  Commissioner  system  of  govern- 
ment in  counties,  and  substituted  therefor  a  plan  known  as  the  County  Judge 
system.  One  man  was  elected  by  the  people,  with  powers  equal  to  those 
formerly  possessed  by  the  Board  of  Commissioners.  John  B.  Hobbs  was. 
elected  Judge  of  the  County  Court,  in  1851. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  33T 

Of  the  proceedings  of  this  court  there  can  be  found  but  fragmentary  docu- 
ments prior  to  July  5,  1852,  at  which  period  Minute  Book  "A"  begins.  The 
business  transacted  was  undoubtedly  of  a  mere  routine  nature,  until  the  Sep- 
tember term  of  the  court,  when  the  suggestion  of  organizing  new  townships 
was  entertained. 

The  October  term  was  almost  entirely  given  up  to  the  consideration  of  this 
important  matter.  The  division  of  the  county  at  the  date  of  the  proposition  was 
Minerva  Creek,  Iowa  River  and  Jefferson  Townships.  The  population 
of  these  townships  may  be  estimated  from  the  statement  of  the  vote  cast 
at  the  general  election  in  1852  :  Minerva  Creek,  29  ;  Iowa  River,  10  ;  Timber 
Creek,  31. 

At  the  October  term  was  perfected  the  creation  of  Iowa,  Washington, 
Marietta,  Economy,  Jefferson  and  Minerva  Townships.  The  plan  did  not 
prosper,  however,  and  the  election  returns  show  that  polling  precincts  were 
never  legally  established  in  the  numerous  subdivisions. 

This  method  of  dividing  the  county  did  not  prove  at  all  satisfactory,  and 
at  the  March  term,  1853,  the  County  Court  again  considered  the  subject.  The 
records  read  :  "  There  being  many  applications  made  for  the  alteration  of  town- 
ships, it  being  the  opinion  that  a  less  number  of  townships  would  be  to  the 
advantage  of  the  county;  Therefore,  the  Court  has  changed  and  altered  the 
townships,"  as  follows: 

Iowa  Township  began  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  county  and  ran  west 
to  the  crossing  of  the  north  line  by  the  Iowa  River;  thence  followed  the  stream 
to  where  it  crossed  the  east  line ;  thence  on  the  east  line  of  the  county  to  place 
of  beginning. 

Marietta  Township  began  at  crossing  of  the  north  line  of  the  county  by  the 
Iowa  River ;  thence  to  northwest  corner  of  the  county ;  thence  on  west  line  of 
county  to  the  southwest  corner ;  thence  east  on  the  south  line  of  county  to  the 
section  line  between  Sections  33  and  34,  Township  82  north,  Range  19  west ; 
thence  on  said  line  north  to  north  line  of  Township  83,  Range  19,  between  Sec- 
tions 3  and  4  ;  thence  east  on  township  line  between  Townships  83  and  84  to 
section  line  between  33  and  34,  Township  84,  Range  18 ;  thence  north  on  said 
line  to  Iowa  River ;  thence  running  on  south  side  of  river  to  place  of  be- 
ginning. 

Jefferson  Township  began  at  the  east  line  of  the  county,  where  the  Iowa 
River  crossed  the  same ;  thence  west  on  south  side  of  river  to  section  line  be- 
tween Sections  27  and  28,  Township  84  north.  Range  18  west ;  thence  south 
on  said  line  to  township  line  between  83  and  84  ;  thence  west  on  said  line  to 
section  line  between  Sections  3  and  4,  Township  83  ;  thence  south  to  south 
line  of  the  county  ;  thence  east  to  southeast  corner  of  the  county  ;  thence  north 
to  place  of  beginning. 

On  the  27th  day  of  September,  1853,  Alexander  Crow  made  a  formal 
tender  of  the  Court  House  building  to  the  county.  Judge  Wm.  C.  Smith,  who 
succeeded  Judge  Hobbs,  accepted  the  same,  as  is  shown  by  this  entry  in  the 
court  minutes: 

September  the  27th.  A.  D.  1853.  Alexander  Crow  tenders  to  the  county  of  Marshall  a  cer- 
tain Court  House,  contracted  for  between  the  said  Crow  and  the  county  of  Marshall,  State  of 
Iowa,  and  the  said  county  of  Marshall,  by  her  agent  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge  of  said 
county,  has  this  27th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1853,  received  said  Court  House  and  paid  therefor 
$508.75,  in  town  lots  in  the  town  of  Marietta,  in  the  county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa,  and 
§30.50  by  voluntary  subscriptions,  and  $365.75,  in  county  warrants  and  bonds  ;  making  in  all 
$905,  the  price  agreed  upon  for  building  said  Court  House. 

William  C.  Smith,   County  Judge. 


338  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

At  the  March  Term,  1855,  the  County  Court  re-divided  the  county  into  the 
following  townships  : 

lo^va  Township  began  at  the  northern  boundary  of  the  county  where  the 
Iowa  River  crosses  that  boundary,  in  Section  2,  Township  85,  Range  19 ; 
thence  following  the  course  of  the  river  to  the  line  between  Sections  23  and  24, 
in  Township  84,  Range  18  ;  thence  north  on  the  section  line  to  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  county  :  thence  west  on  this  northern  line  to  the  place  of  be- 
ginning. 

Marion  Toivnship  began  on  the  section  line  between  Sections  23  and  24,  in 
Township  84,  Range  18,  where  the  Iowa  River  crosses  that  line  ;  thence  north 
on  the  section  line  to  the  northern  boundary  of  the  county ;  thence  east  to  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  county  ;  thence  south  on  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
county  to  the  northern  bank  of  the  Iowa  River ;  thence  along  the  course  of  the 
river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Le  G-rand  Township  began  where  the  Iowa  River  crosses  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Marshall  County,  in  Section  1,  Township  83,  Range  17  ;  thence 
south  on  the  eastern  boundary  to  the  southeast  corner  of  said  cotinty ;  thence 
west  on  the  southern  boundary  of  the  county  to  the  township  line,  between 
Ranges  17  and  18  ;  thence  north  on  the  township  line  to  the  northeast  corner 
of  Section  0,  in  Township  83,  Range  17  ;  thence  east  on  the  township  line  to 
the  Iowa  River;  thence  along  the  course  of  the  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Marshall  Township  began  where  the  Iowa  River  crosses  the  line  between 
Townships  83  and  84,  Range  17  ;  thence  along  the  meanderings  of  the  Iowa 
River  to  the  section  line  between  Sections  16  and  17,  in  Township  84,  Range 
18  :  thence  south  on  the  section  line  to  the  township  line  between  Townships  83 
and  84,  Range  18  ;  thence  west  on  the  township  line  to  the  township  line  be- 
tween Ranges  18  and  19 ;  thence  south  on  the  township  line  to  the  southwest 
corner  of  Section  7,  in  Township  83,  Range  18  ;  thence  east  on  the  township 
line  to  the  place  of  beginning, 

Jefferson  Township  began  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  12,  in  Town- 
ship 83,  Range  18  ;  thence  running  south  on  the  township  line  to  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  county ;  thence  west  to  the  township  line  between  Ranges  19 
and  20  ;  thence  north  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Section  7,  in  Township  83, 
Range  19;  thence  east  on  the  section  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Marietta  Township  began  where  the  Iowa  River  crosses  the  section  line  be- 
tween Sections  27  and  28,  in  Township  84,  Range  18 ;  thence  following  up 
the  course  of  the  river  to  the  township  line  between  Townships  84  and  85, 
Range  19;  thence  west  to  the  northwest  corner  of  Township  84,  Range  19; 
thence  south  on  the  township  line  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Section  7,  in 
Township  83.  Range  19  ;  thence  east  on  the  section  line  to  the  southeast  corner 
of  Section  12  in  said  township;  thence  north  on  the  township  line  to  the 
northeast  corner  of  said  township  ;  thence  east  to  the  section  line  between 
Sections  30  and  34  ;  thence  north  on  the  section  line  to  the  place  of  begin- 
ning. 

Banjior  Townsltip  began  where  the  Iowa  River  crosses  the  township  line, 
between  Townships  84  and  85,  Range  19  ;  thence  following  the  course  of  the 
river  to  the  northern  boundary  of  Marshall  County;  thence  west  to  the  north- 
west corner  of  Township  85,  Range  19  ;  thence  south  to  the  southwest  corner 
of  said  township;  thence  east  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Liberty  Township  began  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Township  85,  Range 
'2^^  ;  thence  west  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  county ;  thence  south  on  the 
western  line  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Township  84,  Range  20 ;  thence  east 


BANKER,  MARSHALLTOWN 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  341 

on  the  township  line  to  the  southeast  corner  of  that  township  ;  thence  north 
on  the  township  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Eden  Township  began  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Township  83,  Range  20 ; 
thence  west  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  county  ;  thence  south  to  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  county  ;  thence  east  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Township 
SO,  Range  20 :  thence  north  on  the  township  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

G-reen  Castle  Township  was  composed  of  Congressional  Township  82  north, 
Range  17  west,  and  was  organized  in  185G. 

Vienna  Township  was  composed  of  Congressional  Township  85  north, 
Range  17  west,  and  the  east  six  sections  of  Township  85  north.  Range  18  west. 

Washington  Township,  the  second  so  named  in  the  county,  the  first  having 
been  abolished  by  the  court  in  185-3,  was  created  in  1859,  and  was  composed  of 
Towns  82  and  83  north.  Range  19  west. 

Timber  Creek  Toivnship  was  created  in  1861  out  of  Town  83  north.  Range 
18  west. 

State  Center  Township  was  created  in  1866  from  Town  83  north,  Range  20  west. 

Logan  Township  was  created  in  1869  from  Town  82  north.  Range  19  west. 

Liscomb  Township  was  created  in  1869  from  Sections  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8, 
9.  10,  11,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22  and  23,  Town  85,  Range  18,  and 
Sections  1,  2,  11,  12,  13,  14,  23  and  24,  Town  85,  Range  19. 

Taylor  Township  was  created  in  1871,  from  Sections  1,  2,  3,  east  half  of  4, 
east  half  of  9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  and  the  north  half  of  Sections  21, 
52,  23  and  24,  in  Town  84,  Range  18. 

The  present  formation  of  the  townships  of  the  county  is  as  follows  : 

Vienna  remains  as  originally  defined  and  herein  described. 

Liscomb  as  originally  defined. 

Bangor  consists  of  the  four  west  tiers  of  Town  85,  Range  19,  except  the 
■east  half  of  Section  27,  and  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  34. 

Liberty  is  Town  85,  Range  20. 

Minerva  is  Town  84,  Range  20. 

Marietta  is  Town  84,  Range  19,  except  Section  1  thereof;  and  Sections  17, 
18,  19  and  20  of  Town  84,  Range  18. 

Iowa  was  changed,  in  1869,  and  made  from  the  following  irregular  terri- 
tory :  Sections  26  to  35,  Town  85,  Range  18  ;  Sections  25,  26,  35  and  36  and 
the  east  half  of  Section  27  and  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  34,  Town  85, 
Range  19 ;  Section  1,  Town  84,  Range  19 ;  and  Sections  5,  6,  7  and  8,  and 
the  west  half  of  Sectipn  4  and  the  west  half  of  Section  9,  Town  84,  Range  18. 

Taylor  remains  as  herein  described  as  original  formation. 

Marion  is  Town  84,  Range  17,  excepting  Sections  30,  31  and  32. 

Le  Grand  is  Town  83,  Range  17. 

Timber  Creek  is  Town  83,  Range  18. 

Washington  is  Town  83,  Range  19. 

State  Center  is  Town  83,  Range  20. 

Eden  is  Town  82,   Range  20. 

Logan  is  Town  82,  Range  19. 

Jefferson  is  Town  -^2,  Range  18. 

Green  Castle  is  Town  82,  Range  17. 

Marshall  is  composed  of  Sections  30,  31  and  32,,  Town  84,  Range  17;  tne 
south  half  of  Sections  21,  22,  23  and  24,  and  all  of  Sections  25  to  36,  inclu- 
sive of  Town  84,  Range  18.  An  effort  is  about  to  be  made  to  erect  a  township, 
to  be  called  Linn,  from  this  territory,  excepting  the  incorporated  limits  of  Mar- 
shalltown.  situated  therein. 


342  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


ELECTION. 


The  first  election  held  in  Marshall  County  took  place  on  the  7th  of  x'Vugust.. 

1848.  Marshall  was  then  an  unorganized  territory,  and  was  attached  to  Jasper 
County  for  judicial  and  revenue  purposes.  There  is  no  record  of  the  election  extant, 
except  the  certificate  of  the  election  of  David  E.  Cooper,  as  Constable.  Mr. 
Cooper  lived  on  Timber  Creek.  The  entire  county  is  spoken  of  in  the  Certificate 
as  "  Minerva  Township,"  but  the  designation  of  this  county  by  that  title  had  no 
reference  to  that  portion  of  the  county  so  called  at  the  time  of  organization,  in 

1849.  The  county  was  divided  at  its  organization  into  two  polling  precincts, 
the  northern  half  being  styled  Minerva  Creek  Township,  and  the  southern  half 
Jefferson  Township. 

Below  is  given  a  copy  of  the  certificate  referred  to  : 

Statk  of  Iowa,      ) 

.Jasper  County,  \  '  I,  Jesse  Hickman,  Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of  said 
county,  do  liereby  certify  that  at  an  election  held  in  and  for  the  Township  of  Minerva  Creek,  in 
the  attached  part  of  said  county,  on  the  7th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1848,  David  E.  Cooper  was 
then  duly  elected  a  Constable  in  and  for  said  township. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the  seal  of  said  Board,  this 
[seal.]     10th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1848.  .Jesse  Rickman, 

Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of  Jasper  County,  Iowa. 

On  the  back  of  the  certificate  is  the  following  resignation  : 

September  4,  1849. 

I  do  herewith  resign  my  office  as  Constable  (by  the  authority  of  the  within  certiticate). 

David  E.  Cooper, 

Constable. 

Under  the  general  law  which  provided  for  the  appointment  of  an  Organizing 
Sheriff  by  the  District  Judge,  and  authorized  the  said  Sherifi'  to  conduct  the 
work  of  organizing  the  county,  Joseph  M.  Ferguson  was  duly  appointed  Organ- 
izing Sheriff  in  the  Summer  of  1849. 

The  records  of  organization  are  very  imperfect.  But  few  of  the  papers  can 
be  found.  The  timely  research  now  made  among  the  scattered  archives  and  the 
interviews  had  with  the  remaining  pioneers  fortunately  rescue  from  oblivion  the 
important  events  of  those  early  days. 

The  townships  of  Minerva  Creek  and  Jefferson  were  created  by  Sheriff 
Ferguson,  and  an  election  ordered  for  the  6th  day  of  August,  1849.  The  poll 
lists  are  in  existence,  and  from  them  it  is  learned  who  were  in  the  county  at 
that  time  and  (jualified  to  vote. 

In  the  northern  precinct  of  Minerva  Creek  there  were  seventeen  votes  cast,, 
by  the  following  persons :  William  Ballard,  Washington  Asher,  John  T.  Duke,, 
John  Ballard,  John  Coy,  William  Coddington,  William  Peterman,  Isaac  Asher, 
James  Asher,  Jesse  Amos,  Joshua  Kemp,  Carpenter  Gear,  Moses  Lacey,  Philip 
Ballard,  G.  W.  Halley,  Thomas  Pearson,  Shelton  Gear. 

The  polls  were  located  at  the  house  of  Geo.  W.  Halley.  Joshua  Kemp,  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  swore  in  two  of  the  Judges  of  Election,  who  were  Philip 
Ballard  and  G.  W.  Halley.  Mr.  Kemp  acted  as  the  third  Judge.  Shelton 
Gear  and  Thomas  Pearson  served  as  Clerks. 

The  signature  of  Justice  Kemp  to  this  document  proves  that  he  was  a  Jus- 
tice prior  to  the  organizing  election,  and  must  have  been  elected  or  appointed 
while  the  county  was  a  part  of  Jasper. 

The  polls  for  Jefferson  Township  were  located  at  the  house  of  Joseph  Cooper. 
The  Judges  of  Election  were :  Joseph  Cooper,  William  J.  Asher  and  David  E. 
Cooper      William  C.  Smith  and  J.  M.  Ferguson  acted  as  Clerks. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  348 

There  were  eleven  votes  cast,  and  by  the  following  named  persons  :  William 
C.  Smith,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  D.  E.  Cooper,  A.  J.  Smith,  Wm.  E.  Alexander, 
Samuel  Davidson,  Blakeley  Brush,  Joseph  C.  Davidson,  Joseph  Cooper,  Wm. 
J.  Asher,  Alvin  Adkins. 

The  returns  from  Minerva  Creek  Township  are  indorsed,  in  the  handwriting 
of  Mr.  Ferguson  :  "  Incorrect,  but  filed  August  15,  1849.  J.  M.  Ferguson. 
Organizing  Sheriff." 

Wherein  they  err  is  not  explained ;  but  it  may  account  for  the  fact  that  the 
list  of  the  officers  actually  shown  to  have  been  elected  does  not  tally  with  that 
of  the  officers  certified  to. 

The  officers  declared  elected  were:  J.  M.  Ferguson,  Sheriff;  Joseph 
Cooper,  Jesse  Amos  and  James  Miller,  County  Commissioners ;  Wm.  C.  Smith, 
Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners ;  David  E.  Cooper,  Clerk  of  the 
District  Court ;  Zeno  B.  Freeman,  County  Treasurer,  and  A.  J.  Smith  and 
Joshua  Kemp,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

The  vote  on  Sheriff  was  a  tie,  if  we  may  rely  on  the  official  poll  lists.  In 
Jefferson  Township,  Mr.  Ferguson  received  ten  votes,  evidently  refraining  from 
voting  for  himself.  In  Minerva  Creek,  he  received  three  votes,  and  Moses 
Lacey  received  thirteen,  thus  defeating  a  choice.  On  this  point  we  mention  the 
statement  of  Mr.  Weatherly,  who  declares  that  Moses  Lacey  was  the  first  elected 
Sheriff 

Judge  W.  C.  Smith,  on  the  other  hand,  claims  that  Mr.  Ferguson  was 
finally  the  recipient  of  the  honor.  Since  Mr.  Smith  was  here  at  the  time,  his 
testimony  is  probably  the  more  reliable.  The  records  bear  out  Mr.  Weatherly, 
but  the  memory  of  Mr.  Smith  is  not  to  be  lightly  regarded.  He  asserts  that 
the  tie  vote  was  decided  in  favor  of  Mr.  Ferguson  by  the  two  candidates  "  draw- 
ing cuts." 

W.  C.  Smith  was  chosen  Commissioners'  Clerk  by  a  unanimous  vote,  twenty 
ballots  being  cast  for  him. 

On  the  question  of  Commissioners  there  is  conflict.  The  list  shows  that 
Jesse  Amos  received  twenty-six  votes,  and  Joseph  Cooper  twenty-six  votes, 
without  opposition ;  but  the  third  place  was  contested.  Thomas  Gordon  re- 
ceived ten,  and  James  Miller,  sixteen  votes.  Accepting  this  record,  in  the 
absence  of  positive  recollection  on  this  point,  we  state  James  Miller  as  the  suc- 
cessful candidate. 

Samuel  Davidson,  for  Prosecuting  Attorney,  received  twenty-seven  votes, 
without  opposition. 

Thomas  Gordon  obtained  fifteen,  and  Shelby  Wyatt  seven  votes,  for  Recorder. 

Joshua  Kemp  received  twenty-five  ballots  for  Judge  of  Probate,  and  also 
fifteen  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Minerva  Creek  Township. 

A.  J.  Smith  was  elected  Justice  for  Jefferson  Township. 

Thomas  Pearson  was  elected  Coroner,  and  George  W.  Halley,  Constable,  of 
Minerva  Creek ;  and  William  Coddington  and  Blakely  Brush  to  the  same 
offices,  respectively;  in  Jefferson. 

Following  are  copies  of  the  election  certificates  for  a  portion  of  the  first 
officers,  no  other  certificates  being  found : 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  Bounty,  ss.:  I,  David  E.  Cooper,  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  and  in 
every  respect  discharge  the  duties  of  District  Clerk  faithfully  and  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  so 
help  me  God.  David  E.  Cooper. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  this  25th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1849. 

.7.  M.  Ferguson, 
Organizing  Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 


344  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Know  all  men  l.y  these  Presents,  That  we,  William  C.  Smith,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  D.  E.  Cooper, 
A  J  Smith  and  John  T.  Campbell,  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  are  held  and  firmly  bound  unto 
the  State  of  Iowa  in  the  penal  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars,  the  payment  whereof  we  bind  our 
heirs,  executors  and  administrators,  severally,  jointly,  firmly  by  these  presents,  sealed  with  our 
seals,'  and  dated  this  22d  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1849. 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  is  such  that.  Whereas,  the  said  William  C.  Smith  was 
duly  elected  Commissioners'  Clerk  of  the  county  aforesaid.  Now,  if  the  said  Smith  will  well  and 
faithfully  perform  all  the  duties  of  the  said  office,  then  the  above  obligation  to  be  null  and  void  ; 
otherwise,  to  be  and  remain  in  full  force  and  virtue  in  law. 


William  C.  Smith, 


;Seal.] 


J.  M.  Fergi'son,         [Seal.] 


D.  E.  COOPEB, 


A.  J.  Smith,  [Seal.] 


John  T.  Campbell. 


Seal.] 


;Seal.] 


The  following  indorsement  appears  upon  this : 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.:  I,  William  C.  Smith,  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will 
faithfully  and  impartially  discharge  the  duties  of  Commissioners'  Clerk  of  the  aforesaid  county 
to  the  best  of  my  ability,  so  help  me  God.  William  C.  Smith. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  this  22d  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1840. 

J.  M.  Ferguson, 
Organizing  Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss  :  I,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  Organizing  Sheriff  of  said 
county,  do  hereby  certify  that  at  an  election  held  on  the  6th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1849,  in 
the  township  of  Jeflerson,  in  said  county,  Andrew  J.  Smith  was  duly  elected  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  this  15th  day  of  August,  A.  D. 
1849.  J.   M.  Ferguson, 

Organizing  Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

The  following  indorsement  is  upon  this : 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.  :  I,  A.  J.  Smith,  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
that  I  will  administer  justice  without  respect  to  persons,  and  faithfully  and  impartially  discharge 
and  perform  all  the  duties  incumbent  upon  me  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  according  to  the  best 
of  my  understanding  ;  so  help  me  God.  Andrew  J.  Smith. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  1st  day  of  September,  A    D.  1849, 

D.  E.  Cooper, 
Clerk  of  District  Court.  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

On  a  separate  slip  of  paper  is  found  the  following  resignation  : 

Notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  Clerk  of  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa, 
that  I  have  this  day  resigned  my  office  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  and  for  Jefferson  Township, 
this  oth  day  of  October,  A.  D.  1850.  Andrew  J.  Smith. 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss. :  I,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  Organizing  Sheriff  of  said 
county,  do  certify  that  an  election,  held  in  said  county  on  the  6th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1849, 
Joshua  Kemp  was  then  duly  elected  Probate  Judge  of  said  countj'. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  this  14th  day  of  August,  A.  D. 
1847.  J-  M.  Fergu.son, 

Organizing  Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

On  the  back  of  the  certificate  appears  the  following  oath  of  ofiice : 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.  :  Y'ou  do  solemnly  swear  that  you  will  sup- 
port the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  and  in 
every  respect  discharge  the  duties  of  Probate  Judge  faithfully,  and  to  the  best  of  your  ability, 
80  help  you  God. 

Sept.  Ist,  A.  D.  1847. 

The  within  named  Joshua  Kemp  was  duly  sworn  into  office  by  me. 

D.  E.   CooPEB,    Clerk  of  District  Court. 
The  above  oath  recorded  September  1st,  A.  D.  1849. 

D.  E.  Cooper, 
Clerk  of  District  Court,  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

Written  on  one  corner  of  the  slip  is  the  following  resignation  : 

By  the  powers  of  the  within  certificate,  [  resign  my  office  as  Probate  Judge. 

Joshua  Kemp. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


345 


The  second  election  was  held  in  the  Summer  of  1851.  The  law  abolish- 
ing the  Commissioner  system  of  government  and  inaugurating  that  of  County 
Judge  had  come  into  force,  and  under  its  provisions  the  election  was  held  with 
the  following  result : 

John  B.  Hobbs,  County  Judge  ;  Jacob  Hauser,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court ; 
J.  M.  Ferguson,  School  Fund  Commissioner;  W.  H.  Weatherly,  Sheriff; 
George  Atwater,  Prosecuting  i\ttorney. 

At  the  April  election,  1852,  the  following  oflficers  were  chosen : 

J.  M.  Ferguson,  School  Fund  Commissioner ;  Mahlon  Woodward,  Treas- 
urer and  Recorder ;   Simon  L.  Baker,  Coroner. 

Prior  to  the  August  election,  in  1852,  another  township  had  been  created, 
known  as  Iowa  River  Township.  Ten  votes  were  cast  therein  at  the  August 
election.  There  were  seventy  votes  polled  in  the  county  at  that  time  on  the 
State  and  Congressional  ticket.  For  the  county  ticket,  there  were  eighty-four 
votes  cast.     The  following  county  officers  were  elected : 

William  Dishon,  Clerk  of  District  Court ;  Moses  Lacey,  Supervisor ;  Geo. 
Atwater,  Prosecuting  Attorney. 

The  first  Presidential  election  ever  held  in  the  county  took  place  November 
2,  1852.  The  list  of  townships  had  been  largely  increased  under  the  system 
of  Judge.     A  transcript  of  the  official  returns  is  here  preserved : 

Abstract  of  the  votes  cast  in  the  county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa,  in  the  respective  town- 
ships thereof,  on  the  2d  day  of  November,  A.  D.  1852,  for  the  offices  of  State  Electors  to  choose 
a  President  and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  of  America : 


First  Congressional  District. 

Second  Congressional  District. 

Townships  or  Precincts. 

1 
o 

OS 
4 

Thomas  E.  Claggett. 
John  P.  Finley. 

a 

3 
be 

3 
< 

■a 
§ 

1 

B 

a 
o 
£ 
« 
•a 
a 
« 

a 

a 

Economy 

11 

7 

10 

0 

i 
11 

11 

7 

10 

9 

4 

11 

11            11 
1               1 

5  5 
8            8 

6  6 

11                 11 

11 
1 
5 

8 
6 

11 

Iowa 

7 

10 

9 

4 

11 

7 

h\ 

9 

4 

11 

1 

.Teiferson 

5 

Marietta 

8 

Minerva 

6 

Total 

52 

52 

31          31 

52 

52       ;^i 

31 

April  4,  1853,  William  C.  Smith  was  elected  County  Judge,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  John  B.  Hobbs ;  J.  B.  Hughes,  Surveyor  ; 
Peter  Collins.  Drain  Commissioner. 

April  3,  1854,  J.  M.  Ferguson  was  elected  School  Fund  Commissioner  ; 
Delos  Arnold,  Prosecuting  Attorney  ;   William  H.  Howard,  Surveyor. 

August  6,  1855,  William  C.  Smith  was  re-elected  County  Judge  ;  William 
H,  Weatherly,  Sheriff;  Thomas  Mercer,  Treasurer  and  Recorder;  H.  H.  Sey- 
mour, Drain  Commissioner ;  W.  H.  Minord,  Surveyor ;  Jefferson  C.  Crook- 
ham,  Coroner. 

August,  1856,  James  L.  Williams  was  elected  District  Court  Clerk ;  Will- 
iam P.  Hepburn,  Prosecuting  Attorney  ;   Frederick  Baum,  Surveyor. 

August  3,  1857,  L.  L.  Harris  was  chosen  Sheriff ;  William  Bremner,  Sur- 
veyor; William  H.  Lindsey,  Coroner.  At  the  Spring  election,  E.  N.  Chapin 
had  been  elected  Drainage  Commissioner,  and  N.  C.  Smith,  County  Assessor. 


346  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

At  the  August  election,  the  people  voted  upon  the  proposition  to  strike  the 
word  "white  "  from  the  suffrage  clause  of  the  State  Constitution.  The  ballot 
stood  324  against  the  extension  of  suffrage  and  157  in  favor  of  it  in  this 
county. 

At  the  April  election,  1855,  the  people  voted  upon  the  question  of  allowing 
swine  to  run  at  large  in  the  county-     Following  is  the  vote  by  townships : 

For  the  Law     Against  the'Law 
Towns.  Rostraiuing.        Restraining. 

Iowa 50  24 

Liberty 10  11 

Marietta 31  16 

Bangor .' 25  8 

Marshall 48  1 

Le  Gniiid  34  3 

Jefferson 4  25 

Eden 12  2 

Minerva 31  12 

Total  245  102 

Appended  is  a  list  of  the  county  officers  from  the  year  1858  to  the  present 
time,  with  the  date  of  their  election : 

Clerk  of  IHstriet  t'owr^.— James  L.  Williams,  1858  to  1870 ;  Preston  M. 
Sutton,  1870 ;  F.  M.  Thomas,  1872 ;  Edward  R.  Jones,  1874. 

Superintendent  of  Schools. — J.  J.  Teagarden,  1858  ;  S.  W.  Griffin,  1859 ; 
A.  M.  Geiger,  1861*;  Cyrus  H.  Shaw,  1863;  Thomas  J.  Wilson,  1867  ;  Cyrus 
H.  Shaw,  1869 ;  Miss  Abbie  Gifford,  1873 ;  W.  W.  Spear,  1877. 

County  Judge. — William  Battin,  1859;  R.  Howe  Taylor,  1861;  Edwin 
A.  Rice,  1863  ;  T.  A.  Lampman,  1865. 

The  office  of  County  Judge  was  abolished  in  1861,  so  fjir  as  the  same  per- 
tained to  the  general  business  of  the  county  ;  but  the  name  was  retained  in  con- 
nection with  the  office  of  Probate  Judge,  and  so  continued  until  the  act  of  the 
Legislature,  approved  April  7,  1868,  which  entirely  abolished  the  office  and 
transferred  the  duties  to  the  Auditor.  Mr.  Lampman  served  as  Auditor  ad 
interim. 

County  Auditor. — Jabez  Banbury,  1869;  Alfred  N.  French,  1873. 

-S'/^mf.— Edwin  W.  Lockwood,  1859;  William  PI.  Weatherly,  1863; 
Thomas  E.  McCracken,  1865  ;  J.  L.  Herbert,  1869 ;  E.  C.  McMillan,  1878  ; 
George  S.  Hickox,  1875. 

Recorder  and  Treasurer. — Thomas  Schofield,  1859 ;  R.  Howe  Taylor, 
1863. 

Recorder. — John  Turner,  1864;  A.  J.  Cooper,  1866;  Francis  M.  Thomas, 
1868;  N.  C.  Messenger,  1872. 

Treasurer. — H.  A.  Gerhart,  1865  to  1875.  Mr.  Gerhart  became  involved 
in  his  accounts,  legal  proceedings  on  which  are  still  pending.  In  1875,  Byron 
A.  Beson  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office  to  fill  Gerhart's  unexpired  term, 
caused  by  the  latter's  death,  and  was  elected  to  the  place  in  1876.  He  is  the 
present  incumbent. 

Survci/or. — William  H.  Howard,  1859 ;  James  Thompson,  1861 ;  Archi- 
bald Allison,  1863 :  William  Bremner,  1865  to  date. 

Coroner.— Dayid  Clark,  1858;  T.P.Marshall,  1859;  C.Brown,  1861: 
D.  T.  Rickev,  1863 ;  W.  B.  Walters,  1865 ;  B.  F.  Kierulff,  1869 ;  W.  B. 
Walters,  1871 ;  James  Lang,  1873;  S.  E.  B.  Holt,  1875. 

[drainage  Coinmissioncr. — Thomas  Purnell,  1859;  Abram  Wickersham, 
l.^l;  J.  C.  Bently,  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  347 

The  Supervisor  system  of  government  began  in  1861,  and  continued  for  ten 
years.  The  following  list  of  township  representatives  exhibits  the  delegations 
by  years,  naming  the  localities  from  which  each  delegate  came : 

For  1861 — William  A.  Weatherly,  Marietta ;  William  Battin,  Marshall ; 
Henry  Bevins,  Liberty;  R.  McRill,  Iowa;  S.  T.  Bently,  Bangor ;  Geo.  Ham- 
bleton,  Minerva ;  C.  B.  Rhodes,  Eden ;  P.  M.  Scroggins,  Jeft'erson  ;  J.  M. 
Ferguson,  Timber  Creek;  William  Fallas,  Vienna;  P.  Jones,  Le  Grand;  E. 
Hilsabeck,  Green  Castle  ;  Samuel  Waltz,  Marion  ;  A.  Butter,  Washington. 

Abner  Wickersham  was  appointed  as  the  member  from  Washington,  vice  A. 
Butter,  deceased.  Levi  Saylor  was  appointed  as  the  member  from  Marion,  vice 
Samuel  Waltz,  removed  from  county. 

For  1862 — J.  M.  Ferguson,  Timber  Creek  ;  P.  M.  Scroggins,  Jefferson ; 
E.  Hilsabeck,  Green  Castle;  Samuel  Monnerny,  Washington;  C  B.  Rhodes, 
Eden ;  W.  Spence,  Minerva ;  G.  Wheeler,  Iowa ;  Joel  Brock,  Marion  ;  W. 
Fallas,  Vienna ;  Hiram  Hammond,  Le  Grand ;  Jacob  Rumdall,  Marietta ; 
William  Battin,  Marshall  ;   Hiram  Bevins,  Liberty  ;   S.  T.  Bently,  Bangor. 

Giles  Duncan  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  G.  Wheeler,  from 
Iowa  Township. 

For  1863 — C.  B.  Rhodes,  Eden  ;  H.  Hammond,  Le  Grand  ;  E.  Hilsabeck, 
Green  Castle  ;  A.  B.  Masterson,  Timber  Creek  ;  J.  H.  Marsh,  Marietta ;  J. 
Kinzer,  Liberty  ;  S.  T.  Bently,  Bangor  ;  Giles  Duncan,  Iowa  ;  Samuel  Richey, 
Vienna  ;  W.  Dunlap,  Washington  ;  W.  Spence,  Minerva  ;  P.  M.  Scroggins, 
Jefferson;   C.  Taft,  Marion;   W.  Battin,  Marshall. 

For  1864 — John  H.  Marsh,  Marietta ;  P.  M.  Scroggins,  Jefferson  ;  W.  C. 
Smith,  Green  Castle ;  S.  T.  Bently,  Bangor ;  W.  Spence,  Minerva ;  Samuel 
Beson,  Iowa ;  W.  Battin,  Marshall ;  S.  Richey,  Vienna  ;  W.  D.  Dunlap, 
Washington;  J.  Kinzer,  Liberty;  C.  Taft,  Marion;  A.  B.  Masterson,  Tim- 
ber Creek;  P.  A.  Asher,  Eden;  H.  Hanimond,  Le  Grand. 

Joseph  Glaspy  was  a  representative  from  Jeflerson,  vice  P.  M.  Scrog- 
gins. 

For  1865— William  Battin,  Marshall;  W.  C.  Smith,  Green  Castle;  C. 
Brown,  Washington;  J.  R.  Howard,  Liberty;  C.  A.  Haskins,  Le  Grand;  Jacob 
Whealen,  Marietta;  P.  A.  Culver,  Eden;  E.  J.  Coffin,  Bangor;  W.  Botson, 
Jefferson;  N.  C.  Gibson,  Marion;  S.  Richey,  Vienna;  S.  Beson,  Iowa;  A.  B. 
Masterson,  Timber  Creek  ;   G.  P.  Burkholder,  Minerva. 

For  1866— J.  M.  Rhodes,  Eden  ;  C.  A.  Haskins,  Le  Grand:  J.  B.  Cripps, 
Iowa;  G.  W.  S.  Michael,  Jefferson;  E.J,  Coffin,  Bangor;  E.  Hilsabeck, 
Green  Castle;  J.  Whealen,  Marietta;  C.  Brown,  Washington;  G.  P.  Burk- 
holder, Minesva:  S.  Richey,  Vienna;  J.  R.  Howard,  Liberty;  Thomas  Mercer, 
Marshall;  N.  C.  Gibson,  Marion;  A.  B.  Masterson,  Timber  Creek. 

For  1867— N.  C.  Gibson,  Marion;  J.  M.  Rhodes,  Eden;  J.  R.  Howard, 
Liberty;  E.  J.  Coffin,  Bangor;  W.  E.  Alexander,  Minerva;  C.  Brown,  Wash- 
ington; J.  B.  Cripps,  Iowa;  Thomas  Mercer,  Marshall;  S.  Richey,  Vienna; 
S.  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand;  James  Price,  State  Center;  G.  W.  S.  Michael,  Jeffer- 
son; A.  B.  Masterson,  Timber  Creek;  Jacob  Whealen,  Marietta:  B.  Hilsa- 
l)eck,  Green  Castle. 

For  1868 — Thomas  Mercer.  Marshall ;  A.  B.  Masterson,  Timber  Creek  ; 
E.  J.  Coffin,  Bangor ;  S.  Richey,  Vienna  ;  W.  D.  Alexander,  Minerva ;  N.  C. 
Gibson,  Marion  ;  Jacob  Whealen,  Marietta :  S.  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand ;  J.  R. 
Howard,  Liberty  ;  C  B.  Rhodes,  Eden ;  Samuel  Beson,  Iowa ;  C.  Wyatt, 
Washington  ;  Seth  ^  Smith,  Jefferson  ;  W.  Barnes,  State  Center  ;  J.  Seagar, 
Green  Castle. 


348 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


For  1869— J.  C.  Hopkins,  Marion;  E.  J.  Coffin,  Bangor;  S.  Ricliej,. 
Vienna  ;  Seth  Smith,  Jeft'erson  ;  Jacob  Whealen,  Marietta  ;  A,  B.  Masterson, 
Timber  Creek  ;  E.  K.  Wyatt,  Washington  ;  E.  N.  Chapm,  Marshall ;  W.  H. 
demons,  Minerva  ;  John  Seagar,  Green  Castle  ;  Jacob  Kinzer,  Liberty  ;  John 
Jeroleman,  State  Center;  C.  B.  Rhodes,  Eden;  S.  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand;  Sam- 
uel Beson,  Iowa. 

For  1870— E.  J.  CofiGn,  Bangor  ;  Jacob  Whealen,  Marietta  ;  A.  B.  Mas- 
terson, Timber  Creek  ;  E.  N.  Chapin,  Marshall ;  William  H.  Clemons,  Min- 
erva ;  Jacob  Kinzer,  Liberty  ;  Samuel  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand  ;  J.  C.  Hopkins, 
Marion  ;  G.  S.  Wilber,  Vienna ;  George  Currey,  Eden  ;  E.  A.  McMillan, 
Iowa  ;  J.  Reed,  Green  Castle  ;  Samuel  Beson,  Liscomb  ;  Nathaniel  S.  Ford, 
Logan  ;  Wm.  G.  Crary,  AVashington  ;  S,  Smith,  Jefferson  ;  John  Jeroleman, 
S'ate  Center. 

Subject  to  an  act  of  the  Thirteenth  General  Assembly  of  Iowa,  entitled 
'•  An  act  to  amend  Article  11  of  Chapter  22  of  the  Revision  of  1860,  creating 
a  Board  of  Supervisors,  and  acts  amendatory  thereto,"  contains  the  following : 
"  That  on  and  after  the  1st  day  of  January,  1871,  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of 
each  organizing  county  shall  consist  of  three  persons.  .  .  .  The  Supervisors 
shall  be  qualified  electors,  and  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  their 
respective  counties,  at  the  annual  election  in  each  year,  and  shall  hold  their 
offices  for  three  years,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  and  are  hereby  author- 
ized and  empowered  to  do  and  perform  all  such  duties  as  are  done  and  per- 
formed by  the  present  Board  of  Supervisors."  The  law  further  stated  that  one 
member  should  serve  one  year,  one  two  years,  and  one  three  years. 

Subject  to  the  above  law,  the  three  following-named  gentlemen  were  elected  : 
R.  Howe  Taylor,  Marshall ;  Samuel  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand ;  E.  J.  Coffin, 
Bangor  (2). 

For  1872— S.  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand ;  E.  J.  Coffin  Bangor ;  John  Turner, 
Marshall. 

For  1873— Samuel  T.  Mote,  Le  Grand;  E.  J.  Coffin,  Bangor;  Wm. 
H.  Steward,  Taylor. 

Steward,    Taylor  ; 


H. 


E.  J.   Coffin.  Bangor ;    Thoma& 


H. 


H. 


Steward,  Taylor ; 
Steward,  Taylor  ; 
Steward,   Tavlor ; 


Thomas  Schofield,  Le  Grand ; 
J.  G.  Brown,  Logan ;  E.  P. 
J.    G.    Brown,    Logan ;    E.    P. 


For  1874— Wm 
Schofield,  Le  Grand, 

For   1875— Wm 
J.  G.  Brown,  Logan 

For  1876— Wm, 
Thompson,  State  Center. 

For   1877— Wm.    H 
Thompson,  State  Center, 

For  1878— Wm.  H.  Steward,  Taylor;  E.  P.  Thompson,  State  Center; 
George  Hammond,  Le  Grand. 

Marsliall  County  has  been  represented  in  tlie  State  Legislature  by  the 
following  gentlemen  : 

SENATORS. 

1850,  Phineas  M.  Casaday ;  1852,  Andrew  Y.  Hull;  1854,  Theophilus 
Bryan,  elected  for  four  years,  but  election  contested  by  James  C.  Jordan,  who 
succeeded  in  gaining  his  seat  over  Bryan,  January  8,  1856.  The  District  was 
changed,  and  at  the  general  electon  in  1856,  Josiah  B.  Grinnell  was  chosen  for 
four  years.  In  1857,  the  District  was  again  clianged,  and  A.  M.  Pattison 
represented  Marshall  and  Jasper  during  '58,  '60  and  "62.  1864,  Henry  C.  Hen- 
derson ;  1868,  Wells  S.  Rice;  1872,  R.  Howe  Taylor;  1876,  Delos  Arnold. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  349 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

At  the  session  of  1850,  this  county  was  a  part  of  the  District  represented 
by  Lysander  W.  Babbitt  and  Edwin  R.  Guiberson.  In  1852,  by  J.  F.  Rice; 
Joseph  C.  Goodson  and  Benjamin  Green  ;  in  1854,  by  Samuel  B.  McCall ;  in 
1856,  by  Delos  Arnold;  in  1858,  by  T.  Walter  Jackson  ;  in  1860,  by  William 
Bremner ;  in  1862,  by  Thomas  Mercer ;  in  1864,  by  0.  F.  Hixson ;  in  1866, 
by  T.  J.  Wilson  ;  in  1868,  by  B.  W.  Johnson;  in  1870,  by  Delos  Arnold;  in 
1872,  by  James  L.  AVilliams;  in  1874,  by  W.  D.  Mills. 


THE  FIRST  COURTS. 

The  first  session  of  the  District  Court  in  this  county  was  held  in  the  house 
of  William  Ralls,  in  a  log  cabin  owned  by  him  in  the  edge  of  the  woods,  just 
north  of  the  present  site  of  Marshalltown,  in  the  Fall  of  1851.  Judge  William 
McKay  presided. 

The  county  was  attached  to  the  Fifth  Judicial  District.  The  business  -of 
the  court  at  that  session  was  merely  nominal.  There  were  present  several 
lawyers  who  afterward  became  well-known  in  political  and  judicial  circles. 
Among  them  were  Enoch  W.  Eastman,  subsequently  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
the  State ;  William  Seevers,  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  others. 

The  house  in  which  the  court  met  Avas  situated  near  the  present  residence  of 
William  H.  Weatherly. 

The  officers  of  the  court  were  Jacob  Hauser,  Clerk  :  William  H.  Weatherly, 
Sheriif.  The  latter  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  on  the  first  day  of  the 
session.  John  Crocker  and  N.  M.  Crocker,  of  Des  Moines,  Daniel  0.  Finch 
and  Mr.  Young ;  the  latter  acted  as  District  Attorney. 

There  was  no  petit  jury  draAvn.  The  grand  jury  consisted  of  Isaac  Meyer, 
James  Asher,  F.  M.  Clifton,  Green  Ralls,  William  E.  Stout,  Thomas  S.  Brown, 
Riley  Majors,  Blakeley  Brush,  Thomas  M.  Wimberly,  Hiram  Lackey,  Mahlon 
Woodward,  James  Pearson,  Wells  Titcomb,  Richard  Westlake  and  James  F. 
Hestwood.  Mahlon  Woodward  was  chosen  Foreman.  The  jury  were  instructed 
as  to  their  duties  and  given  into  the  charge  of  Moses  Lacey.  They  retired  to  a 
secluded  spot  in  the  woods  and  there  proceeded  Avith  the  solemn  business  of  the 
hour.     They  returned  to  court  and  reported  that  they  could  find  nothing  to  do. 

The  docket  of  the  court  consists  of  eleven  sheets  of  foolscap  paper  stitched 
together ;  the  writing  is  now  dim,  and  the  paper  is  yellow  with  age. 

The  first  case  of  record  is  that  of  William  Davidson  vs.  Rebecca  Davidson, 
a  suit  for  divorce.  It  is  remembered  that  when  the  complainant  rode  up  to  the 
house  of  Ralls  on  horseback,  Mrs.  Davidson  observed:  ''La!  Old  Billy  thinks 
he's  going  to  git  a  divorce,  anyhow.  See  how  straight  he  sits  up!"  The 
woman  was  right;  a  divorce  was  granted. 

The  incidents  related  of  the  lawyers  who  assembled  at  this  first  term,  show 
more  forcibly  than  the  formal  records  do,  the  style  of  living  and  the  peculiari- 
ties of  the  early  days.  It  is  said  that  Governor  Eastman  aided  in  cutting  gi'ass 
for  the  horses  owned  by  the  party,  and  that  Judge  Seevers  jocosely  assured  him 
he  was  better  at  making  windrows  than  speeches. 

The  dignified  court  slept  over  the  one  living-room,  parlor,  court-room  and 
kitchen,  which  composed  the  cabin  of  Mr.  Ralls.  The  men  swung  themselves 
up  among  the  rafters  and  climbed  into  a  gable  end  of  the  cabin.  There  they 
laid  their  honorable  heads  to  rest,  and  possibly  dreamed  of  future  prosperity  and 
professional  success. 


350  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

There  were  only  two  cases  that  received  any  attention  at  this  term.  The 
other  case  wa.s  that  of  Alexander  Smith  against  Greenburg  Haggans.  The 
Court  ordered  that  the  defendant  have  and  recover  of  the  plaintiff  his  costs, 
consisting  of  §22.68,  and  that  the  case  be  dismissed. 

The  first  trial  by  jury  in  this  court  that  the  writer  finds,  was  in  the  case  of 
Penny  against  Wright,  at  the  September  term,  1854.  There  may  possibly  have 
been  jury  trials  prior  to  this  period,  but  no  record  exist  to  show  such  a  thing. 

Henry  Dunn,  at  this  term,  declared  his  intention  on  oath,  that  it  was  his 
botta  iide  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  to  renounce  all 
allegiance  and  fidelity  to  all  and  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  State  and  sover- 
eignty whatever,  and  particularly  to  Victoria,  reigning  Queen  of  Great  Britain. 

The  first  criminal  trial  in  this  court  was  in  the  case  of  The  People  vs.  James 
Reed,  indicted  for  an  assault  Avith  intent  to  kill ;  Arnold  and  Finch  for  the 
State,  and  Foster  and  Templin  for  the  defendant.  He  was  convicted  of  an 
assault. 

The  District  Judges  who  have  presided  over  the  court  in  this  county  are  : 
William  McKay.  Charles  J.  McFarland,  James  D.  Thompson,  John  Porter, 
Daniel  D.  Chase  and  Isaac  J.  Mitchell. 

CIRCUIT   COURT. 

Subject  to  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  approved  April  3,  1868,  estab- 
lishing Circuit  and  General  Term  Courts  and  defining  their  powers  and  juris- 
dictions, the  first  term  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  Marshall  County  convened  in 
the  Court  House,  in  Marshalltown,  on  the  1st  day  of  February,  1869,  Hon. 
Henry  Hudson,  Judge  presiding ;  J.  H.  Bradley,  District  Attorney  ;  G.  S. 
McCracken,  Sheriff,  and  A.  P.  Williams,  Clerk. 

The  first  petit  jury  in  this  court  were  as  follows :  W.  D.  Inglehue,  Tho- 
mas Cole,  E.  Willigrod,  W.  Billings,  M.  H.  Wright,  Merrick  McCloskey, 
Henly  Thomas,  A.  F.  Culver,  Levi  Saylor,  J.  F.  Cooper,  John  Goshen,  M. 
Johnston  and  V.  V.  Draper. 

The  first  case  of  record  in  this  court  was  the  case  of  John  Turner  &  Co. 
against  Hiram  Willard,  which  resulted  in  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff. 


FISCAL  RECORDS. 

The  historian  is  dependent  upon  stray  sheets  and  chance  documents  for  in- 
formation relative  to  the  fii'st  year's  monetary  transactions.  The  Commis- 
sioners' Court  Records  are  so  carefully  laid  by  that  they  are  altogether  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  most  patient  searcher. 

There  is  a  slight  conflict  between  the  recollection  of  Judge  Smith  and  the 
oldest  written  evidence  of  the  meeting  of  the  first  Commissioners.  Mr.  Smith 
was  Clerk  of  the  Board  and  attested  the  proceedings  of  that  primal  meeting. 
His  present  impression  is  that  the  first  session  was  held  at  the  house  of  Jesse 
Amos,  in  the  now  Bangor  Township,  in  December,  1849  ;  but  the  time-stained 
paper  before  the  writer  reads  as  follows : 

To  the  Treasurer  of  Marshall  County,  State  of  Iowa  : 

Numher  of  county  orders  issued  in  Marshall  County,  State  of  Iowa,  at  ih^  first  term  of  Com- 
missioners' Court  of  said  county,  January  7,  1S50  : 

To  William  .J.  Asher,  for  services  as  .Judge  of  Election $1  00 

To  .Joseph  M.  Ferguson,  for  advertising  election To 

To  Josepli  M.  Ferguson,  filing  returns  of  election 60 

To  Joseph  M.  Ferguson,  issuing  certificates  of  election 4  25 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  351 

To  Joseph  M.  Ferguson,  services  as  Clerk  of  Election $1  00 

To  William  C.  Smith,  for  services  as  Clerk  of  Election 1  00 

To  AYilliam  C.  Smith,  for  paper  furnished  for  use  of  Boai-d 32 

To  Joseph  Cooper,  for  services  as  Judge  of  Election 1  00 

To  David  E.  Cooper,  for  services  as  Judge  of  Election 1  00 

To  Jesse  Amos,  for  one  day's  service  in  term 2  50 

To  Joseph  Cooper,  for  one  day's  service  in  term 2  50 

To  William  C.  Smith,  for  one  day's  service  in  term  as  Clerk 2  50 

Attest,  William  C.  Smith, 

[seal.]  Clerk  Board  County  Commissioners,  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa. 

The  foregoing  substantiates  two  points  claimed  by  the  writer  :  (1.)  The 
business  transacted  by  the  Board  was  solely  relative  to  the  first  election,  prov- 
ing that  no  other  prior  session  of  the  Board  had  been  held,  at  which  the  first 
election  expense  bills  were  audited,  and  aflBrming  this  as  the  first  meeting  ever 
held,  as  is  also  declared  in  the  title  of  the  Clerk's  minutes  ;  and  (2)  that  the 
session  was  brief,  as  one  day's  service  was  allowed  each  member.  This  brevity 
is  in  itself  a  sufficient  reason  to  cause  confusion  of  recollection  on  the  part  of 
Mr.  Smith,  especially  in  the  absence  of  written  evidence. 

On  the  strength  of  this  document,  it  is  here  given  as  fact  that  the  first  ses- 
sion of  the  Commissioners'  Court  was  held  at  the  house  of  Jesse  Amos,  who 
located  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  28,  Town  85  north,  Range  19  west,  on 
the  11th  day  of  July,  1848,  in  what  is  now  Bangor  Township.  There  were 
but  two  Commissioners  present,  Joseph  Cooper  and  Jesse  Amos.  The  disputed 
point  of  whether  James  Miller  or  some  other  man  was  the  third  Commissioner, 
is  not  settled  by  this  document  before  us.  William  C,  Smith,  as  has  been 
shown,  was  present  as  Clerk. 

The  second  session  was  held  in  April,  1850.  The  record  of  general  busi- 
ness is  still  lacking,  but  the  fiscal  report  supplies  partial  omissions.  County 
orders  fror^<  No.  13  to  No.  30  inclusive,  were  issued,  and  completed  the  list  of 
Election  Judges  and  Clerks  who  served  at  the  first  election,  left  uncompensated 
at  the  first  session.  Jesse  Amos  and  Joseph  Cooper  were  the  only  Commis- 
sioners present. 

The  July  term  took  up  the  work  of  issuing  county  orders  with  commendable 
devotion  to  business.  There  seems  to  have  been  still  a  few  judges  and  clerks  of 
election  unprovided  for,  and  these  worthy  gentlemen  were  relieved.  The  bal- 
ance of  the  work  was  pleasanter,  for  it  consisted  in  voting  $4  each  to  the  Com- 
missioners and  their  Clerk.  At  this  session,  John  J.  Ferguson  appears  for  the 
first  time  as  a  Commissioner.  The  county  orders  reached  from  No.  31  to  No. 
50  inclusive,  and  were  certified  to  bv  Mr,  Smith  as  the  only  orders  issued  prior 
to  July  16,  1850. 

The  Treasurer's  certificate  for  1850  is  here  given  : 
State  of  Iowa,  Mabshall  County,  ss. 

I,  Zeno  B.  Freeman,  Treasurer  of  said  county,  do  hereby  certify  that  I  have  received  of 
\Vm.  C.  Smith,  Clerk  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  said  county,  the  tax  list  for  the  year  A. 
D.  1850,  one  hundred  and  seven  dollars  fifty-eight  cents  and  three  mills,  of  which  thirty-three 
dollars  ninety-seven  cents  and  five  mills  is  due  the  State  of  Iowa. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  this  19th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1850. 

[Seal.]  Zeno  B.  Frekman,  Treasurer  of  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa. 

The  next  record  in  order  is  an  undated  paper,  of  which  a  transcript  is 
made,  with  slight  modifications  in  orthography  : 

County  funds  expended,  Marshall  County  and  State  of  Iowa,  A.  D.  1850  : 
Wm.  C   Smith,  Clerk  of  said  County,  one  year  and  expended  nothing. 
Made  out  tax  list  without  cost. 

John  B.  Hobbs,  Ex-County  Judge,  served  15  months  and  expended $260  00 

Jacob  Hauser,  Clerk  of  Marshall  County,  served  12  months  and  expended 
nothing. 


352  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Wm.  Dishon,  Clerk  of  said  County,  and  expended  for  paper $  75 

George  At  water,  former  County  Judge,  served  5  months  and  expended  : 

For  books '. 40  00 

For  county  seal 6  00 

Paid  for  table 6  25 

I'aid  for  benches -  00 

For  town  plat 6  00 

Cash  received  belonging  to  the  county §60  25 

Account  filed  against  the  county $25  00       40  00 

100  25 

After  our  readers  have  carefully  studied  the  foregoing  report,  they  will  undoubt- 
edly ask  wliat  it  means.  We  assure  them  sincerely  that  we  do  not  know.  It 
is  our  duty  to  give  facts  and  not  to  instruct  our  readers  in  the  mysteries  of  book- 
keeping in  the  early  days. 

The  first  volume  of  records  in  the  Treasurer's  oflBce  is  composed  of  three 
sheets  of  foolscap  paper,  upon  which  are  made  entries  by  Mahlon  Woodward, 
the  first  Treasurer,  beginning  with  the  date  of  December  1,  1851.  The  sheets 
are  but  partially  written  over  in  a  loose  manner,  but  cover  a  period  of  six  months. 

The  largest  amount  received  from  any  one  source  is  a  fine  collected  by  Sheriff 
Weatherly,  February  28,  1851,  from  William  and  Margarette  Peterman,  for  an 
"  assault  upon  the  person  of  William  Coddington."  The  nature  of  the  assault 
is  not  here  stated.    A  copy  of  the  entries  would  be  scarcely  intelligible  at  present. 

It  will  be  observed  that  no  mention  is  made  of  the  receipts  of  money,  but 
the  allowance  of  Assessors'  claims  for  service  appear  in  the  orders  issued  in 
1850.  In  the  County  Court  minutes,  also,  is  a  list  of  orders,  amounting  to 
$46,  drawn  in  favor  of  William  H.  Weatherly  and  Mahlon  Woodward  for  work 
in  "  assessing  property  for  1852." 

The  following  order  is  the  first  of  its  kind  met  with  in  the  records  : 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County  :  At  a  session  of  County  Court  held  in  the  town  of 
Marietta,  on  the  23d  day  of  July,  1852,  an  order  was  given  to  levy  a  tax  as  follows  :  For  State, 
one  and  one-lialf  mills  on  the  dollar ;  for  county  purposes,  five  mills  on  the  dollar  :  for  road  pur- 
poses, one  mill  on  the  dollar  ;  and  one  dollar  of  poll  road  tax  :  for  school  purposes,  one  mill  on  a 
dollar,  on  all  the  taxable  property  on  the  assessment  roll,  and  also  fifty  cents  poll  tax  on  all 
persons  twenty-one  years  of  age,  for  county  purposes.  John  B.  Hobbs,  County  Judge. 

July  the  28d,  A.  D.  1852. 

The  following  certificate  is  found  on  a  single  sheet : 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  I  have  issued  county  orders  since  the  first  day  of  September,  A. 
D.  1852,  to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  and  fifty-seven  dollars  and  forty  cents,  and  have,  in 
that  time,  canceled  county  orders  to  the  amount  of  seventy  eight  dollars  and  forty  cents;  and 
that  I  have  issued  town  orders  to  the  amount  of  $126.94,  and  have  on  hand  notes,  and  have  can- 
celed orders  to  the  amount  of  $35.00,  leaving  an  indebtedness  of  $91.94,  and  have  on  hand 
$35.70  and  9  mills  for  road  purposes.  John  B.   Hobbs,  County  Judge. 

From  the  year  1853,  the  financial  statements  are  clear  and  easily  compre- 
hended. The  following  report  of  the  first  year  of  Judge  Smith's  occupancy 
of  the  oilice  is  given  : 

Receipts  and   Expenditures  of  the    County  of  Mar.shatl,  loiva,  for   the  fiscal  year  ending  July  5th, 
A..  U.  ItyoS, 

The  whole  amount  of  warrants  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  in  the  above  is....  $645  55 
Of   the  above  amount   there  were  canceled  at   the  July  Term   of   said 

County  Court 241    49 

Leaving  of  the  amount  issued  last  year  not  canceled 404  06 

The  wliole  amount  of  county  warrants  canceled  at  the  July  Term  of  said 

County  Court 364  19 

.\mount  of  old  warrants  brought  in  and  issued  Sept.  7,  A.  D.  1850 65  54 

Showing  an  indebtedness  of  this  county  up  to  this  date,  to  wit,  Sept.  7, 

1853 469  60 

Wm.  C.  Smith. 
County  Judge  of  .Marshall  County,  Iowa. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  353 


SOCIAL  AND  AGRICULTURAL  STATISTICS. 

The  first  census  taken  in  Marshall  County  was  for  the  year  1850,  that  suc- 
ceeding the  organization  of  the  county.  There  were  then  338  inhabitants.  In 
1851,  the  number  had  increased  to  454 ;  in  1852,  to  710  ;  in  1854,  to  1,607  ; 
in  1856,  to  4,460.  At  this  date  the  products  had  reached  considerable  dimen- 
sions. There  were  15,704  acres  of  land  under  improvement,  from  which  were 
harvested  2,515  tons  of  hay,  10  bushels  of  grass  seed,  19,988  bushels  of 
Spring  wheat,  406  bushels  of  Winter  wheat,  27,170  bushels  of  oats,  246,028 
bushels  of  corn,  16,795  bushels  of  potatoes.  The  stock  product  was  valued  at 
$13,633  for  hogs,  and  $20,285  for  cattle  sold.  There  were  48,344  pounds  of 
butter,  and  2,675  pounds  of  cheese  made,  4,105  pounds  of  wool  clipped;  and 
the  domestic  manufactures  were  valued  at  $3,062,  and  the  general  manufactures 
at  $22,908. 

In  1859,  the  population  had  reached  5,713;  in  1860,6,015;  in  1863, 
7,550  ;  in  1865,  8,759.  In  1866,  ten  years  after  the  foregoing  report  of  pro- 
ducts, Marshall  had  26  miles  of  railroads  completed  ;  three  institutions  of 
learning  above  academy  grade ;  her  manufactures  amounted  to  $11,416  in 
value  ;  and  $159,529  worth  of  farm  machinery  was  returned  in  the  census. 
There  were  368,935  bushels  of  Spring  wheat  harvested,  280,892  bushels  of 
oats,  727,015  bushels  of  corn,  855  bushels  of  rye,  251  bushels  of  Winter 
wheat,  and  3,770  bushels  of  barley,  23,852  gallons  of  sorghum  syrup,  1,720 
tons  of  tame  hay,  49,492  bushels  of  potatoes,  2,851  bushels  of  onions,  188 
bushels  of  flax  seed,  11,102  pounds  of  honey  taken,  273,254  pounds  of  butter, 
and  21,291  pounds  of  cheese  made,  108,451  pounds  of  wool  clipped ;  while 
the  average  per  cent,  of  products  to  the  acre  was  among  the  highest  in  the 
State.     In  stock  raising  it  was  crowding  hard  upon  the  older  counties. 

In  1867,  the  population  was  11,513;  in  1869,  15,514;  in  1870,  17,576; 
in  1873,  18,272  ;  and  by  the  last  census,  that  of  1875,  taken  just  a  quarter  of 
a  century  after  the  first  census  of  the  county,  the  following  facts  are  shown  : 

The  total  population  of  the  county  is  19,629.  Of  this  number,  6,617  are 
natives  of  Iowa,  and  10,551  are  natives  of  other  parts  of  the  United  States. 
There  were  at  that  time  6,129  children  from  6  to  21  years.  The  voters  num- 
bered 4,445,  and  the  militia  3,234. 

The  products  of  1875  amounted  to  1,125,382  bushels  of  Spring  wheat, 
2,808,256  bushels  of  corn,  465,245  bushels  of  oats,  67,151  bushels  of  barley, 
and  about  6,000  bushels  of  other  small  grains.  There  were  177,303  acres 
under  cultivation.  There  were  34,792  bushels  of  flax  seed  harvested ;  7,709 
gallons  of  sorghum  syrup  made  ;  13,106  tons  of  tame,  and  21,570  tons  of  wild 
hay  cut ;  and  5,422  bushels  of  grass  seed  saved  ;  166,211  bushels  of  potatoes, 
1,593  bushels  of  onions,  10,634  bushels  of  turnips,  2,953  bushels  of  beets,  and 
1.507  bushels  of  pease  and  beans  raised.  While  this  cannot  be  called  a  preemi- 
nently fine  fruit  region,  still  there  are  many  fine  orchards  and  much  fruit  raised, 
especially  apples  and  small  fruits.  Grapes  grow  well,  but  not  equal  in  quantity 
to  the  more  favored  localities.       There  were  145,897  pounds  gathered  in  1875. 

The  herd  and  dairy  statistics  indicate  the  natural  advantages  of  the  county. 
In  1874,  there  were  625,418  pounds  of  butter,  and  5,083  pounds  of  cheese 
made ;  while  only  8,135  milch  cows  are  reported.  There  were  66,311  gallons 
of  milk  sold  in  1874. 

There  were  56,553  hogs  returned  as  on  hand.  In  1874,  there  were  41,509 
hogs  marketed.     It  is  somewhat  suggestive  that  but  3,318  fine  blooded  hogs 


354 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


were  reported.     This  shows  that  the  farmers  are  not  fully  awake  to  the  benefits 
of  good  blood  and  more  careful  breeding. 

There  were  l:),24i»  pounds  of  wool  clipped,  in  1874,  from  7,062  sheep. 

The  total  value  of  the  farm  products  in  the  county  in  1874,  was  $2,368,678. 
Market  garden  products  amounted  to  $19,152  ;  orchard  products,  $15,099  ;  small 
fruits,  $18,528  ;  herd  products,  $590,713  ;  dairy,  $141,945,  and  forest,  $34,153. 

These  figures  show  that  the  life  of  the  county  is  in  herd  and  dairy — espe- 
cially in  hogs.  The  two  interests — dairy  and  hogs — are  inseparable,  and  are 
susceptible  of  limitless  extension  in  this  well-favored  county.  The  broad  prai- 
ries are  just  suited  to  pasturage;  are  well  Avatered,  well  drained  of  stagnant 
pools,  and  suited  in  every  way  to  these  industries.  Since  Iowa  butter  has 
risen  to  the  rank  of  A  No.  1  in  the  Eastern  markets,  a  grand  possibility  is 
presented  to  the  husbandman  here.  The  investment  of  capital  in  creameries  is 
one  of  the  most  satisfactory  that  can  be  imagined  in  such  a  country  as  this. 

The  county  fulfills  the  promise  of  early  days,  and  handsomely  maintains  its 
average  of  per  cent,  of  productiveness. 

The  county  does  not  rank  high  as  a  manufacturing  locality ;  still,  the  class 
of  industries  already  established  are  such  as  consume  the  native  productions. 
In  1874,  there  were  sixty-one  factories,  of  all  kinds,  in  the  county,  which  con- 
sumed 27,000  cubic  feet"  of  wood,  2,000  pounds  of  wool,  32,400  pounds  of 
leather,  60,000  bushels  of  flax  seed,  165,000  bushels  of  wheat,  27,000  bushels 
corn  and  7,000  bushels  of  barley  ;  total  value  of  raw  materials  used,  $609,330. 

There  was  one  coal  mine,  which  turned  out  600  tons,  valued  at  $1,800,  in 
1874  ;  but  the  chief  quarry  interests  are  in  building-stone,  which  aggregated 
$27,700  in  1874,  and  has  since  then  been  largely  increased. 

There  are  four  seminaries  in  the  county. 

CENSUS  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY,  AS  RETURNED  IN  1875. 


Albion,  town  of 

Bangor 

Eden 

Green  Castle 

Iowa,  exc.  of  Albion 

.JeflFerson 

Le Grand 

Liberty 

Liscomb,  exc.  of  town 

Liscomb,  town  of. 

Logan  

Marietta, 

Marion 

Marshall,  exc.  of  Marshalltown. 

Mincrvii 

State  Centre,  exc.  town  of 

State  Centre,  town  of 

Taylor 

Timber  Creek 

Vienna 

Washington 


Total 1 15245    5391 


POPULATION. 


•238 
442 
38U 
628 
233 
410 
815 
399 
302 
203 
234 
495 
459 
242 
378 
297 
413 
260 
373 
408 
455 


270 
402 
313 
525 
227 
349 
782 
357 
291 
1G9 
199 
421 
401 
233 
318 
236 
383 
227 
352 
336 
390 


NATIVITY. 


508 
844 
693 

1153 
460 
759 

1697 
756 
593 
372 
433 
916 
860 
475 
696 
533 
796 
487 
725 
744 
845 


176 
347 
239 
369 
212 
267 
575 
327 
232 
120 
137 
329 
343 
158 
262 
178 
185 
177 
263 
244 
251 


p. 5 


327 
474 

390 
604 

239 
389 
722 
381 
340 
245 
216 
510 
477 
215 
246 
303 
486 
299 
399 
448 
448 


23 
54 

180 
9 

103 

300 
48 
21 
7 
80 
77 
40 

102 

121 
52 

125 
11 
63 
44 

146 


138 
181 
159 
245 
95 
153 
312 
172- 
136 
97 
85 
202 
190 
108 
117 
115 
203 
106 
163 
185 
185 


8168  1611   3346 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


355 


CENSUS   OF    MARSHALLTOWN,  1875. 


POPULATION. 

NATIVITY. 

Marshalltown,  City  of  C.  H. 

"3 

"3 
1 

■i 

1 

a 
g 

.5° 

a 
1 

S 

>■ 
o 

1 

First  Ward 

476 
440 
709 
583 

480 
461 
675 
560 

956 

901 

1384 

1143 

247 
285 
367 
327 

525 
504 
734 
630 

185 
112 
283 
186 

224 

Second  Ward 

219 

Third  Ward 

328 

Fourth  Ward 

328 

Total  of  City 

4884 

1226 

2398 

766 

1099 

Total  of  County 

19629 

6617 

10551 

2377 

4445 

THE  COUNTY  SEAT  CONTEST. 

The  location  of  the  seat  of  justice  produces  more  or  less  agitation  in  eveiy 
county ;  but  the  excitement  attending  the  settlement  of  this  vexed  question  in 
Marshall  County  was  never  surpassed  in  the  history  of  the  State. 

The  elaboration  of  this  topic  is  one  of  the  most  delicate  tasks  that  has  fallen 
to  the  lot  of  the  writer.  He  has  endeavored  to  give  facts  and  results,  omitting 
unpleasant  details  of  methods,  and  has  conscientiously  performed  the  duty 
assigned  him.  If  the  history  falls  short  of  the  expectation  of  partisans,  let  it 
be  borne  in  mind  that  we  compile  our  record  from  an  impartial  stand-point. 
While  it  is  true  that  the  animosities  of  the  olden  time  have  greatly  diminished, 
and  the  opposing  factions  mingle  in  unity  and  accept  the  judgments  of  the 
courts  without  murmur,  it  nevertheless  becomes  a  most  exacting  task  for  one  to 
preserve  in  consecutive  form  a  true  statement  of  the  affair  and  avoid  the  impu- 
tation of  partisanship.  That  such  a  motive  is  possible  on  our  part,  surely  no 
man  will  contend.  We  shall  try  to  give  only  the  truth,  gathered  from  a  volu- 
minous mass  of  court  records,  as  well  as  from  individual  recitals  of  incidents 
connected  with  the  "war." 

The  official  records  are  full,  and  preserve  the  legal  points  of  the  case  in 
undisputed  accuracy  ;  but  they  do  not  point  out  the  motives  which  actuated  the 
leaders,  or  the  many  details  of  procedure  which  were  the  life  and  soul  of  the 
contest.  We  shall  try  not  only  to  give  a  legal  record,  but  also  a  history  of 
the  affair  in  such  manner  as  to  enlighten  future  generations  on  the  subject,  and 
retain  what  will  soon  become  inaccessible — the  stort/  of  the  fight. 

That  blood  was  not  shed  during  the  controversy  is  a  great  marvel.  Proba- 
bly the  coolness  and  personal  bravery  of  the  leaders  alone  prevented  a  crimson 
shade  being  given  to  the  history  of  the  affair. 

It  is  necessary  to  begin  this  chapter  by  introducing  an  account  of  the  loca- 
tion of  the  county  seat  at  Marietta. 

For  two  years  after  the  formal  organization  of  Marshall  County,  a  seat  of 
justice  was  not  designated.  By  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State 
of  Iowa,  approved  January  21,  1851,  Messrs.  B.  B.  Berry,  of  Mahaska  County; 
Manly  Gifford,  of  Jasper  County,  and  W.  W.  Miller,  of  Dallas  County,  were 
appointed  Commissioners  to  perform  that  work.  The  act  provided  that  those 
gentlemen  should  meet  at  some  convenient  point  in  this  county  on  the  third 


356  HISTORY  OF  ^MARSHALL  COUNTY 

Monday  of  April,  1851,  or  within  six  months  thereafter,  and  thence  proceed  to 
examine  the  various  eligible  localities  in  the  county,  and  choose  the  one  which, 
in  their  unbiased  opinion,  was  the  most  suitable  for  the  purposes  for  the  present 
and  future. 

The  law  was  obeyed  by  Manly  Gilford  and  W.  W.  Miller,  a  majority  of  the 
Commissioners,  who  met  at  the  house  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  Jacob 
Hauser,  and  there,  on  the  18th  day  of  August,  1851,  subscribed  to  the  follow- 
ing oath  : 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss  :  We,  Manly  Gifford  and  W.  W.  Miller,  do  solemnly 
swear  that  we  have  no  interest,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  location  of  the  county  seat  of  Mar- 
shall County,  and  that  we  will  faithfully  and  impartially  locate  the  same  according  to  the  best 
interest  of  said  county,  taking  into  consideration  the  future  as  well  as  the  present  population  of 
said  county.     So  help  you  (sic)  God.  Manly  Gifford, 

W.  W.  Miller. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  befoi-e  me,  this  18th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  18.51. 

Jacob  Hauser, 
Clerk  of  District  Court  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

After  an  examination  of  the  county,  the  two  Commissioners  reported  in 
favor  of  a  site.  The  official  documents  of  the  oath  and  the  report  show  but  one 
day's  diiference  in  date ;  but  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  the  gentlemen  were  pre- 
pared, by  previous  investigation,  to  give  a  proper  decision.  It  must  not  be 
inferred  that  a  spirit  of  unfairness  actuated  them,  or  that  they  were  insensible 
to  the  importance  of  their  trust.  The  rumor  that  an  offer  from  John  B.  Hobbs 
captured  them  is  unsubstantiated  by  any  evidence.  Undoubtedly,  the  proprie- 
tors of  property  in  various  localities  exercised  the  unquestionable  right  of 
urging  their  several  claims. 

At  all  events,  the  report  filed  by  the  Commissioners  with  the  Clerk  of  the 
County  Court  is  as  follows  : 

The  undersigned  Commissioners,  appointed  by  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  January  21, 
1851,  to  locate  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  having  met  and  qualified,  according  to 
law.  have  located  the  said  seat  of  justice  on  the  following-described  quarter  section,  viz.  :  The 
east  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  18,  in  Township  84  north,  of  Range  19  west,  and 
the  west  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  18,  in  Township  84  north,  of  Range  18  west  ; 
and  the  undersigned  give  said  county  seat  the  name  of  Marietta. 

Given  under  our  hands,  this  the  19th  day  of  August,  A    U.  18-51. 

Manly  Gifford, 
W.   W.   Miller, 

Commissioners. 

It  was  thus  that  the  county  seat  became  a  fixed  locality,  and  cause  of  heart- 
burnings and  enmity  was  introduced  into  the  lovely  county  of  Marshall. 

While  this  was  transpiring,  strangers  had  entered  the  land  and  builded  up 
unto  themselves  altars  for  the  worship  of  other  gods  than  those  before  whom 
Marietta  bowed  the  knee.  While  John  B.  Hobbs  and  Isaac  Dawson  were  pur- 
chasing from  the  Government  the  lands  upon  which  Marietta  was  located,  as  is 
explained  in  a  subsequent  chapter,  and  platting  a  town,  in  October,  1851,  Mr. 
Henry  Anson  was  planning  a  city  to  the  southeast  of  Marietta,  and  summoning 
to  him  his  clans.  The  original  plat  of  Marshall,  as  it  was  then  called,  was 
recorded  in  August,  1853 ;  but  Mr.  Anson  had  located  the  site  of  the  present 
metropolis  of  the  county  in  the  Spring  of  '51.  Hence  it  was  that  the  rivalry 
between  the  locations  began  from  the  very  moment  of  the  decision  of  the 
Commissioners. 

Meanwhile,  the  county  seat  was  the  object  of  attraction.  It  was  near  the 
o-eographical  center  of  the  county,  and  the  chances  were  exceedingly  favorable 
to  its  permanent  selection  as  the  seat  of  justice.  While  truth  compels  the  ad- 
mission that   Marshall  equaled  Marietta  in  natural   advantages  of  beauty  and 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  357 

healthfulness,  it  is  by  no  means  true  that  the  claims  of  the  Mariettans  in  these 
regards  were  unfounded.  The  village  is  described  by  those  who  knew  it  at  its 
best,  as  more  than  an  ordinarily  lovely  spot,  and  one  well  suited  to  the  develop- 
ment of  a  town. 

But  the  fates  conspired  against  the  embryotic  city.  "  Whom  the  gods  wish 
to  destroy  they  first  make  mad,"  is  an  old  but  truthful  classical  allusion.  The 
blood  of  the  county-seat  advocates  was  thoroughly  aroused,  and  war  became 
inevitable,  unless  the  Marshallites  retired  from  the  field.  Such  a  hope  as  that 
was  surely  based  upon  a  meager  understanding  of  the  Marshall  spirit ;  for  the 
orthography  of  the  name  might  have  been  slightly  changed  w^ith  peculiar  signifi- 
cance. The  martial  propensities  of  the  settlers  who  came  to  the  new  village 
were  as  marked  as  were  those  of  the  Marietta  people. 

In  1853,  the  village  of  Marshall  became  a  fixed  fact,  and  the  struggle  for 
honor  and  permanence  increased.  The  opposing  factions,  in  1853,  were  com- 
posed of  men  of  ability  and  severe  determination.  For  Marietta  stood  W.  C. 
Smith,  John  B.  Hobbs.  George  Atwater,  William  Dishon,  W.  H.  Weatherly, 
Alexander  Crow,  et  ah,  while  Marshall  was  represented  by  Henry  Anson, 
Wells  S.  Rice,  John  Shields  and  others. 

In  the  Spring  of  1852,  George  Atwater  moved  to  Marietta  from  Circleville, 
Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  William  Dishon  had  preceded  him 
there,  and  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  Mr.  Atwater  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  county  in  1852,  and  Mr.  Dishon  was  chosen  Clerk 
of  the  District  Court  at  the  same  time. 

John  B.  Hobbs  was  County  Judge,  and  in  that  capacity  had  authority  to 
provide  for  the  enaction  of  county  buildings.  In  the  Fall  of  1852,  Judge  Hobbs 
entered  into  a  contract  with  Alexander  Crow  to  erect  a  small  Court  House  at 
Marietta.  The  ofiicial  papers  show  that  the  edifice  was  to  have  been  no  very 
elaborate  affair,  but  all  that  the  new  county  then  required.  The  contract 
is  not  preserved,  but  the  schedule  of  dimensions  and  the  bond  are  here 
copied : 

SCHEDULE. 

Marshall  County  Court  House,  as  agreed  by  Indentures.  19th  July,  1852 : 

Dimensions — 32x22  feet,  one  story  in  height,  9  feet  clear.  Partition,  cutting  ofiF  12  feet ; 
small  room  divided  into  two  parts. 

Timber — sills,  10  inches  square;  plates  8  inches  wide  and  6  inches  thick;  post,  8  inches 
square. 

Building  to  be  raised  18  inches  above  ground  by  12  pillars  solid  wood,  set  1  foot  in  earth, 
5  under  each  side  sill ;  one  under  each  end  sill. 

To  be  inclosed  by  15th  October  next,  walnut  and  pine  siding,  dressed  and  painted. 

To  be  covered  with  walnut  shingles  18  inches  long,  6  inches  to  the  weather.  To  have  2 
batten  doors.  1  in  each  small  room ;   1  large  3-paneled  door  in  end  fronting  square. 

Windows,  6 ;  1  in  each  small  room,  1  in  each  side  of  large  room,  1  on  each  side  of  door 
fronting  square  ;  lights  10x12. 

Square  eave  cornice,  barge  boards,  with  same  molding  under  eave. 

Floor,  seasoned  oak  plank  1^  inches  thick,  laid  down  with  square  joint.  Inside  to  be  lathed 
and  plastered. 

Building  to  be  entirely  completed  15th  May,  1853. 

BOND. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  That  we,  Alexander  Crow,  William  Dishon,  Mahlon  Wood- 
ward, hereby  acknowledge  ourselves  to  owe  the  county  of  Marshall,  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  the  lawful 
sum  of  eighteen  hundred  and  ten  dollars,  for  the  full  and  true  payment  of  which  we  hereby  bind 
ourselves,  our  heirs,  executors  and  administrators. 

Dated  at  Marietta,  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  this  19th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1852. 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  is  such  that  whereas,  the  said  Alexander  Crow  has 
covenanted  and  agreed  with  said  Marshall  County,  by  indentures  bearing  date  the  19th  day  of 
July,  A.  D.  1852,  lO  build  a  certain  Court  House,  in  manner  and  form  as  therein  set  forth.    Now 

D 


358  HISTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

tehrefore,  if  ihe  said  Crow  shall  faithfully  observe  and  fulfill  the  requirements  and  covenant  so 
agreed  to,  and  made  by  him  on  his  part  as  therein  expressed,  then  this  obligation  to  be  void  and 
of  no  effect.     Otherwise  to  be  in  full  force  and  virtue  in  law. 

Alexander  Crow.        [Seal.] 
William  Dishon.  [Seal.] 

Mahlon   Woodward.    [Seal.] 

This  positive  effort  to  secure  the  county  seat,  by  constructing  buildings  at 
Marietta,  aroused  the  Marshallites  to  hostile  demonstrations  against  Marietta 
and  the  Judge.  It  transpired  that  Judge  Hobbs,  for  some  reason  not  clearly 
shown,  resigned  his  office  in  the  early  winter  of  1852.  Prosecuting  Attorney 
Atwater  became  ex  officio  County  Judge  until  the  Spring  election  in  1853. 

George  Atwater,  who  figures  quite  extensively  at  this  point  in  the  history, 
was  a  young  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability.  He  was  well  read  in  his  pro- 
fession, of  ready  native  wit,  and  possessed  many  acquired  advantages  over  his 
brother  lawyers.  But,  like  numerous  other  Western  professional  men  at  that  time, 
he  had  contracted  a  love  for  spirituous  drinks,  and  was  almost  beyond  redemption 
in  the  habit  of  profane  language.  The  periodic  indulgence  of  his  appetite  and 
the  incessant  indulgence  of  his  disagreeable  expressions,  soon  led  to  the  social 
ostracism  of  Atwater.  Marietta's  doors  were  closed  against  a  young  man  who 
might  have  been  an  ornament  to  the  society  of  the  little  town. 

In  1853,  he  in  company  with  his  brother,  kept  bachelors'  hall  in  a  house  on 
the  outskirts  of  the  town.  It  was  at  this  time  that  William  C.  Smith  was 
elected  County  Judge.  Mr.  Smith  was  residing  on  his  farm  on  the  middle 
branch  of  Timber  Creek,  when  he  was  named  as  a  candidate  for  the  office.  The 
selection  of  Judge  at  this  April  election  was,  as  has  been  shown,  the  result 
of  Judge  Hobbs'  resignation,  and  the  successful  candidate  was  required  to  take 
the  office  from  George  Atwater,  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  e.r  officio  County 
Judge. 

The  Marshall  men  nominated  Isaac  N.  Griffith,  and  the  Marietta  men  Will- 
iam C.  Smith.     Thomas  Gordon  was  also  a  candidate.     The  vote  stood : 

William  C.  Smith 59 

Isaac  N.  Griffith  28 

Thomas  Gordon 24 

The  following  certificate  was  issued : 

The  State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  to  wit  : 

At  an  election  holden  in  said  county  on  the  first  Monday  of  April,  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  fifty-three,  William  C.  Smith  was  elected  to  the  office  of  County  .Judge  of  the  above 
county  to  fill  the  vacancy  of  John  B.  Hobbs,  resigned.  And  the  said  William  C.  Smith  will  con- 
tinue to  hold  the  said  office  till  the  August  election,  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty- 
five.     And  he  has  qualified  by  taking  the  oath  of  office,  as  requ'red  by  law. 

Witness,  William  Dishon,  and  the  seal  of  the  District  Court  of  said  county,  this  eleventh  day 
of  April.  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-three.  William  Dishon, 

Clerk  District  Court  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

Mr.  Smith  was  declared  duly  elected  and  removed  to  Marietta  at  once.  He 
was  accosted  by  Atwater,  who  applied  to  him  for  board.  Judge  Smith  replied 
that  the  rumors  concerning  the  conduct  of  the  attorney  were  such  as  to  produce 
an  unfavorable  impression,  but  that  he  would  give  Atwater  a  trial.  His  stay 
was  conditional  ujjon  his  observing  gentlemanly  deportment.  During  the  two 
or  three  months  which  Atwater  resided  with  the  Judge,  he  was  never  known  to 
drink  liquor,  and  but  once  did  he  forget  himself  in  the  use  of  profane  language. 
The  cause  of  that  lapse  was  almost  sufficient  to  excuse  the  transgression.  He 
was  seated  at  table,  and  attempted  to  partake  of  "  bean  soup,"  a  dish  noted 
for  its  capability  of  retaining  heat.  A  greedy  mouthful  of  the  boiling  liquid 
created  an  explosion  that  was  too  humorous  to  permit  of  lasting  censure. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  569 

Atwater  had  been  a  Griffith  man  and  still  entertained  regrets  at  the  defeat 
of  his  candidate.  It  soon  transpired  that  he  was  detected  in  the  expression  of 
sympathy  for  Marshall,  and  awakened  a  response  from  the  ever-ready  Marshall 
men,  who  were  quick  to  perceive  their  opportunity  to  exert  an  influence  upon 
the  young  officer. 

It  has  been  shown  in  this  chapter  that  but  two  of  the  three  Locating  Commis- 
sioners really  visited  Marshall  County  and  chose  Marietta  for  the  seat  of  justice. 
Because  of  the  absence  of  a  unanimous  vote,  Mr.  Atwater,  who  retained  his 
title  of  Judge,  was  induced  to  rule  that  the  location  was  illegal.  It  was  repre- 
sented by  Marshall  men  that  no  desire  to  change  the  seat  was  entertained  by 
them,  but  that  the  proper  compliance  with  law  was  the  only  motive  which  actu- 
ated them. 

On  the  strength  of  those  assertions,  Mr.  Atwater  joined  the  Marshallites  in 
petitioning  Judge  McKay,  of  Des  Moines,  then  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial 
District,  to  which  Marshall  was  attached,  for  the  exercise  of  the  prerogative 
vested  in  the  Judge  of  the  District  Court,  by  law,  in  the  vacation  of  the  Legis- 
lature, and  consent  to  the  appointment  of  a  new  Board  of  Locating  Commis- 
sioners. It  was  held  out  to  Judge  McKay  that  the  people  of  the  county  were 
exceedingly  anxious  to  prevent  any  trouble  in  the  future  by  securing  the  loca- 
tion of  the  seat  in  an  absolute  manner. 

After  a  consideration  of  the  subject.  Judge  McKay  concluded  to  appoint  a 
Board,  and  designated,  under  provisions  of  the  General  Assembly  aci,  approved 
January  12,  1853,  the  following  men  to  serve  as  Commissioners :  Wm.  Wood, 
of  Story  County,  William  Taylor,  of  Tama  County,  and  Jesse  Rickman,  of 
Jasper  County. 

These  men  were  favorable  to  the  re-location  of  the  county  seat  at  Marshall, 
and  the  honorable  court  had  clearly  been  victimized.  Upon  learning  of  the 
misrepresentations,  Judge  McKay  revoked  the  appointment ;  but  the  Board 
failed  to  respond  to  the  second  order  of  the  Court. 

The  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  Judge  proceeded  to  discharge  their 
pretended  duty,  and  announced  Marshall  as  the  most  eligible  site  for  a  county 
seat. 

Meanwhile,  work  had  progressed  upon  the  new  Court  House  at  Marietta, 
which  was  being  completed  as  rapidly  as  circumstances  would  permit. 

Because  of  instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  Hon.  George  W.  Mc- 
Clary,  Judge  Smith  did  not  execute  his  official  bonds  at  once,  but  deferred  their 
issuance  until  July  23,  1853.  This  fact  was  made  use  of  by  Atwater,  with 
other  points,  and  he  appeared  before  the  Supreme  Court  at  Iowa  City,  and 
asked  for  a  writ  of  mandamus  compelling  Judge  Smith  to  remove  the  county 
seat  to  Marshall,  on  the  strength  of  the  decision  of  the  second  Board  of  Locat- 
ing Commissioners ;  representing  also  that  Smith  was  not  the  legal  Judge,  in 
the  absence  of  the  required  bonds;  and  also  praying  for  a  writ  of  injunction 
restraining  the  issuance  of  warrants  for  the  payment  of  the  Court  House  erected 
by  Crow. 

The  law  compelled  those  who  applied  for  a  mandamus  to  first  notify  the 
party  of  the  second  part  of  the  intended  application.  This  requirement  Atwater 
claimed  had  been  observed.  The  Supreme  Court  granted  the  prayed-for  writ ; 
and  Judge  Smith  ascertained  that  Atwater  had  sworn  to  the  required  notifica- 
tion, without  having  first  served  the  papers  on  the  County  Judge. 

The  case  called  for  prompt  action,  to  prevent  the  compulsory  removal  of  the 
records,  so  Judge  Smith  at  once  prepared  to  go  to  Muscatine,  and  present  a 
petition  to  Judge  Williams,  asking  for  relief  from  the  mandamus,  and  also  from 


360  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

the  injunction  restraining  the  payment  of  Crow.     The  County  Judge  started 
the  following  morning  by  stage  for  Marengo. 

It  occurred  that  Mr.  Henry  Anson,  of  Marshall,  learned  of  Smith's  inten- 
tions and  also  set  out  for  Marengo  on  horseback.  He  was  so  eager  to  meet 
Judge  Williams  first  that  he  overrode  his  horse,  which  died  from  the  effort. 
From  Marengo,  Smith  and  Anson  continued  their  journey  in  the  same  stage, 
and,  on  arriving  at  Muscatine,  occupied  the  same  room  at  the  hotel. 

In  the  morning,  Anson  arose  first  and  started  to  see  the  Judge,  who  resided 
out  of  town.  He  returned  and  informed  Judge  Smith  that  Judge  Williams 
would  do  nothing  to  relieve  the  writs.  This  report  did  not  deter  Mr.  Smith  from 
presenting  his  petition,  however,  and  he  soon  laid  his  case  before  his  Honor. 
We  herewith  append  a  copy  of  his  petition  : 
To  the  Hon.  Judge  Williams,  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  of  Iowa  : 

Your  petitioners,  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge  of  Marshall  County, 
Iowa,  and  Alexander  Crow,  of  said  county  of  Marshall  and  State  of  Iowa, 
respectfully  represent  to  your  Honor  that  heretofore,  to  Avit,  on  the  12th  day  of 
July,  A.  D.  1853,  your  Honor  granted  to  George  Atwater,  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney in  and  for  the  county  of  Marshall  and  State  of  Iowa  (and  he  also  claiming 
to  be  of  said  county),  a  writ  of  injunction  against  your  petitioners,  upon  filing 
his  afiidavit  before  your  Honor,  in  substance  as  follows,  to  wit :  That  at  a  spe- 
cial election  held  in  said  county  on  the  4th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1853,  that  one 
of  your  petitioners,  to  wit,  the  above-named  William  C.  Smith,  was  elected 
County  Judge  in  and  for  the  county  aforesaid,  to  serve  for  the  term  of  two 
years  and  until  his  successor  was  elected  and  qualified  ;  and  that  the  said  Smith 
did,  on  and  about  the  9th  day  of  April,  A.  D  1853 — though  without  giving 
bond  for  their  execution — enter  upon  the  duties  of  County  Judge,  aforesaid ; 
and  that,  on  the  18th  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1853,  under  the  provisions  of  an  act 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  said  State  of  Iowa,  approved  by  the  Governor 
January  the  12th  day,  A.  D.  1853,  one  William  Wood,  of  Story  County  ;  one 
William  Taylor,  of  Tama  County,  and  one  Jesse  Rickman,  of  Jasper  County, 
all  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  were  duly  appointed  by  the  Hon.  William  McKay, 
Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  and  that  within  two 
months  after  receiving  said  notice  of  said  appointment,  to  wit,  on  the  2d  day  of 
Juno,  A.  D.  1853,  a  majority  of  said  Commissioners  located  said  seat  of  jus- 
tice, naming  the  place,  etc. ;  and  that  your  said  petitioners  did,  on  or  about  the 
1st  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1853,  enter  into  a  bargain  with  the  said  Crow,  in  the 
name  and  pretendedly  by  the  authority  of  the  county  aforesaid,  by  which  the 
said  Crow  agreeing  to  build  a  certain  house  at  a  point  in  Section,  etc ;  and 
the  said  Smith  agreed  to  receive  the  same  for  tlie  said  county,  to  be  used  as  a 
court  house,  and  to  pay  therefor,  from  the  funds  of  the  county  aforesaid,  a  large 
sum,  to  wit,  the  sura  of  nine  hundred  and  five  dollars,  on  the  completion  of  said 
building;  and  goes  on  and  charges  your  petitioners  with  corrupt  confederacy,  etc. 
Now  your  petitioners,  the  said  William  C.  Smith  and  Alexander  Crow, 
would  represent  to  your  Honor  that  by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
State  of  Iowa,  approved  January  21,  A.  D.  1851,  that  B.  B.  Berry,  of  the 
county  of  Mahaska  ;  Manly  Gifford,  of  the  county  of  Jasper,  and  W.W.  Miller, 
of  the  county  of  Dallas,  were  appointed  Commissioners  to  locate  and  establish 
the  seat  of  justice  of  the  county,  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa.  And  the  act  fur- 
ther states  that  said  Commissioners  should  meet  at  the  same  place  in  said  county 
on  the  third  Monday  of  April,  A.  D.  1851,  or  within  six  months  thereafter, 
and,  after  taking  the  oath  prescribed  in  the  act,  should  proceed  to  locate  said 
seat  of  justice. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTV.  361 

And  your  petitioners  would  represent  to  your  Honor  that  a  majority  of  said 
Commissioners,  to  wit,  Manly  Gifford,  of  Jasper  County,  and  W.  W.  Miller,  of 
Dallas  County,  did  meet  in  said  county  of  Marshall,  to  wit,  on  the  18th  day  of 
August,  A.  D.  1851,  and,  after  taking  the  oath  prescribed  by  law  before  Jacob 
Hauser,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa, 
which  oath  is  now  on  file  and  recorded  in  said  office  of  District  Clerk,  said  Com- 
missioners did  proceed  to  locate  said  seat  of  justice  of  the  county  of  Marshall, 
State  of  Iowa.     Their  certificate  is  as  follows : 

The  undersigned  Commissioners,  appointed  by  an  act  of  the  Legishvture,  approved  January 
21,  A.  D.  1851,  to  locate  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  having  met 
and  qualified  according  to  law,  have  located  the  said  seat  of  justice  on  the  following  described 
quarter  section,  viz. :  the  east  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  I'S,  Township  84,  Raiure 
19  west,  and  the  west  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  18,  Township  84  north  of  Range 
18  west.     And  the  undersigned  give  said  county  seat  the  name  of  Marietta. 

Given  under  our  hands  this,  the  nineteenth  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1851. 

Signed,  Manly  Gifford,  }  ^ 

s>        '  117    iir    Tii  V  Commissioners. 

W.  W.  Miller,    J 

And  we  peetitioners  would  further  represent  to  your  Honor  that  the  fore- 
going certificate  is  now  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of 
said  county  of  Marshall  and  State  of  Iowa.  And,  further,  that  in  pursuance  of 
said  location,  John  B.  Hobbs,  acting  County  Judge  in  and  for  said  county  of 
Marshall,  did,  on  the  19th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1852,  contract  with  one  of  your 
petitioners,  to  wit,  Alexander  Crow,  to  build  the  before-mentioned  Court  House, 
agreeing  to  pay  said  Crow,  on  completion  of  said  house,  the  sum  of  nine  hun- 
dred and  five  dollars,  and  the  said  George  Atwater  drew  up  the  writings  between 
the  parties.  Said  nine  hundred  and  five  dollars  was  to  be  paid  out  of  the  funds 
of  said  county. 

Said  contract  failed,  partly  on  the  part  of  said  Crow  not  being  able  to  com- 
plete said  building  within  the  time  specified  in  said  contract. 

And  your  petitioners  would  further  represent  to  your  Honor  that  the  said 
William  C.  Smith  was  duly  elected  to  the  office  of  County  Judge  in  and  for  said 
county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa,  on  the  4th  day  of  April,  and  in  accordance 
with  the  instructions  of  George  W.  McClary,  Secretary  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
did  not  enter  into  bond  until  the  29th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1853. 

And  your  petitioners  would  further  represent  to  your  Honor,  that  George 
Atwater,  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  and  for  said  county  of  Marshall,  State  of 
Iowa,  drew  up  a  petition  and  circulated  it  around  amongst  some  of  the  citizens 
of  our  county,  keeping  it  a  secret  to  at  least  one-half  of  the  citizens  of  said 
county,  and,  as  your  petitioners  are  informed  by  Judge  McKay,  misrepre- 
sented to  him  that  the  Commissioners  that  located  said  county  seat  of  Marshall 
County,  State  of  Iowa,  were  not  sworn  ;  and  that  the  oath,  if  they  were  sworn, 
was  not  on  file,  and  that  the  certificate  of  location  was  not  on  file. 

And  Judge  McKay  stated  to  one  of  your  petitioners,  to  wit:  Wm.  C. 
Smith,  that  the  person  who  presented  said  petition  to  him  stated  that  there 
hadbeen  a  mass  meeting  held  in  Marietta,  and  that  the  entire  people  of  the 
county  were  present,  with  but  a  few  exceptions,  and  agreed  to  the  relo- 
cation. 

And  your  petitioners  would  represent  to  your  Honor  that  there  never  has 
been  a  meeting  in  Marietta  called  for  that  purpose,  and  that  Ave  believe  one- 
half  the  people  of  the  entire  county  were  entirely  ignorant  of  the  matter  till 
the  Commissioners  were  appointed  by  Judge  McKay.  And  Judge  McKay 
now  says  that  he  had  no  power  to  appoint  Commissioners  to  relocate  said  seat 
of  justice. 


362  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

And  your  petitioners  would  further  represent  to  your  Honor  that  they  fully 
believed  Marietta  to  be  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  and  under 
said  consideration  contracted  for  the  completion  of  said  Court  House,  which 
said  Court  House  is  now  completed. 

And  your  petitioners  pray  your  Honor  to  vacate  and  relieve  your  petitioners 
from  said  writ  of  injunction.  Might  it  please  your  Honor  to  grant  unto  your 
petitioners  to  be  relieved  from  said  writ  of  injunction. 

And  your  petitioners  further  represent  to  your  Honor  that  they  fully 
believe  that  it  was  and  is  the  design  of  George  Atwater  and  others  connected 
with  the  town  of  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  to  keep  your  petitioners  from 
l)aying  for  or  receiving  pay  on  said  Court  House,  that  they  may  keep  the  county 
of  Marshall  from  receiving  said  house  in  order  to  retard  the  progress  of  said 
town  of  Marietta,  until  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
that  they  may  stand  a  chance  for  the  county  seat. 

Your  petitioners  would  further  represent  to  your  Honor  that  if  the  issue  of 
said  writ  of  injunction  would  come  up  for  a  hearing  at  the  September  Term  of 
said  District  Court  of  Marshall  County,  then  your  petitioners  would  not  pray 
to  be  relieved  from  said  writ  of  injunction.  But  George  Atwater  declared  to 
me,  Wm.  C.  Smith,  that  Judge  McKay  should  not  try  the  merits  of  said  writ, 
but  that  he  would  have  a  change  of  venue  to  another  district. 

Now  your  petitioners  would  further  represent  to  your  Honor  that  they  believe 
that  unless  said  writ  of  injunction  is  vacated,  it  will  very  materially  injure  said 
county,  as  the  said  county  must  undoubtedly  engage  in  a  most  ruinous  lawsuit, 
and,  unless  speedily  put  an  end  to,  down  to  ruin  she  must  go  in  spite  of  all  her 
toil,  by  those  who  delight  in  lawsuits  and  refuse  to  till  her  soil. 

Might  it  please  3'our  honor  to  grant  unto  your  petitioners  to  be  relieved 
from  said  writ  of  injunction,  which  your  humble  petitioners  believe  not  to  be 
their  petition  only,  but  the  petition  and  wishes  of  two-thirds  of  the  legal  voters 
of  said  county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa. 

[Then  follow  the  usual  certificates. — Editor.] 

The  result  of  this  petition  was  the  issuance  of  an  order  by  Judge  Williams 
on  the  District  Court  to  which  Marshall  was  attached,  commanding  a  compli- 
ance with  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners. 

Judge  McKay  had,  meanwhile,  been  succeeded  on  the  District  bench  by 
Judge  McFarland.  The  order  granting  a  stay  of  proceedings  was  brought 
back  by  Judge  Smith  and  turned  over  to  Sheriff  Weatherly  for  service. 

The  papers  had  to  be  served  personally  upon  Judge  McFarland.  At  that 
particular  time,  he  was  holding  court  at  Knoxville,  and  thither  William  H. 
Weatherly,  Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  proceeded  with  as  little  delay  as  possible. 

Mr.  W.  found  the  court  adjourned,  and  the  Judge  absent  from  the  village 
on  some  festive  mission  bent.  The  dignity  of  the  law  was  not  always  main- 
tained by  his  Honor,  as  this  history  shows  elsewliere;  and  it  is  necessary  to 
remark  here  merely  that  the  bar  was  fully  represented,  in  a  profiine  way,  by 
the  Judge  alone.  He  was  given  over  to  the  free  and  reckless  use  of  language 
more  emphatic  than  choice,  as  he  was  to  the  too  profuse  indulgence  in  alcoholic 
stimulants. 

A  friend  recognized  the  Sheriff,  and  surmised  his  business  there.  Calling 
him  into  his  room  at  the  hotel,  the  lawyer  informed  Mr.  W.  that  the  best 
time  to  find  the  Judge  would  be  when  he  went  over  to  an  adjoining  saloon 
for  his  morning  toddy.  The  lawyer  remarked,  also,  that  he  would  very 
much  like  to  be  present  when  the  papers  were  served,  to  "  hear  the  Judge 
swear."' 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  363 

In  the  morning,  Sheriff  Weatherly  stationed  himself  at  a  convenient  post, 
and  watclied  the  coming  of  the  Judge.  Presently  he  bore  down,  with  his 
usual  martial  tread,  toward  the  place  of  refreshment.  The  Sheriff  hastened 
to  meet  him,  but  did  not  succeed  in  reaching  him  until  the  "  Court "  had  taken 
his  drink  and  started  back.     Then,  in  the  center  of  the  street,  he  accosted  him: 

''  You  are  Judge  McFarland,  I  believe?  " 

"  Yes,  sir  :  that  is  my  name,"  replied  the  massive  jurist  as  he  gazed  upon 
the  Sheriff. 

"■  My  name  is  Weatherly.  I  am  Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  and  I  have  a 
paper  to  serve  on  you,"  said  the  Sheriff. 

By  this  time  the  Judge's  acquaintances  had  gathered  around  him  in  full 
numbers,  awaiting  an  explosion.  It  came  and  with  fury  enough  for  almost 
any  occasion.  The  "  atmosphere  was  blue,"  said  our  informant.  The  Judge 
cursed  the  Supreme  Court  and  swore  that  he  would  not  obey  any  orders  from 
it,  and  gave  vent  to  all  sorts  of  expressions  but  polite  ones. 

Later  in  the  day.  Judge  McFarland  called  a  friend  to  the  bench  and  retired 
to  a  private  room  with  Mr.  W.,  where  the  subject  Avas  fully  discussed.  He 
admitted  that  the  Supreme  Court  had  power  to  compel  his  obedience,  but  that  he 
'•  would  not  say  so  before  that  pack  of  d — d  lawyers."  He  agreed  to  hold  his 
next  court  at  Marietta,  but  publicly  declared,  for  the  benefit  of  his  own  pride, 
that  Sheriff  Weatherly  would  have  to  move  down  to  Marshall. 

Mr.  W.  laughingly  replied  that,  if  the  Judge  wanted  to  hold  court  in  Mar- 
shall, he  knew  where  to  find  the  county  officers  and  could  send  for  them. 

The  case.  The  State  of  Iowa  vs.  The  Judge  of  Marshall  County,  was  brought 
up  in  the  District  Court,  but  Avas  taken  to  Iowa  City,  before  Judge  Smythe,  of 
Marion,  Linn  County,  in  February,  1856.  It  was  argued  in  chambers  by 
Enoch  Eastman  and  Mr.  Templin  for  the  defendant  (Mr.  Smith),  and  W.  Penn 
Olark,  of  Iowa  City,  for  the  Marshall  men. 

Judge  Smythe  decided  that  Marietta  was  the  legal  county  seat.  This  ended 
the  first  chapter  of  the  struggle,  except  as  concerns  Atwater. 

The  investigation  of  the  foregoing  case  rcvsulted  in  the  discovery  that  At- 
water had  made  oath  before  the  Supreme  Court  that  he  had  notified  the  County 
Judge  of  his  intended  motion  for  an  injunction  and  mandamus.  This  being 
false,  Mr.  Smith  instituted  legal  proceedings  against  Atwater,  and  secured  the 
issuing;  of  a  writ  of  attachment  against  him.  Atwater's  bondsmen  in  the  office 
of  Prosecuting  Attorney,  had  been  relieved  by  Judge  Smith  of  pecuniary  liability, 
in  August,  1853,  on  the  manifest  exhibit  that  Atwater  proposed  to  leave  the  county. 
The  young  attorney  suddenly  quitted  Marshall,  and  word  was  returned  that  he 
had  hanged  himself  at  Dubuque.  This  rumor  was  designed  as  a  misleading 
report,  to  prevent  a  continuance  of  the  suit  against  him. 

It  appears  that  Atwater  returned  to  Circleville,  Ohio.  There  he  was  visited 
by  Thomas  B.  A  bell,  who  purchased  Atwater's  claim  against  the  county  for 
services  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  Acting  Judge,  in  June,  1856. 

Another  page  is  discovered  in  the  somewhat  cloudy  history  of  the  fight.  It 
is  a  matter  of  fact,  in  liber  D,  page  832  of  the  county  records,  that  George 
Atwater  quit-claimed  Lots  1  to  12,  Block  3;  Lots  1  to  12,  Block  10;  Lots 
1  to  12,  Block  14 ;  Lots  1  to  12,  Block  21  ;  and  all  his  interest  in  the  village 
of  Marshall,  "  acquired  by  purchase  or  otherwise."  to  Thomas  B.  Abell,  for 
$150,  on  June  12,  1856. 

The  statement  has  been  made  that  Atwater  was  bribed  to  co-operate  with 
Marshall,  and  this  evidence  proves  that  he  had  a  valid  interest  in  a  portion  of 
the  village.     Rumor  has  it  that  he  had  forgotten  the  exact  description  of  the 


364  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

lots  owned  by  him,  and  that,  in  order  to  cover  and  embrace  all,  his  deed  read 
by  lots  and  in  total,  rather  than  by  specific  property.  Certain  facts  lead  us  to 
regard  Atwater's  position  as  anomalous :  He  was  compelled  to  leave  the  county 
under  fear  of  arrest ;  he  Avas  far  from  Avealthy  while  he  resided  here  ;  but  he 
was  able  to  transfer  a  valuable  share  of  village  property  to  Mr.  Abell. 

Atwater  died  shortly  after  the  events  above  related  transpired. 

The  following  documents,  found  among  the  musty  paper  in  the  Auditor's 
ofiice,  furnish  something  of  a  clue  to  the  feeling  in  Marietta  against  Atwater, 
at  the  time  of  his  desertion  of  the  town  for  Marshall.  They  are  given  as  an 
aside  to  the  drama : 

To  George  Atwater,  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa: 

Sir  :  You  are  hereby  notified  that  on  the  3d  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1853, 
we  will  proceed  to  file  a  petition  in  the  oflBce  of  the  County  Judge  of  Marshall 
County,  Iowa,  for  relief  as  your  sureties  upon  your  bond  as  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney of  said  county,  filed  on  the  9th  of  Aug.,  A.  D.  1852,  upon  the  following 
grounds,  to  wit : 

1st.  That  you,  the  said  Atwater  (as  Prosecuting  Attorney),  have  not  settled 
with  the  county  of  Marshall  and  are  a  defaulter  to  said  county  in  the  sum  of 
^25,  and  are  wholly  and  totally  insolvent,  and  unable  to  pay  said  sum  of 
money,  and  the  same  could  not  be  collected  from  you  by  execution. 

2d.  Said  Atwater  is  about  to  abscond  and  leave  the  county  of  Marshall 
without  paying  said  sum  of  $25,  and  is  in  other  respects  endangering  your 
petitioners  by  making  them  liable  on  said  bond. 

Said  petitioners  pray  that  you  be  ordered  to  give  a  new  bond,  and  to  sup- 
ply the  place  of  petitioners  as  your  sureties,  etc.  At  which  time  and  place  you 
may  appear  if  you  wish,  and  show  cause,  if  any,  why  the  prayer  of  the  peti- 
tioners should  not  be  granted.  William  Dishon, 

Alexander  Crow, 
Bi/  J.  G-.  TempUn,  their  Attorney. 

William  Dishon  and"|  In  County  Court,  in  and  for  Marshall  County  and 
Alexander  Crow,         [      State  of  Iowa,  Aug.  3d,  A.  D.  1853,  2  o'clock  P. 

vs.  I      M.,  of  said  day. 

George  Atwater.        J 
To  the  Hon.  Wm.  C.  Smith,  County  Judge  of  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  : 

Your  petitioners,  Wm.  Dishon  and  Alexander  Crow,  would  respectfully  rep- 
resent to  your  Honor,  that  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  A.  D.  1852,  the  said 
defendant,  George  Atwater,  was  duly  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Marshall 
County,  Iowa,  and  that  on  the  9th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1852,  your  petitioners 
executed  a  bond  jointly  with  the  said  defendant,  for  the  faithful  dischai'ge  of 
his  duties,  according  to  law,  as  such  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  that  said  bond 
was  approved  and  filed  by  your  Honor's  Court,  on  the  said  9th  day  of  August, 
A.  D.  1852,  which  said  bond  is  hereto  attached,  and  made  a  part  hereof  by  a 
true  copy  of  the  same.  Your  petitioners  further  represent  that  they  conceive 
themselves  in  danger  of  suffering  by  remaining  surety  for  said  defendant,  and 
desire  to  be  relieved  of  their  said  obligation.  Your  petitioners  would  respect- 
fully state  the  following  grounds  for  conceiving  themselves  in  danger  of  suffer- 
ing, as  aforesaid,  to  wit : 

1st.  The  said  Atwater  has  not  settled  with  the  county  of  Marshall,  and  is  a 
defaulter  to  said  county  in  the  sum  of  $25,  and  is  wholly  and  totally  insolvent, 
and  unable  to  pay  said  sum  of  money,  and  the  same  could  not  be  collected  of 
him  by  execution. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  365 

2d.  Said  Atwater  is  about  to  abscond  and  leave  the  county  of  Marshall 
without  paying  said  sum  of  $25,  and  is  in  other  respects  endangering  your 
petitioners  by  making  them  liable  on  said  bond. 

Your  petitioners  therefore  pray  that  the  said  George  Atwater  may  be 
ordered  to  give  a  new  bond,  and  to  supply  the  place  of  your  petitioners  as  his 
sureties  within  a  reasonable  time,  to  be  prescribed  by  this  Court,  and  that  your 
petitioners  be  declared  discharged  from  all  liability  on  their  said  bond  for  the 
future  acts  of  the  said  Atwater.     And  your  petitioners,  etc. 

William  Dishon, 
Alexander  Crow, 
By  J.  D.  Templin,  their  Attorney. 

The  following  is  a  true  copy  of  the  bond  referred  to  in  the  above  petition, 
and  made  a  part  thereof,  to  wit : 

Knoiv  all  men  hy  these  presents,  that  we,  George  Atwater,  William  Dishon 
and  Alexander  Crow  are  held  and  bound  unto  the  county  of  Marshall,  in  the 
State  of  Iowa,  in  the  sum  of  $2,000,  to  be  levied  of  our  goods  and  tenements 
if  default  be  made  in  the  condition  following,  that  is  to  say  :  Whereas,  the 
said  George  Atwater  has  been  elected  to  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
the  county  aforesaid  ;  Noio,  therefore,  if  as  said  Prosecuting  Attorney,  he 
render  a  true  account  of  his  doings  therein  to  the  proper  authority  when 
required  thereby,  or  by  law,  and  promptly  pay  over  to  the  person  or  officer 
entitled  thereto,  all  money  which  may  come  into  his  hands  by  virtue  of  his 
office,  and  promptly  account  for  all  balances  of  money  remaining  in  his  hands 
at  the  termination  of  his  office,  and  if  he  shall  hereafter  exercise  all  reasonable 
diligence  in  the  preservation  and  lawful  disposal  of  all  money,  books,  papers, 
securities  or  other  property  appertaining  to  his  said  office,  and  deliver  them  to  his 
successor,  or  to  any  other  person  authorized  to  receive  the  same,  and  faithfully 
and  impartially,  without  fear,  favor,  fraud  or  oppression  discharge  all  other  of 
the  duties  now  or  hereafter  required  of  his  office  by  law,  then  this  obligation  to 
be  void.     Otherwise,  to  be  in  full  force. 

George  Atwater, 
William  Dishon, 
Alexander  Crow. 

The  following  are  the  indorsements  on  the  back  of  said  bond,  to  wit ; 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.  I,  George  Atwater,  do  hereby  sol- 
emnly swear  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  Consti- 
tion  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  and  that  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  ability, 
I  will  perform  all  the  duties  of  Prosecuting  Attorney,  as  provided  by  the 
conditions  of  the  bond  within  written. 

George  Atwater. 
Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  9th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1852. 

John  B.  Hobbs,  County  Judge. 
Approved  and  filed  Aug.  9,  1852. 

The  second  chapter  of  this  history  was  opened  before  the  first  was  closed. 
Fearing  that  their  chances  of  gaining  the  suit  through  Atwater's  machinations 
were  very  slight,  and  not  altogether  approving  of  a  contest  carried  on  in  such  a  man- 
ner, an  appeal  was  made  to  the  County  Judge,  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  through  the 
medium  of  petitions,  for  the  ordering  of  an  election  on  the  subject,  in  April, 
1856. 


366  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  petitioners  secured  the  requisite  order  from  the  Court,  and  the  election 
was  duly  held,  with  the  following  result : 

Abstract  of  the  number  of  ballots  cast  at  the  April  election  held  in  the  county  of  Marshall, 
State  of  Iowa,  April  7,  A.  D.  1856,  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  State  of 
Iowa : 

Townships.                                                            Marshall.  Marietta. 

Marietta •••         7  127 

Iowa 13  151 

Bangor ^  57 

Liberty 6:^ 

Eden 8  17 

Marshall 152 

Jeiferson 54  

Green  Castle 23  3 

Le  Grand 54  lU 

Marion  35  45 

Total 348  482 

Majority  for  Marietta 134 

The  result  of  the  vote  of  April,  1856,  merely  served  to  intensify  the  feel- 
ings of  both  factions.  The  Marshall  men  were  determined  to  pursue  the  matter 
to  the  bitter  end,  and  secure  the  county  seat  at  all  hazards. 

On  the  7th  day  of  April,  1857,  certain  Marietta  parties  gave  notice  in  the 
lozva  Central  Journal,  published  at  Albion,  that  a  petition  would  be  presented 
at  the  May  term  of  the  County  Court  asking  for  the  removal  of  the  seat  one- 
half  mile  west  of  Marietta.  This  petition,  however,  was  not  presented,  so  far 
as  any  available  records  show,  and  was  probably  nothing  more  than  a  subter- 
fuge to  either  gain  time  or  thwart  the  opponents  of  Marietta  in  some  of  their 
movements. 

The  forces  on  both  sides  had  been  greatly  augmented  by  the  increase  of 
population  in  the  county.  Prominent  among  the  Marietta  men  now  appeared 
Mr.  James  L.  Williams,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court;  John  Turner,  Elias  Woelo- 
han,  H.  E.  J.  Boardman,  Thomas  B.  Abell,  J.  G.  Crookhara  and  John  W. 
Tripp. 

Albion  became  a  factor  in  the  problem.  In  the  struggle  it  was  a  question 
which  way  the  vote  of  that  place  would  be  cast.  Marshall  favored  the  securing 
of  the  Albion  vote,  and  for  that  desideratum  proposed  to  work  for  the  endow- 
ment of  a  County  High  School  under  the  then  existing  law. 

An  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  in  1855,  enabled  counties  of  a  certain 
population  to  establish  a  High  School  for  the  education  of  teachers.  In  accord- 
ance with  the  law,  a  High  School  Company  was  organized  under  Articles  of  In- 
corporation, and  was  used  as  a  medium  of  securing  the  vote  of  Albion  for  the 
contending  factions.  It  was  supposed  that  Albion  would  cast  her  vote  in  favor 
of  the  locality  contributing  most  generously  to  her  institution.  To  this  end 
Marietta  raised  a  considerable  sum,  perhaps  $4,000  in  notes,  conditional  upon 
the  securing  of  the  re(iuisite  sum  to  establish  the  High  School.  Marshall  im- 
mediately issued  a  larger  amount  of  paper,  and  thereby  obtained  a  controlling 
share  of  stock  in  the  school.  Marietta  saw  that  there  was  no  possibility  of 
ecjualing  her  rival,  as  the  latter  held  the  longer  purse,  and  quietly  gave  up  that 
race.  Marshall  secured  the  vote  of  Albion.  This  fact  became  an  element  in 
the  future  contest  in  the  courts,  as  will  hereafter  be  shown. 

In  passing,  we  observe  that  Marshall  never  redeemed  the  notes  thus  issued, 
and  they,  together  with  the  Marietta  paper,  never  benefited  the  proposed  school. 

Further  mention  of  tliis  institution  is  made  in  tlie  chapter  devoted  of  Albion. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  367 

Marion  Township  also  desired  aid,  but  in  a  different  channel.  The  Iowa 
River  divided  Marion  from  the  market  at  Marshall,  and  bridges  were  highly 
essential  to  its  prosperity.  The  Marshall  men  perceived  the  opportunity  and 
at  once  pledged  Marion  aid  in  the  work  of  bridging  the  river.  This  fact  appears 
later  in  the  records. 

In  the  Fall  1857,  Marshall  conceived  the  idea  of  erecting  a  building  suitable 
for  a  Court  House,  and  deeding  the  property  to  the  county  on  certain  conditions. 
To  this  end  a  company  was  formed  and  styled  the  Marshall  Town 
Hall  Company.  The  corporation  obtained  a  warranty  deed  from  Henry  Anson 
to  Lot  o.  Block  14,  in  the  village  of  Marshall.  The  record  of  tdis  transfer 
bears  date  January  14,  1858,  and  the  consideration  is  stated  at  |325.  The 
building,  however,  was  begun  in  the  Fall,  and  the  foundation  walls  constructed 
at  that  season. 

The  property,  consisting  of  lot  and  building  in  process  of  erection,  was 
given  to  the  county  in  the  Spring  of  1858,  conditional  upon  the  county  seat 
being  removed  to  Marshall  by  popular  vote  at  the  April  election  in  1858,  which 
had  been  proposed  in  the  Spring  of  1857  by  the  Marshall  men,  and  retained  at 
Marshall  thereafter.  The  result  of  the  vote  was  the  inauguration  of  the  long 
and  bitter  contest  related  herein.  The  title  of  this  property  was  confirmed  in 
the  county  by  subsequent  events. 

At  the  time  of  its  occurrence,  the  erection  of  the  Court  House  was  regarded 
as  a  very  important  matter.  The  pledge  in  the  gift- deed  required  the  comple- 
tion of  the  building  by  the  time  Court  met,  and  to  accomplish  this  purpose, 
every  available  man  was  impressed  into  the  service  as  mason  or  builder.  So 
rapidly  was  the  work  done  that  Marietta  was  scarcely  aware  of  the  commence- 
ment of  the  walls  in  the  Spring,  before  news  of  the  finishing  of  the  building 
was  transmitted  to  the  rival  town. 

The  erection  of  this  building  had  a  marked  effect  upon  the  voters  outside  of 
the  immediate  locality  of  Marietta.  It  was  considered  an  act  indicative  of 
generosity  and  public  spirit. 

With  these  alliances  the  contest  was  renewed.  At  the  June  term  of  the 
County  Court,  in  1857,  Judge  Smith  listened  to  the  voluminous  petition  pray- 
ing for  another  election  on  the  subject ;  and  accordingly,  after  a  long  and 
heated  canvass,  the  vote  was  taken  on  the  5th  day  of  April,  1858. 

When  the  poll  books  were  returned  to  the  County  Judge,  he  called  to  his 
aid  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  viz.,  John   Turner  and  John  W.   Tripp,  both 
favorable  to  the  retention  of  the  seat  at  Marietta.      The  following  return  was 
made  by  the  Board  of  Canvassers  : 
Abstract  of  the  ballots  in  the  several  townships  in  the  county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa,  on 

Monday,  the  5th  day  of  April,  1H58,  for  the  county  teat  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the 

State  of  Iowa  : 
Township. 

Le  Grand* 

Marshall 

Marietta 

Liberty 


Marshall. 

Marietta. 

204 

1.3 

177 

1 

103 

3 

94 

126 

106 

Iowa 

Marion* 

Eden IB  30 

.Jefferson 79  1 

Green  Castle* 

Vienna 18  8 

Total 462  519 

A  majority  of  the  Board  of  County  Canvassers  decide  that  there  is  no  return  from  the  township. 


368  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

State  of  Iowa,  County  of  Marshall,  ss.:  We,  the  undersigned  Board  of  County  Can- 
vassers in  and  for  the  County  and  State  aforesaid,  do  hereby  certify  that  we  have  this  day  can- 
vassed the  votes  cast  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  in  the 
several  townships  in  said  county,  on  Monday,  the  5th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1858,  and  find  the 
result  to  be  as  follows,  to  wit :  Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county 
of  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  nine  hundred  and  eighty-one,  of  which  Marietta  received  five 
hundred  and  nineteen  votes,  and  Marshall  received  four  hundred  and  sixty-two  votes,  for 
the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County.  Iowa.  ^La^ietta  having  received  the  highest  number  of 
votes  for  the  county  seat  of  the  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  is  declared 
elected. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  official  signatures,  and  affixed  the  seal  of  said 
county  of  Marshall,  at  Marietta,  this  6th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1858. 

William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge. 

[seal.]  John  Turner,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

John  W.  Tripp,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 

County  Commissioners. 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.:  I,  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge  within  and 
for  said  county,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  within  and  foregoing  is  a  true  and  complete  copy  of 
the  county  canvass  had  on  the  Gth  day  of  April,  1858,  of  the  ballots  cast  on  Monday,  the  5th  day 
of  April,  1858,  on  tlie  question  of  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa, 
from  the  town  of  Marietta  to  the  town  of  Marshall,  in  said  county. 

Witness  my  hand,  with  the  seal  of  said  county  hereto  affixed,  this  Gth  day  of  April,  1858. 
[seal.]  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge. 

The  returns  from  Le  Grand,  Marion  and  Green  Castle  townships  did  not 
contain  the  properly  worded  jurat,  and  were  alleged  to  be  technically  imper- 
fect in  the  matter  of  identification.     The  vote  in  those  towns  was  : 

Marshall.  Marietta. 

Le  Grand 79  19 

Marion 87  17 

Green  Castle 39  7 

Total 205  43 

This  arbitrary  act  deprived  Marshall  of  162  votes,  which,  added  to  the  462 
declared  in  the  returns,  would  have  made  a  total  of  667  as  against  562  for 
Marietta,  leaving  a  clear  majority  of  105  in  favor  of  Marshall. 

At  the  April  (1858)  term  of  the  District  Court,  Wells  S.  Rice  filed  his 
information,  setting  forth  the  facts  in  the  case  and  exhibiting  all  papers 
of  record.  The  reproduction  of  the  legal  formalities  herein  is  not  deemed 
essential,  inasmuch  as  the  points  claimed  by  Mr.  Rice  are  shown  in  simple 
form. 

The  District  Court  awarded  an  alternative  writ  of  mandamus  commanding 
the  Judge  to  take  to  his  aid  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  recanvass  the  vote 
and  return  the  result  according  to  the  actual  number  of  votes  cast.  The  nature 
of  the  writ  was  such  that  it  allowed  the  Judge  an  opportunity  to  defend  his 
position  before  the  Court.  The  County  Judge  replied  with  a  long  list  of 
reasons  for  not  obeying  the  order  to  recanvass  the  vote.  The  District  Court 
ruled  the  reply  of  Judge  Smith  insufficient,  and  issued  a  peremptory  writ  of 
mandamus  compelling  the  recounting  of  the  ballots. 

It  is  here  incidentally  mentioned  that  Judge  Smith  claims  that  the  Marshall 
returns  were  as  imperfect  as  either  of  the  disputed  three,  when  first  filed 
with  him  ;  but  that  Sylvanus  Rice  and  Solomon  Dunton  came  to  him  and 
requested  the  privilege  of  examining  the  same,  which  was  granted.  When 
the  poll  lists  were  again  filed,  they  were  properly  certified  to.  As  this  forms 
no  part  of  the  records,  we  give  it  merely  as  a  part  of  the  story  of  the 
contest. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  369 

Upon  the  issuance  of  the  peremptory  writ  compeUing  a  recanvass,  Judge 
Smith  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court.    The  Court  delivered  the  following  opinion : 

OPINION    OF   THE    SUPREME    COURT. 

The  State  of  Iowa  ex  rel.  Wells  S.  Rice,  ^ 

vs.  V 

The   County  Judge  of  Marshall   County,  Appellant,  j 

By  the  statute  of  1854-5,  Chap.  6  (Acts  55,  p.  71),  it  is  provided  that 
when  the  citizens  of  any  county  desire  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat,  the 
major  part  of  the  voters  of  the  county  may  petition  the  County  Judge  to  order 
an  election  for  that  purpose,  naming  in  their  petition  the  place  at  which  they 
desire  it  located.  The  returns  being  made  to  the  County  Judge,  he  is  to  take 
to  his  aid  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  they  are  to  canvass  the  election  and 
declare  the  result. 

At  the  April  election  (1858)  such  a  vote  was  taken  upon  the  question  of  reloca- 
tion of  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  between  the  town  of  Marietta,  its  then 
seat,  and  Marshall,  the  proposed  place.  The  canvassers  rejected  the  returns  from 
two  townships,  and  declared  the  result  in  favor  of  Marietta.  Upon  an  infor- 
mation filed  upon  the  relation  of  Wells  S.  Rice,  an  alternative  writ  of  manda- 
mus was  issued  to  the  County  Judge,  commanding  him  to  take  to  his  assistance 
two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  recanvass  the  said  votes  ;  and  in  such  recan- 
vass, to  count  the  votes  cast  on  the  said  question  by  the  townships  of  Le  Grand, 
Green  Castle  and  Marion,  respectively,  according  to  the  returns  of  said  election 
from  said  townships,  and,  when  so  recanvassed,  declare  the  result  in  accordance 
with  said  vote ;  or  in  default  therein,  to  make  knoAvn  why  they  have  not  done 
the  same.  The  return,  with  the  causes  shown  therein,  is  sufficiently  set  forth 
in  the  opinion  of  the  Court.  The  District  Court  awarded  a  peremptory  writ. 
The  defendant  appeals. 

^^  OPINION. 

The  return  of  the  defendant  assigns  twenty-seven  causes  why  he  has  not 
obeyed  the  alternative  Writ,  several  of  which  may  be  classed  as  objections  to  the 
validity  of  the  law  relating  to  the  re-location  of  county  seats,  and  to  the 
validity  of  the  election  held  under  it,  and  other  causes ;  but  there  are  two  or 
three  which  we  will  refer  to  particularly : 

The  first  states  that  the  defendant  had  already  canvassed  the  vote,  as  required 
by  law,  and  declared  the  result,  and  that  the  Board  of  Canvassers  no  longer 
exists,  and  that  there  is  no  law  under  which  he  can  re-organize  it. 

The  second  is,  that  the  poll-books,  or  abstracts,  of  the  said  three  townships 
were  rejected  because  they  were  not  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
statute. 

Fifteenth.     That  the  writ  is  directed  to  the  wrong  person. 

Sixteenth.  That  the  defendant  has  no  authority  to  call  to  his  assistance  other 
persons  and  recanvass  the  vote. 

Twentieth.  That  the  writ  requires  the  defendant  to  do  a  particular  act  in 
a  particular  way. 

Twenty-jirst.  That  it  commands  him  to  call  others  to  his  assistance,  and 
requires  them  to  do  a  judicial  act  in  a  particular  way. 

Tiventy-second.  That  the  writ  is  directed  to  the  County  Judge,  and  re- 
quires other  persons,  not  now  parties,  to  act. 

Tiventy -fourth.  That  the  writ  does  not  show  that  the  canvassers  are  legally 
bound  to  do  the  act  required ;  nor  that  they  have  been  requested  and  have  re- 
fused to  act. 


370  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

A  demun'er  to  the  return  was  sustained,  and  a  motion  to  (juash  the  writ 
was  overruled. 

The  defendant  assigns  as  errors,  the  refusal  to  quash  the  writ. 

Second.     The  sustaining  the  demurrer  :  and 

Third.     The  granting  of  the  peremptory  writ. 

Without  adverting  specifically  to  each  objection  taken,  we  will  point  out  the 
views  entertained  by  us  in  relation  to  the  proceedings. 

The  writ  is  directed  to  the  proper  person,  that  is,  the  County  Judge.  One 
conclusive  reason  against  directing  it  to  one  of  the  two  Justices  with  him  is, 
that  they  may  have  gone  out  of  office  before  the  writ  issues ;  and  again,  they 
are  not  a  board  of  such  a  nature  that  no  other  can  perform  the  duty.  The 
County  Judge  is  the  only  permanent  member,  and  he  calls  to  his  assistance, 
such  other  two  being  Justices,  as  he  sees  fit,  and  for  the  same  reasons  they  are 
not  such  a  board  that  their  dissolution  renders  it  impracticable  that  the  duty 
should  be  performed.  If  it  has  not  been  done,  it  may  still  be  done  by  a  com- 
mand of  the  Judge  to  take  to  his  assistance  two  proper  persons. 

Another  point  is,  that  the  duty  to  be  performed  is  not  a  judicial  one :  it  is 
ministerial.  Neither  is  there,  properly  speaking,  a  discretion  to  be  exercised. 
In  respect  to  this,  there  is  a  wide-spread  error  among  the  civil  officers,  and 
the  people  generally.  It  is  not  correct  to  suppose  that  a  board  of  canvassers, 
such  as  the  County  Board,  in  the  present  instance,  has  the  duty  or  the  authority 
to  judge  of  the  validity  of  retui'ns  or  of  votes.  This  duty,  or  power,  belongs  to 
that  tribunal  which  is  appointed  by  law  for  the  ultimate  trial  of  contested  elections, 
or  to  a  court  before  which  the  case  may  be  brought  in  any  manner  recognized 
by  law.  The  canvassers  are  only  to  receive  the  returns  and  count  them,  leav- 
ing all  questions  as  to  their  sufficiency  or  validity  to  another  tribunal.  (The 
People  vs.  Cook,  4  Selden,  67,  89 ;  the  same,  14  Barb.,  285  ;  The  People 
vs.  Van  Slyck,  4  Cow.,  297  ;  Ux  parte  Heath,  3  Hill,  42 ;  Bacon  vs.  York 
Co.  Coms.,  26;  Maine,  491;  Opinion  of  Court,  25;  Maine.  56;  Brown  vs. 
O'Brien,  2  Carter,  423;  The  People  vs.  Ivorduff",  15  111.,  492 ;  and  cases 
therein  cited.) 

It  is  true  that  extreme  cases  may  be  supposed  when  the  paper  does  not  bear 
sufficient  marks  as  to  be  known  as  an  election  paper.  Such  a  case  stands  by 
itself.  But  the  foregoing  remarks  apply  to  the  cases  which  usually  occur,  and 
where  there  is  enough  to  show  what  it  is  intended  to  be ;  but  where  the  paper 
only  wants  some  of  the  appointed  marks  of  authenticity  or  of  completeness. 
Thus  we  might  instance  that,  if  the  supposed  returns  were  not  signed  by  any 
one,  they  have  not  the  evidence  of  being  returns :  but  if  it  does  not  show  that 
the  officers  were  sworn,  this  goes  to  its  sufficiency  only.  The  canvassers  must 
judge  whether  they  are  the  returns  from  such  a  township,  or  such  a  county,  but 
when  known  to  be  such,  they  are  not  to  determine  upon  their  sufficiency.  This 
belongs  to  another  tribunal  empowered  to  judge  upon  the  legality  of  the  case 
ultimately.  In  the  present  case,  the  canvassers  rejected  the  returns  from  the 
townships  because  they  did  not  show  that  the  elective  officers  were  sworn. 
This  was  not  within  their  province,  and  was  an  error.  Now  this  Court  does 
not  in  this  case  determine  upon  the  sufficiency  of  the  returns.  It  only  decides 
that  the  canvassers  should  count  them,  leaving  the  other  question  to  such 
tribunal  as  may  have  cognizance  of  the  case,  in  the  event  that  the  election 
should  be  contested  or  otherwise  tried.  The  proceedings  under  the  writ  of 
mandamus  do  not,  in  all  cases,  determine  the  ultimate  right.  Thus,  it  has 
been  applied  where  it  could  detei'mine  but  one  step  in  the  progress  of  inquiry, 
and  when  it  could  not  finally  settle  the  controversy,  but  it  might  still  be  neces- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  371 

sary  to  resort  to  quo  warranto  an  injunction,  or  a  contest  of  election  under  the 
statute.  {Ex  parte  Strong,  20  Pick.,  496  ;  Brown  vs.  O'Brien,  2  Carder, 423; 
The  People  vs.  Kilduft",  15  111). 

In  the  case  of  Strong,  above  cited,  the  Court  intimates  that  the  party 
might  still  be  obliged  to  resort  to  quo  warranto,  and  in  Brown  vs.  O'Brien  he 
says  that  the  writ  confers  no  right,  but  merely  places  the  party  in  possession, 
which  enables  him  to  assert  his  right,  which,  in  some  cases,  he  could  not  other- 
wise do ;  and  farther,  there  may  possibly  be  cases  in  which  this  writ  would  not 
be  applicable  for  any  purpose  or  in  any  degree. 

It  has  been  remarked  that  the  duty  of  the  canvassers  is  ministerial  in  its 
nature,  and  such  it  is  in  the  main  ;  but  this  is  not  true  universally.  There  are 
points  in  the  range  of  their  duty  where  it  partakes  of  the  judicial  or  allows  of 
the  discretionary  character  (The  People  vs.  Cook,  14  Barb.,  294);  but  so  far 
as  the  present  case  bears  upon  them,  they  are  ministerial. 

The  next  subject  of  examination  is  the  answer  that  the  duty  has  already 
been  performed.  Inasmuch  as  the  canvassers  have  rejected  the  returns  from 
three  of  the  townships  which  they  should  have  counted,  it  is  legally  true 
that  the  duty  has  not  been  discharged,  and  when  the  writ  now  commands,  it  is 
not  in  a  proper  legal  sense  to  recanvass,  but  to  canvass  the  returns  of  that 
election.  It  is  to  do  that  Avhich  was  their  duty,  but  which  ihey  omitted.  What 
has  been  done  is  as  if  it  had  not  been  done,  and  the  Judge  is  commanded  to  pro- 
ceed as  if  no  former  steps  had  been  taken. 

To  say  that  the  Judge  is  commanded  to  do  a  particular  act  in  a  particular 
way,  is  not  a  strictly  correct  use  of  language.  He  is  commanded  to  do  some- 
thing which  he  has  omitted  to  do,  which  is  the  very  object  of  the  writ.  But 
even  as  the  objection  is  stated,  it  is  not  necessary;  for  the  manner  may  be  of  the 
essence,  and  the  mandate  may  be  correct  if  the  manner  is  not  a  subject  of  dis- 
cretion. To  the  first  part  of  the  twenty  fourth  objection  ive  answer,  in  view  of  what 
has  been  said,  that  the  ivrit  does  show  that  the  canvassers  are  legally  bound  to 
do  the  act  required. 

This  duty  is  a  result  of  the  facts  stated  and  the  law  applied  to  them. 

The  objections  to  the  writ  presented  in  the  answer  are  so  numerous  that  it 
is  impossible  within  reasonable  limits  to  respond  to  them  severally,  and  we 
would  say,  generally,  that  the  answer  is  partly  an  answer  to  the  information, 
and  so  far  requires  no  attention.  A  portion  of  the  objections  go  to  matters 
which  fell  within  the  cognizance  of  the  County  Judge  in  ordering  the  election, 
and  he  having  acted,  they  do  not  remain  subjects  of  examination,  and  others  are 
not  pertinent  to  the  present  inquiry  ;  others  still  are  not  sufficient  to  invalidate 
the  election,  though  well  founded  as  matters  of  fact. 

In  the  matter  of  public  right,  any  citizen  may  be  a  relator  in  an  application 
for  a  mandamus.  (The  People  vs.  Collins,  19,  Wend.  5,  6;  Pike  County  vs. 
The  People,  111.,  202;  Napier  vs.  Poe,  12  Georgia,  170.) 

The  allegations  of  fraud  and  bribery  in  the  election  do  not  come  within  the 
cognizance  of  the  court  under  this  proceeding. 

These  and  other  objections  might  be  proper  subjects  of  examination  in  a 
subsequent  proceeding,  adopted  to  attest  the  legality  and  validity  of  the  election 
or  the  several  steps  leading  to  it,  or  of  the  law  under  which  it  was  held.  The 
present  one  is  only  to  arrive  at  the  result  of  the  election  which  has  been  held. 

The  remarks  before  made  cover  those  objections  which  have  an  important 
bearing  on  the  present  matter.  But  there  remains  to  be  noticed  the  objection 
that  the  writ  does  not  show  that  the  defendant  was  requested  to  do  or  perform 
the  act  and  that  he  has  refused.     It  is  stated  that  a  demand  must  be  made  and 


372  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

a  refusal  thereto.  (Tap.  on  Mand.  382-3,  and  in  Chance  vs.  Temple,  1st  Iowa, 
189.)  This  is  true  as  a  general  rule,  and  it  is  more  especially  true  where  the 
proceeding  has  relation  of  private  rights  or  interests,  as  will  be  observed  by  the 
subjects  treated  by  Tapping  on  Mandamus,  pages  84,  162,  163,  marginal.  But 
it  is  manifest  that  there  are  cases  affecting  public  officers  or  duties  where  the 
idea  of  a  literal  demand  and  refusal  does  not  have  place,  there  being  no  one 
particularly  empowered  to  demand,  as  it  does  not  affect  individual  interests  ; 
but  the  official  duty  is  in  the  place  of  it,  and  omission  or  neglect  is  refusal,  and 
especially  is  this  true  where  the  respondent  has  done  an  act  which  he  calls  a 
performance,  but  which  the  law  says  is  not  such.  The  refusal  is  not  necessa- 
rily a  literal  one.  Tapping  1,  282,  says  it  must  be  either  in  direct  terms  or 
by  conduct  from  which  a  I'efusal  can  be  conclusively  implied  ;  and  on  page  285, 
he  says  it  is  not  necessary  that  the  word  refused  or  any  equivalent  of  it  should 
be  used,  but  there  should  be  enough  from  the  whole  of  the  facts  to  show  to  the 
Court  that  from  some  improper  reason  compliance  is  withheld,  and  a  direct  de- 
termination not  to  do  what  is  required;  and  instances  are  given  in  which  acts 
have  been  construed  to  amount  to  a  refusal.  We  cannot  bring  ourselves  to 
think  that  in  a  case  of  public  duty  like  that  at  bar,  in  which  the  act  to  be  done 
is  well  known,  and  should  have  been  performed  already  if  the  party  did  not 
intend  not  to  do  it,  and  where  it  belongs  to  no  one  to  demand  it,  but  it  does 
belong  to  the  defendant  to  do  it,  a  formal  demand  and  refusal  are  not  necessary. 
It  is  clear  that  duty  makes  the  demand,  and  omission  is  the  refusal. 

Another  point  remains.  The  Court  rendered  j  udgment  that  a  peremptory  writ 
issue,  but  ordered  that  it  be  stayed  that  the  cause  might  be  taken  to  this  court. 

From  this  order  the  complainant  appealed.  The  matter  is  of  no  practical 
importance  in  the  present  cause,  and  does  not  call  for  a  formal  disposition.  But 
it  may  be  remarked  that  no  reason  is  perceived  why  'the  appeal,  with  a  bond  as 
provided  by  law,  would  not  stay  the  proceedings  as  in  other  cases ;  and  in  that 
case  the  order  would  be  unnecessary,  whilst  without  the  bond  the  order  would 
be  unavailing.     (The  People  vs.  Steele,  2  Barb.,  564.) 

The  judgment  of  the  District  Court  in  awarding  a  peremptory  writ  of 
mandamus  is  affirmed,  and  a  writ  of  procedendo  will  issue  accordingly. 

W.  G.  Woodward,  Justice. 

SPECIAL   ORDERS. 

State  of  Iowa,  Supreme  Court,  December  Term,  A.  D.  1858. 

The  State  of  Iowa,  ex  rel.  Wells  S.  Rice, ")  ^i         a         i  p        tvt      i    n 

I  Cross  Appeal  irom  Marshall 

The  County  Judge  of  Marshall  County,   j       bounty. 

Comes  now  counsel  for  plaintiff,  and  moves  the  Court  to  amend  the  order 
of  this  Court  for  issuing  the  procedendo  to  the  District  Court,  so  as  to  require 
the  Clerk  of  said  District  Court  to  issue  the  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus  without 
delay ,''returnable  at  the  April  term  of  said  District  Court,  1859,  and  commanding 
the  defendant  to  perform  the  duties  required  of  him  in  the  alternative  writ  without 
delay ;  and  theCourt  having  heard  counsel  for  plaintiff  and  defendant  on  said 
motion,  and  being  sufficiently  advised  of  and  concerning  the  premises. 

It  is  ordered  by  the  Court  that  the  procedendo  to  the  District  Court  in  this 
cause  shall  direct  the  Clerk  of  said  District  Court  to  forthwith,  upon  receiving 
said  procedendo,  issue  the  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus,  as  of  the  September 
term,  1858.  returnable  at  the  April  term,  1859,  and  commanding  the  defend- 
ant to  perform  the  duties  required  by  the  alternative  writ  heretofore  issued, 
without  delay. 


\ 


y 


MARSHALLTO^/N 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  375 

I.  Lewis  Kinsey,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,  do  hereby  certify 
that  the  foregoing  contains  a  full,  true  and  complete  copy  of  the  record  entry 
in  the  cause  to  which  it  refers — as  full,  true  and  complete  as  the  same  now  re- 
mains of  record  in  my  office. 

Witness  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  said  Court  hereto  affixed.  Done  at  Des 
Moines,  this  31st  day  of  December,  1858.  Lewis  Kinsey 

[seal.]  Clerli:  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa. 

PROCEDENDO. 

The  State  of  Iowa  to  the  District  Court  of  Marshall  County : 

Whereas,  The  Supreme  Court  of  said  State  being  lately  certified  of  the 
record  and  proceedings  in  a  certain  cause  which  was  in  the  District  Court  for 
Marshall  County  and  State  aforesaid,  wherein  the  State  of  Iowa,  ex  rel.  Wells 
S.  Rice,  plaintiff,  and  the  County  Judge  of  Marshall  County,  defendant ;  in 
which  said  cause  judgment  was  rendered  against  the  said  defendant,  from 
which  judgment  so  rendered  the  said  defendant  appealed  to  the  said  Supreme 
Court ;  and  the  said  Court  having  duly  examined  the  records  and  proceedings 
aforesaid  in  the  premises,  at  the  Capitol  at  Des  Moines,  in  said  State,  on  the 
17th  day  of  December,  1858,  did  affirm  the  judgment  aforesaid,  as  rendered  in 
the  court  below,  and  order  that  the  Clerk  of  the  D'strict  Court,  forthwith  upon 
receiving  this  writ,  issue  the  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus  as  of  the  September 
term,  1858,  returnable  at  the  April  term,  1859,  commanding  the  defendant  to 
perform  the  duties  required  by  the  alternative  writ  heretofore  issued,  without  delay; 

Therefore,  you  are  hereby  commanded,  that,  with  the  speed  which  of  right 
and  according  to  law  you  may,  you  proceed  in  the  same  manner  as  if  no  appeal 
had  been  taken  and  prosecuted  in  this  Court,  anything  in  the  record  or  proceed- 
ing aforesaid  heretofore  certified  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

Witness,  Lewis  Kinsey,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  with  the  seal  of  the 
said  Court  hereunto  affixed,  at  Des  Moines,  this  6th  day  of  January,  A.  D. 
1859.  Lewis  Kinsey, 

[seal.]  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

In  compliance  with  the  foregoing  orders,  James  L.  Williams,  Clerk  of  the 
District  Court,  issued  the  following  mandamus  : 

MANDAMUS. 

The  State  of  Iowa,  County  of  Marshall,  ss.:  To  the  County  Judge  of 
Marshall  County,  Grreeting  : 

Whereas,  on  the  21st  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1858,  an  alternative  writ  of 
mandamus  was  issued  from  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  Marshall 
County,  directed  to  the  said  County  Judge  of  Marshall  County,  which  writ  was 
duly  executed  and  returned,  and  such  proceedings  were  had  therecn  by  the  said 
District  Court,  that,  upon  a  full  hearing  thereof,  a  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus 
was  adjudged  to  issue,  from  which  judgment  the  parties  interested  therein 
appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa;  And,  whereas,  the  judgment  of  the 
District  Court  aforesaid,  was  affirmed  in  and  by  the  said  Supreme  Court  of 
Iowa,  upon  which  judgment  of  affirmance  a  writ  of  procedendo  has  been  issued 
from  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  has  this  day  been  duly  filed 
in  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  aforesaid,  and  by  which  procedendo 
the  Clerk  of  the  said  District  Court  of  Marshall  County  is  ordered  forthwith, 
on  receiving  the  said  procedendo,  to  issue  the  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus  as 
of  the  September  term,  1858,  returnable  at  the  April  term,  1859,  command- 
ing the  defendant  to  perform  the  duties  required  by  the  alternative  writ  hereto- 

E 


376  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

fore  issued  without  delay  ;  Now,  these  are,  therefore,  in  the  name  of  the  State 
of  Iowa  to  connnand  you  to  forthwith  take  to  your  assistance  two  Justices  of  the 
Peace  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  and  recanvass  the  votes  cast  at  the  April 
election,  1858,  in  said  county,  on  the  question  of  relocating  the  county  seat  of 
said  county  of  Marshall,  at  the  town  of  Marshall  in  said  county,  and  in  such 
recanvass  to  count  the  votes  cast  respectively  on  said  question  in  the  townships 
of  Le  Grand,  Green  Castle  and  Marion,  in  said  county,  according  to  the  returns 
of  said  election  from  said  townships  now  on  file  in  your  office,  and  when  so  re- 
canvassed,  to  declare  the  result  in  accordance  with  said  vote  at  the  said  elec- 
tion, and  that  ycu  make  out  returns  hereof,  together  with  your  actions  and 
doings  hereunder,  to  the  District  Court  of  Marshall  County  at  the  next  April 
term,  thereof  you  are  not  to  fail. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I,  James  L.  Williams,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of 
Marshall  County,  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the  seal  of  said  Court 
this  6th  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1859.  James  L.  Williams, 

[seal.]  Clerl". 

It  is  claimed  by  some  of  the  Marietta  men  that  Justice  Wright  presented  a 
dissenting  opinion  in  the  preceding  case,  and  that  the  opposition  to  Marshall, 
on  their  part,  was  largely  based  on  this  decision.  We  can  find  no  trace  of  any 
such  opinion.  The  reports  contain  no  mention  of  it.  The  singular  feature  of 
this  part  of  the  case  is  that  the  impression  that  Judge  Wright  made  a  state- 
ment, should  be  so  wide-spread,  without  some  available  evidence  to  substan- 
tiate the  belief. 

The  peremptory  mandamus  was  made  out,  but  illegally  served  upon  the 
County  Judge.  The  law  explicitly  provides  that  the  original  writ  shall  be 
personally  served  on  the  party ;  but  in  this  case  a  copy  was  read  to  the  Judge, 
who  certified  to  having  been  served  in  that  manner.  This  irregular  proceeding 
created  a  whirl  of  excitement  among  the  Marshall  faction. 

It  is  a  disputed  question  as  to  whether  a  legal  service  of  the  peremptory 
mandamus  was  ever  made  upon  the  Judge.     At  all  events,  he  called  to  his  assis- 
tance two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  proceeded  to  recanvass  the  vote  as  ordered. 
The  Justices,  John  Turner  and  Elias  Wolohan,  were  both  Marietta  men,  and 
claimed  that  the  order  of  the  Supreme  Court  did  not  tell  them  Iww  to  canvass, 
leaving  it  discretionary  with  them.     From  this  opinion  Judge  Smith  dissented,  but 
but  was  overruled  by  the  two  Justices,  who  proceeded  to  count  the  vote  as  it  had  pre- 
viously been  counted,  and  declare  Marietta  the  properly  designated  county  seat. 
The  recanvass  was  made  at  Marietta,   on  the  6th  day  of  January,  1859, 
and  the  following  returns  made  and  filed  with  ihe  county  Judge  : 
Abstract  of  the  ballots  in  the  several  townships  in  the  county  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa,  on 
Monda^,  the  5th  day  of  April,  1858,  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the 
State  of  Iowa : 

Name  of  Township  or  Precinct. 

Le  Grand* 

Marshall 

Marietta 

Liberty 

Bangor 

Iowa 

Marion* 

Eden 

Jefferson 

Green  Castle* 

Vienna 18  8 

Total 462  519 


Marshall. 

Marietta. 

204 

13 

177 

1 

103 

3 

94 

126 

106 

18 

".30 

79 

1 

^A  majority  of  the  Board  of  County  Canvassers  decide  that  there  is  no  return  from  this  township. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  377 

State  of  Towa,  County  of  Mabshali.,  ss  :  We,  the  undersigned  Board  of  County  Can- 
vassers in  and  for  the  county  and  State  aforesaid,  do  hereby  certify  that  we  have  this  day  can- 
vassed the  votes  cast  tor  the  county  seat  of  said  county  ^)f  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  in  the 
several  townships  in  said  county,  on  Monday,  the  5th  day  of  April,  A.  U.  18-58,  and  find  the 
result  to  be  as  follows,  to  wit :  Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of 
Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  nine  hundred  and  eighty-one,  of  which  Marietta  received  five 
hundred  and  nineteen  votes,  and  Marshall  received  four  hundred  and  sixty-two  votes,  for  the 
county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Towa.  Marietta,  having  received  the  highest  number  of  votes 
for  the  county  seat  of  the  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  is  declared  elected. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  9ur  official  signatures  (William  C.  Smith,  County 
Judge,  dissenting  in  opinion),  and  affixed  the  seal  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  at  Marietta,  this, 
the  6th  day  of  January,  A.  I).  185'.t. 

William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge,  dissenting,  he  having  decided  that  there  were  returns 
from  the  townships  of  Le  Grand,  Marion  and  Green  Castle,  and  the  majority  deciding  there 
were  not.  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge, 

John  Turner,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 

[seal.]  Elias  Wolohan,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 

County  Canvassem. 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.:  I,  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge  within  and  for 
said  county,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  within  and  foregoing  is  a  true  and  complete  copy  of  the 
county  canvass,  had  on  the  6th  day  of  January,  1859,  of  the  ballots  cast  on  Monday,  the  5tli  day 
of  April,  1858,  on  the  question  of  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa, 
from  the  town  of  Marietta  to  the  town  of  Marshall,  in  said  county. 

Witness   my  hand,  with   the  seal  of  said  county  hereto  affixed,  this  8th   day  of  January, 
A.  D.  1859. 

[seal.]  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge. 

The  case  was  then  taken  to  the  District  Court,  and  a  writ  of  attachment 
issued  against  the  Judge  of  the  county,  because  of  the  recounting  of  the  vote 
in  favor  of  Marietta — that  is,  because  of  the  action  of  the  Justices.  The 
Judge  absented  himself  from  the  county  temporarily,  and  thereby  avoided 
arrest. 

After  the  adjournment  of  the  District  Court,  Mr.  Smith  returned,  and  ap- 
pealed the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court,  when,  at  the  October  term,  1859,  the  fol- 
lowing opinion  was  delivered : 

The  State  of  Iowa  upon  the  Relation  of" 
Wells  S.  Rice, 

vs.  ■  j>  Marshall  County,  Appellants. 

W.  C.  Smith, 
County  Judge  of  Marshall  County. 

Henderson  &  Clarke  for  Petitioners ;  Eastman  and  Cole  &  Jewett  for  Re- 
spondent. 

The  same  cause  was  before  this  Court  at  the  December  term,  A.  D.  1858. 
A  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus  had  been  ordered  by  the  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court,  and  the  defendant  appealed. 

The  judgment  of  that  Court  was  affirmed,  and  the  writ  issued  accordingly. 
In  the  return  to  the  alternative  writ,  the  County  Judge  and  Canvassers  had  stated 
that  they  had  rejected  the  returns  from  the  townships  of  Green  Castle,  Le 
Grand  and  Marion  for  insufficiency. 

It  was  held  they  were  not  authorized  to  adjudge  upon  their  sufficiency  or 
validity,  but  if  they  were  returns  the  canvassers  must  count  them,  and  leave 
their  sufficiency  to  be  determined  in  some  other  proceedings,  and  that  even  this 
Court  could  not  adjudicate  this  question  in  that  cause. 

In  the  certificate  of  the  returns  to  the  peremptory  writ,  the  County  Judge 
states  that  in  recanvassing  the  returns  of  the  election,  in  obedience  to  the  per- 
emptory writ,  a  majority  of  the  canvassers  decided  that  the  papers  supposed  to 
be  returns  from  the  three  townships  were  not  returns,  the  two  Justices  so  hold- 
ing, and  he  dissenting ;  and  he  sets  forth  the  canvass  made  by  them.      In  con- 


378  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL' COUNTY. 

sequence  of  this   decision,   the   returns   from   those  three   townships  were  not 
counted. 

In  this  stage  of  the  case,  the  relator  moved  for  a  writ  of  attachment  against 
the  County  Judge,  and  that  the  above  certificate  of  return  be  set  aside.  This 
was  set  aside,  and  the  writ  of  attachment  was  issued.  There  is  strictly  no  re- 
turn to  the  peremptory  writ ;  it  is  to  be  obeyed,  and  a  certificate  is  made  of  what 
has  been  done.    (Tapp  on  Mand.,  top  page,  61,  389,  445,  456,  State  vs.  Jones). 

A  writ  of  attachment  was  issued,  running  against  the  County  Judge,  with- 
out naming  him.  a  return  of  non  est  being  made,  an  alias  issued,  and  the  same 
return  was  made,  and  a  pluries  was  issued. 

The  defendant  then  appeared,  by  his  counsel,  and  moved  that  it  be  (|uashed, 
for  the  reason  that  the  writs  ran  against  the  County  Judge,  and  the  returns  to 
the  former  writ  of  attachment  showed  that  the  individual  was  absent  from  the 
county,  and  could  therefore  do  no  act  as  a  Judge  (the  former  certificate  having 
been  made  before  the  term  of  the  court),  and  that  the  County  Judge,  "  de  jure 
or  de  facto  " — that  is,  the  Judge  or  his  legal  substitute — was  always  present  in 
the  county. 

The  writ  of  attachment  should  run  against  who  may  be  entitled  as  the 
County  Judge,  but  it  should  not  is?ue  against  the  official  canvassers.  There 
was,  however,  occasion  for  such  a  writ.  In  the  prior  proceedings  the  returns 
from  the  three  townships  had  been  treated  as  returns.  They  had  been  rejected 
for  insufficiency  only,  and  the  command  of  the  peremptory  writ  was  that  they 
should  be  counted.  After  this,  it  did  not  lie  in  the  i)ower  of  the  canvassers  to 
say  that  they  were  not  returns. 

The  order  of  the  peremptory  writ  extends  to  the  Justices  as  well  as  to  the 
County  Judge,  in  its  legal  effect.  If  it  were  not  so,  they  might  defeat  the  ob- 
ject intende(l,  and  so  it  would  in  this  case.  The  Judge,  with  the  Justices,  as 
canvassers,  must  do  what  is  commanded  by  the  writ.  Therefore,  the  writ  of 
attachment  should  have  issued  against  the  Justices  as  well  as  the  Judge.  The 
County  Judge  cannot  control  them  and  their  actions ;  but  this  belongs  to  the 
District  Court.  The  only  discretion  now  left  them  is  to  compute  the  votes  for 
the  respective  places. 

The  Judge  having  returned  that  he  was  willing  to  obey,  cannot  be  made  to 
suffer  for  disobedience,  but  he  can  still  be  caused  to  do  the  act. 

The  return  of  a  copy  of  proceedings  made  by  the  County  Clerk,  and  show- 
\n(f  a  subsequent  canvass,  with  the  assistance  of  still  other  Justices,  cannot  be 
regarded. 

It  is  not  certified  nor  returned  by  the  Judge,  and,  besides,  the  Judge,  with 
the  two  Justices  first  called  under  a  peremptory  writ,  or  a  majority  of  them, 
must  be  caused  to  obey  the  writ.  They  have  been  called,  and  they  are  not  yet 
discharged. 

The  appeal  of  the  defendant  is  from  the  order  setting  aside  the  certificate 
of  return  and  granting  the  pluries  writ  of  attachment,  and  from  them  refused 
to  set  them  aside.  This  writ  should  be  set  aside  ;  but,  because  it  runs  against 
the  County  Judge  alone,  and  against  him  in  his  official  name,  and  such  a  writ 
must  issue  against  William  C.  Smith,  the  County  Judge,  and  against  John 
Turner  and  Elias  Wolohan  (who  Avere  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  called  to  act  as 
canvassers),  to  all  of  whom  the  command  of  the  peremptory  writ  extended,  and 
they  are  to  be  dealt  with  according  to  law  in  such  case.  Until  they  obey  the 
peremptory  writ  of  mandamus,  the  judgment  of  the  District  Court  is,  therefore, 
reversed,  and  a  writ  of  procedendo  will  issue. 

[Signed.]  W.  G.  AVoodward,  Justice. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  379 

The  newspapers  waged  as  bitter  a  war  as  we  have  ever  noticed,  even  in 
Western  journalism.  So  emphatic  were  the  utterances  that  quotation  from  the 
cohimns  of  those  papers  in  this  chapter  would  be  an  act  of  personal  injustice  to 
interested  parties.  It  must  be  admitted,  however,  that  the  Marshall  County 
Times  was  conducted  with  marked  ability,  coming  into  this  struggle  at  a  little 
later  date  than  we  have  now  reached.  It  began  in  1858,  and  was  conducted 
on  the  true  basis  of  news.  The  loiva  Central  Journal^  a  Marshall  faction 
paper,  published  at  Albion,  and  the  Marietta  Express,  are  conspicuous  factors  in 
the  battle ;  but  the  files  are  so  imperfect  that  the  writer  is  unable  to  gather 
much  of  value  therefrom.  This  careless  preservation  of  these  files  is  a  fact  to 
be  seriously  regretted  by  both  newspaper  men  in  the  county  and  the  historian. 

Ax  this  juncture  in  the  affairs  of  the  two  armies,  the  Marshall  men,  who 
were  rendered  more  demonstrative  by  the  articles  published  by  Mr.  H.  C 
Henderson,  in  the  Times,  resorted  to  forcible  means  to  attain  their  ends.  Com- 
plaint was  made  by  Sylvanus  Rice  against  Judge  Smith  and  his  aids  for  mal- 
feasance in  ofiice,  before  N.  F.  Yeamans,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Marshall : 
and  warrants  were  issued  for  the  arrest  of  the  recalcitrant  officials. 

It  is  necessary  to  return  to  a  date  somewhat  earlier  than  the  arrest  of  the 
Canvassers  to  explain  a  measure  proposed  by  the  Marietta  men,  before  proceed- 
ing with  the  account  of  the  "trial"  of  Smith. 

Soon  after  the  recanvass  by  Turner  and  Wolohan,  a  meeting  was  secretly 
called  at  Marietta,  of  which  Judge  Smith  was  in  ignorance.  At  that  meeting, 
the  subject  of  compelling  the  settlement  of  the  contest  by  the  erection  of  an  ex- 
pensive Court  House  at  Marietta  was  freely  discussed.  The  prime  mover  in 
the  matter  was  William  Dishon. 

The  day  folloAving  this  meeting,  Dishon  approached  Smith  wdth  the  scheme, 
which  was  the  issuance  of  county  bonds,  in  a  large  sum,  to  Dishon,  in  payment 
for  a  Court  House  building  that  would  be  so  fine  as  to  preclude  the  probability 
of  a  continuance  of  the  struggle.  It  was  hoped  thereby  to  reach  the  pockets 
of  enough  disinterested  voters  to  carry  the  day  ;  for  the  erection  of  county 
buildings  was  a  matter  not  to  be  treated  lightly. 

Smith  refused  to  entertain  the  proposition  at  first,  but  consented  to  attend 
a  secret  meeting  on  the  following  night,  The  meeting  was  held,  and  each  man 
in  attendance  was  sworn  to  secrecy.  There  were  present  H.  E.  J.  Boardman, 
William  Dishon,  Thomas  Mercer,  James  L.  Williams,  Thomas  B.  Abell  and 
many  others.  The  question  was  fully  argued.  Dishon  stated  that  he  had  con- 
ferred with  the  leading  men  of  the  county,  and  found  them  almost  unanimous 
in  favor  of  the  plan,  which  would  end  the  tiresome  controversy.  It  is  said 
there  w'as  a  diversity  of  opinion  in  the  meeting,  however.  Smith  opposed  the 
matter,  according  to  his  own  statement  made  to  the  writer.  The  account  here 
given  is  almost  a  literal  copy  of  his  report.  After  a  lengthy  arguing  of  the 
case.  Smith  consented  that  Dishon  should  go  to  Des  Moines  and  consult  with 
Messrs.  Crocker,  Cole  and  Casady,  lawyers.  If  they  thought  it  legal  and 
prudent,  he  would  consent.  Dishon  went  to  Des  Moines,  and  was  absent 
during  the  proceedings  which  we  are  about  to  relate. 

Sylvanus  Rice  charged  the  Board  of  Canvassers,  Smith,  Turner  and  Wolo- 
han with  crime  and  malfeasance  in  office,  entering  his  complaint  before  Justice 
Yeamans,  at  Marshall,  and  procured  warrants  for  their  arrest.  Sheriff  Harris 
proceeded  to  Marietta  with  the  warrants,  and  at  once  took  Turner  and  Wolohan 
into  custody.  The  County  Court  being  then  in  session,  presided  over  by  Judge 
Smith,  the  Sheriff  refrained  from  serving  the  warrant  ujxm  the  Judge  until  the 
adjournment  of  the  Court  in  the  evening.     He  then  took  the  three  Canvassers 


380  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

into  his  charge  and  prepared  to  return  to  Marshall.  The  citizens  of  Marietta 
opposed  Smith's  going,  anticipating  trouble  from  the  Marshall  men  ;  but  the 
Judge  re])lied  that  he  would  go  as  freely  to  answer  this  charge  as  he  would  go 
to  his  supper.     A  number  of  the  Marietta  men  accompanied  the  Judge. 

When  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  Marshall,  the  party  Avas  met  by  a  large 
number  of  men,  who  manifested  considerable  feeling.  The  Judge  had  no  idea 
of  the  real  condition  of  affairs  in  Marshall,  and  the  appearance  of  this  body  of 
men  naturally  aroused  in  his  mind  a  sense  of  alarm. 

When  he  reached  the  town,  he  found  many  hundred  persons  surrounding 
the  Court  House.  It  was  then  about  7  oclock  in  the  evening.  After  calling 
Court,  to  which  the  Sheriff  responded  with  his  prisoners.  Justice  Yeamans 
adjourned  the  same  for  supper.  After  the  adjournment,  Mr.  Woodbury  invited 
Smith  to  go  wuth  him  to  tea.  The  Judge  responded  that  he  did  not  know 
whether  he  was  at  liberty  to  do'  so,  since  he  w  as  in  the  custody  of  the  Sheriff.  Mr. 
Harris  gave  him  permission  to  go  with  Mr.  Woodbury,  and  they  proceeded  to 
the  house  of  the  latter,  Avhere  a  social  meal  was  enjoyed  until  about  8  o'clock. 
There  was  at  that  time  an  alarm  at  the  door.  Upon  opening  it,  Mr.  Wood- 
bury discovered  the  Rev.  Mr.  Babcock,  a  Methodist  clergyman,  located  at 
Marshall,  who  expressed  an  earnest  desire  to  see  Mr.  Smith.  The  Judge 
stepped  out  of  the  door,  when  Mr.  Babcock  conducted  him  around  the  house  to 
a  retired  place,  and  there  told  him  that  he  had  come  to  him  as  a  friend.  Mr. 
Babcock  assured  him  that  he  must  recanvass  the  vote  and  declare  the  same  in 
favor  of  Marshall,  or  he  would  certainly  be  lynched  before  morning.  The 
Judge  responded  to  him  that  he  did  not  then  know  what  he  should  do,  but  that 
he  most  strenuously  refused  to  make  a  voluntary  canvass  of  the  votes,  or  to 
comply  with  the  request. 

The  gentlemen  were  then  joined  by  Messrs.  Woodbury,  Brown,  Hepburn 
and  Glick,  and  a  general  conversation  ensued.  The  weather  was  cold,  and  Mr. 
Woodbury  invited  the  party  into  his  office,  where  the  conversation  was  continued. 
The  Judge  was  again  assured  of  the  necessity  of  the  recanvass  in  order  to 
pacify  the  people  and  prevent  personal  violence  to  himself  The  Judge  met  all 
these  propositions  with  a  firm  refusal  to  entertain  the  same,  but  suggested  his 
willingness  to  submit  the  matter  to  a  competent  jury  of  unbiased  lawyers,  and 
said  that  he  was  willing  to  abide  by  their  decision,  after  a  full  presentation  of 
both  sides  of  the  case.  This  proposal  was  at  once  rejected  by  the  Marshall 
men.  He  told  them  that  he  realized  that  he  was  in  their  power,  and  might  be 
compelled  through  the  exercise  of  force  to  obey  their  commands,  but  that  he 
was  opposed  to  such  proceedings,  and  that  if  he  did  recanvass,  it  would  be 
against  his  will  and  by  compulsion,  and  consequently  would  not  be  legal. 

The  party  then  started  to  return  to  the  Court  House.  The  Judge  observed 
that  the  house  was  surrounded  by  men.  Upon  the  re-ass  'mbling  of  court,  the 
Judge  offered  to  waive  examination  as  to  the  alleged  malfeasance  in  office,  and  be 
bound  over  to  appear  at  the  next  term  of  the  District  Court  to  answer  to  the 
charge.  The  Court  refused  to  entertain  the  plea.  He  then  applied  for  a 
change  of  venue ;  said  that  he  could  get  no  justice  in  the  tribunal  before  which 
he  was  arraigned,  and  made  oath  to  the  necessity  of  such  procedure.  This 
request  w'as  also  refused.  Mr.  Smith  now  states  that  at  this  stage  of  the  so- 
called  trial,  he  distinctly  heard  from  the  men  without  the  Court  House  (for  tbe 
room  could  not  contain  all  who  were  assembled)  the  cries  of  "Lynch  him  !  " 
"  Blow  out  the  lights  I  "  "  J^et  us  clean  out  the  Marietta  men  I  " 

At  this  juncture  of  affairs,  when  violence  seemed  imminent,  Messrs.  Wood- 
bury and  Glick  approached  the  Judge,  and  said  to  him,  "  Come  with  us.'"    They 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUHTY.  381 

led  him  down  into  the  street,  one  upon  either  side,  and  asked  him  where  he 
wanted  to  go.  He  told  them  that  his  first  choice,  of  course,  was  to  go  home, 
but  that,  if  he  could  not  go  there,  he  desired  to  be  taken  to  his  father's  house, 
just  across  Linn  Creek.  'They  consented  to  go  with  him,  and  conducted  him 
to  the  place  mentioned.  They  led  him  to  his  father's  gate,  and  told  him  to  go 
in.  to  rest  quietly,  and  to  come  up  in  the  morning,  and  settle  matters  then. 

The  Judge  went  into  the  house  and  was  engaged  in  telling  his  father  of  the 
aflfairs  of  the  day,  when  some  one  rapped  at  the  door.  He  opened  the  door  and 
found  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Messr^.  Jarvis  and  Haskins.  He  inquired 
their  business,  and  was  informed  that  they  had  come  there  to  reeanvass  the  vote. 
"  To-night  ?  "  asked  the  Judge.      "  Yes,"  responded  the  Justices. 

The  moon  was  shining  brightly,  and  Judge  Smith  was  able  to  distinguish 
the  forms  of  many  men  in  the  vicinity  of  the  house.  Parson  Babcock  put  in 
an  appearance,  and  told  the  Judge  that  he  desired  him  to  accompany  him  to 
his  (the  parson's)  house.  Smith  asked  what  was  wanted  of  him.  and  Babcock 
replied  that  he  would  find  out  after  he  got  there. 

The  Judge  stepped  into  the  yard,  when  he  was  surrounded  by  men,  two  on 
each  side,  two  in  front  and  two  behind.  He  was  led  up  Linn  Creek  to  the  old 
mill,  where  the  oil-mill  now  stands,  thence  across  the  dam  and  back  to  town. 
He  was  taken  to  Babcock's  house,  and  conducted  into  an  upper  chamber. 
There  Messrs.  Woodbury  and  Hepburn  expressed  a  desire  to  have  the  vote 
recanvassed.  Smith  assured  the  gentlemen  that  he  would  comply  with  their 
demands,  but  that  the  work  was  performed  on  compulsion,  and  would  not  stand 
in  law.  The  Marshall  men  were  willing  to  take  all  chances  on  this  score,  and 
ordered  the  Judge  to  proceed. 

Soine  time  prior  to  this,  as  though  in  anticipation  of  the  events  of  the  night, 
Mr.  Woodbury  had  obtained  an  impression  of  the  county  seal  upon  blank  paper, 
in  a  surreptitious  manner,  while  at  the  Court  House  in  Marietta.  The  returns 
of  election  were  all  made  out,  and  required  merely  the  signature  of  Judge  Smith 
to  give  them  the  appearance  of  validity.  The  name  was  subscribed  to  these 
papers,  as  before  related,  and  the  following  canvass  made  : 

Abstract  of  votes  cast  for  county  seat  on  Monday,  the  oth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1858,  for  the 
county  seat  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa. 

William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge. 

Abstract  of  the  ballots  cast  in  the  several  townships  in  the  county  of  Marshall  and  State  of 
Iowa,  on  Monday,  the  oth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1858,  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of 
Marshall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa  : 

Name  of  Township  or  Precinct.  Marshall.  Marietta.  Le  Grand. 

Le  Grand 79  19  1 

Marshall 204 

Marietta 13  177               

Liberty 1  103 

Bangor 3  94               

Iowa 126  106 

Marion 87  17               

Eden 18  30 

Jefferson 79  1               

Green  Castle 39  7               

Vienna 18  8               


Total 667  562  1 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.:  We,  the  undersigned  Board  of 
County  Canvassers,  in  and  for  the  county  aforesaid,  do  hereby  certify  that  we 
have  this  day  canvassed  the  votes  cast  for  the  county  seat  of  said  county  of 
Marshall   in   the  State  of  Iowa,  in   the  several  townships  in  said  county,  on 


382  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Monday,  the  5th  day  of  April.  A.  D.  1858,  and  .find  the  result  to  be  as  follows, 
to  wit :  Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  tlie  county  seat  of  said  county  of  Mar- 
shall in  the  State  of  Iowa,  twelve  hundred  and  thirty,  of  which  Marietta 
received  five  hundred  and  sixty-two  votes,  and  Marshall  received  six  hundred 
and  sixty-seven  votes,  and  Le  Grand  received  one  vote  for  the  county  seat  of 
Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

Marshall,  having  received  the  highest  number  of  votes  cast  for  the  county 
seat  of  said  county  of  Marshall,  in  the  State  ol  Iowa,  we  therefore  declare  Mar- 
shall to  be  the  county  seat  of  said  county. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  ofiicial  signatures,  with  the 
seal  of  said  county  hereunto  affixed,  this,  the  11th  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1859. 

WiLLiAiM  C.  Smith,  County  Judge, 
J.  H.  Jarvis,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
C.  A.  Haskins,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 

County  Canvassers. 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.:  Whereas,  On  this  11th  day  of 
January,  A.  D.  1859,  I,  William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge  within  and  for  said 
county,  did  take  to  my  assistance  C.  A.  Haskins,  Esq.,  and  J.  H.  Jarvis,  Esq., 
two  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  said  county,  and  canvassed  the  votes  cast  at  the 
April  election,  A.  D.  1858,  in  said  county,  on  the  question  of  the  removal  of 
the  county  seat  of  said  county  of  Mai-shall,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  from  the  town 
of  Marietta  to  the  town  of  Marshall,  in  said  county,  I  do  hereby  declare 
Marshall  to  be  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

William  C.  Smith,  County  Judge. 

It  is  shown,  notwithstanding  the  denials,  that  the  opportunity  was  then  im- 
proved to  serve  upon  the  Judge  the  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus  ordering 
the  removal  of  the  records.  The  service  was  admitted  in  the  following  docu- 
ment : 

LEGAL    SERVICE    OF    PEREMPTORY    WRIT. 

Received  the  original  writ  (of  which  the  within  is  a  true  copy),  for  service,  this  11th  day  of 
January,  A.  D.  18o!1,  and  served  the  same  original  the  same  day  by  delivering  the  same  to  Will- 
iam C.  Smith,  the  County  Judge  of  Marshal  County,  Iowa,  in  person,  at  his  office  in  Marietta,  in 
said  county. 

Witness  my  hand  and  seal,  the  day  and  year  above  mentioned. 

[seal.]  L.  L.  Harris, 

Sheriff  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

When  these  returns  and  service  of  writ  were  made,  the  Judge  proceeded  to 
issue  the  following 

ORDER   FOR    REMOVAL    OF   COUNTY    PROPERTY. 

State  of  Iowa,  Maushall  County,  ss.:     To  the  Sheriff  of  A/nrfhall  County,  Greeting : 

Whereas,  On  the  11th  diy  of  January,  A.  D.  185!i,  Marsliall  was  declared  by  authority  of 
law  to  be  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  you  are,  therefore,  hereby  authorized  and 
required  to  remove,  carefully  and  unharmed,  all  the  records,  books,  papers,  documents  and  other 
property  belonging  to  said  county,  now  in  the  town  of  Marietta,  in  said  county,  to  the  town  of 
Marshall,  in  said  county. 

Witness  my  hand,  this  lltli  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1859. 

Wm.  C.  Smith,   County  Judge. 

After  these  formalities  were  completed,  the  Judge  was  shown  to  bed  and  no 
harm  was  done  him.     The  house  was  guarded,  however,  during  the  entire  night. 

Mr.  Woodbury  came  to  the  Judge  and  advised  with  him  relative  to  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Marshall  men.  Now  that  they  were  armed  with  the  Judge's 
order  to  the  officers  of  the  county  to  deliver  up  the  property,  they  were  half 


HISTORY  OF  :MARSHALL  COUNTY.  383 

crazed.     Mr.  Smith  advised  a  peaceful  attempt  to  carry  out  the  order,  fearing 
that  a  forcible  exhibition  would  provoke  feeling  and  end  in  bloodshed. 

Mr.  Woodbury  wanted  the  Judge  to  go  to  Marietta  and  urge  the  delivery  of 
the  archives ;  but  Smith  replied  that  such  an  act  would  place  him  between  two 
fires  and  result  in  certain  death.  He  could  not  go  to  Marietta  and  tell  his 
townsmen  that  he  had  voluntarily  consented  to  the  issuance  of  the  order,  for 
that  would  be  false ;  nor  could  he  consent  to  telling  the  people  publicly  that 
the  order  had  been  forced  from  him,  for  that  would  create  so  bitter  an  antago- 
nism among  the  armed  Marshall  men  as  to  result  in  his  bodily  injury.  For 
these  reasons  he  refused  to  go  to  Marietta  with  Mr.  Woodbury. 

At  this  critical  period,  Mr.  E.  N.  Chapin,  who  then  lived  at  Albion,  came  to  see 
the  Judge  and  ascertain  the  true  state  of  afiairs.  Mr.  Smith  speaks  in  warm- 
est praise  of  the  disinterested  friendship  manifested  for  him  at  that  alarming 
time  by  Mr.  Chapin,  who  stood  by  him,  in  the  name  of  justice,  as  no  other 
person  did. 

Mr.  Chapin  says  that  he  asked  the  Judge  Avhether  he  had  voluntarily  made 
the  recanvass.  The  Judge  told  him  that  he  had  made  it  because  he  considered 
it  the  safest  thing  to  do ;  that  he  had  not  acted  voluntarily  in  the  matter,  but 
that  he  was  actuated  by  fears  for  his  personal  safety.  Mr.  Chapin  urged  him 
to  do  what  he  considered  right  in  the  matter,  and  the  Judge  replied  that  he 
would  be  governed  by  the  proper  motives  in  all  he  did. 

It  may  be  overstepping  the  bounds  of  our  office  to  interpolate  the  result  of 
our  investigations  here;  but,  at  the  hazard  of  creating  comment,  we  shall  express 
what  we  consider  the  sentiment  of  both  factions  in  the  affair  just  related.  No 
one  has  made  a  more  exhaustive  examination  of  this  contest  than  we  have  done. 
The  courts  have  passed  upon  various  legal  phases  of  the  question ;  but  those 
opinions  were  rendered  in  the  height  of  the  conflict,  and  were  in  themselves 
but  fragments  of  the  controversy.  Brief  histories  have  been  prepared  by  persons 
more  or  less  interested  here,  and  necessarily  to  that  degree  unconsciously  biased  by 
friendship  or  other  causes.  We  are  the  first  to  literally  mine  out  the  volumi- 
nous records,  and  prepare  a  full  and  connected  account  of  the  "  war."  The  posi- 
tion occupied  by  the  historian  is  sufficiently  elevated  above  interests  local  and 
personal  and  generally  independent,  to  allow  a  free  and  unobstructed  view  of 
the  late  field  of  battle.  We  therefore  submit  the  following  opinion  of  the  pro- 
ceedings thus  far,  as  the  result  of  impartial  consideration. 

Marshall  was  seriously  in  earnest  in  her  attempt  to  gain  the  victory.  Not 
only  was  she  governed  by  a  desire  to  acquire  wealth  and  position  by  the  loca- 
tion of  the  seat  with  her,  but  there  was  a  still  stronger  vein  of  feeling  underly- 
ing her  action,  which  was  a  dislike  of  failure  in  the  cause  she  had  espoused. 
These  were  both  natural  motives  for  vigorous  conduct,  and  apply  as  well  to 
Marietta  as  to  Marshall. 

The  leyal  question  had  been  decided  in  favor  of  Marshall,  and  therein  lay 
her  strongest  claim.  The  question  arose  as  to  the  surest  method  of  enforcing 
the  advantage  gained  by  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Marietta  consid- 
ered the  opinion  of  the  Court  not  only  unjust,  but  even  biased ;  and  was  as 
firmly  determined  to  maintain  her  nine  points  of  possession  as  Marshall  was  to 
override  them.  Knowing  the  metal  of  Marietta  men,  Marshall  concluded  that 
a  displaji  of  force  upon  the  Judge  separately  would  effect  the  desired  purpose, 
and  avoid  armed  conflict.  We  do  not  wish  to  impugn  Judge  Smith's  bravery, 
but  it  appears  to  us  that  there  was  more  show  of  violence  than  there  was  a  sincere 
spirit  to  perpetrate  it.  The  arrest  of  the  Judge  and  the  liberation  of  the  two 
Canvassers,  Turner  and  Wolohan,  while  he  was  retained,  shows  that  the  Mar- 


384  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

shall  men  were  bent  on  one  purpose  alone,  viz.,  the  obtaining  of  his  signature 
tc  the  preconcerted  recanvass  papers.  The  unwarranted  possession  of  the  im- 
pression of  the  county  seal,  and  the  united  action  of  the  Marshall  men  on  the 
night  of  the  Judge's  arrest ;  the  refusal  to  extend  liis  lawful  right  of  change  of 
venue,  that  he  might  carry  his  case  to  the  District  Court,  stamp  the  proceed- 
ings before  Justice  Yeamans  a  farce. 

Therefore,  we  express  the  belief,  that  had  Judge  Smith  absolutely  refused 
to  obey  the  demands  of  his  opponents,  he  would  have  held  the  key  to  the  situ- 
ation.    Violence  would  never  have  been  used  against  him,  had  he  done  so. 

The  men  interested  in  the  Marshall  movement  were  the  leading  men  of  the 
town.  Messrs.  Woodbury,  Glick,  Hepburn,  et  al.^  would  no  more  have  dared 
to  lift  their  hands  against  the  Judge  than  they  would  against  us  for  writing 
these  lines.  There  were  hot-blooded  men  in  the  crowd,  but  the  town  was  not 
in  a  state  of  anarchy,  and  the  leaders  were  amply  able  to  control  the  reckless 
spirits.  The  whole  matter  was  intended  as  an  intimidation  merely,  and  as  that, 
succeeded  in  full  degree. 

Judge  Smith  is  in  no  way  to  blame  for  his.  conduct.  The  appearance  of 
violence  is  as  unpleasant,  oftentimes,  as  the  actual  existence  of  danger.  Smith 
was  alone,  and  felt  that  he  was  in  the  power  of  his  political  enemies.  He 
yielded  under  protest,  and  obeyed  their  commands. 

At  a  later  period  in  the  contest,  there  was  great  danger  of  bloodshed ;  for 
Marshall  had  grown  somewhat  reckless  in  her  victory  over  the  Judge.  But  at 
the  time  of  the  signing  of  the  returns,  the  blood  of  the  leaders  was  not  hot 
enough  to  permit  any  outrages  in  the  village  of  Marshall.  The  naturally  ex- 
cited mind  of  the  Judge  saw  more  to  create  apprehension  than  really  existed, 
we  have  no  doubt. 

This  statement  is  due  to  Marshall,  since  we  have  given  the  Judge's  account 
of  the  arrest,  almost  verbatim,  and  with  his  full  knowledge.  It  is  not  just  that 
the  names  of  those  who  controlled  the  Marshall  faction  should  pass  into  history 
as  willful  violators  of  law  and  order,  to  the  extent  of  encouraging  so  enormous 
a  crime  as  murder.  Had  the  Judge  refused  their  demands,  and  asked  "  What 
are  you  going  to  do  about  it  ?  "  the  leaders  would  have  answered,  "Nothing." 
They  would  have  been  compelled  to  restrain  the  worst  element  in  order  to  pre- 
serve their  own  safety  as  well  as  honor.  The  death  of  Judge  Smith  would 
have  resulted  in  the  burning  of  Marshall  and  the  ostracism  of  its  leading 
men.  This  fact  was  fully  known  by  all,  and  would  have  controlled  if  fairness 
and  honesty  could  not. 

Having  received  the  signature  of  the  Judge  to  returns  declaring  Marshall 
the  county  seat,  it  then  devolved  upon  the  Marshallites  to  secure  the  records 
and  county  property.  This  was  a  task  of  no  small  magnitude,  since  the  archives 
were  in  the  hands  of  men  as  intrepid  as  any  in  the  State.  But  neither  party 
was  of  a  nature  to  falter  at  dangerous  work. 

On  the  11th  of  January,  1859,  Sherift'  Harris  ordered  out  the  company  of 
militia,  commanded  by  Capt.  E.  Shurtz.     The  following  order  was  issued : 

Marshall,  .Januarj'  11,  1859. 
<"apt.  E.  Shurtz,  Esq.  : 

Sir — You  are  hereby  commanded  to  summon  your  company  to  he  and  appear  before  the 
Court  House  in  Marietta,  in  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  arnieil  and  equipped  as  by  law  required, 
forthwith  ;   and  by  no  means  whatsoever  harm  or  molest  any  one  without  my  ordei's. 

Hereof  fail  not,  under  the  pains  and  penalties  of  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Iowa. 

You  are  further  comman<led  to  strictly  forbid  any  loose  talk  or  swearing, .or  even  threats, 
from  any  one  of  your  company.  L.  L.  Harris,  Sheriff  of  Marshall  Counii/,  foira. 

Judge  Smith  was  still  at  Parson  Babcock's  house. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  385 

All  was  hurry,  bustle  and  excitement  in  Marshall,  It  was  designed  to  keep 
the  intended  attack  upon  the  Court  House  a  secret,  and  accomplish  the  capture 
bv  strategy.  But  fortune  smiled  upon  the  Marietta  forces.  There  were  friends 
of  that  party  in  Marshall  Avhen  the  summons  came,  and  they  speedily  set  forth, 
like  Paul  Revere,  to  warn  the  sleeping  citizens  of  the  approach  of  invading 
hordes.  Messrs.  Boardman  and  Turner  Avere  in  Marshall  with  a  somewhat 
worn  wagon,  but  that  did  not  deter  them  from  making  royal  speed  homeward. 
On  they  dashed,  regardless  of  the  safety  of  life  or  limb.  Disaster  overtook 
them  in  their  hurried  flight,  but  did  not  dishearten  them  in  the  least.  A  tire 
flew  off'  their  wheel,  and  on  they  went,  rattling  away  on  broken  fellies  and  bat- 
tered spokes.  At  last  they  reached  the  citadel  and  aroused  the  friends  of  per- 
sonal liberty.  The  story  was  quickly  told,  but  the  trouble  lay  in  finding  an 
organizer.  Mr.  Greener  arrived  early  in  the  day  and  told  the  story  to  startled 
Marietta.  Neither  Deputy  Sheriff"  nor  Coroner  lived  in  the  village  ;  but  William 
H.  Weatherly  was  there,  and  to  him,  as  an  experienced  officer  of  the  law,  papers 
were  issued  at  once  as  Special  Sheriff". 

Mr.  W.  rallied  his  troops,  which  were  armed  with  all  sorts  of  implements  of 
war.  Men  were  stationed  in  front  of  the  building  and  others  were  placed  about 
it.  Orders  Avere  given  not  to  fire  without  positive  commands  from  the  Special 
Sheriff".  In  this  position  the  defenders  of  the  court  records  and  tax  rolls 
awaited  the  approach  of  the  Marshall  troops.  Finally,  down  the  road  appeared 
the  forces,  vaguely  seen  in  the  winter  morning.  The  invaders  halted  at  a  safe 
distance  and  made  known  their  business.  Sheriff"  Harris  accosted  Sheriff"  Weath- 
erly, and  demanded  a  peaceful  surrender ;  but  that  was  not  within  the  power  of 
the  Marietta  Captain  to  grant.  He  told  the  Sheriff"  to  retire,  or  he  would  not 
be  responsible  for  personal  injury  to  him.  Sheriff"  Harris  was  not  a  cowardly 
man,  but  he  desired  to  be  safely  out  of  complications  that  endangered  future 
political  preferment. 

Parley  after  parley  was  held,  but  the  same  answer  was  returned.  The 
Marietta  men  answered  that  the  archives  could  be  taken  away  only  over  their 
dead  bodies.  The  Marshall  men,  supported  by  the  Bowen  Guards,  armed  with 
Government  muskets,  were  determined  to  take  the  records,  even  at  the  hazard 
of  life.  The  Guards  were  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Elliott  Shurtz,  First 
Lieut.  George  Hampton  and  Second  Lieut.  Wells  S.  Rice.  The  regular  body 
numbered,  probably,  fifty  arms,  while  as  many  more  men,  armed  at  will,  were 
following  in  the  wake  of  the  Guards.  There  were,  doubtless,  several  hun- 
dred Marshall  men  on  the  grounds.  The  Marietta  forces  may  have  reached 
fifty  strong,  but  they  •'  held  the  fort." 

The  little  town  was  turned  into  a  martial  camp.  It  is  said  that  a  keg  of 
powder  was  placed  under  the  county  safe,  with  which  to  blow  up  the  records  in 
case  the  Court  House  was  captured.  Even  the  women  were  belligerent,  and 
armed  themselves  with  such  articles  of  defense  and  off"ense  as  were  within  their 
reach.  James  L.-  Williams  was  to  fire  the  train  .and  blow  up  the  Court  House, 
in  case  of  its  capture.  Had  the  Marshall  men  reached  the  safe,  probably  a 
score  of  lives  would  have  been  instantly  sacrificed  by  the  explosion  of  the 
mine. 

While  the  leaders  of  the  Marshall  men  were  not  bent  on  bloody  work,  they 
were  disposed  to  make  as  formal  a  show  of  authority  as  possible,  and  intimidate 
those  whom  they  really  believed  were  violators  of  the  law.  The  valiant  little 
band  of  Marietta  guards  were  as  sincere  in  their  defense  of  the  county  property 
as  were  the  Minute  Men  of  the  Revolution,  and  were  ready  to  fall,  if  need  be, 
in  the  discharge  of  a  duty.     The  bristling  bayonets  of  the  Bowen  Guards  were. 


886  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

in  the  eyes  of  Marietta,  the  evidences  of  tyranny,  so  cursed  in  the  estimation 
of  every  American,  and  must  be  brought  low  before  the  defenders  of  the  ftiith. 

Sheriff  Weatherly  meant  to  restrain  the  hot-blooded  young  men  of  his  party 
until  the  invaders  opened  the  battle  ;  but  he  was  equally  firm  in  the  intention 
to  order  his  men  to  fire  low,  if  an  assault  was  made  on  his  brave  little  company. 

The  Bowen  Guards  and  posse  comitatus  did  not  go  forth  with  ''  music  and 
banners,"  but  they  were  as  ready  to  fight  as  ever  was  the  bravest  company  of 
Union  men  when  face  to  face  with  traitors.  When  the  company  reached  Mari- 
etta, a  body  of  "cavalry"  preceded  the  "infantry."  The  greeting  of  this 
military  cavalcade  was  far  from  complimentary.  Even  the  women  of  Marietta 
were  up  in  arms,  ready  for  the  fray.  It  is  said  that  Mrs.  Boardman,  wife  of 
the  leading  spirit  of  Marietta,  provided  herself  with  a  gun  and  marched  out  to 
defend  her  home.  One  of  the  company  became  impertinent  to  her,  and,  with 
true  Western  grit,  she  ordered  him  to  observe  proper  respect,  or  she  would  shoot 
him  on  the  spot. 

One  of  the  most  humorous  of  all  the  incidents  was  the  appearance  of  Mr. 
Daly  on  the  scene,  armed  with  a  huge  sausage-stuifer,  from  which  he  sent  forth 
streams  of  muddy  water  upon  the  invading  hosts. 

It  is  said  that  the  clerical  robes  of  the  reverend  Chaplain  of  the  day,  Mr. 
Babcock,  of  Marshall,  were  badly  soiled  with  eggs  thrown  by  the  fair  hands  of 
Marietta  ladies,  and  that  the  voices  of  gentle  women  were  heard  all  day  long  in 
tone  J  suited  rather  to  outdoor  exercises  than  to  parlor  conversation.  But  there 
was  an  air  of  earnestness  in  all  their  doings  which  proclaimed  their  sincerity  in 
the  advocacy  of  the  cause. 

There  was  a  desperate  element  among  the  men  on  both  sides,  which  was  kept 
from  open  riot  only  by  the  firm,  cool  judgment  of  the  leaders  of  both  factions. 
When  the  day  advanced  and  the  time  drew  near  for  definite  proceedings.  Sheriff 
Harris  approached  Mr.  Weatherly  and  quietly  asked  for  the  records.  Weath- 
erly drew  Harris  aside  and  told  him  that  his  "hide  would  not  hold  straw"  if 
he  remained  there  much  longer.  Harris  took  the  hint  and  made  no  further 
demonstration.  This  left  the  ordering  of  the  battle  to  Capt.  Shurtz,  who  had 
grown  disgusted  at  the  delay  caused  by  Harris'  parleying.  The  Guards  were 
rested  just  out  of  the  village,  but  the  place  was  alive  with  independent  Marshall 
men.  Shurtz  finally  went  over  and  held  a  council  of  war,  and  then  moved  his 
men  into  the  public  square.  A  barricade  was  constructed  within  a  few  feet  of 
the  Court  House  and  the  cloud  of  battle  began  to  lower.  Harris  skipped  about 
with  wonderful  agility,  keeping  an  eye  on  possible  attacks  from  the  rear. 

Sheriff  Weatherly  held  his  ground  firmly,  and  all  about  him  could  be  heard 
the  "  click,  click  "  of  the  rifle  locks,  as  the  Marietta  men  cocked  their  guns. 

Had  a  reckless  boy  fired  a  stray  shot,  or  had  a  rifle  accidentally  gone  off, 
these  records  would  have  sad  stories  to  relate.  Fortune  favored  the  work, 
however,  and  preserved  the  lives  of  those  half-crazed  men. 

At  about  4  in  the  afternoon,  an  injunction  from  Judge  Thompson  of  the 
District  Court  was  received,  which  commanded  the  cessation  of  further  hostili- 
ties on  the  part  of  Marshall  men.  The  seal  of  the  Court  was  necessary  to 
complete  the  document,  and  Mr.  Williams,  the  Clerk,  was  quietly  aided  in 
climbing  through  a  rear  window  of  the  Court  House  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing the  required  certificate. 

Presently,  the  loud  voice  and  commanding  presence  of  Mr.  Boardman  stilled 
the  noise  of  the  swaying  crowd,  as  he  read  to  the  Marshall  men  the  writ  of 
injunction.  The  effect  of  this  document  upon  the  belligerents  was,  as  might 
have  been  expected,  stunning.     Many  were  disposed  to  fight  the  issue  to  the 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  387 

bitter  end,  while  others  were  secretly  glad  that  the  conflict  had  ended  thus 
without  bloodshed. 

The  Guards  were  withdrawn  from  the  defenses  and  the  stragglers  followed 
the  main  body  toward  Marshall.  On  the  way  home,  the  company  met  Judge 
Smith  and  Messrs.  Woodbury  and  Chapin.  A  call  was  made  on  the  Judge  for 
a  speech.  He  spoke  to  the  men  and  told  them  that  he  had  acted,  as  he  sup- 
posed, for  the  best.  He  rejoiced  at  the  peaceful  termination  of  the  outbreak. 
He  said  that  he  had  recanvassed  in  good  faith  and  would  adhere  to  his  decision. 
This  speech  was  made  use  of  by  Marshall  men  afterward ;  but  the  Judge  now 
admits  that  it  was  made  on  compulsion,  like  the  rest  of  the  proceedings. 

The  Guards  were  received  in  Marshall  with  less  honors  than  usually  fall  to 
the  lot  of  returning  warriors.  All  day  long,  the  women  had  rushed  from  house 
to  house,  in  an  agonized  spirit,  trying  to  draw  consolation  from  one  another's 
glimmer  of  hope;  but  when  the  wild  rumors  of  death  and  destruction  were  dis- 
proved by  the  return  of  the  liege  lords  in  sound  mind  and  body,  laughter  and 
derision  took  the  place  of  despondency  and  tears. 

Although  many  minor  feuds  grew  out  of  the  Marietta  "  battle,  "  no  blood 
was  ever  spilled  because  of  it.  No  further  movement  was  made  to  coerce  the 
defenders  of  the  county  property,  except  through  the  courts.  Legal  prowess 
shone  out  more  gallantly  than  did  the  military  bravery  of  the  men. 

As  the  Marshall  troops  scrambled  into  the  wagons  and  rode  from  the  scene, 
threats  of  a  return  on  the  morrow  were  loudly  made.  The  Marietta  men  con- 
cluded to  be  prepared  for  an  attack  and  spread  the  news  far  and  wide.  Probably 
a  hundred  more  were  assembled  on  the  second  day  than  were  present  on  the 
first,  and  every  man  was  ready  to  fight.  Had  the  Marshall  men  really  presented 
themselves,  there  would  have  been  many  persons  killed,  for  numerous  Kentuck- 
ians  and  Arkansas  men  were  on  the  ground,  armed  with  rifles  and  anxious  to 
use  them.  They  even  proposed  to  go  to  Marshall  and  force  a  battle.  But 
wiser  counsels  prevailed.  No  hostile  bands  came  in  collision  and  peace  reigned 
in  Marietta.  Judge  Smith  was  invited  to  tell  his  version  of  the  recanvass,  and 
did  so  publicly  at  Marietta,  a  day  or  two  after  the  "battle."  The  Marietta 
men  then  voted  to  burn  Marshall  that  night,  but  were  dissuaded  from  their 
purpose.  A  few  days  later,  Mr.  Smith  repeated  his  speech  at  Albion.  He  was 
there  met  by  a  large  delegation  from  Marshall,  and  an  open  conflict  was  nar- 
rowly escaped. 

Several  days  after  the  "Marietta  battle,"  Mr.  Dishon  returned  from  Des 
Moines,  armed  with  legal  opinions  concerning  the  question  of  issuing  county 
bonds  for  the  erection  of  a  Court  House  at  Marietta,  a  subject  alluded  to  in 
the  preceding  pages,  in  proper  chronological  order. 

Smith  still  professed  an  aversion  to  the  adoption  of  the  plan,  but  was  dis- 
suaded from  his  position  by  Dishon  and  others,  who  represented  that  thev  had 
consulted  with  the  leading  men  of  Timber  Creek  and  neighboring  townships, 
which  were  supposed  to  favor  Marshall,  and  had  been  assured  that  the  senti- 
ment of  the  voters  was  all  in  accord  with  the  scheme.  The  long  trouble  would 
thus  be  ended. 

Smith  argued  that  the  adoption  of  such  a  course  would  ultimately  result  in 
litigation  and  rebound  upon  Marietta.  The  Judge  asked  Dishon  what  he  would 
do  in  case  the  county  seat  was  removed  after  the  bonds  were  issued.  Dishon 
pledged  him  that  the  county  should  never  lose  one  dollar  by  the  issue.  If  the 
contest  ended  adversely  to  Marietta,  he  would  care  for  the  bonds  at  maturity. 
He  also  promised  that  Smith  should  not  suffer  from  the  acceptance  of  the 
proposition. 


388  HISTOIU   OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.     • 

At  last,  persuaded  by  the  arguments  of  his  friends  and  controlled  by  the 
opinions  of  the  Des  Moines  lawyers,  Smith  made  the  serious  mistake  of  issuing 
$26,000  in  county  bonds. 

The  bonds  were  to  run  four  years,  at  10  per  cent,  interest  The  total  value 
in  principal  and  interest  amounted  to  $33,000.  Dishon  accepted  the  paper,  and 
wrote  a  contract  with  thf  county,  agreeing  to  erect  a  specified  Court  House  at 
Marietta,  within  twenty  months  from  January  14,  1859,  the  date  of  the  con- 
tract. The  county  was  secured  by  a  bond  of  $80,000,  with  the  names  of  J.  G. 
Crookham,  Thomas  J.  Wimberly,  John  Turner,  Stacey  Nichols,  William  M.  de- 
mons, John  R.  Mercer,  Caleb  Tompkins,  H.  E.  J.  Boardman,  Thomas  J.  Wil- 
son, James  L.  Williams,  Thomas  Mercer,  George  Patton,  Samuel  Bowman,  F. 
Baum,  John  Bobbins,  0.  Shively,  J.  W.  Leaming  and  George  Whealan,  ns 
sureties. 

Mr.  Dishon  at  once  negotiated  the  bonds  at  the  East,  placing  his  name  as 
indorser  thereon,  and  receiving  in  exchange  mercantile  goods,  he  being  in  that 
business  in  Marietta  then.  Thus  the  bonds  passed  into  innocent  hands,  and 
the  county  became  responsible. 

The  question  of  the  payment  of  these  bonds  became  an  active  one  in  poli- 
tics. Meetings  were  held  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  and  violent  opposi- 
tion was  manifested.  The  Times  openly  advocated  repudiation.  The  matter 
was  beyond  redress,  however,  except  by  compromise. 

The  contract  made  by  Mr.  Dishon  was  not  carried  out  and  no  building  was 
erected.  Bond-holders  made  strenuous  efforts  to  influence  the  county  to  pay 
the  face,  but  such  efforts  were  unsuccessful. 

Pending  the  settlement  of  this  case,  the  State  laM  creating  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  to  succeed  the  County  Judge  system  went  into  force,  and  bribes 
were  tendered  Supervisors  to  pass  a  bill  declaring  the  county  fully  responsible. 
The  total  cost  of  compromise  was  $10,973.66,  to  the  tax-payers  of  the  county. 

It  need  not  be  here  recorded  what  the  personal  feeling  engendered  between 
the  ex-Judge  and  the  people  was,  for  the  measures  and  methods  of  procedure 
are  unessential,  so  long  as  facts  which  affected  the  material  interests  of  the  peo- 
ple are  preserved.  Such  an  action  as  the  ex-Judge  was  responsible  for  neces- 
sarily produced  lively  newspaper  and  personal  comment. 

The  case  was  taken  to  the  District  Court  and  thence  to  the  Supreme  Court, 
where,  on  Thursday,  November  3,  1859,  the  following  statement  of  case  and 
opinion  were  rendered.  The  case  is  so  clearly  summed  up  that  we  copy  in  full 
from  the  IX  Iowa  Reports : 

Rice  vs.  Smith,  County  Judge,  and  Dishon. 

Appeal  from  Marshall  District  Court.     Thursday,  November  3,  1859. 

The  petition  was  for  an  injunction  to  stay  the  building  of  a  Court  House 
in  accordance  with  the  contract  made,  and  the  issuance  of  county  bonds  there- 
for. 

The  petitioners,  Wells  S.  Rice,  G.  W.  Woodbury,  Reuben  H.  Webster. 
Henry  Anson  and  H.  C.  Henderson,  represent  that  they  are  citizens,  voters 
and  tax-payers  of  the  county  of  Marshall,  and  resident  in  and  property  holders 
in  the  town  of  Marshall  in  said  county,  and  largely  interested  in  the  matters 
set  forth  in  the  bill. 

They  represent  that,  in  accordance  with  a  petition  presented  to  the  County 
Judge  in  June,  1857,  praying  therefor,  he  ordered  an  election  to  be  holden  in 
April,  1858,  upon  the  question  of  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat  at  the  town 
of  Marshall.  That  a  vote  was  taken  in  pursuance  of  the  law,  and  that  the 
vote  and  election  resulted  in  favor  of  Marshall.     That  the  County  Judge  took 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  389 

to  liis  assistance  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  who,  with  himself,  were  in  favor  of 
the  town  of  Marshall,  to  canvass  the  vote,  and  they,  for  certain  informalities, 
rejecting  the  returns  from  the  townships  of  Marion,  Le  Grand  and  Green  Castle, 
declared  the  result  to  be  in  favor  of  the  town  of  Marietta.  That  at  the  April  term 
of  the  District  Court,  A.  D.  1858,  an  information  was  filed  praying  that  a  writ  of 
mandamus  might  be  issued,  commanding  the  said  Judge  to  take  to  his  assist- 
ance two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  to  recanvass  the  votes  of  the  said  election, 
and  in  such  canvass  to  count  the  returns  from  the  three  townships  which  had 
been  rejected,  and  to  declare  the  result  accordingly  ;  and  that  such  proceedings 
were  had  in  the  cause  that  the  said  Court  ordered  that  a  peremptory  writ  of 
mandamus  issue,  commanding  as  above  stated.  That  the  defendant  appealed 
from  that  judgment  to  the  Supreme  Court,  but  the  same  was  affirmed  at  the 
December  term,  A.  D.  1858,  and  a  writ  of  procedendo  was  issued,  and,  in 
accordance  therewith,  a  peremptory  writ  of  mandamus. 

The  petitioners  further  represent,  that  afterward,  on  the  6th  of  January,  A. 
D.,  1859,  the  County  Judge,  pretending  to  act  under  the  said  peremptory  writ, 
called  to  his  assistance  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  pretended  to  canvass  the 
returns  of  the  said  April  election,  but,  instead  of  obeying  the  said  writ,  they 
again  rejected  the  returns  of  the  said  townships  of  Marion,  Le  Grand  and  Green 
Castle,  and  again  declared  the  result  in  favor  of  the  town  of  Marietta.  And  the 
petitioners  aver  that  at  the  time  of  the  said  pretended  canvass,  the  peremptory 
writ  had  not  been  legally  served  upon  the  County  Judge,  but  a  service  by  read- 
ing and  copy  had  been  acknowledged  by  him  on  the  peremptory  writ;  and  they 
bay  that  on  the  10th  diiy  of  January,  1859,  a  legal  service  was  made  by  the 
Sheriff,  leaving  the  writ  Avith  the  Judge,  and  indorsing  a  return  upon  a  copy 
thereof. 

The  complainants  further  state,  that  on  the  11th  day  of  January,  1859,  the 
Judge  took  to  his  assistance  two  other  Justices  of  the  Peace,  thus  forming  a 
Board  of  Canvassers,  and  in  obedience  to  the  writ,  they  canvassed  the  votes  of 
the  said  election  of  April,  1858,  and,  in  accordance  with  the  result  therefor, 
declared  that  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  were  in  favor  of  the  town  of  Marshall ; 
and  that  this  result  was  duly  entered  in  the  proper  election  book,  with  a  decla- 
ration that  the  town  of  Marshall  is  the  county  seat  of  said  county. 

The  complainants  further  represent,  that,  notwithstanding  the  above  proceed- 
ings, the  County  Judge,  on  the  14th  of  January,  A.  D.  1859,  entered  into  a  private 
contract  with  William  Dishon,  a  citizen  of  Marietta,  for  the  erection  of  a  Court 
House  at  Marietta,  at  a  cost  to  the  county  of  $26,000  as  principal,  and  at  least 
$7,000  as  interest  to  accrue  according  to  the  terms  of  the  contract,  which  build- 
ing was  to  be  completed  within  twenty  months  from  the  date  thereof;  and  that 
according  to  the  statement  of  the  contract,  the  Judge  had  issued,  in  advance, 
twenty-six  bonds  of  the  county,  for  the  sum  of  $1,000  each,  which  fall  due  in 
different  sums  (stated  in  the  bill)  in  January  of  the  years  1860,  1861,  1862  and 
1863,  with  the  accruing  interest  at  10  per  cent;  and  that  this  will  be  a  needless 
and  unlawful  expenditure,  and  will  lead  to  oppression  and  useless  taxation,  for 
that  the  county  has  already  a  good  title  to  a  lot  and  building  in  the  town  of 
Marshall,  affording  ample  accommodation  to  the  courts,  juries  and  officers  of 
the  county,  Avhich  building  was  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  citizens  of  the 
last-named  town. 

And  the  complainants  aver  that  the  above  contract  was  made  by  the  said 
County  Judge,  with  said  Dishon,  with  full  knowledge  on  the  part  of  both  and 
of  all  concerned  therein,  of  all  the  matters  above  set  forth ;  and  that  they  be- 
lieve, and  have  good  reason  to  believe,  that  the   contract  was  made  and  the 


390  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

bonds  issued  by  collusion  and  fraud  between  said  Judge  and  Dishon,  with  intent 
to  cheat  and  defraud  the  county,  and  prevent  the  removal  of  the  county  seat. 

They  therefore  pray  a  writ  of  injunction  against  the  said  County  Judge  and 
said  Dishon,  restraining  them,  and  all  persons  in  their  employment,  from  pro- 
ceeding to  execute  the  said  contract;  and  enjoining  said  Judge  not  to  issue  or 
deliver  said  bonds,  nor  any  part  of  them  ;  and  restraining  said  Dishon  from  sell- 
ing, transferring  or  otherwise  disposing  of  them  or  any  of  them ;  and  from 
erecting  said  Court  House  in  the  town  of  Marietta,  or  providing  any  materials 
therefor,  until  otherwise  legally  ordered. 

An  injunction  was  allowed  upon  the  foregoing  bill,  by  the  Judge,  in  vaca- 
tion ;  and  at  a  succeeding  term  of  the  District  Court,  in  April,  1858,  a  motion 
was  filed  to  dissolve  the  same,  which  was  overruled.  At  the  same  term,  there 
was  a  demurrer  to  the  petition,  and  this  was  not  sustained.  The  defendants 
then  filed  an  answer,  and  after  that,  a  second  motion  to  dissolve  the  injunction, 
which  also  was  overruled. 

The  answer  commences  in  the  name  of  both  the  defendants,  and  admits  the 
statements  of  the  bill  as  to  the  petition  for  a  vote  on  the  question  mentioned, 
and  the  order  therefor ;  but  they  deny  that  the  petition  was  presented  in  pur- 
suance of  the  statute,  and  deny  that  notice  thereof  was  given,  as  required,  and 
aver  that  the  Judge  had  no  authority  to  make  the  order.  They  deny  that  legal 
notice  was  given  in  the  townships  ;  that  the  town  of  Marshall  received  the  num- 
ber of  votes  alleged,  and  Marietta  only  the  number  alleged  by  petitioners ;  they 
deny  that  the  informalities  in  the  returns  from  Le  Grand,  Marion  and  Green 
Castle  consisted  merely  of  the  omission  of  the  jurat  of  the  election  oflScers, 
but  say  that  there  were  other  essential  defects  in  said  returns,  and  among  them, 
that  said  returns  did  not  show  that  the  officers  had  any  color  of  title  to  the 
offices  of  Judges  or  Clerks  of  Elections  ;  that  they  did  not  show  that  they 
were  returns  of  any  election  in  Marshall  County,  nor  that  the  persons  signing 
them  signed  as  Judges  or  Clerks  of  Election,  and  that  they  were  not  certified 
as  true,  and  were  not  attested  by  the  Clerks. 

The  respondents  further  admit  the  alleged  proceeding  of  the  District  and 
Supreme  Courts,  and  the  issuance  of  a  peremptory  writ ;  but  aver  that  on  the 
6th  of  Januarv,  A.  D.  1859,  the  said  Judge,  callino;  two  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
proceeded  to  canvass  the  said  returns,  in  obedience  to  the  writ,  and  that  the 
Canvassers  did  not  reject  any  returns,  but  they  did  adjudge  that  there  were  no 
returns  from  the  townships  of  Marion,  Le  Grand  and  Green  Castle,  and  did 
declare  the  result  in  favor  of  Marietta.  They  deny  the  allegation  in  relation 
to  an  illegal  service  of  the  writ  on  the  Judge,  and  aver  that  there  was  legal  serv- 
ice on  the  (3th  of  January,  by  his  written  admission  thereof.  They  deny  the  aver- 
ments concerning  a  second  service,  and  deny  that,  on  the  11th  January,  1859, 
he  called  the  two  Justices  to  his  assistance,  and  with  them  canvassed  the  returns 
of  the  said  April  election  upon  the  county  seat  question ;  and  they  deny  that 
in  consequence  of  the  said  pretended  canvass,  the  town  of  Marshall  is  the 
county  seat,  but  aver  that  Marietta  is  the  county  seat,  both  in  law  and  in 
fact. 

And  the  respondents  aver  that  the  pretended  canvass  of  the  11th  January 
was  without  authority  of  law,  and  void ;  for,  at  the  time  of  making  the  same, 
the  said  Judge  was  not  at  the  county  seat  of  the  county,  but  at  the  house  of 
one  Babcock,  six  miles  distant  therefrom,  and  was  under  duress  by  the  petition- 
ers in  this  bill,  and  other  persons  ;  that  the  ])laintiffs,  confederating  with  others, 
caused  him  to  be  arrested  on  a  pretended  criminal  charge,  and  having  acquired 
possession   of   his  person,  dismissed   the   said  charge,  and   then   by  means  of 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  391 

threats  of  personal  violence  and  against  the  life  of  defendant,  compelled  him 
to  make  a  pretended  canvass,  which  is  the  same  mentioned  as  of  the  11th  of 
January,  A.  D.  1859 ;  that  he,  the  County  Judge,  did  not  call  to  his  assistance 
the  two  Justices,  but  they  were  among  those  concerned  in  his  imprisonment  and 
duress,  and  what  they  did  was  done  without  being  called  thereto  by  him,  the 
Judge  aforesaid. 

The  respondents  further  admit  that  the  Judge  made  a  contract  with  Dishon, 
and  issued  the  bonds  as  alleged ;  but  deny  that  he  did  the  same  unlawfully  or 
improperly  in  manner,  as  alleged  ;  and  they  say  that  the  said  bonds  were  issued 
long  before  the  commencement  of  this  suit ;  and  they  deny  that  the  money  will 
be  needlessly  or  unlawfully  expended,  and  that  it  will  lead  to  oppressive  taxa- 
tion ;  they  deny  collusion  and  fraud,  and  that  the  facts  are  as  averred  in  the 
bill ;  but  admit  notice  of  them,  as  stated  in  the  answer  ;  and  they  deny  that 
the  contract  was  made  or  the  bonds  issued  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  re- 
moval of  the  county  seat. 

The  answer  is  sworn  to  by  Dishon,  and  is  not  signed  or  sworn  to  by  Smith, 
the  County  Judge. 

Upon  the  filing  of  the  answer,  the  defendants  again  moved  that  the  injunc- 
tion be  dissolved,  but  the  motion  was  overruled.  The  defendants  appeal,  and 
assign  as  error  the  overruling  the  demurrer  and  the  motion  to  dissolve  the  in- 
junction. Henderson  &  Clarke,  for  the  Appellant. 

Cole  &  Jewett,  for  the  Appellees. 

OPINION    BY    JUDGE    WOODWARD. 

It  will  not  be  necessary  to  consider  whether  the  court  should  have  dissolved 
the  injunction  upon  the  motion  based  upon  the  bill  alone  ;  for  if  the  demurrer 
should  have  been  sustained,  or  the  second  motion  to  dissolve  based  on  the  bill 
and  answer,  this  will  be  sufficient. 

We  do  not  think  the  court  erred  in  refusing  to  sustain  the  demurrer.  Ob- 
jection is  made  to  the  competency  of  the  complainants  to  present  this  bill.  In 
The  State  ex  rel.  Byers  v.  Bailey,  7  Iowa  396,  and  The  State  ex  rel.  Rice  v. 
Smith,  County  Judge  of  Marshall  County,  lb.  186,  we  held  that  complainants 
who  are,  and  are  averred  to  be,  citizens,  voters  and  property  holders  and  tax 
payers,  had  such  an  interest,  and  held  such  relations  that  they  might  file  an  in- 
formation for  a  writ  of  mandamus  to  the  County  Judge  to  enforce  a  public  duty 
in  which  they  and  other  citizens  had  an  interest ;  and  the  same  reason  holds 
good  for  their  being  permitted  to  pray  an  injunction  to  prevent  the  doing  some 
act  detrimental  to  their  interest,  and  those  of  other  citizens  of  the  county.  No 
reason  is  perceived  why  they  should  not  be  permitted  to  sustain  such  a  bill, 
either  for  themselves  or  for  them  and  all  others  in  like  manner  interested.  These 
petitioners  represent  themselves  as  citizens,  voters,  property  holders  and  tax 
payers  in  the  county,  and  in  one  of  the  towns  affected  by  these  proceedings,  so 
that,  as  citizens  of  the  county,  they  are  interested  in  the  question  of  expending 
$26,000  and  more,  in  building  a  Court  House,  and  in  the  place  where  it  shall 
be  built,  as  citizens  and  property  holders  in  one  of  these  towns. 

Besides  this,  there  is  no  officer  upon  whom  it  devolves  to  enforce  the  perform- 
ance of  a  duty  upon  the  County  Judge,  or  to  restrain  him  if  he  is  about  to  do 
an  act  at  the  same  timg  illegal  and  detrimental  to  the  rights  and  interests  of  the 
public  and  of  individuals. 

If  he  should  undertake  to  build  a  Court  House  at  a  place  which  is  not  the 
county  seat,  there  is  no  officer  whose  duty  it  is  to  cause  him  to  be  restrained, 
whilst  the  right  to  do  it  would  seem  to  belong  to  many- 


392  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  petition  is  addressed  to  the  Hon.  J.  P.,  Judge  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial 
District  of  the  State,  and  was  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court  in  Marshall  County.  This  is  sufficient  in  form  as  a  bill  in  equity  in  that 
court. 

The  authority  of  the  County  Judge  to  provide  the  public  buildings  is  not 
questioned  in  the  bill,  but  liis  authority  to  place  a  Court  House  in  a  town  which 
is  alleged  not  to  be  the  county  seat.     This  is  the  gist  of  the  bill. 

We  think  the  complainants  show  enough  to  sustain  their  bill  for  an  injunc- 
tion. For  this  we  need  not  determine,  at  present,  which  of  the  two  canvassers 
of  the  returns  of  the  April  election  is  authoritative. 

It  is  sufficient  that  the  bill  shows  that  the  location  of  the  county  seat  is  in 
controversy,  and  the  proceedings  in  reference  to  it,  and  the  state  of  the  ques- 
tion, are  set  forth  so  far  as  to  show  that  it  is  manifestly  improper  for  the  Judge, 
in  the  present  position  of  the  matter,  to  expend  more  than  $30,000  in  the  erec- 
tion of  a  public  building  which  must  be  the  county  seat ;  and  especially  when 
it  appears  to  the  court,  that  when  its  mandate  shall  be  obeyed,  Marshall  will  be 
the  county  seat. 

The  grounds  for  the  motion  to  dissolve  the  injunction,  both  on  the  bill  alone 
and  after  filing  the  answer,  are  in  part  the  same  as  are  assigned  as  causes  of  de- 
murrer, but  in  part  they  are  different ;  one  of  these  is  the  alleged  insufficiency 
of  the  injunction  bond,  in  that  it  is  given  to  the  county  alone.  This  would,  with 
more  propriety,  have  run  to  both  the  county  and  Dishon  ;  but  we  are  of  the 
opinion  that  he  would  have  a  right  to  sue  upon  it  under  Section  1603  of  the 
Code,  and  therefore  this  objection  would  not  sustain  the  motion.  It  is  true 
that  the  County  Judge  has  discretionary  authority  as  to  the  erection  of 
public  buildings  ;  but  this  discretion  may  be  restrained  if  it  is  abused,  as 
if  the  Judge  is  about  to  erect  a  Court  House  at  a  place  which  is  not  the  county 
seat. 

And  though  the  fraud  may  not  be  sufficiently  charged,  or  a  disobedience  to 
the  peremptory  writ  may  be  remedied  under  the  mandamus  itself,  still  the  facta 
shown  in  this  case  warrant  the  injunction. 

The  general  and  particular  denial  of  the  allegations  of  the  bill  in  the  an- 
swer, would,  upon  ordinary  grounds,  call  for  the  dissolution  of  the  injunction, 
were  it  not  that  the  fact  remains,  after  all  the  denial,  that  the  County  Judge  i& 
about  to  expend  over  |30,000  upon  a  public  building  located  at  Marietta,  whilst 
a  controversy  is  pending  as  to  the  county  seat,  whether  it  shall  be,  or  has  been, 
removed  to  Marshall.  This  is  the  burden  of  the  case,  and  as  the  granting  or 
the  continuance  of  the  injunction  is  ultimately  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  the 
important  fact  referred  to  must  prevent  the  application  of  some  of  the  ordinary 
rules  of  law  ;  and  it  is  further  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  Smith  does  not  answer, 
whilst  the  more  material  facts  relate  to  him  or  his  office,  and  lie  more  particu- 
larly within  his  knowledge. 

In  a  cause  relating  to  this  controversy,  which  was  before  this  court  at  the 
December  terra,  A.  D.  18  ")8,  this  court  held  that  the  question  of  the  validity  of 
the  returns  from  the  three  townships  was  not  involved,  but  the  only  question  was 
whether  the  canvassers  should  count  them.  And  it  was  held  that  they  must 
count  them,  that  they  could  not  judge  of  tlieir  validity  beyond  the  question 
whether  they  were  returns,  and  that  their  validity  must  be  tried  by  another  pro- 
ceeding, which  might  be  a  mandamus  or  a  quo  warranto  or  an  injunction.  And 
now  this  case  is  probably  brouglit  to  try  that  ultimate  question,  whether  the  re- 
turns from  the  three  townships  are  such  as  should  be  received  and  counted.  In 
the  answer  it  is  alleged  that  the  election  was  not  legally  called  and  conducted, 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  393 

for  various  reasons  given,  and  several  reasons  are  assigned  why  the  tmers  men- 
tioned are  not  sufficient  and  legal.  Whatever  else  may  be  alleged  and  mav  ap- 
pear, it  appears  that  the  controversy  is  pending,  and  the  work  of  building  is  not 
done. 

It  was  not  in  the  power  of  the  Canvassers,  after  the  issuance  of  the  peremp- 
tory writ,  to  declare  the  supposed  returns  from  the  three  townships  to  be  no  re- 
turns. On  this  point  we  refer  to  the  case  of  The  State  ex  rel.  Rice  vs.  W.  C. 
Smith,  County  Judge,  upon  the  mandamus,  ante. 

The  complainants  insist  that  there  was  a  second  and  legal  canvass,  by  which 
Marshall  was  declared  to  be  the  county  seat.  The  County  Judge  acknowledged 
a  legal  service  on  the  6th  of  January,  and  acted  upon  it,  and  this  was  sufficient. 
It  would  not  be  in  his  power,  after  this,  to  object  the  want  of  a  legal  service  by 
reason  of  a  copy  being  served  upon  him  instead  of  the  original  writ.  The  sec- 
ond service,'of  the  11th  January,  was  superfluous  ;  and  another  reason  wiiy  this 
should  not  be  regarded  as  conclusive  is,  that  the  Judge  does  not  recognize  it. 
He  admits  service  on  the  6th  January,  and  avers  that  he  canvassed  under  it,  and 
insists  that  the  supposed  canvass  of  the  11th  was  not  his.  But  whatever  may 
be  said  of  the  other  parts  of  this  proceeding,  his  answer  and  averment  that  the 
Justices  acting  in  this  canvass  of  the  11th  were  not  called  by  him,  will  prevent 
it  being  taken  as  conclusive,  at  least  for  the  present. 

We  have  before  remarked  that  in  another  cause  now  before  this  Court,  it  is 
held  that  the  Canvassers  under  the  peremptory  writ  could  not  declare  the  returns 
from  the  three  townships  to  be  no  returns.,  and  while  under  that  case  they  must 
make  a  canvass,  counting  those  returns,  this  cause  must  proceed  to  the  trial  of 
the  question  pertaining  to  the  sufficiency  and  validity  of  those  returns.  The 
former  cause  in  this  court  determined  only  that  the  Canvassers  must  count  them. 

That  decision  was  not  upon  the  ground  that  they  were  sufficient,  but  ex- 
pressly upon  the  ground  that  the  Canvassers  had  no  authority  to  decide  thus. 
And,  as  the  case  was  presented,  this  Court  could  not  then  determine  that  ques- 
tion, but  it  was  left  for  another  proceeding,  if  the  parties  choose  to  try  it.  And 
such  a  further  proceeding  is  the  present  cause  in  which  every  question  relat- 
ing to  the  sufficiency  of  those  returns  and  to  the  legality  of  the  election,  which 
is  stated  or  involved  in  the  answer,  may  be  tried.  Until  the  conclusion  of  this 
cause,  which  is  the  one  actually  determining  which  place  is  the  county  seat,  the 
injunction  must  continue.  The  judgment  of  the  District  Court  is  affirmed,  and 
a  writ  of  procedendo  will  issue,  and  the  cause  be  conducted  to  trial  in  accord- 
ance with  this  opinion. 

The  contract  entered  into  by  Dishon  was  never  fulfilled.  The  county 
obtained  a  perpetual  injunction  restraining  the  erection  of  a  Court  House  at 
Marietta  under  its  provisions.  No  suit  was  ever  brought  against  Dishon's 
bondsmen. 

Mr.  Dishon  died  of  consumption  some  time  later,  and  there  the  matter 
rested. 

It  is  stated  that  Mr.  Dishon  proposed  to  Judge  Battin  to  erect  a  Court 
House  on  the  original  contract  at  Marshall,  and  thus  relieve  himself  of  the 
burden  of  the  bonds  which  he  had  indorsed.  The  offer  was  refused, 
although  made  in  a  tempting  manner  to  the  Judge.  The  anxiety  produced 
by  this  self-imposed  load  is  thought  by  some  to  have  hastened  Mr.  Dishon's 
death. 

The  issue  of  the  legality  of  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  came  up  in  the 
Supreme  Court  at  the  December  Term,  1859.  This  was  the  last  appeal  made 
to  that  tribunal. 


394  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 

From  the  X  Iowa  Reports  we  made  the  following  extract,  being  the  state- 
ment of  case  and  opinion  : 

DiSHON  V.  Smith,  County  Judge. 

Appeal  f 7-0771  Marshall  District  Court  7'endered  Thursday,  December  22,  1859: 

This  was  a  petition  for  an  injunction  to  restrain  the  County  Judge  of  Mar- 
shall County  in  reference  to  certain  proceedings  subsequent  to  a  vote  upon  a 
proposition  to  remove  the  county  seat. 

The  petition  refers  to  the  election  held  in  April,  1858,  upon  the  question 
before  named,  and  avers  that  the  election  was  unauthorized,  and  was  void  upon 
other  grounds.  After  stating  some  grounds  for  the  charge  that  the  election  was 
void,  which  are  set  out  in  the  opinion  of  the  Court,  the  complainant  charges 
that  the  citizens  of  the  town  of  Marshall,  to  which  it  was  proposed  to  remove 
the  county  seat  from  Marietta,  procured  votes  to  be  cast  in  favor  of  Marshall 
by  bribery,  and  by  purchase  and  sale,  and  that  the  number  of  votes  thus  pro- 
cured to  be  cast  was  more  than  sufficient  to  change  the  result. 

The  first  specification  under  the  charge  of  bribery,  is  that  the  citizens  of  the 
town  of  Marshall  subscribed,  agreed  and  bound  themselves  to  pay  the  citizens 
of  Marion  Township,  in  said  county,  the  sum  of  $500,  to  be  applied 
in  building  bridges  across  the  Iowa  River,  between  the  town  of  Marshall  and 
the  township  of  Marion  aforesaid ;  which  was  upon  the  express  condition  that 
the  citizens  of  Marion  Township  would  vote  for  the  relocation  of  the  county 
seat  at  Marshall.  And  the  petition  charges  that  twenty-five  votes  were 
obtained  in  said  Marion  Township  for  the  location  of  the  county  seat  at  Mar- 
shall by  reason  of  such  agreement  and  obligation,  which  would  otherwise  have 
been  cast  for  Marietta. 

The  second  specification  is  the  following  :  That  the  citizens  of  the  town  of 
Marshall,  with  the  intent,  improperly  and  illegally,  to  induce  the  citizens  of  the 
county  to  vote  for  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat  at  Marshall,  did  make  a 
conveyance  of  certain  real  estate  and  appurtenances  in  the  town  of  Marshall,  to 
the  citizens  of  said  county,  upon  the  condition  expressed  in  said  conveyance, 
that  the  people  of  said  county  would  vote  for  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat 
at  Marshall.  And  the  complainant  avers  that  by  reason  of  said  conveyance 
a  large  number  ol  votes,  to  wit,  fifty-six  votes,  were  obtained  for  Marshall  which 
would  otherwise  have  been  cast  for  Marietta. 

The  third  specification  is  as  follows :  That  one  Wells  S.  Rice,  a  citizen  of 
Marshall,  and  a  prominent  actor  in  the  said  question  of  relocation,  with  the 
corrupt  intent  thereby  to  improperly  and  fraudulently  procure  votes  for  Marshall, 
gave  his  promissory  note  to  the  Marshall  County  High  School  Company  for 
the  sum  of  $^3  000,  which  note  was  indorsed  by  G.  M.  Woodbury  and  others, 
citizens  of  the  town  of  Marshall,  and  was  so  signed  and  indorsed  upon  the  con- 
dition and  corrupt  agreements,  that  in  consideration  thereof  the  citizens  of 
Iowa  Township  would  vote  for  Marshall  as  the  county  seat.  And  it  is  charged 
that,  by  reason  of  the  bribe,  votes  to  the  number  of  seventy  were  procured  to 
be  cast  for  Marshall  by  the  voters  of  said  Iowa  Township,  which,  but  for  said 
bribe,  would  have  been  cast  for  Marietta.  And  it  is  further  alleged  that  one 
Sylvanus  Rice,  also  a  citizen  of  Marshall,  gave  his  note  to  the  same  parties  for 
$1,000  with  the  same  corrupt  intent,  agreement  and  result. 

By  an  amendment  to  the  petition,  the  complainants  represent  that  after  the 
election,  the  Canvassers  canvassed  the  returns  and  declared  that  Marietta  had 
received  a  majority  of  the  votes,  and  thereupon  one  Wells  S.  Rice  sued  out 
from  the  District   Court  a  writ  of  mandamus,  requiring  the  County  Judge  to 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.      .  395 

recanvass  the  said  votes,  and  to  count  certain  votes  which  were  before  rejected 
by  the  Canvassers  on  account  of  certain  informalities  in  the  returns  thereof,  or 
show  cause  why  he  should  not  do  so ;  and  that  such  proceedings  were  had 
therein,  that  the  District  Court  awarded  a  peremptory  writ  commandintr  the 
same,  from  which  order  the  said  County  Judge  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  such  proceedings  were  had  thereon  ;  that  at  the  December  term,  1858,  the 
last-named  court  affirmed  the  decision  of  the  District  Court  awarding  the  per- 
emptory writ.  That  such  peremptory  writ  was  issued  and  served  on  the  said 
defendant,  he  confessing  service  thereof  by  Avriting.  and  in  obedience  to  the 
mandate  thereof,  he  did  (with  two  Justices  of  the  Peace)  proceed  to  recanvass 
the  said  returns,  and  did  duly  and  legally  canvass  them,  and  did  declare  as  the 
result  thereof  that  Marietta  had  received  a  majority  of  the  votes,  and  he  made 
a  legal  entry  thereof  and  declared  Marietta  the  county  seat  of  said  county. 

In  the  original  petition,  the  complainants  prayed  an  injunction  restraining 
said  Smith  and  his  successors  in  office  from  proceeding  further  in  the  canvass 
of  said  votes  than  simply  to  examine  the  returns  and  make  abstracts,  stating  the 
number  of  votes  cast  for  each  of  the  said  towns,  and  such  other  acts  as  by  law 
they  are  required  to  perform ;  that  he  be  specifically  enjoined  from  declaring 
Marshall  to  be  the  county  seat,  and  he  and  all  others  under  his  authority  from 
removing  the  records,  documents  or  offices  of  the  county  thereto  until  the  fur- 
ther order  of  the  Court.  And  they  pray  that  the  Court  adjudge  the  said  pre- 
tended election  to  be  null  and  void ;  that  the  returns  from  the  townships  of  Le 
Grand,  Marion  and  Green  Castle  may  be  declared  insufficient  and  void  ;  and 
for  such  other  orders  and  relief,  etc. 

An  injunction  was  allowed  in  vacation,  and  at  the  April  term,  A.  D.  1859, 
the  respondents  filed  a  motion  to  dissolve  it,  which  was  granted,  and  the  com- 
plainants appeal.  For  the  purposes  of  the  hearing  of  this  Court,  the  motion  is 
to  be  regarded  as  a  demurrer.  All  other  points  which  are  essential  are  notices 
in  the  opinion  of  the  Court. 

E.  W.  Eastman,  M.  M.  Crocker  and  C.  C.  Cole,  for  the  appellants  ;  H.  C 
Henderson  and  W.  Penn  Clark,  for  the  appellee. 

OPINION    BY    JUSTICE    WOODWARD. 

In  the  outset,  we  are  met  by  that  cause  assigned  which  objects  that  the 
injunction  commands  the  County  Judge  not  to  do  that  which  by  writ  of  man- 
damus he  is  commanded  to  do.  At  the  first  sight,  this  appears  plausible ;  but 
on  a  close  view  it  is  ascertained  not  to  be  sound.  The  two  commands  do  not 
conflict.  The  mandamus  only  orders  the  doing  of  a  certain  act,  and  does  not 
follow  into  its  consequences.  The  injunction  seeks  to  stay  those  consequences. 
The  mandamus  directs  the  County  Judge  to  canvass  the  votes,  counting  in  cer- 
tain returns,  and  to  ascertain  the  result,  but  it  does  not  order  him  to  remove 
the  public  offices  ;  whilst  the  injunction  directs  him  not  to  remove  these.  We 
need  not  determine  how  far,  to  what  act,  the  true  mandate  of  the  writ  would 
go.  It  would  not,  in  the  first  instance,  command  him  to  carry  out  to  the  full 
extent  the  consequence  of  the  election,  that  is,  to  remove  the  county  seat ;  but 
at  whatever  point  the  mandamus  would  cease  to  direct,  at  that  point  the  injunc- 
tion would  commence  its  inhibition. 

This  reasoning  is  of  necessity.  Hitherto,  the  two  points  held  have  been 
that  the  Canvassers  could  not  judge  of  the  sufficiency  of  the  returns,  and  that 
they  must  count  them.  In  this  positson  of  things,  Marshall  appears  to  be  the 
county  seat.  Now,  suppose  the  returns  from  three  townships  to  be  insufficient, 
and  this  changes  the  result.     Then  there  must  be  some  point  at  which  the 


396  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUiNTY. 

injunction  may  apply  itself  to  prevent  that  result  the  true  vote  does  not  call  for, 
that  is,  a  removal  to  Marshall.  The  sufficiency  of  the  returns  from  the  three 
townships  has  not  yet  been  tried.  As  this  sufficiency  is  contested,  until  this 
trial  takes  place,  it  is  not  known  whether  the  legal  returns  show  Marshall  or 
Marietta  to  be  the  county  seat.  This  is  the  object  of  the  present  suit,  and 
the  injunction  is  to  stay  the  proceedings  just  where  the  mandamus  leaves 
it,  until  the  above  question  is  tried.  Such  is  the  true  intent  of  the  man- 
damus and  the  injunction,  to  whatever  intent  their  particular  language  may 
go.  But  they  do  not  conflict  in  the  present  case.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
prayer  is  that  the  County  Judge  be  restrained  from  proceeding  further  in  the 
canvass  than  simply  to  examine  the  returns  and  make  abstracts,  stating  the 
number  cast  for  each  town,  and  such  other  acts  as  they  may  by  law  be  required 
to  perform.  If  the  writ  should  go  so  far  as  to  direct  the  Judge  to  declare  the 
result,  still  the  removal  is  the  chief  object,  and  this  is  restrained. 

Neither  does  the  injunction  restrain  the  County  Judge  from  the  performance 
of  a  legal  duty.  If  the  returns  are  invalid,  as  alleged,  and  thus  the  result  is 
changed,  it  is  not  his  duty  to  remove ;  and  it  is  in  order  that  that  question  may 
be  tried  that  the  injunction  was  allowed. 

The  question  next  in  importance  is  whether  the  matters  alleged  in  relation 
to  the  election  and  to  the  returns  from  the  three  townships  sustain  the  charge 
of  insufficiency  and  invalidity. 

First,  it  is  objected  that  the  act  under  which  this  vote  was  taken,  entitled 
"An  act  in  relation  to  County  Seats"  (Acts  of  1855,  chap.  46,  p.  71),  was 
not  approved  by  the  Governor.  The  printed  copy  in  the  volume  of  acts  is 
wanted  in  the  evidence  of  an  approval ;  but  the  original,  in  the  office  of  the 
Secretary,  bears  the  approval,  as  of  the  date  of  January  22,  1855.  The  copy 
or  certificate  of  this  in  the  printed  acts  is  but  evidence  of  the  fact,  and  is  not 
essential  in  order  that  the  act  may  take  effect.  Such  certificate  is  convenient 
as  evidence  of  the  approval  and  of  the  date,  but  it  is  not  necessary. 

It  is  next  objected  that  the  records  of  the  County  Court  do  not  show  that 
notice  of  the  presentation  of  the  petition  for  holding  the  election  was  given, 
and  it  is  urged  that  this  is  essential  to  the  jurisdiction  of  that  Court.  And 
it  is  further  averred  that  there  was  no  such  notice,  in  fact.  It  is  an  error  to 
regard  this  as  a  jurisdictional  matter.  This  idea  pertains  to  cases  where  the 
Court  acts  judicially,  and  in  matters  between  party  and  party,  and  not  to  one  of  the 
nature  of  the  present  one,  which  is  a  vote  of  the  people.  Nor  does  the  want  of 
such  notice  invalidate  the  election.  In  matters  of  such  a  public  nature,  the  ob- 
servance of  each  particular  is  not  held  a  prerequisite  to  validity.  And  it  is  a  gen- 
eral rule  of  law  that  statutes  directing  the  mode  of  proceeding  of  public  officers,  re- 
lating to  time  and  manner,  are  directorv.  (The  People  vs.  Cook.  14  Barb.,  261- 
290;  Marchant  vs.  Langworthy,  6  Hill^  646;  The  People  vs.  Peck,  11  Wend,  604. ) 

But  this  proposition  is  not  applicable  when  |,he  statute  uses  negative 
words,  restricting  the  action,  or  when  there  is  something  plainly  showing 
a  different  intent.  But  there  is  a  peculiar  fitness  in  the  rule  when  applied  to 
popular  elections,  in  which  case  we  may  consider  the  character  of  the  duties, 
and  of  the  men  necessarily  chosen  to  perform  them.  These  are  men  usually 
not  instructed  in  their  duties,  or  in  nice  forms  and  distinctions.  Many  of  their 
duties,  too,  are  to  be  performed  in  haste  and  amid  confusion,  and  without  oppor- 
tunity for  deliberation.  It  is  true  that  the  last  thought  does  not  apply  in  force 
to  the  specific  act  now  in  question;  but  it  reaches  to  some  of  the  objections 
hereinafter  made ;  and  besides,  whilst  it  applies  to  such  duties  generally,  spe- 
cific instances  are  not  to  be  singled  out  as  exceptions. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  397 

The  same  tenor  of  reasoning  applies  to  the  objection  that  the  records  do  not 
show  that  notices  of  election  were  posted  in  the  townships,  and  the  averment 
that  such  notice  was  not,  in  fact,  posted  in  the  township  of  Marietta.  And  it 
has  been  remarked,  further,  that  the  people  are  not  to  be  disenfranchised,  to  be 
deprived  of  their  vote,  bj  the  omission  of  some  duty  by  an  officer,  if  an  election 
has  in  fact,  been  held  at  the  proper  time ;  and  that  such  a  penalty  ought  not 
to  be  visited  upon  them  for  the  negligence  or  willfulness  of  oire  charged  with 
similar  duties. 

Upon  considerations  like  these,  the  Courts  have  held  that  the  voice  of  the 
people  is  not  to  be  rejected  for  a  defect,  or  even  a  want  of  notice,  if  they  have, 
in  truth,  been  called  upon  and  have  spoken.  In  the  present  case,  whether 
there  were  notices  or  not,  there  was  an  election,  and  the  people  of  the  county 
voted ;  and  it  is  not  alleged  that  any  portion  of  them  failed  in  knowledge  of 
the  pendency  of  the  question,  or  to  exercise  their  franchise. 

The  objections  next  to  be  noticed  are  those  relating  to  the  returns  them- 
selves. It  is  alleged  that  the  returns  from  the  townships  of  Le  Grand,  Marion 
and  Green  Castle  are  insufficient,  and  should  be  rejected.  Copies  of  the  poll 
books  of  the  election  are  made  exhibits  to  the  bill. 

At  the  head  of  the  poll  list  in  each  of  these  is  a  caption,  showing  it  to  be 
the  poll  of  an  election  on  the  proper  day,  in  the  above  townships  respectively, 
and  in  the  county  of  Marshall.  The  exceptions,  therefore,  that  they  do  not 
appear  to  be  returns  from  these  townships,  nor  from  townships  in  the  county, 
are  based  upon  errors  of  fact,  and  must  fiiil.  Each  of  these  contains  a  certifi- 
cate of  returns,  signed  by  three  persons  styled  the  Judges  of  Election,  and 
attested  by  two  who  are  styled  Clerks  of  Election 

It  is  not  fatal  that  full  particulars  of  time  and  place  are  not  contained  in 
these  returns,  for  the  caption  and  certificate  may  be  taken  together,  and  thus, 
every  defect  of  one  is  su})plied  by  the  other. 

A  more  manifest  fault  is  in  the  fact  that  neither  the  Judges  nor  the  Clerks 
of  the  Election  appear  to  have  been  sworn.  In  the  case  of  each  of  these  town- 
ships before  named,  the  officers  signed  a  form  of  oath,  but  there  is  no  evidence 
of  the  oath  having  been  administered.  It  is  urged  that  this  defect  entirely 
vitiates  these  three  returns.  But  the  law  is  not  so.  Whilst  it  is  the  law  that 
the  Canvassers  cannot  adjudicate  upon  the  sufficiency  of  returns,  as  we  have 
held  in  the  former  case,  where  a  case  of  this  kind  comes  into  a  court  of  justice, 
such  court,  or  a  jury  trying  it,  not  only  may,  but  it  is  their  duty  to,  look  behind 
the  returns,  and  even  behind  the  ballot-box  in  some  cases.  Thus,  were  the 
case  on  trial  upon  the  facts,  the  court  might  receive  evidence  of  these  officers 
having  been  sworn.  (People  vs.  Cook,  14  Barb.,  298 ;  People  vs.  Ferguson,  8 
Cow.,  102;  People  ?'.?.  Vail,  20  Wend.,  12;  People  vs.  Seaman,  5  Denio,  409.) 

And  this  might  be  the  course  in  the  present  case ;  but  the  law  ixoes  yet  fur- 
ther. Neither  the  election  nor  the  particular  returns  would  be  vitiated  and  sub- 
ject to  rejection  if  the  above  officers  were  not  sworn.  (People  vs.  Cook,  14 
Barb.,  286,  287,  297  ;  Greenleaf  vs.  Low,  4  Denio.,  168;  Weeks  vs.  Ellis,  2 
Barb.,  320:  People  vs.  Covert,  1  Hill,  674;  People  vs.  Hopson,  1  Denio, 
575 ;  In  matter  of  Mohawk  &  Hudson  R.  R.  Co.,  19  Wend,  135.) 

Much  more  might  be  said,  enlarging  upon  these  points,  but  the  length  of 
this  case  forbids,  and  we  will  but  make  reference  to  other  authorities,  upon  sim- 
ilar occasions,  showing  that  the  election,  and  not  the  returns,  is  the  foundation 
of  the  right.  (3  Mass.,  230  ;  6  Wend.,  486  ;  3  Hill,  43  ;  12  Wend.,  481 ;  11 
Wend,  604  ;  19  Wend.,  143  ;  5  Cow.,  269;  4  Cow.,  297  ;  7  Hill,  9  ;  20  Pick., 
489,  490 ;  25  Maine,  507  ;  26  Maine,  491 ;  2  Carter,  Ind.,  423.) 


398  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Another  objection,  and  one  going  to  the  validity  of  the  election  itself,  i& 
that  bribery  and  unlawful  means  were  made  use  of  by  the  citizens  of  the  town 
of  Marshall,  to  influence  the  result.  The  first  instance  of  this  is  that  the  citi- 
zens of  Marshalltown  agreed  to  pay  ij^oOO  to  tliose  of  Marion  Township  to 
build  a  bridge  connecting  the  two  townships  ;  the  second  was  that  the  citizens  of 
the  former  town  conveyed  certain  real  estate  in  Marshalltown  to  the  citizens  of 
the  county ;  and  the  third  is,  that  two  certain  persons,  named  Rice,  gave  their 
promissory  notes,  indorsed  by  others,  to  the  County  School  Company,  for 
$3,000  and  $1,000  respectively — which  charges  are  accompanied  by  pertinent 
allegations  of  corrupt  intent,  of  agreement,  and  of  votes  being  procured  thereby 
in  numbers  suificient  to  change  the  result  of  the  election. 

We  do  not  think  the  growing  facilities  for  the  public  convenience  to  the 
whole  county,  such  as  furnishing  a  building  for  the  courts  and  officers,  and  thus 
relieving  the  county  from  a  burden  of  expense,  amounts  to  bribery.  Nor  would 
the  giving  property,  though  not  of  that  specific  character,  but  yet  adapted  to 
reducing  the  expense  of  a  change. 

If  the  people  of  a  town  desire  a  county  seat  located  at  such  place,  there  i& 
no  Avrong  and  no  corruption  in  their  offering  and  giving  facilities  to  produce 
that  result.  Either  in  buildings  or  in  offices  direct,  for  the  use  of  the  public, 
or  in  property,  or  in  money  to  procure  the  facilities,  they  may  offer  to  take  away 
or  to  lessen  the  pecuniary  burden  which  would  come  upon  that  public — the 
county — by  the  location  or  by  a  change  of  location.  And  this  cannot  be  brib- 
bery.  And  it  may  be  doubted  whether  such  an  act  can  become  bribery  when 
the  offer  is  to  the  Avhole  county,  and  upon  a  matter  of  county  interest  only.  In 
a  case  like  the  present,  there  is  no  duty  upon  the  county  from  which  it  or  its 
citizens  may  be  induced  to  swerve.  They  may  adopt  which  place  they  see  fit, 
and  it  is  offering  additional  inducements  only  in  favor  of  one,  to  offer  as  above 
mentioned. 

The  other  instance,  that  of  agreeing  to  pay  money  to  erect  a  bridge  between 
the  townships,  partakes  somewhat  more  of  the  nature  of  an  inducement  to  neg- 
lect the  public  good,  and  consult  personal  interest  or  convenience  only.  But 
yet,  as  there  is  no  duty  upon  the  citizen  to  vote  one  way  or  the  other,  but  he 
may  act  his  pleasure  from  however  personal  an  interest,  as  the  offer  is  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  a  township,  and  still  more,  as  the  thing  offered  or  the  pur- 
pose intended  is  of  a  public  nature,  a  public  convenience,  and  that,  too,  one 
only  facilitating  intercourse  between  the  two  townships,  we  cannot  view  it  in 
the  light  of  bribery. 

Bribery  may  be  defined  to  be  the  giving  (and  perhaps  offering)  to  another 
anything  of  value,  or  any  valuable  service,  intended  to  influence  him  in  the  dis- 
charge of  a  legal  duty.  It  does  not  apply  to  a  mere  moral  duty.  Our  State 
punishes  criminally  the  bribery  of  public  officers  (Section  26,  47-57),  and  of 
Electors,  and  the  Judges,  Clerks  and  Canvassers  of  P]lections  (Sections  2,601, 
2,699),  and  declares  (Section  339)  that  the  election  of  any  person  may  be  con- 
tested when  the  incumbent  has  given  or  offered  any  Elector,  etc.,  any  bribe  or 
reward,  in  money  or   property,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  his  election. 

It  does  not  seem  that  provisions  like  these  can  be  extended  to  a  case  where, 
as  in  the  present  one,  the  question  is  only  a  local,  county  question,  and  the 
party  to  be  influenced  is  the  entire  county,  or  a  whole  community,  which  is  a 
portion  of  itself;  and  the  thing  offered  is  of  a  public  nature,  pertaining  to  the 
public  and  not  to  individuals,  consisting  of  public  facilities  only. 

The  remaining  instance  of  alleged  bribery  is,  that  two  persons  gave  their 
promissory  notes,  indorsed  by  others,  to  the  Marshall   County  High   School 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  399 

Company.  It  is  to  be  noticed  that  the  consideration  of  these  notes  was,  that 
the  citizens  of  Iowa  Township,  and  not  merely  those  connected  with  this  com- 
pany, shoukl  vote  for  Marshalltown.  This  is  somewhat  different  from  the  pre- 
ceding case,  in  the  nature  of  the  thing  offered,  as  it  partakes  of  a  private  char- 
acter ;  but  it  is  still  an  offer  of  a  gift  of  facilities  to  the  public  of  a  township, 
and  even  of  the  county.  The  inducement  is  public  in  its  nature,  and  is  held 
out  to  the  entire  people  of  the  township. 

We  here  repeat  the  idea  that  there  is  no  duty  incumbent  upon  this  people 
which  they  are  tempted  to  violate.  l^either  are  the  public  officers,  legislative, 
executive  or  judicial.  They  are  voters  who  are  sought  to  be  influenced  in  the 
choice  of  a  county  seat  by  gathering  around  one  of  the  places  proposed  certain 
advantages  promotive  of  the  common  convenience  and  welfare.  These  are  wanting 
the  elements  requisite  to  constitute  a  bribery,  or  a  corrupt  or  unlawful  influence. 

In  a  motion  to  dissolve  the  injunction,  the  respondents  assigned  thirty 
causes,  embracing  those  above  considered,  and  in  view  of  the  positions  taken  in 
respect  to  these,  it  becomes  unnecessary  to  examine  the  remainder.  Regarding  it 
as  a  motion,  the  conclusion  is  that  the  injunction  was  properly  dissolved,  and 
the  order  should  be  made  perpetual.  Regarding  the  motion  as  a  demurrer,  in 
which  light  it  Avas  argued,  the  result  is,  that  the  facts  and  grounds  alleged  in 
the  bill  are  not  sufficient  to  invalidate  the  election. 

No  attention  has  been  given  to  that  part  of  the  bill  relating  to  the  forced 
canvass  by  the  County  Judge,  since  under  the  views  taken,  it  becomes  imma- 
terial, for  it  is  not  one  of  the  grounds  of  the  bill  that  the  canvassers  have  not 
declared  the  result  of  the  election  ;  and  for  the  purposes  of  this  bill,  it  can  have 
no  effect  whether  there  has  been  such  a  declaration  or  not. 

In  conclusion,  regarding  the  motion  as  one  to  dissolve  the  injunction,  we 
are  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  properly  sustained  ;  and  viewing  it  as  a  demurrer 
(in  which  light  it  was  argued),  we  think  the  facts  shown  in  the  bill  are  not 
sufficient  to  invalidate  either  the  election  or  the  returns  from  the  three  town- 
ships of  Le  Grand,  Marion  and  Green  Castle. 

Therefore,  the  decree  of  the  District  Court  is  affirmed. 

The  Marietta  men  finally  became  convinced  that  the  only  way  in  which  an 
adjustment  of  the  long  and  wearisome  controversy  could  be  made  was  to  yield 
to  Marshall,  and  accept  the  inevitable  with  good  grace.  This  conclusion  they 
communicated  to  the  Marshall  faction,  and  great  rejoicing  was  indulged  in  by 
the  people.  Men  and  Avoraen  joined  in  the  work  of  preparing  to  receive  the 
records  when  Marietta  should  decide  to  voluntarily  relinquish  them. 

The  hall  at  Marshall,  which  had  for  so  long  a  time  been  awaiting  the 
advent  of  the  county  property  to  assume  the  dignity  of  "Court  House,"  was 
transformed  into  a  banqueting  chamber.  The  ladies  vied  with  each  other  in 
preparing  for  the  grand  event. 

The  Marshall  County  Times,  of  January  4,  1860,  gives  the  following 
account  of  the  festivities.  It  is  so  thoroughly  characteristic  of  the  feeling  of 
the  chief  combatants  that  it  must  be  reproduced  entire.  During  the  fight 
everybody  was  for  war  to  the  knife  ;  at  the  dawn  of  peace,  all  joined  in  hand- 
shakings and  songs  of  rejoicing.  The  article  given  below  was  published  by  Mr. 
Henderson  as  an  editorial. 

REMOVAL  OF  THE  COUNTY  SEAT. 

THE  FESTIVAL THE  HATCHET  BURIED. 

"With  emotions  of  unalloyed  pleasure,  we  announce  the  final  act  and  scene 
of  the  drama  of  the  protracted  contest  between  the  towns  of  Marietta  and  ^Nlar- 


400  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

shall  for  the  county  seat  of  this  county,  under  circumstances  highly  honorable 
to  both  places.  On  Saturday  last,  31st  ult.,  the  records,  safe  and  treasure  of 
the  county  were  removed  from  Marietta  to  this  place  by  the  citizens  of  Marietta. 

"  As  this  event  was  not  expected  just  at  this  time,  and  will  take  some  of  our 
readers  by  surprise,  we  will  state  some  of  the  facts  and  incidents  preceding  and 
and  attending  it. 

"  About  the  first  of  last  week  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  affirming 
thejudgmentof  the  District  Court,  dissolving  the  injunction,  brought  by  Marietta 
about  a  year  since,  to  restrain  the  removal,  was  received  in  Marietta. 

"  A  previous  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  had  declared  that  it  was  the 
dut}'  of  the  County  Canvassers  to  recanvass  the  votes,  count  the  returns 
before  rejected,  and  declare  the  result  in  accordance  with  the  vote. 

"  The  whole  controversy  being  thus  settled  by  the  highest  legal  tribunal. 
Judge  Smith,  on  Thursday  evening  last,  called  to  his  assistance,  Esqs.  Turner 
and  Wolohan,  recanvassed  and  declared  Marshall  the  county  seat. 

'•  The  next  day,  Messrs.  Dishon  and  Whealan,  of  Marietta,  came  as  a  com- 
mittee to  inform  our  citizens  that  they  would  move  down  the  county  property 
on  Saturday. 

"  This  was  the  first  intimation  that  we  received  of  what  was  in  contempla- 
tion. At  3  o'clock  Friday,  our  people  assembled  and  resolved  to  signalize  the 
event  by  a  free  supper  to  the  citizens  of  the  county,  to  supervise  the  preparation 
of  which  a  committee  of  arrangements  was  appointed.  A  committee  was  also 
dispatched  to  Marietta  to  extend  to  her  people,  and  those  of  the  whole  county, 
so  far  as  the  limited  time  would  permit,  a  cordial  invitation  to  participate  in  the 
festivities.  At  once  the  public  spirited  ladies  of  our  town,  summoning  their 
culinary  skill,  began  the  operations  of  baking,  roasting,  stewing,  etc.  Through- 
out the  evening  these  processes  went  cheerily  and  actively  forward. 

*"  Saturday  morning  came — clear,  and  though  intensely  cold,  yet  beautiful. 
Old  Sol  smiled  forth  his  brightest  beams,  and  flecked  the  snowy  earth  with  gems 
of  silver.  On  all  sides  resounded  busy  notes  of  preparation.  Citizens  from  all 
parts  of  the  county,  heralded  by  the  chime  of  merry  bells,  were  constantly  arriv- 
ing. At  11  o'clock,  James  L.  Williams,  the  courteous  and  efficient  Clerk  of 
the  District  Court,  brought,  in  his  own  conveyance,  his  records  and  desks,  and 
placed  them  in  a  room  in  the  Court  House  already  selected  by  him. 

'•  Soon  after,  other  teams  and  other  citizens  fi*om  Marietta  arrived,  bringing 
the  County  Judge's  and  Treasurer's  books.  At  3  o'clock,  the  crowd  was  mar- 
shaled into  procession  by  Capt.  Hall,  and  repairing  to  the  Marshall  House, 
escorted  our  Marietta  friends  to  the  Town  Hall.  At  the  head  of  the  proces- 
s'on,  'discoursing  sweet  music,'  was  the  Marietta  Brass  Band.  Cherrily  its 
merry  notes  rang  forth,  in  '  spirit  stirring '  strains,  on  the  cold,  clear  air.  In 
the  hall,  250  feet  of  tables,  covered  with  substantial  and  delicacies,  tastefully 
arranged  by  the  ladies,  proffered  a  bountiful  repast. 

"The  company  disposed  in  order,  W.  P.  Hepburn,  Esq.,  on  the  part  of  our 
people,  tendered  to  our  Marietta  friends  the  liospitalities  of  the  occasion,  cor- 
dially thanking  them  for  the  act  of  justice  thus  honorably  consummated,  pro- 
posing that  'by-gones  be  by-gones,'  and  hoping  that  the  fraternal  spirit  which 
animated  all  on  the  occasion  might  ever  survive,  to  promote  the  common  good 
of  the  county. 

"  On  behalf  of  the  people  of  Marietta,  Thomas  Mercer,  Esq.,  responded, 
reciprocating  these  sentiments,  in  chaste  and  appropriate  words.  Rev.  Father 
Dunton  then  invoked  tlie  Divine  blessing  upon  the  multitude;  after  which,  all 
hands  proceeded  to  help  themselves  to  the  good  things  before  them.     A  large 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  401 

number  of  ladies,  from  this  place  and  from  Marietta,  graced  the  occasion  witli 
their  presence,  and  'all  went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell.' 

'*  About  dark,  the  safe,  in  charge  of  William  H.  Weatherly,  Esq.,  and 
drawn  by  eiglit  yoke  of  oxen,  arrived,  amid  prolonged  cheers,  and  was  deliv- 
ered by  Mr.  W.  in  a  neat  speech.  Judge  Smith  accompanied  the  safe,  and  was 
escorted  to  the  table  by  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  amidst  the  cheers  of 
the  crowd.     At  least  600  persons  were  in  the  hall  at  this  moment. 

''  Supper  over,  Mr.  Hepburn,  on  behalf  of  the  citizens,  addressing  Judge 
Smith,  tendered  him  'the  right  hand  of  fellowship,'  desiring  him  to  forget  the 
past  and  its  difficulties ;  to  which  the  Judge  feelingly  responded  in  the  same 
spirit. 

'•  iVll  the  outgoing  and  incoming  county  officers  were  present  on  this  occa- 
sion, and  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  festivities  responded  to  sentiments  proposed 
in  their  honor. 

"  Our  space  will  not  permit  us  to  give  all  the  spirited  toasts  read,  but  will 
present  one  whiih  Avas  characteristic  of  the  fraternal  inspiration  of  the  hour. 
It  was  read  by  Mr.  Hepburn,  President  of  the  Day,  as  follows : 

"  '  Marietta  and  Marshall — the  gems  of  the  Iowa  Valley  ;  may  they  grow  in  fraternal  feeling, 
as  they  will  in  population  and  wealth.' 

"  Mr.  Mercer  responded,  earnestly  urging  the  necessity  for  union,  in  order 
to  develop  the  latent  wealth  of  our  county,  closing  his  pertinent  remarks  by 
using  those  noble  words  of  Webster :  '  Liberty  and  union — now  and  forever — 
one  and  inseparable.'  This  sentiment  was  greeted  by  prolonged  and  enthusi- 
astic applause. 

"  While  the  tables  were  being  cleared,  the  hall  was  magnificently  illuminated, 
and  preparations  were  made  by  those  who  trip  '  the  light,  fantastic  toe '  to  wel- 
come in  the  New  Year  '  with  music  and  the  dance.' 

Let  joy  be  unconfined ; 

No  sleep  till  morn,  when  youth  and  pleasure  meet, 
To  chase  the  glowing  hours  with  flying  feet, 

seemed  the  animating  emotion  of  the  hour. 

'•  Thus  ended,  happily  and  pleasantly,  this  county  seat  contest,  protracted 
through  seven  years  of  eventful  struggle,  setting  neighbor  against  neighbor  b}^ 
the  animosities  it  engendered,  and  seriously  impeding  the  settlement  and  indus- 
trial progress  of  this,  the  best  county  in  Central  Iowa.  And  we  believe  this  a 
finality. 

''  The  citizens  of  our  county,  knowing  by  sad  experience  the  deleterious  in- 
fluence of  local  contests  and  jealousies,  will  evermore  discountenance  them,  and 
substitute  in  their  stead  that  generous  rivalry  to  excel  in  substantial  improve- 
ments and  development  of  the  common  resources,  which  is  consistent  with  the 
general  good  of  the  county. 

"  We  learn  that  many  of  our  friends,  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  feel 
disappointed  in  not  having  received  notice  of  the  jollification  on  the  occasion  of 
the  county  seat  removal,  last  Saturday. 

"We  regret  exceedingly  that  the  short  notice  given  us  did  not  permit  a 
more  oreneral  circulation  of  the  news.  We  knew  nothino;  whatever  of  the  mat- 
ter  till  Messrs.  Dishon  and  Whealan  came  down  on  Friday.  From  that  moment 
every  man  and  woman  in  town  was  'busy  as  nailers,'  preparing  for  the  sup- 
per and  reception  to  come  off  next  day,  at  3  o'clock. 

'*  It  was  impossible  then  to  send  out  persons  to  notify  the  people.  We  trust 
our  friends  will  accept  these  facts  as  our  apology." 


402  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


THE    ALBION    MOVEMENT. 

Tlie  success  achieved  by  Marshall  was  provocative  of  considerable  feeling  at 
Albion,  and  an  effort  was  made  by  the  citizens  of  Albion,  in  1860,  to  secure 
the  seat  of  justice  for  that  place.  Petitions  were  circulated  by  the  Albion 
men,  assisted  by  some  of  the  Marietta  people,  and  a  large  number  of  names 
obtained.  It  has  been  told  us  that  over  1,300  signers  were  secured  ;  but  this 
must  be  an  error.  Since  it  is  a  fact  that  the  vote  for  Governor  in  October, 
1861,  a  year  and  a  half  later,  was  but  1,125,  on  both  tickets ;  and  the  popula- 
tion for  1860  was  but  6,015,  it  is  reasonable  to  believe  that  the  only  record 
found  by  us  of  the  vote  is  about  correct,  viz.:  720  names.  The  papers  quoted 
hereafter  give  what  may  be  accepted  as  an  official  statement. 

This  large  petition  praying  the  County  Judge  to  order  an  election  in  April, 
1860,  was  met  by  a  remonstrance  Avhich  shows  775  names. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  discuss  the  subject  of  the  validity  of  the  documents, 
since  they  were  investigated  before  Judge  Battin,  County  Judge,  at  the  time 
The  examination  of  them  consumed  about  six  days,  and  resulted  in  a  ruling  by 
the  Court  that  the  remonstrants  were  in  the  majority.  The  ruling  of  Judge 
Battin  created  a  feeling  of  dissatisfaction  in  Albion,  especially  as  the  Judge 
was  a  resident  of  that  place  for  several  years  after  1856.  Suit  was  brought  in 
the  District  Court  to  obtain  a  writ  of  alternative  mandamus  compelling  him  to 
order  an  election  in  April,  1861,  or  show  cause  for  not  doing  so.  The  people 
were  represented  by  William  Parnell.  The  Court  granted  the  mandamus  at 
the  April  term,  1860,  as  follows : 


STATE  OF  IOWA,  I  ^^   ^jotion 
Marshall  County,  j      '  *        '    ' 


In  the  matter  of  the   State   of  Iowa  ex  rd.  Wm.  Parnell  vs.  The  County  .Judge  of  Marshall 
County : 

Now  comes  Wilson  &  Boardman,  on  the  part  of  and  in  behalf  of  the  above  relator.  William 
Parnell,  and  pi-ays  the  court  for  an  alternative  writ  of  mandamus,  directed  to  the  County  .Judore 
of  Marshall  County,  commanding  him  to  order  a  vote  on  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat  of  said 
county  at  Albion,  according  to  law,  or  that,  in  default  thereof,  he  show  cause  why  he  has  not 
done  the  same,  on  or  before  the  morning  of  the  fifth  day  of  tlie  present  term  of  the  District 
Court  of  said  county,  at  It  o'clock  A.  M.  Wilson  &  Boardman, 

Attorneys  for  Relator. 
THE  STATE  OF  IOWA,  \ 
County  of  Marshall,     j  ®^' 
To  the  County  Judge  of  Marshall  County,   Greeting : 

Whereas,  it  has  lately  been  represented  unto  the  District  Court  of  the  County  of  Marshall, 
State  of  Iowa,  on  the  behalf  of  William  Parnell,  that  the  said  Wm.  Parnell  is  a  resident  of  the 
town  of  Albion,  in  said  county,  that  he  is  the  owner  of  real  estate  therein,  and  that  he  is  beneficially 
interestedinhavingthecounty  seat  of  Marshall  relocated  at  said  town  of  Albion;  that  on  the  11th 
day  of  January,  A.  D.  1860,  a  notice  was  issued  in  the  Marietta  Wtekly  Express,  a  weekly  news- 
paper published  in  said  county,  and  the  same  was  published  for  a  term  of  twenty  days  there- 
after, notifying  the  citizens  of  said  county  that  at  the  February  term  of  the  County  Court  of 
said  county,  being  on  the  first  Monday  of  February,  A.  1).  1860  a  petition  would  be  presented 
to  the  said  court  praying  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat  of  said  county  at  the  town  of  Albion, 
in  said  county;  that  on  tlie  said  first  Monday  of  February,  A.  D.  I860,  the  said  petition  was 
presented  to  the  saiil  County  Court,  praying  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat  of  said  county  at 
the  town  of  Albion,  and  praying  the  Court  to  order  that  at  the  next  April  election  holden  there- 
after, to  wit:  on  the  first  .Monday  of  April,  that  a  vote  should  be  taken  between  the  said  desig- 
nated place,  Albion,  and  the  existing  county  seat ;  that  said  petition  was  signed  by  seven  hundred 
and  seventeen  citizens  of  said  county,  six  htmdred  and  eighty-five  of  which  signers  were  legal 
voters  of  said  county  ;  that  an  affidavit  was  made  at  the  time  of  the  presentation  of  said 
petition,  before  the  County  .Judge  of  said  county,  by  at  least  one  credible  witness,  that  all  the 
signers  were,  as  the  affiant  verily  believed,  legal  voters  of  said  county  ;  that  proof  of  the  publi- 
cation of  said  notice  was  duly  made  before  the  said  County  Court,  previous  to  the  publication  of 
said  petition;  that  the  number  of  voters  in  the  county  of  Marshall,  according  to  the  last  preced- 
ing census,  previous  to  the  presentation,  was  twelve  hundred  and  eighty-four  (1,"284) ;  that  upon 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  403 

the  presentation  of  said  petition  a  remonstrance  to  tlie  prayer  of  said  petition  was  presented  to 
said  court,  signed  by  seven  hzoidred  nnd  .sei)enty-ei<jht  (778)  persons,  claimed  to  be  legal  voters  of 
said  county,  and  the  same  was  by  affidavit  in  the  same  manner  of  petition  ;  that  afterward  the 
said  cause  having  been  continued  until  the  15th  day  of  February,  I860,  at  which  time  a  further 
remonstrance  was  presented,  signed  by  twenty-two  persons,  and  verified  in  the  same  manner  • 
that  upon  the  presentation  of  said  petition  and  remonstrances,  certain  proceedings  were  had 
before  the  said  Court,  in  which  and  by  which  it  was  by  the  said  Court  decided  and  determined  that 
of  the  names  of  persons  signed  to  the  said  remonstrances  there  appeared  to  be  but  six  himdred  and 
pinet}i-five  (695)  legal  voters,  entitled  as  such  to  sign  such  remonstrance  ;  and  to  the  said  petition 
there  appeared  but  six  hundred  and  eighty-five  names  of  persons,  legal  voters  in  said  county,  as 
such  entitled  to  sign  such  petition ;  that  therefore  the  said  County  Court,  then  and  there,  refused 
to  grant  the  prayer  of  the  petition,  and  refused  to  make  the  said  order,  and  still  refuses  so  to 
do  ;  that  the  said  relator,  nor  the  citizens  of  the  county  of  Marshall,  have  any  plain,  speedy 
and  adequate  remedy  at  law. 

These  are,  therefore,  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  to  command 
you  that  you  forthwith  proceed  to  make  and  enter  at  length  upon  the  proper  record  book  of  said 
County  Court,  an  order  that  at  the  April  election  to  be  holden  hereafter,  to  wit :  on  the  first 
Monday  of  April,  A.  D.  1861,  a  vote  shall  be  taken  upon  the  relocation  of  the  county  seat  of 
said  county,  between  the  town  of  Albion  aforesaid  and  the  town  of  Marshall,  the  existing  county 
seat  of  said  county;  or  that  in  default  thereof,  you  show  to  this  honorable  Court,  on  or  before 
the  morning  of  the  sixth  day  of  the  present  term  of  this  court,  why  you  have  not  done  the 
same. 

In  witness  whereof,  I,  James  L.  Williams,  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  the  County  of  Mar- 
shall, have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the  seal  of  said  court,  this  fifth  day  of  April, 
I860.  ■  James  L.  Williams, 

Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa. 

BOND. 

We,  the  undersigned,  acknowledge  ourselves  to  owe  and  be  indebted  to  the  county  of  Mar- 
shall, in  the  State  of  Iowa,  in  the  sum  of  Five  Hundred  Dollars. 

To  be  void  on  condition  that  the  undersigned  shall  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid  to  the  proper 
parties,  or  to  the  said  county  for  the  use  of  the  proper  parties,  all  costs  incurred  on  behalf  of 
the  town  of  Marshall  in  a  certain  proceeding  now  depending  in  the  County  Court  of  said  county, 
in  the  matter  of  a  petition  and  remonstrance  relating  to  an  order  for  a  vote  on  the  question  of 
relocating  the  county  seat  of  said  county  between  the  town  of  Marshall,  the  present  county  seat, 
and  the  town  of  Albion,  in  said  county.  ,  Wells  S.  Rice, 

H.  D.  Haetwell. 

On  the  7th  of  April,  Judge  Battin  subscribed  the  following  demurrer  to  the 
mandamus  : 

STATE  OF  IOWA,  COUNTY  OF  MARSHALL. 


District  Court. — April  Term,  1860. 

The  State  of  Iowa,    ex  rel.   ]    MandamuSi 

vs. 
The  County  Judge  of  Mar- 


„  T  I    Demurrer. 

shall  County,  Iowa. 

Comes  now  William  Battin,  County  Judge  of  said  county,  and  demurring  and  excepting 
to  the  alternative  writ  of  mandamus  heretofore  issued  in  this  cause,  says  he  ought  not  to 
be  required  to  obey  the  mandate  of  said  writ,  and  for  cause  thereof  showeth  the  court  the 
following : 

1st.  That  said  writ  commands  defendant  to  perform  an  act  which  the  law  does  not  specially 
enjoin  as  a  duty  resulting  from  an  office,  trust  or  station. 

2d.  The  law  does  not  require  the  defendant  to  relocate  the  county  seat  of  said  county,  and 
the  prayer  of  the  petition  mentioned  in  said  writ  could  not  be  granted  by  defendant. 

3d.  Said  writ  is  not  issued  upon  information  ;  or,  if  so,  the  informant  is  not  made  known 
to  defendant  by  said  writ. 

4th.  Said  writ  is  misdirected,  in  that  it  issues  to  the  County  Judge,  who  is  not  authorized 
to  perform  the  act  required  by  the  mandate  of  said  writ. 

5th.  Said  writ  requires  defendant  to  make  an  order  for  election  not  conformable  to  the 
prayer  of  the  petitions  referred  to  in  said  writ,  in  that  said  petitions  are  alleged  to  have  asked 
for  a  vote  on  the  first  Monday  in  April.  A.  D.  1860,  and  said  writ  commands  defendant  to  order 
an  election  in  April,  A.  D.  1861. 

6th.  Said  writ  does  not  show  that  any  petition,  such  as  is  required  by  the  law  of  1855  on 
the  subject  of  relocating  county  seats,  was  ever  presented  to  defendant,  praying  an  order  such 
as  is  required  by  the  mandate  of  said  writ. 


404  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

7th.  Said  writ  commands  the  County  Judge  to  do  what  could  only  be  done  by  the  County 
Court. 

8fh.  There  is  no  law  authorizing  a  vote  on  the  question  of  relocating  the  county  seat  of 
said  county. 

0th.  There  is  no  April  election  now  authorized  by  law,  and  the  County  Judge  is  not 
authorized  to  appoint  an  election  for  the  purpose  designated  in  the  mandate  of  said  writ. 

10th.  The  writ  seeks  to  control  the  discretion  of  a  judicial  officer,  acting  in  a  judicial 
capacity. 

II th.     Said  writ  commands  the  defendant  to  perform  a  judicial  act  in  a  particular  manner. 

12th.  Said  writ  shows  upon  its  face  that  the  County  Court  has  acted  and  determined  the 
questions  referred  to  in  said  writ. 

13th.  Said  writ  shows  that  by  the  finding  of  the  County  Court  an  actual  majority  of  the 
legal  voters  of  said  county  remonstrated  against  an  order  for  a  vote  on  the  question  of  relocating 
the  county  seat  of  said  county,  as  prayed  for  by  the  petitioners,  and  therefore, 

14th.  Said  writ  shows  that  the  prayer  of  said  petition  ought  not  to  have  been  granted,  and 
it  cannot  now  be  granted. 

loth.  Said  writ  expressly  declares  that  the  relator — whoever  he  may  be — and  the  citizens 
of  the  county  of  Marshall,  have  no  plain,  speedy  or  adequate  remedy  at  law;  and,  therefore, 
he  and  they  are  not  entitled  to  the  writ. 

1 6th.  If  the  relator,  or  any  person  aggrieved  by  the  decision  of  the  County  Court,  have 
any  remedy,  it  is  by  appeal  of  writ  of  certiorari.  Wm.  Battin, 

By  H.  C.  Henderson,  County  Judge. 

His  Attorney. 

The  Court  sustained  the  demurrer,  and  the  counsel  for  the  people 
took  exceptions  thereto,  but  the  case  was  never  taken  to  the  Supreme 
Court. 

Thus  ended  the  county  seat  contest,  which  had  extended  over  nearly  a 
ilecade  of  the  history  of  Marshall  County.  No  effort  to  renew  it  has  ever  been 
made,  and  Marshalltown  may  rest  safely  on  the  numerous  laurels  she  has 
won. 

When  the  county  seat  was  finally  given  to  Marshall,  many  of  the  most 
active  men  removed  from  Marietta  and  cast  their  fortunes  with  their  whilom 
rival. 

Among  those  who  are  still  living  in  Marshall  are  James  L.  Williams,  John 
Turner,  William  H.  Weatherly  and  H.  E.  J.  Boardman. 

Judge  Smith  removed  to  his  farm  on  Timber  Creek,  and,  three  years  ago, 
to  Albion,  where  he  still  resides. 

Judge  Battin  is  living  on  his  farm  near  Liscomb. 

The  feeling  which  so  long  controlled  the  men  of  Marshall  County  is  fast 
dying  out.  The  greater  number  accept  the  theory  of  Aaron  Burr,  "  There  is 
no  use  repining  over  the  inevitable,"  and  join  in  the  development  of  the  enter- 
prising city  of  Marshall. 

MARIETTA. 

Let  us  approach  this  village  with  heads  uncovered,  and  for  a  moment  stand 
in  silence,  as  before  the  dead  !  There  is  something  pitiful  in  the  record  here 
transcribed.  It  is  the  story  of  that  which  was,  yet  is  not ;  of  a  village  which 
might  have  been. 

It  was  not  written  in  the  book  of  Fate  that  Marietta  should  hold  dominion 
over  the  lovely  region  of  Marshall  County,  and  the  hand  of  the  destroying 
forces  have  wrought  sad  changes  where  hopeful  minds  conceived  bright  possi- 
bilities. 

There  is  an  air  of  desolateness  about  the  ruins  of  the  little  town  that  strikes 
one  like  a  chill  blast,  as  one  gazes  on  the  scene  once  busy  with  ambitious  life. 
The  bright  sun  could  not  dispel  the  atmosphere  of  solitude  as  we  drove  through 
the  deserted  streets  and  paused  upon  the  spot  where  hostile  men  stood  in  crude 
but  desperate  array. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  405 

Here,  where  the  corn  grows  highest  and  promises  a  rich  harvest  of  golden 
grain,  the  Court  House  stood.  There,  where  the  trench  still  breaks  the  even- 
ness of  the  prairie  sod,  the  Marshall  soldiers  awaited  the  grim  order  to  assail 
the  weak  fortress  of  the  county.  Yonder,  half  hidden  by  the  waving  fields  of 
corn,  stand  the  homes  of  the  several  participants  in  the  struggle  that  so  nearly 
terminated  in  bloodshed. 

There  is  no  air  of  idleness  or  decay  on  the  fertile  farms  of  Robert  Timmons, 
Martin  Braddock  and  Jacob  Whealan,  but  we  cannot  help  speculating  on  the 
might  have  been,  as  we  rest  in  the  shades  of  the  enormous  stacks  of  hay  and 
grain  that  are  piled  up  in  the  very  center  of  the  village  limits. 

The  '■  corner  lots  "  fronting  the  "  public  square  "  are  given  over  to  the  use 
of  cattle,  and  where  there  might  have  been  high  blocks  of  handsome  stores, 
there  are  the  unpoetic  pig-sties  and  the  appurtenances  of  a  farm  yard.  The 
large  farm  house  owned  by  Mr.  Timmons  stands  on  the  corner  opposite  the 
"park,"  and  just  across  the  street  is  his  immense  barn.  These  buildings  show 
the  prosperity  of  their  proprietor,  but  they  mock  the  weather-stained,  preten- 
tious buildings  that  have  survived  the  shock  of  time  and  disaster.  Mr.  Tim- 
mons turned  from  town  to  country  life,  with  that  philosophic  determination  to 
succeed,  which  proves  his  shrewdness,  and  his  bravery  to  fight  fate  as  well  as 
invading  forces. 

We  step  across  the  street  from  this  home  of  comfort,  and  pass  the  park. 
There,  in  a  central  location,  stands  the  post  office,  a  little  building,  covered  with 
brilliantly  colored  circus  posters,  displaying  men  and  women  in  all  sorts  of 
impossible  attitudes,  and  imparting  to  the  dilapidated  structure  the  appearance  of 
trying  to  be  gay  in  spite  of  its  broken  windows  and  dusty  floor.  A  pane  of 
glass  is  gone,  and  we  gaze  through  the  aperture  at  the  official  array  of  lettered 
boxes  within.  The  Postmaster  is  at  home,  for  there  is  little  need  of  his  await- 
ing the  coming  of  an  applicant  for  mail.  A  few  letters  and  papers  still  repose 
in  sleepy  quiet  in  their  appropriate  receptacles,  as  though  they  contained  no 
startling  intelligence  to  shock  their  sometime  readers,  and  were  thankful  for  it. 
A  stray  urchin  rushes  by  us,  the  only  sign  of  human  life  upon  the  streets,  and 
manifests  his  free,  American  spirit  by  tearing  the  circus-bill  equestrian,  who 
stood  so  defiantly  an  instant  before,  in  a  most  shocking  manner.  Satisfied  with 
his  work  of  destruction,  the  boy  runs  away  and  hides  himself  behind  a  barn. 

We  continue  our  ride  across  the  village  plat,  and  pause  before  the  door  of 
the  venerable  Postmaster,  who,  with  his  good  wife,  greets  us  cordially.  Mr. 
Jacob  Randall  was  one  of  the  first  to  locate  on  the  charming  site,  and  still  retains 
his  early  admiration  for  the  place.  Well  he  may  do  so,  for  Marietta  was  a 
lovely  spot,  and  still  is  pleasing  to  the  eye,  despite  the  gloomy  air  which  so 
affects  a  chance  observer.  This  disturbing  sensitiveness  the  worthy  Postmaster 
does  not  possess,  for  he  has  seen  the  gradual  change  occur  and  has  become 
accustomed  to  each  trifling  phase.  As  they  relate  to  us  the  history  of  the  con- 
test, and  point  out  the  several  scenes  of  action,  we  feel  that,  had  all  been 
imbued  with  the  spirit  manifested  by  Mrs.  Randall  and  her  friend  Mrs.  Crow, 
the  termination  of  the  day's  conflict  might  not  have  been  so  peaceful  as  it  was. 

We  see  the  former  homes  of  Thomas  B.  Abell,  William  Dishon,  J.  L.  Will- 
iams, Jacob  Holland,  John  Robbins,  Edward  Hall,  W.  C.  Smith,  Richard 
Lackey,  Thomas  Greener,  Israel  Grifiith,  John  Miller,  Lot  Holmes,  Joseph 
Mills  and  others  whose  names  are  associated  with  the  place  and  times.  Many 
of  the  houses  have  been  torn  down,  while  the  old  Court  House  was  removed  to 
MarshaP.  and  transformed  into  a  less  prominent  building,  as  though  to  add  to 
the  degradation  of  the  memorable  pile. 


406  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  * 

Now  we  are  passing  a  cottage  that  once  must  have  been  a  constant  delight 
to  the  proprietor  and  a  source  of  pride  to  the  town.  A  well  constructed  fence, 
of  neat  design,  surrounds  the  yard,  but  the  hand  of  the  careful  owner  no  longer 
trims  the  vines  or  prunes  the  shrubs  which  thrive  luxuriantly  therein.  A  grape 
clambers  recklessly  about  and  seems  to  be  endeavoring  to  get  away  from  the 
place.  Trees  cast  a  shade  as  deep  as  twilight  over  the  ground.  Wild  bushes 
and  weeds  lift  up  their  heads  in  open  defiance  of  right,  and  rejoice  at  their 
undisturbed  possession  of  the  gai'den. 

The  streets  of  the  town  present  the  appearance  of  an  unkempt  country  road. 
The  whole  place  is  neither  village  nor  farm — it  is  that  strange  combination  of 
life  in  death.  Thrifty  farms  and  spacious  buildings  crowd  out  the  tumbling 
residences  of  by-gone  days. 

Let  us  glance  backward  at  the  times  when  Marietta  promised  to  become  the 
leading  city  of  the  region. 

The  first  entry  of  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town  of  Marietta,  as  it  is  now 
defined,  was  made  by  Dr.  E.  B.  Bush,  June  23,  1848.  The  quarter  section 
chosen  by  him  was  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  34,  Town  85,  Range  19, 
just  south  of  the  Iowa  River,  but  across  the  north  line  of  Marietta  Township, 
in  Bangor.  That  entire  section  was  included  in  the  precinct  of  Minerva  Creek, 
at  the  first  election  in  1849.  Mr.  Sherman,  his  brother-in-law  came  with  Dr. 
Bush  and  located  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  first  claim,  but  no  record  of  land 
purchase  is  made. 

Among  the  first  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  Marietta  were  Reuben  Rosseau, 
Dr.  0.  P.  Hixson,  Alexander  Crow,  William  Peterman  (who  was  probably  one 
of  the  very  first  to  settle),  Mr.  Coddington,  Chester  Brackett,  Mahlon  Wood- 
ward, Thomas  Wimberly,  Martin  Braddock,  Richard  Lackey.  In  the  year  '51, 
William  H.  Weatherly  settled  in  that  town. 

John  B.  Hobbs  located  in  what  is  now  Iowa  Township  in  1850,  and  in 
1851,  William  Dishon  moved  to  a  point  just  north  of  the  village  site,  and 
expressed  a  determination  to  lay  out  a  town  there.  • 

Under  the  code  of  1851,  John  B.  Hobbs  was  elected  County  Judge,  and  in 
the  early  Fall  of  that  year,  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  locate  the  county 
seat,  chose  the  west  half  of  the  southwest  (;[uarter  of  Section  18,  Town  84,  Range 

18,  and  the  east  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  13,  Town  84,  Range 

19,  as  the  most  desirable  site. 

John  B.  Hobbs  and  Isaac  Dawson  immediately  entered  these  lands,  which 
were  public  domain  at  the  time  of  their  selection  by  the  Commissioners,  and 
platted  a  village  thereon.  The  owners  recorded  their  plat  October  11,  1851. 
John  Mills  Barnard  was  the  surveyor. 

One-half  of  the  village  was  deeded  to  the  county  by  the  owners,  as  is  shown 
by  the  following  deed. 

DEED. 

For  tlie  consideration  of  .S200.  we,  John  B.  Hobbs  and  Isaac  Dawson,  of  Marshall  County 
and  State  of  Iowa,  do  hereby  convey  to  Marshall  ("ounty,  in  the  State  aforesaid,  the  following 
described  tract  of  land,  situateil  in  the  Town  of  Marietta,  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  County, 
in  blocks  and  lots  as  follows : 

Block  2  and  Lots  o,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  3  ;  Lots  7  and  8  in  Block  4  ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in 
Block  0  ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  G  ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Blocks  7,  8  and  9 ;  Lots  3,  4,  7 
and  8  in  Block  10 ;  Lots  1,  2,  Sand  C  in  Block  11  ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  12  ;  Lots  1 ,  2,  Sand  6 
in  Block  13  ;  Lots  1,  2,  ■>  and  6  in  Blocks  14,  16  and  18;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  19  ;  Lots 
3.  4,  7  .and  8  in  Block  20 ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  21  ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  22  ;  Lots 
1,  2,  5  and  (3  in  Block  2-') ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  26  ;  Lots  1,  2,  5  and  6  in  Block  27  ;  Lots 
3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  28 ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Blocks  29,  31  and  33  ;  Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in 
Block  34 ;   Lots  3,  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  35 ;  Lots  3.  4,  7  and  8  in  Block  36 ;  Lots  3,  4,   7  and  8  in 


■^-urs^-y'-- 


Jas.  L.Williams 

MARSHAarOlVN 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  409 

Block  37;  Lots  :1,  4,  7  and  8  in  Blocks  88,  39,  40,  42,  44,  46,  48,  50,  52  and  54,  all  on  the  east 
half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  13,  in  Township  84,  north  of  Ran<Te  19  west ;  and  on  the 
•west  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  18,  in  Township  84,  north  of  Range  18  west,  to 
have  and  to  hold  the  same  unto  the  second  part,  and  its  assigns  forever.  And  the  above  premises 
is  conveyed  clear  of  all  incumbrance,  except  one-half  of  ihe  expense  of  surveying  the  said  town 
of  Marietta,  in  which  the  foregoing  lots  and  blocks  do  lay.  And  we  warrant  the  title  against  all 
persons  whomsoever,  and  Emily  Ilobbs,  wife  of  said  John  B.  Hobbs,  and  Sarah  Dawson,  wife  of 
said  Isaac  Dawson,  do  hereby  relinquish  all  their  right  and  claim  of  dowry  in  and  to  said  prem- 
ises, as  witness  whereof  the  said  John  B.  Hobbs  and  Emily  Hobbs,  and  Isaac  Dawson  and 
Sarah  Dawson  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  seals,  April  6,  A.  D.  1852. 

John  B.  Hobbs. 

Isaac  Dawson. 

Emily  Hobbs. 
In  presence  of  Jabob  Hauser  and  Martha  Dawson.  Sarah  Dawson. 

State  of  Iowa,  Marshall  County,  ss.  :  Before  me.  Jacob  Hauser,  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court  of  the  county  and  State  aforesaid,  personally  appeared  the  above  named  John  B.  Hobbs 
and  Emily  Hobbs,  his  wife,  and  Isaac  Dawson  and  Sarah  Dawson,  his  wife,  personally  knowing 
to  me  to  be  the  identical  persons  whose  names  are  subscribed  to  the  above  conveyance  as  grant- 
ors, and  acknowledged  the  execution  of  the  same  to  be    their  voluntary  act  and  deed. 

Given  under  my  hand,  this  April,  22d  day,  A.  D.  1852.  Jacob  Hauser, 

Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa. 

Mr.  Dish  on  was  induced  to  locate  in  the  village,  and  there  opened,  in  1851, 
a  general  store,  which  was  the  second  mercantile  venture  in  the  county.  The 
first  store  was  opened  in  Le  Grand,  by  James  Allman,  in  1850. 

The  succeeding  stores  were  conducted  by  Thomas  Darlington,  Peter  and 
Edward  Collins,  J.  B.  Thomas,  Henry  Crow,  Chester  Brackett,  C.  Tomlinson, 
Alfred  Cummings,  John  Anson,  Letchey  Brothers  (furniture)  and  John  Turner 
(hardware).     Dr.  Whealen  opened  a  drug  store  at  an  early  date. 

William  Dishon's  log  house  was  the  first  one  erected.  The  Court  House, 
which  figures  so  largely  in  this  history,  was  the  first  frame  building  put  up  in 
the  limits.  Alexander  Crow,  who  was  the  contractor,  hauled  the  materials 
from  Iowa  City  and  Muscatine. 

Mr.  Hobbs  never  lived  in  the  village,  but  resided  on  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Swearengen  farm,  near  Albion. 

The  first  religious  services  were  conducted  in  1851-52,  by  Father  Dunton, 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  denomination,  who  acted  as  missionary  in  this  region. 
The  first  school  was  taught  by  Hon.  Delos  Arnold,  in  1850.  Dr.  Whealen  was 
the  first  responsible  physician  in  the  town  in  1853,  although  Dr.  Atwater  prac- 
ticed there  prior  to  that  time.  Dr.  W.  B.  Waters  and  Dr.  Winterstein  were 
located  in  the  place  at  a  later  period. 

The  legal  profession  was  represented  by  H.  E.  J.  Boardman,  Delos  Arnold, 
Loring  Brown,  Thomas  J.  Wilson  and  J.  Crookham. 

The  first  established  Pastor  was  Peter  Collins,  who  came  in  '52. 
There  were  church  societies  formed  by  the  Methodists,  Christians,  Disciples, 
Baptists,  Quakers  and  Roman   Catholics,  but  full  histories  of  these  organiza- 
tions  cannot  be  obtained.      The  records,  if  any  were  kept,  have   long  since 
passed  out  of  the  knowledge  of  man. 

Alexander  Crow  opened  the  first  tavern ;  and  shortly  afterward,  A.  L. 
Hall,  now  of  Marshalltown,  and  William  Shively  kept  public  houses. 

Among  the  first  artisans  in  the  place  were :  Alexander  Crow  and  John  Bai- 
ley, carpenters ;  Elias  Wolohan,  blacksmith ;  John  Turner,  tinner ;  James 
Geitzey,  furniture  maker ;  Thomas  Greener,  shoemaker ;  John  Lodwe  and 
Henry  James,  wagon  makers. 

The  post  office  was  established  in  1852,  with  William  Dishon  as  Postmaster. 
The  present  incumbent  has  filled  the  office  honorably  for  twenty  years,  or  there- 
abouts.    His  present  term  of  service  is  over  sixtsen  years. 

o 


410  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

In  1852,  we  find  the  names  of  Lot  Holmes,  Jesse  Amos  and  William  Marsh 
figuring  in  the  history  of  the  place.  It  was  in  this  year  that  George  Atwater 
moved  to  jNIarietta. 

The  following  year,  1853,  is  the  date  of  the  inception  of  the  struggle  which 
ended  in  the  death  of  the  town.  The  resignation  of  Judge  Hobbs,  in  the  Fall 
of  '52,  and  the  sale  of  his  interest  in  the  town  to  William  Dishon,  withdrew 
his  name  from  the  exciting  events  of  the  next  eight  years. 

Atwater,  by  virtue  of  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney,  to  which  he  had 
been  elected  shortly  after  his  arrival,  became  Judge  of  the  County. 

The  account  of  the  contest  for  supremacy  between  Marietta  and  Marshall  is 
given  a  separate  chapter,  and  need  not  be  recounted  here. 

In  1853,  Judge  Smith  took  up  his  residence  in  Marietta ;  and  subsequent 
to  that,  the  Williams  family  moved  to  the  county  and  located  at  Marietta.  Mr. 
J.  L.  Williams  became  one  of  the  leading  men  in  the  fight.  Mr.  H.  E,  J. 
Boardman  was  one  of  the  foremost  men  of  the  place.  Mr.  Delos  Arnold  took 
no  minor  part  in  the  drama. 

The  history  of  this  town  is  practically  the  history  of  the  county  seat  war, 
after  the  year  1853,  and  an  attempt  to  reproduce  the  personal  experiences  of 
those  who  lived  there  would  be  to  commit  the  folly  we  have  all  along  sought  to 
avoid,  that  is,  the  error  of  awakening  unpleasant  memories  of  the  past. 

All  who  engaged  in  the  scenes  of  those  days  have  agreed  to  bury  the  hatchet, 
perhaps  with  regret  at  individual  losses,  for  that  would  be  but  human,  but  still 
with  a  genuine  determination  to  work  for  the  interests  of  the  county. 

Let  us,  then,  ring  down  the  curtain  on  Marietta,  and  turn  to  the  more  pros- 
perous city  of  Marshalltown  and  to  the  county  generally. 


RAILROADS. 

The  railroad  history  of  Marshall  County  forms  an  interesting  chapter,  inas- 
much as  this  question,  like  nearly  all  others  of  a  public  nature,  is  more  or  less 
involved  in  the  greater  one  of  the  county  seat  location. 

No  sooner  was  Marshall  County  endowed  with  life,  by  the  settlement  of  en- 
terprising men  upon  its  fertile  lands,  than  the  attention  of  the  more  active 
minds  was  turned  to  the  securing  of  rail  communication  with  Eastern  markets. 
When  the  need  of  postal  and  market  advantages  was  realized,  strenuous  efforts 
were  made  to  procure  the  survey  of  a  line  east  from  Marshall  County,  as  a  con- 
tinuation of  some  one  of  the  main  lines  to  Chicago. 

Marietta,  which  not  only  possessed  the  county  archives  and  was  the  estab- 
lished seat  of  justice,  locally,  but  which  even  aspired  to  the  dignity  of  being  the 
State  capital,  was  successful  in  getting  a  preliminary  survey  for  a  railroad  run 
to  her,  before  Marshall  was  able  to  check  the  movement. 

The  Iowa  Central  Air  Line  Railroad  was  sprung  into  life  through  the  be- 
stowal of  public  land  grants  by  Congress,  and  was  designated  as  thq,  corpora- 
tion to  construct  an  east  and  west  road  through  the  State,  as  near  as  practicable 
on  the  forty-second  parallel.  In  addition  to  the  Congressional  subsidy,  private 
and  municipal  aid  was  pledged,  by  interested  parties,  to  this  company,  and  success 
seemed  certain. 

The  opposition  between  Marietta  and  Marshall  naturally  provoked  an  in- 
tense rivalry  on  the  subject  of  this  railroad  project.  If  Marietta  obtained  the 
road,  the  hopes  entertained  by  Marshall  of  one  day  depriving  that  town  of  the 
county  seat  would  be  forever  blighted.      We  find,  therefore,  a  vigorous  spirit 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  411 

manifested  by  Marshall  against  the  Air  Line  Road,  shortly  after  the  promulga- 
tion of  the  scheme. 

Marshall  turned  her  attention  to  Cedar  Rapids  as  the  point  most  likely  to 
co-operate  with  her,  and  through  the  instrumentality  of  G.  M.  Woodbury, 
gained  the  confidence  of  such  men  as  Judge  Greene,  John  Weare  and  others. 

The  Marshall  County  Times  lifted  up  its  voice  in  advocacy  of  some  plan 
to  defeat  the  Air  Line  and  thwart  Marietta. 

In  1858,  the  proposed  road  showed  signs  of  weakness,  and  was  openly  de- 
nounced as  a  swindle.  Efforts  were  made  to  bolster  it  up  and  retain  the  grant, 
but  the  main  purpose  was  carefully  avoided  by  the  manipulators  of  the  funds, 
and  the  public  became  disgusted  with  the  policy  of  the  corporation. 

Early  in  '59,  it  Avas  proposed  to  induce  the  Legislature  to  transfer  the  fran- 
chise of  the  Air  Line  to  a  corporation  to  connect  with  the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Ne- 
braska Railroad,  which  had  reached  Cedar  Rapids  from  the  Mississippi  and 
opened  up  communication  with  Chicago  and  the  East.  ' 

Every  inducement  was  offered  by  Cedar  Rapids  to  obtain  the  formation  of 
a  new  company,  which  was  to  have  the  rights  of  the  Air  Line,  and  be  a  practi- 
cal extension  of  the  C  ,  I.  &  N.,  and  intersect  the  Missouri  traffic  on  the  west- 
ern boundary  of  this  State. 

Marshall  joined  heart  and  hand  in  this  plan,  for  it  not  only  made  her  the 
railroad  town  of  the  county,  but  also  killed,  at  one  blow.  Marietta  and  the  Air 
Line  Road. 

On  the  11th  of  May,  1859,  a  convention  was  held  at  Marshall,  at  which 
the  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

Whereas,  We,  the  delegates  representing  the  sentiments  and  interests  of  the  people  of  the 
counties  of  Linn,  Tama,  Marshall,  Boone  and  Greene,  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  on  the  subject  of 
railroads,  are  duly  impressed  with  the  importance,  not  to  say  absolute  necessity,  of  railroad 
connection  with  the  East,  and  deem  it  to  be  our  duty  to  extend  our  sympathies,  support  and 
confidence  to  any  company  or  organization  which  promises  to  give  us  the  benefit  of  an  Eastern 
railroad  connection  in  the  shortest  practicable  space  of  time  ;  and 

Whereas,  The  long  cherished  hopes  of  our  people  in  the  sucess  of  the  "  Iowa  Central  Air 
Line  Railroad  Company"  have  been  utterly  disappointed,  and  there  no  longer  remains  any  reason 
for  expecting  the  fulfillment  of  the  pledges  of  that  faithless  organization,  and  the  conditions  on 
which  the  munificent  grant  of  lands  was  ceded  to  it ;  and. 

Whereas,  The  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad  Company,  by  the  energetic,  economical 
and  successful  management  of  their  aftairs,  have  evinced  the  capacity  and  integrity  of  its  direct- 
ory, and  forced  us  to  a  confident  reliance  on  its  entire  ability  to  earry  forward  its  plans  with 
characteristic  promptness  and  regard  to  the  wants  and  expectations  of  the  public  ;  now  there- 
fore, be  it 

Resolved,  That  all  the  interests,  present  and  prospective,  of  the  tier  of  counties  in  Central 
Iowa,  running  west  from  the  Cedar  River,  on  the  42d  parallel  of  latitude,  demand  a  railroad  on 
or  near  said  parallel,  and  that  we  hereby  pledge  the  hearty  co-operation  of  the  people  in  said 
counties  to  such  an  enterprise. 

Resolved,  That  we  have  lost  all  confidence  in  the  capacity  and  integrity  of  the  "  Iowa  Central 
Air  Line  Railroad  Company :"  that  its  reckless  mismanagement,  the  corrupt  and  extravagant 
expenditure  of  its  funds,  the  imbecility  of  its  directory  and  plan  of  operation,  and  its  entire 
failure  to  meet  the  just  expectations  of  the  people  along  the  line,  and  comply  witli  the  conditions 
on  which  the  "land  grant"  was  ceded  by  the  State  to  said  company,  all  combine  to  drive  out 
the  last  reasonable  hope  in  its  future  success,  and  its  power  to  confer  any,  even  the  slightest, 
benefit  upon  those  for  whose  benefit  particularly  said  land  grant  was  ceded  to  it. 

Resclved,  That  we  believe  that  sheer  justice  to  the  counties  west  of  the  Cedar  River,  in 
which  the  lands  heretofore  ceded  to  said  "  Air  Line  Railroad  Company"  lie,  demands  at  the  hands 
of  the  legislative  authorities  of  the  State  a  transfer  of  said  "land  grant"  to  a  more  efficient 
organization,  under  proper  restrictions  guarding  the  interests  of  said  counties  in  said  "  grant." 

Resolved,  That  we  have  the  utmost  confidence  in  the  directory  and  management  of  the 
"  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad  Company,"  inspired  by  the  eminent  success  which  has 
crowned  their  efforts  in  constructing  their  road  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Cedar  River,  a  dis- 
tance of  82  miles,  in  these  times  of  unparalleled  commercial  and  financial  depression. 

ResAved,  That  if  said  last  named  company  will  take  hold  of  the  project  of  extending  their 
line  west  from  the  Cedar  River,  as  indicated  in  the  first  resolution  above,  we  deem  it  expedient 


412  HISTORY  Oh    MARSHALL  CuUNTY. 

and  pfoper,  and  we  ereby  recommend,  that  the  "  hxnd  grant"  be  transferred  to  said  company 
to  aid  in  the  construction  of  such  extension  ;  but  in  case  said  company  should  decline  to  enter 
upon  said  project,  then  we  recommend  the  early  organization  of  a  new  company  to  carry  forward 
substantially  such  design  by  constructing  a  road  west  from  the  terminus  of  the  "C,  I.  &  N.  R. 
R."  on  the  Cedar  River,  and  transfer  of  said  "land  grant"  to  such  new  company. 

Resolved,  That  in  carrying  forward  the  object  above  indicated,  we  deem  it  to  be  of  the  utmost 
importance  to  avoid  all  local  and  sectional  jealousy,  to  refrain  from  any  attempt  to  dictate  to  the 
company  which  shall  undertake  the  construction  of  a  railroad  through  our  county  the  line  of  its 
location,  but  are  willing  and  desirous  to  allow  the  directory  of  said  company  to  locate  the  road 
at  their  discretion,  having  due  regard  to  the  general  public  interest,  and  the  best  interest,  present 
and  prospective,  of  the  company. 

Similar  resolutions  were  received  from  the  several  counties  interested  in 
the  project.  The  convention  was  attended  by  the  leading  men  of  Marshall 
and  all  places  along  the  projected  line.  It  was  an  enthusiastic  gathering,  and 
indicated  a  determination  to  succeed. 

Thereafter,  the  Times  was  filled  with  articles  showing  the  advantages  of 
opening  up  trade  with  Cedar  Rapids,  and  encouraging  by  every  conceivable 
argument  the  success  of  the  plan. 

The  following  address  to  the  people  was  issued,  and  cast  broadcast  over  the 
countrv.  It  is  reproduced  entire,  as  an  ample  explanation  of  the  work  pro- 
posed, *^as  well  as  of  the  sentiment  of  the  people  at  the  time : 

To  the  Citizens  of  Linn,  Benton,  Tcfma,  Marshall,  Slori/,  Boone,  Greene,  Carroll,  Crawford  and  Mo- 
nona Counties,  in  the  State  of  Iowa  : 

At  a  convention  of  delegates  representing  the  counties  of  Linn,  Tama,  Marshall,  Boone  and 
Greene,  convened  pursuant  to  notice,  at  the  town  of  Marshall,  on  Wednesday,  the  11th  of  May, 
1859,  for  the  purpose  of  considering  our  railroad  interests,  the  undersigned  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  prepare  an  address  to  the  people  interested,  briefly  stating  the  history  of  railroad 
operations  so  far  as  they  point  westwardly  through  our  tier  of  counties,  furnishing  such  infor- 
mation as  we  could  command  on  the  subject,  and  earnestly  soliciting  the  future  co-operation  of 
the  people  all  along  the  line,  from  the  Cedar  to  the  Missouri,  in  prosecuting  such  plans  as  will 
procure  for  ourselves  the  advantage  of  railroad  facilities  at  the  earliest  practicable  day. 

In  pursuance  of  the  wish  of  the  Convention,  the  undersigned  ask  the  attention  of  those 
into  whose  hands  this  paper  shall  fall,  for  a  few  moments. 

Sometime  in  the  year  1858,  the  "Iowa  Air  Line  Railroad  Company"  was  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  constructing  a  road  from  Sabula,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  westwardly  on  a  straight 
line  (or  nearly  so)  to  the  Missouri.  This  company,  it  was  intended,  should  be  exclusively  an 
Iowa  company,  owned,  controlled  and  built  by  Iowa  men.  The  company  maintained  its  exist- 
ence, but  without  accomplishing  any  substantial  good,  for  nearly  three  years,  when  Congress 
made  a  large  grant  of  public  lands  along  the  line  of  the  proposed  road,  to  the  State  to  aid  in 
constructing  a  road.  The  amount  of  these  lands  is  now  ascertained  to  be  over  600,000  acres. 
There  were  certain  restrictions  and  conditions  imposed  by  Congress,  and,  subject  to  these,  and 
some  others  imposed  by  the  Legislature,  the  lands  were  granted  to  said  company. 

Nearly  all  these  lands  lie  west  of  the  Cedar  River,  and  the  distance  from  the  Mississippi  to 
the  Cedar,  on  the  route  proposed  by  Congress,  although  not  exactly  known  to  us,  is  probably 
nearly  100  miles.  The  Legislature  required  the  company  to  build  twenty  miles  of  the  road,  and 
then  authorized  them  to  sell  twenty  miles  of  the  land,  and  so  on  until  the  road  should  be  com- 
pleted, and  seventy-five  miles  of  the  road  were  to  be  completed  and  equipped  by  the  1st  day  of 
December,  1859. 

A  failure  to' comply  with  the  conditions  would  work  a  forfeiture  of  the  lands  granted,  and 
the  law  provided  for  the  right  of  the  State,  in  such  case,  to  resume  the  control  of  the  lands. 
Spasmodic  efi'orts  have  since  been  made  from  time  to  time,  by  said  company,  to  go  forward  with 
the  work,  and  a  great  deal  of  money  (considerably  over  §1,000,000)  has  been  expended  by  them, 
according  to  their  showing,  yet  not  a  rail  is  laid — and  there  is  no  hope  that  they  will  ever  suc- 
ceed in  their  undertaking.  They  have  delayed  the  work  until  rival  roads  have  been  constructed, 
taken  possession  of  the  field  of  operations,  and  though  not  precisely  on  the  line  of  the  "  Air 
Line  Road,"  they  run  so  close  and  parallel  with  it,  that  the  completion  of  the  road,  even  as  far 
as  the  work  has  been  partially  done  by  the  Air  Line  Company,  is  almost  rendered  unnecessary 
for  the  convenience  of  those  for  whose  benefit  it  is  constructed.  The  company  now  has  scarcely 
enough  vitality  left  to  keep  up  its  legal  existence,  while  its  own  friends  have  abandoned  it  as  a 
hopeless  and  lifeless  thing. 

The  city  of  Lyons,  which  is  at  the  eastern  termiiuis  of  the  road  as  proposed  by  Congress  in 
making  the  land  grant,  and  which  is  more  interested  in  the  concern  than  any  other  town,  has 
rescinded  the  vote  by  which  it  voted  .'540,000  of  its  bonds  to  the  company,  and  other  towns  are 
taking  the  same  course,  and  will  probably  arrive  at  the  same  result. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  413 

It  is  now  very  certain  that  the  Aiv  Line  Company  will  utterly  fair  to  comply  with  the  condi- 
tions of  the  land  grant,  and  the  lands  will  revert  to  the  State. 

But  to  add  to  all  the  disadvantages  which  rest  like  an  incubus  upon  the  affairs  of  that  com- 
pany, recent  investigation  has  disclosed  a  state  of  corruption  and  imbecility,  unparalleled  in  the 
history  of  railroad  enterprise.  The  company  is  without  funds,  witliout  credit,  without  charac- 
ter, and  has  nothing  to  depend  upon  in  the  future  but  the  land  grant,  and  that  is  departing  from 
them  as  rapidly  as  the  present  year  is  passing  away.  It  is  not  probable  that  even  the  existence 
of  the  company  can  be  maintained  for  another  year.  Such,  then,  fellow-citizens,  is  the  brief  his- 
tory of  that  company — the  only  company  to  which  we  in  this  tier  of  counties,  west  of  Cedar, 
have  been  in  the  habit,  until  recently,  of  looking  for  railroad  facilities. 

The  land  grant  was  made  by  Congress  for  the  benefit  of  the  interior  of  the  State,  to  develop 
the  resources  of  these  counties,  and  create  a  demand  for  the  remaining  public  lands  lying  in 
and  near  them.  It  was  made  to  encourage  us  to  settle  in  this  tier  of  counties,  and  many  of  us 
came  here,  not  doubting  but  that  the  liberal  designs  of  the  General  Government  would  be  carried 
out  in  good  faith  by  the  railroad  company  into  whose  hands  these  lands  should  be  placed  by  the 
State.  These  lands  do  not  belong  and  were  never  intended  to  be  given  up  to  the  company  with- 
out an  equivalent  to  us.  They  belong  to  us  virtually,  and  the  State  and  railroad  company  are 
merely  our  trustees.  Since,  then,  it  is  certain  the  Air  Line  Company  will  not  be  able  to  comply 
with  the  conditions  of  the  grant,  and  since  we  are  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  the  last  vestige  of 
hope  from  that  source  has  been  removed  by  the  corruption,  mismanagement  and  delay,  and  even 
next  to  bankruptcy  of  that  company,  it  becomes  our  duty,  as  it  is  our  right,  to  cast  about  us  and 
see  what  our  interest,  under  the  circumstances,  requires  at  our  hands. 

The  only  substantial  and  material  means  within  our  reach  (beyond  a  moderate  subscription 
by  corporations  and  individuals  along  the  line  of  the  railroad)  for  railroad  purposes  are 
the  lands  granted  by  Congress,  and  to  make  them  available,  they  must  be  transferred  from  the 
Air  Line  to  some  other  company.  If  this  disposition  of  the  lands  can  be  procured  at  the  next 
session  of  our  State  Legislature  (and  with  the  consent  of  Congress,  if  that  be  requisite — and  we 
are  unable  to  see  why  such  a  transfer  may  not  be  obtained  if  we  do  our  duty,  and  send  a  proper 
Representative  to  the  capital  next  Winter),  we  have  then  a  good  foundation  laid  for  future  opera- 
tions. Probably  by  the  time  this  circular  reaches  you,  the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad 
will  be  completed  to  Cedar  Rapids,  fully  one-fourth  of  the  distance  to  the  Missouri  River  from 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  probably  more.     Two  plans  are  suggested,  which  we  will  state. 

One  is  to  organize  a  new  company,  to  construct  a  road  from  Cedar  Rapids,  west,  and  the 
other  is  to  unite  our  fortunes  with  the  C,  I.&  N.  R.  R.Co.,andget  them  to  extend  their  road  west, 
and  in  the  event  of  either  of  these  plans  being  adopted,  to  procure  the  transfer  of  the  land  grant 
to  aid  in  the  work. 

It  gives  us  great  personal  pleasure  to  second  the  unanimous  wish  of  the  Convention  we  repre- 
sent, by  recommending  the  extension  of  the  C,  I.  &  N.  Road  in  preference  to  theorganization,of  a 
new  company,  simply  asking  such  proper  representation  in  the  directory  as  will  protect  our 
interests. 

We  the  more  heartily  indorse  this  plan  because  of  the  entire  confidence  we  feel  in  the 
integrity  and  soundness  of  the  company.  The  company  which,  in  the  space  of  three  years,  by 
almost  unaided  private  enterprise,  and  in  the  midst  of  strong  competition  and  bitter  opposition 
arising  from  local  jealousies,  and  during  these  unparalleled  hard  times,  has  completed  and 
equipped  eighty  miles  of  road  is  entitled  to  our  confidence,  and  unquestionably  stands  well  with  the 
commercial  and  financial  world ;  and  this  confidence  is  not  a  little  heightened  by  a  comparison 
of  its  operations  with  its  once  great  but  now  dead  rival. 

The  C,  I.  &  N.  R.  R.  completed  to  Cedar  Rapids,  and  fully  equipped  and  furnished  with 
rolling  stock,  cost  less  than  $1,500,000,  while  nearly  all  that  amount  has  already  been  expended 
by  the  Air  Line  Company,  and  not  a  single  foot  of  their  road  is  completed  or  likely  soon  to  be.  No 
present  inhabitant  of  these  counties  can  hope  to  live  to  see  the  Air  Line  completed  at  the  past 
rate  of  its  construction  ;  and  we  are  confident  that  the  whole  State  is  not  able  to  foot  the  cost  of 
it,  at  the  rate  of  expenditure  heretofore  indulged  in  by  its  directory.  The  record  of  the  latter 
company  is  one  of  weakness  and  folly,  not  to  say  crime,  resulting  in  nothing  but  blasted  hopes 
and  ruined  fortunes,  while  the  history  of  the  former  is  a  record  of  wisdom,  economy  and  enter- 
prise eminently  crowned  with  success. 

Another  reason  for  indorsing  this  plan  is  that  the  line  will  be  continuous,  and  under  one 
directory,  leaving  no  opportunity  for  conflicting  interest  and  jealousy.  This  is  no  small  matter, 
but  taken  in  connection  with  the  well  established  reputation  and  untainted  credit  of  the  company, 
is  a  conclusive  and  irresistible  argument  in  favor  of  the  plan  proposed.  No  new  company  could 
hope  to  start  under  such  favorable  auspices. 

The  resources  which  we  along  the  line,  with  the  aid  of  the  land  grant,  could  bring  into  the 
field  of  operations,  added  to  the  strength,  credit  and  experience  of  the  C,  I.  &  N.  R.  R.  Co., 
with  its  eighty-two  miles  of  road  in  complete  operation,  would  insure  the  completion  of  our  road 
sooner  than  we  could  possibly  hope  for  one  from  any  other  source,  or  by  any  other  scheme. 

If  we  but  regard  our  own  interest  we  conceive  that  no  time  will  be  lost  in  bringing  ourselves 
at  once  square  up  to  the  work  in  prosecuting  the  plan  proposed.  Let  us  go  to  work  energetically 
and  make  the  necessary  sacrifice  of  present  time  and  expenses  for  the  future  public  good.     Let 


414  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

us  see  to  it  that  our  Representatives  at  Des  Moines  next  Winter  are  with  us,  and  men  of  intelli- 
gence and  influence.  Let  us  avoid  all  sectional  and  local  jealousy  and  contest  for  rival  interests, 
resting  satisfied  if  the  common  good  of  the  counties  along  the  line  is  kept  in  view.  Let  us  do  all 
these,  and  it  will  not  be  long  until  we  have  a  railroad  and  markets.  The  undeveloped  wealth  of 
this  part  of  Iowa  will  be  made  known  to  the  Eastern  world,  and  with  an  increased  population  and 
growth  in  material  wealth,  we  shall  advance  to  a  higher  civilization  and  enter  upon  a  career  of 
unexampled  prosperity. 

It  has  been  agreed  to  hold  a  convention  at  Cedar  Rapids  on  the  13th  of  June  next,  for  the 
purpose  of  inaugurating  the  proposed  plan  of  operations,  at  which  it  is  expected  that  a  large 
number  of  the  Eastern  stockholders  and  heavy  capitalists  who  are  interested  in  the  C,  I.  &  N.  R. 
R.  will  be  present.  It  is  very  important  that  every  county  along  the  line  shall  be  represented, 
and  it  is  recommended  that  five  delegates  be  sent  from  each  county. 

Two  delegates  have  already  been  appointed  from  each  of  the  counties  of  Tama,  Marshall, 
Boone  and  Greene.  These  were  appointed  at  the  convention  at  Marshall,  on  the  11th  inst. 
Three  more  are  to  be  selected  by  each  of  said  counties,  and  a  delegation  of  five  from  each  of  the 
other  counties  on  the  line,  and  we  hope  the  people  will  take  hold  of  the  matter,  appoint  their 
strongest,  most  active  and  influential  men,  and  those  who  will  attend  most  certainly.  Let  there 
be  a  full  attendance  from  each  county  at  Cedar  Rapids  on  the  13th  of  June.  Consider  the 
importance  of  the  undertaking  and  govern  yourselves  accordingly. 

W.   W.  Walker, 
H.  0.  Henderson, 

Committee. 

Pursuant  to  the  call,  a  convention  was  held  in  Cedar  Rapids  June  11, 
1859.  Marshall  County  was  represented  by  Messrs.  James  Allman,  H.  S. 
Patrick,  T.  V.  W.  Young,  Thomas  Schofield  and  H.  C.  Henderson. 

The  result  of  that  meeting  was  the  formation  of  a  new  corporation  for  the 
purpose  of  supplanting  the  old  Air  Line  Company.  The  following  gentlemen 
were  chosen  Directors :  Robert  M.  Rippey,  Greene  County  ;  G.  M.  Woodbury, 
Marshall  County  ;  L.  C.  Sanders,  Boone  County ;  A.  D.  Stephens,  Benton 
County ;  James  Hawthorne,  Story  County ;  John  Weare  and  John  F.  Ely, 
Linn  County;  James  W.  Graham  and  W.  C  Salisbury,  Tama  County;  Mr. 
Dennison,  Crawford  County  ;  John  Bertram  of  Salem,  Mass.;  Oakes  Ames, 
Boston ;  L.  B.  Crocker,  Oswego ;  John  Wentworth  and  Charles  Walker,  of 
Chicago.  The  officers  chosen  were:  President  L.  B.  Crocker;  Vice  President, 
G.  M.  Woodbury  ;  Treasurer,  John  Weare  ;  Secretary,  W.  W.  Walker ;  Exec- 
utive Committee — L.  B.  Crocker,  G.  M.  Woodbury,  John  Weare,  John  F.  Ely 
and  W.  C.  Salisbury. 

The  new  company  naturally  encountered  great  opposition  from  the  elements 
favorable  to  the  old  Air  Line  road.  In  August,  1859,  we  find  that  Mr.  Wood- 
bury felt  called  upon  to  issue  the  following  circular  as  an  excitant : 

The  time  has  arrived  for  the  people  of  the  counties  on  and  near  the  42d  parallel  of  latitude 
to  arouse  themselves  to  earnest  action  in  one  great  and  united  ettbrt  to  save  the  Government 
lands  donated  to  this  State  to  aid  in  building  a  railroad  on  this  parallel,  and  making  them  avail- 
able to  the  legitimate  objects  for  which  they  were  granted. 

The  delegates  which  these  counties  sent  to  the  convention  held  at  Cedar  Rapids  on  the  13th 
of  June,  after  carefully  considering  the  whole  subject,  made  the  organization  of  this  new  com- 
pany, called  the  Cedar  Valley  I'v:  Missouri  Rail  Road  Company. 

The  embarrassed,  if  not  insolvent  and  bankrupt,  condition  of  the  Iowa  Central  Air  Line 
Company,  made  it  evident  to  the  Convention  that  that  company  could  not  build  the  road  if  let 
alone;  and  it  was  believed  unsafe  and  hazardous  in  the  extreme  for  individuals  or  counties  to 
make  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  that  company,  lest  their  whole  assets  should  be  sold  on  out- 
standing obligations,  which  still  exist  to  more  than  half  a  million  of  dollars,  without  any  means 
of  payment.  Nor  was  the  embarrassment  of  the  com])any  the  only  objection  to  its  being  made 
again  the  favored  recipient,  from  the  State  Legislature,  of  the  lands  granted  by  Congress  to  aid 
this  line  of  road ;  objections  far  more  fatal  and  alarming  to  the  minds  of  that  convention  came 
up  in  such  force  as  to  compel  them  not  only  to  withhold  their  confidence  and  support  from  the 
Iowa  Central  Company,  but  to  take  the  most  active  and  prompt  measures  to  dispossess  that  com- 
pany of  the  use  and  perversions  of  the  lands  which  it  was  their  policy  and  intention  to  make. 

They  originally  designed  to  use  the  lands,  which  are  all  west  of  the  Cedar,  and  mostly  west 
of  the  Des  Moines,  to  build  the  road  commencing  on  the  Mississippi ;  but  they  now  propose  to 
begin  at  Anamosa,  some  thirty  or  forty  miles  east  of  the  ('edar,  and  apply  the  lands  first  to  the 
cost  of  that  portion  of  the  road,  by  which  it  appeai-ed  that  there  being  only  lands  enough  to  apply 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  415 

to  170  miles  of  the  road,  they  would  become  exhausted  when  they  should  reach  the  valley  of  the 
Des  Moines,  and  the  State  thereby  be  deprived  of  a  through  road  to  the  Missouri ;  and  the 
people  west  of  the  Des  Moines  would  be  compelled  to  see  their  own  lands  taken  to  build  a  road 
«ast  of  the  Cedar,  to  compete  with  the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska,  which  is  now  in  operation 
to  Cedar  Rapids,  on  a  line  ten  miles  shorter,  and  fifteen  feet  lower  maximum  grade,  to  the  Cedar 
River  than  the  I.  C.  line. 

If,  therefore,  the  Iowa  Central  Company  could  carry  out  their  design,  they  should  not  be 
permitted  to  do  so  unless  they,  too,  would  begin  at  Cedar  Rapids,  in  connection  with  the  Chicago, 
Iowa  &  Nebraska  road,  and  extend  that  better  line  and  better  grade  through  the  State;  and,  even 
under  the  change  of  policy,  they  should  be  required  to  cancel  their  old  obligations,  stocks  and 
bonds,  and  to  come  before  the  Legislature  with  clean  hands  and  honest  faces  and  ask  again  the 
confidence  of  the  people. 

The  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad  Company  have,  in  the  face  of  and  under  the 
shadow  of  this  land  grant,  built  their  road  during  the  past  three  years  as  an  extension  of  the 
Galena  &  Chicago  Union  line,  due  west  from  Chicago  to  Cedar  Rapids,  and  these  two  strong  and  well- 
managed  companies  now  turn  their  attention  to  this  further  extension  of  their  line  from  Cedar 
Rapids  to  the  Missouri,  stating  in  the  Convention  that  they  were  ready  to  co-operate  with  any 
company  of  honest  men  who  would  organize  and  begin  this  road  at  Cedar  Rapids,  clean  from 
debt  and  uncontaminated  with  frauds,  and  with  an  earnest  and  honest  elFort  to  build  it  with 
promptness  and  economy — that  such  a  company  could,  with  all  confidence,  look  to  them  or  their 
stockholders  for  such  aid  and  support  as  was  in  their  power  to  render. 

These  two  Eastern  companies  desired  the  business  of  Central  Iowa  to  pass  over  their  roads 
to  and  from  the  East,  and,  to  obtain  this  advantage,  they  were  ready  to  do  their  part  in  prepar- 
ing a  basis  of  progress. 

The  wisdom  and  even  necessity  of  the  organization  of  this  new  company  must  therefore  be 
Apparent  to  every  intelligent  mind. 

We  have  slumbered  too  long  already  in  passive  acquiescence  in  the  policy  and  plans  of  the 
Iowa  Central  Company  ;  we  must  now  come  together  of  one  accord  in  defense  of  our  rights  and 
interests.  We  want  a  great  commercial  avenue  through  our  State.  The  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Ne- 
braska have  built  one-fourth  of  the  distance  without  Government  lands  or  State  aid.  Congress 
has  recognized  our  necessities.  Let  the  State  now  do  her  part.  We,  who  are  the  interested 
parties,  have  organized  a  company  of  honest  men  from  amongst  ourselves  to  receive  the  Government 
lands,  as  we  shall  build  the  road  in  good  faith,  and  this  company  will  demand  of  the  Legislature  their 
■confidence  and  support,  and  the  people  of  the  counties  on  or  near  the  42d  parallel  should  demand 
of  every  candidate  for  legislative  honors  a  pledge  that  he  will  make  the  grant  of  the  Government 
lands  to  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  Company  the  object  of  his  most  earnest  efforts,  and 
ithe  completion  of  a  railroad,  as  designed  by  this  company,  the  object  of  his  deep  solicitude. 

G.  M.  Woodbury,  V.  P.  C.  R.  ^  M.  R.  R.  Co. 

As  the  question  of  transferring  the  land  grant  from  the  Air  Line  to  the  new 
company  would  come  up  in  the  Legislature  in  1860,  the  matter  was  made  a 
political  one  at  the  election  in  the  Fall  of  1859.  The  "  People's  Ticket  "  con- 
tained the  name  of  William  Bremner,  who  was  nominated  with  the  express 
understanding  that  he  would  favor  the  transfer,  as  he  honestly  and  consistently 
•could  do.     He  was  opposed  by  Mr.  Boardman. 

The  Senator  from  the  Thirty-fourth  District  was  A.  M.  Pattison,  of  Marshall 
County,  opposed  to  Mr.  Gifford. 

Mr.  Bremner's  majority  was  323  ;  Mr.  Pattison's  was  342. 

The  session  of  the  Legislature  was  an  animated  one.  The  lobby  was  strong 
and  active  on  both  sides,  and  the  events  of  that  year  were  remembered  by  all 
who  were  in  the  least  concerned  in  railroad  affairs.  Marshall  County  felt  a 
greater  interest  in  the  proceedings  than  is  usually  the  case,  because  the  question 
of  abolishing  the  County  Judge  system  of  government  was  also  before  the  Leg- 
islature. 

The  new  corporation,  which  was  called  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River 
Railroad  Company,  did  not  have  undisputed  control  of  the  field.  When  it 
became  apparent  that  the  Air  Line  had  not  sufficient  vitality  to  resist  the  attack 
of  the  C.  R.  &  M.  R.  Co.,  it  was  proposed  to  save  the  franchise  and  local  aid 
along  the  first  surveyed  line,  from  Anamosa,  Marion,  Marietta,  etc.,  to  the 
river,  by  the  formation  of  a  new  company,  to  be  called  the  Dubuque,  Marion  & 
Western  Railroad  Company.     This  project  received  considerable  support  from 


416  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

the  towns  that  would  be  left  out  in  the  cold  by  the  success  of  the  C.  R.  &  M.  R. 
Co.  The  lobby  waxed  warm,  and  the  delegations  from  all  parts  of  the  State 
concerned  in  the  matter  continued  to  increase.  The  Air  Line  had  by  this  time 
lost  the  last  trace  of  life,  and  the  struggle  was  over  the  distribution  of  the  estate 
of  the  defunct  company.  The  relative  merits  of  the  lines  East  via  Dubu(i[ue 
and  Clinton  formed  the  topic  of  many  a  newspaper  article  and  public  speech  at 
this  time. 

On  the  24th  of  March,  1860,  the  bill  transferring  the  land  grant  to  the  C. 
R.  &  M.  R.  Company  passed  the  Legislature.  The  bill  was  approved  by  the 
Governor  and  became  a  law. 

The  town  of  Marshall  owes  its  success  in  this  matter  to  Mr.  Woodbury  more 
than  to  any  other  individual.  He  was  untiring  in  his  labors  to  secure  the 
passage  of  the  bill,  and  devoted  his  whole  time  to  work  at  the  capital  that  Win- 
ter. The  people  of  this  section  speak  in  unanimous  praise  of  his  indefatigable 
labor  in  their  interest. 

As  an  interesting  reminiscence  of  this  time,  we  quote  the  following  editorial 
from  the  Chicago  Press  and  Tribune  of  April,  1860.  Only  eighteen  years 
have  passed  since  the  article  was  written  in  the  metropolis  of  the  West,  but  how 
great  has  been  the  development  of  the  Far  West  since  these  predictions  were 
made  : 

The  President,  Hon.  L.  B.  Crocker,  of  Oswego ;  the  Treasvirer,  John  Weare,  Esq.,  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  other  gentlemen  interested  in  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  Railroad,  are  in  this 
city,  and  from  them  we  learn  that  the  land  grant  recently  transferred  from  the  old  Iowa  Central 
Air  Line  to  this  company,  is  larger  than  was  expected.  Within  fifteen  miles  of  the  line,  a  large 
amount  of  lands  were  pre-empted  previous  to  1858,  which  will  be  forfeited  and  made  available  to 
the  company.  They  believe  that  the  lands  thus  granted  and  made  available  for  building  the  road 
will  amount  to  1,000,000  of  acres.  The  landsare  entirely  unencumbered,  and  if  properly  managed, 
as  we  have  not  the  least  doubt  they  will  be,  they  are  worth  more  than  the  road  will  cost.  Re- 
sponsible parties  stand  ready  to  build  the  230  miles  of  road,  depots,  water  tanks,  etc.,  for$15,000^ 
per  mile.  That  would  amount  to  |3, 450,000,  while  the  lands  can  be  made  to  realize  at  least 
$5,000,000.     That  certainly  will  be  sufficient  to  build  and  equip  the  road. 

The  building  of  60  miles  of  road  will  carry  it  through  the  counties  of  Benton  and  Tama,  and 
into  Marshall.  The  two  last  are  among  the  best  cultivated  and  the  richest  counties  in  Iowa.  Those 
best  acquainted  with  their  population  and  resources  believe  that  they  will  furnish  sufficient 
business  to  make  the  road  pay. 

We  need  not  argue  here  the  importance  of  this  new  road  to  the  Missouri,  to  our  city  and  to 
the  Galena  Air  Line  Railroad.  Let  any  of  our  readers  take  a  map  and  they  will  find  it  on  the- 
direct  line  to  Pike's  Peak  ;  and  if  it  were  done  to-day,  Chicago  would  command  the  lion's  share  of 
the  trade  in  spite  of  all  opposition.  We  are  glad  to  know  that  the  officers  of  the  Cedar  Rapids 
and  Galena  roads  are  to  have  a  conference  the  present  week,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  the  whole 
matter  will  be  laid  before  the  stockholders  of  the  latter  road,  and  that  it  will  be  so  carefully  dis- 
cussed, that  when  they  come  together  in  .Tune,  they  will  be  ready  to  take  hold  of  this  new  road 
in  right  good  earnest,  and  build  the  line  as  fast  as  men  and  money  can  do  it.  We  hope  also  that 
our  own  capitalists  will  be  willing  to  do  something  effective  foward  the  building  of  this  280 
miles,  and  thus  secure  to  our  city  the  rich  trade  of  Pike's  Peak  and  the  Upper  Missouri  for  all 
time  to  come. 

Could  the  money  be  properly  assessed  upon  our  capitalists  and  business  men,  Chicago  could 
aflFord  to  build  half  of  the  road  within  the  next  eighteen  months,  and  make  a  splendid  operation 
by  it,  if  she  never  received  a  dollar  of  interest  or  principal  from  the  investment.  Let  any  one 
study  the  map  for  ten  minutes  in  view  of  the  flourishing  communities  which  must  soon  be  in  the 
Platte  Valley,  and  the  untold  riches  of  Pike's  Peak,  and  tlie  new  State  soon  to  beorganized  there, 
and,  withal,  the  richness  and  extent  of  the  valley  of  the  Upper  .Missouri,  and  he  will  be  convinced 
that  we  have  not  overstated  the  importance  of  this  road  to  the  stockholders  of  the  Galena  Road. 
and  to  the  trade  of  Ciiicago.       Will  our  citizens  take  the  time  to  examine  the  important  subject  ? 

At  this  time  began  the  earnest  work  of  influencing  the  people  to  co-operate 
in  favor  of  the  road.  Meetings  were  held  along  the  line,  and  all  measure^ 
adopted  to  overcome  the  general  feeling  of  distrust  caused  by  the  dishonest  con- 
duct of  the  old  Air  Line  Company.  Chicago  and  Eastern  capitalists  took  great 
interest  in  the  project,  but  the  times  were  not  of  the  best  for  public  measures, 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  41T 

and  the  experience  of  the  managers  of  the  scheme  was  far  from  encouraging. 
Like  all  other  great  undertakings,  the  work  progressed  slowly.  During  the 
Summer  we  notice  that  the  people  needed  constant  exhortation  to  keep  from 
lagging.  The  exciting  campaign  of  1860  began,  and  nothing  else  was  thought 
of     Politics  ran  high  and  absorbed  public  attention. 

In  October,  the  Times  remarked  that  the  "railroad  prospects  Avere  brighten- 
ing," and  urged  renewed  efforts  on  the  part  of  the  people.  Again,  on  the  10th 
of  that  month,  the  Times  said  :  "  The  subscriptions  to  the  capital  stock  of  the 
C.  R.  &  M.  R.  Railroad  are  getting  along  finely,"  and  advocated  subscrip- 
tions in  such  amounts  as  could  be  afforded  by  the  people.  It  remarked,  "  Let 
every  man  and  woman  bear  in  mind  that  whatever  is  done  must  be  done 
now." 

January  23,  1861,  the  Times  "  stops  the  press  "  to  announce,  in  large 
type,  and  with  a  spread-eagle  over  the  article,  the  "glorious  news"  that  Maf- 
shalltown  has  been  definitely  chosen  as  the  point  in  this  county  to  be  touched 
by  the  road.  "  The  contract  has  been  let  to  responsible  Eastern  men,  and  will 
be  built  as  fast  as  men  and  money  can  do  it.  A  happy  future  awaits  us.  Hip, 
hip,  hurrah  !  "  shouts  the  gratified  editor. 

In  1860,  the  surveys  were  made  west  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  grading  was 
done.  In  1861,  forty  miles  of  iron  were  laid,  taking  the  track  to  Chelsea, 
Tama  County.  The  next  year,  1862,  early  in  January,  the  first  train  ran  into 
Marshalltown.  There  was  an  intense  excitement  over  the  event,  and  proper 
observance  of  it  was  made.  Exercises  were  held  in  this  city,  and  excur- 
sionists came  out  from  Chicago  to  join  them.  Marshalltowners  returned  the 
compliment  by  going  back  with  their  city  friends,  and  a  jolly  season  was 
passed. 

The  work  was  pushed  steadily  and  persistently  west  of  this  city,  and  was 
completed  to  Council  BluflFs  in  February,  1867.  The  last  150  miles  of  the  road 
was  graded  and  the  iron  laid  in  275  days.  This  rapid  work  was  done  in  order 
to  earn  a  donation  offered  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  of  $75,000 
provided  the  road  reached  the  Missouri  River  by  April,  1867.  It  was  com- 
pleted two  months  before  that  time,  and  it  was  then  considered  a  great  feat  in 
railroad  building. 

This  was  the  first  road  built  across  the  State  to  the  Missouri  River,  and  a 
large  portion  of  the  materials  for  the  construction  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
was  transported  over  the  line.  The  principal  offices  of  the  company  are  at 
Cedar  Rapids. 

The  officers  of  the  company  are :  Horace  Williams,  President ;  Frederick 
Nickerson,  Vice  President ;  P.  E.  Hall,  Secretary ;  D.  P.  Kimball,  Treasurer 
and  Register  of  Stock ;  J.  Van  Deventer,  Assistant  Treasurer ;  George  T. 
Crandell,  Auditor. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  company  is :  Common  stock,  $6,850,400 ;  seven 
per  cent,  preferred  stock,  $769,600  ;  first  mortgage  seven  per  cent,  bonds, 
$3,614,000  ;  dividends  on  stock,  February  and  August. 

The  Cedar  Eapids  cf  Missouri  River  Railroad  is  leased  to  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  Road,  and  in  connection  with  the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska, 
forms  the  Iowa  Division  of  the  North-Western  Road.  Steel  rails  have  been  laid 
on  the  whole  road,  and  it  is  said  to  be  not  only  the  best  managed  road  in  the 
State,  but  it  is  also  claimed  that  it  is  the  smoothest  and  best  in  the  West.  It 
does  a  very  large  passenger  and  freight  business.  The  management  have  made 
it  popular  with  the  people  along  the  line,  and  eventually  it  will  be  the  principal 
east  and  west  road  in  the  State. 


418  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


THE    CENTRAL    RAILROAD    OF    IOWA. 

In  January,  1866,  Messrs.  Piatt  Smith,  J.  K.  Graves  and  C.  C.  Oilman, 
of  Dubuque,  and  George  and  William  Greene,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  incorporated 
under  the  general  laws  of  the  State,  the  "Eldora  Railroad  and  Coal  Com- 
pany," for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a  line  of  railway  from  Ackley,  a  station 
on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  R.  R.,  133  miles  west  of  Dubuque,  southward  to 
Eldora,  the  county  seat  of  Hardin  County,  and  then  supposed  to  be  in  the 
center  of  the  Hardin  County  coal  fields.  The  road  was  to  be  seventeen  miles 
long.  The  company  was  empowered  to  mine  and  ship  coal,  as  well  as  operate 
the  railroad  to  the  beds  referred  to. 

The  people  of  Eldora  and  Steamboat  Rock  offered  inducements  for  the 
rapid  completion  of  the  work.  The  right  of  way  and  1,000  acres  of  coal  fields 
were  donated  to  the  project.  In  December,  twelve  miles  of  the  iron  was  laid, 
taking  the  track  to  Steamboat  Rock.  Meanwhile,  the  Sioux  City  Railroad, 
which  encouraged  the  scheme,  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  and  the  latter  company  impeded  the  progress  of  the  work  by  a  series 
of  petty  annoyances. 

The  little  railroad  company  began  to  falter.  A  large  amount  of  money  had 
been  put  into  the  enterprise,  and  the  individual  credit  of  its  projectors  was 
pledged  for  the  ironing  and  equipment  of  the  line.  The  road  was  partly  built, 
but  the  larger  road  upon  which  they  had  depended  for  support,  and  which  they 
expected  to  be  used  as  a  feeder  to,  was  in  the  hands  of  men  opposed  to  the  plan. 
At  this  point,  Mr.  Gilman,  President  of  the  Company,  bought  out  the  other 
parties  in  interest,  and  completed  the  remaining  five  miles  to  Eldora.  Mr. 
Gilman  was  aided  by  F.  W.  H.  Sheffield,  of  Dubuque,  A.  L.  Hatch  and  H.  P. 
Liscomb,  of  New  York.  These  gentlemen  induced  Eastern  capitalists  to  exam- 
ine the  work,  and  in  1868,  a  party  of  Baltimore  gentlemen  invested  money 
therein. 

It  was  resolved  to  extend  the  line  to  Marshalltown,  then  a  place  of  some 
4,000  inhabitants,  and  there  intersect  the  Chicago  &  North-Western,  which  was 
operating  the  line  of  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  The  new 
plan  was  at  once  carried  out,  under  the  name  of  the  Iowa  River  Railway  Com- 
pany, and  the  line  extended  twenty-nine  miles.  The  corporation  was  allowed 
to  build  a  road  north  and  south  across  the  State,  as  near  as  practicable  to  the 
16th  degree  of  longitude.  Stock  to  the  amount  of  $30,000,  and  bonds  to  the 
amount  of  ^16,000,  per  mile  were  authorized  on  each  completed  mile  of  road. 
The  old  franchise  was  sold  to  the  new  company.  The  coal  mining  rights  passed 
to  the  Eldora  Coal  Mining  Company. 

Mr.  Gilman  was  President ;  and  Horace  Abbott,  Thomas  Kennett  and  John 
S.  Gilman,  of  Baltimore;  H.  P.  Liscomb,  of  New  York;  H.  L.  Huff,  Wells  S. 
Rice,  of  Marshalltown;  H.  L.  Stout  and  F.  W.  H.  Sheffield,  of  Dubuque,  con- 
stituted the  Directory.  Mr.  Liscomb  died  soon  after,  and  Isaac  Hyde,  Jr.,  of 
New  York,  succeeded  him. 

Full  authority  was  given  the  President  to  build  the  road  to  Marshalltown, 
and  to  negotiate  for  funds.  The  people  along  the  line  responded  nobly  to  the 
appeals  for  aid.  Marshalltown  donated,  in  various  ways,  over  $60,000;  and 
Albion,  with  but  500  inhabitants,  raised  over  $20,000.  The  line  was  located 
through  those  places  in  this  county,  and  at  once  pushed  to  completion  by 
Greene,  Rowley  &  Co.,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  contractors. 

The  Iowa  Central  Company  had  already  surveyed  a  line  about  thirty  miles 
east  of  Marshalltown,  and   the   vigor   of  the   new   corporation   surprised   and 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  419 

pleased  it.  But  little  work  had  been  done  by  the  Central  at  the  north  end,  but 
some  sixty  miles  had  been  graded  south  of  Oskaloosa,  at  the  southern  end. 
The  managers  of  the  road  had  been  disappointed  in  the  matter  of  help,  and 
were  willing  to  co-operate  with  the  Iowa  River  Company.  Propositions  were 
made  and  accepted,  which  led  to  the  formation  of  a  new  corporation,  called  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  and  the  union  of  the  two  forces.  This  resulted  in 
the  completion  of  the  present  line  of  road,  which  opens  up  directly  and  by  connec- 
tion with  other  roads,  a  vast  region  of  magnificent  country,  and  brings  St. 
Paul  and  St.  Louis  into  close  relations. 

The  completion  of  the  road  was  effected  to  Marshalltown  in  January,  1870, 
and  was  the  occasion  of  great  rejoicing  by  the  people. 

The  history  of  this  railroad,  in  its  alternations  of  prosperity  and  pecuniary 
straits,  is  not  properly  a  subject  for  consideration  here.  Having  traced  the 
rise  and  progress  of  the  scheme  to  its  successful  completion,  so  far  as  the  con- 
struction of  the  line  to  and  beyond  Marshalltown  is  concerned,  we  leave  the 
matter  for  elaboration  in  other  works  written  for  the  especial  benefit  of  those 
who  are  pecuniarily  interested  in  the  profits  of  the  business. 

Marshalltown  owes,  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  road,  a  debt  of  gratitude 
to  her  esteemed  townsman,  G.  M.  Woodbury,  whose  name  is  indissolubly  asso- 
ciated with  all  the  important  measures  adopted  or  proposed  by  the  town. 

OTHER    RAILROAD    PROJECTS 

have  been  offered  from  time  to  time,  but  do  not  form  any  part  of  the  actual 
history  of  this  county.  The  plans  of  speculators  or  capitalists  are  not  within 
the  province  of  this  work,  and  we  therefore  refrain  from  naming  any  but  the  roads 
actually  operated  within  the  limits  of  Marshall  County. 


FACTS  AND  INCIDENTS. 

The  first  party  of  settlers,  after  the  location  of  Davidson,  consisted  of  Joseph 
Cooper,  David  E.  Cooper,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  John  Campbell  and  Dr.  E.  B. 
Bush.  They  reached  Timber  Creek  on  the  13th  day  of  March,  1848,  and 
there  camped  for  the  night.  On  the  morning  of  the  14th,  they  concluded  to 
examine  the  country  before  making  claims.  They  went  north  past  the  present 
site  of  Marshalltown,  and  reached  the  river  below  Marietta.  Thence  the  party 
proceeded  up  the  river,  and  part  of  them  stayed  with  Dr.  Bush,  who  had  made 
a  claim  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  county,  as  is  shown  fully  elsewhere. 
D.  E.  Cooper  remained  overnight  with  Curtis  Dooley,  who  worked  with  Joab 
Bennett,  parties  who  settled  in  that  vicinity,  but  who  never  became  citizens  of 
the  county,  as  they  remained  but  a  short  time. 

On  the  morning  of  the  15th,  the  party  went  up  to  the  west  fork  of  the  Iowa 
River,  but  found  no  site  that  pleased  them  as  well  as  the  original  selection  on 
Timber  Creek.  On  the  18th  of  March,  these  men  made  claims  on  the  site  first 
chosen,  by  blazing  trees  and  driving  stakes. 

The  country  was  green  with  grass  at  that  early  season  of  the  year.  In  all 
directions  the  fresh  growth  of  herbage  was  beautiful  to  the  eye,  and  the  pioneers 
agreed  in  calling  this  a  lovely  region.     Game  was  abundant. 

The  party  returned  to  Jasper  County,  and  prepared  to  return  to  Marshall 
as  soon  as  possible.  By  April  1st,  the  little  band  came  on,  and  this  time  W.  C. 
Smith,  William  Springer  and  J.  F.  M.  Cooper  accompanied  them.  The  Coopers 
brought  in  an  ox  team,  and  Smith  had  a  horse  team.  These  were  the  first 
teams  in  the  county. 


420  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

In  1848-50,  the  pioneers  of  Marshall  were  compelled  to  go  to  Oskaloosa  for 
their  stores.  A  little  trading  place  was  opened  in  Newton,  in  1848-9,  but  no 
reliance  could  be  placed  on  it.  In  1851-3,  the  natural  channel  of  trade  opened 
up  to  Iowa  City,  and  continued  there  until  the  railroad  drew  the  custom  toward 
Cedar  Rapids,  in  1858-9. 

The  milling  privileges  were  very  crude  in  1849,  as  has  been  shown.  One 
day,  Francis  M.  Cooper  and  William  Asher  took  two  bushels  of  corn  to  the  first 
mill  built  in  the  county,  and  concluded  to  wait  for  it.  They  went  into  the  tim- 
ber and  hunted  for  bee  trees  until  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  five  hours  after 
they  handed  in  their  grist,  and  when  they  returned  there  was  still  half  a  bushel 
of  corn  in  the  hopper. 

The  mill  on  Timber  Creek,  a  year  later,  was  not  much  better.  Charles 
Brennicke,  who  bought  the  property  in  the  early  '50's,  used  to  make  it  a  rule 
that  those  who  came  with  grists  should  work  upon  the  farm  while  he  ground 
the  corn.  The  time  given  to  grinding  was  so  long  that  there  was  no  profit  in 
it.      So  the  men  who  went  to  mill  had  to  pay  double  for  the  privilege. 

John  Haines  brought  the  first  threshing  machine  into  the  county  in  1854. 
He  had  a  monopoly  of  the  business,  and  literally  wore  out  his  machine.  He 
charged  $6  to  set  the  thresher,  or  six  cents  per  bushel  if  more  than  100 
bushels  were  turned  out.  Farmers  used  to  club  together  and  make  one  thresh- 
ing of  it. 

The  first  grain  or  produce  bought  and  shipped  was  probably  in  1854, 
although  it  was  several  years  later  that  this  trade  assumed  respectable  propor- 
tions. Not  until  the  railroad  approached  the  county,  in  1859  or  1860,  did  the 
farmers  realize  much  for  their  grain. 

The  first  corn  grown  was  raised  by  Davidson,  but  we  were  unable  to  satisfy 
ourself  about  the  first  field  of  wheat. 

In  the  Fall  of  1848,  Alvin  Adkins,  William  Campbell,  Emanuel  Anderson 
and  Francis  M.  Cooper  took  a  fishing  trip  from  the  Cooper-Ferguson  settlement 
on  Timber  Creek  to  the  present  site  of  Woodbury's  Mill,  on  the  river  north  of 
Marshall.  They  stopped  on  the  site  of  the  town  and  played  "seven-up  "'  for 
their  fish,  on  their  way  home.  The  river  was  alive  with  all  the  varieties  of 
the  finny  tribe  peculiar  to  such  waters,  and  the  stake  played  for  was  a  large 
one. 

An  incident  is  related  of  Thomas  Pearson,  who  located  in  Bangor  Township. 
In  the  Winter  of  1848-49,  he  attempted  to  cross  the  prairie  from  near  the  pres- 
ent site  of  Bangor,  on  his  way  to  Newton,  Jasper  County.  The  snow  was  veiy 
deep  and  the  weather  exceedingly  cold.  He  traveled  Indian  fashion,  on  snow 
shoes.  He  lost  his  way  and  wandered  desperately  on,  knowing  that  there  was 
no  aid  in  any  direction  but  by  the  one  he  desired  to  make.  If  he  traveled  west 
or  north,  he  went  farther  and  farther  away  from  succor.  Fortune  favored  him, 
for  by  mere  chance  he  chose  the  right  course.  When  night  came  he  made  a 
huge  fire  in  the  edge  of  a  grove,  and  remained  until  morning.  He  was  nearly 
frozen  to  death,  but  succeeded  in  reaching  Newton  before  sundown,  and  thus 
escaped  a  terrible  fate. 

The  following  is  the  second  list  of  grand  jurors  chosen  in  this  county  : 
John  M.  Whitaker,  George  B.  Derbin,  Edward  Edwards,  Isaac  Myers,  James 
Asher,  F.  M.  Clifton,  Green  B.  S.  Ralls,  William  E.  Stout,  Thomas  S.  Brown, 
Riley  Meyers,  Blakely  Brush,  Thomas  M.  Womberly,  Hiram  Lackey,  Mahlon 
Woodward,  James  Pearson,  Wells  Titcomb,  Richard  Westlake,  James  F.  West- 
wood,  Ayers  H.  Elsbury,  Lewis  H.  Ketchum,  Allen  Steele,  Hosea  J.  Dean,  John 
B.  Hobbs. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  421 

A  story  is  told  of  the  time  of  the  terrible  rain  storm,  which  occurred  near 
Albion  in  1853  or  thereabouts.  The  bottom  lands  south  of  the  new  village 
were  covered  with  water,  and  the  wind  blew  frightfully.  Judge  Hobbs  lived 
on  the  Swearengen  farm  and  had  but  one  neighbor  between  his  house  and  the 
village. 

That  memorable  night,  at  about  3  o'clock,  the  Judge  was  awakened  by  the 
sudden  appearance  of  his  neighbor,  who  burst  in  through  the  rain,  and  deposited 
one  of  his  children  on  the  floor,  meanwhile  crying  lustily  for  aid,  as  his  family 
were  all  killed,  saving  the  child  he  had  thus  rescued. 

In  his  haste  to  aid  his  friend.  Judge  Hobbs  could  not  find  his  clothes,  but 
chanced  to  lay  his  hand  on  a  short-skirted  overcoat,  which  he  speedily  donned, 
and  in  this  scant  habiliment  rushed  out  into  the  storm.  The  man  kept  ahead 
of  the  Judge,  who  could  see  him  staggering  onward  through  the  mud  and  water 
every  time  a  flash  of  lightning  illumined  the  sky. 

At  last,  the  Judge  reached  the  shanty  in  which  the  man  had  tried  to  live, 
and  found  it  completely  overturned.  Not  a  trace  of  life  was  there,  and  believ- 
ing that  the  settler's  stor;y  was. true,  the  Judge  attempted  to  lift  one  corner  of 
the  small  cabin.  The  weight  proved  to  be  greater  than  he  could  master,  and 
in  despair  the  Judge  looked  about  him  for  the  owner  of  the  wreck.  Nothing 
could  be  seen  of  him.  The  Judge  concluded  to  go  to  the  village  for  assistance, 
as  that  was  the  nearest  place  where  it  could  be  obtained.  Forgetting  his  undress 
uniform,  in  his  eagerness  to  perform  a  good  deed,  the  official  representative  of 
the  county  ran  to  the  nearest  house.  He  saw  that  the  storm  had  worked  de- 
struction in  many  places,  but  observed  a  light  burning  in  one  of  the  cabins.  To 
that  house  he  made  his  way  and  loudly  rapped  at  the  door.  Before  he  was 
aware  of  his  situation,  he  found  himself  in  the  midst  of  nearly  all  the  ladies  in 
town,  who  gazed  at  him  with  mingled  mortification  and  amusement. 

The  lady  of  the  house  had  presence  of  mind  enough  to  bring  the  astonished 
Judge  a  pair  of  pantaloons,  in  which  he  hastily  incased  his  judicial  limbs,  and 
then  proceeded  to  tell  his  story. 

The  sequel  shows  that  the  pioneer  had  also  beheld  the  ruin  of  his  home,  and 
had  gone  to  the  village  for  aid.  During  his  absence  in  notifying  the  Judge,  the 
wife  had  managed  to  reach  the  village,  and  there  the  happy  couple  manifested 
their  joy,  in  the  presence  of  all,  by  numerous  hearty  osculatory  expressions  of 
delight. 

The  presence  of  the  ladies  in  one  house  is  easily  accounted  for.  It  thundered, 
and  under  such  circumstances  the  female  mind  is  a  unit.  The  ladies  went  out 
in  the  rain  for  the  express  purpose  of  dying  together,  if  they  were  obliged  to 
die  at  all. 

An  incident  is  related  of  the  early  religious  services  at  Albion  that  illustrates 
the  ([uality  of  the  professional  men,  and  also  proves  that  the  rough  pioneer 
missionaries  were  as  sound  in  common  sense  as  they  were  unpolished  in  exterior. 

Some  time  about  1855,  a  United  Brethren  minister  chanced  to  stop  at 
Albion,  and  Western  courtesy  compelled  the  pastor  in  charge  to  invite  the  traveler 
to  preach.  The  people  knew  he  would  bore  them,  but  they  were  too  sensitive 
in  their  observance  of  etiquette  to  ignore  his  rights.  So  he  was  called  upon  to 
preside  over  the  meeting  and  the  invitation  was  speedily  accepted. 

After  a  thoroughly  uninteresting  attempt  to  tell  the  people  something  about 
a  subject  far  beyond  his  comprehension,  the  good  man  paused  and  noticed  the 
looks  of  disgust  on  the  countenances  of  his  hearers.  Leaning  over  the  box — 
for  pulpits  were  a  thing  unheard  of  then — the  preacher  roared  out :  "  My  friends, 
preachers  is  just  like  apples.     In  a  new  country  you  can't  get  much  fruit.    All 


422  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

you  can  get  hold  of  is  crab-apples.  But  by  and  by,  when  the  country  grows 
older,  you  will  be  able  to  do  better.  You  will  be  able  to  give  up  the  crab-apples 
and  pick  grafted  fruit." 

In  the  Marshall  Times,  Oct.  27,  1858,  we  read  how  an  old  gentleman,  a 
farmer  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  missed  his  horses  from  their  stable  some- 
what late  at  night.  If  he  had  reflected  a  little,  and  noticed  that  his  boys  were 
missing,  too,  he  might  not  have  become  so  alarmed.  However,  as  it  was,  he 
immediately  suspected  horse  thieves,  and  came  over  to  town  in  hot  haste  and 
aroused  the  Vigilance  Committee.  The  President  of  this  organization  soon  had 
out  a  force  of  men,  armed  to  the  teeth,  and  scouring  the  country  in  pursuit  of 
the  thieving  scoundrels.  But  after  a  few  hours,  the  old  gentleman,  whose  horses 
were  missing,  came  back  to  town  rather  crest-fallen,  to  announce  that  he  had 
discovered  that  his  boys  had  gone  oft"  with  the  horses  to  a  distant  part  of  the 
neighborhood  to  "chai'ivari"  a  newly  married  couple.  So  the  police  were 
obliged  to  return  without  any  prowess. 

In  the  Times,  of  the  date  Dec.  22,  1858,  the  editor  mentions  seeing  a  fine- 
looking  specimen  of  an  elk  ("if  anything  so  ugly  can  be  called  fine-looking") 
pass  through  the  town,  being  led  by  a  rope  around  his  horns,  but  evidently  a 
very  unwilling  captive.  A  child  upon  the  street  fled  in  terror,  believing  it  to 
be  the  devil. 

The  Times,  of  Oct.  10,  1860,  speaks  of  there  having  been  no  frost  up  to 
that  time,  and  says  that  "tomato  vines  are  as  green  as  they  were  in  June,  and 
the  leaves  upon  the  trees  are  dying  of  old  age.  Surely,  Iowa  is  a  great 
country." 

In  the  Fall  of  1860,  we  read  of  a  lyceum  which  had  been  organized  in 
Marshalltown,  and  which  reflected  great  credit  upon  all  concerned  in  it,  with 
the  one  exception  of  the  order,  which  was  not  of  the  best.  There  was  evidently 
a  lack  of  the  respect  due  to  the  officers  of  the  association,  for  it  is  related  that 
when,  as  a  finale  to  a  very  praiseworthy  debate,  the  Secretary  arose  to  make  a 
motion,  one  of  the  mischievous  members  slipped  behind  him  and  drew  his  chair 
away.  When  he  had  finished,  he  did  what  was  expected  of  him,  politely  took 
his  seat  a  la  bumpe  (the  editor's  French)  where  his  feet  should  have  been.  The 
rogues  laughed,  of  course,  and  there  was  a  general  rush  for  the  door. 

Mr.  Philip  Ballard,  who  came  into  Iowa  Township  in  1859,  thus  relates  his 
experience  in  getting  there :  "  It  was  early  in  the  Spring,  and  when  coming 
to  the  Iowa  River,  it  was  found  necessary  to  cross  on  a  piece  of  ice  by  laying 
boards  from  the  shore  to  the  ice.  In  that  way  the  horses  were  induced  to  cross 
over ;  then  the  wagon  was  drawn  over  by  hand,  the  goods  having  been  removed  ; 
then  over  went  the  furniture,  and  finally  the  wife  and  little  ones.  It  was  a  mar- 
vel to  every  one  in  the  vicinity  how  we  crossed,  and  without  disaster." 

There  is  a  record  of  former  good  fishing  in  Iowa  River.  We  find  that  in 
the  Fall  of  1859,  Ed.  Thorn  caught,  one  day,  a  pike  weighing  twenty  pounds, 
and  the  next  day  another  weighing  twenty-four  and  a  half  pounds.  As  high 
as  seventy  pounds  a  day  were  taken  by  a  single  person  with  hook  and  line. 
The  average  weight  of  the  fish  was  four  and  a  half  pounds.  Later,  we  find  a 
record  of  a  pike  caught  just  below  the  dam  at  Woodbury's  Mill,  by  Messrs. 
Shutz  and  ^herwood,  which  weighed  twenty-seven  and  a  half  pounds. 

Linn  Creek  has  been  the  scene  of  several  tragedies.  A  young  lady  with 
her  father,  Mr.  Hudson,  Avas  drowned  about  two  miles  west  of  Marshalltown. 
Miss  Hudson  attempted  to  cross  on  the  submerged  bridge,  but  her  horse  lost  his 
foothold  upon  the  planks,  and  there  being  no  railing,  both  fell  into  the  water. 
Her  father,  attracted  by  her  screams,  plunged  in,  but  lost  his  hold  upon  a 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  423 

bunch  of  willows  to  which  he  clung  for  support,  and  being  unable  to  swim,  both 
were  drowned.  At  another  place,  a  railroad  bridge  over  this  creek  was  damaged 
by  a  freshet,  and  a  train  was  wrecked  upon  it.  The  locomotive  only  passed 
over,  the  baggage  and  passenger  cars  plunging  into  the  water.  It  was  in  the 
darkness  of  the  night,  but  strangely  enough,  with  heated  stoves  and  burning 
lamps  and  overturned  cars,  no  one  was  hurt — only  the  passengers  and  mails  had 
an  unwilling  bath.  A  Mr.  Algoyee  was  drowned  in  this  same  creek,  not  far 
from  Le  Grand  highway  bridge,  while  he  was  in  bathing.  And  about  1860, 
Mrs.  Ed.  Lockwood  and  Mrs.  H.  Nash  had  a  narrow  escape  from  death  in  the 
same  ill-fated  waters.  The  covered  wagons  of  some  Pike's  Peak  travelers 
frightened  their  horse,  which  began  obstinately  backing,  and  finally  overturned 
the  buggy  with  its  human  freight  into  the  current.  It  was  in  March,  and  the 
water  was  icy  cold,  and  Mrs.  Lockwood  struggled  to  hold  up  her  child,  which 
she  did,  with  the  aid  of  willows  on  the  shore,  until  she  was  rescued  by  the  emi- 
grants whose  wagons  had  caused  the  disaster. 

The  Times,  of  Jan.  30,  1861,  records  an  accident  which  came  about  from 
rejoicing  over  the  location  of  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  Railroad. 
"  The  boys  thought  they  could  not  let  the  event  pass  without  some  noise. 
Accordingly,  they  found  the  cannon  which  was  cast  here  last  year,  and  after 
heating  it  thoroughly  to  extract  the  frost,  commenced  firing.  They  had  fired 
but  a  few  rounds,  when  the  gun  burst,  throwing  the  fragments  in  every  direc- 
tion. One  piece  struck  the  Marshall  House,  passed  through  into  a  bed  room, 
breaking  the  leg  of  a  bedstead,  and  finally  buried  itself  in  a  sack  of  sugar 
which  happened  to  be  in  the  room.  Another  piece  struck  the  Court  House, 
tearing  up  the  shingles,  but  doing  no  particular  damage.  Another  piece  struck 
Mr.  Getting's  house."     No  one  was  killed. 

In  the  Times  of  March  12,  1862,  we  learn  that  there  had  been  no  news 
from  the  outside  world  since  the  1st.  It  had  snowed  for  a  week,  and  the  roads 
were  so  bad  that  neither  the  mails  nor  the  express  were  able  to  get  through, 
and  travel  was  entirely  done  away  with. 

The  same  date  announces  the  closing  of  the  first  term  of  the  Marshalltown 
Graded  Union  School  with  an  exhibition,  which  had  a  crowded  house. 

The  Times  of  April  2,  1862,  says :  "  The  Iowa  River  seems  to  take  on 
about  these  days  as  if  it  was  on  a  bender.  The  water  is  up  so  that  it  touches 
the  bridge  at  Woodbury's  Mill  and  runs  around  on  the  north  side  of  the  bridge, 
covering  the  flats  for  at  least  a  mile  north  of  the  mill.  Northeast  of  town  the 
river  must  have  been  nearly  two  miles  wide.  One  family,  of  the  name  of  Young, 
were  obliged  to  leave  their  house  and  seek  a  place  where  land  was  higher. 

"  Linn  Creek,  also,  joined  in  the  jubilee,  and  for  two  or  three  days,  it  more 
resembled  the  Mississippi  than  the  little  insignificant  stream  it  is.  At  all 
events,  it  has  raised  hob  with  the  telegraph  poles  and  buried  the  wires  some 
four  feet  under  water,  so  that  we  are  now  shut  out  from  news  either  by  stage 
power  or  lightning." 

Thomas  J.  Wilson,  who  founded  the  press  of  the  county,  was  drowned  in 
Linn  Creek,  while  serving  as  Superintendent  of  Schools.  His  business  took 
him  into  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  and  while  he  remained  there  the  waters  of 
Linn  Creek  were  greatly  swollen  by  freshet.  He  attempted  to  cross  on  a  sub- 
merged bridge  on  horseback  ;  the  horse  was  carried  from  the  bridge,  and  both 
rider  and  animal  were  lost.  Mr.  Wilson  was  a  most  estimable  man,  of  fine 
intelligence,  and  his  sudden  death  caused  great  sorrow  here. 

In  the  files  of  the  State  Centre  Enterprise,  we  read  of  the  Museum  belong- 
ing to  John  King  of  that  place,  which  contains  more  than  20,000  specimens  of 


424  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

shells,  minerals,  fossils  and  curious  works  of  art.     Mr.  King  has  been  for  years 
engaged  in  collecting  curiosities  from  all  parts  of  the  globe. 

This  is  the  way  an  old  lady  in  State  Centre  inquired  for  a  lost  snuff  box  : 
"  Gentlemen,  you  haint  none  on  you  seen  nothin  of  no  snuff  box  no  where 
around  here  no  time  to-day,  with  no  snuff  in  it,  haint  you?  " 

This  a  very  good  sample  of  a  Western  advei'tiseraent,  and  we  find  it  in 
the  State  Centre  Enterprise : 

Two  plow-men  out  West  were  telling  touching  stories  of  their  exploits  in 
breaking  up  new  ground.  The  linen  was  taken  off  the  bush  by  this  yarn : 
"  'Twas  up  in  Dixmont,  twenty-seven  years  ago  this  Spring,  I  was  plowing  in 
stump  ground  with  a  team  of  nine  pair  of  cattle,  for  Sol  Cunningham  ;  we  were 
going  along,  makin'  not  very  smooth  work  among  rocks  and  stumps.  Well, 
one  day  the  pint  o'  the  plow  struck  fair  agin  a  stump  four  feet  through,  split  it 
square  across  the  heart,  and  I  was  follerin'  the  plow  through  when  the  thought 
flashed  through  my  mind  that  the  pesky  stump  might  snap  together  and  pinch 
my  toes.  So,  I  just  gripped  the  plow-handles  firm  and  swung  my  feet  out  o' 
the  way  and  the  stump  sprang  back  and  catched  the  slack  of  my  pantaloons. 
That  brought  every  thing  up  stannin'.  Well,  I  tightened  my  hold,  and  Jim 
Swithin,  he  and  Sol  was  drivin',  they  spoke  to  the  cattle,  and  we  snaked  that 
stump  out  by  the  roots — and  it  had  awful  long  ones !  " 

"It  must  'a  been  strainin'  on  your  clothes,"  said  the  other. 

"  Wal,  yes  it  was  ;  but  I  got  the  material  at  F.  G.  Tummel's,  and  it  stood 
the  test." 

When  Mr.  Woodbury  first  came  to  Marshalltown,  the  house  he  lived  in  had 
but  two  rooms,  and  as  there  was  no  lumber  or  shingles  to  be  got,  he  put  on  a 
a  cloth  roof.  Mr.  Pratt,  coming  into  the  town  and  having  no  house,  it  was 
arranged  that  his  family  should  occupy  one  of  these  rooms,  which  made  the 
accommodations  of  either  family  not  very  spacious.  Provisions  were  not  very 
plenty,  as  the  demand  was  greater  than  the  supply,  and  when  a  speculating 
farmer  from  outside  brought  in  a  lo;id  of  slaughtered  hogs,  Mr.  Woodbury 
bought  there.  It  was  not  quite  as  bad  as  to  have  a  present  of  a  white  elephant ; 
but  still  the  quandary  what  to  do  with  them  was  a  puzzling  question — no  cellar, 
no  woodshed,  no  barn.  Finally,  Mrs.  Woodbury  suggested  an  old  joiner's 
bench  that  stood  out  of  doors,  and  so  there  they  were  stored,  covered  with  the 
wagon  sheet — a  part  of  every  pioneer's  property.  Often  in  the  Winter,  the 
wolves  would  crave  a  nibble,  and  come  prowling  around,  notwithstanding  a 
deadly  old  musket  that  Frederick  and  John  Woodbury,  the  sons,  kept  standing 
by  their  bed  post.  When  meat  was  wanted,  they  had  only  to  go  out  and  hack 
off  the  desired  quantity  with  an  ax.  When  Mr.  Woodbury  built  his  grist-mill 
just  north  of  Marshalltown,  it  was  the  first  and  a  great  blessing  to  the  settlers,  who 
otherwise  would  have  been  obliged  to  go  to  Cedar  Rapids  or  Oskaloosa  to  mill 
over  the  then  appalling  roads.  If  a  "grist"  could  not  be  got,  then  boiled  corn 
had  to  be  useii  for  bread.  Mr.  Woodbury  afterward  built  mills  at  Xenia  and 
Alden  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  sold  flour  to  grocers  and  others  "on  tick,"  sup- 
plying the  whole  northwestern  part  of  the  State  for  some  years.  On  one  of  his 
rounds  for  collection  of  these  flour  bills,  his  wife  went  with  him.  They  were  in 
AVright  County,  and  came  upon  a  slough,  which  looked  dubious,  but  which  Mr. 
W.  decided  might  be  undertaken  with  safety.  He  had  a  single  horse  and 
buggy,  and  after  proceeding  a  little  way,  down  went  both  into  the  mud  and 
water.  After  some  effort,  Mr.  W.  succeeded  in  getting  the  horse  unharnessed, 
and  in  getting  him  out  in  the  right  dii-ection.  Next,  the  baggage  was  safely 
landed  on  the  other  side.     Mr.  W.  had  removed  his  coat  and  boots,  and  was  by 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  425 

this  time  in  good  working  condition,  but  how  to  get  his  wife  across  I  Finally, 
after  much  coaxing,  she  was  carried  over,  papoose  fashion,  upon  his  shoulders, 
and  then,  to  crown  the  work,  he  placed  himself  between  the  shafts  and  pulled 
the  buggy  out  in  triumph.  At  this  juncture,  however,  a  Turkish  bath  would 
have  been  very  acceptable. 

The  first  4th  of  July  celebrated  in  Marshalltown  was  in  1853 ;  the  point  of 
•celebration,  the  public  square.  There  was  a  large  bower  built  of  green  branches, 
with  a  flag  waving  gayly  at  the  top.  Tables  were  spread  with  unstinted  abun- 
dance. Mr.  Atwater,  the  young  lawyer  of  Marietta,  delivered  the  oration,  and 
the  singing  class  of  Mr.  Ohilds  gave  "  Hail  Columbia."  Dr.  Bissell  was 
Marshal,  and  at  one  time  when  he  called  for  cheers,  an  old  lady  shoved  a 
young  girl  out  of  a  chair,  very  unceremoniously,  with  :  "  Git  up  ;  hain't  ye  no 
manners  ?     Don't  you  hear  'em  call  for  cheers  ?  " 

Everybody  had  worked  to  make  it  a  success,  and  it  is  related  that  old  Mrs. 
Rice  trimmed  cake  for  the  occasion,  and  that  Mrs.  Straight  filled  a  clothes 
basket  with  goodies  for  the  tables. 

The  first  funeral  in  Marshalltown  was  that  of  a  little  daughter  of  Mr.  Silas 
Chorm,  on  the  10th  of  August,  1853.  The  burial  took  place  without  any 
ceremony  whatever,  as  there  was  not  a  professing  Christian  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. A  month  later,  a  little  seven-year-old  sister  of  this  child  was  buried  in 
the  same  simple  manner,  under  the  wild  asters  at  the  corner  of  Jack  Braddy's 
farm.  At  this  funeral,  Mrs.  John  Smith,  mother  of  Mrs.  Ralls,  remarked  that 
she  could  not  rest  easy  if  thus  buried,  but  in  the  January  following,  she  was 
interred  in  the  same  way. 

The  first  distillery  in  Marshalltown  was  built  by  a  man  named  Haynes,  in 
.1854,  and  was  conducted  on  a  very  primitive  plan.  His  receivers  were  dug- 
out troughs  of  wood,  and  trappers  would  take  a  bag  of  corn  and  a  jug,  empty 
the  corn  into  a  heap,  and  fill  ^he  jug  from  the  trough,  without  any  graduating 
scale  or  measure.  Such  a  plan  would  be  a  poor  business  for  a  distiller  in  these 
days. 

On  the  4th  of  July,  1855,  there  was  a  celebration  at  the  town  of  La  Fayette. 
The  multitude  assembled  in  the  public  square  ;  Mr.  Sawyer  was  Chief  Marshal 
of  the  Day,  and  Dr.  Hixon  read  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  delivered 
the  oration.  Dr.  Whealan  was  to  have  filled  the  latter  office,  but  a  slight  injury 
prevented. 

The  prairie  in  the  western  portion  of  Jefferson  has  been  noted  for  hunting 
parties.  There  is  a  tradition  of  708  chickens  being  killed  in  one  day  by  a 
party  who  went  to  the  head  of  Timber  Creek.  Mr.  George  Wills  with  a  party 
of  five  went  one  day  beyond  Power's  Grove,  and  killed  311  chickens,  returning 
at  night  with  a  wagon  loaded  down  with  game.  Sportsmen  from  all  parts  of 
the  country,  as  well  as  from  England  came  out  here  to  enjoy  the  fine  shooting. 

In  the  Fall  of  1855,  Mr.  Rice  started  up  two  deer  near  Linn  Creek,  and 
turning  them  westward,  they  galloped  down  Marshalltown  Main  street,  leaving 
the  prints  of  the  their  feet  where  is  now  the  constant  roll  of  traffic. 

The  west  half  of  Washington  and  Jefferson  Townships  were  prairie  uplands, 
with  only  now  and  then  a  farm  to  break  the  monotony.  It  was  a  fine  sweep  for 
a  fire,  and  one  time  Mr.  Manwaring  Avas  aroused  by  a  crackling  and  roaring, 
and  looked  out  in  time  to  see  his  haystacks  in  a  blaze,  with  danger  to  his  house 
and  stable.  All  hands  were  set  to  work  to  carry  water,  and  finally,  with  the 
help  of  wet  blankets  and  carpets,  they  saved  a  part  of  the  hay  and  buildings. 
And  one  night  Mr.  Gotham  was  awakened  by  the  light  of  a  coming  fire,  and 
getting  up,  he  succeeded  in  plowing  a  furrow  around  his  buildings ;   but  a  hen- 


426  HiaxoRY  OF  Marshall  county. 

coop  and  its  inhabitants  were  badly  singed,  the  latter  appearing  in  the  morning 
without  tail-feathers  or  wings.  Many  tons  'of  hay  a  year  were  lost  from  fires 
carelessly  lit  by  the  pipe  of  a  passing  hunter,  or  by  the  mischief  of  boys. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Voorhees,  an  early  settler  in  Marion,  lived  near  Mr.  Holcomb, 
and  having  a  neighborly  regard  for  him,  sent  him  one  day  a  watermelon  by 
"  Jeflf."  This  melon,  which  was  regarded  as  a  great  delicacy,  tempted  "Jeff" 
to  the  degree,  that  he,  with  the  help  of  a  young  comrade,  ate  it  up  instead  of 
delivering  it,  which  was  a  standing  joke  against  him  for  many  a  day. 

In  ^'ienna,  on  the  occasion  of  the  wedding  of  Mrs.  Bradbury's  daughter, 
which  was  the  largest  festival  of  the  kind  that  had  been  held  in  the  the  town- 
ship, a  careless  boy  on  the  farm  set  a  straAV  stack  on  fire,  Avhich  caught  the  barn 
and  burned  it  with  other  valuables.  It  was  a  heavy  loss,  but  the  neighbors 
lightened  it  as  far  as  lay  in  their  power. 

Mr.  Ilummaleau  was  an  early  settler  in  Albion,  and,  though  wasted  by  long 
disease,  took  special  delight  in  putting  out  trees.  Some  one  asked  him.  not 
long  before  his  death,  why  he  continued  to  plant  so  many  ornamental  trees,  and 
he  replied  :  "  Some  weary  body  will  love  to  sit  under  their  shade  when  I  am 
gone." 

At  the  time  of  the  Marietta  and  Marshalltown  war,  every  device  was  resorted 
to  by  either  place  to  put  the  other  at  a  disadvantage.  As  a  specimen  of  the 
ridicule  used  to  influence  public  sentiment,  the  Iowa  Central  Journal,  the 
Marshalltown  organ,  announced :  "A  Frenchman  lately  from  Paris  is  negotiating 
for  the  purchase  of  the  public  square  in  Marietta  to  raise  frogs  for  that  market." 
On  another  occasion,  a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Crookham,  an  extensive  prop- 
erty holder  in  Marietta,  was  in  Marshalltown  on  business.  It  was  arranged 
by  a  few  of  the  mischievous  ones  of  the  latter  place  to  badger  him  a  little.  So, 
calling  some  stranger  within  his  hearing,  up  to  where  a  group  of  them  were  stand- 
ing, they  told  him  that  a  man  was  actually  drowned  in  the  public  s<i[uare  of 
Marietta  only  a  week  before  !  Nothing  could  equal  Crookham's  disgust  at  sujh 
broad  fibbing,  and  he  was  glad  to  get  back  to  his  own  much-abused  town. 

When  Judge  McFarland  was  on  the  bench,  a  ludicrous  scene  occurred  in 
Court  one  day.  A  young  lawyer  from  Burlington,  of  the  name  of  Wood,  was 
facetiously  termed  "Old  Timber"  by  the  profession.  At  this  court  he  was  in 
the  midst  of  a  fine  rhetorical  display  in  submitting  his  case  to  the  jury,  when 
the  head  of  an  immense  donkey  thrust  itself  through  the  door  and  interrupted 
his  eloquence  with  a  sonorous  bray.  McFarland  cried  out :  "  Hold  on.  Old 
Timber,  one  at  a  time  sir,  one  at  a  time  !  "  Is  it  to  be  wondered  that  "  Old 
Timber  "  was  so  confused  as  to  lose  his  case  ? 

In  the  State  Centre  Enterprise,  June  21,  1872,  we  find  the  following 
declaration  : 

"  We  the  undersigned  merchants  of  State  Centre,  Iowa,  never  having  taken 
a  general  holiday,  do  hereby  and  hereon  notify  the  public,  that  the  undermen- 
tioned firms  will  not  open  their  stores  and  offices  on  the  4th  of  July,  1872. 

V.  J.  Shipman,  etc.,  etc. 

It  seems  that  when  these  energetic  people  played,  they  did  it  in  earnest, 
just  as  when  they  worked  they  did  it  with  all  their  might,  as  the  results  testify. 

The  following  anecdote  of  Judge  McFarland  first  appeared  in  the  Des 
Moines  Register:  Some  years  ago,  Judge  McFarland,  the  hairy  man  of  the 
West,  as  the  Cincinnati  Convention  dubbed  him,  used  to  be  a  "power"  up  in  the 
High  Boone  and  the  adjacent  counties,  wherein  he  dispensed  justice — or  rather 
dispensed  with  it.  During  the  time  he  thus  adorned  the  bench,  the  late  Gen. 
Sam.  A.  Rice  happened  to  have  a  "case"  in   one  of  bis  courts,  of  which  he 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  427 

used  to  relate  the  following :  The  morning  upon  which  the  Court  was  to  hear 
and  decide  motions,  "she"  scarcely  "understood  herself,"  from  the  fact  of 
"her"  bibulous  practices  the  preceding  evening,  and,  indeed,  until  the  "wee 
sma'  hours  beyant  the  twal."  In  short,  the  Court  was  in  a  very  obfuscated  and 
muddled  condition,  and  decidedly  cross-grained.  One  attorney  after  another 
had  submitted  motions,  all  of  which  his  Honor  summarily  overruled,  without  a 
moment  of  thought  or  investigation.  At  length  Gen.  Rice's  turn  came,  when 
he  arose  and  quietly  remarked  that  "he  had  a  little  motion  to  submit,  which 
however,  was  of  no  particular  moment — merely  to  '  save  a  point ' — and  that  as 
his  Honor  was  overruling  everything  that  morning,  he  couldn't  expect  an  ex- 
ception to  be  made  in  his  case,  and  would  therefore  consider  his  motion  in  the 
same  category."  While  he  was  repeating  something  about  the  unimportance 
of  the  case,  etc.,  the  Court  leaned  forward,  extended  "her"  right  hand  and 
shaking  "her"  long  forefinger  in  the  face  of  the  speaker,  decided  the  motion 
in  the  following  terse  and  vigorous  style  :  "No  you  don't,  Sammy  !  No  you 
do7it,  Sammy  !  This  hon'ble  Court  has  keerfully  investigated  that  ere  pint, 
and  your  motion  is  sustained  I "  It  happening  that  the  motion  covered  the 
entire  case,  of  course  "Sammy"  won. 

Among  the  various  kinds  of  wit — such  as  mother  wit,  Irish  and  French  wit 
— there  is  room  for  still  another  division  which  might  be  called  "pioneer  wit." 
The  face  to  face  contact  with  Nature,  which  the  settler  in  a  new  country  always 
enjoys,  gives  a  fresh-air  kind  of  strength  to  his  faculties,  both  of  body  and 
mind,  and  his  humor  seems  to  partake  of  the  clear,  open,  direct  character  of 
everything  about  him.  It  is  in  fact  "mother  wit"  nurtured  under  the  same  sky 
that  ripens  his  crops,  and  grows  into  something  as  huge  and  strong  as  his  own 
vegetables  and  grain.  The  Frenchman's  wit  is  like  his  smile,  volatile,  inces- 
sent,  impalpable,  except  to  an  oversharpened  sensibility ;  the  Irishman's  is  the 
ready- make  shift  of  one  who  has  to  do  the  best  he  can  with  bad  circumstances, 
and  who  from  good-natured  indolence  finds  it  more  comfortable  to  parry  fate 
with  a  blundering  thrust,  than  to  stand  up  and  face  oids  with  either  strength  or 
skill ;  but  the  true  pioneer  neither  polishes  nor  evades  ;  he  gives  his  blows  with 
the  vigor  of  a  mind  that  has  met  hardships  in  many  forms,  and  yet  has  not  been 
made  afraid. 

INCIDENTS    OF    PIONEER    WOMEN. 

In  such  history  as  we  have  of  pioneer  efforts,  great  stress  is  laid  upon  the 
courage  of  purpose  and  of  action,  as  well  as  the  extreme  physical  endurance, 
required  in  men  who  devote  their  lives  to  the  venture  of  compelling  nature's 
wilderness  to  blossom  as  the  rose.  There  is  little  danger  of  too  great  credit 
being  given  them  ;  and  yet,  there  are  others  who  deserve,  even  more  than  they, 
our  respect  and  praise,  and  to  whom  even  reverence  may  justly  be  added ;  and  that 
is  the  pioneer  women.  As  it  is  more  in  man's  nature  to  combat  and  conquer, 
so  it  is  more  in  woman's  to  submit  and  endure.  And  as  he  who  fights  and 
wins  deserves  the  victor's  reward,  so  she  who  suffers  and  bears  should  have 
her  crown  ;  oftener  than  any  other  way,  however,  it  proves  the  martyr's  crown. 

If  the  history  of  all  public  effort  is  of  interest,  then  why  not  the  detail  of 
the  daily  life — the  struggle  with  privation,  the  close  planning  to  get  the  desired 
results  from  very  inadequate  means,  the  overtaxed  strength,  the  heart-ache  of 
homesickness,  and  the  still  bitterer  strife  with  prolonged  sickness  in  the  family 
and  even  with  death  ?  This  was  essentially  the  woman's  part ;  and  so  we  pur- 
pose to  devote  a  little  space  to  the  experiences  of  the  Marshall  County  women, 
apart  from  the  general  and  mutual  trials. 


428  HISTORY  Oh    MARSHALL  CuUNTY. 

There  are  sometimes  heavy  shadows  in  the  picture,  but  these  are  relieved 
by  pleasant  lights,  and  by  many  a  touch  of  bright  color.  The  pioneer  wife  and 
mother  is  not  a  gloomy  object,  for  her  life  was  too  active  a  one  to  admit  of  any 
long-continued  melancholy.  It  is  true  that  there  was  never  absent  the  sense  of 
being  in  a  strange  land,  and  this  feeling  has,  during  all  time,  been  recognized 
as  a  very  trying  one.  We  read  that  the  daughters  of  Israel  wept  when  they 
remembered  Zion,  and  the  settler's  wife  felt  a  pang  when  she  remembered,  per- 
haps, some  far-away  New  England  village,  with  its  sacred  Sabbath  and  its  church 
liells,  with  its  schools,  and  its  many  familiar  firesides  surrounded  by  long-tried 
friends. 

Yet,  in  the  new  country  there  was  much  to  do.  There  were  the  kindly 
acts  for  those  who  were  in  need  ;  the  healthful  occupation  of  domestic  work, 
which  was  often  a  sovereign  cure  for  loneliness  :  the  cheer  and  pride  of  being 
able  to  do  so  much  with  so  little — all  these  phases  lightened  care  and  helped  to 
make  life  easy.  Then  there  were  the  gala  neighborly  evenings,  when  a  guest 
was  sure  to  be  welcome,  and  the  intercourse  was  genial  and  friendly  without 
reference  to  rank  or  station. 

We  could  hardly  understand,  now  that  ease  and  comfort  are  so  universal, 
what  the  household  life  was  in  that  early  period,  but  for  the  fact  that  it  is  within 
the  memory  of  not  very  old  people,  and  we  get  the  story  direct  from  the  lips  of 
those  who  shared  that  life.  Personal  denials  had  to  be  made,  refinement  of 
taste  held  in  abeyance,  accomplishments  forsworn — all  until  the  great  Jugger- 
naut of  work  could  be  appeased. 

Idleness  was  not  the  part  of  any.  The  word  "  Iowa,"  in  one  Indian 
dialect,  is  said  to  mean  "drowsy."  It  must  be  that  the  State  was  christened 
in  the  Indian  Summer,  which  season  covers  its  fair  face  with  a  blanket  of  smoke, 
and  hushes  it  to  its  Winter  sleep  with  softened  sunshine  and  the  repose  of 
gathered  harvests.  It  surely  could  not  have  been  named  for  any  woman  within 
its  borders  ;  for  if  it  had  been,  the  Indian  for  "energy,"  or  "'resolution,"  or 
"industry"  would  have  been  chosen. 

Who  could  be  idle  living  in  a  rail  pen  with  a  slough-grass  roof,  as  Mrs. 
Hoffman  did  in  Marshalltown  ?  When  it  rained,  she  was  obliged  to  go  about 
her  mansion  with  an  umbrella,  for,  as  one  would  naturally  infer,  the  roof  was 
leaky.  But  woman  of  fine  instincts  she  was,  for  she  had  a  parlor,  notwith- 
standing the  primitive  condition  of  things  generally.  The  parlor  was  the 
family  carriage  with  the  curtains  taken  off.  And,  living  in  this  way,  five  mem- 
bers of  her  family  had  typhoid  fever  from  exposure.  That  certainly  must  have 
tried  the  fiber  of  any  woman's  spirit. 

It  involved  more  labor  then  than  now  to  cook  a  meal.  A  "chunk"  fire 
out-of- doors  had  to  answer  the  purpose  of  our  elaborate  kitchen  ranges,  and 
complete  little  oil  stoves,  which  do  the  culinary  work  of  the  family  from  only 
lighting  a  lamp.  Mrs.  Wm.  Ralls  cooked  the  food  for  her  family  and  guests 
over  one  of  these  fires.  Their  house  was  a  mere  cabin,  with  a  loft  for  a  cham- 
ber, which  loft  was  reached  by  a  pole  ladder.  ( )n  one  occasion  when  Mr. 
Eastman,  afterward  Lieut.  Governor,  was  a  visitor,  he  had  to  swing  himself 
above  the  heads  of  the  family  as  he  went  to  retire  for  the  night.  After  he 
reached  his  perch  he  looked  down  at  the  crude  cradle  made  of  oak  shakes,  in 
which  the  baby  was  sleeping,  and  said  gayly,  "  That  looks  like  the  running-gear 
of  a  whip-poor-will's  nest !  " 

What  "pernickety"  housekeeper,  as  the  Scotch  say,  would  be  willing  to 
live  as  did  Mrs.  S.  N.  Knode,  of  Le  Grand,  whose  house  was  a  hut  without 
door  or  chimney,  and  where  the  smoke  had  to  find  its  way  out  as  best  it  could 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  4:^9 

through  the  logs  ?  This  cabin  was  sixteen  feet  scjuare,  and  to  her  own  family 
were  added  others  more  homeless  than  herself,  making  in  all  thirty-six  persons. 
Besides  this,  she  must  graciously  entertain  whatever  travelers  wanted  a  shelter, 
and  one  night,  four  more  were  added  to  the  thirty-six  ;  this  "  Arab  hospitality  " 
making  so  close  a  sandwich  of  them  all  that  it  was  doubtful  if  each  could  have 
a  separate  "  puncheon  '"  for  a  bed.  Now,  a  puncheon  carpet  consisted  of  logs 
split  in  two,  and  laid  with  the  flat  side  up.  Supposing  the  housewife  a  Quaker, 
or  a  descendant  of  the  Puritans,  or  of  good  Holland  Dutch  blood,  as  the  Knode 
name  implies,  how  was  she  to  scour  and  sand  that  ?  Must  not  her  sense  of 
cleanliness  have  endured  constant  torture  ? 

There  could  have  been  little  cleaning  of  windows  then.  Mr.  Henry  An- 
son's cabin  was  the  first  one  in  Marshall  that  was  sufiiciently  ornate  in  style  to 
require  any  such  superfluous  arrangements,  and  the  first  lumber  that  was  ever 
sawed  in  the  county  was  wrought  into  them. 

It  is  said  that  the  settlers,  being  mostly  from  heavily  wooded  countries, 
usually  selected  their  building  sites  in  the  timber ;  and  that  they  thought  it 
very  foolhardy  in  Mr.  Anson  to  choose  for  his  dwelling-place  a  spot  on  the  open 
prairie,  nearly  half  a  mile  from  trees.  They  said  of  him  :  "  A  Yankee  has  set- 
tled out  on  the  prairie,  with  three  windows  in  his  house,  and  will  freeze  to  death." 

Indeed,  it  was  generally  conceded  that  windows  were  a  superfluity,  and  a 
quilt  did  very  well  for  a  door.  Mrs.  Anson  certainly  had  something  to  do 
which  her  neighbors  did  not — she  had  to  wash  windows. 

However  hospitable  the  lady  of  the  house  may  be,  there  must  now  and  then 
be  an  unwelcome  visitor.  Mrs.  Rice  tells  how  a  lady  of  her  acquaintance,  who 
had  been  on  a  neighborly  visit  to  a  friend,  returned  to  find  she  had  left  her 
door  ajar — or  if  her  door  was  a  quilt,  as  we  have  seen  was  often  the  case,  it  had 
been  disturbed.  The  woods  near  at  hand  were  infested  with  hogs  of  a  pecul- 
iar breed,  called  "  prairie  sharks."  These  animals — now,  happily,  quite  extinct 
— had  very  long  noses  and  legs,  and  were  fearfully  gaunt  and  starved-looking. 
Upon  entering  her  house,  she  saw,  standing  upon  his  tall  hind  legs,  in  front  of 
her  cupboard,  a  huge  "prairie  shark,"  eating  bread  and  butter  from  a  shelf. 

But  hogs  were  not  the  worst  intruders.  Rattlesnakes  were  the  terror  of 
the  timid,  and  Mrs.  Washington  Asher,  living  near  the  creek  that  bears  their 
name — famous  for  its  beautiful  ice  in  Winter,  and  its  purple  grapes  in  Summer 
— used  to  set  the  chairs  all  in  a  row,  on  the  dirt  floor  of  her  cabin,  to  walk  on 
in  the  night,  in  case  she  had  to  get  up  to  light  a  candle.  The  little  folks  used 
to  creep  slyly  past  the  cracks  in  the  puncheon   floors,  for  fear  of  the  reptiles. 

One  day,  Mrs.  Rice  returned  home  to  find,  coiled  up  as  comfortably  as  a 
kitten,  on  the  doorstep,  a  nice,  large  rattler.  She  did  not  wait  to  hear  him  purr, 
however,  but  dispatched  him  with  a  spade. 

These  incidents  may  rank  as  trifles  among  the  trials  of  a  new  country,  but 
nobody  but  a  woman  knows  how  afraid  a  woman  is  of  a  snake. 

This  was  also  the  ''age  of  wolves."  Mrs.  Holcomb,  who  came  in  1856, 
and  who  was  afterward  noted  for  her  splendid  dairy,  had  no  cellar  in  which  to 
store  supplies.  The  custom  was  to  suspend  their  smoked  hams  and  shoulders 
from  the  eaves  of  the  cabin,  outside,  and  the  wolves  practiced  light  gymnastics 
there  in  rows,  leaping  up  to  reach  the  coveted  plunder. 

The  dainty  lady  who  feels  justified  in  screaming  at  a  mouse  or  a  spider,  can 
draw  her  own  conclusions  as  to  whether  Mrs.  Holcomb  had  any  reason  to  feel 
"  nervous." 

It  was  not  alone  the  living  in  a  new  country  that  tried  women's  souls,  but 
it  was  often  the  getting  there.     A  foretaste  of  hardship  was  to  be  had  from  the 


430  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

time  of  the  launching  out  in  the  prairie  schooner  until  the  voyage  was  done. 
One  man,  Mr.  Jonathan  Reed,  of  Ohio,  left  his  wife  and  children,  one  .day, 
three  miles  from  any  neighbor,  out  on  the  sea  of  brown  grass,  in  Green  Castle 
Township,  to  fetch  flour  from  a  distant  point.  When  he  went  away,  they  were 
sewing  a  tent  cover,  certain  to  have  a  shelter  ready  before  night.  But,  after  hard 
stitching  and  after  the  tent  pins  were  driven  into  the  ground,  Mrs.  Reed  found 
that  her  unskilled  hands  could  not  make  the  cover  fit.  She  and  the  children 
spent  a  night  in  the  open  wagon  on  the  prairie ;  and,  as  the  boys  could  not  suc- 
ceed in  building  a  turf  house,  though  they  tried  to,  they  were  forced  to  retrace 
their  step.s  to  a  point  they  had  passed  where  there  was  a  smoke-house.  This 
belonged  to  Mr.  Hilsabeck.  In  this  they  lived  a  week  until  Mr.  Reed  could 
return,  and,  after  his  return,  about  three  weeks  longer,  until  he  could  get  a  hut 
in  readiness  for  the  Winter. 

Yet,  with  so  many  discomforts,  good  digestion  seemed  to  wait  on  appetite, 
and  a  merry-making  now  and  then,  at  which  a  gingham  dress  was  considered 
putting  on  airs,  was  not  unusual.  The  bracing,  healthy  air  cured  the  dyspeptic, 
and  it  was  commoner  after  a  good,  square  meal  to  speak  of  eating  instead  of 
kissing  the  cook.  Mrs.  Perrigo,  of  Albion,  who,  besides  her  calico  dress  and 
sun-bonnet,  once  wore  cotton  gloves  to  an  afternoon  tea  party,  was  quite  sharply 
commented  upon  by  her  friends.  By  the  way,  the  Perrigoes  rented  the  first 
trame  house  built  in  Albion,  and  Mrs.  P.  was  accustomed  relate  how  they  moved 
into  it  when  the  roof  was  shingled  only  at  one  corner,  and  she  could  lie  awake 
and  watch  the  stars  as  they  moved  in  their  silent  orbits  along  the  night. 

So  it  will  be  seen  that  as  long  as  the  ladies  could  have  a  tea-drinking  now 
and  then,  and  could  there  discuss  their  neighbors'  clothes,  they  Avere  not  wholly 
restricted  and  deprived.  And  we  even  get  glimpses  of  heart-burnings  and 
envy  sometimes,  on  these  occasions,  which  would  do  credit  to  our  own  day.  At 
a  ({uilting  at  Mr.  Sylvanus  Rice's  hotel,  where  all  the  ladies  in  town  were 
assembled,  Mrs.  Calvin  Straight  wore  a  pretty  black  and  white  gingham  dress, 
which  greatly  grieved  a  less  fortunate  sister,  because  it  ''shamed  her  calico." 

A  blackberry  hunt  was  the  occasion  of  a  comical  mishap  to  Mrs.  Willigrod, 
of  Marshall.  She  and  Mrs.  Bissel  and  a  few  others  started  out  one  day  with  a 
team  on  a  little  excursion,  with  Mr.  Pratt  as  driver.  They  were  going  for  the 
blackberries  on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  Mrs.  Willigrod  put  on  a  pair  of  her 
husband's  boots  as  a  safeguard  against  snakes.  On  arriving  at  the  river,  they 
all  seated  themselves  in  a  canoe,  Mrs.  Willigrod  in  the  stern.  In  crossing  the 
stream,  they  amused  themselves  with  laughing  and  singing,  and  the  rest  splashed 
water  upon  Mrs.  W.,  she  retaliating  in  kind  as  best  she  could.  But  as  the 
boat  touched  the  opposite  bank,  she  felt  an  irresistible  desire  to  have  the  last 
spatter — .supposably  from  the  same  instinct  that  prompts  a  woman  to  have  the 
last  word — and  she  rose  in  the  boat  to  give  tliem  a  final  baptism.  As  she  did 
so.  she  fell  back  into  the  river,  boots  and  all.  It  was  very  funny,  but  came 
near  being  very  serious,  for  she  sank  twice  before  the  stupefied  Mr.  Pratt  could 
rescue  her.  The  wetting  satisfied  the  party  for  that  trip,  and  they  returned 
without  waiting  for  the  blackberries. 

At  Mr.  Robinson's,  in  Timber  Creek,  they  had  a  quilting,  the  gentlemen 
being  invited  with  the  ladies.  The  dinner  pot  was  boiled  out-of-doors  over  a 
chunk  fire,  and  tlie  guests,  excepting  the  (juilters,  sat  on  the  wood  pile  and 
other  rude  seats  outside,  to  wait  until  the  feast  should  be  served.  This  con- 
sisted of  boiled  ham,  corn  bread,  good  coffee  and  wild  fruit ;  and,  after  supper, 
they  shook  the  quilt  over  the  prettiest  girl,  who  blushed  scarlet.  She  is  now  a 
wife  and  the  mother  of  seven  bovs. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  431 

Dr.  Whealan's  family,  of  Marietta,  lived  with  good  cheer  in  a  house  mostly 
furnished  by  the  work  of  his  own  hands.  They  had  three-legged  stools,  splint- 
l30ttomed  chairs,  a  shoe  box  for  a  cradle,  and  a  dry  goods  box  for  a  buffet.  If 
the  reader  does  not  know  what  a  buifet  is,  we  will  explain  that  in  those  days  it 
was  a  cupboard  where  a  tidy  soul  could  not  only  store  all  her  dishes,  but  could 
also  find  a  corner  for  her  fine-tooth  comb  and  bottle  of  hair  oil — two  very  essen- 
tial things  in  arranging  a  coiffure  then,  when  such  frizzes  as  are  worn  to-day 
would  have  suggested  Bedlam.  Well,  Mrs.  Whealan's  dry  goods  box  made  a 
very  comfortable  buffet.  And  otherwise  she  had  the  ingenuity  of  a  truly 
hospitable  woman.  She  entertained  twenty-two  persons  in  her  cabin  for  a 
while;  but  in  order  to  do  it,  at  night  the  cradle,  chairs  and  table  were  set  out-of- 
Joors  to  make  room  for  the  beds  on  the  floor.  Partitions  were  improvised  from 
overcoats  and  dresses,  and  amiability  must  surely  have  ruled  where  the  comfort 
-of  others  was  the  aim  sought,  at  so  much  personal  inconvenience.  At  this  time, 
there  was  a  great  scarcity  of  milk  and  butter,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  cows 
were  not  properly  cared  for.  For  months,  the  Whealans  were  without,  and  Mrs. 
Whealan,  writing  to  a  friend  in  Ohio,  said:  "  The  cows  in  Iowa  do  not  give  milk, 
•for  I  have  tried  all  belonging  to  the  neighbors,  and  they  were  dry." 

Women  felt  then,  as  now,  as  if  they  had  some  rights,  and  they  were  by  no 
means  slow  in  asserting  them.  In  Le  Grand,  in  1856,  a  saloon  was  opened, 
which  so  aroused  the  indignation  of  the  ladies  that  they  determined  to  shut  it 
up.  A  party  of  nine  sallied  out  on  the  mission,  and  though  Mrs.  Hiram  Ham- 
mond confessed  afterward  that  she  "  made  very  awkward  Avork  in  handling  the 
ax  on  the  barrel  heads,"  yet  they  seem  to  have  accomplished  what  they  under- 
took. The  next  day,  Samuel  Hoffman  (a  bachelor,  as  ironical  fate  would  have 
it),  set  out  to  capture  the  fearless  nine,  to  bring  them  to  justice.  Some  had 
gone  to  Tama  on  a  visit ;  others  were  out  of  sight  in  cellars  and  stables ;  and 
it  is  said  that  Hoffman  swore  it  was  the  hai'dest  day's  work  he  ever  did,  trying 
to  capture  those  girls.  Finally,  it  fell  through  by  default,  and  the  women  were 
-victorious,  upheld,  too,  by  an  overwhelming  public  sentiment. 

In  other  ways  they  testified  their  ability  to  do  men's  work,  or  better.  Mrs. 
Myers,  of  Washington  Township,  hired  help  to  do  the  housework,  and  with  a 
bloomer  dress  made  of  bedticking,  hauled  wood,  drove  a  reaper  or  sulky  plow, 
and  was  one  of  the  best  managers  in  the  county.  She  was  known  to  go  to 
Iowa  City  for  a  load  of  lumber,  accompanied  only  by  her  little  boy,  camping 
out,  boiling  her  tea-kettle  by  the  roadside,  and  taking  care  of  the  team  herself. 

When  the  Starrys  came  into  this  same  township,  the  daughter,  Mary, 
walked  nearly  all  the  way  and  drove  the  cows  before  her.  It  was  well  that 
they  had  flour  for  a  year's  use,  for  it  was  one  hundred  miles  to  the  nearest  mill. 

Courtship  and  marriage  are,  by  far,  the  rnost  entertaining  and  important 
themes  to  women,  and  a  wedding  was  an  occasion  of  the  greatest  jovialty  and 
merry-making  to  these  Western  dames,  in  their  very  practical  and  working-day 
life. 

Miss  Ballard  was  the  first  bride  in  Iowa  Township,  and  was  married  in  the 
Spring  of  1850.  We  may  state,  en  passmit — for  it  is  of  no  material  impor- 
tance— that  the  groom's  name  was  Almarion  Gear,  and  that  Andrew  Jackson 
Smith  was  the  Justice  Avho  performed  the  ceremony.  The  quaint  license  is  still 
to  be  seen  among  the  county  papers. 

The  wedding  was  a  jollification  in  which  they  carried  the  fun  to  the  limit  of 
tucking  the  bride  snugly  up  in  bed,  and  laughing  at  her  discomfiture.  A  boun- 
tiful supper  is  remembered  as  not  the  least  pleasant  feature  of  the  affair.  Per- 
haps they  had  pounded  or  cracked  corn  for  refreshments  (we  can  only  suppose, 


432  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

since  what  they  did  have  is  not  on  record),  which  always  served  to  provoke  a 
good  deal  of  merry  rivalry  as  to  whose  teeth  were  the  strongest  in  crushing  the 
tough  kernels ;  or  perhaps  they  had  crab-apples  stewed  in  sorghum  syrup — 
another  delicacy,  which  had  two  merits :  the  sorghum  had  of  itself  such  a  pow- 
erful flavor  that  it  quite  deadened  the  pucker  of  the  apples,  and  the  apples  were 
so  fearfully  sour  and  astringent  that  they  went  a  long  way  toward  neutralizing 
the  sorghum.  At  any  rate,  whether  these  were  a  part  of  the  menu  or  not,  we 
do  know  that  all  had  a  good  time. 

The  difficulties  that  lay  in  the  way  of  courtship  then,  as  always,  were  disre- 
garded. 

At  one  time,  Mr.  Greer,  a  widower,  of  Timber  Creek,  went  to  Jack  Brad- 
dy's  to  pay  his  addresses  to  a  young  lady  who  lived  there.  It  was  only  eight 
miles  away,  and  it  is  supposable  that  the  wings  of  Cupid  helped  the  swain  along, 
for  the  distance  was  as  nothing. 

When  he  got  there,  being  in  some  doubt  as  to  the  state  of  his  inamorata's 
feelings,  he  whispered  to  Jack  Braddy,  "Do  you  suppose  she'll  set  ? '' — mean- 
ing that  if  she  would  net  with  him  he  could  feel  certain  of  being  looked  upon 
with  favor. 

But  with  the  sound  of  feasting  comes  also  the  voice  of  mourning.  In  the 
year  1855,  a  family  of  the  name  of  Hoppin  settled  in  Jefferson  Township.. 
The  husband  had  been  a  dry  goods  clerk  in  New  Jersey,  and  the  wife  had  seen 
better  days,  and  there  were  two  little  children.  He  had  only  $500,  and  was 
wholly  inexperienced  in  pioneer  living.  But  seeing  the  beautiful  prairie,  it 
looked  an  easy  task  to  make  it  yield  forth  its  abundance.  So  he  bought  an  un- 
fenced  claim,  a  cabin,  a  cow,  and  a  yoke  of  oxen,  and  began. 

The  first  year,  his  crop  was  a  little  corn,  a  few  pumpkins  and  perhaps  a 
peck  of  garden  beans.  The  cold  Winter  of  '56-57  came  on,  and  he  was  taken 
down  with  typhoid  fever,  and  died  without  medical  attendance.  Soon  after,  the 
cattle  died,  and  this  brave  woman  and  her  two  children  lived  alone  all  that  ter- 
rible Winter.  There  was  nothing  to  buy ;  and  had  there  been,  she  had  no 
money.  She  wore  her  husband's  boots  and  coats,  got  all  their  fuel,  dug  snow- 
drifts, lived  on  parched  corn  for  bread,  and  did  not  see  a  cup  of  tea  or  coffee 
for  eighteen  months. 

Still  she  clung  to  the  farm,  and  the  next  year  she  raised  a  good  crop,  with- 
out a  fence,  the  neighbors  lending  a  team.  In  six  years  she  sold  the  farm  for 
$1,800,  and,  with  the  proceeds  of  the  year's  produce,  went  back  to  her  old 
home. 

It  is  supposable  that  she  knew  more  about  farming  than  the  Baltimore  lady 
did,  who,  in  Marshalltown,  took  her  hoe  and  went  out  into  the  garden  to. get 
some  cucumbers.  She  returned  to  the  house  and  reported  that  she  coidd  not 
find  any,  for  she  had  dug  up  three  hills  and  not  one  could  she  discover.  She 
supposed  that  tliey  grew  like  potatoes. 

A  further  instance  of  pluck,  though  not  under  such  sad  circumstances  as 
Mrs.  Hoppin 's,  was  shown  by  the  Marshalltown  ladies  of  the  Bell  Society. 
They  were  accustomed  to  meet  afternoons  in  each  other's  parlors,  and  their  ob- 
ject was  to  procure  a  bell.  One  of  their  rules  was  that  any  lady  who  had  upon 
her  supper  table  more  than  one  kind  of  cake  or  fruit  should  pay  a  fine  of  $5. 

Well,  one  day,  in  discussing  matters  of  interest,  as  ladies  will,  Mrs.  Lacey 
read  an  essay  on  the  prospects  of  their  growing  young  city.  She  avowed  the 
purpose  of  the  ladies  to  help  finish  the  Court  House  in  time  for  the  election — 
that  is,  they  would  use  hammer  and  nails,  planes  and  saws  upon  the  temple  of 
Justice. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  483 

Mr,  Woodbury  took  them  at  their  word,  and  ordered  them  out  the  next 
Monday,  to  take  their  places  with  the  volunteer  workmen.  But  any  man  of 
sagacity  should  have  known  that  Monday  is  washing  day  in  all  thrifty  commu- 
nities. The  consequence  was,  but  few  responded  to  the  order.  But  they  made 
up  for  it  later,  when  the  public  square  was  to  be  fenced,  for  they  inclosed  three 
sides  of  it,  buying  all  the  lumber,  nails,  etc.,  themselves. 


STATISTICAL. 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  this  county  with  others  of  the  State,  in  the 
matter  of  acquired  knowledge.  In  a  population  of  19,629,  there  are  but  eighty 
persons  over  16  years  of  age,  of  both  sexes,  who  cannot  read.  There  were  25 
persons  between  the  ages  16  and  21,  of  both  sexes;  25  additional  males  over  21 
years  of  age,  and  30  females  over  21,  who  were  unable  to  read. 

There  were  653  children  born  in  1874  (the  last  State  census),  and  215 
deaths.     The  healthfulness  of  this  climate  is  beyond  question  or  dispute. 


POST  OFFICES. 

The  post  offices  of  the  county  are:  Marshalltown,  State  Center,  Albion, 
Gilman,  Dillon,  Liscomb,  Laurel,  Timber  Creek,  Edenville,  Lamoille,  Quarry^ 
Le  Grand,  Green  Mountain,  Marietta,  Minerva,  Bevins'  Grove,  Illinois  Grove,^ 
Stanford,  Bangor  and  Vienna. 

THE  PRESS. 

The  newspapers  of  Marshall  County  have  always  wielded  a  powerful  influ- 
ence. From  the  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  first  paper  up  to  the  present 
time,  there  has  been  a  tone  of  vigor  about  the  press  that  has  commanded  a  wide 
following.  To-day  the  newspapers  of  Marshalltown  rank  high  in  the  States 
and  are  managed  by  men  of  responsibility,  experience  and  weight. 

Wherever  we  go,  in  the  work  of  preserving  records,  we  find  the  early  press 
one  of  the  most  valuable  -aids  in  the  prosecution  of  our  task  ;  but  we  have 
never  found  more  emphatic  exponents  of  the  sentiment  of  the  people  than  here 
in  Marshall  County. 

During  the  long  years  which  covered  the  county  seat  contest  period,  the 
opposing  factions  were  ably  represented  by  newspapers  of  far  more  than  ordi- 
nary power.  The  circumstances  demanded  papers  of  Aveight,  and  the  demand 
was  met  in  full  degree.  The  development  of  the  press  in  most  counties  is  not 
stimulated  as  it  was  in  this.  Here  the  great  question  of  the  location  of  the 
seat  of  justice  permeated  all  things,  governed  all  things,  and  finally  settled  all 
things.  Which  ever  way  we  turn,  we  encounter  the  evidences  of  the  struggle. 
as  clearly  as  we  can  determine  the  geologic  eras  by  the  records  of  the  rocks. 
Men  were  made  rich  or  poor  by  it ;  towns  were  increased  or  diminished  by  it ; 
business  was  controlled  by  it.  Newspapers,  like  all  other  public  institutions, 
found  their  fate  hanging  upon  the  issue  thereof,  and  fought  for  mastery  with 
the  determination  of  desperate  beings. 

The  introduction  of  newspapers  into  civilized  communities  is  always  at  an 
early  date,  nowadays.  This  county  is  so  young  as  to  be  properly  classed 
among  the  modern  organizations,  in  the  matter  of  papers  as  well  as  many  other 


434  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY." 

refining  institutions.  We  find  that  the  people  were  but  comfortably  located 
upon  their  farms  and  in  the  little  hamlets  before  a  cry  was  raised  for  a  county 
organ. 

In  the  Fall  of  1855,  but  six  years  after  the  organization  of  the  county,  a 
company  was  formed  at  Comanche,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  for  the  purpose  of 
jiublishing  a  paper  at  La  Fayette,  now  Albion,  in  Marshall  County.  The  selec- 
tion of  La  Fayette,  instead  of  the  county  seat.  Marietta,  was  doubtless  deter- 
mined upon  because  of  the  preference  manifested  by  the  editor  that  was  to  be,  for 
that  little  village  as  a  place  of  residence,  and  possibly  with  an  eye  to  the  avoid- 
ance of  open  partisanism  in  the  county  seat  question,  then  looming  up  omi- 
nously. It  may  be  that  the  projectors  of  the  plan  hoped  to  gain  patronage  from 
both  parties,  and  prevent  any  overt  demonstrations  of  hostility  to  the  hazardous 
scheme.  The  company  consisted  of  J.  W.  Tripp,  Thomas  J.  Wilson,  H.  C. 
Knapp,  A.  L.  Dunn  and  Orson  Robert.  Mr.  Tripp  had  fully  decided  upon 
the  village  of  La  Fayette  as  his  future  home,  and  regarded  the  introduction  of 
-a  newspaper  there  as  the  surest  way  of  improving  the  place. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  chosen  as  the  editor,  and  in  November,  1855,  after  the 
press  and  furniture  of  the  office  had  been  transported  to  the  village  by 
means  of  ox  teams,  the  Central  Journal  made  its  first  appearance.  It  was  a  very 
creditable  sheet,  but  the  genius  of  a  Greeley  could  not  create  business  patronage 
in  a  town  where  it  did  not  exist.  Mr.  Tripp  did  not  find  the  investment  very 
profitable,  and  in  the  Spring  of  1856,  he  sold  his  share  in  the  office  to  Ellis 
Weaver.  S.  W.  Griffin  purchased  a  small  interest  in  the  concern.  The  busi- 
ness of  the  first  year  was  discouragingly  small,  and  utter  abandonment  of  the 
project  was  talked  of.  It  was  also  proposed  to  remove  the  paper  to  Marshall. 
At  this  period  in  the  life  of  the  journalistic  infant,  Mr.  E.  N.  Chapin  visited 
La  Fayette.  He  saw  the  possibilities  that  opened  up  in  the  dim  future.  He 
bought  the  company  out,  paying  $800  in  gold  for  the  newspaper  concern. 

Mr.  Chapin  associated  with  himself  Mr.  R,  H.  Barnhart,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Chapin  &  Barnhart,  and  began  the  publication  of  the  loiva  Central 
Journal.  The  first  issue  appeared  December  31,  1856.  The  paper  was  the 
only  one  within  a  100  miles  radius  (with  possibly  one  exception,  a  paper  at  El- 
dora).  and  was  conducted  in  a  manner  satisfactory  to  the  people. 

One  year  after  the  publication  of  the  Journal^  under  its  new  management, 
A.  J.  High  and  A.  J.  Kinney  introduced  the  Marietta  Express.,  sending  out 
the  first  number  December  17,  1857.  The  new  paper  was,  as  might  be  ex- 
j^ected,  a  champion  of  Marietta  as  the  county  seat.  These  rival  papers  began 
ro  wage  war  after  the  fashion  of  western  editors. 

In  February,  1858,  Mr.  Chapin  leased  his  interest  in  the  Journal  to  his 
[tartner,  and  engaged  in  other  business.  The  probable  removal  of  the  county 
seat  to  Marshall  induced  Mr.  Barnhart  to  remove  the  office  to  that  place,  where, 
on  the  13th  day  of  October.  1858,  the  first  paper  was  issued  from  a  Marshall 
office.  The  name  of  the  paper  was  changed  to  The  Marshall  County  Times. 
The  Times  was  Republican  in  politics,  and  promised  to  observe  the  require- 
ments of  a  county  newspaper,  without  being  a  •'  tool  "  or  an  "  organ."  H.  C. 
Henderson  and  R.  Howe  Taylor  were  editors.  Mr.  Barnhart  soon  purchased 
Mr.  Chapin's  interest,  and  became  sole  proprietor. 

We  have  associated  the  Marietta  Express  and  the  Journal  and  Times  with- 
out completing  the  history  of  cither,  because  of  the  fact  that  those  papers  were 
the  leading  spirits  of  the  county  seat  war,  or,  rather  the  medium  through  which 
the  men  engaged  in  the  struggle,  made  known  their  respective  cases.  The 
Express  continued   to  exist  until  the  seat  was  removed,  in  1860,  when  it  was 


HISTORY  OP  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  435 

compelled  to  die  from   lack  of  support.     The   office  was  removed  to  Toledo, 
Tama  County. 

The  Times,  being  on  the  winning  side,  thrived  and  grew  apace.  In  1861, 
Mr.Barnhart  sold  the  paper  to  William  H.  Gallup,  who  continued  its  publication. 
In  the  Summer  of  1861,  Mr.  Chapin  purchased  the  old  Express  office  of 
Mr.  Kinney,  and  brought  it  to  Marshall,  where  he  began  the  publication  of  the 
Iowa  Valley  News,  associating  with  him  N.  S.  Howard  and  Charles  C.  Carlton. 
This  concern  was  prospering,  when  disaster  overtook  it.  The  office,  account 
books,  subscription  lists  and  all  connected  therewith,  were  burned  and  everything 
destroyed,  February  19,  1862.  This  ended  the  News  and  wiped  out  the  last 
traces  of  the  Express. 

In  May,   1862,  Barnhart  Brothers,  G.  W.,  Warren  and  Arthur  A.,  com- 
menced the  Exjjositor,  which  was  continued  for  nearly  a  year. 

Meanwhile,  Mr.  Gallup  sold  the  Times  to  Chapin  &  Co.,  and  in  the  Spring 
of  1862,  Edwin  Rice  published  the  Daily  Telegraph,  but  soon  gave  up  the 
scheme ;  Mr.  Chapin  then  issued  the  Daily  Times  and  News,  but,  early  in 
1863,  retransferred  the  paper  to  Mr.  Gallup,  who  discontinued  the  daily  edi- 
tion. The  latter  made  another  attempt  to  dispose  of  the  office,  and,  in  1862, 
sold  it  to  I.  T.  Britton,  Avith  G.  A.  Clark  as  editor.  At  this  point  the  Barn- 
hart  Bros,  sold  the  Expositor  to  Mr.  Britton,  who  merged  the  Times  and  Ex- 
positor, and  called  this  paper  the  Union. 

In  1863,  the  Union  was  returned  to  its  original  owners,  Chapin  &  Barn- 
hart,  who  restored  the  old  title  of  3farshall  County  Times. 

In  1864,  Chapin  &  Barnhart  sold  the  Times  to  H.  C.  Henderson,  who  con- 
tinued its  publication  with  marked  ability  until  1866,  when  he  disposed  of  the 
concern  to  Charles  Aldrich  and  G.  H.  Welch.  From  the  latter  firm,  the  pre- 
sent proprietors  obtained  possession  July  23,  1869,  and  have  since  conducted 
the  business  under  the  name  of  Chapin  &  Sower.  The  firm  is  composed  of  E. 
N.  Chapin,  the  veteran  newspaper  man  of  the  county  and  present  Postmaster- 
at  Marshalltown,  and  George  Sower.  A  daily  edition  was  begun  by  the 
Times  April  27,  1875,  and  is  still  in  successful  operation. 

The  Advance  was  started  in  1865,  by  Barnhart  Bros.  <&  Carlton.  The 
firm  was  changed  by  the  retirement  of  Carlton,  in  favor  of  F.  H.  Barnhart.  a 
nephew  of  R.  H.  Barnhart.  The  firm  was  known  as  Barnhart  Bros,  k  Barn- 
hart. A  daily  edition  was  published  for  some  time,  possibly  three  months. 
The  business  proved  unremunerative  after  something  like  two  years. 

On  the  ruins  of  the  Advance,  F.  H.  Barnhart  constructed  the  Central  loiv a 
Democrat.  He  had  no  press,  but  procured  his  presswork  at  the  Times  office. 
The  paper  lived  a  year  and  a  half,  when  it  was  compelled  to  succumb  to  the 
force  of  circumstances  unsuited  to  newspaper  longevity. 

The  Temperance  Standard  was  raised  in  May,  1869,  by  Holt  Bros.,  with 
E.  M.  Holt  as  editor.  It  waved  about  six  months,  and  then  quietly  wrapped 
the  drapery  of  its  little  couch  about  it  and  lay  down  to  pleasant  dreams. 

The  Marshall  Repuhlican  was  established  as  a  weekly  Republican  j  ournal,  July 
1,  1871,  by  Thomas  Mercer  and  Thomas  E.  McCracken.  Mr.  Mercer  wrote  the 
leading  edtorials  and  was  recognized  as  business  manager,  and  Mr.  McCracken  (who 
was  then  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  District)  devoted  his  spare  moments 
to  the  local  writing.  They  continued  to  publish  the  paper  until  Nov.  13, 1873, 
when  Mr.  Mercer  retired.  Mr.  M.  Waterman  purchased  a  quarter  interest  in 
the  establishment,  and  Mr.  Chas.  Carlton  also  negotiated  for  a  quarter  interest, 
but  held  it  only  a  few  months,  when  it  reverted  to  Mr.  McCracken.  The  busi- 
ness name  of  the  firm  was  T.  E.  McCracken  &  Co.,  Mr.  McCracken  being  editor  in 


436  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

chief.  In  April,  1874,  Mr.  A.  H.  Neidig  purchased  Mr.  McCracken's  interest, 
and  the  paper  was  continued  under  the  firm  name  A.  N.  Neidig  <&  Co..  Mr. 
Neidig  took  charge  as  editor  while  Mr.  Waterman  continued  as  business  manager 
and  local  writer.  On  the  15th  of  March,  1875,  a  semi-weekly  edition  was 
started  in  addition  to  the  weekly,  both  of  wluch  editions  have  been  successfully 
continued  to  the  present  time  by  these  gentlemen.  The  importance  of  the  Re- 
publican in  political  circles  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  Mr.  Neidig  has  filled  the 
post  of  Chairman  of  the  State  Central  Committee.  The  editorials  are  vigorous 
and  ably  written,  and  the  paper  is  an  established  institution. 

The  Marshall  Statesman,  a  Democratic  paper,  began  life  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Boyd,  Mitchell  k  Burkart,  July  31,  1875.  The  following  week  Mr. 
Boyd  retired,  leaving  the  two  last  named  gentlemen  of  the  firm  at  the  helm. 
June  24,  1876,  Cook  Sanford  purchased  Mr.  Mitchell's  interest,  and  since 
that  time  the  paper  has  been  edited  by  Mr.  Sanford,  with  Mr.  Burkart  as  prac- 
tical manager.  The  Statesman  is  one  of  the  freest,  boldest  and  most  positive 
papers  issued  in  this  or  any  other  county,  and  will  continue  to  be  so  while  Cook 
Sanford  remains  at  its  head. 

The  State  Centre  Enterprise  first  appeared  October  14,  1871,  with  D.  A. 
Lacey  &  Co.,  publishers,  and  D.  A.  Lacey,  editor.  On  the  4th  of  October, 
1872,  Mr.  Lacey  retired,  and  J.  W.  Merrill  became  proprietor.  The  Enter- 
prise was  enlarged  by  its  present  owner,  and  is  a  successful  venture. 

A  paper  called  the  Northwest  was  started  in  Liscomb,  in  1875,  but  did  not 
long  survive. 

Among  the  editorial  profession  in  this  county,  Mrs.  Nettie  Sanford  holds  a 
position  of  honor,  fairly  won  by  the  trenchant  vigor  of  her  pen  and  the  enter- 
prise of  her  works.  The  lady  has  done  much  to  elevate  the  tone  of  the  press 
and  preserve  its  dignity.  Mrs.  Sanford  has  written  several  historical  sketches 
of  Marshall  County.  Her  last  editorial  work  was  done  in  a  journal  called  the 
Ladies'  Bureau,  and  published  in  Marshalltown  for  several  months,  in  1876. 

In  1874,  a  paper  called  the  Independent  Critic  was  started  at  Oilman,  by 
a  man  named  Parish,  and  was  continued  about  forty  weeks.  The  printing  was 
done  at  Grinnell.     The  Critic  disappeared  from  earth. 

In  1876,  the  Gilman  Record  was  established  by  S.  W.  Grow,  who  contin- 
ued the  same  from  June  of  that  year  until  March,  1877,  when  he  sold  to  E. 
Hoskyn.  Mr.  Hoskyn  sold  the  paper  in  February,  1878,  to  F.  W.  Browne,  of 
Tama  City,  who  is  the  present  owner.  Prior  to  this  last  transfer,  the  name  of 
the  paper  was  changed  to  that  of  The  Gilman  Dispatch,  and  is  now  so  called. 

The  National  Greenback  was  brought  from  Marengo  to  Marshalltown,  in 
March,  1878.  The  first  number  was  issued  in  April,  under  the  name  of 
Rutherford's  Porcupine,  by  George  W.  Rutherford.  In  July  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  first  given  title. 

7'he  Daily  Sun  began  as  the  Daily  Porcupine,  July  14,  1878,  under  the 
management  of  George  W.  Rutherford,  in  Marshalltown.  Aug.  9th,  it  was 
purchased  by  Lambert  &  Co.,  and  the  name  changed  to  the  Daily  Sun. 


AGRICULTURAL  INTERESTS. 

COUNTY    AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 

The  first  fair  in  Marshall  County  was  held  at  Marshall,  in  the  public 
square  and  in  the  Court  House,  Oct.  14,  15,  16,  1858.  The  officers  of  the 
association  were  E.  T.  Currens,  President ;  William  Bremner,  Secretary.     The 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  437 

fair  proved  a  grand  success.  The  Marsliall  County  Times  of  that  date,  says  : 
'•  We  never  saw  finer  vegetables  at  any  fair.  The  display  of  horses  and 
cattle  was  ■  very  good.  Of  swine  there  were  some  fine  specimens.  We 
saw  no  sheep  on  the  grounds,  but  this  certainly  was  an  oversight,  for  Mar- 
shall County  has  some  fine  sheep  in  it."  The  other  departments  w^re 
pronounced  well  filled.  An  incident  of  the  fair :  A  godless  young  scamp, 
dressed  himself  in  his  sister's  riding-habit  and  entered  the  lists  at  the 
ladies'  equestrian  match.  He  was  detected  and  expelled  from  the  ground 
and  received  a  ringing  rebuke  from  the  Times.  Boys  were  boys  in  1858,  as 
well  as  in  1878.  No  money  premiums  were  awarded  at  this  first  meeting  of 
the  association. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  at  Albion,  Oct.  11th  and  12th,  1859.  The 
Times  of  Oct.  26th,  says  :  "  The  first  day's  exhibition  commenced  by  the 
exhibition  of  horses  on  the  public  square,  where  a  ring  had  been  formed  a  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  in  circumference,  which  we  thought  rather  too  large  for  the  spec- 
tators to  get  a  fair  view  of  the  stock,  although  mighty  fine  for  trotting  nags. 
The  second  day's  work  was  opened  by  the  exhibition  of  cattle,  and  the  fore- 
noon consumed  in  awarding  premiums  on  cattle,  swine,  etc. 

"In  the  afternoon,  female  equestrianship  was  the  first  thing  on  the  docket. 
Mrs.  Jenny  Crow  received  the  first  premium.  The  display  of  in-door  articles 
was  fine,  as  was  also  the  display  of  vegetables."  The  fair  proved  quite  a  suc- 
cess, and  was  a  source  of  great  gratification  to  the  visitors.  The  officers  for 
1859  were  E.  T.  Currens,  President ;  Thomas  Swearingen,  Vice  President ; 
W.  C.  Smith,  Treasurer ;  Wm.  Bremner,  Secretary.  The  receipts  were  about 
^145,  and  an  aggregate  of  about  475  entries. 

The  Treasurer's  exhibit  for  1859  is  as  follows : 

Amount  in  treasury 1 150  00 

Received  from  all  sources  for  1859 145  QO 

$295  00 

Paid  out  in  premiums.- 139  00 

Paid  out  for  papers,  diplomas,  etc 136  00 

1275  00 
Balance 20  00 

The  officers  elected  for  1860,  were  C.  C.  Brown,  President ;  Thomas 
Swearingen,  Vice  President ;  William  Bremner,  Secretary ;  John  [Jtz,  Treas- 
urer. The  fair  for  1860,  was  held  at  Marietta,  Sept.  i9th,  20th  and  21st. 
In  the  ladies  department  there  was  a  much  better  exhibition  than  in  the 
agricultural. 

Messrs.  Currens,  Botson  and  Wickersham  exhibited  some  fine  blooded  cat- 
tle. There  were  also  some  fine  specimens  of  horses,  sheep  and  hogs.  The 
fair  did  not  prove  much  of  a  success  this  year.  There  seemed  to  have  been  a 
lack  of  energy  on  the  part  of  the  people  to  push  it  through. 

A  meeting  was  held  on  the  25th  of  September,  1860,  when  a  final  effort 
was  made  to  get  the  Society  into  better  working  order.  A  committee  of  one 
from  each  township  was  appointed  to  canvass  his  own  town,  and  secure  as  manv 
members  as  possible  by  the  1st  of  January.  1861.  Three  propositions  were 
received  relative  to  the  donating  of  grounds  on  certain  conditions.  The  Board 
held  another  meeting  November  10,  when  it  was  decided  to  accept  the  ])roposi- 
tion  of  Norilla  Gillespie,  that  the  society  could  have  the  use  of  ten  acres  of 
land  on  condition  that  the  Society  would  fence  it.  The  land  was  then  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  northwest  of  Marshalltown ;   it  is  now  inclosed  in  what  is 


438  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

known  as  Gillespie's  First  and  Second  Additions  to  Marsballtown.  The  Times 
says  of  the  location,  that  no  better  place  could  have  been  found,  it  being  on 
high  ground  and  near  to  Marsballtown.  A  large  number  became  members  this 
year,  and  the  people  gave  the  project  their  hearty  support.  The  fourth  annual 
fair  of  the  county,  and  the  second  ever  held  in  Marsballtown,  commenced  Septem- 
ber 11th  and  lasted  two  days.  There  were  727  entries;  attendance,  fair. 
The  total  receipts  were  $224.  The  fair  continued  to  be  held  here  until  1864, 
meeting  with  only  partial  success.  The  Society  re-organized  this  year  as  a 
stock  company,  with  shares  of  $10  each,  and  over  two  thousand  dollars  was  soon 
paid.  The  object  of  the  Society  was  to  associate  together  for  mutual  improve- 
ment to  farmers,  stock  raisers,  mechanics,  fruit  growers,  artisans,  florists,  and 
anv  and  all  persons  engaged  in  any  active  pursuit  or  profession.  Under  this 
new  organization,  the  Societ}'  purchased  twenty  acres  of  land,  of  Chester  Clark, 
two  miles  east  of  the  Court  House,  partly  inclosed  the  same  with  a  tight  board 
fence,  and  erected  temporary  sheds.  The  premium  list  was  enlarged,  and  the 
fair  held  October  L)  and  7,  18<)4,  and,  with  all  the  imperfections  and  the  jour- 
ing  rains,  the  show  of  live  stock  was  better  than  ever  before ;  and  the  receipts, 
after  paying  premiums  and  expenses — the  premiums  amounting  to  nearly  eight 
hundred  dollars — showed  a  surplus  of  a  good  sum.  The  Society  continued  to 
hold  their  fairs  at  this  place  until  August  7,  1870,  when  they  purchased  forty 
acres  of  land  of  Mrs.  Webster,  for  $183^  per  acre,  directly  east  of  Marshall 
about  half  a  mile.  The  Society  found  itself  unable  to  pay  for  the  ground, 
when  twenty  of  the  citizens  came  to  the  rescue  and  issued  $10,000  worth  of 
preferred  stock.  Nearly  all  the  money  thus  raised  was  devoted  to  repairing 
the  grounds  and  making  necessary  improvements.  The  conditions  of  the 
issuance  of  this  preferred  stock  were  that  "  it  should  receive  in  dividends.  10  per 
cent.,  after  which  the  common  or  old  stock  should  share  alike  in  all  property." 

When  the  payments  matured,  the  Society  was  unable  to  meet  them,  and 
Mrs.  Webster  proceeded  against  the  Society  and  legally  foreclosed  her  mort- 
gage, and  the  property,  including  all  apparatus  appertaining  thereto,  was  bid 
in  by  Mrs.  Webster,  April  23,  1875.  This  proceeding  in  law  of  course  closed 
out  all  the  interest  of  the  original  and  preferred  stockholders  alike,  making  the 
title  perfect  in  Mrs.  Webster. 

Mrs.  Webster  deeded  the  property  and  all  its  appurtenances  to  the  Marshall 
County  Fair  Grounds  Company,  September  7,  187;"),  who  are  the  owners  of  the 
Fair  Ground.  The  condition  of  the  agricultural  association  is  steadily  improv- 
ing, and  the  management  hope  to  make  it  the  best  in  Iowa. 

THE   DAIRY. 

This  chapter  will  be  far  more  suggestive  and  prophetic  than  historic,  and 
might  be  introduced  into  some  current  publication  with  more  propriety,  perhaps, 
than  into  the  pages  of  a  work  of  permanent  value.  But  we  give  place  to  this 
article  for  the  sake  of  the  prediction  implied  or  expressed. 

At  the  present  time,  one  of  the  greatest  industries  within  the  reach  of  the 
people  is  almost  untouched.  The  region  is  designed  by  nature  for  a  dairy 
country.  There  is  an  abundance  of  everything  needed  in  a  crude  state  to  intro- 
duce and  conduct  this  important  business.  But  in  spite  of  all  the  advantages 
of  soil,  water  and  climate,  there  iiave  been  but  two  or  three  attempts  to  carry  on 
dairying  here,  and  those,  for  obvious  reasons,  proved  only  moderately  successful. 

In  the  first  place,  let  us  consider  the  question  in  a  practical  manner,  and 
judge  by  the  prosperity  of  other  localities  whether  Marshall  County  can  safely 
invest  in  the  manufacture  of  butter  and  cheese. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  439 

What  are  the  primary  requisites  in  the  case  ?  First,  a  fertile  soil,  which 
will  produced  a  perennial  sod,  from  which  hay  can  be  cut  for  winter  use,  and 
also  which  will  furnish  proper  green  pasturage  during  the  out-door  feeding  sea- 
son. Second,  a  soil  and  climate  which  will  produce  corn  and  small  gi^ains^ 
artichokes,  pease,  etc.     Third,  good  water,  and  a  cheap  and  abundant  ice  crop. 

These  may  be  regarded  as  the  fundamental  conditions  necessary  to  the 
economic  manufacture  of  dairy  products.  There  are  others  which  may  be  sug- 
gested to  the  minds  of  practical  dairymen,  but  surely  these  are  the  first  and 
most  important  points  to  be  considered.  Has  Marshall  County  these  advan- 
tages ?  Yes.  There  is  no  longer  a  doubt  as  to  the  quality  and  durability  of 
her  sod  ;  the  adundance  and  richness  of  her  grasses,  of  her  hay  crop.  She  has 
a  climate  between  that  of  Minnesota  and  Kansas — an  intermediate  grade  which 
enables  her  to  raise  luxuriant  corn,  and  at  the  same  time  reap  rich  harvests  of 
small  grains.  It  may  be  said  that  no  country  surpasses  this  for  diversity  and 
quantity  of  yield  of  crops.  Others  are  better  exclusive  corn  regions  or  wheat 
regions,  but  none  combine  wheat,  oats,  corn,  and  the  small  grains  in  the  same 
degree.  Therefore,  we  say  that  this  county  is  adapted  by  natural  productive- 
ness for  dairying. 

Can  cattle  thrive  here?  Yes.  A  grade  of  common  stock  crossed  with 
blood  of  pure  strain,  are  hearty,  strong  in  flesh  and  rich  milkers.  We  doubt  if 
pure  bloods  do  as  well  as  coarser  textures ;  but  mixed  stock  is  suited  to  the 
climate  in  admirable  degree. 

Is  the  water  and  ice  supply  ample  ?  Yes.  In  quality  and  quantity  there 
is  sufficient  Avater  to  warrant  the  erection  of  many  creameries  in  the  county. 

If  these  statements  are  true,  why  is  it  that  so  few  good  butter  makers  are 
found  in  the  county  ?  We  are  not  speaki-ng  of  private  dairying,  but  of  the 
introduction  of  skilled  men  and  approved  machinery.  Private  butter  making 
has  no  more  comparison  to  creamery  business  than  hand  spinning  has  to  the 
power  loom. 

In  1866,  this  county  produced  273,254  pounds  of  butter  and  21,291  pounds 
of  cheese;  and  in  1874,  625,418  pounds  of  butter  and  5,083  pounds  of  cheese. 
This  exhibit  shows  that  no  systematic  attention  is  paid  to  the  work,  but  that  the 
natural  increase  forces  people  into  a  greater  production.  At  the  same  time, 
the  quality  ranks  only  as  "grease"  in  the  Eastern  market,  except  in  the  few 
rare  cases  of  choice  butter  makers  among  the  farmers'  wives.  This  is  not 
intended  as  a  reflection  upon  the  women  of  the  county,  for  it  is  true  that  the 
fault  lies  fully  as  much  at  the  men's  door  as  theirs.  The  men  have  not  pre- 
pared suitable  places  in  which  to  make  and  preserve  the  butter  that  is  made, 
and,  consequently,  the  most  careful  products  deteriorate  because  of  lack  of  ice 
and  dairy-rooms.  We  do  not  blame  the  women  for  not  working  with  better 
heart,  under  such  circumstances.  Dairying  is  laborious  in  the  extreme  and 
scarcely  worth  the  time  expended  on  it,  if  the  butter  so  made  is  salable  only 
at  third  rate  or  as  grease. 

This  article  is  designed  to  benefit  both  men  and  women  It  is  intended  to  point 
out  a  way  by  which  the  men  can  efi"ect  a  revenue  365  days  in  the  year,  instead  of 
having  two  seasons  of  hurry  and  distraction  and  then  an  idle  time,  so  far  as  pro- 
duction goes ;  and  it  is  also  intended  to  indicate  this  desirable  improvement  in 
a  way  to  relieve  the  hard-worked  women  of  a  portion  of  their  task. 

As  we  have  said,  the  present  system  of  farming  furnishes  a  time  of  bustle 
and  expense  at  seeding  season,  and  another  when  harvest  approaches.  The 
profit  rests  almost  entirely  upon  the  profit  of  one  crop.  If  wheat  runs  light, 
the  net  result  of  all  that  year's  labor  is  most  discou^  aging.     Between  harvest  and 


440  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

harvest  there  is  work  enough  to  do,  but  it  does  not  bring  in  money.  The  farmer 
feels  depressed  over  the  hazard  of  his  main  crop,  and  loses  half  the  comfort  of 
living. 

Suppose  the  system  is  slightly  changed.  The  farmer  increases  his  past- 
urage and  meadow  lands,  and  puts  more  stock  on  his  farm.  He  hires  men  to 
milk  his  cows,  and  twice  a  day  places  300  or  500  pounds  of  milk  on  the  plat- 
form near  his  barns.  The  teamster  employed  in  the  neighborhood  drives  by 
and  carries  the  milk  to  the  creamery,  a  mile  or  two  distant.  When  he  returns, 
he  deposits  the  cans  tilled  with  buttermilk  on  the  platform,  and  the  men  care 
for  them. 

Thus,  day  after  day,  an  income  is  derived  from  the  herd.  The  labor  on 
the  farm  is  not  increased,  for  men  perform  the  work  that  once  so  dragged  upon 
the  mothers  and  daughters. 

The  milk  is  not  the  only  product  of  the  herd.  There  is  the  increase  of  the 
stock.  In  Linn  County,  one  man  who  milked  a  herd  of  sixty  crossed  breeds, 
told  the  writer  that  those  cows  netted  him  $48  per  head,  the  year  before,  in 
milk  and  calves,  without  counting  the  original  herd.  They  more  than  paid  for 
tliemselves  in  one  year.  This  is  not  an  isolated  case.  All  over  Linn  County 
the  farmers  are  going  into  dairying.  They  milk  from  ten  to  seventy-five  cows 
each.  Many  of  them  still  cling  to  the  common  stock,  but  the  more  careful 
find  that  the  value  of  calves  is  greater  with  better  grades,  and  that  the  weight 
and  quality  of  blooded  milk  is  more  profitable,  while  the  cost  of  keeping  is  but 
little  increased. 

Linn  County  has  been  in  the  creamery  business  but  four  years,  and  most  of 
the  factories  have  been  going  but  one  year ;  but  already  there  are  6,000  cows 
milked  for  them,  or  about  three-quarters  as  many  as  are  milked  in  this  entire 
county.  We  predict  that  Linn  County  will  use  the  milk  of  50,000  cows  before 
another  century  begins. 

But  Linn  is  cited  merely  incidentally.  Delaware  County  holds  the  prize. 
From  the  history  of  Delaware,  prepared  by  the  Western  Historical  Company, 
we  make  the  following  selection,  which  explains  itself  and  our  motive  in 
using  it : 

"  About  twenty  years  ago,  the  farmers  of  Delaware  began  to  turn  their  atten- 
tion to  the  dairy,  and  gradually  the  industries  of  the  county  have  changed, 
until  now  (1878),  it  has  become  one  of  the  leading  dairy  counties  in  the  State, 
and  the  manufacture  of  butter,  cheese  and  raising  pork  have  been  its  leading 
agricultural  interests. 

"■  Delaware  butter  commands  the  highest  price  in  Eastern  markets.  Man- 
chester has  become  the  grpat  butter  market  of  Iowa,  rivaling  that  of  any  other 
State  in  the  Northwest,  and  immense  quantities  of  the  dairy  products  of  the 
county  are  shipped  every  week. 

'•In  1858  or  1859,  George  Acres  and  Watson  Childs,  of  Delaware  Town- 
ship, began  the  manufacture  of  cheese,  and,  in  1862,  Mr.  Acres  was  working  up 
the  milk  of  about  thirty  cows. 

"  In  a  public  address,  deliveredlastWinter.  before  the  Dairymen's  Association, 
Mr.  Childs  stated  that  he  was  obliged  to  peddle  out  his  cheese  for  two  or  three 
years,  when  he  first  commenced,  and  used  to  realize  8  or  10  cents  a  pound, 
mainly  in  trade. 

"Asa  C.  Bowen,  who  began  cheese  making  in  1858,  just  south  of  the  county 
line,  says  that  while  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Hopkinton,  in  1856,  he 
brought  butter  to  that  town  from  Albany,  selling  it  at  33|-  cents  a  pound,  and 
A.  R.  Loomis  brought  butter  to  Manchester  from  Marengo,  111.,  about  the  same 


',  o<^^^-^^<^/ 


[deceased) 
I^ARSHALLTOYYH 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  443 

time.  The  introduction  of  the  cheese  vat,  Mr.  Bowen  says,  made  the  handling 
of  large  (|uantities  of  milk  comparatively  easy,  and  he  was  among  the  first  to 
l)ring  the  improved  plan  into  use  in  Iowa. 

''In  June,  1866,  the  Delaware  Cheese  Company  was  organised  at  Delaware  ; 
Wm.  H.  Hefner,  President,  and  K.  W.  Kingsley,  Secretary.  A  building  was 
erected  there  24x40  feet,  two  and  a  half  stories,  and  an  experienced  cheese 
maker  from  Madison  County,  New  York,  engaged  to  take  charge  of  the  factory, 
which  commenced  operations  during  the  month  of  June.  It  continued  in  opera- 
tion until  about  1872,  when  it  suspended,  and  the  building  was  converted  into 
a  stable. 

"A  cheese  factory  was  established  at  Almoral  in  1870,  which  had  a  remu- 
nerative run  until  1875,  when  cheese  making  was  given  up  and  butter  onlv 
manufactured ;  which  was  kept  open  but  two  seasons,  but  with  indifferent  suc- 
cess. Soon  after,  R.  L.  and  0.  E.  Taylor  built  a  cheese  factory  in  Milo  Town- 
ship, which  was  very  skillfully  managed,  but,  in  1877,  cheese  making  was  given 
lip  and  butter  made  instead.  It  was  found  that  making  butter  was  more  profit- 
able than  making  cheese,  and  now  comparatively  little  cheese  is  manufact- 
ured. 

"The  first  stimulus  to  the  butter  industry  was  given  by  L.  A.  Loomis,  of 
Manchester,  who  made  a  contract  in  1862  with  the  Northwestern  Packet  Com- 
pany to  supply  its  boats  with  butter.  Buying  for  cash  only,  although  at  the 
low  rate  of  eight  or  nine  cents  a  pound,  he  became  master  of  the  situation,  and 
■would  take  only  the  best  offered.  Mr.  Loomis  bought  butter  without  opposi- 
tion until  1864,  when  W.  G.  Kenyon  began  to  buy,  followed,  in  1867,  by 
Percival  &  Ayers,  which  made  competition  quite  sharp. 

"The  manufacture  of  butter  increased  steadily  until  1872,  when  the  cream- 
ery system  was  introduced  by  Mr.  John  Stewart,  and  gave  the  dairy  business  of 
the  county  a  powerful  impetus.  Mr.  Stewart  had  been  dealing  in  dairy  products 
for  several  years,  when,  in  1872,  he  built  the  first  creamery  or  butter  factory  in 
the  county,  and,  it  is  thought,  the  first  in  the  State,  on  Spring  Branch,  near  E. 
Packer's,  three  or  four  miles  east  of  Manchester.  Here  he  commenced  buying 
milk  of  the  surrounding  farmers,  and  making  the  cream  into  butter,  according 
to  the  most  approved  method  practiced  by  Eastern  dairymen.  His  business  in- 
creased, and  the  following  year  he  established  similar  "creameries  "  at  Yankee 
Settlement,  Forestville,  Ward's  Corners  and  other  places. 

"A.  C.  Clark  &  Company  started  a  creamery  at  Manchester  in  1874,  and 
at  Mason ville  in  1875. 

"  Having  obtained  the  first  premium  for  butter  for  several  years  at  St.  Louis, 
in  1876,  Mr.  Stewart  determined  to  compete  for  the  golden  prize  offered  at  the 
International  Centennial  Exposition,  at  Philadelphia,  and  received  the  gold 
medal  for  the  best  butter  in  the  world.  His  success  removed  the  prejudice 
existing  in  New  Y'^ork  and  other  Eastern  markets  against  Western,  and  especially 
Iowa,  butter,  and  placed  Delaware  butter  very  high  in  the  estimation  of  dealers 
and  consumers,  and  the  best  grades  soon  commanded  a  higher  price  than  the 
best  New  York  creamery  butter. 

"The  award  of  this  medal  to  Delaware  and  Iowa  was  of  almost  incalculable 
benefit  to  the  county  and  State,  and  is  worth  to  the  farmers  of  the  State  many 
hundred  thousand  dollars  annually.  Mr.  Stewart  is  of  the  opinion  that  this 
region  possesses  certain  peculiarities  of  climate  and  soil  that  give  it  superiority 
over  other  dairy  districts. 

"An  association  of  the  dairymen  was  formed  at  Manchester,  in  February, 
1877,  under  the  name  of  "  Northwestern  Dairvmen's  Association."      The  meet- 


444  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

ing  continued  two  days,  and  much  instruction  was  given  and  received.  John 
Stewart  was  elected  President,  and  Col.  R.  M.  Littler,  of  Davenport,  was  chosen 
Secretary.  The  Association  met  at  Manchester  in  February,  1878,  with  added 
numbers  and  increased  interest. 

"From  abroad  came  Messrs.  Folsom,  J.  N.  Reall  and  Francis  D.  Moulton,  of 
New  York;  Mr.  McGlincey,  Secretary  of  the  Dairy  Board  of  Trade,  Elgin, 
111. ;  and  A.  Ondesleys,  Baltimore.  The  subjects  discussed  covered  the  whole 
business  of  dairying,  from  raising  grass  to  shipping  butter  and  cheese  to  market. 

"  Mr.  L.  0.  Stevens"  furnished  a  description  of  the  creamery  at  Almoral, 
which  will  answer,  in  a  general  way,  to  describe  the  system  pursued : 

"  '  The  Almoral  Creamery  was  established  in  1876,  under  the  name  of  "  The 
Almoral  Dairymen's  Company."  It  is  an  incorporated  company,  with  a  capi- 
tal stock  not  exceeding  $10,000.  Farmers  are  the  stockholders.  Farmers, 
not  stockholders,  patronize  the  institution,  receiving  for  their  milk,  or  rather 
the  butter  product — for  butter  entirely  is  made  at  this  creamery — their  pro 
rata  share  of  the  net  sale  in  market  of  the  butter,  deducting  all  expenses,  viz. : 
rents,  ice,  marketing,  commissions,  brokerage,  etc.  The  butter  is  shipped 
weekly,  and,  in  warm  weather,  in  a  refrigerator  car,  from  Manchester  to  New 
York.  The  Company's  works  are  equal  to  500  cows.  Our  building  is 
thoroughly  fitted,  with  flagstones  laid  in  cement  as  the  groundwork,  with  all 
needful  tanks,  ventilation,  etc.,  and  with  all  requisites  for  sweetness  and  neat- 
ness. We  require  the  manufacturer  of  the  butter  to  be  scrupulously  tidy  in  all 
branches  of  the  business,  and  also  all  packages  of  butter  to  be  placed  on  the 
track  free  from  all  stains  and  carelessness ;  the  milk  to  be  delivered  in  first- 
class  condition,  as  respects  neatness  in  milking  and  proper  care  as  to  cleanli- 
ness of  cans  and  cooling  of  the  milk.  We  propose  at  this  creamery  never  to 
make  either  skim  butter  or  skim  cheese ;  but  to  ever  make  the  best  article 
possible  of  cream  butter,  and  to  continue  to  fight  it  out,  steadily  and  protract- 
edly, "  on  that  line." 

"  '  We  regard  the  sour  milk  returned  to  the  patrons  of  the  creamery  worth 
a  very  large  per  cent,  in  the  raising  of  calves  to  replenish  the  dairy,  and  young 
stock  hogs.  Whey  is  comparatively  valueless,  compared  with  sour  milk,  and 
there  exists  no  substitute  for  sour  milk  for  calves  and  pigs.  As  we  run  our 
creamery,  we  find  it  profitable,  and  are  contented  to  run  it  in  our  (the  farmers') 
best  interest.' 

"There  are  now  in  successful  operation  in  the  county  thirty-three  creamer- 
ies. The  production  for  1877  was  largely  in  excess  of  any  previous"  year,  and 
the  value  of  butter  and  cheese  shipped  was  not  far  from  half  a  million  of  dollars. 
Over  twelve  hundred  thousand  pounds  of  butter  were  sent  from  Manchester. 
The  product  is  shipped  in  refrigerator  cars  twice  a  week,  and  most  of  it  goes  to 
New  York.  Manufacturers  estimate  that  the  dair}^  product  of  the  county  for 
1878  will  be  materially  greater  than  in  1877.  Mr.  Stewart  thinks  the  ship- 
ments of  butter  for  Manchester  alone,  this  year,  will  reach  the  enormous  quan- 
tity of  1,500,000  pounds." 

-'  '  '  t^  SWINE    CULTURE. 

A  controlling  factor  in  the  (question  of  profitable  dairying  is  the  raising  of 
hogs.  If  the  products  of  a  region  are  not  suited  to  the  growth  of  swine,  the 
scheme  might  better  be  abandoned  before  much  money  is  wasted  in  experiment. 
Here  the  advantages  of  the  climate  stand  out  bold  and  enticing.  The  cultiva- 
tion of  the  cereals  necessary  to  hog  culture  is  one  of  the  established  facts. 
Corn,  Brazilian  artichokes,  pease,  and  all  vegetables — roots  or  grains — needed 
by  the  hog  raiser,  here  grow  in  great  abundance  and  with  certainty  of  yield. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  445 

There  is  a  feature  of  this  business  that  has  not  been  suflSciently  enlarged 
upon,  as  yet,  by  the  agriculturists  of  Marshall  County.  Attention  has  not 
been  bestowed  upon  tlie  breed  of  hogs  raised,  nor  has  the  subject  been  consid- 
ered in  a  scientific  manner.  Farming,  hog  raising  and  dairying  are  as  suscept- 
ible of  scientific  analysis  as  are  any  of  the  several  branches  of  trade  and 
industry.  Fixed  laws  govern  them,  and  these  rules  cannot  be  deviated  from 
one  iota  without  hazard  to  the  enterprise. 

For  example,  if  a  farmer  insists  that  coarse  stock  will  breed  as  well  and  sell 
as  readily  as  fine  strains  ;  if  he  insists  that  care  is  not  required  to  fatten  pork 
and  place  it  in  marketable  condition,  he  will  surely  find  that  his  neighbor,  who 
diflfers  from  him  in  theory  and  practice,  wins  the  prize  away  from  him  in 
every  case. 

The  statistics  show  that,  in  1866,  there  were  19,959  hogs  of  all  ages 
returned  in  the  county  ;  but  the  grades  are  not  named.  In  1874,  the  total 
number  shown  was  56,553,  of  which  2,592  were  Berkshire  and  3,318  were 
Poland-Chinas.  Only  a  little  more  than  ten  per  cent,  of  the  entire  hog  crop 
was  blooded ;  while  the  long-nosed,  thin-flanked  animal  was  pushed  upon  the 
market,  bringing  less  in  price  per  pound  and  a  less  number  of  pounds  in  weight 
than  better  animals  would  have  done  with  the  same  care  and  feeding. 

The  premium  car  of  hogs  last  year  was  sent  to  Chicago  from  the  County 
Farm,  in  this  county.  The  average  weight  in  Lamoille,  the  shipping  point, 
after  a  drive  of  perhaps  two  miles,  was  518  pounds;  in  Chicago,  the  average 
weight  was  51 6  pounds.  The  hogs  were  Poland-Chinas.  The  Superintendent 
of  the  farm  believes  in  clean  pens,  pure  water  and  proper  protection  from 
weather.  The  facts  above  cited  bear  him  out  in  his  theory — a  theory 
entertained  by  the  best  breeders  in  the  country,  and  sustained  by  common 
sense. 

There  is  no  animal  so  exceedingly  sensitive  to  climatic  changes  as  a  hog. 
The  best  of  care  should  be  bestowed  upon  it.  Bushes  or  low  sheds  should  be 
furnished  for  protection  against  sharp  winds  or  scorching  sun,  while  stagnant 
pools  are  as  injurious  to  a  hog  as  they  are  to  a  man.  Pens  should  be  kept  dry 
and  clean,  deodorized  and  disinfected  several  times  each  week  by  the  use  of  car- 
bolic acid  and  water.  The  too  prevalent  typhoid  fever,  which  infects  the  air 
and  the  wells  of  so  many  farm  homes,  arises  from  the  filthy  sty  or  the  uncared- 
for  barnyard. 

Man  and  animal  alike  demand  cleanliness,  or  disease  will  surely  follow  the 
violation  of  natural  laws. 

SHEEP    CULTURE.  \ 

Although  the  culture  of  sheep  does  not  properly  belong  to  this  chapter,  we 
introduce  it  here  in  order  that  our  prediction  may  be  comprehensive. 

This  is  a  grand  region  for  sheep,  when  the  proper  grades  are  decided  upon 
and  necessary  preparations  made.  The  flock  numbered  only  13,249  in  1874, 
but  the  farmers  are  becoming  satisfied  that  there  is  money  in  sheep-raising. 
The  best-informed  men  agree  with  this  statement. 

At  present,  there  is  little  or  nothing  done  in  the  way  of  sheep,  but  the 
product  will  be  greatly  increased  during  the  next  decade. 

A    PREDICTION. 

On  the  strength  of  the  reasonings  briefly  outlined  herein,  we  feel  safe  in 
prophesying  that  Marshall  County  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  richest  and 
most  profitable  dairying  regions  in  the  State. 


446  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

That  it  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  greatest  hog-raising  counties  of  the 
State. 

That  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  most  noted  sheep-growing  regions  of 
the  State. 

The  county  is  new,  and  men  have  not  determined  what  branches  of  industry 
to  pursue ;  but  nature  will  settle  the  problem  for  them,  and  bear  us  out  in 
our  assertions.  The  historian  who  takes  up  our  work  fifty  years  from  to- 
day will  refer  to  this  prediction,  and  admit  that  it  was  based  on  solid  calcula 

tion. 

FRUIT   CULTURE. 

The  first  obstacle  in  the  way  of  successful  fruit-growing  here  is  an  igno- 
rance of  the  varieties  which  can  be  grown  in  this  climate.  This  diflSculty  can 
be  obviated  only  by  careful  and  intelligent  experiment. 

When  the  pioneers  first  settled  on  the  prairies  of  Marshall  County,  they 
gave  neither  thought  nor  labor  to  the  planting  of  fruit  trees.  The  wild  crab- 
apple,  the  wild  grape  and  the  prolific  small  fruits  which  filled  wood  and  marsh, 
werd  sufiicient  to  satisfy  a  taste  for  variety  of  diet. 

It  was  several  years  before  trees  were  set  out  in  any  numbers,  and  then  a 
majority  of  the  farmers  merely  stuck  small  trees  into  the  ground,  and  expected 
that  the  marvelous  stories  told  by  ti-aveling  venders  would  prove  true,  without 
care  on  the  part  of  the  farmer. 

The  result  of  such  orcharding  was  naturally  very  discouraging.  If  the 
trees  were  not  killed  during  the  first  Winter,  they  were  so  stunted  by  trans- 
planting in  unsuitable  soil  and  climate  that  years  of  patient  nursing  alone  could 
save  them  or  make  them  profitable.  As  no  such  attention  was  given  them, 
they  struggled  into  a  blighted  life  and  proved  barren. 

In  1866,  thei'e  were  out  4,366  fruit  trees  in  bearing,  while  61,205  were  un- 
productive. Only  963  pounds  of  grapes  were  gathered  in  all  the  county.  This 
was  at  a  time  when  the  fruit  crop  should  have  been  abundant,  but  the  causes  as- 
signed were  too  powerful  to  be  overcome  by  a  mere  desire  on  the  part  of  the 
farmers. 

In  1875,  there  were  25,810  apple  trees,  10,725  cherry  trees,  5.498  plum 
trees,  364  pear  trees  and  2,718  other  varieties  of  fruits,  all  in  bearing.  The 
number  of  trees  not  in  bearing  aggregated  170,754,  but  these  included  young 
orchards. 

These  figures  show  that  fruit  can  be  raised  here.  In  most  parts  of  the 
county,  apples  will  eventually  become  an  excellent  crop ;  but  the  prize  can  be 
won  only  by  skillful  management. 

A  farmer  would  not  think  of  using  an  unknown  variety  of  wheat  for  seed, 
or  a  new  kind  of  corn  for  planting,  and  then  expect  to  reap  a  full  harvest  with- 
out proper  cultivation  of  the  soil.  Why,  then,  should  he  expect  to  grow  fruit 
from  unknown  trees,  without  even  watching  them,  to  protect  them  in  their  early 
stages  from  weather  and  insects  ? 

The  best  orchards  in  the  county  are  those  which  receive  the  best  care.  In 
five  years'  time,  a  thrifty  yield  of  fruit  may  be  taken  from  trees  which  are 
three  or  four  years  old  when  planted,  if  prudent  selections  of  varieties  are 
made. 

Let  those  who  wish  to  have  good  orchards,  first  visit  the  fruit  farms  of  ex- 
perienced men,  and  from  them  learn  what  to  do.  Then  let  the  instructions  so 
received  be  followed  to  the  letter — and  within  a  decade  this  county  will  be 
famous  for  its  fruits,  especially  for  its  apples  and  its  pears. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  447 


THE    COUNTY    FARM. 


In  1867,  the  Board  of  Supervisors  decided  that  they  would  submit  a  propo- 
sition to  the  people  of  the  county,  relative  to  the  purchase  of  a  farm  and  the 
construction  of  buildings  thereon  to  be  used  as  a  County  Poor  Farm.  The 
following  November,  the  question  was  voted  upon,  and  received  1,434  affirma- 
tive and  280  negative  votes.  The  amount  appropriated  was  $6,000,  to  be 
raised  by  special  assessment. 

In  June,  1868,  the  first  Committee  on  Poor  Farm  was  designated  by  the 
Board.  It  consisted  of  Supervisors  S.  T.  Mote,  William  Barnes,  S.  Beeson 
and  C.  B.  Rhodes.  After  suitable  examination  of  the  various  sites  proposed 
for  the  farm,  the  Committee  selected  wild  prairie  in  Washington  Township, 
described  as  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  8,  and  the  south  half  of  the  south- 
west quarter  of  Section  9,  Town  83  north,  Range  19  west.  The  price  per 
acre  is  minuted  in  pencil  on  the  records  of  the  Board,  and  from  that  we  infer 
that  the  original  amount  was  $12.  The  Clerk  of  the  Board,  J.  L.  Williams, 
was  added  to  the  Committee. 

D.  S.  Kellogg  was  chosen  first  Steward.  A  brick  building  was  erected  as 
a  Poor  House,  and  considerable  improvement  was  made  during  the  first  two 
years.  T.  E.  Carey  was  chosen  to  succeed  Mr.  Kellogg  as  Steward,  and  the 
work  of  developing  the  property  slowly  advanced.  W.  R.  Herrick  was  the 
next  manager,  and  under  him  the  progress  was  marked.  Less  than  a  year  ago, 
E.  E.  Hutchins  became  Superintendent,  and  is  still  in  charge. 

The  farm  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  county.  It  is  rolling  prairie  land,  of 
rich  soil  and  well  adapted  to  stock  raising  and  general  farming.  Of  course, 
the  early  years  of  its  existence,  in  its  present  form,  Avere  not  profitable  ones  to 
the  county ;  but  the  farm  is  now  upon  a  self-sustaining  basis,  including  the 
care  of  the  paupers  placed  thereon.  At  present  writing,  there  are  over  twenty 
inmates,  but  the  number  varies  with  the  seasons,  and  is  likely  to  reach  a  much 
higher  one  than  now  shown. 

As  a  prudent  measure,  to  the  end  that  many  of  the  paupers  now  supported 
at  different  points  might  be  placed  in  charge  of  the  Superintendent,  on  the 
farm,  a  large  frame  addition  to  the  house  is  being  put  up  this  Summer,  and 
other  permanent  improvements  made.  These  improvements  will  cost  between 
$5,000  or  $6,000,  but  are  wise  and  judicious  investments.  The  Supervisors 
of  the  county  take  an  active  interest  in  all  that  pertains  to  the  work. 

Last  January,  the  inventory  showed  the  following  valuations  of  farm  prop- 
erty: 

Land,  240  acres $8,000  00 

Tools,  grain  on  hand,  etc 1,042  00 

Cattle  and  live  stock 2,546  50 

Furniture  and  fixtures....    594  45 

Total  valuation 11'.^, 182  95 

The  permanent  improvements  made  in  1877  amounted  to  $660.  The 
income  from  the  farm  was  $2,405,  and  the  total  expenditures  $3,409.  This 
made  the  cost  of  sustaining  $344  over  and  above  receipts.  With  ordinarily 
good  returns  this  year,  the  farm  will  sustain  itself  and  care  for  a  large  number 
of  helpless  poor. 

The  farm  is  well  managed,  and  has  one  of  the  finest  herds  of  young  cattle 
we  have  seen  in  the  county.  Poland-China  hogs  are  raised,  and  from  this 
drove  the  premium  car-load  was  shipped  last  year.      The  correct  idea  has  been 


448  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

grasped  by  the  managers  of  the  institution  in  regard  to  the  profitable  breeding 
of  stock. 

In  ten  years  this  farm  will  be  not  only  a  source  of  large  revenue  and  a  ma- 
terial aid  toward  the  support  of  the  poor,  but  it  will  also  be  a  special  object  of 
pride  if  a  proper  spirit  is  shown  by  the  Board  of  Supervisors. 


LE  GRAND  QUARRY  CO. 

This  incorporated  concern  is  doing  a  fine  business  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
county,  at  Quarry  Station  and  also  at  Le  Grand.  The  oflScers  of  the  company 
are:  President,  George  F.  Kirby;  Vice  President,  Isaac  B.  Howe;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  Henry  J.  Howe. 

The  general  office  is  located  at  Marshalltown,  but  branch  offices  are  located 
at  various  convenient  points.  From  eighty  to  one  hundred  and  forty  men  are 
employed  in  the  different  branches  of  the  work  at  the  quarries. 

The  famous  Iowa  marble  is  procured  at  this  company's  quarry.  This 
most  beautiful  formation  is  used  extensively  for  ornamental  work,  in  trimmings 
for  houses,  interior  decorations,  furniture  tops,  etc. 

The  stone  has  been  in  use  for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  its  durability  has 
been  thoroughly  tested.  Competition  is  sharply  made  with  all  other  quarries, 
and  the  increased  sales  from  Le  Grand  establish  the  excellent  quality  of  the 
material.  The  stone  is  varied  in  the  numerous  strata,  so  that  a  wide  range  of 
products  is  rendered  possible.  From  coarse  work  to  highly  polished,  elaborately 
carved  cut  work,  the  entire  range  of  variety  is  shown. 

The  company  is  controlled  by  the  same  gentlemen  who  own  the  stock  of  the 
Kirby  &  Howe  Stone  Co.,  of  Chicago,  and  thus  another  advantage  is  enjoyed 
by  the  co-operation  of  the  two  concerns.  The  Chicago  house  own  a  quarry  at 
Lemont,  111. 

Railroad  tracks  run  from  the  North- Western  Road  directly  to  the  several 
quarries. 

This  industry  is  an  important  one  in  the  commercial  development  of  the 
county. 

FIRST  GRIST-MILLS. 

Wm.  Asher  built  the  first  grist-mill  in  1847.  Wm.  Asher,  John  Campbell 
and  Carpenter  Gear  built  the  second  grist-mill,  a  part  of  which  is  the  make-up 
of  the  Rock  Valley  Mills,  in  1849.  In  1850,  the  memorable  year  to  the  early 
settlers  of  Marshall  County,  called  the  year  of  the  big  flood,  when  the  early 
settlers  were  hedged  in  on  every  side  by  the  high  waters  for  six  weeks,  almost 
every  family  erected  a  mill  within  their  own  door,  for  manufacturing  their  own 
meal  for  bread,  in  the  shape  of  a  mortar  and  pestle,  or  a  grate,  on  which  corn 
softened  by  boiling  was  grated  into  meal,  such  a  thing  as  flour  being  out  of  the 
question.  In  the  time  of  this  great  scarcity  of  bread,  the  ingenuity  of  the 
inventive  brain  was  called  into  requisition  to  secure  bread  in  the  cheapest  form 
of  labor  and  in  the  easiest  possible  way.  It  was  during  this  wet  season  that 
Mr.  Edward  Edwards,  a  brother-in-law  of  Wm.  H.  Weatherly,  of  Marshall- 
town,  invented  a  novel  mill,  near  the  place  where  the  house  of  Mrs.  Thomas 
now  stands  in  Marietta  Township,  in  the  following  manner,  to  wit :  Going  into 
a  ravine  in  which  there  was  much  water,  during  the  wet  season,  he  erected  a 
dam,  good  and  strong,  then  hewing  out  a  large  trough  with  the  end  which 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  449 

pointed  up  stream  the  heaviest,  so  that  when  fastened  upon  a  pivot,  with  the 
greater  length  of  the  trough  pointing  down  stream  it  would  still  balance  up 
stream,  fastened  this  on  the  end  of  a  long  sweep  or  pole  and  set  forks  upright 
in  the  ravine  a  little  distance  below.  On  this,  he  fastened  his  pole  on  a  pivot, 
the  trough  being  fastened  on  the  upper  and  in  such  a  way  as  to  catch  the  water 
in  his  trough  as  it  poured  over  the  dam,  and  when  full,  the  heft  being  on  the 
end  pointing  down  stream,  it  would  turn  on  its  pivot  and  empty  itself,  and  when 
empty,  it  would  fall  back  in  position  again.  On  the  other  end  of  the  beam  to 
which  the  trough  was  fastened  was  fixed  a  heavy  pestle  so  as  to  strike  into  a 
large  mortar  below,  and  as  the  trough  would  empty,  as  before  stated,  it  would 
draw  down  the  pestle  with  great  weight,  and  when  empty,  in  falling  back  into 
position,  would  raise  the  pestle  for  another  blow.  The  mortar  was  from  time  to 
time  filled  with  shelled  corn,  which  in  time  was  beaten  or  ground  into  meal  by 
this  odd  mill  which  run  night  and  day  for  several  weeks,  furnishing  a  constant 
supply  of  meal. 

In  1854,  Mr.  G.  W.  Woodbury  purchased  the  water  power  on  the  Iowa 
River  one  mile  north  of  Marshall  town,  and  the  following  season  had  a  flour-mill 
in  active  motion.  He  afterward  added  a  distillery  and  carding  machine.  In 
1874,  Mr.  Fred  Woodbury,  son  of  G.  M.  Woodbury,  removed  the  old  mill  and 
erected  a  new  one  at  a  cost  of  $60,000  or  upward,  adding  steam  fixtures,  so 
that  when  the  water  is  too  high  or  too  low  for  grinding,  he  can  run  it'with  steam. 

The  mill  familiarly  known  as  the  Schofield  Mill,  on  the  Iowa  River,  north 
of  Le  Grand,  was  built  by  Thomas  and  Isaiah  Schofield  in  1856.  It  has  since 
been  rebuilt  and  added  to  until  it  is  now  a  substantial  structure,  with  five  runs 
of  buhrs  and  all  the  modern  improvements  necessary  to  do  first-class  work.  It 
is  now  owned  and  operated  by  Hiram  Hammond  and  G.  W.  Benedict,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Hammond  &  Benedict. 

Dr.  Hixson  built  and  operated  a  flouring-mill  in  an  early  day,  near  the 
mouth  of  Minerva  Creek.  The  mill  failed  to  prove  a  success,  and  the  doctor 
abandoned  the  enterprise  and  let  it  go  down. 

Mr.  Wm.  Hill  built  a  steam  flouring-mill  at  Marietta  in  1858,  but  finding 
it  costly  to  run  by  steam,  took  into  partnership  Mr.  Marshall  Bishop,  and 
removed  the  mill  to  the  Iowa  River,  two  miles  west  of  Albion  ;  after  operating 
it  some  considerable  length  of  time,  they  sold  to  Mr.  Abraham  Stanley,  of 
Albion,  and  the  mill  was  burned  while  owned  by  him,  in  the  month  of  May,  A. 
D.  1876.  There  are  good  steam  flouring-mills  owned  and  operated,  one  in 
State  Center,  one  in  Marshalltown,  and  one  in  Edenville,  and  a  good  flouring- 
mill  built  by  Ralls  &  Willets  on  South  Timber  Creek  in  Le  Grand  Township, 
run  by  water-power. 


SPECULATIVE  AND  PROPHETIC. 

The  man  who  cannot  find  something  to  love  and  applaud  in  the  land  he  has 
chosen  for  a  home,  is  devoid  of  the  elements  of  patriotism — that  devotion  which 
cements  these  States  and  preserves  the  L^nion  in  indissoluble  bonds.  But 
where  one  finds  a  region  so  abundant  in  natural  advantages,  so  enchanting  in 
landscape,  and  so  salubrious  in  climate  as  this  in  which  we  write  these  lines, 
the  lack  of  patriotic  enthusiasm  falls  little  below  a  crime  in  magnitude  and 
character. 

That  such  a  deficiency  does  not  exist  in  the  tiearts  of  Marshall  County  men 
and  women   we  have  learned  by  personal  investigation.      The  residents  are 


450  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

proud  of  their  homes  and  ambitious  that  the  world  should  know  of  it.  Nature 
smiled  when  these  broad  acres  were  perfected.  The  gradual  action  of  the  ele- 
ments resulted  in  artistic  forms  of  hillock,  plain  and  valley,  as  though  the  creative 
force  had  endowed  the  agents  of  transformation  with  esthetic  attributes.  The 
crude  touches  in  the  landscape  are  found  where  the  water-courses  still  push 
their  way  through  gorge  and  marsh,  and  offer  a  protest  against  criticism,  as 
though  to  impress  one  with  the  idea  that  their  work  is  but  half  performed.  As 
an  artist  might  turn  in  angry  warning  upon  one  who  was  bold  enough  to  speak 
harshly  of  his  sketch  when  but  half  completed,  so  do  the  smaller  streams  speak 
volumes  to  the  thoughtful  mind,  Avhich  is  prepared  by  culture  to  commune  with 
Nature.  The  graceful  sweep  of  field,  which  now  gladdens  the  heart  of  the 
expectant  husbandman,  was  once  the  bed  of  such  a  stream  as  this.  Ages  ago, 
the  process  of  evolution  began,  and  countless  years  have  passed  since  first  the 
impeding  twigs  or  pebbles  changed  the  direction  of  the  waters.  The  results  of 
Nature's  ceaseless  workings  are  now  beheld  in  the  lovely  range  of  prairies, 
dotted  with  homesteads  and  beautified  by  waving  grain. 

There  is  a  township  in  the  county  known  as  Eden.  The  traveler  may  well 
pause  to  admire  the  scene  and  speculate  upon  the  comparative  beauties  of  the 
original  and  modern  region.  It  is  almost  impossible  for  man  to  conceive  of  a 
more  delightful  combination  of  hill  and  dell  than  that  which  unrolls  itself 
before  his  eye,  in  grateful  succession,  as  he  journeys  slowly  through  it.  The 
popular  Eastern  idea  of  Iowa  is  that  the  monotony  of  landscape  is  wearisome  to 
eye  and  brain  ;  that  the  prairie  reaches  away  like  some  limitless  sea,  which  is 
unruffled  by  a  breeze,  until  the  horizon  swallows  it  up  in  very  desperation. 
The  truth  is,  that  no  Eastern  field  presents  the  variety  of  conformation  that 
these  fertile  ranges  do.  From  some  elevation  one  may  see  far  away,  but  from 
a  carriage,  one's  vision  is  intercepted  before  the  eye  is  fairly  satisfied  with  the 
glimpse  obtained.  The  waves  of  land  are  not  in  mathematical  regularity,  like 
some  humanly  planned  creation,  but  are  as  broken  in  outline  as  the  face  of  some 
great  mountain.  The  characteristic  difference  between  mountain  and  prairie  is 
that  the  former  is  crude,  from  upheaval  of  rock  and  from  the  action  of  mighty 
tempests,  while  here,  the  gradual  mounds  have  been  shaped  by  the  constant 
deposit  of  sediment  from  the  stream  that  lapped  their  base.  The  sinuous  course 
of  rivers  is  traceable  as  distinctly  as  when  tiie  northern  waters  rushed  through 
their  winding  beds.  Here  a  gentle  ascent  widens  and  lifts  itself  into  a  ridge 
which  bends,  with  graceful  sweep,  but  increasing  proportions,  far  out  of  sight 
behind  that  mound  yonder.  Two  rivers  met  here,  one  day,  and  ever  after  sep- 
arated, to  unite  again  where  the  ridge  descends  to  the  level  of  the  plain.  The 
mound  was  once  an  island,  caused  by  the  eddy  that  swirled  just  beyond  the 
force  of  the  river  stream. 

Thus  has  the  prairie  land  been  made  as  is  explained  in  the  article  upon  the 
geologic  formation  of  the  county. 

The  beautiful  lands  are  by  no  means  confined  to  the  south  of  Linn  or  Tim- 
ber Creeks.  The  north  is  equally  fine,  where  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
river  is  left.  The  northwestern  townships  are  as  desirable  as  man  can  hope  for, 
and  taken  all  in  all,  this  county  is  one  of  the  most  charming  in  the  State. 

The  future  of  Marshall  County  is  no  idle  speculation.  Long  ago,  the  period 
of  uncertainty  was  past,  and  the  continued  development  of  natural  resources 
guaranteed.  There  are  within  the  reach  of  man  the  grandest  possibilities  for 
those  who  earnestly  seek  to  secure  them.  The  population  of  the  county  now 
exceeds  20,000  souls,  and  the  fixedness  of  the  interest  in  the  improvement  of 
the  region  is  beyond  peradventure.     The  county  cannot  retrograde  so  long  as 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  451 

the  ambitious  spirit  whicli  at  present  controls  Marshalltown  exists.  At  the 
close  of  this  century,  the  population  should  equal  75,000,  at  the  rate  of  increase 
enjoyed  during  the  past  decade  ;  but  such  a  percentage  is  neither  a  reasonable 
nor  a  desirable  expectation.  There  undoubtedly  will  be  50,000  people  here 
within  the  limit  of  the  county  before  another  quarter  of  a  century  rolls  by. 
Marshalltown  is  destined  to  improve  in  every  way  and  maintain  its  high  rank 
as  an  enterprising  city. 

The  following  is  the  total  value  of  each  assessment  of  the  county  of  Marshall 
from  1858  to  1875  :  1858,  $1,975,643  ;  1859,  $2,133,297  ;  1860,  $2,527,750 ; 
1861,  $1,029,697  ;  1862,  $1,900,775;  1863,  $1,844,742  ;  1864,  $2,226,158; 
1865,  $2,173,184;  1866,  $3,300,979;  1867,  $3,361,163;  1868,  $3,406,985; 
1869,  $3,859,626  ;  1870,  $4,117,613  ;  1871,  $4,681,720;  1872,  $4,860,846  ; 
1873,  $4,819,310  ;  1874,  $4,941,873  ;  1875,  $5,414,818. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  assessments  for  1861,  1862  and  1863  were  light, 
owing  to  the  pressure  marked  at  the  commencement  of  the  war.  These  figures 
show  an  increase  of  taxable  property  in  the  county  fro.n  1858  to  1875 — a 
period  of  seventeen  years — to  be  $3,439,175,  showing  a  yearly  increase  of  the 
taxable  property  of  the  county  for  the  last  seventeen  years  to  be  $202,304. 
The  probability  is,  that  the  true  estimate  of  the  real  wealth  of  Marshall  County 
is  over  $12,000,000.  Even  at  this  ratio  of  taxation  for  the  next  twenty-five 
years,  the  county  will  then  have  a  taxable  property  in  Marshall  county  of 
$10,000,000,  the  true  value  of  which  would  be  at  least  $25,000,000. 

How  marked  have  been  the  transformations  in  the  social  world  since  the 
organization  of  Marshall  County !  The  slow-moving  ox-cart  has  given  place  to 
the  stately  family  carriage,  the  patient  beast  to  the  spirited  blooded  horse. 
Those  who  made  pilgrimages  to  primitive  altars  for  the  worship  of  God,  now 
bow  their  heads  in  costly  piles  of  stone  and  brick,  and  offer  devotional  sacrifices 
in  the  scores  of  church  edifices  which  stand  so  thickly  in  every  portion  of  the  land. 

School  houses  have  been  erected  at  almost  all  the  crossings  of  section-line 
roads,  and  educational  advantages  are  oflered  the  children  of  the  pioneers.  Nor 
is  the  system  of  instruction  as  of  old,  but  a  slow  inadequate  exercise  of  the 
mental  powers.  The  methods  then  were  like  the  ox-cart  itself  in  movement  and 
result ;  all  was  plodding,  heavy,  ungraceful,  unskilled.  But  now  the  youthful 
brain  is  stimulated  by  the  most  carefully  arranged  gradations.  The  child,  from 
the  first,  has  just  the  point  of  intelligence  appealed  to  that  is  necessary  for  his 
swiftest  growth.  And  with  the  mental  stimulus  the  physical  is  roused  as  well ; 
the  whole  nature  is  included  in  the  training.  By  rapid  and  certain  stages,  the 
pupil  is  brought  to  the  desired  knowledge,  and  the  result  is  a  quick  and  well- 
b'alanced  development  that  shames  the  cumbrous  growth  of  earlier  years.  There 
need  no  longer  be  any  proportion  of  illiterate  persons  in  the  census  returns. 
The  avenues  to  education  are  as  open  as  the  highways,  and  he  who  will  not 
w^alk,  at  least  a  little  way  in  them,  must  be  indeed  a  blind  and  unworthy  creat- 
ure. That  which  a  large  proportion  of  our  fathers  and  forefathers  lacked  was 
opportunity.  With  capacities  equal  to  those  of  the  present,  circumstances  often 
dwarfed  and  misdirected  them.  But  this  cannot  be  urged  now.  In  all  direc- 
tions the  scope  has  widened ;  male  and  female  alike  have  the  range  of  all  fields 
of  learning.  But  a  few  years  ago,  the  question  of  the  equal  education  of  the 
sexes  was  one  that  agitated  the  enlightened  world ;  to-day,  it  is  practically 
settled  ;  and  what  then  seemed  to  involve  momentous  resolution  and  possibly 
large  social  destruction,  is  now  one  of  the  smoothest  running  wheels  in  the 
whole  machinery  of  life.  Thus  rapid  have  been  the  steps  toward  enlightenment 
— thus  long  and  grand  the  strides  toward  universal  freedom. 


452  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

A  prophet  who  shouhl  in  this  day  attempt  to  forecast  the  future,  could 
scarcely  dip  his  wand  in  too  bright  colors.  He  would  be  safe  in  exaggeration, 
safe  in  seeming  to  exceed  even  the  bounds  of  possibility.  From  the  near  past, 
what  may  we  not  hope  and  expect  in  the  near  future  ?  We  are  growing  to  look 
upon  miracles  as  commonplace.  The  bump  of  wonder  is  likely  to  be  wholly 
obliterated  from  the  phrenological  chart.  And  the  West,  young  and  vigorous 
as  It  is,  is  not  a  whit  behind  older  civilization,  but  leads  oif  already  in  many 
ways,  and  is  likely  yet  to  distance  all  by  the  strength  of  its  sinews  and  the 
courage  of  its  health. 

These  reflections  come  up  naturally  from  the  contemplation  of  a  portion  of 
country  like  this  county  of  Marshall,  which  we  have  been  studying  in  all  its 
phases,  with  a  view  to  a  thorough  understanding  of  its  present  status  and 
of  its  future  possibilities.  It  would  be  too  much  like  flattery  to  apply  them 
strictly  to  Marshall ;  but  it  is  simply  truth  to  apply  them  to  the  West  as  a 
whole,  and  surely  no  one  will  deny  that  Marshall  is  a  typical  Western 
region. 

One  sure  sign  of  continued  progress  is  that  progress  no  longer  startles 
people.  With  wh&t san(j  froid  even  the  wonders  of  the  telephone  are  accepted; 
for  within  the  year  of  the  application  of  that  wonderful  principle,  we  find  that 
business  men  here,  as  in  older  places,  make  nothing  of  connecting  their  houses 
and  offices  with  the  bewitched  wire  on  which  speech  travels  audibly.  It  is  not 
a  matter  of  wonder ;  it  is  accepted  as  the  most  natural  and  commonplace 
thing  in  the  world.  No  one's  equanimity  is  disturbed,  no  one's  pulse  quick- 
ened. 

The  tendency  is  to  universalize.  Regions  no  longer  produce  types — all  are 
cosmopolitan.  The  West,  which  was  for  a  long  time  the  synonym  of  the  New, 
the  Crude,  the  Out-of-reach,  is  to-day  just  as  accessible,  just  as  central,  has  just 
as  many  advantages  as  the  East.  And  it  is  a  little  younger,  and  spryer,  and 
more  eager,  and  more  daring,  and  for  that  reason,  rather  leads  in  the  march. 
We  have  said  that  the  West  wonders  at  nothing,  and  yet  the  world  wonders  at 
the  West ! 

It  is  by  comparison  that  we  best  mark  progress.  It  will  be  interesting,  and 
no  doubt  even  amusing,  a  quarter  of  a  century  hence,  to  take,  for  example,  the 
pages  of  this  history,  and,  reading  of  Marshall  County  as  it  was,  to  note  how 
old-fashioned  and  moderate  were  our  estimates  of  its  possibilities  ;  from  the 
height  of  its  achievement  to  look  back  to  the  level  of  its  aspirations.  Some 
may  then  speak  of  its  early  days  with  perhaps  the  half-pitying,  half-charitable 
affection  with  which  men  speak  of  their  youth.  Yet  there  will  never  be  a  day 
when  Marshall  will  not  be  proud  of  its  youth — of  that  youth's  mighty  brawn, 
of  its  equal  courage,  of  its  efforts  that  would  not  be  stinted,  of  its  determina- 
tion that  would  not  be  balked.  There  will  never  be  a  day  when  the  men  who  began 
the  structure,  and  laid  its  foundations  so  strong  and  broad,  will  not  be  gratefully 
remembered  by  those  who  are  at  work  on  its  towers  and  pinnacles,  and  adding 
the  finishing  beauty  to  its  vastness.  Had  the  pioneer  been  shiftless,  and  idle, 
and  uncivilized,  the  generations  that  followed  him  would  have  been  the  same. 
But  we  are  safe  in  hoping  what  we  do  when  we  remember  from  what  seed  the 
present  has  sprung.  It  is  not  arrogating  all  the  greatness  to  To-day,  but  it  is 
giving  honor  to  Yesterday,  when  we  boast  of  what  is  being  done,  and  augur  for 
the  future  still  more  remarkable  achievements.  It  is  because  the  root  was 
sound  that  the  plant  has  thriven  and  flowered  so  beautifully.  Honor  to  the 
pioneer  !  Honor  to  the  good  right  arm  that  turned  the  fruitful  furrow !  Honor 
to  the  patient  ones  who  helped  him  to  toil  and  build  and  endure ! 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  453 


WAR  RECORD. 


When,  on  the  12th  of  April,  1861,  the  Southern  rebels  fired  upon  Fort 
Sumter,  it  found  this  vast  North  unarmed,  untrained  in  the  art  of  war,  and  in 
a  state  of  such  profound  peace  as  to  warrant  the  belief  that  hostilities  could  not 
be  begun  by  those  who  had,  since  the  foundation  of  this  Union,  boasted  loudly 
of  their  loyalty  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  The  rumors  of  dis- 
aftection  that  had  alarmed  the  more  watchful,  had  aroused  but  trifling  fears  in 
the  breasts  of  the  great  mass  of  Northern  citizens.  War  between  the  States 
had,  prior  to  that  time,  been  deemed  an  impossibility.  The  sentiments  of  fra- 
ternal unity  were  so  deep-abiding  in  the  hearts  of  the  North  that  treason  was 
regarded  as  an  improbable  crime,  and  overt  acts  of  antagonism  to  the  govern- 
ment too  base  in  their  intent  to  be  worthy  of  serious  consideration. 

But  the  hand  of  the  aged  Ruffian,  as  he  laid  the  blazing  torch  upon  the  gun 
within  Stevens'  battery,  lighted  a  flame  which  spread  throughout  the  land  with 
electric  rapidity,  and  illumined  the  nation  with  a  glare  that  revealed  the  truth 
of  rebel  threats.  The  boom  of  that  first  gun  awakened  the  passive  people 
to  the  dread  reality  of  their  position.  From  Maine  to  Oregon,  from  Su- 
perior to  the  Ohio,  the  country  arose,  as  with  a  single  impulse,  to  respond  to 
the  demands  of  the  hour.  There  was  no  need  of  prompting  them,  no  need  of 
canvassing  for  strength,  no  hesitating  as  to  measures,  no  thought  of  compromise. 
But  one  course  could  be  pursued,  and  that  the  people  comprehended  as  though 
inspired  by  some  higher  mentor.  The  Union  must  be  preserved.  Each  indi- 
vidual member  of  society  felt  the  urgent  necessity  of  prompt  and  concerted 
action.  Towns  did  not  wait  to  hear  tidings  from  sister  towns ;  each  heard  in 
the  roar  of  brave  old  Sumter's  guns  a  summons  direct,  imperative  and  irresistible, 
for  aid  in  the  defense  of  the  nation's  honor.  Rivals  in  business  and  in  politics 
grasped  each  other's  hands  and  hurried  forth,  side  by  side,  rivals  no  longer,  save 
in  their  eagerness  to  enroll  first  their  names  upon  the  list  of  citizen-soldiery. 

Almost  simultaneous  with  the  news  of  the  attack  upon  Sumter,  came  the 
call  from  President  Lincoln  for  troops.  In  the  remote  towns  and  rural  locali- 
ties, where  telegraphic  communication  had  not  then  penetrated,  the  appeal  and 
the  response  were  recorded  at  the  same  time. 

On  the  15th  of  April,  the  President  issued  his  call  for  7  5,000  ninety-days  troops. 
The  State  of  Iowa  was  peculiarly  fortunate  in  having  as  its  Chief  Executive  Sam- 
uel J.  Kirkwood,  whose  loyalty  and  unceasing  devotion  to  the  cause  of  the  Union 
have  embalmed  his  name  forever  in  the  annals  of  the  State.  Within  thirty  days 
after  the  President's  demand  was  made  public,  Iowa  had  a  regiment  in  the  field. 

If  it  was  within  the  province  of  this  work  to  relate  the  story  of  Marshall's 
loyalty,  the  limits  of  this  volume  would  be  extended  far  beyond  those  anticipated 
by  the  publishers.  Some  future  historian,  we  have  no  doubt,  will  find  a  fruit- 
ful topic  in  this  record  of  war,  and  lay  before  the  people  of  this  county  a  narra- 
tive of  unsurpassed  interest.  Surely  the  opportunity  exists  and  awaits  the 
patient  labors  of  a  competent  writer. 

It  is  impossible  here  to  relate  more  than  the  incidents  peculiarly  local  in 
their  character,  to  give  a  summary  of  the  movements  of  the  several  regiments 
in  Avhich  Marshall  County  men  were  enrolled  in  the  field,  and  to  preserve  the 
roster  of  those  who  formed  the  host  which  went  forth  to  battle  for  the  Union 
from  the  various  townships  within  the  limits  of  the  county. 

The  Times  of  July  16,  1861,  says  :  "  Thursday  last,  the  11th,  was  the 
time  appointed  for  the  departure  of  our  military  company  for  their  rendezvous 
at  Burlington.     The  evening  before  their  departure,  divine  service  was  held  at 


454  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

the  Court  House,  which  was  attended  by  all  the  soldiers.  The  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Truesdell.  Four  o'clock  Thursday  morning,  was 
the  time  fixed  upon  for  starting.  At  that  hour,  tlie  drums  were  beat,  bells 
rung  and  other  noises  made  to  arouse  the  drowsy  inhabitants.  Soon,  nearly 
every  man,  woman  and  child  in  town  was  on  the  spot  to  say  good-bye ;  some  to 
brothers,  others  to  sons,  and  still. others  to  dear  friends.  All  bore  up  nobly. 
We  observed  very  little  shedding  of  tears  among  the  multitude,  while  the 
soldiers  bore  themselves  manly  throughout  the  trying  scene.  Everything  being 
in  readiness,  the  soldiers  were  soon  on  their  way  to  Marengo.  There  they  met 
the  company  from  that  town,  who  were  awaiting  the  arrival  of  our  boys  that 
they  might  accompany  each  other  to  Burlington." 

In  July,  1861,  we  begin  to  get  letters  from  the  boys  in  camp,  though  as  yet 
none  from  the  field.  These  letters  show  how  novel  a  thing  was  soldiering  to 
them,  and  sometimes  how  hard.  The  fare  was  often  a  source  of  much  indigna- 
tion and  annoyance,  and  the  poorly  supplied  barracks  were  painfully  in  contrast 
to  the  comforts  of  home  so  lately  left.  Later,  when  the  boys  got  to  work  in 
earnest,  their  letters  had  other  things  to  talk  about,  and  there  is  little  doubt 
but  that  their  preparatory  experience  was  more  trying  than  their  actual  hard 
service.  At  the  very  outset,  however,  there  were  efforts  at  home  to  relieve  even 
their  discomforts.  Propositions  were  made  to  send  them  a  ''  box  of  good  things, 
to  show  they  were  not  forgotten,"  and  to  furnish  blankets,  since  the  government 
had  not  then  had  time  to  supply  her  soldiery  any  outfit.  Of  course,  all  these 
appeals  were  promptly  and  generously  responded  to  by  the  mothers,  wives  and 
sweethearts  that  were  left  behind. 

From  "  Camp  Warren,"  Burlington,  July  26th,  one  sprightly  soldier-boy 
writes  to  those  at  home  of  their  experiences : 

"  As  for  myself,  I  could  not  be  hired  to  go  back  home  ;  neither  could  you, 
were  you  here.  The  Bowen  Guards  marched  to  the  Mississippi  this  forenoon, 
to  wash  their  clothes,  and  also  themselves.  You  would  laugh  to  see  us  washing, 
I  know.  We  do  not  wash  in  the  same  manner  as  the  ladies  of  Marshall  do ;  it 
doesn't  take  us  all  day  to  do  a  washing.  This  is  the  way  we  do  it :  We  first  dip 
them  in  the  river,  put  on  a  little  soap,  rub  them  some,  dry  them,  and  they  are 
ready  for  use.  We  don't  use  indigo,  starch,  washboards  and  such  'fixin's.' 
They're  humbugs  !  *  *  I'll  tell  you  what  I  had  to  eat  for  supper  :  Fresh 
bread,  bacon,  coffee,  sugar  and  slathers  of  apple  sauce.  We  have  all  the  apples 
we  want.  They're  not  very  ripe,  but  they're  tip  top.  Lon  Rogers  and  myself 
went  out  yesterday,  hunting  rations,  and  we  got  all  the  apples  and  potatoes  we 
could  carry.  We  first  ask  for  them,  and  if  they  refuse  to  give  them  to  us,  we  bor- 
row them.  I  would  give  all  the  money  I've  got  if  the  Marshall  folks  could  be 
here  to  see  and  hear  what  a  big  time  we  have  every  evening  from  six  to  nine 
o'clock.  Some  are  singing  "  Old  Hundred,"  some  "  Dixie,"  ''  Yankee  Doodle." 
etc.,  some  fiddling,  some  dancing,  some  running,  some  playing  cards,  some 
telling  stories,  some  making  war  speeches,  and,  in  fact,  almost  every  perform- 
ance you  ever  heard  or  read  of  can  be  witnessed  here  every  evening."  And  so, 
in  light-hearted  fashion,  the  amateur  soldier  runs  on.  This  was  but  the  froth 
on  the  cup  that  had  suffering  and  death  in  its  dregs. 

The  Times  of  May  li2,  1S61,  asks:  "What  is  the  reason  we  cannot  have 
a  daily  mail  ?  In  these  days  of  great  war  excitement,  it  is  a  shame  that  we  are 
compelled  to  wait  forty-eight  hours  for  news.  Let  a  petition  be  circulated  for  a 
daily  mail  from  Marengo  to  this  place.  We  see  that  the  people  along  the  line 
from  Cedar  Falls  to  Fort  Dodge  are  making  efforts  to  get  a  daily  mail  estab- 
lished.    If  they  succeed,  why  not  we?  " 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


455 


REGIMENTAL   HISTORIES  AND  VOLUNTEER   ROSTER. 

TAKEN  PRINCIPALLY  FROM  ADJUTANT  GENERAL'S  REPORTS. 


.^BBieETri.i^Ti03srs. 


Adjt Adjutant 

Alt Artillery 

Bat Battle  or  Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy Commissary 

com..". commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deserted 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

e enlisted 

excd exchanged 

inf infantry 

inv invalid 


I.  V.  I Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry 

kid killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

m.  o mustered  out 

prmtd promoted 

prisr.... prisoner 

Regt Regiment 

re-e re-enlisted 

res resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

vet... veteran 

V.  R.  C Veteran  Reserve  Corps 

vfd wounded 

hon.  disd honorably  discharged 


FIFTH  INFANTRY. 

The  regiment  was  mustered  in  at  Burlington,  July  15, 
ISi'l,  and  ordered  to  Keokuk  August  2,  from  which  point 
they  were  sent  into  Missouri  for  a  few  days  in  pursuit  of 
bushwhackers,  after  which  they  were  sent  to  St.  Louis, 
and  from  thence  ordered  to  Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  and  from 
there  to  Boonville,  Mo.;  thence  followed  the  rebel  army 
under  Price  to  Springfield,  Mo.,  and  on  their  return,  en- 
camped at  Syracuse  until  the  following  February,  when 
they  were  moved  across  the  country  to  St.  Louis,  and 
thence  by  transport  to  Cairo,  where  they  lemained  a  few 
weeks  and  were  transferred  to  Cape  Girardeau  They 
Vfere  then  marched  to  New  Madrid,  where  they  had  a 
skirmish  with  the  enemy.  After  the  fill  of  New 
Madrid,  they  crossed  the  Mississippi  and  marched  to 
Tiptonville  to  intercept  and  capture  rebels,  who  were 
attempting  lo  escape  from  Island  No.  10.  They  were 
then  ordered  back  to  New  Madrid,  thence  to  a  point  above 
Fort  Pillow,  on  the  Mississippi,  thence  by  way  of  Cairo 
and  the  Tennessee  River  to  Pittsburg  Landing,  to  take 
part  in  the  operations  before  Corinth. 

Upon  the  evacuation  of  Corinth,  they  followed  the 
rebels  to  Rienzi,and  afterward  remained  in  camp  at  Clear 
Creek,  Rienzi  and  Jacinto  until  Sept.  18,  1862,  when  they 
started  for  luka,  where,  on  the  19th,  they  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  luka,  where  Co.  A  went  into  a  fight  with 
43  men,  and  had  27  killed  and  wounded.  It  was  here 
that  the  regiment  distinguished  itself,  so  that  it  was  com- 
plimented very  highly  by  the  Generals  commanding. 
The  position  they  held  was  in  support  of  a  battery,  which, 
in  consequence  of  a  superiority  of  numbers  of  the  enemy, 
was  at  one  time  captured ;  but  rallying  to  the  rescue,  the 
Fifth  Regiment  retook  the  battery  with  the  terrible  loss 
above  mentioned.  They  r-turned  to  Jacinto  on  the  21st 
of  September,  thence  moved  to  Corinth  to  take  part  in  the 
battle  at  that  place.  Engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  the  rebels 
after  that  battle,  they  remained  in  camp  at  Corinth  until 
November,  when  they  joined  the  expedition  against 
Vicksburg,  going  by  way  of  Holly  Springs  to  Oxford, 
thence  to  Memphis,  where  they  remained  in  camp  until 
Spring  of  18G3. 

From  here  they  were  ordered  to  Helena,  thence  in  the 
Yazoo  Pass  expedition.  After  their  return  to  Helena, 
they  moved  to  Milliken's  Bend,  and  through  Louisiana 
to  a  point  below  Vicksburg,  and  thence  by  gunboat  to  a 
point  below  Grand  Gulf,  Miss.  From  here  they  were 
ordtred  to  Raymond  and  Jackson,  and  back  to  the  battle 
of  Champion  Hills. 

After  this,  they  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  the  rebels  to 
Vicksburg,  and  took  part  in  the  charge  on  the  22d  of 
May. 

They  then  took  their  places  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
where  they  remained  until  the  last  of  June,  when  they 
were  ordered  to  Black  River,  to  confront  the  enemy  com- 
ing to  the  relief  of  Vicksburg. 

They  returned  to  Vicksburg  July  1,  and  remained  in 
camp  until  Sept.  1,  when  they  were  ordered  to  Helsna  for 
liie  purpose  of  joining  the  expedition  against  Little  Rock, 
liut  were  from  there  ordered  to  Chattanooga  by  way  of 


Corinth,  marching  a  considerable  portion  of  the  distance 
They  were  then  transferred  to  the  Seventeenth  Corps,  and 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Chickatnauga,  where  the  regiment 
lost  30  men  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  8  officers  and 
76  men  taken  prisoners,  leaving  only  65  men  in  the  regi- 
ment who  answered  at  roll  call  that  evening.  They  after- 
ward went  down  the  river  to  Stevenson  and  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  where  they  remained  all  Winter.  In  April,  1864 
the  veterans  of  the  regiment  went  home  on  furloughs, 
and  on  their  return  were  placed  on  the  railroads  to  do 
guard  duty,  being  most  of  the  Summer  at  Kingston,  Ga., 
They  pursued  the  rebel  Gen.  Wheeler  in  the  last  raid  to 
the  rear  of  Sherman,  in  June,  1804,  traveling  during  the 
time  nearly  nine  hundred  miles,  and  being  three  weeks 
without  blankets  or  change  of  clothing. 

About  the  last  of  July,  1864,  the  non-veterans  of  the 
regiment  were  mustered  out  of  service,  leaving  180  men, 
who,  on  application  to  the  War  Department,  were  trans- 
ferred to  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry,  leaving  eleven  officers  with- 
out a  command,  who  were  mustered  out  of  service  Sept. 
28,  1864,  at  Gen.  Kilpatrick's  headquarters,  fifteen  miles 
south  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Col.  Jabez  Baubury,  com.  2d  lieut.  Co.  D,  July  15,  1861, 
prmtd.  capt.  Feb.  26,  1862,  prmtd.  July  14,  '62,  prmtd  . 
col.  April  23, 1863. 

Company  B. 

Shelledy,  James  A.,  e.  July  15, 1861,  wd.  in  Miss. 

Company  D. 

Capt.  Wells  S.  Rice,  com.  July  15,  18C1,  resd.  Dec.  2,  1861. 
Capt.  Obed  Caswell,  com.  2d  lieut.  July  15,  1861,  prmtd. 

1st  lieut.  Feb.  26, 1802,  prmtd.  capt.  July  14, 1862,  resd. 

Jan.  15,  1863. 
Capt.  John  E.  Page,  e.  as  sergt.  July  1,  1861,  prmtd.  1st 

sergt.  July  14,  1802,  wd.  at  luka,  prmtd.  capt.  Jan.  16, 

1803,  captd.  at  Tunnell  Hill  Nov.  25,  1803,  resd.  April 

28,1865. 
First  Lieut.  Benj.  Jervis,  e.  as  sergt.  July  1,  1861,  prmtd. 

2d  lieut.  Feb.  3,  1862,  wd.  at  luka,  prmtd.  1st  lieut. 

Jan.  29,  1863,  resd.  Aug.  7,  1863. 
First  Lieut.  Michael  Hoffman,  e.  as  sergt.  July  1, 1861, 

prmtd.  2d  lieut.  Jan.  29, 1863,  wd.  at  Champion  Hills, 

prmtd.  1st  lisut.  Aug.  8, 1863,  captd.  at  Tunnell  Hill, 

Tenn. 
Sergt.  Clarington  Poynes,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Sergt.  Haman  A.  Jones,  e.  July  1, 1861,  wd.  at  luka,  disd. 

April  3,  1863,  wds. 
Sergt.  M.  F.  Anson,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Sergt.  E.  L.  Oviatt,  e.  July  1, 1861,  captd.  at  Chattanooga. 
Corp.  Wm.  C.  Hausafus,  e.  July  1,  1861,  wd.  at  luka,  disd. 

Nov.  14,  1863. 
Corp.  F.  M.  Hooven,  e,  July  1, 1861,  captd.  at  luka. 
Corp.  Marshall  Anson,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Corp.  M.  V.  B.  Drum,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  July  4, 1862,  at 

Camp  Springs,  Miss. 
Corp.   Andrew  Nedler,  e.  July  1, 1861,  captd.  at  Chatta- 
nooga. 


456 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


Corp.  Wffi.  R.  Brush,  c.  July  1, 1861,  \vd.  at  luka,  trans, 
to  Inv.  Corps  Feb.  15,  18G4. 

Corp.  Jas.  Johnston,  c.  July  1,  1861,  \vd.  at  luka. 

Corp.  \Vm.  H.  Hurtman,  e.' July  1, 1861,  died  Oct.  11, 1862, 
of  wda.  received  at  luku. 

Corp.  Edwin  Bissell,  e.  July  1,  1861,  captd.  at  Chatta- 
uooj;a. 

Corp.  Geo.  F.  Morey,  e.  July  1,  1861,  dlsd.  May  20,  1862, 
disab. 

Wagoner  Watson  Cunningham,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Abbott,  Washington,  e.  July  1, 1861,  disd.  July  24, 1862, 
disab. 

Allen,  S.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  July  2, 1862,  at  Farmington. 

Arnold,  W.  S.,  e.  July  1, 1801. 

Bishop,  F.  M.,  e.  July  1,  1801. 

Blaney,  0.  S.,  e.  July  1,  1861 

Brush,  Wni.  K..  e.  July  1, 1861. 

Bntddy,  Caleb,  e.  July  1,  1861,  disd.  July  26,  1862,  disab. 

Canfield,  A.  X.,  e.  Juiv  1,  1861. 

Carter,  M.,  e.  July  1, 18G1. 

Cornish,  A.,  .•.  July  1,  1861. 

Dancer,  Vincent,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Deeter,  A.,  e.  July  1,  1862. 

Decker,  L.,  e.  July  1,  1801,  prmtd.  Corp.,  captd.  at  Chatta- 
nooga. 

Detrick,  Jos.,  e,  July  1, 1861. 

Denboa,  B.  C.  H.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  disd.  July  8, 1862. 

Deising,  Chas.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps.  Feb. 
15,  1804. 

Eakins,  Geo.  P.,  e.  July  1, 18G1. 

Eagan,  C.  J.,  e.  July  1, 1861. 

Ferguson,  George  B.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  disd.  April  12,  1862, 
disab. 

Franklin,  Thos.  A.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  Nov.  19, 1861. 

Card,  C,  e.  July  1, 1861,  \vd.  at  Champicjn  Hills,  disd.  Dec. 
22,  1863. 

Hoffman,  Samuel,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Hughes,  E.  H.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  Nov.  28, 1862,  at  Syra- 
cuse, Mo. 

Hocket,  S.  B.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Hayes,  S.,  u.  July  1,  1861,  died  Nov.  24,  1863,  in  Syca- 
more, Mo. 

Jones,  H.  A.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

King,  W.  F.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  April  8,  1862. 

Kings,  W.,  e.  July  1,1801. 

Lantis,  G.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  died  Jan.  14, 1862,  at  Mo. 

Lorr.m,  W.  J.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  died  March  31, 18G2. 

>hirshall,  J.  H.,  e.  July  1,  1801,  wd.  at  Champion  Hills. 

Miller,  John,  e.  July  1,  1861,  ^vd.  at  Champion  Hills, 
captd.  at  Chattiinooga. 

Mills,  S.  S.,  e.  July  1, 1801,  wd.at  luka. 

McNutt,  Wni.,  0.  July  1,  1801. 

Mills,  N.,  e.  July  1,  1801,  died.  Nov.  14, 1802,  disab. 

Mathers,  J.  O.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Niles,  A.  B.,  e.  July  1,  1801,  wd.  at  luka. 

Oswald,  Jacob,  e.  July  1, 1861,  kid.  in  bat.  of  luka. 

I'arett,  W.  B.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  wd.  at  luka,  disd.  Jan.  7, 
1803,  disab. 

I'hillips,  R.  S.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Phillips,  Auioa,  e.  July  1,  1801. 

Poynes,  C,  e.  July  1,  1801,  prmtd.  corp. 

Reynolds,  Jas.,  e.  July  1,  1801,  wd.  at  luka. 

Rogers,  A.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  captd.  at  Chattanooga. 

Rogers,  Geo.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  captd.  at  Madison  Sta- 
tion, Ala. 

Sawyer,  A.,  e.  July  1.  1801,  died.  Oct.  14,  1802,  disab. 

Sipe,  Jacob,  e.  July  1,  IHOl,  wd.  at  luka. 

Smith,  C,  c.  July  1,  1801,  captd.  at  Chatt^inooga. 

Snyder,  B.  F.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died.  Nov.  25,  1862,  for  gun- 
shot wd. 

Starry,  Benjamin,  e.  July  1,  1861,  died  at  St.  Louis  Dec. 
28,  1801. 

Stallings,  S.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Strong,  F.  E.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  wd.  at  luka. 

Wescott,  C.  A.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 

Williams,  S.  W.,  c.  July  1,1801,  wd.  at  luka. 

Wes<X)tt,  Riley,  e.  July  1,  1861,  captd.  at  Chattanooga. 

Williams,  T.  C,  e.  July  1,  1801,  disd.  Sept.  5,  1802. 

Wright,  R.  N.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  disd.  Aug.  10,  1802. 

Woodward,  Win.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  wd.  at  luka,  died  Jan. 
26,  1863. 

Company  C. 

Daniel,  Conners,  e,  Feb.  26,  lf*02. 

EIGHTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Edminster,  W.  L.,  e.  March  24, 1864. 


Company  B. 

Coats,  David,  e.  Sept.  17, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  disd.  Aug. 

10,  1862. 
Downing,  C.  A.,  e.  Sept.    13,  1861,   disd.  June   14,  1862,^ 

disab. 
Fi-ayer,  J.  B.,  e.  Sept.  13, 1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh. 
Hartwell,  U.  E.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1861,  died   Nov.  8,   1861,  at 

Springfield,  Mo. 
Hughs,  R.  H.,  e.  Sept.  17, 1801,  captd.  at  Shiloh,  died   at 

Memphis. 
Ives,  Owen,  e.  Sept.  13,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh. 
Kelly,  Z.  W.,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861,  kid.  at  Shiloh  April  6,  '62. 
Lockwood,  W.  B.,  e.  Sept.  17,  1801,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  died 

Jan.  16,  1863. 
Millis,  Lott,  (^  Sept.  15, 180!,  disd.  March  27, 1862,  disab. 
Millis,  Wm.,  e.  Sept.  15,  1861. 
Murray,  Rudolph,  e.  Sept.  15,  1801,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  kid.  at 

bat.  Corinth  Oct.  4,  1862. 
Selder,  Robert,  e.  Sept.  17,  1861,  captd.  at  Shiloh. 
Williams,  B.  H.,  e.  Sept.  15,  1801,  disd.  Dec.  26,  1861. 

Company  C. 

Caughey,  Homer,  e.  Aug.  10,  1861,  disd.  May  20, 1862, 

disab. 
Maxwell,  Thos.  W.,  e.  Maicli  ,30,  1804,  disd. 

Company  D. 

Edwards,  Chas.  F.,  e.  Nov.  21,  1864. 
Lance,  H.  A.,  e.  March  22,  1864. 
Knapp,  Thos.  J.,  e.  March  28,  1864. 

Company  E. 

Anderson,  C,  e.  March  2ii,  1864. 

Company  F. 

Beck,  Matthias,  e.  :March  31,  18G4. 
Engeldinger,  Peter,  e.  March  31,  1864. 
Hahn,  V.,  e.  March  31,  1804. 
Lumback,  Jacob,  e.  March  31,  1864. 
White,  B.  n.,  e.  March  31, 1864. 

Company  C. 

Sears,  Levi  B.,  e.  .\iiril  24,  1.^04. 
Williams,  Wimnier,  e.  April  25, 1864. 

ELEVENTH  INFANTRY. 

Enlisted  in  October,  1801,  and  went  to  St.  Louis  the  No- 
vember following.  They  spent  the  Winter  in  the  inte- 
rior of  Missouri,  doing  valuable  service  in  capturing 
rebels  and'euppliesof  horses,  food  and  ammunition. 

In  March,  1802,  the  regiment  moved  to  Tennessee,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  having  forty- 
five  killed,  including  those  who  died  of  wouiuIh  after- 
ward, and  180  wounded.  Gen.  McOlernand,  command- 
ing the  division,  spoke  in  his  official  dispatch  in  th» 
highest  terms  of  the  conduct  of  the  regiment  in  that 
action.  The  Spring  and  Summer  fallowing  were  spent  in 
the  siege  of  Corinth  and  occupiitiini  nf  Uolivar. 

The  Eleventh  was  in  Gon.  Urd's  column  at  luka,  and 
at  the  second  battle  of  Corinth,  taking  part  in  the  pursuit 
of  Price  and  Van  Dorn  to  Ripley,  immediately  there- 
after. 

At  the  famous  assault  on  Vicksburg,  May  22, 1803,  the 
Eleventh,  with  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  took 
active  part.  On  this  memorable  occa-sion,  Maj.  Foster,  of 
this  regiment,  who  was  in  command  of  the  skirmishers, 
received  lavonible  commendation  from  superior  officers 
for  the  many  deeds  of  valor  displayed  by  the  brave  boys 
under  his  rommand. 

From  Vicksburg,  the  regiment  went  to  Mechanicsvillo, 
Miss. ;  thence  to  Snyder's  Bluff,  May  31,  1863,  Avhere  they 
remained  until  June4th.  They  were  then  ordered  back 
to  Vicksburg,  where  they  stayed  till  the  23d  of  the  same 
month,  when  they  were  removed  to  Fox  I'lantatinn, 
Mis". ;  thence  to  .Jackson;  thence  to  Black  River  Bridge, 
July  13th.  Two  days  later,  they  went  to  Clinton,  Miss. ; 
thence  returned  to  Black  River  Bridge,  and  back  once 
more  to  Vicksburg,  July  28th,  remaining  until  the  21st 
of  August,  when  they  moved  to  Blonroe,  La.;  thence  to 
Bayou  Macon,  and  back  again  to  Vicksburg,  where  they 
remained  most  of  the  time  until  February  18, 1864,  when 
they  went  to  Meridian,  Miss. ;  thence  to  Canton,  March 
1,  and  back  to  Vicksburg,  where  they  remained  until 
March  13th. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


457 


From  Vicksbuig  the  regiment  came  to  Davenport,  on 
Yeteran  furlough,  and  remained  from  March  22,  1864,  to 
April  25th,  when,  once  more  shouldering  their  guns,  they 
started  for  the  scene  of  strife,  and,  going  by  the  way  of 
Cairo,  III.,  Faducah,  Ky.,  Clifton,  Tenn.,  and  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  arriving  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  June  10, 1864, 
and  were  before  Atlanta  from  July  17th  to  August  25th ; 
from  there  moved  to  East  Point,  Ga.,  September  9,  1864, 
and  were  mustered  out  of  service  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July 
15,  1865,  and  disbanded  at  Davenport. 

Company  A. 

Kellogg,  F.  M.,  e.  Sept.  2,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1804. 

Company  B. 

Capt.  Benj.  F.  Rose,  e.  as  private  Sept.  17,  1861,  prmtd. 

capt.  Aug.  30, 1803,  missing  in  action  at  Atlanta  July 

22,  1804,  m.  o.  March  27,  1865. 
First  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Weatherby,  com.  Oct.  1,  1861,  wd.  in 

battle  of  Corinth,  resd.  Feb.  IS,  1803. 
First  Lieut.  Ira  Pfoutz,  e.  as  corp.  Sept.  15,  1861,  prmtd. 

to  1st  lieut.  Sept.  19,  1863,  wd.  near  Atlanta,  disd. 

Oct.  7,  1864,  disab. 
Second  Lieut.  Philip  D.  Beaty,  com.  Oct.  1,  1861,  resd. 

Dec,  1861. 
Sergt.  Jas.  Denbow,  e.  Sept.  24, 1861,  disd.  March  3,  1863. 
Corp.  J.  S.  Deeter,  e.  Sept.  18,  1861. 
Corp.  S.  Mooney,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861. 
Musician  John  K.  Stough,  e.  Sept.  12, 1S61. 
Bennett,  J.,  e.  Feb.  29,  1864,  captd.  at  Atlanta. 
Brockway,  S.  S.,  e.  Sept.  20, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh. 
Blundon,  E.,  e.  Sept.  17, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh. 
Blundon,  John  W.,  e.  Sept.  17,  1801. 
Conway,  L.  N.,  e.  Sept.  18, 1861,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
Cardiff,  John  W.,  e.  Sept.  16, 1801. 
Clark,  John,  e.  Sept.  5, 1861,  died  Feb.  23,  1863,  at  Lake 

Providence,  La. 
Cliflbrd,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Sept.  16, 1861. 
Cox,  J.  F.,  e.  Sept.  5,  1862. 
Dale,  David,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh. 
Davis,  R.  M.,  e.  Sept.  5, 1862. 
Denton,  Martin,  e.  Sept.  19,  18G1,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
Estep,  John  H.,  e.  Sept.  5,  1862. 
Estep,  T.  C,  e.  March  31,  1864. 

Fairman,  John  A.,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861,  died  May  19,  1862. 
Gard,  David,  e.  Sept.  18,  1861,  disd.  Feb.  20,  1863. 
Garwood,  Addison,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  trans. 

to  Inv.  Corps,  Feb.  15, 1864. 
Hnmlong,  F.,  e.  March  31,  1864. 

Holcomb,  William  D.,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861,  died  Jan.  4,  1862. 
Hockett,  Joseph  L.,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861,  wd.  near  Kenesaw 

Jlountain. 
Hobart,  John  H.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  captd.  near  Atlanta. 
Hastings,  Joseph  B.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  vet.  Feb.  29,  1864. 
Hobbs,  A.  W..  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  disd.  April  10,  1863,  died 

April  25,  1863,  at  St.  Louis. 
Hedrick,  S.  L.,  e.  Sept.  18, 1861. 
Hammond,  C.  W.,  e.  Sept.  16, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  Corinth, 

and  near  Atlanta,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864. 
Jessup,  Joseph  B.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  died  Jan.  22, 1862. 
Knapp,  Nathan,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861. 
King,  Joseph,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861. 
Letner,  Wm.  B.,  e.  Sept.  5,  1862. 
Laplant,  Joseph  L.,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861. 
Laplant,  L.  J.,  e.  Sept.  15,  1861. 
.flyers,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Sept.  5,  1862,  kid.  at  Atlanta. 
McCombs,  Jno.  A.,  e.  Sept.  15.  1861. 
Meyers,  Jiis.  C.  e.  Sept.  15, 1861 ,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
Millen,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  disd. 

June  27,  1865. 
Millen,  Wm.,  e.  Sept.  16, 1861. 
Marsh,  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh. 
drr,  John,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861. 

Perry,  Peter,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861,  disd.  Feb.  3,  1864,  disab. 
Kockhill,  D.  D.,  e.  Sept.  12, 1861,  disd.  Oct.  21, 1862,  disab. 
Richard,  Jos.,  e.  Sept.  19,  1861,  captd.  at  Atlanta. 
Rutan,  John,  e.  Sept.  16, 1861,  kid.  near  Atlanta. 
Stough,  Henry,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861. 
Stevens,  Austin,  e.  Sept.  24,  1861. 
Southwick,  A.  H.,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861. 
Shafer,  David,  e.  Sept.  24, 1861,  wd  at  Shiloh. 
Smith,  Thos.  C,  e.  Sept.  17, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh. 
Voris,  M'm.  W.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861. 
Weitzell,  Jacobs,  e.  Sept.  17,1861. 

Company  H. 

Coleman,  David,  e.  March  28. 1804,  died  in  Atlanta. 
Insley,  Jos.,  e.  March  31, 1861,  died  Dec.  3, 1863. 


Joy,  Henry  M.,  e.  March  31, 1864. 
Tewksbury,  C.  E.,  March  28,1864. 
Stewart,  Geo.  W.,  e.  March  28,  1864. 
Winchel,  H.,  e.  March  29, 1864. 

Company  K, 

Printz,  Isaac,  e.  Sept.  11,  1801,  died  at  Vicksburg. 
Rogers,  Wm.,  o.  Sept.  20,  ]8(il,  died  in  Chicago  Sept. 
18, 1863. 

UNASSIGNED. 

Johnson,  Jno.  C,  e.  March  '23,  1864. 
Sparks,  Jason  C  ,  e.  March  31, 1864. 
Snyder,  S.  S.,  e.  March  30, 1864. 


THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 

was  recruited  under  the  President's  proclamation  of  July 
22, 1861,  and  rendezvoused  at  Camp  McClellan,  near  Dav- 
enport. There  were  989  men  on  the  rolls.  Maj.  Bl.  M. 
Crocker,  of  the  Second  Regiment,  was  commissioned 
Colonel.  From  November  20th  to  Deceniberllth,  the  regi- 
ment remained  at  Benton  Barracks,  and  was  assigned  to 
garrison  duty  at  Jefferson  City  during  the  Winter.  In 
March,  Col.  Crocker  received  orders  to  report  to  Gen. 
Grant ;  and  on  the  8th  of  that  month,  1862,  the  reg- 
iment left,  by  railroad,  for  St.  Louis,  where  it  embarked  for 
Pittsburg  Landing,  arriving  on  the  23d.  Col.  Crocker  re- 
ported to  Gen.  McClernand,  commanding  First  Division, 
and  with  the  Eleventh  Iowa  and  Eighth  and  Eighteenth 
Illinois,  constituted  the  First  Brigade,  under  Col.  Richard 
Oglesby.  At  Shiloh,  on  the  tirst  day,  it  was  under  fire 
for  ten  consecutive  hours,  and  gallantly  sustained  the 
reputation  of  Iowa  troops.  On  that  day,  Lieut,  fol. 
Price  and  Major  Shane  were  wounded,  and  the  regiment 
lost  24  killed',  139  wounded  and  9  missing.  A  few  days 
after  the  battle  of  Shiloh  the  army  was  re-organized,  and 
the  Thirteenth  was  placed  in  the  Sixth  Division,  and 
attached  to  the  Third  Brigade,  composed  of  the  Eleventh, 
Thirteenth,  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Iowa  Regiments, 
Col.  M.  M.  Crocker  commanding,  soon  becoming  known 
as  the  "Iowa  Brigade."  About  this  time,  Lieut.  Col. 
Price  resigned,  Maj.  Shane  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  and  Capt.  G.  M.  Van  Hosen  became  Major.  The 
command  participated  in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  and  became 
a  pai  t  of  the  garrison  at  that  place  when  evacuated  by 
the  rebel  forces. 

After  remaining  at  Corinth  two  months,  the  regiment 
marched  to  Bolivar,  Tenn.,  to  look  after  the  enemy,  but 
returned  to  Corinth  September  12th. 

Its  next  movement  was  under  Gen.  Ord,  in  a  march  on 
luka,  and  returned  to  Corinth  about  the  1st  of  October, 
where  it  was  engaged  on  the  3d  and  4th  ;  but  although 
under  heavy  artillery  fire  for  some  time,  its  losses  were 
light.  On  iSunday  morning,  October  5th,  the  command 
joined  in  pursuit  of  the  rebels,  which  was  continued  to 
Ripley.  On  its  return,  the  regiment  reached  Corinth 
October  11th,  where  it  remained  three  weeks,  when  it 
joined  in  the  campaign,  under  Gen.  Grant,  against  Vicks- 
burg, via  Holly  Springs  and  Granada.  It  reached  "  Yo- 
cana"  Creek,  when.  Holly  Springs  having  been  lost,  the 
army  countermarched  to  the  frontier  of  Tennessee,  and 
arrived  at  Memphis  Jan.  13,  1863.  On  the  20th,  it  em- 
barked on  steamers,  moving  down  the  river  to  Duckport, 
La.;  but,  without  disembarking,  returned  to  Milliken's 
Bend,  where  it  remained  a  fortnight.  It  then  moved  to 
Providence  and  went  into  camp  for  two  months,  working 
much  of  the  time  on  the  Lake  Providence  Canal.  While 
here  the  army  was  re-organized,  and  the  Thirteenth 
became  a  jiart  of  the  First  Division,  Seventeenth  Corps, 
observation,  Gen.  McPherson  commanding.  Shortly  after. 
Col.  Crocker  was  promoted  to  be  a  Brigadier  General, 
when  Lieut.  Col.  Shane  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
regiment. 

In  August,  it  was  engaged  with  a  portion  of  the  navy 
in  wrecking  and  dismantling  gunboats  that  had  been 
sunk  by  rebel  torpedoes  in  Yazoo  River.  It  also  par- 
ticipated in  a  campaign  against  Monroe,  L  i.,  under  Gen. 
Stevenson.  September  .3d,  it  went  into  quarters  at  Vicks- 
burg, where  it  remained  four  months.  From  February  4 
to  March  4,1804,  it  was  with  the  forces  under  Gen.  Sher- 
man in  the  famous  raid  on  Meridian.  On  its  return  from 
this  raid,  most  of  the  men  having  re-enlisted,  it  was 
declared  a  veteran  organization,  and  officers  and  men 
were  given  "  thirty  days  in  their  own  State,"  and  were 
homeward  bound  on  the  7th  of  March. 

April  16th,  they  were  off  to  the  wars  again,  arriving  at 
Huntsville,  Ala.,  May  20th,  thence  to  Ackworth,  Ga., 
joining  Sherman's  army  on   the  8th  of  June.      Its  first 


458 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


battle  in  the  Atlanta  campaign  was  at  Kenesaw  Moun- 
tain, and  was  almost  continuously  under  fire  until  July 
2uth,  when  it  took  position  before  Atlanta,  three  miles 
away.  On  the  2l8t,  the  Iowa  Brigade,  under  Col.  Shane, 
lo»t"226  men  in  Iwenty-seven  minutes,  in  a  splendid 
assiiult  on  a  rebel  fort.  Again  engaged  on  the  22d,  and 
suffered  severely.  On  the  28th,  giiUiintly  fought,  having 
been  ordered  to  reinforce  a  portion  of  the  line  hard 
pressed  by  the  enemy. 

It  participated  in  Sherman's  famous  march  to  the 
sea,  and  a  portion  of  the  regiment,  under  Lieut.  Col. 
Kennedy,  entered  Columbia  and  hoisted  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  on  the  rebel  capitol. 

The  Thirteenth,  after  a  long  and  honorable  career,  was 
mustered  out.  paid  off  and  disbanded  at  Davenport,  Iowa, 
July  28  and  29, 1865. 

Maj.  Thos.  P.  Marshall,  com.  aipt.  Co.  H,  Nov.  2, 1861, 
pnntd.  maj.  July  23,  1864,  wd.  near  Atlanta,  resd. 
April  6,  186.5. 

Company  A. 

Parsons,  D.  M.,  e.  March  3n,  lsi;4,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 

Company  C. 

Sergt.  Geo.  H.  Ruple.  e.  Sfpt.  28,  1862.  vet.  March  10,  '64. 
Ellis,  A.,  e.  March  26.  1864,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
Ragsdale,  Jas.  W.,  e.  Jlarch  29, 1864,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
Richards,  Jno.  A.,  e.  Blarch  29,  '64,  died  at  Alexandria,  Va. 
Spencer,  William,  e.  March  26,  1864. 
Wilson,  John,  e.  March  29,  1864 

Company  D. 

Sergt.  Robt.  F.  Lowe,  e.  Oct.  10,  1861,  vet.  March  26, 1864, 

died  at  Big  Shanty,  Ga. 
Breon,  Jos.,  e.  March  31, 1864. 
Emery,  Jno.  L.,  e.  March  31,  18()4. 
Ferraud,  F.,  e.  March  26, 1864. 

McGrew,  Alex.,  e.  Blarch  22,  1864,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
Reed,  E.  C,  e.  March  31,  1864,  wd. 
Small,  Wni.  R  ,  e.  March  30,  lsr,4,  died  at  Rome,  Ga. 

Company  H. 

Capt.  Chas.  H.  Haskin,  e.  as  sergt.  Oct.  1, 1861,  prmtd.  2d 

lieut.  April  23,  1863,  wd.  near  Atlanta,  prmtd.  capt. 

July  23,  1864. 
First  Lieut.  Elliott  Shurtz,  com.  Nov.  2,  1861,  wd.  at  Shi- 

loh,  resd.  Sept.  16,  1862. 
First  Lieut.  Murrill   P.  Bush,  e.  as  sergt.  Oct.  15,  1861, 

prmtd.  2d  lieut.  July  2:i,  1864,  prmtd.  1st  lieut.  Aug. 

21,  1864. 
Second  Lieut.  Geo.  S.  Hampton,  Jr., -com.  Dec.  20,  1861, 

wd.  at  Shiloh,  capt.  and  A.  A.  G.,  U.  S.  V.,   Feb. 

27,  1863. 
Sergt.  Herman  P.  Williams,  e.  Oct.  1,  1864,  disd.  June 

12,  1862. 
Sergt.  Chas.  M.  Haskins,  e.  Oct.  1,1SGI. 
Sergt.  Calvin  Young,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  wd.  near  Atlanta, 

trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Sergt.  Z.  L.  Bartlett,  e.  Oct.  15,  1861,  died  at  Jackson, 

Miss. 
Sergt.  S.  P.  Wolston,  e.  Oct.  12,  1861,  captd.  near  Atlanta, 

died  at  Andersonville. 
Corp.  C.  Van  Voorhies,  e.  Oct  12,  1801,  kid.  in  battle  at 

Shiloh. 
Corp.  H.  V.  Wllley,  e.  Oct.  9,  1861,  kid.  in  battle  at 

Shiloh. 
Corp.  D.  H.  Sims,  e.  Oct.  1, 1862,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  trans. 

for  promotion  in  colored  regiment. 
Corp.  John  H.  Jarvis,  e.  Oct.  2,  1861,  kid.  at  Shiloh. 
Corp.  J.  C.  Holcomb,  e.  Oct.  1.  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864. 
Musician  Solomon  Miller,  e.  Oct.  2,  1861. 
Allman,  David,  e.  Dec.  7,  1863. 
Archard,  J.  B.,  e.  Oct.  31,  1864. 
Bardon,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  wd.near 

Atlanta. 
Brockitt,  C.  \.,  e.  March  31, 1864. 
Cleaver,  K  ,  e,  Oct.  11,  1861.  wd.  at  Shiloh,  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
Clark,  James,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Canfield,  F.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861. 

Cooder,  C.  R.,  e.  Oct.  11,  1861,  disd.  Aug.  28,1862. 
Ferguson,  Wm.  W.,  e.  March  29,  18ii4. 
Ferguson,  David  B.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  died  Jan.  30,  1862. 
Forbes,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Ndv.  3(J,  1863,  wd.  near  Atlanta,  disd. 

Oct.  27,  1864,  wds. 
Foy,  N.  C,  e.  Oct.  9,  1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh  and  near  At- 
lanta. 


Forrey,  D.  B.,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  vet.  Dec.  15,  1864. 

Gard,  F.  M.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864,  captd.  near  Atlanta. 

Gage,  L.  S.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861. 

Gillespie,  Joseph  F.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  disd.  Feb.  8,  1862, 

disab. 
Hambling,  D.  L.,  e.  Jan.  31, 1864. 
Hogle,  Henry  P.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  died  July  19,  1864,  at 

Corinth. 
Johnson,  Joseph,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  disd.  Oct.  27, 1862. 
Kennedy,  James,  e.    Oct.   1,   1861,  disd.   Feb.  22,   1862, 

disub. 
Keller,  Jacob,  e.  Oct.  11,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  captd. 

near  Atlanta. 
McCain,  William  H..  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
McCain,  A.  B.,  e.  October  1,  1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  disd. 

Feb.  11,  1863. 
Marshall,  William  R.,  e.  Dec.  9,  1863,  disd.  July  8,  1864, 

disab. 
Murphey,  Charles,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
Miller,  Levi,  e.  Oct.  8,  1861,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps  Nov. 

20,  1863. 
Moore,  E.  S.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861. 
Miller,  Albert,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
Mitchell,  James,  e.  Oct.  12, 1861,  wd.  near  Atlanta. 
Mulvehill,  M.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  wd.  at 

Kenesaw  Mt. 
Mahoney,  P.  H.,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  disd.  Sept. 

4,  1862,  disab. 
Nettle,  John  BI.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  wd.  at  Shiloh,  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864,  kid.  near  Atlanta. 
Nichodi-mus,  P.  H.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861. 

Noel,  Samuel  F.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  disd.  Feb.  6, 1862,  disab. 
Norman,  H.  W.,  e.  Oct.  15, 1861. 
Powell,  Isaac  C,  e.  Oct.  15,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  kid. 

near  Atlanta. 
Ravcroft,  F.,  e.  Oct.  9, 1862,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
Rickey,  J.  N.,  e.  Oct.  11,  1861,  disd.  March  6, 1863,  disab. 
Statler,  A.  H.,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864. 
Sims,  J.  R.  W.,  e.  Oct.  2, 1861,  disd.  June  9, 1862. 
Scroggins,  A.,  e.  March  30, 1 864. 
Smith,  James  M.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  died  Dec.  23,  1861,  at 

St.  Louis. 
Smith,  Edwin,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861,  vet.  Dec.  15,1863. 
Stone,  J.  F.,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  disd.  Feb.  28,  1863. 
Snell,  Wm.,  e.  Oct.  7,  1861,  died  Jan.  10,  1862. 
Sexton,  Patrick,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  disd.  Jan.  1,  1864,  disab. 
Vanpelt.  T.  J.,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861. 
Wilson,  Wm.  G.,e.  Oct.  1,  1861. 
Warner,  A.,  e.  Dec.  9,  1863. 
Wilson,  Douglas,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
AVarner,  T.,  e.  Dec.  9, 1863. 
Wheeler,  James  M.,  e.  Oct.  14,  1861,  disd.  Jan.  15,  1863 

disab. 
Woodard,  Miram,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps 

April  lu,  1864. 
Young,  C.  H.,  vet.  Feb.  15, 1864. 

Company  I. 

Wiley,  Hamilton  L.,  e.  March  18,  1864. 

UNKNOWN. 

Backer,  Stewart,  e.  Oct.  26,1864. 
Barns,  0.  V.,  e.  March  31,  1864. 
Cox,  Wm.  B.,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Clark,  E.  J.,  e.  Feb.  29,  1864. 
Chapin,  D.  L.,  e.  Jan.  16, 1864. 
Carter,  Wm.  A.,  e.  Jan.  5, 1864. 
Douthit,  F.  J.,  e.  Jan.  16,  1864. 
Detrick,  Jesse,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864. 
Evans,  Samuel  L.,  e.  March  15, 1864. 
Fraley,  S.  W.,  e.  Jan.  18,  1864. 
Fraley,  John  D.,  e.  Feb.  22,  1864. 
Garwood,  J.,  e.  Oct.  31,  1864. 
Haywood,  Jua.,  e.  Nov.  2,  1864. 
Havens,  H.  C,  e.  Jan.  18,  1864. 
Ingram,  David,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Joens,  N.  S.,  e.  Oct.  27, 1864. 
Kessinger,  H.,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Kanson,  Samuel,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Lacy,  John  W.,  e.  Nov.  2,  1864. 
Lockwood,  Frank,  e.  Jan.  2, 1864. 
Monson,  Hans,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Mitchell,  Jas.,  e.  March  22,  1864. 
Myers,  Henry,  e.  Dec.  14,  1863. 
Myers,  William,  e.  Dec.  24,  1863. 
Nicholas,  Jas.  H.,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Pease,  Saniuef  E.,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Price,  C.  W.,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Rickey,  David,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864. 


H  [STORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


459 


Hiley,  Eeuben  F.,  e.  March  23,  1864. 
Bunyan,  H.  A.,  e.  Feb.  17,  1864. 
Biinyan,  Jno.  D.,  e.  Feb.  3, 1864. 
Sanderson,  L.  W.,  e.  Nov.  1,  1864. 
Shinkle,  Cbas.  W.,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Simpson,  Jno.  W.,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Abbott,  Harvey,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864. 
Blow,  Jos.  P.,  e.  Jan.  5, 1864. 
Chorn,  S.,  e.  Jan.  4, 1864. 
Ford,  C,  e,  Jan.  5,  1864. 
Glass.  B.  F.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864. 
Merritt,  Lemuel,  e.  Dec.  29,  1864. 
Smith,  Clark,  e.  Jan.  9,  1864. 
Stewart,  A.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864. 
Thompson,  J.,  e.  Dec.  28,  1864. 
Thorn,  E.  F.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864. 
Wellington,  D.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864. 
Thomas,  Lewis  W.,  e  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Tuffue,  Francis,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Thornton,  Daniel,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Van  Pelt,  Voorhies.  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Woodward  James  M.,  e.  Oct.  31,  1864. 
Williams,  Innig,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 
Wickersham,  S.  T.,  e.  Dec.  29, 1864. 
Zufell,  Jacob,  e.  Oct.  27,  1864. 


TWENTi^-THIRD  INFANTRY. 

Company  K  was  from  JIarshall  County.  This  company 
was  enlisted  in  a  few  days,  about  the  middle  of  August, 
1862.  The  regiment  was  mustered  into  the  United  States' 
service  September  1(),  1862.  Went  into  barracks  at  Des 
Moines;  from  there  to  Keokuk,  and  thence  to  Schofleld 
Barracks,  at  St.  Louis. 

The  first  orders  received  were  to  send  the  regiment  to 
Pilot  Knob,  or  Iron  Mountain,  Mo.  A  temporary  camp 
was  there  made.  The  next  move  was  to  Camp  Patterson. 
The  regiment  was  ordered  off  on  a  trip  through  Missouri, 
to  the  southwestern  part  of  the  State,  and  thence  was  at- 
tached to  the  Department  of  the  Gulf.  Participated  in 
the  Vicksburg  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles 
of  Port  Gibson,  Black  River  Bridge,  Champion  Hills, 
Vicksburg,  Jackscn  and  Milliken's  Bend. 

At  the  close  of  this  campaign,  the  regiment  went  up 
Ked  River,  where  numerous  skirmishes  were  had.  It 
then  went  to  Fort  Esperenza,  Texas,  and  afterward  took 
part  in  the  battle  at  Fort  Blakely,  while  approaching 
Mobile.  After  the  surrender  of  that  city,  the  regiment 
entered  it,  but  soon  departed  for  Texas,  going  to  Galves- 
ton and  Houston.  From  there  it  went  to  Brownsville, 
on  the  Colorado  River,  Texas,  and  was  there  when  the 
war  ended. 

The  regiment  was  mustered  out  at  Davenport.  It  was 
distinguished  for  its  brave  conduct  in  the  numerous  en- 
gagements in  which  it  participated. 

Company  A. 

Barton,  Thomas  F.,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 

Company  B. 

McLaughlin,  George  W.,  e.  Aug.  '21, 1862,  wd.  at  Port  Gib- 
son, disd.  June  25,  1864. 

Company  K. 

Capt.  Frederick  J.  Woodbury,  com.  Sept.  19,  1862,  resd. 

Oct.  2(1,  1863. 
Capt.  John  McGowen,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  12, 1862,  prmtd.  to 

capt.  Jan.  20,  1864. 
First  Lieut.  N.  Sanford  Howard,  com.  Sept.  19, 1862,  resd. 

April  11,  1863. 
First  Lieut.  Charles  C.  Carleton,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  14,  '62, 

prmtd.  to  2d  lieut.  March  24, 1863,  prmtd.  to  1st  lieut. 

April  12, 1863,  resd.  Jan.  19,  1864. 
First  Lieut.  Henry  C.  Wilson,  e.    as  sergt.  Aug.  7,  1862, 

prmtd.  to  2d  lieut.  April  12,  1863,  prmtd.  to  1st  lieut. 

.Ian.  20,  1863. 
Second  Lieut.  George  W.  Raff,  com.  Aug.  30,  1862,  resd. 

March  23,  1863. 
Sergt.  James  M.  Hanks,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  disd.  Feb.  17. 

1863,  disab. 
Sergt.  William  H.  Lindsay,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862. 
Sergt.  James  H.  Huntsdon,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862,  died  at  Du- 

vall's  Bluff,  Ark. 
Corp.  Daniel  Worrell,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  died  at  Young's 

Point,  La. 
Corp.  Solomon  Hendee,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862,  died  at  Milliken's 

Bend. 


Corp.  M.  L.  Parrett,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862,  disd.  Feb.  14,  1863, 

disab. 
Corp.  George  E.  Culver,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862,  wd.  at  Black  River 

Bridge,  died  July  1,  1863. 
Corp.  E.  L.  Thayer,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862. 
Corp.  J.  L.  Honberger,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862,  kid.  at  Milliken's 

Bend. 
Corp.  George  L.  Sawyer,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862. 
Corp.  C.  P.  JlcCord,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862,  wd.  at  Black  River 

Bridge,  disd.  Aug.  13,  1863,  disab. 
Corp.  J.  W.  Bertz,  e.  Aug.   2, 1862,  disd.  April  29,  1864, 

disab. 
Corp.  Charles  Monlux,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862. 
Musician  John  W.  Hart,  e   Aug.  20, 1862. 
Musician  T.  C.  Small,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Wagoner  A.  McKimpson,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862,  died  at  Milli- 
ken's Bend. 
Adair,  William,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps  Jan. 

15,  1864. 
Burns,  Henry,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  kid.  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss. 
Brown,  Thomas  S.,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  died  Sept.  9,  1863,  at 

St.  Louis. 
Billman,  John,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  died  Dec.  28,  1863,  at 

Keokuk. 
Billman,  H.  A.,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  wd.  and  died  at  Milliken's 

Bend. 
Benson,  I.  S.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  kid.  at  Black  River  Bridge. 
Brockett,  William  H.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862. 
Barbee,  M.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  died  at  Vicksburg. 
Crosby,  A.  E.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862. 

Connelly,  H.  C,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps. 
Colson,  James  H.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corp.s 

Dec.  15,  1863. 
Dent,  Robert  D.,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  kid.  at  Milliken's  Bend. 
Downs,  E.  W.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1802. 

Davis,  John  L.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862,  died  at  Milliken's  Bend. 
Eakins,  James  L.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862,  wd. 
Eakins,  John  A.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  kid.  at  Black  River 

Bridge. 
Ewary,  John,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862. 

Filkins.  H.  B.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  died  at  Milliken's  Bend. 
Grewell,  A.  B.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862 
Hotchkiss,  Orson,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862,  disd.  April  17,  1863, 

disab. 
Hotchkiss,  0.  L.,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862. 
Ham,  James  H.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862. 

Hand,  H.,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps  Jan.  15,  '64. 
Hand,  C,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862. 
Hubbard,  H.,  e.  Aug.  1],  1862,  wd.  at  Port  Gibson,  disd. 

Sept.  22,  1864,  disab. 
Hoile,  James,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  died  at  Morganzia,  La. 
Hunt,  I.  T.,  e.  Aug,   11,  1862,  died   Sept.  8,  1863,  at  St. 

Louis. 
Harrison,  David,  e/Aug.  14,  1862. 
Hall.  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862,  died  at  Marshall  Countv 

Sept.  28,  1863. 
Hayne,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862. 
Hall,  John,  e.  Aug.  1,  1862. 
Inman,  David,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 
Johnson,  Wm.  A.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1862,  kid.  at  Black  River 

Bridge. 
Leech,  Thos.  H.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  died  at  Vicksburg. 
Mack,  E.  D.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862. 

Mack,  M.  H.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps. 
Meech,  Abel,  e.  April  11, 1862,  disd.  April  11,  1864,  disab. 
Miskimins,  Jos.  H.,  e.  April  14,  1862. 
Nicholls,  F.  R.,  e.  Av)g.  5.  1862,  disd.  May  27,  1865,  disab. 
Nelson,  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  9.  1862. 
Neenan,  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862. 
Norton,  W.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Poynes,  John   M.,  e.  Aug.   11.  1862,  disd.  Feb.  21,  1863 

disab. 
Price,  Wm.  0.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 
Peril),  David,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 
Perin,  H.  J.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 
Richey,  .Tesse,  e.  Aug.  9,  lb62,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps  April 

.30,  1864. 
Rogers,  Francis,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862. 
Richards,  A.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862,  died  at  Arcadia,  Mo.,  Dec. 

10,  1862. 
Stall,  J.  H.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862. 
Swarthout,  David,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862,  died  at  Marshalltown 

Sept.  19,  1863. 
Steward,  John,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862. 

Sawyer,  Jos.  J.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1802,  kid.  at  Milliken's  Bend. 
Smith,  A.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  kid.  at  Port  Gibson. 
See,  John,  e.  A.  12,  1862,  died  at  St.  Charles,  Ark.,  .\ug. 

3.  1864. 
Shearer,  S.  J.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 

Shenkle,  I.  N.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862,  died  at  Young's  Point,  La. 

K 


460 


HISTORY  Oh    MARSHALL  COUNTY, 


Somer,  M.  E.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,  wl.  at  Black  Kiver  Bridge. 
Simpson,  W.  A.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862,  disd.  Jlarcli  1.  l^G:i, 

disab. 
Tower.  D.  A.,  c.  Aug.  2,  1862. 
Tuffree,  E.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 
Tucker,  M.  A.,  e.  Aug.  U,  1862. 
Thompson,  \V.  M.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 
Tlioiiipsoii,  Jos.  A.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862. 

Thomas,  Cheney,  e.  Aug.  lu,  1862,  disd.  Jan.  IX,  1863,  di»»b 
Town,  Chas.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862,  wd.  at  Black  Kiver  Bridge. 
Wood,  David,  o.  Aug.  13, 1802,  disd.  Feb.  11,  1863,  disjib. 
Wilson,  John  P.,  e.  Aug.  16,  1862. 
Wilbur.  Geo,  L.,  v.  Aug.  9,  1862,  trans,  for  promotion  to 

2d  lieut.  Ist  La.  Vols. 

THIRTY-SECOND  INFANTRY. 

The  Thirty-second  Infantry  was  organized  at  Dubuque 
October  6,  1862,  and  on  15th  and  Hth  whs  moved  to 
Davenpoit.  Left  Davenport  November  2lBt,  for  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  November  2.5th,  Companies  B,  C,  E,  H,  I  and 
K,  with  Rcgimenial  Headquarters',  went  to  New  Madrid, 
Mo.,  and  Companies  A,  D,  F  and  G,  for  Cape  Girardeau, 
Mo.,  and  were  so  separated  until  March  4,  1864.  The 
New  Madrid  portion  left  December  2yth,  for  Fort  Pillow, 
Tenn.;  April  1,  1863,  Company  B  was  ordered  to  Fulton, 
Tenn.,  and  on  June  20tli,  the  detachment  was  ordered  to 
Columlius,  Ky.  July  1st,  Company  C  was  mounted  and 
attached  to  the  Forth  Missouri  Cavalry.  September  Ist, 
Companies  H  and  K  were  ordered  to  Island  No.  10; 
January  15,  lM'i4,  Company  C  was  dismounted;  January 
2()th,  the  detachment  left  Columbus  for  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
and  assigned  to  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division,  16th  A. 
C. ;  February  3d,  marched  with  Gen.  Sherman's  forces, 
to  Meredian,  Miss.,  and  returned  March  4th.  The  detach- 
ment under  Col.  Eberhart,  garrl'-oned  at  Cape  Girardeau 
until  March  14,  1863,  when  it  took  a  scout  to  Blooming- 
ton,  Mo.,  and  returned  on  the  24th;  on  2<sth,  joined  in 
pursuit  of  Marmaduke's  forces,  returning  May  .'Jth  ;  July 
10,  1863,  moved  to  Bloomington,  Mo.,  and  was  assigned 
to  Reserve  Brigade,  First  Cavalry  Division ;  on  19th, 
moved  southward,  arriving  at  Clarendon,  Ark.,  August 
8th,  leaving  on  13th,  on  gunboats,  going  to  mouth  of  Red 
River.  Companies  A  and  K  captured  two  confederate 
transports.  In  destroying  pontoon  bridges,  lost  several 
men  in  an  engagement.  On  16th,  drove  enemy's  pickets 
to  Harrison's  Landing;  joined  division  on  18th.  August 
27th,  had  160  men  which  were  put  in  wagons;  found 
enemy  and  repulsed  them,  and  reached  Little  Rock  Sep- 
tember 11th  with  hardly  a  man  fit  for  duty,  im  account 
of  two  months  of  such  fearful  exposure  and  liardships ; 
arrived  at  Meni])his  February  otli,  ami  at  Vicksburg  the 
9th,  and  there  joined  the  balance  of  regiment.  On  10th, 
started  for  Red  River,  and  disembarked  at  Limeport,  La. 
Assisted  in  the  capture  of  Fort  De  Russey.  On  16th, 
camped  at  Alexandria,  La.,  and  marched  to  Grand  Ecore 
April  3d.  On  7th,  marched  for  Shreveport,  and  was 
attacked  at  Pleasant  Hill;  loss,  thirty-eight  killed,  116 
Wounded,  fifty-six  missing.  .\fter  several  tedious 
marches,  went  in  camp  at  Memphis  June  15th.  June 
24th,  weiit  to  Moscow.  Tenn.,  and  on  the  27th  to  La 
Grange.  July  14th,  was  attacked  by  enemy  at  Tupelo, 
and  on  the  15th,  at  Obi  Town  Creek.  Arrived  in  Holly 
Springs  August  4th,  and  Memphis,  30th.  From  Septem- 
ber 5th  to  October  18th,  was  on  the  move,  and  landed  at 
St.  Louis.  On  the  25th,  moved  by  transports  to  Nash- 
ville, Tei.ii.  In  battle  of  Nashville,  the  Thirty-second  did 
nobly,  caiituring  liurguchoud's  battery  of  five  guns  and 
fifty  prisoners.  December  31,  1864,  embarked  for  East- 
port,  Miss. 

The  regiment  traveled  5,.594  miles,  2,332  on  foot.  Ag- 
gregate mustered  into  service,  911.  Has  received,  since 
muster  in,  277  recruits.  Lost  93  men  in  battle,  177  by 
disease,  122  discharged,  29  transferred  and  1  missing. 

Assistant  Surgeon  Wm.  B.  Waters,  comd.  Sept.  16,  1862, 

resd.  July  22,  1863. 
Hospital  .'burgeon  Newcomb  S.  Smith. 

Company  D. 

Baker,  Jas.  A.,  e.  Feb.  1,  1M)4,  died  at  Abxandria,  La. 
Capps,  Moses  S.,e.Feb.  4,  lMi4,  kid.  at  Pleasant  Hill,  La. 
St.  John,  Kufus  L.,  e.  March  30,  1864. 
St.  John,  H    M.,  e.  March  30,  1866. 

Company  K. 

Capt.  Gideon  Wheeler,  coin.  Ut  lieut.  Oct.  6,  1862,  prnitd. 
capt.  Oct.  4, 1863. 


Second   Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Fallas,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  22,  1862,. 

prmtd.  2d  lieut.  Feb.  4, 1865. 
Sergt.  Thomas  J.  Spiudler,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  disd.  July  22, 

1863,  disab. 
Sergt.  Calvin  Randolph,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 
Corp.  Jesse  Rolston,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 
Cori>.  John  McCoy,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862.  • 

Corp.  A.  C.  Zabriski,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862. 
Corp.  T.  C.  Purcell,  e.  Aug.  14, '62,  disd.  May  29, '63,  disab. 
Corp.  C.  0.  Sefton,  e.  July  21,  1862. 
Wagoner   B.   H.   Cunningham,  e.  July  28,  1862,  died  at 

Albion  Sept.  23, 1864. 
Beeman,  Wm.  L.,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 
Blair,  Francis,  e.  July  29,  1862,  deserted  Nov.  21,  1862. 
Bryant,  Jos.  J.,  e.  July  29,  1862. 
Clark,    Lyman,   e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  Jan. 

10,  1865. 
Cripps,  Amos,  e.  Feb.  22,  1864. 
Dickerson,  John  W.,  e.  Aug.  18,  1862. 
Dawson,  Samuel  B.,  e.  July  28,  1862. 
Daniel,  Samuel  B.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862. 
Denbow,  John,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862. 
Frakcs,  A.  J.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  wd.  and  captd.at  Pleasant 

Hill,  La. 
Hall,   Davis,  c.  Aug.  22,  1862,  died  at  Albion  May  12,  '64. 
Henderson,  John,  e.  Aug.  13, 1862,  wd.,  captd.  and  died  at 

Pleasant  Hill,  La. 
Keyes,  Geo.  E.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 

Long,  Benj.,  e.  Aug.  16,  1862,  died  at  Albion  Dec.  22,  '63. 
Martin,  Wm.,  e.  July  28,  1862. 
Melton,  Jas.  M.,  e.  Aug.  14,1862. 
Payne,  H.  R.,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862. 

Pierson,  Geo.,  e.  Aug.  16, 1862,  died  at  Brownsville,  Miss. 
Ramsey,  W.  S.,  e.  July  28,  1862,  trans,  to  Inv.  Corp.  Nov. 

20,  1863. 
Speer,  James,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862. 

Spindler,  Clark,  e.Aug.  15,  1862,  died  at  Ft.  Pillow,  Tenn. 
Tucker,  H.  L.,  e.  Aug.  22,  1862,  died  at  Paducah,  Ky. 
Thomas,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  21,  1862,  disd.  Oct.  28, 1862,  disab. 
Wickersham, ,  e.  Aug.  22,  1862. 

COMPANY    UNKNOWN. 

Boone,  Jesse  P.,  e.  Feb.  1,  1864. 
Sefter,  Wm.  M.,  e.  Feb.  22,  1864. 


FORTY-FOURTH  INFANTRY. 

(One  Hundrfd  Days.) 

This  regiment  was  recruited  as  a  100-day  regiment,  and 
went  into  camp  at  Davenjiort  early  in  the  Spring  of  1864. 
It  did  guard  and  garriscm  duty  at  Memphis  and  La 
Grange,  Tenn.,  during  the  Summer,  and,  on  expiration  of 
the  term  of  service,  returned  to  Davenport,  where  the 
men  were  mustered  out. 

[Note. — Thit  reghmnt  kvk  mtistered  out  at  Davenport, 
Iowa,  Sept.  15,  IHC/,.] 

Company  C. 

Capt.  Cyrus  H.  Shaw,  com.  June  21,  1864. 

First  Lieut.  H.  P.  Williams,  com.  June  21,  1864. 

Sergt.  Wm.  M.  Hubbard,  e.  May  2,  1864. 

Sergt.  Julius  M.  Ransey,  e  May  2,  1864. 

Sergt.  J.  B.  Nicholson,  e.  May  2,  1864. 

Sergt.  J.  V.  Watson,  e.  May  9,  1864. 

Sergt.  F.  T.  Wells,  <•.  May  9, 1864. 

Corp.  James  Hanks,  e.  May  11,  1864. 

Corp.  0.  Crouse,  e.  May  9,  1864. 

Corp.  0.  P.  Stuckslager.  e.  May  4,  1864. 

Corp.  A.  W.  Howard,  e.  M.ay  10,  1864. 

Corp.  H.  M.  Arney,  c   May  28,  1864. 

Corp.  E.  W.  Ileald,  e.  May  19, 1864. 

Corp.  J.  D.  Stauffer,  e.  May  9,  1864. 

Corp.  A.  A.  Thomas,  e.  May  9,  1864. 

Corp.  Tlios.  Hudson,  e.  May  18, 1864. 

Andrews,  F.  M.,  e.  May  2,  1864. 

Adams,  J.  C,  e.  May  17,  1864. 

Beeson,  J.  T.,  e.  Mav  9,  1864. 

Bricker,  David,  e.  May  14,  1864. 

Bollinger,  Alfred,  e.  M:<y  14,  1864. 

Cross,  G.  F.,  e.  May  28,  l.S(;4. 

Crouse,  0.,  e.  May  9.  1864. 

Davis,  E.  T  .  e.  Mav  17,  1864. 

Davis,  Ellwood,  e.  May  15,  1864. 

Dawson,  I.  N.,  e.  May  28,  1864. 

Emery,  L.  P  ,  c.  May  28,  1864. 

Gilkerson,  M.  J.,  e.  May  2, 1864. 

Hedge,  G.  E.,  e.  May  4,  1864. 

Johnson,  L.  F.,  e.  May  2,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


461 


Kersev,  H.  M.,  e.  May  9,  1804. 

Liintes,  Calvin,  e.  May  23,  1864. 

Loomis,  L.  A.,  o.  May  11,  1864. 

McCool,  H.  W.,  e.  May  11, 1864. 

Mapes,  B.  P.,  e.  May  14,  1864. 

Mills,  Lott,  e.  May  4,  1864. 

Puntney.  George,  e.  May  9,  1864. 

Parnell,  N.  W.,  e.  May  16, 1864. 

Steenbarger,  Jos.,  e.  May  28,  1864. 

Swift,  G.  W.,  8.  May  28,  1864 

Sweet,  J.  W.,  e.  May  4,  1864. 

Sweet,  C.  0.  e.  May  18,  1864. 

Smith,  Scott,  e.  May  14,  1864. 

Smith,  J.  v.,  e.  May  17, 1864. 

Uiery,  Stephen,  e.  May  28,  1864. 

Woodward,  M.  L.,  e.  May  S,  1864. 

Wetherly,  W.  A.,  e.  May  9,  1S64. 

Waters,  W.  A.,  e.  May  2,  1864,  died  Aug.  31,  1864,  at  La 

Grange,  Tenn. 
Weed,  F.  F.,  e.  May  4,  1864. 
Whitney,  C,  e.  May  5,  1864. 
Whitehead,  L.  D.,  e.  May  17,  1864. 
Willits.  Milton,  e.  May  11,  1864. 
Wallin,  Manuel,  e.  May  8, 186-;. 


SECOND  CAVALRY. 

The  Second  Iowa  Cavalry  was  mustered  into  service 
Aug.  25tb,  1861.  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  by  Capt.  Chambers, 
Capt.  Elliott,  of  the  Third  United  States  Cavalry,  being 
commissiontid  Colonel  of  the  regiment.  Went  to  Benton 
Barracks,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  December  7,  1861,  where  they 
drew  horses  and  equipments.    On  the  17th  of  February, 

1862,  they  went  to  the  front  at  Bird's  Point,  Mo.  March 
4th,  they  went  to  New  Madrid,  where  they  arrived  on  the 
12th  inst.  After  the  capture  of  Island  No.  10.  they  were 
put  aboard  a  fleet  under  Pope's  command,  went  up  the 
Tennessee  to  Hamburg,  to  assist  in  theinvestment  of  Cor- 
inth. On  the  9th  ot  May,  1862,  at  Farmington,  they 
charged  a  battery  of  eight  guns  supported  by  15,000 
infantry.  May  28,  1862,  started  on  a  raid  to  Boone- 
ville,  Miss.,  and  entered  Corinth  May  iJlst,  and  on  June 
15th  retired  from  the  front  to  Farmington.  On  June  26th 
returned  to  tbe  front  at  Booneville,  where,  with  the  Sec- 
ond Michigan,  they  repulsed  Chalmers,  wlio  charged  upon 
them  with  4,000  men.  Tliey  then  moved  back  to  Rienzl, 
Miss.,  where,  on  the  26th  of  August,  they  repulsed  a 
charge  made  by  Faulkner  witli  2,.5O0  men.  The  regi- 
ment remained  here  until  the  5th  of  September,  when 
they  went  with  Gen.  Kosecrans  to  take  part  in  the 
defeat  and  jiursuit  of  the  rebels  at  luka,  Miss.,  and  thence 
to  the  second  battle  of  Corinth,  October  24th.  Had  en 
gagements  with  the  enemy  at  Coffeeville,  Miss.,  Decern 
ber  5th,  Palo  Alto  April  :»d,  18G3,  Birmingham  April  24. 

1863,  and  Jackson,  Tenn.,  in  July;  at  Grenada  August  17 
at  Collierville,  Noveiubcr  3d,  Moscow  December  4,  1863 
being  engaged  the  rest  of  the  year  in  keeping  the  rebels 
away  from  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railway. 

They  were  mustered  as  veterans  at  Memphis,  Tenn., 
March  28,  1864,  and  recruited  to  1,088  men,  the  veterans 
numbering  360.  They  arrived  at  Davenport  on  veteran 
furlough  April  15,  1864,  and  reassembled  for  duty  May 
15th,  and  left  for  St.  Louis  May  17th,  and  being  supplied 
with  horses,  reached  Memphis  May  29th. 

June  19th,  were  armed  witii  Spencer's  seven-shooting 
carbines,  and  joined  A.  J.  Smith's  forces  for  an  e.xpedi- 
tion  against  Forrest,  then  at  Tupelo,  Miirs.  Encountered 
the  euemy  at  Pontotoc,  pushed  him  back  to  a  strongposi- 
tiou  three  miles  south  of  that  place,  moved  by  the  left 
flank  to  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  and  seized  Tupelo,  his  base 
of  operations.  On  the  14th  of  July,  engaged  in  there- 
pulse  of  four  desperate  charges  made  bj'  Forrest's  troops. 
Met  and  defeated  Forrest  again  on  the  loth  at  Old  Town. 
Reached  Memphis  July  24,  1S64.  where  the  regiment  re- 
mained till  August  2d,  when  they  went  again  in  search  of 
theenemy,whom  they  found  on  the  9th  near  Oxford,  Miss., 
where  they  engaged  in  various  skirmishes  until  abont 
.\ugust  22d.  They  then  returned  in  pursuit  of  Forrest, 
who  had  started  on  his  famous  raid  to  Memphis,  and 
reached  La  Grange  August  28th,  and  White's  Station, 
near  Memphis,  September  5th.  Left  here  September  30th 
for  Middle  Tennessee,  to  confront  Forrest,  who  had 
crossed  the  Tennessee  River  at  Clifton,  and  were  here 
ordered  to  join  Sherman's  army  on  his  famous  march  to 
the  sea,  but  sul'Sequently  were  ordered  to  join  Gen. 
Thomas  in  r>-pelling  Hood's  invasion,  November  1,  1864, 
and  from  that  time  to  the  20th  were  engaged  in  various 
skirmishes  with  Hood's  army,  before  whom  they  retreated 


in  skirmish  line  via  Lawrenceburg,  Campbellville,  Lynn- 
ville,  Columbia  and  Franklin  to  Nashville,  which  point 
was  reached  December  5, 1864.  On  the  15th,  16th  and 
17th,  engaged  in  the  attack  and  defeat  of  Hood's  army  at 
Nashville,  pursued  the  enemy  until  he  crossed  the  Ten- 
nessee River  at  Bainbridge,  tlience  the  regiment  went  to 
Eastport,  Miss.,  where  it  remained  until  Felir\iary  19, 1865, 
when  a  portion  of  it  was  sent  after  the  rebels  at  Tuscum- 
bia,  Bushville  and  Russellville,  Ala.  After  this,  the  regi- 
ment remained  at  Eastport  and  vicinity  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  when  they  were  mustered  out  of  the  service  at 
Selma,  Ala.,  September  19, 1865,  and  were  paid  oft' and  dis- 
banded at  Davenport,  Iowa. 

[Note. —  This  rtgiment  was  mastered  out  at  Selma,  Ala., 
Septeti.ber  10,  186':.] 

Lieut.  Col.Wm.  P.  Hepburn,  com.  capt.  Co.  B  Aug.  14, 
1861,  prmtd.  maj.  Sept.  13,  1861,  prmtd.lieut.  col.  July 
1,  1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  3,  1864,  term  e.xpired. 

Chaplain  Chas.  G.  Truesdell,  com.  Aug.  30, 1861,  resd.  Oct. 
7, 1862,  com.  again  Aug.  20, 1863,  declined. 

Hospital  Steward  Richd.  A.  Carleton,  e.  as  corp.  July  30, 
1861,  pronitd.  hospital  steward  Oct.  1,  1862. 

B.  S.  M.  Jno.  V.  McDuflie,  com.  July  30,  1861. 

B.  V.  S.  Geo.  W.  S.  Michael,  com.  July  30,  1861. 

Company  B. 

Capt.  Thos.  Wilson,  com.  2d  lifut.  Aug.  14,  lb61,  prmtd. 

capt.  Oct.  1,  1861,  resd.  April  14,  1862. 
Capt.  Jno.  L.  Herbert,  e.  as  sorgt.  July  30,  1861,  captd.  at 

Brownsville,   La.,  prmtd.   2d   lieut.  March  18,  1864, 

prmtd.  capt.  Nov.  27,  1864,  wd.  at  Nashville  Dec.  15, 

1864. 
First  Lieut.  Duncan   McGregor,  com.  Q.  M.  Feb.  18,  1862, 

prmtd.  Ist  lieut.  April  15, 1862, resd.  June  18,  1863. 
First  Lieut.  L.  Francis  Stoddard,  e.  as  private  July  30, 

1861,  prmtd.  2d  lieut.  June  19,  1862,  prmtd.  1st  lieut. 
Aug.  14,  1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  3,  1864,  term  expired. 

First  Lieut.  Byron  A.   Beeson,  e.  as  corp.  July  30,  1861, 

prmtd.  1st  lieut.  Nov.  27,  1864. 
Sergt.  H.  V.  Smith,  e.  July  3i).  1861. 
Sergt.  C.  W.  Gibson,  e.  July  30, 1861,  wd.  at  Brownsville, 

Miss.,  and  near  West  Point,  Miss. 
Q.  M.  Sergt.  Wm.  D.  Wells,  e.  July  30, 1861,  died  Aug.  16, 

1862,  at  Rieii/.i,  Miss. 

Sergt.  Jas.  M.  Dennis,  e.  July  30,  1861,  vet.  March  1, 
1864.  disd.  Sept.  27,  1864,  for  promotion  to  capt.  4th 
U.  S.  H.  Art.,  A  D. 

Sergt.  Justus  Canfield,  e.  July  30.  1X61,  trans,  to  7th  U.  8. 
H.  Artillery. 

Sergt.  Isaac  Broek,  e.  July  30,  1861 

Sergt.  IMiles  Brush,  e.  July  30,  1861,  vet.  March  1,  1864, 
disd.  May  24,  1865  disab. 

Corp.  Thos.  Booth,  e.  July  30,  1861,  wd.  at  Brownsville, 
Miss. 

Corp.  Wm.  J.  Deal,  e.  July  30,  1861. 

Corp.  Porter  J.  Webb,  e.  July  30,  1861,  wd.  at  Farming- 
ton,  Miss. 

Corp.  Wm.  E.  Walker,  e.  July  30, 1861,  captd.  at  Farm- 
ington, 51iss. 

Corp.  Wm.  Wallace,  e  July  30, 1861,  captd.  at  Booneville, 
yi iss. 

Bugler  H.  M.  Beeson,  e.  July  30,  1861. 

Bugler  Philip  McDaniel,  e.  July  3o,  1861,  disd.  Aug.  7, 
1862. 

Farrier  Geo.  W.  S.  Michael,  e.  July  30,  1861,  disd.  Nov. 
29,  1862,  disab. 

Saddler  M.  W.  Thompson,  e.  July  3o,  1861. 

Saddler  Daniel  Segar,  e.  July  30,  1861. 

Arney,  John  H.,  e.  July  30,  1861. 

Andrews,  Robt.,  e.  July  30,  1M61,  disd.  Aug.  7,  1662. 

Arney,  A.  W.,  e.  July  30,  1861. 

Brush,  Jno.  B.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  vet.  March  1,  1864. 

Brush,  Jno.  S.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  died  May  5,  1862,  of  wds. 
received  at  Farmington,  Miss. 

Brock,  C.  H.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  wd.  at  Farmington,  Miss., 
disd.  Aug.  4,  1862. 

Bartme,  A.  R.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  vet.  March  1,  1864. 

Burley,  Wm.  F.,  e.  July  30,  1861. 

Bullock,  Wm.  F.,  e.  July  30,1861,  disd.  Oct.  22,  '62,  disab. 

Culver,  Chas.  F.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  captd.  June  1,  1863. 

Craft,  Daniel,  e.  July  30,  1861,  wd.  at  Farmington. 

Day,  JoH.  H.,  e.  Oct.  29,  1864,  wd.  at  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Dinnel.  Milton,  e.  July  30,  1861,  vet.,  March  1,  1864. 

Dennis,  W.  W.,  e.  Sept.  1,  1862,  died  at  Farmington,  Miss. 

Dean,  I.  V.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  died  Jan.  17,  1862. 

Dean,  Josiah  R.  e.  July  30,  1861,  died  Jan.  26,  1862. 
!    Elder,  Jno.  W.,  e.  Jan.  26, 1864. 
I    Elbert,  R.  R.,  e.  Jan.  26,  1864. 


462 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


Forrey,  B.  H.,  e.  July  3(i,  186X. 

Fi'ignson,  H.  F.,  vet",  March  1,  1864. 

Gilkereon,  C,  e.  Julv  :iO,  1861,  vet.  March  1,  1864. 

Hamilton,  0.  M.,  e.  .Ian.  4, 1864,  died  March  13, 1864. 

Havens,  J.  D.,  e.  July  30,  1861,  died  Dec.  29,  1862,  at 

Mound  City,  III. 
Halstead,  L..  vet.,  March  1.  1864. 
Henahaw,  Wm.  A  ,  e.  .luly  30,  1861. 
Hankin.s  John,  e.  Julv  30,  1861. 
Jewell,  Jackson,  c.  Julv  30,  1861,  died  Feb.  8,  1862. 
Loomis,  L.  A.,  e.  Oct.  29,  1864. 
Lacy,  D.  P.,  e.  July  30, 1861,  died  in   Marshall  Co.,  Dec. 

15,  18ti3. 
Leech,  A.  C,  e.  Oct.  26,  1864. 
Large,  W.  A.,  e.  July  30,  1861. 
McCorniick,  Wni.  H.,  e.  .Tan.  27,  1864,  killed  at   Little 

Harpette,  Tenn. 
McKinnon,  L.,  e.  Julv  30, 1861,  wd.  at  Booneville,  Miss. 
Mcintosh,  Hugh.  e.  Oct.  29,  1864. 
Pepper.  L.  H.,  e.  July  30,  1861. 
Price,  Simon,  c.  Aug.  31,  1.S61. 
Buckman,  J.W.,  e.  Nov.  1, 1804. 
Richards,  Jas.  D.,  e.  Julv  30,  1861 . 
Rose,  C.  0.,  e.  Oct.  29,  1864. 
Smith,  Piatt  A.,  e.  Julv  30,  1861. 
Sharp,  T.  M.,  e.  Sept.  15,  1803. 
Thompson,  A.  J.,  e.  Julv  30,  1861. 
"SVheatly,  Jas.  A.,  e.  Aug.  30,  1861,  died  Jan.  8,  1862. 
Weatherby,  D.  E.,  e.  July  30,  1861. 
Wheatly,  Thos.,  e.  Oct.  31,  18U1,  died  Feb.  12,  1862. 

Company  G. 

Alger,  Edwin  J.,  e.  Feb.  22,  1801. 

Company  I. 

Corp.  Isaac  H.  Ford,  e.  Aug.  14,  ISOl,  vet.  March  11,  '64. 
Coate,  Ehvood,  e.  March  2i!,  1864. 
Leech,  Wm  ,  e.  March  28,  1864. 
Moyer,  .Tos.  H.,  e.  March  31,  1864. 
Pearson,  Daniel,  e.  March  26,  1864. 

UNASSIGSEIl. 

Hambleton,  C.  M.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864. 


FIFTH  VETERAN  CAVALRY. 

The  Fifth  Cavalry,  better  known  as  "  Curtis'  Horse," 
was  organized  at  Benton  Barracks,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1861.  It  was  composed  of  various  detachments 
and  companies  from  the  Western  States.  It  did  very  effi- 
cient st-rvice,  the  details  of  which  cannot  here  be  given, 
as  the  regiment  was  constantly  moving,  mostly  by  com- 
panies or  battalions,  scouting,  foraging,  pursiiing  or  har- 
assing the  enemy;  and,  while  not  pirticip;iting  often  as 
a  regiment  in  large  battles,  it  was  constantly  having 
smaller  battles.  The  principal  engagements  participated 
in  were  the  second  battle  of  Fort  Donclson,  where  the 
Fifth  Cavalry  followed  the  retreating  enemy,  charged  and 
routed  them  ;  several  engagements  against  Wheeler's  cav- 
alry at  Wartrace,  Duck  Uiver  Bridge,  Sugar  Creek,  and 
against  Korldy's  cavalry  in  several  minor  engagements. 

The  Fifth  became  veterans  February  4,  and  went  home, 
to  report  at  Davenport  March  5th.  They  returned  to 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  thence  proceeded  on  a  most  active 
campaign,  tearing  up  railroads  and  burning  bridges  in 
the  enemy's  rear,  and  annoying  and  crippling  them  in 
every  possible  way.  Finally,  at  a  place  called  Newnan, 
in  Georgia,  they,  with  the  Kiglith  Indiana,  were  sur- 
rounded by  the  consolidated  cavalry  forces  of  Wheeler, 
Roddy,  Jackson,  Hume  and  Ross,  and  compelled  to  cut 
their  way  out,  every  man  for  himself,  in  which  way  they 
reached  our  lines,  .\fter  this,  with  but  a  handful  of 
men,  the  Fifth  was  assigned  to  Kjlpatrick's  command, 
and  o]ierated  almost  day  and  night  in  the  vicinity  of 
Atlanta;  and,  after  going  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  getting 
fresh  horses,  they  entered  into  another  active  campaign, 
between  Nashville  and  .\thens,  having  several  important 
engagements  with  the  enemy;  and  went  home,  at  the 
end  of  the  war,  with  a  record  of  which  every  man  can 
justly  feel  proud. 

Company  E. 

Hart,  John,  e.  March  14,  1864. 

Company  C. 

First  Lieut.  Andrew  N.  Canfield,  e.  as  sergt.  July  1,  1861, 
prmtd.  to  1st  liout.  Jan.  24,  1865. 


Company  H. 

Fanning,  A.  T.,  e.  March  31,  1864. 
.Jordan,  Daniel,  vet.  Feb.  12,1864. 

Company  I. 

Sergt.  Geo.  P.  Eakins,  e.  July  1,  1801.  vet.  April  11,  1864, 

from  Co.  D,  5th  tnf. 
Sergt.  Jas.  W.  Johnson,  e.  July  1,   1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864, 

from  Co.  D,  5th  Inf. 
Corp.  M.  B.  Cooper,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Feb.  4, 1864,  from 

Co.  D,  5th  Inf. 
Corp.  S.  W.  Hoffman,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864, 

from  Co.  D,  5th  Inf. 
Corp.  A.  Deeter,  e  Oct.  1,1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Corp.  James   Reynolds,  e   July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864, 

from  Co.  D,  5th  Inf.,  wd.  at  Pulaski,  Tenn. 
Corp.  v.  Dancer,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from 

Co.  I),  5th  Inf. 
Barnum,  T.  M.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  vet.  Feb.  8, 1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Bishop,  F.  M..  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Buton,  Lay  ton,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Conner,   Daniel,  e.  Feb.  12,  1862,  disd.  Sept.  22,  '64,  disab. 
Carter,  M.  W.,  e.  July  1,  18G1,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Cornish,  A.  L.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Hooven,  F.  M.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Lewis,  L.  D.  F.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
McNutt,  W.  N.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Niles.  A.  B.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from  Co.  D, 

5th  Inf. 
Phillips,  Amos  B.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864,  from 

Co.  D,  5th  Inf. 
Sipe,  Jacob,  e.  July  1, 1861,  vet.  .Tan.  5,  1864,  from  Co.  D, 

5th  Inf. 
Stallings,  S.  A.,  e.  July  1, 1861,  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864,  from  Co. 

D,  5th  Inf. 
Sipe,  Geo.,  e.  July  1,  1861,  vet.  Feb.   7,  1864,  from  Co.  D, 
5th  Inf. 

Company  L. 

Chamrer,  T.  I.,  e.  March  28, 1S64. 
Chamberlain,  S.  C,  e.  March  8,  1864. 
Chapman,  I.  C,  e.  March  8,  1864. 

UNASSIGNED. 

Wright,  R.  N.,  e.  Oct.  31,  1864. 


EIGHTH  CAVALRY. 

was  mustered  into  service  September  .30,  1863,  and,  before 
being  fully  equipped  with  either  horses  or  arms,  was  or- 
dered to  the  front  to  join  Gen.  Rosocrans  at  Chattanooga. 
The  remainder  of  the  animals  were  procured  as  quickly  as 
possible,  and  on  the  morning  of  Oct.  17,  the  Eighth  left 
Camp  Roberts  for  Louisville,  via  Michigan  City  and  In- 
dianapolis, where  they  arrived  on  the  21st,  and  went  into 
camp  tiear  the  Nashville  railroad  depot.  They  were  soon 
furnished  with  :5helter  tents,  Colt's  army  pistols  and  about 
309  Gallaghor  carbines.  November  4th,  the  regiment 
commenced  its  march  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  it  ar- 
rived on  the  17th,  making  its  first  march  of  20'  miles  in 
less  than  two  weeks.  On  the  1st  of  December,  the  Eighth 
left  Nashville  on  the  line  of  the  N.  &  N.  W.  Railroad. 

After  a  general  scout  through  that  section  of  the  coun- 
try, the  regiment  was  detailed  by  biittalion  to  three  differ- 
ent points,  with  headquarters  at  Waverly,  Tenn. 

The  capturing  or  dispersing  of  guerrillas  was  the  prin- 
cipal duty  of  the  Eighth  Iowa  ('avalry,  but  whenever  oc- 
casion offered,  the  regiment  was  not  larking  in  courage 
or  coolness  ;  and,  in  fact,  did  some  excellent  fighting  on 
several  occasions,  among  which  was  the  engagement  at 
Lost  Mountain,  Lovejoy's  Station  and  at  Newnan.  Start- 
ing from  Red  Clay,and  includingStoneman's  raid  around 
Atlanta,  the  regiment  was  under  fire  every  day  for  more 
than  one  month.  The  regiment  assisted  in  the  pursuit 
of  Wheeler,  and  in  <lriving  Forrest  back  from  his  invasion 
of  Tenne.ssee  in  the  Fall  of  1864.  They  were  next  en- 
gaged in  the  front  nf  rebel  Gen.  Hood,  in  his  advance 
upon  Nashville,  to  which  the  regiment,  with  other  forces, 
fell  back. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


463 


The  regiment  joined  in  the  attack  upon  Hood  at  Nash- 
Tille,  and  in  the  pursuit  of  his  forces  out  of  Tennessee. 
They  then  went  into  quarters  at  Waterloo,  Alabama,  until 
the  15th  of  March,  when  they  joined  the  Wilson  raid 
through  Alabama,  and  were  mustered  out  at  Macon,  Ga. 

Lieut.  Col.  Elliot  Shurtz,  com.  capt.  Co.  I  Sept.  30,  1863 
wd  and  missing  at  Newnan,  Ga.,  July  30,  1864, 
prmtd.  maj.  Nov.  24,  1864,  prmtd.  lieut.  col.  June 
0,  18G5. 

Company  I. 

Capt.  Cloud  H.  Brock,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga.,  com.  capt. 

May  22, 1865,  com.  declined. 
Capt.  Josiah  J.  Cleaver,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  8, 1863,  prmtd. 

1st  lieut.  Feb.  3,  1865,  prmtd.  capt.  July  22, 1865. 
First  Lieut.  Harmon  A.  Jones,  com.  Sept.  30,  1863,  resd. 

Dec.  21,  1864. 
Q.  M.  Sergt.  Thos.  Nichols,  e.  Aug.  22,  1863. 
Sergt.  Lewis  Hunsdon,  e.  Aug.  11,  1863,  died  Aug.  13,  '65. 
Sergt.  F.  M.  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  18,  1863,  wd.  and  captd.  at 

Newnan,  Ga.,  disd.  July  14, 1865,  wds. 
Sergt.  E.  A.  Morrill,  e.  Aug.  12,  1863,  captd.  at  Newnan, 

died  in  Vermont. 
Sergt.  Jas.  S.  Straight,  e.  Aug.  22, 1863, disd.  July  11, 1865, 

disab. 
Sergt.  F.  Ball,  e.  Aug.  18, 1863,  wd.  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 
Sergt.  L.  C.  Terrell,  e.  Aug.  12, 1863. 
Trump.  A.  H.  Hall,  e.  Aug.  21, 1863. 
Trump.  H.  vv  indish,  e.  Aug.  8,  '63,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Farrier  Geo.  W.  S.  Michael,  e.  July  27,  1863,  served  in 

Co.  B,  2d  Cav. 
Farrier  John  Hart,  e.  Aug.  3,  1863. 
Wagoner  G.  S.  Lane,  e.  Aug.  3, 1863. 
Beeson,  Wm.  B.,  e.  Aug.  8,1864,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Beaman,  H.  S.,  e.  Aug.  22, 1863,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Baker,  C.  K.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1863. 
Cawan,  Thos.  M.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1863. 
Cawan,  Richard,  e.  Aug.  13,  1803. 
Crawford,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1863. 
Deeter,  A.,  e.  Aug.  10,  18C3,  kid.  in  Kingston,  Ga. 
Dowlin,  Jno.  R.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1863,  kid.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Davis,  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  10,  1863. 
Evans,  M.  V.   B.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1863,  wd.  near  Waverly, 

Tenn.,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Elliott.  Jared,  e.  Aug.  18,  1863. 
Evans,  N.  H.,  e.  Aug.  18,  1863. 
Farguson,  Richd.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1863. 
Garwood,  C,  e.  Aug.  24, 1863.  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Gaige,  L.  S.,  e.  Aug.  3,  1863,  disd.  July  9, 1865,  disab. 
Hixson,  Geo.  J.,  e.  Aug.  18,  1863. 
Hull,  Samuel  B.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1863. 
Hass,  G.  R.,  e.  July  7,  1863,  wd.  April  5, 1865. 
Hughes,  J.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1863. 
Luke,  John,  e.  Aug.  15,  1863. 
Luke,  Isaiah,  e.  Aug.  22,  1863. 
Moon,  Wm.  A.,  e.  Aug.  S,  1863. 
McCain,  Jas.  M.,  e.  Aug.  22,  1863. 
Noble,  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1864,  wd.  at  I^ranklin,  Tenn. 
Nye,  Jas.  M.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1863,  kid. at  Newnan.  Ga. 
Patterson,  M.  A.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1863. 
Pvle,  John,  e.  Aug.  18,  1863. 
Peete,  Geo.,  e.  Aug.  8, 1863. 
Pegg,  G  ,  e.  Aug.  10,  1863. 
Rickey,  J.  N.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1863. 

Reiber,  Jno.  A.,  e.  Aug.  3,  1863,  disd.  Dec.  8,  1864,  disab. 
Schoolcraft,  D.  M.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1863. 
Schoolcraft,  Herman,  e.  Aug.  15, 1863. 
Stickney,  John,  e.  Aug.  10,  1863,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Sutton,  B.  B.,  e.  Aug.  3,  1863,  captd.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 
Thomas,  T.  B.,  e.  Aug.  18,  1863. 
Thorp,  A.  G.,  e.  Aug.  8, 18ti3. 
Van  Allen,  John,  e.  Aug.  17,  1863. 
Woods,  D.  W.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1863,  wd.  and  captd.  at  Lovejoy 's 

Station,  Ga. 
Wimberly,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1863,  kid.  at  Newnan,  Ga. 

COMPANY   UNKNOWN. 

Nichols,  Wm.  R.,  e.  Nov.  2,  1864. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 
Second  Veteran  Infantry. 

Corp.  A.  H.  M.  Haddock,  e.  June  8,  1861,  vet.  June.  4, 1864, 

m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Floyd,  J.  S.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864,  m  o.  July  12, 1865. 
Mitchell,  J.  M.,  e.  Jan.  5, 1864,  m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Polk,  Jas.  K.,  e.  Jan.  8, 1864,  m.  o.  July  12, 1865. 


Raff,  E.  A.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864,  m.  o.  July  12, 1865. 
Cregan,  John  H.,  e.  March  30,  1864,  m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Dey,  John  B.,  e.  March  30,  1864,  m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Embrie,  Jas.,  e.  March  25,  1864,  m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Peasley,  Wm.  C,  e.  March  30,  1864,  kid.  May  28,  1864,  in 

action. 
Embree,  James,  e.  March  29, 1^64,  ni.  o.  July  12,  1K65. 

Third  Infantry. 

Asst.  Surg.  Ed.  W.  Evans,  cum.  July  23,  '63,  m.  o.  July,  '64. 
Gammel,  Andrew,  e.  Miiy  21,  1861,  vet.  March  30,  1864, 

m.  o.  July,  1864. 
First  Lieut.  Marquis  A.  Hills,  e.  as  sergt.  May  21,  1861, 

prmtd.  2d  lieut.  Oct.  17, 1862,  prmtd.  1st  lieut.  March 

9,  1863,  resd.  May  18,  1864. 
Corp.  Isaiah  Garwood,  e.  May  21,  1861,  m.  o.  July,  1864 
Musician  J.  R.  Lockwoud,  e.  May  21,  1861,  m.  o.  July,  '64. 
Evans,  E.  W.,  e.  May  21, 1861,  m.  o.  July,  1864. 
Ewing,  Jas.  H.,  e.  May  21,  1861,  kid.  at   Shiloh,  April  6, 

1862. 
Hi.x8on,  E.  C,  e.  May  21, 1861,  m.  o.  July  18,  1864. 
Haddock,  A.  H.  M.,  <■.  May  21,  1861,  m.  o.  July,  1864. 
Woodward,  Jas.  M.,  e.  May  21,  1861,  m.  o.  July,  1864. 

Sixth  Infantry. 

Anspach,  Geo.,  e.  April  27,  1864. 
Allen,  A  J.,  e.  June  24,  1861,  m.  o.  July  21,  1865. 
Allen,  M.  V.,  e.  June  24,  1861,  kid.  in  battle  of  Shiloh. 
Thomas,  P.  W.,  e.  Ajril  26,  1864,  m.  o.  July  21,  1865. 
Thomas,  Levi,  e.  April  26, 1864,  m.  u.  July  21,  1865. 

Seventh  Infantry. 

Lewis,  John  A.,  e.  March  29,  1864,  m.  o.  July  12, 1865. 
Lequatt,  Jeremiah,  e.  March  29,  1864,  ni.o.  July  12, 1865. 

Ninth  Infantry. 

Sharp,  Geo.  B.,  e.  Sept.  18,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  m.  o. 

July,  1865. 
Sharp,  Samuel,  e.  Sept.  18, 1861,  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864,  m.  o. 

July,  1865. 


Tenth  Infantry. 


Musician  Warren  Barnhart,  e.  Oct.  9,  1861,  m.  o.  Aug. 

15,  1865. 

Twelfth  Infantry, 

Beal,  H.  F.,  e.  March  3o,  1864,  m.  o.  Jan.  20,  1866. 
Bailey,  Thos.  H.,  e.  March  30,  1864,  m.  o.  Jan.  20,  1866. 
Peers,  John  B.,  e.  March  30,  1864. 

Weaver,  .lohn  N.,  e.  March  29,  1864,  m.  o.  Jan  20,  1866. 
Bell,  L.  B.,  e.  March  30,  1864,  m.  o.  Jan.  20, 1866. 
Butters.  John  F.,  e.  March  26,  1864,  m.  o.  Jan.  20,  1866. 
Hendrick,  Wm.,  e.  March  26,  1864,  m.  o.  Jan.  20,  1866. 
Rutter,  P.  H.,  e.  March  28,  1864,  kid.  July  14,  1864,  in 
battle  at  Tupelo,  Miss. 

Fourteenth  Infantry. 

Holland,  F.  F.,  e.  Oct.  9,  1861,  died  April  1, 1862. 
Woodard,  R.   D.,  e.  Oct.  9,  1861,  disd.  July  8-17,  1862, 

disab. 
Whealen,  Chas.  R.,  e.  Oet.  9, 1861,  died  Jan.  6, 1862. 

Sixteenth  Infantry. 

Col.  Josiah  T,  Herbert,  e.  iis  (juartermaster  sergeant  Oct. 

16,  1861,  prmtd.  adjt.  Nov.  14,  1862,  captd.  at  Atlanta, 
prmtd.  major  May  11,  1865,  prmtd.  lieut.  colonel 
Jan.  27, 1865,  prmtd.  col.  July,  1865,  m.  o.  July  19, 1865. 

Burger,  C,  e.  April  6,  1864,  m.  o.  July  19, 1865. 
Hugge,  Chas.,  e.  April  13,  1864,  m.  o.  July  19,  1865. 
Pooock,  L.  D.,  e,  March  12,  1862,  vet.  March  31,1864,  m. 

o.  July  19,  1865. 
Allen,  Newton,  Jan.  3,  1862,  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864,  m.  o.  July 

19,  1865. 
Crowley,  Timotliy,  e.  Oct.  25,  1861,  vet.  Jan.  4, 1864,  m.  o. 

July  19,  1865. 
Porter,  A.  C,  e.  March  30, 1864,  m.  o.  July  19,  1865. 
Lehah,  John,  e.  Oct.  25,  1861,  m.  o.  July  19,  1865. 
Fowler,  llufus,  e.  Feb.  2,  1864,  m.  o.  July  19,  1865. 
Hamburg,  John,  e.  March  29,  1864,  m.  o.  July  19, 1865. 
Lass,  John,  e.  April  4,  1864,  m.  o.  July  19,  1865. 
Parkhurst,  H.  C,  e.  March  29,  1864,  m.  o.  July  19,  1865. 

Eighteenth  Infantry. 

Damon,  M.  H.,  e.  >larch  31,  1864. 

Herrington,  H.  D.,  e.  March  31,  18r4. 

Joy.  W.  W.,  e.  Jan.  18,  1864,  m.  o.  July  20, 1865. 


lt)4 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


Twenty-fourth  Infantry. 

Crisman,  J.  E.,  e.  March  31,  1864,  m.  o.  July  17,  1865. 
Wilson,  John  L.,  e  Feb.  29,  1864,  m.  o.  July  17,  1865. 
Wilson,  J.  C,  e.  Fph.  29.  18G4.  ni.  o.  July  17,  1865. 
Wilford,  Olivtr.  .-.  March  :U,  ISiU.  m.  n.  July  IV,  1865. 

Twenty-eighth  Infantry. 

A8st.  Surg.  E.  J.  B.  Statler,  com.  Sept.  16, 1862,  resd.  Jan. 

20, 1864. 
Wright,  John  J.,  c  Oct.  2,  18tM,  m  o.  July  31,  1865. 

<  Thirty-first  Infantry. 

Woodbridge.  G..  Dec.  2.  1864,  ni.  o.  June  27,  1865. 

Thirty-fifth  infantry. 

Agst.  Surg.  E.  J.  B.  Statler,  com.  Sept.  1,  1864,  from  surg. 
28th  inf.,  m.  o.  .\ug.  10,  1865. 

Thirty-seventh   Infantry. 

Shyrock,  John,  <-.  Hci.  i1.  istlj,  m.  u.  at  Davenport,  date 
unknown. 

Fortieth  infantry. 

Meredeth,  Benj.,  e.  Jan.  6,  1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  2, 1865. 

Forty-second   III.   Infantry. 

Bell,  Thomas,  e.  .\ug.  4,  1861. 

Forty-eighth    Infantry. 

Bartlett,  Ohas.  H.,  e.  >lay  14,  1864,  ni.  ...  Oct.  21,  1864. 

First  Cavalry. 

Burdan.  F.,  Jan.  4,  1864,  ni.  o.  Feb.  15, 1866. 
Ogden,  A.  F.,  e.  Feb  25,  1864,  m.  o.  Feb.  15, 1866. 

Third  Cavalry. 

Lawson,  John  H.,  vet.  Marcli  29,  1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  9,  1865. 

Fourth  Cavalry. 

B.  V.  S.  John  G.  Jl  cBrooiri,  Sept.  23,  1861,  prmtd.  Jan.  1.5 
1862,  from  private  Co.  E,  m.  o.  Oct.  25,  1862. 

Andrews,  John  M.,  vet  Feb.  29,  1864,  ni.  o.  Aug.  10,  1865. 

Sergt.  H.  W.  Curtis,  e.  Oct.  17, 1861,  vet.  March  31,  1864, 
prmtd.  2d  lieut.,  m.  o.  Aug.  10,  1865. 

Allen,  John  M..  e.  April  16,  1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  10,  1865. 

Brombarger,  E.,  e.  April  16,  1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  10,  1865. 

Stewart,  Amos,  e.  April  16,1864,  m.  o.  Ang.  10, 1865. 


Sixth  Cavalry. 

Q.  M.  S.  John  W.  Anderson,  e.  Dec.  1,  '62,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  '65 
Cross,  D.  C,  e.  Dec.  1    1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Mvers,  Francis,  e.  Oct.  15,  1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Kenover,  Wm.,  e.  Feb.  7,  1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Corp.  F.  B.  Leonard,  e.  Sept.  27,  1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Bishop,  Jesse,  e.  Dec.  6,  1862,  ra.  o.  Oct.  17.  1865. 
Davis,  C.  P.,  e.  Dec.  30,  1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  17, 1865. 
Slate,  I.  J.,  e.  Dec.  8,  1862,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Vest,  George  W.,  e.  Feb.  18,  1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Weatherby,  F.  A.,  e.  Feb.  16,  1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Huglies,  C.  B.,  e.  Feb.  11,  1863,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Ballard,  James  M.,  e.  April  25,  1864,  ni.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865 
Ballard,  William  J.,  e.  April  25,  1864.  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Ballard,  .1.  A.,  e.  April  25,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Ballard,  Reuben,  e.  March  31, 1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Duncan,  E.  J.,  e.  April  25,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Dawson,  M.  M.,  e.  April  30,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Loucks,  John  D.,  e,  March  31,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Marsh,  J.  E  ,  e.  March  31,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Patterson,  Wm.  A.,  e.  March  31, 1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17, 1865. 
Prescott,  S.,  e.  Oct.  31,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Rodman,  James  M.,  e.  March  .30,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Sutton,  P.  M.,  e.  March  31,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1865. 
Sherwood,  William  H.,  e.  Oct.  29,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17, 1865. 
Ulery,  William,  e.  March  24,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17, 1865. 
Wilcox,  Daniel,  e.  March  31,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  17, 1865. 

Seventh  Cavalry. 

Kennedy,  James  II.,  e.  Feb.  24,  1863,  ni.  o.  May  17,  1866. 
Warner,  William,  Nov.  2,  1864. 

Isham,  Benjamin,  e.  March  8,  1S(;4,  m.  o.  May  17,  1866. 
Doty,  N.  B.,  e.  April,  16,  1864,  m.  o.  May  17,  1866. 
Wheeler,  Horace,  e.  Feb.  29,  1864,  m.  o.  May  17,  1866. 

Ninth  Cavalry. 

Brown,  James  W.,  e.  Sept.  22, 1863. 

Kintsley,  Z.  T.,  e.  Sept.  22,  1863. 

Lilly,  David  M.  e.  Oct.  14, 1863,  m.  o.  Marcn  23, 1866. 

Williams,  D.,  e.  Sept.  21, 1863,  in.  o.  March  23,  1866. 

Sperlin,  Samuel,  e.  Nov.  7, 1863,  m.  o.  March  23,  1866. 

U.  S.  Infantry  (Colored'. 

Rice,  Henry,  e.  0^.  31,  1864 

Second  Battery. 

Church,  G.  W.,  e.  March  30,  1864,  m.  o.  Aug.  7,  1865. 
Door,  James,  e.  March  28,  1864,  m.  o.  .Vug.  7,  1865. 

Third  Battery. 

Bronk,  Peter  A.,  March  31,  1864,  m.  o.  Oct.  3,  1865. 


EDUCATIONAL. 

While  the  question  of  how  to  get  a  living  was  the  foremost  one  in  the  minds  of 
the  pioneers,  the  le.ss  direct,  though  none  the  less  important  one  of  how  to  edu- 
cate their  children,  was  not  overlooked.  Almost  cotemporaneous  with  their 
own  dwelling."^,  they  began  the  building  of  such  school  houses  as  they  could, 
crude  and  primitive  in  the  extreme,  for  such  only  would  their  appliances  admit, 
and  ]iut  together  without  regard  to  externals. 

These  same  pioneer  school  houses  will,  in  the  future,  be  a  theme  for  the 
artist — quite  equal  in  every  way  to  those  supplied  by  the  peasantry  in  the  old 
world — with  their  quaint,  simple  fashions  and  unperverfed  lives.  The  eye  of 
the  connoisseur  delights  in  these  realistic  representations  of  still  life — the  white- 
haired  old  grandfather,  wliose  toil  of  years  has  only  brought  him  his  cottage  and 
bit  of  land;  the  still  hard-working  "  gude  wife,"  with  bent  body  and  withered 
but  cheerful  old  face:  the  next  generation  just  in  the  prime  of  labor,  rough, 
uncouth  and  content  to  have  for  recreation  a  pipe  and  a  mug  of  ale ;  and  the 
children,  with  rosy  cheeks  and  stout  limbs,  dressed  in  the  veritable  costumes 
their  grandmothers  wore  before  them.  And  no  wonder  such  a  picture  pleases 
ntl  charms  the  jaded  senses  of  the  worn-out  worldling.  But  even  that  is  not 
more  fresh   and  unaccustomed  than  this  log  shanty,  with  its  one  small  room,  a 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  465 

■window  of  but  few  panes  of  glass,  and  possibly  a  dirt  floor ;  and  with  rough- 
hewn  benches  ranged  round  the  walls  for  seats,  over  which  the  pupil  made 
a  fine  gymnastic  flourish  whenever  he  felt  it  necessary  to  reach  his  teacher, 
with  his^  forefinger  firmly  planted  on  the  knotty  word  or  sum  that  puzzled 
him. 

And  is  it  possible  that  anything  could  be  more  primitive,  even  among  the 
Indians  themselves,  than  the  suits  of  buckskin,  in  which,  we  are  told,  every 
pupil  in  one  of  the  Marshall  County  schools  was  clad  one  Winter.  Buckskin 
for  Winter,  and  bare  feet — despite  the  rattlesnakes — for  Summer  !  These  are 
the  picturesque  features  for  the  artist's  pencil.  And  what  "  learning  "  there  was, 
must  have  been  a  "  dangerous  thing,"  for  it  was  certainly  "  little  ;  "  the  grad- 
ing Avas  far  from  exact ;  the  system  was  a  kind  of  hit-or-miss  affair  ;  but,  never- 
theless, it  was  ''  school,"  and  from  the  first  there  was  a  deeply  rooted  prejudice 
among  the  Iowa  settlers  in  favor  of  schools.  School  for  week-days,  and  a  meet- 
ing house  for  Sunday  !  this  same  little  pen  of  a  house  served  the  two  purposes. 
And  could  anythingexcept  the  groves  themselves — "  God's  first  temples" — be 
nearer  to  nature  as  a  tabernacle  than  was  this,  where  some  chance  circuit 
preacher  would  have  for  his  congregation  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the 
entire  settlement — except  one  very  old  lady  who  was  too  infirm  to  go,  as  was  the 
case  once  in  this  county.  None  of  those  hypercritical  listeners  there,  you  may 
be  sure,  who  gauge  the  preacher  by  his  "intellectuality,"  his  "  magnetism  "  or 
his  "'culture."  It  was  the  Word  preached — welcome,  pure  and  life-giving 
always — and  not  the  preacher,  which  these  listeners  crowded  to  hear.  If  he 
but  had  the  good  Methodist  zeal,  then  he  was  sure  of  devout  hearers.  He  did 
not  need  to  have  "  traveled,"  except  upon  his  lone  circuit  over  the  prairie  ;  nor 
did  he  feel  it  necessary  to  use  his  pulpit  in  the  interests  of  politics — if  he  knew 
his  Bible,  he  was  qualified ;  nor  did  his  flock  feel  called  upon  to  put  their  hands 
into  their  pockets  and  contribute  toward  sending  their  Pastor  on  a  Summer 
vacation  to  the  sea-side  or  to  Europe.  All  these  improvements  have  come  in 
with  better  churches  and  more  advanced  ways  of  thinking.  That  was  the  old 
way,  and  a  direct  contrast  to  the  new. 

Now,  nothing  which  the  architect's  taste  can  devise  is  too  good  for  school 
house  or  for  church.  Look  at  the  plenitude  of  tidy,  commodious  buildings  in 
every  county,  and  not  designed  for  double  service,  either,  but  dedicated  solely 
to  the  use  of  the  school  ma'am,  who  hereabouts  is  thoroughly  skilled  in  her 
profession.  She  has  had,  aside  from  such  education  as  her  means  have  enabled 
ber  to  obtain,  good  practical  drill  in  the  normal  institutes.  She  not  only  knows 
her  text  books,  but  she  knows  how  to  teach.  And  then  the  ingeniously  devised 
school  books,  in  which  every  point  of  information  is  adjusted  to  such  a  nicety 
that  they  are  rather  works  of  art  and  books  of  entertainment  than  but  the  dull 
means  to  a  desired  end. 

The  little  flocks  of  children  who  run  along  the  country  roads  in  their  bare 
feet  and  sun-bonnets,  and  chip  hats,  do  not  have  to  squirm  and  twist  their  uneasy 
legs  all  day  over  a  page  in  the  English  reader  which  they  cannot  understand. 
They  begin  their  morning's  work  with  a  chorus,  which  puts  them  all  in  good 
humor  to  start  with.  Then  they  come  to  time  classes  at  a  tinkle  of  the  bell ; 
they  are  entertained  and  diverted  as  well  as  instructed  at  every  step.  Before 
there  is  any  possibility  of  restlessness,  they  go  through  a  five-minutes  round  of 
calisthenics  which  puts  a  wholesome  quietus  upon  their  muscles  and  their  mis- 
chief. Wise  play  is  so  mixed  with  teaching  that  they  never  really  discover 
which  is  which  until  they  find  them-selves  ready  to  teach  school  themselves  in 
turn. 


46d  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

This  is  the  ease  of  the  present  compared  with  the  labor  of  the  past.  And 
in  this  way  is  the  generality  of  education  secured.  The  ways  are  smoothed, 
the  tediousness  beguiled  and  the  deprivation  supplanted  by  an  affluence  of 
aids. 

In  1854,  Gov.  Grimes,  in  his  inaugural  message,  said  :  •'  The  safety  and 
perpetuity  of  our  Republican  institutions  depend  upon  the  diffusion  of  intelligence 
among  the  masses  of  the  people.  The  statistics  of  the  penitentiaries  and  alms- 
houses throughout  the  country  show  that  education  is  the  best  preventive  of 
crime.  They  show  also  that  the  prevention  of  these  evils  is  much  less  expensive 
than  the  punishment  of  the  one  and  the  relief  of  the  other." 

So,  with  all  our  new,  fangled  methods,  our  ornamental,  well-ventilated  and 
well-furnisiied  school  houses,  our  accomplished  instructors  with  modern  notions, 
we  are  not  extravagant.  We  are  simply  taking  from  the  expenses  of  crime  and 
pauperism  and  putting  it  into  enduring  and  beautiful  shape.  We  are  helping 
to  sustain  the  government  by  rearing  up  in  every  town  and  in  every  country 
neighborhood  a  generation  of  enlightened  and  intelligent  people,  cosmopolitan 
in  the  sense  of  schools,  if  not  in  that  wider  cosmopolitanism  which  comes 
alone  from  actual  contact  with  the  great  world. 

Abstract  of  the  County  Superintendents  last  annual  report,  being  for  the 
year  1877: 

Number  of  district  townships 12 

Numbei"  of  independent  districts 53 

Number  of  sub-districts 87 

Number  of  ungraded  schools 135 

Number  of  graded  schools 6 

Average  number  of  months  taught 7.20 

Number  of  male  teachers  employed 122 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 140 

Average  compensation  per  month,  males $42  91 

Average  compensation  per  month,  females 33  86 

Number  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21  years  in  the  county  : 

Males 4,022 

Females 3,677 

Total  number  enrolled  in  county 5,625 

Average  cost  of  tuition  per  month  for  each  pupil |1  83 

Number  of  frame  school  houses 128- 

Number  of  brick  school  houses 15 

Number  of  stone  school  houses 

Value  of  school  houses $1,301  85 

Value  of  apparatus 25  31 

Number  of  volumes  in  libraries 62 

Total  amount  of  money  received  from  all  sources  for  school  purposes  ...$23,773  19 


MARSHALLTOWN. 

The  pride  of  Marshall  County  centers  in  its  county  seat  and  business  metrop- 
olis. The  prevailing  sentiment  is  that  of  progress.  Men  of  energy  control 
the  interests  of  the  city,  and  bend  all  their  faculties  to  the  purposes  of  improv- 
ing the  institutions  already  founded,  and  of  developing  the  resources  which,  as 
yet,  have  but  fairly  begun  to  be  considered. 

Marshalltown  is  in  its  infancy,  estimating  the  age  of  the  city  by  the  natural 
endurance  of  towns  founded  upon  as  substantial  a  basis  as  this.  The  men  who 
surveyed  the  wild  lands,  and  struck  the  first  blows  in  the  name  of  civilization, 
still  dwell  within  the  limits  or  occupy  homesteads  adjoining  the  city  which  their 
enterprise  has  created.  Not  even  one  generation  has  passed  away  since  the 
initial  stake  was  driven  into  the  virgin  soil.      The  marvelous  growth  of  towa 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUxNTV.  46T 

and  county  since  the  beginning  of  the  second  half  of  the  century,  tends  to  pro- 
duce an  erroneous  impression  in  the  minds  of  observers,  and  invests  the  place 
with  fictitious  agedness.  The  serious  contemplation  of  facts  alone  is  capable  of 
removing  the  false  sense  of  time  thus  engendered,  and  exhibiting,  in  all  its  real 
magnitude,  the  advancement  actually  made. 

In  appearance,  the  city  of  Marshalltown  resembles  many  an  eastern  locality 
whose  origin  dates  far  back  into  the  past,  and  around  which  cluster  memories  of 
generations  gone.  It  is  difficult  for  those  who  are  accustomed  to  regard  a  town 
of  the  dimensions  of  this  as  aged,  to  accept  the  veracity  of  these  records. 
There  is  none  of  the  atmosphere  of  newness  about  Marshalltown  which  marks 
the  majority  of  Western  places ;  but  there  is  a  more  stable  air,  such  as  is 
breathed  in  with  every  inspiration  drawn  in  the  streets  of  a  New  York  or  New 
England  city.  The  smell  of  freshly  cut  pine,  or  the  appearance  of  newly 
turned  sod,  which  characterizes  the  greater  number  of  Iowa  business  centers,  is 
here  noticeable  for  its  conspicuous  absence.  Yet,  there  is  none  of  the  sleepi- 
ness of  the  Eastern  prototypes  of  Marshalltown.  Where  the  similarity  ceases, 
the  line  of  demarkation  is  distinctly  drawn.  There  are  some  towns  in  the  East 
which  hold  their  own  with  the  western  cities,  but  such  are  noted  for  many  miles 
about,  and  are  the  cynosure  of  neighboring  eyes.  In  the  ambitious  and  grow- 
ing West,  the  success  of  a  town  is  the  rule,  rather  than  the  exception,  and 
therefore  creates  less  agitation  or  comment.  Still,  there  is  a  frank  recognition 
of  prosperity  on  all  sides,  when  such  honor  is  merited ;  and  that  deference  is 
paid  to  Marshalltown  with  almost  unanimous  accord.  It  is  in  poor  taste  to 
praise  one  place  at  the  expense  of  others,  we  know ;  but  such  a  genuine  senti- 
ment of  satisfaction  with  the  town  has  seized  upon  us,  through  no  volition  of 
our  own,  during  our  somewhat  prolonged  stay  here,  that  we  are  forced  to  accord 
to  Marshalltown  the  palm  as  a  delightful  place  of  residence,  as  well  as  a  point 
of  undoubted  business  prosperity  in  the  future.  And  this  opinion  is  formed 
after  a  pretty  general  acquaintance  in  the  State. 

The  geographical  location  of  Marshalltown  is  admirable.  The  elevation  of 
the  land  upon  which  it  stands  is  sufficient  to  afford  pure  air,  thorough  ventila- 
tion and  freedom  from  malaria.  There  are  no  stagnant  waters  in  the  vicinity. 
Healthfulness  and  beauty  are  characteristics  of  the  natural  site,  and  if  they  are 
not  fully  realized,  it  is  man's  fault  alone. 

The  first  location  was  made  under  the  pre-emption  law,  in  May,  1851,  by 
Henry  Anson.  The  season  was  noted  for  the  remarkably  high  water.  Mr.  Anson 
built  his  pre-emption  cabin  on  what  is  now  Main  street,  near  First  avenue, 
May  25th  of  that  year,  and  remained  here  about  one  month.  He  then  went  to 
Dubuque  and  filed  his  papers. 

The  cabin  thus  erected  was  the  joint  work  of  Isaac  Myers  and  William 
Asher,  who  assisted  Mr.  Anson  in  the  labor  of  making  his  claim.  When  the 
first  log  house  was  put  up,  the  region  for  several  miles  about  was  an  unbroken 
prairie,  dotted  with  beautiful  groves  and  watered  by  running  streams. 

Mr.  Anson  came  to  this  county  on  horseback,  for  the  swollen  condition  of 
the  streams  and  sloughs  prevented  the  passage  of  wagons. 

At  the  time  of  his  coming  to  Marshall  County,  Mr.  Anson  had  for 
"neighbors,"  that  is,  within  a  radius  of  several  miles,  the  pioneers  on  Linn 
and  Timber  Creeks,  and  those  who  had  gone  north  of  Linn  to  the  Minerva 
Creek  settlement.     He  was  at  no  loss  for  elbow  room. 

During  his  travels,  Mr.  Anson  had  seen  the  beautiful  town  of  Marshall, 
Michigan,  and  such  pleasant  recollections  clung  to  him  of  his  sojourn  in  the 
valley  of  the  Kalamazoo  that  he  determined  to  name  this  region  Marshall,  in 


468  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

honor  thereof.  The  resemblance  between  these  localities  was,  and  still  is,  very 
striking.  The  appropriateness  of  the  name  will  be  admitted,  since  the  county 
had  already  been  designated  Marshall. 

Mr.  Anson  had  left  his  relatives  in  Bureau  County,  Illinois,  when  he  started 
out  on  a  prospecting  tour,  and  thither  he  repaired  when  his  pre-emption  was 
effected. 

William  Kails  had  made  a  squatter's  claim  on  the  lands  immediately  north 
of  Anson's  site,  and  it  was  the  latter's  desire  to  induce  his  brothers-in-law,  John 
A.  Kelley  and  Wells  S.  Rice,  to  locate  thereon,  or  near  him.  To  that  end,  Mr. 
Anson  made  the  trip  to  Illinois,  as  before  stated,  during  the  Winter  of  1851-52. 
The  mission  was  successful,  but  Mr.  Anson  had  to  return  before  the  others  were 
ready  to  start.  He  was  in  hopes  of  finding  the  Mississippi  in  a  passable  con- 
dition, but  was  disappointed  in  that  calculation,  and  did  not  effect  a  crossing 
until  he  reached  Ncav  Buffalo.  This  long  journey  on  horseback  consumed  so 
much  time  that  he  did  not  reach  his  cabin  in  MarsPiall  until  in  the  Spring.  The 
very  day  he  reached  his  destination  he  was  joyfully  surprised  to  see  his  two 
brothers-in-law  drive  up  to  the  cabin.  The  meeting  was  one  which  can  better 
be  imagined  than  described. 

Anson  purchased  Ralls'  claim  for  $400,  or  thereabouts,  and  transferred  it  to 
Kelley.  The  latter  did  not  find  the  outlook  so  pleasing  as  he  imagined,  and  in 
the  Winter  of  1852,  sold  his  claim  to  John  Childs.  Mr.  K.  returned  to  Illi- 
nois the  following  Spring. 

Mrs.  Anson's  family  was  the  first  to  locate  on  the  site  of  Marshall.  Henry, 
Elizabeth  R.,  Horace,  Almira  (now  Mrs.  William  Walters),  and  Emily  (now 
Mrs.  Haviland),  constituted  the  pioneer  band.  The  settlement  was  made  in 
the  Spring  of  1852. 

The  family  mansion  was  built  of  logs  and  stood  just  east  of  the  town  plat, 
but  was  afterward  removed  to  the  west  side  of  Center  street,  south  of  where  the 
City  Bank  block  now  stands,  in  1853. 

There  was  need  of  a  store  in  such  a  thriving  little  town,  and,  although  the 
village  existed  only  in  the  mind  of  Mr.  Anson,  Mr.  Rice  put  up  a  grout  build- 
ing and  prepared  to  open  a  store.  The  edifice  was  not  much  of  a  palace,  but  it 
was  good  enough  for  the  times,  and  stood  where  the  Willard  House  now  stands, 
next  door  east  of  the  Boardman  House. 

In  the  Fall  of  1852,  the  third  stock  of  goods  ever  purchased  for  the  Mar- 
shall market  was  bought  in  St.  Louis,  by  Mr.  Rice,  and  landed  at  Keokuk. 
The  water  was  so  high  that  the  stock  could  not  be  shipped  overland  at  once,  and 
in  the  Winter  of  1852-53,  Mr.  Anson  hauled  the  goods,  via  Oskaloosa,  to  their 
destination. 

There  was  a  hogshead  of  sugar  that  proved  too  much  for  the  team,  and  it 
was  dumped  off  some  distance  from  the  store,  by  the  side  of  the  road.  The 
country  was  so  honest  in  those  days,  that  no  trouble  was  experienced  from 
thieves,  and  there  the  sugar  remained  until  it  was  gradually  taken  to  the  store, 
as  occasion  required. 

The  first  birth  occurred  before  the  town  was  surveyed.  Adrian  C.  Anson, 
son  of  Henry  Anson,  was  born  April  17,  1852. 

The  first  death  occurred  Aug.  10,  1853,  the  deceased  being  a  daughter  of 
Silas  Chorn. 

The  first  weddings  were  Miles  Rice  to  Miss  E.  Anson,  and  Horace  Anson 
to  Miss  E.  Smith,  both  being  solemnized  at  once. 

The  village  of  Marshall  was  surveyed  on  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  north- 
east quarter  and  northeast  quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  35,  and 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  469 

southeast  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  and  southwest  quarter  of  the  south- 
east quarter  of  Section  26,  Town  84  north,  Range  18  west.  This*  was  the 
Anson  claim,  which  lays  south  of  the  present  Main  street,  and  the  John  Childs 
daim.  which  adjoins  it  on  the  north. 

There  have  been  numerous  additions  to  the  village  and  city  plat  from  time 
to  time,  but  all  these  are  matters  of  plain  record  and  need  not  be  specially 
referred  to  here. 

The  survey  was  made  in  August,  1853,  and  was  recorded  on  the  15th  of 
that  month. 

Mr.  Childs  traded  and  sold  his  entire  interest  to  Reuben  H.  Webster  soon 
after  the  survey. 

Mr.  Childs  had  put  up  a  log  cabin  in  the  edge  of  the  timber,  on  his  prop- 
erty, and  after  the  village  was  laid  out,  he  moved  the  building  to  the  north  side 
of  Main  street.  He  lived  in  it  while  the  first  frame  house  was  in  process  of 
construction,  in  the  Summer  and  Fall  of  1853. 

Mr.  Anson  bought  this  house  before  it  was  completed,  and  finished  it  for 
his  own  residence.  It  was  in  this  building  that  the  first  regular  window  sash 
in  town  was  placed.  The  building  still  stands  and  is  used  by  Mr.  Lacey  as  a 
grocery  store. 

The  first  school  in  the  vicinity  was  taught  by  Neri  Hoxie,  in  a  log  building 
just  west  of  the  town  site,  in  the  Winter  of  1853-4. 

The  first  ministers  were  Solomon  Dunton,  the  pioneer  missionary,  whose 
name  figures  so  conspicuously  in  the  annals  of  this  county,  and  Mr.  Armstrong. 
The  former  came  to  this  region  when  there  was  no  Marslialltown. 

The  first  year  of  the  existence  of  the  village  was  such  a  one  as  almost 
every  new  town  experiences,  and  was  marked  by  a  healthy  development, 
although  by  no  special  incidents  of  an  important  character. 

In  1854,  Greenleaf  M.  Woodbury  chose  Marshall  as  his  future  home.  The 
presence  of  a  man  of  his  power  and  vigor  of  character  was  at  once  felt.  He 
inaugurated  measures  of  permanent  value,  and  at  that  early  day  exerted  a  wide 
influence  upon  the  susceptible  community. 

The  little  hamlet  recognized  the  leadership  thus  quietly  assumed  by  Mr. 
W^oodbury,  and  when  within  a  year  he  set  in  motion  his  mill  upon  the  river, 
north  of  the  town,  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  governing  spirits  of  the 
place.  Throughout  his  residence  in  Marshall  County,  Mr.  Woodbury  worked 
for  the  advancement  of  the  region,  and  his  name  is  connected  with  railroad 
enterprises,  schools  and  other  public  interests  in  a  manner  equal,  if  not  supe- 
rior, to  that  of  any  citizen.  This  passing  tribute  is  paid  here,  but  a  more  fitting 
mention  of  his  deeds  is  recorded  in  almost  every  event  of  moment  which  is 
elaborated  within  the  covers  of  this  volume. 

The  first  hotel  was  opened  by  L.  D.  Anson,  who  named  his  place  of  enter- 
tainment the  Marshall  House,  in  1854-5. 

Dr.  Bissell  was  the  first  physician. 

In  1854,  the  agitation  over  the  county  seat  question  kept  Marshall  in  a 
state  of  turmoil.  This  subject  is  exhaustively  treated  in  a  special  chapter,  and 
need  not  be  duplicated  in  this  sketch. 

The  name  of  Marshall  became  a  confusing  one,  as  there  was  a  post  office 
-elsewhere  in  the  State  bearing  a  similar  title.  The  people,  therefore,  changed 
-the  name  of  the  place  to  that  of 

MARSHALLTOWN. 

The  first  post  office  was  established  in  1854,  with  Wells  S.  Rice,  as  Postmaster. 


470  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

In  1856,  George  Glick  came  to  Marshalltown  and  associated  with  E.  Willi- 
grod  in  business,  occupying  the  frame  building  on  the  corner  of  Main  and 
First  streets.  In  1856,"^  Mr.  Glick  succeeded  Mr.  Rice  as  Postmaster.  Dur- 
ing the  years  of  his  incumbency  until  1860,  the  mail  service  was  primitive 
enough.  The  only  means  of  carrying  it  was  by  team,  and  during  high-water 
season  the  pouches  were  frequently  soaked  through. 

The  office  of  Postmaster  has  since  then  been  held  by  H.  D.  Ranney,  M. 
Rosenbaum,  E.  N.  Chapin,  J.  E.  Page,  Elliot  Shurtz,  and  again  by  E.  N. 
Chapin,  who  is  the  present  incumbent. 

The  first  painter  in  Marshalltown  was  Daniel  Kelley,  and  of  him  Mr.  Glick 
relates  the  following  incident  which  is  illustrative  of  the  feeling  which  pervaded 
the  town  at  that  time.  Kelley  noticed  that  there  was  a  change  in  the  old  firm 
by  the  entrance  of  Mr.  Glick  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Willigrod.  The  firm 
advertised  their  business  by  a  sign  placed  across  the  sidewalk,  from  a  post  in 
front  of  the  building.  A  day  or  two  after  the  advent  of  Glick,  Kelley  came 
up  with  a  ladder  and  paint-pot  and  quietly  erased  the  name  of  the  former  part- 
ner without  saying  a  word  to  the  members  of  the  firm.  The  next  day  he  came 
again  and  painted  the  word  ''Glick  "  where  it  belonged  on  the  sign.  While  he 
was  thus  engaged,  the  gentleman  whose  name  he  was  taking  such  freedom  with 
accosted  him  and  said:  "Kelley,  who  told  you  to  do  that?"  "No  one," 
responded  the  painter.  "Well,  you  may  never  get  your  pay  for  the  work."' 
said  Mr.  G.  "I  don't  care  about  that,"  answered  the  painter,  "but  while  I 
stay  here  I  propose  to  have  the  signs  right." 

E.  C.  Holcomb  was  the  first  tinsmith. 

Those  were  social  days.  A  dance  was  quietly  gotten  up,  and  Smith,  the 
village  fiddler,  was  often  called  upon  to  help  the  night  through.  Ladies  dressed 
in  calico  and  men  in  corresponding  garb,  but  all  were  happy  and  contented,  if 
we  may  judge  by  the  stories  told  us  now.  The  little  parties  used  to  last  until 
eleven  o'clock  in  the  evening,  and  the  participants  were  never  weary  from 
fasliionable  dissipation. 

The  Postmaster  might  drive  dull  care  away  by  getting  up  a  foot-race,  now 
and  then,  with  some  fleet  young  Indian  ;  and  if  he  did,  no  one  seemed  shocked, 
but  all  turned  out  and  watched  the  sport. 

In  1856,  there  were  but  821  families  in  the  entire  county,  with  2,411  male, 
and  2,040  female  residents,  and  social  lines  were  not  drawn  as  strictly  as  they 
are  now. 

In  1858,  the  first  newspaper  was  published  in  the  village,  and  from  the  first 
issue  we  have  made  a  compilation  of  items,  as  reminders  of  the  past. 

In  Vol.  I,  No.  1,  of  the  Marshall  County  Times,  dated  Oct.  14,  1858,  we 
find  the  following  announcement  in  the  local  column :  "The  first  agricultural 
fair  ever  held  in  this  county,  commences  in  this  town  to-day,  and  lasts  for  three 
days,"  and  then  it  goes  on  to  urge  the  farmers  and  mechanics  to  do  credit  to 
themselves  by  an  appropriate  display  in  their  respective  lines  of  business.  It 
proceeds  further  to  say,  that  "election  has  just  passed  off  at  this  place,  with  con- 
siderable excitement  over  the  township  ticket,"  with  the  following  result : 
Trustees,  W.  H.  Bibb,  39  majority  ;  Alonzo  Butler,  38  majority  ;  Joseph  H. 
Smith,  25  majoi'ity.  Assessor,  R.  A.  Taylor,  45  majority.  Town  Clerk, 
H.  D.  Ranney^  68  majority.  Justices,  N.  F.  Yearaans,  61  majority  ;  H.  H. 
Nash,  46  majority.  Supervisors,  District  No.  1,  S.  Brooks,  18  majority;  No. 
2,  Samuel  Dwight,  1  majority  ;  No.  3,  L.  Pierson,  9  majority.  From  election 
it  moves  to  the  first  hard  frost  of  the  season,  Oct.  6,  which  had  eftectually  kdled 
vegetation,  without,  however,   much   injuring  the  corn.     From   frost  to   sugar 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  471 

cane,  and  we  are  told  that  a  large  amount  has  been  raised  in  the  county  the 
past  season,  and  that  Henry  Anson,  Esq.,  has  a  number  of  acres  of  fine  quality. 
Moreover,  he  is  having  a  crushing  mill  made  at  the  foundry  of  Chester  Heald, 
"and  it  is  expected  that  sugar-making  will  go  off  by  steam  in  a  few  days." 

Further  on,  we  learn  that  the  citizens  of  the  village  of  La  Fayette  have 
changed  the  name  of  their  town  to  Albion,  a  change  every  way  for  the  better, 
since  the  town  has  heretofore  been  called  by  one  name,  and  the  post  office  bv 
another,  which  has  been  the  cause  of  a  good  deal  of  confusion. 

In  an  editorial,  we  are  told  that  at  last  "the  monster  feat  is  accomplished  ! 
We  are  tied — the  New  World — to  sweet  auld  Ireland  by  a  rope  of  metal.  The 
electric  currents  have  danced  over  the  wires  in  the  dark  depths  of  the  ocean, 
and  man  has  sent  his  thought  a  voyager  from  continent  to  continent.  Wild  was 
the  joy  through  the  land,  when  rulers  of  the  two  great  nations  of  the  earth  ex- 
changed their  congratulations  over  the  successful  accomplishment  of  the  bold 
experiment.  A  few  more  messages  came,  and  then  it  was  silent ;  no  more  the 
railway  of  thought,  but  a  mere  useless  rope  cumbering  the  bottom  of  the  ocean. 
W^e  know  not  the  difficulty,  whether  it  can  be  remedied  or  not.  We  hope  for  the 
best,  though  we  hear  gloomy  rumors  of  breakings  and  partings  in  mid-ocean." 
That  grave  fear  was  very  speedily  dispelled,  and  one  smiles  now  to  remember 
how  short  a  time  ago  one  of  our  most  fixed  and  indisputable  agencies,  was  but 
a  vague  uncertain  experiment. 

Then  comes  a  congratulation  of  the  improvements  going  on  in  the  town. 
Many  buildings  are  going  up  of  a  tasteful  and  substantial  character.  Among 
them  are  the  new  residences  of  H.  C.  Henderson,  Esq.,  and  J.  M.  Sherwood, 
Esq.,  Dr.  Statler  and  H.  Dargitz,  which  "will  be  ornaments  to  the  place,  and 
monuments  to  the  good  sense  and  taste  of  the  gentlemen  above  named."  Then 
we  are  informed  that  an  independent  military  company  has  been  lately  formed 
which  is  called  the  "Bowen  Guards,"  in  honor  of  Gen.  Bowen,  of  Iowa  City. 
"The  company  numbers  some  forty-five  men,  and  they  make  a  fine  appearance 
as  we  have  seen  them  on  drill  in  the  Court  House."  And,  as  the  editor  is  one 
of  the  number,  he  infers  that  "in  the  course  of  a  few  weeks,  said  company  will 
be  able  to  do  some  pretty  tall  fighting  if  it  should  be  necessary,  and  they 
could nt  run.''  Then  the  organization  of  a  lodge  of  Good  Templars  is  alluded 
to,  which  has  "a  respectable  number  of  members." 

From  temperance  the  editor  launches  out  into  astronomy,  with  the  following  : 
"This  strange  visitor  (the  comet)  from  the  unfathomed  void  of  the  universe,  is 
yet  with  us,  and  we  have  grown  so  familiar  with  his  cometship  as  to  think  he  is 
no  great  shakes  after  all — all  shine,  shimmer  and  gas — not  half  so  good  a  world 
to  live  in,  or  raise  corn  on  as  this  much-abused  but  solid  old  earth  !  As  to 
what  a  comet  is,  the  knowing  ones  appear  wonderfully  to  disagree,  and  as  every- 
one appears  to  be  guessing  about  it,  we  being  something  of  a  Yankee,  will  guess 
too.  From  all  the  information  we  can  get,  we  come  to  the  following  guess  : 
That  the  period  of  this  comet  in  its  orbit  is  about  300  years.  That  its  first 
appearance  in  the  heavens  of  which  we  have  any  account,  was  in  the  tenth 
century  of  the  Christian  era,  the  next  in  the  thirteenth,  the  next  in  the  sixteenth, 
and  its  appearance  at  the  present  in  the  nineteeth  century.  By  some  its  period 
is  supposed  to  be  thirty  years  only,  and  that  we  may  look  for  its  reappearance 
in  1889  or  1890.  There  is  one  thing  pretty  certain,  that  the  most  learned  as- 
tronomers know  but  little  about  these  wandering  gentry,  or  what  purpose  they 
fill  in  the  machinery  of  the  universe.  We  hope,  however,  that  they  will  steer 
clear  of  this  little  earth  of  ours,  for,  notwithstanding  the  assertion  of  savants  to 
the  contrary,  we  fear  the  result  of  such  a  collision  would  be  serious." 


472  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  comet  disposed  of,  we  take  a  sip  at  the  leader,  which  outlines  the  future 
policy  of  the  paper,  and  find  that  it  intends  to  be  "zealous  and  firm  without 
fanaticism;  determined,  but  not  revolutionary,"  in  its  support  of  the  Repub- 
lican party;  that,  "believing  the  welfare  of  the  whole  community  depends  upon 
the  success  and  prosperity  of  the  farmer,"  each  week  Avill  have  a  portion  of  the 
paper  devoted  to  agricultural  interests.  Turning  to  that  column,  we  are  con- 
founded with  the  assertion  that  women  should  learn  to  milk,  and  with  some 
rules  as  to  farm  work  in  October. 

From  the  news  and  editorial  matter  we  turn  to  the  advertising  columns,  and 
find  the  name  of  "Henry  C.  Henderson,  Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law" 
heading  the  first  column,  and  following  close  upon  that,  a  "professional  notice" 
by  Dr.  Statler  and  Dr.  Taylor,  tendering  their  medical  services  to  the  residents 
of  Marshalltown.  A  few  Iowa  City  advertisements  intervene,  and  then  comes 
the  card  of  "Timothy  Brown,  Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Law.  Real  Estate 
Agent,  Taxes  paid,  Abstracts  furnished,  and  Foreign  Collections  attended  to 
promptly.  La  Fayette,  M.arshall  County,  Iowa."  Directly  under  this  is  a 
similar  card  from  Thomas  J.  Wilson,  also  of  La  Fayette.  William  P.  Hep- 
burn's name,  with  the  same  announcement,  folloAVS,  but  he  is  located  at  Mar- 
shall. After  ''Wm.  Bremner,  County  Surveyor  for  Marshall  County,"  Iowa 
City,  Muscatine,  Davenport  and  Rock  Island  notices  fill  the  column,  until  at 
the  very  end  we  find  two  lines,  "Hardware  and  Queensware  of  every  kind  and 
quality  at  Willigrod's."  On  the  next  page  we  are  confronted  the  first  thing 
with  "For  Sale — A  house  and  lot,  very  cheap.  Enquire  of  E.  Willigrod."' 
Then  six  Sheriff's  sales;  and  heading  the  third  page  we  find  "Drugs  and  Med- 
icines, George  Glick."  Underneath  is  the  dissolution  notice  of  the  partner- 
ship between  Glick  and  Willigrod.  Further  on  is  a  "Take  Notice"  that  all 
persons  indebted  to  the  above  firm  are  requested  "to  come  to  the  scratch  and 
save  costs."  Cooper  &  White,  of  La  Fayette,  head  their  dry  goods  advertise- 
ment with  a  display  announcement  of  "The  High  School  Located  at  La  Fay- 
ette!" This  is  twice  repeated  in  the  same  issue,  as,  indeed,  are  all  of  the  other 
advertisements,  the  fourth  page  being  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  third,  with  the 
exception  of  the  reading  matter. 

There  are  two  notices  to  the  "  Stockholders  of  the  Marshall  County  High 
School  Company,"  E.  H.  Cliapin,  President;  Thomas  J.  Wilson,  Secretary; 
one  to  those  who  have  taken  stock  in  it  "payable  in  material  or  labor,"  who 
are  called  upon  to  come  forward  and  make  some  arrangement  in  regard  to  the 
kind  of  material  they  desire  to  furnish,  or  the  manner  of  work  they  are  ready 
to  perform.  The  second  is  to  the  same  stockholders,  who  are  notified  that 
"the  Board  of  Directors  have  this  day  levied  a  second  installment  of  twenty- 
five  per  cent.,  the  same  to  be  collected  within  sixty  days."  Then  P.  C.  Hol- 
corab  has  a  large  cut  of  a  cooking  stove,  and  follows  it  with  a  schedule  of 
"eave  troughs,  conductors,  spouting,  sink  lining,  copper  wash-boilers,  skimmers, 
riddles,  pans,  tea-kettles,  })ails,  tops  for  chimneys,  stove-pipes,  tubes,  etc." 
And  H.  C.  Knapp,  of  La  Fayette,  states  that  he  will  sell  groceries  lower  than 
can  be  found  anywhere  else.  And  further  on,  J.  Fisher  gives  a  half  column  to 
his  "Ready-Pay  Store,"  where  all  kinds  of  produce  will  be  taken  in  exchange. 
And  lastly,  H.  H.  Seymour,  under  the  head  of  "Lost,"  describes  a  promissory 
note  "executed  in  February  last,  by  Jotham  Keyes  and  George  W.  Voris 
to  Emory  Truesdell.  There  was  $101  due  on  said  note  when  it  was 
lost,"  and  all  persons  are  forbidden  to  purchase  said  note,  as  he  has  never 
sold  it. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  473^ 


CHURCHES. 

The  religious  history  of  Marshalltown  forms  an  interesting  part  of  the 
record,  not  only  of  the  development  of  the  place,  but  of  the  county  as  well,  for 
the  influence  of  the  various  societies  was  far-reaching.  The  introduction  of  the 
refining  and  civilizing  element  of  regular  Avorship  is  one  of  the  most  conspicu- 
ous eras  in  the  annals  of  a  county. 

We  place  the  several  societies  in  their  chronological  order. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — This  society  was  first  organized  as  the 
Marshalltown  Mission.  In  1851,  Rev.  S.  Dunton,  familiarly  known  as 
"Father  Dunton,  "  then  of  Iowa  City,  being  aware  of  the  needs  of  Central 
Iowa  for  missionary  work,  determined  to  undertake  the  founding  of  a  mission 
here.  Father  Dunton  acted  under  the  Rev.  Decimus  Young,  Presiding  Elder 
of  the  Iowa  City  District,  Iowa  Conference,  three  years  before  the  organization 
of  the  Upper  Iowa  Conference.  Late  one  night,  in  1852,  he  reached  a  cabin 
on  Linn  Creek,  occupied  by  Mr.  Ralls,  chilled  and  hungry  from  his  long  ride 
on  horseback,  for  that  was  the  only  means  of  locomotion  in  the  "saddle-bag 
period."  After  enjoying  the  hospitality  of  Mr.  Ralls,  he  made  an  attempt  to 
go  onward  to  Marietta,  but  after  traveling,  perhaps  twenty  miles,  and  trying  to 
cross  the  creek,  the  high  water  having  swung  the  only  bridge  from  its  position, 
he  was  obliged  to  return  to  Iowa  City  and  wait  a  more  favorable  opportunity. 
Late  in  the  Spring  he  came  back  and  organized  a  class,  or  rather  the  first 
church  in  Marshall  County,  at  Mr.  Griffith's,  at  the  corner  of  Le  Grand 
Township. 

The  names  of  the  ofiicial  members  of  that  year,  as  nearly  as  can  be  remem- 
bered, were  Isaac  GriflBth,  Allen  Dingy,  Henry  Starry,  Andrew  Jackson  Smith, 
J.  Hestwood,  and  two  men  of  the  name  of  Bruce.  The  mission  had,  during 
the  first  year,  an  appropriation  of  $75,  of  which  the  Presiding  Elder  received 
|25,  and  the  remaining  $50  went  to  Father  Dunton,  which,  with  $2  (quarter- 
age) made  $52,  which  was  the  entire  salary  of  this  pioneer  of  Methodism.  He 
remained  in  charge  one  year,  and  reported  at  its  close  fifteen  members.  The 
Marshalltown  Circuit,  at  this  date,  included  Marshalltown,  Albion,  Marietta, 
Timber  Creek,  Three  Mile  Grove,  Le  Grand  and  Indiantown,  in  Tama  County. 

Rev.  John  Stewart,  of  the  Iowa  Conference,  succeeded  Father  Dunton,  and 
remained  on  the  circuit  for  one  year.  Rev.  VVm.  Armstrong  was  appointed  to 
the  work  in  1854,  and  also  remained  but  one  year.  Little  is  recorded  of  his 
ministerial  work.  In  the  Fall  of  1855,  Father  Dunton  was  re-appointed  to  the 
circuit,  and  had  a  prosperous  year.  He  had  a  revival  at  Marshalltown,  and 
accessions  to  the  church  all  over  the  work.  This  year  the  Upper  Iowa  Confer- 
ence was  formed,  and  Marshalltown  passed  under  its  jurisdiction.  Father 
Dunton  remained  this  time  but  a  single  year. 

In  the  Fall  of  1856,  the  Rev.  A.  T.  Shinn  was  appointed  by  the  Upper 
Iowa  Conference,  Rev.  J.  M.  Rankin  being  Presiding  Elder.  Brother  Shinn 
was  a  quaint  and  forcible  preacher,  and  had  been  at  one  time  temporary  Chap- 
lain of  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  following  is  his  prayer  upon  that 
occasion:  "Great  God,  bless  the  young  and  growing  State  of  Iowa;  bless 
her  Senators  and  Representatives;  bless  her  State  officers;  give  us  a  sound 
currency,  pure  water  and  undefiled  religion,  for  Christ's  sake.  Amen."  Brother 
Shinn  remained  one  year  and  a  part  of  another  at  this  work,  and  was  then 
stricken  with  mental  aberration.  He  left  his  duties  and  moved  with  his  family 
to  Nebraska,  where  he  died.  Sister  Shinn  is  still  a  worthy  claimant  upon  the 
Fifth  Collection  Fund  of  the  Upper  Iowa  Conference. 


474  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  unexpired  portion  of  Mr.  Shinn's  year  was  supplied  by  Rev.  C.  G. 
Truesdell,  then  a  local  preacher  at  Iowa  City,  subsequently  an  efficient  member 
of  the  Upper  Iowa  Conference,  and  now  a  member  of  the  Rock  River  Conference. 

In  1857,  the  Sabbath  school  of  the  M.  E.  Church  of  Marshalltown  was 
formed  and  H.  C.  Henderson  elected  its  first  Superintendent,  which  position  he 
held  for  twelve  years.  In  the  Fall  of  1858,  the  Rev.  C.  Babcock  was  appointed 
to  this  work  and  remained  only  one  year.  During  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Bab- 
cock the  famous  county  seat  fight  occurred  between  Marietta,  the  old  county 
seat,  and  Marshalltown.  In  this  contest  Mr.  Babcock  took  sides  with  Marshall- 
town,  thereby  incurring  the  most  bitter  displeasure  of  the  citizens  of  the  former 
place,  who  not  only  refused  to  hear  him  dispense  to  them  the  word  of  life,  but 
also  gave  him  severe  personal  abuse,  a  warning  to  all  preachers  of  the  Gospel 
not  to  enter  into  ordinary  political  squabbles  or  local  fights,  continually  liable 
to  arise  in  any  community.  At  the  end  of  his  first  year  he  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  L.  Truesdell,  in  1859,  who  remained  two  years,  and  was  the  first  preacher 
of  the  charge  who  made  any  written  record.  He  says,  among  other  things : 
"There  being  very  imperfect  records  of  Marshalltown  circuit,  and  some  of  the 
former  Pastors  being  dead,  it  was  impossible  to  secure  information  proper  to  be 
recorded  in  this  book,  prior  to  1859.  I  have,  therefore,  only  recorded  the 
names  and  conditions  as  I  found  them  upon  my  arrival,  and  as  this  appointment 
was  the  first  made  at  this  station,  and  as  there  had  never  been  a  legally  incorporated 
Board  of  Trustees,  or  correct  minutes  of  any  proceeding,  I  therefore  thought 
best  to  make  up  the  record  from  the  best  information  I  could  get  without  refer- 
ence to  any  former  administration,  and  only  record  such  names  and  facts  as  are 
personally  known  to  me." 

The  present  church  building  enterprise  was  inaugurated  by  Mr.  Truesdell. 
prior  to  this  period.  The  preaching  was  done  in  the  school  house  and  in  the 
Court  House.  From  records  and  reports  it  is  gathered  that  the  church,  about 
this  time,  began  to  take  on  more  organic  form  than  at  any  time  previous  in  her 
history,  and  that  the  pastorate  of  Brother  Truesdell  was  a  successful  one.  He 
was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  J.  K.  Fuller,  who  entered  upon  his  work  in  the  Fall 
of  1861,  and  remained  one  year.  Nothing  special  occurred  during  his  ministry. 
His  audiences  were  good,  his  sermons  instructive  and  his  influence  in  the  town 
salutary.     He  remained  only  one  year,  and  left  the  church  in  a  good  condition. 

In  the  Fall  of  1862,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Thompson  was  appointed  to  Mar- 
shalltown.    No  special  interest  manifested  itself  during  his  one  year's  stay. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Rankin  received  hi?  appointment  in  the  Fall  of  1863,  and  continued 
in  it  for  two  years.  He  had  been  previously  Presiding  Elder.  The  Rev.  A.  B. 
Kendig  entered  this  charge  in  1864,  and  during  his  year,  the  church  passed 
through  a  revival.  The  parsonage  property  south  of  the  church  was  sold  this 
yeai",  but  was  regained  again  in  1873,  by  Rev.  S.  A.  Lee.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  S.  N.  Fellows  in  1866.  His  influence  among  the  young  people  was 
good,  and  his  work  Avas  attended  by  a  marked  revival.  This  gentleman  received 
the  appointment  of  Professor  in  the  Iowa  State  University,  which  he  accepted, 
and  resigned  his  pastorate.  His  resignation  was  very  much  regretted  by  church 
and  community. 

Rev.  1.  K.  Tuttle  came  in  the  Fall  of  1867,  and  remained  two  years.  The 
parsonage  property  north  of  South  Main  street  was  purchased  this  year  and 
afterward  exchanged  for  the  one  sold  during  Mr.  Kendig's  administration.  He 
left  the  church  in  a  good  condition. 

Rev.  H.  S.  Church  came  in  the  Fall  of  1869.  His  ministry  gave  general 
satisfaction. 


EDITOR  MARSHALLTOWN  REPUBUCAfJ 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  477 

The  Rev.  Richard  Swearengen  was  appointed  to  the  charge  in  the  Fall  of 
1870.  He  was  regarded  as  a  very  able  preacher,  and  carried  the  church 
through  one  of  the  most  critical  periods  of  her  history.  He  remained  two 
years  and  left  the  city  universally  respected  by  all. 

The  Rev.  Simon  A.  Lee  came  in  the  Fall  of  1872,  and  remained  two  years 
and  did  as  faithful  work  as  was  ever  performed  by  Pastor  in  Marshalltown.  The 
church  was  largely  increased  in  membership  and  its  financial  condition  was 
greatly  enhanced. 

Rev.  John  Clinton  arrived  on  the  ground  October  18,  1874.  He  decided 
to  inaugurate  steps  to  improve  and  add  to  the  present  church  property.  On  the 
19th  of  September,  1875,  the  addition  and  remodeling  of  the  church  having 
been  completed,  it  was  dedicated.  The  cost  attending  this  work,  including  fur- 
nishing, was  about  $5,500,  a  very  small  portion  of  which  had  to  be  raised  on 
the  day  of  dedication. 

Rev.  S.  W.  Heald  came  in  October,  1877,  and  has  been  a  faithful  laborer. 
A  large  revival  has  been  held  during  his  administration,  and  the  Church  is 
generally  progressing. 

The  above  history  was  chiefly  compiled  by  Rev.  John  McClinton,  and  is 
taken  from  the  records  of  the  Church. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Qhurch  organized  on  the  15th  day  of  March,  1858, 
with  about  thirteen  members — Rev.  James  Gordon,  Pastor.  John  Fisher,  Jr., 
and  James  Fairman  were  elected  Elders,  and  John  Fisher,  Jr.,  Clerk.  Rev. 
James  Gordon  preached  at  stated  times  for  a  period  of  from  two  to  three  years. 
In  February,  1862,  the  records  of  the  Church  were  destroyed  by  the  burning 
of  the  store  of  John  Fisher,  Jr.  In  the  Fall  of  1862,  an  auxiliary  society  was 
organized,  under  the  name  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Society  of  Marshalltown. 
Rev.  L.  H.  Loss,  more  commonly  known  as  De  Loss,  being  the  minister  in 
charge  of  the  Church.  In  the  Spring  of  1864,  through  the  efforts  of  Mr. 
De  Loss,  the  Church  and  society  took  steps  toward  the  erection  of  a  house  of 
worship.  A  loss  of  from  ten  to  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  through  the  rascality 
of  one  of  the  contractors,  caused  the  work  of  building  to  drag.  The  house 
was  completed  and  dedicated  in  November,  1865,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  twelve 
thousand  dollars. 

On  July  12,  1865,  Rev.  Mr.  De  Loss  departed  this  life.  He  is  remem- 
I)ered  as  a  man  of  great  ability  and  energy  and  large  public  spirit.  The  Cem- 
etery Association  is  chiefly  indebted  to  him  for  its  organization.  Rev.  H.  H. 
Kellogg  accepted  a  call  to  the  pulpit  August  29,  1865.  The  officers  at  this 
time  were:  W.  C.  Ranney,  V.  V.  Draper  and  J.  H.  Bradley,  Elders;  J.  H. 
Bradley,  Clerk.  Membership,  January  1,  1865,  fifty-two.  Rev.  Mr.  Kellogg 
remained  in  charge  of  the  Church  until  Januarv  1,  1868.  Membership,  Jan- 
uary 1,  1868,  126.  Oflicers— W.  C.  Ranney,"  J.  H.  Bradley,  N.  Gillespie, 
Chester  Clark  and  B.  K.  Adams,  Elders  ;  B.  K.  Adams,  Clerk.  Rev.  Joshua 
Cooke  supplied  the  pulpit  from  January  1,  1868,  to  January  1,  1869.  Rev. 
H.  B.  Goodale  was  installed  as  Pastor  of  the  Church  on  July  4,  1869.  He 
remained  with  the  Church,  as  Pastor,  until  April  27,  1873.  Rev.  W.  W. 
Thorpe  was  called  to  the  Church  May  19,  1873.  His  services  as  Pastor  con- 
tinued until  October  15,  1876.  Rev.  J.  M.  Carmichael  has  occupied  the 
pulpit  since  February,  1877.     Membership,  April  1,  1878,  177. 

The  Baptist  Church. — A  meeting  of  Baptists  was  held  at  the  residence  of 

Delos  Arnold,  in  Marshalltown,  August  25,  1863,  at  which  the  "  First  Regular 

Baptist  Church  of  Marshall"   was  organized.      On   this  occasion.  Rev.  J.  B. 

■  Peat  acted  as  Moderator,  and  G.  S.  Eddy  as  Clerk.      The  following  persons 


478  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

were  present  and  put  in  their  letters  from  other  churches,  and  constituted  the 
first  membership:  Henry  James  and  wife,  A.  Leroy  and  wife,  A.  Stone  and 
wife,  Delos  Arnold  and  wife,  S.  Remington  and  wife,  Hannah  Geitgy,  Elizabeth 
Wickersham,  Mary  Randall  and  Catherine  Lodge.  The  Church  maintained 
regular  meetings  and  received  accessions  from  time  to  time,  although  without  a 
Pastor  or  house  of  worship,  until  January  3,  1865,  when  a  call  was  extended 
to  Rev.  A.  F.  Willey,  of  Burlington,  who  accepted  the  pastorate  and  took  charge 
of  the  Church  in  March  of  the  same  year.  The  first  public  meetings  were  held 
in  Woodbury  Hall,  and  later  in  the  Court  House.  Shortly  after  Mr.  Willey 's 
arrival,  a  Sunday  school  was  organized. 

During  the  month  of  May  of  the  same  year,  a  lot  was  purchased  on  Church 
street,  south  of  the  S(juare,  at  a  cost  of  $500,  and  a  subscription  paper  was  cir- 
culated to  secure  funds  for  building  a  house  of  worship.  Very  little  was  done 
that  season  toward  building.  Rev.  Mr.  Willey  was  continued  as  Pastor  the 
next  year  (186()) ;  and  in  March,  a  plan  Avas  adopted  and  authority  was  given 
a  committee  to  proceed  with  the  erection  of  the  fine  ediffice  which  now  graces 
the  central  part  of  the  city.  The  structure  was  not  completed  until  the  Spring 
of  1868.     Its  cost  was  $17,500. 

In  1866,  the  membership  had  increased  to  fifty-nine.  In  May  of  this  year, 
Pastor  Willey  was  prostrated  by  sickness,  and  resigned  his  charge.  On  the 
16th  of  December,  same  year,  a  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  0.  A.  Holmes.  He 
accepted  the  call,  and  remained  with  the  Church  until  November  4,  1871,  when 
he  resigned.  During  his  pastorate,  the  church  building  was  completed,  and 
dedicated  April  5,  1868.  Rev.  N.  F.  Ravlin  preached  the  sermon  of  dedica- 
tion. During  this  period,  the  Church  had  increased  largely  in  membership  and 
influence. 

In  February,  1872,  Rev.  Lyman  J.  Fisher  accepted  a  call  from  the  Church, 
and  continued  his  labors  successfully  until  January,  1874,  when,  by  reason  of 
ill  health,  he  was  led  to  resign.  In  September,  1874,  Rev.  D.  N.  Mason  ac- 
cepted the  pastorate,  and  occupied  the  pulpit  until  December  31,  1875.  Dur- 
ing the  Spring  of  1876,  Rev.  J.  C.  Hurd  was  called,  and  labored  diligently 
until  May,  1878,  when  he  resigned. 

At  present,  the  Church  is  without  a  Pastor.  It  has  a  membership  of  about 
two  hundred,  and  a  handsome  church  edifice. 

St.  Matthetv's  (Episcopal)  Ohurch,  Marshalltown. — The  first  religious  serv- 
ices held  in  Marshalltown  (and  probably  tlie  first  in  Marshall  County),  accord- 
ing to  the  usages  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  were  held  on  the  first 
Sunday  in  November,  1868,  in  Woodbury  Hall,  morning  and  afternoon,  by  the 
Rev.  X.  A.  Welton,  then  Rector  of  Gethsemane  Church,  Iowa  Center. 

The  next  were  held  in  the  same  place,  in  the  evening  of  August  15,  1864, 
by  the  Rt.  Rev.  H.  W.  Lee,  Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  assisted  by  the  Rev.  C.  S. 
Percival,  then  Rector  of  Grace  Church,  Cedar  Rapids.  These  services  were 
well  attended,  and  the  musical  portion  impressively  rendered  by  a  volunteer 
choir. 

From  this  time,  occasional  services  were  held  by  Bishop  Lee  and  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Percival,  until  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1867,  when,  on  the  18th  of 
December,  the  first  meeting  Avas  held  looking  toward  a  permanent  organization. 
This  meeting  Avas  held  in  the  office  of  C.  W.  Fracker,  Avho  was  appointed  a 
committee  to  solicit  funds  for  the  support  of  a  clergyman,  the  rent  of  a  place  of 
worship  and  other  necessary  expenses. 

The  meeting  at  Avhich  the  parish  Avas  formally  organized,  Avas  held  at  the 
office  of  C.  W.  Fracker,  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Percival  presiding,  on  the  23d  of 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  479 

March,  1868.  Articles  of  Incorporation  were  adopted,  the  parish  was  duly 
organized  under  the  name  of  St.  Matthew's  Church,  and  the  following  persons 
Avere  elected  as  the  first  Vestry  :  Herman  Howe,  C.  W.  Fracker,  A.  C.  Abbott, 
E.  G.  Sleight,  J.  H.  H.  Frisbee,  Wm.  W.  Williams  and  C.  C.  Lytle.  Mr. 
Howe  was  chosen  Senior  Warden ;  Mr.  Fracker,  Junior  Warden ;  Mr.  Abbott, 
Treasurer;  and  Mr.  Frisbee,  Clerk. 

On  the  10th  of  May,  1868,  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Percival,  having  been  informally 
in  charge  of  the  organization  from  the  first,  was  duly  chosen  Rector  of  the 
parish,  ;it  a  salary  of  $500  for  services  every  other  Sunday,  he  being  employed 
as  Missionary  at  Tama  City,  on  the  alternate  Sundays.  This  arrangement  was 
continued  until  the  close  of  the  year  1869,  when  his  constant  services  were 
received  at  a  salary  of  $1,100  per  annum.  Thus,  within  two  years  of  the  time 
of  its  organization,  the  parish  became  self-supporting,  with  a  Rector  constantly 
employed.  This  achievement,  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  Diocese,  did 
not  fail  to  receive  the  hearty  congratulations  of  the  Bishop  and  of  the  Diocesan 
Convention. 

The  Vestry,  soon  after  the  organization  of  the  parish,  secured  (first  by  rent 
and  afterward  by  purchase)  the  Lutheran  Church,  on  River  (now  State)  street, 
and  continued  to  occupy  it  as  a  place  of  worship  during  the  rectorship  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Percival,  which  terminated  on  the  1st  of  January,  1871. 

At  that  time,  the  parish  consisted  of  sixty-five  families,  ninety-two  commu- 
nicants and  a  congregation  numbering  in  all  above  200  souls.  About  the  1st 
of  March,  1871,  the  church  on  State  street  was  sold  to  the  Swedes  for  $2,000, 
the  mortgage  on  the  ^ame  amounting  to  $1,500.  Soon  after  this,  a  lot  was 
purchased  on  Church  street,  and  measures  were  immediately  taken  for  building 
thereon  a  stone  church  to  cost  about  $8,000.  On  the  29th  of  August,  1871,  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Lee,  assisted  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Edson,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and 
the  Rev.  C.  S.  Percival,  then  of  Independence,  laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  new 
edifice  with  impressive  ceremonies,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  people. 

The  opening  service  in  the  new  church  was  held  about  a  year  from  that 
time,  viz.,  on  the  14th  of  July,  1872,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Lee,  assisted 
by  the  Rev.  T.  B.  Kemp,  then  of  Oskaloosa.  The  rectorship  of  the  parish 
continued  vacant  until  the  following  month  (over  a  year  and  a  half  in  all)  when 
the  Rev.  W.  F.  Morrison  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  position  of  Minis- 
ter in  Charge.  This  arrangement  continued  about  ten  months,  ^.  e.,  till  the 
12th  of  June,  1873,  when  the  Parish  again  became  vacant. 

About  this  time,  the  Rev.  R.  D.  Brooke,  of  Davenport,  received  and 
accepted  a  call  as  Rector,  but  did  not  enter  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  until 
the  following  September.  Mr.  Brooke  held  the  rectorship  but  one  year,  when 
he  accepted  a  call  to  another  field  of  labor. 

After  a  vacancy  of  nearly  two  years,  the  Rev.  C.  T.  Stout,  of  Fort  Dodge, 
accepted  a  call  to  the  Rectorship,  in  the  latter  part  of  June,  1876.  This 
clergyman  held  the  position  of  Rector  a  year  and  nine  months,  resigning  the 
same  on  the  18th,  of  March,  1878.  Since  that  time  the  parish  has  again  been 
vacant,  although  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Percival,  the  founder  and  first  Rector  of  the 
parish  (now  Principal  of  Percival  Academy,  Marshalltown,  and  Missionary  at 
Ames),  holds  divine  service  every  other  Sunday. 

The  frequent  change  of  Rectors,  the  short  pastorates  and  the  long  vacancies, 
together  with  the  heavy  debt  (amounting  now  to  nearly  $6,000),  have  told 
sadly  upon  the  prosperity  of  the  parish.  Fears  have  been  expressed  that  the 
property  (one  of  the  most  beautiful  churches  in  the  Diocese)  may  be  irredeem- 
ably alienated,  and  even  that  the  organization  may  be  given  up.     But  it  is 


•480  •  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

/ 

devoutly  to  be  hoped  that  so  great  a  disaster  will,  in  some  way,  be  averted. 
During  all  their  discouragements,  the  parishioners  have  kept  up  a  prosperous 
Sunday  school,  averaging  sixty  or  seventy  scholars  ;  and  a  parish  that  maintains 
a  live  Sunday  school  is  very  far  from  being  dead. 

The  following  well-known  gentlemen  compose  the  present  Vestry :  C.  W. 
Tracker,  C.  Holmdale,  A.  C.  Abbott,  E.  G.  Sleight,  J.  E.  Deitrich,  A.  F. 
Havadon  and  S.  P.  Knisely.  The  first  two  named  are  the  Wardens  ;  Mr. 
Deitrich  is  Secretary,  and  Mr.  Knisely  is  Treq^urer. 

The  First  Congregational  Church. — Until  the  Summer  of  1868,  the  Con- 
gregationahsts  who  came  to  this  place,  inasmuch  as  there  was  here  no  church 
of  their  own  order,  attached  themselves  to  the  Presbyterian  Church.  But  as 
they  continued  to  come  in  considerable  numbers,  and  as  the  town  promised  large 
growth,  it  was  believed  that  the  time  had  arrived  for  the  organization  of  a  Con- 
gregational Church.  In  accordance,  therefore,  with  the  custom  in  such  cases, 
those  interested  in  the  enterprise,  proceeded  to  call  a  Council  from  neighboring 
Congregational  Churches  to  meet  with  and  advise  them  in  the  matter,  and  if  it 
should  seem  best,  to  aid  in  the  organization  of  such  a  church. 

In  response  to  the  invitation,  there  were  present  from  the  Church  in  Belle 
Plaine — Rev.  D.  Lane,  Pastor  ;  J.  Baker,  delegate  ;  Boonsboro — Rev.  0.  C. 
Dickerson,  Pastor  ;  Green  Mountain — Rev.  R.  Stuart,  Pastor  ;  J.  C.  Hopkins, 
delegate ;  Oxford — Rev.  H.  L.  BuUen,  Pastor ;  Geo.  Blake,  delegate  ;  also, 
Rev.  J.  Guernsey,  D.  D.,  Superintendent  of  Home  Missions  in  Iowa,  for  the 
American  Home  Missionary  Society. 

By  the  courtesy  of  the  Baptist  brethren,  the  meeting  was  held  in  their 
house  of  worship,  at  10  A.  M.,  July  9,  1868.  The  moi'ning  session  was  spent 
as  a  meeting  for  prayer.  At  2  P.  M.,  the  Council  was  organized  by  the  elec- 
tion of  Rev.  D.  Lane,  as  Moderator,  and  Rev.  H.  L.  Bullen,  as  Scribe.  At 
the  request  of  the  Moderator  A.  C.  Carpenter,  as  committee  in  behalf  of  those 
calling  the  Council,  stated  in  full  the  reasons  for  the  step  now  taken,  and  the 
need  of  such  a  church  in  Marshalltown.  The  minutes  of  all  the  proceedings, 
preliminary  hereto  were  read  by  Honestus  H.  Johnson.  The  Confession  of 
Faith  and  Covenant,  proposed  to  be  adopted  were  also  read,  and  the  names  of 
those  intending  to  enter  into  the  organization,  with  their  letters  of  dismission 
and  recommendation  from  other  churches. 

The  Council  found  the  various  statements  and  the  letters  all  orderly  and 
satisfactory  ;  and  advised  that  the  organization  be  made,  which  was  formally 
done  at  8  o'clock  the  same  evening,  at  the  place  above  mentioned.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  names  of  those  who  constituted  the  original  members  of  the  First 
Congregacional  Church  of  Marshalltown. 

Abner  H.  McNitt  and  Mrs.  Sophronia  D.  McjSTitt,  Mrs.  S.  Jeannette 
Miller,  A.  C.  Carpenter  and  Mrs.  Ann  Carpenter,  Honestus  H.  Johnson  and 
Mrs.  Anna  M.  Jolinson,  Dea.  Joseph  Greeley,  Nathan  Wheeler  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Wheeler,  Laura  Wlieeler,  daughter  of  the  above  ;  eleven  in  all.  Of  these,  six 
(at  this  writing,  Aug.,  1878),  remain  in  the  Church;  three  have  died;  two 
have  removed  from  the  place. 

For  a  few  weeks  the  young  Church  met,  as  they  could,  in  the  Baptist  or 
Lutheran  house  of  worship,  and  had  such  pulpit  supply  as  they  could  secure. 

In  August,  they  extended  a  call  to  Rev.  R.  B.  Bull,  of  Henry,  111.,  to  be- 
come their  Pastor,  at  a  salary  of  $1,000  per  year,  the  Home  Mission  Society 
guaranteeing  one-half  of  that  sum.  The  year  following,  the  same  Society  fur- 
nished ^lOO  aid,  from  which  time  on,  the  church  became  self-supporting,  having 
received  in  all,  $900  of  Home  Mission  aid. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  481 

Mr.  Bull's  ministry  lasted  but  two  years,  closing  Aug.  31,  1870.  During 
the  first  year,  services  were  held  in  the  Court  House  ;  the  second  year  in  Rice's 
Hall.  In  the  latter  part  of  this  year,  a  movement  was  made  toAvard  building 
the  present  house  of  worship.  The  lot  on  which  it  stands,  with  the  small 
dwelling  in  the  rear,  was  purchased  on  $1,500,  and  the  edifice  erected  thereon, 
was  put  up  at  a  total  cost  of  $3,815. 

Rev.  W.  L.  Bray,  of  Newton,  Iowa,  was  immediately  invited  as  the  suc- 
cessor to  the  pastorate,  and  entered  on  his  work  before  October.  He  was  in- 
stalled over  the  Church  Dec.  22,  1870,  and  somewhere  about  the  same  time,  the 
new  house  of  worship  was  dedicated.  Mr.  Bray's  ministry  continued  a  little 
more  than  three  years,  or  until  the  close  of  December,  1873. 

For  three  months  following,  the  pulpit  was  supplied  chiefly  by  Rev.  G.  F. 
Magoun,  D.  D.,  President  of  Iowa  College;  a  call  meanwhile  having  been  ex- 
tended to  Rev.  W.  Windsor,  then  of  Morrisville,  N.  Y.,  who  came  to  the  pas- 
torate March  8,  1874,  and  who  is  still  with  the  Church. 

In  these  ten  vears  of  its  existence,  this  church  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
important  religious  agencies  of  the  city,  and  has  always  proved  itself  ready  for 
co-operative  and  aggressive  Christian  work.  More  than  100  have  been  lost  to 
its  number  by  the  usual  causes,  leaving  its  present  membership  154.  Its  gifts 
to  all  Christian  missionary  and  charitable  purposes,  abroad  and  at  home,  for  the 
past  seven  years,  the  time  during  which,  record  has  been  kept,  have  been  about 
$1,300.  The  society  has  no  incumbrance  upon  its  property,  having  extin- 
guished the  last  remaining  arrearages  a  year  ago,  and  in  common  with  its  sister 
churches  in  the  city,  this  one  also  is  looking  forward  to  a  useful  and  prosper- 
ous future. 

Roman  Catholic  Church. — The  first  services  according  to  the  rites  of  the 
Romish  Church  in  this  city,  were  conducted  by  Rev.  Father  Lowery,  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  some  ten  years  or  more  ago.  Since  that  time,  a  flourishing  society  has 
been  built  up.  The  present  Pastor,  Rev.  Father  Portz,  observes  service  in 
Marshalltown,  and  as  a  missionary,  in  Liscomb.  There  is  a  seminary  in  this 
city  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters.  Although  the  time  since  the  formal 
organization  of  the  Church  here  has  been  brief,  the  society  is  well  founded  and 
includes  many  influential  members.  Father  Portz  is  an  indefatigable  worker  in 
his  worthy  cause,  and  is  much  respected  both  in  and  out  of  his  Church. 

The  Sivede  Lutheran  Church. — This  society  was  organized  in  Marshalltown 
Jan.  18, 1870.  A  meeting  was  called  to  perfect  the  organization,  at  which  the  Rev. 
P.  A.  Lindahl  was  chosen  Chairman,  and  John  Bowman,  Secretary.  The  first  Trust- 
ees were  Andrew  Chandland,  Louis  Noyd  and  Carl  Burg.  The  society  organized 
with  about  twenty  members,  and  purchased  a  church  edifice  from  the  Trustees  of  the 
Episcopal  organization  for  |2,000.  Rev.  Mr.  Westling  was  the  first  regular 
Pastor.  Since  its  formation,  the  society  has  been  steadily  growing,  until  to-day 
it  is  free  from  all  incumbrances,  and  has  100  members.  The  Rev.  P.  A. 
Pilghren  is  the  present  Pastor  of  the  church  ;  Deacons,  Carl  Burg,  P.  Hanson, 
Andrew  Elmblod  and  Louis  Peterson  ;  Trustees,  W.  C.  Rebb,  N.  Peterson, 
Henry  Olson  and  Frank  Engstran  ;  M.  Peterson,  Treasurer  ;  Henry  East, 
Secretary. 

Disciples  or  Christian  Church. — The  present  organization  of  Disciples  of 
Christ  was  effected  Feb.  15,  1877.  The  charter  members  numbered  twenty, 
consisting  of  E.  L.  Lemert,  Byron  A.  Beesen,  Daniel  Burkhart,  Ellen  Lemert, 
M.  K.  Huffaker,  M.  C.  Huffaker,  A.  W.  Weatherly,  Mary  L.  Johnson,  0.  S. 
Hill  and  others.  The  Church  adopted  the  New  Testament  as  their  creed  and  only 
rule  of  faith  and  practice.     On  the  16th  day  of  February,  1877,  the  Church 


482  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

was  duly  incorporated.  The  following  Board  of  Trustees  were  elected : 
Byron  A.  Beesen,  E.  L.  Leraert,  0.  F.  Hixson,  M.  K.  Huifaker  and  A.  W. 
Weatlierly.  Some  time  after  the  Church  was  organized.  Daniel  Burkhart  was 
chosen  Elder  and  A.  A.  Wilber  and  A.  W.  Weatlierly,  Deacons.  The  Trustees 
rented  the  "brick  church"  on  West  Church  street,  between  Third  and  Fourth, 
and  during  the  Spring  and  Summer  of  1877,  the  pulpit  was  occasionally  occu- 
pied by  Eld.  N.  A.  McConnell,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  Eld.  F.  Walden,  of  Albion, 
Prof.  G.  T.  Carpenter  and  Prof.  Laughlin,  of  Oskaloosa  College,  and  others. 
On  Sept.  1,  1877,  Eld.  L.  Lane,  of  South  Bend,  Ind.,  was  employed  as  Pastor 
of  the  Church,  for  one  half  of  his  time  for  one  year,  and  Sept.  1,  1878,  the 
Church  re-employed  him  for  his  entire  time.  The  present  membership  (Sep- 
tember, 1878)  is  fifty -five,  making  thirty-five  additional  members  since  the 
organization  of  the  church.  Prosperity  attends  all  the  different  departments 
of  the  Church.  The  Sunday  school  was  organized  April  7,  1877.  Byron  A, 
Beesen  was  chosen  Superintendent.     It  now  numbers  seventy-five. 

Young  Mens  Christian  Association. — This  society  was  organized  in  April, 
1876,  with  the  following  officers :  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  President ;  William  Pentland, 
Vice  President ;  J,  R.  McQuiston,  Secretary  ;  L.  S.  Kilborn,  Treasurer. 

An  interest  was  awakened  in  the  cause  and  $400  secured  to  carry  on  the 
work.  Rooms  were  opened  in  the  City  Bank  building,  and  vigorous  measures 
were  taken  to  place  the  society  on  a  sound  financial  footing.  The  second  elec- 
tion, in  1876,  placed  the  following  officers  over  the  society :  E.  W.  Deitrich, 
President ;  William  Pentland,  Vice  President ;  Theodore  Johnson,  Secretary  ; 
L.  S.  Kilborn,  Treasurer.  The  third  election  resulted  in  the  choice  of  J.  R. 
McQuiston,  President ;  E.  R.  Jones,  Vice  President ;  Theodore  Johnson,  Sec- 
retary ;   L    S.   Kilborn,  Treasurer. 

The  society  was  materially  aided  by  the  citizens  at  a  public  meeting  held  in 
Woodbury  Hall,  and  was  enabled  to  open  spacious  rooms  in  the  Union  Block. 
Here  a  reading  room  and  rooms  for  meetings  are  kept  in  constant  use,  the  for- 
mer being  placed  at  the  service  of  those  who  desire  to  read  the  better  papers 
and  publications.  Religious  meetings  are  held  in  the  prayer  and  service  rooms, 
to  which  the  public  are  invited.  The  society  is  doing  a  grand  work.  The  present 
officers  are:  W.  B.  Bently,  President;  A.J.  Swett,  Vice  President;  Theo- 
dore Johnson,  Secretary  ;   William  Pentland,  Treasurer. 

CITY    GOVERNMENT. 

Marshalltown  was  incorporated  July,  1863.  Previous  to  this  period,  the 
city  was  governed  in  much  the  same  manner  as  all  townships  are  managed  at 
the  present  day.  The  officers  of  the  city  for  each  year  from  1863  to  1879, 
are  given  below  : 

For  1863-4 — J.  L.  Williams,  Mayor;  Peter  Dalesman,  Recorder;  Thomas 
E.  McCracken,  Marshal  ;  G.  M.Woodbury,  Treasurer;  H.P.Williams,  Assess. 
or.  Trustees — G.  M.  Woodbury,  George  Glick,  R.  H.  Barnhart,  H.  E.  J- 
Boardman,  Thomas  Murphy. 

For  1864-5— E.  J.  B.  Statler,  Mayor ;  C.  H.  Shaw,  Recorder,  and  Will- 
iam H.  Gallup  to  fill  vacancy;  H.  P.  Williams,  Assessor;  Thomas  B.  Able, 
Treasurer;  Thomas  E.  McCracken,  Marshal,  and  A.  S.  Curtis,  to  fill  vacancy. 
Trustees — E.  C.  Rice,  William  Johnson,  George  Glick,  R.  M.  Barnhart, 
Thomas  Murphy. 

For  1865-6 — J.  B.  W.  Johnson,  Mayor;  C.  H.  Shaw,  Recorder;  A.  S. 
Curtis,  Marshal.  Trustees — A.  C.  Abbott,  J.  H.  Smith,  Samuel  Hull,  Jabez 
Banbury,  Thomas  Murphy. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  483 

For  1866-7 — John  Fisher,  Mayor,  and  Obed  Caswell  to  fill  vacancy  ;  Geo. 
Mill,  Recorder ;  Thomas  Murphy,  Treasurer ;  iSamuel  Huffman,  Marshal. 
Trustees— E.  H.  B.  Statler,  Sylvester  Lacey,  J.  Banbury,  W.  W.  Miller,  R. 
Howe  Taylor. 

For  1867-8 — R.  M.  Johnson,  Mayor ;  J.  Lee  Knight,  Recorder  ;  Thomas 
Murphy,  Treasurer  :  Samuel  Huftman,  Marshal,  and  M.  Munsell  to  fill  vacancy. 
Trustees— George  Glick,  A.  0.  Abbott,  G.  M.  Woodbury,  H.  Willard,  J.  H. 
McClain. 

March  18,  1868,  the  city  was  divided  into  Wards. 

For  1868-9— J.  M.  Parker,  Mayor ;  J.  Lee  Knight,  Clerk,  and  H.  P. 
Williams  to  fill  vacancy ;  Thomas  Murphy,  Treasurer  ;  George  L.  Canfield, 
Marshal;  Obed  Caswell,  Solicitor;  William  Sharp,  Street  Commissioner; 
Thomas  Murphy,  Engineer.  Councilmen  :  First  Ward — William  Johnson,  J. 
Banbury ;  Second  Ward— Charles  Aldrich,  H.  Willard  ;  Third  Ward— J.  D. 
McCord,  E.  Baker;  Fourth  Ward — George  Glick,  J.  D.  Downer. 

For  1869-70— J.  M.  Parker,  Mayor ;  H.  P.  Williams,  Clerk ;  Thomas 
Murphy,  Treasurer ;  "M.  Munsell,  Marshal,  and  J.  D.  McCord  to  fill  vacancy ; 
Obed  Caswell,  Solicitor ;  M.  Munsell,  Street  Commissioner ;  Thomas  Murphy, 
Engineer;  Fred  Baum,  Assessor.  Councilmen:  First  Ward — C.  M.  Fracker, 
William  Johnson ;  Second  Ward— W.  H.  Calhoun,  H.  Willard.  and  0.  B. 
Barrows  to  fill  vacancy ;  Third  Ward— W.  S.  Rice,  D.  P.  McCord ;  Fourth 
Ward — John  Turner,  J.  D.  Downer. 

For  1870-71— G.  M.  Parker,  Mayor ;  L.  G.  Seagar,  Clerk  ;  J.  Banbury. 
Treasurer;  C.  J.  Epenalter,  Marshal,  and  J.  D.  McCord  to  fill  vacancy  ;  Obed 
Caswell,  Solicitor ;  Solomon  Brooks,  Street  Commissioner ;  P.  M.  Sutton, 
Engineer ;  Fred  Baum,  Assessor.  Councilmen  :  First  Ward — E.  N.  Cha- 
pin,  C.  W.  Fracker ;  Second  Ward— 0.  B.  Barrows,  W.  H.  Calhoun  ;  Third 
Ward — George  Seagar,  W.  S.  Rice;  Fourth  Ward — J.  D.  Downer,  John 
Turner. 

For  1871-2 — L.  W.  Griswold,  Mayor  ;  Leroy  G.  Seagar,  Clerk  ;  J.  Banbury, 
Treasurer  ;  Albert  Satia,  Marshal ;  Solomon  Brooks,  Street  Commissioner ;  P. 
M.  Sutton,  Engineer,  and  William  Bremner  to  fill  vacancy ;  Fred  Baum,  As- 
sessor. Councilmen :  First  Ward — J.  C.  Kuener,  C.  E.  Bromley,  and  E.  N. 
Chapin  to  fill  vacancy  ;  Second  Ward — W.  H.  Calhoun,  0.  B.  Barrews ;  Third 
Ward— N.  S.  Rice,  George  Seagar  ;  Fourth  Ward— R.  Howe  Taylor,  H.  P. 
Williams,  N.  F.  Craig  to  fill  vacancy. 

1872-3— L.  W.  Griswold,  Mayor;  M.  H.  Haviland,  Clerk;  J.  Banbury, 
Treasurer ;  A.  Satia,  Marshal ;  J.  F.  Meeker,  Solicitor ;  Samuel  Hull,  Street 
Commissioner  ;  William  Bremner,  Engineer  ;  Fred  Baum,  Assessor.  Council- 
men  :  First  Ward — C.  E.  Bromley,  William  East ;  Second  Ward — 0.  B.  Bar- 
rows, W.  H.  Calhoun  ;  Third  Ward— Delos  Arnold,  W.  S.  Rice  ;  Fourth  Ward 
— N.  F.  Craig,  H.  P.  Williams. 

For  1873-4— L.  W.  Griswold,  Mayor;  M.  H.  Haviland,  Clerk;  J.  H.  H. 
Trisbee,  Treasurer;  C.  H.  Brock,  Marshal;  J.  F.  Meeker,  Solicitor;  George 
Seagar,  Street  Commissioner ;  William  Bremner,  Engineer ;  Fred  Baum,  As- 
sessor. Councilmen:  First  Ward — C.  E. .  Bromley,  William  East;  Second 
Ward — N.  L.  Bunco,  0.  B.  Barrows  ;  Third  Ward — Delos  Arnold,  Sylvester 
Lacey  ;  Fourth  Ward — B.  F.  Frederick,  N.  F.  Craig. 

For  1874-5—0.  B.  Barrows,  Mayor  ;  J.  H.  H.  Frisbee,  Treasurer;  C.  H. 
Brock,  Marshal,  and  Albert  Satia  to  fill  vacancy ;  P.  M.  Sutton,  Solicitor ;  G. 
A.  Hartman,  Street  Commissioner ;  William  Bremner,  Engineer  ;  Fred  Baum, 
Assessor.     Councilmen  :    First  Ward — William  East,  C.  E.  Bromley ;    Second 


484  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUxNTY. 

Ward — W.  H.  Calhoun,  N.  L.  Bunce ;  Third  Ward — Fred  Grumme,  Sylvester 
Lacey ;  Fourth  Ward — John  Turner,  B.  F.  Frederick. 

For  1875-6—0.  B.  Barrows,  Mayor ;  A.  Saddler,  Clerk ;  J.  H.  H.  Fris- 
bee,  Treasurer;  A.  Satia,  Marshal;  P.  M.  Sutton.  Solicitor;  G.  A.  Hartman, 
Street  Commissioner;  William  Bremner,  Engineer;  S.  H.  Porter,  Assessor. 
'Councilmen  :  First  Ward — C.  E.  Bromley,  William  East ;  Second  Ward — N. 
L.  Bunce,  W.  H.  Calhoun  ;  Third  Ward— S.  Lacey,  F.  Grumme ;  Fourth 
Ward— B.  F.  Frederick,  J.  Turner. 

For  187t)-7 — 0.  B.  Barrows,  Mayor;  A.  Saddler,  City  Clerk;  J.  H.  H. 
Frisbee,  Treasurer ;  A.  Satia,  Marshal ;  J.  M.  Parker,  Solicitor ;  G.  A.  Hart- 
man,  Street  Commissioner;  William  Bremner,  City  Engineer;  S.  H.  Porter, 
Assessor.  Councilmen  :  First  Ward — William  East,  C.  E.  Bromley  ;  Second. 
Ward— W.  H.  Calhoun,  N.  L.  Bunce ;  Third  Ward— F.  Grumme,  S.  Lacey ; 
Fourth  Ward— John  Turner,  B.  F.  Frederick. 

For  1877-8— R.  Howe  Taylor,  Mayor;  Byron  Webster,  Clerk;  J.  H.  H. 
Faisbee,  Treasurer ;  George  R.  Norris,  Marshal ;  J.  M.  Parker,  Solicitor ;  E. 
Shurtz,  Street  Commissioner;  William  Bremner,  Engineer;  S.  H.Porter, 
Assessor.  Councilmen  :  First  Ward — William  Cole,  William  East ;  Second 
AVard— N.  L.  Bunce,  W.  H.  Calhoun ;  Third  Ward— M.  C.  Wheeler,  F. 
Grumme ;  Fourth  Ward — D.  W.  Cunningham,  John  Turner. 

For  1878-9— R.  Howe  Taylor,  Mayor;  Byron  Webster,  Clerk;  W.  F. 
Treadwell,  Treasurer  ;  George  R.  Norris,  Marshall ;  B.  L.  Burt,  Solicitor ;  G. 
A.  Hartman,  Street  Commissioner;  William  Bremner,  Engineer;  T.  S.  Kil- 
born,  Assessor.  Councilmen  :  First  Ward — W.  East,  W.  Cole,  Fred  J.  Wood- 
bury; Second  Ward — N.  L.  Bunce,  0.  B.  Barrows;  Third  Ward — M.  C. 
Wheeler,  J.  D.  Vail ;  Fourth  Ward — D.  W.  Cunningham,  John  Turner. 

The  city  owns  a  building  on  West  Main  street,  where  the  several  officers 
have  appropriate  rooms. 

The  lower  portion  of  the  building  is  used  by  the  Hook  and  Ladder  Company 
and  the  Hope  Hose  No.  1. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

Rescue  Hook  and  Ladder  Co. — This  is  the  oldest  fire  organization  in  the 
city,  dating  back  to  1869-70.  A  hook  and  ladder  truck  was  purchased  in 
Chicago  at  a  cost  of  $1,600,  and  the  Rescue  Company  was  formed. 

After  the  great  fire  in  1872,  the  city  purchased  a  large  double-decker,  Jeffer- 
son end-brake  engine  for  $800,  which  they  obtained  in  Rock  Island,  Illinois. 
With  that  came  the  large  hose  cart,  carrying  1,100  feet  of  hose.  The  first  truck 
was  subsequently  exchanged  for  the  present  large  and  durable  one.  The 
company  is  now  in  a  splendid  condition,  being  supplied  with  everything  needed 
in  case  of  an  emergency.  A.  C.  Sherwood  was  the  first  chief  of  the  department. 
The  present  chief  is  C.  S.  Woodworth.  The  present  officers  of  the  Rescue 
Company  are  J.  W.  Haines,  Foreman  ;  George  W.  McKinney,  First  Assistant. 

The  Woodbury  Independent  Hose  Company. — This  company  was  organized, 
in  1874,  under  the  name  of  the  Washington  Independent  Engine  Company.  It 
originally  consisted  of  forty  members,  but  was  at  one  time  increased  to  seventy. 
Messrs.*  Sowers,  Waters  and  Woods  raised  the  necessary  amount,  $600,  by 
soliciting  subscriptions,  for  the  purchase  of  a  single  decker,  side-brake.  Button 
engine,  which  they  purchased  in  Dubuque.  The  engine  house,  a  frame  build- 
ing, was  located  on  Main  street.  Robert  Vogle  was  the  first  Foreman.  The 
engine  was  a  good  one  and  did  some  vei'y  effective  service.  After  the  building 
of  the  water  works,  the  engine  was  sold  to  the  State  Centre  people  for  $600. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  485 

The  company  then  purchased,  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  a  handsome  hose-cart,  which 
they  called  the  "  Spider,"  at  a  cost  of  $400.  The  cart  and  hose  weigh  but 
820  pounds.  The  name  of  the  company  was  then  changed  to  the  G.  M.  Wood- 
bury Independent  Hose  Company.  They  have  500  feet  of  linen  hose.  The 
engine  house  is  located  on  East  Main  street ;  is  a  substantial  brick  structure 
20x30  feet  in  size,  and  handsomely  fitted  up  with  all  the  necessary  fire 
apparatus.  They  have  what  is  called  the  twin  coupling,  which  can  be  used 
in  throwing  two  streams  of  water.  The  Foreman,  M.  K.  Williams,  has 
been  in  charge  of  the  company  since  its  organization,  and  sleeps  in  the 
engine  house.  The  company  pay  their  own  gas  bills  and  are  strictly 
independent.  The  men  are  nearly  all  young,  and  are  ready  at  a  moment's 
notice  to  do  their  duty.  The  officers  are  M.  K.  Williams,  Foreman  ;  George 
Canfield,  First  Assistant ;  John  Boman,  Second  Assistant ;  William  McFarlan, 
Secretary  ;   Oscar  Blaney,  Treasurer.     Membership,  twenty-eight. 

Alert  Hose  Company/,  No.  2. — The  Alert  Hose  Company  was  organized 
May  5,  1877.  A  hose-cart  was  purchased  of  Coburn  &  Rewey,  of  Marshall- 
town,  for  $235,  and  was  paid  for  by  the  city.  The  engine  house  is  located  at 
305  South  Third  avenue,  and  is  a  substantial  brick  structure,  two  stories  high 
and  twenty -two  feet  square.  The  cart  weighs  450  pounds.  They  have  500 
feet  of  linen  hose.  The  first  officers  of  the  Alert  Company  were :  J.  H. 
Johnston,  Foreman ;  W.  H.  Harrington,  First  Assistant ;  W.  W.  O'Brien, 
Second  Assistant ;  R.  W.  Westlake,  Secretary ;  J.  W.  Brackett,  Treasurer. 
The  present  officers  are :  J.  H.  Johnson,  Foreman  ;  W.  H.  Harrington,  First 
Assistant ;  George  Bowman,  Second  Assistant ;  J.  R,.  Welsh,  Secretary  ;  J.  W. 
Brackett,  Treasurer.      The  company  consists  of  twenty  members. 

Hope  Hose  Company. — This  company  was  organized  in  1875,  at  the  time 
of  the  building  of  the  water  works.  They  are  allowed  twenty  men,  but  the  roll 
is  not  filled  at  present.  The  headquarters  are  in  the  city  building.  N.  E.  Sar- 
gent is  Foreman ;  A.  E.  Walters,  First  Assistant ;  Nathan  A.  Kers,  Second 
Assistant.  This  company  is  well  organized  and  constitutes  an  important  feature 
of  the  department. 

WATER  WORKS. 

The  city  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Iowa  River,  by  a  system  of 
Knowles  pumps.  The  water  works  are  located  on  the  south  bank  of  the  stream, 
near  the  Woodbury  Mills.  The  mains  are  laid  in  all  the  principal  streets,  and 
the  power  of  the  pumps  is  ample  to  furnish  water  for  fire  and  ordinary 
purposes. 

A  system  of  telegraph  is  maintained  to  warn  the  engineer  of  fires.  The 
entire  service  is  satisfactory  to  the  city. 

The  contract  for  works  was  made  with  Carpenter  &  Co.,  of  Ottawa,  for  the 
sum  of  $46,500.  The  entire  cost  exceeded  this  amount,  and,  including  exten- 
sions, is  stated  at  $67,817.  The  city  is  now  carrying  some  $60,000  of  bonds, 
issued  for  this  improvement.  These  bonds  represent  the  bonded  debt  of  the 
city,  the  financial  condition  of  which  is  exceedingly  satisfactory. 

This  enterprise  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  ever  attempted  in  the  city,  and 
reflects  great  credit  upon  those  who  originated  the  plan  and  carried  it  to  a 
successful  completion.  No  town  of  its  size  in  the  State  is  better  supplied  with 
water  than  is  this  city. 

Mr.  Frank  Killala  has  general  supervision  of  the  works  and  supply  depart- 
ment. William  Fisher  is  Chief  Engineer  of  the  pumping  house,  and  William 
Brush  is  Second  Engineer. 


486  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 


POLICE. 


The  City  Marshal  constituted  the  police  force  of  the  city,  with  occasionally 
a  few  appointed  assistants  until  1877,  when  three  men,  including  the  Marshal, 
were  uniformed  and  given  regular  beats.  In  1878,  another  man  was  added  to 
the  force.  The  Mayor  is  Chief  of  Police,  with  headquarters  at  the  city  build- 
ing.    George  R.  Norris  is  the  present  Marshal. 


GAS  WORKS. 


The  city  iS  supplied  Avith  gas  from  works  owned  by  Gabriel  Carpenter,  S. 
D.  Carpenter.  John  Weare  and  E.  E.  Weare,  of  Cedar  Rapids,  but  leased  by 
C  G.  Spencer,  who  employs  three  men.     The  streets  are  not  lighted  with  gas. 


SCHOOLS. 

[The  following  sketch  of  the  Marshalltown  schools,  which  are  famous  in 
the  State  for  their  excellence,  is  furnished  for  this  work  by  a  gentleman  long  a 
resident  of  the  city,  who  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  their  history,  although 
not  connected  with  them  in  school  work. — Editor.] 

Some  of  the  records  of  the  early  history  of  the  Independent  District  of 
Marshalltown,  with  the  organization  of  which  this  history  is  to  commence,  are 
imperfect.  But  the  city  was  separated  from  the  adjacent  territory  and  became 
independent  in  the  Spring  of  1864.  At  the  regular  election  in  March,  1864, 
the  first  Board  of  Directors  was  chosen,  and  was  composed  of  the  following 
persons  :  President,  H.  C.  Henderson  ;  Vice  President,  G.  R.  Dewey  ;  Secre- 
tary, T.  W.  Hazen ;  Treasurer,  Geo.  Glick  ;  Directors,  N.  F.  Yeamans,  Wm. 
Johnson,  J.  H.  Smith. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  appears  by  the  record  to  have  been  held 
March  18,  1864.  The  President,  H.  C.  Henderson,  having  been  elected  while 
absent  at  Des  Moines  attending  upon  the  Senate,  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
and  not  yet  having  returned,  George  R.  Dewey,  Vice  President,  presided  at 
this  first  meeting,  as  also  at  the  two  following  meetings  March  26th  and  April 
14th.  We  find  by  the  report  of  the  Secretary,  the  Board  were  informed  that 
the  services  of  T.  N.  Tucker,  as  Principal  for  the  Independent  District  School 
of  Marshalltown,  could  be  had  at  a  salary  of  $700  per  year,  and  on  motion  of 
the  Secretary,  the  Directors  were  instructed  to  immediately  enter  into  a  con- 
tract with  said  T.  N.  Tucker  upon  the  above  terras.  At  this  meeting  a  motion 
was  also  carried  instructing  the  Directors  to  lay  side-walks  in  front  of  the 
school  house,  and  also  to  build  a  six-foot  platform  walk  in  front  of  the  build- 
ing. At  this  meeting  a  motion  was  carried  to  plant  shade  trees  in  the 
grounds  around  the  school  building.  The  wide-spreading  branches  of  the 
beautiful  trees  that  now  make  so  attractive  the  school  grounds,  attest  the 
wisdom  and  forethought  of  the  men  who  composed  the  School  Board  at  that 
time. 

During  the  years  1864  and  1865,  the  first  School  Board  elected  for  the 
Independent  District  remained  in  office.  The  services  of  Mr.  T.  W.  Tucker 
were  retained  as  principal,  with  an  advance  in  salary  of  $300  in  the  year  1865, 
over  that  of  the  previous  year.  The  wages  of  the  entire  corps  of  teachers 
were  raised,  the  system  of  grading  the  schools  was  begun,  public  examinations 
inaugurated,  and  the  schools  ran  up  to  a  higher  standard  of  excellence  than 
ever  before.     In  the  year  1864,  we  find  the  number  of  persons  between  the 


HISTORY'  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  487 

:ages  of  five  and  twenty-one  in   tlie  district  to  be  545 ;    the  number  enrolled 
upon  the  school  record,  355;  the  average  attendance,  205. 

In  the  year  1866,  Thomas  Benton  was  elected  President  of  the  Board. 
The  following  were  the  members  of  the  School  Board  at  that  time  :  President. 
T.  H.  Benton;  Vice  President,  Jabez  Banbury;  Secretary,  A.  C.  Abbott; 
Treasurer,  George  Glick  ;  Directors,  T.  J.  White,  A.  Loree. 

This  Board  continued  until  1868.  During  the  year  1868,  Dr.  Glick  and  Mr. 
Benton  were  appointed  to  sell  the  school  building  then  occupied,  and  fix  upon 
ground  for  another.  Many  of  the  citizens  were  opposed  to  the  move,  and  much 
opposition  developed.  The  then  acting  Board  was  thrown  up  and  a  new  Board 
elected,  as  follows  :  President,  T.  J.  Wilson;  Secretary,  Thos.  Mercer;  Treasurer, 
Jabez  Banbury  ;  Directors,  D.  W.  Cunningham,  E.  N.  Chapin,  B.  T.  Frederick. 

In  the  Fall  of  1866,  Prof.  T.  W.  Tucker  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  J.  s! 
Mabie,  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago  University,  a  ripe  scholar  and  experienced 
teacher,  who  conducted  the  schools  with  much  skill  and  ability,  and  took  a  very 
active  part  in  the  contest  between  what  was  known  as  the  "Central  School" 
and  the  "Ward  School"  factions,  Mr.  Mabie  following  the  Central  Schools. 
This  faction  being  defeated  by  the  election  of  the  above-named  ofiicers,  who 
were  opposed  to  him  and  to  his  system,  he  resigned  in  the  Spring  of  1868,  and 
Prof.  P.  M.  Sutton,  who  had  for  several  years  been  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
the  Iowa  Lutheran  College,  was  unanimously  elected  by  the  new  board,  as  Pro- 
fessor Mabie's  successor. 

Prof.  Mabie  remained  in  the  city  for  several  years,  and  although  not  in  anv 
way  connected  with  the  schools,  yet  always  took  a  very  active  interest  in  every- 
thing that  pertained  to  their  welfare,  and  showed  a  manly  lack  of  that  jealousy 
which  too  often  is  shown  by  teachers  who  are  obliged  to  give  way  for  others. 

Soon  after  Mr.  Sutton's  election  as  Superintendent  of  the  Schools,  Prof 
T.  J.  Wilson,  who  was  then  County  Superintendent  as  well  as  President  of  the 
School  Board,  was  drowned,  while  visiting  schools  in  the  county.  The  death 
of  Prof.  Wilson  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  schools  in  Marshalltown,  as  well  as  to 
the  public  school  interests  of  the  county  generally.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  and  was  for  many  years  a  Professor  in  the  Iowa  Lutheran  Col- 
lege ;  for  several  years  the  County  Superintendent,  and  one  term  Representa- 
tive for  Marshall  County,  to  the  Iowa  Legislature.  He  was  known  throughout 
the  State,  as  an  educator  of  great  culture  and  high  rank.  Upon  his  death,  the 
Board  elected  Mr.  Sutton  to  fill  the  vacancy  thus  occasioned,  and  he  thereby 
jpecame  President  of  the  School  Board,  as  well  as  Superintendent  of  the  Schools. 

The  general  management  of  the  schools,  the  employment  of  teachers,  and 
the  janitors,  and  the  whole  responsibility  of  the  schools,  was  thrown  upon  Mr. 
Sutton  by  the  Board.  Meetings  of  the  Board  were  seldom  had,  and  then  about 
all  they  did  was  to  approve  all  the  acts  of  their  President  and  Superintendent. 
After  the  first  term  of  Mr.  Sutton's  administration,  there  was  a  general  change 
made  in  the  policy  of  the  schools,  as  well  as  in  teachers.  He  secured  the  serv- 
ices of  Miss  Abbie  Giftbrd,  who  was  then  teaching  a  select  school  in  the  city, 
with  great  success,  and  who  had  formally  taught  in  the  famous  public  schools 
of  Racine,  Wis.,  and  was  generally  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  practical  and 
successful  educators  in  the  State.  Miss  Gifford  has  since  been  County  Super- 
intendent of  Marshall  County  for  four  years,  and  has  organized  and  conducted 
the  most  successful  Normal  Schools  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Sutton  also  secured  the  services  of  Miss  Anna  Perry,  now  Mrs.  Samuel 
Hull,  a  teacher  who  had  had  years  of  experience  in  graded  schools  ;  and  gener- 
ally none  were  employed  but  the  ablest  and  most  experienced  teachers. 


4^8  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Mr.  Sutton  remained  Principal  of  the  schools  for  two  years  and  a  half,  and 
it  may  be  truly  said  that  the  public  schools  of  Marshalltown  were  never  sa 
generally  popular  before,  and  have  never  been  more  popular  since.  A  Liter- 
ary Society  was  formed  in  connection  with  the  schools,  known  as  the  "Wilson- 
ian  Society,"  being  named  after  the  Hon.  T.  J.  Wilson.  This  Society  pro- 
cured a  large  library,  and  its  exercises  every  Saturday  night  Avere  attended  by 
our  citizens  generally,  the  house  usually  being  crowded  to  witness  the  enter- 
tainments the  Society  gave.  Many  of  the  young  men  who  attended  school  at 
that  time,  and  who  were  members  of  this  Society,  now  occupy  responsible  po- 
sitions of  trust  and  business  in  this  county  and  State. 

In  the  Summer  of  1870,  Mr.  Sutton  refused  a  contract  tendered  him  by 
the  Board,  for  the  two  years  following,  at  $2,000  a  year — to  become  a  candi- 
date for  Clerk  of  the  Courts  of  Marshall  County,  but  before  resigning,  procured 
the  appointment  of  Prof  Charles  Robinson,  of  De  Witt,  as  his  successor. 

Prof.  Robinson  was  one  of  the  most  successful  organizers  the  schools  of 
Marshalltown  ever  had. 

But  his  system  was  an  exceedingly  rigid  one,  and  at  last  gave  dissatisfaction 
to  a  certain  class  of  patrons  who  expect  their  children  to  be  educated  without 
any  effort  upon  their  part,  or  the  part  of  their  parents,  and  with  this  class  Mr. 
Robinson  became  very  unpopular.  In  the  Summer  of  1873,  after  three  years 
of  most  unremitting  and  successful  labor,  he  resigned  his  position  as  Superin- 
tendent. 

The  School  Board  then  elected  Mr.  W.  P.  Burdick  to  succeed  Mr.  Robinson. 
Mr.  Burdick  was  before,  and  has  proved  himself  since,  a  very  successful  teacher  ; 
but  as  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  a  city  like  Marshalltown,  he  was  not  alto- 
gether successful,  especially  as  succeeding  so  able  a  Superintendent  as  Mr» 
Robinson,  and  in  1874,  Mr.  Burdick  severed  his  connection  with  the  schools, 
which  were  left  without  a  Superintendent. 

At  the  Spring  election  in  1874,  there  was  a  general  disposition  to  elect  a 
Board  that  would  spare  no  pains  to  place  the  schools  upon  a  sound  footing,  and 
P.  M.  Sutton  and  J.  M.  Parker,  both  of  Avhom  had  been  strong  and  earnest 
supporters  of  Mr.  Robinson  during  his  three  years  of  administration,  were 
elected  Directors  without  any  particular  opposition.  As  soon  as  they  were 
elected,  Mr.  Sutton  was  chosen  President  of  the  new  Board,  and  took  general 
supervision,  although  without  any  compensation,  of  the  government  of  the 
schools,  during  the  term  following  Mr.  Burdick's  retirement,  and  when  there 
was  no  Superintendent. 

Mr.  Sutton  and  Mr.  Parker  were  by  the  Board  appointed  a  special  com- 
mittee to  correspond  with  school  Superintendents,  and  to  visit  School  Boards 
and  to  do  whatever  else  they  deemed  necessary  for  the  selection  of  a  competent 
Superintendent. 

They  corresponded  largely  and  visited  most  of  the  leading  schools  in  the 
State,  and  as  a  final  result  of  their  efforts,  procured  the  election  of  Prof.  C.  P. 
Rogers,  of  Marengo,  Iowa,  who  had  been  Superintendent  of  the  schools  in  that 
city  for  five  successive  years,  and  who  had  to  refuse  an  election  by  the  School 
Board  of  Marengo,  for  two  more  years,  at  $1,500  a  year,  in  order  to  accept  the 
position  of  Superintendent  of  the  Marshalltown  schools. 

A  contract  was  made  with  Mr.  Rogers  for  three  years,  and  there  was  a 
general  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  Board  to  place  the  schools  wholly  in  his 
hands,  and  the  responsibility  of  their  Avelfare  wholly  upon  his  shoulders.  He 
accepted  the  situation  and  the  responsibility.  He  has  been  successful  beyond 
all  expectation ;  and  after  four  years  of  most  untiring  labor,  has  placed  the 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUUTY.  489 

schools  of  Marshall  town  among  the  very  first  graded  schools  of  the  country. 
We  doubt  if  they  have  an  equal  in  the  State  of  Iowa  for  thoroughness  of 
■discipline,  for  elasticity  of  system  and  for  practical  results. 

Prof.  Rogers  is  wholly  and  entirely  an  educator.  He  lives  in  the  school- 
room, seeks  little  society  outside  of  his  pupils  and  his  teachers,  and  takes  little 
interest  in  anything  except  that  which  pertains  to  the  welfare  of  the  schools 
and  the  general  interests  of  education.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity, and  has  been  President  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association  ;  has  conducted 
normal  schools  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  and  is  generally  acknowledged  as 
one  of  the  foremost  public  school  men  of  the  West.  Firm  and  determined  and 
unyielding  in  what  he  seaks  to  accomplish,  he  is  yet  entirely  mindful  of  the 
wishes  and  sentiment  of  his  patrons,  and  only  seeks  to  find  what  the  general 
desire  of  the  community  is,  and  then  to  shape  his  plans  to  meet  chat  require- 
ment as  nearly  as  possible,  consistent  with  his  own  ideas  of  justice  and  right. 

The  general  feeling  that  is  becoming  wide  spread  throughout  the  country  in 
favor  of  more  practical  and  less  extended  courses  of  study  has  made  itself  felt 
in  the  Marshalltown  schools  as  well  as  elsewhere.  It  has  undoubtedly  mate- 
rially affected  the  Marshalltown  High  School,  which  had  one  of  the  most 
extensive  and  complete  courses  of  any  high  school  in  the  State. 

How  well  Prof.  Rogers  will  succeed  in  shaping  his  course  to  meet  this  new 
demand  is  yet  to  be  seen.  But  it  is  evident  that  the  people  of  Marshalltown 
have  no  disposition  to  give  up  Prof  Rogers,  even  though  disposed  to  curtail 
the  course  of  study,  as  they  have  full  confidence  that  he  Avill  be  as  successful  in 
shaping  the  schools  in  the  future  as  he  has  been  in  the  past. 

From  the  imperfect  state  of  the  records,  we  are  unable  to  furnish  a  full  report 
in  regard  to  attendance,  salaries,  number  of  teachers,  etc. ;  however,  it  will  be 
remembered  that  the  number  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21  in  the 
Independent  District  in  1864  was  545;  the  average  attendance,  205. 

For  the  years  as  given  below  we  find  the  number  of  pupils  between  the  ages 
of  5  and  21  to  be  : 

In  1871,  1,053;  1872,  1,101;  1873,1,101;  1874,1,203;  1875,1,250; 
1876,  1,447  ;  1877,  1,561;  1878,  1,604. 

During  these  years  the  average  attendance  was  :  1871,  468  ;  1872,  490  ; 
1873,  560;  1874,  668;  1875,611;  1876,  978;  1877,  1,128;  1878,   1,179. 

The  number  of  months'  school  for  each  year  was  ten  months  up  to  1873. 
From  that  time,  the  school  year  has  been  nine  months. 

During  the  first  two  years  after  the  organization  of  the  Independent  District 
of  Marshalltown,  only  four  teachers  were  required  to  instruct  the  youth  and 
"juvenile  insubordinates  "  of  our  city.  From  1866  the  number  of  teachers 
increased.  From  the  records  we  learn  the  number  of  teachers  to  be:  In  1871, 
11 :  1872, 12 ;  1873,  14 ;  1874.  15  ;  1875,  15  ;  1876,  15  ;  1877,  20 ;  1878,  22. 

We  have  gleaned  as  carefully  as  possible  from  the  sources  within  our  reach 
facts  and  figures  in  connection  with  the  public  schools  of  our  city.  We  will 
close  our  labors  on  the  history  of  Marshalltown  schools  by  giving  the  names  of 
the  teachers  who  have  been  employed  in  these  schools,  and  the  time  ;  the  first 
figures  giving  the  date  of  beginning ;  the  last,  the  close  of  the  labors  of  each. 

T.  W.  Tucker,  Superintendent,  March,  1864— April,  1866  ;  Mrs.  Jameson, 
March,  1864— April,  1866;  Miss  Jennie  Ball,  March,  1864— May,  1866; 
Annie  Giddings,  March,  1854 — April,  1865 :  Annie  Hickox,  April,  1865 — 
June,  1866  ;  Miss  S.  S.  Abbott,  April,  1865— June,  1866 ;  Belle  Webster, 
April,  1865— June,  1865;  Frona  Page,  April,  1866— June,  1866;  Kate 
Brainard,   April,  1866— June,    1867  ;  Nettie    Kilborn,    April,   1866— June, 


490  HISTOR\   OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

1867  ;  Abbie  C.  Davis,  April,  1866— June,  1868  ;  Mary  Williams,  April,. 
1866— June,  1868  ;  Mr.  Levi  Davis,  Principal,  April,  1866— March,  1867  ; 
Mrs.  Bovee,  September,  1865 — April,  1866  ;  Mrs.  L.  Abbott.  September, 
1866— December,  1866;  Mrs.  Ford,  December,  1866— June,  1867:  Mr.  J.  S. 
Mabie,  Principal,  March,  1867 — March,  1866  ;  P.  M.  Sutton,  Superintendent, 
March,  1868 — June,  1870;  Annie  E.  Perry,  September,  1867 — August, 
1870 ;  Lida  Noble,  September,  1867— June,  1868 ;  Miss  E.  E.  Treadwel, 
September,  1867 — June,  1867  ;  Miss  E.  E.  Nash,  September  1867— February, 

1868  ;  Sadie  E.  Swan,  February,  1868— June,  1868  ;  Mr.  M.  C.  Lamprey, 
March,  1868 — June,  186*J ;  Abbie  Giffbrd,  Principal,  September,  1862 — June, 
1870;  Susan  Gould,  September,  1868 — June,  1869;  Lucy  Smith,  September, 
1868 — June,  1871  ;  Mary  A.  Gotham,  September,  1868— June.  1871;  Mattie 
Benedict,  September,  1868 — December,  1870  ;  Jennie  Smith,  September, 
1868— June,  1869;  Hattie  Sutton,  September,  1868— June.  1869;  Ada 
McNitt,  April,  1868 — April,  1876;  Kittie  E.  Gilbert,  September,  1868 — 
April,  1870;  Maggie  Hanna.  September,  1868 — June,  1871;  Miss  Heacox, 
September,  1868 — April,  1870;  Lida  Hanna,  January,  1870;  Mary  Fredric, 
April,  1870— June,  1873;  Mr.  Slocum,  April,  1870— Jnne,  1870;  Miss 
Lyman,  April,  1870 — June,  1870 ;  Charles  Robinson,  Superintendent,  Sep- 
tember, 1870 — June,  1873  ;  Miss  M.  Davis,  September,  1870 — June,  1871  ; 
Ellen  Shepherd,  September,  1870 — June,  1873  ;  Mary  Eastman,  September, 
1870 — June,  1871 ;  Jennie  Moore,  September,  1870 — December,  1870  ;  Asa 
J.  Rogers,  January,  1871 — February,  1871 ;  Mrs.  J.  H.  Peterson,  September, 
1870 — June,  1878  ;  Kate  Hudson,  January,  1871 — June,  1871  ;  Jennie  San- 
ford,  February,  1871— March,  1871 ;  Miss  Webb,  December,  1871— March, 
1872;  Phebe  Lamson,  September,  1871 — March,  1871;  Maud  Rumsey, 
March,  1869 — January,  1873;  Emma  Orvis,  December,  1870 — March,  1871; 
Miss  Shoemaker,  March,  1871 — June,  1871 ;  Miss  Cressey,  December,  1870 
— March,  1871  ;  Mary  Robinson,  September,  1871 — June,  1873  ;  Carrie  E. 
Jones,  September,  1871 — June,  1873  ;  Gertie  A.  Keeth,  September,  1871 — 
June,  1873;  Charity  Willrie,  September,  1872— June,  1873;  Nellie  M. 
Weeks,  March,  1871 — June,  1873;  Annie  L.  Brown,  September,  1871  — 
December,  1873;  Anna  M.  Jackson,  September,  1872 — June,  1873;  Nannie 
Anderson,  September,  1872 — June,  1873  ;  Octavia  Fields,  September,  1872 
— June,  1873  ;  Henry  Deymeyer,  January,  1873 — June,  1873  ;  W.  P.  Bur- 
dick,  Superintendent,  September,  1873 — March,  1874 ;  Mrs.  VV.  P.  Burdick, 
September,  1873 — June,  1874;  Mrs.  C.  R.  Dorset,  September,  1873 — Decem- 
ber, 1873;  Miss  S.  J.  Hinman,  September,  1873 — December.  1873  ;  Miss  E. 
M.  Rumsey,  September,  1873 — December,  1873  ;  Miss  K.  E.  Deming,  Septem- 
ber, 1873— June,  1876;  Miss  S.  A.  Bailey,  September,  1873— June,  1876; 
Miss  L.  L.  Harableton,  September,  1873 — June,  1874 ;  Miss  B.  S.  Kennedy, 
September,  1873 — June,  1878  ;  Miss  S.  A.  Young,  September,  1873 — Jan- 
uary, 1874  ;  Miss  L.  Lee,  September,  1873 — March,  1874  ;  Mrs.  Van  Brackle, 
September,  1873 — June,  1874  ;  Miss  E.  T.  Stewart,  October,  1873 — March, 
1874  ;  Miss  Forbes,  October,  1873 — June,  1876  ;  Mr.  D.  N.  Norris,  Januaw, 
1874— March,  1874 ;  Miss  M.  A.Turner,  January,  1874— March,  1874; 
Miss  N.  M.  Dick,  January,  1874— March,  1874  ;  Miss  Nellie  Hay,  January, 
1874— June,  1875  ;  Mrs.  H.  H.  Bacon,  April,  1874— June,  1874  ;  Ransom 
Babcock,  April,  1874 — June,  1874;  C.  P.  Rogers,  Superintendent,  September, 
1874  ;  Mrs.  C.  P.  Rogers,  September,  1874— June,  1875 ;  Mr.  C.  H.  Carroll, 
September,  1874 — June,  1875;  Mrs.  C.  H.  Carroll,  September,  1874 — June, 
1875 ;  Miss  Mary  E.  Lamson,   September,  1874 — August,  1876 ;  Miss  Ella 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  491 

Cleaves,  September,  1874— June,  1877;  Miss  F.  M.  English,  September,  1874 
—June,  1877 ;  Mr.  P.  N.  Miller,  October,  1874— June,  1875  ;  Miss  Julia  Por- 
ter, October,  1874 — June,  1875  ;  Miss  Mattie  Clinton,  January,  1875 — March, 
1875;  Miss  Carrie  Trine,  October,  1874 — December,  1874;  Miss  Lyde  Reed, 
September,  1875  ;  Emma  Smith,  September,  1875 — June,  1877;  Kate  Dem- 
ing,  September,  1876 — June,  1877  ;  A,  F.  Abbott,  September,  1876 — June, 
1877  ;  May  Willigrod,  September,  1876 — March,  1877  ;  Sarah  Bailey,  Septem- 
ber, 1876 — June,  1877  ;  Electa  Rumsey,  September,  1876  ;  Mary  McFarland, 
September,  1876 ;  Mary  Forbes,  September,  1876 — June,  1877  ;  H.  Z.  Aus- 
tin, September,  1876 — March,  1877  ;  Kate  N.  Tupper,  September,  1876  ;  Mrs. 
E.  N.  Oskerday,  May,  1877  ;  Nancy  Wills,  March,  1877— June,  1877;  Emma 
Stuart,  March,  1877 — June,  1877  ;  Lizzie  Whealen,  March,  1877 — June,  1877  ; 
Martha  Breckbill,  September,  1877 — June,  1878;  Mary  Hartman,  September, 

1877  ;  Helen  Ashbrook,  September,  1877 ;  Hattie  Holmes,  September,  1877  : 
Mary  E.  Davison,  September,  1877  ;  Cordia  Statler,  September,  1877 — June, 

1878  ;  E.  E.  Sears,  September,  1877— June,  1878 ;  Mary  E.  Harbison, 
September,  1877 — June,  1878 ;  Delia  Weaver,  September,  1877  ;  Mrs.  A. 
Marston,  September,  1877  ;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Woods,  September,  1877 — November, 
1877 ;  Helen  J.  Smith,  September,  1877 — June,  1878 ;  Cora  Parkhurst, 
September,  1877 ;  A.  N.  Canfield,  September,  1877 — November,  1877 ; 
Jessie  Brown,  September,  1877 — November,  1877;  Annie  Somers,  Septem- 
ber, 1877 — March,  1878  ;  Sarah  Thompson,  September,  1877 — November. 
1877. 

The  new  teachers  employed  in  1878  are  M.  E.  Tillotson,  Carrie  Lang, 
Jennie  Rudolph,  Mary  E.  Wilson,  Hannah  Hollingshead  (four  months),  Josie 
Johnson  (two  months),  L.  J.  Hanscom  (seven  months),  Mrs.  M.  C.  Hoy  (six 
months). 

The  names  show'ng  but  one  date  are  of  those  who  are  still  employed  in  the 
schools. 

The  school  buildings  are  four  in  number,  located  in  the  four  several  wards. 
The  High  School  Department  is  carried  on  in  the  First  Ward  building,  a  sub- 
stantial brick  structure,  erected  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  $7,770.  There  is  a  library 
of  between  400  and  500  volumes,  and  a  beginning  made  toward  a  collection  of 
philosophical  apparatus. 

The  High  School  Department  holds  high  rank  in  the  State  for  its  thorough 
system  and  excellent  management.  The  several  lower  grades  are  as  well  sus- 
tained as  those  in  any  town  in  Iowa.  Marshalltown  has  just  reason  to  be  proud 
of  her  public  schools. 

^  MILITARY. 

Company  C^  First  Independent  Battalion,  was  organized  April  2,  1878,  with 
John  C.  Bell  for  Captain  ;  Justus  Canfield,  First  Lieutenant ;  J.  Howard  Pear- 
son, Second  Lieutenant.  About  the  1st  of  July,  Capt.  Bell  was  promoted  to 
Major,  J.  Canfield  to  Captain,  J.  Howard  Pearson  to  First  Lieutenant  and  W. 
W.  Woods  to  Second  Lieutenant.  August  3,  Capt.  Canfield  and  First  Lieut. 
Pearson  resigned.  Byron  A.  Bunn  was  elected  Captain  and  Second  Lieut. 
Woods  to  First  Lieutenant.  The  Company  had  thirty-one  men  Capt. 
Bunn  enlisted  seventeen  more  men  the  7th  of  August,  making  the  Com- 
pany's entire  number  to-day  two  commissioned  officers  and  forty-eight  non- 
commissioned officers,  musicians  and  privates.  They  have  fifty  stand  of  Spring- 
field breech-loading  rifles  complete,  and  thirty-two  regulation  dress  uniforms. 
The  Company  is  becoming  proficient  in  drill  and  destined  to  be  one  of  the  best 
companies  in  the  State. 


492  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  Gerhart  Light  Artillery. — In  the  Summer  of  1872,  at  a  Quarter- 
master's sale  of  Government  arms  and  ordnance,  at  the  Rock  Island  Arsenal, 
the  Hon.  Harry  Gerhart,  then  County  Treasurer  of  Marshall  County,  pur- 
chased a  U.  S.  0-pounder  iron  field  gun,  mounted  on  a  10-pounder  Parrott  gun- 
carriage,  with  limber  and  limber  chest,  at  a  cost  of  $75.  This  was  the  first 
regulation  ordnance  brought  to  this  city,  or  into  the  county.  No  equipments 
accompanied  the  gun ;  but  these  were  afterward  obtained  by  0.  L.  Aldrich,  into 
whose  care  the  gun  was  placed  soon  after  its  arrival.  Previous  to  this,  the  citi- 
zens had.  by  contribution,  raised  funds  and  had  manufactured  two  other  small 
guns,  by  parties  engaged  in  iron  founding  in  this  city.  The  first  of  these  was 
cast  by  Mr.  Chester  Heald.  This  gun,  like  its  successor,  was  cast  solid,  and 
having  no  facility  for  boring  it  out,  Mr.  Heald  drilled  the  bore  of  the  gun  by 
hand.  It  afterward  burst  while  firing  a  4th  of  July  salute.  In  1870,  Messrs. 
Lockwood  &  Frederick  cast  another  gun,  weighing  about  seven  hundred 
pounds,  with  two-inch  bore.  This  was  known  as  the  Seager  gun,  and  remained 
in  Marshalltown  until  July,  1873,  when  it  was  removed  to  Gilman. 

The  first  use  of  the  Gerhart  gun,  as  it  was  called,  was  the  firing  of  a  colo- 
nial salute  on  the  occasion  of  a  political  meeting,  the  second  held  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  during  the  campaign  of  Grant  and  Greeley.  The  gun  was  handled 
by  0.  L.  Aldrich  as  Xo.  1  and  2  ;  by  Hastings  as  No,  4  and  8,  and  by  Cloud 
Brock  as  No.  3  and  4  and  Gunner,  The  second  salute  fired  by  the  gun  was  in 
honor  of  the  presence  of  Gov,  0.  C.  Carpenter  at  a  political  meeting  ;  the  third 
was  a  national  (thirty-eight  guns)  in  honor  of  the  re-election  of  President  Grant : 
and  the  fourth  was  the  firing  of  a  national  salute  on  the  morning  of  July 
4th,  1873. 

On  the  event  of  the  first  harvest  feast  giverf  by  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry 
and  citizens  of  Marshalltown,  October  1,  1873,  it  was  desired  to  have  several 
salutes  fired  during  the  day.  In  order  that  this  might  be  properly  done,  0.  L. 
Aldrich  commenced  the  organization  and  drill  of  a  gun  detachment,  composed 
of  the  following  persons :  0.  L.  Aldrich,  Acting  Gunner,  and  Corporals  John 
Swanstrom,  T.  E.  Mann,  John  Anderson,  Robert  W.  Kelley,  Frank  A.  Nord- 
strom, C.  S,  Hickox,  John  Linn  and  Charles  Hanson.  In  the  interval  between 
the  commencement  and  completion  of  this  detachment,  there  appeared  in  the 
Marshall  Times  a  programme  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  and  Citizens'  Com- 
mittee for  the  day,  in  which  it  was  announced  that  the  "  Gerhart  Light  Artillery 
Company  '  would  form  an  important  feature  of  the  occasion.  No  one  was  more 
surprised  by  this  announcement  than  was  Mr.  Aldrich,  who  was  named  as  Cap- 
tain, since  the  idea  of  a  regularly  organized  artillery  company  had  never  occurred 
to  him.  Put  thus  in  a  place  of  prominence,  he  set  to  work  to  make  his  title 
clear,  called  a  meeting  of  the  detachment,  considered  the  question,  and  decided 
that  everybody  go  to  work  in  earnest.  And,  in  consequence,  on  the  1st  day  of 
October,  1873,  the  "  Gerhart  Light  Artillery  "  appeared  in  the  procession,  in 
two  detachments,  numbering  twenty-six  men,  with  0.  L.  Aldrich  acting  as 
Captain,  Oscar  Hartwell  as  First  Sergeant  and  Ed.  Van  Schaick  as  Second 
Sergeant,  and  they  made  a  very  commendable  appearance,  and  went  through 
their  evolutions  in  a  praiseworthy  manner.  At  the  close  of  the  day,  they  par- 
took of  an  oyster  supper  at  R.  Yogle's  restaurant,  as  the  guests  of  Hon.  Harry 
Gerhart. 

After  this,  they  were  solicited  by  many  prominent  citizens  to  continue  the 
organization,  whereupon  the  Acting  Captain  called  a  meeting  of  the  Company, 
which  was  held  at  the  engine  house  of  Rescue  No.  2.  A  Constitution  and  By- 
Laws  were  adopted,  0.  L.  Aldrich  was  elected  Captain  and  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  First 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  493 

Lieutenant.  Matters  moved  on  very  quietly  with  the  new  company,  until  the 
time  of  the  Yirginius  afiair,  when  their  patriotism  and  resentment  were  so 
aroused  that  they  offered  their  services  to  the  Governor  of  the  State.  This 
tender  of  services  was  accepted  by  the  Governor  and  Adjutant  General  Baker, 
subject  to  the  call  of  the  President.  Thereupon  the  Company  was  fully  re  or- 
ganized at  the  military  headquarters  of  the  State,  and  commissions  issued  to  0. 
L.  Aldrich,  as  Captain,  and  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  as  First  Lieutenant,  to  take  rank 
from  December  8,  1873.  At  that  time  there  were  forty-two  names  on  the  roll. 
Happily  their  services  were  not  required  at  this  time,  yet  they  have  seen  some- 
thing of  active  work.  During  the  labor  and  railroad  riots  of  1877,  they  did 
most  efficient  and  welcome  service  as  patrol  to  the  city  and  surrounding  country, 
which  was  then  infested  with  a  lawless  band  of  tramps.  There  have  been  some 
obstacles  in  their  way,  but  on  the  whole  their  organization  has  been  a  prosper- 
ous one.  The  present  officers  are  :  Orville  L.  Aldrich,  Captain  ;  L.  E.  B.  Holt, 
First  Senior  Lieutenant;  Henry  C.  Mack,  First  Junior  Lieutenant;  Elam 
N.  Williams,  Second  Senior  Lieutenant ;  Winfield  Tipton,  Second  Junior 
Lieutenant. 

BANDS. 

The  First  Regiment  Band. — This  Band,  which  was  originally  the  Marshall 
Cornet  Band,  has  been  thoroughly  re-org^nized  by  the  present  Instructor,  Prof. 
G.  M.  Bice,  who  took  charge  in  June,  1877.  The  Band  had  then  fourteen 
members,  only  one  of  whom  still  remains  a  member. 

An  election  of  officers  was  held  in  June,  1877,  and  Prof.  Bice  was  elected 
Instructor  ;  D.  K.  McKnight,  Secretary,  and  Frank  Bentler,  Treasurer.  The 
Band  at  once  ordered  uniforms,  which  were  completed  and  worn  for  the  first 
time  on  Christmas,  1877. 

In  the  Spring  of  1878.  at  a  convention  of  officers  of  the  First  Regiment, 
held  at  Cedar  Rapids,  April  23,  1878,  a  motion  was  unanimously  carried  that 
Bice's  Band  be  appointed  the  band  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Infantry,  I.  N. 
G.,  and  Thomas  McElroy  was  commissioned  Drum  Major.  It  now  numbers 
eighteen  members,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  best  in  the  State. 

Holladay' s  Band. — This  Band  was  organized  in  November,  1876,  under 
the  name  of  Bohn  Boys'  Band,  with  W  H.  Bohn  as  Leader.  The  Band  or- 
ganized with  fourteen  members,  and  has  been  increased  to  seventeen.  Bohn 
led  the  Band  up  to  the  Spring  of  1875,  when  he  retired,  and  E.  G.  Holladay, 
of  Jefferson,  Iowa,  was  secured  as  a  Leader,  and  the  name  was  changed  to  Hol- 
laday's  Band.  In  1877,  the  members  were  uniformed,  the  uniforms  being  pur- 
chased in  New  York  City. 

In  August,  1878,  the  Band  received  the  appointment  as  Division  Band  of 
the  First  Division  I.  N.  G. 

The  officers  are :  E.  S.  Jones,  Drum  Major ;  H.  McNeeley,  Leader  and 
Treasurer  ;  A.  N.  Parrett,  Secretary. 

A    PATRIOTIC    DOG. 

The  entire  country  knows  of  the  celebrated  war  eagle,  "  Old  Abe ;  "  but  the 
public  is  less  familiar  with  the  equally  meritorious  conduct  of  the  war  dog, 
''  Old  Doc,"  who  passed  through  the  rebellion  with  the  Twenty-third  Iowa  In- 
fantry. We  quote  the  obituary  notice  given  him  in  the  Marshall  County 
Times,  December  30,  1875 : 

"  The  old  army  dog,  '  Doc,'  is  dead.  He  went  to  the  wars  with  Company 
K  (Capt.  F.  J.  Woodbury),  Twenty-third  Regiment.  He  enlisted  with  the  bal- 
ance of  the  company  in  1862,  accompanying  it  through  all  its  meanderings,  and 


494  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

participating  in  all  its  encounters,  the  principal  ones  being  Fort  Gibson,  Miss.» 
Champion  Hills,  Black  River  Bridge,  Vicksburg,  Milliken's  Bend,  Mobile, 
Ala.,  and  others,  receiving  a  wound  by  a  shell  at  Fort  Gibson,  which  dis- 
abled him  for  three  weeks  ;  but  he  bore  his  sufferings  with  all  the  heroism  of  a 
veteran  soldier. 

''  He  was  discharged  from  the  service  with  the  regiment,  at  Harrysburg, 
Texas,  in  the  Fall  of  18G5,  returning  to  Davenport,  where  he  bade  a  final  adieu 
to  the  members  of  the  company,  and  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Marshall 
County,  with  his  master  and  companion,  David  Inman,  of  Le  Grand,  to  spend 
his  days  in  peace  and  quiet,  and  go  to  his  reward  in  a  restored  nation. 

'•  At  the  re-union  in  Des  Moines,  Mr.  Inman  took  the  venerable  old 
wounded  '  Doc '  with  him,  and  he  was  recognized  and  caressed  by  thousands  of 
old  veterans,  who  had  not  forgotten  the  many  pleasant  and  unpleasant  times 
they  had  passed  together  on  the  battle  field  and  in  camp. 

"  'Old  Doc'  seemed  to  remember  his  friends,  and  was  as  much  pleased  to  see 
them  and  talk  through  his  tail  as  the  boys  were  to  see  and  greet  him. 

"  Gen.  Sherman  saw  the  old  veteran  at  Des  Moines  and  remembered  him, 
giving  him  his  hand  and  words  of  greeting.  '  Old  Doc  '  looked  up  at  him  with 
affection  and  reverence,  and  doubtless  recalled  the  many  times  he  had  seen  the 
General  and  his  staff  sweep  over  the  field  of  strife. 

"S'nce  his  return  he  has  had  the  misfortune  to  meet  with  two  or  three  acci- 
dents, which  doubtless  shortened  his  days.  He  passed  to  his  residence  on  the 
14th  of  December,  1875,  and  was  buried  in_Mr.  Inman's  Grove,  with  all  the  so- 
lemnity which  would  have  been  accorded  any  of  the  veterans  themselves. 

" '  Old  Doc '  and  '  Old  Abe,'  the  Wisconsin  war  eagle,  will  pass  down  in  his- 
tory little  less  famous  than  the  members  of  the  regiments  themselves.  These  two 
old  veterans  met  at  Mobile,  and  were  known  throughout  the  army." 

SECRET    SOCIETIES. 

Marshall  Lodge^  No.  108,  A.,  F.  ^f  A.  M. — Instituted  under  a  dispensa- 
tion from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Iowa  June  3,  1857,  with  the  following-named 
charter  members :  B.  J.  Blaney,  Samuel  Windren,  W.  P.  Hepburn,  George 
Glick,  A.  F.  Ewing,  A.  M.  Anson,  A.  M.  Wilson  and  H.  A.  Gerhart.  First 
officers  :  B.  J.  Blaney,  W.  M.  ;  S.  Windren,  S.  W. ;  W.  P.  Hepburn,  J.  W. ; 
A.  M.  Anson,  Treasurer ;  H.  A.  Gerhart,  Secretary ;  George  Glick,  S.  D.  : 
A.  F.  Ewing,  J.  D.  ;  Benjamin  Cook,  Tiler.  Present  officers  :  R.  S.  McMurry, 
W.  M.  ;  B.  A.  Beeson,  S.  W.  ;  H.  C.  Henderson,  J.  W. ;  George  Glick, 
Treasurer;  C.  W.  Fracker,  Secretary  ;  H.  L.  Merriman,  S.  D. ;  T.  S.  Dart, 
J.  D. ;  J.  F.  Upson,  Tiler.     Membership,  130. 

Signet  Chapter,  No.  88,  R.  A.  M. — Organized  August  10,  1867,  under  a 
dispensation  bearing  date  July  10,  1867.  Charter  members:  M.  J.  Bundy, 
Andrew  Legge,  J.  Lee  Knight,  B.  W.  Johnson,  Gilbert  Smith,  E.  Sweetland, 
Thomas  Mercer,  H.  J.  Bishop,  Charles  E.  Bromley,  J.  E.  Everist,  E.  F.  Hill, 
Thomas  H.  Benton.  First  officers  :  ^l.  J.  Bundy,  M.  E.  H.  P.  ;  Andrew 
Legge,  E.  K. ;  J.  L.  Knight,  E.  S.  ;  E.  Sweetland,  C.  of  H. ;  R.  M.  John- 
son, R.  A.  C.  ;  Thomas  Mercer,  P.  S. ;  J.  C.  Everist,  Treasurer  ;  Thomas 
Mercer,  Secretary  ;  E.  F.  Hill,  Sentinel ;  H.  J.  Bishop,  G.  M.  3d  V.  ;  C.  E. 
Bromley,  G.  M.  2d  V.  ;  Gilbert  Smith,  G.  M.  1st  V.  Present  officers  :  A.  C. 
Sherwood,  H.  P.  ;  J.  F.  Upson,  E.  K. ;  M.  H.  Ellis,  E.  S.  ;  M.  Armbruster, 
Treasurer ;  C  W.  Fracker,  Secretary ;  B.  Webster,  C.  H. ;  J.  Forney,  P.  S.  ; 
George  Neal,  R.  A.  B.  ;  A.  Saddler,  G.  M.  3d  V.  ;  S.  D.  Vail,  G.  M.  2d  V.  ; 
J.  M.  Fullerton,  G.  M.  1st  V. ;  W.  H.  Libby,  Sentinel.     Membership,  eighty. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  495 

St.  Aldemar  Commandery,  No.  SO.  Knight  Templars. — Organized  under 
a  dispensation,  Oct.  16,  1876,  from  John  C.  Parish,  (J rand  Master  State  of 
Iowa.  Charter  members  :  N.  S.  Ketchum,  H.  S.  Halbert,  A.  C.  Atherton, 
John  W.  Clinton,  N.  M.  Stone,  Charles  C.  Gilman,  Charles  Gray,  J.  W.  Ful- 
lerton,  J.  F.  Upson,  A.  Russell,  J.  W.  Gilman,  \J.  A.  Richardson,  A.  A. 
Noyes,  F.  L.  Phettiplace,  John  Sherman,  P.  K.  Hayden,  George  T.  Craig, 
C.  M.  Boutin,  James  Hall,  R.  McCorn,  C.  H.  Norton,  B.  L.  Abbott.  First 
officers :  H.  S.  Halbert,  E.  C. ;  N.  S.  Ketchum,  G, ;  George  T.  Craig,  C  G.  ; 
J.  W.  Clinton,  P. ;  C.  C.  Gilman,  S.  W  ;  J.  W.  Fullerton,  J.  W.  ;  George 
Glick,  Treasurer;  C.  W.  Fracker,  Recorder:  George  S.  Hickox,  St.  B.  ; 
George  Kroger,  S.  B.  ;  J.  F.  Upson,  W.  ;  S.  F.  Boston,  Sentinel ;  J.  T. 
Turner,  1st  G. ;  J.  R.  Boulder,  2d  G. ;  H.  P.  Williams,  3d  G.  Present  offi- 
cers ;  H.  S.  Halbert,  E.  C.  ;  N.  S.  Ketchum,  G. ;  Charl'-s  Holmdael,  C.  G. ; 
G.  F.  Craig,  P. ;  George  Glick,  Treasurer ;  C.  W.  Fracker,  Recorder ;  C.  C. 
Gilman,  S.  W. ;  J.  N.  Fullerton,  J.  W.  ;  G.  S.  Hickox,  St.  B.  ;  G.  Kroger, 
Sn.  B.  ;  J.  F.  Upson,  W.  ;  S.  F.  Boston,  Sentinel ;  J.  F.  Turner,  1st  G. ;  J. 
K.  Boulder,  2d  G. ;  H.  P.  Williams,  3d  G.     Membership,  forty-five. 

King  Solomon  Council.,  No.  20. — Organized  under  dispensation  March  5, 
1873.  Charter  members :  Andrew  Legge,  A.  M.  Burchard,  George  Kroger, 
George  Neal,  C.  W.  Fracker,  Byron  Webster,  A.  C.  Sherwood,  M.  H.  Havi- 
land,  L.  D.  Connors,  J.  T.  Blackburn.  First  officers  :  Andrew  Legge,  T,  I. 
M.  ;  A.  M.  Burchard,  R.  I.  M.  ;  George  Neal,  P.  C.  W. ;  A.  C.  Sherwood, 
Recorder ;  M.  H.  Haviland,  C.  C.  ;  J.  Forney,  Steward ;  L.  D.  Connors, 
Sentinel.  Present  officers  :  B.  Webster,  T.  I.  M.  ;  R.  A.  McMurry,  R.  I.  M.  ; 
George  Neal,  P.  C.  W.  ;  L.  Armbruster,  Treasurer  ;  C.  W.  Fracker,  Recorder  ; 
J.  Forney,  C.  G. ;  H.  F.  Chase,  C.  C.  ;  J.  N.  Fullerton,  Steward ;  W.  H.  Sibley, 
Sentinel.     Membership,  forty-five. 

Banner  Lodge,  No.  123,  I.  0.  0.  F. — This  Lodge  was  instituted  under  a 
dispensation  Sept.  14,  1858,  by  R.  B.  Woodward,  G.  M.  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
and^  William  Garrett,  G.  S.  A  permanent  organization  was  not  eifected  until 
Oct.  13,  1858.  The  charter  of  Banner  Lodge  was  granted  the  14th  day  of 
October,  1858,  to  the  following-named  charter  members :  George  Keiler,  W. 
H.  Whaley,  Philip  McDaniels,  Jacob  Keiler,  William  H.  Howard.  The  first 
officers  of  the  Lodge  were  W.  H.  Whaley,  N.  G.;  Jacob  Reiler,  V.  G.;  Philip 
McDaniels,  Secretary  ;  William  Howard,  Treasurer.  Present  officers  :  James 
Chindstrand,  N.  G.;  C.  H.  Brock,  V.  G.;  R.  Lindsay,  Secretary;  John 
Jelfs,  Permanent  Secretary  ;  W.  T.  Treadwell,  Treasurer.  The  membership 
of  the  Lodge  numbers  about  one  hundred.     Meet  every  Tuesday  evening. 

Crocker  Encamjmient,  No.  31. — Established  January  5,  1866.  Charter 
granted  Oct.  20,  1869.  Charter  members,  R.  Howe  Taylor,  T.  A.  Lampman, 
John  Turner,  R.  Andrews,  L.  Armbruster,  J.  C.  Koener,  W.  W.  Warl.  First 
officers:  R.  Howe  Taylor,  C.  P.;  T.  A.  Lampman,  H.  P.;  John  Turner,  S. 
W.;  W.  W.  Warrock,  Scribe;  R.  Andrews,  Treasurer;  J.  C.  Koener,  J.  W. 
Present  officers :  C.  B.  Pinkhaem,  C.  P.;  M.  K.  Williams,  H.  P.;  T.  C. 
Smelser,  S.  W.;  Charles  Deesing,  Scribe;  W.  T.  Treadwell,  Treasurer;  Geo. 
L.  Canfield,  J.  W. 

G-oethe  Lodge,  No.  211,  I.  0.  0.  F.  (German) — This  Lodge  was  instituted 
Jan.  4,  1871,  by  D.  D.  G.  M.  C.  B.  Pinkham.  The  charter  was  granted  the 
19th  day  of  October,  1871,  by  John  Gundaker,  G.  M.,  and  William  Garrett, 
G.  S.,  to  the  following  charter  members :  J.  C.  Koener,  John  E.  Nestel.  D.  E. 
Ankeny,  C.  J.  Epenalter,  M.  Stern,  Simon  Stern,  L.  Armbruster,  E.  Berthald. 
—  Greenbaum,  —  Grumn.     First  officers  :  J.  C.  Koener,  N.  G.;  M.  Stern,  V. 


496  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

(t.;  C.  J.  Epenalter,  Secretary.  Present  officers:  F.  S.  Deichrick,  N.  G.; 
S.  Mickley,  V.  G.;  George  Bowneon,  Secretary;  F.  J.  Widl,  P.  S.;  C. 
Eucher,  Treasurer.     Membership,  fifty.     Meet  every  Wednesday  evening. 

A.  0.  U.  W. — This  society  was  organized  April  16,  1877.  The  charter 
was  granted  tlie  same  date  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  to  the 
following  named  charter  members :  Hiram  Willard,  H.  Greenbaum,  R.  C. 
Lindsay,  0.  M.  Lindsav.  M.  M.  Choate,  C.  L.  Carpenter,  George  Sowers,  L. 
E.  B.  Holt,  Oscar  Allen,  Philip  Burkhart,  M.  Ash,  W.  E.  Sargent,  N.  C. 
Nelson,  James  R.  Haines,  J.  D.  Vail,  James  Long,  Josep.i  Johnson,  Benjamin 
Jarvis,  Charles  P.  Cummings,  W.  E.  Snelling  and  Robert  J.  Vogle.  The 
society  held  their  first  meeting  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  their  present  location, 
and  elected  the  following  officers:  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  P.  M.  W.;  R.  C.  Lindsay, 
M.  W.;  James  Haines,  Foreman;  J.  D.  Vail,  0.;  J.  Long,  Recorder;  W.  E. 
Sargent,  Financier;  H.  Greenbaum,  Receiver;  M.  M.  Choate,  I.  W.;  P. 
Burkhart,  0.  W.  Present  officers :  J.  D.  Vail,  P.  M.  W.;  James  Haines,  M. 
W.:  Benjamin  Jarvis,  F.;  J.  M.  Gilchrist,  0.;  J.  T.  Dart,  G.:  L.  S.  Kilborn, 
Financier;  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  Recorder;  Henry  Rehm,  I.  W.;  —  Craig,  0.  W.; 
H.  Greenbaum,  Receiver ;  Drs.  Holt,  Long  and  Ward,  Medical  Examiners ; 
Representative  to  Grand  Lodge  since  the  organization,  L,  E.  B.  Holt,  Num- 
ber of  Master  Workmen,  seventy-six  ;  membership,  seventy-six.  The  society 
carry  S2,000  insurance  on  each  member.  The  society  is  in  a  strong  condition 
and  the  members  are  justly  proud  of  it. 

Cosmopolitan  Lodge,  No.  30,  Knights  of  Pythias. — Instituted  June  22, 
1876.  The  charter  members  and  first  officers  were  as  follows :  George  F. 
Valliant,  P.  C;  E.  H.  Hibben,  C.  C;  W.  T.  Treadwell,  V.  C;  N.  C.  Osborn, 
S.  P.;  A.  N.  French,  K.  of  R.  and  S.;  H.  L.  Getz,  M.  of  F.;  E.  R.  Jones, 
M.  of  E.;  N.  A.  Chapman,  M.  of  A.;  T.  C.  Smelser,  I.  G.;  George  S.  Hickox, 
0.  G.  Present  officers— E.  R.  Jones,  P.  C;  W.  A.  Chapman,  C.  C;  B.  L. 
Burritt,  V.  C;  J.  L.  Carney,  P.;  S.  L.  Smith,  M.  of  A.;  0.  P.  Arnold,  K. 
of  R.  and  S.;  W.  T.  Treadwell,  M.  of  E.;  T.  I.  Wasson,  M.  of  F.;  J.  H. 
Johnston,  I.  G.;  W.  H.  Sibley,  0.  G.;  E.  H.  Hibben,  D.  G.  C;  Julius 
Pappe,  G.  M.  of  E.  Membership,  sixty.  Meet  every  Monday  night  in  Ma- 
sonic Hall,  in  Woodbury  Block. 

A  new  degree  was  added  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  called  the 
Endowment  Rank.  It  consists  of  insurance  of  $1,000,  $2,000  and  $3,000. 
The  officers  of  this  degree  are  Byron  A.  Beeson,  President;  0.  P.  Arnold, 
Vice  President;  J.  B.  Stattler,  Secretary;  E.  L.  Lement,  Sentinel;  T.  I. 
Wasson,  Guide;  W.  H,  Harrington,  Chaplain.  This  fund  was  instituted  in 
Marshalltown,  by  E.  H.  Hibben. 

The  Masonic  Hall  is  on  the  second  floor  in  Woodbury  Block,  and  is  finely 
furnished.  There  are  several  ante-rooms,  well  provided  with  wardrobes  belong- 
ing to  the  different  societies.  The  hall  will  compare  favorably  with  any  in  the 
State. 

Independent  Order  of  Foresters — Court  Excelsior,  No.  1. — The  dispensa- 
tion was  granted  this  society  by  the  G.  H.  Court  of  the  United  States,  Jan- 
uary 2,  1878.  The  cliarter  members  wore:  R.  Howe  Taylor,  L.  E.  B.  Holt, 
J.  xMcCaw,  J.  R.  Haines,  J.  D.  Vail,  J.  Heath,  J.  T.  Dart,  0.  P.  Arnold,  W.  H. 
Weatherly,  Hiram  Willard,  E.  R,  Jones,  M.  K.  Williams,  John  T.  Upson,  W. 
E.  Sargent,  0.  Allen  and  twenty-eight  others.  First  officers:  R.  Howe  Tay- 
lor, W.  C.  R.;  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  V.  C.  R.;  0.  P.  Arnold,  R.  S.;  T.  Baum,  F. 
S.;  J.  D.  Heath,  T.;  R.  Lindsev,  Chaplain;  0.  Allen,  H.;  M.  K.  Williams, 
S.   W.;    J.  A.   Leach,   J.   W.;  Frank   Killala,   S.   B.;  W.   A.  Forbes,  J.  B. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  497 

Present  officers:  L.  E.  B.  Holt,  W.  C.  R.;  0.  P.  Arnold,  V.  C.  R.;  T.  L. 
Seevers,  R.  S.;  Otto  Lasche,  F.  S.;  J.  D.  Heath,  T.;  J.  T.  Dart,  S.  W.;  W. 
A.  Forbes,  J.  W.;  R.  Hoyt,  S.  B.;  T.  Baum,  J.  B.;  E.  B.  Clialfand,  C;  Rep- 
resentative to  G.  H.  C,  R.  Howe  Taylor;  Alternate,  John  McCaw. 

BANKS. 

The  First  National  Bank. — This  institution  was  established  in  1864,  under 
the  general  act  of  the  previous  year,  by  G.  M.  Woodbury,  T.  B.  Abell,  H.  E. 
J.  Boardman,  E.  Willigrod,  George  Glick,  Wells  S.  Rice,  J.  Smith,  John 
Turner,  J.  L.  Williams,  David  Barrett,  C.  W.  Fracker,  et  al.  Mr.  Woodbury 
became  the  largest  stockholder.  The  Board  of  Directors  consisted  of  George 
Glick,  G.  VV.  Woodbury,  H.  E.  J.  Boardman,  T.  B.  Abell  and  Daivd  Parrett. 
Mr.  Woodbury  was  elected  President;  Mr.  Abell,  Vice  President;  and  Mr. 
Fracker,  Cashier.  Business  was  begun  June  23,  1864.  The  capital  stock  was 
placed  at  $100,000.  A  change  in  the  ownership  of  stock  subsequently  resulted 
in  the  election  of  Mr.  Glick,  President,  and  J.  P.  Woodbury,  Vice  JPresident. 
The  Board  was  changed  to  the  following:  G.  M.  Woodbury,  George  Glick,  B. 
T.  Frederick,  J.  P.  Woodbury,  F.  Woodbury.  Mr.  G.  M.  Woodbury's  death 
created  a  vacancy  in  the  Board,  which  was  filled  by  the  election  of  C.  E.  Brom- 
ley. C.  W.  Fracker  became  Cashier  in  place  of  Mr.  Glick,  but  was  succeeded 
in  January,  1877,  by  T.  J.  Fletcher.  Michael  C.  Healion  and  Arthur  Glick 
are  bookkeepers. 

The  City  Bank.— In  1870,  Messrs.  W\  H.  Hager  &  Sons,  of  Hagerstown, 
Md.,  established  the  business  now  known  as  the  City  Bank.  July  1,  1873, 
Messrs.  J.  L.  Williams,  H.  E.  J.  Boardman,  John  Turner  and  C.  W.  Stone 
became  the  prime  movers  in  the  organization  of  a  National  Bank,  called  the 
Farmers'  National  Bank  of  Marshalltown.  At  the  same  date,  these  gentlemen 
purchased  the  private  banking  business  of  Messrs.  Hager  &  Sons,  and  continued 
the  same  under  the  name  of  the  City  Bank.  The  two  institutions  were  success- 
fully managed  for  more  than  two  years,  when  the  National  Bank  was  voluntarily 
discontinued  and  the  business  transferred  to  the  City  Bank.  The  officers  of  the 
Farmers' National  Bank  were :  H.  E.  J.  Boardman,  President;  John  Turner, 
Vice  President ;  J.  H.  H.  Frisbee,  Cashier.  The  corporation  owned  the  fine 
edifice,  corner  of  Main  st.  and  First  av.,  which  is  still  the  property  of  the  four 
gentlemen  who  own  the  City  Bank.  The  latter  business  is  a  private  copart- 
nership, without  incorporation.  Mr.  Williams  is  Cashier — the  only  officer — and 
has  held  that  post  since  the  date  of  the  purchase  of  the  bank  by  the  present 
owners.  The  capital  of  this  bank  is  the  private  fortunes  of  the  several  mem- 
bers, like  that  of  any  partnership  concern.  The  spacious  block,  corner  of  Main 
St.  and  Center  av.,  is  owned  by  the  firm.     A  large  business  is  done  by  the  house. 

Marshalltown  Bank. — This  bank  is  owned  and  conducted  by  a  private  cor- 
poration. It  was  commenced  in  January,  1878,  by  E.  L.  Lyon,  lately  from 
Victor,  Iowa,  in  the  building  erected  by  him  in  1877,  at  No.  27  West  Main  st. 
Late  in  February,  1878,  Mr.  Lyon  sold  the  business  and  fixtures  to  the  present 
proprietors,  Messrs.  Adair  Brothers  and  G.  G.  Charlton,  of  Washington,  Iowa, 
and  H.  A.  Parker,  of  Chicago,  111.  They  commenced  with  a  capital  of  $50,- 
000,  the  majority  of  which  is  now  paid  up,  and  are  doing  a  good  and  safe  busi- 
ness. They  have  purchased  a  lot  nearly  opposite  the  post  office  for  a  permanent 
location,  and  are  preparing  to  erect  upon  it  a  handsome  and  commodious  bank 
building,  which  they  will  occupy  when  finished. 

Loan  Associations. — There  are  two  of  these  societies  in  MarshalltoAvn — the 
Hawkeye  and  the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'.      The  former  was  begun  in  1870; 


498  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUxNTY. 

the  latter  is  a  newer  organization.  The  general  purposes  of  these  incorpora- 
tions is  to  render  aid,  in  the  form  of  loans,  to  worthy  needy  members.  The 
capital  represented  is  about  ^300,000,  and  the  aggregate  membership  is  nearly 
400.  The  officers  of  the  Ilawkeye  Benevolent  and  Loan  Association  are: 
S.  Lacey,  President ;  Mark  Ehle.  Vice  President;  M.  11.  Haviland,  Secretary: 
F.  Grumme,  Treasurer;  Brown  &  Binford,  Solicitors.  Of  the  Farmers'  and 
Mechanics'  Loan  Association:  M.  L,  Rogers,  President;  S.  Lacey,  Vice  Pres- 
ident; George  Kroger,  Secretary;  M.  H.  Haviland,  Treasurer;  A.  F.  Hara- 
don.  Solicitor. 

MANUFACTURING    INTERESTS. 

Iowa  Barb  Steel  Wire  Co.  was  established  in  July,  1877,  by  a  company 
consisting  of  D.  M.  Pickering,  President ;  R.  Sears,  Treasurer ;  A.  S.  Bur- 
nell,  Secretary,  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  barb  wire  of  Mr.  Burnell's 
patent.  Lots  were  purchased  and  the  erection  of  a  building  was  at  once  begun. 
The  buildings  are  located  near  the  Chicago  «&  Southwestern  Railroad  tracks  ; 
the  main  building  is  40x1(30  feet  in  size,  and  is  three  stories  high,  including 
basement;  the  new  building  just  completed  is  45x60  feet,  and  is  used  for  tar- 
ring the  wire  and  for  drying  the  same  by  steam.  Seventy  men  are  employed  in  the 
manufacture  of  this  barb  wire,  running  both  day  and  night.  The  works  have 
a  capacity  of  three  car  loads  per  week  ;  each  bundle  containing  100  rods  of 
wire.  The  barbs  are  at  present  being  put  on  by  hand,  but  Mr.  Burnell  has  in- 
vented an  automatic  machine  which  can  perform  the  work  of  eight  men  per 
day  ;  this  machine  puts  on  the  barbs,  cuts  off  the  wire,  and  spools  it — in  fact, 
does  all  the  work,  except  tarring  it.  Mr.  Burnell  hopes  that  by  perfecting  his 
machine  it  may  prove  a  wonderful  success.  Two  large  saws  are  also  in  the 
works,  used  in  cutting  lumber  into  frames  on  which  to  spool  the  wire.  An  en- 
gine of  twenty-five  horse-power  and  a  boiler  of  forty  horse-power  are  used  in 
operating  the  machinery.  The  engine  is  of  Kii'kwood's  pattern.  The  officers 
of  the  company  at  present  are  :  R.  Sears,  President,  E.  L.  Leonard,  Treasurer, 
R.  E.  Sears,  Secretary,  and  H.  T.  Beckitt,  Bookkeeper  and  Manager. 

Hatvkeye  Oil  3Iills. — This  industry  was  established  in  1872,  by  Abbott, 
Knisely  &  Glick,  and  consists  of  the  manufacture  of  linseed  oil  and  oil  cake. 
The  mills  are  located  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  city,  south  of  Linn  Creek. 
The  main  building  is  quite  a  large  building,  but  the  increasing  business  of  the 
mills  compelled  an  addition  45x40  feet  in  size,  and  a  second  addition  40x80 
feet,  all  of  brick.  The  mills  are  supplied  Avith  the  very  best  of  machinery. 
The  milling  stones  weigh  five  tons  apiece,  the  crack  rolls  each  weigh  1,000 
pounds,  and  are  eleven  inches  in  diameter,  and  forty-two  inches  long.  The 
massive  iron  presses  are  four  in  number,  and  each  has  a  capacity  of  475  tons. 
The  capacity  of  the  mills  is  1,000  gallons  of  oil  per  day,  employing  eighteen 
men,  and  runing  night  and  day:  120,000  bushels  of  seed  was  consumed  in 
1877-8,  in  the  mill,  for  which  was  paid  an  average  of  |1  per  bushel.  A 
first-class  horizontal  engine  of  forty  horse-power,  is  used  in  operating  the  ma- 
chinery. There  are  twenty-seven  bins  in  the  mills,  each  holding  2,000  bushels 
of  seed.  The  storing  capacity  is  about  800  barrels  of  oil  in  each  tank  ;  thei'e 
are  two  large  tanks  outside  the  building,  and  several  inside;  the  building  where 
the  oil  is  boiled  is  situated  a  distance  from  the  main  building.  Great  care  has 
to  be  exercised  in  this  branch  of  the  work,  as  the  oil  is  very  inflammable. 
About  forty-five  tons  of  oil  cake  is  manufactured  per  week.  There  is  manufact- 
ured and  leaves  the  mill  every  day,  on  an  average  of  one  car-load  of  oil  and 
cake.  The  mill  receives  by  way  of  freight,  barrels,  etc.,  about  800  car-loads 
per  annum.     Mr.  F.  B.  Woodrufi"  is  Foreman  of  the  works,  and  has   charge  of 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  499 

all  the  work.     The  sales  of  the  works   are  in  Boston,  New   York,  and  other 
Eastern  cities,  Chicago,,  and  in  fact,  all  over  the  Northwest  and  West. 

Marshall  Furniture  Factorij. — This  establishment  was  organized  in  187'). 
by  Kreutzer  &  Wasem,  and  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture.  The 
main  building  is  25x40  feet  in  size,  and  is  three  stories  high ;  the  new  building 
is  35x40  feet,  and  is  three  stories  high.  They  manufacture  all  qualities  of 
furniture,  with  the  exception  of  chairs.  A  saw-mill  is  in  connection  with  the 
works,  and  is  used  in  sawing  this  lumber  into  suitable  length  ;  everything  per- 
taining to  the  work  is  done  but  varnishing.  They  sell  to  wholesale  dealers. 
The  owners  have  recently  placed  in  some  new  machinery,  and  are  doing  as 
good  work  as  any  manufactory  in  Iowa.  They  do  a  business  of  about  $1,000 
per  week.  A  large  engine  of  thirty-five  horse-power  is  used  in  the  manufactory. 
They  employ  eighteen  men,  all  skilled  workmen.  Their  sales  are  principally 
in  Iowa  and  Minnesota. 

The  Marshall  Foundry  was  established  some  time  in  1860  or  1861,  and 
subsequently  came  into  the  hands  of  its  present  owners.  The  building  is  of 
brick  and  is  150x105  feet  in  size,  and  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Linn  street 
and  Second  avenue.  The  firm  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of 
machinery,  castings,  iron  columns,  balustrading  and  all  kinds  of  ornamental 
iron  work,  stoves,  sled  runners,  harrows,  land  rollers,  etc.  They  use  an  engine 
of  twenty-one  horse-power.  Six  men  are  employed  in  the  machine  shops,  three 
blacksmiths,  six  to  eight  in  the  foundry.  The  company  also  do  the  casting 
Avork  for  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa. 

Northivestern  Iron  Fence  Co. — This  company  is  engaged  extensively  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron  machinery.  They  are  also  engaged  in  casting  the  base  for 
several  patterns  of  iron  fence  posts.  They  are  preparing  to  turn  out  of  their 
shops  the  "  Litth  Prairie  "  corn  sheller,  a  new  pattern  which  is  regarded  as  a 
success  in  its  way.  The  officers  of  the  company  are :  B.  F.  Frederick,  Presi- 
dent ;  John  Seagar,  Vice  President ;  S.  P.  Kniselj,  Treasurer ;  J.  M.  Gilchrist, 
Secretary. 

The  3farshall  Canning  Co. — This  enterprise  is  of  recent  date,  but  if  prop- 
erly managed,  will  make  one  of  the  most  important  manufactories  of  Marshall- 
town.  The  company  was  organized  in  the  Spring  of  1878,  and  is  engaged  in 
the  canning  of  corn  and  tomatoes  and  all  kinds  of  fruit.  The  works  are 
located  on  Third  avenue,  near  the  depot.  The  main  building  is  40x80  feet  in 
size,  the  addition  is  28x40,  all  of  frame.  The  company  are  at  present  manu- 
facturing cans,  having  120,000  on  hand.  The  officers  of  the  company  are : 
Harry  Young,  of  Clinton,  President ;  0.  B.  Cooper,  Secretary  and  Treasurer ; 
Sylvanus  Dunham  is  one  of  the  Directors  and  General  Manager. 

ELEVATORS. 

The  elevator  of  J.  W.  Brackett  was  established  some  time  prior  to  1870, 
and  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1872,  but  was  rebuilt  in  the  same  place,  near  the 
C.  &  N.  W.  R!^  R.  Mr.  Brackett  operated  it  until  April,  1876,  when  it  was 
again  destroyed  by  fire.  Nothing  daunted,  a  new  elevator  was  at  once  erected 
in  its  stead,  and  is  three  stories  high  and  34x48  feet  in  size,  having  a  capacity 
of  about  25,000  bushels.  Mr.  Brackett  ships  over  250,000  bushels  of  grain 
annually.     Four  men  are  employed. 

The  Woodbury  Mill  was  originally  built  in  1855,  but  was  entirely  rebuilt 
in  1873.  It  is  located  on  Iowa  River,  near  the  water  works,  built  of  frame  and 
three  stories  high.  They  use  both  steam  and  water  power.  The  mill  contains 
four  Eclipse  wheels  and  four  runs  of  stone,  as  well  as  the  latest  improved  mill- 


500  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

machinery,  including  the  '•  Middlings  Purifier,"  manufacturing  100  barrels  of 
flour  every  twenty-four  hours.  The  engines  and  boilers  are  situated  on  the 
opi)Osite  bank,  and  have  a  capacity  of  forty  horse-power  The  sales  are  prin- 
cipally in  Marshalltown  and  vicinity. 

The  Soap  Manufactory/  of  H.  W.  Benedict  was  established  in  1868.  Mr. 
Benedict  has  been  burned  out  several  times,  but  now  occupies  quarters  in  a 
substantial  brick  structure  on  the  corner  of  Linn  street  and  First  avenue.  The 
building  is  44x35  feet  in  size,  consisting  of  two  stories.  Three  thousand  pounds 
of  soap  are  manufactured  dady,  employing  five  men.  Mr.  Benedict  is  using 
''  Gibbs'  Pattern  and  Process,"  and  is  meeting  with  success.  Sales  in  all  parts 
of  loAva  and  adjoining  States. 

The  Iowa  Biiihling  and  Manufacturing  Company  was  established  Nov.  12, 
1877,  T^ith  the  following  officers  :  J.  D.  Heath,  President;  A.  N.  French,  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer ;  Directors — J.  D.  Heath,  Enos  Baker,  H.  R.  Rehm,  J 
T.  Dart  and  A.  N.  French.  The  buildings  of  the  company  are  situated  at  205 
West  Main  street,  and  are  28x90  feet  and  two  stories  in  height.  Their  chief 
manufiictures  are  sash,  doors  and  blinds,  as  well  as  all  kinds  of  building.  Their 
materials  are  purchased  principally  in  Chicago,  and  they  employ  forty  skilled 
mechanics.  They  have  a  first-class  twenty  horse-power  engine,  and  though 
only  in  operation  for  a  short  time,  they  have  already  done  $25,000  worth  of 
labor. 

Tow  Manufactory. — Established  in  January,  1878,  and  is  the  property  of 
Stoddart  Brothers.  The  manufactory  is  located  on  the  south  side  of  Linn 
Creek,  beyond  the  depot.  Their  main  building  is  30x60  feet  in  size,  and  the 
addition  is  16x50  feet.  The  engine  house,  18x24  feet,  accommodates  an 
eighteen  horse-power  engine.  The  owners  are  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
tow,  which  they  dispose  of  to  upholstei'ers  and  paper  makers.  They  employ 
seven  workmen,  and  have  a  capacity  of  one  ton  or  more  per  day. 

The  Marshall  Brewery. — John  Bowman,  proprietor  of  the  Marshall  Brew- 
ery, has  been  in  business  here  since  1858.  The  building  now  being  used  as  a 
brewery  was  formerly  a  woolen  mill ;  but  some  additions  have  been  added  and  it 
is  now  75x80  feet  in  size,  all  stone,  and  contains  two  large  cellars,  each  con- 
taining from  1,200  to  1,500  barrels  of  lager.  An  engine  of  five  horse-power  is 
used  in  the  brewery.  A  new  boiler  Avas  recently  placed  in  this  building.  The 
large  malting  house  is  110x40  feet  in  size  and  three  stories  high,  is  built  of 
brick  and  is  located  on  Church  street,  207.  It  has  a  probable  capacity  of  8,000 
bushels  of  barley.  Twelve  workmen  are  employed.  Mr.  Bowman  ships  to  all 
points  within  a  radius  of  100  miles. 

Iowa  River  Brewery  is  located  on  the  banks  of  the  Iowa  River,  near  the 
water  works.  The  building  is  frame  and  is  24x70  feet  in  size.  The  brewery 
is  the  property  of  Vogle  c^  Collman,  but  is  being  run  by  Mr.  Vogle.  There 
are  two  cellars,  each  holding  between  three  and  four  hundred  barrels  of  beer. 
The  mill  is  operated  by  horse  powes*.  There  are  three  large  vats  in  the  brew- 
ery, each  holding  twenty-five  barrels.  Their  sales  are  at  present  chiefly  in 
Marshall,  but  the  proprietor  intends  to  do  some  shipping  soon  to  other  places. 

John  I).  VaiVn  Bottling  Works  were  established  in  1873.  Mr.  Vail  oc- 
cupies a  two-story  brick  building  at  130  West  Main  street,  and  is  engaged  in 
the  bottling  of  soda  water,  ales,  beers,  etc.  Mr.  Vail  employs  six  men,  and 
his  sales  extend  into   Iowa  for  a  radius  of  seventy-five  and  one  hundred  miles. 

The  Carriage  Manufactory  o{  Coburn  k  Reweyhas  been  in  operation  since 
1868.  They  began  the  business  on  a  moderate  scale,  but  within  the  past  five 
years  have  so  increased  their  trade  as  to  require  additional  facilities,  and  have 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  50 

nearly  completed  a  new  two-story  frame  building  on  First  avenue,  which  they 
intend  soon  to  occupy. 

Butler  &:  Morrison  are  also  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  carriages,  bug- 
gies, spring  wagons,  etc.,  at  132  West  Main  street.  This  business  was  estab- 
lished in  1876,  gives  employment  to  three  men  and  does  considerable  business 
outside  the  city. 

E.  G.  Sleight  established  himself  in  the  grain  business  in  this  city  in  1862. 
and  built  an  elevator  in  1863,  which  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1872. 
A  new  one  was  immediately  erected  in  its  place  which  was  also  burned  in  1876. 
The  present  elevator,  three  stories  high  and  30x80  feet  in  size,  was  built  upon 
the  same  site.  Mr.  Sleight  ships  from  400,000  to  600,000  bushels  of  grain 
annually  to  New  York,  Boston  and  otter  points. 

FIRES. 

Marshalltown  has  been  visited  by  several  destructive  fires  since  its  rapid 
growth  and  development  into  a  city,  but  by  far  the  most  disastrous,  and,  in 
comparison,  a  "Chicago  Fire,"  was  the  one  that  occurred  on  the  2d  of  May, 
1872,  commencing  at  the  hour  of  noon.  The  following  account  of  the  confla- 
gration and  losses  sustained  is  taken  from  the  Marshall  Timea  of  May  9,  1872 : 

"  The  most  destructive  fire  that  ever  took  place  in  Central  Iowa  occurred  in 
this  city  about  noon.  May  2,  1872.  The  first  intimation  our  citizens  had  of  the 
coming  calamity  was  the  shriek  of  the  danger  whistles  of  a  number  of  engines 
down  by  the  depot.  A  few  moments  after,  the  bells  rang  out  the  alarm  and  the 
city  was  thoroughly  aroused.  A  fierce  wind  was  blowing  from  the  southeast, 
and  the  moment  the  location  of  the  fire  was  ascertained,  the  gravest  apprehen: 
sion  for  the  safety  of  the  city  was  indulged  in. 

"  The  fire  made  its  appearance  in  Stanley's  elevator,  in  the  southeastern 
portion  of  the  city.  Its  origin  is  not  known  and  probably  never  will  be  to  a 
certainty.  By  some  it  is  thought  to  have  first  caught  from  the  sparks  of  a  pass- 
ing locomotive,  or  from  the  railroad  steam  pumps  across  the  track ;  others  who 
claim  to  have  been  early  on  the  ground,  say  that  the  flames  first  made  their 
appearance  on  the  cupola  on  the  north  side  of  the  elevator.  If  this  is  the  case, 
and  it  is  the  best  authenticated  report,  the  fire  must  have  been  the  result  of 
incendiarism  or  spontaneous  combustion.  The  elevator  had  been  running  for  a 
day  or  two,  and  the  theory  of  a  heated  journal  is,  therefore,  impracticable.  Be 
the  cause  what  it  may,  the  burning  of  the  elevator  was  the  beginning  of  one  of 
the  most  terrible  calamities  that  ever  visited  our  city. 

"  With  almost  incredible  rapidity  the  flames  spread  to  the  elevator  of  E. 
G.  Sleight  on  the  west,  and  G.  W,  Westlake's  elevator  on  the  east.  Fanned 
by  the  gale,  a  broad  sheet  of  flame  darted  across  Market  street,  and  in  a  mo- 
ment more  the  Aultwein  House,  a  large,  four-story  brick  structure,  was  wrapj)ed 
in  its  fiery  embrace.  Cunningham's  lumber  yard  near  by  caught  at  the  same 
time,  and  the  large  stone  woolen  factory,  with  all  its  valuable  machinery,  fol- 
lowed a  moment  after.  Before  the  appalled  by-standers  could  hardly  realize  the 
situation,  the  fire  crossed  to  the  west  side  of  Station  street,  and  Binford's  elevator 
went  off"  like  dry  tinder.  Coppick's  elevator  followed  in  a  moment,  and  the 
lumber  yards  near  by  were  soon  enveloped  in  a  roaring,  seething  mass  of  fire 
that  laughed  in  its  fierce  strength  at  the  puny  efforts  of  the  frightened  citizens  to 
stay  its  progress  directly  into  the  business  part  of  the  city.  The  fine,  new 
brick  block  occupied  by  Mr.  Watson  was  the  next  to  succumb  to  the  fiery  ele- 
ment, and  the  Williams  House,  one  of  our  largest  hotels,  followed  a  few  minutes 
later.     It  was  now  feared  that  unless  help  could  be  had  from  abroad,  the  heart 


502  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

i)f  the  city  would  soon  follow  in  the  wake  of  this  important  suburb.  The  depot 
of  the  North-Western  Railway  Company  then  caught,  and  the  agents  and  opera- 
tors had  barely  time  to  save  their  instruments  and  papers.  The  pump  building 
also  caught,  and  although  strenuous  efforts  were  made  to  save  it,  as  the  tanks  of 
both  railroads  wore  supplied  therefrom,  it  was  but  a  short  time  before  it  joined 
its  unfortunate  neighbors  in  smoke. 

••  The  ilames.  making  northward,  crossed  Nevada  street,  and  enwrapped 
Craigue  &  Johnston's  grocery  store,  next  Leonard's  billiard  hall  and  Henry's 
shoe  shop ;  consuming  these  with  fearful  rapidity,  they  also  burned  up  the 
meat  market.  The  large  double  store,  occupied  by  Deitrich  &  Son  as  a  dry 
goods  house,  was  next  blotted  out  of  existence,  and  the  livery  stable  immediately 
in  the  rear  caught  and  was  consumed  directly  thereafter.  The  next  building 
to  vanish  was  the  carriage  factory  directly  north.  Here  the  flames  were  stayed 
in  this  direction  by  some  unoccupied  lots  and  the  strenuous  exertions  of  those 
living  in  the  residences  further  up.  On  the  opposite  side  of  Station  street, 
however,  the  burning  Williams  House  set  fire  to  the  brick  residence  of  Thomas 
Cole,  which  was  quickly  added  to  the  general  loss.  The  almost  superhuman 
endeavors  of  the  firemen  on  the  roof  of  E.  G.  Sleight's  residence  near  by, 
saved  that  house  and  the  eastern  part  of  the  city.  West,  the  flames  followed 
the  coal  sheds  and  lumber  piles,  and  licking  up  at  a  mouthful  Stanley's  agricult- 
ural warehouse,  crossed  First  street,  and  burned  the  residence  owned  by  W.  R. 
Smith,  and  leaping  over  two  houses  that  were  saved  by  sheer  nerve  and  pluck, 
burned  the  boarding  house  kept  by  John  Anslem.  Here  it  was  stayed  by  the 
tearinor-down  of  fences,  out-buildin^s,  etc.  Had  Mr.  Sleisrht's  residence 
burned,  or  had  Mr.  Peter  Kreutzer's  house  been  abandoned,  when  it  seemed 
almost  impossible  to  save  it,  no  human  energy  or  strength  could  have  saved  the 
city.  As  it  was,  sparks  were  carried  up  into  Main  street,  blocks  away,  and  at 
one  time  a  pile  of  shavings  in  the  rear  of  Arnold's  furniture  store  caught  fire 
and  had  it  not  been  discovered  immediately,  the  business  part  of  town  would 
have  most  assuredly  gone.  About  the  time  the  Williams  House  was  consumed 
and  fears  for  the  safety  of  the  city  first  began  to  be  entertained,  Grinnell,  Cedar 
Piapids  and  Des  Moines  were  telegra|)hed  for  assistance.  In  less  than  ten  min- 
utes after  the  reception  of  the  dispatch,  the  Grinnell  Hook  and  Ladder  Company 
and  Extinguisher  Brigade  were  on  the  mail  train  bound  for  thr  scene  of  the  dis- 
aster. The  engineer  brought  the  train  into  the  city  in  thirty-four  minutes  after 
leaving  Grinnell,  and  our  brave  neighbors  were  in  five  minutes  more  at  work 
with  our  citizens.  We  cannot  compliment  the  generous  conduct  of  our  Grinnell 
neighbors  too  highly.  At  a  minute's  notice  they  sprang  to  our  assistance 
and  aided  us  with  a  heart  and  will  that  is  deserving  of  our  heartiest  grati- 
tude. 

"While  we  hope  our  neighbors  may  never  have  occasion  to  call  on  us  for  a 
like  service,  we  assure  them  that  if  the  occasion  ever  should  take  place,  our  aid 
will  be  as  promptly  and  freely  given  as  was  theirs.  A  dispatch  was  received 
from  Des  Moines,  tendering  a  steamer,  but  it  did  not  reach  here  until  after  l^he 
crisis  was  passed,  and  the  Des  Moines  authorities  were  so  advised.  Cedar 
Rapids  turned  out  an  independent  fire  company  which  was  just  ready  to  take 
the  train,  when  the  news  was  telegraphed  that  the  fire  was  under  control. 

•*  At  one  time  the  excitement  was  so  general  and  thorough,  and  the  danger  so 
immediate  that  the  Main  street  merchants  began  to  remove  their  goods,  and 
men  and  women  might  have  been  seen  carting  their  furniture  in  every  direction. 
The  common  back  of  the  Central  depot  was  crowded  with  household  goods,  as 
was  the  case  in  other  parts  of  the  city.     While  there  was  nothing  partaking  of 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  503 

the  panic  feeling,  it  seemed  almost  impossible  to  save  the  town,  and  of 
course  the  general  feeling  of  insecurity  prompted  people  to  save  what  thev 
could. 

"  While  the  excitement  was  running  at  the  flood,  a  number  of  avaricious 
whelps  might  have  been  seen  running  about  with  teams  offering  to  carry  loads 
to  safe  places  from  $2  to  |5  per  trip.  Many  people  paid  this  exorbitant 
price.  *  =^  *  While  the  tide  of  fire  seemed  sweeping  directly  for  the 
Court  House,  Recorder  Thomas  took  the  records  and  carried  them  to  a  place 
of  safety.  Per  contra,  we  heard  of  a  lady,  whose  house  was  in  danger,  seizing 
a  terrier  pup  in  one  hand  and  a  broom  in  the  other,  and,  bareheaded,  making 
for  the  open  common  west  of  the  city. 

"  Incidents. — About  the  time  the  Williams  House  was  burning,  the  wind 
took  a  portion  of  its  blazing  roof  and  deposited  it  on  a  stable  two  blocks  away. 
By  great  exertions,  the  adjoining  buildings  were  saved,  but  the  barn  went  the 
way  of  all  the  others.  The  house  of  Hon.  J.  L.  Williams  was  at  one  time 
in  great  danger,  and  was  saved  only  with  great  labor.  Mr.  Williams  was 
severely  scorched  by  the  heat. 

"•  In  Albion,  six  miles  north,  the  first  intelligence  the  citizens  had  of  our 
danger  was  the  dropping  of  cinders  and  half-burned  letters  in  their  streets ;  one 
from  Sleight's  elevator  told  the  tale,  and,  no  train  being  at  hand,  the  energetic 
citizens  pressed  every  team  in  town  and  came  galloping  to  our  assistance, 
regardless  of  broken  necks  and  ruined  horses.  They  were  too  late,  but  we  will 
take  the  will  for  the  deed,  however. 

"  In  State  Centre,  the  telegraph  first  informed  the  citizens  of  the  extent  of 
the  conflagration.  When  the  wires  were  melted  and  communication  ceased, 
the  wildest  excitement  prevailed.  The  4.20  mail  train  was  crowded  with  our 
neighbors  when  it  arrived. 

"  Milt  Ayer,  the  conductor  of  the  Marshall  freight  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Road,  worked  like  a  horse  in  getting  the  yard  clear  of  cars.  He  and 
his  men  coupled  and  run  out  of  the  yard  116  cars  at  one  pull. 

"  The  number  of  brave  fellows  who  fought  against  fire  and  hope  on  Saturday 
was  so  large  that  it  is  impossible  to  notice  all.  There  were  several,  however, 
who,  by  their  indomitable  courage  and  resolution,  were  conspicuous  in  the 
aid  they  rendered  just  at  the  critical  moment.  R.  A.  Ballinger  stood  on  the 
porch  of  E.  G.  Sleight's  residence,  where  he  had  fallen  from  the  roof,  when  it 
seemed  almost  impossible  for  anything  human  to  stand  the  intense  heat,  and 
poured  out  the  water  that  was  passed  to  him.  E.  C.  Hixson  also  made  himself 
conspicuous  by  his  exertions.  George  Canfield  and  George  McCord  woaked 
like  heroes.  W.  H.  Calhoun  and  Charles  Londer  saved  Mrs.  Warrel's  res- 
idence by  the  greatest  exertions.  Fred  Wasson  and  Julius  Roher  worked  on 
Kreutzer's  house  when  the  fire  and  heat  were  so  intense  that  they  had  to  pour 
every  other  pailful  of  water  on  each  other.  Charles  Slocum  did  himself  great 
honor.  H.  P.  Williams,  on  the  roof  of  J.  L.  Williams'  house,  fought  the  en- 
croaching fiend  as  if  his  life  depended  upon  his  exertions.       * 

"  The  total  loss  is  about  three  hundred  and  eight  thousand  seven  hundred 
dollars.      The  total  of  insurance  is  |105,800." 

Another  destructive  fire  visited  the  city  on  the  morning  of  April  6,  1876. 
The  omnibus  drivers  were  just  gathering  up  the  passengers  for  the  3.30  train 
east,  when  one  of  them  discovered  a  tiny  blaze  issuing  from  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  lower  story  of  Brackett's  elevator.  The  alarm  was  instantly 
sounded  by  the  whistle  of  the  Central  switch  engine.     The  other  engines  took 

I'll 

up   the  signal,  and,  together  with  the  whistles  at   the  round-house  and  the  oil 


504  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

mills,  blew  such  a  wild  blast  that  the  whole  city  was  very  quickly  aroused. 
The  flames  spread  with  incredible  rapidity  over  the  building  Avhere  it  was  first 
discovered,  and  it  soon  became  evident  that  a  conflagration  of  no  ordinury 
destructiveness  was  imminent.  The  North-Western  tracks  were  covered  with 
loaded  cars,  and  the  Central  engine,  with  Bob  Hoyt  at  the  throttle,  was  sent  to 
pull  them  out.  Steam  was  raised  in  the  brewery  near  by,  and  also  in  the  tank 
engine,  and  streams  from  their  pumps  were  brought  into  use.  The  streets 
were  in  a  terrible  condition  and  the  heavy  fire-engines  sunk  into  the  mud,  and 
it  was  with  the  greatest  exertion  that  the  willing  fire  boys  were  able  to  get 
there  at  all.  In  the  meantime,  the  flame  spread  to  Sleight's  elevator  on  the 
west,  and  Westlake's  warehouse  on  the  east.  The  Avind  was  blowing  a  smart 
gale  from  the  southwest,  and  showers  of  cinders  were  thrown  over  Cunning- 
ham's lumber-yard  and  Ketchum  &  Johnston's  agricultural  warehouse.  The 
bucket  brigade  worked  manfully,  and  succeeded  in  preventing  the  flames  from 
crossing  the  street  before  the  arrival  of  the  engines.  Wh;n  the  firemen  reached 
the  scene,  it  was  found  impossible  to  connect  with  the  hydrant,  and  a  delay 
occurred ;  but  both  engines  soon  got  into  operation  on  the  south  side  of  the 
blaze  and  did  some  excellent  work,  saving  the  North-Western  Freight  Depot 
and  the  buildings  and  lumber  piles  on  the  north  side  of  the  street.  The  fire 
had  got  full  possession  of  both  elevators,  and  wrapped  their  offices  and  the  ad- 
joining buildings  in  a  blazing  mantle.  Streams  were  thrown  upon  Bowman's 
brewery  and  saved  it.  In  a  little  over  an  hour  after  the  discovery  of  the  fire, 
Brackett's  elevator  fell ;  Westlake's  followed  shortly  after,  and  erelong 
Sleight's  came  down  in  the  general  ruin.  As  to  the  origin  of  the  fire,  some 
say  it  was  the  work  of  an  incendiary;  others  that  the  waste  pipe  of  the  smut- 
machine  was  near  the  breaking-out  of  the  flames,  and  that  chaff  had 
blown  out  there  and  became  ignited  by  the  sparks  from  a  passing  loco- 
motive. 

The  Hook  and  Ladder  Company  did  brave  work  in  checking  the  flames. 
No.  1  got  on  the  first  stream,  and  her  brakes  were  manned  for  two  hours  and 
a  half  The  Sleight  Elevator  was  owned  by  H.  P.  Williams,  and  was  worth, 
with  its  machinery,  ^15,000,  insured  for  $7,200;  Brackett's,  $7,000,  insured 
tor  $2,700.  Westlake's  warehouse  cost  some  three  or  six  hundred  dollars;  no 
insurance.  The  offices  and  other  buildings  were  worth  about  three  thousand 
dollars.  The  total  loss  amounted  to  about  twenty-five  to  thirty  thousand  dol- 
lars; total  insurance,  about  eleven  thousand  nine  hundred  dollars. 

GENERAL    NOTES,  '' 

It  is  not  within  the  province  of  this  work  to  give  a  list  of  the  retail  busi- 
ness houses  of  the  several  towns.  This  is  not  a  gazetteer  for  constant  use  as  a 
book  of  reference,  but  rather  a  permanent  monument  to  the  enterprise  and 
prosperity  of  a  young  but  powerful  county. 

Marslialltown  has  issued  business  and  residence  directories,  from  which  the 
volume  of  minor  transactions  can  be  readily  compiled. 

The  city  is  well  supplied  with  stores  of  almost  every  class,  at  which  the 
purchaser  can  obtain  as  great  a  variety  of  goods  as  can  be  bought  in  cities  of 
much  larger  size.     The  markets  Jire  well  stocked. 

The  city  has  good  hotel  accommodations,  the  Boardman  House  being  first- 
class  in  its  appointments.  The  Bowler  House,  or  depot  hotel,  is  also  a  favorite 
Avith  the  traveling  public. 

The  most  conspicuous  block  on  Main  street  is  the  First  National  Bank 
Block,  so  called  because  that  institution  occupies  rooms  on  the  ground  floor.   A 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  505 

large  hall,  with  scenery  and  stage,  called  Woodbury  Hall,  is  in  the  third  story. 
Secret  societies  have  finely  furnished  rooms  in  the  front  of  the  building,  on  the 
third  floor.  There  is  another  public  hall,  called  Whitton's  Hall,  which  is 
located  in  a  brick  building  on  Center  street,  in  the  rear  of  the  City  Bank 
Block.  The  last  named  is  a  three-story  edifice  cornering  on  Main  and  Center 
streets,  and  is  a  substantial  buildino-. 

The  principal  business  thoroughfare  is  Main  street,  and  it  is  built  up  almost 
entirely  with  creditable  blocks.  It  presents  as  fine  an  appearance  as  a  street 
in  any  town  the  size  of  this. 

When  Mr.  Anson  platted  the  village,  he  very  -wisely  set  aside  one  whole 
square  in  the  center  of  the  town,  facing  north  on  Main  street,  as  a  Park.  The 
proper  care  has  not  been  bestowed  upon  this  valuable  tract,  but  it  will  one  day 
be  a  delightful  resort  for  the  citizens  of  this  place. 

The  county  buildings  are  not  much  to  boast  of.  The  old  Court  House, 
erected,  as  is  related  in  another  chapter,  under  peculiar  circumstances,  still 
does  duty;  and  a  little  jail,  that  might  have  served  a  good  purpose  in  the  good 
old  days  when  men  were  honest,  stands  near  the  Court  House,  with  an  air  of 
embarrassment  over  its  own  appearance. 

Before  many  years,  a  modern  structure  will  be  placed,  possibly,  on  the  now- 
vacant  square  where  it  should  be,  adding  to  the  general  beauty  of  the  principal 
street. 

As  one  casts  an  imaginative  glance  into  the  future,  one  sees  a  thriving  city 
filled  with  busy,  ambitious  men,  and  working  marvelous  deeds  in  development. 
That  bustling  city  seems  vaguely  familiar  to  the  beholder,  and  at  last  he  is  able 
to  distinguish  of  Marshalltown,  enlarged,  beautified  and  matured  by  the  hand 
of  Time. 


ALBION. 

The  village  of  Albion  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Section  6,  Town  84,  Range 
18,  in  the  civil  township  of  Iowa,  about  seven  miles  northwest  of  Marshalltown. 
The  Iowa  River  flows  about  one  mile  distant,  to  the  west  and  south  of  the  vil- 
lage. 

The  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  touches  the  village,  aSbrding  rail  communica- 
tion with  the  North  and  South. 

The  plat  is  made  upon  a  fine  elevation,  with  level  plateau  in  the  village, 
and  is  altogether  a  desirable  selection  for  a  town. 

The  lands  upon  which  Albion  stands  were  selected  as  a  part  of  the  500,000- 
acre  school  fund  tract — an  appropriation  of  wild  lands  voted  for  educational 
purposes  by  the  State  at  an  early  day,  wherever  the  Commissioners  chose  to 
locate  the  tract  in  parcels.  J.  M.  Ferguson  was  School  Fund  Commissioner 
when  this  tract  was  selected. 

In  1852,  Thomas  S.  Brown  and  George  W.  Voris  (the  latter  one  of  the 
Mormons  who  separated  from  the  party,  as  related  elsewhere)  made  the  pur- 
chase of  this  tract,  and  platted  the  west  half  of  southeast  quarter  and  the  east 
half  of  southwest  quarter  of  Section  6,  Town  84,  Range  18.  Cyrus  Saunders 
was  Surveyor,  and  Jackson  Bowles  and  Jonathan  Alman  were  chain  bearers. 
At  the  date  of  the  survey  (August,  1852),  John  B.  Hobbs  was  living  near  the 
spot,  and  the  surveying  party  boarded  with  him. 

Mr.  Voris  then  lived  about  six  miles  east  of  the  site,  on  the  Archibald 
Clemins  farm. 


506  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

For  some  reason,  not  now  remembered,  the  plat  was  not  recorded  until  July 
21,  1856. 

After  Mr.  Hobbs  resigned  the  office  of  County  Judge  and  sold  his  interest 
in  Marietta,  he  purchased,  in  the  Fall  of  1853,  Brown's  interest  in  the  village, 
which  was  originally  called  and  recorded  as 

THE    VILLAGE    OF    LA  FAYETTE. 

The  name  was  not  changed  to  that  of  Albion  until  in  1858.  The  Marshall 
County  Times  first  notices  the  alteration,  October  11th  of  that  year.  We  shall 
speak  of  the  place,  however,  throughout  this  chapter  as  Albion. 

Mr.  Brown  subseijuently  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  died  in  the  service.  Mr. 
Voris  is  spoken  of  in  the  opening  chapter  on  Mormonism. 

At  the  time  of  Mr.  Hobbs'  purchase  there  were  few  residents  in  the  place. 
Among  them,  he  now  remembers  H.  H.  Seymour,  W.  C.  Howard  and  Thomas 
S.  Pike.  Mr.  H.  did  not  long  retain  an  interest  in  the  town,  and  never  resided 
on  the  plat.  He  sold  to  Joseph  Long,  and,  later,  William  Evans  and  James 
F.  Seymour  became  proprietors  in  the  property. 

The  first  house  was  built  by  Terry  Gowing.  It  was  a  hewed  log  building, 
and  was  put  up  in  the  Fall  of  1853. 

There  were  at  that  time,  in  the  surrounding  country,  a  number  of  settlers 
who  figure  in  the  history  of  the  county.  In  what  is  now  Bangor  were:  Thomas 
Pearson  (1848),  John  Whittaker  (1849),  David  Davis,  Jesse  Amos  (184*9), 
Elias  Wolohan,  Nash  Travis,  Elam  Jessup,  William  Adams,  Lancaster  Bell, 
Jesse  Everst ;  and  in  Liscomb  were :  Isaac  Myers,  Leonard  Dinsel,  J.  B.  Ralls, 
S.  Bowman  and  J.  H.  Hauser. 

The  settlers  of  the  Marietta  region  have  already  been  mentioned.  Minerva, 
as  now  organized,  was  then  a  part  of  that  large  district,  and  in  it  located  : 
Robert  Elder,  William  Spence,  David  Teager,  Jacob  Rohr,  John  Anselm, 
Joseph  Anselm,  John  McGee,  William  Taylor,  John  Dakin  and  William 
Clemans. 

In  Taylor  Township,  or  the  region  east  of  Albion,  were:  Hosea  Dean,  Sr., 
and  his  son  Hosea,  William  Stout,  N.  S.  Ketchum  and  Joseph  Long,  to  whom 
Mr.  Hobbs  sold  his  interest  in  the  village. 

In  Iowa  Township,  the  immediate  locality  about  Albion,  were  :  William, 
John  and  Philip  Ballard,  Shelton  Gear,  James  Miller,  Washington  Asher,  John 
Avery,  John  Duke,  Thomas  Gordon  (a  Mormon),  John  Hauser,  Jacob  Hauser, 
A.  Elzeburg,  G.  W.  Vans,  James  Dunbow,  Carpenter  Gear,  Samuel  Ulery, 
Jacob  Ilaselton  and  others. 

The  first  store  was  opened  in  1855,  by  the  firm  of  Keyes  &  Alford.  Jon- 
athan Keyes  erected  the  building  occupied  by  the  firm.  The  second  store  was 
kept  by  Treat  &  Young  and  the  third  by  M.  M.  Perrigo — all  begun  in  1855. 
The  Keyes  store  still  stands,  and  is  used  as  a  blacksmith  shop. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  Summer  of  1855,  by  Caroline  Thomas. 
The  Winter  term  was  conducted  by  H.  S.  Westfall.  A  log  house  Avas  used 
for  the  purpose. 

In  185G,  a  frame  school  house  was  erected ;  and  in  1864-5,  a  brick  build- 
ing took  its  place.     The  brick  is  now  occupied  by  the  Friends  as  a  meeting  house. 

The  building  now  occupied  as  a  union  school  is  a  fine  structure,  and  is  a 
credit  to  the  town.  Mr.  W.  E.  Crosby  is  Principal,  and  under  his  charge  the 
character  of  the  school  has  greatly  improved.  There  is  but  one  building  used 
for  public  school  purposes  in  Albion. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  507 

Thomas  J.  Wilson  was  the  first  lawyer  to  locate  in  town.  He  was  also 
the  first  editor,  for  in  the   Fall    of  1855,  he  established  the   Central  JournaU 

THE    FIRST    NEWSPAPER    IN    THE    COUNTY. 

A  sketch  of  this  journal  appears  in  the  general  history  of  the  press. 

The  first  artisans  were :  William  C.  Howard,  blacksmith,  who  opened  the 
first  shop,  in  1854;  Green  Houghton  and  "  Doc  "  Barker  and  John  Ryan,  who 
followed  in  the  same  trade.  L.  L.  Harris,  afterward  Sheriff"  of  the  county, 
was  the  first  shoemaker ;  J.  L.  Scott,  the  first  wagon  maker,  although  James 
Speer  opened  the  first  wagon  shop,  in  1856.  Scott  came  in  1855,  and  still 
resides  where  he  settled  at  that  early  date,  being  the  oldest  continuous  resident 
of  Albion  at  the  present  time.  Solomon  Kaufman  was  the  first  carpenter,  and 
Joseph  Adams  opened  the  first  meat  market. 

The  first  frame  house  was  built  by  H.  H.  Seymour,  and  is  still  standing, 
being  occupied  by  Henry  Brigham. 

The  first  physician  to  practice  in  the  town  was  Dr.  Bush,  but  he  gave  fully 
as  much  time  to  non-professional  business  as  to  his  drugs  and  lotions. 

Mr.  Hobbs  appropriated  lots  for  the  erection  of  a  saw-mill ;  and  Dr.  Bush 
joined  Samuel  Reed,  in  1855,  in  the  erection  of  a  steam  mill  on  the  property 
subsequently  owned  by  Stephen  Tripp.  James  Aslier  was  employed  to  run  the 
mill. 

The  first  tavern  was  opened  by  Abram  Lucas,  in  1855.  A  portion  of  this 
building  forms  a  part  of  the  hotel  now  standing. 

Among  the  earlier  residents  of  Albion  who  subsequently  became  well  known 
throughout  the  country,  are :  E.  N.  Chapin,  Timothy  Brown,  Abram  Stanley. 
Judge  Battin,  Daniel  Wheeler,  B.  T.  Phillips,  Mr.  Tripp,  Mr.  Beeson,  R.  H.  Barn- 
hart,  Thomas  Swearingen,  Gideon  Wheeler,  Archibald  Alison  and  many  others. 

The  first  birth  occurred  in  1853 — Ada  Brigham.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Seymour 
died  the  same  year — the  first  death  in  the  place.  The  first  wedding  was  that  of 
Greene  Hooten  to  Mary  Keith. 

GOVERNMENT. 

Albion  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1870,  the  vote  being  cast  for  and 
against  the  proposed  change  of  government  on  the  8th  of  March.  There  were 
67  affirmative  votes  and  but  5  negative  polled  that  day.  The  Commissioners 
appointed  by  the  Circuit  Court  to  present  the  measure  to  the  people  Avere  H.  S. 
Patrick,  J.  B.  Cripps,  Gideon  Wheeler,  D.  S.  Kellogg  and  D.  Burkhart. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  held  April  22,  1870. 

The  town  officers  are  shown  below  : 

For  1870 — H.  S.  Patrick,  Mayor:  S.  E.  Burroughs,  Recorder;  Trustees 
— A.  Stanley,  G.  Wheeler,  J.  Mitchell,  J.  B.  Cripps  and  E.  C.  McMillan. 

For  1871 — J.  H.  Reynolds,  Mayor;  S.  E.  Burroughs,  Recorder;  Trustees 
A.  Stanley,  E.  C.  McMillan,  W.  E.  Walker,  D.  Burkhart  and  J.  Mitchell. 

For  1872— A.  Stanley,  Mayor;  S.  E.  Burroughs,  Recorder;  M.  P.  Smith 
was  chosen  to  same  office  to  fill  vacancy  ;  Trustees — D.  Burkhart,  H.  Hill,  A. 
C.  Rogers,  E.  Lewis  and  E.  C.  McMillan. 

For  187-3 — H.  S.  Patrick,  Mayor;  M.  P.  Smith,  Recorder;  Trustees — G. 
Wheeler.  J.  Mitchell,  A.  C.  Rogers,  U.  L.  Patton  and  W.  E.  Walker. 

For  1874 — G.  Wheeler,  Mayor;  M.  P.  Smith,  Recorder;  Trustees — A. 
Stanley,  N,  Philbrick,  A.  P.  Augustine,  A.  C.  Rogers  and  J.  E.  Cunningham. 

For  1875— J.  B.  Rolston,  Mayor;  W.  T.  Adell,  Recorder;  Trustees- 
Henry  Emes,  A.  C.  Rogers,  D.  W.  Randolph,  G.  H.  Troutman  and  Frank  Myers. 


508  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

For  1876 — J.  B.  Rolston,  Mayor;  W.  A.  Talks,  Recorder;  Trustees — A. 
C.  Rogers,  S.  C.  Gillespie,  J.  Daniels,  D.  W.  Randolph  and  Henry  Ernes. 

For  1877 — Elias  Ballard,  Mayor  ;  Frank  Williams,  Recorder  ;  Trustees — 
George  Troutman,  Henry  Brigham,  Lancaster  Bell,  Frank  Myers  and  M.  L. 
Fox. 

For  1878 — M.  L.  Fox,  Mayor;  M.  P.  Smith,  Recorder;  Trustees — A. 
Arney,  W.  A.  Tallas,  H.  Brigham,  J.  E.  Cunningham  and  H.  M.  Beeson. 

CHURCHES. 

There  are  several  pro-^perous  church  organizations  in  Albion.  The  follow- 
ing sketches  have  been  handed  us  by  parties  familiar  with  the  religious  history 
of  the  reo^ion.  Although  the  Bethel  society  did  not  originate  at  Albion,  but 
antedated  that  town,  it  may  be  given  a  place  here  because  of  its  subsequent 
work. 

Bethel  ChurcTi. — Some  of  that  body  of  religious  people  known  as  Disciples 
or  Christians  came  from  Owen  County,  Ind.,  and  settled  in  the  bend  of  the 
Iowa  River,  between  where  the  towns  of  Liscomb  and  Albion  have  since  been 
located.  This  was  in  1849,  and  the  people  referred  to  were  the  Hauser  and 
Arney  families.  There  were  several  families  of  them,  and  the  locality  was 
called  the  Hauser- Arney  settlement.  For  a  time,  they  were  deprived  of  the 
regular  ministrations  of  the  Gospel ;  but,  being  people  of  very  decided  religious 
convictions,  they  did  not  long  remain  in  that  destitute  condition. 

In  the  Spring  of  1851,  John  Hauser  and  Wm.  Arney  went  down  to  Ma- 
haska County  and  induced  Elder  Samuel  Wright,  who  was  a  preacher  among 
the  Disciples,  to  return  with  them.  In  May  of  that  year,  Elder  Wright  organ- 
ized the  first  church  of  thai  denomination  in  the  county. 

It  is  claimed  that  this  was  the  first  church  of  any  denomination  organized  in 
this  count}".  The  place  of  meeting  was  in  John  Arney's  dwelling  house.  Elder 
Wright  continued  to  labor  in  the  Gospel  by  that  settlement  for  two  years.  Be- 
fore he  left  them,  the  infant  Church  was  strengthened  in  the  addition  of  a 
number  of  members,  mostly  by  immigration.  Among  the  number  thus  moving 
in  was  Elder  Frederic  Hauser,  who  arrived  in  1852.  For  a  man  of  limited 
education,  he  was  an  able  proclaimer  of  the  ancient  Gospel.  For  more  than 
twenty  years  he  had  labored  in  the  ministry  in  Indiana,  and  had  been  success- 
ful in  adding  many  to  the  Church.  He  was  the  father  of  Jacob  Hauser,  the 
first  County  Clerk  of  Marshall  County. 

Elder  Hauser,  after  working  successfully  in  this  new  country  for  two  years, 
died,  much  loved  and  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

The  little  Church  was  not  left  to  languish  and  die,  for  in  1855,  Elder  Josiah 
Jackson  moved  into  the  neighborhood,  and  preached  one  year.  During  his 
ministrations,  the  organization  was  further  completed  by  the  election  of  Jacob 
Hauser  and  A.  T.  Hall,  as  Deacons.  After  the  removal  of  Josiah  Jackson,  in 
1856,  the  Church  was  without  regular  preacning  for  about  one  year. 

In  1857,  Elder  George  Patton  settled  in  the  neighborhood.  He  was  not  of 
the  same  denomination  as  the  Church  of  which  I  write,  being,  as  he  styled 
himself,  a  Reformed  Dunkard.  He  was  a  good  man,  though  quite  limited  in 
his  education.  The  Church  secured  his  labors  for  one  year.  He  differed,  how- 
ever, from  the  Disciples  to  such  an  extent  that,  in  1858,  there  was  a  division  of 
the  Church,  and  Elder  Patton  organized  a  separate  congregation,  and  they 
called  themselves  simply  Christians.  Some  years  after,  they  united  with  the 
Christians  or  Newlight  Conference,  and  have  remained  in  that  connection  to  the 
present  day. 


3^ 


BANKER 

STATE  CENTRE 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  511 

The  Disciples,  after  this  change,  did  not  do  much  for  two  or  three  years. 
The  constant  immigration,  however,  brought  additions  to  their  numbers. 
Prominent  among  these  were  Isaac  Dennis  and  Dr.  0.  F.  Hixson.  Dr.  Hixson 
was  quite  an  acceptable  preacher,  as  well  as  a  good  physician.  Under  his  leader- 
ship, the  Disciples  re-organi^ed  and  chose  Isaac  Dennis  and  L.  McKinnon  as 
Elders,  and  A.  T.  Hall  as  Deacon,  This  was  in  1863.  For  a  time  they  met 
in  Marietta,  but  soon  after  resumed  their  meetings  in  the  Hauser-Arney 
settlement. 

In  this  year,  1863,  Elder  A.  Gardner,  of  Tama  City,  was  secured  to  labor 
for  the  Church.  He  was  an  able  preacher,  and  during  the  two  years  he 
remained  with  the  Church  there  was  a  large  addition  to  its  membership. 

In  1865,  the  Disciples  and  the  congregation  that  had  been  organized  under 
tlie  leadership  of  Elder  Patton  jointly  built  a  brick  meeting  house,  36x50  feet, 
and  this  house  has  ever  since  been  known  as  Bethel  Church,  and  is  still  occu- 
pied, each  alternate  Sunday,  by  the  two  congregations. 

In  1866,  the  Disciples  employed  as  their  Pastor  Elder  H.  A.  McConnell, 
who  is  an  able  preacher.  He  continued  his  ministrations  for  five  years.  Dur- 
ing this  time,  the  Church  grew  to  such  an  extent  that  its  membership  was  about 
two  hundred.  It  is  famous  for  having  swarmed  no  less  than  three  times.  It 
has  been  called,  not  inappropriately,  the  "Bee-Hive  Church." 

The  first  one  of  these  "swarms"  was  the  Albion  Church,  in  1871.  The 
following  year,  the  members  living  west  of  the  Iowa  River  organized  a  Church 
at  Bevins  Grove,  and  this  is  known  as  the  second  swarm.  In  1876,  the  mem- 
bers of  the  old  Bethel  Church  living  in  and  about  Liscomb  organized  in  that 
village,  and  that  constituted  swarm  number  three.  These  swarms  so  weakened 
the  old  Church  that  its  membership  was  reduced  at  one  time  to  about  thirty. 
Still  it  has  always  kept  up  its  meeting,  and  has  preaching  part  of  the  time. 

After  Elder  McConnell  closed  his  five-years  pastorate,  in  1871,  the  Church 
was  led  by  Elder  J.  G.  Encell  for  a  few  months.  He  was  followed  by  Elder 
G.  L.  Brokaw.  Then  Elder  A.  Hickey  preached  for  the  Church  one  year. 
Elder  P.  T.  Russell  preached  for  the  Church  once  a  month  during  the  year 
1876. 

Beginning  with  the  year  1877,  Elder  F.  Walden  preached  for  the  Church 
during  part  of  his  time,  and  still  continues  in  that  work.  Last  Winter,  the 
Church  was  blessed  with  a  revival,  under  the  labors  of  their  present  Pastor,  and 
twenty-two  were  added  to  the  roll.  The  present  membership  is  between  fifty 
and  sixty.  The  Elders  are  Jacob  Hauser  and  John  McKibbon  ;  the  Deacons, 
P.  D.  Beatty  and  Wm.  Beach.     Elder  F.  Walden  is  Pastor. 

Blethodist  Episcopal  Church. — Father  Solomon  Dunton,  the  pioneer  mis- 
sionary, held  service  after  the  forms  of  this  Church  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Dawson, 
in  1853.  The  place  of  meeting  was  a  log  house.  There  were  but  six  or  eight 
members,  among  whom  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burch,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Payne  and 
Solomon  Denbow  and  wife.  The  first  church  edifice  was  built  in  1858,  under 
the  administration  of  Rev.  John  Montgomery.  The  society  was  four  years  in 
building  the  small  church.  The  first  Trustees  were  Addison  White,  Adam 
Louck,  Solomon  Denbow  and  Emmanuel  Long.  The  church  was  dedicated  by 
Rev.  John  Bowman,  of  Waterloo.  The  regular  Pastors  after  Mr.  Dunton,  were 
Mr.  Pettifish,  Solomon  Dunton,  Mr.  Babcock,  C.  G.  Truesdell,  John  Mont- 
gomery, W.  Bell,  John  Dudley,  Thomas  Thompson,  J.  Eberhart,  0.  B.  Bowles, 
D.  N.  Mallory,  U.  Eberhart,  J.  Ward,  W.  B.  Frazell,  and  the  present  Pastor, 
J.  M.  Hedges.  The  Church  is  in  a  very  satisfactory  condition,  and  has  a 
membership  of  165. 


.512  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

The  Presbyterian  Ohurch  was  organized  in  1856,  by  Rev.  James  Gordon, 
now  residing  in  Tecumseh,  Kansas.  There  were  ten  members,  Archibald 
Alison  was  one  of  the  first  Elders,  and  has  ever  since  held  that  place.  Mr. 
Gordon  remained  in  charge  for  five  years.  At  the  close  of  his  ministrations 
there  were  thirty  members  on  the  rolls. 

In  1861,  the  Church  was  changed  from  Presbyterian  to  Lutheran,  with  Rev. 
A.  M.  Geiger  in  charge,  who  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  C.  Shafer.  At  this 
time  the  Seminary  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Lutherans,  and  Messrs.  Geiger  and 
Shafer  were  at  the  head  of  the  institute  during  their  respective  pastorates.  In 
1865,  Dr.  L.  Sternburg  succeeded  Mr.  Shafer  in  his  dual  office. 

In  1868,  the  Church  was  re-organized  by  Rev.  H.  H.  Kellogg,  then  of  Mar- 
shalltown.  Dr.  Sternburg  remained  in  charge  for  some  months  after  the  latter 
change,  and  then  removed  to  Ft.  Harker,  Kansas,  where  he  is  still  residing. 
Pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  that  place.  Rev.  John  Summers  next 
took  the  lead  of  the  Albion  society,  and  remained  there  for  four  years,  when  he 
died.  Rev.  Isaiah  Reed  next  was  Pastor,  for  eighteen  months,  when  Rev.  W. 
R.  Smith  took  the  place  vacated  by  him,  and  retained  his  pastoral  relations  for 
one  and  a  half  years.  He  was  instrumental  in  building  a  church  edifice  which 
cost  $3,000.  The  present  Pastor,  Rev.  David  Chapman,  late  of  Philadelphia, 
moved  to  Albion  in  the  Winter  of  1877-8.  Sixty  five  members  were  added 
that  Winter,  by  a  revival. 

Tlie  IHsciple  Churcli. — In  1871,  the  Disciples  living  in  and  about  Albion 
thought  it  best  to  organize  a  church  in  town  rather  than  to  go  out  three  miles 
into  the  country  and  meet  at  Bethel,  as  they  had  hitherto  done.  Elder  H.  A. 
McConnell  was  preaching  at  Bethel  and  it  was  under  his  ministrations  that  the 
Albion  Church  was  organized.  At  first  only  about  twenty  members  of  the  old 
Bethel  Church  went  into  this  organization.  Subsequently  others  moved  their 
membership  to  the  town  Church.  Bethel  lost  in  the  first  "  swarm  "  some  thirty 
or  forty  members.  These  were,  however,  faithful  workers  in  their  new  field 
and  have  grown  up  to  a  present  membership  of  about  one  hundred.  In  1872 
the  Church  built  a  neat  frame  meeting  house  36x48.  The  Church  had  as 
their  preacher  in  1872-3,  a  young  man  of  the  name  of  John  L.  Needham.  In 
1873,  he  died.  In  1873-4,  Elder  J.  G.  Enull  was  their  preacher.  He  was  fol- 
lowed by  Elder  A.  Ilickey,  who  preached  one  year.  The  Church  enjoyed 
monthly  visits  from  Elder  F.  M.  Bruner,  President  of  Oskaloosa  College,  in 
1876.  With  the  beginning  of  1877,  Elder  F.  Walden  began  his  labors  as 
Pastor,  and  continues  in  that  capacity  to  the  present.  Since  their  present  Pas- 
tor began  his  labors,  about  fifty  have  been  added  to  the  Church.  The  present 
membership  is  about  one  hundred.  The  officers  are:  Ira  R.  Arney,  A.  T. 
Hall  and  M.  McLelland,  Elders  ;  J.  M.  Burkhart  and  D.  G.  Bishop,  Deacons. 
Elder  F.   Walden,  Pastor. 

Society  of  Friends. — The  original  settlement  of  Friends  was  made  in  Ban- 
gor Township  at  an  early  date.  The  post  office  was  called  Western  Plain,  and 
was  established  long  before  the  town  of  Bangor  was  planned.  The  Society 
goes  back  to  1854,  at  which  time  James  Owens,  Abijah  Hodjins,  Jacob  Kinser 
and  John  Hockett  were  leading  members.  The  first  marriage  celebrated  under 
the  rites  of  the  Church  was  that  of  Enoch  Lewis  and  wife,  August  21,  1856. 
The  latter  couple  moved  to  Albion  and  are  now  among  the  leading  members  of 
the  Society  of  which  we  write.  In  1873-4,  meetings  were  held  in  Albion,  with 
Mrs.  Hannah  Lewis  as  the  prime  mover.  Abram  Stanley  and  wife  were  the 
first  Friends  to  locate  in  the  vicinity  of  Albion,  and  with  Enoch  Lewis  and 
wife,  William  T.  Adell  and  wife,  Elijah   Stanley  and  wife,  Milton  J.  Hussey 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  513 

and  wife,  and  Hannah,  Elizabeth  G.  and  Hannah  N.  Lewis,  formed  a  society  in 
that  town.  Meetings  were  held  at  various  places  until  October,  1877,  when 
the  Society  purchased  the  school  house  vacated  upon  the  completion  of  the  new 
school  building,  and  converted  it  into  a  house  of  worship.  The  present  Trustees 
ees  are  Lancaster  Bell  and  Enoch  Lewis.    The  Society  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

POST    OFFICE. 

Although  the  town  was  originally  called  La  Fayette,  the  p  ost  oflBce  was 
Albion  from  the  date  of  its  location,  owing  to  the  fact  that  there  already  was  a 
La  Fayette  in  the  State.  The  office  was  established  in  the  Fall  of  1853.  H. 
H.  Seymour  was  the  first  Postmaster.  E.  Alford  succeeded  him.  Then 
Thomas  Parnell  held  the  place.  He  was  succeeded  by  Geo.  E.  Keyes. 
Gideon  Wheeler  was  appointed  in  1866,  and  still  retains  the  office. 

MASONIC. 

There  is  but  one  secret  society  in  Albion  :  Damascus  Lodge,  No.  268, 
A.,  F.  if  A.  M.  Began  work  under  dispensation  September  13, 1869.  Charter 
granted  June,  1870,  with  the  following  first  officers:  S.  E.  Burroughs,  W.  M.; 
E.  C.  McMillan,  S.  W.;  Wm.  Denbow,  J.  W.;  J.  U.  Heacock,  Treasurer  ; 
Charles  C.  Berry,  Secretary  ;  Henry  Hill,  S.  D.;  E.  Hill.  J.  D.;  J.  H.  Rey- 
nolds, Steward  ;  G.  Wheeler,  Tiler.  The  present  officers  are  ;  J.  S.  Hixson, 
W.  M.;  A.  S.  Wylie,  S.  W.;  D.  W.  Randolph,  J.  W.;  H.  S.  Patrick,  Treas- 
urer; U.  L.  Patton,  Secretary;  J.  N.  Howell,  S.  D.;  L.  McKinnon,  J.  D.;  J. 
Moran,  S.  S.;  J.  Rolston,  J.   S.;  J.  Gruber,  Tiler.      Membership,  fifty-seven. 

GENERAL   ITEMS. 

The  present  business  interests  of  Albion  are  :  One  dry  goods  store,  five 
groceries,  one  boot  and  shoe  store,  one  drug  store,  one  furniture  store  and 
cabinet  shop,  one  painter,  one  carpenter,  two  blacksmith  shops,  two  wagon 
shops,  two  barbed  wire  fence  shops,  one  nursery  and  two  elevators.  The  latter 
are  the  leading  business  enterprises  in  the  place.  Patton  k  Rolston  and  W. 
D.  Post  are  the  respective  owners,  and  deal  extensively  in  grain,  cattle,  hogs 
and  lumber. 

There  are  three  physicians  in  the  town. 

THE    ALBION    SEMINARY. 

The  leading  denominational  or  independent  educational  institution  in  this 
county  is  the  Albion  Seminary,  which  is  conducted  by  and  under  the  general 
patronage  of  the  Methodist  Episcopals  of  the  Upper  Iowa  Conference. 

The  Seminary  became  the  property  of  the  Methodists  in  1872.  The  Articles 
of  Incorporation  were  dated  October  4th  of  that  year.  The  name  by  which  it 
is  designated  was  then  chosen,  and  the  property  placed  in  the  hands  of  fifteen 
Trustees,  five  of  whom  are  annually  replaced,  the  new  members  entering  upon 
a  three-year  term  of  office. 

The  realty  was  conditionally  transferred  by  Mr.  T.  Swearingen  to  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  but  in  the  name  of  the  Albion  Seminary,  so  that  the  title  is  not 
vested  in  individuals. 

The  first  Board  consisted  of  T.  W.  Tucker,  John  Bowman,  1).  R.  Randolph, 
J.  Montgomery,  C.  F.  Clarkson,  E.  Lewis,  F.  M.  Robertson,  G.  H.  Troutman, 
S.  A.  Lee,  D.^Hatton,  J.  C.  McVay,  J.  B.  Tailor,  J.  B.  Ralston,  U.  Eberhart 
and  E.  J.  Coffin. 


514  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

This  Board  chose  C.  F.  Clarkson  for  President ;  Uriah  Eberhart  and  S.  A. 
Lee,  A^ice  Presidents ;  Enoch  Lewis,  Secretary  ;  J.  B.  Rolston,  Treasurer. 

The  gentlemen  proceeded  to  secure  a  sufficient  sum  to  endow  the  Seminary, 
and  for  the  first  two  years  the  records  show  a  vigorous  fight  for  life. 

The  property  occupied  by  the  Seminary  is  the  building  originally  erected 
for  the  Marshall  County  High  School,  and  the  eight  lots  of  land  upon  which 
the  edifice  stands.  The  history  of  this  venture  is  related  further  on  in  this 
chapter. 

The  first  session  of  school  began  in  the  Fall  of  1872,  with  Samuel  G.  Smith 
as  Principal ;  Misses  Abbie  Gilford  and  Lizzie  Roberts,  Teachers,  and  Mrs. 
Cripps,  Instructor  in  Music. 

The  second  year  began  with  Mr.  Smith  still  in  the  Principal's  chair ;  John 
Sanborn,  Teacher  of  Mathematics ;  G.  T.  Cowgill,  Assistant ;  Lizzie  Roberts, 
Teacher  of  English  ;  Mary  Marine,  Teacher  of  Music  ;  J.  B.  Ward,  Mrs.  M. 
R.  Ward  and  W.  T.  Adell,  of  the  Faculty. 

The  first  catalogue  issued  was  for  the  year  ending  June  16,  1875.  The 
faculty  then  consisted  of:  Samuel  G.  Smith,  Principal  and  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages ;  John  Sanborn,  Professor  of  Mathematics ;  Miss  Anna  Carter,  Teacher 
of  English ;  Rev.  Wm.  B.  Frazell,  Teacher  of  Physiology  ;  Henry  B.  Cour- 
sen.  Teacher  of  Music :  J.  B.  Carpenter,  Teacher  of  Vocal  Music  ;  R.  L. 
Rowe  and  W.  T.  Adell,  Commercial  Department ;  Miss  Elizabeth  Roberts, 
Primary  Department. 

The  attendance  was : 

SEMINARY    DEPARTMENT. 

Sophomores 9 

Freshmen 20 

COLLEGE    DEPARTMENT. 

First  year 12 

SEMINARY    PREPARATORY. 

Seniors  85 

Juniors 69 

Commercial 21 

Music 28 

Total 244 

Counted  twice 36 

Students  in  attendance 208 

The  general  scope  and  design  were  set  forth  as  follows : 

1.  To  furnish  an  English  education  to  a  class  of  students  whose  early 
advantages  were  few,  and  yet  whose  age  and  general  development  enable  them 
do  to  work  more  rapidly  than  is  possible  in  our  graded  schools. 

2.  To  prepare  young  men  and  women  for  admission  to  the  classical  college 
courses  of  higher  institutions. 

3.  To  afford  a  general  education  and  culture  to  those  who  desire  more  than 
a  common  school  education,  and  yet  are  compelled  to  accept  less  than  a  regular 

course. 

4.  To  give  to  all  who  may  come  under  its  influence  such  an  intellectual 
and  moral  bias  as  shall  tend  to  make  them  well  balanced  men  and  women. 

The  corporation  then  valued  its  property  in  building,  grounds,  notes,  etc., 
at  $25,000,  $8,000  of  which  was  productive. 

The  Faculty  for  the  college  year  1875-6  consisted  of  John  Sanborn,  Princi- 
pal, Mathematics  and  Latin;  Rev.  J.  S.  Mclntyre,  Science  and  History;  H. 
B.  Coursen,  Music  and  Bookkeeping  ;  Miss  Ida  M.  Gause,  Drawing  and  Paint- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  515 

ing ;  Miss  Lizzie  Roberts,  English  and  Penmanship  ;  W.  T.  Adell,  Commercial 
Department ;   Clara  G.   Swearingen,  W.  K.   Williams  and  Minnie  R.  Beach, 
Assistant  Teachers  ;   Clara  G.  Swearengen,  Librarian. 
The  attendance  Avas  : 

NORMAL    DEPARTMENT. 

Senior  Year 1 

Middle     "   4 

Junior     "  24 

COLLEGE    PREPARATORY. 

First  year 13 

SEMINARY    PREPARATORY. 

Seniors 71 

Juniors ^..     56 

Music 48 

Total 217 

Counted  twice , 32 

Students  in  attendance 185 

The  Faculty  for  1876-7  was  as  follows :  Prof.  John  Sanborn,  A.  M.,  Prin- 
cipal, Mathematics  and  Latin ;  Rev.  John  S.  Mclntyre,  B.  S.,  Science  and 
History  ;  Miss  Adalena  N.  McCormac,  Music,  French  and  German  ;  Prof. 
Geo.  H.  Blanchard,  Commercial  Department ;  Miss  Jennie  M.  Beasom,  Draw- 
ing and  Painting ;  Jessie  B.  Swearingen.  Almira  J.  Hedges,  Primary  ;  Laura 
Fallas,  Librarian. 

The  attendance  fell  off  during  the  year  to  the  following : 

NORMAL    DEPARTMENT. 

Senior  Year 3 

Middle    " 5 

Junior     "     15 

COLLEGE    PREPARATORY. 

First  Year 10 

SEMINARY    PREPARATORY. 

Seniors .52 

Juniors 60 

Music 55 

Commercial 28 

Total 228 

Counted  twice 73 

Students  in  attendance 155 

The  Faculty  for  1877-8  was :  John  Sanborn,  A.  M.,  Principal,  Mathemat- 
ics and  Latin ;  Prof.  Edward  P.  Fogg,  Science  and  History ;  Miss  Adalena  N. 
McCormac,  Music,  French  and  German;  Prof  Charles  H.  Taylor,  Commer- 
cial Department ;  Miss  Jennie  M.  Beasom,  Drawing  and  Painting  ;  Miss  Sarah 
C.  Coble,  Primary  ;  M.  I.  Swearingen,  Librarian. 

The  attendance  was  increased  during  this  year,  notwithstanding  the  institu- 
tion of  an  excellent  public  school  in  the  village.  The  classes  were  made  up  as 
follows : 

NORMAL    DEPARTMENT. 

Senior  Year 2 

Middle    "     3 

Junior    "    14 

COLLEGE    PREPARATORY'. 

Second   Year 3  « 

First         "     6 


516  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

SEMINARY    PREPARATOKY. 

Seniors 39 

Juniors 38 

Music 80 

Commercial 37 

Total 222 

Counted  twice 47 

Students  in  attendance 175 

The  present  year,  beginning  September  5th,  1878,  opens  with  good  cause 
for  courage  on  the  part  of  the  friends  of  the  Seminary.  The  building  has  been 
repaired  and  is  now  a  pleasant  place  of  recitation.  A  portion  of  the  building 
is  rented  to  students,  as  lodging  rooms. 

The  Faculty  now  consists  of  the  following-named  ladies  and  gentlemen  : 
Rev.  W.  F.  Barclay,  A.  M.,  Principal,  and  Professor  of  Mental  and  Moral 
Science  and  Language ;  Edward  P.  Fogg,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Science ;  Mrs.  Jessie  Fogg,  Assistant ;  Mrs.  Jennie  Doron  Barclay,  Teacher  of 

Elocution ; ,  Teacher  of  Music,  French  and  German  ;  Prof.  E. 

P.  Fogg,  Teacher  of  Commercial  Department. 

Rev.  Uriah  Eberhart  is  President,  and  D.  W.  Randolph,  Treasurer,  of  the 
Board.  Prof  Fogg  has  charge  of  the  Seminary  building.  An  era  of  pros- 
perity is  about  to  begin,  we  have  no  doubt,  since  the  Conference  has  manifested 
a  strong  disposition  to  work  in  the  interests  of  the  institution.  The  checkered 
history  of  the  school  is  to  end  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  The  people  of  the 
county  should  labor  to  attain  the  object  in  view,  and  fully  realize  the  import  of 
the  old  adage,  "  all's  well  that  ends  well." 

EARLY    HISTORY    OF    THE    PROPERTY. 

A  sketch  of  the  origin  of  the  school  building  now  used  by  the  Methodists 
will  not  be  uninteresting.  Like  all  other  matters  of  the  decade  of  '50-' 60, 
the  omnipresent  county  seat  fight  enters  largely  into  the  record  of  the  insti- 
tution. 

There  are  several  items  of  contemporaneous  history  necessary  to  mention,  as 
explanatory  of  the  conditions  upon  which  the  school  was  conceived  and  created. 

The  county  of  Marshall  had  received  from  the  State  a  large  quantity  of 
lands  known  as  swamp  lands,  and  as  such  transferred  by  the  United  States 
Government  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  which  lands  were  designed  to  redeem  un- 
tillable  lands,  by  devoting  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  thereof  to  the  draining  of 
swamps  and  sloughs.  The  total  value  of  the  swamp  land  appropriation  in  this 
county  was  something  over  |50,000  originally.  At  the  date  of  which  we  write, 
there  was  still  a  large  amount  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  county.  Nature  had 
been  generous  with  Marshall,  however,  and  arranged  a  plan  of  drainage  far  su- 
perior to  that  of  the  most  skillful  civil  engineer.  The  hills  and  valleys  of  the 
county  had  performed  the  work  so  essential  to  the  health  and  prosperity  of  man. 
The  county  found  its  fertile  acres  free  from  standing  water,  and  still  had  a 
rich  fund  in  the  treasury.  The  fund  could  not  be  drawn  out  to  the  relief  of  any 
other  account  without  special  action  of  the  Legislature,  and  to  that  source  of 
remedy  the  eyes  of  the  people  were  turned. 

The  educational  interests  of  the  State  have  always  been  jealously  watched  ; 
so  much  so  that  discretion  has  not  always  been  manifested.  The  methods  some- 
times resorted  to,  to  aid  a  good  cause,  have  been  pronounced  unconstitutional. 
Thus  it  was  that  the  establishment  of  a  high  school  by  direct  taxation,  as  pro- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  517 

posed  by  the  Legislature,  at  about  the  time  now  referred  to,  was  set  aside, 
practically,  by  Justice  Wright's  decision  that  direct  tax  could  not  be  levied  and 
administered  upon  like  other  county  funds.  The  rendering  of  this  opinion,  be- 
ing contemporaneous  with  the  events  soon  to  be  recited,  was  a  governing  cause 
in  the  eflFects  now  to  be  written  about 

The  Legislature  passed  a  bill  providing  for  the  employment  of  the  unneeded 
swamp  land  funds,  in  such  counties  as  Marshall,  for  the  "erection  of  county 
buildings  or  for  other  improvements."     This  law  was  approved  January  25, 1855. 

A  subsequent  Legislative  enactment  introduced  the  plan  of  establishing  in- 
stitutions of  learning  in  counties  of  a  certain  size  ;  the  schools  to  partake  of  the 
character  of  the  present  Normal  Department  of  the  public  schools. 

The  theory  upon  which  these  schools  were  to  be  sustained  involved  direct 
taxation,  a  plan  which  did  not  meet  with  general  approval.  The  system  was 
passed  upon  by  the  Supreme  Court,  as  alluded  to  herein,  but  at  a  date  subse- 
quent to  the  action  of  the  people  in  this  county. 

Upon  this  portion  of  the  history  of  the  movement,  there  is  great  obscurity. 
We  can  find  no  one  who  remembers  the  details  of  proceedings  clearly  enough 
to  warrant  recital  as  facts,  nor  are  there  any  records  extant.  We  give  what 
appears  to  be  an  approximation  of  correctness,  but  do  not  represent  the  account 
as  absolutely  reliable.  We  have  consulted  with  many  of  the  original  partici- 
pators in  the  affair,  and  experience  no  slight  surprise  at  the  remarkable  una- 
nimity of  bad  memory  concerning  the  incidents  of  this  part  of  the  county  history. 

Judge  Smith  informs  us  that  during  the  year  1857,  or  about  that  time,  a 
vote  was  taken  by  the  people  on  the  question  of  the  establishment  of  the  school, 
but  a  negative  decision  was  the  result. 

Ai  this  period,  the  county  seat  fight  was  raging,  and  the  town  of  Albion 
stood  as  an  intermediate  power,  holding  the  two  factions — Marietta  and  Mar- 
shalltown — in  check.  As  Albion  went,  so  went  the  battle.  It  was  exceedingly 
natural  that  the  little  town  should  feel  its  oats,  and  play  the  Bismarck  in  the 
contest. 

Marietta  saw  its  golden  opportunity,  and  at  once  offer  proposals  to  her 
neighbor.  There  may  have  been  no  definite  agreement  between  the  leaders  of 
these  towns,  but  it  seemed  to  be  understood  that,  if  Albion  would  vote  for  Mar- 
ietta, the  latter  would  raise  $3,000  for  the  high  school,  and  donate  it  to  the 
good  cause. 

Such  an  alliance  could  not  be  kept  a  secret,  of  course,  and  Marshalltown 
soon  heard  of  the  plan.  Mr.  Woodbury  at  once  blocked  the  game  by  raising 
the  amount  by  voluntary  subscriptions,  considerably  above  the  sum  proposed  by 
Marietta. 

Notes  were  issued  by  both  parties,  and  Albion  set  to  work  to  raise  a  fund 
of  her  own.  The  result  of  the  negotiations  was  that  Albion  voted  for  Marshall- 
town  as  county  seat,  and  the  victory  was  won  by  the  latter.  Of  this  matter  we 
speak  fully  in  the  chapter  on  the  county  seat  conflict. 

After  the  election  had  passed  off  favorably  to  Marshalltown,  the  notes  given 
for  the  school  began  to  trouble  the  minds  of  the  makers  thereof.  How  to  effect 
a  compromise  with  Albion  and  become  relieved  of  the  embarrassing  obligations, 
was  the  prevailing  study  with  the  shrewd  Marshalltowners.  Nor  was  Marietta 
far  behind  in  the  desire  to  open  up  a  new  lead.  "  There  were  giants  in  those 
days,"  we  sincerely  believe  ;  for  a  patient  delving  among  the  records  of  the 
County  Court  and  the  swamp  land  books,  shows  that  the  imputation  of  dullness 
cannot  be  truthfully  made  against  the  men  engaged  in  the  manipulation  of  the 
matter  at  this  stage  of  the  proceedings. 


518  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

It  the  year  1858,  the  public  school  system  of  this  State  was  so  arranged 
that  an  advisory  organization,  known  as  the  Board  or  Presidents,  existed  herein, 
and  was  composed  of  the  several  Presidents  of  the  School  Boards  in  the  county. 

During  the  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1857-8,  a  bill  was  passed,  and  ap- 
proved March  12,  1858,  authorizing  the  creation  of  an  institution  of  learning, 
to  be  called  a  "  high  school,"  but  to  embody  the  plans  and  principles  of  what 
is  now  known  as  a  normal  school. 

In  1858,  the  Board  of  Presidents  resolved  to  establish  a  high  school  in 
this  county.  The  question  first  to  be  decided  was  the  important  one  of  location. 
At  this  point  in  the  history  the  veil  is  lifted  from  the  apparent,  and  the  writer 
finds  himself  facing  that  Avhich  was  once  secret — the  motives  of  those  who  con- 
ceived  the  construction  of  the  school.  We  have  no  doubt  that  there  was  an 
honest  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Board  to  benefit  the  youth  of  the  county  by 
insuring  greater  educational  advantages  ;  but  there  was  an  undercurrent  beneath 
the  smooth  surface  of  the  transactions  of  that  body. 

Prominent  among  the  members  was  the  ever-active  G.  M.  Woodbury,  who 
was  pei'sonally  interested  in  the  notes,  and  who  regarded  the  interests  of  Mar- 
shalltown  as  his  own. 

If  the  writers  of  those  notes  could  be  relieved  at  no  expense  to  the  county, 
and  the  high  school  still  realize  as  much  or  greater  benefit  from  some  other 
plan,  there  surely  was  no  harm  in  the  inauguration  of  a  new  scheme. 

The  most  characteristic  item  we  have  encountered  in  the  Marshall  County 
Times  is  the  one  given  bel-ow,  which  appeared  November  10,  1858.  It  is  par- 
tially explanatory  of  itself,  but  the  modest  lack  of  knowledge  manifested  by  the 
editor  is  peculiarly  naive.  To  those  whose  memories  are  refreshed  by  this 
chapter,  the  item  will  be  exceedingly  amusing : 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Baard  of  Presidents  some  time  since,  that  body  determined  to  establish 
a  High  School  under  the  new  law,  but  without  expense  to  the  county  in  the  erection  of  suitable 
buildings.  They  accordingly  elected  a  Board  of  Trustees,  viz. :  G.  M.  Woodbury,  William  Di- 
shon,  William  H.  Howard,  L.  W.  Lockwood,  .John  C.  Hopkins,  Jacob  Glass  and  Isaac  Ringland, 
and  left  the  door  wide  open  for  competitions  in  donations  as  inducements  to  the  location  of  the 
school.  Several  meetings  of  the  Board  were  held  with  a  view  to  locating  the  institutioa,  but 
without  arriving  at  any  conclusion,  until  last  Saturdy  the  die  was  cast  in  favor  of  our  fair  sister 
Albion  (late  La  Fayette).  The  Board  accepted  the  proposition  of  that  town  to  erect  buildings  for 
the  school  at  that  place  without  expense  to  the  county,  worth  not  less  than  $5,000.  We  con- 
gratulate Albion  upon  her  good  fortune,  and  trust  she  may  soon  rejoice  in  the  realization  of  her 
highest  hopes  from  the  benefits  of  Marshall  Countj/  High  School.  Her  liberality  is  praiseworthy, 
and  we  take  pleasure  in  commending  the  enterprise  and  public  spirit  of  her  citizens. 

To  carry  out  the  plan  of  the  Board  of  Presidents,  they  formed  themselves 
into  a  High  School,  for  purposes  of  negotiation.  Albion  organized  a  Marshall 
County  High  School  Company,  becoming  incorporated  under  the  State  laws, 
and  issued  stock  at  $25  per  share. 

The  following  agreement  was  entered  into  between  the  two  bodies : 

Article  of  Agreement,  made  and  entered  into  by  and  between  the  Mar- 
shall County  High  School  Company,  of  the  county  of  Marshall  and  State  of 
Iowa,  of  the  one  part,  and  "  The  Pligh  School  of  the  county  of  Marshall  and 
State  of  Iowa,"  organized  and  erected  into  a  body  corporate  under  the  act  of 
the  Legislature  of  Iowa,  entitled  "An  act  for  the  public  instruction  of  the  State 
of  Iowa,"  approved  March  12,  1858,  of  the  other  part  witnesseth  : 

That  the  said  Company  hereby  covenants  and  agrees  with  the  said  High 
School  of  the  county  and  State  aforesaid,  that  in  consideration  of  the  location 
of  said  High  School  by  the  Trustees  thereof  at  the  town  of  Albion,  in  said 
county,  and  other  good  and  sufficient  consideration  the  said  Company  thereunto 
moving,   the  said   Company   shall   and  will  erect,   build   and  complete  at  the 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  519 


proper  cost  and  charges  of  said  Company,  and  without  expense  to  said  county, 
suitable  buihiings  for  the  use  and  purposes  of  said  High  School,  of  the  value  of 
five  thousand  dollars,  said  buildings  and  thfe  lots  of  ground  (eight  in  number) 
on  which  the  same  shall  or  may  be  erected  by  said  Company  shall  be  conveyed 
wholly  to  said  High  Schoo\  free  from  all  incumbrance  when  completed,  and  to 
be  the  absolute  property  and  estate  of  the  said  High  School  so  long  as  the  same 
shall  be  used  for  the  purposes  of  said  High  School ;  the  buildings  to  be  erected 
according  to  plans  to  be  furnished  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  said  High 
School,  said  plans  to  require  an  outlay,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  of  five  thou- 
sand dollars.  And  that  the  said  High  School,  in  consideration  of  the  erection 
and  conveyance  of  the  buildings  and  lots,  or  lot.  as  hereinbefore  mentioned 
and  specified,  is  and  shall  be  located  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  thereof  at  the 
town  of  Albion,  in  said  county  and  State,  with  all  the  powers,  privileges  and 
rights  conferred  upon  it  by  law,  except  as  to  the  levying  of  taxes  for  the  erec- 
tion of  buildings  for  the  inimediate  use  of  said  school  by  the  County  Judge. 

It  is  mutually  agreed  and  understood  by  and  between  the  parties  hereto, 
that  the  said  Company  shall  erect  the  buildings  as  aforesaid  within  two  years 
from  the  date  hereof,  and  convey  the  same  immediately  to  the  High  School 
upon  its  completion.  And  if  the  parties  shall  disagree  upon  the  estimate  of  the 
value  of  the  buildings,  as  provided  for  in  the  first  part  of  these  articles,  then  the 
said  Company  shall  select  and  appoint  one  arbitrator  and  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  said  High  School  shall  select  and  appoint  another,  and  the  two  thus  selected 
and  appointed  shall  select  and  appoint  a  third,  and  they  or  a  majority  of  them 
shall  determine  the  matters  in  dispute — said  arbitrators  all  to  reside  out  of  the 
the  county  of  Marshall,  and  be  otherwise  disinterested. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  parties  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  affixed 
their  seals  this  8th  day  of  November,  A.  D.  1858. 

Edwin  N.  Chapin, 

President  Marshall  High  School  Co. 
Thomas  J.  Wilson,  Jr.,  per  E.  N.  C.v 

Secretary  31.  C.  H.  S.  Co. 
G.  M.  Woodbury, 
President  of  the  High  School  of  the  County  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa. 

I.  J.  Teagarden,  Secretary. 

For  some  reason,  this  contract  did  not  hold  good ;  possibly  because  of  a 
lack  of  accompanying  bond.  At  all  events,  the  first  agreement  was  supplanted 
by  the  following,  which  shows  that  Mr.  Chapin  had  retired  from  the  Presidency 
of  the  Company,  and  had  been  succeeded  by  Thomas  Swearingen  : 

This  Contract,  made  and  executed  in  duplicate,  the  25th  day  of  January, 
A.  D.  1859,  between  the  Marshall  County  High  School  Company  of  Albion, 
Iowa,  organized  and  erected  into  a  body  corporate  under  the  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature of  Iowa — Chapter  44  of  the  Code — of  the  First,  and  the  County  of 
Marshall,  State  of  Iowa,  of  the  Second  part, 

Witnesseth :  That  in  consideration  of  the  covenants  of  the  second  party 
hereinafter  named,  and  one  dollar  in  hand  paid,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby 
acknowledged,  and  provided  always  that  the  said  second  party  shall  appropriate, 
in  due  form  of  law,  the  sum  of  Ten  Thousand  Dollars,  from  the  Swamp  Land 
Fund  of  said  county,  for  the  purposes  hereinafter  described,  the  said  first  party 
does  hereby  covenant  and  agree  to  erect  such  a  seminary  for  educational  pur- 
poses, in  accordance  with  the  recorded  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  said 
first  party,  said  seminary  to  be  located  in  the  town  of  Albion,  Marshall  County, 
Iowa,  of  the  value  of  not  less  than  Five   Thousand  Dollars,  and  otherwise  in 


520  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

consonance  with  Articles  of  Agreement  made  by  this  said  first  party,  with  "  The 
High  School  of  the  County  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa."  Executed  the  8th  day 
of  November,  A.  D.  1858.  The  said  seminary  also  to  be  dedicated  and  appro- 
priated as  by  the  said  last  aforesaid  Article  of  Nov.  8th,  1858.  The  remainder 
of  the  said  sum  of  Ten  Thousand  Dollars,  which  shall  not  be  appropriated  to 
the  bona  fide  erection  of  said  seminary,  shall  be  reserved  as  a  contingent  fund 
for  the  employment  of  teachers,  the  purchase  of  library  and  other  furnishing, 
sustaining  and  providing  therefor  and  keeping  the  said  seminary  in  repair. 

And  the  said  second  party  covenants  to  submit  to  the  voters  of  Marshall 
County  the  question  of  the  above  appropriation  of  the  Swamp  Land  Fund,  as 
early  as  practicable,  and,  if  the  measures  shall  be  by  them  adopted,  to  derote 
the  said  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  as  above  specified,  provided  that  a  good 
and  sufficient  bond  in  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  conditioned  for  the 
faithful  execution  of  this  article,  shall  be  executed  by  the  said  first  party  to  this 
second  party,  and  provided  that  none  of  the  above  moneys  shall  be  drawn  from 
the  Treasurer  of  Marshall  County,  except  by  an  order  signed  by  the  President 
and  countersigned  by  the  Secretary  of  the  said  first  party,  specifically  stating 
for  and  to  what  purpose  the  amount  of  said  order  is  to  be  applied. 

Witness  our  hands  this,  the  25th  day  of  January,  1859,  and  the  seals  of  the 
respective  parties.  Thomas  Swearingen,  President. 

Thomas  J.  Wilson,  Secretary 
Of  the  Marshall  County  High  School  Co. 
James  L.  Williams,  Clerk 
Of  the  District  Court  and  acting  County  Judge  in  the  absence  of  William  C. 
Smith.,  County  Judge.  bond 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  That  the  Marshall  County  High  School 
Company  as  principal,  and  Stephen  Tripp,  H.  C.  Knapp,  Thomas  J.  Spindler, 
M.  A.  Tucker,  Wm.  E.  Walker,  S.  M.  Pepper,  Wm.  Parnell,  Terry  Gowing, 
Samuel  R.  Culp,  John  Montgomery,  I.  J.  Ferguson,  J.  W.  Tripp,  H.  S.  Pat- 
rick, John  H.  Amery,  Samuel  Andrews,  Volney  S.  Bartlett,  Gideon  Wheeler, 
A.  E.  White,  B.  G.  Phillips,  A.  Loucks,  M.  Perigo,  R.  McRill,  et  al,  as  sure- 
ties, are  held  and  firmly  bound  unto  Marshall  County,  State  of  Iowa,  in  the 
penal  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  well  and  truly  to  be  paid,  and  to  this  we 
t)ind  ourselves,  heirs,  executors,  assigns  and  legal  representatives. 

Witness  our  hands  and  seals  this  25th  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1859. 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  is  such  that  if  the  said  Marshall 
County  High  School  Company  shall  well  and  truly  perform  according  to  their 
tenor  and  proper  interpretation  certain  Articles  of  Agreement  entered  into  with 
Marshall  County  aforesaid,  this  25th  day  of  January,  1859,  the  original  dupli- 
cate of  which  is  hereto  attached,  then  this  bond  to  be  null  and  void,  and  other- 
wise in  full  force. 

Dated  Marietta,  la.,  Jan.  25,  1859.    Thomas  Swearingen,  President,  [l.  s.] 

Thomas  J.  Wilson,  Secretary 
Of  the  Marshall  Co.  High  School  Company,  [l.  s.J 
Stephen  Tripp,  Samuel  R.  Culp,  Gideon  Wheeler, 

H.  C.  Knapp,  John  Montgomery,  A.  E.  White, 

Thomas  J.  Spindler,  I.  J.  Teagarden,  B.  G.  Phillips, 

M.  A.  Tucker,  J.  W.  Tripp,  Adam  Loucks, 

AVilliam  E.  Walker,  H.  S.  Patrick,  M.  Perigo, 

Seymour  M.  Pepper,  John  H.  Amery,  R.  McRill, 

William  Parnell,  Daniel  Andrews,  Abram  Lybarger, 

Terry  Gowing,  Volney  S.  Bartlett,  Wm.  T.  Evans. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  521 

The  manner  in  which  the  school  was  to  be  erected  "without  expense  to 
thecounty,"  was  by  the  appropriation  of  money  from  the  Swamp  Land 
Fund.  This  act  had  been  legalized  in  certain  counties  and  under  certain 
conditions,  immaterial  to  mention  here, since  it  is  shown  that  Marshall  possessed 
them,  both  as  regards  her  population  and  lack  of  need  of  work  upon  swamp 
lands. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  determined  to  petition  the  County  Judge  for  a 
special  vote  uponthecjuestionof  arppropriatingf  10,000  of  the  Swamp  Land  Funds 
the  school.  The  request  was  granted,  and  Judge  Smith  issued  a  proclamation 
to  that  effect  Feb.  14,  1859.  The  notice  was  published  in  the  Marietta 
J^xpress. 

The  election  took  place  March  28,  1859,  and  resulted  as  follows  : 

_  For  Against 

iowns.  Appropriation.  Appropriation. 

Marietta  137  3 

Marion 31  12 

Le  Grand 4  63 

Eden 3  23 

Green  Castle 28 

Marshall 117  13 

.JeflFerson 2  28 

Bangor 13  33 

Liberty 56  9 

Iowa 202  1 

Vienna 10  5 

Washington 15 

Total 575  233 

The  County  Judge  issued  the  necessary  warrants,  for  the  payment  of  the 
the  appropriation ;  but  it  had  transpired  prior  to  the  vote  that  much 
of  the  swamp  lands  had  been  sold  on  time,  thereby  necessitating  a  partial  pay- 
ment of  the  sum  called  for  by  the  vote. 

Albion,  meanwhile,  had  raised  her  share,  by  the  sale  of  High  School  Co. 
stock.  Work  was  begun  on  the  building  and  the  plan  of  opening  the  school 
appeared  about  to  be  carried  out. 

The  change  in  outside  aid,  relieved  Marietta  and  Marshalltown  of 
the  orginal  notes,  and  they  were  never  paid.  The  slowness  with  which 
the  Swamp  Land  Fund  came  into  the  County  Treasury,  induced  the 
Company  to  eftect  some  negotiation  of  the  collaterals,  the  exact  nature  of 
which  does  not  appear  of  record.  It  is  believed  that  the  Company  never 
realized  the  full  amount  of  the  appropriation.  An  arrangement  amicable  and 
satisfactory  was  reached,  however,  and  further  than  that  we  are  not  able  to 
state. 

The  school  was  not  an  overwhelming  success.  It  failed  to  achieve  lasting 
renown,  and  finally  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Lutherans,  who  opened  a  de- 
nominational institute  there.  The  transfer  of  property  was  conditional  upon  the 
erection  of  an  addition  to  the  building,  and  certain  other  repairs.  After  a  few 
years  of  struggle,  in  which  the  school  proved  a  financial  failure,  the  property 
passed  into  the  possession  of  Thomas  Swearingen,  who  became  sole  proprietor 
by  purchase  at  a  Sheriff's  sale.  Thus  the  old  High  School  Company  was 
wiped  oflF  the  board,  and  the  money  paid  out  by  Albion  went  the  way  of  many 
another  investment  in  stock. 

After  some  ineffectual  efforts  to  maintain  a  private  school  therein,  the  prop- 
erty passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Methodists,  as  related  in  the  opening  of  this 
chapter. 


522  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

STATE  CENTRE. 

INCLUDING    A    SKETCH    OF    EDEN    AND    STATE    CENTRE    TOWNSHIPS. 

When  the  first  settlement  was  made  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  county 
by  Greene  Allen,  in  1849,  it  was  made  in  Eden  Township,  which  included  at 
that  time  the  present  limits  of  State  Centre.  Allen  made  a  claim  of  600  acres, 
and  built  a  little  cabin  14x16,  and  a  straw  shed  for  his  stock,  which  he  had 
driven  from  his  home  in  Illinois.  He  also  brought  with  him  provisions  to  last 
six  months.  He  was  obliged  to  go  to  Oskaloosa  to  mill,  but  the  mill  could  not 
always  be  depended  upon,  as  the  trails  were  often  impassable  because  of  the 
high  water.  Hence  a  diet  of  parched  corn  and  bean  soup  was  not  an  unfre- 
quent  one  with  his  family.  Within  a  period  of  a  year  or  more,  a  settler  of  the 
name  of  Maggard  built  a  cabin  about  two  miles  distant,  on  the  old  Thayer  place. 
Until  then,  Allen's  nearest  neighbors  had  been  the  people  of  the  Timber  Creek 
settlement  and  of  Newton  City.  In  1851,  "Uncle  John"  Sparks  of  Lynn- 
ville,  Jasper  County,  built  a  mill,  which  lessened  the  distance  which  had  to  be 
traversed  for  a  grist.  It  was  in  this  year  that  the  great  freshest  swelled  all  the 
rivers  and  small  streams  to  an  unimagined  volume.  The  next  settler  in  Eden 
Township  was  Philip  Barbee,  who  made  a  claim  and  built  a  cabin  on  the  farm 
later  owned  by  John  Jarolam.  This  was  in  1852.  In  March,  1854,  H.  Kobb, 
C.  B.  Mendenhall  and  C.  B.  Rhodes  with  his  family  came  to  Eden.  Mr.  Robb 
entered  a  claim  in  what  is  now  State  Center  Township,  while  Mendenhall  and 
Rhodes  settled  lower  down  the  grove  in  Eden  proper.  F.  Woolston,  Eugene 
Summers,  Simon  Price  and  P.  A.  Culver  came  in  during  the  Summer  of  that 
year,  and  took  their  places  in  the  ranks  of  pioneers.  In  this  year  there  was 
great  apprehension  of  trouble  with  the  Indians ;  but,  though  living  in  dread  of 
what  calamity  might  befall  them  from  that  quarter,  the  settlers  did  not  desert 
their  homes.  Mr.  Woolston  was  a  blacksmith  and  was  very  useful  to  the  busy 
community  with  his  trade.  Rev.  Thomas  Mendenhall  came  in  August,  1854. 
He  was  a  devoted  Methodist  minister,  and  later  preached  in  the  school  house  of 
North  Eden.  He  performed  the  first  marriage  ceremony  in  the  township,  the 
bride  being  the  daughter  of  Jacob  Crouch,  the  groom  John  Dondson.  The  first 
sermon  was  preached  in  Eden  Township  by  Rev.  Abram  Woolston.  It  was  in 
a  new  log  house,  and  there  were  about  sixty  people  present.  Mr.  Woolston 
says  that  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  township  was  present,  except  one 
very  old  lady.  Mr.  Woolston  also  relates  how  he  and  some  children  had  an 
encounter  with  three  panthers  while  out  gathering  wild  plums.  "  We  were 
gathering  plums,"  he  says,  "  when  I  saw  an  animal  spring  from  the  bushes,  and 
go  quietly  away.  I  dropped  everything  and  started  after  it,  supposing  it  was 
a  young  fawn.  One  of  the  girls,  who  knew  it  was  a  panther,  screamed  with 
terror  for  me  to  come  back.  We  saw  three  of  them.  They  did  not  seem  to 
have  any  intention  of  troubling  us.  They  Avere  subsequently  seen  again,  but 
they  shortly  afterward  disappeared." 

The  Winter  of  1854-5  was  so  pleasant  that  men  worked  out  of  doors  in 
their  shirt  sleeves.  In  the  latter  year,  Ruston  Bullock,  J.  Van  Pelt  and  Will- 
iam Greenfield  came,  and  began  their  farms — Mr.  Bullock  in  State  Centre  and 
Mr.  Greenfield  in  South  Eden.  Mr.  Owens  Price  also  came  in  this  year,  and 
established  himself  on  the  prairie  on  the  direct  road  to  Marshalltown.  He  had 
a  large  family,  and  was  very  hospitable,  and  his  house  was  the  stopping  place 
for  travelers  to  and  from  Marshalltown.  R.  E.  Scotten  built  a  cabin  near  the 
edge  of  Story  County,  this  same  year,  and  it  was  the  last  house  on  the  prairie 
trail  to  Nevada. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  523 

The  Winter  of  1856  was  terrific.  Snow  began  the  first  of  December,  and 
was  very  loath  to  go.     Grass  did  not  appear  much  before  the  middle  of  May. 

Dr.  Mendenhall  and  F.  0.  Woolston  brought  the  first  reaper  into  the  county 
the  Summer  of  this  year.     It  was  a  McCormick,  purchased  in  Sioux  City. 

A  school  house  was  built  this  year  in  North  Eden, 

In  1857,  Mr.  Conway  Rhodes  laid  out  the  town  of  Edenville,  and  brought 
quite  a  heavy  stock  of  goods  there.  The  first  Fourth  of  July  celebration  was 
held  this  year,  in  the  grove  back  of  Edenville,  Rev.  Mr.  Merrill,  from  College 
Farm,  Jasper  County,  delivering  the  oration.  This  year  a  weekly  mail  from 
Marietta  was  established,  with  Isaac  Sanford  as  first  Postmaster. 

The  year  1858  was  another  one  of  flood  and  torrent,  seven  years  having 
elapsed  since  the  last. 

In  1859,  a  Good  Templars'  Lodge  was  established,  and  held  services  once  a 
month  on  Sundays,  It  was  this  year  that  three-cent  postage  stamps  came  into 
use. 

In  1861,  the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  Railroad  Company  surveyed  their 
line  through  the  county,  which  gave  a  strong  impulse  to  immigration,  notwith- 
standing the  gloom  of  the  war.  Eden  Township  sent  her  quota  to  the  army, 
lacking  four  ;  and  among  her  brave  boys  who  fell,  the  names  of  Simon  Wool- 
ston, Harry  Nichols,  Irving  Benson,  George  Culver,  E.  Bartlett  and  Martin 
Logan  are  inscribed  with  honor  upon  her  record. 

In  November,  1863,  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railroad  had  its  track 
laid  here  on  its  course  to  the  setting  sun.  With  it  came  the  "  Crow's  Nest,"  a 
moving  caravansary  on  wheels,  kept  by  Alexander  Crow,  in  which  meals  were 
furnished  to  track  layers,  or  any  chance  homeless  traveler.  In  an  article  in 
the  State  Centre  Enterprise,  from  which  we  draw  a  portion  of  our  facts.  Crow 
is  described  as  "  tall,  dark,  gypsyish  looking  man,  generous  with  his  tongue 
and  purse,  the  beau  ideal  of  a  jolly  landlord. 

The  railroad  company  had  bought  eighty  acres  of  land  of  A,  C.  Babcock, 
upon  which  they  started  a  town,  calling  it  Centre  Station,  William  Barnes, 
now  of  Chicago,  was  the  first  agent,  and  also  built  a  small  shanty  for  a  grain 
storehouse,  and  paid  80  cents  for  bushel  for  wheat.  Later  he  had  the 
name  changed  to  State  Centre,  owing  to  its  being  located  so  near  the  geo- 
graphical center  of  the  State.  W.  L.  Smith  and  William  Thompson  owned 
property  near  the  corporation  line.  Business  brightened.  The  farm  houses  be- 
tween Edenville  and  the  station  were  all  hotels,  in  the  sense  of  entertaining 
travelers,  and  money  began  to  circulate  freely.  A  daily  stage  was  placed  on 
the  thoroughfare  from  State  Centre  to  Des  Moines. 

Everybody  remembers  the  "  cold  New  Years."  The  mercury  was  12° 
below  zero  and  the  wind  blew  a  gale.  In  January  of  that  year,  several  hun- 
dred hogs  were  driven  to  State  Centre  for  shipment,  A  dreadful  storm  came 
up,  and  many  of  them  were  frozen — 1,300  out  of  1,800,  Some  four  weeks 
after  the  storm  they  were  found,  standing  up  straight  where  they  had  been 
smothered  by  the  snow  and  frozen  solid. 

In  the  Spring  of  this  year,  the  first  house  made  its  appearance  in  State 
Centre,  It  was  not  built,  but  moved  there  from  Marietta,  sixteen  miles  distant, 
by  John  Anselra,  It  was  a  small  frame  structure,  18x20  feet,  and  is  now 
occupied  by  J,  S.  Fairhead.  It  was  used  by  Mr.  Anselm  as  a  hotel.  The 
same  day  that  Mr,  Anselm  arrived  with  his  family  to  take  possession  of  his 
house,  Mr,  Barnes'  family  arrived.  Mr.  Barnes  built  the  first  house  in  the 
village,  the  Union  Hotel,  it  being  a  part  of  his  bargain  with  the  railroad  com- 
pany that  he  should  keep  travelers  who  came  to  the  station,  as  the  "  Crow  s 


524  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.' 

Nest''  took  flight  with  the  onward  progress  of  the  track.     This  is   now  known 
as  the  ''  Stipps  House.'" 

The  first  birth  in  the  village  was  a  daughter  of  John  Anselm — Emma. 

During  this  Summer  there  were  several  small  buildings  put  up,  one  by  Mrs. 
M.  Barnes.  Rev.  Mr.  Basset,  formerly  a  clergyman  in  Washington  City,  came 
into  the  town  and  built  a  large  two-story  house,  just  at  its  edge,  which  from  the 
elevation  of  its  location  could  be  seen  for  miles  away.  In  the  Fall,  T.  B.  Car- 
penter came,  and,  at  about  the  same  time,  A.  N.  Woolston. 

Mr.  J.  W.  Dobbins  and  V.  J.  Shipman  came  to  State  Centre  in  January, 
1865,  and  erected  a  one-story  frame  building,  now  occupied  by  S.  M.  Morgan, 
and  put  in  groceries  and  boots  and  shoes.  This  was  the  first  store  in  the  place. 
Mr.  Dobbins  was  originally  from  Sandwich,  111  ,  and  Mr.  Shipman  from 
Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.  The  Carpenter  Brothers  erected  a  store  in  May  and 
put  in  a  stock  of  goods.  The  family  of  T.  B.  Carpenter  occupied  a  back  room 
of  the  same  building  until  such  time  as  a  suitable  dwelling  could  be  prepared. 
On  the  27th  of  June,  there  came  a  terrible  thunder-storm  from  the  west,  ac- 
companied with  a  fearful  wind.  Mr.  Carpenter's  family  felt  the  house  shake 
as  if  it  was  in  the  hands  of  some  monster,  and  then  there  came  a  crash.  The 
whole  building  had  fallen  inward,  one  of  the  timbers  striding  a  little  girl  with 
such  force  that  she  died  the  next  day.  The  cooking  stove,  in  falling  over,  burned 
the  baby,  May,  and  she,  too,  came  near  dying.  The  air  was  filled  with  dust ;  boards 
and  heavy  timbers  were  tossed  about  and  wagons  were  lifted  up  and  carried 
long  distances.  But  notwithstanding  this  calamity,  the  Carpenters  rebuilt  their 
stoi'e,  which  building  is  still  standing,  and  got  a  new  stock  of  goods.  Among 
the  families  in  State  Centre  in  1865,  were  William  Barnes,  John  Coulter,  Abe 
Woolston,  G.  W.  Bassett  and  C.  F.  Culver.  John  King  opened  a  dry  goods 
store  this  year.  During  that  and  the  following  year,  the  influx  of  people  was 
very  great,  and  the  little  village  began  to  grow  rapidly.  The  Union  Hotel  was 
under  the  supervision  of  William  Greenfield,  who  had  sold  his  farm  and  bought 
out  Mr.  Barnes.  He  in  turn  sold  to  Ruston  Bullock,  in  April,  1866.  Dr.  0. 
G.  Hunt  arrived  this  year,  and  was  the  first  physician  to  settle  in  State  Centre. 
J.  H.  Post  came  also  in  this  year  and  opened  a  stock  of  drugs.  Jacob  Fisher 
was  the  first  blacksmith  and  came  at  this  time.  The  Walker  Brothers,  Frank 
and  Warren,  belong  to  this  year,  and  fitted  a  large  and  handsome  store,  now  occu- 
pied by  West  &  Sheary.  In  the  years  1866-7,  there  were  about  six  hundred 
people  in  the  place,  showing  a  surprising  growth  for  so  short  a  period.  The  first 
brick  block  was  built  in  1867,  by  C.  B.  Rhodes,  and  in  that  year,  the  high  school 
building  was  completed,  at  a  cost  of  $8,000.  Miss  Jennie  Bradbury  taught  the 
first  school   in  the  town,  in  a  little  shanty  school  house,  built  by  subscription. 

The  first  death  in  State  Centre  was  that  of  Seremiah  Dudley,  Feb.  1,  1867. 
He  is  spoken  of  as  an  estimable  man. 

The  first  lawyer's  shingle  hung  out  in  this  wide-awake  place  bore  the  name 
of  John  King.  He  was  a  Harvard  graduate,  and  a  graduate  from  that  still 
sterner  school,  Libby  Prison,  where  he  Avas  incarcerated  for  nearly  two  years. 
The  first  place  of  worship  was  in  the  little  old  shanty  which  also  served  as  a 
school  house.  Rev.  Mr.  Knepper,  a  Lutheran,  was  the  Pastor.  The  Methodists 
predominated  in  numbers  here,  but  the  denominational  lines  were  not  strictly 
drawn.  A  Sabbath  school  had  been  formed  as  early  as  1866,  with  James  Thur- 
man  as  Superintendent,  and  with  only  fifteen  scholars.  Rev.  Mr.  Kendig  was 
a  Methodist  preacher  who  held  services  over  Shipmans  store.  In  1868,  Rev. 
Mr.  Kellogg,  of  Marshalltown,  formed  a  Presbyterian  Church  with  eight  mem- 
bers.    These  societies  built  church  edifices  in  1869. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  525 

State  Centre  kept  on  growing.  In  1872,  there  were  the  following  ship- 
ments of  freight  from  the  station:  Freights  forwarded,  2,179,990  lbs. ;  ticket 
sales,  $287.05.  Amount  of  money  received  at  station,  $7,269.68.  It  will  be 
impossible  further  to  note  the  arrivals  or  the  new  business  undertakings,  but 
we  will  confine  ourselves  to  the  city  of  to-day. 

A  petition,  signed  by  forty-two  legal  voters  of  State  Centre,  and  bearing 
date  Aug.  20,  1866,  and  addressed  to  the  Hon.  F.  A.  Lampman,  County  Judge 
of  Marshall  County,  prayed  that  the  territory  included  with  the  following 
boundaries,  be  incorporated  :  The  west  half  of  the  northeast  quarter,  the  east 
half  of  the  northwest  quarter,  and  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  southwest,  and 
the  northAvest  quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter.  Sec.  10,  Township  83,  Range  20, 
County  of  Marshall,  State  of  Iowa.  The  Court  ordered,  Aug.  26,  1867,  that 
the  petition  be^ranted. 

Subject  to  this  incorporation,  the  officers  of  the  city  from  that  date  to  the 
present  are  as  follows  : 

For  1867-8 — Mayor,  Washington  Walker  ;  Recorder,  T.  B.  Carpenter ; 
Trustees — William  Barnes,  Samuel  Nichols,  J.  H.  Lay,  C.  H.  Richards,  R. 
B.  Bullock. 

For  1868-9— W.  Walker,  Mayor;  0.  J.  Whitson,  Recorder;  Trust- 
ees— J.  W.  Dobbins,  J.  S.  Ewing,  C.  R.  Richards,  S.  W.  Lamson,  L.  L.  Clark. 

For  1869-70— J.  S.  Ewing,  Mayor  ;  0.  J.  Whitson,  Recorder ;  D.  Zwilling, 
Treasurer  ;  H.  C.  Stone,  Assessor;  W.  Sower,  Marshal;  Trustees — C.  R.  Rich- 
ards, S.  W.  Lamson,  T.  B.  Carpenter,  John  Gutekenst,  R.  G.  Haum. 

For  1870-71— J.  S.  Ewing,  Mayor ;  0.  J.  Whitson,  Recorder;  J.  AV. 
Dobbms,  Treasurer ;  J.  H.  Nichols,  Assessor  ;  W.  H.  Bunker,  Marshal  and 
Street  Commissioner;  Trustees — 0.  G.  Hunt,  J.  A.  Bartlett,  E.  P.  Thompson, 
S.  Armstrong,  A.  Manwaring. 

For  1871-2— Williams  Barnes,  Mayor  ;  S.  W.  Lamson,  Recorder  ;  W.  H. 
Stipps,  Treasurer  ;  J.  B.  Carpenter,  Assessor  ;  W.H.  Knepper,  Marshal ;  Trust- 
ees—H.  T.  Summers,  H.  S.  Brayton,  P.  B.  Ellis,  George  W.  Bassett,  0.  R. 
Chamberlin. 

For  1872-3— John  H.  Jones,  Mayor ;  James  H.  Nichols,  W.  H.  Stipps, 
Treasurer  ;  J.  B.  Carpenter.  Assessor ;  A.  R.  Chamberlin,  Marshal ;  Trustees, 
James  A.  Bartlett,  0.  J.  Whitson,  W.  L.  Smith,  F.  S.  Munson,  S.  M. 
Morgan. 

For  1873-4— John  King,  Mayor;  J.  W.  Merritt,  Recorder;  W.  H.  Stipps, 
Treasurer  ;  J.  B.  Carpenter,  Assessor  ;  Trustees — James  Allison,  T.  S.  Munson, 
J.  Lander,  H  Bishop,  J.  N.   Deering. 

Mr.  Jones  resigned  the  Mayorship  and  his  term  was  filled  by  J.  A.  Bartlett. 

For  1874-5— Joseph  Lander,  Mayor;  James  H.  Nichols,  Recorder;  0.  J. 
Whitson,  Treasurer ;  William  Snyder,  Marshal ;  Trustees— F.  S.  Munson,  H. 
Bishop,  James  Allison,  E.  P.  Thompson,  J.  0.  Brewer. 

For  1875-6— Joseph  Lander,  Mayor;  E.  W.  Bishop,  Recorder;  0.  J. 
Whitson,  Treasurer ;  J.  B.  Carpenter,  Assessor ;  Trustees,  0.  G.  Hunt,  B.  S. 
West,  William  Losey,  Joseph  S.  Schulling,  L.  B.  Goodrich. 

For  1876-7— Joseph  Lander,  Mayor ;  J.  W.  Merritt,  Recorder  ;  0.  J. 
Whitson,  Treasurer;  Charles  Hanson,  Assessor;  C.  W.  Fay,  Marshal;  Trust- 
ees—F.  S.  Munson,  E.  P.  Thompson,  H.  S.  Brayton,  E.  M.  Scott,  J.  S.  Fair- 
head. 

For  1877-8— H.  Robb,  Mayor  ;  J.  W.  Merritt,  Recorder ;  W.  H.  Stipps, 
Treasurer ;  W.  D.  Bower,  Assessor ;  C.  W.  Fay,  Marshal ;  Trustees— E.  M. 
Scott,  J.  H.  Jones,  M.  E.  Miner,  J.  Gutekenst,  J.  Gulic. 


526  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

BUILDINGS. 

The  present  offices  occupied  by  the  City  Board  are  in  a  frame  building  located 
on  the  north  side  of  Second  street.  Portions  of  the  building  are  used  as  engine 
house,  and  the  other  part  as  a  jail. 

The  post  office  was  established  here  in  the  Spring  of  1864,  and  a  niche  in 
the  depot  building  was  assigned  it.  C.  F.  Culver  was  Postmaster.  January  1, 
1865,  J.  W.  Dobbin  was  commissioned  Postmaster,  and  held  the  office  until  1871. 
D.  A.  Lacey  succeeded  him,  holding  the  office  until  February  9,  1874.  Then  J. 
R.  Deming  was  appointed,  and  continues  still  to  hold  the  appointment.  It  was 
made  a  money-order  office  April  1,  1878. 

The  Exchange  Bank  of  State  Centre  was  opened  April  1,  1869,  by  J.  W, 
Dobbin,  in  the  same  building  it  now  occupies.  The  1st  of  January,  1877,  Mr. 
O.  J.  Whitson  took  a  one-half  interest  in  the  bank  with  Mr.  Dobbin,  under 
the  firm  name  of  J.  W.  Dobbin  &  Co.  The  bank  has  always  paid  all  checks  of 
depositors,  even  at  the  time  of  the  Chicago  fire,  and  the  panic  of  1873. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  fire  department  of  the  city  was  organized  in  1875,  subject  to  an  ordi- 
nance of  the  City  Council.  One  engine  is  called  the  Button  engine,  and  is  a 
single-decker  requiring  thirty-five  men  at  the  brakes,  and  can  throw  three 
streams.  This  engine  was  purchased  of  the  Old  Washington  Company  in  Mar- 
shalltown,  for  $600.  A  Douglass  engine  is  also  in  use  by  the  department. 
This  is  much  is  a  much  smaller  engine  than  the  other,  but  is  a  good  one.  It 
cost  $350.  The  department  also  have  a  hose  cart  which  belongs  to  the  Doug- 
lass engine.  There  are  about  800  feet  of  hose  altogether,  and  about  forty-five 
men  in  the  department.  The  officers  are  as  follows :  Company  No.  1,  J.  A. 
Brewer,  Foreman ;  Company  No.  2,  Martin  Ward,  Foreman.  J.  0.  Culler  is 
Chief  Engineer  ;  F.  S.  Munson,  First  Assistant ;  J.  H.  Nichols,  Second 
Assistant. 

WATER  WORKS. 

The  water  works  question  had  been  one  of  increasing  moment  each  year  to 
the  citizens  of  State  Centre,  which  finally  culminated  in  an  agreement  with 
George  E.  Beach  &  Co.,  of  Marshalltown,  for  the  construction  of  a  system  of 
water  works,  with  the  necessary  pipes  and  hydrants  within  the  limits  of  the 
incorporated  town  of  State  Centre.  The  agreement  was  entered  into  August 
28,  1877.  Beach  agreed  to  erect  within  four  months  the  above-named  system, 
in  a  good,  workmanlike  manner,  for  a  consideration  of  $2,200.  The  committee 
appointed  on  the  part  of  the  city  were  as  follows :  F.  S.  Munson,  E.  P.  Thomp- 
son and  E.  M.  Scott. 

Mr.  Beach  fulfilled  his  agreement  literally.    A  bill  for  $50  extras  was  allowed. 

The  pump  is  a  3|  inch  discharge  with  check  valve  in  suction  and  discharge 
pipe,  and  is  called  the  "  Little  Giant,"  manufactured  by  Chapin  &  McGue. 
Ottumwa. 

The  tank  is  located  over  the  well  formerly  used  by  the  C.  &.  N.  W.  Rail- 
road. The  tower  is  a  strong  substantial  structure,  34  feet  in  height,  and  is 
secured  by  6x8  anchor  posts.  The  mill  is  a  Halliday's  Self-Regulating  Stand- 
ard Mill,  manufactured  by  United  States  Wind  Mill  Company  at  Batavia, 
Illinois.  It  is  13  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  pressure  of  over  175  pounds  to  the 
square  inch.  It  has  the  capacity  to  work  four  engines.  There  are  six  hydrants 
and  1,000  feet  of  mains,  exclusive  of  mains  connecting  hydrants,  they  being 
supplied  direct  from  the  tank  by  another  set  of  mains. 


A 


Id)  ^  ,9''^^Mr- 


ALBION 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  527 

Taken  as  a  whole,  there  are  few  towns  in  the  West  of  the  size  of  State  Cen- 
tre that  have  such  a  thorough  system  of  protection  against  fire.  They  are  a 
success  in  every  particular,  and  the  little  city  has  great  reason  to  feel  proud  of 
her  acquisition. 

STATE  CENTRE  MILLS, 

These  mills  were  established  in  1870  by  J.  N.  Berry.  The  structure  is 
frame  and  is  three  stories  high.  The  building  is  36x48  feet  in  size,  and  is 
located  on  Main  street.  It  was  purchased  in  1873,  by  J.  B.  Cutler.  There 
are  two  runs  of  stone  in  the  mill,  and  preparations  are  being  made  for  the  lay- 
ing of  another  set  of  buhrs.  An  engine  of  the  Woodruff  pattern  is  used  of 
thirty  horse-power ;  capacity  400  bushels  every  twenty-four  hours.  Consider- 
able modern  machinery  is  used  in  the  mill,  and  it  is  regarded  as  first-class  in 
every  particular. 

ELEVATORS. 

There  are  three  elevators  in  State  Centre,  and  one  seed  house.  The  lar- 
gest and  perhaps  the  most  extensive  of  any  on  the  line  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
is  that  belonging  to  Stipps  &  Fuller.  This  elevator  is  of  recent  build,  and 
is  a  magnificent  structure.  The  original  building  is  30x44  feet  in  size,  and  an 
addition  of  twenty  feet  has  been  put  on.  It  has  a  capacity  of  50,000  bushels. 
There  are  two  dumps  on  the  elevator,  one  for  corn,  and  a  large  corn  sheller  is 
placed  beneath  the  corn  dump  that  has  a  capacity  of  500  bushels  an  hour ;  the 
corn  and  cobs  and  all  foreign  matter  pass  up  the  elevator  and  are  separated  by 
a  splendid  system,  the  cobs  going  one  way,  the  corn  another,  and  chaff,  etc. 
another.  The  other  dump  is  for  grain.  The  mill  is  supplied  with  all  the 
necessary  modern  machinery  used  in  elevators.  A  large  engine  is  used  in 
working  the  machinery. 

The  Nichols  Elevator  was  established  by  W.  Walker,  but  fell  into  the  hands 
of  its  present  owners  in  1870.  The  building  is  a  large  frame  structure.  The 
machinery  is  run  by  an  engine  of  five  horse-power.  The  elevator  has  a  storing 
capacity  of  20,000  bushels.     About  200,000  bushels  are  shipped  annually. 

The  Union  Elevator  Company  are  the  proprietors  of  the  Seed  House,  and 
what  is  called  J.  H.  Lay's  Elevator.  The  elevator  was  built  a  number  of  years 
since  by  Carpenter  Brothers,  and  was  purchased  in  1872  by  J.  H.  Lay.  This 
gentleman  ships  about  250,000  bushels  per  year. 

The  seed  house  is  located  near  the  State  Centre  Mills,  and  is  used  for  the 
storage  of  seeds.  The  building  is  50x30  feet,  and  is  one  story  high.  Has  a 
capacity  of  about  7,500  bushels. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  schools  in  the  town  of  State  Centre  were  rather  of  the  primitive 
order.  The  first  school  was  taught  in  a  little  old  shanty  that  could  not  be  used 
for  anything  else.  This  was  1865,  in  a  building  that  stood  near  where  the 
Presbyterian  Church  is  at  present.  There  were  about  ten  pupils.  The  school 
was  taught  by  Jenny  Bradbury,  now  Mrs.  Willis  Vance.  In  1866,  a  room  was 
rented  over  the  double  building  belonging  to  Carpenter  Brothers,  and  school 
was  taught  there  for  a  time.  In  1867,  a  part  of  the  present  school  building 
was  erected.  The  size  was  about  30x50  feet,  and  was  two  stories.  A  large 
addition  was  placed  on  the  building  in  1876,  making  a  large  and  pleasant  school 
building  of  three  rooms,  and  pi-ovided  with  a  large  bell.  The  Superintendent 
of  the  Schools  is  Miss  Lucy  Curtis,  of  Wheatland,  Iowa,  The  number  of 
pupils  enrolled  in  1877  was  244;  the  average  attendance  was  164.  The  School 
Board  at  present  are  :     S,  N.  Morgan,  President ;    A.   P.    Lowry,   Secretary  ; 


528  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

J.   W.    Tuthill,   Treasurer.      The  Board  of    Directors  are :     F.    S.    Munson, 
Henry  Zwilling,  J.  D.  Chamberlin,  I).  H.  Fitch  and  John  H.  Jones. 

The  total  population  of  State  Centre,  as  taken  up  to  August  20.  1878.  is 
992  ;  total  number  of  residences,  256. 

SOCIETIES. 

Terrestrial  Lodge,  No.  ^76,  A.,  F.  cf  A.  iHf.— Established  in  1858.  First 
meetings  were  held  over  Dobbin's  store.  The  society  organized  with  about  ten 
members.  The  present  officers  are  as  follows :  J.  S.  Ewing,  W.  M.  ;  Robert 
Bell,  S.  W. ;  J.  C.  Cutler,  Secretary  ;  C.  B.  Rhodes,  Treasurer ;  E.  P.  Nich- 
ols, S.  D.  ;  M.  Harms,  J.  D.     Membership,  38 ;  meet  in  Masonic  Hall. 

The  Centre  Lodge,  No.  360,  1.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  on  the  24th  day  of 
July,  1873.  The  charter  officers  are  :  J.  W.  Gross,  N.  G.  ;  A.  L.  Mark,  V. 
G. ;  D.  A.  Lacey,  Secretary  ;  B.  S.  West,  Treasurer.  The  charter  members 
were  :  J.  W.  Gross,  A.  L.  Mank,  D.  A.  Lacey,  B.  S.  West,  W.  H.  Miller,  W. 
Hearreman,  W.  N.  Unthank.  The  Lodge  meets  every  Wednesday  evening,  with 
a  present  membership  of  thirty-eight. 

A.  0.  U.  W. — This  Lodge  was  established  May  4,  1878.  There  were 
twenty-seven  charter  members.  The  first  and  present  ofiicers  of  the  Lodge  are  : 
J.  S.  Ewing,  M.  W. ;  M.  E.  Miner,  P.  M.  W.  ;  S.  W.  Morgan,  Foreman  ;  J. 
W.  Merrill,  0.  ;  J.  H.  Farnsworth,  Recorder ;  J.  Schilling,  Receiver  ;  J.  V. 
Fairhead,  F.  ;  H.  B.  Lovejoy,  Guide  ;  S.  Brown,  I.  W. ;  H.  Bullock,  0.  W. 
Membership,  twenty-eight ;  meet  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  every  Monday  evening. 

Military. — Company  D,  First  Independent  Battalion,  I.  N.  G.,  was  organ- 
ized January  25,  1878,  with  sixty-four  members.  J.  S.  Ewing  is  Captain  ; 
James  Oleson,  First  Lieutenant ;  A.  J.  Shearer,  Second  Lieutenant.  The 
Company  meet  for  drill  twice  each  week.  The  armory  is  located  in  Miller's 
Hall.  The  Company  have  a  stand  of  arms  consisting  of  thirty  Enfield  rifles. 
The  Company,  although  of  recent  organization,  presents  a  fine  appearance,  and 
will  with  drill  make  a  fine  body  of  men. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The  Seventh-Day  Adventists. — This  denomination  established  itself  in  State 
Centre  in  1871,  with  a  membership  of  about  ten  members.  The  society 
regarded  itself  in  1876  as  strong  enough  to  sustain  a  place  of  worship,  conse- 
(juently  the  present  place  of  meeting  was  erected.  The  building  is  a  large 
frame  34x50  feet  in  size,  and  is  located  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city.  The 
society  formerly  held  their  meetings  four  miles  southeast  of  State  Centre,  at 
the  residence  of  one  of  the  members.  The  membership  at  the  time  of  building 
the  church  was  about  sixty.  The  edifice  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,650,  in- 
cluding the  bell.  The  membership  at  present  is  about  sixty-five.  The  preacher 
delivering  the  dedication  sermon  was  George  I.  Butler.  The  Church  is  sup- 
plied now  by  Pastors  on  the  circuit.  A  gooil  Sabbath  school  is  held  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Church.  About  eighty-seven  children  attend.  Henry  Rue  is 
Superintendent.  Mr.  H.  C.  Stone  has  been  alive  to  the  interests  of  the  Church 
since  its  organization. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  State  Centre  was  organized  by  the  Rev. 
Hiram  H.  Kellogg,  on  the  8th  day  of  September,  1866,  with  ten  members,  viz.: 
James  Fairman  and  wife,  John  McNary  and  wife,  J.  Dudley  and  wife,  William 
McCain  and  wife,  Mrs.  Julia  Dobbin  and  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Knepper. 

The  first  officers  were :  J.  Dudley.  Deacon,  and  John  McNary,  Elder. 
The  first  minister  was  Rev.  John  M.  Peebles,  who  served  the  Church  from  Jan- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  529 

uary  1  to  June  1,  1867.  The  second  minister  was  Rev.  John  Summers,  who 
served  the  Church  from  June  1,  1867,  till  June  1,  1^70.  During  his  ministry, 
there  were  added  to  the  Church  fourteen  members,  and  in  union  with  the  Meth- 
odists a  house  of  worship  was  built  in  1869.  The  Church  w^as  then  without  a 
minister  for  about  one  year,  having  an  occasional  supply.  During  this  period 
nine  members  were  added.  The  third  minister  was  the  Rev.  A.  Ostrom.  who 
served  the  Church  two  years.  During  his  ministry,  nineteen  were  added  to  the 
membership,  and  the  Presbyterians  bought  of  the  Methodists  their  half  interest 
in  the  church  edifice,  and  contracted  a  debt  of  about  four  thousand  dollars. 
The  Church  was  again  without  a  minister  for  about  one  year.  The  last  minis- 
ter, Rev.  David  Blakely,  commenced  his  work  in  the  Church  July  1,  1874,  and 
served  the  Church  four  years.  During  his  ministry,  87  were  added,  and  a 
debt  of  $3,915  was  paid  off,  leaving  the  Church  now,  August,  1878,  free  from 
debt,  and  with  a  membership  of  110  communicants,  and  a  Sabbath  school  with 
235  on  the  roll,  and  an  average  attendance  of  100. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Cliurch  of  State  Centre,  was  organized  in  June 
1866,  by  Rev.  J.  Haymand,  with  seven  members  in  the  organization.  The 
church  building  was  erected  in  1869-70,  and  the  present  membership  is  64, 
The  Pastors  who  have  served  them  are  as  follows  :  Revs.  J.  Haymand,  R.  M. 
Wade,  R.  G.  Haven,  S.  Dunton,  T.  Simmons,  N.  Macdonald,  M.  A.  Gaadle, 
J.  Haymand. 

LE  GRAND. 

This  township  is  the  point  where  the  first  settlement  was  made  in  the  county. 
It  then  had  no  name,  but  was  known  as  Township  83,  Range  17.  Mr.  Joseph 
Davidson  came  in  1847,  and  settled  upon  one  of  the  hills  east  of  the  Iowa 
River,  in  a  beautiful  grove,  which  afterward  bore  his  name.  Here  he  lived  in 
a  little  cabin  with  the  Indians,  without  a  white  neighbor  for  fifty  miles.  His 
brother,  William  Davidson,  came  a  little  later,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Anderson  and  Hammond,  and  the  farm  that  Joseph  first  occupied  is 
owned  by  Benedict  and  Hammond.  The  Davidsons  did  not  wait  to  reap  the 
harvest  of  their  pioneer  ventures,  but  when  settlers  became  plenty,  and  civiliza- 
tion and  abundance  were  a  ioregone  conclusion,  they  moved  to  Oregon  to  find 
elbow  room.  Mark  Webb  came  to  Le  Grand  on  the  2!th  day  of  May,  1851, 
from  Columbiana  Co.  Ohio,  and  pre-empted  the  160  acres  of  land  on  which 
he  now  lives,  entering  it  the  following  year.  He  broke  five  or  six  acres  in  June 
of  that  year,  using  a  16-inch  '*Moline  Breaker"  and  three  yoke  of  oxen.  In 
the  same  Spring,  with  Mr.  Webb,  came  William  Allman  and  three  sons,  settlino- 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  D.  Benjamin.  These  settlers  were  obliged  to  o-q  to 
Iowa  City  for  provisions,  and  their  nearest  neighbor  was  a  man  named  Griffeth 
at  Rock  Valley  Mills,  who  owned  the  first  mill — or  "  corn  cracker  "  as  it  was 
called — in  that  region.  It  contained  a  small  pair  of  buhrs,  'Ih  feet  across,  and 
could  crack  from  eight  to  ten  bushels  per  hour.  Some  preferred,  after  the  corn 
was  cracked,  to  sift  it,  thus  making  what  they  considered  very  good  flour.  Mr.  S. 
N.  Knode  came  in  February,  1852,  and  lived  in  a  hut  that  had  been  used  bv  a 
passing  hunter,  and  was  without  door  or  chimney  or  even  a  floor.  Lindley 
Jones  and  Eli  Inman  came  this  same  year  with  their  families,  Jones  settling 
where  Faulkner  now  lives,  and  Inman  north  of  them.  Webb  and  Knode  built 
a  cabin  in  1851  on  the  present  Benedict  place. 

Mr.  M.  Webb  and  James  Allman  were  the  first  to  lay  out  Le  Grand  village,  in 
1852.  Mr.  Sanders,  of  Iowa  City,  had  been  called  to  survey  out  La  Fayette,  and  on 


530  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

his  homeward  journey,  he  did  the  same  service  for  Le  Grand.  Webb,  Allman  and 
Inman  were  the  owners  of  the  site,  and  they  gave  the  new  village  its  name  after 
Le  Grand  Byington,  a  lawyer  of  Iowa  City,  who  had  rendered  them  some 
assistance  on  their  way  out. 

In  1853,  the  post  office  was  established,  with  James  Allman  as  Postmaster, 
Prior  to  this  the  settlers  were  compelled  to  go  to  Marengo,  a  distance  of  forty- 
five  miles,  to  get  their  mails.  The  first  store  was  built  by  Allman,  and  was 
20x30  feet  in  size,  and  the  lumber  was  hauled  from  Iowa  City.  In  1853,  Mr. 
Webb  built  him  a  house,  procuring  the  lumber  in  Toledo.  In  1853,  after 
Le  Grand  was  laid  out,  William  Hayes  and  Rollin  Richards  came,  and  in  1854, 
Jacob  Weitzel,  Edmund  Harrison,  George  Hammond,  Hiram  Hammond  and 
John  Allman. 

In  1856,  D.  D.  McGrew,  J-  B.  McGrew,  F.  B.  McGrew  and  Denny  McGrew 
arrived.     All  of  these  men  were  prominent  in  the  early  history  of  the  town. 

David  Harrison,  who  came  in  1854,  was  one  of  the  first  carpenters,  and  has 
worked  upon  nearly  every  house  in  Le  Grand.  T.  V.  W.  Young  was  the  first 
physician.  The  first  death  was  that  of  James  Allman.  The  first  birth  is  in  dis- 
pute, though  it  is  credited  as  being  either  Frank  Knode  or  Matilda  Allman. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  1855,  by  Elizabeth  Allman,  at  her  own  house, 
and  the  neighbors  sent  their  children  there  to  the  number  of  about  twenty.  A 
school  was  subsequently  taught  in  the  Friends'  Church. 

A  frame  building  was  erected  in  1857,  and  used  for  school  purposes  until 
1871,  when  the  present  brick  structure  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $6,000. 

The  officers  of  the  school  board  at  present  are  J.  B.  Welker,  President ;  J. 
B.  Emory  and  James  Pearsons,  Directors  ;  Charles  Reiterman,  Secretary  ;  N. 
G.  Benedict,  Treasurer. 

The  first  brick  store  was  built  in  1870,  and  is  owned  by  Benedict  & 
Willetts.  It  IS  a  large,  two-story  building,  and  is  occupied  in  part  by  N.  G. 
Benedict  as  a  store  and  residence,  and  in  part  by  Dr.  Reiterman  as  a  drug  store, 
and  by  Willetts  &  White,  grocers.  Another  two-story  brick  block  was  built 
in  1876  by  N.  G.  Benedict. 

The  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  was  constructed  through  Le  Grand 
in  1862-3.  The  first  train  went  east  the  12th  of  January,  1863.  T.  E.  V. 
Young  was  the  first  station  agent. 

Heold  &  Neiell  are  the  proprietors  of  a  large  elevator,  which  was  built  in 
1870,  and  is  located  at  the  station. 

Le  G-rand  Flouring  3IiU.  —  This  mill  was  commenced  in  1855,  and 
completed  in  1856,  by  Thomas  and  Isaiah  Schofield.  It  is  located  on  the  Iowa 
River,  half  a  mile  north  of  Le  Grand,  and  is  at  the  present  writing  the  property 
of  Benedict  &  Hammond.  When  it  was  first  built,  it  was  about  26x30  and 
three  stories  high,  with  two  runs  of  stone.  It  was  the  first  mill  in  this  portion 
of  the  county,  and  received  grain  from  a  large  section  of  country.  It  has  been 
subjected  to  many  repairs,  but  in  1876,  it  was  entirely  overhauled  and  rebuilt, 
until  it  is  now  100  feet  high.  The  large  Leffels  turbine  wheel  is  used,  two  in 
number,  operating  six  runs  of  stone.  A  large  elevator  is  in  connection  with  the 
mill,  with  a  capacity  of  8,000  bushels.  The  "Middlings  Purifier"  is  used,  and 
all  the  late  improvements.  The  grain  passes  through  eleven  different  proc- 
esses before  reaching  the  buhrs.     It  is  the  largest  mill  in  the  county. 

RELIGIOUS. 

2%e  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  found  a  footing  in  Le  Grand,  in  1853,  in 
the  shape  of  Methodist  class  meetings.     These  meetings  were  held  around  at 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  531 

the  cabins  of  the  settlers  for  quite  a  length  of  time,  and  tlien  afterward  in  tlie 
school  house. 

The  Society  erected  a  substantial  brick  church  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  ^3,100. 
They  purchased  the  old  school  house,  and  built  over  that.  The  church  is  but 
yet  in  a  state  of  incompletion,  but  the  members  expect  that  it  will  be  in  due 
time. 

The  first  minister  the  Society  had  was  in  1853,  Rev.  "Father"  Dunton,  as 
he  was  familiarly  called,  and  so  well  known  in  all  this  region. 

The  present  Pastor  of  the  Church  is  the  Rev.  Mr.  Howard  ;  Trustees, 
Horace  Foote,  David  Harrison,  John  Resley,  M.  A.  Webb,  J.  P.  (iarlick,  D. 
K.  Lusby,  0.  H.  Link  ;  Class  Leader,  David  Harrison  ;  President  of  Board 
of  Trustees,  John   Resley  ;    J.  P.  Garlick,  Secretary.       Membershin    is  about 

fifty. 

Tlie  Friends'  Meeting,  or  Church,  at  Le  Grand,  was  first  organized  in  the 
year  1855,  by  a  few  members  who  had  moved  in  from  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania, 
forming  what  is  called  a  Preparatory  Meeting.     The  principal  ones  were  John 
Abbott  and  wife,  Joseph  Farquhar  and  wife,  Lindley   M.   Jones  and  wife  and 
father,  Eli  Inman  and  wife,  who  are  all  now   in  their  graves,  together  with   a 
few  others  who  are  still  residing  here  ;  William  Farquhar,  Jesse  and  John  All- 
man,  Thomas  McCool  and  w^ife,  and  others  to  the   number  of  about  eighty, 
having  one  minister,  Julia  Ann  McCool.     The  meeting  was  first  held  in  Mr. 
L.  M.  Jones'  dw^elling,  and  increased  rapidly,  until  in   1876,  it  was   organized 
into  a  Monthly  meeting,  by  appointing  J.   V.  Miles,  Clerk  ;   Joseph  Plummer, 
Correspondent,  etc.     In  this  year  they  built  a  house,  20x30  feet,  costing  about 
$200.     This  was  considered  quite  a  nice  thing,  and,  indeed,  did  very  well   for 
the  first  three  years,  when,  finding  it   too  small,  they   put  on   an  addition  of 
fifteen  feet  to  its  length.     In  these  days,  the  Church  had  considerable  accession 
by  Friends  moving  in,  chiefly  from  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  from  Norway,  where- 
upon the  meeting  divided  and  organized  another  meeting  of  the  name  of  Stranger's, /5y-«^ 
subordinate  to  Le  Grand  meeting.     This  is  situated  two  miles  south  of  Le  Grand. 
In  the  year  1867—8,  the  present  church  building  was  erected,  its   size  65x40, 
its  cost  nearly  $3,500.      There  are  four  acres  of  land  deeded  to  the   Church. 
There  are  240  members  in  this  meeting,  and  in  Stranger's,  112.     There  are  six 
acknowledged  ministers,  viz.  :     Barclay  Jones,  Luther,   B.   Gordon,  Joseph  Z. 
Bean,  Clara  H.  Willets,  Amos  Davis  and  Charity  W.    Davis.     Three  of  this 
number  are  not  at  present  resident  here.     There  is  one  minister  at  Stranger's, 
Tannis  K.  St^angeland.     The  most  prominent  members   now,  including   those 
mentioned  above,  are  Philemon  Jones,  Samuel  T.   Mote,  Benjamin  Hammond, 
A.  M.  Townsend,  Hiram  Hammond,  Annie  Willits,  and  D.  D.  McGrew.     The 
statistical  report  shows  that  none  of  its  members   use  intoxicating  liquor,  and 
are  a  strictly  temperate  people,  except  in  the  use  of  tobacco,  and  only   eleven 
members  out  of  the  240  use  that  in  any  form.     Nearly   all  are  in   comfortable 
circumstances,  making  a  good  living,  and  those  few  who  require  aid   are  main- 
tained by  the  members  of  the  Church. 

The  Friends'  Sabbath  school  was  first  organized  in  1855,  by  Hettie  Jones, 
E.  Allman,  and  Joel  Willits.  The  school  was  formed  into  one  class,  number- 
ing ten,  with  Joel  Willits  as  teacher,  and  was  kept  for  three  months  out  of  the 
year  for  several  years — opened  in  the  Spring  and  closed  in  Autumn.  But  for 
the  last  ten  years,  it  has  been  in  continuous  operation,  its  average  attendance 
being  102,  while  the  number  enrolled  is  180.  The  present  Superintendent  is 
Joel  Willits  ;  Assistant  Sunerintendent  and  Secretary  is  Rachael  Hammond, 
and  there  are  thirteen  teachers  and  classes. 


532  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

FRIEND^'    ACADEMY. 

This  institution  of  learning  is  beautifully  located  about  one-half  mile  west 
of  the  village  of  Le  Grand,  on  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry,,  near  the  east  edge  of  the 
county,  and  is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  A  mutual  desire 
among  Friends  at  Le  Grand  to  establish  a  graded  school,  in  which  their  chil- 
dren might  receive  a  more  advanced,  and  at  the  same  time,  a  more  guarded, 
intellectual  and  religious  training  than  they  could  in  the  public  schools,  led 
to  the  organization  of  the  Friends'  Academy,  in  the  Spring  of  1873.  The 
first  term  of  school  opened  on  the  5th  of  May,  with  Walter  D.  Jones,  of  Ohio, 
as  Principal,  and  Ellen  Michener,  of  Le  Grand,  assistant,  and  an  attendance  of 
fifty  students. 

For  a  number  of  terms  the  school  occupied  a  room  in  the  Friends'  Church. 
W.  D.  Jones  continued  Principal  of  the  school  during  the  Fall  and  Winter 
terms  of  the  next  year,  and  the  Spring  of  1874  was  taught  by  the  sisters 
Angie  and  Annie  Frazier,  Avith  the  former  as  Principal.  In  the  Fall  of  1874, 
John  R.  White,  of  Indiana,  was  employed  as  Principal,  and  still  holds  that 
position.  One  of  his  first  measures  was  to  more  thoroughly  grade  the  school. 
preparing  a  printed  course  of  study  for  the  primary  and  academic  departments. 
The  latter  embraced  three  years.  He  was  assisted  the  year  of  1874-5  by  Mary 
H.  Willits,  of  Le  Grand.  The  school  was  gradually  increasing  in  numbers 
and  popularity,  and  promised  to  become  a  permanent  institution  ;  but  before  this 
promise  could  be  realized,  it  became  necessary  to  have  a  convenient  and  com- 
modious place  for  holding  the  school.  So,  about  this  time,  the  subject  of  a  new 
school  building  was  strongly  agitated.  Something  like  a  joint-stock  company 
was  formed  and  the  shares  fixed  at  $25  each.  Each  one  was  entitled  to  one 
vote  for  each  share  subscribed.  It  was  agreed  to  build  a  brick  house,  and 
George  Hammond,  Joel  Willits  and  Samuel  T.  Mote  were  chosen  Building  Com- 
mittee. In  the  Summer  of  1875,  the  building  was  put  up  by  James  and  Charles 
Oneal,  Marion.  The  carpenter  work  was  contracted  and  managed  by  the  firm 
of  Heath  &  Ream,  of  Marshalltown.  The  building  is  two  stories  high  above 
the  basement,  and  has  besides  the  basement  story,  two  cloak  rooms,  three  school 
rooms,  two  class  rooms  and  a  library  room,  and  cost  about  eight  thousand 
dollars.  The  school  moved  into  the  new  building  in  the  Winter  term  of 
1875-().  The  assistants  the  past  year,  1877-8,  were  Hettie  W^hite,  B.  S.,  of 
Indiana,  and  Sarah  Henderson,  of  Marshalltown.  The  instructors  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  1878,  are:  J.  R.  White,  B.  S.,  Principal;  Flora  E.  Greene,  B.  S.. 
of  Ohio,  1st  Assistant,  and  Anna  Willits,  2d  Assistant. 

The  enrollment  last  year  was  108.  The  school  has  now  turned  out  three 
classes  of  graduates.  H^-nry  Townsend  composed  the  class  of  1876  and  was 
the  first  graduate  from  the  institution.  The  class  of  1877  numbered  foui',  and 
187S,  five.  The  school  year  embraces  three  terms.  The  Fall  and  Spring 
Terms  are  twelve  weeks  each,  and  the  Winter  term  fourteen  weeks  long.  The 
tuition  in  the  primary  is  33;|  cents,  in  the  academic  50  cents,  ner  week.  The 
course  of  study  in  the  academic  department  has  been  revised  from  time  to  time, 
and  now  embraces  four  years'  work  and  combines  such  branches  of  science,  math- 
ematics and  language  as  will  give  those  that  complete  it  a  good  practical  edu- 
cation, and  at  the  same  time  it  is  so  arranged  as  to  prepare  those  that  wish  to 
take  a  more  extensive  course  to  enter  college  advantageously. 

It  is  the  object  of  this  institution  to  give  thorough  intellectual  training  as 
far  as  it  goes,  and  at  the  same  time  inculcate  into  the  minds  of  the  students 
sound  moral  and  religious  principles;  and  although  the  school  is  under  the  con- 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  533 

trol  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  no  sectarian  feeling  exists,  and  all  denominations 
are  admitted  equally. 

LE  GRAND  CHRISTIAN  INSTITUTE. 

The  Christian  Church  of  Le  Grand  may  be  regarded  as  the  outgrowth  of 
the  early  religious  efforts  of  that  denomination,  on  Timber  Creek,  during  the 
first  settlement  of  the  county. 

The  seeds  sown  there  have  brought  forth  abundant  fruit  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Christian  Society  and  Institute  in  this  village. 

About  twelve  years  ago,  the  Society  erected  a  school  building  at  Le  Grand, 
upon  the  suggestion  of  the  Central  Christian  Conference,  of  Iowa.  With  the 
exception  of  a  few  terms,  the  school  has  been  in  operation  since  that  time.  But 
twelve  years  have  so  increased  the  population  of  the  State  that  the  demands 
upon  the  school  were  greater  than  its  facilities,  and  consequently,  in  April,  1877, 
a  meeting  was  called  to  consider  the  desirability  of  erecting  a  building  to  be 
called  "■  The  Student's  Home,"  for  the  greater  accommodation  of  pupils.  Plans 
were  readily  agreed  upon,  and  a  canvass  was  immediately  commenced  to  raise 
the  needed  funds.  The  building  was  to  be  commenced  when  ^6,000  was  sub- 
scribed, and  that  was  accomplished  by  January  of  1878,  when  preparations 
were  at  once  set  on  foot  for  its  early  completion.  The  building  is  of  brick, 
100x40,  three  stories  high  with  basement,  and  a  wing  60x40  of  the  same  height, 
containing  fifty-six  student's  rooms.  There  is  a  boarding  hall,  with  students' 
vegetable  cellars,  and  other  living  conveniences  besides  those  necessary  for 
school  purposes.  This  is  called  "  The  Students'  Home  of  Le  Grand  Christian 
Institute." 

The  success  of  the  school  for  the  past  year  has  been  most  satisfactory,  there 
being  sixty  students  in  attendance — all  that  could  be  conveniently  accommo- 
dated. The  present  officers  are:  Hon.  Nathan  Worley,  President  ;  Hon.  W. 
V.  Lucas,  Vice  President ;  A.  M.  Coate.  Secretary  ;  W.  H.  Chilson,  Treasurer. 
Executive  Board — W.  G.  Benedict,  A.  M.  Coate,  J.  B.  Welker. 

The  Board  of  Instruction  consists  of  Rev.  J.  Q.  Evans,  Professor  of  Higher 
Mathematics,  Natural  and  Moral  Science ;  R.  0.  Allen.  Teacher  of  Greek  and 
Latin  Languages  and  Literature;  R.  A.  Salisbury,  Teacher  of  Penmanship  and 
Commercial  Department;  Mrs.  Clara  E.  Evans,  Teacher  of  Music  and  Ornamental 
Department ;  Mrs.  Ellen  Michener,  Teacher  of  Drawing  and  Painting ;  Dr. 
Charles  Reiterman,  Teacher  of  Voice  Culture  and  Vocal  Music. 

A  Christian  Church  organization  is  maintained  at  Le  Grand,  with  a  mem- 
bership of  150  and  an  average  attendance  of  100,  and  a  large  Sabbath  school. 
They  occupy  a  brick  church  30x40,  capable  of  holding  400  people,  and  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $1,800.     Rev.  J.  L.  Evans  is  the  present  Pastor. 


LISCOMB.  V 

Liscomb  Township  was  organized  in  1870,  and  the  first  settlers  in  the 
township  were  Isaac  Myers.  Leonard  Dinsel,  J.  B.  Ralls,  S.  Bowman  and  J. 
II.  Hauser.  They  settled  there  as  early  as  1850-51.  In  1854,  there  was' 
comparatively  little  settlement  made  in  Liscomb,  then  Iowa  Township.  Mr. 
Samuel  Beeson  came  to  this  part  of  the  county  and  purchased  five  eighties 
and  one  forty,  two  and  one-half  miles  north  and  a  little  east  of  Albion.  He 
had  moved  his  family  to  Cedar  County  in  the  Fall  of  1854,  and,  leaving  them 
there,  had  come  on  and  purchased  the  above-mentioned  land.     He  then  returned 


534  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

to  his  family,  wintered  there,  and  moved  on  his  claim  in  June,  1855.  There 
were  only  fourteen  persons  living  then  in  this  Congressional  township,  and 
among  them  were  John  Dixson,  Terry  Gowing,  Thomas  Pike  and  Jesse 
Binford. 

Archie  Allison  came  from  Ohio  and  suttled  in  Iowa  Township,  not  long 
after.      Mr.  Beeson,  John  Bennett  and  Clinton   Gifford  came  soon  afterward. 

Mr.  Beeson,  in  speaking  of  the  condition  of  the  county,  said,  "  It  was  all 
wild  prairie,  with  no  settlement  excepting  along  the  timber  near  the  Iowa  River, 
where  there  were  some  few  settlers.  In  May  and  June,  1854,  the  land  was 
nearly  all  entered  for  about  six  miles  east  of  the  Iowa." 

Henry  M.  Beeson  came  to  the  county  in  1853,  and  entered  a  half  section 
two  miles  northeast  of  Albion.  He  moved  on  it  in  the  Spring  of  1855,  and 
broke  forty  acres.  He  was  stricken  with  typhoid  fever,  and  died  in  November, 
1855.  His  wife  and  little  ones  were  left  by  themselves.  His  wife  died  in 
November  of  the  following  year.  His  children  were  cared  for  by  Mr.  Samuel 
Beeson. 

The  settlers  went  to  Albion  and  Iowa  City  for  their  supplies,  and  to  Iowa 
Falls  to  mill. 

A  school  house  was  built  near  Mr.  Beeson's  house  in  1856,  and  the  children 
were  sent  there  to  school  from  long  distances. 

As  a  mark  of  improvement  the  present  farmers  have  over  the  old  pioneers, 
we  will  quote  Mr.  Beeson's  remark  in  regard  to  it :  "  Heavy  ox  teams  did  all 
our  breaking  and  heavy  work.  We  did  not  for  a  moment  suppose  that  horses 
could  be  used  in  breaking  prairie." 

Mr.  Beeson,  in  speaking  of  some  of  the  incidents  connected  with  the  early 
settlement  of  the  county,  related  the  following :  "  When  I  moved  to  this  county 
in  1855,  carpenters  being  very  scarce,  I  secured  some  lumber  from  Dr.  Bush's 
saw-mill,  and  built  me  a  small  shanty.  I  could  not  get  the  carpenters  to  come 
and  build  my  house  until  late  in  the  Fall.  The  Aveather  had  not  set  in  bad  yet, 
but  the  nights  were  very  cold.  While  the  carpenters  were  at  work  on  the  house, 
they  began  to  run  out  of  lumber,  and  I  took  the  north  side  of  my  shanty  out 
and  gave  them  the  lumber  to  use.  This  was  in  November.  During  the  night, 
after  taking  the  side  of  my  shanty  down,  a  terrible  snow  storm  came  on.  I 
arose  and  covered  the  sleeping  over  with  comforts  and  shawls  and  everything 
that  would  keep  off  the  snow,  and  then  crawled  in  myself.  In  the  morning,  the 
snow  ceased  falling.  I  carried  the  snow  out  that  had  fallen  on  the  coverlets, 
thus  preparing  a  place  on  which  to  spread  our  breakfast.  The  carpenters  went 
to  work  and  completed  the  house  shortly  after  dark,  and  we  moved  in.  Byron 
drove  the  carpenters  to  Albion  that  night." 

In  1857,  Mr.  Beeson  hauled  112^  bushels  of  wheat  to  Marengo,  a  distance 
sixty  miles,  making  three  trips,  in  all  360  miles,  and  received  for  his  wheat 
$40.50. 

The  first  reaper  brought  into  this  section  of  country  was  owned  by  John 
Hauser  and  Jacob  Grouse.  They  cut  Mr.  Beeson's  grain  in  the  Fall  of  1856. 
Levi  Ulery  brought  the  first  thresher  into  the  county  the  same  year.  During 
the  years  1857-8,  a  great  many  people  settled  hereabouts,  but  by  far  the  greater 
partion  came  directly  after  the  war. 

The  town  of  Liscomb  was  laid  out  in  1869,  after  the  building  of  the  Central 
Road  of  Iowa.  It  was  laid  out  by  J.  W.  Tripp,  who  has  been  greatly  interested 
in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  place.  The  town  was  named  for  H.  P. 
Liscomb,  an  officer  of  the  road,  and  it  was  a  name  that  pleased  all.  The  post 
office  was  located   in  1869.     J.  D.  Loucke  was   the  first  Postmaster.     Loucke 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  535 

Brothers  erected  the  first  store  in  Liscomb.  It  was  a  small  grocery  store  and 
stood  on  State  street  near  the  livery  stable.  A  large  number  of  buildings  were 
erected  about  the  same  time,  though  the  larger  number  went  up  in  1870. 
There  were  in  business  in  Liscomb  during  the  latter  named  year  W.  Martin 
(formerly  of  Carroll  Co.,  111.),  dry  goods  and  groceries;  D.  A.  Armstronf^, 
grocery ;  Confiehl  Brothers,  grocery ;  Meyer  Brothers,  grocery ;  Moore  iS: 
Mosher,  drugs :  Adams  &  Drown,  hardware ;  Hall  i.^  Brother,  dry  goods  and 
groceries. 

The  first  blacksmith  was  Phelix  Hombel. 

Dr.  Johnson  was  the  pioneer  physician. 

The  business  is  now  represented  by  one  grocery  store,  two  confectionery 
stores,  three  general  stores,  one  hardware  store,  two  millinery  shops,  two  black- 
smith shops,  one  drug  store, 

A  barb  wire  fence  manufactory  is  in  operation,  and  is  the  property  of  Bar- 
ber &  Hopkins.  They  are  operating  on  a  small  scale  with  the  intention  of 
enlarging  their  business. 

J.  C.  Bosworth  &  Co.  are  o][)erating  a  steam  elevator. 

Liscomb  was  incorporated  in  1873.  The  Mayors,  in  regular  order,  have 
been  :  1873-4,  N.  H.  Fields;  1874-5,  Henry  Green  ;  1875-6,  E.  D.  Whitta- 
ker;  1876-7,  Samuel  Beeson ;  1877-8,  J.  C.  Meyers. 

J.  C.  Willits  has  been  Recorder  ever  since  the  city  was  incorporated. 

Liscomb  Lodge,  No.  34.2,  I.  0.  0.  F.  was  established  June  12,  1872,  with 
six  charter  members,  as  follows  :  J.  C.  Meyer,  J.  C.  Hass,  J.  B.  Meyers,  Mos- 
ley  Confield,  Jobel  Hass.  First  officers  :  J.  Meyers,  N.  G. ;  J.  C.  Hass,  V. 
G.  ;  J.  B.  Meyers,  Secretary ;  J.  L.  Hass,  Treasurer.  Present  officers  :  S.  C. 
Hobson,  N.  G. ;  T.  J.  Meyers,  V.  G. ;  J.  C.  Willets,  Secretary ;  H.  C.  All- 
good,  Treasurer.     Membership,  42. 

S.  A.  Emory  established  a  banking  house  in  Liscomb,  October  5,  1875, 
but  it  was  subsequently  sold  to  W.  Martin,  and  is  now  known  as  the  banking 
house  of  W.  Martin, 

Important  among  the  other  interests  of  Liscomb  are  those  of  N.  H.  Field 
and  Mr.  Herrick  as  stock  raisers,  both  dealing  extensively  in  hogs. 

The  first  school  taught  in  Liscomb  was  taught  by  J.  L.  Ralls.  This  was 
soon  after  the  town  was  begun.  This  school  lasted  three  months,  when  a  build- 
ing  was  erected  in  the  south  part  of  Liscomb,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000.  The  aver- 
age attendance  is  sixty.  The  officers  of  the  School  Board  are  :  N.  H.  Fields. 
President;  H.  C.  AUgood,  Secretary;  W.  Martin,  Treasurer.  The  Board  of 
Directors  are  :  N.  H.  Field,  I.  Meyers,  J.  P.  Fuose,  E.  D.  Whittaker,  James 
Baylor,  T.  W.  Potter.  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Mr.  Thompson.  Miss 
Emma  Van  Slack  and  A.  W.  Hill,  Assistants. 

Disciple  Church  in  Liscomb. — In  1876,  the  Disciples  in  and  about  Liscomb 
concluded  to  build  a  meeting  house.  This  was  accordingly  done,  although  they 
still  had  their  membership  Avith  the  old  Bethel  Church  some  three  miles  in  the 
country.  After  the  house  was  built  they  organized  with  a  membership  of  about 
fifty.  Elder  G.  H,  Laughlin,  one  of  the  Professors  in  Oskaloosa  College,  was 
their  preacher  at  this  time,  and  he  continued  his  monthly  visits  for  some  time 
after.  In  December,  1876,  the  Church  secured  the  assistance  of  Elder  F.  Walden 
to  hold  a  protracted  meeting,  which  lasted  four  weeks.  There  were  twenty-five 
added  to  the  Church  as  the  result  of  this  meeting.  Soon  after  Elder  Walden 
commenced  preaching  regularly  for  the  Church,  and  continues  up  to  the  present 
to  preach  there  one-half  his  time.  In  December,  1877,  another  protracted 
meeting  was  held  by  their  present  Pastor,    and  fifty-one  were  added   to   the 


536  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

Church.  The  present  membership  is  about  one  hundred  and  fifty.  H.  H. 
Wilson,  A.  H.  McMahon  and  G.  L.  Nichols  are  the  Elders,  and  D.  T.  Parnell 
and  G.  W.  Calhoun  are  the  Deacons. 

Tlie  Methodist  Episcopal  society  was  organized  during  1870-71,  Mr.  Lis- 
comb  donating  $1,000  toward  building  a  church.  A  church  edifice  was  erected 
and  services  conducted  for  some  time,  but  the  society  has  died  out. 

Company  K,  of  the  Third  Regiment  Iowa  N.  G.,  was  organized  August  12, 
1877,  with  fift}'-  three  members.  The  officers  were  R.  H.  Stevenson,  Captain  ; 
J.  B.  Meyre,  First  Lieutenant ;  James  T.  Jackson,  Second  Lieutenant.  The 
Company  drilled  under  this  organization  for  nine  months,  when  they  were 
detached,  and  placed  in  the  First  Regiment  Iowa  N.  G.  The  letter  of  the 
Company  was  changed  to  F,  and  upon  the  organization  of  the  First  Battalion 
of  the  Iowa  N.  G.,  they  were  made  Company  A  of  the  First  Battalion.  There 
are  now  forty-two  men  in  the  Company.  Officers  :  J.  B.  Myers,  Captain  ;  J. 
C.  Myers,  First  Lieutenant ;  Y.  A.  Gripp,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Capt.  Stevenson  was  promoted  to  the  rank  Major  on  Gen.  Miles  T.  Sher- 
man's staff,  Second  Brigade,  and  Assistant  Inspector  General,  Second  Brigade. 
The  Company  is  provided  with  an  armory  and  forty-two  stand  of  arms. 

In  1875,  The  Farmers'  Union  Railroad  Company  was  organized  in  Liscomb, 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  to  the  Mississippi  River 
from  Liscomb.  The  officers  of  the  Company  at  that  time  were,  J.  N.  Tripp, 
President ;  William  Battin,  Vice  President ;  F.  A.  Soule,  Secretary ;  I.  A. 
Emory,  Treasurer.  Directors — William  Goodrich,  S.  Beeman,  J.  C  Conrad, 
George  Elliot. 

The  company  laid  ten  miles  of  wooden  track*  and  graded  twenty  miles  of 
roadway.  They  purchased  an  engine  and  ten  cars  in  Cincinnati,  and  run  the 
road  six  months  when  it  fell  into  litigation. 


GILMAN. 

The  City  of  Gilman  is  located  in  Green  Castle  Township,  a  region  finely 
watered  by  tributaries  of  Timber  Creek  and  North  Skunk,  and  containing 
excellent  farming  lands.  Elias  Ililsabeck  was  the  oldest  settler  in  this  town- 
ship, having  come  from  Illinois  in  1852,  and  entered  his  land.  The  village  of 
Green  Castle,  which  died  of  overweening  ambition,  since  it  aspired  to  be  a 
second  New  York,  or  of  discouragement  when  the  Central  Road  showed  a  pref- 
erence for  its  rival  Gilman,  was  the  first  city  that  sprouted  in  this  soil.  Mr. 
Blakcley  Brush  built  a  large,  two-story  house  there,  without  wings,  which  bore 
the  name  of  '•  The  Castle."    Later,  this  was  metamorphosed  into  modern  dwelling. 

Gilman  was  the  direct  outgrowth  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa. 

The  territory  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Gilman,  and  the  adjacent  country 
first  began  to  be  settled  in  1868.  The  settlers  who  were  living  there  at  that 
period,  or  who  came  soon  after  were,  F.  F.    IngersoU,  Amos  Ingersoll,    Lyman 

Farr,  Berry,  George  Pence,  Jacob  and  John  Pence,  John  Green,  Arthur 

Hall,  Lyman  Hall,  Moses  Hall,  H.  Sutherland,  Brayton  Burtch,  Isaac  Mallet, 
Josiah  Patterson,  A.  W.  Patterson,  W.  J.  Patterson,  William  Wenderling  and 
Dr.  Potter.  There  were  others  who  come  afterward,  whose  names  did  not 
occur  to  Mr.  Patterson. 

The  railroad  came  through  in  the  Fall  of  1870.     The  town  of  Gilman  was 

laid  out  in  December,  1870,    by  Fred.  Baum Downer,  Charles  Hobart  and 

F.  F.  Ingersoll.  The  town  derived  its  name  from  President  Gilman  of  the  Cen- 
tral Road,  now  a  resident  of  Eldora. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  537 

The  people  gave  $10,000  and  ten  acres  of  land  toward  tlie  construction  of 
the  railroad.  The  post  office  was  established  in  April,  1871.  F.  F.  Inc^ersoll 
was  the  first  Postmaster.  After  the  town  Avas  laid  out,  a  Town  Lot  Company 
was  formed,  which  purchased  100  acres  of  A.  W.  Patterson  ;  sixty  acres  of  John 
Green  ;  eighty  acres  of  C.  Hobart;  eighty  acres  of  F.  F.  Ingersoll ;  thirty-seven 
acres  of  Dr.  Potter.  The  Company  then  began  to  dispose  of  the  lots,  and  still 
control  the  sale. 

The  first  store  in  Gilman  was  built  in  1871,  by  M.  L.  Rodgers ;  it  stood  on 
the  corner,  next  to  Mr.  Patterson's  warehouse,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street 
and  is  occupied  by  Hartman  &  Cunningham.  The  second  building  was  erected 
by  A.  W.  Patterson  in  the  same  year.  It  stands  on  the  corner  of  IMain 
street,  and  now  occupied  by  Milton   Young.      It  was   first  used  as  a   hardware 

StOl'C. 

After  this  period,  the  people  began  to  come  in  so  fast  that  building  became 
rapid.  Whiteline  ik  Brothers  built  the  third  store.  The  first  lumber  yard  was 
opened  by  L.  G.  Rinehart.  Dr.  Potter  was  the  first  })hysician.  The  first 
elevator  was  built  in  1871,  by  A.  W.  Patterson.  Mr.  L.  G.  Rinehart  built  the 
first  resi<lence.  Mr.  Patterson  opened  the  first  hardware  house.  J.  R.  Wood 
was  the  first  station  agent. 

The  Union  Mills  were  established  in  1875  by  Rigg  &  Emers.  The  mills 
are  now  owned  by  Rigg  &  Brownlee.  They  are  located  north  of  the  depot. 
The  main  building  is  84x36,  a  three-story  frame  structure;  the  engine  room  is 
16x40  feet  in  size.  There  are  two  runs  of  stone,  but  the  proprietors  are  pre- 
paring to  pl&ce  another  set  in  the  mill.  A  Cooper  engine,  built  at  Mt.  A^ernon, 
Ohio,  of  fifty  horse-power  is  used.  All  the  modern  improvements  in  milling 
machinery  are  in  use  in  this  mill.     They  have  a  capacity  of  150  barrels  per  day. 

There  are  three  elevators:  the  old  '*  Waggoner  Elevator"  is  the  property  of 
G.  E.  Stokes.  Rigg  &  Brownlee  own  and  operate  the  small  elevator  that  was 
built  by  A.  W.  Patterson.     L.  G.  Beal  is  the  owner  of  a  large  steam  elevator. 

Gilman  was  incorporated  in  1876.  The  first  meeting  of  the  Board,  elected 
subject  to  the  incorporation,  was  held  July  31,  1876.  The  Mayor  and  Council 
were  as  follows  :  John  Carney,  Mayor ;  J.  C.  Gould,  W.  S.  Horton,  C  W. 
Waggoner,  A-  W.  Patterson,  J.  A.  Hartman,  Councilmen.  The  Recorder  was 
H.  H.  Gregg,  and  the  Marshal,  Ira  Elly.  The  above-named  gentlemen  held 
their  respective  offices  until  March,  1877,  when  a  new  election  was  held,  at 
which  the  Mayor  and  all  the  old  Councilmen  were  re-elected  except  Mr.  Hart- 
man, H.  Sutherland  being  chosen  in  his  stead.  Messrs.  Patterson  and  Gould 
resigned,  and  J.  B.  Pence,  and  H.  W.  Mundihank  were  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancies.  R.  H.  Achard  was  appointed  Assessor,  and  J.  H.  Henriques, 
Tieasurer.  The  latter-named  gentleman  resigned  his  office,  and  L.  G.  Seagar 
was  the  appointee  in  his  place. 

The  city  officers  for  1878  are :  R.  H.  Archard,  Mayor;  H.  H.  Gregg, 
Recorder  ;  L.  G.  Seagar,  Treasurer  ;  D.  A.  Comstock,  Assessor.  Councilmen 
— H.  Sutherland ;  W.  J.  Ward,  Irwin  Poet,  Dennis  Beal,  R.  Sutton.  Ira 
Elly,  Marshal.  There  is  no  permanent  or  eifective  fire  department,  though  the 
citizens  contemplate  the  purchasing  of  an  engine  as  a  better  protection  against 
fire.  The  town  is  at  present  provided  with  a  number  of  hooks  and  ladders  that 
are  stored  in  convenient  localities. 

SECRET  SOCIETIES. 

Cyrus  Lodge.  No.  SSS.  A..  F.  cf  A.  M — A  dispensation  was  granted  this 
Lodse  in  1874.     First  officers:     C.   H.   Shaw,  \V.  M.  :  J.  R.  Wood,  S.  W.  ; 


538  HISTORY  Oh   MARSHALL  CuUNTY. 

David  Bowen,  J.  W. ;  C.  W.  Waggoner,  Treasurer ;  J.  H.  Seagar,  Secretary  ; 
W.  J.  Ward,  S.  D.  ;  A.  G.  Ellis,  Tiler.  The  charter  was  granted  June*3, 
1875.  Present  officers  :  W.  J.  Ward,  W.  M.  ;  L.  G.  Seagar,  S.  W. ;  Dennis 
Beal.  J.  W.  ;  C.  W.  Waggoner,  Treasurer ;  E.  Cunningham,  Secretary  ;  J.  C. 
Gould,  S.  D.  ;  John  Pemberton,  J.  D. ;  R.  H.  Archard,  S.  S. ;  J.  H.  Vosburg, 
J.  S. ;  H.  S.  Turner,  Tiler.  Organized  with  ten  members ;  present  member- 
ship, sixty-five. 

Uden  Lodge,  No.  316,  I.  0.  0.  F. — Organized  June  9,  1875,  with  six 
members.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in  the  second  story  of  the  building  now- 
owned  and  occupied  by  W.  D.  Forbush.  First  officers:  R.  Andrews,  N.  G.  : 
James  Durrell,  V.  G.  ;  J.  R.  O'Neal,  Secretary ;  E.  R.  Wilkinson,  Treasurer. 
Present  officers  :  Irwin  Peet,  N.  G.  :  Dorr  Graves,  V.  G.  ;  B.  P.  Bennett, 
Secretary  ;  R.  Andrews,  P.  Secretary ;  H.  W.  Mundihank,  Treasurer.  Mem- 
bership, thirty-eight. 

Oilman  Lodge,  No.  157,  A.  0.  U.  W. — Tiiis  Lodge  was  organized  April 
6,  1878,  with  eighteen  charter  members.  First  officers :  W.  D.  Forbush,  P. 
M.  W. ;  John  Carney,  M.  W.  ;  Dennis  Beal,  G.  F.  ;  C.  H.  Shaw,  0.;  0.  P. 
Beal,  G. ;  H.  H.  Gregg,  R.  ;  W.  S.  Horton,  F. ;  C.  W.  Waggoner,  R.  ;  H.  Alex- 
ander, I.  W.  ;  .John  Ensinger,  0.  W.  Present  officers  same  as  above  with  the 
exception  of  Recorder,  which  office  is  held  by  C.  W.  Pinkerton.  Membership, 
twenty. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  Gilman,  was  the  school  building  that  was  used  in 
the  district,  and  after  the  establishment  of  the  town  was  moved  within  the  limits. 
About  thirty  pupils  were  in  attendance  the  first  term.  The  present  school 
building  was  built  in  1873,  and  is  a  large  two-story  frame,  containing  three 
rooms,  and  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $4,000. 

The  average  attendance  is  about  135  ;  number  enrolled,  170.  The  present 
teachers  are  R.  D.  Jones,  Principal ;  Miss  E.  Fletcher  and  Miss  Kate  Smalley, 
Assistants.  The  President  and  Board  of  Directors  are  as  follows:  President, 
W.  S.  Horton;  Secretary,  H.  Sutherland;  Treasurer,  C.  W.  Waggoner:  Direct- 
ors, George  Pence,  William  Weaverling,  J.  H.  Scurr. 

RELIGIOUS. 

First  Congregational  Church. — This  Church  was  organized  March  29,  1870, 
with  eight  members.  This  being  prior  to  the  rise  of  Gilman,  the  organization 
was  perfected  in  School  House  No.  3,  Green  Castle  Township.  The  Church  was 
given  the  name  of  the  above  township  but  was  changed  to  that  of  Gilman.  Serv- 
ices were  held  in  the  school  house,  until  the  year  1871,  when  a  church  build- 
ing was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $3,148. 

The  first  minister  was  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Chamberlain.  He  was  succeeded, 
after  a  few  months,  by  Prof.  S.  J.  Buck.  The  Church  has  never  been  provided 
with  a  resident  Pastor,  until  the  present  one,  Rev.  F.  H.  Magoon,  who,  having 
accepted  an  invitation  to  become  such,  entered  upon  his  duties,  July  21,  1878. 
In  1877,  the  church  edifice  was  newly  fitted  up  at  a  cost  of  $500,  making  it 
very  pleasant  for  purposes  of  worship.  The  Church  membership  now  numbers 
74,  and  is  constantly  increasing.  There  is  a  flourishing  Sabbath  school  con- 
nected with  this  society,  with  an  average  attendance  of  60.  Mr.  John  Carney 
is  the  Superintendent.     He  is  assisted  by  an  able  corps  of  teachers. 

The  First  Metliodist  Ejnscopal  Church  of  Gilman  was  formed  in  the  year 
1872,  by  uniting  two  appointments  of  what  was  formerly  the  Le  Grand  Circuit 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  539 

of  Upper  Iowa  Conference,  and  the  Johnson  and  Middlefield  Classes.  The  hit- 
ter was  organized  in  the  year  1865,  by  Rev.  J.  Haymond,  in  a  school  house 
near  the  residence  of  Mr.  L.  G.  Beale,  of  Oilman,  and  formed  a  part  of  the 
Le  Grand  charge  until  1872,  when  the  Gilman  Circuit  was  formed,  and  the  Rev. 
K.  G.  Hawn  appointed  its  Pastor.  He  served  the  Church  only  about  six  months 
when  he  left  it  and  went  West,  and  then  the  Presiding  Elder,  J.  Bowman  em- 
ployed J.  J.  Caldwell  to  fill  out  the  year.  He  succeeded  during  this  half  vear 
in  raising  the  funds  to  build  a  foundation  for  a  church  in  the  then  new  town  of 
Gilman.  The  lot  on  which  the  residence  of  Mr.  D.  McDaniels  now  stands  on 
High  street,  was  purchased  and  the  foundation  laid  just  as  the  Conference  vear 
closed.  October,  1873,  Rev.  L.  G.  Woodford  was  appointed  by  the  Conference 
to  the  charge,  who  thinking  the  foundation  too  small,  persuaded  the  people  to 
build  larger.  They  finally  abandoned  both  plan  and  location,  and  secured  lots 
where  the  present  church  stands.  This  building  was  begun  near  the  close  of 
Woodford's  first  year,  and  was  nearly  inclosed  at  Conference  time.  At  the 
Annual  Conference  of  1874,  L.  C.  Woodford  was  re-appointed  to  Gilman.  The 
Chapel  was  finished  and  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  John  Clinton,  November  20th. 
The  entire  cost  of  the  building  was  $3,871.  September  27,  1875,  E,  D.  Hos- 
kyns  was  appointed  to  the  charge  and  served  two  years.  October  7,  1877,  L. 
S.  Cooley  was  made  the  Pastor  until  October  2,  1878.  The  present  number  of 
members  on  the  records  is  90. 

The  M.  E.  Church  of  Laurel,  Jefferson  Township,  was  organized  in  June, 
1864,  by  the  Rev.  S.  Dunton,  and  formed  a  part  of  what  was  then  known  as  the 
Timber  Creek  Mission,  embracing  the  following  preaching  places:  Hazel 
Green,  Illinois  Grove,  Story  Grove,  Bear  Grove,  Altic's  School  House  and 
Jefferson  School  House.  In  the  Fall  of  1864,  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Vananda  was 
sent  to  the  work  and  labored  one  year.  In  1865,  Rev.  J.  Havmond  was 
appointed  preacher,  and  the  circuit  was  enlarged  by  the  following  appointments: 
Richart's,  Le  Grand,  Marietta  and  State  Centre.  It  was  again  enlarged  at  the 
Conference  of  1866.  Rev.  Jacob  Haymond  was  sent  as  Pastor,  and  R. 
M.  Wade  was  sent  as  junior  preacher.  The  latter  was  sent  to  fill  a  vacancy  at 
Tama  City,  near  the  middle  of  the  year,  and  Revs.  J.  Montgomery  and  Austin 
filled  out  the  year.  In  1867,  Asa  Critchfield  was  the  minister,  and  in  1868, 
Rev.  J.  E.  Baker,  and  J.  F.  Baker  in  1869.  The  Conference  of  1870  appoint- 
ed G.  M.  Hall  to  the  Le  Grand  charge,  and  during  this  year  the  chapel  at  Lau- 
rel was  begun.  R.  G.  Hawn  was  sent  to  the  work  in  1871.  The  chapel  was 
finished  and  dedicated  Oct.  30,  and  called  Dunton  Chapel,  in  honor  of  the 
founder  of  the  society  here.  In  1872,  Laurel  became  a  part  of  the  Gilman 
circuit,  and  R.  G.  Hawn  was  its  Pastor  about  one-half  of  the  year,  when  he 
left  the  charge  for  some  part  of  the  West. 


EDENVILLE. 

This  beautiful  little  village  is  situated  in  Eden  Township,  eight  miles  south 
of  State  Centre,  with  a  rich,  thriving  community  all  about  it.  It  was  laid  out 
by  C.  B.  Rhodes  in  1855,  who  built  the  first  store  and  brought  on  the  first 
stock  of  goods.  The  old  store  is  still  standing,  unoccupied.  The  earliest  set- 
tler in  the  vicinity  was  Greene  Allen,  who  came  upon  his  claim  of  600  acres  in 
1849.  He  was  made  of  the  right  stuff  for  a  pioneer,  as  even  the  Timber 
Creek  Indian  scare  did  not  cause  him  any  trepidation ;  or,  if  it  did,  he  did  not 
manifest   it.   but  kept   on   in  the   even  tenor  of  his   way,   not  even  deigning 


540  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY. 

to  go  into  the  fort  with  the  terrified  settlers.  A  man  of  the  name  of  Mag- 
gard  hved  in  a  cabin  near  Clear  Creek,  and  made  a  little  improvement,  but  he 
took  a  fever  from  exposure  and  died  before  there  were  half  a  dozen  families 
within  twenty  miles  to  miss  one  of  their  limited  number.  Among  the  earliest 
settlers  were  Rev.  Thomas  Mendenhall  and  Rev.  Simon  Woolston,  the  latter 
of  whom  labored  for  temperance  and  Masonry  as  well  as  for  the  church,  and 
who  afterAvard  removed  to  Missouri,  leaving  behind  him  a  numerous  family  of 
sons  and  daughters.  At  about  the  same  time  came  Mr.  Owen  and  Simon  Price, 
and  Mr.  Andrew  Logan,  who  published  the  first  newspaper  in  Iowa,  at 
Davenport,  in  1836.  Mr.  Tufle,  of  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  came  in  1855,  fenced 
his  land  and  built  his  house  when  the  howl  of  the  wolf  was  one  of  the  most 
familiar  sounds  to  be  heard.  Mr.  Ruston  Bullock  came  later,  also  Mr.  Jerole- 
man. 

Mr.  Rhodes,  besides  building  the  first  store,  built  the  first  mill.  There 
were  but  two  families  then  besides  his  own — Brooks  and  Sandford,  Sandford 
keeping  the  hotel.  The  latter  was  afterward  one  of  the  first  Justices  in  the 
township. 

The  first  4th  of  July  celebration  was  in  1858,  and  it  was  a  memorable  affair. 
The  tables  were  laden,  there  was  music  by  the  choir,  and  an  oration  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Merrill,  of  Jasper  County.  Zenas  Bartlett  was  Grand  Marshal,  and  the 
patriotic  croAvd  marched  around  the  mill  and  back  to  the  grove  in  the  hot  sun. 
Mr.  Benson,  who  a  few  years  later  was  killed  by  lightning,  was  one  of  the  com- 
pany, and  Martin  Logan,  the  first  one  of  Eden's  sons  to  fall  in  the  defense  of 
his  country.  There  was  also  Mr.  Bartlett,  who  left  wife  and  little  children  and 
an  aged  father  to  die  in  a  St.  Louis  hospital ;  and  George  Culver  and  Irving 
Benson,  who  were  killed  at  Champion  Hills  ;  then  the  martyred  prisoner,  Simon 
Woolston,  and,  after  him,  Harry  Nichols,  who  died  early  at  Alexandria. 

The  school  taught  at  that  early  day  was  in  a  little  log  cabin.  But  a  better 
house  was  built  in  1874,  a  good-sized  frame  building,  which  is  also  used  for 
church  purposes  every  Sabbath.  There  are  at  present  about  sixty  pupils.  A 
weekly  mail  from  Marietta  was  established  in  1857,  and  Mr.  Isaac  Sanford  was 
the  first  Postmaster. 

The  present  business  interests  of  the  village  are  a  grist-mill,  one  general 
store,  a  shoe  shop,  two  or  three  blacksmith  shops,  and  the  post  ofiice.  The  store, 
occupied  by  White  &  Bros.,  was  built  in  1877. 

The  Des  Moines  &  McGregor'  Railroad  was  surveyed  through  the  place,  but 
unfortunately  the  survey  ended  it. 

DILLON. 

This  village  was  laid  out  in  June,  1875,  by  the  Central  Railroad  Company. 
J.  Williams  made  some  additions  to  the  town  and  E.  Pemberton  did  the  same. 
The  post  office  Avas  established  in  the  Fall  of  1875.  A.  Wendt  was  the  first 
Postmaster.     The  town  was  named  for  Judge  Dillon.  ^ 

The  first  store  was  built  by  Dr.  John  Risley.  It  is  the  building  now  occu- 
pied by  R.  A.  Salisbury  tit  Co.  The  first  residence  was  built  by  B.  H.  Pember- 
ton in  July,  1875. 

There  is  a  large  elevator  in  operation,  the  property  of  W.  E.  Russell.  It 
was  built  in  1875,  and  is  operated  by  horse  power. 

The  cozy  little  school  house  was  built  in  1877.  Divine  services  are  also 
held  in  the  school  house. 

Corlieon  &  Chinburg  are  proprietors  of  a  large  grocery  store. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY.  541 

The  business  interests  are  represented  by  one  saloon,  one  drug  store,  two 
grocery  and  general  stores,  two  blacksmith  shops,  one  lumber  yard  and  two 
coal  yards. 

The  place  is  situated  about  eight  miles  i'rom  Marshalltown,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  farming  country. 


LAMOILLE. 

This  little  village,  lying  about  seven  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Marshall- 
town,  Avas  an  outgrowth  of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  Washington  Township,  and  has  a  population  somewhere  between  two 
hundred  and  three  hundred.  The  railroad  was  surveyed  through  in  1863,  and 
a  depot  was  built  the  same  year,  the  town  contributing  $800  toward  that  pur- 
pose. The  large  coal  sheds,  tanks  and  wind-mill,  now  at  the  station,  were 
erected  in  1875. 

The  village  was  platted  in  1867,  by  John  L.  Stevens,  then  an  employe  of 
the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  but  now  an  extensive  farmer.  The  name  Lamoille 
was  given  it  by  Isaac  Howe,  from  the  town  in  Vermont  of  the  same  name. 
The  first  building  was  put  up  within  the  limits  of  the  town  in  1867,  and  in 
1868,  the  first  store,  by  John  L.  Stevens.  Samuel  Keith  rented  it  then  and 
kept  a  stock  of  goods  in  it,  and  it  is  now  occupied  by  John  Ryan, 

The  post  office  Avas  established  in  1868,  with  Henry  Durkee  as  first  Post- 
master. 

There  are  three  general  stores  in  Lamoille,  one  dry  goods,  one  hardware 
and  one  grocery,  besides  a  wheelwright  shop.  Samuel  Miller  built  an  elevator 
in  1867. 

Mr.  Stevens,  the  founder,  has  always  figured  extensively  in  the  affairs  of 
the  town. 


QUARRY. 

The  village  of  Quarry  was  laid  out  in  1868,  by  the  Le  Grand  Quarry  Company. 
It  is  situated  on  the  North-Western  Railway,  three  miles  west  of  Le  Grand. 
Among  the  first  settlers  were  S.  L.  Coate,  Aldus  M.  Coate,  Silas  Wollohan, 
Vogle  and  others.  The  first  building  erected  was  a  hotel.  The  first  store  Avas 
built  by  C.  A.  Phillips  in  1868,  and  is  now  occupied  by  him.  Mr.  John  Smith 
built  the  first  residence.  The  post  office  Av^as  established  in  1867,  Avith  Elias 
Wollohan  as  Postmaster.  The  first  physician  was  Brayton  Benn.  The  first 
birth  was  a  son  to  Fred.  Johnson,  named  William,  and  the  first  death  a  child  of 
the  same  famdy.  A  school  house  Avas  built  in  1869,  one  story  in  height,  con- 
taining tAvo  rooms,  and  built  of  brick. 

The  Christian  Church  has  a  branch  society  here,  though  with  no  church 
edifice.  The  population  is  from  200  to  300,  with  an  average  school  attendance 
of  fifty. 

The  present  business  is  represented  by  tAvo  groceries,  one  blacksmith  shop, 
two  general  stores,  one  agricultural  warehouse,  one  meat  market  and  one 
saloon. 

Mr.  Aldus  M.  Coate  is  the  proprietor  of  the  large  steam  elevator,  24x60 
feet  in  size.  He  ships  about  200.000  bushels  of  grain  per  year.  The  Le 
Grand  Quarry  Marble  is  the  principal  article  of  export. 


o42  HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


SURVEY  OF  TOWNS  AND  VILLAGES. 

It  may  be  convenient  to  know  when  tbe  several  villages  were  surveyed  and 
the  survey  recorded.  The  early  towns  were  not  recorded  at  once,  in  all  cases. 
The  date  of  survey  antedates  the  records  by  some  years  in  the  matter  of  La 
Eayette  or  Albion. 

Le  Grand,  the  first  town,  was  planned  in  1850,  and  a  little  settlement  made, 
with  one  store.  The  records  show  evidence  of  the  town  July  5,  1854.  It  was 
located  on  Section  13,  Town  83,  Range  17. 

Marietta  was  surveyed  in  the  Summer  of  1851,  and  the  plat  was  recorded 
October  11,  1851.  The  site  is  the  west  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section 
18,  Town  84,  Range  18,  and  the  east  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section 
13,  Town  84,  Range  19. 

La  Fayette  (called  Albion  in  1858),  was  surveyed  in  August,  1852,  but  the 
plat  was  not  recorded  until  July  21,  1856.  The  site  is  the  west  half  of  the 
southeast  quarter  and  east  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  6,  Town 
84,  Range  18. 

Marshall  (now  called  Marshalltown,  to  distinguish  it  from  another  place  of 
the  same  name  in  this  State),  was  laid  out  in  1853,  and  filed  August  15,  of  that 
year.  The  site  is  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  and  the  north- 
east quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter  Section  35 ;  and  the  southeast  quarter  of 
the  southwest  quarter  and  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of 
Section  26.  Town  84,  Range  18.  There  have  been  numerous  additions  to  the 
original  plat. 

Bangor  was  recorded  August  17,  1854,  and  is  laid  out  on  the  north  half  of 
the  southwest  quarter  and  south  half  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  17, 
Town  85,  Range  19. 

The  year  1857  was  a  prolific  one  for  town  surveys.  Liberty  was  filed  April 
28,  1857,  and  was  located  on  Section  27,  Town  85,  Range  20,  Bevins  Grove 
is  the  town  on  the  Minerva  at  present.  Illinois  Grove  is  also  a  post  station  on 
Section  8  of  Liberty  Township. 

Jeromeville  was  filed  July  6,  1857,  and  was  laid  out  on  Section  25,  Town 
84,  Range  18,  a  suburb  of  Marshalltown. 

Green  Castle  was  recorded  on  Section  8,  Town  82,  Range  17,  September  7, 
1857,  but  the  scheme  never  amounted  to  much.  The  railroad  has  ended  it  for- 
ever, since  the  line  goes  two  miles  from  this  point. 

State  Centre  dates  from  December  2,  1863,  and  is  located  on  Section  10, 
Town  83,  Range  20. 

Edenville  is  on  Section  9,  Town  82,  Range  20,  and  was  recorded  October 
6.  1866. 

Lamoille  was  filed  November  16,  1867,  and  is  situated  on  Section  2,  Town 
83.  Range  19. 

Both  State  Centre  and  Lamoille  are  towns  created  by  the  North-Western 
road,  and  the  former  is  one  of  the  leading  places  in  the  county. 

Quarry  was  caused  by  the  development  of  the  stone  quarry  on  Section  11, 
Town  83,  Range  17,  and  was  recorded  June  11,  1868. 

Liscomb  was  surveyed  on  Section  12,  Town  85,  Range  19,  and  was  filed 
June  1,  1869. 

Gilman,  an  Iowa  Central  Railroad  town,  is  situated  upon  Sections  25,  26, 
35  and  36,  in  a  diagonal  manner,  in  Town  82,  Range  17.  The  plat  was  re- 
corded January  24,  1872. 


HISTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY, 


543 


Dillon,  situated  on  the  same  road,  was  recorded  June  15,  1876. 
Section  27,  Town  83,  Range  17. 


It 


IS  on 


UNSURVEYED    HAMLETS. 


Timber  Creek  and  Laurel  are  little  hamlets  and  post  stations  in  Jefferson 
Township  ;  Green  Mountain  is  a  post  station,  and  Fredonia  is  a  settlement, 
both  in  Marion  Township.  Minerva  is  a  post  station  in  the  township  of  the 
same  name.  Bevins  Grove  and  Illinois  Grove  are  post  stations  on  the  Minerva 
Creek,  in  Liberty  Township.  Stanford  is  a  post  station  one  and  a  half  miles 
noi'th  of  Bangor,  in  Bangor  Township.  The  Friends'  Society  have  here  located 
a  seminary  of  learning,  in  which  two  teachers  are  employed  and  some  fiftv 
pupils  attend.  Vienna  is  the  post  station  located  near  the  center  of  the  town- 
ship of  that  name. 

PROPERTY  STATEMENT. 


TOWNSHIPS,  TOWNS  AND  CITIES. 

Mai'shalltown 

Marshall 

Eden 

Taylor 

Green  Castle 

Albion 

Iowa 

Liscomb 

Liscomb  Village 

Liberty 

Minerva 

State  Centre 

State  Centre  Village 

Washington 

Logan  

•TefiFerson 

Timber  Creek 

Le  Grand 

Marion 

Vienna 

Bangor 

Marietta :. 

Gilman 

Total  for  1877 

Total  for  1867 


VALUE    OF 
LAND. 


Value  of    Value  of  Per-| 
Town  Lots,  sonal  Property.  | 


TOTAL 
VALUE. 


TOTAL 

TAX. 


$98,449 
103,729 
136,777 
112,831 
167,343 

5,550 
108,081 
192,398 

6,946 
149,777 
195,515 
200,431 

3,641 
161,848 
131,602 
155,593 
213,920 
218,056 
192,095 
164,180 
116,251 
220,439 

8,202 


$634,021 

5,571 

550 
33,282; 

!   17,158 


106,328 
4,496 

115 

16,696 
409 

1,9.59 

4,149 

30,818 


$266,859 
45,653 
25,416 
26,624 
88,366 
31.483 
37,015 
38,881 
22,764 
28,527 
41,983 
74,726 
74,735 
98,305 
24,170 
27,476 
79,095 
146,961 
38,800 
27,290 
22,163 
59,092 
28,478 


$999,329 
149,382 
167,764 
139,455 
206,259 

70,315 
145,096 
231,279 

46,868 
178.304 
237,498 
275,157 
184,704 
2()4,649 
l-'^5,772 
183,184 
298,015 
381,713 
231,304 
191,470 
140,3731 
288,680 

62,498 


13,058.654  $855,552 .$1,304,862  $5,219,068  $162,933.55 
2,109,769j    126,829      924,669|   3,161,l67    100,654.45 


$51,264.49 
3,294.64 
4,1.57.19 
3,486.66 
6,119.33 
2,502.60 
3,-519.44 
4,974.15 
1,610.53 
4,380.05 
5,776.66 
7,436.86 
6,558.42 
6,997.03 
5.087.87 
4,264.-59 
7,404.57 
10,068.62 
5,244.03 
5,327.63 
3,488.25 
6,333.90 
3,684.04 


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tic  5 

C  Or 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DIRECTORY. 


ABBRK"VlJkTIONS. 

agt agent    |    mach machinist 


carp carpenter 

elk clerk 

Co company  or  county 

dlr dealer 

far farmer 

gro grocer 

I.  v.  A Iowa  Volunteer  Artillery 

I.  V.  C Iowa  Volunteer  Cavalry 

I.  V.  I Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry 

lab laborer 


mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

P.  0 Post  Office 

prop proprietor 

S.  or  Sec Section 

St street 

Bupt superintendent 

Treaa Treasurer 


MARSHALLTOWN    AND    LINN    TOWNSHIP.' 

(P.  0.  MARSHALLTOWN.) 


ABBOTT,  A.  C,  manager  Hawk  Eye 
Oil  Mills. 

Abbott,  E.  A.,  graiu  dealer. 

ABELIi,  THOMAS  B.,  deceased  ; 
born  in  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  in  1814;  he 
lived  there  and  in  Michigan  and  Ohio, 
and  came  to  Iowa  in  1856,  locating  in 
Marshall  Co.,  at  Marietta  ;  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  Hon.  Delos  Arnold  in  the 
real  estate  and  loan  business.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Addie  E.  Williams  July  4, 
1858 ;  she  was  from  Erie  Co.,  Penn., 
and  came  to  this  county  in  the  Spring 
of  1857.  In  1862,  they  moved  to  Mar- 
shalltown,  and  engaged  in  the  banking 
business  with  Mr.  Woodbury,  and  was 
afterward  Vice  President  of  the  First 
National  Bank  until  his  death,  April 
187U  ;  he  left  a  large  property  and  two 
children — Florence  and  George  M.,  who 
died  July  1,  1878. 

Adams,  J.  M.,  drayman. 

Adams.  James,  physician. 

Adams,  Josej^h.  mason. 

AICHER,  CORl^EUrS,  coop- 

er,  and  manuiacturer  of  barrels  and  fir- 
kins ;  born  in  Germany,  Oct  ):>,  1845  ; 
lived  there  twenty-two  years  ;  learned 
his  trade  there,  and  came  to  America  in 
Oct.,  1868 ;  came  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa, 
and  remained  one  year,  then  came  to 


Marshalltown  in  1869,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  his  present  business  for  the 
past  nine  years,  and  does  the  largest 
business  of  the  kind  here.  He  married 
Lena  Estel,  from  Ohio,  Sept.  3,  1873  ; 
they  have  two  children — Fred  and 
George. 

Aldrich,  0.  L.,  machinist. 

AliliEN,  I>.  J.,  farmer  and  stock  raiser, 
S.  29;  born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1832;  he  lived  there  in  1853,  when  he 
came  to  Iowa,  to  Marshall  Co.,  being 
one  of  the  early  settlers  ;  he  is  engaged 
largely  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and 
owns  a  farm  of  560  acres.  He  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Holmes,  from  Columbi- 
ana Co.,  Ohio ;  they  have  six  children 
— Charles  S.,  Benjamin  L.,  Mary,  By- 
ron, Sarah  and  Joseph. 

Allen,  E.  W.,  traveling  agent. 

Allen,  Oscar,  agricultural  implements. 

Almblad,  Andrew,  carpenter. 

Anderson,  John  A.,  watchmaker. 

Anderson,  John  W.,  tailor. 

Anderson,  Pet(;r,  laborer. 

ANKEXY,  I>AVID  E.,  black- 
smith ;  born  in  Somerset  Co.,  Penn., 
Sept.  1,  1837  ;  he  learned  his  trade,  and 
carried  on  his  business  there;  he  came  to 
Iowa,  to  Marshalltown,  in  Dec,  1862, 
and  has  been  entraged  in  businesss  for  the 


♦Notice  of  division  in  Marshall  Township  came  in  after  the  above  had  been  compile<l.  consequently  they  are  put 
in  together.    See  History  organization  of  the  County,  p.  341. 


546 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


past  fourteen  years,  and  longer  than  any 
one  else  in  the  same  business  now  here. 

Ansi'line,  John,  hotel. 

AXSON,  HENRY,  far.;  born  in  Can- 
andaigua,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.;  when  5  years 
of  age,  moved  to  Ohio ;  he  started  April  7, 
1851,  with  his  team,  for  Iowa  ;  leaving 
his  fimily  in  lUinoLs,  he  came  here  and 
and  built  a  shanty  ;  then  went  after  his 
family,  and  arrived  here  in  July,  1851, 
and  pre-empted  a  quarter  of  a  section  of 
land,  on  which  the  town  now  stands, 
from  Main  street  south  ;  with  his 
team,  he  drove  through  the  tall  prairie 
grass  to  make  a  track  for  a  road  where 
Main  street  is  located,  and  he  cut  grass 
and  made  hay  here ;  he  was  the  first 
settler  in  this  town,  and  is  the  oldest  set- 
tler living  here  ;  he  engaged  in  locating 
landforsettlers,  and  doing  a  land  agency 
business  ;in  1852,  he  built  the  first  steam 
mill  i  n  the  county,  and  sawed  all  the  lumber 
for  buildings  and  fences,  and  he  built  the 
first  cabin  here  with  windows  in.  He 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1852, 
and  served  four  years,  and  did  a  large 
conveyancing  and  surveying  business ; 
was  appointed  County  Surveyor.  Owns 
a  farm  adjoining  the  city  limits.  Married 
Miss  Jennette  Rice,  from  the  State  of 
New  York  in  July  18-16,  she  died  in 
January,  1859  ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren living — Sturges  R.,  Adrian  C; 
lost  one  son — Melville  F.  ;  his  son,  Ad- 
rian C,  was  the  first  child  born  in  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Anson,  A.,  far.,   S.  2. 

Anson,  S.  R.,  laborer. 

Armbruster,  Louis,  boot  and  shoe  dealer. 

Armington,  A.  0.,  foundryman. 

\rmor,  J.  I.,  master,  Central  R.  11. 

ARNOL.l>,  DFXOS,  bom  in  Che- 
nango Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  21,  1830;  re- 
ceived his  education  in  that  State,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Law  Department 
of  the  Albany  State  University,  in  the 
Spring  of  1853,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  the 
Fall  of  the  same  year  ;  the  day  follow- 
ing his  arrival  in  Marshall  Co.,  he  was 
appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney,  he 
bein"-  the  only  attorney  in  the  county  at 
that  time;  he  held  that  ofiice  four  years  ; 
after  practicing  his  profession  seven  or 
eight  years,  he  was  obliged  to  give  it 
up  on  account  of  his  health.  Was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1856, 


and  again  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1874,  and  still  fills  that 
position  ;  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  the  first  Assessor  of  In- 
ternal Revenue  of  the  Sixth  District, 
embracing  about  one-third  of  the  area  of 
the  State,  and  held  the  office  four  years 
and  was  removed  by  Andrew  Johnson, 
for  political  reasons,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Hon.  Thos.  H.  Benton.  Mr.  Arnold 
had  nothing  when  he  came  here,  and 
few  citizens  of  this  State  have  been 
more  successful.  Married  Miss  Hannah 
R.  Mercer  N'w.  28,  1855,  at  Marietta  ; 
she  was  of  the  Order  of  Friends,  and 
was  from  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio ;  they 
have  three  children — Theresa,  Delos, 
Jr.,  and  Ralph  ;  they  have  lost  three 
children  in  infancy. 

Arnold,  J.  R.,  lightning  rod  dealer. 

Arnold,  0.  P.,  furniture  dealer. 

ARNOLD,  SETH  C,  of  the  firm 
of  Arnold  Bros.,  furniture  dealers  ;  born 
in  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  21,  1833  ; 
lived  there  eighteen  years,  and  removel 
to  Monmouth,  Warren  Co.,  Ill,  and 
lived  there  until  1856,  when  he  came  to 
Iowa  and  located  at  Iowa  Falls,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  there 
until  1874  ;  then  came  to  this  city,  and 
with  his  brother  engaged  in  the  furni- 
ture business.  Has  held  the  ofiice  of 
Superintendent  of  Schools  several  years, 
and  Town  Treasurer,  and  other  town 
and  school  offices.  Married  Miss  Jennie 
Wells,  from  New  York,  May  9,  1860  ; 
they  have  three  children — Clara  L., 
Nellie  and  Harry  O. 

Ash,  M.,  salesman. 

Atkinson,  J.  A.,  bus  driver. 

Austin,  T.  D. 

BACH,  JOHN,  yard  master,  Central 
R.  R. 

Bailey,  Wm.,  farmer. 

RAILE  Y,  W.  T.,  merchant,  grocery, 
provision  and  crockery  ;  was  born  in 
Piatt  Co.,  111.,  May  22,  1845;  lived 
there  until  1868,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business  for  several  years  ; 
then  entered  the  army.  Enlisted  in 
Co.  F,  2d  111.  V.  I.;  was  in  a  number  of 
fights  and  skirmishes,  and  was  severely 
crippled  at  Baton  Rouge,  La.  After 
the  war,  in  1868,  came  to  Marshalltown 
and  for  the  past  eight  years,  has  been  en- 
gaged in  his  present  business.     Married 


MARSflALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


547 


Miss  Marion  L.  Burgess,  from  Vermont, 
in  Sept.,  1868 ;  they  have  two  children 
— Fred  I.  and  John  R.,  and  have  lost 
one  son — Willie. 

BAKEK,  ENOS,  contractor  and 
builder,  and  Vice  President  of  the  Iowa 
Building  and  Manufacturing  Co  .  Mar- 
shalltown  ;  born  in  Highland  Co..  Ohio, 
Nov.  28,  1830,  and  lived  in  Ohio  for 
twenty  years ;  then  removed  to  Hamil- 
ton Co.,  Ind.,  and  lived  there  fourteen 
years ;  then  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1864,  and  since  then  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  building  business.  Has 
held  the  office  of  City  Alderman.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Amy  George,  from  Highland 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  the  Pall  of  1852 ;  they 
have  four  children — Lena,  Cassius, 
Lulu  and  Helen ;  tliey  have  lost  three 
children. 

Baldwin,  Samuel,  retired. 

BALLOU,  CHARLES   T.,    of 

the  firm  of  W.  L  Bates  &  Co.,  dry 
goods  and  carpets  ;  was  born  in  Prince- 
ton, Bureau  Co.,  111.,  Oct.  27,  1848; 
received  his  education  and  engaged  in 
learning  the  dry  goods  business,  and 
afterward  engaged  in  the  business  at 
Wyanet,  in  that  county,  until  the  Spring 
of  1874,  when  he  came  to  Marshalltown 
and  associated  with  W.  I.  Bates,  formerly 
of  Princeton,  in  their  present  business. 
He  married  Miss  Luella  M.  Bates,  from 
Princeton,  Bureau  Co.,  111.,  Sept.  18, 
1870. 

Banzhof,  John,  mason. 

BARXHART,  R.  H.,  retired;  was 
born  in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y..  Oct. 
16,  1833;  he  learned  the  printing 
business  and  lived  in  New  York  until 
19  years  of  age  ;  moved  to  Michi- 
gan in  1852  ;  came  to  Dubuque,  Iowa, 
in  1854,  and  came  to  Marshall  Co.  in 
Oct.,  1855;  in  the  Fall  of  1856,heand 
E.  H.  Chapin  bought  out  the  Iowa  Cen- 
tral Journal^  and  it  was  the  first  paper 
published  in  the  county  ;  in  the  Fall  of 
1858,  Mr.  Barnhart  came  to  Marshall- 
town  and  established  the  Marshall 
Coxinty  Times,  the  first  issue  being  Oct. 
13,  1858;  he  .sold  his  interest  in  the 
paper  in  1861  to  Wm.  H.  Gellup,  and 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  with  R. 
Howe  Taylor  for  ten  years  ;  for  the  past 
few  years  he  has  retired  from  active 
business.      He  is  very  retiring   in  his 


habits,  and  has  steadily  avoided  office. 
Married  Miss  Esther  Hemenway,  from 
Kalamazoo  Co.,  Mich.,  July   13,   1853. 

BARROWS,    ORVILLE     B., 

retired;  was  born  in  Delaware  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  13,  1820  ;  he  was  brought 
up  on  a  farm,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  185<»  ;  then  he  emigrated  to 
Iowa,  coming  in  his  wagon,  camping 
out  nights  and  was  eighteen  days  on 
the  way  ;  they  located  in  Johnson  Co., 
and  lived  there  seventeen  years  ;  then 
then  they  came  to  Marshalltown  in  Dec, 
1868.  He  was  elected  Councilman  in 
his  Ward  in  1869,  and  held  that  office 
for  four  and  a  half  years  ;  was  then 
elected  Mayor  in  the  Spring  of  1874, 
and  held  that  office  for  three  years,  and 
declined  a  re-election  ;  he  has  held  the 
offices  of  Town  Trustee  and  Overseer  of 
the  Poor,  and  is  County  Sealer  of 
Weights  and  Measures.  Married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Wadsworth,  from  Vermont, 
Sept.  28,  1844. 

Batchelor,  Calef,  shoemaker. 

BATES,  WM.  I.,  of  the  firm  of 
Wm.  I.  Bates  &  Co.,  dry  goods  and  car- 
pets ;  born  in  Hampshire  Co.,  Mass., 
July  9,  1850  ;  when  14  years  of  age,  re- 
moved to  Princeton,  111.,  and  was  en- 
gaged with  his  brother  in  the  mercantile 
business  for  five  years ;  then  sold  his  in- 
terest and  was  connected  with  a  whole- 
sale dry  goods  house  in  the  city  of  New 
York  for  four  years  ;  came  to  Marshall- 
town  in  1873,  and  since  then  has  been 
engaged  in  the  dry  goods  trade  here. 
Mariied  Miss  Grace  Hinsdale,  from 
Princeton,  III,  Feb.  12,1873. 

BAOI,  FRED,  retired;  born  in 
Columbiana,  Ohio,  May  14,  1828;  he 
learned  the  harness  making  trade,  and 
also  carriage  trimming  and  painting ;  in 
1<^53,  he  went  to  civil  engineering  on 
the  Ohio  &  Indiana,  now  the  Ft.  Wayne 
&  Chicago  R.  R.  ;  he  helped  make  pre- 
liminary survey  of  portion  of  the  road, 
and  afterward  had  charge  of  and  com- 
pleted the  fourth  division,  from  La  Fay- 
ette to  Vanwert ;  he  came  to  Iowa,  and 
arrived  at  Marietta,  this  county,  April 
13,  1855,  and  engaged  in  general  sur- 
veying and  showing  lands  to  settlers, 
and  he  had  several  narrow  escapes  from 
freezing  to  death  while  out  on  urveying 
expeditions  ;  then  he  engaged      harness 


548 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY  : 


making ;  he  made  the  first  horse  collar 
made  in  this  county  ;  also  painted  and 
trimmed  the  first  carriage  in  this  county, 
and  run  the  first  engineers'  level  in  this 
County,  and  took  the  first  ambrotype 
and  daguerreotype  in  this  county.  He 
was  elected  County  Surveyor ;  held 
the  office  of  City  Assessor  from  18G9  to 
1875.  Has  been  in  poor  health  for  two 
years  past.  Married  Rachel  Dixon,  from 
Columbiana,  Ohio,  March  21,  1851  ; 
she  was  daughter  of  John,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Joshua  Dixon,  founders  of 
Columbiana,  Ohio  ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren— Theron  S.,  Ella  and  Frank. 

Baxter,  E.  F.,  merchant. 

Beach,  Geo.  E.,  gas  fitter  and  plumber. 

Beasley,  N.  H.,  retired. 

Beebe,  Georae  H.,  agent. 

BEE9IEJS,  JAHE8  II.,  proprietor 
Beemer  House;  born  in  Luzerne  Co., 
Penn.,  Sept.  9,  1835  ;  he  lived  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  learned  the  building  busi- 
ness, until  1868,  when  he  came  to  Iowa 
and  to  Mahaska  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
building  and  hotel  business ;  he  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  May,  1878,  and  became 
proprietor  of  the  Beemer  House.  He 
married  Miss  Eliza  Evans,  from  Luzerne 
Co.,  Penn.,  in  March,  1858  ;  they  have 
three  children — Clara  E.,  Katie  I.  and 
Charles  M.,  and  have  lost  one  son. 

BEESON,  BYROIV  A.,  Treasurer 
of  Marshall  Co.  ;  born  in  Columbiana 
Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  26,  1838;  when  12 
years  of  age,  removed  to  Indiana,  and 
lived  there  until  the  Fall  of  1854,  when 
he  came  by  wagon,  with  his  father's 
family,  to  Iowa,  and  was  thirty-four 
days  on  the  way  ;  they  came  to  Marshall 
Co.  June  28,  1855,  and  engaged  in 
farming.  Was  in  the  army  ;  enlisted  as 
private  Aug.  12,  1861,  in  the  2d  Iowa 
V.  C,  Co.  B  ;  he  was  in  the  battles  of 
Corinth,  in  the  Spring  and  Fall  of 
1862,  luka,  Franklin,  Nashville  and 
many  others  ;  was  in  every  engagement 
of  his  regiment,  some  twenty-three  or 
twenty-four,  except  one  charge  ;  was 
promoted  and  commissioned  First  Lieu- 
tenant. After  his  return,  engaged  in 
the  hardware  trade.  Was  elected  County 
Treasurer  in  1876  ;  re-elected  in  1877  ; 
has  held  town  and  school  offices.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Emily  Ulrey,  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  April,   1864;  they  have  four 


children — Roxie,  Mattie  A.,  Ed.  Grier- 
son,  Emmet  G.  ;  lost  one  son  in  infancy. 

Beckwith,  Harvey,  laborer. 

BELL.,  JOHN  C,  firm  of  Matthews 
&  Bell ;  born  in  Cook  Co.,  111.,  May 
12,  1839  ;  removed  to  Schuyler  Co.  in 
infancy,  and  lived  there  until  1852. 
Was  in  the  army  ;  volunteered  April  22, 
1861,  in  the  ikh  111.  V.  I.,  Co.  A ; 
he  served  in  that  company  for  two 
years  and  then  went  in  the  re-organized 
14th  111.  V.  I.,  and  was  commissioned 
First  Lieutenant  of  Co.  E,  and  was 
afterward  promoted  to  Captain  of  Co. 
B,  and  served  in  that  position  until  the 
close  of  the  war  ;  was  in  the  battle  of 
New  Madrid,  and  at  the  capture  of  Gar- 
rison Island  No.  10;  was  with  Gen. 
Pope's  army  around  Corinth,  and  in  the 
pursuit  of  the  rebels  after  the  evacua- 
tion ;  was  with  Gen.  Rosecrans,  and  with 
Gen.  Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea. 
He  came  to  Marshalltown  in  1875,  and 
engaged  in  the  milling  business.  He  is 
Colonel  commanding  the  1st  Independ- 
ent Batallion  Infontry  I.  N.  G.  He 
married  Miss  Nannie  Matthews,  from 
Springfield,  111.,  March  9,  1865  ;  they 
have  four  children — Lulu  M.,  William 
M.,  Nellie  M.  and  Henry  G. 

Bellinger,  R.  A.,  engineer  C.  R.  R 

Bellows,  Frank,  railroad  conductor. 

Benedict,  H.  W.,  soap  manufacturer. 

Benson,  Peter,  laborer. 

Beutter,  Frank  J.,  carpenter. 

Bently,  John,  newspaper  carrier. 

Berg,  Charles,  engineer. 

Berg,  John,  laborer. 

Berry,  W.  S.,  far.,T.  32. 

B£TERAOE,  M.  C,  photograph 
artist;  born  in  Maine,  June  8,  1841; 
he  went  to  Canada  in  infancy,  and  lived 
until  15  years  of  age,  and  then  removed 
to  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  where  he 
learned  his  business.  He  came  here  in 
Jan.,  1876,  and  associated  with  Mr. 
Jarvis  in  his  pressnt  business.  He  married 
Hattie  Crumb, from  \\  isconsin,  in  1871  ; 
they  have  two  children — Maud  and 
Herbie. 

BIN  FORD,  BENJAMIN,  attor 

ney  and  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  born  in 
Salem,  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  April  23, 
1837  ;  I'eceived  his  education  there  and 
studied  law,  and  came  to  Iowa,  to  Mar- 
shalltown, in  1834,  and  was  engaged  in 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOAVNSHIP. 


549 


the  grain  business  for  some  time.  Was 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1876. 
Married  Miss  M.  H.  Duncan  from  Fay- 
ette, Penn.,  Dec.  25,  1867  ;  they  have 
three  children  Uving — Kennedy  D.,  Fan-, 
nie  M.  and  Martha  J. 

BOi  FORI),  O.  Ij.,  attorney  at  law  ; 
born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  20, 
1841,  and  received  his  education  there; 
came  to  Marshalltown  in  1868,  and 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  March,  1872,  and  since  then  has 
practiced  his  profession  here.  Married 
Miss  Abbie  Fawcett,  from  Mahoning 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  March,  1870  ;  they  have 
one  son — Ernest  F.  Binford,  born  Jan. 
8,  1871. 

BEl^fFORD,  THADDErS,  at- 
torney at  law,  firm  of  Brown  &  Binford  ; 
born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  May  14, 
1849  ;  received  his  education  there  and 
graduated  from  the  Cleveland  Law  Col- 
Ieg»;  in  1862  ;  after  teaching  for  two 
years,  he  •  came  to  Marshalltown,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession ; 
is  associated  with  Hon.  Timothy  Brown. 
Married  Miss  Angle  Beasley  from  La 
Fayette,  Ind.,  Oct.  18, 1864  ;  they  have 
four  children — Maggie  J.,  Mamie  L., 
Eusene  B.  and  Jessie  F.;  lost  one  little 
girl — Luella. 

BIRCHARD,  ABNER  T.,drug 

gist ;  born  in  Susquehanna  Co.,  Penn., 
Aug.  24,  1834;  he  lived  in  that  State 
until  1856,  and  came  to  Iowa,  to  Ma- 
haska Co.;  then  removed  to  Humboldt 
Co.,  and  lived  there  until  the  massacre 
at  Spirit  Lake.  He  was  in  the  army  ; 
enlisted  in  1862  in  the  32d  I.  V.  I., 
being  on  non-commission  stafl'  Quar- 
termaster Seargeant.  After  the  war,  he 
returned  to  Boone  Co.  and  engaged  in 
business;  came  to  Marshall  Co.  in  Oct., 
1870  ;  since  then,  he  has  been  engaged 
in  .the  drug  business.  He  has  held 
town  and  school  offices.  Married  Mar- 
garet S.  Lytle,  from  the  State  of  New 
York,  in  Dec,  1865  ;  he  has  three  chil- 
dren by  a  former  wife — Ellen  LT.,  Theo- 
dore P.  and  Mellie. 

Blackburn,  J.  T.,  clerk. 

Blodgett,  C.  P.,  teacher. 

Bloomfield,  R.  E. 

Boardman,  C.  E.,  attorney. 

board:?! AN.  H.  E.  J.,  capitalist. 

Borden,  A.  M.,  farmer. 


BOVEE,  JA^IES,  firm  of  Blaney 
&  Bovee,  meat  market ;  born  in  Caledo- 
nia Co.,  Vt.,  Feb.  19, 1834  ;  he  lived  in 
Vermont  eighteen  years,  and  went  to 
California  in  Dec,  1851,  and  was  there 
two  years  and  a  half  engaged  in  mining  ; 
returned  to  Vermont,  and  came  to  Iowa 
in  1856,  to  this  county,  Marion 
Tp.,  and  engaged  in  farming;  he 
being  one  of  the  early  settlers,  there 
being  only  a  very  few  here  then  ;  he  has 
carried  grain  to  Iowa  City  and  Cedar 
Kapids,  and  has  sold  wheat  at  30c.  a 
bushel;  he  came  to  this  city  in  1874, 
and  engaged  in  his  present  business. 
Married  Miss  Eliza  Morris,  from  Ohio,  in 
Jan.,  1864;  they  have  three  children 
— Clyde,  Maud  and  Morris  ;  have  lost 
one  daughter. 

BOWL.ER,  J.  ROSS,  proprietor 
Boardman  House  ;  born  in  Geauga  Co. , 
Ohio,  Jan.  6,  1837  ;  he  lived  in  Ohio 
until  the  breaking-out  of  the  war.  In 
1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  landsman  in  the 
Navy ;  he  was  transferred  to  the  Fleet 
Paymaster  on  the  naval  station  at  Cairo 
for  one  year,  and  then  received  the  ap- 
pointment and  was  commissioned  Pay- 
master, with  rank  of  Major  ;  there  were 
1 ,300  applications  for  the  position  ahead 
of  him  ;  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  or- 
dered an  immediate  examination,  and 
he  received  the  appointment ;  he  re- 
mained in  that  position  from  1861  until 
1865,  the  close  of  the  war  ;  he  was  then 
Cashier  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment of  Water  Transportation.  Re- 
mained in  New  Orleans  for  two  years 
after  the  war,  and  came  to  Ackley,  Iowa, 
in  1869,  and  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1871;  was  proprietor  of  the  Williams 
House  and  the  Willard  House,  and  after- 
ward built  the  Bowler  House ;  he  was 
solicited,  in  1877,  to  take  charge 
of  the  Boardman  House,  one  of 
the  finest  hotels  in  the  West.  He 
married  Miss  Florence  E.  Bromley, 
daughter  of  Charles  E.  Bromley,  in 
Nov.,  1873  ;  they  have  one  son — Char- 
lie Ross. 

Bowman,  G.  M.,  saloon  and  restaurant. 

BOWJttAN,  JOHN,  proprietor  of 
the  Marshall  Brewery ;  born  in  Ger- 
many, Nov.  10,  1820  ;  learned  the  trade 
of  a  miller,  and  came  to  America  in 
1847 ;    lived    in      Pennsylvania,     and 


550 


DIRECTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


in  New  Jersey,  and  tvorked  for  S8.00 
per  munth,  and  afterward  for  fifty  cents 
a  day  ;  worked  at  the  milling  business  in 
Pensylvania  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1856,  to 
Iowa  City,  and  came  here  to  Marshall- 
town,  in  the  Fall  of  1858,  and  engaged 
in  the  brewing  business  ;  he  had  only 
about  §1,000  when  he  came,  and  com- 
menced the  business  in  a  small  way,  and 
enlarged  it  as  he  could  pay  for  it,  from 
time  to  time,  until  now,  by  industry  and 
good  management ;  his  buildings  and 
improvements  are  as  complete  as  can  be 
found  in  the  State  ;  he  has  invested  over 
$60,000  ;  he  makes  over  3,000  barrels 
a  year.  Married  Mary  B.  Walbert, 
from  Germany,  in  July,  1847;  they 
have  three  children — George,  John  and 
Fred ;  they  have  lost  one  son  and  two 
daughters. 

Bowry,  Adolphus,  painter. 

Bowery,  Hezekiah. 

Boyington,  D.  D.,  clerk,  lumber  yard. 

Brackett,  J.  W.,  grain  dealer. 

BRADL.EY,  JOHN  H.,  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court ;  born  in  Fairfield, 
Conn.,  May  9,  1837  ;  he  received  his 
education  there  until  1856,  when  he 
attended  school  in  New  York  ;  came  to 
Iowa  City,  and  studied  his  profession 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Oct.. 
1857  ;  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  there  in  March,  1858,  and 
continued  until  July,  1862,  when  he 
came  to  Marshalltown.  He  was  elected 
District  Attorney,  and  held  that  oflBce 
from  Feb.,  1866,  until  Oct.,  1872  ;  he 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Judicial  Dis- 
trict embracing  the  counties  of  Marshall, 
Story,  Boone,  Webster,  Hamilton,  Har- 
din, Wright  and  Franklin,  Jan.  1,  1873. 
Married  Miss  Sarah  L.  Duncan  in  Iowa 
City,  in  Sept.,  1859 ;  she  was  from 
Fayette  Co.,  Penn.;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— Charles  D.  and  Susie  C;  have 
lost  one  son — Henry  D.,  born  Dec.  25, 
1864,  and  died  in  Feb.,  1876. 

Brainard,  ^1.  W.,  carpenter. 

BREMNER,  WILLIAM,  County 
Surveyor ;  born  in  Scotland,  March 
21,  1831  ;  came  to  America  in  infancy ; 
lived  in  the  States  of  New  York  and 
Mas.sachusetts ;  in  1839,  went  to  New 
Hampshire,  and  lived  there  seven- 
teen years  ;  was  in  the  engineering 
corps  in  Connecticut ;  came  to  Iowa  in 


1856  ;  after  looking  over  the  State,  he 
settled  here,  and  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers.  He  represented  this  county  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1860-62  ;  was 
elected  County  Surveyor  in  1865,  and 
has  held  the  office  since  then  ;  has  also 
held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace ;  he  was  in  the  Provost  Mar- 
shal's office  in  Tennessee  one  year  dur- 
ing the  war.  Married  Miss  Catherine 
C.  Hampton  from  Columbiana  Co., 
Ohio,  during  the  war.  May  24,  1860  ; 
she  came  to  Iowa,  April  11,  1840  ;  one 
of  the  earliest  settlers  ;  they  have  four 
children — George  H.,  Frances  H.,  An- 
na Bell  and  William  H.  William  P. 
Hepburo,  brother  of  Mrs.  Bremner,  came 
here  in  1856,  one  of  the  early  attor- 
neys here;  he  was  interested  in  the 
county  seat  trouble ;  he  was  in  the  army 
in  the  2d  I.  V.  C,  Co.  B.  ;  he  got  up 
the  company,  and  was  commissioned  as 
Captain.  He  is  now  living  in  Page 
Co. 

BREN]VE€KE,  CHAS.,  money 
loaner  ;  born  in  Prussia  July  4,  1814; 
learned  the  business  of  an  architect  and 
carpenter  ;  came  to  America  in  1840  ; 
he  lived  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  built 
the  bridge  there.  He  married  Miss 
Catharine  Reimschneider,  from  Germa- 
ny, June  28,  1844,  at  Cumberland,  Md., 
they  lived  in  Cumberland,  Md.,  nine 
years,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  1854,  and 
located  at  Timber  Creek  ;  they  were 
among  the  early  settlers  ;  he  has  a  farm, 
saw-mill  and  grist-mill  there ;  he  lived 
there  until  1866,  when  he  came  to  this 
city,  and  since  then,  aside  from  looking 
after  his  interests,  and  loaning  money  ; 
lie  started  to  Europe  in  May,  and  is  now 
in  the  old  country,  visiting  old  friends 
there  ;  they  have  six  children — Emma; 
Augusta,  Johanna,  John,  Frank  and 
Nellie  ;  they  have  lost  one  daughter — 
Lena. 

Britt,  W.  L.,  teamster. 

Broadhead,  John,  jeweler. 

Bromley,  C.   E.,  dry   goods   and  clothing. 

Brown,  Andrew,  laborer. 

Brown,  L.  W.,  carpenter. 

BROWN,  TIMOTHY,  attorney  at 
law,  firm  of  Brown  &  Binfbrd  ;  born 
near  Cooperstown,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  27,  1827  ;  he  was  brought  up  on 
a  farm,  attending  school  during  the  Win- 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


551 


ters  ;  he  was  afterward  a  student  in  the 
Unadilla  Academy  ;  he  then  engaged  in 
teaching  in  district  and  select  schools; 
when  21  years  of  age,  he  became  a  stu- 
dent in  the  office  ol'Hon.  J.  C.  Gregory  of 
Unadilla  ;  after  two  years'  study,  he  en- 
tered the  office  of  his  uncle,  Elijah 
Brown,  of  Milford,  and  was  admitted  to 
to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State;  in  1855  he  came  to  Iowa,  and 
settled  in  Toledo,  Tama  Co.  ;  in  1857, 
he  came  to  Marshalltown,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  has 
been  here  twenty-one  years,  acquiring 
an  extensive  and  remunerative  practice. 
He  married  Miss  Laura  Wheeler,  from 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  23,  1857; 
they  have  three  children — Mary  A., 
L.  Willie  and  Fred  Arthur  ;  lost  one  son 
in  infancy. 
Brown,  William  S.,  teamster. 

BR[J^>H,  WILLIAM  R.,  assist 
ant  engineer,  water  works ;  born  in  Clay 
Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  9,  1837,  and  removed 
to  Bond  Co.,  111.,  when  9  years  of  age  ; 
came  to  this  State  and  county  in  1854  ; 
they  came  by  wagon,  and  were  twenty 
days  on  the  way.  He  was  in  the  army  ; 
enlisted  in  the  5th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  D; 
was  in  the  battles  of  luka,  Miss.,  Cor- 
inth, New  Madrid  and  at  Island  No. 
10  ;  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  luka. 
After  the  war,  he  went  to  Colorado,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  lumbei'  business  for 
seven  years,  and  then  returned  here. 
Marrie<l  Miss  Minerva  A.  Dixon,  from 
Pennsylvania,  Feb.  22, 1870  ;  they  have 
one  adopted  daughter — Anna. 

Buchwald,  Charles,  saloon. 

Buhl,  John,  brewery. 

BULLOCK,  J.  C.,  firm  of  J.  C.  Bul- 
lock &  Co.,  dealers  in  general  hardware 
and  house  furnishing  goods  ;born  in  Ful- 
ton Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  10, 18-12  ;  lived  there 
until  50  vears  of  age.  Was  in  the  army  ; 
enlisted  in  the  153d  N.  Y.  V.  I.,  Co. 
E  ;  was  in  a  number  of  battles ;  among 
them  were  Pleasant  Hills,  Winchester, 
Fisher's  Hill  and  Cedar  Creek  ;  at  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Creek  Oct.  li),  1864, 
he  was  taken  prisoner,  and  confined  in 
Libby  Prison,  and  at  Salisbury,  N.  C, 
for  four  months.  After  his  return  from 
the  war,  he  was  in  business  in  New 
York,  and  in  the  grocery  business  four 
years    in    Whitewater,    Wis.;    came  to 


Marshalltown  in  Feb.,  1878,  and  with 
his  brother  engaged  in  the  hardware 
biisiness.  Married  Miss  Libby  Davis 
from  Palatine,  N.  Y.,  in  1808;  they 
have  one  son — Davis  J.  Bullock. 

BIJNCE,    NATHANIEL    L., 

vineyard  and  fruits;  born  in  Huron  Co., 
Ohio,  May  8,  1829  ;  received  his  educa- 
tion and  studied  medicine  and  gradu- 
ated at  the  Western  Reserve  College, 
Cleveland,  in  1851  ;  he  came  to  Mar- 
shalltown and  located  here  in  August, 
1857,  and  engaged  in  practicing  his  pro- 
fession ;  his  practice  called  him  all  over 
this  section  of  the  country,  and  he  has 
frequently  ridden  fifty  to  100  miles  before 
returning  home ;  and  swimming  the  river 
and  being  surrounded  by  prairie  fires, 
and  chasing  wolves  were  fre(|uent  inci- 
dents in  his  early  practice  ;  after  some 
six  or  eight  years,  he  was  obliged,  on 
account  of  his  health,  to  give  up  his 
practice;  was  afterward  engaged  in  the 
drug  business,  and  selling  goods ;  for 
the  past  few  years,  he  has  given  his  at- 
tention to  cultivating  grapes  and  small 
fruits,  and  is  now  improving  a  very  fine 
place.  He  was  appointea  by  the  Gov- 
ernor, Surgeon  at  Camp  McClelland, 
and  aided  in  the  recruiting  service  dur- 
ing the  war.  He  holds  the  office  of 
City  Councilman.  Married  Miss  Cath- 
arine A.  Bristol  July  3,  1852  ;  she  was 
born  in  Su-^sex  Co.,  New  Jersey,  and 
removed  to  Ohio  when  16  years  of 
age. 
Burke,  Martin,  laborer,  C.  R.  R. 

Bl  RKHART,  CHARLES  J., 

editor  Stufeninan. 
Burritt,  B.  L.,  attorney. 
Burrington,  P.  V.,  paymaster  C.  R.  R- 
Butts,  David,  fireman,  C.  R.  R. 

CALDWELL,  BROOKS  C,  larmer, 
S.  33. 
CALHOrN,  W.  H.,  agent  and  deal- 
er in  agricultural  implements ;  born  in 
Bedford  Co.,  Penn.,  May  27,  1836  ; 
when  10  years  of  age,  he  removed  to 
the  mineral  regions  of  Western  Mary- 
land, and  was  brought  up  there ;  when 
20  years  of  age,  with  his  knapsack  on 
his  back,  he  started  for  Illinois,  and  lo- 
cated in  Ogle  Co.;  he  lived  there  and  in 
Northern  Illinois  until  1865,  when  he 
came  to  Iowa,  to  Marshalltown  ;  he 
opened  a  farm,  and   the    following  year 


552 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


engaged  iu  business,  and  has  continued 
in  it  for  the  past  twelve  years.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  City  Councilman  for 
the  past  ten  years,  and  was  one  of  the 
committee  for  building  the  water  works. 
He  married  Miss  Louisa  DeVore,  from 
Bedford  Co.,  Penn,  in  Nov.,  1857  ;  they 
have  eiiiht  children — Clara  A.,  Emma 
J.,  Elhr,  Albert  C,  Frank  D.,  Willie  H., 
Hattie  and  Lulu. 

■Cammick,  James,  painter. 

Canfield,  G.  L.,  mason. 

Canfield,  J.,  runs  on  railroad. 

Cavenaugh,  J.,  round  house,  C.  R.  R. 

Carlson,  C.  P  ,  laboi-er. 

CARNEY,  JAMES  L,.,  attorney 
at  law  ;  born  in  Lawrence,  Essex  Co., 
Mass.,  July  29,  1847,  and  lived  in  Mas- 
sachusetts until  6  years  of  age,  and 
then  removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  aft- 
erward to  Ohio,  and  came  to  Powe- 
shiek Co.,  Iowa,  in  1858  ;  he  received 
his  education,  and  graduated  at  Iowa 
College,  at  Grinnell,  in  1871,  and  took 
degree  of  B.  S.;  he  then  entered  a  law 
school,  the  State  University  at  Iowa 
City,  and  graduated  in  1873, ;  he  came 
to  this  city  and  has  practiced  his  profes- 
sion here. 

Carpenter,  A.  A.,  teamster. 

Carpenter,  C.  S.,  coal  dealer. 

Carpenter,  J.  M.,  butter  and  egg  dealer. 

CARTER,  GEO.  W.,  DR., 
physician  ;  was  born  in  England, 
April  18,  1827  ;  he  came  to  America 
when  7  years  of  age  ;  he  lived  in  New 
York,  and  began  the  study  of  his  pro- 
fession therein  1850;  he  removed  to 
Michigan  to  attend  the  university  there  ; 
lie  completed  his  professional  education 
and  graduated  in  1858  ;  after  spending 
the  Summer  in  Chicago,  he  came  to 
Davenport,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  in 
the  army  ;  went  as  Assistant  Surgeon  of 
the  9th  I.  V.  I.,  until  May,  18G3,  when 
he  was  transferred  and  promoted  to  Sur- 
geon of  the  3d  I  V.  C,  and  was 
with  that  regiment  until  he  was 
mustered  out  in  the  Fall  of  1865.  He 
came  to  Marshalltown  in  the  Fall  of 
18(38,  and  since  then  has  practiced  his 
profession  here.  He  married  Miss  Cor- 
delia N.  Parks,  from  Genesee  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  in  Feb.,  1855. 

€assiday,  Michael,  laborer. 


Caswell,  Obed,  attorney. 

Chalfant,  E.  B.,  carpenter. 

CHAPIX,  E.  N.,  Postmaster,  and 
publisher  of  the  Marshall  Times  ;  born 
in  Tyringham,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass., 
June  5,  1822  ;  lived  in  Massachusetts 
twenty-seven  years  ;  went  to  California 
in  1849 ;  was  there  five  years  and  re- 
turned to  Massachusetts  in  1854;  cauu; 
to  Iowa,  and  arrived  in  this  county  in 
June,  1855  ;  he  went  to  Rock  Island 
after  a  load  of  groceries,  also  carted  flour 
from  Oskaloosa,  which  was  the  nearest 
flour-mill;  in  1856,  he  commenced  pub- 
lishing the  loioa  Central  Journal;  sold 
out  to  his  partner,  Mr.  Barnhart,  who 
moved  the  office  to  this  town  and  they 
started  the  Marshall  County  Times ; 
Mr.  Chapin  has  been  connected  with  it 
most  of  the  time  since,  and  now  the  pa- 
per has  a  daily  and  weekly  issue.  Has 
held  the  office  of  Supervisor  of  this 
county  ;  was  appointed  Postmaster  under 
President  Lincoln,  and  was  the  first 
government  officer  removed  by  Andrew 
Johnson  for  political  reasons  ;  he  was 
again  appointed  Postmaster  by  President 
Grant  in  March,  1876.  Married  Eliza- 
beth Moore  of  Washington,  Penn.,  in 
1857. 

CHAPMAN,  W.  A.,  DR.,  phy- 
sician ;  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Ohio, 
Sept  11,  1844;  lived  in  Ohio  until  16 
years  of  age,  and  removed  to  Iowa  ,  re- 
turned to  Ohio  and  studied  medicine 
and  graduated  in  the  Cleveland  Medical 
College  in  the  Spring  of  1868  ;  he  then 
came  to  Poweshiek  Co.,  and  practiced 
medicine  until  1872,  when  he  came  to 
Marshalltown,  and  since  then  has  prac- 
ticed his  profession  here.  Was  in  the 
army  in  the  4th  I.  V.  C,  Co.  E,  and 
was  in  the  service  for  eighteen  months. 
Married  Miss  Mary  L.  Clark  from  Powe- 
shiek Co  ,  Iowa,  in  Nov.,  1868;  they 
have  two  children — A.lma  J.  and  Will- 
iam H.;  they  lost  one  son. 

CHILDS,".TOHN,  bee  keeper  ;  born 
in  Massachusetts,  Jan.  8,  1815;  re- 
moved in  infancy  to  Steuben  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  \ihere  he  lived  until  26  years  of  age, 
and  then  removed  to  Ohio.  Married 
Miss  Lodency  Force ;  she  was  born  in 
Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.;  they  started  to  Iowa 
in  May, 1853,  comingto  La  Salle, 111., and 
from  there  by  wagon,  spending  the  Winter 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


553 


near  Princeton,  and  came  on  here  in  tlie 
Spring  ;  arrived  in  Marshalltown  in  May, 
being  among  the  first  settlers ;  he  bought 
a  ch^im  of  William  Ralls,  of  o20  acres, 
north  of  and  adjoining  Main  street,  and 
built  the  first  frame  house  in  the  town  ; 
tlie  first  meeting  in  this  town  was  held 
in  their  log  house,  thirteen  feet  square  ; 
in  1855,  they  went  back  to  Ohio  with 
their  own  team  ;  on  the  way,  their  child 
was  taken  sick,  and  Mr.  Childs  was  also 
sick ;  Mrs.  Childs  sat  under  the  wagon 
all  night  long,  out  on  the  prairie,  holding 
her  little  child  in  her  arms,  and  watch- 
ing it  by  a  lighted  candle,  expecting  it 
would  die  in  her  arms  before  morning  ; 
they  have  two  children — Mrs.  Louisa 
Choate,  and  Mrs.  R.  E.  Sears ;  they 
have  lost  one  son — Benjamin,  and  two 
daughters — x\delaide  and  Edith. 

Chindstrind,  James,  blacksmith. 

Chrisford,  John,  cabinet  maker. 

Choate,  John  P.,  engineer,  C.  R.  R. 

Choate,  M.  M.,  wood  dealer. 

Church,  H.  A.,  stock  dealer. 

Cisne,  C.  J.,  carpenter. 

Clark,  A.  G.,  clerk. 

Clark,  B.  C.,  law  student. 

Clark,  Cluster,  mason. 

Clark,  R.  K.,  far..  S.  31. 

Clark,  S.  H.,  dairy. 

Clark,  Thomas,  butcher. 

COBURX,  JOHIV  C,  of  the  firm  of 
of  Coburn  &  Rewey,  carriage  makers ; 
born  in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  2, 
1842  ;  removed  to  Wisconsin  when  2 
years  of  age ;  learned  his  trade  there. 
He  enlisted  in  the  22d  Regt.  Wis.  V. 
L,  Co.  D;  was  at  the  battles  of  Spring 
Hill  and  Brentwood  Station,  Tenn. ;  was 
taken  prisoner  ;  was  with  Gen.  Sherman 
from  Chattanooga  to  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  came  here  in  18G8,  and  since 
then  has  been  engaged  in  his  present 
business.  He  married  Miss  Sadie  Shirk, 
from  Pennsylvania,  Oct.  21,  1871 ;  they 
have  one  son — George  0.,  born  Dec.  3, 
1875. 

Colburn,  J.  C,  wagon  maker. 

Cole,  Albert,  carpenter. 

Cole,  Thomas,  far.,S.  34. 

Cole,  William,  carpenter. 

Collins,  Morris,  section  boss,  C.  R.  R. 

Colly,  J.  I.,  mason. 

Collyer,  Henry,  butter,  eggs  and  fruit. 

Colt,  J.  C. 


Colt,  John  F. 

Colton,  F.  D.,  carpenter. 

Cook,  E.  C,  real  estate. 

Cooper,  A.  B.,  cooper. 

Cooper,  A.  B.,  grocer. 

Cooper,  A.  S.,  laborer. 

Coppock,  J.  A.,  carpenter. 

Coppock,  W.  R.,  gloves  and  mittens. 

COX,  A.  B.,  proprietor  of  the  Bowler 

House  at  the  depot  of  the    C,    N.    W. 

and  Central  R.  R.  of  Iowa. 
Craig,  George  L.,  tinsmith. 
Craig,  James,  laborer. 
Craig,  Wm.  T.,  mail  agent. 
Crambce,  J.  A.,  carpenter. 
Craudall,  E.  E.,  laborer. 
Crawford,  E.,  laborer. 
Crawford,  Edwin,  teamster. 
Crellcn,  Cesar,  laborer. 
Crellen,  John,  laborer. 
Cronkleton,  0.  T.,  stock  dealer. 
Culp,  S.  R.,  sewing  machine  agent. 

CnOIOGS,    WILLIAM    C, 

DR.,  physician  ;  born  in  Otsego  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  22,  1829.  After  receiving 
his  education,  he  graduated  at  Geneva, 
N.  Y.,  and  practiced  his  profession  at 
Great  Bend,  Susquehanna  Co.,  and  also 
in  Broome  Co.,  near  Binghamton,  for 
several  years  ;  then  attended  a  medical 
college  at  Albany  and  graduated  again, 
and  came  to  Iowa  and  located  for  a 
short  time  at  Eddyville,  and  then 
located  near  Oskaloosa.  Upon  the 
breaking-out  of  the  rebellion,  lie  was 
among  the  first  to  offer  his  services  to 
the  Government;  all  of  his  father's 
family  were  extreme  Seymour  Demo- 
crats, and  he  was  the  only  Republican, 
and  the  only  one  of  the  family  name 
that  was  loya'  to  the  Government  dur- 
ing the  war.  He  was  appointed  First 
Assist.  Surgeon  of  the  10th  I.  V.  I., 
and  had  not  been  out  ten  days  before 
he  was  made  Brigade  Surgeon ;  on 
account  of  ill  health  he  was  obliged  to 
return  home ;  then  went  in  the  field 
again  ;  was  detailed  and  had  charge  ot 
General  Hospital  at  Corinth  ;  he  was  in 
the  service  eighteen  months,  and  it  cost 
him  over  $800  more  than  he  received  ; 
after  the  war,  he  returned  to  Oskaloosa, 
and  came  here  in  1865,  and  since  then 
he  has  ])racticed  his  profession  here. 
Married  3Iisi?  Mary  Lounsbery,  from 
Windsor,   N.  Y.,  in   1852;  they   have 


554 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


two  children — William  C.  and  Ben 
Franklin  ;  lost  one  daughter  in  infancy. 

(Junnin<iham,  C.  P.,  engineer. 

ClT]«XIXGHAItt,  D.  W.,  of  the 

firm  of  Cunningham  &  JLones,  lumber 
dealers  ;  he  was  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  March  20,  1828;  studied  civil 
engineering,  and  was  in  the  State 
Engineer  Corps  in  the  enlargement  of 
the  Erie  Canal  ;  in  1850,  he  went 
South  on  account  of  his  health ;  was 
connected  with  building  railroads  there. 
He  became  intimately  acquainted  with 
many  leading  men — Calhoun,  Pickens, 
Kelt,  Rheitt,  Wade  Hampton,  Colonel 
Orr,  and  many  others.  Upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  came  North, 
sacrificing  all  of  his  interests  there ; 
came  to  Lyons,  Iowa,  without  a  cent, 
and  when  the  railroad  reached  here,  he 
came  to  Marshall,  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business.  Married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Raymond,  from  Port  Jervis,  Orange 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  November,  1865 ;  they 
have  three  children — Artie,  Charlie  and 
Willie. 

Curtis,  J.  F.,  carpenter. 

"pvAILY,  JOSEPH,  shoemaker. 

Daniels,  John,  laborer. 

Darling,  John,  machinist. 

Dart,  J.  T.,  with  Iowa  Building  Co. 

Dart,  L.  S.,  carpenter. 

DATESMAX,  PKTER,  photo- 
graphic artist ;  born  in  Northampton 
Co.,  Penu.,  Aug.  15,  1832 ;  he  lived  in 
Pennsylvania  twenty-three  years  and 
came  to  Iowa  in  1855  ;  came  to  Marshall- 
town  the  same  year,  and  is  one  of  the 
early  settlers ;  he  commenced  the  study 
of  his  profession  and  has  been  engaged 
in  the  business  since  then,  twenty-two 
years,  and  longer  than  any  artist  in  the 
county.  He  married  Miss  Fannie  M. 
Gfcrhart  from  Pennsylvania  Jan.  12, 
1865  ;  they  have  two  children — Lillie 
and  Clara. 

Davis,  Patrick,  lab.  C.  R.  R. 

Dean.  DeWitt,  clerk. 

DEITRICH,  K.  W.,  retired  ;  born 
ill  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  and  lived  in  that 
State  for  twenty-two  years ;  then  removed 
to  Ohio  and  lived  there  until  1854  ;  he 
came  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  1855,  and 
engaged  in  the  wholesale  grocery 
trade  ;  then  sold  out  and  went  to  Wis- 


consin in  1861,  and  engaged  in  the  gro- 
cery trade  at  Green  Bay;  afterward  in 
the  Planing  Mill  business  until  1869, 
when  he  came  to  Marshalltown  and  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business  ;  he  was 
burned  out  May  4,  1872  ;  he  rebuilt 
his  store  and  again  went  into  business 
and  continued  for  a  time  and  then  sold 
out.  Married  Mrs.  Ann  Tanner,  for- 
merly Miss  Ann  Whiler,  from  England  ; 
they  have  two  children — Francis  Ann 
and  John  Edward,  is  book  keeper  for 
J.  W.  Bracket ;  he  has  one  son,  Thomas, 
by  his  first  wife  ;  he  is  not  living. 

Detereck,  J.  F.,  cigar  maker. 

Diesing,  Charles,  gardener. 

Diesing,  Louis,  gardener. 

Dishmer,  John,  miller. 

DOOLITTLE,    MYRON    O., 

grain  dealer  ;  born  in  Canandaigua, 
Ontario  Co.,  New  York,  May  4,  1822  ; 
he  lived  in  York  State  until  1862,  when 
he  removed  to  Michigan,  and  lived  there 
two  years  and  came  to  Iowa,  to  Mar- 
shall Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming  for 
three  years  ;  run  the  Anson  House  for 
eighteen  months,  and  since  then  has 
been  engaged  in  the  grain  business. 
Married  Miss  Adaline  C.  Anson,  from 
Canandaigua,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March 
12,  1855;  they  have  four  children — 
William,  Ella,  Clara,  Mabel  and  have 
lost  two  daughters. 

Doty,  F.  A.,  carpenter. 

Downer,  J.  D.,  farmer  and  stock  dealer. 

Draper,  A'.  V.,  tailor. 

DRrM,  CHARLES,  firm  of  Drum 
&  Heald,  dealers  in  groceries  and  pro- 
visions;  born  in  Union  Co.,  Penn.,  July 
24,  1839  ;  he  lived  there  seventeen 
years  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa ; 
they  were  six  weeks  on  the  way  and  yot 
here  in  Marshall  County  June  27,  1856; 
they  were  early  settlers.  He  married 
Miss  Anna  Windish  in  Marshalltown 
Aug.  23, 1868  ;  they  have  one  daughter 
— Maud  :  they  have  lost  two  sons — 
Harry  and  Martin. 

Drum,  John,  teamster. 

Duer,  Fred.  K.,  carpenter. 

I>UOlJII>,  CORTL,A]*I>,  mer 
chant  and  dealer  in  groceries  aud  crock- 
ery ;  born  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  20,  1826 ;  he  lived  in  that  State 
until  1856,  then  removed  to  Virginia, 
in   Fairfax  Co.,  near    Bull   Run  battle 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


555 


ground  ;  he  came  to  Knox  Co.,  111.,  for 
two  years,  and  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1866  and  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness in  the  same  location  he  now  occupies. 
He  married  Miss  Jane  Vincent,  from 
Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1848;  they 
have  three  children — Eva,  Mary  I.  and 
Emma. 

Dunham,  S.  P.,  painter. 

Durant,  Alfred,  pattern  maker. 

Durell.  H.  E.,  livery  stable. 

Tj^ARLE,  G.  M.,  retired. 

East,  H.  D.,  fui'niture  dealer. 

EAST,  WILLIAM,  firm  of  William 
East  &  Son,  furniture  dealers ;  born  in 
Berkshire,  England,  March  12,  1824, 
and  came  to  America  in  1840  ;  went  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y..  and  engaged  in  chair 
making;  came  to  Iowa,  to  Marshalltown 
in  April,  1862.  There  was  not  a  foot 
of  sidewalk,  nor  a  church  in  this  town 
at  that  time.  He  engaged  in  the  furni- 
ture business  in  December,  1862,  and 
has  been  in  the  business  for  sixteen 
years  ;  the  oldest  furniture  dealer  here. 
Holds  office  of  City  Alderman,  is  serv- 
ing his  sixth  year.  Married  Harriet  J. 
Ranney,  from  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1848;  they  have  four  children — Harry 
D.,  Mary,  William  R.  and  George. 

Eastabrook,  R.,  ins.  and  real  estate  agent. 

EASTMAN,  HEl^RY  W., 
Freight  and  Ticket  Agent  C.  &.  N.  W. 
R.  R.  ;  born  in  Littleton,  N.  H.,  Oct. 
13,  1831;  lived  there  twenty-one  years, 
and  removed  to  Illinois,  to  Elgin,  and 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Galena  & 
Chicago  Union  R.  R.,  now  the  C.  &  N. 
W.  R.  R.  Upon  the  breaking-out  of  the 
war,  he  enlisted  in  the  52d  Regt.  111.  V. 
I.,  Co.  K,  Sept.  1,  1861  ;  he  was  in  the 
battlesof  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Corinth 
and  in  the  siege  of  Atlanta,  and  in  many 
fights  and  skirmishes  ;  after  the  war,  he 
returned  to  the  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  again. 
He  held  office  of  Postmaster  at  Clinton- 
ville  during  all  of  Buchanan's  and  part 
of  Pierce's  administration.  He  came  to 
Iowa  ;  was  at  Cedar  Raj^ids  three  years, 
and  was  also  Agent  at  Tama  City  four 
years,  and  came  here  December,  1876. 
He  has  been  connected  with  the  C.  & 
N.  W.  R.  R.  since  1853 — for  twenty- 
five  years,  except  while  he  was  in  the 
arnjy  ;  one  of  the  oldest  officers  on   the 


road.  He  married  Miss  H.  M.  Gui)till, 
from  Kecseville,  N.  Y.,  in  April,  1856. 

Edwards.  Albert,  tinner. 

Edwards,  J.  S.,  agent  Ilayworth  Fence  Co. 

Ehle,  Mark,  firm  B.  T.  Frederick  Co., 
Foundry. 

Eich,  Christopher,  mason. 

Eich,  Chris.,  Jr.,  lal)orer. 

Elliott,  O.  F..  farmer. 

ELLIS,  F.  IL,  architect ;  born  in 
Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  18,  1837; 
learned  the  business  and  trade  of  archi- 
tect and  builder ;  removed  to  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  lived  there  eleven  years ;  then 
came  to  Chicago  and  was  there  five  years ; 
was  architect  and  superintendent  of  many 
fine  buildings  there  ;  came  to  Marshall - 
town  in  1876,  and  since  then  has  taken 
a  leading  position  in  his  business,  which 
extends  over  this  part  of  the  State. 
Married  Miss  Martha  J.  Davis,  from 
the  State  of  New  York,  in  1862. 

Englehart,  Andrew,  retired. 

Englehart,  A.,  laborer. 

Engstrom,  J.  A.,  clerk. 

Entriken,  J.  E.,  farmer. 

Evans,  S.  W.,  farmer. 

XpERLL,  M.  B. 

Ferguson,  G.  W.,  farmer,  Sec.  25. 

FISHER,  WILLIAM,  Chief  En- 
gineer of  Marshalltown  Water  Works ; 
born  in  England  Sept.  2,  1838,  and 
came  to  America  when  10  years  of  age ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1852 ;  commenced 
learning  engineering  and  was  in  machine 
shops  ten  years  ;  was  in  the  army.  En- 
listed in  Co.  A,  1st  Iowa  V.  I.;  w;\s  in 
the  battle  of  Wilson  Creek ;  saw  Gen. 
Lyon  when  he  was  killed.  He  assisted 
in  building  the  water  works,  and  run 
them  f  jr  a  while.  He  built  water  works 
at  Anamosa  in  1875,  and  in  Muscatine 
in  1876  ;  was  employed  to  take  charge 
of  the  works  here  Sept.  5,  1876.  Mar- 
ried Martha  Loucks,  from  New  York, 
Sept.  15,  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  1840  ; 
they  have  two  children — Lizzie  J.  and 
Lillie  May. 

Fleming,  Peter,  merchant  tailor. 

Fletcher,  T.  J.,ca.shier  1st  National  Bank. 

Force,  Isaac,  furniture. 

Ford,  Calvin. 

Ford,  F.  L.,  carpenter. 

FORNEY,  HENRY,  retired;  bom 
in  Franklin  Co.,  Pa.,  May  6,  1820,  and 


556 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


lived  there  twenty-two  years,  and  learned 
the  wagon  making  business  ;  he  removed 
to  Ohio  and  to  Michigan,  and  then  to 
La  Porto,  Ind.,  and  lived  there  until 
coming  to  Iowa,  and  arrived  in  Mar- 
shalltown  May  6,  1856  ;  he  engaged  in 
carpenter  work  and  building  and  dealing 
in  land ;  he  is  one  of  the  early  settlers, 
having  lived  here  over  twenty-two  years. 
He  married  Mrs.  E.  A.  Brown,  formerly 
Miss  E.  A.  Williams,  from  Seneca  Co., 
Ohio,  Aug.  18,  lb59  ;  they  have  five 
children — Calvin  H.,  Russell,  Edith  R., 
Maurice  and  Lee.  Mrs.  Forney  has  one 
son — Arthur,  by  her  first  husband. 

Forney,  Jerr}',  grocer. 

Frazier,  James,  mason. 

FREDERICK,  B.  T.,  firm  of  B. 
T.  Frederick  k  Co.,  proprietors  of  the 
Marshall  Iron,  Brass  and  Stove  Foun- 
dry and  Machine  Shops ;  born  in  Fred- 
ericktown,  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct. 
5,  1834;  he  lived  in  Ohio  and  Pennsyl- 
vania eighteen  years ;  came  to  this  town 
in  1855,  and  engaged  in  selling  dry 
goods,  in  the  Winter  of  1855-56  ;  has 
ridden  over  the  prairie  all  day  when  the 
thermometer  was  33°  below  zero;  in 
1857,  went  to  California,  and  returned 
in  1859  ;  lived  in  Mahaska  County  four 
years;  in  1864,  he  bought  one-half 
interest  in  his  present  business,  in  which 
he  has  built  vip  a  large  and  extensive 
trade  in  this  State,  Minnesota  and  Da- 
kota ;  he  is  Director  in  the  First  National 
Bank.  Married  Miss  W.  T.  Putnam, 
from  Ohio,  April  24,  1860  ;  they  have 
three  children — Bethsheba  L.,  Mary  E. 
and  Maggie  Belle ;  they  lost  two  little 
girls — Addie  F.  and  Gem. 

FRENCH,  ALFRED  X.,  Auditor 
Marshall  County ;  born  in  Charleston, 
Portage  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  18,  1838; 
lived  in  Ohio  until  17  yeai's  of  age;  he 
lived  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1859.  Was  in  the 
army ;  enlisted  in  the  19th  Regiment 
Ohio  Infantry,  Company  D  ;  was  in  the 
battle  of  Rich  Mountain.  After  leaving 
the  army,  came  to  this  county,  and 
engaged  in  building.  He  was  appointed 
Deputy  County  Auditor  in  Sejttember, 
1871  ;  he  was  appointed  Auditor  of  this 
county  in  the  Fall  of  1873,  and  was 
elected  Auditor  in  1875,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1877.     Married  Miss  Sarah 


J.  Howell,  from  Ohio,  July  12,  1863 ; 

they  have  four  children — Fred  B.,  Elsie, 

Mabel  and  Ray  ;  lost  one  son. 
Frisbie,    J.    H.    H.,  City    Treasurer   and 

Deputy  Count}'  Treasurer. 
Friedland,  John,  laborer. 
Fuller,  D.,  traveling  agent. 
/^  AFNY,  JOHN,  fruit  wagon. 

Gannon,  Thomas,  saloon. 

Gebhart,  Isaac,  physician. 

Gifford,  C. 

GII.CHRIST,  J.  M.,  of  the  firm  of 
of  B.  F.  Frederick  &  Co. ;  born  in  Sar- 
atoga Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  15,  1836  ;  after 
his  father's  death,  he  had  charge  of  the 
farm,  until  22  years  of  age;  then  went 
to  Wisconsin  and  taught  school,  and 
was  engaged  in  engineer  corps  in  Min- 
nesota ;  went  to  Chicago  and  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  grocery  trade  for  some 
years,  and  afterward  became  member  of 
the  firm  of  McKindly,  Gilchrist  &  Co. ; 
came  to  this  city  in  1874,  and  associ- 
ated with  Mr.  Frederick  in  his  present 
business.  He  is  Secretary  of  the  North- 
western Iron  Fence  Co.  Married  Miss 
Ida  S.  White,  from  New  York,  Jan.  19, 
1876  ;  they  have  one  daughter — Jennie 
Gilchrist. 

Gillespie,  N.,  farmer. 

GII.MAN,  CHARL.es  C,  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Central  R.  R.  of  Iowa  ; 
was  born  in  Chelsea,  Mass.,  July  28, 
1848  ;  he  received  his  education  there  ; 
entered  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology,  at  Boston,  and  is  a  grad- 
uate from  that  institution  ;  he  came  to 
Iowa  in  1868,  and  for  the  past  seven 
years  has  held  the  position  of  Chief  En- 
gineer of  the  Central  R.  R.  of  Iowa. 
He  married  Miss  Lorette  Eastman, 
daughter  of  Gov.  Eastman,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1872  ;  they  have  two  children — 
Carrie  and  Walter. 

Ginder,  G.  W.,  grocer. 

Ci^lNGRICH,  E.,  miller,  Woodbury 
Mills  ;  born  in  Pennsylvania  Oct.  24, 
1825;  lived  in  Pennsylvania  twenty- ontt 
years,  then  went  to  Ohio,  and  came  to 
Iowa  in  1856,  and  came  to  Marshall  Co. 
in  1859  ;  has  lived  here  nineteen  years, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and 
the  milling  business.  Married  Mary 
Matthews,  from  Maryland,  in  1S48; 
they    have   five   children — Ann    Eliza, 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


55T 


Rhoda  A.,  Alice  S.,  Emma  B.  and 
Ulysses  G. 

OlilCK,  GEORGE,  President  of 
the  First  National  Bank  ;  born  in  Ger- 
many March  18,  1827  ;  came  to  Amer- 
ica, located  in  Mansfield,  Ohio,  and 
lived  there  until  1849  ;  removed  to  In- 
diana, and  in  the  Spring  of  1850,  went 
across  the  plains  to  California ;  was  there 
five  years,  and  returned  to  Ohio  in  1855, 
and  came  to  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  in 
1856;  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  and 
grocery  trade  with  Mr.  Ri<e,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  town  ;  in  1858,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  drug  business,  and  con- 
tinued until  1870,  when  he  engaged  in 
the  banking  business  ;  has  been  Director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  since 
it  was  oroanized  in  1864,  and  has 
been  President  for  the  past  five  years. 
Has  held  the  office  of  Postmaster  and 
town  offices.  Married  Miss  Jane  Ziegen- 
felder,  from  Pickaway,  Ohio,  Novem- 
ber 1,  1855;  they  have  five  chil- 
dren— Charles,  Alice,  Albert  G.,  Frank 
and  Fred. 

Goff,  S.  D.,  carriage  trimmer. 

Goodrich,  William,  farmer. 

Goss,  George,  sexton. 

Gourley,  Jas.,  farmer.  Timber  Creek. 

Gowland,  Frank,  carpenter. 

Greene,  Merritt,  agent  Plow  Works. 

Gregory,  Thaddeus,  R.  R.  conductor. 

Griffith,  H.,  retired. 

GRIXXEEL,  JOHN,  farmer  and 
gardener;  born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  8,  1815  ;  he  lived  in  New  York 
State  and  Massachusetts  until  1836  ;  in 
1837,  he  came  to  Chicago,  when  it  was 
in  its  infancy  ;  then  he  came  to  Lyons, 
Iowa  ;  he  made  a  claim  on  each  side  of 
the  river ;  Clinton  was  called  New  York 
then  ;  only  three  shanties  there  ;  in  the 
Fall  of  1859,  he  went  to  Detroit,  and 
was  in  the  shoe  and  leather  business 
there  ten  years  ;  in  1869,  he  came  West 
again,  and  has  been  engaged  in  contract- 
ing on  railroads  and  farming  ;  he  came 
here  in  1877,  and  engaged  in  farming 
and  gardening.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  also  is 
Vice  President  of  the  State  Agricultural 
Society,  and  has  held  town  and  school 
offices.  He  married  Caroline  Hulbert, 
from  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  in  1842;  she 
died  in  Jan.  1872  ;  they  have  one  son 


— John  T.;   lost  one  son — George,  and 
one  daughter — Mary. 

Griswold,  F.  H.,  shoemaker. 

Groff,  F.  M.,  packs  butter  and  eggs. 

GRUMME,  ERED,  firm  of  Grum- 
me  Bros.,  dealers  in  leather  and  saddlery 
hardware  ;  born  in  Germany  Oct.  19. 
1839;  came  to  America  in  1855  ;  came 
to  Galena,  111.,  and  learned  his  business 
of  his  brother  there  ;  after  living  in 
Kansas  and  Nebraska,  came  to  Marshall- 
town  in  1860  ;  worked  for  E.  A.  Collin.s 
here ;  then  engaged  in  business,  firm  of 
Murphy  &  Grumme  ;  afterward,  Wil- 
lard  &  Grumme  ;  in  1869,  he  and  his 
brother  William  engaged  in  the  business 
together.  He  married  Mary  Lind.strum. 
from  Sweden,  in  1866. 

Gustafson,  Fred,  laborer. 
"AYLE,  E.  R.,  former. 


H 


Haines,  J.  R.,  shoemaker. 

Hall,  Arthur,  carpenter. 

Hall,  A.  T.,  far.,  S.  30. 

Hall,  James,  butter  and  eggs. 

Halsted,  G.  W.,  laborer. 

HAMBEE,  JAMES  W.,  retired 
farmer  ;  born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio, 
Nov.  17.  1820  ;  he  lived  there  twenty- 
five  years,  and  moved  to  Michigan  : 
he  came  to  Iowa  with  his  own  team, 
and  reached  Iowa  City  Jan.  1,  1856, 
the  day  the  railroad  first  reached  there  ; 
he  came  to  this  county  in  1856,  and  lo- 
cated here  in  Mai'shalltown,  and  engaged 
in  the  grocery  trade ;  continued  in  bu>i- 
ness  for  fourteen  years,  and  used  to  haul 
his  goods  from  Iowa  City  here  for  nine 
years ;  he  owns  one  farm  of  330  acres, 
and  one  of  sixty  acres.  Mari'ied  Miss 
Lucelia  Cole,  from  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
July  1,  1858  ;  they  have  three  children 
— Ella,  Cora  and  Bessie,  and  have  lost 
one  son — Harry. 

H ANNA,  T.  B.,  retired  ;  born  in  Co- 
lumbiana Co.,  Ohio,  May  22,  1818;  he 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 

/  at  New  Lisbon  for  some  years,  and  in 
in  1850,  he  went  to  Lake  Superior,  and 
was  in  the  trade  there  for  three  years, 
when  he  returned  to  New  Lisbon,  Ohio, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness there  until  1865,  when  he  came  to 
Iowa,  to  Marshalltown  bought  a  farm 
and  engaged  in  stock  business  for  a  few 
years  ;  he  removed  here  in  the  city,  but 


558 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


still  owns  the  undivided  half  of  a  farm 
of  -iOO  acres.  He  has  held  town  and 
school  offices.  Married  Sophia  T.  Tabor, 
from  Vermont,  March  2,  18-1:2  ;  they 
have  two  children — Mrs.  Nettie  Adams, 
Cedar  Rapids,  and  Mary,  at  home  ;  they 
have  lost  one  daughter — Lovina,  and 
two  sons — Oscar  and  William. 

Hanson,  Charles  A.,  laborer. 

Hanson,  Charles,  laborer. 

Hanson,  Nels  P.,  blacksmith. 

Haradon,  A.  F.,  attorney. 

Hardy,  T.  H.,  harness  and  saddles. 

Hargrave,  R.  W.,  attorney. 

Harrington,  L.  P. 

Harris,  B.,  foundryman.   y 

Harris,  C.  W.,  employ  Central  R.  R. 

Hartman,  G.  A.,  Street  Commissioner. 

HARTWEL.L,  H.  D.,  former  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  34 ;  born  in  Canada 
Aug.  11,  1813;  at  a  very  early  age,  his 
parents  removed  to  Huron  Co.,  Ohio, 
where  he  lived  until  the  Fall  of  1854, 
when  he  came  to  Iowa,  and  located  in 
this  county  upon  the  same  farm  where 
he  now  resides.  He  has  been  married 
twice ;  his  first  wife  was  Miss  Sarah 
Rogers ;  they  were  married  February 
26,^1837,  and  she  died  Oct.  31,  1841  ; 
his  present  wife  was  Miss  Elizabeth 
Rogers;  they  were  married  in  Erie  Co., 
Ohio,  Dec.  25,  1843 ;  she  was  born  Oct. 
23,  1825  ;  the  names  of  the  children 
are  Sarah  E.,  born  July  16,  1838; 
Henry  E.,  May  21,  1840,  he  died  Nov. 
8,  1861;  Horace  R.,  Sept.  19,  1844, 
died  Jan.  11,  1871  ;  Louisa  M.,  March 
23,  1847,  died  Aug.  3,  1850;  Calvin, 
Dec.  17,  1849;  Mary  E.,  March  24, 
1852;  Melvina,  Oct.  25,  1854;  John 
L.,  April  2,  1857;  Martha  E.,  Nov.  2, 
1859,  and  died  May  14,  1862.  Henry 
E.  enlisted  in  the  8th  Regiment  Iowa 
V.  I.,  and  died  in  the  service  at  Spring- 
field, Mo.  Mr.  Hartwell  is  one  of  the 
old  settlers  here  ;  he  owns  a  farm  of  300 
acres,  and  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
has  held  various  offices  of  trust  in  this 
town  and  county. 

Hartwell,  O.  E.,  teamster. 

HAiSKELL,  JAMES  S.,  livery 
stable;  bi)rn  in  Rome,  New  York,  Feb. 
13,  1848  ;  lived  in  that  State  twcnty-one 
years,  and  came  to  Boone,  Iowa,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  livery  business  there 
eight  years,  and  in  buying  and  selling 


horses  ;  came  to  Marshalltown  in  Spring 
of  1877.  Married  Miss  Delia  C.  Waldo, 
from  Bridgewater,  N.  Y.,  in  September, 
1872.  His  grandfather  was  one  of  t^he 
founders  of  Madison  University,  at 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  his  father  was 
Professor  in  the  same  institution. 

Havens,  John,  laborer. 

Havilaud,  M.  H.,  insurance  agent. 

Hayne,  John,  retired  farmer. 

Haynes,  J.,  shoemaker. 

Headstrum,  John,  teamster. 

Heald,  Chester,  retired. 

HEALD,  EDMUND,  firm  of  Drum 
&  Heald,  dealers  in  groceries  and  pro- 
visions ;  born  in  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind., 
Jan.  28,  1843 ;  he  lived  in  Indiana 
until  13  years  of  age,  and  came  with  his 
parents  in  their  own  wagons  to  Iowa  ; 
they  were  eighteen  days  on  the  way, 
and  arrived  here  in  Marshalltown 
August  17,  1855  ;  they  were  early  set- 
tlers, and  there  was  but  little  here  when 
they  came.  Associated  with  Charles 
Drum  ;  he  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness in  October,  1877.  He  was  in  the 
army;  enlisted  in  the  100-day  service, 
in  the  44th  Regt.  Iowa  V.  I.,  Co.  Gr. 
He  married  Miss  Ladrona  Stone,  from 
Canada,  in  January,  1870  ;  they  have 
two  childrn — Clarence  and  little  boy  not 
named. 

Healon,  Matthew,  on  railroad. 

Healon,  Matthew,  Jr.,  foreman. 

Hearn,  J.  H.,  carpenter. 

HEATH,  J.  D.,  contractor  and 
builder ;  President  Iowa  Building  and 
Manufacturing  Co.  ;  born  in  Lower 
Canada  July  25,  1838 ;  lived  there 
twenty-seven  years,  and  then  came  to 
Iowa  in  1865,  and  since  then  has  been 
engaged  in  contracting  and  building 
here.  Was  in  the  army ;  enlisted  in 
Co.  H,  10th  Wis.  V.  I.  ;  was  in  battles 
of  Perrysville,  Bridgeport,  Stevenson, 
Ala.  ;  was  in  service  two  years.  Mar- 
ried Sarah  A.  Rhem,  from  Canada, 
in  1864  ;  they  have  five  children  —  J. 
Alton,  Lyman  H.,  Ada,  Ida  and  Minnie. 

Heiuhton,  J.  H.,  painter. 

HEMMIXGSEN,  JOHX    P., 

wagon  maker  ;  born  in  Denmark  Feb. 
2,  1841  ;  learned  his  trade  there  and 
came  to  America  in  1866  ;  came  to 
Moline,  111.,  and  came  to  Marshalltown, 
in  1867,  and    engaged  in    his  business. 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


559 


Married  Mary  Rasmussen,  from  Den- 
mark, in  April,  1870  ;  they  have  one 
daughter  ;  born  June,  30,  1871  ;  lost 
one  daughter — Emma,  born  April  15, 
1875,  and  died  Dec.  9,  1877. 

attorney  at  law  :  firm  of  Henderson  & 
Merriam  ;  born  in  Brownsville,  Tenn., 
Dec.  6,  1827  ;  lived  there  until  8  years 
of  age,  and  removed  to  Illinois  in  1836, 
and  lived  there  nine  years ;  and  re- 
moved to  Iowa  City  ;  he  lived  in  John- 
son and  Linn  Counties  three  years ; 
Was  appointed  Clerk  in  the  First  Audit- 
or's Office  of  the  Treasury  Department ; 
while  there,  he  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  August,  1852  ; 
in  1853,  he  entered  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  partnership  with  Hon.  G. 
W.  Pleasant,  now  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court;  in  Sept.,  1856,  he  came  to 
Marshalltown,  and  has  practiced  his  pro- 
fession here  since,  except  two  years 
when  he  was  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Marshall  County  Times,  [n  1863, 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
held  that  office  four  years;  in  1864,  he 
was  Presidential  Elector,  and  cast  one- 
eighth  of  the  vote  of  the  State  for  Lin- 
coln and  Johnson.  He  married  Miss 
lanthe  Fuller,  of  Stark  Co.,  111.,  June  12, 
1850  ;  they  have  six  sons  and  three 
daughters  ;  lost  two  children. 

Henly,  A.,  coal,  lime  and  cement. 

Herbert,  E.  H..  clerk  court  house. 

Herbert,  John,  Saloon. 

HICKOX,  GEORGE  S.,  Sheriff 
of  Marshall  Co.  ;  born  in  Branch  Co., 
Mich.,  Feb.  28,  18-10  ;  lived  there  four- 
teen years,  and  came  to  Iowa  with  his 
parents  in  an  ox  team  ;  they  were  seven 
weeks  and  three  days  on  the  way,  and 
arrived  here  in  this  county  in  Marion 
Township  in  1854;  they  were  among 
the  early  settlers  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. Was  in  the  army  ;  enlisted  in  the 
13th  I.  y.  I.,  Co.  H.  He  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  Marshall  Co.  in  1875,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1877.  Married  Miss 
Fannie  Harris,  from  Pittsburgh,  Penn., 
Aug.  3,  1862 ;  they  have  four  chil- 
children — Hattie,  Herbert  H.,  Alma 
and  Fanny. 

Hitchcock,  David,  railroad  employe. 

HixoD,  0.  F.,  physician. 

Hodgins,  W.  S.,  carpenter,  C.  R.  R. 


Hoeck,  Henry,  grain  buyer. 

Hokason,  John,  laborer. 

Holindale,  Charles,  commission  merchant. 

HOEHES,  JOSEPH,  manufact- 
urer of  vinegar  ;  was  born  in  Columbi- 
ana (^0.,  Ohio,  April  9,  1836,  and  lived 
there  until  17  years  of  age  ;  then  came 
with  his  parents  with  their  own  convey- 
ance to  Marshall  Co.,  and  arrived  here 
Nov.  15,  1853.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  R.  Arnold  July  30,  1862  ;  she 
was  from  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.Y.,  and  is  a 
sister  of  the  Hon.  Delos  Arnold.  Mr. 
I  Holmes  was  engaged  in  mercantile  bus- 
'  iness  in  Marietta,  and  afterward  was 
in  mercantile  business  in  this  city.  Held 
the  office  of  Postmaster  at  Marietta 
under  President  Lincoln's  administra- 
tion ;  has  held  the  office  of  Township 
Treasurer  and  other  town  offices.  Had 
two  children —  Hattie  and  Andrew ; 
Hattie  died  in  infancy,  and  Andrew  was 
10  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

HOEiflES,  EOT,  retired  farmer, 
born  in  Loudon  Co.,  Va.,  in  1806,  and 
lived  in  that  State  until  1833,  and 
came  to  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business ;  in 
1853,  with  his  family,  started  for  Iowa, 
with  two  wagons  and  a  carriage,  and 
was  five  weeks  on  the  way,  and  arrived 
in  Marshall  Co.,  Nov.  15,  1853,  and 
located  in  Marietta  and  engaged  in 
farming,  being  early  settlers.  He  has 
carted  wheat  to  Iowa  City  and  Musca- 
tine, and  has  sold  wheat  at  40  cents  per 
bushel.  He  continued  farming  until 
1864,  and  since  then  has  made  his  home 
in  Marietta  and  in  this  city.  Mr. 
Holmes  has  always  been  prominently  in- 
terested in  the  anti-slavery  cause  and  at 
a  time  when  it  cost  something  to  live  up 
to  his  convictions.  Married  Mrs.  Eliza 
Dixon  Jan.  14,  1841  ;  she  was  born 
May  26,  1816,  and  was  a  daughter  of 
John,  and  granddaughter  of  Joshua 
Dixon,  founders  of  Columbiana  Co., 
Ohio. 

Hollingshiad,  F.  R.,  retired. 

HOET,  E.  E.  B.,  physician ;  born  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  Oct.  Id,  1833,  receiving 
his  education  in  that  State  ;  removed  to 
Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  and  studied  medi- 
cine of  his  father,  and  graduated  at 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1853 ;  practiced  his 
profession  in  Illinois,  and  also  in  Texas. 


560 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Entered  the  army  in  Illinois,  and,  was 
Assistant  Adjutant  General  of  the  34th 
Regiment,  and  also  in  the  140th  Regt. 
111.  V.  I. ;  was  in  the  service  three  years 
and  three  months.  After  his  return 
from  the  army,  came  to  MarshuUtown, 
and  since  then,  has  practiced  his  pro- 
fession here.  Holds  the  ofl&ce  of  Coroner 
of  this  county.  Has  held  the  offices  of 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and  also  Presi- 
dent, of  the  State  Medical  Society.  Is 
now  Adjutant  of  the  1st  Regt.  Iowa 
State  Guards.  Married  Miss  Nettie  M. 
Ballow,  from  New  York,  in  1854  ;  they 
have  one  son — Claude  L. 

Hopkins,  F.,  tailor. 

Harrigan,  Peter,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Howe,  Heman,  retired. 

HOWE,  HENRY  J.,  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  of  the  Le  Grand  Quarry 
Co.  ;  was  born  in  Northfield,  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  2,  1848  ;  he  received 
his  education  at  what  is  now  known  as 
Norwich  University,  and  lived  in  Ver- 
mont until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Iowa, 
and  was  connected  with  the  Clinton  Na- 
tional Bank  ;  he  came  to  Marshalltown 
in  1873.  He  has  the  financial  manage- 
ment of  the  Company  ;  they  also  do  an 
extensive  loan  business.  He  is  Secre- 
tary of  the  Le  Grand  Water  Power  Co., 
and  is  Director  of  the  Marshalltown  & 
Sioux  City  R.  R.  He  married  Miss 
Anna  L.  Belknap,  daughter  of  Lorenzo 
Belknap,  of  Northfield,  Vt.,  May  31, 
1876. 

HOWES,  J.  C,  proprietor  of 
Howe's  Vitapathic  Institute ;  born  in 
Somerset  Co.,  Me.,  July  10,  1840,  and 
received  his  education  in  that  State ; 
prepared  himself  for  a  physician;  he 
came  to  Iowa  in  1863,  and  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1871  ;hepassed  through 
College,  the  Vitapathic  S3'stem,  at  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio  ;  he  established  his  Insti- 
tute here  in  1874,  and  it  is  the  only  one 
in  this  State.  He  belongs  to  the  Re- 
incorporation of  the  Vitapathic  School 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  is  one  of  the 
four  members  of  the  School  Vitapathic 
American  Health  College  ;  one  of  the 
members  promoted  to  the  ministry  of 
the  Religio-Philosophical  3Iedical  Col- 
lege. Married  Sophia  Rickel,  from  El- 
dora,  Iowa,  in  April,  1878. 

Hoyt,  Amasa,  employe  C.  R.  R. 


Hublar,  Isaac,  laborer. 

Hubler,  Jacob,  laborer. 

HrGHES,  JOHN  B.,  retired  farm- 
er; born  in  Bourbon  Co.,  Ky.,  Dec.  16, 
1826,  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  when  4  years  of  age; 
was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  came  alone  on 
horseback  to  Iowa  ;  came  to  Van  Buren 
Co.  in  the  Spring  of  1852,  and  came  to 
Marshall  Co.  in  the  Summer  of  1852  ;  lo- 
cated 200  acres  of  land  with  land  warrant, 
he  bought  at  90c.  per  acre  ;  he  then  went 
to  Van  Buren  Co.  after  his  wife,  and 
moved  in  a  log  house  with  two  other 
families ;  three  families  lived  in  one 
room,  which  they  used  for  a  parlor,  bed- 
room and  kitchen,  and  they  always  had 
room  for  their  friends  ;  they  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  there  ;  the  first  crop 
of  wheat  he  raised  he  took  to  Oskaloosa, 
65  miles,  to  mill.  Mr.  Hughes  has  lived 
here  over  twenty -five  years,  and  has  cul- 
tivated the  soil  over  twenty-five  years, 
and  has  never  had  the  failure  of  a  crop, 
but  he  has  had  enough  for  feed  and 
seed ;  when  he  came,  he  only  had  6200 
and  a  team,  and  now,  by  industry  and 
good  management,  he  owns  over  1,000 
acres  of  land.  He  has  held  the  offices 
of  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  County  Sui'- 
veyor  and  other  town  and  school  offices. 
Married  Martha  J.  Reed,  from  Guernsey 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  December,  1851  ;  they  have 
six  children — Walter  S.  is  in  the  navy^ 
graduated  June  21,  1875  ;  Mrs.  Lizzie 
Burnside,  Mrs.  Laura  Smith,  John, 
Charles  and  Adella. 

Hull,  Samuel,  carpenter. 

"TNGLEDUE,  J.  L.,  farmer,  S.  28. 

TACKSON,  HANS,  laborer. 

Janney,  A.,  clerk. 

JARYIS,  BENJAMIN,  photo 
graph  artist ;  born  in  England  Oct.  1, 
1835;  came  to  America  about  Jan.  1, 
1855  ;  he  lived  in  Germantown,  Phila- 
delphia, and  came  to  Iowa  in  1857,  and 
was  engaged  in  building.  He  was  in 
the  army  ;  enlisted  in  the  5th  I.  V.  I., 
Co.  D,  under  Capt.  Rice ;  he  was  in  the 
battles  of  luka,  Champion  Hills,  in  the 
siege  of  Vicksburg  and  taking  of  Jack- 
son ;  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Cham- 
pion Hills.  He  has  been  engaged  in  his 
present  business  four  years  and  a  half. 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  L^^N  TOWNSHIP. 


Ot)l 


He  married  Miss  Ida  L.  Bishop,  from 
Illinois,  in  1864 ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren— Lucius  E.,  Blanche  A.  and  Grace 
B. 

Johnson,  Christ,  laborer. 

Johnson,  Charles,  laborer. 

Johnson,  George,  laborer. 

Johnson,  Hans,  laborer. 

Johnson,  Isaac,  far..  Sec.  30. 

Johnson,  J.  P.,  painter. 

Johnson,  John,  painter. 

Johnson,  John  B.,  painter. 

Johnson,  Lewis,  clerk. 

Johnson,  Nels,  tailor. 

Johnson,  Simon,  laborer. 

Johnson,  William,  blacksmith. 

Johnston,  J.  H.,  laborer. 

JOHXSTO^,  JOSEPH  H.,  firm 
of  Ketchum  &  Johnston,  dealers  in  agri- 
cultural implements  and  farm  machinery ; 
born  in  Warren  Co.,  N.  J.,  Oct  16, 
1839  ;  when  13  years  of  age,  removed 
to  Rock  Island  Co.,  111.;  was  in  the 
army.  Enlisted  in  Co.  G,  126th  111.  V. 
I.;  was  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  tak- 
ing of  Little  Rock,  and  on  the  White 
Rivet  Expedition  after  Price;  in  the  serv- 
ice three  years  and  never  got  a  scratch. 
Came  to  Iowa  in  1865  ;  engaged  in  the 
grocery  business,  and  was  burned  out ; 
he  engaged  in  the  agricultural  implement 
business,  and  afterward  became  associ- 
ated with  Mr.  Ketchum,  his  present 
partner.  Was  Foreman  of  the  Alert 
Hose  Co.  until  the  water  works  were  built. 
Married  Miss  Libbie  C.  Gilbert,  from 
Princeton,  111.,  Oct.  31,  1865. 

Johnston,  L.  F.,  Court  House. 

JOHXJ^TON,  THEO.,  Assistant 
Postmaster  ;  born  in  Cumberland  Co., 
Penn.,  Sept.  1,  1844  ;  when  10  years  of 
age,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  ; 
in  1854,  lived  in  Iowa  City  one  year, 
and  came  to  Marshalltown  in  1855  ;  is 
one  of  the  early  settlers  ;  only  few  peo- 
ple and  few  houses  here  then.  He  was 
"  appointed  Assistant  Postmaster  in  1 864  ; 
since  then,  with  the  exception  of  six 
months  during  Andrew  Johnson's  ad- 
ministration, he  has  held  that  position. 
He  married  Miss  Martha  Jones,  from 
Ohio,  Oct.  14,  1871  ;  they  have  one 
daughter — rMay. 

Jondro,  Francis,  carpenter. 

JOXKS,  E.  K.,  Clerk  of  Courts  of 
Marshall  County ;  born  in  Summit  Co., 


Ohio,  Oct.  29,  1837,  lived  in  Ohio  nine 
years,  then  removed  to  the  State  of 
Wisconsin,  and  lived  there  four  years, 
then  went  to  Boston  and  attended  school 
for  three  years,  and  afterward  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  for  seven  years ; 
came  to  Wisconsin  and  lived  there  four 
years,  and  came  to  Marshall  County  in 
1865 ;  engaged  in  farming  for  eight 
years.  Was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Courts 
in  1873  and  was  re-elected  in  1874,  and 
again  re-elected  in  1876;  he  has  held 
town  and  school  offices.  Married  Miss 
Louise  Bear,  from  Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  in 
January,  1864  ;  they  have  three  children 
— Anna  M.,  Theresa  P.  and  Edwin 
Lawrence. 

Jones,  H.  C,  baggageman  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

Jones,  J.  D.  real  estate. 

Jones,  Job,  mason. 

Jones,  Samuel,  tailor. 

Jordon,  Michael,  blacksmith, 

rZ"ATELL,  DANIEL,  laborer. 

KArFlIANlV,  F.  S.,  merchant; 
dealer  in  hats,  caps  and  gents'  furnishing 
goods,  121  West  Main  street;  born  in 
Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  in  1845,  and  at  an 
early  age  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Sterling,  Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  and  lived 
there  twenty-five  years  and  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1874,  and  since  then 
he  has  been  en-: aged  in  business  here. 
Married  Miss  Fianna  Burkholder,  from 
Sterling,  Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  they  have 
one  son — Branch  L. 

Kavanaugh,  M.  L.,  employe  R.  R. 

KeiiF,  ^lichael,  employe  Central  R.  R. 

KEI3I,  P.  K.,  Agent  American  and 
U.  S.  Express  Companies ;  born  in 
Reading,  Pa.,  May  23,  1850;  lived  in 
Pennsylvania  until  5  years  of  age,  and 
came  to  Iowa,  then  returned  to  Reading, 
Pa.,  until  1861,  when  he  again  came  to 
Iowa,  and  lived  in  Cedar  Rapids  and 
Clinton ;  was  express  messenger  on  the 
C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. ;  in  1877,  he  was 
appointed  to  his  present  position.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Lilly  Seymour,  from  Fairfield, 
Ohio,  Sept.  19,  1876. 

Keinsing,  Augustus,  teamster. 

Keltz,  Peter,  laborer. 

Kemjiline,  C.  M.,  foreman  Oil  Mill. 

Kennedy,  James,  Jr.,  grocer. 

KETCH LM,  X.  S.,  firm  of  Ketchum 
&  Johnston,  dealers  in  agricultural  im- 


562 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


plements  and  farming  machinery  ;  born 
in  Warren  Co.,  N.  J.,  June  25,  1839; 
when  13  years  of  age,  removed  to  Rock 
Island  Co.,  III.;  arrived  there  June  19, 
1852;  they  came  by  wagon;  he  came 
to  Marshalltown  in  Jan.,  1862;  he  en- 
gaged in  the  agricultural  implement  bus- 
iness ;  was  associated  with  E.  Gr.  Sleight ; 
afterward,  Mr.  Johnston,  his  present 
partner,  became  associated  with  him. 
He  is  the  oldest  man  in  the  business  in 
this  county,  and  they  do  a  very  large 
and  extensive  business.  Married  Miss 
Helen  Peoples,  from  Scott  Co.,  Iowa, 
Oct.  10,  1860;  they  have  two  children 
— Edwin  S.  and  Helen. 

Kierulif,  B.  F.,  surgeon. 

KierulflF,  I.  N.,  attorney. 

Kilbourn,  L.  S.,  insurance  and  real  estate. 

Kime,  George,  W.,  rendering. 

Kimes,  J.  C,  blacksmith. 

Knepper,  Germanus,  dentist. 

KBf EPPER,  GERMANUS,  sur 

geon  dentist;  born  in  Somer.-^et  Co., 
Penn.,  July  30,  1838;  when  7  years  of 
age,  removed  to  Maryland,  and  then  to 
Virginia  ;  came  to  Dixon,  111.,  in  1860, 
and  studied  dentistry ;  he  came  to  Mar- 
shalltown in  1866,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  is  the 
oldest  dentist  in  his  practice  here.  He 
was  in  the  army  ;  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  69th 
111.  V.  I.,  three-months  service;  then 
went  in  Battery  F,  light  artillery ;  was 
in  the  battles  of  Resaca,  Dallas  and  in 
front  of  Atlanta,  Sept.  22  and  28,  and 
at  Lovejoy  and  other  places;  was 
wounded  at  New  Hope  Church,  Georgia. 
Married  Miss  Jennie  E.  Hamaker,  from 
Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  in  Oct.,  1872 ; 
they  have  one  daughter — Jessie. 
KREUTZER,  PETER,  firm  of 
Kreutzer  cV  Wassem,  furniture  manu- 
facturers ;  born  in  Germany  Aug.  31, 
1835,  and  learned  his  trade  there  ;  came 
to  America  in  1852,  and  lived  in  New 
York  City  for  three  years  ;  then  returned 
to  Germany ;  came  again  to  this  country 
in  1856;  came  to  Iowa  the  same  year, 
and  arrived  here  in  Marshalltown  the 
day  James  Buchanan  was  elected  Presi- 
dent ;  there  were  only  seventeen  houses 
here  at  that  time ;  he  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers ;  worked  at  the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  and  afterward  engaged  in  the 
furniture  business.      He  only  had  SI 80 


when  he  came,  and  now  they  do  a  large 
business,  employing  twenty-six  men  and 
ship  their  goods  through  this  State  and 
M innesota.  Married  Margaret  Wassem , 
from  Germany,  in  Marshalltown,  in 
Aug.,  1858 ;  they  have  eight  children 
— Charlie,  Mary,  Emma,  Carrie,  Nellie, 
Freddie,  Bertha  and  Bessie ;  lost  one 
daughter — Katie. 

Kroger,  George,  abstract  maker. 

Kunkle,  E.,  engineer. 

T    ACEY,  S.,  grocer. 

LAHYll,  JAMES,  retired  farmer; 
born  in  Jeiferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  14, 
1822 ;  lived  in  York  State  for  twenty- 
two  years,  then  removed  to  Michigan, 
and  engaged  in  farming.  He  married 
Miss  Amanda  L.  Hickox  Dec.  27, 
1847  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  and  raised 
in  Michigan  ;  in  1852,  they  started  for 
Iowa ;  his  neighbor  had  a  team  and  he 
had  a  wagon,  and  so  they  started,  driv- 
ing cattle,  and  was  three  weeks  and  three 
days  on  the  way,  and  arrived  in  this 
county  July  3,  1852,  and  they  only  had 
$2  in  money  left ;  located  in  Marion  Tp. ; 
they  moved  into  a  cabin  without  any 
roof,  floor,  door  or  window  ;  they  were 
among  the  earliest  settlers  there  ;  he 
made  a  claim  of  240  acres ;  they  only 
had  200  pounds  of  flour  the  first  year 
they  came,  but  had  venison  and  corn 
meal ;  his  wife  cooked  outdoors  entirely 
until  October,  the  first  year,  and  afterward 
taught  a  little  school.  He  split  5,000 
rails  and  1,000  stakes,  and  carted  them, 
for  a  yoke  of  steers ;  he  used  to  cart 
grain  to  Iowa  City,  and  has  sold  wheat 
at  forty-five  cents  per  bushel ;  he  still 
owns  a  farm  of  105  acres.  They  have 
three  children — Stephen,  Edward  and 
Mrs.  Ella  Watt ;  they  lost  one  daughter 
— Hansi. 

Lander,  Charles  J.,  druiru'ist. 

LANG,  JAMES,  DR.,  physician; 
bora  in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  July  15, 
1831  ;  received  his  education  there,  and 
studied  medicine  ;  attended  lectures  in 
Vermont  and  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  in  1854  ;  practiced 
medicine  in  Vermont  until  1864,  then 
came  lo  Marshalltown,  and  has  practiced 
his  profession  here  for  fourteen  years. 
Holds  the  office  of  Examining  Surtteon 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


363 


for  Pensions,  and  has  been  President  of 
Marshall  Co.  jNIedical  Association.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Lizzie  B.  Bovee,  from  Peach- 
am,  Vt.,  in  1855  ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren, one  of  them  adopted — Carrie  J., 
Fred  S.  and  J.  Elton  ;  they  have  lost 
four  children. 

Larson,  John,  laboi'er. 

Larson,  John,  janitor  public  school. 

Larson,  Nels,  teamster. 

LaugliHn,  Francis,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Lawler,  W.  T.,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Lawrence,  M.  D.,  carriage  maker. 

Leach,  J.  A.,  house  movtr. 

Lee,  Elias,  merchant. 

Lee,  Frank  C,  laborer. 

Lee,  J.  D.,  carpenter. 

Lee,  James  H.,  carpenter. 

LEMERT,  E.  L,  attorney,  firm  of 
Sears  &  Lemert ;  born  in  Licking  Co., 
Ohio,  Sept.  22,  1845,  and  received  his 
education  at  Hiram  College,  Portage 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  attended  the  law  department 
of  Michigan  University,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  here  in  1876;  since 
then,  he  has  practiced  his  profession 
here.  He  was  in  the  army ;  enlisted  in 
the  42d  Ohio  V.  I.,  Co.  A,  under  Gen. 
Garfield  ;  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Champion  Hills,  and  taken  prisoner  ;  he 
was  in  eleven  battles.  Married  Miss 
Ellen  Van  Voorhis,  from  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1870  ;  they  have  three  children 
— Beverly,  Paul  and  Townsend. 

LETTS,  FRANK  C,  firm  of  Jor- 
dan &  Letts,  dealer  in  dry  goods,  car- 
pets, boots  and  shoes  ;  born  in  Magnolia, 
Putnam  Co.,  111.,  April  28, 1855  ;  when 
5  years  of  age,  he  removed  to  Musca- 
tine, Iowa  ;  he  received  his  education  in 
Illinois,  and  in  Dayton,  Ohio ;  after 
leaving  school,  he  entered  a  store  at  Af- 
ton,  and  then  went  to  Chicago,  and  was 
with  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  and  was  after- 
ward with  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.; in  Aug., 
1877,  he  associated  himself  with  Mr. 
Jordan,  of  Ottumwa,  and  engaged  in 
their  present  business  in  this  city ; 
Mr.  Lett,  is  having  the  management  of 
the  business  here. 

Lindsay,  A.  M.,  mason. 

Lindsay,  R.  C.,  mason. 

Lindstett,  John,  mason. 

Lingren,  Peter,  laborer. 

Long,  J.  S.,  carpenter. 

Long,  William,  carpenter. 


Loree,  A.  M.,  hardware. 

Loveland,  S.  L.,  .soa]>  niaiuifi^cturers. 

LUCAS,  XATHAXIEL,  retired; 
loans  money  ;  born  in  Bennington  Co., 
Vt.,  near  the  old  battle  ground,  March 
25,  1799  ;  when  Id  years  of  age,  he  re- 
moved to  the  northern  part  of  the  State 
of  New  York ;  at  that  time  it  was  a  very 
wild  part  of  the  country»;  after  living 
there  five  years,  he  returned  to  Vermont 
and  learned  the  trade  of  wagon  maker, 
and  worked  at  his  trade  thirteen  years ; 
in  1821,  he  went  to  New  York  State 
again,  and  engaged  in  the  wagon -making 
business  ;  in  184U,  he  moved  to  Erie 
Co.,  New  York  ;  he  moved  to  Marshall- 
town  in  1869,  and  since  then  has  been 
engaged  in  loaning  money  here ;  when 
he  commenced  in  life,  he  had  nothing, 
and  only  got  $30  a  year,  and  only  went 
to  school  a  very  short  time,  and  after- 
ward supported  his  father  and  mother, 
refusing  aid  and  help  when  oiFered  to 
him  by  his  uncle.  He  was  married 
twice.  He  married  Miss  Sarah  Watson 
at  Easton,  Washington  Co.,  Sept.  24, 
1822;  she  died  April  28,  1873.  He 
married  Sarah  R.  Speers,  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  7,  1875.  Mr.  Lucas' 
father  lost  all  his  property  in  the  revo- 
lutionary war  ;    he  was  a  minute    man. 

Lundstrum,  Gus.,  laborer. 

Lundstrum,  J.  P.,  mason. 

Lynch,  E.  B.,  nisht  watchman,  C  R.  R 

MC  CLURE^  C.  W.,  employe  of  Cen- 
tral R.  R. 

McBRIDE,  W.  S.,  DR.,  of  the 
firm  of  McBride  &  Will,  druggists; 
born  in  Richland  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  12, 
1822  ;  he  lived  in  Ohio  till  14  years  old, 
and  then  removed  to  Indiana;  he 
studied  medicine  and  graduated  at  the 
Indiana  Medical  College ;  commenced 
practicing  medicine  in  1847  ;  came  to 
Iowa,  in  1853,  and  located  at  Mt. 
Vernon,  Linn  County  ;  also  prac- 
ticed his  profession  in  Jefferson, 
'^  Greene  Co.,  and  was  the  only  physician 
in  that  county  during  the  war ;  came  to 
Marsballtown  in  1870,  and  associated 
with  his  present  partner,  George  Will. 
Married  Miss  Mary  Chambcrlin  from 
Allentown,  N.  J.,  in  1847  ;  they  have 
three  daughters — Ella,  Clara  and  Maria  ; 
have  lost  three  children. 

McCoUum,  J.  W. 


564 


DIRECTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


McCOMBS,  JAMES,  of  the  firm 
of  McCombs  &  Stone,  livery,  sale  and 
boarding  stable;  born  in  Belmont  Co., 
Ohio,  Feb.  14,  1836;  lived  in  Ohio 
until  1862,  when  he  came  to  Iowa  to 
Marshall  Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming 
four  years ;  came  here  in  the  city  in 
1866  ;  has  been  engaged  in  the  livery 
business  since  1870.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  Sharp,  from  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio, 
April  5,  1858  ;  they  have  four  children 
—William  Sharp,  Sallie  M.,  Charles  J. 
and  Harry  F.,  and  have  lost  one  son 
and  one  daughter. 

McCord,  G.  B.,  clerk. 

McElroy,  T.  D.,  traveling  agent. 

McGowan,  Charles,  foreman  R.  R. 

McGowan,  James,  employe  R.  R. 

McGuire,  John,  laborer. 

McKnitt,  A.  H.,  selling  notions. 

McKnight,  D.,  laborer. 

McLarman,  0.  H.,  teamster. 

McKnight,  Martin,  employe  R.  R. 

McLeran,  S.  R. 

McManus,  Samuel,  employe  Central  R.  R. 

McMillen,  E.  C,  Warden  Iowa  State 
Prison. 

McMillan.  Enos,  farmer,  Sec.  33. 

Marcey,  S.,  plasterer. 

Males,  Samuel,  herding  cattle. 

Mallory,  Ward,  boarding  house. 

MAXI.Y,  JOHX  C,  General 
Freight  Agent  of  the  Central  R.  R.  of 
Iowa  ;  born  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  May 
15,  1846;  he  removed  to  Buffalo,  and 
then  to  Chicago  at  an  early  age  ;  he  went 
to  California  across  the  plains,  and  was 
five  months  and  ten  days  on  the  way  ; 
he  was  telegraph  operator  ;  he  went  to 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona ;  after  his  re- 
turn he  was  with  the  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 
at  Clinton  ;  was  night  Train  Dispatcher 
there.  He  was  in  the  army  as  telegraph 
operator,  with  Gen.  Hurlbut  and  at  the 
headquarters  of  Gen.  Beach ;  after  the 
war,  he  was  head  clerk  in  the  South 
Branch  ofiices  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 
from  1865  to  1871  ;  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Central  R.  R.  of  Iowa 
since  1871 ,  and  has  occupied  his  present 
position  of  General  Freight  Agent  since 
April,  1876.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Carter,  from  Windsor,  Vt.,  Oct.  10, 
1876;  they  have  one  son  —  Carter 
Manly. 

Marhel,  Herman,  mason. 


Marshall,  T.  F.,  shoemaker. 

Masters,  0.  M.,  wagon  maker. 

Mahews,  J.  R.,  Oriental  Hotel. 

Matthews,  William,  miller. 

Matson,  Nels,  laborer. 

Matter,  Henry,  mason. 

Mead,  A.  B.,  railroad  conductor. 

Meeker,  J.  F.,  attorney. 

MERRIIIAN,  H.  L.,  attorney, 
firm  of  Henderson  &  INIerriman  ;  born  in 
Peoria,  111.,  June  12,  1843  ;  he  lived  in 
Illinois  until  19  years  of  age,  and  then 
went  to  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  studied 
his  profession  there,  and  completed  his 
studies  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Ottawa,  111.;  was  associated 
with  his  uncle  for  several  years  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C;  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1869,  and  associated  with  Henry  C. 
Henderson,  in  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. Has  held  the  office  of  United 
States  Commissioner.  Married  Miss 
Laura  E.  Cowles,  from  the  State  of  New 
York,  March  13,  1867  ;  they  have  one 
son — Halsey  C,  and  have  lost  one  son 
in  infancy. 

JHESSE^^GER,  N.  C,  Recorder 
of  Marshall  Co.;  born  in  Morrow  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  4,  1840 ;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1854  ;  attended  college  at  Iowa  City  two 
years.  Enlisted  in  the  22d  I.  V.  I., 
Co.  I ;  was  First  Sergeant  for  two  years, 
then  Second  Lieutenant ;  was  afterward 
commissioned  First  Lieutenant,  and  com- 
manded his  company  most  of  the  time  ; 
he  was  in  the  battles  of  Port  Gibson, 
Raymond,  Champion  Hills,  Black  River 
Bridge  and  in  the  assault  on  Vicksburg, 
May  22,  1863,  where  he  was  wounded ; 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Vicksburg,  and 
held  three  months  and  a  half;  was 
with  Gen.  Sheridan  in  the  battles  of  Win- 
chester, Fisher's  Hill,  and  Cedar  Creek  ; 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  last  battle 
he  was  in.  Came  to  this  county  in  1868. 
Was  elected  Recorder  of  the  count}'  in 
1872  ;  re-elected  in  1874,  and  again  in 
1876,  and  has  received  the  nomination 
again  in  1878.  Married  Miss  S.  J. 
Boyd,  from  West  Liberty,  in  Oct., 
1865  ;  they  had  two  children — Harry 
and  Edith. 

Mika,  Louis,  coal  dealer. 

Miller,  Charles,  carpenter. 

MILIiER,  CHARL.es  a.,  fore 
man  blacksmith  shops,  Central  Railroad  of 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


565 


Iowa ;  born  in  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  Nov. 
22,  1845  ;  learned  his  trade  in  Lebanon, 
N.  H.;  he  came  to  CHnton,  Iowa,  in 
1866,  and  completed  his  trade  there ; 
was  in  the  employ  of  the  C.  &  N.  W. 
R.  R.  for  six  years,  and  came  with  this 
company  in  Feb.,  1872.  He  married 
Miss  Anna  M.  Benjamin,  from  Windsor 
Co.,  Vt.,  in  Jan.,  1870  ;  they  had  one 
daughter  ;  she  is  not  living. 

Miller,  John  F.,  farmer. 

Mitchell,  Daniel,  laborer,  R.  R. 

Moreland,  Jared,  fireman,  R.  R. 

Morgan,  H.  A.,  carpenter. 

Morgan,  Hugh,  prop.  Central  House. 

MORGAN,  JOSEPH  W.,  dealer 
in  clocks,  watches,  jewelry  and  plated 
ware;  born  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1838,  and  at  an  early  age  moved  to  Ver- 
mont, and  afterward  went  to  Wisconsin 
and  lived  there  five  years.  He  enlisted 
in  the  2d  Minn.  V.  C,  Co.  L,  and  was 
in  service  thirteen  months.  Came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1865,  and  learned  the 
jewelry  business.  Married  Miss  Helen 
Lincoln,  from  the  State  of  New  York, 
in  1863  ;  they  have  five  children. 

HORBII^Ii,    H.    li.,    MAJ., 

Receiver  and  General  Superintendent, 
Central  R.  R.,  of  Iowa;  born  in  Somer- 
set Co.,  Me.,  April  4, 1836  ;  he  removed 
in  infancy  to  Adams  Co.,  111.,  near 
Quincy ;  he  came  to  Iowa  in  1841,  and 
received  his  education  in  this  State. 
Upon  the  breaking-out  of  the  war,  he 
enlisted  in  the  1st  Regt.  Iowa  V.  C, 
from  Keokuk,  Co.  A  ;  he  was  in  the 
battle  of  Black  Water,  Mo.,  and  was  in 
many  skirmishes  with  the  notorious 
guerrilla,  Quantrell ;  was  in  the  battle  of 
Prairie  Grove,  Ark.,  and  in  skirmishes 
in  Northern  Missouri  during  the  Price 
raid  ;  was  at  Bayou  Metre,  and  at  the 
capture  of  Little  Rock  ;  was  in  many 
skirmishes  in  Tennessee,  and  with  Gen. 
Custer  in  Texas  ;  in  1864,  he  was  pro- 
moted and  commissioned  First  Lieuten- 
ant and  Adjutant,  and  afterward  was 
promoted  Captain  and  Major  by  brevet ; 
he  was  in  the  service  four  years  and  nine 
months.  After  the  war,  he  was  Deputy 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  with 
Gen.  Belknap,  at  Keokuk  ;  then  engaged 
in  railroading  in  Illinois,  Indiana  and 
Kentucky.  He  held  the  office  of  Super- 
intendent of  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeast- 


ern R.  R.,  and  was  appointed  Receiver 
of  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  R.  R.  He 
was  appointed  Receiver  of  the  Central 
R.  R.  of  Iowa  April  15,  1878,  and  took 
charge  of  the  property,  and  assumed  the 
management  of  the  road  May  1st.  He 
married  Miss  Clara  White,  from  Penn- 
sylvania, Feb.  10,  1869  ;  they  have  two 
children — Grace  and  Edith. 
ASH,  C,  Jr.,  machinist. 


N 


XEIDIG,  A.  H.,  publisher  Marshall 
County  Republican  ;  born  in  Carlisle, 
Penn.,  Sept.  5,  1840  ;  when  10  years 
of  age,  came  with  parents  to  Iowa  ;  in 
1850,  entered  Western  College,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution,  also 
attended  the  Iowa  City  Commercial 
College  and  graduated  from  there.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  drug  business  for 
five  years,  and  edited  the  Western  Ga- 
zette, and  was  afterward  editor  of  the 
Cedar  Rapids  Daily  Republican  for  two 
years;  in  1873,  he  bought  an  interest 
in  this  paper  and  removed  here.  He  held 
office  of  Chairman  of  the  Repub- 
lican State  Central  Committee  in  1873. 
Married  Miss  Lou  A.  Davis,  from  Ohio, 
in  Jan.,  1867  ;  they  have  three  children 
— Willie,  Cora  and  Grace. 

Nelson,  Chris.,  clerk. 

Nelson,  N.  C,  restaurant. 

Nelson,  Peter,  laborer. 

Nestle,  John  E.,  baker  and  confectioner. 

Newcomb,  A.  H.,  laborer. 

NICODEllUS,  p.  H.,  maker  of 
locomotive  and  coach  springs,  Central 
R.  R.  of  Iowa;  born  in  Carroll  Co., 
Md.,  Jan.  31,  1834;  when  5  years  of 
age,  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Knox 
Co.,  Ohio,  and  lived  there  until  1856, 
and  learned  his  trade  there ;  he  came  to 
Iowa,  this  county,  July  16,  1856,  and 
engaged  in  building  and  blacksmithing 
and  was  in  the  grocery  trade.  Was  in 
the  army;  enlisted  in  1861,  in  the  13th 
Iowa  V.  I.,  Co.  H  ;  was  in  the  service 
three  years ;  after  the  war,  he  returned 
here.  For  the  past  five  years,  he  has 
been  with  the  C.  R.  R.  of  Iowa,  making 
locomotive  and  passenger  coach  springs. 
He  married  Miss  H.  L.  Dunton.  from 
Ohio,  Dec.  3,  1865  ;  she  was  daughter 
of  Rev.  Solomon  Dunton,  of  this  place, 
now  of  California;  she  died  Jan.  1, 
1878. 


566 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


Noid,  James  P.,  laborer. 
Noid,  John,  carpenter. 
Nnrdstrum,  H.,  clerk. 

WORTOX,  CASSIUS  M.,  attor- 

ney  and  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  born  in 
Utica,  N.  y.,  July  1,  1846  ;  lived  there 
until  1 2  years  of  age ;  then  removed  to 
Michigan  and  went  in  the  army  from 
there.  Enlisted  in  the  1st  Mich.  V.  C, 
Co.  M  ;  was  in  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg ;  was  in  Custer's  Brigade  ; 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Brandy  Station 
Oct  12,  1863,  and  was  taken  to  Libby 
Prison  and  Belle  Isle,  and  to  Anderson- 
ville  ;  he  suffered  very  much,  but  not  as 
much  as  some  others  there  ;  he  was  a 
prisoner  eighteen  months.  He  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1869,  studied  law  and 
and  has  practiced  his  profession  here 
since  September,  1872.  Holds  ofl&ce  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace ;  was  elected  in  the 
Fall  of  1874.  Married  Miss  Lillian 
Sicard  from  Wisconsin  in  November, 
1873. 

Norton,  P.  0.,  traveling  agent. 

Norton,  W.  A.,  carpenter. 

Norris,  George  E..,  City  Marshal. 
,AKS,  JOHN,  butcher. 


O 


Ogle,  William  H.,  wagon  maker. 

Olson,  Andrew,  teamster. 

Olson,  Henry,  shoemaker. 

Omstead,  John,  farmer. 

O'Neal,  J.  A. 

O'Neal,  John,  farmer. 

Osman,  William  C,   jewelry  and  watches. 

"pAGE,  I.  D.,' bookkeeper. 

PAGE,  E.  E.,  dealer  in  produce,  but- 
ter and  eggs  ;  born  in  Charleston,  Maine, 
in  1842,  and  lived  there  until  18  years 
of  age.  Was  in  the  army  ;  enlisted  in 
Co.  H,  6th  Maine  V.  I.,  and  was  in 
forty-two  battles  while  in  the  service ; 
among  the  principal  ones  was  Lee's 
Mills,  Williamsburg,  Gaines'  Hills,  Gol- 
den Farm,  and  in  all  the  battles  up  the 
Peninsula  and  back,  Antietam,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Dec.  12  and  13,  '62,  and 
Fredericksburg  May  3,  1863  ;  Banks' 
Ford,  Brandy  Station  and  Gettysburg 
the  2d,  3d,  and  4th,  1863;  in  the  bat 
tie  of  the  Wilderness  May  5  and  6, 
1 864,  and  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House ; 
in  the  last  battle  he  was  severely  wounded. 
May    10,     1864 ;    was     also    slightly 


wounded  across  the  throat  at  battle  of 
Fredericksburg  ;  was  mustered  out  Aug. 
15,  1864  .  Went  to  Boston  in  1867. 
Was  engaged  in  the  produce  business 
about  four  years,  until  1876,  and  came 
to  Marshalltown.  Married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Butrick,  from  Barre,  Mass.,  in  1872  ; 
they  had  two  children  ;  lost  them  both. 
Page,  William  C,  merchant. 

PAL.MER,  AliSINUS  li.,  local 

ticket  agent  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  ; 
born  in  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  31, 1845  ; 
he  came  at  an  early  age  to  Belvidere, 
Boone  Co.,  111.,  and  attended  school 
there,  and  has  been  connected  with  the 
C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  for  twelve  years,  until 
1877,  and  since  then  he  has  occupied 
his  present  position  with  the  Central  R. 
R.  of  Iowa.  He  married  Miss  Lilly 
Harrison,  of  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  Nov., 
1872 ;  they  have  three  children — 
Samuel,  George  and  Dean. 

Palmer,  John,  laborer. 

Palmer,  S.  D.,  books  and  stationery. 

Palmer,  W.  H.,  laborer. 

Parker.  J.  D.,  engineer. 

PARKER,  J.  M.,  attorney  at  law ; 
born  in  Pickaway  Co.,  Ohio,  April  22, 
1838 ;  removed  to  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  in 
1845  ;  received  his  education  at  Hedding 
College,  Abingdon,  Knox  Co.,  111.  In 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  66th  Regiment 
111.  V.  I.,  Co.  F ;  was  in  Mt.  Zion,  Mo., 
and  was  wounded  there ;  was  in  the 
battle  of  Shiloh,  siege  of  Corinth,  luka, 
battle  of  Corinth  and  in  the  fights  and 
skirmishes  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta, 
also  at  Dallas,  Kenesaw  and  Resaca  ;  was 
wounded  at  Dallas ;  was  in  service  three 
years.  Came  to  State  Centre  in  1865, 
and  came  to  Marshalltown  in  the  Fall  of 
same  year  ;  completed  his  law  studies  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866,  and 
since  then,  has  practiced  his  profession 
here.  Has  held  office  of  Mayor  for 
three  terms ;  represented  this  county  in 
the  17th  General  Assembly,  and  has 
held  town  and  school  offices.  Married 
Miss  M.  J.  Webster,  from  La  Porte, 
Ind.,  daughter  of  R.  H.  Webster,  Sept. 
22,  1868  ;  they  have  four  daughters — 
Ada  L.,  Nellie  M.,  Bessie  and  Edna. 

PARRET,  DAVID,  retired;  bom 
in  Pickaway,  Ohio,  Nov.  21,  1812,  and 
learned  the  trade  of  cabinet  and  chair 
maker  ;  removed  to  Goshen,  Ind. ;  was 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


56r 


engaged  in  the  cabinet  and  chair  mak- 
ing busincj^s,  and  also  in  mercantile 
business  for  four  years ;  came  to  Iowa 
with  their  own  team  and  were  two  weeks 
on  the  way,  and  arrived  May  10,  1854, 
at  J.  M.  Ferguson's  on  Timber  Creek, 
having  entered  some  land  there  ;  he  came 
here  to  Marshalltown  and  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  for  thirteen  years. 
He  married  Miss  Emeline  Barton,  from 
Virginia,  April  24,  183t) ;  they  have  six 
children — Warren  B.,  Milton  L.,  David 
0.,  Chauncey  J.,  Emma  B.  and  Arthur, 
and  have  lost  two  sons. 

Parrott,  David,  law  agent. 

Parrott,  W.  B.,  broker. 

Patterson,  A.  B.,  retired. 

Paulin,  P.  M.,  blacksmith. 

PEAK,  THOMAS  T.,  foreman 
boiler  shop.  Central  R.  R.  of  Iowa  ;  born 
in  New  Castle,  Eng.,  Feb.  5,  1833; 
learned  trade  of  boiler  maker,  and  emi- 
grated to  America  in  1867  ;  came  to 
Iowa,  to  Davenport ;  he  has  been  in 
employ  of  Central  E.  R.,  for  past  five 
years,  and  came  here  to  Marshalltown  in 
1876.  He  married  Mary  Kendall,  from 
New  Castle,  Ens;.,  in  March,  1855. 

Pegg,  G.  D.,  clerk  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 

PEXTLAXl),  WIL.I.IAM,  res- 
taurant and  confectionery ;  born  in 
Ireland  June  25,  1831  ;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1843,  and  came  to  Wisconsin  the 
same  year,  to  Walworth  Co.,  and  lived 
there  mostly  until  coming  here ;  went 
to  California  in  1852,  and  remained 
eighteen  months ;  he  came  to  Marshall- 
town  in  April,  1864,  and  engaged  in 
business  and  has  continued  here  since 
then.  Married  Harriet  Peck,  from  Hart- 
ford Co.,  Conn.,  March  29,  1854;  they 
have  four  children — Leonora  F.,  Wil- 
liam W.,  Jennie  E.,  Jesse  M. 

Perry,  M.  J.,  mason. 

Peterson,  Chas.  F.,  engineer  Central  R.  R. 

Peterson,  George,  mason. 

Peterson,  John,  mason. 

Peterson,  Mats,  mason. 

Peterson,  Peter,  engineer. 

Peterson,  Peter,  laborer. 

Phay,  Elijah,  plasterer. 

Phillips,  A.,  farmer. 

Phillips,  E.  L.,  stock  raiser. 

Pierce,  William,  carpenter. 

Pike,  A.  A.,  mason. 

Pinkerton,  Asa,  milk  wagon. 


Pinkham,  C.  B.,  reaper  agent. 
Plunkett,  E.,  machinist. 
Pontius,  E.,  retired. 
Powell,  W.  B.,  millwright. 
Powers,  William,  laborer. 
Preston,  A.  G.,  carpenter. 
Priatz,  Adam,  baker. 
Pruden,  George  A.,  traveling  agent. 
Purcell,  Thomas,  teamster. 
Purington,  M.,  railroad  engineer. 
/^UIGLEY,  T.,  mason. 

T3EBB,  CHARLES,  laborer. 

RAIiLIS,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  Sec. 
31  ;  born  in  Tennessee  in  1822  ;  his 
parents  removed  to  Kentucky  when 
he  was  a  child  ;  and  when  7  years  of 
age,  removed  to  Illinois  and  remained 
there  until  1846,  when  he  came  to  Lee 
Co.,  Iowa;  he  lived  there  and  in  Jef- 
ferson and  Wapello  Counties  until 
1850,  when  he  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
and  built  and  lived  in  the  first  dwelling 
that  was  erected  where  the  city  is  now 
located  ;  he  is  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
in  this  county  that  are  now  living,  and 
endured  all  the  hardships  and  pri- 
vations common  to  the  first  settlers  in 
any  new  country.  He  owns  a  farm  of 
175  acres,  and  is  an  old  Jackson  Demo- 
crat. He  has  been  married  twice  ;  his 
first  wife  was  Susan  Dinnell ;  they 
were  married  in  Indiana;  she  was  a 
native  of  Tennessee.  His  present  wife 
was  Miss  A.  E.  Fulton,  of  Vermont  ; 
they  were  married  in  Marshalltown. 

Reed,  H.  A.,  carpenter. 

Reed,  L.,  retired. 

Reed,  T.  J.,  drayman. 

Reed,  W.  L.,  laundryman. 

REWEY,  FAYETTE,  firm  of 
Coburn  &  Rewey,  carriage  makers  ; 
born  in  Chautauqua  County,  N.  Y. 
Dec.  7,  1843  ;  when  7  years  old,  he 
went  to  Wisconsin.  Enlisted  in  the 
22d  Wis.  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  D  ;  was  in  battle 
of  Spring  Hill  ;  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Brentwood  Station  and  was  with  Gen. 
Sherman  from  Chattanooga  until  close 
of  the  war.  Came  here  in  1869,  and 
since  then,  has  been  engaged  in  business 
here.  He  married  Miss  Lizzie  A.  Shirk, 
from  Pennsylvania,  June  7, 1873  ;  they 
have  one  daughter — Alice  G.,  born 
June  28,  1875. 


568 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


RHEII,  HEJ^RY^  R.,  of  the  Iowa 
Building  and  Manufacturing  Co.;  born 
in  Canada  East,  Aug.  2,  18-42  ;  learned 
trade  of  carpenter  ;  came  to  Iowa  and 
Marshalltown  in  186(5,  and  associated 
with  James  D.  Heath  in  contracting  and 
building  (firm  of  Heath  &  Rhem),  and 
since  then  he  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  the  business.  He  married  Miss 
Amelia  A.  Taylor,  from  Canada,  in  July, 
1863;  they  have  four  children — Ells- 
worth H.,  Anna  L.,  Millie  and  Lewis, 
and  have  lost  one  daughter — Alice. 

RHOADEN,  RENJAMIN  O., 
auction  and  commission  merchant ;  born 
in  Bloomfield,  Pickaway  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  28, 1837  ;  he  lived  in  Ohio  four- 
teen years  and  removed  to  Monticello, 
111.,  and  afterward  to  Champaign  City ; 
he  came  to  Marshalltown  in  1866,  and 
engaged  in  his  present  business  ;  he  has 
ac<:juired  an  extensive  reputation  as  an 
auctioneer  and  salesman,  being  called 
throughout  his  State,  Minnesota,  Ne- 
braska and  Dakota.  Has  held  town 
and  school  offices.  He  married  Miss 
Martha  A.  Bailey,  from  Illinois,  Nov. 
26, 1857:  they  have  five  children — Ella, 
Willard,  Dorotha,  Lizzie  and  Bennie. 

Rhodes,  I.  H.,  laborer. 

Rhodes,  S.  G.,  laborer. 

RICE,  E.  C,  attorney  at  law  ;  born  in 
Steuben  Co.,  New  York,  Dec.  1,  1840; 
received  his  education  and  studied  his 
profession  and  attended  the  University 
at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  He  enlisted  in 
the  army  ;  was  in  the  Hospital  Corps  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  also 
connected  with  the  secret  service  and 
was  discharged  on  account  of  disability. 
He  came  to  Marshalltown  in  Spring 
of  1865,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  ;  very  few  men  lead  a 
more  busy  life  than  3Ir.  Rice.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  Attorney  for  C.  &  N. 
W.  R.  R.,  and  is  Legal  Adviser  of  the 
Sioux  City  R.  R.,  is  President  of  the 
Holland  Land  Co.,  and  is  principal  own- 
er of  the  Bank  at  Holland  (firm  of 
Henriques  &  Rice)  ;  is  President  and 
INIanager  of  the  Central  Iowa  Silver 
Mining  Co.,  and  also  Director  of  Legal 
Tender  Mining  Co.  He  commenced 
life  without  a  cent,  and  whatever  success 
he  has  attained  is  owing  to  his  own 
efforts.     Married   Miss  Olivia   Draper, 


from  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  September, 
1872. 

Richardson,  A.  J.,  laborer. 

Richardson,  L.,  boots  and  shoes. 

Riggles,  John,  lumber  shover. 

Riley,  B.,  drayman. 

Robenick,  James,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

RORERT^^,  H.  H.,  merchant,  deal- 
er in  dry  goods;  born  in  the  year  185-4, 
and  lived  in  Chicago  for  eight  years  and 
came  here  to  Marshalltown  in  1877 
and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business 

Roberts,  J.  L.,  dentist, 

Robinson,  L.  G.,  mechanic. 

Robinson,  R.  F.,  plasterer. 

Rogers,  M.  L  ,  retired. 

Rowley,  Wm.,  employe  Central  R.  R. 

Ruopp,  Jacob,  works  in  brewery. 

Rutan,  L.,  painter. 

RUTHERFORD,   GEORGE 

W.,  publisher  and  editor  National 
Greenbach ;  born  in  St.  Clair  Co.,  111., 
March  29,  1838,  and  was  brought  up 
in  Warren  Co.,  and  was  engaged  in 
wagon  making  business  and  farming ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1870,  and  edited  the 
Eclectic,  at  Victor,  Iowa ;  also  edited  a 
paper  at  Marengo.  Enlisted  in  the 
army  in  the  143  Regt.  111.  Inf. ;  he  was 
First  Lieutenant  Co.  D.  He  received 
the  nomination  for  Congress  on  Green- 
back ticket  in  1876.  Came  to  Mar- 
shalltown in  March,  1878.  He  mar- 
ried Sarah  King,  from  Indiana,  June 
24,  1858 ;  they  have  four  children — 
Ida,  Mattie,  Joseph  and  Susan. 
QADLER,  W.  D.,  stationery. 

Saline,  C,  shoemaker. 

SANFORD,  COOK,  publisher  of 
the  Marshall  Statesman ;  born  in  Berk- 
shire Co.,  Mass..  March  21,  1833; 
when  8  years  of  age,  removed  to  Kane 
Co.,  111. ;  learned  the  printing  business 
in  Chicago,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  1856  ; 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
Newton,  Jasper  Co.,  and  also  in  Kansas 
for  eight  years  ;  then  went  to  Chicago, 
and  was  in  business  there  three  years, 
and  came  to  Marshalltown  in  1869,  and 
was  in  the  office  of  the  Marshall  County 
Times  with  Chapin  &  Sower  six  years  ; 
in  1876,  he  commenced  jtublishing  the 
Statesman,  increasing  the  circulation 
from  400,  when  he  began,  to  over  1,500, 
at  the  present  time. 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


569 


Sandford,  I.  J.,  teamster. 

SANFORD,  JAMES  P., COL.; 

born  in  Soiieea  C<>.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  11, 
18o2,  and  lived  there  until  13  years  of 
age,  when  he  went  to  South  America 
and  spent  four  years  there  and  in  the 
West  Indies  and  Mexico;  in  1851,  he 
came  to  New  Oi'leans,  La.;  lived  South 
until  1856,  and  then  came  to  Iowa  and 
entered  the  State  University  in  1858. 
Was  in  the  army  ;  enlisted  as  private  in 
the  2d  Iowa  V.  C;  was  elected  and 
commissioned  Lieutenant  and  afterward 
Captain  of  Co.  H  ;  in  1862,  he  re- 
signed, and  was  afterward  commissioned 
Colonel  of  the  47th  Iowa  V.  I  ;  he  re- 
tired from  the  service  in  1864,  and  went 
to  Europe ;  since  then  he  has  crossed 
the  Atlantic  ocean  fifteen  times  and  has 
eaten  bread  in  every  Kingdom  and  every 
Republic  on  earth,  and  has  earned  the 
title  of  the  Great  American  Traveler. 
As  a  lecturer,  he  occupies  a  leading  po- 
sition and  last  year  delivered  over  200 
lectures  ;  very  few  public  speakers  have 
the  faculty  of  conveying  the  information 
of  their  travels  in  so  pleasing  a  manner 
as  Col."  Sanford.  Married  Miss  Callie 
Wright,-  from  Ft.  Madison,  Iowa,  Oct. 
10,  1860  ;  she  was  born  in  Indiana  and 
removed  to  Iowa  over  thirty  years  ago  ; 
they  have  one  son — George  Sanford,  born 
July  10,  1868.  Col.  Sanford  has  one 
daughter — Martha — by  a  former  wife. 

Satia,  Albert,  real  estate. 

Satia,  Charles,  farmer. 

Schoolcraft,  C.  C,  carpenter. 

Schram,  John,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Scully,  David,  patent  medicine. 

Schurtz,  E.,  clerk. 

Scott.  M.  W.,  attorney. 

SEARS,  REIJBEX,  DR.,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Iowa  Barb  Steel  Wire  Co.; 
born  in  Dracut,  Mass.,  July  31,  1824  ; 
he  received  his  education  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  came  to  Illinois  and  afterward 
came  to  Iowa  ;  he  studied  medicine  and 
graduated  at  Rush  Medical  College, 
Chicago,  and  has  practiced  medicine  in 
Iowa  thirty  years.  He  built  the  first 
house  that  was  built  in  Brooklyn,  Powe- 
shiek Co.  He  represented  Poweshiek 
Co.  in  the  State  Legislature.  Came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1872.  He  was  elected 
President  of  the  Iowa  Barb  Steel  Wire 
Co.,  and  has  largely  the  management  of 


the  business.  Married  Miss  Cynthia 
Guild,  from  West  Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  1846  ; 
they  have  four  children — Reuben  H, 
Cynthiaiia,  Mrs.  Florence  M.  Burnell 
and  Ausrustus  G. 

SEARS,  REUREN  E.,  attorn*^, 
firm  of  Sears  cV  Lemert ;  born  in  Proph- 
etstown,  Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  June  6, 
1848,  and  removed  with  his  parents  to 
this  State  when  he  was  2  years  of  age 
and  received  his  education  and  graduated 
at  Iowa  College,  at  Grinnell ;  then  at- 
tended law  school  at  Iowa  City,  and 
graduated  in  1871 ;  came  to  Marshall- 
town  and  has  practiced  his  profession 
here  since  1873.  He  is  one  of  the  princi- 
pal stockholders  and  is  Secretary  of  the 
Iowa  Barb  Steel  Wire  Company.  He 
married  Miss  Agnes  Childs  June  6, 
1874  ;  she  is  from  Ohio  and  is  daugh- 
ter of  John  Childs,  Esq.,  one  of  the 
early  settlers  here.  They  have  one 
daughter — Agnes. 

Seashare,  Otto,  laborer. 

SEEVERS,  THEO.  L..,  builder  in 
charge  of  Car  Depai'tment  Central  Rail- 
road of  Iowa ;  born  in  Clark  Co.,  Va., 
near  Winchester,  March  7,  1835,  and 
when  7  years  of  age  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  March, 
1843 ;  they  located  in  Mahaska  Co., 
one  and  one-half  miles  south  of  Oska- 
loosa ;  they  were  among  the  earliest 
settlers  there,  they  having  waited  until 
May  1,  1843,  the  time  appointed  for 
the  Indians  to  leave;  when  17  years 
old,  he  went  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
learned  the  trade  of  car  builder.  He 
was  in  the  army  in  the  33d  Regt.  Iowa 
Inf.  ;  was  commissioned  Lieutenant  Co. 
E,  under  Col.  (afterward  Gen.)  8.  A. 
Rice;  was  in  the  battle  of  Helena, 
July  4,  1863  ;  was  in  the  service  three 
years  to  a  day  ;  returned  and  was  with 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  at  Boone ;  came  here 
in  December,  1869,  and  has  occupied 
his  present  position  since  1871.  Mar- 
ried iMiss  Eliza  A.  Boswell,  from  Rich- 
mond, Ind.,  Dec.  23,  1850  ;  they  have 
one  daughter — Arie  and  have  lost  one 
son — William,  and  one  daughter — Elsie. 

Seig,  George  L.,  printer. 

Seiir,  Theodore. 

Shaw,  C.  C,  laborer. 

Sheiding.  Louis,  farmer  and  gardener. 

Sheldon,  J.  B.,  carriage  trimmer. 


570 


DIRECTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Sherlock,  Wm.  M.,  marble  maufucturer. 
Sherman,  C.  W.,  farmer. 
Sherwood,  A.  C,  physician. 
NHETIiER,  <i}EOKGE,  retired; 
born  in  Germany  in  1812,  and  came  to 
America  in  1833.  and  lived  in  Pennsyl- 
vania for  six  years,  and  lived  in  Ken- 
tucky for  fifteen  years,  and  came  to 
Iowa  in  1857,  to  Marshall  County; 
engaged  in  farming  for  nine  years,  then 
removed  to  this  city,  and  since  then,  has 
lived  here.  Married  Martha  A.  Smith, 
from  Ohio,  in  January,  1838  ;  they  have 
four  children — Electa  E.,  George  H., 
Saniantha  and  James  K.  Polk.  George 
H.  Shetler,  son  of  the  above,  was  born  in 
Germantown,  Ky.,  in  1843,  and  came  to 
this  county  with  his  parents  in  1857, 
and  has  been  in  the  harness  making 
business  since  1867.  Remarried  Cath- 
arine Baker,  from  Iowa  City,  in  1866  ; 
they  have  three  children — Waverly, 
Paul  and  Nellie. 
Shirk,  B.  C,  retired. 

NHORTHIIiL,  Ali.  E.,  hauling, 
dray  and  ice  business ;  born  in  Bryan, 
Williams  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1851 ;  he  lived 
in  Ohio  until  Fall  of  1865 ;  came  to 
jMarshalltown  without  a  dollar  ;  he  has 
been  engaged  in  draying  and  ice  busi- 
ness for  past  six  years,  and  doing  a  large 
business,  employing  seven  teams.  He 
married  Miss  Lucy  Ella  Dickerson,  from 
Morgan  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  5,  1874. 
Sicard,  A.,  millwright. 
Size,  W.  A.,  brick  manufacturer. 
Simons,  M.  D.,  plasterer. 
Sipe,  Jacob,  carpenter. 
Skully,  John,  laborer. 
SLiEICirHT,  E.  Cjt.,  proprietor  grain 
elevator ;  born  in  city  of  New  York 
June  18,  1831,  his  father  being  one  of 
the  largest  retail  diy  goods  merchants  in 
the  city,  on  the  corner  of  Canal  and 
Mercer,  where  Arnold,  Constable  &  Co. 
are  now  located ;  when  7  years  of  age, 
in  1837,  he  removed  to  Michigan  City; 
lived  there  twenty  years ;  was  with  his 
father  in  grain  business  in  Kalamazoo 
and  Niles ;  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1862,  and  engaged  in  the  grain  and 
elevator  business  ;  he  was  the  first  man 
to  pay  cash  for  grain  here  ;  his  elevator 
was  burned  May  4,  1872,  and  after 
being  rebuilt,  they  were  again  burned 
April  6,  1876  ;  he  lost  heavily  in  both 


conflagrations  ;  but  not  discouraged,  he 
commenced  again ;  but  few  men  here 
have  done  so  much  for  the  interests  of 
this  town  and  county.  He  married  ]Miss 
Emily  A.  Arnold,  from  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.,  in  October,  1855 ;  they  have 
three  children  living — Mary,  Carrie  and 
James,  and  have  lost  one  daughter — 
Bessie. 

Smelling,  W.  E.,  attorney. 

Smith,  Alex,  laborer. 

Smith,  A.  K. 

SMITH,  ATI.EY,  merchant,  dry 
goods,  fancy  goods  and  notions,  16  West 
Main  street ;  born  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  Frederick  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  20, 
1848;  lived  in  Virginia  twenty-two 
years  ;  taught  school  there  and  came  to 
Iowa  in  1870,  and  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  trade  at  Mt.  Pleasant ;  then  was 
in  Nebraska  for  two  years;  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1875,  and  engaged  in 
the  dry  goods  business  ;  he  bought  the 
lot,  and  has  just  completed  the  building 
he  now  occupies.  Married  Miss  Anna 
R.  Robinson,  from  Frederick  Co.,  Va., 
in  Aug.,  1873;  they  have  one  daughter 
— Ludessa  Mabel. 

SMITH,  DEIiAlJO  T.,  real  e.state 
and  grower  of  fine  stock;  born  in  Litch- 
field, Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  6, 
1830  ;  he  received  his  education  at  the 
Clinton  Liberal  Institute,  and  studied 
law  with  the  Hon.  J.  C.  Smith,  after- 
ward Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State  of  New  York ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1 852  ;  practiced  his  profession 
in  Dixon,  111.,  two  years ;  in  1855,  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and 
lived  there  ten  years ;  was  engaged  in 
the  real  estate  business,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  politics.  He  represented 
the  Minneapolis  district  in  both  the  Leg- 
islature and  the  State  Senate;  in  1863, 
he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  United 
States  Direct  Tax  Commissioner  for  the 
State  of  Tennessee,  to  aid  the  Depart- 
ment in  collecting  taxes  in  the  insurrec- 
tionary States,  and  filled  the  position 
with  great  acceptance  until  the  close  of 
the  war;  in  1865,  he  removed  to  New 
York  city,  and  engaged  in  the  real  es- 
tate business ;  in  connection  with  his 
brother,  the  Hon.  M.  C.  Smith  ;  they 
started  the  enterprise  known  as  the 
Arcade  Railway ;  in  1869,  he  removed 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


571 


to  Marshalltown,  and  since  then  has 
been  engaged  in  real  estate  busi- 
ness and  raising  fine  stock,  princi- 
pally Short-Horn  cattle  and  Berkshire 
swine.  His  Highland  Home  Stock  Farm 
adjoins  this  city.  He  also  has  a  stock 
farm  of  800  acres  at  Logan.  Married 
Miss  Mattie  A.  Palmer,  from  Utica,  N. 
Y.,  in  July,  1862 ;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren— one  son  and  five  daughters. 

Smith,  Geo.,  C.  R.  R.  employe. 

SMITH,    G.  WASHINGTON, 

loaning  money  ;  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Penn.,  Aug.  10,  1828;  he^  lived  in 
Pennsylvania  and  in  Jeflferson  Co.,  Va., 
until  1849,  when  he  moved  to  Fulton 
Co.,  111.;  he  first  came  to  Iowa  in  1852, 
and  then  spent  some  years  in  the  South- 
ern States ;  he  returned  to  Iowa  and 
came  to  Marshalltown  in  186-1,  and  since 
then  has  resided  here.  He  married 
Mary  Ginter,  from  Ohio,  in  July,  1854  ; 
they  have  three  children —  Marietta 
Virginia,  Harriet  Jane  and  Nellie  Fran- 
ces ;  they  have  lost  four  children. 

Smith,  P.  G.,  retired. 

Smith,  S.  L.,  C.  R.  R.  employe. 

SHITH,  W.  A.,  proprietor  Marshall 
Marble  Works  ;  born  in  Goshen,  Mass., 
Aug.  12,  1837  ;  when  13  years  of  age, 
he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and 
learned  his  business,  and  went  in  the 
army.  Enlisted  in  the  5th  Ohio  V.  I., 
Co.  K ;  was  in  many  fights  and 
skirmishes ;  he  was  transferred  to  the 
navy,  and  was  on  the  gunboat  Lexing- 
ton, and  was  in  active  service ;  was  in 
the  siege  of  Vicksl>iirg,  Milliken's  Bend, 
Helena,  Arkansas  Post,  Haines  Bluff, 
Chickasaw  Bayou  and  other  places ; 
he  was  with  the  Lexington  when  she 
captured  two  transports  loaded  with 
cotton  in  face  of  Marmaduko's  army  of 
40,000  men.  Afterward,  Mr.  Smith 
came  here  and  engaged  in  business. 
He  married  Anna  H.  Highlands,  from 
Milford,  Ohio,  Sept.  4,  1871  ;  they  have 
two  children — Willie  H.  and  Jessie  E. 

SNOW,  B.  L.,  money  broker;  born 
in  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan  14,  1836  ; 
was  afterward  engaged  in  teaching 
school  during  Winters  for  sixteen  years. 
Enlisted  in  the  15th  Ohio  V.  I.,  Co.  K, 
three-months  service,  and  re-enlisted  in 
the  46th  Regiment,  Co.  K ;  was  in 
the  battles    of    Black  River,  Jackson, 


Vicksburg,  Mission  Ridge,  Atlanta  ;  was 
slightly  wounded  at  Black  River ;  was 
in  service  three  years  and  four  months. 
After  the  war,  he  came  to  Iowa  ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1873,  Married  Martha 
J.  Royce,  from  Ohio,  in  1861  ;  they 
have  four  children — Winnifred  C.,  Nina 
May,  Birdie  and  Norman  N. 

Snyder,  Andrew,  engineer,  C.  R.  R. 

Snyder,  Andrew,  saloon. 

Snyder,  William,  laborer. 

Southard,  A.  M.,  patent  right. 

SOWER,  GEORIi^E,  firm  of  Cha- 
pin  &  Sower,  publishers  Marshall  Coun- 
ty Times  ;  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany, 
Jan  29,  1831  ;  came  to  America  in 
1852  ;  after  remaining  in  New  York  for  a 
while,  he  went  to  Litchfield,  Conn.,  for 
two  years ;  then  came  to  Iowa,  to  Tama 
Co..  Columbia  Tp.,  in  Feb.,  1854,  and 
was  one  of  the  early  settlers  there  ;  en- 
gaged in  farming  in  1856  ;  then  engaged 
with  Dr.  Henry  Baldy,  in  publishing 
the  Iowa  Tribune,  at  Toledo,  Tama  Co.; 
after  engaging  in  various  enterprises,  he 
came  to  Marshalltown  and  afterward 
became  associated  with  E.  N.  Chapin,  in 
publishing  the  Marshall  County  Times. 
He  was  married  in  the  city  of  New 
York  to  Miss  Susanna  Euler,  from  Gie- 
sen,  Germany,  in  the  Autumn  of  1853  ; 
they  have  four  children — Julia,  John 
H.,  Susan  and  Jennie  ;  they  lost  one 
son — George. 

Spaulding,  A.,  carpenter. 

Spears,  H.  V.,  grocer. 

SPEER,  WILLIAM  W.,  Super 
intendent  of  Schools  ;  born  in  Butler  Co., 
Penn.,  Dec.  24,  1848 ;  removed  to  Ohio 
at  an  early  age ;  lived  there  ten  years 
and  went  to  Michigan.  Was  in  the  ar- 
my ;  enlisted  when  14  years  of  age,  in 
the  Uth  Mich.  V.  C,  Co.  L  ;  was  Quar- 
termaster Sergeant ;  was  wounded  by 
one  of  John  Morgan's  raiders,  at  Cyn- 
thiana,  Ky.;  was  in  the  service 
twenty-two  months.  Came  to  Iowa,  and 
has  been  engaged  in  teaching  in  this 
and  adjoining  counties  for  ten  years, 
when  he  was  elected  Superintendent  of 
Schools  of  this  county  in  1877.  Mr. 
Speer  has  been  married  twice  ;  his  first 
wife  was  Miss  Emma  Roberts,  from 
New  Hampshire  ;  she  died  in  1872. 
Married  Miss  Lillian  Sherwin,  from  New 
York,  in  Dec,  1875. 


572 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Sperlin,  S.  S.,  laborer. 

Statt,  George,  farmer. 

STATLER,  E.  J.  B.,  ^  physi- 
cian and  surgeon  ;  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  18, 1826,  living  in  Penn- 
sylvania until  1855,  and  received  both 
his  classical  and  medical  education  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  graduated  at  the  old 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
in  1851  ;  he  came  to  Iowa  in  1850,  to 
Iowa  City,  and  came  here,  to  Marshall- 
town,  in  1857,  and  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  was  Assistant 
Surgeon  in  the  28th  I.  V.  I.,  and  was 
afterward  commissioned  Surgeon  of  the 
35th  Iowa  V.  I.  He  was  in  the  service 
twenty-seven  months  ;  after  the  war,  he 
returned  and  resumed  his  practice  here  ; 
in  1868,  he  took  the  ad  eundem  degree. 
Surgeon  of  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  Co.,  also 
of  the  Central  R.  R.  of  Iowa.  Married 
Miss  Sarah  J.  Kemp,  from  Westmore- 
land Co.,  Penn.,  in  Mt.  Pleasant  March 
6,  1847  ;  they  have  had  six  children, 
two  sons  —  Renjamin  and  William 
Edward,  and  four  daughters — Mary  C, 
Sarah  E.,  Cordelia  and  Nellie. 

STEEL.,  WILLIAM,  plow 

maker  ;  born  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  May 
22,  1846  ;  when  3  A  years  of  age  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  ;  they 
came  in  a  wagon,  and  were  about  three 
months  on  the  way,  and  arrived  in  Mar- 
shall Co.  in  Nov.,  1849,  and  located  in 
Taylor  Township,  and  they  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  there  ;  they  were  the 
seventh  family  located  in  this  county, 
and  engaged  in  farming  ;  there  were 
Indians  here  then  ;  they  used  to  go  to 
Muscatine  for  their  mail  and  to  mill  ; 
they  lived  in  a  log  cabin  with  a  bark 
roof,  using  a  quilt  for  a  door  ;  there  are 
few  here  in  the  county  now  who  were  here 
when  they  came  ;  he  came  to  Marshall- 
town  in  1863,  and  learned  his  jiresent 
business,  and  has  been  engaged  in  it 
since  then.  Married  Miss  Laura  E. 
Johnson,  from  Wells  Co.,  Ind.,  Dec. 
27,  1872  ;  they  have  two  children — 
Rirte  and  Ollie,  and  have  lost  one  son 
in  infancy. 
STEVEIVS,  JAMES  F.,  con- 
tractor and  builder  ;  born  in  Portland, 
Me.,  Nov.  1,  1838;  removed  in  infancy 
to  New  Brunswick,  and  was  brought  up 
and  learned  his  trade  there ;  he  came  to 


Chicago  Sept.  3,  1860,  and  was  engaged 
in  contracting  and  building  there  for 
eighteen  years ;  he  came  to  Marshall- 
town  in  1877.  He  was  in  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  a  short  time  during 
the  war.  He  married  Miss  Addie 
Johnson  March  4,  1868  ;  she  was  born 
in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  and  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  infancy. 

STEVENS,  PHIXEAS,  farmer  ) 
and  stock  raiser  ;  born  in  Caledonia  Co.,  / 
Vt.,  Aug.  10,  1821  ;  lived  in  Vermont ' 
until  33  years  of  age ;  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  business;  in  1854,  he  removed 
to  Kenosha,  Wis.,  for  about  two  years  ; 
then  removed  to  Lacon,  111.,  in  Jan., 
1856,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business, 
and  afterward  in  banking,  being  one  of 
those  who  organized  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Lacon  in  1863,  being  among  . 
the  earliest  national  banks  organized — 
No.  347 ;  he  was  one  of  the  largest 
stockholders  and  President  of  the  bank 
until  1871,  when  he  retired  from  bank- 
ing, and  went  on  his  farms;  in  1876, 
he  sold  his  forms,  and  came  to  this  coun- 
ty ;  in  Feb.,  1877,  he  engaged  exten- 
sively in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He 
owns  1,200  acres  in  Logan  Tp.  He 
held  the  office  of  Supervisor  in  Illinois 
two  years.  He  married  Miss  Caroline 
Brock,  from  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  June 
20,  1844 ;  they  have  two  children — 
Charles  A.,  living  in  Dexter,  Iowa ; 
Emily  C,  living  in  Marshall  Co.,  111. 
they  lost  one  son  in  infancy. 

Stewart,  Aaron,  laborer. 

Stiles,  Newell,  retired. 

STINE,  JOHN,  contractor  and 
dealer  in  lime,  cement,  stone,  hair  and 
stucco  ;  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Md., 
June  20,  1840  ;  when  3  years  of 
age,  he  removed  to  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  and 
was  raised  there  ;  came  to  Marshalltown 
in  the  Fall  of  1864,  and  has  be(;n  en- 
gaged in  his  present  business  for  the 
past  ten  years.  He  married  Miss  Har- 
riet M.  Bates,  from  Canada  East  ; 
she  died  in  August,  1873,  leaving  three 
children — Ida  A.,  Arden  M.,  Eva  I., 
and  lost  one  son — Walter  C.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Jennie  E.  Bates,  from  Canada 
East,  June  21,  1876  ;  they  have  one 
daughter — Myrtie  May. 

Stinson,  W.  L.,  far.,  S.  33. 

Stodart,  H.,  lumbennan. 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  ^-INN  TOWNSHIP. 


573 


STODDERT,  THOMAS,  firm  of 
Stoddert  Bioy.,  luiul)er  dealers  ;  born  in 
Liverpool,  Eng.,  March  1,  1852  ;  after 
receiving  his  education,  he  became  Cash- 
ier and  head  bookkeeper  in  a  large 
steamship  office  in  London.  He  came 
to  America  in  1875,  and  came  to  Mar- 
shalltown  the  same  year,  and  associated 
with  his  brother  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. 

STOXE,  C.  W.,  banker;  born  in 
Canada  March  17,  18-12,  and  came  with 
his  parents  to  this  State  to  Iowa  City 
and  from  there  they  started  in  the  stage, 
but  after  coming  ten  miles,  he  and  his 
father  being  in  a  hurry  they  came  the 
rest  of  the  way  on  foot,  and  arrived 
here  half  a  day  in  advance  of  the  stage  ; 
in  1855,  they  engaged  in  farming,  and 
carried  on  an  extensive  dairy  business  ; 
over  100  cows  ;  the  reputation  of  Stone's 
cheese  was  known   far  and  wide.     Mr. 

'  Stone  attended  school  at  Marietta  dur- 
ing the  county  seat  trouble,  and  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1860.  He  was  in  the 
army  ;  enlisted  in  13th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  H  ; 
was  with  Gen.  Sherman  from  Chatta- 
nooga to  Atlanta,  and  went  with  him  to 
the  sea,  and  then  to  Washington ;  he 
was  promoted  and  commissioned  First 
Lieutenant  in  the  regular  army  in 
front  of  Atlanta.  After  the  war,  he  re- 
turned here  and  associated  with  H.  E.  J. 
Boardman,  J.  L.  Williams  and  John 
Turner  ;  has  been  engaged  in  banking  for 
the  past  five  years.  He  married  Miss 
AUie  E.  Williams,  from  Erie  Co.,  Penn., 
Feb.  26, 1864  ;  they  have  three  children 
—  May,  Hallie  and  Herbie. 

STONE,  ESBOX  W.,  of  the  firm 
of  McCumbs  &  Stone,  livery,  sale  and 
boarding  stable ;  born  in  Canada  July 
23,  1838,  and  came  to  Iowa  when  17 
years  of  age ;  arrived  in  Marshall  Co., 
in  May,  1855,  with  his  parents ;  they 
engaged  in  farming  and  in  dairy  busi- 
ness extensively  ;  they  were  early  settlers, 
and  there  was  but  little  improvement 
here  when  they  came  ;  he  came  to  this 
city  in  1874,  and  engaged  in  his  present 
business.  He  has  held  town  and  school 
offices.  He  married  Miss  Delia  A. 
Randall  from  Ohio,  in  January,  1864 ; 
they  have  two  children — Willie  and 
Nellie,  and  lost  one  son  in  infancy. 
Sullivan,  Mat.,  employe  C.  R.  R. 


SrTTOX,  PRESTON  M.,  attor- 
ney at  law  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Feb. 
22,  1845,  and  removed  to  McHenry 
Co.,  111.,  in  infancy,  and  lived  there  un- 
til 1860  ;  taught  school  in  Southern 
Illinois  one  year  and  entered  Normal 
University  at  Normal,  and  after  being 
there  one  year,  came  to  Iowa  and  Mar- 
shall Co.;  while  in  Albion  he  was  em- 
ployed to  take  charge  of  the  mathemat- 
ical department  of  Iowa  Lutheran  Col- 
lege ;  was  there  one  year  and  enlisted 
with  a  number  of  the  students  in  the 
6th  Iowa  V.  C,  Co.  A;  served  two  years. 
After  the  war,  was  chosen  Principal  of 
the  schools  in  Marshalltown,  and  re- 
mained in  that  position  for  two  and  a 
half  years  ;  was  nominated  and  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Courts  of  this  county  ; 
held  that  office  two  years,  reading  law 
in  the  mean  time,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  Jan.  1,  1873,  when  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Messrs.  Henderson  & 
Merriman  and  continued  for  seven 
months,  then  withdrew  with  the  consent 
of  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  and 
opened  an  independent  office.  Was 
elected  Solicitor  of  the  city  ;  held  the 
office  for  two  years ;  was  also  elected 
President  of  the  School  Board,  and  was 
instrumental  in  employing  Prof  Rogers 
and  in  inaugurating  the  present  school 
system.  His  present  position  at  the  bar 
is  in  a  considerable  degree  owing  to  his 
having  won  a  number  of  cases  that  have 
attracted  large  attention,  and  which  were 
rejected  by  some  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
of  the  State  as  impossible  and  hopeless, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
"Oi'r  case,"  the  "Carlisle  case"  and  the 
celebrated  defense  of  Mrs.  Ellen  S.  Tup- 
per  the  once  famous  "Bee  Queen"  and 
notorious  forger.  Mr.  Sutton's  life  has 
been  an  eventful  one  ;  whatever  he  has 
done  has  been  done  with  his  might ;  his 
achievements  have  been  brilliant,  victo- 
rious, and  his  mistakes  have  been  equal- 
ly marked  and  serious.  But  he  is  always 
known  to  be  liberal  and  generous  in  his 
support  of  all  measures  intended  for  the 
public  good  and  in  aid  and  defense  of 
those  most  needing  help  and  assistance  ; 
he  has  and  always  will  have  hosts  of 
warm  and  enthusiastic  friends;  and  even 
those  who  would  be   expected   to   say 


574 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


T 


most   against   him    liave    for  him 
words  of  kindness  and  charity. 
ATE,  D.  H.,  farm  laborer. 


only 


TAYLOR,  R.  HOWE,  Mayor  of 
Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  Oct.  1,  1825,  and  removed  at 
an  early  age  to  the  State  of  New  York  ; 
received  his  education  and  studied  med- 
icine ;  came  West  in  1853,  and  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1854,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  ;  he  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers,  only  few  here 
now  that  came  before  1853.  He  was 
elected  County  Judge  io  1861  ;  has 
held  the  offices  of  County  Treasurer 
and  Recorder;  also  held  office  of  Super- 
visor and  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the 
Board ;  was  elected  State  Senator  in 
1871,  for  four  years,  and  was  Presiden- 
tial Elector  in  1876  ;  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Marshalltown  in  1877,  and 
re-elected  in  1878.  Married  Miss  Ra- 
chel Dunn,  from  La  Porte,  Ind.,  in 
April,  1860  ;  they  have  two  children — 
Ettie  and  Madge ;  they  have  lost  one 
daughter. 

Taylor,  S.  J.,  harness  maker. 

THAYER,  THOMAS,  buying  and 
shipping  stock  ;  born  in  Hampshire  Co., 
Mass.,  Aug.  1,  1806;  came  to  Aurora, 
Kane  Co.,  111.,  in  184-i  ;  engaged  in  mill- 
ing, farming  and  stock  business  ;  used 
to  drive  stock  to  Chicago ;  he  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  Sept.  13,  1855; 
came  with  an  ox  team,  coming  by  Dixon 
and  Rock  Island,  then  to  Iowa  City  ; 
were  four  weeks  on  the  way  ;  came  to 
this  county,  and  was  here  when  there 
was  only  fourteen  voters  in  this  town, 
and  eighty-two  or  eighty-three  in  this 
county.  He  man-ied  Clarissa  Williams, 
from  Goshen,  Hampshire  Co.,  Mass., 
in  June,  1838.  They  went  back  to 
Aurora,  111.,  in  1863  ;  his  wife  died  Aug. 
28,  1872 ;  he  came  here  again  in  1876, 
and  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping 
stock,  and  does  a  large  business ;  he 
paid  out  for  stock  during  the  months  of 
March,  April  and  May  of  this  year  over 
$58,000  ;  he  has  five  children— Wealthy 
Ellen,  Thomas  J.,  Edward  L.  and  Clar- 
issa ;  lost  three  children. 

THOMAS,  FRANK  M.,  COI.., 

deceased;  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1842  ; 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  when 


2  years  of  age  ;  they  were  at  Spirit  Lake 
at  the  time  of  the  massacre.  When  the 
war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the  8th  I. 
V.  C.,  and  was  in  active  service  until  he 
was  severely  wounded,  having  his  leg 
shot  off  and  was  taken  prisoner  near  At- 
lanta, Georgia ;  he  languished  in  their 
prisons  for  a  year  and  a  half,  suffering 
everything  but  death.  After  the  war, 
he  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  where  he  re- 
mained two  or  three  years,  meantime 
graduating  at  the  Columbia  Law  Col- 
lege. Returning  to  Marshalltown,  he 
married  Miss  Lydia  Holloway,  from 
Ohio,  Dec.  26,  1867.  He  was  elected 
Recorder  of  Deeds,  and  was  afterward 
chosen  Clerk  of  the  District  Court, 
which  office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  the  city  of 
Washington,  March  6,  1873 ;  in  the 
language  of  the  Washington  Chronicle, 
he  was  a  brave,  self-sacrificing  soldier,  a 
true,  generous  and  abiding  friend,  and 
an  upright,  honest  man,  and  his  loss  will 
be  deeply  deplored  wherever  known.  He 
left  a  wife,  and  one  daughter,  who  now 
lives  with  her  adopted  father,  Mr.  Lot 
Holmes. 

Thompson,  V.  S.,  physician. 

Thorn,  Isaac  M.,  laborer. 

Thornton,  Hugh,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Thorpe,  B.  0.,  laborer. 

Thorp,  Cyrus,  retired. 

Thorp,  George  R.,  laborer. 

Timma,  David,  farmer. 

Treadwell,  W.  F.,  clerk. 

Trine,  E.,  harness  maker. 

TUFFREE,  E.,  abstracts  and  loans  ; 
born  in  Pittsburgh,  Allegheny  Co., 
Penn.,  April  4,  1838,  and  lived  in  Penn- 
sylvania for  seventeen  years  ;  and  also 
in  Virginia,  near  Wheeling,  for  one 
year,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  1856, 
and  located  in  Marshall  Co.,  town  of 
Eden,  and  engaged  in  farming;  was 
in  the  army,  enUsted  in  the  23d  Rest. 
L  V.  L,  Co.  K,  Aug.  12,  1862;  was 
in  battles  of  Port  Gibson,  Black  River 
Bridge,  and  through  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  Jackson,  and  others ;  was  in 
the  service  three  years.  He  was 
appointed  Deputy  County  Recorder. 
Jjugaged  in  his  present  business  in  1872. 
Married  Miss  Rachel  R.  Palmer,  from 
Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  October,  1868.     They 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


575 


have  three  children — Nora,  Charlie  and 
Mary. 

TlTRl^ER,  JOHX,  City  Bank  ;  born 
in  Clinton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  10,  1829; 
lived  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
until  1857,  when  he  came  to  Iowa; 
located  at  Marietta,  thi.s  county,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  stove  and  hardware  trade. 
Was  elected  Justice  of  Peace  in  1857, 
and  held  office  of  Postmaster  under 
President  Lincoln.  He  came  to  Mar- 
shalltown  in  1862 ;  was  appointed 
Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Courts,  and  was 
afterward  elected  Recorder  of  this 
county  in  1866.  Engaged  in  the  hard- 
ware trade  here  for  some  years,  and  sold 
out  to  and  was  succeeded  by  N.  Worley 
&  Sons,  and  eneaged  in  the  banking 
business  ;  has  held  office  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  member  of  City  Council,  for 
some  years  in  this  city.  Married  Mrs. 
Matilda  P.  Colton,  formerly  Mrs. 
Matilda  P.  Williams,  from  Erie  Co., 
Penn.,  in  December,  1854.  She  has 
one  daughter,  now  Mrs.  George  Kroger. 

TTLMER,  MICHAEL,  laborer. 
K_J       Upson,  L.  T.,  furniture. 

Upson,  J.  T.,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

IJTZ,  JOHX,  retired  ;  born  in  Fred- 
erick Co.,  Md.,  May  29,  1810  ;  lived  in 
that  State  twenty  years  and  removed  to 
Virginia.  He  married  Jane  E.  Strick- 
land, from  Rockbridge  Co.,  Va.,  in 
1851  ;  in  1856,  they  came  by  team  to 
Iowa  ;  they  came  to  Johnson  Co.  Nov.  1, 
and  started  from  there  Dec.  31  with  three 
teams,  the  snow  was  deep  and  there  was 
only  a  track  for  sleds,  and  it  was  almost 
impossible  to  travel  on  wheels  with  their 
goods ;  it  was  extremely  cold  and  he 
put  his  wife  and  children  between  two 
feather  beds  to  keep  them  from  freez- 
ing; the  next  day  he  bought  two  sleds 
and  put  under  his  wagon,  after  taking 
off  the  wheels,  and  then  they  had  no 
further  trouble,  and  arrived  here  in  this 
town  July  6,  1857 ;  he  engaged  in 
butchering  and  in  grocery  and  confec- 
tionery, and  afterward  in  the  marble 
business  ;  he  has  lived  in  this  town  over 
twenty  years.  They  have  four  children 
—Theodore  N.,  William  T.,  Luella  C. 
and  AloDzo  A.,  and  lost  two  children  in 
infancy. 

XXALIANT,  GEORGE  F.,  barber. 


Vail,  J.  D.,  soda  water. 

Vanderberg,  J.  B.,  carpenter. 

Van  Metre,  J.  M.,  farmer.  Sec.  29. 

Vanorman,  J.  G.,  engineer. 

Vanosedel,  David,  carpenter. 

Vanschaick,  A.  J.,  farmer. 

VAIV  VRAXKKN,  P.  J.,  retired 
farmer  ;  born  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N  Y 
Feb.  29, 1820  ;  lived  in  New  York  State 
thirty  years,  and  then  removed  to  Lee 
Co.,  Ill,  in  1850;  remained  thereuntil 
1865,  and  then  came  to  Iowa  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  in  Tama  Co.;  he  re- 
moved to  this  city.  Married  Martha 
Ham,  from  Cambridge,  Washington  Co., 
N.  Y.,  March  4,  1841  ;  they  have  four 
children  —  Gertrude  M.,  Martha  A., 
Henry  E.  and  Peter  J. 

VARNUM,  H.  B.,  farmer.  Sec.  34 ; 
born  in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  in  April, 
1828  ;  he  lived  there  until  1851,  when 
he  went  to  California,  where  he  followed 
mining  on  the  North  Fork  of  the 
American  River ;  he  returned  to  Ver- 
mont in  1853,  and  came  to  Iowa  in 
1854 ;  he  owns  a  farm  of  320  acres. 
He  married  Miss  Carrie  Bigford,  from 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  17,  1861  ;  she 
was  born  June  2, 1832  ;  they  have  four 
children — Isaac  P.,  Charles  B.,  Minnie 
L.  and  Carrie  E. 

Vatik,  John,  Jr.,  saloon. 

Vaughn,  Thomas,  carpenter. 

Veber,  C.  R.,  dentist. 

Verall,  Frank,  laborer. 

Vertz,  I.  W.,  clerk. 

VICKORY,  WILLIAM  E.,firm 
of  Vickory  tt  Butler,  carriage  makers  ; 
born  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  April  14, 1832  ; 
removed  to  New  York  State  when  5  years 
of  age,  and  lived  there  seventeen  years ; 
learned  his  trade  in  Springfield,  Mass.; 
also  lived  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  for  two  years, 
and  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin  for  nine 
years;  came  to  Marshalltown  in  1865, 
and  since  then  has  been  engaged  in  busi- 
ness here.  He  held  the  office  of  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department  for  four 
years.  Married  Mis.s  Harriet  Rice,  from 
Toledo,  Ohio,  in  March,  1864 ;  they 
have  three  children — Frank  E.  (clerk 
in  dry  goods  store  of  A.  T.  Burchardj, 
Hattie  and  Fred. 
Visck,  Joseph,  shoemaker. 
Voarhies,  R.  B.,  conductor  Central  R.  R. 
Vogel,  R.  J.,  brewer. 

21 


576 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Vogel,  T.,  barber. 

ALLACE,  JOHN,  feed  stable. 


W 


Walker,  T.  B.,  butcher. 

Walline,  Olof,  molder. 

Wallish,  Bartel,  C  R.  R.  employe. 

Walsworth,  A.  A.,  boots  and  shoes. 

Walsworth,  S.,  retired. 

Walters,  Levi,  night  watch. 

Wanburg,  Peter,  shoemaker. 

Warner,  Ansini,  retired. 

WATERMAN,  MOSES,  firm  A. 
H.  Neidig  &  Co.,  publishers  Marshall 
Republican;  born  in  Vermilion  Co., 
Ind.,  July  25,  184-^.  When  the  war 
broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the  11th  Regt. 
Ind.,  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  I;  was  in  the 
battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Port 
Gibson  and  Champion-  Hills ;  he  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Vicksburg,  and  was 
paroled,  and  was  again  taken  prisoner  in 
Louisiana,  and  after  two  months  was  re- 
leased on  Christmas  Day,  1863;  was  in 
the  service  three  years.  After  the  war 
came  to  Iowa,  and  lived  in  Des  Moines 
eight  years ;  learned  the  printing  busi- 
ness, associated  with  Stewart  &  Speed, 
firm  being  Stewart,  Waterman  &  Speed  ; 
they  published  the  Weekly  Revieio 
which  was  afterward  merged  into  the 
Daily  and  Weekly  Republican.  He 
came  here  in  1873,  and  purchased  an 
interest  with  T.  E.  McCracken  in  the 
Republican  in  1874;  he  became  asso- 
ciated with  Mr.  A.  H.  Neidig,  the  firm 
being  A.  H.  Neidig  &  Co.,  Mr.  Water- 
man being  business  manager  and  local 
editor.  Married  Miss  George  Etta  E. 
Cutter,  from  Weston,  Mass.,  Feb.  11, 
1872.  They  have  two  children— Edith 
M.    and  Richard  W. 

Waters,  Charles,  farmer. 

WATERS,  \\.  R.,  J>R.,  physician 
and  surgeon ,  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  19,  1819  ;  he  received  his  edu- 
cation in  Ohio,  and  studied  medi- 
cine and  graduated  at  the  Starling 
Medical  College,  Columbus,  Ohio,  in 
1847  ;  practiced  his  profession  there  for 
some  years,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  his 
own  conveyance,  and  was  twenty-two 
days  on  the  way,  and  arrived  here  in 
July,  1854,  and  engaged  in  practicing 
medicine  ;  there  were  only  200  voters  in 
the  county  then.  He  has  practiced  his 
profession    longer   than    any  physician 


here — over  twenty-four  years  ;  there 
were  plenty  of  Indians  here  when  he 
came.  He  was  First  Assistant  Suraeon 
in  the  32d  I.  V.  I.  He  has  held  office 
of  Coroner  of  this  county  eight  years, 
and  was  physician  to  County  Infirmary 
for  six  years.  Married  Miss  Eleanor 
Barrows,  from  Vermont,  Dec.  1,  1842  ; 
they  have  three  children  —  Emmet, 
Imogine  and  Celia  ;  they  lost  one  son — 
Albertis  ;  he  was  in  the  army  in  44th 
I.  V.  L,  and  died  at  La  Grange  from 
disease  contracted  in  the  army. 

Waters,  D.  E.,  tinner. 

WEATHERL.Y,  W.  H.,  real  es 
tate  ;  born  in  Stokes  Co.,  N.  C.,  Sept. 
27,  1824  ;  removed  to  Tennessee  when  • 
eight  years  of  age,  and  afterwai'd  to 
Indiana,  where  he  lived  until  1849. 
He  came  to  Iowa  driving  an  ox  team, 
and  was  twenty-nine  days  on  the  way  ; 
arrived  in  this  county  Oct.  23,  1850 ; 
located  in  the  town  of  Bangor ;  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  in  this  county,  only 
two  families  in  that  town.  He  went 
into  the  woods  and  chopped  timber  and 
built  his  cabin ;  the  first  year  they  came, 
for  six  weeks  they  had  no  flour  or  meal 
in  the  house ;  on  account  of  floods  could 
not  get  to  mill  ;  he  was  gone  thirteen 
days  to  mill  to  Iowa  City  at  one  time. 
Then,  realizing  that  necessity  is  the 
mother  of  invention,  he  and  his  man 
built  a  mill  themselves,  was  a  success  in 
its  way,  and  ground  most  of  the  corn  in 
the  settlement.  He  was  elected  Sheriff" 
of  this  county  in  1853,  and  served  four^ 
years  ;  was  appointed  Special  Sheriff  to 
serve  summons  enjoining  the  Sheriff 
from  removing  the  Records  during  the 
County  Seat  trouble,  and  was  appointed 
Sheriff  of  the  county  in  1859  to  fill  va- 
cancy. He  knew  every  man  in  the 
county,  and  where  he  lived  for  years ; 
and  perhaps  no  one  now  is  more  famil- 
iar with  the  county  and  its  people.  He 
was  in  the  army,  volunteered  Aug.  17, 
18G1  ;  he  and  Mr.  Forster,  of  Leclaire, 
raised  Company  B,  11th  I.  V.  I.,  and 
after  the  regiment  was  organized  Mr. 
Weatherly  was  elected  and  commissioned 
First  Lieutenant;  was  in  battles  of  Shi- 
loh, luka,  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  many 
other  battles  and  skirmishes,  and  was 
slightly  wounded  at  luka,  and  was 
knocked  down  by  concussion  of  cannon 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


ball.  After  the  war,  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  this  county  in  18(54,  and  has 
also  held  various  town  and  school  offices. 
He  marrit'd  Miss  Kliza  Edwards,  from 
fStokes  Co.,  N.  C,  Oct.  24,  1845.  They 
have  five  children —  Albert  W.,  who 
was  in  Co.  G,  44th  I.  V.  I ;  Amos 
Franklin,  who  was  in  Co.  I,  Gth  I.  V. 
C  ;  died  while  attending  college  March 
11,    18G5;    Thomas   C,    Huldah    and 

W  E  B  N  T  E  R,  CATHARIXE 

E.,  MRS.,  formerly  Miss  Catharine 
E.  Dunn  ;  was  born  in  Piqua,  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1824,  and  lived  there 
twenty  years ;  removed  to  La  Porte, 
Ind.  She  married  Keuben  H.  Webster, 
from  Virginia,  Dec.  23,  1849,  and  they 
came  to  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  in  Oct., 
1856,  her  husband  having  come  previ- 
ously, and  had  the  house  built  where 
she  now  lives,  carting  the  lumber  from 
Iowa  City  ;  he  then  went  after  his  wife  ; 
they  were  among  the  earliest  settlers 
here ;  at  that  time  wheat  and  corn  were 
growing  around  where  they  now  live, 
which  was  all  a  farm.  He  was  engaged 
in  dealing  in  lands.  He  died  Dec.  3, 
1863,  leaving  three  sons  and  three 
daughters--  Mattie  Parker,  Belle  Wool- 
ston,  Byron,  Allie  E.,  Oliver,  Charles 
and  Wilbern  ;  she  lost  one  child  in  in- 
fancy. 

Wellish,  L.  B. 

Wells,  Fred  T.,  grocer. 

Welsh,  J.  J.,  grain  buyer. 

Westlake,  G.  W.,  farmer. 

Whinnery,  E.  W.,  clerk. 

Whipple,  J.  V.  B.,  carpenter. 

AVhite,  Julius,  brewer. 

White,  Patrick,  employe  Central  B   R. 

White,  W.  C,  teamster. 

Whitenack,  B.  H.,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Whitney,  Frank,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

WHITTOX,  (GEORGE,  mer 
chant,  dealer  in  dry  goods,  clothing, 
boots  and  shoes  ;  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
June  20,  1842,  and  came  to  Ft.  Madi- 
son, Iowa,  in  infancy ;  he  received  his 
education  near  there,  and  afterward  went 
to  Council  Bluffs  and  was  clerk  in  store  ; 
then  attended  commercial  college  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  at  Fort 
Madison ;  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1866,  and  has  been  engaged  in  business 
here  for  the  past  twelve   years.     Mar- 


ried Miss  Mattie  J.  Benedict,  from  Con- 
necticut, Dec.  31,  1870. 

Widdy,  John,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Wilbur,  A.,  money  loaner. 

Wilbur,  Andrew,  clerk. 

Wilbur,  D.  C,  furniture. 

Wiley,  H.  D.,  grocer. 

WILL,  GEORGE,  firm  of  McBride 
&  Will,  druggists,  No.  1  Kast  Main 
street;  born  in  Orange,  Ashland  Co., 
Ohio,  March  31,  1844  ;  lived  in  Ohio 
eighteen  years  ;  came  to  Marshalltown 
and  engaged  in  drug  business  with  Dr. 
Geo.  Glick,  and  was  with  him  over  nine 
years ;  then  he  associated  with  W.  S. 
McBride,  M.  D.,  in  the  drug  business. 
He  married  Miss  Christine  Zeigenfelder, 
from  Troy,  Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1871  ; 
they  have  two  children — Edward  Clif- 
ton and  Florence ;  they  lost  one  daughter 
— Emma. 

WIEEARD,  HIRAM,  dealer  in 
hides,  wool,  pelts  and  furs  ;  born  near 
Portland,  Cumberland  Co.,  Me.,  Novem- 
ber, 1829  ;  lived  in  Maine  twenty-one 
years  and  came  to  (jalena,  111.,  in  1852; 
lived  there  four  years,  then  he  engaged 
in  the  tanning  business  in  Kentucky, 
with  E.  A.  Collins,  of  Galena  ;  and  Mr 
Willard  went  to  Kentucky  and  managed 
the  business  until  1866,  when  he  came 
to  Marshalltown  and  engaged  in  the 
leather  and  saddlery  hardware  trade 
(firm  of  Willard  &  Grummej,  and  after- 
ward continued  the  business  alone  ;  in 
1868,  he  built  the  block  where  he  now 
does  business  ;  his  sales  that  year,  1868, 
amounted  to  over  $85,000  ;  in  1875,  he 
went  to  the  Black  Hills  with  Prof  W. 
P.  Jenny,  in  the  expedition  sent  there 
by  the  Government ;  he  went  there 
again  in  1876.  Has  held  the  office  of 
City  Councilman.  He  married  Miss 
Matilda  Townsend,  from  London,  Eng., 
May,  1856  ;  they  have  three  children — 
Frank  H.,  born"  Oct.  14,  1858  ;  Mary 
Alice,  June  7,  1862  ;  Leroy  Randall, 
July  1,  1863. 

Williams,  B.  C,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

WILLIAMS,  H.  P.,  abstracts  of 
title,  real  estate  and  insurance  agent ; 
born  in  Erie  Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  22,  1837; 
he  lived  in  Pennsylvania  until  1856, 
when  he  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  dry  goods 
store ;  h§  was  one  of  the  early  settlers 


578 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


here  ;  came  to  Marshalltown  and  was 
appointed  Deputy  Clerk  ot'  the  Courts. 
Was  in  the  army ;  enlisted  in  the  IHth 
Iowa  V.  I.,  us  Orderly  Sergeant  of  Co. 
H  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of  disa- 
bility. He  was  appointed  Deputy 
County  Treasurer  from  1862  to  1864, 
and  again  enlisted  in  the  army  in  the 
•l-lth  Iowa  V.  I.,  and  was  commissioned 
First  Lieutenant  Co.  G.  Returned  here 
at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Courts  of  this  county,  in 
the  Fall  of  186S.and  held  that  office  for 
two  years ;  also  held  office  of  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  two  years.  He  married 
Miss  Ida  Lacey,  from  Connecticut,  in 
August,  1861 ;  theyiiave  three  children 
— Susie,  Nellie  and  Addie. 

WILLIAMS,  J.  li.,  Cashier  and 
Manager  of  the  City  National  Bank ; 
born  in  Randolph,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  May  3,  1831  ;  when  3  years  of  age, 
he  removed  to  Erie  Co.,  Penn.,  and 
lived  in  that  State  twenty  years,  and 
came  to  Marshall  Co.  in  September, 
1854 ;  was  one  of  the  early  settlers 
here;  he  taught  school  and  opened  up  a 
farm  in  the  west  part  of  the  county. 
He  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court,  and  held  that  office  for  fourteen 
years,  being  elected  by  the  people  for 
six  successive  terms,  when  he  declined 
to  accept  a  further  nomination  for  the 
office  in  1868.  Jan.  1,  1869,  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law,  and 
and  continued  until  1873,  when  he  be- 
came interested  with  several  old  settlers 
in  the  organization  of  the  City  National 
Bank,  and  he  was  chosen  chief  manager. 
He  represented  this  county  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1872  and  1873,  and  was 
the  first  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Marshall- 
town,  aad  has  hele  other  town  and 
school  offices.  Married  Miss  Jennie  N. 
Bagley,  from  Kingsville,  Ashtabula  Co., 
Ohio,  in  June,  1858;  they  have  four 
children — Gertrude,  Frank,  Fred  and 
Lee. 

Williams,  R.  H.,  painter. 

IVILLIGROD,  EDWARD,  of 
the  firm  of  W.  C.  Page  &  Co.,  dry 
goods  ;  born  in  Grerraany  May  8,  1840  ; 
came  to  America  in  1 849 ;  went  to 
Mansfield,  Ohio.  He  married  Miss 
Kate  Glick,  daughter  of  the  late  Mrs. 
Glick ;  they  came    to    Iowa,     and    ar- 


rived in  Marshalltown  in  July, 
1854,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers,  and  is  the  only  merchant  in 
business  now  that  was  here  then  ;  used 
to  cart  his  goods  from  Iowa  City,  Mus- 
catine and  Davenport ;  they  had  but 
little  demand  for  dry  goods  ;  the  wants 
of  the  people  were  confined  to  their 
needs ;  he  bought  a  lot  and  a  log 
house  for  $1(10,  and  lived  there  happily 
and  contentedly ;  they  have  four  chil- 
dren— Edward,  Jr.,  Julius,  Nellie  and 
George  ;  they  have  lost  one  daughter 
—  Mav  Julia. 

WILSON,  NELSON  M.,  occulist 
and  aurist ;  born  in  Putnam  Co.,  Ind., 
July  23,  1847,  and  removed  to  Illinois 
when  3  years  of  age,  and  received  his 
education.  Was  in  the  army  ;  enlisted 
in  the  137th  111.  V.  L,  Co.  I,  and  was 
slightly  wounded  at  Memphis,  Tenn. 
He  studied  his  profession,  and  came  to 
Marshalltown  in  1875.  He  owns  160 
acres  of  laud,  and  has  a  house  and  lot 
here.  He  married  Mrs.  Phebe  D. 
Dickey,  from  Ohio,  June  11, 1876. 

Windish,  J.  D.,  farmer. 

Winibrener,  J.  H.,  harness  maker. 

Witherspoon,  J.  K.,  horse  doctor. 

Wooil,  I.,  farmer. 

WOODBURY,  F.  J  ,  of  the  First 
National  Bank ;  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  Oct.  28,  1833 ;  lived  there 
until  he  was  7  years  of  age,  and  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Illinois,  and  lived  in 
Peoria,  Schuyler  and  Kane  Counties ; 
came  to  Iowa  and  to  Marshalltown  in 
1854.  His  father  built  the  mill  and  he 
was  engaged  in  running  it;  they  were 
among  the  early  settlers  here.  He  was 
in  the  army  in  the  23d  I.  V.  I. ;  was  in 
the  battles  of  Port  Gibson,  Black  River 
Bridge,  siege  of  Vicksburg  ;  was  slightly 
wounded  at  Black  River  Bridge.  Re- 
turned here,  and  engaged  in  business. 
He  owns  the  Woodbuiy  Mills,  and  is 
Director  in  the  First  National  Bank. 
Married  Miss  Martha  Wallan,  from 
Ohio,  in  1856  ;  they  have  three  children 
— Frank,  George  and  Georgiana ;  lost 
one  daughter — Ida  B. 

WOODBURY,  ORENELEAF 
jfl.,  HON.,  deceased  ;  born  in  Wash- 
ington, Vt.,  July  12,  1811  ;  at  the  age 
of    3   years,     his    parents    moved    to 


MARSHALLTOWN  AND  LINN  TOWNSHIP. 


579 


Salisbury,  N.  H.,  where  he  passed  his 
boyhood  and  young  manhood  up  to  his 
18th  year  ;  from  there  he  went  to  Spen- 
cerport,  N.  Y.,  and  engaged  in  tlie  mer- 
cantile and  grain  business.  Here,  at 
age  of  22,  he  was  married  to  the  wife 
with  whom  he  lived  for  forty  years.  In 
the  year  1840,  having  lost  his  store  and 
stock  of  goods  by  fire,  and  being  wholly 
without  means,  he  resolved  to  push  to 
to  the  West  to  retrieve  his  fortune ;  he 
came  to  Peoria,  111.,  and  with  that  as 
headquarters,  operated  in  dift'erent  ways 
aud  places,  sometimes  in  the  building  of 
mills,  sometimes  in  agriculture  ;  in  1854, 
he  removed  to  Marshalltown,  then  but  a 
small  collection  of  shanties,  and  giving 
no  visible  promise  of  the  thriving  city  it  has 
since  become ;  he  at  once  began  that  en- 
ergetic career  that  so  distinguished  him, 
and  which  made  him  a  leader  of  the  peo- 
ple up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  His  first 
enterprise  was  to  build  the  mill  which 
bears  his  name,  on  the  river  north  of 
the  city  ;  this  was  the  first  flouring-mill 
in  Central  Iowa,  and  for  a  long  time  the 
only  one  this  side  of  Oskaloosa  and  Ce- 
dar Rapids ;  it  gave  Marshalltown  its 
first  item  of  commercial  importance,  and 
was  the  foundation  of  Mr.  Woodbury's 
fortune  as  well ;  he  subsequently  built 
two  mills  in  Hardin  Co.,  at  Xenia 
and  Alden.  which  enterprise  had  a 
great  eifect  upon  the  property  of 
the  country  roundabout ;  we  next  find 
him  laying  out  Woodbury's  Addi- 
tion to  Marshalltown,  a  plat  of  forty 
acres,  out  of  which,  with  his  character- 
istic foresight,  he  sold  lots  at  low 
prices  in  order  that  settlers  might  be  in- 
duced to  locate  in  the  newly  growing 
town  ;  he  worked  with  all  the  determi- 
nation of  his  character  for  the  location 
of  the  county  seat  at  Marshalltown,  and 
was  a  strong  factor  in  securing  it ;  up  to 
this  time,  railroads  had  made  slow  prog- 
ress from  the  Mississippi  River  west- 
ward ;  to  Mr.  Woodbury,  more  than  any 
other  man,  is  due  the  transfer  of  the 
land  grant  from  the  Iowa  Air  Line  to 
the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River 
Railroad  Co.  (now  Chicago  ct  North- 
Western),  in  which  he  became  Vice  Pres- 
ident ;  he  spent  several  years  of  arduous 
labor  in  securing  its  early  completion  to 
this  city,  himself  grading  thirty  miles  of 


it  ;  the  first  National  Bank  of  Marshall- 
town,  for  a  long  time  the  only  bank  in 
in  Central  Iowa,  was  founded  by  hini  ; 
the  woolen  factory  (Marshall  Woolen 
Mills),  a  fine  stone  building,  and  fitted 
up  with  the  most  approved  kinds  of  ma- 
chinery, was  another  of  his  enterprises, 
but  it  was  unfortunately  destroyed  by 
fire ;  he  built  a  fine  public  hall,  and  in- 
deed, the  monuments  to  his  indefatigable 
activity  and  public  spirit  are  everywhere  to 
be  seen  in  the  city  that  accords  to  him  the 
title  of  father  to  prosperity.  In  1866,  he 
was  a  leading  candidate  for  Congress  in 
the  "old  Sixth  District."  He  was  gen- 
erous to  the  public  in  all  its  eflforts, 
and  equally  so  to  the  private  citizen, 
who  had  occasion  to  lay  claim  to  his 
sympathies.  He  was,  at  one  period  of 
his  life,  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  and  though  not  an  habitual 
church-goer,  testified,  previous  to  his 
death,  a  faith  in  the  merits  of  religion  ; 
he  was  strictly  temperate  in  all  things, 
was  genial  in  his  intercourse  with  his 
friends,  and  stanch  and  true  to  all  his 
relations  ;  about  three  years  before  his 
death,  his  health  perceptibly  failed  ;  he 
died  on  Monday,  the  14th  of  April, 1873 ; 
his  obsequies  were  held  in  Woodbury's 
Hall,  on  Wednesday,  April  16th.  Rev. 
Mr.  Bray  officiating  ;  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity, of  which  he  was  a  member,  took 
charge  of  the  exercises,  and  he  was  laid 
to  rest,  honored  and  lamented  by  all. 

Woodring,  N.,  teamster. 

Wood,  N.  W.,  lumber. 

Woods,  W.  W.,  marble  man. 

Woodsworth,  C.  S.,  lumber. 

WOODWORTH,  W.  C,  firm  of 

Woodworth  k  Son,  lumber  dealers  ;  born 
in  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  7,  1817  ; 
lived  in  the  State  of  New  York  for  forty 
years ;  engaged  in  the  mercantile  and 
milling  bu.siness  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1857, 
and  located  at  Mt.  Pleasant;  in  1862, 
represented  Henry  Co.  in  the  State  Leg- 
islature; afterward,  removed  to  Fort 
Madison,  and  came  to  Marshalltown  in 
1866 ;  went  into  the  mercantile  business  ; 
he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  with 
his  son  Aug.  28,  1871.  He  has  just 
received  the  nomination  for  Supervisor 
of  this  county.  Married  Miss  Ann  E. 
Somers,  from  Susquehanna  Co.,  Penn., 
May  27,  1840  ;  they  have  two  children 


580 


DIRECTORl  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY ; 


— Calvin  S.  and  Charles  E.,  and  have 
lost  two  children — Mary  S.  and  William 
W. 
WORLEY,  NATHAN,  firm  of 
Nathan  Worley  &  Sons ;  born  in  Darke 
Co.,  Ohio,  March  1,  1819  ;  his  flither, 
Nathan  Worley,  was  born  in  1792,  and 
prepared  himself  for  the  ministry  in  the 
Christian  Church ;  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Conference  in  1819,  and  continued 
a  member  of  the  same  Conference  and 
preached  for  fifty-two  years.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Adams ;  she  was  | 
born  in  1794,  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  the  i 
first  female  born  in  that  city,  eighty-  [ 
four  years  ago,  which  was  then  called  I 
Fort  Washington  ;  she  is  still  living  in 
Covington,  Ohio ;  her  husband  died  in 
1871  ;  they  had  four  sons  and  two 
daughters.  Their  son  Nathan,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  evinced  a  disposition 
for  trading  at  a  very  early  age,  and  com- 
menced buying  and  selling  Feb.  8, 1827 ; 
he  afterward  removed  to  Dayton,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 
there  for  ten  years,  and  removed  to 
Manheim,    Penn.,   and    engaged  in  the 


mercantile  business,  and  was  actively 
identified  with  the  interests  of  the  city 
and  county  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  ; 
he  represented  his  district  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  held  the  office  of  Mayor 
of  Manheim  for  three  years  ;  also  held 
other  town  and  school  offices.  After 
continuing  in  business  there  for  twenty- 
six  and  a  half  years,  he  came  to  Iowa 
and  located  in  Marshalltown,  and  associ- 
ating his  sons  with  him,  he  established 
the  present  hardware  house  of  Nathan 
Worley  &  Sons ;  he  has  been  engaged 
in  business  for  fitty-two  years  and  longer 
than  any  merchant  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River ;  he  is  also  much  interested 
in  agricultural  pursuits  and  owns  a  farm 
of  640  acres  in  Logan  Tp.  He  married 
Miss  Susan  Arndt,  from  Manheim, 
Penn.,  in  March,  1846  ;  they  have  two 
sons  and  one  daughter — John,  Mary  E. 
and  Nathan. 

Wrigley,  J.  H.,  employe  C.  R.  R. 

Wyllis,  J.  C,  attorney. 

YOUNGERMAN,  FRANK,  employe 
C.  R.  R. 


LISCOMB    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLARD,  C.  T.,  farmer.  Sec.  28  ;  P. 
0.  Lamoille. 

ALI.GOOD,  H.  C,  dealer  in  hard- 
ware, stoves  and  tinware,  Liscomb  ;  born 
in  North  Carolina  in  1848  ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1 852.  Holds  the  offices 
of  Town  Clerk  and  Secretary  of  the 
School  Board.  Owns  eighty  acres  of 
land.  He  married  Miss  R.  Steelsman 
in  Nov.,  1875  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  ; 
have  one  child — Clinton  J. 

Allison,  A.,  st^nck  dealer,  Liscomb. 

ARIflSTRONU,  B.  A.,  dealer  in 
general  niercliaiidise,  Ijiscomb ;  born  in 
Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111.,  in  1843;  came  to 
to  this  State  in  1855,  and  to  this  county 
in  1863  ;  has  held  the  offices  of  Town 
Clerk  and  Postmaster  eight  years.  He 
married  Miss  M.  Howorth  in  1866  ;  she 
was  born  in  Keokuk  Co.,  Iowa ;  have 
four  children — Jesse  L.,  Frank  T.,  Leo- 
na  C.  and  Nettie  R. 

Armstrong,  J.  C,  far.  S.  7 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 


Arney,  G.  W.,far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 
Auringer,  F.  V.,  laborer,  Liscomb. 
Auringer,  J.  A.,  laborer,  Liscomb. 

BARBER,  WILLIAM,  lumber  dealer, 
Liscomb. 

BATTIX,  W.,  farmer,  Sec.  22 ;  P. 
Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Columbiana  Co., 
Ohio,  June  24,  1832  ;  came  to  this  State 
in  Nov.,  1856,  and  to  this  county  in 
1857  ;  owns  190  acres  of  land.  He  has 
held  the  offices  of  Assessor,  School  Di- 
rector, Supervisor  and  Judge  of  the 
County  Court.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth B.  Malmsberry  Dec.  31,  1857; 
she  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
have  eight  children — Horace  M.,  Isaac 
H.,  Sarah  E.,  John  W.,  Margaret  L., 
James  F..  Jennie  M.  and  Cora  M. 

BANH,  HKXRY,  farmer,  Sec.  13  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  West- 
moreland Co.,  Penn.,  Dec.  31,  1826  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1855  ;  owns  320 
acres  of  land.     He  has  held  the  office 


LISCOMB  TOWNSHIP. 


581 


Scliool  Director.  He  married  Mrs. 
Sarali  J.  Doty  Dec.  25,  1877  ;  she  was 
born  in  Indiana ;  he  has  three  children  by 
a  former  marriage — Mary  A.,  Sebbens 
and  Sherman  F.  Mrs.  Bush  has  one 
child  by  a  former  marriage — Blanche  E. 
Doty. 

Bush,  L.,  far.,  S.   1(3 ;   P.  0.  Liscomb. 

BEATY,  P.  !>.,  farmer,  Sec.  14  ;  P. 
0.  Liscomb;  born  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  March,  183U  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1854;  owns  160  acres  of  land.  Has 
held  the  offices  of  Town  Trustee  and 
School  Director.  He  married  Miss  Ann 
Braddock  in  1848 ;  she  was  born  in 
Knox  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  one  son — Silas 
M.  He  came  to  Towa  by  his  own  con- 
veyance, and  for  a  table  he  took  a  part 
of  his  wagon  box  to  make  one  and  used 
rails  to  make  his  bedsteads. 

Becker,  J.  M.,  far.,  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0.  Lis- 
comb. 

Beeson,  R.  B.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Beeson,  B.  A.,  Marshalltown. 

BEEISOX,  SAMUEL,,  retired 
farmer,  Liscomb  ;  born  in  Ohio  in  1815  ; 
came  to  this  State  in  1854,  and  to  this 
county  in  1855  ;  owns  200  acres  of 
land.  Has  served  as  President  of  the 
Board  of  Supervisors,  and  of  the  School 
Board,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
many  years.  He  married  Miss  Martha 
Smith  in  1837  ;  she  was  born  in  Beaver 
Co.,  Penn.;  has  ten  children — Byron  A. 
Sarah  A.,  Wilson  B.,  Annie  E.,  Rachel 
A.,  Susan  A.,  Chalkley  M.,  Lewis  J., 
Mary  A.,  Laura  V.,  Byron  A.  and  Wil- 
son B.  Enlisted  in  the  service  of  his 
country  in  the  late  war  ;  the  latter  was 
taken  prisoner  and  confined  in  Ander- 
sonville  and  at  Florence  and  suffered  all 
that  man  could  suffer  and  live. 

Berry,  J.,  far..  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Benford,  S.,  Jr.,  far.,  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Boyd,  W.  D.,  farmer,  Liscomb. 

Bueghly,  D.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  O.    Liscomb. 

Butterbaugh,  J.  W.,  far.,  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0. 
Liscomb. 

CAEHOUX,  «.  W.,  farmer,  S.  14  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Bedford 
Co.,  Penn.,  in  1834 ;  came  to  this 
couiity  in  1864  ;  owns  320  acres.  Has 
served  as  School  Director.  He  married 
Miss  Martha  JacoVjs  in  1855  ;  she  was 
burn  in  Alleghany  Co.,  Md.;    has  four 


children — Zilpha    E.,  J.    Scott,  Albion 
B.  and    Ivy  B.;    lost   one  son — Will- 
iam H, 
CHADWICK,  R.,  far.,  S.  3 ;    P.  0. 
Liscomb. 

COUETER,  SAMUEE,  far.,  Sec. 
14;  P.  O.  Liscomb;  born  in  Mercer 
Co.,  Penn.,  Nov.  14,  1825;  came  to 
this  county  March  28, 1855  ;  owns  240 
acres  of  land.  He  married  Maria  Bash 
June  13,  1848;  she  was  born  in  West- 
moreland Co.,  Penn.;  has  eleven  chil- 
dren— Francis  M.,  Emily  R.,  Priscilla 
Jerusha,  Moses,  Aaron,  JuHa,  Louisa, 
Uriah  L.,  Florence  and  Laura  M. 

Cross,  C,  laborer,  Liscomb. 

DAWSON,  GEORGE,  retired  farmer, 
S.  23  ;  P.  O    Liscomb. 

BARIVER,  J.  H.,  minister  and  deal- 
er in  general  merchandise,  Liscomb ; 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1841  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  March,  1878.  He  was  li- 
censed to  preach  in  1862,  and  ordained 
in  1863.  He  married  Miss  M.  Wood- 
row  in  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  Penn.syl- 
vania  ;  has  seven  children — Mary  E., 
William  H.,  Martha  J.,  George  W.,  Ida 
M.,  Charles  S.  and  Baby. 

DETRICK,  J.  J.,  restaurant  and 
confectionery,  Liscomb  ;  born  in  Ohio 
in  1833;  came  to  this  county  in  1855. 
He  enlisted  in  the  13th  Iowa  V.  I.,  and 
served  until  the  regiment  was  mustered 
out,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Atlanta  and  many  others  and 
in  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea.  He 
married  Miss  Sophronia  Kellogg  in 
1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  Doc.  26, 
1830  ;  has  seven  children  living — Het- 
tie  J.,  born  Feb.  0,  1856;  Mary  L., 
born  Aug.  20,  1859;  Sylvan  E.,  born 
June  29,  1866  ;  Leon  0.,  born  Aug.  9, 
1869  ;  Minnie  E.,  born  Feb.  6,  1872  ; 
Viola  A.,  born  Nov.  6,  1876;  Freddie, 
born  April  6,1878;  lost  three — Frankie, 
died  Dee.  5,  1861  ;  George  W.,  died 
March  10,  1862;  Jesse  E.,  died  June 
6,  1864. 

DINNEE,  E.,  retired  farmer,  Liscomb ; 
born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Tenn.,  in  1821  ; 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  White 
Co.,  111.,  in  1834,  and  came  to  this  coun- 
ty in  1852  ;  spent  two  years  in  Califor- 
nia ;  he  owns  307  acres  of  land.  He 
married  Miss  Eliza  J.  Cain  in  1845;  .she 
was  born  in  White  Co.,  111.,  and  died  in 


582 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


1873;    he    ufterward     married   Harriet 
Houland  in  1876  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  ; 
has  seven  children — John,  Susan,  Nancy, 
Greorge,  William,  Caroline  and  Mary. 
Dunn.  W.,  carpenter,  Liseomb. 

EARLEY,  H,  W.,  livery  stable,  Lis- 
eomb. 

Early,  J.,  Sr.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Liseomb. 

Ernes,  E.  B.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Liseomb. 

EMERY,  S.  A.,  Postmaster,  Jiis- 
comb  ;  born  in  Carroll,  Chautauqua  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1840  ;  came  to  this  State  in 
1869  ;  hafi  been  engaged  in  general  mer- 
chandising, and  at  present  holds  the 
office  of  Postmaster.  He  married  Emily 
C.  Martin  in  1866  ;  she  was  born  in 
Allegheny  Co.,  Penn.;  has  three  children 
— Allen,  Leroy  and  Mahlon. 

FOUCH,  PETER,  far.  S.  11 ;  P.  0. 
Liseomb. 

GARWOOl),  G.  W.,  farmer.  Sec. 
24: ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Port- 
age Co.,  Ohio,  in  1835 ;  came  to  this 
county  in  April,  1868;  owns  160  acres 
of  land.  Enlisted  in  the  12th  111.  V.  I. 
in  the  late  war,  and  served  three  years 
and  three  months.  He  has  held  the  of- 
fice of  School  Director  and  Justice  of 
the  Peace.  He  married  Miss  Susan 
Gould  in  1869,  she  was  born  in  New 
York  ;  has  four  children — Willie,  Nor- 
ma, Harry  and  Baby. 

GEORGE,  FRED.,  section  boss,  Lis- 
eomb. 

Gould,  J.  E.,  livery  stable,  Liseomb. 

Gray,  R.  B.,  carpenter,  Liseomb. 

Green,  Henry,  lumber  dealer. 

Green,  H.  M.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Liseomb. 

GRIFFITH,  I.  L-.,  farmer  Sec.  20  ; 
P.  0.  Albion;  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1820  ;  came  to  this  State  in 
185-1,  and  to  this  county  in  1855  ;  owns 
160  acres  of  land.  He  married  Mar- 
tha Grifiith  in  1852  ;  she  was  born  in 
Ohio. 

HAUSER,  JOHN,  Sr.,  farmer,  S.  17 ; 
P.  0.  Liseomb. 
HAUSER,  JOHN,  JR.,  farmer, 
Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Indi- 
ana in  1825  ;  came  to  this  county  with 
his  own  team,  and  brought  his  milch 
cows  with  him  ;  he  owns  686  acres  of 
land  all  fenced.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Arney  in  1847  ;  she  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana ;  have  eight  children — George, 
Eliza,  Sarah   A.,  William,   Wiley,  Eu- 


dora,    Lemert  and   Corena ;  lost  two — 
Luella  and  Caroline  E. 

Herbert,  W.,  billiard  hall. 

HERRICK,  W.  H.,  raiser  and  dealer 
in  thorough -bred  Poland-China  hogs  ; 
P.  0.  Liseomb ;  was  born  in  Brattle- 
boro.  Vt.,  in  1816  ;  he  came  to  this 
county  in  1869.  (His  grandfather  was 
a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
his  father  a  volunteer  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  was  one  of  the  defenders  at 
Sackett's  Harbor.)  He  was  four  years 
Steward  of  the  Poor  Farm  of  Marshall  Co., 
and  when  he  assumed  the  office,  it  was 
run  at  a  large  expense  to  the  county, 
and  under  his  management  it  was  made 
self  supporting  and  a  source  of  profit, 
besides  large  improvements  in  buildings,, 
fencing,  and  this,  too,  with  double  the 
number  of  inmates  ;  he  one  year  sold 
forty-three  hogs  that  averaged  518  lbs. ; 
he  resigned  his  office  greatly  to  the  re- 
gret of  the  citizens  and  tax-payers  of 
the  county,  and  since  that  time  has  oc- 
cupied himself  in  raising  thorough-bred 
Poland-China  hogs,  of  which  he 
always  has  a  large  stock  of  the  choicest 
kind.  He  married  Miss  Amanda  A, 
Burdick  in  1843 ;  she  was  born  in  Ver- 
mont, and  died  in  April,  1860,  leaving 
one  child — Mary  C.  now  the  wife  of 
Rev.  Charles  E.  Hawkins,  of  Antwerp, 
N.  Y.  ;  he  afterward  married  Miss  Al- 
thea  Dewey  in  1869  ;  she  was  born  in 
New  York  ;  her  father  was  also  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812. 

HICirCjrINS,  J.,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  31,  Felix  Tp.,  Grundy  Co. ; 
P.  0.  Liseomb ;  born  in  Henry  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1833  ;  he  lived  in  Washington, 
and  Mahaska  counties  this  State,  pre- 
vious to  his  removal  to  Hardin  Co., 
where  his  father  was  the  first  settler  ;  he 
owns  551  acres  of  land,  mostly  in  Mar- 
shall and  Grundy  Counties.  He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  J.  Davis  in  1857;  she 
was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  died  on 
Dec.  6,  1871  ;  he  afterward  married 
Ella  Middletcn  June  21,  1875  ;  she  was 
born  in  Owen  Co.,  Ind. ;  have  nine 
children — Mary  M.,  William  A.,  Samuel 
M.,  Joseph  L.,  Sarah  A.,  Thomas  F.,. 
James  D.,  Jesse  E.  and  Charles  F. ; 
lost  two. 

HOBSON,  S.  C,  homoeopathic  phy- 
sician, Liseomb  ;  born  in  Iowa  in  1849  ; 


LISCOMB  TOWNSHIP. 


58a 


came  to  this  county  in  1875  ;  owns  forty 
acres  of  land.  He  married  Miss  Clara  M. 
Owens  in  1877;  she  was  born  in  Iowa. 

Hopkins,  C.  M.,  laborer,  Liscomb. 

Howland,  C.  D.,  real  estate  dealer. 

JOHNSON,  J.,  far.,  S.  16;   P.  0.  Lis- 
comb. 

KELLY,  A.,  far.,   S.   1  ;    P.  0.  Lis- 
comb. 

KOONTZ,  EZRA,  farmer.  Sec.  21  ; 
P.  0.  Albion ;  born  in  Maryland  in 
1831  ;  came  to  this  county  July  10, 
1871;  owns  160  acres  of  land;  has 
served  as  president  of  the  School  Board 
and  Director.  He  married  Miss  High- 
ley  Shaw  in  1854  ;  she  was  born  in 
Alleghany  Co.,  Md.  ;  have  ten  children 
— Harry  T.,  William  F.,  Joseph  M., 
Ezra  E.,  Mary  J.,  John  S.,  Jacob  C, 
George  W.,  Exie  L.  and  Charles  F. 

KOOIVTZ,  JOHN  D.,  farmer.  Sec. 
16;  P.  0.  Liscomb;  born  in  Maryland 
in  1824: ;  came  to  this  county  in  June, 
1877;  owns  160  acres  of  land.  He 
married  Cynthia  Wright  in  1869  ;  she 
was  born  in  Maryland  ;  have  two  chil- 
dren— Wilford  C.  and  Edith,  and  one 
daughter  by  a  previous  marriage. 

LOUCKS,  O.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Lis- 
comb. 

L-EFEVER,  OSCAR  T.,  farmer, 
Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb  ;  born  in  San- 
dusky Co.,  Ohio,  in  1840  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  May,  1876  ;  owns  107  acres 
of  land.  He  enlisted  in  the  9th  Ohio 
V.  C.  in  the  late  war,  and  served  three 
years.  He  married  Miss  Platena  Per- 
rin  ;  have  three  children — Roy,  Blanche 
and  Allie. 

LHAMOX,  WIL.LIAM,  farmer, 
Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Liscomb ;  born  in  Knox 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1841  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1874;  owns  120  acres  of  land.  He 
married  Mary  F.  Hildebrand  in  1865; 
she  was  born  in  Ohio  ;  have  seven  chil- 
dren— Horace  P.,  John  W.,  Lucy  V., 
Mertie  I,  Eva  M.,  Mary  and  Frances. 

LOUCKS,  J.  D.,  farmer.  Sec.  3 ;  P. 
0.  Liscomb ;  born  in  New  York  in 
1846;  came  to  this  county  in  1855; 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land.  He  put  up 
the  first  house  in  the  village  of  Liscomb. 
Was  Postmaster.  He  married  Miss 
Anna  Clark  in  1871  ;  she  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  ;  have  one  child — Anna 
May  ;  lost  one  son — Freddie.     He  en- 


listed in  the  6th  Iowa  V.  C.  during  the 
war,  and  served  until  the  regiment  was 
mustered  out. 

Lowe.  D.  C,  clerk,  Liscomb. 

L.YBARGER,  A.,  farmer,  Sec.  10  ; 
P.  0.  Liscomb;  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1829  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1854  ; 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land.  Has  served 
as  Town  Trustee.  He  married  Rachel 
Spindler  in  1852  ;  she  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania ;  have  three  children — Emily 
F.,  William  R.  and  Charles  J. 

McMAHON,  A.  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  10  ; 
P.  0.  Liscomb. 

McKIBBEX,  JOHTlf,  farmer.  Sec. 
19;  P.  0.  Albion;  born  in  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1837  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1860;  owns  360  acres  of  land.  Has 
held  the  office  of  Town  Trustee.  He 
was  the  first  person  to  enlist  in  the  late 
war,  in  this  vicinity,  and  was  rejected  on 
account  of  the  loss  of  a  thumb.  He 
married  Miss  Rebecca  Dennis  in  1866  ; 
she  was  born  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have 
four  children — Anna,  Harlan,  Mary  El- 
len and  DeLoss. 

Maulsby,  L.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

MARTIN,  W.,  banker  and  dealer  in 
general  merchandise,  Liscomb  ;  born  in 
Ohio  in  1849  ;  came  to  this  State  in 
1870.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Butt  in 
1871  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio ;  have 
three  children — Alice,  Pearl,  Farinda. 

MARSH,  MII.TON,  farmer  and 
fruit  grower,  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Albion  ; 
born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1809  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1854;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  well  improved  and 
one  of  the  most  attractive  places  in  the 
county ;  the  shade  trees  and  groves  are 
all  of  his  own  planting,  and  have  at- 
tained a  most  remarkable  growth  since 
planted  ;  he  has  the  largest  vineyard  in 
the  county.  Has  held  the  office  of 
School  Director.  He  married  EHza 
Griffith  in  1833  ;  she  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  Penn.;  have  two  children — 
Orlando  R.  and  Joel  L. 

MARSH,  ORI. AXDO  R.,  farmer. 
Sec.  20;  P.  0.  Albion;  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  Penn.,  in  1838 ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1854.  He  married  Miss 
Julia  A.  Clark  in  1860  ;  she  was  born 
in  Indiana ;  have  three  children — Eli 
A.,  Elmer  J.  and  Llewellyn  G. 


584 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


MEIiICK,  R.  W.,  farmer  and  stock 
rai.ser,  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb  ;  born  in 
Knox  Co.,  Ohio,  in  February,  1837 ; 
came  to  this  State  in  1868,  and  to  this 
county  in  1871  ;  owns  198  acres  of 
land.  He  married  Miss  S.  E.  Dennis 
in  1862;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  ;  has 
three  children — George  E.,  Woodward 
D.  and  Hattie  V. 

MEYERS,  ISAAC,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ; 
P.  0.  Liscomb  ;  born  in  East  Tennessee 
in  1819  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1849, 
but  came  to  the  State  in  1848  ;  he  owns 
320  acres  of  land.  Has  held  offices  of 
Town  Trustee.  School  Director  and  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace.  He  married  Miss 
Catharine  Trease  in  1841 ;  she  was  born 
in  Tennessee ;  has  nine  children — James, 
Jesse,  Thomas,  Samuel,  David,  Nelson, 
Caroline  M.,   Nervesta  C.  and  Sarah  A. 

JIEYERS,  J.  C,  grocer,  Liscomb  ; 
born  in  Tennessee  in  1842  ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1849  ;  he  broke  a  portion 
of  the  prairie  where  Marshalltown  now 
stands.  Has  held  offices  of  Town  Clerk, 
City  Councilman,  and  is  Mayor  of  the 
city.  He  enlisted  in  the  Iowa  V.  I., 
and  served  three  years  and  ten  months, 
and  was  in  all  of  the  battles  in  which 
the  regiment  was  engaged.  He  married 
Miss  Mary  C.  Gateley  in  1866 ;  she 
was  born  in  Iowa ;  has  five  children — 
Ida  B.,  Eva  v.,  Nettie  M.,  William  R. 
and  Frank  I. 

Miller,  Gustave,  Liscomb. 

Miller,  H.  A.,  lab.,  Liscomb. 

MOFFATT,  FRED  P.,  druggist 
and  dealer  in  paints,  oils,  glass  and 
druggists'  sundries,  Liscomb  ;  born  in 
New  York  in  1849 ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1869.  He  married  Miss  Jennie 
Swearingen  in  1870;  she  was  born  in 
Indiana;  has  three  children — Mildred 
J.,  Bruce  F.  and  Cady  J. 

Morgan.  H.,  lab.,  Liscomb. 

^f  ELSON,   HANS,  coal   dealer,   Lis- 

_L^       comb. 

NEFF,  H.  O.,  farmer,  S.  20  ;  P.  0. 
Albion  ;  born  in  Champaign  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1S34  ;  came  to  this  county  Oct.  9, 
1850  ;  owns  ninety-seven  acres  of  land 
in  this  county  and  120  acres  in  Guthrie 
County  ;  has  held  office  of  Assessor  and 
School  Director.  He  married  Miss 
Nancy  Arney  June  7,  1861  ;  she  was 
born  in  Owen  Co.,  Ind.;  has  two  adopt- 


ed children — Cary  H.  and  Rosetta  W. 
Nickle,  Geo.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 
►AGE,  WM.,  lab.,  Liscomb. 


P 


PATTOX,  T.  W.,  blacksmith,  Lis- 
comb ;  born  in  Indiana  in  1839  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1854.  Has  held  office 
of  School  Director.  He  married  Miss 
Harriet  J.  Price  in  1867 ;  she  was  born 
in  Iowa  ;  has  two  children — Nettie  and 
Frank.  He  served  in  the  46th  Ind.  V. 
I.,  and  in  the  Artillery  service,  four 
years  in  the  late  war. 

Parnell,  D.  T.,  lab.,  Liscomb. 

PERRIN,  E.,  former,  S.  21  ;  P.  0. 
Albion ;  born  in  Luzerne  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1832  ;  came  to  this  State  in  1859 ; 
owns  400  acres.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Winter  in  1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Stark 
Co.,  111. 

Presler,  L.  M.,  carpenter,  Liscomb. 

PRICE,  LARKED,  farmer,  S.  23 ; 
P.  0.  Liscomb  ;  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Va.,  in  1819  ;  came  to  this  county  Nov. 
20,  1853;  previous  to  his  coming  to 
Iowa  he  lived  in  Mississippi  and  emi- 
grated to  Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111.,  in  1858, 
and  from  Mercer  Co.,  111.,  in  1850,  he 
went  overland  to  California,  where  he 
remained  three  years.  Has  held  office 
of  School  Director  and  Assessor.  Owns 
221  acres  of  land.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Dawson  in  1844 ;  she  was 
born  in  Crawford  Co.,  Ind.;  has  seven 
children — Harriet  J.,  Sarah  E.,  Larkin 
F.,  Luella,  William  H.,  Roena  and  Le 
Roy  ;    lost  two — Isaac  T.  and  Clara  J. 

RALLS,  J.  L.,far.,  S.  2;  P.  O.  Lis- 
comb. 

Ralls,  N.  F.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Rolston,  I.  B.,  grain  dealer,  Liscomb. 

llolston,  S.  H.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  O.  Liscomb. 

ROSEWKRAXTZ,  A.  J.,  former. 
Sec.  3  ;  P.  O.  Liscomb  ;  born  in  Orange 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1828  ;  came  to  this  State 
in  1868,  and  to  this  county  in  April, 
1875 ;  owns  200  acres  of  land.  He 
married  Mary  Shannon  in  1875  ;  she 
was  born  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio;  have  five 
children — William,  Jacob,  Horace  Henry 
and  Laura. 

QCOTT,  A.  P.,  wagon  maker,  Liscomb. 

Shaler,  S.  C,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 
Shepherd,  J.  T.,  far.,  S.   24;  P.   0.   Mar- 
shalltown. 


LISCOMB  TOWNSHIP. 


585 


Spear,  W.,  butclier,  Liscomb. 

Specht,  J.,  far.,  S.  13;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Specht,  N.,  far.,  S.  13;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Stahl,  J.,  laborer,  Liscomb. 

Stiano;,  R.,  far.,  S.  10 ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Stark^  J.  D.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Strong,  W.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

TAPPS,  F.,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown ;  born  in  Germany  in 
1823  ;  came  to  America  in  1855,  and 
to  this  county  in  1867  ;  owns  160  acres 
of  land.  He  married  Rosa  Brobst  in 
1835  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  ;  have 
seven  children — August  Carrie,  Henry, 
Mena,  William,  Frederick  and  John. 
He  enlisted  in  the  47th  Wis.  V.  I.,  in 
the  late  war,  and  served  until  the  regi- 
ment was  mustered  out. 
THATCHER,  J.,  far.,  S.  12;  P.  0. 
Liscomb. 

Thurber,  A.  E.,  far.,  S.  5 ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Trease,  E.  H.,  carpenter,  Liscomb. 

Trease,  J.  P.,  carpenter,  Liscomb. 

Tripp,  David,  lumber  dealer,  Liscomb. 

TRIPP,  J.  W.,  retired  farmer,  Lis- 
comb ;  born  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  19,  1824;  came  to  this  county 
in  May,  1855  ;  owns  forty  acres  of 
land.  He  was  one  of  the  four  that 
brought  the  first  printing  press  in  Mar- 
shall Co.,  and  with  Thomas  J.  Wilson 
as  editor,  published  at  Albion  the  Iowa 
Central  Journal;  this  paper  became 
what  is  now  the  Marshall  Times.  He 
has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  laid  out  the  town  of  Lis- 
comb. He  married  Mrs.  Betsey  Suss- 
milch  in  1873  ;  she  was  born  in  New 
York  ;  has  one  adopted  son — Charles. 
Mrs.  Tripp  has  five  children  by  former 
maiTiage  —  Charles  F.,  Hattie  W., 
Henry  G.,  Alice  C.  and  Frederick  M. 
Sussmilch. 

Tripp,  R.  0.,  restaurant,  Liscomb. 

T"T PDYKE.   MARTIN  C.  far.,  S.  6  ; 
U       p.  0.  Liscomb. 

IXERY,  X.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  O. 
Liscomi)  ,  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn., 
in  1837;  he  came  to  this  county  Nov. 
4.  1854  ;  owns  40  acres  of  land.  Has 
served  as  President  and  Secretary  of 
the  School  Board.  He  married  Miss 
0.  E.  Mitchell  Nov.  12,  1803;  she 
was  born  in  New  York  :  have  four  chil- 


dren— Eugene,  John  L.,  Annettie  A. 
and  Arthur  J.  His  father  brought  the 
first  threshing  machine  and  separator 
into  the  county. 

YAN  PELT,  A.,  ftirmer,  Sec.  4  ;  P. 
0.  Edenville. 
Vanslyke,  J.  V.,  far.,  S.  9;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 
TT/ALDOW  GEORGE  W.,  Bangor. 

Waldon,  L.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  O.  Albion. 
Walter,  J,  W.,  far.,  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
Weatherly,  Geo.,  far.,  Liscomb. 
Weatherly,  J.  Cal.,  far..  Sec. 

WEATHERIiY,    TIMOTHl  , 

far.,S.  13;  P.  O.  Liscomb  ;  born  in  Indi- 
ana in  1829  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1852  ;  owns  174  acres.  He  married 
Catharine  Hauser  in  1852  ;  she  was 
born  in  Indiana  ;  have  eight  children — 
Melissa,  David,  George,  Ada,  John, 
Foster,  Sarah  and  Eliza  ;   lostt  hree. 

WHISfERY,  J.  S.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Columbiana 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1839  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  Oct.,  1866  ;  owns  110  acres  of  land. 
Has  held  the  office  of  Town  Trustee. 
He  enlisted  in  the  104th  Ohio  V.  I.  in 
the  late  war,  and  served  three  years. 
He  married  Caroline  Bennett  in  1866  ; 
she  was  born  in  the  same  county  ;  have 
two  children — Elizabeth  M.  and  Martha 
I. ;  lost  two  sons. 

WHITACRE,  E.  D.,  physician, 
Liscomb  ;  born  in  Lycoming  Co.,  Penn., 
in  1842;  came  to  this  State  in  1852, 
and  to  this  county  in  1873.  Has  prac- 
ticed medicine  ten  years.  He  married 
Miss  Eliza  Hauser  in  1871;  she  was 
born  in  this  county;  has  one  child — 
Edwin  H. 

Whitehead,  B.,  mason,  Liscomb. 

Willetts,  J.,  coal  and  lime  dealer,  Liscomb. 

Williams,  Alfred,  farmer.  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0. 
Marshall. 

Williams,  E.  N.,  farmer,  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0. 
Marshall. 

WILLIAMS,  F.  H.,  farmer.  Sec. 
7  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Rutland  Co., 
Vt.,  in  1840  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1864  ;  owns  sixty  acres  ;  has  held  office 
of  Town  Clerk.  He  married  Josie  L. 
Bruce  in  1 863  ;  she  was  born  in  Essex 
Co.,  N.  t^  ;  has  one  child— Guy  T. 

Williams,  S.  H..  farmer.  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0. 
Marshall. 


586 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


WIL.SOX,  H.  H.,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ; 
P.  0.  Liscomb ;  born  in  Belmont  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1829  ;  came  to  this  county 
June  27,  1863  ;  owns  175  acres  ;  has 
served  as  Town  Trustee  and  President 
of  the  School  Board.  He  married  Miss 
Phebe  Van  Voorhisin  September,  1850; 


she  was  born  in  Crawford  Co.,  Ohio; 
has  five  children — Albin  L.,  Martha  H., 
Charles  V.,  Mary  E.  and  William  I. 

Windish,  J.  D.,  for,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Winter,  S.  A.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Withey,  N.  0.,  shoemaker,  Liscomb. 


EDEN    TOWNSHIP. 


BAIER,  JOHN,  far.,  S.  26;  P.  0. 
Edenville. 

BAKER,  JOSEPH,  firmer,  Sec. 
27  ;  P.  O.  Edenville ;  born  Oct.  20, 
1830,  in  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio ;  in 
1855,  came  to  Scott  Co.,  Iowa,  then 
to  Louisa  Co.,  then  to  Wisconsin  ; 
in  1855,  went  to  California  ;  in  186-1,  re- 
turned to  Scott  Co.;  in  1865,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1877,  came  to 
his  present  farm  ;  owns  440  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married 
Mary  Tiffin  Nov.  6,  3  864;  she  was 
born  July  18,  1846,  in  Ohio;  had 
seven  children,  five  living — William  D., 
Clara  J.,  Maryetta,  George  E.  and  Sam- 
uel H. 

BAKER,  STEWARD,  farmer,  S. 
28 ;  P.  0.  Edenville ;  born  April  5, 
1836,  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio;  in  1855, 
came  to  Cedar  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1856,  re- 
moved to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1866, 
came  to  his  present  farm ;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 
Married  Mary  Beal,  Feb.  10, 1858  ;  she 
was  born  Dec.  5,  1832,  in  Beaver  Co., 
Penn.;  they  have  four  children — Nellie, 
Loe,  Dot  and  Bub.  Enlisted  in  Co.  K, 
13th  I.  V.  I.,  in  1864;  served  to  the  end 
of  the  war.  Is  Secretary  of  the  School 
Board  and  Township  Trustee. 

Ball,  B.  F.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.   Edenville. 

Barber,  J.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Barkhurst,  J.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

Beltz,  H.  C,  far.,  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

BARTI.ETT,  EMILY  T., 
MRS.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Weeks 
and  widow  of  Zenas  L.  Bartlett,  S.  20  ; 
P.  O.  Edenville ;  he  was  born  April  3, 
1820,  in  Soniers,  Conn.  Enlisted  in 
1861,  in  Co.  H,  13th  L  V.  I.,  and  died 
in  Jackson,  Tenn.,  Aug.  31,  1861,  for 
which  she  receives  a  pension  from  the 


government  of  $8.00  per  month.  She 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1817,  in  New  Hamp- 
shire; they  removed  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa,  in  1856  ;  had  three  children,  two 
living— Charles  H.  and  Flora  L.  (now 
JMrs.  Jas.  B.  Vanpelt, ),  with  whom  she 
now  lives. 

BEAR,  JOHX,  farmer,  S.  21  ;  P.  0. 
Edenville  ;  born  Jan.  25, 1821,  in  Baden, 
Germany;  in  1846,  came  to  Pennsylva- 
nia ;  in  1847,  removed  to  Ohio  ;  then  to 
Richmond,  Ind.;  in  1851,  returned  to 
Philadelphia ;  in  1853,  removed  to  New 
York  ;  in  1861,  traveled  with  the  Amer- 
ican Circus  for  six  months ;  then  re- 
turned to  New  York;  in  1862,  removed 
to  Hilton  Head,  S.  C;  in  1865,  returned 
to  New  York  ;  then  went  to  Germany  ; 
the  same  year  came  to  Bucks  Co.,  Penn.; 
in  1866,  came  to  his  present  farm. 
Married  Lizzie  Bechtel  in  July  1868  ; 
she  was  born  in  1835,  in  Germany  ;  has 
four  children,  three  living — John,  David, 
Daniel  and  John. 

BLINK,  JOSEPH,  farmer,  S.  22  ; 
P.  0.  Edenville  ;  born  March  29,  1834, 
in  Germany  ;  in  1 852,  came  to  De  Kalb 
Co.,  111.;  in  1860,  came  to  Eden  Tp.; 
owns  550  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre.  Married  Margaret  Halter  Feb. 
18,  1858  ;  she  was  born  July  15,  1836, 
in  France  ;  they  have  nine  children — 
George,  Rosa,  Lewis,  Anna,  Albert,  Leo- 
pold, Clara,  Martin  and  Ida.  Is  School 
Director  and  Road  Supervisor.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Catholic  Church. 

BREUXIG,  JOSEPH,  farmer,  S. 
21,  P.  O,  Edenville;  born  Feb.  2,  1827, 
in  Baden,  Germany  ;  in  1851,  came  to 
Chicago  ;  in  1857,  removed  to  De  Kalb 
Co.,  111.;  in  1860,  came  to  his  present 
farm  ;  owns  495  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$30  per  acre.     Married  Catharine  Blink 


EDEN  TOWNSHIP. 


587 


Oct.  7,  1852;  she  was  born  April  27, 

1830,  in  Baden,  Grermany;  they  have 
eight  children — Clara,  Lena,  Henry, 
John  and  Lizzie  ftwins),  Maggie,  Jacob 
and  Lucy.  Is  School  Treasurer  and 
Director.  Are  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church. 

Burger,  J.  H.,  blacksmith,  Edenville. 

C APRON,  N.,  for.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Eden- 
ville. 

Casey,  M.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

€H  AMBERL.  AIN,  D.  P.,  farmer. 
Sec.  36 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per 
acre;  born  Jan.  16,  1825,  in  Livingston 
Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1836,  came  to  Washte- 
naw Co.,  Mich.;  in  1841,  came  to  Dex- 
ter, Mich. ;  in  1852,  went  to  California  ; 
in  1856,  returned  to  Dexter,  Mich.  ;  in 
1858,  came  to  Kalamazoo  Co.  ;  in  1867, 
removed  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1870, 
came  to  his  present  farm.  He  married 
Elizabeth  R.  Dustin  Jan.  24,  1863  ;  she 
was  born  March  18,  1841,  in  Wheelock 
Co.,  Vt. ;  have  five  children — Estella 
J.,  Byron  P.,  Albert  F.,  George  M.  and 
William  H.  Are  members  of  the  Church 
of  God. 

CHAPMAN,  JAMES,  farmer.  Sec. 
33  ;    P.   0.   Edenville ;    born  April   5, 

1831,  in  England  ;  in  1835,  came  to 
New  York ;  in  1 849,  came  to  Janes- 
ville.  Wis. ;  in  1851,  came  to  Kalama- 
zoo, Mich.;  in  1852,  removed  to  White 
Pigeon,  Mich. ;  in  1853,  came  to  Val- 
paraiso, Ind.  ;  in  1856,  removed  to 
Shelby  Co.,  111.  In  1861,  enlisted  in 
Co.  F,  54th  111.  V.  I.,  and  served  until 
March  1,  1865;  he  then  returned  to 
Valparaiso,  Ind. ;  in  1868,  came  to  Chi- 
cago, and  in  1870,  removed  to  Marshall 
Co.,  Iowa,  and  to  his  present  farm  in 
1871  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land.  Mar- 
ried S.  E.  Garis  June  19,  1854 ;  she 
was  born  Sept.  29,  1837,  in  Ashtabula 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  six  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living — James  L.,  Minnie  M. 
L.,  Willie  R.,  Harry  J.  and  Irene  A. ; 
lost  Lee  in  1874,  aged  five  months  and 
seventeen  days.  He  is  Township  As- 
sessor. 

CHESHIRE,  ALBERT,  farmer. 
Sec.  16;  P.  0.  Edenville;  born  March 
16,  1839,  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ohio;  in 
1841,  came  to  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  with  his 
parents  ;  in  1848,  returned  to  Ohio  ;  in 


1860,  returned  to  Ogle  Co.  ;  in  1866, 
removed  to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  S25  per  acre. 
Married  Elizabeth  Graham  in  1861  ;  she 
was  born  Feb.  12,  1841,  and  died   May 

I,  1873;  has  three  children,  two  of 
whom  are  living — Ida  M.  and  Charles 
A.  ;  second  marriage  to  Salinda  J. 
Chamberlin  Dec.  24,  1873 ;  she  was 
born  May  29,  1848,  in  New  Hampshire  ; 
have  one  child,  born  June  11,  1878. 

Clark,  M.,  far.,  S.  22;  P.  0.  Edenville. 
Cole,  R.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 
Conkle,  G.,  retired,  Edenville. 
Cunningham,  D.   C,   for.,    S.    7;     P.    0. 
Edenville. 

DATJGHERTY,  J.,  carpenter,  Eden- 
ville. 
DAHLAM  HENRY,  former.  Sec. 
35  ;  P.  0.  State  Center  ;  born  March 
13, 1813,  in  Bavaria,  Germany  ;  in  1852, 
came  to  New  York ;  then  to  Freeport, 
111. ;  in  1869,  came  to  his  present  farm  ; 
owes  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25 
per  acre.  Married  Susanna  Wogt  June 
7,  1842  ;  she  was  born  March  12,  1823, 
in  Bavaria,  Germany ;  have  three  chil- 
dren— Catherine,  Elizabeth  and  Abra- 
ham. Are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church. 

ELDER,   D.  A.,  far.,  S.  10  ;    P.   0. 
Edenville. 
Estabrook, far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Eden- 
ville. 
FIELD,  F.,  for.,  S.  19  ;  P.   0.  Eden- 
ville. 
FILER,  ALBERT,  former  ;  P.  0 
Edenville  ;  was  born  in  Canada  May  5 
1827.     Married  Miss  Barbara   Steven 
son  in  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  11,  1853 
she  was  born  in  Ohio  June  29,    1839 
they  moved   to    this    county  in   1866 
their  children  are  John  S.,  born  Sept 

II,  1854  ;  Mary  C,  born  June  23 
1857  ;  she  married  D.  T.  Hall  June 
28,  1875  ;  Charles  Henry,  born  Feb. 
16,    1858  ;     Franklin,    born    Dec.    22, 

•      1859:  Marsiaret  Anna,   born   May   12, 

1863;     George,    born    Oct.    8,    1864; 

James  Albert,  born  July  16, 1869.     Mr. 

Filer  owns  eighty  acres  of  land.      He  is 

a  Republican  in  politics. 
Flora,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 
Fowler,  F.,  far.,  S.  1  ;    P.  0.  Edenville. 
Fox,  J.  D.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 
Frances,  J.,  for.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 


588 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


aARIS,    JOSEPH,  carpenter,  Eden- 
ville. 
Gauch,  A.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 
Girton,  W.  S.,f\ir.,  S.  1  ;   P.  0.  Edenville. 
GOODMAN,    JONEPH,    farmer, 
See.  22  ;  P.  0   Edenville  ;  burn  Jan.  6, 

1827,  in  Baden,  Germany;  in  1848, 
came  to  Philadelphia  ;  in  1850,  removed 
to  Chicago ;  in  1863,  came  to  his  pres- 
ent farm  ;  owns  455  acres,  valued  at  825 
per  acre.  Married  Clara  Blink  in  April, 
1853;  she  was  born  in  August,  1828,  in 
Baden,  Germany  ;  had  ten  children,  six 
living — Catharine,  John  W.,  Joseph  C, 
Mary  M.,  Charles  A.  and  Elizabeth  C. 
Has  been  School  Director  three  years 
and  Secretary  of  the  School  Board  two 
years. 

li^RlJBER,  JOSEPH,  farmer,  Sec. 
2G ;  P.  0.  Edenville ;  born  March  22, 

1828,  in  Baden  Germany;  in  1852, 
came  to  New  York  ;  the  same  year,  re- 
moved to  Canada;  in  1853,  came  to 
Chicago;  in  1869,  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa;  in  1873,  removed  to  his  present 
farm  ;  owns  eighty  acres,  valued  at  §35 
per  acre.  Married  Catharine  Briunig 
Aug.  15,  1855;  she  was  born  in  1829 
in  Baden,  Germany ;  have  four  children- 
Catharine,  Maggie,  Mary  and  Josephine. 
Are    members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

CtJUL.de,  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec.  35; 
P.  0-  State  Centre  ;  born  July  1 5, 1827, 
in  Wurtemberg,  Germany ;  in  1854, 
came  to  New  York  ;  thence  went  to  New 
Orleans;  in  1855,  came  to  Chicago; 
then  removed  to  Be  Kalb  Co.,  III.;  in 
1860,  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in 
1869,  removed  to  his  present  farm ; 
owns  340  acres,  valued  at  S35  per  acre. 
Married  Magdalina  Blink  March  29, 
1858;  she  was  born  June  28,  1839,  in 
Baden,  Germany  ;  have  six  children — 
Mary  E.,  Clara  C,  Emma  C,  Frank  L., 
Henry  J.  and  George  E.  Are  members 
of  the  Catholic  Church. 

HALE,  J.  F.,  farmer.  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0. 
Edenville. 
HAIXES,  XATHAX,  former,  Sec. 
9;  P.  0.  Edenville;  born  Aug.  15, 
1834,  in  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind.;  in  June, 
1863,  removed  to  Black  Hawk  Co.,  Iowa ; 
the  same  year,  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa;  owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  S50  per  acre.  Married  Lydia  A. 
Beese  March  4,  1863  ;    she  was    born 


July  8,  1841,  in  Stark  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have 
four  children — Eliza  L.,  Mary  E.,  De'la 
F.  and  Leonora  A.  Mrs.  H.  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

HAINES,  WILLIAM  A.,  farm 
er,  Sec.  — ;  P.  0.  Edenville  ;  born  Feb. 
26, 1826,  in  Greene  Co.,  Ohio ;  in  1830, 
came  to  La  Porte  Co.,  Ind.,  with  his 
parents  ;  in  1863,  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa ;  he  owns  twenty-eight  acres  of 
land  and  four  lots  and  house  in  Eden- 
ville. Married  Martha  Makimson  May 
29,  1862;  she  was  born  March  24, 
1826,  in  Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio. 

Halter,  L..  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

HARMON,  J.  A.,  former.  Sec.  16; 
P.  0.  Edenville;  born  Oct.  6,  1831,  in 
Richmond,  Ind.  ;  in  1832,  came  to 
Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  with  his  parents,  then 
came  to  Kendall  Co.,  then  to  De  Kalb 
Co.,  and  in  1852,  went  to  California  ;  in 
1856,  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  he 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  840 
per  acre.  Married  Miriam  Hummel 
Oct.  8,  1860  ;  she  was  born  Jan.  10, 
1840,  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.  ;  have  two 
children — Alfred  L.  and  Henry  E.  Mr. 
H.  has  held  about  all  the  township  offices. 

Haver,  W.,  far.,  S.  13 ;   P.  0.  Edenville. 

Huges,  T.  J.,  laborer,  Edenville. 

Hyatt,  B.,  for.,  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

JOHNSON,   J.   W.,  former.  Sec. 

O  34  ;  P.  0.  Edenville  ;  born  July  14, 
1822,  in  Jennings  Co.,  Ind.  ;  in  1837, 
came  to  Camden  Co.,  Mo. ;  in  1836, 
came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  owns  240 
acres,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married 
Sarah  E.  Fraseur  in  February,  1 852  ; 
she  was  born  in  April,  1836,  in  Cedar 
Co.,  Iowa  ;  she  is  a  daughter  of  Benja- 
min Fraseur,  of  Cedar  Co.,  who  died  in 
1876,  aged  80  years  ;  have  five  chil- 
dren— Dora,  William,  Benjamin,  George 
and  Dollie. 

KAISER,  CHARLES,  far.,  S.  35; 
P.  0.  Edenville. 

Kesler,  M.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

Kelly,  G.  W.,  for.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

Kelly,  H.  F.,  for.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

KENNEDY,  JAMES,  farmer.  Sec. 
33  ;  P.  0.  Edenville ;  born  Sept.  10, 
1830,  in  Ireland ;  in  1843,  came  to 
Canada;  in  1851,  came  to  Watertown, 
N.  Y. ;  then  returned  to  Canada ;  in 
1865,  removed  to  Chicago;  in  1872, 
came  to  his  present  farm  ;   owns  eighty 


EDEN  TOAVNSHIP. 


589 


acres,  valued  at  $20  per  acre.  Married 
Mary  A.  McMahan  Feb.  22,  1858  ;  she 
was  born  Feb.  21,  1841,  in  Canada; 
have  seven  children — David  J.,  James 
A.,  William  D.,  George  H.,  Alice  M., 
Frank  and  Martha  J. 
Kirkpatrick,  T.  A.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

LEOFFLER,  F.,  far.,  S.  11 ;  P.  0. 
Edenville. 
LACEY,  JOSEPH,  retired,  Eden- 
ville ;  born  April  15,  180(1,  in  New 
York  ;  when  an  infant  he  came  with  his 
parents  to  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn  ;  in  1859, 
came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  18G5, 
came  to  their  present  home  ;  they  own 
IS-!  acres,  also  their  honse  and  store  and 
eight  lots  in  Edenville.  Mai-ried  Mrs. 
M^ary  Swartout,  daughter  of  George 
Monlux,  July  20,  1865  ;  she  was  born 
Jan.  20,  1825,  in  Washington  Co., 
Ohio  ;  she  has  five  children  by  a  former 
marriage — Pamilia  F.,  Edgar  P.,  Mel- 
vin  L.^  Charles  B.  and  Azro  N.  Swar- 
tout. Mr.  Swartout  enlisted  in  1862, 
in  Co.  K,  23d  Iowa  V.  I.,  and  died 
Aug.  IT,  1863,  of  a  disease  contracted 
in  the  army.  Aaron  A.,  enlisted  in 
March,  1864,  in  the  32d  Iowa  V.  L, 
died  March  13,  1864.  Mr.  Lacy  has 
been  three  years  Postmaster.  Are  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Luing,  A.,  far.,  S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

^/TcCLOSKY,  M.,  far.,  S.  14  ;  P.  0. 

_iVJL     Edenville. 

Dakin,  Mack,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

Mead.  E.,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

MEYER,  AGGE  €.,  farmer,  S. 
36;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  owns  160 
acres,  valued  at  $25  per  acre  ;  born  Dec. 
15,  1844,  in  Hanover,  Germany ;  in 
1856,  came  to  New  York  ;  in  1857,  he 
came  to  Freeport,  111  ;  in  1869,  he 
came  to  Eden  Tp.  Married  Catharine 
Dahlem  Jan.  15,  1867  ;  she  was  born 
Oct.  25,  1844,  in  Bavaria,  Germany; 
had  seven  children,  five  living — Henry, 
Bettie,  Susan,  Johanna  and  William. 
]Mr.  Meyer  is  School  Trustee  and  Di- 
rector. Are  members  of  the  German 
Reformed  Church. 

MEYER,  REINHARD,  farmer, 
Sec.  26  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre ;  was 
born  March  3,  1840,  in  Germany; 
in  1857,  he  came  to  New  York, 
then  to  Stephenson  County,  111.; 
in  1877,  he  came  to  his  present  fivrm  ; 


owns  160  acres,  valued  at  S30  per  acre. 
His  father  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1800,  and  died  in  Stephenson  Co.,  111., 
in  1865  ;  his  mother  was  born  in  1812, 
and  lives  in  Stephenson  Co.,  111. 

"VTASON,   G.  L.,  far.,  S.  12;  P.  0. 

IN       Edenville. 

Nason,  W.,  far.,  S.  12:    P.  0.  Edenville. 

OGAX,  GEORGE,  Edenville; 
born  Jan.  5,  1839,  in  Greene  Co., 
Ohio  ;  in  1849,  came  to  Bureau  Co.  111.; 
in  1866,  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa; 
in  1872,  removed  to  his  present  home; 
he  owns  a  house  and  four  lots  in  Eden- 
ville. Married  Mary  E.  Vauthrin  Dec. 
25,  1869  ;  she  was  born  in  1852  in  Illi- 
nois ;  have  three  children — Carrie  E., 
Neva  J.  and  Ira  C.  Mr.  Ogan  has 
been  Constable. 

PARSONS,  E.  H.,  farmer,  S.  29  ;  P. 
•    0.  Edenville. 

Pierpont,  E.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

Pyle,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  12  ;    P.  0.   Edenville. 

-QHODES,    ANTHONY,  far.,  S.  9; 

JL\     p.  0.  Edenville. 

Rhodes,  J.  D.,  far.,  Sec.  20;  P.  0.  Eden- 
ville. 

RHODES,  J.  M.,  far.,  S.  16;  P. 
0.  Edenville  ;  born  Aug.  10,  1838,  i;) 
De  Kalb  Co.,  Ill;  in  1853,  he  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  and  removed  to  his  pre.s- 
tnt  farm  in  1860;  own  360  acres,  val- 
ued at  $30  per  acre.  Married  Sarah  ]M. 
Price  Nov.  24,  1859  ;  she  was  born  May 
24,  1841, in  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ill;  have  five 
children— Myra  J.,  Carl  B.,  Ethel  L., 
CharUe  P.  and  Ivan  B.  Has  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  County  Super- 
visors. ^ 

Roberts,  J.  T.,  far.,  S.  36;  P.   0.    State 

SAUNDERS,  F.  A.,  far.,  S.  33;  P.  0. 
Edenville. 
SAXAUER,  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec. 
15  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Jan.  1^0, 
1823,  in  Baden,  Germany;  in  1851,  he 
came  to  Chicago  ;  in  1863,  came  to  his 
present  farm;  owns  190  acres,  valued 
at  $30  per  acre.  Married  Barbara 
Fisher  in  August,  1853 ;  she  was  born 
in  1826,  in  France;  died  Feb.  25,  1868; 
had  three  children— John,  William  and 
Anna.  Second  marriage  to  Mary  Myers 
Aug.  7, 1868  ;  she  was  born  in  1836,  in 
Prussia,  Ger.;  have  three  children — Han- 
nah, Fred  A.  and  Mary.     Mrs.  S.   has 


590 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


S.  25;  P.  0.   State 


Sees.  3  and  4  ;  P.  0. 


one    daughter   by  a  former  marriage — 
Louisa. 

Schultz,  J.  D.,  far. 
Centre. 

Scobben,  R.  E.,  far. 
Edenville. 

SHRYOCK,  GEORGE,  farmer, 
Sec.  11;  P.  0.  Edenville  ;  born  Aug. 
13,  1831,  in  Noblesville,  Ind.;  in  1863, 
came  to  Edenville,  Iowa  ;  two  yeans  later 
he  removed  to  Sec.  12 ;  in  187-4,  came 
to  his  present  section  ;  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S25  per  acre.  ^larried 
Theodocia  Holmes  in  April,  1856  ;  she 
was  born  in  May,  1840,  in  Hamilton 
Co.,  Ind.;  had  nine  children,  six  living 
— Blanche,  Ollie,  Charlie,  Bertha,  Lulu 
and  Lester.  Are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church. 

Somers,  S.  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0. 

Sterner,  C,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.O. 

Stinbon,  G.   A.,  far.,  S.  29  ; 
ville. 

Stoltz,  M.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0. 

rpHORN,  D.  S.,  blacksmith,  Edenville. 

THOMAS,  L..  W.,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Edenville ;  born  Sept.  5,1845, 
in  McHenry  Co.,  111.;  in  1871,  came  to 
his  present  home ;  he  owns  a  house  and 
lot  in  Edenville  ;  he  commenced  the 
^tudy  of  medicine  in  1868,  and  graduated 
in  the  Spring  of  1871,  and  has  followed 


Edenville. 
Edenville. 
P.  0.  Eden- 

Edenville. 


his  profession  since  then.  Married  Alice 
I.  Conkle  May  27,  1877;  she  was  born 
Mav  27,  1861,  in  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa. 
Tuffree.  J.,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

VANDYKE,  a.  W.,  farmer,  S.  3 ;  P. 
0.  Edenville. 
Van  Pelt,  J.  B.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.O.  Edenville. 
Yanthrin,  S.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

WADE,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0. 
Edenville. 

Watts,  J.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

Watts,  T.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  Edenville. 

Webster,  L.  A.,  carpenter,  Edenville. 

Weeks,  D.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Edenville. 

WHITE,  ALFRED,  firm  of  A. 
White  ct  Bro.,  general  merchandise, 
Edenville  ;  born  Feb.  20,  1837,  in  Law- 
rence Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1849,  came  to  Jones 
Co.,  Iowa;  in  1856,  removed  to  Davis 
Co.,  Mo.;  in  1866,  came  to  Jasper  Co., 
Iowa;  in  1873,  removed  to  Edenville. 
Married  Elizabeth  Trussel  June  20, 
1861  ;  she  was  born  Sept.  9,  1840,  in 
Indiana  ;  have  five  children — Ada  M., 
Mary  E.,  John  X.,  Yiola  Y.  and  Alma 
R.  Mr.  W.  is  Postmaster.  Is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Latter  Day  Saints,  and  is  an 
Elder  of  their  Society. 

White,  H.,  far.,  S.  14  :  P.  0.  EdenvUle. 

Willson,  Thomas,  carpenter,  Edenville. 

YAOER,  JOHN,  farmer,  S.  26  ;  P. 
0.  Edenville. 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP. 


591 


LE     GRAND    TOWNSHIP. 


ADAIR,  JAMES,  laborer;  P.  O.  Le 
Graud. 

Albrioht,  G.,  for.;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

AI.OIAN,  JESSE,  far.,  Sec.  9;  P. 
0.  Le  Grand ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  born  April  8, 
1822,  in  Columbiana  Co..  Ohio  ;  his 
parents  moved  into  Stark  Co.,  in  1825  ; 
he  came  from  there  to  Iowa  in  1850 ; 
stopped  at  Iowa  City  until  the  Spring  of 
1852;  came  to  Le  Grand  Tp.  and  set- 
tled on  Sec.  13.  The  town  of  Le  Grand 
was  laid  out  that  year  partly  on  his  fa- 
ther's land;  there  were  then  about  a  half 
dozen  families  in  this  township.  Maren 
go,  in  Iowa  Co.,  was  their  nearest  post 
office,  twenty-three  miles  distant,  and 
only  an  occasional  settler.  Married  Es- 
ther W.  Haines  Nov.  2,  1848,  in  Ohio  ; 
she  was  born  March  17,  1825 ;  they 
have  three  children — Leanna  J.,  Sarah 
M.  and  Chakley  W.,  all  of  whom  are 
still  at  home.  Members  of  Friends' 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Allman,  John,  retired  farmer,  Sec.  13. 

ARXOL.D,  RICHARD,  Le  Grand, 
dealer  in  fancy  groceries,  fruits,  house 
plants,  etc.;  also  express  agent  and  Nota- 
ry Public,  which  position  he  has  held  for 
twelve  yeai-s ;  was  born  in  Wood  Co., 
West  Va.,  Aug.  31,  1822;  his  parents 
moved  to  Washington  Co.,  Ohio,  when 
he  was  about  1  year  old.  Came  to  Linn 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  the  Fall  of  1856,  and  to 
Marshall  Co.  in  1858;  settled  in  Mari- 
etta ;  came  to  Le  Grand  in  1864,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  Was  married  to 
Elizabeth  Kesler  Sept.  10,  1845  ;  she 
died  March  22,  1857,  leaving  husband 
and  four  children  to  mourn  her  loss — 
William  K.,  AlonzoB.,  Levi  G.  and  Rox- 
ena  ;  again  married  Catharine  Glass- 
have,  by  whom  he  has  five  chil- 
dren— Jacob  B.,  George,  Ora  M.,  and 
Oscar ;  lost  one,  Elizabeth.  Mr.  Ar- 
nold is  a  member  of  the  Order  of  A.,  F. 
k  A.  M.     Republican. 

Arnold,  Joseph,  stoiu'  mason.  Le  Grand. 

AVSTIX,  THOMAS  D.,  farmer, 
and  proprietor  of  Spring  Valley  Farm,  S. 
7  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  owns  360  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S45  per  acre;  born 
Jan.  14,  1810,  in  Davie  Co.,  N.  C;  re- 


mained there  until  Dec,  1830,  when  he 
moved  to  Cliutcm  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he 
followed  farming  and  carpenter  and 
joiner  work  to  some  extent;  came  from 
thereto  this  county  in  the  Fall  of  1864, 
and  on  to  his  present  fiirm  in  the  Spring 
of  1865.  He  was  married  to  Mary  J. 
Austin  in  March,  1833,  in  Ohio  ;  she 
was  born  June  29,  1809,  in  Charleston, 
West  Va.,  have  five  children  living — 
Samuel  J.,  Alexander  M.,  Elsworth  S., 
Lydia  E.  and  Mary  E. ;  lost  four — Will- 
iam F.,  Isabel  A.,  Melinda  E.,  Thomas 
J.  Mr.  Austin  has  been  a  member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church  since  1832,  and  for 
many  years  has  been  a  local  minister  in 
the  Church  ;  Republican. 

B AIR,  ALBERT,  lightning  rod  dealer. 
Le  Grand. 

BAER,  JOHX  C,  farmer,  S.  33  ; 
P.  0.  Dillon  ;  owns  220  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  Oct.  28, 
1815,  in  Bavaria,  Germany;  he  learned 
the  carpenter  and  joiner's  trade  in  Ger- 
riany;  he  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1839,  and  settled  in  Alleghany  Co,, 
Md.  ;  worked  at  his  trade  there  until 
1853,  when  he  came  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa, 
where  he  continued  working  at  his  trade 
until  he  came  to  this  county  in  1869. 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  Married 
Anna  Weigle  in  Iowa  City,  June  20. 
1843 ;  she  was  born  in  Gei-many  Oct. 
14,  1823  ;  have  twelve  children  living — 
Henry,  George,  Ann,  Maggie,  Barbara, 
Frederick,  Hannah,  Louisa,  John,  Kate.' 
William  and  Mary  ;  lost  two — Lena  and 
Mary.  Members  of  the  Lutheran  Church; 
Democrat. 

Barker,  Abel,  carpenter,  Le  Grand. 

Banash,  Jas.,  laborer.  Quarry. 

Barton,  S.,  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Bean,  J.  L.,  far.,  S.  12 ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Reede,  J.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

BKl^EHICT,  W.tJ.,  dealer  in  dry 
goods  and  general  merchandise  ;  also, 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Le  Grand 
Mills,  and  dealer  in  real  estate,  lime,  etc., 
Le  Grand  ;  born  in  Monroe  Co.,  Ohio, 
Jan.  10,  1833;  came  from  there  to 
this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1857  ;  has 
followed  farming,  stock  and  real  estate 
business   up   to    1867,   when    he   com- 

3 


592 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


menced  the  dry  goods  business.  Mar- 
ried C.  A.  Youngs  Oct.  6,  1859,  in 
this  county  ;  was  born  May  6,  1844,  in 
Miami  Co.,  Ohio;  have  four  children — 
Wilford  W.,  Susie  L.,  Aretta  M.  and 
Charles  V.  Mr.  Benedict  has  been  one 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  Le 
Grand,  which  has  been  of  great  advan- 
tage to  the  town  as  well  as  of  profit  to 
himself.  Republican. 
BENJAMIN,  DWICJHT,  far. 
Sec.  12;  P.  0.  Le  Grand  ;  owns  a 
farm  of  eighty  acres,  valued  at  $4,200  ; 
born  Jan.  8,  1821,  in  Cortland  Co.,  N. 
Y.  ;  he  was  left  without  a  mother  at  the 
age  of  1 1  years  ;  his  father  moved  into 
Steuben  Co.  in  1848,  and  remained 
there  three  years  ;  afterward,  he  went  to 
California,  where  he  remained  about  two 
years,  and  then  came  to  Whiteside 
County,  Illinois  ;  was  there  about  seven 
years;  he  then  came  to  Lyons,  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  eight  years ;  he 
then  came  to  this  county,  where  he  now 
lives.  He  was  married  to  Lydia  A. 
Head  Feb.  15,  1845;  she  was  born 
March  10,  1822,  in  Madison  Co.,  N. 
Y. ;  have  one  daughter — Carrie  V.,  born 
Jan.  16,  18t!l.  Baptist  ;  Republican 
in  politics. 
Bentley,  J.  A.,  brick  maker,  Le  Grand. 
Blodget,  C.  A.,  dealer  in  drugs,  Le  Grand. 
Boorash,  J.,  lab.;  P.  0.  Quarry. 
Brand.  A.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  O.  Dillon. 
Brand,  G.,  far.,  S.  HO  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 
BRATT,  C.  C,  farmer,  stock  and 
real  estate  dealer  ;  P.  O.  Quarry  ;  owns 
320  acres  of  land  in  this  county  and  500 
in  Tama  Co. ;  born  June  23,  1825,  in 
Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  came  from  there  to 
Iowa  in  the  Spring  of  1859,  and  settled 
in  Tama  Co.,  and  from  there  to  this 
county,  in  December,  1872.  Married 
Miss  Ada  Peterson,  of  Kendall  Co.,  111., 
May  23,  1848;  she  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1828,  in  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  have  four 
children  living — Albert  P.,  born  Feb. 
25,  1849;  Alice  E.,  born  March  1, 
1852;  John  F.,  born  Dec.  11,  1858, 
and  Mary  A.,  burn  July  15,  1806  ;  lost 
one — Elida  A.  Mr.  Bratt  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Free- Will  Baptist 
Church  ;  Republican. 
BRI^KEKHOFF,  €.  F.,  farmer. 
Sec.  18;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  owns 
120  acres  of  land,   valued  at  $40  per 


acre  ;  born  Nov.  14,  1829,  in  Adams 
Co.,  Penn. ;  went  from  there  to  Lee  Co., 
111.,  in  the  Spring  of  1850  ;  followed  car- 
penter and  joiner  business,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  time  he  was  in  the  service 
of  his  country.  Enlisted  Aug.  12, 1862, 
in  Co.  G,  75th  111.  V.  I.,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  July  3,  1865  ;  was  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Perry ville,  Ky.,  where  he  was 
wounded  ;  was  also  at  the  battle  of  Stone 
River,  Tenn.  Married  Alice  Van 
Vranken  March  23,  1869  ;  she  was  born 
May  23,  1847,  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.; 
have  three  children — Ida  A.,  Gertrude 
E.  and  George.  Member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  ;  Republican. 

Brucklacker,  M.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Brunig,  C,  far..  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

CHAMBERS,  J.  N.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

Chambers,  J.  H.  C,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0. 
Marslialltown. 

Chinburg,  C.  J.,  merchant,  Dillon. 

CHIKN,  JOHN  H.,  farmer  and 
breeder  of  Poland-China  hogs,  fancy 
poultry,  etc.,  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $50  per  acre ;  born  Sept.  14, 1845,  in 
Davie  Co.,  N.  C,  where  he  remained  till 
after  the  war.  He  espoused  the  cause  of 
the  Confederates,  and  enHsted  in  1861, 
in  Co.  C.  of  the  17th  Va.  Cavalry;  was 
in  thirty-two  battles  and  skirmishes ; 
was  slightly  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Monocacy,  Md.  ;  was  taken  prisoner  by 
Custer's  command  at  the  battle  of  Laura 
Valley,  Va. ;  was  released  after  seven 
months'  imprisonment  at  Point  Lookout. 
Followed  merchandising  two  years  after 
the  war  closed ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1868.  Married  Lydia  E.  Austin  Nov. 
25,  1869  ;  she  was  born  Feb.  15,  1846, 
in  Ohio ;  have  five  children  living — 
Maximilian  F.,  Minnie  B.,  Nellie  M., 
Harry  E.  and  Charles  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Chinii  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

CHILSOX,  W.  H.,  dealer  in  hard- 
ware, tinware,  agricultural  implements, 
in  partnership  with  a  Mr.  Thompson, 
Le  Grand  ;  was  born  July  23,  1836,  in 
Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio  ;  parents  moved 
to  Stark  Co.  when  he  was  about  1  year 
old  :  they  subsequently  moved  to  Tus- 
carawas Co.,  and  to  Defiance  Co.,  and 
to  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1856.  Was 
married  there    to    Frances    A.    Martin 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP. 


593 


May  6,  1860;  she  was  bovn  in  1842,  in 
Huron  Co.,  Ohio ;  have  six  children — 
Cora,  Jennie,  Carlton,  Eva,  Arthur  B. 
and  Bertha.  Mr.  Chilson  commenced 
the  hardware  business  here  in  1870.  Is 
a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

€L.IFFORI>,  JOHX  G.,  farmer, 
also  stone  and  brick  mason.  Sec.  5,  P.  0. 
Marshalltown ;  owns  458  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre  ;  born  Dec.  1, 
1833, in  Gloucestershire,  England;  came 
with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  in 
1851,  and  settled  at  .Dixon,  111.,  where 
he  remained  till  he  came  to  this  county, 
in  March,  1854;  stopped  at  Marshall- 
town,  and  followed  his  trade  till  about 
two  years  ago,  when  he  came  on  to  his 
present  farm.  He  was  married  to  Flor- 
ence G.  Barden  Dec.  10,  186G,  in  this 
county ;  she  was  born  June  22,  1848, 
in  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.;  have  five  children 
living — Albert,  Charles,  Ernest,  Edwin 
and  Harry  ;  lost  one — Eugene.  In  poli- 
tics, Independent. 

CO  ATE,  A.  M.,  Quarry ;  dealer  in 
grain,  agricultural  implements,  coal,  etc.; 
is  also  Justice  of  the  Peace,  which  office 
he  has  held  for  eight  y^ars ;  born  Oct. 
14,  1839,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio;  came  to 
Iowa  Co,,  Iowa,  with  his  parents  in 
1853,  and  from  there  to  this  county  in 
1859.  Was  married  to  Alice  Jones 
Sept.  29,  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1842,  and  died  July  27, 
1868.  He  was  again  married  to  Lavina 
Bacon,  Nov.  27,  1870  ;  she  was  born  in 
April,  1845,  in  Lycoming  Co.,  Penn.; 
have  four  children — Lora  M.,  by  first 
wife,  and  Cresswell  A.,  Albertus  B.  and 
Harriet  l>y  second  wife.  Member  of 
the  Christian  Church  ;  Republican. 

Coate,  D.  A.,  pun)p  dealer.  Quarry. 

Coate,  E.,  carpenter  and  joiner,  Quarry. 

Coate,  S.  T.,  minister  of  Christian  Church, 
Quarry. 

COPPOCK,  A.  B.,  farmer.  Sec. 
17  ;  owns  137  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $30  per  acre;  born  Dec.  11, 1852,  in 
Miami  Co.,  Ohio ;  his  parents  came  to 
this  county  in  1855,  and  settled  on  the 
farm  where  they  still  live,  on  Sec.  16. 
Mr.  Coppock  married  Miss  L.  C.  Mote, 
daughter  of  S.  T.  Mote,  of  this  town- 
ship, Feb.  18,  1875,  and  came  on  to  his 
present  farm  the   same  year ;  she  was 


born  July  14,  1855,  in  Ohio  ;  have 
three  children — Warner  H.,  Ray  E.  and 
Omar.  Republican. 
COPPOCK,  C.  D.,  farmer.  Sec.  16 ; 
P.  ().  Quarry;  owns  345  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre ;  born  Nov.  IS, 
1825,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio  ;  came  from 
there  to  Iowa  in  the  Fall  of  1854  ;  set- 
tled near  the  town  of  Le  Grand ;  came 
on  to  his  present  farm  in  the  Spring  of 
1860.     Married  Mary   Yount  Oct.  14, 

1849,  in  Ohio  ;  she  was  born  July  31, 
1827,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  two 
children — Newlin    H.,  born    April  13, 

1850,  and  Alden  B.,  Dec.  11,  1851. 
Mr.  Coppock  is  a  stanch  Republican. 

Coppock,  Ephriara,  weaver,  Quarry. 
Coppock,  Newlin,  stock  dealer,  Dillon. 
Craig,  T.  P.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 
Craig.  W.W.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0  Le  Grand. 

DODGE,  E.  M.,  farmer.  Sec.  22  ;  P. 
0.  Le  Grand. 
Doty,  David,  cattle  herder;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 
Dougherty,  David,  far.;  P.  0.  Quarry. 
Dougherty,  Jas.  L.,  far.;  P.O.  Quarry. 
Drury,  Isaiah,  far.,  S.  3;  P.  0.  Quarry. 
Duncan,  S.  A.,  laborer  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

EHLERS,  HENRY,  farmer.  Sec.  34 ; 
P.  0.  Dillon. 
Elfick,  John,  shoemaker,  Dillon. 
Emery,  J.  B.,  wagon  maker,  Le  Grand. 
Enje,  Jorgen,  far. ;   P.  O.  Dillon. 
Erick.son,    John,  farmer,  Sec.  22 ;    P.  O, 
Dillon. 

FARQUHAR,  WILLIAM,  carpenter 
and  joiner,  Le  Grand. 

FARCillH  AR,  BEX  J  AMIN  F., 

dealer  in  furniture,  glass,  picture  frames, 
undertaker,  Le  Grand;  born  Oct. •!, 
1849,  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio;  parents 
moved  to  this  county  in  1854,  and  set- 
tled in  this  township,  where  they  still 
reside.  Mr.  Farqubar  was  married  to 
Miss  Samantha  L.  Hammond  April  9, 
1874  ;  she  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio.  Mr.  F.  has  been  in  business 
here  since  the  Fall  of  1874.  Members 
of  the  Friends'  Church  ;  Republican. 
FARQl'HAR,  C.  C,  Le  Grand; 
dealer  in  real  estate,  also  breeder  of 
fiincy  breeds  of  poultry;  born  Jan.  19, 
1845,  in  Jefierson  Co.,  Ohio  ;  came  with 
parents  to  this  county  in  1854;  it  was 
then  but  sparsely  settled.  Married 
Rachel  G.  Hammond  Aug.  18,  1870; 
she  was  born    in    Jefferson  Co..  Ohio. 


594 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


March  4,  1840.  They  are  members  of 
the  B'riends'  Cliurch  ;  Republiciiu. 

Fay,  John,  laborer,  DiHon. 

FII^HER,  JOSEPH  C,  dealer 
in  drugs  and  medicines,  also  agent  for 
Singer  Sewing  Machine,  Le  Grand ;  wa.s 
born  Aug.  19,  1848,  in  London,  En- 
gland ;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
18G9  ;  remained  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
until  1870,  when  he  came  to  this 
county ;  stopped  in  Marshall  a  short 
time;  followed  farming  Summers  and 
teaching  Winters,  till  he  commenced  his 
present  business  here  in  1877.  Is  a 
member  of  the  Episcopal  Church ;  Re- 
publican. 

Foot,  P.,  far. ;  A.  0.  Dillon. 

Foot;  E.  E.,  far..  S.  28:  P.  0.  Dillon. 

FORREY,  DAVID  B.,  farmer, 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  owns 
127  acres  of  land  valued  at  $40  per 
acre  ;  born  Jan.  29,  1833,  in  Coshocton 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  parents  moved  from  there 
to  Henry  Co..  Ind.,  in  1838,  and  to 
Putnam  Co.  in  1853,  and  from  there  to 
this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1860.  At 
his  country's  call,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany H,  13th  Iowa  V.  I.,  in  Oct., 
1861,  and  served  during  the  war  nearly 
four  years  ;  he  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Shiloh,  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and 
was  also  with  Sherman's  army  on  his 
march  to  the  sea ;  also  at  the  battle  and 
surrender  of  Johnston's  army.  Married 
Mary  J.  Chambers  March  24,  1864 ; 
she  was  born  Oct.  10,  1842,  in  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  have  seven  children — Nancy  M., 
Wilmer  H.,  Charlotte  E.,  Martha  J., 
Heber  B.,  Trecy  B.  and  Davie  S.  Mr. 
'Forrey  came  on  his  present  farm  in 
1874.  Is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Fortner.  H.,  minister,  Le  Grand. 

Fortneri  J.  F.,  far.,  S.  14  ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

FUI.L.ER,  STEPHEN  H.,  far.. 
Sec.  32  ;  P.  O.  Dillon;  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $3U  per  acre ;  born 
Oct.  24,  1827,  in  Mason  Co.,Ky.,  where 
he  remained  until  he  came  to  this 
county  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  and  settled 
in  Jefferson  Tp.,  and  from  there  to  his 
present  farm  in  1865.  Married  Miss 
Lutitia  Robison  April  14,  1847  ;  she 
was  born  April  23,  1826 ;  have  three 
children— William    M.,   born   Feb.   10, 


1848 ;  Henry  A.,  born  Sept.  23,  1850, 

and  Mary  L.,  born  in  Dec,  1854.     Mr. 

Fuller  is    a  member    of  the   Christian 

Church  ;   Democrat. 
Fuller,  H.  A.,  far.,  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 
r^  ARLICK,  J.,  lab.,  Le  Grand. 

Garey,  G.  W.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Giftbrd,  W.  B.,  far.;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Gimrie,  C,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Giard,  R.,  lab.  ;   P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Greener,  J.,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

GRECrtr,  R.  B.,  dealer  in  dry  goods 
and  general  merchandise,  Quarry  ;  born 
March  29,  1853,  in  Connecticut.  His 
father,  William  Gregg,  was  R.  R.  con- 
tractor for  several  years,  which,  of 
course,  caused  him  to  remain  but  a 
short  time  at  one  place ;  he  finally  set- 
tled in  York  Co.,  Maine,  in  1860,  where 
still  resides.  R.  B.  Gregg  came  to  this 
station  in  May,  1877,  and  soon  after 
commenced  his  present  business.  Re- 
publican. 

Gummert,  A.,  far.,  S.  32;  P.  0  Dillon. 

Gummert,  P.,far.,S.   32;   P.O.Dillon. 

Gummert,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  2  ;   P.  0.  Quarry. 

HALL,  HENRY,  H.,  far.,  Sec.  6  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Halverson,  J.,  lar.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

HAMMOND,  A.  L.,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Le  Grand  ;  owns  a  farm  of  314  acres, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre :  born  Nov.  4, 
1838,  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio  ;  emigrated 
to  this  county  in  1862 ;  came  on  to  his 
present  farm  in  1868.  Married  Caroline 
Hirst  Sept.  6, 1868 ;  she  was  born  March 
17,  1844,  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio;  have 
four  children — Mary,  born  Nov.  5. 
1869  ;  Edna  0.,  Nov.  5.  1871 ;  Edwin 
R..  Nov.  4,  1873  ;  Arthur  H.,  May  21, 
1877.  Is  a  member  of  the  Friends' 
Church;   Republican. 

Hammond,  Ben].,  retired  far.,  Le  Grand. 

HAMMOND,  (tJEOR<j}E,  farmer 
and  breeder  of  thorough-bred  stock,  Sec. 
13;  P.  0.  LeGrand;  owns  1,072  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ;  born 
Feb.  29,  1828,  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio; 
came  from  there  to  this  county  in  the 
Spring  of  1852  ;  remained  that  Sum- 
mer, and  returned  to  Ohio  and  spent  the 
Winter,  and  returned  the  following  year 
to  Le  Grand,  purchased  a  steam  saw- 
mill in  company  with  his  brother,  which 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP. 


595 


they  ran  for  eight  years  ;  for  the  last 
sixteen  years  he  has  devoted  his  time  to 
farming,  feeding  and  shi})ping  stock. 
Married  Jane  Leach  Aug.  U,  1857,  in 
this  county;  she  was  born  Sept.  11, 
1831, in  Columbiana  Co., Ohio;  have  four 
children  living — Frank,  Alden,  Ross  and 
Henry  W.;  lost  one — Mary  R.  Mrs. 
Hammond  is  a  member  of  the  Friends' 
Church  ;   Republican. 

HAMjJlOXD,    HIRAM,    one   of 

proprietors  of  the  Le  Grand  Mills  ;  born 
Feb.  20,  183*2,  in  Jefterson  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
came  with  his  parents  to  this  county  in 
1854  ;  settled  one  and  a  half  miles  west 
from  Le  Grand,  and  exchanged  that  for 
his  present  home  on  Sec.  1,  in  1876, 
where  he  has  forty  acres,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre  ;  he  also  owns,  in  company  with 
Mr.  W.  G.  Benedict,  640  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre,  including  mills. 
Was  married  to  Anna  Foglesong  Aug. 
30,  1856,  in  this  county  ;  she  was  born 
in  1834  in  Darke  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  six 
children — Margaret  E.,  Louis  A.,  Mary 
E.,  Sarah  A.,  Nettie  and  Charles.  Is  a 
member  of  the  Friends'  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

Hammer,  L.,far.,  S.  14;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Hanegan,  A.  D.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

Hanegan,  W.  B.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

HANEGAN,  WM.,  farmer,  and 
agent  for  the  United  States  Organ, 
manufactured  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Sec. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  he  owns  129 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ;  he 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1831,  in  Columbiana 
Co.  Ohio;  went  from  there  to  Stark  Co., 
where  he  remained  till  the  Spring  of 
1857,  when  he  came  to  Iowa,  and  stopped 
in  Marshalltown  till  the  Fall  of  1860  ; 
he  then  moved  on  to  a  farm  near  where 
he  now  lives.  Married  Mary  Pierson 
March  15,  1852,  in  Ohio;  she  was  born 
Feb.  6,  1833,  in  Stark  Co.,  Ohio ;  have 
four  children — Marshall  P.,  Wilber  B., 
Elmer  E.  and  Frank  R.  Mr.  Hanegan 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  and 
a  Republican. 

HANKS,  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  Dillon  ;  owns  a  farm  of  eighty 
acres,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  born  Sept. 
8,  1827,  in  JliamiCo.,  Ohio  ;  came  from 
there  to  Iowa  in  1851  ;  settled  in  Henry 
Co. ;  came  from  there  to  this  county  in 


1863,  and  on  to  his  present  farm  in  1869- 
He  is  serving  the  people  ot  his  township 
as  Justice  of  the  Peace.  Married  Eliza 
De  Witt  Dec.  28,  1856,  in  Henry  Co., 
Iowa;  she  was  born  March  16.  1829,  in 
Prince  Edwards  Co.,  Canada  West ;  have 
no  children.     Republican. 

Harding,  R.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Harrison,  E.  H.,  far.,  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

HASKIN,  CALEB  A.,  farmer. 
Sec.  32  ;  P.  O.  Dillon  ;  owns  316  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  he  was 
born  Nov.  16,  1825,  in  Addison  Co., 
Vt. ;  his  parents  movi'd  to  Monroe  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1834,  and  in  1 840,  he  came  to 
La  Grange  Co.,  Ind.,  where  he  remained 
about  two  years  ;  then  went  to  Elkhart 
Co.,  and  was  married  there  to  Rebecca 
Lacey  May  27,  1849 ;  she  was  born 
Feb.'l2,  1830,  in  Ohio.  He  came  out 
to  this  county  in  1853,  and  entered  his 
land  where  he  now  lives,  and  moved  his 
family  out  in  1855  ;  he  left  his  farm  in 
the  Fall  of  1870  and  moved  to  Griunell, 
and  returned  in  the  Spring  of  1876. 
Have  four  children — Albert  R..  Anna 
C,  Melissa  J.,  Hattie  M.  ;  Albert  R.  is 
acting  as  one  of  the  professors  in  East- 
man's College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  and 
Anna  C.'s  husband,  Adam  Grimes,  is 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Amity  Col- 
lege, Page  Co.,  Iowa  ;  Melissa  J.  mar- 
ried Charles  F.  Ricker,  of  Grinnell.  Mr. 
Hasken  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  is  a  Republican. 

Harris,  G.,  far.,  S.  20 ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Hart,  H.  H.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Quarrv. 

Hayworth.  D.  M.,far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

HEALD,  SIWWELIi,  dealer  in 
grain,  lumber  and  coal,  Le  Grand  ;  born 
Aug.  3,  1825,  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio; 
moved  to  Knox  Co.  in  the  Fall  of  1850, 
and  to  Morrow  Co.  in  1853,  and  from 
there  to  this  county  in  1858:  settled 
near  Le  Grand ;  remained  there  about 
eight  years,  then  moved  to  Poweshiek 
Co.,  at  Searboro,  on  the  Central  Road  ; 
operated  in  the  grain  and  lumber  busi- 
ness ;  returned  to  Le  Grand  in  January, 
1876,  where  he  is  following  the  same 
business.  Married  Mary  Hickien  March 
19,  1846  ;  she  died  Nov.  15,  1848  ;  was 
again  marrit'd,  to  Harriet  McGrew,  Dec. 
5,  1850  ;  she  was  born  Nov.  15,  1820; 
has  four  children  by  second  wife — Will- 


596 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY; 


iam  H.,  Abner  J.,  Martha  E.  and  Sina 
F.  Member  of  the  Friends'  Church  ; 
Republican. 

Henderson,  John,  far.,  S.  26. 

Hendorf,  F.,  far.,  S.  33  ;   P.  0.  Dillon. 

HOOVER,     SOLOIIOX      Y., 

farmer,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Quarry ;  owns 
97^  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $45  per 
acre;  born  Sept.  19,  1825,  in  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio ;  came  from  there  to  this 
county  in  1856,  and  settled  on  his 
farm.  Was  married  to  Margaret  S. 
Mote  Nov.  24,  1853,  in  Ohio ;  she  was 
born  July  14,  1830;  they  have  five 
living  children — Lucy  A.,  William  B., 
Delilah  S.,  Mary  A..  Louis  C;  lost  four 
— Olive  E.,  Loren,  Elijah  and  Edith. 
Is  a  member  of  the  Friends'  Church ; 
Republican. 

Hulin,  0.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

HUJ^EBOE,  MATHIAS  H., 
farmer,  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Dillon ;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  per 
acre;  born  Feb.  15,  1828,  in  Stavanger, 
Norway,  where  he  lived  till  he  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1864,  and  settled 
in  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa.  He  was  married 
in  Norway   to  Helga  Olsdatter  in    Oct., 

1851  ;  she  was  born  in  Norway  in  Oct., 

1852  ;  have  four  children — Matthias, 
Helga,  Bertha  and  Thea.  Mr.  Huse- 
boe  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends :     Republican. 

INGEBRETSON,  OLE,  farmer,  Sec. 
26  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 
INMAX,  DAVID,  farmer,  Sec. 
16;  P.O.  Quarry;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  was 
born  Sept  8,  1836,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
emigrated  to  Le  Grand  in  this  county 
in  the  Fall  of  1853.  Enlisted  in  the 
service  of  his  country  in  Sept.,  1862, 
taking  his  faithful  dog  Doc  with  him, 
which  continued  with  the  regiment  (  Co. 
K,  of  the  23d  I.  V.  I),  till  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  returned  home  with  his 
master,  and  died  at  home  Dec.  14, 
1875.  Mr.  Inman  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Port  Gibson,  where  he  was 
sliglitly  wounded  in  the  head  by  two 
balls ;  was  taken  to  the  hospital  and  his 
faithful  dog  went  with  him  ;  after  his 
recovery  he  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Black  River  Bridge,  Milliken's  Bend, 
siege  of  Vicksburg  and  Mobile,  Ala. 
Man-ied   Phoebe    Richards    Sept.    21, 


1855,  in  this  county  ;  she  was  born  in 
Ohio  Jan.  29,  1830 ;  have  no  children 
living ;  lost  one  son  ;  have  a  niece,  his 
wife's  sister's  child,  who  they  are  rais- 
ing ;  her  namt;  his  Phoebe  M.  Hayes. 
Mr.  Inman  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church ;     Republican. 

Inman,  S.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Ives,  E.  W.,  far.;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

yOHNSON,  P..  far.;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

JONES,  BARCLAY^  farmer  and 
minister  of  th,e  Gospel,  Sec.  10  ;  P.  O. 
Quarry ;  owns  a  farm  of  124  acres, 
valued  at  $6,000 ;  born  May  15,  1844, 
in  Cass  Co.,  Ind. ;  he  went  with  his 
parents  to  Howard  Co.,  in  1854;  at- 
tended the  Friends'  Seminary  at  Adrian, 
Mich.,  in  1867  ;  returned  to  Hamilton 
Co.,  Ind.,  and  married  Rhoda  Kendall, 
July  7,  1870  ;  she  was  born  Sept.  30, 
1848,  in  same  county  ;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1871,  and  settled  on  the  farm  ad- 
joining their  present  home  ;  have  two 
children — Henry  0.  and  Clinton  H. 
Mr.  Jones  has  been  acting  as  a  Recorded 
Minister  in  the  Friends'  Church  for  six 
years ;     Republican. 

JONES,  PHILEMON,  farmer,  S. 
10  ;  P.  O.  Quarry  ;  born  May  12,  1830, 
in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio ;  came  from  there 
to  this  county  in  June,  1857  ;  the  county 
was  then  very  sparsely  settled.  He  mar- 
ried Esther  Coate  March  20,  1850;  she 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1829,  in  Miami  Co., 
Ohio  ;  have  two  children — Mary  and 
Mattie  ;  both  of  them  are  married  ;  has 
a  small  boy  whom  he  is  raising,  named 
Oren  N.  Coate.  Mr.  Jones  has  served 
his  county  as  Supervisor  one  tei'm.  Is 
a  member  of  the  Friends'  Church.  Re- 
publican. Owns  a  farm  of  seventy. five 
acres,  valued  at  $4,500. 
TT^NOX,  A.,  far.,  S.  16;   P.  0.  Dillon. 

KEEN,  G.  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  23  ;  P. 
0.  Le  Grand;  owns  320  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  born  Jan.  12, 
1821,  in  Baltimore  Co.,  Md. ;  followed 
raising  vegetables  for  the  city  market ; 
came  from  there  to  this  county  in  1872, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  Mar- 
ried Eliza  M.  Smardin  Feb.  19,  1846  ; 
she  was  born  Sept.  16,  1824,  in  Devon- 
shire, England ;  have  seven  children 
living — Charlotte  E.,  Nicholas  0.,  Wm. 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP. 


597 


G.,  Cora  E.,  Alice  G.,  Winfield  S. 
and  Edith  J. ;  lost  four  children — Ros- 
alie, Henry  C,  Edward  R.  and  Mary  J. 
Mr.  Keen  and  fiimily  are  members  of 
the  Episcoi)al  Church  ;   Republican. 

Kouchy,  H.,  lab. ;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

Krouse,  F.,  far. ;   P.  0.  Dillon. 

Kubik,  J.,  lab. ;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

LEACH,  C.  N.,  far.,  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

LEECH,  SAMUEI.  Y.,  former, 
Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand  ;  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  Dec.  29,  1836,  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio ;  came  to  Iowa  in  the 
Fall  of  1855  ;  stopped  in  Iowa  City  a 
short  time,  and  then  went  to  Cedar  Co., 
in  Springdale  Tp.  ;  remained  about 
eighteen  months,  and  then  came  to  Le 
Grand,  in  this  county,  in  1857  ;  re- 
mained there  uutil  1863;  he  went  to 
Tama  Co.,  and  from  there  he  came  onto 
his  present  farm  in  1865.  He  is  at 
present  Township  Assessor,  and  is  serv- 
ing his  second  term  of  office.  He  mar- 
ried Anna  E.  Trahen  Jan.  1, 1860  ;  she 
was  born  Sept.  16,  1838,  in  Knox  Co., 
Ohio  ;  have  five  children — Willis  E., 
Louis,  Cornelius,  Norman  D.  and  one 
an  infant  not  named.  Mr.  Leech  is  a 
member  of  the  Friends'  Church,  and  is 
a  strong  Republican. 

Lentz,  H.,far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Lippencott,  S.  C.  fur.,  S.  15;  P.  0. 
Quarry. 

MASTERSON,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 
McCOOL.,  RILEY,  dealer  in  light- 
ning rods,  pumps,  etc.,  Le  Grand  ;  born 
Nov.  22,  1823,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio; 
followed  the  mercantile  business  in  the 
town  of  Laura  of  said  county,  from  1849 
to  1857,  then  came  to  this  county,  and 
settled  in  Le  Grand ;  commenced  the 
mercantile  business  the  same  year,  and 
was  burned  out  Dec.  11,  1858  ;  loss, 
about  $3,000  ;  no  insurance;  he  again 
rallied  and  commenced  business  in 
1 86-4  ;  continued  only  about  a  year, 
when  he  sold  out,  and  has  since  followed 
his  present  business.  Married  Mary  A. 
Waymire  Nov.  3,  1842  ;  she  was  born 
Dec.  22,  1825,  in  Montgomery  Co., 
Ohio  ;  have  one  daughter — Sarah  A.  ; 
lost  two  sons — Thomas  and  Henry  W. ; 
the   latter  died    in    the    service  of  his 


country  ,  was  in  the  4-l:th  Iowa  V.  I. 
Is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  ; 
Republican. 

Mc€ORI>,  ROBERT  C,  farmer, 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  owns  245 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ; 
born  June  16,  1830,  in  Washtenaw  Co., 
Mich.;  his  parents  moved  to  Steuben 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1839,  and  in  1847,  he  went 
to  Erie  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  made  his 
home  till  1854,  when  he  returned  to 
Steuben  Co.,  Ind.,  in  the  Fall,  and  the 
following  Spring,  went  to  Fillmore  Co., 
Minn.,  near  Spring  Valley  ;  came  from 
there  to  this  county  in  1874.  Married 
Julia  A.  Ham  Aug.  20,  1856,  in  Min- 
nesota ;  she  was  born  March  4, 1835,  in 
New  York  ;  have  four  children  living — 
Henry  A.,  William  D.,  Delbert  H.  and 
George  B.,  lost  three — Julia  K.,  Rosa 
B.  and  John  A.  Mr.  McCord  enlisted 
in  1864  in  Co.  I,  11th  Minn.  Reg.,  and 
was  in  the  service  eleven  months.  Is  a 
member  of  the  M.  E.  Church;  Demo- 
crat. 

McGREW,  D.  D.,  farmer,  Sec.  12; 
makes  a  specialty  of  small  fruits,  straw- 
berries, etc.;  owns  212  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $10,000  ;  was  born  Oct.  3, 
1824,  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio  ;  moved  to 
Knox  Co.  in  1848,  and  from  there  to 
this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1856  ;  set- 
tled in  this  township ;  entered  from 
Government  the  northeast  quarter  of 
Sec.  36,  which  he  still  owns.  Married 
Deborah  Hammond  March  9,  1848,  in 
Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio;  she  was  born  Dec. 
20,  1829,  died  Oct.  13,  1859,  in  Iowa  ; 
was  again  married  to  Alpha  Pierson 
Jan.  23,  1861  ;  she  was  born  Dec.  15, 
1839,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  nine 
children,  four  by  first  wife — Benjamin 
H.  and  Jacob  B.  are  livhig,  Anderson 
H.  and  Harriet  C.  are  dead  ;  by  second 
wife,  iMargaret  H.,  Henry  f}.  and  Sarah 
E.  are  living,  Mary  E.  and  Martha  A. 
are  dead.  Mr.  McGrew  and  family  are 
members  of  the  Friends'  Church ;  Re- 
publican. 

McGREW,  F.  B.,  Postmaster,  Jus- 
tice of  the  Pi'ace  and  dealer  in  grocer- 
ies, etc.,  Le  Grand  ;  born  in  Jefferson 
Co.,  Ohio,  April  8.  1832  ;  at  the  age  of 
16,  he  left  there  with  his  parents,  and 
moved  to  Knox  Co.,  Ohio  ;  remained 
there    till    1856.   when    he   came  with 


598 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY  : 


three  of  his  brothers  to  this  county,  and 
settled  in  this  township  ;  followed  farm- 
ing till  1877,  when  he  eame  into  town 
to  follow  his  present  business.  Married 
Mary  Traher  April  6,  1854,  in  Kent 
Co.,  Ohio;  she  was  born  in  the  same 
county  Aug.  24,1835;  have  six  chil- 
dren living — William  T.,  Martha,  Sam- 
uel, Jacob  B.,  Mary  L.  and  Susan  L. 
Mr.  McGrew  is  a  member  of  the 
Friends'  Church ;  Republican. 

McXAJIARA,  JOHW,  former  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Dillon; 
owns  230  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre;  born  July  4,  1832,  in  County 
Clare,  Ireland  ;  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1851,  and  settled  in  Baltimore  Co., 
Md.;  followed  gardening  and  raising 
vegetables  for  the  city  market ;  came 
from  there  to  this  county  in  1876  ;  set- 
tled on  his  present  farm.  Married  Jo- 
hana  Hayes  June  29,1856,  in  Maryland  ; 
she  was  born  Feb.  6,  1838,  in  County 
Cork,  Ireland  ;  have  nine  children  liv- 
ing— James  P.,  John  H.,  Mary  C, 
Michael,  George,  Ada,  Ella,  Frank  and 
Leo;  lost  four — Daniel,  Leon,  William 
S.  and  Edward  J.  Is  a  member  of  the 
Catholic  Church  ;  Democrat. 

Masterson,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 
<y-/     Melt^'edt,  K.,  far..  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Mercer,  J.  R.,  fiir.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Merritt,  G.,  attorney  at  law. 

Michener,  J.  C,  physician  and  surgeon, 
Le  Grand. 

MOORK,  JOSEPH,  far.,  S.  17 ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  born 
Nov.  22,  1810,  in  Westmoreland  Co., 
Penn.  ;  he  went  to  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1825,  and  lived  at  his  brother's  two 
years,  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania 
and  learned  the  tanner  and  currier's 
trade ;  was  there  about  three  years ; 
then  went  to  New  Lisbon,  Columbiana 
Co.,  Ohio,  and  subsequently  went  to 
Hanover,  Salem  and  Clarkson,  inthesame 
county ;  at  the  latter  place,  set  up  business 
on  his  own  account;  came  from  thereto 
this  county  in  September,  1874.  Married 
MaryHeacock  in  Ohio,  March  4,  1840  ; 
she  was  born  in  1810  in  Ohio;  have  three 
children  living — Jennie,  Louis  L.  and 
Leech ;  lost  two — James  and  Hannah. 
Democrat. 


More.  H.  G.,  laborer,  Quarry. 

Morrison,  Perry,  blacksmith,  Le  Grand. 

Morse,  L.,  far.,  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

MOTE,  E.  A.,  attorney,  Le  Grand  ; 
dealer  in  real  estate  with  W.  G.  Bene- 
dict; born  Feb.  16,  1839,  in  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio,  and  emigrated  from  there  to 
this  county  in  1865,  and  settled  in  Le 
Grand,  where  he  still  lives ;  he  has  fol- 
lowed the  dry  goods  business  in  this 
town  for  several  years  and  sold  to  W. 
G.  Benedict,  in  the  Spring  of  1870. 
He  was  married  to  Emma  L.  Loof  bou- 
row,  of  this  county ;  she  was  born  March 
13,  1851,  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio;  have 
one  son — Walter  L.;  he  was  born  Dec. 
6,  1868.  Mr.  Mote  has  held  the  office 
Justice  of  the  Peace  four  years.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Friends'  Church 
and  a  Republican. 

Mote,  J.  J.,  far.,  S.  10  ;   P.  0.  Quarry. 

MOTE,  SAMUEI.  I.,  far.,  S.  14  ; 
P.  0.  Quarry;  owns  a  farm  of  184 
acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ;  born 
Sept.  25,  1826,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio. 
Was  married  there  to  Anna  M.  Macey 
May  11,  1853;  she  was  born  in  Au- 
gust, 1835,  in  same  county  ;  came  from 
there  to  his  present  farm  in  this  county 
in  1865  ;  has  ten  children  living — Lydia 
C,  Rhoda  M.,  Louis  K.,  Mary  M., 
John  F.,  Luella  E.,  Laura  A.,  Bessie 
E.,  Arthur  S.  and  Edward  A. ;  have  lost 
one — Ada  J.  Mr.  Mote  has  served  as 
one  of  the  County  Commissioners  seven 
years,  which  indicated  that  his  services 
were  appreciated  by  his  constituents. 
Member  of  the  Friends'  church.     Rep. 

MYERS,  D.  li.,  dealer  in  lumber, 
lath,  shingles  and  (-oal  for  Woodward 
&  Son,  of  Marshall  ;  Dillon ;  born 
Feb.  19,  1840,  in  Adams  Co.,  Penn.; 
came  from  there  to  Marshalltown,  of  this 
county  in  18^2,  and  to  Dillon  in  June, 
1876.  Was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  Mil- 
ler Dec.  4.  1862;  she  was  born  June 
13,  1842,  in  Pennsylvania  ;  they  have 
five  children — Elmer,  Hiram,  Ida,  Min- 
nie and  Addie ;    Republican. 

nVTKISSE,    A.   F.,   far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  O. 

JJN       Dillon. 

NARBER,  SIMOIV  D.  S.,  farm 
er,  S.   80  ;    Dillon  ;   owns  eight  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre;  born  March 
13,     1848,    in    Lycoming  Co.,  Penn.; 
his  mother  died  when  he  was  only  thir- 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP. 


599 


teen  days  old  ;  his  father  again  married, 
and  came  to  Iowa  in  1857,  stopping  a 
short  time  in  Stephenson  Co.,  III.,  visit- 
ing friends ;  he  came  into  Benton  Co., 
where  he  remained  but  a  short  time, 
and  then  started  for  Missouri,  but  did  not 
like  the  outlook  there,  and  returned  to 
Iowa  and  stopped  in  Tama  Co.,  until  he 
came  into  Marshall  Co.,  in  1859;  Mr. 
Narber  came  on  to  his  present  farm  in 
the  Fall  of  1870.  Was  married  to  Bar- 
bara A.  Smith  Aug.  12,  1871  ;  she  was 
born  Aug.  3,  18-17,  in  Union  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
they  have  two  children — Frank  A., 
born  Aug.  24, 1873  ;  Nellie  M.,  born  Dec. 
13,  1876.  Mrs.  Narber  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church. 

NARBER,  PETER,  farmer,  S.  35  ; 
P.  0.  Dillon;  owns  160  acres  of  land 
where  he  lives,  valued  at  $40  per  acre, 
and  160  acres  in  Vienna  Tp.  of  this 
county  ;  he  was  born  Sept.  7,  1822,  in 
Lycoming  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he  lived 
until  the  Spring  of  1857,  when  he  came 
to  Iowa,  and  stopped  in  Benton  Co.  a 
short  time,  then  went  to  Missouri,  but 
never  unloaded  his  goods,  but  returned 
and  stopped  in  Tama  Co.,  and  remained 
until  he  bought  his  present  farm  in  Mar- 
shall Co.,  in  1859.  Married  Catharine 
Dewalt  Nov.  12,  1843,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, she  died  March  26,  1848  ;  he  again 
married  to  Sarah  A.  Whetland  Jan.  9, 
1849  ;  she  was  born  July  24,  1831  ; 
have  seven  children — Simon  S.  D.,  by 
first  wife,  and  by  second  wife — Will- 
iam E.,  Amelia,  Hannah  M.,  Sarah  J., 
Robert  E.  and  Peter  B.     Republican. 

Naylor,  W.  H.,  small  fruit  grower,  P.  0. 
Le  Grand. 

OLESON.  J.  B.,  farmer,  S.  26  ;  P.  0. 
Dillon. 

O^IER,  CLARENCE  II.,  book- 
keeper and  accountant,  resides  in  Balti- 
more, Md.;  born  May  14,  1856,  in  Bal- 
timore, Md.,  where  his  father  still  re- 
sides ;  he  is  stopping  this  Summer  with 
his  uncle,  (jr.  W.  Keen.     Republican. 

Oleson,  J.  B.,  far.,  S.  26;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Oleson,  J.  F.,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Oleson,  0.  B.,  far..  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

OLESON,  SOREN.  farmer.  Sec. 
26  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand  ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  he  was 
born  Feb.  23,  1827,  in  Stavanger,  Nor- 
way ;   came  from   there  to    Manitowoc, 


Wis.,  in  the  Fall  of  1854,  and  the  fol- 
lowing Spring,  went  to  Lee  Co.,  Iowa  ; 
remained  until  the  next  Fall,  when  he 
went  to  Salem,  Henry  Co.  He  was 
married  to  Anna  C.  Ravenoa  Sejit.  22, 
1858  ;  she  was  born  in  Norway  March 
31,  1842;  they  have  three  children — 
Obadiah,  born  July  1,  1859  ;  Julia  A., 
born  March  5,  1861  ;  Christopher,  born 
Oct.  22,  1862  ;  lost  one.  He  was  the 
first  Norwegian  who  settled  in  Le  Grand 
Tp.;  he  first  settled  near  Quarry  Station, 
where  he  lived  about  five  years,  and 
then  came  on  his  present  farm.  He 
was  the  first  clerk  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
organized  in  his  neighborhood.  Mr. 
Oleson's  mother  is  80  years  old.  and 
is  living  with  him,  his  father  having 
died  several  years  ago.  Member  of 
Friends'  Church  ;  Republican. 

O'Neal,  Charles,  brick  layer,  Le  Grand. 

Oneal,  J.,  far.  and  brick  layer,  Le  Grand. 

PEARSON,  DANIEL,  far.,  S.  11;  P. 
0.  Le  Grand. 

Pearson,  James,  clerk,  Le  Grand. 

Pease,  S.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

Pemberton,  D..  carp,  and  joiner,  Dillon. 

Pemberton,  E.^  far.,  S.  21";  P.  0.  Dillmi. 

Pest,  F.,  far.,  S.  30;  P.  O.  Dillon. 

Peterson,  A.,  far.,  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

PHILLIPS,  C.  A.,  Postmaster  and 
dealer  in  dry  goods,  drugs,  groceries,  etc., 
Quarry  ;  born  in  1822,  in  Tompkins  Co., 
N.  y. ;  parents  afterward  lived  in  Os- 
wego and  Onondaga  Counties  ;  he  went 
to  Marquette  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1846  ;  re- 
mained there  till  1852,  when  he  went  to 
Oregon  via  overland  route  ;  spent  fifteen 
years  there  and  in  the  Territories  adjoin- 
ing; returned  to  New  York  in  1867, 
and  the  following  year  came  to  this 
county  ;  commenced  business  here  in  the 
Spring  of  1868.  Married  Mrs.  C.  A. 
Gaylord  in  May  of  the  same  year :  she 
was  born  in  Connecticut. 

Plummer,  A.  A.,  far..  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

PLUMMER,  MARY  S.,  farming, 
Sec.  15  ;  P.  O.  Quarry  ;  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $50  jier  acre  ;  her 
maiden  name  was  Forquhar ;  she  was 
born  in  1818,  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio, 
and  was  married  to  Joseph  Plummer,  of 
the  same  county,  Dec.  31,  1837;  he 
was  born  in  Maryland  in  1801.  Moved 
to  this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1855, 
and  settled  on  present  farm  the  same 


600 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Fall.  Mr.  Pluminer  died  Jan.  10, 
1870,  leaving  his  wife  and  six  children 
to  mourn  his  loss  ;  the  children  are  Liz- 
zie, William,  Susan,  Hannah  M.,  Joseph 
and  John ;  the  last  two  are  with  their 
mother;  Joseph  has  attended  the 
Friends'  Academy,  at  Le  Grand,  for  the 
last  two  years,  and  expects  to  receive  his 
diploma  in  a  few  days,  that  will  admit 
him  to  the  Sophomore  Class  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa  City.  Mrs.  Plummer 
and  family  are  members  of  the  Friends' 
Church. 

PLOIMER,  THOMAS,  far  ,  and 
stock  raiser,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Quarry ; 
owns  374  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre;  born  in  Nov.,  1802,  in  Fred- 
erick Co.,  Md.  ;  parents  moved  from 
there,  when  he  was  about  8  years  old,  to 
JeflPerson  Co.,  Ohio;  in  1837,  he  went 
to  Lee  Co.,  111.,  and  was  married  while 
there  to  Miss  Emma  Thummel  Feb.  9, 
1840  ;  she  was  born  July  2,  1822,  in 
Germany  ;  have  six  children  living — 
Anthony,  Marion,  John,  Joseph,  Thos. 
and  Hollen ;  lost  three  children — Au- 
iTusta,  Mary  and  Susannah.     Democrat. 

Porchet,  S.  A.,  far.,  S.  32;   P.  0.  Dillon. 

REITERMAN,  C,  physician,  surgeon 
and  druggist,  Le  Grand. 
RALLI^,  JOSEPH,  far., Sec.  21 ;  P. 
0.  Dillon  ;  owns  195  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  ^35  per  acre  ;  born  Aug.  26,  1829, 
in  Logan  Co.,  Ky. ;  parents  moved  to 
Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  when  he  was  about  1 
year  old ;  at  the  age  of  17,  he  went  to 
Pike  Co.,  111.,  and  remained  there  until 
1848,  then  came  to  Jefferson  Co.,  Iowa  ; 
that  Summer,  he  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  Government,  surveying  in  Madison 
and  Dallas  Counties  ;  afterward,  lived 
in  Mahaska  and  Wapello  Counties  until 
he  came  to  this  county  in  1850,  and 
look  a  claim  near  where  Marshalltown  is 
now  ;  afterward  sold  it,  and  purchased 
his  present  farm  in  1852  ;  the  county 
was  then  a  wild  waste,  only  an  occa- 
sional settler  being  near  the  timber  and 
streams ;  he  had  to  go  forty  miles  to 
mill.  The  first  court  of  the  county  was 
iield  at  his  brother's  house,  near  where 
Marshalltown  now  is,  in  1850  or  1851. 
Married  Fanny  E.  Walker  Dec.  30, 
1852,  in  Van  Buren  Co.,  Iowa;  she  was 
born  in  Kentucky  Sept.  6,  1834;  have 
five  children  living — William  A.,  Belle 


E.,  Mellville  S.,  Nora  A.  and  Fanny  B.; 
lost  one  child — Arthur  D.  Mr.  Ralls 
lived  at  Marshalltown  from  1871  until 
1876  ;  he  then  returned  to  his  farm. 
Greenbacker. 

RESL.EY,  JOHX,  physician  and 
surgeon ;  also,  dealer  in  drugs  and  med- 
icines, Le  Grand ;  born  in  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  May  12,  1818.  His  father,  Jacob 
Resley,  settled  in  that  county  in  1815, 
and  was  among  the  earliest  settlers.  At 
the  age  of  1 6  ,  he  went  to  Granville 
College,  of  Licking  Co.,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years,  laboring  to  pay  his 
board,  tuition,  etc. ;  returned  home  and 
remained  with  his  father  two  years,  and 
then  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
under  Dr.  John  W.  Russell,  of  Mt. 
Vernon,  Ohio  ;  continued  three  years, 
and  then  attended  the  Medical  College 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  graduated 
in  1844 ;  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  his  native  county,  and  con- 
tinued two  years  ;  then  went  to  Morrow 
Co.,  where  he  remained  until  the  Fallot 
1865,  when  he  came  to  this  county.  He 
was  surgeon  for  two  years  in  the  94th 
Ohio  V.  I. ;  he  also  had  charge  of  1st 
Division  Hospital,  at  Camp  Douglas, 
Chicago,  in  1864-5.  Married  S.  R. 
Brown  Aug.  4,  1846  ;  she  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass. ;  have  one  daughter  liv- 
ing— Ella  A.  R.  ;  lost  three  children, 
one  an  infant;  John  C  was  drowned 
and  Jaco  B.  died  at  San  Gabriel,  Cal. 
Mr.  Resley  owns  100  acres  of  land  in 
this  county  and  350  in  Dunn  County, 
Wisconsin.  Is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  ;  Independent  in  politics. 

RICHARDS,  ELI,  farmer,  S.  24  ; 
P.  0.  Le  Grand  ;  owns  eighty-five  acres 
of  land  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  born 
Sept.  9,  1833,  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio; 
came  to  this  county  in  1 854  ;  stopped 
with  his  brother-in-law,  E.  Blendon,  in 
this  township  ;  there  were  but  very  few 
settlers  between  Le  Grand  and  Grinnell. 
He  assisted  in  laying  the  road  between 
Le  Grand  and  Grinnell ;  purchased  his 
present  farm  in  1857.  Married  Mary 
Adair  Nov.  13,  1855 ;  she  was  born 
March  28,  1838,  and  died  Sept.  23, 
1875.  Again  married  Sarah  Ferguson 
March  19,  1876  ;  she  was  born  April 
30,  1835.  His  first  wife  was  insane 
four  years   before  she  died ;  had  three 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP. 


601 


children  by  first  wife-  Rebecca  J.  and 
Frank  ;  lost  one  child — Harvey.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

Richards,  J.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Rosdale,  S.  T.,  far.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

ROUP,  T.  R.,  farmer,  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown  ;  owns  1222  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $45  per  acre ;  born  April  20, 
1835,  in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1839, 
parents  moved  to  Crawford  Co.,  Penn., 
where  he  remained  until  1857,  when  he 
came  to  Allamakee  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he 
followed  harness  making  ;  was  also  one 
of  the  proprietors  in  running  a  stage  line, 
till  the  Spring  of  1871,  when  he  came 
on  his  present  farm  in  Marshall  Co.  He 
was  married  to  Amelia  Isted  March  20, 
1861;  she  died  Dec.  10,  1869;  was 
again  married  to  Susan  Dickinson  Dec. 
26,  1870  ;  she  was  born  in  Chittenden 
Co.,  Vt.;  has  three  children  by  first 
wife — Jolin,  Charles  and  Emma,  and 
have  adopted  a  daughter  of  his  wife's 
sister.  Mr.  Roup  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  E.  Church. 

RUBENBArER,  JOHN,  farmer, 
Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Dillon  ;  owns  343  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  he  was 
born  June  18,  1824,  in  Bavaria,  Ger- 
man. As  was  the  rule  at  that  time,  he 
was  compelled  to  serve  in  the  army  for 
six  years  after  he  was  21  years  old,  which 
he  did  in  the  1st  Regt.  of  Light  Cavalry. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1854, 
and  settled  at  Batavia,  111.,  and  the 
following  year,  1855,  came  to  Iowa  and 
purchased  a  part  of  his  present  farm  in 
Marshall  Co.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
T.  T.  Mayo  in  the  Fall  of  1855; 
she  was  born  March  21,  1833,  in  Ger- 
many ;  have  eight  living  children — 
Lena,  Rudolf,  Walpa,  John,  Melinda, 
Kate,  Martin  and  George ;  lost  two — 
Anna  and  William.  Members  of  the 
Catholic  Church ;  Independent. 

Russell  W.,  grain  dealer,  Dillon. 
H'OTT.  LUTHER. 


s* 


SALISBURY,    ROSCOE    A., 

dealer  in    dry  goods  and  genteral    mer-   ! 
chandise,  Dillon  ;   born   July  13,  1855,  | 
in  Winona  Co.,  Minn  ;  parents  left  there 
when  he  was  in  his  infancy,  and  came  to 
La  Motte,  Jackson  Co.,  Iowa,  where  they  > 
remained    about  six  years,    when    they  ; 


removed  to  Lyons,  Iowa,  remaining 
there  one  a  half  years,  then  he 
came  to  Chelsea,  in  Tama  Co.;  re- 
mained there  about  one  and  a  half 
years,  when  they  came  to  Le  Grand 
in  this  county,  where  they  still  live. 
Mr.  Salisbury  spent  two  years  in  Daven- 
port, Iowa — one  year  in  the  dry  goods 
busmess  with  W.  H.  &  C.  T.  Webb, 
and  one  year  in  the  grain  business  with 
J.  R.  Graham  ;  commenced  business  in 
Dillon  in  May  of  this  year.     Republican. 

SAWYER,  THORE  O.,  farmer 
Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand  ;  owns  280 
acres  of  land  in  this  county  and  160 
acres  in  Tama  Co.;  born  Jan.  7,  1818, 
in  Stavanger,  Norway;  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1846,  and  settled  in 
La  Salle,  111.;  came  to  this  county  in 
June,  1869.  Married  Melinda  Johnson 
in  Norway  March,  1843 ;  she  died  in 
Dec,  1862,  in  La  Salle  Co.,  Ill ;  he 
was  married  to  Anna  Anderson  in 
July,  1864 ;  have  had  nine  children  by 
first  wife — Ole,  Martin,  Enos,  Mary, 
Benjamin,  Caroline,  Charlotte  and  Jen- 
nie ;  deceased,  Thomas  ;  by  second  wife, 
one — Abel.  Mr.  Sawyer  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Friends'  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

SHARP,  JOSEPH,  retired  farmer, 
Quarry  ;  born  Dec.  25,  1802,  in  Phila- 
delphia, Penn  ;  his  mother  died  when  he 
was  about  4  years  old,  and  his  father 
when  he  was  about  12  years  of  age  ; 
went  to  Baltimore  when  he  was  16,  and 
learned  the  shoemaker's  trade,  and  re- 
mained there  till  he  was  nearly  30  years 
old.  Married  Ann  Armstrong,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  John  Armstrong,  of  the  ^L 
E.  Church,  in  Baltimore,  in  1821  ;  she 
died  in  this  county  Aug.  8,  1876.  He 
moved  from  Baltimore  to  Rose  Hill, 
Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  about  1831  or  1832, 
and  followed  the  boot  and  shoo  business 
till  he  came  to  this  county  in  1865  ; 
stopped  at  Le  Grand  about  a  year,  then 
purchased  a  farm  in  Timber  Creek  Tp., 
where  he  remained  until  1873,  when  he 
sold  out  and  came  to  Quarry.  Has  but 
two  children  living — Eleanor  and 
Joseph  ;  lost  six — John  W.,  Francis, 
Caroline,  Ann,  Elbert  and  Celestia  A. 
Mr.  Sharp  has  been  a  member  of  the 
M.  E.  Church  since  1820;  Repub- 
lican. 


602 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


SHARP,  L..  B.,  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand  ;  farming  and  stock  raising ;  a 
specialty  made  in  Percheron  horses ; 
born  May  29,  1835,  in  York  Co.,  Penn. ; 
parents  moved  to  3Iorrow  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1841,  where  he  remained  till  he  came 
to  this  county  in  1871.  Married  Re- 
becca A.  Milligan  Jan.  28,  1858;  she 
was  born  Jan.  14,  1839,  in  Columbiana 
Co..  Ohio  ;  have  four  children  living — 
Hannah  I.,  Sam'l  L.,  Edward  H.  and 
Mary  A. ;  lost  one — Jessie.  Owns  245 
acres  of  land,  valuod  at  $50  per  acre. 
Member  of  the  Friends'  Church. 

Sh  rp,  Thomas,  miller  in   Le  Grand  Mills. 

Sinkins,  A.  S.,  Le  Grand. 

Sinkins,  H.,  miller,  Le  Grand. 

Sink,  A.,  far.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Snider,  R.  A.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

Stangeland,  T.  K.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

Sanders,  J.,  small  fruit  grower,  Le  Grand. 

Summers,  W.  H.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.O.  Marshall- 
town. 
THOMPSON,  B..  farmer,  Sec.  36;  P. 
0.  Gillman. 

THOMPSON,  CHARI.es  C., 
dealer  in  hardware  and  agricultural  im- 
plements with  W.  H.  Chilson,  Le  Grand; 
born  March  23,  1845  iu  Merrimac  Co., 
N.  H. ;  parents  moved  to  Muscatine 
Co.,  Iowa,  in  1856  ;  he  moved  to  Benton 
Co.  in  1869,  and  from  there  to  this 
county  in  1877,  and  has  followed  ship- 
ping stock  and  the  hardware  business 
ever  since.  Was  married  to  Miss  Nancy 
McGrew  Oct.  23,  1867,  in  Muscatine 
Co. ;  she  was  born  Jan.  23,  1846,  in 
Westmoreland  Co.,  Penn.  ;  have  one 
son— William  B.,  born  May  16,  1871. 
Member  of  Friends'  Church ;  Repub- 
lican. 

Thompson,  W.  O.,  tar.;  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

Tjossem,  P.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

tOWNSElVD,  ASA  M.,  farmer. 
Sec.  13  ;  P.  O.  Le  Grand  ;  owns  forty-six 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $100  per  acre; 
born  Aug.  10,  1824  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio. 
Married  Elizabeth  (}.  Wood  of  Morrow 
Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  28,  1846  ;  she  was  born 
July  4,  1822,  in  same  county.  Came 
from  Ohio  to  this  county  in  Summer  of 
1871  ;  settled  in  Le  Grand,  and  followed 
the  grain  and  lumber  business  the  first 
five  years ;  was  also  engaged  in  the  hard- 


ware business  with  W".  H.  Chilson  two 
years  ;  has  been  on  his  present  farm  two 
years  ;  have  three  children  living — Clay- 
ton W.,  Mary  E.  and  Henry  H.  ;  lost 
one — Lydia  W.,  died  Sept.  1,  1864,  aged 
1 1  years.  Member  of  Friends'  Church  ; 
Republican. 

Tostenson,  0.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

Turner,  J.  B.,  far.,  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

"YTICE,  H.  M.,  laborer,  Quarry. 

VOGEI.,  WIIiLIAM,  farmer  and 
and  proprietor  of  one  of  the  quarries  ; 
also  lime  burning ;  owns  300  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  born  June 
25,  1830,  in  Magdeburg,  Prussia; 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1855,  and 
settled  on  his  present  farm.  Married 
Frederica  Mushaka  Feb.  2,  1855  ;  she 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1831  ;  have  five  chil- 
dren— William,  Bertha,  Matilda,  Henry 
and  Louisa.  Are  members  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church  ;  Democrat. 

VOORHIES,  R.  M.,  proprietor  of 
Summit  House,  Le  Grand  ;  born  July 
8,  1826,  in  New  York  City;  parents 
moved  from  there  to  Knox  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1838,  and  remained  there  about  one 
year,  when  they  removed  to  Morrow 
Co.,  he  remaining  with  an  uncle  at  Mt. 
Vernon,  where  he  learned  the  hatter's 
trade,  and  from  1849  till  1853,  traveled 
and  sold  goods  at  wholesale.  Was 
married  to  Sarah  A.  Lewis,  of  Mt. 
Vernon,  Sept.  3,  1850;  she  was  born 
April  6,1826,  in  Uniontown,  Penn. ; 
in  Spring  of  1853,  started  with  his 
family  fur  the  West  ;  arrived  in  Tama 
Co.  in  July  of  that  year,  and  settled 
near  Butlerville,  near  the  west  line  of 
the  county  ;  sold  his  farm  in  1864,  and 
built  a  hotel  at  Le  Grand  Station  ;  re- 
mained there  about  five  years,  when  he 
moved  it  to  the  town  of  Le  Grand,  in 
Marshall  Co.  Have  three  children  liv- 
ing— Susan  C,  Frank  L.  and  Sarah  B.; 
lost  one — Katie  L.      Republican. 

WEAVER,  JONATHAN,  black- 
smith, Dillon. 
WEAVER,  JOHX,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P. 
0.  Quarry  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre  ;  born  Dec.  4, 
1810,  in  Northampton  Co.,  Penn.,  he 
learned  the  shoemaker's  trade  in  early 
life  ;  after  he  was  21,  he  worked  in  dif- 


LE  GRAND  TOWNSHIP 


603 


fereut  cities  in  Pennsylvania  for  about 
seven  years,  them  came  to  Fort  Wayne, 
Tnd.,  where  he  remained  six  or  seven 
years,  then  followed  jour,  work  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  State  until  1851  ;  lie 
came  to  Iowa  and  stopped  in  Franklin 
Co.,  most  of  the  time  till  he  came  to 
Le  Grand,  in  this  county,  in  1858  ;  fol- 
lowed his  trade  there  a  few  years,  then 
purchased  his  present  farm.  Mr.  W. 
has  never  been  married.     Democrat. 

II'EBB,  M.  A.,  for.;  p.  0.  Le  Grand  ; 
owns  127  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50 
per  acre;  born  Feb.  19,  1822,  in  Co- 
lumbiana Co.,  Ohio ;  read  law  with  H. 
Ambler,  an  attorney  of  Salem,  for  three 
years,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar ;  came 
to  Iowa  in  the  Spring  of  1851,  and  set- 
on  his  present  farm ;  part  of  the  town 
of  Le  Grand  was  laid  oft'  on  it  in  1852  ; 
there  were  no  settlers  within  sixteen 
miles  south  from  Le  Grand  ;  their  near- 
est market  was  Iowa  City.  Married  C. 
M.  Voorhies  Sept.  27,  1854 ;  she  was 
born  Aug.  19,  1833,  in  New  York 
City  ;  have  six  children  living — Eliz- 
abeth E.,  Susan,  William  W.,  Anna, 
Carrie,  Harry  M. ;  lost  two — Mary  and 
Nettie.     Renublican. 

Welker,  J.  B.,Var.,S.  11  ;  P.  O.  Le  Grand. 

Welker,  W.  A.,  carp,  and  joiner,  Le  Grand. 

WENDT,  AUGUST,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Dillon ;  owns  a  farm  of  240  acres 
of  land,  the  greater  part  of  the  town  of 
Dillon  being  on  his  land  ;  he  values  his 
land  at  about  S80  per  acre  ;  was  born 
May  3,  1830  in  the  town  of  Dalena, 
Province  of  Saxony,  in  Prussia ;  came 
fi-om  there  to  the  United  States  in  1858, 
and  settled  at  Le  Grand,  Iowa,  and  fol- 
lowed blacksmithing  at  Le  Grand  and 
Toledo,  and  after  he  came  to  his  present 
farm,  in  1863,  for  some  time ;  the  town 
of  Dillon  was  laid  out  in  1876.  Married 
Julia  Meuw  iu  April,  1859  ;  she  was 
born  in  Holland  July  2'J,  1837  ;  have 
ten  children — Caroline,  William,  Henry, 
Emma,  Ellen,  Flora,  Augustus,  Frank, 
Mary  and  Johanas.  Member  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  ;  Repub- 

WHITE,  ABRAM,  dealer  in  gro- 
ceries, glassware,  etc.,  Le  Grand  ;  born 
Dec.  18,  1819,  in  Harrison  Co.,Ind,;at 
the  age  of  15  his  parents  moved  to  Bal- 
lard  Co.,   Ky. ;   three  years  after,  they 


returned  to  Indiana,  Crawford  Co. ;  went 
to  Boonville,  Cooper  Co.,  Mo.,  in  1840  : 
clerked  in  a  wholesale  and  retail  dry 
goods  and  grocery  store  for  one  Alfred 
Simmons  two  years  ;  then  came  to  Van 
Buren  Co.,  Iowa.  Wa.s  married  while 
there  to  Mary  E.  Reed  Nov.  2,  1849 ; 
she  was  born  Dec.  12,  1832,  in  Ohio. 
Mr.  White  went  to  California  via  over- 
land route  in  1852  ;  followed  mining  and 
ranching  till  the  Fall  of  1854,  when  he 
returned  to  Van  Bui'en  Co. ;  about  one 
year  thereafter  went  to  Appanoose  Co.. 
and  remained  there  till  the  Fall  of  1862, 
when  he  came  to  this  county ;  subse- 
quently purchased  a  farm  in  Howard 
Tp.,  Tama  Co.  ;  left  his  farm  there  and 
came  to  Le  Grand  in  January,  1878. 
Mr.  White  has  four  children  living — 
Richard  J.,  Louisa,  Joel  and  LeRoy  ; 
lost  three — Martha,  Eva  and  an  infant. 
Is  a  member  of  the  Disciple  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

WHITE,  JOHN  R.,  PROF., 
Principal  of  the  Friends"  Academy,  Le 
Grand;  was  born  April  22,  1850.  in 
North  Carolina ;  at  the  age  of  4  years, 
his  parents  moved  to  Henry  Co.,  Ind. ; 
he  was  subsequently  educated  at  Earl- 
ham  College,  in  Wayne  Co.,  where  he 
graduated  in  1874,  and  in  the  Fall  of 
the  same  year,  came  to  Le  Grand  and 
took  charge  of  the  Friends'  Academy 
here,  where  he  now  is.  Was  married  to 
Mary  Willits,  daughter  of  Ami  Willits, 
Aug.  26,  1875 ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio 
Aug.  26,  1850  ;  have  one  son — Ever- 
ette  A. 

WILDER,  W.  O.,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  6 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ; 
owns  268  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §40 
per  acre;  born  March  21,  1826,  in  Coos 
Co.,  N.  H. ;  parents  moved  to  Geauga 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1836,  and  from  there  to 
Knox  Co.,  111.,  in  1839.  Mr.  Wilder 
was  one  of  the  company  that  the  Oat- 
man  family  were  in  that  started  for  Cal- 
ifornia hi  June,  1850,  to  go  via  over- 
land through  New  Mexico  ;  the  Oatman 
family  left  the  party  the  following  Feb- 
ruary to  go  through  alone,  and  Mr.  Oat- 
man and  wife  and  five  children  were 
murdered  by  Apache  Indian.s  on  the 
head  waters  of  the  Gila  River;  two 
daughters  were  taken  captives,  and  one 
son,  Lorenzo  D.,  who  was  left  for  dead 


604 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


but  came  to,  and  was  rescued  ;  one  of 
the  (laughters  was  rescued  after  five 
years  of  captivity,  and  the  other  died 
while  with  the  Indians.  Mr.  Wilder 
got  through  to  California  in  the  Summer 
of  1851  ;  remained  there  six  years;  re- 
turned to  Knox  Co.,  111.,  in  the  Spring 
of  1856,  and  in  the  Fall,  he  came  to  this 
county.  He  was  married  to  Betsey 
Aldrich  Dec.  5,  1847,  by  whom  he  had 
two  children — Joseph  H.  and  Francis 
W.  ;  was  again  married,  to  J.  L.  Dun- 
can, July  6,  1859,  in  Illinois;  she  was 
born  Feb.  14,  1838,  in  Ohio.  Repub- 
lican. 

Willits,  A.,  stock  dealer  and  groceries,  Le 
Grand. 

WII.I.IAMS,  JACOB,  farmer. 
See.  28  ;  P.  0.  Dillon;  owns  158  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  about 
two  acres  of  the  town  of  Dillon  is  off 
irom  his  farm ;  born  Feb.  11,  1831,  in 
Whiteside  Co.,  111.;  came  from  there  to 
this  county  in  the  Fall  of  1 868,  and  settled 
on  his  present  farm.  Married  H.  Rawls 
Oct.  19,  1853,  in  Illinois  ;  she  was  born 
July  31, 1836,  in  Whiteside  Co.,  111.;  have 
six  children  living,  lost  one — Robert  W., 
born  Dec.  17, 1854  :  Susan  A.,  July  10, 
1857  ;  Henry  L.,  Jan.  29, 1860  ;  Sarah 
B.,  April  21,  1862;  Charles  M.,  Sept. 
6,  1864  ;  George  A.,  July  24,  1867  ; 
Laura  M.  B.,  Jan.  13, 1870  ;  George  A. 
died  Nov.  17,  1868.  Member  of  the 
Baptist  Church  ;  Democrat. 

Willits,  Ezra,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

WILLITS,  JOEL,  farmer  and 
carpenter.  Sec.  13;  P.  0.  Le  Grand; 
owns  forty-seven  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $5,000  ;  born  Dec.  26, 1828,  in  Knox 
Co.,  Ohio ;  came  from  there  to  this 
county  in  1855  ;  subsequently  returned 
to  Ohio,  and  spent  three  years  there  and 
in  Indiana  ;  finally  concluded  that  Iowa 
was  preferable,  and,  in  1861,  returned, 


and  has  remained  ever  since.  Married 
Mary  Hammond  Dec.  26,  1860  ;  she 
was  born  Sept.  6,1826,  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio.  Mr.  Willits  belongs  to  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends.  He  was  drafted  in 
the  Fall  of  1864,  but  on  account  of  be- 
ing among  the  non-combatants,  got  off 
by  paying  $300.     Republican. 

Wintron,  Peter,  laborer,  Le  Grand. 

Wolkin,  G.  G.,far.,  S.  34  :   P.  O.Dillon. 

WOLKEN,  GEORGE  R.,  farm 
er,  Sec.  34;  P.  0.  Dillon;  owns  400 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ; 
born  Oct.  31,  1821,  in  Hanover,  Ger- 
many ;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1846,  and  settled  in  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.  ;  remained  about  a  year  and  a 
half,  and  removed  to  Batavia,  Kane  Co., 
111.;  remained  there  about  six  years; 
then  came  to  Iowa,  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  in  this  county.  He  was 
married  to  Anna  Rabel  m  Illinois  in  the 
Spring  of  1850  ;  she  was  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1825,  and  died  in  this  county 
in  Oct.,  1876  ;  have  eight  children  liv- 
ing— George,  Rolf,  Hiram,  Diederick, 
John,  Christine,  Fanny  and  Anna  ;  lost 
two — Henry  and  an  infant  not  named. 
Members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

WOEKEX,  HEXRY  R.,  farmer, 
Sec.  34  ;  P.  0.  Dillon ;  owns  284  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born 
Oct.  18,  1836,  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
where  he  lived  until  1857,  when  he  came 
to  the  United  States,  and  settled  in  this 
county  on  his  present  farm.  Married 
Cassa  Mayo,  of  this  county,  March  12, 
1860  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  June 
14,  1841  ;  have  eight  children — Rolf, 
Diederick,  George,  John,  Henry,  Jacob, 
Harry  and  Herman,  and  are  raising  his 
wife's  sister's  child.  Members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  ;  Republican. 

Wright,  Thomas,  far.,  S.  3  ;   P.  0.  Quarry. 


STATE  CENTRE  TOWNSHIP. 


605 


STATE    CENTRE    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLISON,  JAMES,  uttorney  ; 
resides  in  State  Centre ;  born  June  25, 
1835,  in  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio  ;  when  an 
infant  he  came  with  his  parents  to 
Rochester,  N.Y.;  in  1855,  came  to  Kane 
Co.,  111. ;  in  1870,  came  to  State  Centre, 
Iowa ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Aurora, 
111.,  in  1859,  and  has  followed  his  pro- 
fession ever  since;  he  owns  160  acres  of 
land  in  Sec.  3.  Married  Sophia  A.  Park- 
hurst  June  6,  1862  ;  she  was  born  in 
1838,  in  Kendall  Co.,  111.  ;  have  two 
children — Mary  and  James. 

BAETHE,  A.,  far..  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 
Bail,  A.,  far.,  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
Banks,  D.  J.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
BARNES,  n,  J.,  firm  of  Barnes  & 
Barr,  harness  and  saddlery,  State  Cen- 
tre;  born  Feb.  19,  1835,  in  New  York  ; 
in  1857,  came  to  Bureau  Co.,  Ill ;  in 
1868,  removed  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ; 
in  1873,  came  to  State  Centre,  and 
worked  for  C.  M.  Davenport  at  the  har- 
ness trade  ;  April  24,  .1877,  commenced 
his  present  business.  Married  W.  A. 
Brasted  Dec.  31,  1856;  she  was  born 
Nov.  18,  1834,  in  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 
have  one  child — George  Z.  Enlisted 
in  1862,  in  Co.  A,  65th  I.  V.  I.  ;  served 
about  five  months,  and  was  discharged  on 
account  of  a  wound  received  at  Martins- 
burg,  Va. 

Bassett,  Gr.  W.,  minister,    State  Centre. 

BELL.,  ROBERT,  farmer,  Sec.  15  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  Jan.  4,  1834, 
in  Canada  ;  in  1856,  came  to  Ogle  Co., 
111. ;  in  1864,  removed  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa ;  in  1866,  came  to  his  present  farm  ; 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $45 
per  acre.  Married  Miss  L.  Vance  March 
7,  1871  ;  she  was  born  in  1844,  in 
Canada. 

Benner,  H.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Berry,  B.  N.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.O.  State  Centre. 

Berry,  E.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre. 

Berry,  J.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Binson,  A.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Blakely,  D.,  minister,  State  Centre. 

BRAOBLRY,    M.    B.,    IIRS., 

daughter  of  Isaac  Proctor ;  widow  of 
Josiah  Bradbury,  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre.     He  was  born  May  6,  1809,  in 


Stark,  Maine,  died  Oct.  22,  1863,  iti 
Lee  Co.,  111.  ;  she  was  born  Jan.  4, 1S18, 
in  Oxford  Co.,  Maine  ;  in  1854,  came  to 
Lee  Co.,  111.  ;  in  1864,  removed  to  State 
Centre,  Iowa  ;  owns  100  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $80  per  acre.  She  was  married 
July  12,  1840,  in  Franklin  Co.,  Maine  ; 
had  eleven  children,  ten  living — N.  B., 
J.  K.,  J.  C,  Mary  P.,  E.  L.,  E.  C,  C. 
H.,  L.  G  ,  W.  A.  and  F.  E.  Mr.  B. 
enlisted  in  1861,  in  Co.  F,  34th  111. 
V.  I. ;  served  to  close  of  the  war..  Mr. 
B.  enlisted  in  1862 ;  served  about 
one  year  ;  was  discharged  on  account  of 
sickness.  Member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

Brewer,  J.  A.,  carpenter.  State  Centre. 

Brimhall  S.  M.,  drugs,  State  Centre. 

Brooks,  Justin,  teamster.  State  Centre. 

Brown,  L.,  farmer.  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Bulkley,  F.  D.,  minister.  State  Centre. 

Buck,  D.  H.,  harness.  State  Centre. 

BUCK,  MARCUS  A.,  firmer,  S. 
24;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  April  16. 
1828,  in  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.  ;  in  1863, 
came  to  Ogle  Co.,  Ill  ;  in  1865,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1866,  removed 
to  his  present  farm  ,  owns  320  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married 
Lucia  M.  Wilkins  in  1851 ;  she  was  born 
in  1832,  in  Windsor  Co.,  Vt. ;  they  have 
eight  children — Carroll  C,  Everett, 
Mary,  Coridon,  Ralph,  Myrta,  Maggie 
and  Harry.     Is  School  Trustee. 

BULLOCK,  R.  R.,  firm  of  Bullock 
&  Welty,  livery,  sale  and  feed  stables, 
State  Centre;  born  Jan.  13,  1819,  in 
Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1840,  came  to 
Kendall  Co.,  111.;  in  1855,  came  to  State 
Centre  Tp. ;  he  owns  a  house  and  lot  in 
town,  also  eighty  acres  of  land  in  this 
township.  Married  Rebecca  Barns  Nov. 
20,  1849,  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.;  she  was 
born  in  1826,  in  Erie  Co.,  Penn.;  have 
four  children — Franklin,  Henry,  Lillie 
and  William.  Is  Street  Commissioner ; 
he  has  held  most  of  the  town  offices. 

Bullock,  William,  laborer.  State  Centre. 

CARPKNTER,  J.  B.,  live  stock.  State 
Centre. 
Carpenter,  Wallace,  live  stock  dealer.  State 
Centre. 


me 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


CHAMBEKLAIX,  D.,  far  ,  S  15; 

P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  Feb.  7,  1840, 
in  Washtenaw  Co.,  Mich.;  in  1866,  came 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  425  acres,  val- 
ued at  $40  per  acre.  Married  Miss  R. 
Easton  Feb.  18,  1860  ;  she  was  born 
Dec.  15,  1838,  in  Washtenaw  Co., 
Mich.;  they  have  three  children — Urvil- 
la,  Louis  and  Myrtia.  Are  members  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Clark,  L.  L.,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Colson,  H.,  far.,  S.  22;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

COPE,  R.  L..,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre  ;  burn  April  25,  1834,  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1858,  went  to  Stark 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1868,  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent farm ;  owns  100  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $35  per  acre.  Married  Anna  G. 
Glosser  April  22,  1858  ;  she  was  born 
July  29, 1840, in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio; 
have  four  children — Willis  H.,  born 
Sept.  5,  1859  ;  Myria  F.,  born  Jan.  12, 
1863;  George  L.,  born  Nov.  12,  1867; 
Amy  B.,  born  March  2,  1876.  En- 
listed in  1864,  in  Co.  H,  162d  Ohio  V. 
I.;  served  about  four  months.  He  has 
been  School  Director  four  years. 

COIRTRIGHT,  JNO.,  retired; 
residence  State  Centre ;  born  Jan.  1, 
1841,  in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio ;  in  1863 
came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  remained 
about  four  months,  then  returned  to 
Ohio ;  June  12,  1874,  removed  to 
State  Centre ;  owns  house  and  lot  in 
the  city.  Married  Angeline  Scott,  Aug. 
15,  1861  ;  she  was  born  June  24, 
1843,  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio;  have  one 
child— Olive,  born  Aug.  15,  1863. 
Enlisted  in  1864  in  Co.  C,  157th  Ohio 
Inf,  and  served  about  three  weeks. 
Members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

COWAN,  JAIIE!^  F.,  night  po- 
liceman. State  Centre ;  born  Nov  15, 
1849,  in  Canada ;  in  1852,  came  to  War- 
ren Co.,  111.;  in  1868,  came  to  State 
Centre  ;  he  owns  about  four  acres  of 
land  inside  of  the  corporation.  His  father 
died  Jan.  24,  1877,  aged  57  ;  his  mother 
is  now  about  62  years  old,  and  lives 
with  him  ;  has  one  brother  and  sister 
living  in  State  Centre.  Are  members  of 
the  M.   E.   Church. 

Cowan,  R.,  teamster.  State  Ciuitre. 

Cross,  J.  H.,  laborer,  State  Centre. 

Cutler,  B.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Cutler,  J.  B.,  steam  grist  mill,  State  Centre. 


CUTLER,  J.  O.,  miller.  State  Cen- 
tre;  born  Jan.  8,  1833,  in  Canada;  in 
1845,  came  to  Stephenson  Co.,  111.;  in 
1870,  removed  to  State  Centre.  Mar- 
ried Clara  E.  Bulkley  Nov.  28,  1855  ; 
she  was  born  in  1835,  in  New  York ; 
have  one  child — Frederick  A.,  and  an 
adopted  son — Chester  F.  Cutler,  now 
agent  for  N.  W.  R.  R..  at  Lowdon,  Ce- 
dar Co.,  Iowa.  Is  Chief  Engineer  of  the 
Fire  Department.  His  wife's  parents 
reside  with  him.  Are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church. 

DAVENPORT,  C.  W.,  meat  market. 
State  Centre. 

Davenport,  H.  B.,  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Demange,  P.  L.,  boot  and  shoe  dealer. 
State  Centre. 

Demange,  P.  S.,  laborer,  State  Centre. 

DEMIXG,  J.  R.,  Postmaster,  State 
Centre;,  born  Jan.  14,  1826,  in  Berk- 
shire Co.,  Mass  ;  in  1863,  came  to  De 
Kalb  Co.,  Ill;  in  1864,  removed  to  State 
Centre,  Iowa,  and  commenced  stock 
raising  ;  continued  in  this  business  about 
two  years,  then  was  employed  by  J.  W. 
Tuthill  in  the  lumber  business,  which 
position  he  held  till  1873,  when  he  re- 
ceived his  appointment  as  Postmaster. 
Married  Sarah  E.  Jones  Nov.  7,  1848  ; 
she  was  born  Nov.  14,  1825,  in  Berk- 
shire Co.,  Mass.  ;  have  one  child — Katie 
E.  Mr.  D.  has  been  four  years  Town 
Trustee. 

Derwer,  F.,  laborer.  State  Centre. 

Dobbin,  A.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

DOBBIN,  J.  W.,  banker ;  born  in 
Greenwich,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  24,  1832  ;  lived  on  a  farm  in  that 
county  until  1853  ;  fi'om  that  time  until 
September,  1854,  he  worked  at  the  car- 
penter's trade  in  the  same  county  ;  Sep- 
tember, 1854,  he  removed  to  Sandwich, 
111.;  resided  there  until  Jan.  1,  1865  ; 
Jan.  1,  1865,  he  came  to  State  Centre ; 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  and  deal- 
ing in  lumber  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments until  the  Fall  of  1868,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  lumber  trade  exclusively  ; 
in  April,  1869,  he  commenced  the  bank- 
ing business,  and  has  continued  it  ever 
since.  He  has  been  Alderman,  Corpo- 
ration Treasurer,  and  has  held  various 
other  offices  since  he  came  here.  He 
owns  200  acres  of  land  in  Sec.  21,  160 


'^  MC-e 


ED.  &  PUB.  STATE  CENTRE  ENTERPRISE 
STATE  CENTRE 


STATE  CENTRE  TOWNSHIP. 


607 


acres  in  Sec.  16,  and  thirty  acres  within 
the  corporation  limits — all  in  this  town- 
ship. Mr.  Dobbin  married  Julia  A. 
Fuller  Sept.  11,  18H1  ;  she  was  born  in 
Carlton,  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  4, 
1835;  they  have  tour  children — Ward 
F.,  born  in  Sandwich,  111.,  July  26, 
1862  ;  Fred  Lee,  born  at  State  Centre 
June  29,  1866  ;  Alice  E.,  born  at  State 
Centre  Feb.  9,  1868,  and  Walter  R., 
born  July  27,  1872.  Mrs.  Dobbin  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
being  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
Church  of  this  place. 

DUDLEY^  J.,  retired.  State  Centre  ; 
born  Feb.  25,  1818,  in  Steuben  Co.,  N. 
Y.  ;  in  1840,  came  to  Dixon,  111.  ;  in 
1864,  removed  to  Eden  Tp  ,  and  bought 
240  acres  in  State  Centre  Tp.  ;  he  owns 
two  lots  and  house  in  the  city,  also  one- 
fourth  interest  in  a  farm  of  600  acres  in 
State  Centre.  Married  Susan  A.  Hutton 
in  October,  1844 ;  she  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  18125  ;  have  two  children 
— Clarence  and  John.  Are  members  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church. 

DUDLEY,  SARAH,  MRS., 
daughter  of  Thomas  Bunker,  widow  of 
J.  D.  Dudley,  State  Centre ;  he  was 
born  Dec.  1,  1830,  in  Bath,  N.  Y.  ;  died 
Feb.  6,  1867  ;  in  1831,  he  came  to 
Michigan  ;  in  1857,  removed  to  Illinois  ; 
in  1862,  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa; 
in  1864,  removed  to  their  present  home  ; 
they  own  130  acres  ;  thirty  acres  of  this 
is  inside  the  corporation  ;  she  was  born 
June  29,  1831,  in  Livingston  Co.,  N. 
Y.  Was  married  May  21,  1852,  in 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich. ;  had  three  children, 
two  living — Thomas  J.,  aged  19,  and 
Clara  E.,  aged  16  ;  lost  George  E.  Jan. 
6,  1870,  aged  15.  Mr.  D.  was  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  County  Clerk  in  Dex- 
ter, Mich.  Members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

Dupree,  H.,  painter.  State  Centre. 

EWIXG,  JOHN  C,  farmer.  Sec. 
33  ;  P.  0.  State  Center  ;  born  Feb. 
12,  1848,  in  Putnam  Co.,  Ohio;  in 
1854,  came  to  Illinois  ;  in  1856,  came 
to  Story  Co.,  Iowa ;  in  1861,  removed 
to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1871,  came 
to  his  present  farm;  owns  100  acres, 
valued  at  S30  per  acre.  Married  Jose- 
phine Devine  Oct.  4,  1866 ;  she  was 
born    Aug.    11,  1845,  in  Macomb  Co., 


Mich.     Mr.  E.  was  Township  Assessor 
in  1877. 

F AIRHEAD,  J.  S.,  grocer.  State  Cen- 
tre. 

Fairman,  Jas.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Ferris,  H.,  far.,  S.  29  ;   P.  0.  State  Centre. 

FERGUSOX,  ROBERT,  farmer 
Sec.  23 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  in 
Jan.,  1844,  in  JeiFerson  Co.,  Ohio ;  in 
in  1867,  came  to  his  present  farm  ;  owns 
320  acres,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  M.  Nichols  in  June, 
1871  ;  she  was  born  in  1848,  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  Penn.;  had  four  children, 
three  living — Howard  E.,  Mary  and  an 
infant. 

Ferrin,  P.  E.,  far..  Sec.  36 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Fish,  C.  H.,  far.,  S.  25 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre 

Fish,  J.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

FISH,  THOMAS,  farmer,  Sec.  2; 
P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  Feb.  19, 1836, 
in  England  ;  in  1862,  came  to  Canada ; 
in  1864,  removed  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa; 
in  1868,  came  to  their  present  farm  ;  he 
and  his  brother  John  own  104  acres, 
valued  at  $25  per  acre.  His  father  was 
born  in  1810,  and  died  in  1847.  His 
mother  was  born  in  1811,  and  died  in 
1861,  in  England.  They  have  one  sis- 
ter, now  living  in  England. 

Fisher,  Jacob,  blacksmith.  State  Centre. 

Fitch,  D.  H.,  carpenter.  State  Centre. 

Foft,  J.,  far.,  S.  26;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Ficken,  G.,  ftir.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Frohwein,  L.,  saloon,  State  Centre. 

QIRTON,  PEARCE,  farmer.  Sec.  34  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre. 

GOODRICH,  L..  B.,  farmer.  Sec 
11  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Dec.  10, 
1851,  in  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio;  in  1870, 
came  to  State  Centre,  Iowa,  and  first  en- 
gaged in  the  grocery  business ;  in  1876, 
came  to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land ;  also  works  560  acres, 
owned  by  his  father-in-law.  Married 
Laura  Smith  Sept  18,  1875 ;  she  wa.s 
born  Feb.  12,  1858,  in  Willow  Creek, 
111.;  have  one  child — Nellie  M.,  born 
Oct.  12, 1877.  Has  been  Constable  and 
member  of  the  Council. 

Gulic,  I.,  furniture,  State  Centre. 

Gutekunst,  J.,  stock  dealer,  State  Centre. 

TTALE,  JAMES,  laborer,  State  Centre. 


608 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


HAMMOND,  W.  H.,  attorney, 
State  Centre;  born  May  17,  1845,  in 
Jefferson  Co.,  Oiiio  ;  in  1861,  he  came 
Indiana  ;  the  following  year,  removed  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  in  1875, 
and  practiced  there  during  1876 ;  on 
January  1,  1877,  came  to  State  Centre, 
and  continued  his  profession.  Married 
Mary  M.  Jones  Feb.,  1863;  she  was 
born  Jan.  17,1846,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio. 

Hansen,  C,  mason.  State  Centre. 

HARMON,  A.  W.,  farmer,  Sec. 
29  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  May  8, 
1841,  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.;  March  6,  , 
1878,  came  to  his  present  farm ;  owns 
245  acres,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Mar- 
ried Ida  Z.  Rose  Nov.  5,  1861  ;  she 
was  born  May  24,  1843,  in  Otsego  Co., 
N.  Y.;  have  three  children — Elsworth 
W.,  Luella  A.  and  John  A.  Mrs.  H.  is 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Harrandorf,  Fred.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.O.  State 
Centre.  ' 

Hart,  J.  S.,  farmer,  State  Centre. 

Hatten,  A.,  laborer,  State  Centre. 

HAYNE,  F.  A.,  fimner.  Sec.  14; 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  June  6, 1820, 
in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio ;  in  1868,  he 
came  to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  200 
acres,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married 
Aribella  Hayne  in  1846  ;  she  was 
born  March  25,  1827,  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio ;  had  eight  children ;  seven  living 
— James,  Caroline,  Kate,  Frank,  David. 
Grant  and  Phebe  Belle.  Members 
of  the  Methodist  Church. 

Henshaw,  W.  N.,  furniture.  State  Centre. 

HOLLY,  S.  M.,  farmer,  Sec.  24 ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  May  22, 
1831,  in  Genesee  Co..  N.  Y.;  in  1855, 
came  to  Whiteside  Co.,  111.;  in  1868, 
came  to  his  present  farm;  owns  100 
acres,  valued  at  $45  per  acre.  Married 
Phebe  A.  Stone  Dec.  12,  1855  ;  she 
was  born  in  1838,  in  Madison  Co.,  N. 
Y.;  have  five  children — Charlie  0., 
Frank  G.,  Clarence,  Clara  and  Beuna- 
vista.  Has  been  Road  Superintendent. 
Is  elder  of  the  Seventh-Day  Advent 
Church. 

Hoppes,  Samuel,  butcher.  State  Centre. 

Howell,  G.  W.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Hornier,  Sam'l,  far.,  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 


Hoskyu,  Joseph,  clerk.  State  Centre. 

Hunt,  0.  G.,  druggist,  State  Centre. 

Hutton,  N.,  far.,  S.  22;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

TACOBSON,     J.,    cooper.     State 

t)  Centre;  born  Feb.  22,  1842,  in  Norway; 
in  1856,  he  came  to  Chicago;  in  1867, 
he  removed  to  Rochelle,  111.;  in  1870, 
he  came  to  State  Centre ;  he  owns  three 
lots  and  house  and  his  shop  in  the  city. 
Married  Rebecca  Koons  in  Nov.,  1863  ; 
she  was  born  Nov.  30,  1848,  in  Ohio; 
had  six  children ;  five  living — Jesse, 
Anna,    Grace,  Daisic  and  Minnie.     In 

1865,  he  went  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and 
worked  for  the  Government  as  carpen- 
ter ;  in  1874,  he  visited  his  parents  iu 
Norway,  and  returned  here  the  same 
year. 

JAROL.EMAN,  JOHN,  farmer, 
Sec.  33 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born 
Nov.  13,  1819,  in  Huron  Co.,  Ohio  ;  in 
1821,  came  to  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  with 
his  mother ;  in  1825,  removed  to  Genesee 
Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1838,  came  to  Ontario 
Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1855,  removed  to  Mar- 
shall Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1857,  settled  on  his 
present  farm ;  owns  800  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married  Pliebe 
Kelly  in  1851  ;  she  was  born  in  1831  in 
in  New  York,  died  in  1853 ;  had  one 
child — Phebe  J.  Second  marriage  to 
Susan  A.Devine  in  1855  ;  she  was  born 
in  1833  in  New  York  ;  have  three  chil- 
dren— Charles  M.,  Norma  E.  and  John 
L.     Has   been  County  Supervisor. 

KEUXECKE,  HENRY,  firm  of 

Keunecke  &  Scott,  hardware  and  agricul- 
tural implements,  State  Centre ;  born 
Nov.  23,1 684,  in  Braunshweig,Geruiany ; 
in  1865,  came  to  De  Kalb  Co..  111.;    ii> 

1866,  removed  to  State  Center  ;  in  1867, 
returned  to  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.;  in  1870, 
removed  to  Aurora,  111.,  and  in  1871, 
returned  to  State  Centre  ;  first  followed 
the  carpenter  trade;  in  1872,  opened  a 
billiard  and  beer  saloon,  and  continued 
this  business  till  1876,  when  he  com- 
menced his  present  business.  Married 
Paulina  Keucher  June  21,  1874;  she 
wus  born  Dec.  27,  1857,  in  Wurtemberg, 
Germany  ;  have  two  children — Rosilia 
and  Paulina. 

Kennev,  M.  M.,  laborer,  State  Centre. 
KI^»ER,  J.  W.,  farmer,  Sees.  28  and 
29 ;  P.  O.  State  Centre  ;  born  Nov.  3, 


STATE  CENTRE  TOWNSHIP. 


609 


1831,  iu  Perry  Co.,  Ponn.;  in  1833, 
came  with  his  parents  to  Ohio  ;  in  184'4, 
came  to  Bureau  Co.,  111.;  in  18G4,  came 
to  Jasper  Co.,  Iowa ;  in  1875,  came  to 
his  present  farm  ;  owns  210  acres,  val- 
ued at  S40  per  acre.  Married  Miss  N. 
Skape  in  1853  ;  she  was  born  in  1829, 
and  died  in  1855 ;  second  marriage  to 
Sarah  J.  Hancher  July  26,  1857  ;  she 
was  born  Oct.  3,  1837,  in  Harrison  Co., 
Ohio ;  have  eight  children — Ida  A., 
Angenette,  Frank  A.,  Hattie  N.,  Will- 
iam S.,  Cora  E.,  Jennie  F.  and  Laura 
J.  Are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church. 
T    ABER,  L.,  laborer.  State  Centre. 

Lander,  Joseph,  tailor.  State  Centre. 
Laplant,  C.  T.,  laborer,  State  Centre. 
Lapland,  J.  L.,  far.,  Sec.  35 ;    P.  0.  State 

Centre. 
Laplant,  J.  L..  far.,   S.  20 ;    P.  0.    State 

Centre. 
Lay,  J.  H.,  grain.  State  Centre. 
Letturnee,  Joseph,  laborer,  State  Centre. 
Lodge,  John,  wagon  mfg.,  State  Centre. 
Love,  C.   B.,  farmer.  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  State 

Centre. 
Lubkert,  Henry,  laborer.  State  Centre. 

McCAIN,  H.,  farmer.  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

McCarty,  M.  P.,  far.,  S.  10 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

McCarty,  P.,  far.;  State  Centre. 

McXARY,  JOHK,  farmer,  Sec.  23  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Feb.  16,  1832, 
in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio;  in  1856,  came 
to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa ;  in  1858,  removed 
to  his  present  farm,  which  he  entered 
from  the  Government  in  1854 ;  owns 
240  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  also 
one-fourth  interest  in  a  farm  of  600  acres 
in  this  township.  Married  Sarah  J. 
Hass  Jan.,  1856  ;  she  was  born  in  1831, 
in  Ohio,  died  in  1862 ;  have  four  chil- 
dren— William  A.,  Anna  E.,  John  A. 
and  Jane  Isbell.  Second  marriage  to 
Margaret  J.  Taggart  April,  1865  ;  she 
was  born  in  1838 in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
have  six  children — Ida  May,  Margaret 
C,  Laura  M.,  Robert  J.,  Hubert  L.  and 
Flora. 

MAXWARIXG,  AI.BERT, 
former;  P.O.  State  Center;  born  Aug.  12, 
1826,  in  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  in  1855, 
came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  owns  fifty- 


five  acres  in  Sec.  10,  part  of  which  is 
inside  the  corporation  ;  he  also  owns  200 
acres  in  Washington  Township.  Mar- 
ried Euphemia  M.  Welsh  March  25, 
1857  ;  she  was  born  Nov.  7,  1829,  in 
New  Jersey  ;  have  four  children — David 
S.,  Charlie  R.,  George  A.  and  Milton  A. 

Mank,  A.  L.,  boots  and  shoes.  State  Centre. 

Martin,  D.  B.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  State  Cen 
tre. 

MEXDENHAL.!.,  JAMES,  far , 
Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  Dec. 
25,  1826,  in  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio;  in 
1832,  came  to  Shelby  Co.,  Ind. ;  in 
1844,  came  to  La  Salle  Co.,  Ill  ;  in  1853, 
removed  to  his  present  farm,  which  he  en- 
tered from  the  Government  in  '54  ;  owns 
180  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
Married  Geraldine  Parsons  Nov,  22, 
1855  ;  she  was  born  July  27,  1836,  in 
Randolph  Co.,  Va  ;  had  eight  children 
— Alice  G.,  born  Aug.  31,  1856,  died 
June  5,  1857  ;  Thomas  B.,  born  April 
24,  1858;  J.  W.,  Sept.  21,  1859; 
Charles  W.,  Aug.  27,  1861  ;  S.  H., 
Dec,  29,  1865;  Susan  B.,  Oct.  30, 
1867  ;  Grace  M.,  Oct.  10,  1870,  and 
Mary  E.,  Jan.  22,  1875. 

MERRIIilv,  J.  W.,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher State  Centre  Enterprise. 

Miller,  A.  H.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  O.  State  Cen- 
tre. 

Miller,  H.  A.,  for.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  State  Cen- 
tre. 

Miller,  J.  A.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  O.  State  Cen- 
tre. 

Mitten,  G.,  mason,  State  Centre. 

Morgan,  S.  W.,  grocer,  State  Centre. 

Mosher,  T.,  laborer.  State  Centre. 

Munson,  F.  S.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  State  Cen- 
tre. 
\TEWTON,  SETH,  farmer.  Sec.  27 ; 

JLM       P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Nichols,  J.  H.,  grain.  State  Centre. 

Nichols,  P.  P.,  carpenter.  State  Centre. 

Nichols,  S.  J.,  grain.  State  Centre. 

Niles,  N.  L.,  far.,  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  State  Cen- 

Noble,  W.  J.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
Noonan.  Morris,  laborer.  State  Centre. 
I ARROTT,  J.W.,  livery,  State  Centre. 


P 


Phelps,  B.,far.,  S.  20;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
Price,  Cliarles,  carpenter.  State  Centre. 

EEAD,     L.   J.,    meat    market.    State 
Centre. 


610 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Renssner,  Charles  F.  C,  boots  and  shoes, 
State  Centre. 

Rhinaker,  — ,  far,  S.  5  ;   P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Rhoads.  H.,  far.,  S.  14;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

RHODES,  C.  B.,  capitalist,  State 
Centre;  born  May  12,  1811,  in  Cham- 
pain  Co.,  Ohio;  in  1830,  came  to 
Tazewell  Co.,  111.;  in  1853  came  to  Eden 
Township,  Iowa,  and  settled  on  Sec.  9  ; 
he  owns  in  that  township  337  acres, 
valued  at  $50  per  acre,  and  160  acres 
in  Sec.  20,  State  Centre  Township, 
Viilued  at  SI 5  per  acre.  Married  Sarah 
Harmon  Jan.  1,  1833;  she  was  born  in 
1809,  in  North  Carolina;  had  three 
children;  two  living — Anthony  and 
John  N.  C;  lost  James  W.  in  infancy. 
Mr.  R.  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  member  of  the  County  Board. 

Rhode,  Ernest,  tailor,  State  Centre. 

Rhohr,  John   B.,  gardener.  State   Centre. 

Richards,  A.,  painter.  State  Centre. 

Richards,  C   R.,  carpenter.  State  Centre. 

Richardson,  D.  W.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

Richmand,  J.,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Richardson,  Martin,  far.,  S.  34 ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

Richards,  William,  carpenter.  State  Centre. 

ROBB,  HARRISON,  firm  of 
Ewing  &  Robl),  groceries  and  queens- 
ware.  State  Centre ;  born  Jan.  26, 
1826,  in  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1844, 
he  came  to  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.;  in  1853, 
he  removed  to  Marshall  County, 
Iowa  ;  then  entered  280  acres  of  land 
in  Sec.  32.  Married  Hester,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Arnold,  of  Sandwich,  111.,  May 
16,  1854;  she  was  born  in  1832,  in 
Ohio  ;  have  four  children — Eva,  Mary 
D.,  Fremont  and  William.  Mr.  R.  is 
Mayor;  was  elected  in  1877. 

ROBERTS,    lOARSHAEIi, 

far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  State-  Centre;  born 
March  12,  1847,  in  Mercer  Co.,  111.; 
in  1867,  he  came  to  his  present  farm  ; 
owns  200  acres,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
Married  Mary  Benner  Sept.  7,  1873; 
she  was  born  in  1854  in  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  R.  enlisted  March  10,  1865,  in  Co. 
G,  58th  111.  V.  I.,  and  served  to  the 
close  of  the  war;  was  in  the  battle  of 
Mobile,  Ala.,  Spanish  Fort  and  Fort 
Blakely.  He  has  been  School  Director 
and  Road  Supervisor. 


Rogers,  George,  hardware.  State  Centre. 

SARGEANT,     WILLIAM,     laborer, 
State  Centre. 
Sargent,  W.  A.,  far.,  S.   12  ;  P.   0.  State 

I    AVI fyp 

SCHIEL.IXG,  JOSEPH,  firm  of 

Schilling,  Rogers  &  Co.,  hardware  and 
farming  machinery.  State  Center  ;  born 
Nov.  14,  1839,  in  Prussia,  Germany; 
in  1853,  came  to  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.;  in 
Feb.,  1875,  came  to  State  Centre,  and 
commenced  his  present  business.  Mar- 
ried Minnie  Hennis  May  24,  1862  ;  she 
was  born  in  1841  in  Wenzen,  Germany  ; 
have  seven  children — Edward,  George, 
Mary,  Louisa,  Wesie,  Mandie  and  Jo- 
seph. Enlisted  in  1861,  as  a  musician 
in  the  44th  111.  Y.  I.,  and  served  nine 
months.  Was  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mon Council  in  1877.  Mrs.  S.  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

Scott,  E.,  hardware.  State  Centre. 

Schylar  J.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Serine,  W.  G.  ,flir.,  S.  28;  P.O.  State  Centre. 

SHIELDS,  J.  B.,  farmer.  Sec.  4  ; 
P.  0.  State  Center  ;  born  Sept.  15, 1836, 
in  Harrison  Co.,  Ind.;  in  1850,  came  to 
Fidton  Co.,  111.;  in  1867,  removed  to 
Jasper  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1877,  came  to  his 
present  farm ;  he  and  D.  J.  Moyer  own 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  per 
acre.  Married  Sarah  J.  McCumber 
April  21,  1859  ;  she  was  born  Nov.  22, 
1837,  in  Fulton  Co.,  111.;  have  nine 
children — Mary  E.,  Samantha  J.,  Sada 
M.,  Charles  L.,  William  S.,  Clara,  Er- 
nest R.,  Fred  M.  and  Arthur.  Enlisted 
in  1862  in  Co.  H,  85th  111.  V.  I.;  served 
to  the  end  of  the  .  war.  Mrs.  S.  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

SHIPMAN,  y.  J.,  COL,.,  dealer 
in  agricultural  implements  ;  born  near 
Oak  Orchard  Harbor,  Orleans  Co.,  N. 
Y.  ;  came  to  State  Centre  Jan.  1, 1865  ; 
he  was  associated  with  J.  W.  Dobbin  in 
mercantile,  lumber  and  agricultural  im- 
plement business  until  November,  1868 ; 
since  then,  he  has  carried  on  the  same 
business  until  1876,  when  he  disposed 
of  his  mercantile  business  ;  still  carries 
on  agricultural  implement  business  ;  he 
spends  considerable  time  in  Florida,  but 
he  employs  men  to  conduct  his  business 
here  during  his  absence.  The  Colonel 
was  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  several 
years    during  the    late  rebellion  ;    was 


STATE  CENTRE  TOWNSHIP. 


611 


Captain  of  New   York    Sharpshooters ; 
for  taliant  conduct,  he  was  promoted  to 
Lieutenant  Colonel. 
SHOPPE,  AUGrST,  farmer,  Sec. 
16  ;   P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Dec.  25, 
1843,  in  Germany;  in   1868,  came  to 
his    present   farm;  owns  160    acres   of 
hind,  valued  at  $50  per  acre.     Married 
Fredereke  Henneus  in  July,  1868  ;  she 
was  born  in  1846  in  Germany  ;  had  six 
children,  three  living — William,  Henry 
and  Ada.      Are  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 
Smith,  W.  L.,  capitalist.  State  Centre. 
Snyder,  D.  C,  mason.  State  Centre. 
Snyder,  E.  P.,  restaurant.  State  Centre. 
J«JNYDER,  WIJLLIAM,  gardener, 
State  Centre;  born  Sept.   18,  1811.  in 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1857,  came 
to  Sandwich,  111  ,  and  laid  the  first  side- 
walk and  graded  the  first  street  in  Sand- 
wich ;     was   Street  Commissioner  seven 
years  out  of  ten  years  he  lived  there ; 
in  1867,  came  to  Marshall  Co.;  in  1873, 
removed  to  his  present  home  ;  he  owns 
one  and  three-fourths  acres  of  land,  with 
two  houses  in  the  city.     Married  Rachel 
Forncrook  March  3, 1848  ;  she  was  born 
in  Aug.,  1819,  in  Montgomery  Co.,  N. 
Y.     He  has  two  sons  by  a  former  mar- 
riage— E.  P.  and  D.  C.     E.  P.  enlisted 
in  1862,  and  served  to  the  end    of  the 
war.      Mr.  S.  has  been  Street  Commis- 
sioner   and    City   Marshal    here.     Are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Starr,  S.  J.,  blacksmith.  State  Centre. 
STIPP,  W,  H,,  grain,  coal  and  seeds, 
also  proprietor    of  Stipp's  Hotel,    State 
Centre  ;  born  June  15,  1842,  in  Waynes- 
ville,  111.;  in  April,  1866,  came  to  State 
Centre ;     first    engaged   as    bookkeeper 
for   Carpenter    Bros.    &  Co.;  in    1869, 
commenced  his  present  business.     Mar- 
ried H.  E.  Culver  Dee.  8,  1869;  she 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1846,  in  Kendall  Co., 
111.;    have  one  child — Harley  H.,  born 
Feb.    25,    1872.      Enlisted    April   18, 
1861,  in  Co.    C,  10th  111.  V-  I.,   and 
served  to  the  close  of  the  war. 
Stone,  H.  C,  retired.  State  Centre. 
Stoudt,  A.  F.,  far.,  S.    19;    P.  0.  State 

Centre. 
Stoudt,  Joseph,  laborer.  State  Centre. 
SWIFT,  JOSEPH,  surveyor  and 
civil  engineer;  State  Centre,   born  Aug. 
24,  1819,  in  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1877, 


T 


came  to  State  Centre ;  he  owns  240  acres 
of  land,  in  Minerva  Tp.,  and  sixteen  acres 
with  his  residence  at  State  Centre. 
Married  Electa  Phillips  Elder  Feb.  22, 
1844 ;  she  was  born  Nov.  20,  1819,  in 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.;  have  two  children — 
Ephraim  G.  and  Ella  M.  Are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
ISDALE,  J.  W.,  laborer.  State  Centre. 


Thompson,  E.  P.,  far.,  S   9 ;  P.  0.  State 

Centre. 
Tummel,  F.   G.,  clothino-,  State  Centre. 
TEEGAROEX,    SOLOMOX, 

farmer.  Sec,  1  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre ; 
born  July  27,  1817,  in  Greene  Co., 
Penn.;  in  1827,  came  to  Columbiana 
Co.,  Ohio;  in  1855,  came  to  Indiana  ; 
in  1866,  came  to  Cedar  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in 
1872,  removed  to  his  present  farm ; 
owns  110  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25 
per  acre.  Married  Elizabeth  Grant  May 
30,  1844;  she  was  born  Sept.  8,  1824, 
died  May  31,  1855  ;  had  four  children 
— David,  William  A.,  Sarah  and  Mary 
J.;  second  marriage  to  Mary  Hole,  Jan. 
1,  1858;  shewas^born  March  28,  1813, 
in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio. 

TURNER,  E.  H.,  farmer,  Sec.  2  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  March  10, 
1828,  in  New  York  ;  in  1852,  came  to 
Champaign  Co.,  111. ;  in  1858,  came  to 
Eden  Tp.,  Iowa  ;  in  1867,  removed  to 
State  Centre  Tp.;  owns  105  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre.  Married  I^liza 
A.  Smith  Feb.  3,  1859  ;  she  was  born 
March  9,  1841,  in  Champaign  Co.,  III.; 
had  seven  children,  five  living — John 
Edward,  Mary  E.,  Charlotte  E.,  Ella 
E.,  and  William  R. 

TUTHIL-L,  JOHX  W.,  lumber. 
State  Centre;  born  July  6,  1846,  in 
Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1854,  came  to 
Luzerne  Co.,  Penn.;  Nov.  28,  1856,  he 
came  to  Clinton,  Iowa  ;  in  Mai'ch,  1862, 
removed  to  Chicago  and  was  employed 
in  the  L^nion  National  Bank,  as  book- 
keeper, until  1865,  when  he  returned  to 
Clinton,  Iowa,  and  was  employed  by 
Lamb  &  Son,  lumber  dealers  ;  held  this 
position  until  June,  1869,  when  he  came 
to  State  Centre,  and  then  commenced 
his  present  business.  Married  Jennie 
Buck  Sept.  21,  1868  ;  she  was  born 
May  10. 1847,  in  Columbus,  Ohio  ;  have 
three  children — Arthur  W.,  George  B. 


G12 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


and  Chancy  L.  Was  elected  in  March, 
1872,  School  Treasurer,  and  still  holds 
this  position. 

YANCE,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  Sec. 
27  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Vader,  D.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

VALIANT,  C.  F.,  barber.  State 
Centre;  born  Aug.  31,  1851,  on  the 
Island  of  Sicily,  Italy  ;  in  Sept.,  18G7, 
came  to  Chicago;  in  1870,  traveled 
South,  through  the  Winter,  and  re- 
turned to  Chicago  in  the  Spring  of 
1871  ;  in  Oct.,  1871,  left  Chicago  for 
St.  Louis,  Memphis,  Little  Rock,  New 
Orleans,  Mobile,  Florida  and  Texas  ;  in 
the  Spring  of  1872,  came  to  Marshall- 
town,  Iowa  ;  Aug.  16,  1874,  came  to 
State  Centre ;  he  owns  a  house  and  two 
lots  in  the  city,  also  his  shop.  Married 
Nettie  Greenfield  Dee.  18,  1876  ;  she 
was  born  in  1857,  in  Eden  Tp.  They 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Vanosdall,  I.,  far.,  S.  35;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Vanosdell,  J.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

YA]NPELT,  v.,  farmer.  Sec.  28; 
P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Dec.  7,  1820, 
in  Warren  Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1827,  he  came 
to  Shelby  Co.,  Ind.;  in  1843,  removed 
to  De  Kalb  Co.,  111.;  in  1854,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1855,  removed 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  175  acres, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Married 
Martha  Mendenhall  April  19,  1840 ; 
she  was  born  July  28,  1824,  in  Mus- 
kingum Co.,  Ohio;  have  nine  children — 
T.  J.,  Aaron,  Newton,  James,  Elizabeth, 
F.  D.,  Geraldine,  George  Irvin,  Emma 
A.  Mr.  Van  P.  served  nine  months  till 
the  close  of  the  war.  T.  J.  enlisted  in 
'61  in  Co.  H,  13th  I.  Y.  I. ;  served 
three  years,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. Mrs.  Van  P.'s  parents  live 
witli  them  ;  her  father  was  born  May 
0.  1797  ;  her  mother  was  born  Oct. 
25,  1771  ;  both  born  in  Virginia. 

Viles,    A.  H..  far.,  Sec   29;   P.  O.  State 

YOHH  WILLI  A]H,  farmer,  S.  10  ; 
P.  O.  State  Centre  ;  born  Aug.  10, 
1 838,  in  Germany  ;  in  1860,  he  came  to 
Grant  Co.,  Wis.;  in  1863,  came  to 
Stephenson  (^o..  111.;  in  1868,  removed 
to  State  Centre,  Iowa  ;  owns  250  acres, 
valued  ;it  825  per  acre.     Mairied  Louisa 


Lange   Sept.   9,    1864 ;   she   was  born 
Aug.    30,     1845,   in    Germany;    have 
three    children  —  Emma,    Albert    and 
George. 
Voss.  Wm.  H.,  wagon  mfg.,  State  Centre. 

WARD,  P.  W.,  blacksmith.  State 
Centre. 

WALLACE,  J.  C,  farmer,  Sec. 
29  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  March 
12,  1845,  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio; 
May  15,  1869,  he  came  to  his  present 
farm ;  owns  200  acres.  His  father,  Wm. 
Wallace,  lives  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio, 
aged  about  64  years.  Enlisted  in  1863 
in  Co.  F,  143d  0.  V.  I.;  served  about 
four  months  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. His  mother  was  born  in 
Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  March,  1823,  and 
died   in  1847  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio. 

WALKER,  CHAS.  F.,  farmer, 
S.  35;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  Aug.  15, 
1835,  in  Somerset  Co.;  Penn.;  in  1856, 
he  came  to  Lee  Co.,  111.;  in  1872,  he 
came  to  Ogle  Co.,  111.;  in  1877,  came 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  160  acres, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre.  Married  Mary 
J.  Thomas  April  8,  1868 ;  she  was 
born  in  1844  in  Adams  Co.,  Penn ; 
have  six  children — Lester,  Millie,  Alice, 
Susan,  Charles  and  Lulu.  Members 
of  the  German  Baptist  Church. 

WALKER,  FRAIVK,  attorney, 
State  Centre ;  he  was  born  Jan. 
24,  1840,  in  Crawford  Co.,  Penn., 
in  1843,  he  came  to  La  Salle 
Co.,  111.,  with  his  parents  ;  in  1866,  he 
removed  to  State  Centre,  Iowa  ;  he  built 
the  first  hardware  store  in  State  Centre. 
Has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace  about  six 
years  ;  connnenced  the  practice  of  law 
in  1876.  Married  L.  J.  Weeks  March 
7,  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  1838  in  Illi- 
nois ;  have  three  children  —  Grant, 
Hellcn  and  Harry.  Enlisted  in  1861 
in  Co.  H,  10th  111.  V.  I.,  and  served 
about  three  months. 

WALKER,  WASHINCiTON, 
Justice  of  the  Peace  and  dealer  in  live 
stock.  State  Centre ;  born  June  16, 
1813,  in  Erie  Co.,  Penn.;  in  1833,  he 
came  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  in  1842,  he 
came  to  La  Salle  Co.,  111.;  in  1866,  he 
removed  to  State  Centre  ;  owns  house 
and  lot  in  the  city.  Married  Anna 
Warren  in  1837  ;  she  was  born  in  Aug., 
1815,  in  Rochester,  N.    Y.;    had  seven 


STATE  CENTRE  TOWNSHIP. 


613 


children;  five  living — Sarah  A.,  Frank, 
Cassie,  Warren  and  Henrietta.  Warren 
enlisted  in  the  l(l5th  111.  V.  I.,  and 
served  about  one  year.  Mr.  W.  was 
the  first  Mayor  of  State  Centre ;  he 
filled  this  position  two  terms. 

Watson,  Wm..  far.,  S.  22;  P.  O.  State 
Ceutri'. 

WIESE,  HEXRY  W.,  general 
merchandise,  State  Centre  ;  born  Sept. 
6,  1887,  in  Germany;  in  18G4,  he  came 
to  Davenport,  Iowa  ;  in  1865,  he  com- 
menced peddling  with  horse  and  wagon; 
afterward  drove  two  horses  and  wagon ; 
his  route  was  from  Davenport  to  Clinton 
and  Lyons  and  other  points  in  that 
vicinity.  He  bought  forty  acres  of  land 
in  18()7  in  Crawford  Co.,  Iowa,  for  which 
he  paid  $435;  in  1868,  he  also  bought 
eighty  acres  for  $560  ;  this  land  he  has 
since  sold ;  he  owns  his  store  and  lot. 
His  father  was  born  in  1803,  and  lives 
in  Germany.  He  has  one  brother,  who 
lives  with  his  father. 

WEI.TY,  JOHX  P.,  firm  of  Bul- 
lock &  Welty,  livery,  sale  and  feed 
stables,  State  Centre  ;  born  Jan.  25, 
1848,  in  Lycoming  Co.,  Penn  ;  in  1856, 
came  to  Bureau  Co.,  111.  ;  in  1869,  re- 
moved to  State  Centre,  Iowa  ;  he  owns 
one-half  interest  in  theu-  livery,  and 
house  and  lot  in  the  city.  Married  Cor- 
nelia Epperson  Feb.  25,  1864  ;  she  was 
born  Nov.  14,  1846,  in  Bureau  Co.,  111., 
and  died  April  9,  1875 ;  have  three 
children — Lillie  L.,  born  June  26,  1866  ; 
Nellie,  Dec.  20,  1868,  and  Boy,  March 
30,  1875.  Second  marriage  to  Phebe 
Gregory  Feb.  17,  1876  ;  she  was  born 
June  22,  1850,  in  Woodstock,  Ohio ; 
have  one  child — Emily  C.,  born  Nov. 
29,  1876. 

WEST,  B.  S.,  firm  of  West  & 
Shearer,  general  hardware,  State  Centre  ; 
born  Dec.  22,  1840,  in  Columbiana  Co., 
Ohio  ;  in  1846,  came  to  Henry  Co.,  Ind.; 
in  1871,  came  to  State  Centre,  and  com- 
menced the  hardware  business  with  A. 
M.  Freelove  ;  continued  it  about  two 
years,  then  continued  the  business  on 
his  own  account  for  about  two  years  ; 
then  two  years  firm  of  West  &  Boss  ;  in 
1878,  commenced  the  firm  of  West  & 
Shearer.  Married  Emma  Williams  April 
22,  1876  ;  she  was  born  in  1853,  in 
Brooklyn,    N.   Y.  ;    have    one    child — 


Lulu  May,  born  in  1877.  Enlisted  in 
1861,  in  Co.  E,  8th  Ind.  V.  I.;  served 
three  years,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. 

WHITEHIl^L,  W.  H.,  far ,  Sec. 
12  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  in  Cale- 
donia Co.,  Vt.,  in  1841 ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1868.  Married  Miss  Maggie 
J.  Gibson  in  1869  ;  she  was  born  in  the 
same  county  in  Vermont  in  1840  ;  have 
four  children — Nelson  M.,  born  Oct.  1, 
1870  ;  William  J.,  Dec.  25, 1873  ;  Ben- 
jamin C,  March  5,  1875;  Anna  B., 
June  29,  1877.  Mrs.  W.  is  a  Baptist. 
He  is  a  Bepublican  and  President  of  the 
School  Board.  He,  with  his  brother, 
owns  240  acres  of  land,  worth  $40  per 
acre.  He  enlisted  in  the  10th  Vt  .V.  I., 
Co.  A,  in  1862  ;  mustered  out  July  2, 
1865  ;  was  with  Sheridan  all  his  ser- 
vice. 

WHITSOX,  O.  J.,  firm  of  J.  W. 
Dobbin  &  Co.,  bankers,  State  Centre; 
born  Sept.  24,  ]  847,  in  Uniontown, 
Penn.  ;  in  1853,  came  with  his  parents 
to  Cedar  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1867,  removed  to 
State  Centre,  Iowa.  Married  Julia  A. 
Lay  Dec.  16,  1868  ;  she  was  born  Jan. 
13,1847,  in  Illinois. 

Wilkins,  W.  H.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Williams,  J.  L.,  painter,  State  Centre. 

WINSLOW,  CHARLES,  carpen 
ter.  State  Centre  ;  born  Nov.  13, 1844,  in 
Merrimack  Co.,  N.  H. ;  in  1 865,  came  to 
Marshalltown,  Iowa  ;  in  1867.  removed  to 
State  Centre.  He  owns  house  and  three 
lots  in  the  city,  also  one-half  interest  in 
the  store  occupied  by  Henshaw  &  Gulic. 
Married  Lizzie  Van  Pelt  Oct.,  1869  ; 
she  was  born  Oct,  3,  1853,  in  Indiana  ; 
have  one  adopted  boy — John  Doyle. 

Woits,  A.,  laborer.  State  Centre. 

WOOD,C.  K.,  retired,  State  Centre  ; 
born  March  27,  1827,  in  Providence,  R. 
I.;  in  1847,  came  to  Erie  Co.,  Penn.; 
in  1851,  came  to  Winneshiek  Co.,  Iowa; 
in  1868,  removed  to  Manshall  Co.,  Iowa  ; 
owns  170  acres  of  land  in  Eden  Tp., 
also  his  residence  in  State  Centre.  Mar- 
ried S.  L.  Howard,  daughter  of  Dolpha 
Howard,  Nov.  18,  1849  ;  she  was  born 
Nov.  7,  1827,  in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N. 
Y. ;  have  six  children — William  W., 
born  Oct.  6.  1850  ;  Sarah  A.,  Feb.  7, 
1853;  C.  A.,  Oct.    23,    1854;  F.    A., 


614 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


Dec.  L'4,  1858  ;  C.  E.,  Dec.  15,    1865, 

and  Ida,  July  9,  1866. 
Woolston,  F.  A.,  restaurant,  State  Centre. 
Woolston,  J.  S.,  far.,  S.   83  ;   P.   0.  State 

Centre. 
Woodard,  C.  H.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  State 

Centre. 


ZIMMERMAN,    CHARLES,   saloon, 
State  Centre. 
Zwilling,  D.,  general    merchandise,  State 

Centre. 
Zwilling,     Henry,    general     merchandise, 
State  Centre. 


GREEN    CASTLE    TOWNSHIP. 


ACKLEY,  WILLIAM,  far.,  S.  15  ; 
P.  0.  Gilman. 

Adkins,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Alden,  C.  E.,  far.,  S.  12 ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

AliEXAlVDER,  HENRY,  pro- 
prietor of  Gilman  House,  Gilman  ;  born 
May  12,  1826,  in  JeflFerson  (^o.,  N.  Y.  ; 
his  father's  name  was  Solomon,  and  died 
when  he  was  about  4  years  old.  At  the 
age  of  15,  he  went  on  board  a  whaling 
vessel  from  Provincetown,  near  Boston, 
which  was  out  nine  months ;  then  went 
on  board  a  merchant  vessel  which  run 
between  New  York  and  Liverpool,  and 
was  on  merchant  vessels  till  his  last  trip 
on  the  ocean,  which  was  on  a  whaling 
voyage  ;  he  returned  to  his  native  county 
in  January,  1848,  having  been  on  the 
ocean  five  years.  The  following  March 
28,  1848,  he  was  married  to  a  Miss 
Julia  Hubbard,  of  the  same  county, 
where  she  was  born  Jan.  29.  1830  ;  soon 
after  their  marriage,  he  moved  to  Sack- 
ett'a  Harbor,  on  Lake  Ontario,  as  Captain 
of  a  vessel,  and  continued  on  the  lake 
till  1857,  when  he  moved  to  Dodge  Co., 
Wis. ;  leaving  his  family  in  Dodge  Co., 
he  again  went  on  the  lake,  most  of  the 
time  as  Captain  of  a  vessel,  till  1868; 
he  then  came  to  Marshall  Co.  and  set- 
tled on  a  farm  near  where  the  town  of 
Gilman  now  is  ;  after  the  town  was  laid 
out,  in  1871,  he  came  into  town  and 
built  the  first  hotel,  and  built  some  other 
buildings  ;  he  came  into  his  present  ho- 
tel in  1875,  which  is  a  fine  building,  and 
is  considered  one  of  the  best  run  hotels 
on  the  Central  Road.  Have  two  chil- 
dren living — Alice  and  Efiy  ;  lost  one — 
Augusta ;  Alice  married  Byron  Ohl 
Aug.  11,  1874. 

Altic,  D.,  far.,  S.  17;  P.  O.  Gilman. 

Andrews,  R.,  carp,  and  joiner,  Gilman. 


ARCHERD,  R.  H.,  dealer  in  real 
estate,  and  Mayor  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  Gilman  ;  born  April  30,  1822,  in 
Clermont  Co.,  Ohio,  Ulysses  S.  Grant 
being  born  three  days  previous  in  the 
same  township ;  came  from  there  to  Jef- 
ferson Tp.,  of  this  county,  in  the  Spring 
of  1864,  where  he  served  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  a  little  over  ten  years  ;  came 
to  Gilman  in  1876.  Was  elected  Justice 
the  following  Fall,  and  Mayor  of  the 
town  in  March,  1878.  Was  married  to 
Nancy  R.  Simmons  Oct.  19,  1841,  in 
Ohio  ;  she  was  born  Oct.  3, 1823,  in  the 
same  State,  and  died  in  this  county  Jan. 
27,  1867  ;  was  again  married,  to  Mary 
E.  Merwin,  March  25,  1869,  of  Black 
Hawk  Co. ;  she  was  born  Oct.  10,  1837, 
in  Pennsylvania  ;  have  nine  children  hv- 
ing — seven  by  first  wife  and  two  by  sec- 
ond— John  T.,  James  B.,  Lavanda  R., 
Leonard  S.,  Russell  H.,  Essie  A.,  Elmer 
E.  and  Mabel,  and  Sidney  H.  Member 
of  the  M.  E.  Church;  Republican. 

Aslacksen,  A.,  for. ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

BARKER,  W.  H.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0. 
Gilman. 
BEAL.E,  DENNIS,  dealer  in  grain 
and  live  stock,  etc.,  Gilman  ;  he  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1838,  in  Somerset  Co.,  Penn., 
whereheremainedtillthe  Spring  of  1861, 
when  he  came  to  Dixon,  111.  At  his 
country's  call,  in  1861,  he  joined  Capt. 
Bowen's independent  battalion, which  was 
attached  to  the  lOth  Missouri  Cavalry  in 
1863  ;  was  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge, 
Ark.,  as  also  several  skirmishes;  was 
mustered  out  Oct.  26,  1864,  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  then  returned  to  Illinois 
for  a  short  time  ;  then  went  to  visit  his 
native  county  in  Pennsylvania,  and  while 
there,  married  Miss  Catherine  Walker, 
Jan.  5,  1865  ;  she  was  born  in  the  same 


GREEN  CASTLE  TOWNSHIP. 


615 


county  Oct.  1,  1842.  Soon  after  his 
marriage  he  came  to  Montour,  Tama 
Co.,  Iowa,  wliere  lie  engaged  in  the  grain 
and  stock  business  ;  his  wife  died  there 
Jan.  29,  1871.  In  July,  1875,  he  came 
to  Gilman  and  engaged  in  his  present 
business  in  company  with  his  brother, 
L.  G.  Beale.  H.c  was  again  married,  to 
Mrs.  Lovina  Wetmore,  of  Canfield,  Ma- 
honing Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  22,  1877;  her 
maiden  name  was  Patterson ;  she  was 
born  Fob.  6,  1839,  in  Trumbull  Co., 
Ohio ;  she  has  one  daughter  by  her  first 
husband  ;  her  name  is  Flora.  Mr.  Beale 
is  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Beale,  L.  G.,  grain  and  stock  dealer,  Gil- 
man. 

BEXDER,  J0H:N,  farmer,  Sec.  15; 
P.  0.  Gilman  ;  owns  320  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $-10  per  acre ;  born  Nov.  12, 
1831,  in  Germany  ;  came  from  there  to 
Marshall  Co.,  111.,  in  1852,  and  from 
there  to  this  county  in  1859,  and  fol- 
lowed railroading  till  1861,  then  came  on 
to  his  present  farm.  Married  Anna 
Zabel  Oct.  28,  1854,  in  Illinois;  she 
was  born  July  12,  1826,  in  Germany  ; 
have  four  children  living — William,  Ju- 
lia, Joseph  and  Henry  ;  lost  four — John, 
Charles,  Peter  and  Anna.  Members  of 
the  Catholic  Church  ;  Democrat. 

Bennett,  L.  M.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Bethel,  C,  far.,  S.  27;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Brown,  Jas.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Bryngelson,  M.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  GUman. 

Bryngelson,  Ole,  Jr.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0. 
Gilman. 

Bryngelson,  Ole,  Sr.,  far.,  S.  12;  P.  0. 
Gilman. 

Burtch,  B.  W.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Button,  Neils,  far.;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

CABELL,  A.  L.,  farmer,  Sec.  7  ;  P. 
Gilman. 
CARXEY,  J.,  real  estate  dealer.  No- 
tary Public  and  insurance  agent,  Gil- 
man ;  born  Oct.  10.  1836,  in  Essex  Co., 
Mass.;  parents  went  to  Lawrence  when 
he  was  very  small,  and,  in  1851 ,  to  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.  His  father  W3s  a  con- 
tractor on  the  P.,  Ft.  W.  &  C.  R.  R. 
In  the  Fall  of  1854,came  to  Poweshiek 
Co.,  Iowa;  the  ensuing  Spring,  he  en- 
tered the  Iowa  College  at  Grinnell,  where 
he  remained  till  the  Spring  of  1861, 
when,  at  his   country's  call,  he  enlisted 


in  Co.  E,  of  the  4th  Iowa  V.  C;  soon 
after  he  was  promoted  to  the  office  of 
Regimental  Commis.sary  Sergeant,  which 
position  he  held  until  he  was  mustered 
out  Aug.  25,  1865.  He  then  returntid 
home  ;  soon  after  engaged  in  the  book 
and  stationery  business,  which  he  con- 
tinued for  four  years  ;  then  went  into 
the  hardware  business,  which  he  followed 
till  1875  ;  he  then  came  to  Gilman,  and 
commenced  his  present  business.  He 
was  elected  the  first  Mayor  of  the  town, 
and  was  re-elected  the  second  time.  He 
married  Mi.ss  Lizzy  M.  Bliss  Aug.  26, 
1868,  in  Poweshiek  Co.;  she  was  born  in 
1848  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  died  in 
Gilman  Dec.  30,  1875.  Member  of  the 
Congregational  Church ;  Republican. 

Clark,  A.,  far.,  S.  10;   P.  0.  Gilman. 

COLEBURN,  WILL.IAM,farmer 
and  stock  raiser,  Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Gil- 
man ;  owns  323  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$35  per  acre;  he  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1827,  in  Derbyshire,  England ;  came 
from  there  to  Blair  Co.,  Penn.,  in  May, 
1853,  and  to  Bureau  Co.,  111.,  in  the 
Spring  of  1567,  where  he  lived  until 
the  Spring  of  1875  ;  then  came  to  this 
county,  and  settled  on  his  present  farm. 
He  was  married  to  Jane  F.  Seurr  July 
16,  1858,  in  Illinois ;  she  was  born 
Nov.  29,  1829,  in  Guernsey  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
have  three  children — Emma  F.,  born 
July  11,  1861  ;  Charles  ^Y.,  Jan  (>, 
1864;  Susan  A.,  July  22, 1866.  Mem- 
ber of  the  M.  E.  Church  ;  Republican. 

COOPER,  1>.  E.,  farmer.  Sec.  20  ; 
P.  0.  Gilman  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre;  he  was 
born  April  12.  1825.  in  Pulaski  Co., 
Ky.;  came  with  his  parents  to  Owen  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1830  ;  remained  there  until  the 
Summer  of  1847,  and  then  came  to  Jas- 
per Co.,  Iowa,  and  the  following  March 
came  into  Marshall  Co.,  and  made  claims 
on  Timber  Creek  (what  is  now  known 
as  Timber  Creek  Tp.) ;  the  country  was 
then  a  wild  waste  ;  there  were  onl}*  eight 
families,  including  his,  in  the  county  ; 
the  first  election  in  the  county  was  held 
in  the  Fall  of  1848  ;  J.  M.  Ferguson 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
Mr.  D.  E.  Cooper,  Constable,  but  for 
election  purposes,  they  were  attached  to 
Jasper  Co.,  Iowa  ;  the  Fall  of  1849  was 
the  first  election  for  county  officers   f  jr 


€16 


DIRECTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Marshall  Co.;  Joshua  Kemp  was  elected 
Probate  Judge;  J.  M.  Ferguson,  Sheriff; 
D.  E.  Cooper,  Clerk,  and  Joseph  Coop- 
er and  William  Ralls,  Commissioners,  and 
they  appointed  William  Smith  as  their 
Clerk;  D.  E.  Cooper  issued  the 
first  marriage  license  in  Marshall  Co., 
to  Almyron  Geir  and  a  Miss  Ballard  ; 
shortly  after,  he  resigned,  and  William 
Smith  was  appointed  County  Clerk,  and 
issued  the  second  marriage  license  in  the 
county  to  D.  E.  Cooper  and  Martha  A. 
Smith,  who  were  married  June  16, 1850, 
by  A.  J.Smith,  J.  P.  His  wife  was  born 
A)  ril  21 ,  1833,  in  Ohio  ;  they  have 
eight  children  living — Mary  J.,  Louisa 
a",  Sarah  E.,  Martha  E.,  Ida  A.,  Net- 
tie E.,  Eva  L.  and  Edward  W.;  lost 
two — Mahala  A.  and  Clara  A.  Mr. 
Cooper  came  on  his  present  farm  in  1871. 
Members  of  the  Christian  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

■Cooper,  I.,  far.;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

€rosby,  S.  D.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Oilman. 

tlXXIXGHAM,  EPHRAIM, 
dealer  in  dry  goods  and  general  merchan- 
dise, Grilman  ;  he  was  born  March  6, 
1852,  in  Juniata  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he 
resided  until  he  came  to  this  county  in 
the  Spring  of  1875,  and  settled  in  Gil- 
man  the  following  Fall ;  engaged  in  the 
grocery  and  boot  and  shoe  business  with 
his  present  partner,  Mr.  Hartman,  and 
in  the  Fall  of  1877,  added  dry  goods  to 
their  stock.  Mr.  Cunningham  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Jennie  Horton,  daughter  of 
W.  S.  Horton,  of  Gilman,  Dec.  27, 
1877  ;  she  was  born  in  18(i0  in  Massa- 
chusetts.    Republican. 

DAVIS,  N.  M.,  retired  farmer  ;  P.  O. 
Gilman. 

]>oolittle,  S.,  merchant,  Gilman. 

Drew,  S.  B.,  harness  maker,  Gilman. 

Dwight,  F.  E..  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  (Oilman. 

Dwitiht.  S..  for.,  H.  4  ;  P.  0.  Dillon. 

ERICKSON,  ERICK,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P. 
0.  Dillon. 
F ANTON,  A.  D.,  farmer,  S.  30  ;  P. 
0.  Gilman. 
Fanton,  Clark,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 
Fanton.  E.  W.,  teamster,  Gilman. 
Fish,  E.  R.,  lumber  dealer,  Gilman. 
F  O  R  B  U  S  H,    W.  D.,    dealer  in 
gi'oceries,  boots,  shoes,  queensware,  etc., 
Gilman  ;    born  July  27,  1836,  in  Chau- 
tauqua Co.,  N.  Y.;  followed  the  grocery 


business  at  Sinclairville  in  his  native 
county  from  1864  to  1869  ;  then  came 
to  this  county  and  settled  in  Jefferson 
Township  on  a  farm,  which  he  still  owns  ; 
he  followed  the  poultry  and  game  busi- 
ness four  winters  of  the  time  that  he 
lived  on  his  farm,  and  in  1876,  he 
rented  his  farm,  and  came  to  Gilman 
and  engaged  in  his  present  business. 
He  served  in  Co.  F  of  the  154tli  N.  Y. 
V.  I.;  served  nine  months.  Married 
Cornelia  Young  of  same  county  Dec.  2, 
1856;  she  was  born  July  12,  1840; 
have  two  children — Mary,  born  April 
2,  1860  ;  George  W.,  born  June  18, 
1864.     Republican. 

Fuller,  W.  M.,  far.  S.  5;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

r^  OSHON,  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  8 ;  P. 

\jr     0.  Gilman. 

GR£GG,  H.  H.,  dealer  in  dry 
goods  and  general  merchandi»e, 
Gilman  ;  born  March  28,  1846,  in  Lou- 
don Co.,  Va.  He  espoused  the  cause  of 
the  Confederates,  and  served  as  courier 
for  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  nearly  three 
years ;  then  enlisted  in  Co.  D,  of  the 
35th  Battalion  Va.  Vols.;  served  under 
Col.  Mosby.  After  the  war  closed  he 
followed  clerking  in  the  dry  goods  busi- 
ness five  or  six  years ;  then  came  tt> 
Gilman,  in  1872,  where  he  continued 
the  same  business  until  he  commenced 
business  for  himself  in  the  present 
year.  He  was  elected  Recorder  of  the 
town,  which  office  he  has  filled  ever 
since.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Dora 
Ellis  Sept.  17,  1874 ;  she  was  born 
May  2,  1856,  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.; 
they  have  one  son — Harry  S.,  born  Aug. 
16,  1877.     Independent  in  politics. 

Gressman,  G.  R.,  liveryman,  Gilman. 

HALL,  M.  D.,  far..  Sec.  35 ;  P.  0. 
Gilman. 

Hamilton.W.  M.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Harton,  Jas.,  retired  farmer,  Gilman. 

Hartman,  James  A.,  dry  goods  merchant, 
Gilman 

Hartman,  Peter,  ret.  far.,  Gilman. 

HEAD,  H.  W.,  farmer,  P.  O. 
Dillon ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $40  per  acre ;  he  was  born  March  6, 
1833,  in  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.;  removed 
from  there  to  Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  in 
1851  ;  remained  there  till  the  Spring 
of  1869,  then  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa  ;  stopped  in  Le  Grand  Township  a 


GREEN  CASTLE  TOWNSHIP. 


617 


year  and  a  half ;  then  came  on  to  his 
present  farm  in  Grreen  Castle  Township. 
Married  Arminda  VVorley  March  6, 
1856,  in  Illinois  ;  she  was  born  July  21, 
1836,  in  New  York  :  have  four  living  chil- 
dren—  ]^ardon,bornin  April,  1856;  Wil- 
liam F.,  born  in  April,  1860  ;  Henry  W., 
born  in  January,  1863  ;  Corey  A.,  born 
in  Dec.  1868.     Independent  in  politics. 

HE«GEM,  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec. 
14;  P.  0.  (jrilman ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born 
in  1849  near  Stavanger,  Norway  ;  emi- 
grated from  there  to  Iowa  in  1859  ; 
stopped  a  couple  of  months  in  Henry  Co.; 
then  came  to  Le  Grand  Township  in 
this  county,  and  from  there  on  his 
present  farm  in  1873.  Married  Regina 
Shelly  July  19,  1873 ;  she  was  born 
in  Sept.,  1859,  in  Norway  ;  they  have 
one  daughter,  an  infant.        Republican. 

Herring,  A.  D.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Hicks,  A   B.,  carp,  and  joiner,  Gilman. 

Hill,  Ole,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

HILI^ABECK,  DAVID  I.,  far., 

S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Gilman  ;  owns  a  farm  of 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre;  was  born  Jan.  27,  1846,  in  Owen 
Co.,  Ind. ;  emigrated  from  there  with 
his  father,  Wm.  Hilsabeck,  to  this 
county  in  the  Fall  of  1852,  when  they 
settled  in  Timber  Creek  Tp.  ;  came  to 
his  present  farm  in  1871.  Married  Car- 
oline E.  Williams  July  25,  1871  ;  she 
was  born  June  25,  1849,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia ;  have  three  children — Alfred  R., 
born  July  5,  1872;  Bertha  M.,  born 
June  25,  1875,  and  an  infant,  born 
June  6,  1878.  Member  of  Christian 
Church  ;   Democrat; 

HILI^ABECK,  DAVID,  farmer, 
Sec.  31  ;  P.  0.  Gilman  ;  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre ; 
born  Oct.  14,  1850,  in  Owen  Co.,  Ind., 
and  emigrated  to  Iowa  with  his  father, 
Elias  Hilsabeck,  in  the  Fall  of  1852  ; 
settled  in  the  northwest  part  of  this  Tj). 
He  married  Mary  J.  Boyles  Dec.  29, 
1870,  in  this  county  ;  she  was  born 
July  6,  1852,  in  Indiana  ;  have  adopted 
son — Oliver  T.,  who  was  born  Dec.  6, 
1876.      Democrat. 

HILSABECK,  ELIAS,  ftmuer  ; 
P.  0.  Timber  Creek;  owns  520  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  born  Feb. 
23,  1815,  in  Stokes  Co.,  N.  C. ;  in  the 


Fall  of  1835,  emigrated  to  Owen  Co., 
Ind.,  where  he  remained  until  the  Sjtring 
of  1849  ;  moved  to  Greene  Co..  where 
he  remained  until  the  Fall  of  1852, 
when  he  came  to  Marshall  Co.  ;  arriveii 
on  his  present  farm  Nov.  27,  1852,  the 
snow  being  two  feet  deep  on  the  level ; 
his  nearest  trading  point  was  Newton, 
Jasper  Co.,  and  Iowa  City  his  nearest 
grist-mill,  a  distance  of  eighty  miles. 
The  following  year,  a  man  of  the  name 
of  Rice  started  a  store  in  Marsh  all  town. 
Mr.  Hilsabeck,  by  close  application  to 
his  business,  economy  and  frug-ality,  has 
accumulated  a  competence  of  this  world's 
goods  suflBciont  ti)  procure  for  him  the 
comforts  of  life  in  his  declining  years, 
besides  giving  those  of  his  children  who 
are  away  for  themselves  a  good  start  in 
the  world.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Saluda  Rickabaugh  June  27,  1841,  in 
Indiana ;  she  was  born  March  10, 1821  ; 
have  ten  children  living — Martha  E. 
and  Mary  E.  were  born  Oct.  31,  1843  ; 
Martin,  born  Aug.  21,  1845  ;  Matilda 
C,  Dec.  2.  1847  ;  Susannah  E..  Feb. 
24,  1849  ;  David,  Oct.  14, 1850  ;  John, 
March  12,  1852;  Sarah  I.,  June  21, 
1860;  Lydia  T.,  June  2,  1864,  and 
Emma  R.,  Dec.  9,  1865  ;  lost  five  chil- 
dren— Francis,  Rebecca  A.,  Permelia 
A.,  Saluda  E.  and  Eliza  J.  Mr.  Hilsa- 
beck has  served  as  Count}'  Supervisor 
two  terms.  Member  of  A.,  F.  &  A.  M. 
Democrat. 

HILSABECK,  JOHN,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Gilman  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  born  March 
12,  1852,  in  Greene  Co.,  Ind.;  came 
with  his  father,  Elias  Hilsabeck,  to 
Marshall  Co.  in  the  Fall  of  1852,  and 
settled  in  northwest  part  of  this  Tp.. 
where  he  still  resides.  Married  Carrie 
Hoes  Feb.  11,  1875 ;  she  was  born 
June  7,  1856,  in  this  county  ;  have  had 
one  child — Nellie  A.,  born  Oct.  26. 
1876,  and  died  Feb.  20,  1877.  Came  to 
his  present  farm  in  the  Spring  of  1875. 
Is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  ; 
Democrat. 

Hilsabeck,  Martin,  far  .  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Timber 
Creek. 

HOES,  E.  H.,  farmer,_Sec.  5  ;  P.  0. 
Timber  Crock  ;  owns  405  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $45  per  acre  ;  he  was  born 
Feb.   1,    1825,  in  Ontario   Co.,  N.  Y.;, 


618 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


his  parents    moved    into   Yutes    Co.  in 
1830,  where  he  remained   till   he  came 
to  this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1854  ; 
lived  at  Marshalltown  till  the  Spring  of 
1861,  when  he  moved  into  Timber  Creek 
Township,  and  remained  till  the  Spring 
of  1864,  when  he  came  on  to  his  present 
farm.     Maifried  Emily  Brown  July  30, 
1855,    in    Yates    Co.,  N.  Y. ;  she  was 
born  Nov.  21,    1834,  in   New  York; 
have  eight  children  —  Carrie   S.,  born 
June    7,   1856 ;    Frank   H.,  born  Feb. 
24,     1859;     Lewis    L.,    born    Jan.    8, 
1862;   William,  born  March  5,   1864; 
Freddie,  born  Sept.   17,   1861;    Belle, 
born     Feb.     2,     1870;     Trudie,    born 
Sept.  27,  1873;  Dilla,   born  Sept.  23, 
1875;  Republican. 
HORTON,   W.    H.,   retired  farmer, 
P.  0.  Gilman  ;  born  Aug.  16,  1829,  in 
Amherst,  Nova   Scotia,  where  he  lived 
till  1850,  when  he  went  to  California, 
where    he   followed    mining  and   stock 
dealing  till  1864,  then  returned  to  New 
York    City,   where    he  remained    only 
about     three     months ;      he    came    to 
Bureau  Co.,  111.;  remained  there   about 
ten  years  ;  then  came  to  Gilman  of  this 
county;  purchased  a  farm  of  160  acres 
about  two    miles   from    town,   also    his 
residence  in   town.     3Iarried   Mary  A. 
Cole,  of  New  York  City,  S^>pt.  27,  1850  ; 
she  was  born    Feb.   9,   1833,  in    New 
Brunswick  ;  have  three   children  living 
— Jennie    B.,   Hattie  and    Lilly ;    lost 
one — Walter  B.     Members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church  ;  Republican. 
HOSKY'X,  ED.,  editor  and   propri- 
etor of  the  Gilman   Despatch,  Gilman  ; 
born  Sept.  19, 1846,  in  Berkshire,  Eng.; 
came  with  parents  to  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
in  the  Fall  of  1851,   and  the   following  i 
Spring  went  to  Waukesha  Co..  where  | 
he  remained  till  the  Fall  of  1857.  then 
went  to  Adams    Co.,  and  from  there  to 
Lodi,  Columbia  Co.,  in  1866,  where  his  ; 
parents  remained   four   years,   the  first  | 
year  of  which    he   attended   the  High 
School  in  Lodi,  and  the  remaining  three 
years  the  State  University  at  Madison, 
Wis.,  at  the  close  of  which  they  all  came 
to  State  Centre  of  this  county,  where  his 
parents  still  reside.     He  taught  school   ' 
the  following  Winter  and  Summer,  and 
in  the  Fall  of  1871,  entered  the  Upper  | 
Iowa  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  j 


he  having  previously  joined  the  Church 
in  1863.  He  was  first  stationed  at 
Blairstown  one  year  ;  next  at  Rockwell ; 
at  close  of  second  year  was  ordained 
Deacon ;  he  was  next  stationed  at 
Fredericksburg,  Chickasaw  Co.,  where 
he  remained  two  years ;  was  then  or- 
dained Elder ;  his  next  appointment 
was  in  Gilman,  in  the  Fall  of  1865  ; 
he  preached  two  years ;  in  the  Spring 
of  1877,  he  purchased  the  oflfice  of  the 
Gilman  Record  of  S.  W.  Grove,  which 
he  changed  to  the  Gilman  Despatch, 
which  he  is  still  running  Was  married 
to  Miss  Martha  P.  Price,  of  State  Centre, 
Nov.  20,  1871  ;  she  was  born  Feb.  13, 
1848,  near  Somonauk,  111  ;  have  two 
children — Albert  E.  and  Frederick    B. 

INGERSOLL,  A.  G.,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  Gilman. 
Inman,  B.,  far.,  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 
"T  ACKSON,  L.,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Johnson,  A.  W.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Johnson,  Engelbright,  far.,  S.  11  ;   P.    0. 
Gilman. 

Johnson,  Isaac,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  O.  Gilman. 

JOHXJ!iON,  J.  C,  photographer, 
Gilman  ;  he  was  born  Nov.  15,  1854, 
in  Urbana,  111.  ;  parents  moved  from 
there  to  this  county,  when  he  was  about 
1  year  old,  and  purchased  a  farm  about 
two  and  a  half  miles  west  from  where 
Gilman  is  now  ;  they  rented  the  farm, 
and  moved  into  Gilman  in  the  Fall  of 
1871.  His  father  died  in  June,  1876  ; 
his  mother  is  still  living  here,  witli 
whom  he  makes  bis  home.  He  com- 
menced learning  the  photograph  busi- 
ness in  1874,  and  has  .spent  one  year  in 
St.  Louis  and  one  year  in  Philadelphia 
at  the  same  business,  since  when  he  has 
had  the  advantage  of  the  best  skilled 
instruction  ;   Republican. 

JONKS,  H.  H.,  farmer  and  breeder 
of  thoroughbred  stock,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  (). 
Gilman;  owns  412  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  S35  per  acre  ;  he  was  born  Januaiy 
29,  1826,  in  North  Wales;  emigrated 
from  there  to  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 
in  June,  1841,  where  he  remained  until 
the  Spring  of  1854  ;  then  moved  to  Del- 
aware Co.,  Ohio,  and  in  the  Spring  of 
1855,  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  and 
settled  on  his  present  farm.  Married 
Eleanor    Williams   in    1854  ;    she  was 


GREEN  CASTLE  TOWNSHIP. 


619 


born  in  Dec,  1835,  in  Wales  ;  they  have 
seven  children — Mary  J.,  born  Aug.  16, 
1855;  Hugh  B.,  born  Aug.  3,  1857; 
Margaret  A.,  born  March  19,  18 — ; 
John  B.,  born  March  20,  18—;  Emma 
A.,  born  March  24,  1865  ;  Lauretta  B., 
born  July  25,  1870;  Myrtie,  born  in 
June,  1875.     Republican. 

JOIVES,  JOHN  P.,  S.  12  ;  P.O.  Gil- 
man  ;  owns  320  acres,  valued  at  $30  per 
acre;  born  April  19,  1824,  in  North 
Wales  ;  emigrated  from  there  to  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  the  Spring  of  1850,  and 
from  there  to  Marshall  Co.,  in  the  Spring 
ef  1855,  and  came  on  his  present  farm 
in  1858.  Married  Sarah  Thomas  March 
22,  1850  ;  she  was  born  May  9,  1839, 
in  New  York  ;  they  have  six  children 
living — John  W.,  born  April  20,  1857  ; 
Sarah  J.,  born  Dec.  27,  1858;  Charles 
T.,  born  Nov.  1,  1861  ;  Joseph  A.,  born 
April  27,  1863  ;  Rosella  M.,  born  Sept. 
15,  1867  ;  George  W.,  born  March  22, 
1869  ;  lost  three — Joshua  T.,  Sherman 
U.  and  Prussia  A.     Republican. 

JOXES,  WILLIAM  H.,  propr.  of 
wagon  and  blacksmith  shop,  Gilman  ;  he 
was  born  April  14,  1849,  in  Ogle  Co., 
111.;  his  mother  died  in  1858,  and  his 
lather,  John  Jones,  still  lives  there  ;  he 
left  Ogle  Co.  in  1875,  and  came  to  Dres- 
den, Poweshiek  Co.,  and  from  there  to 
Gilman  in  1876,  and  commenced  the 
business  he  is  still  following.     Democrat. 

LOHR,  JACOB,  farmer.  Sec.  34  ;  P. 
0.  Gilman. 

LACEY,  J.  D.,  retired  farmer;  P. 
0.  Gilman  ;  born  March  26,  1813,  in 
Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.;  learned  the  black- 
smith's trade  at  Danbury,  which  busi- 
ness he  followed  until  he  came  to  Wil- 
ton, Muscatine  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1857, 
where  he  continued  most  of  the  time 
until  he  came  to  this  county  in  Aug., 
1866  ;  he  purchased  a  farm  of  160  acres, 
southeast  of  town  one  mile,  which  he 
sold  and  moved  into  Gilman  in  1876. 
He  married  jNIary  Barnes,  Nov. 
24,  1835,  in  Connecticut ;  she  was  born 
May  13,  1816,  in  Connecticut ;  have  no 
children.  Members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Ludlow,  L.  R.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Lutes,  J.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

^/TcPHERSON,  A.,    bridge   builder, 

±VL     Gilman. 


McDANIEL,  BARKLEY,  far , 

Sec.  28  ;  P.  O.  Gilman  ;  he  was  born 
March  (),  1836,  in  Bedford  Co.,  Penn.; 
came  from  there  to  Rock  Island  Co., 
111.,  in  July,  1860  ;  remained  there  un- 
til the  Spring  of  1866,  and  then  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  of  120  acres,  which  is  now 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Married  INIary 
Sparks  May  30,  1859,  in  Pennsylvania  ; 
she  was  born  Oct.  14,  1837  ;  have  one 
daughter — Amelia,  born  Aug.  29, 1861, 
in  Illinois.     Republican. 

McDANIEL.,  I>ABfIEL,  farmer. 
Sec.  28;  P.  0.  Gilman;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ; 
was  born  April  24,  1842,  in  Bedford 
Co..  Penn.  ;  came  to  Mercer  Co.,  111.,  in 
the- Fall  of  1860,  and  in  the  Winter  of 
1862,  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  and  en- 
listed in  his  country's  service  in  June, 
1862,  for  nine  months,  in  Company  C, 
of  the  133d  Penn.  V.  I.  ;  at  the  expi- 
ration of  that  time,  he  re-enlisted  in 
Company  K,  of  the  112th  Penn.  V.  I.  ; 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg  and  many  others  near 
Washington  and  Richmond  ;  was  capt- 
ured at  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor  by 
Gen.  Lee,  and  taken  to  Richmond,  and 
from  there  was  taken  to  Andersonville 
June  15,  where  he  was  kept  until  the 
29th  of  September,  1864,  where  he  suf- 
fered all  the  horrors  of  that  loathsome 
and  detestable  pen,  which  are  almost  be- 
yond the  power  of  speech  to  express  ; 
he  was  then  taken  to  Macon,  Ga.,  and 
subsequently  taken  to  Savannah  ;  thence 
to  Blackshire  Prison,  and  lastly,  to  Flor- 
ence, South  Carolina,  where  he  received 
still  poorer  fare  than  at  Andersonville  ; 
he  was  next  taken  to  Goldsboro,  North 
Carolina,  and  was  there  paroled  and 
sent  to  Wilmington,  Delaware ;  was 
mustered  out  of  the  United  States  serv- 
ice July  25,  1865  ;  returned  home  and 
married  Elizabeth  Wineguard  Feb.  7, 
1867,  in  Illinois  ;  she  was  born  in  June, 
1848 ;  they  then  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa,  in  1867,  and  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent farm  ;  have  fuur  children  living — 
Susan  M.,  Ida  M.,  Laura  A.  and  George 
R.  ;  lost  two  children — James  W.  and 
an  infant.     Republican. 

aicNEEL,  J.  S.,  retired  tarmer ; 
P.    0.   Gilman ;  owns  a   farm    of  240 


620 


DIRECTOM   OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY : 


acres  of  land,  two  miles  east  of  Gilman, 
in  Tama  Co.,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  Aug.  31,  1837,  in  Blair 
Co.,  Penn. ;  emigrated  with  his  parents 
to  Lee  Co.,  111.,  in  1848,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1869,  when  he  came  to 
Iowa,  and  purchased  the  farm  he  still 
owns ;  rented  his  farm  and  moved  into 
Gihnan  in  the  Spring  of  1875.  Mar- 
ried Mary  Ramsey  Nov.  28,  1859,  in 
Illinois;  she  was  born  May  24,  1838, 
in  Blair  Co.,  Penn.  ;  have  three  chil- 
dren— Alice,  Willie  and  Belle.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Congregational  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

MAIXETT,  I.  «.,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Gilman  ;  owns  a  farm  of  eighty  acres, 
one  mile  cast  of  Gilman,  but  lives  in 
in  Gilman  ;  he  was  born  April  8,.  1839, 
in  Chemung  Co..  N.  Y.,  and  emigrated 
with  his  parents  to  Linn  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
the  Fall  of  1849,  and  the  following 
Spring,  to  Rock  Island  Co.,  111.  He 
enlisted  in  Aug.,  1862,  in  Company  B, 
of  the  126th  111.  V.  I.  ;  was  mustered 
out  at  Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas,  in  1865  ; 
he  was  in  the  battle  at  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  besides  several  other  minor 
battles.  Came  to  Marshall  Co.  in  the 
Fall  of  1866,  and  purchased  his  present 
farm.  Married  Annie  Winn  June  27, 
1866,  in  Illinois;  she  was  born  July  9, 
1848,  in  Indiana.  Member  of  Congre- 
gational Church ;  Republican. 

Medhus,  G.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Medhus,  Ole,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gilman 

Minnehan,  M.,  far.,  g.  18  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Mooney,  T.,  for.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Morehead,  A.  W.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Gil- 
man. 

MlINDHEl^fK,  H.  W.,  dealer  in 
agricultural  implements,  Moline  wagons; 
Gilman;  born  Feb.  10,  1843,  in 
Montgomery  Co.,  Ohio.  Enlisted  in 
the  service  of  his  country  Aug.  1, 
1862,  in  Co.  B,  of  the  93d  Ohio  V.  I.; 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Stone 
River,  Mission  Ridge  and  Buzzards' 
Roost  in  Georgia  ;  in  the  latter  place  he 
lost  his  left  leg,  for  which  disalnlity  he 
was  discharged  Yi'h.  28,  1865.  After 
the  war,  he  engaged  in  the  cabinet  busi- 
ness iintil  he  came  to  this  township  in 
1870  ;  he  then  settled  on  a  farm,  where 
he  remained  until  1873  ;  he  came  to 
Gilman    and    commenced    his    present 


business.  He  was  elected  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  1872,  which  office  he  still  fills. 
Married  Louisa  Frazee  Feb.  19,  1867, 
in  Ohio ;  she  was  born  in  November, 
1845  ;  have  three  children  living — Ce- 
cellia  A..  Lulu  L.,  and  Glendora  ;  lost 
one,  William  A.     Republican. 

O 'CON NELL,  PAT.,  farmer,  Sec.  29  ; 
P.  0.  Gilman. 
Oleson,  I.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Gilman. 
Oleson,  J.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 
Oleson,  T.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 
O'Neal,  D.  W.,  butcher,  Gilman. 

PATTERSON.  A.   W.,  dealer  in  agri- 
cultural implements,  Gilman. 

PARISH,  SPEXCER,  farmer,  S. 
25  ;  P.  0.  Gilman;  owns  160  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  he  was 
born  March  3,  1826,  in  Hampshire  Co., 
Mass.  ;  he  emigrated  to  Portage  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1848,  and  in  the  Spring  of 
1867,  went  to  Warren,  Trumbull  Co., 
where  he  followed  foundry  facing  and 
roofing,  and  subsequently  went  to  New 
Lisbon,  Columbiana  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  hydraulic  cement ; 
came  from  there  to  this  county  in  the 
Spring  of  1877,  and  settled  where 
he  now  lives.  He  was  married  to 
Deborah  Parker,  March  4,  1851,  in 
Ohio  ;  she  was  born  in  1 833,  in  New 
York;  she  died  in  Aug.,  1868  ;  he  was 
again  married  to  Ellen  F.  Frissell  June 
7.  1870 ;  she  was  born  July  7,  1843.  in 
Massachusetts ;  has  three  children  by 
first  wife — Addie  B.,  Abbie  J.  and 
Charles  P.,  and  one  by  his  second  wife 
— Robert  S.;  lost  one — Emily.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Congregational  Church  ;  Re- 
publican. 

Patterson,  J.,  ret.  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Patterson,  W.  J.,  dealer  in  agricultural  im- 
plements, Gilman. 

Paulson,  L.,  far.;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Pence,  A.  J.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Pence,  G.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Pierson,  E.,far.,  S.  10;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

PINKERTON,  C.  W.,  undertaker 
and  dealer  in  furniture,  Gilman  ;  he  was 
born  Sept.  12,  1848,  in  Merrimack  Co., 
N.  H. ;  went  with  parents  to  Fond  du 
Lac  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1856,  where  he  re- 
mained till  1872;  he  then  came  to  this 
township  and  purchased  120  acres  of 
land  which  he  still  owns ;  he  followed 
farming  till  the  Fall  of  1874,  then  came 


GREEN  CASTLE  TOVViNSIIIP. 


621 


into  Gilman  and  commenced  his  present 
business.  He  was  married  to  Emma 
Riley  Dec.  22,  1869,  in  Wisconsin;  she 
was  born  in  May,  1848,  in  the  same 
State ;  have  three  children — Alice,  Jay 
and  Lynn.     Republican. 

POTTER,  E.  E.,  homoeopathic  phy- 
sician and  surgeon  ;  owns  fifty-five  acres 
of  land  adjoining  the  corporation  of  Gil- 
man,  valued  at  $80  per  acre,  upon 
which  he  lives;  he  was  born  April  27, 
1823,  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  emigrated 
with  parents  to  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1839,  and  in  1850,  he  moved  to  Knox 
Co.,  111.,  and  to  Henry  Co.  in  1855,  and 
from  there  to  Marengo,  Iowa,  in  1865, 
and  in  the  Spring  of  1866,  came  to  Gil- 
man,  where  he  now  lives.  He  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  Horace  Eaton  in  Ashtabula  Co., 
Ohio,  and  continued  for  three  years,  and 
subsequently  attended  lectui-es  at  the 
Kingsville  Medical  Institute;  he  subse- 
quently studied  the  hom(3eopathic  system 
of  medicine,  and  introduced  it  in  his 
practice,  which  system  he  deems  the 
best.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Thankful 
Rickard,  of  Ashtabula  Co.,  Dec.  31, 
1843  ;  she  was  born  Nov.  16,  1822,  in 
the  same  county ;  have  five  children 
living — Orange  A.,  Albert  C,  Caroline 
C.,  Laurens  E.  and  Horace  E.  His 
oldest  son.  Orange  E.,  enlisted  Feb.  14, 
1864.  in  Co.  D  of  the  83d  Regt.  I.  V. 
I.,  and  was  transferred  to  the  61st  Regt., 
and  was  mustered  out  Sept.  25,  1865 ; 
returned  home  and  was  married  to 
Sarah  E.  IngersoU  Dec.  14,  1868.  Mr, 
Potter  is  Independent  in  politics. 

Powers,  W.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek. 

"DEAD,  J.,  far.,  S.  33 ;    P.  0.  Gilman. 

Renner,  V.  W.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Reierson,  R.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Ricketts,  J.  B.,  ret.  far. ;  P.  O.  Gilman. 

Ricketts,  S.  S.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

RICkCit,  W.  B.,  proprietor  of  steam 
flouring-uiill,  Gilman ;  born  April  25, 
1846,  in  Scott  Co.,  Iowa;  came  from 
there  to  this  county  in  the  Spring  of 
1873,  and  purchased  the  mill  he  now  owns, 
it  then  being  located  on  Timber  Creek, 
in  Le  Grand  Tp. ;  in  1875,  he  removed  it 
to  its  present  location  in  Gilman.  He 
was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Austin,  of 
this   county,  Sept.   5,   1877 ;    she  was 


born  in  February,  1853,  in  Clinton  Co., 
Ohio.     Republican. 

Roark,  A.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Roff,  J.,  &  Brother,  fars.,  S.  14;  P.  (). 
Gilman. 

Rockhiil,  E.  E.,far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  O.  Gilman. 

O  AWYER,  OLE  T.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0. 

lO     Gilman. 

Scurr,  J.  B.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

SCURR,  J.  H.,  farmer.  Sec.  26  ;  P. 
O.  Gilman  ;  owns  a  farm  of  thirty-six 
acres  about  three  miles  west  of  Gilman, 
and  114  acres  where  he  lives,  adjoining 
the  town  plat ;  born  in  Belmont  Co., 
Ohio,  July  4,  1835  ;  parents  moved  to 
Guernsey  Co.  in  1837,  and  emigrated 
from  there  to  Bureau  Co.,  111.,  in  1854, 
and  from  there  he  came  to  this  county 
in  Feb.,  1868.  Married  Susan  Stevens 
Oct.  18,  1859,  in  Ilhnois  ;  she  was  born 
Oct.  4,  1834,  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
have  two  children — Ida  F.,  born  July 
27,  1860,  and  Joseph  H.,  March  7, 
1875.     Republican. 

Seager,  C.  H.,  banker,  Gilman. 

SEAGER,  L.  Cjt.,  banking  and  ex- 
change business,  Gilman  ;  he  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1846,  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.; 
he  attended  school  at  the  Pompey  Acad- 
emy, near  Syracuse,  fi'om  the  time  he 
was  9  years  old  till  he  was  18  years  old  ; 
then  came  with  parents  to  Marshalltown, 
of  this  county,  which  was  the  Spring 
of  1864;  soon  after  arriving  there,  he 
engaged  as  clerk  in  the  County  Record- 
er's ofiice,  and  subsecjuently  in  the  Treas- 
urer's and  Clerk's  offices  till  1867  ;  he 
then  engaged  as  clerk  in  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  at  Marshalltown,  where  he 
remained  till  the  S])ring  of  1872  ;  he 
then  came  to  Gilman  and  bought  out 
H.  C.  Rice  in  the  dry  goods  and  general 
merchandise  business,  which  he  contin- 
ued till  the  Fall  of  1877,  when  he,  in 
company  with  his  brother,  C.  H. Seager, 
purchased  the  banking  business  of  Hen- 
riquis  &,  Rice,  which  they  still  continue. 
Mr.  Seager  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  A. 
Butler  Jan.  22,  1867  ;  she  was  born  in 
1846  in  New  York,  and  died  Sept.  4, 
1871.  He  was  again  married  to  Miss 
E.  L.  Sparks  Aug.  5,  1872;  .she  was 
born  Jan.  3,  1851,  in  Ma.ssachu.setts ; 
have  two  children  by  second  wife — 
George  L.  and  Mary  G.  Member  of 
the  Episcopal  Church. 


622 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Seager,  J.  H.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Seavers,  J.,  restaurant  and  saloon,  Gil- 
man. 

SEBRING,  JOHX,  farmer,  Sec. 
27  ;  P.  O.  Gilmau  ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $40  jter  acre  ;  he  was 
born  April  1-i,  1835,  in  Allen  Co.,  Tnd., 
where  he  remained  till  1865  ;  he  then 
moved  to  Dallas  Co.,  Iowa,  and  remained 
in  that  county  till  the  Fall  of  1874, 
when  he  purchased  his  present  farm  in 
Marshall  Co.  He  was  married  to  Re- 
becca Rockhill  March  28,  1861,  in  In- 
diana; she  was  born  Oct.  27,  1840,  in 
the  same  State  ;  have  two  children  liv- 
ing— Ida  L.  and  Hattie  F.;  lost  two — 
Melissa  A.  and  an  infant.     Democrat. 

Sharp,  J.  A.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

SHAW,  CYRIJS  H.,  druggist  and 
Express  Company  Superintendent,  Gil- 
man  ;  he  was  born  Nov.  15,  1833,  in 
Standish,Me.;  he  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation ;  attended  theStandish  Academy, 
also  several  others,  and  lastly  Yarmouth 
Academy,  preparatory  to  entering  Bow- 
doin  College  at  Brunswick,  which  he  en- 
tered in  1857  and  spent  one  year  ;  then 
followed  teaching  till  1861,  when  he 
came  to  Jasper  Co.,  Iowa,  and  stopped 
at  Newton  and  taught  there  one  year; 
then  came  to  Marshalltown,  this  county  ; 
taught  school  there  a  couple  of  terms  ; 
then  was  deputy  in  County  Treasurer's 
office,  and  was  appointed  County  Super- 
intendent in  1863,  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In 
the  the  Spring  of  1864,  raised  a  com- 
pany of  volunteers  fur  the  United  States 
.service,  which  were  known  as  Co.  G, 
44th  Iowa  V.  I.;  he  was  mustered  out 
in  Oct.,  1864,  and  returned  to  Marshall- 
town.  He  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
County  Superintendent  in  the  Fall  of 
1863,  and  re-elected  in  the  Fall  of 
1865,  and  was  again  elected  in  1869  and 
1871.  He  came  to  Gilman  in  the 
Spring  of  1874,  and  engaged  in  the 
drug  business  with  Dr.  W.  J.  Ward,  to 
whom  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  Fall  of 
1877.  Married  Marcia  Griffin,  of  Port- 
land, Me.,  Jan.  1,  1861,  and  she  died 
July  27,  1864,  while  at  her  father's  in 
Maine,  on  a  visit ;  had  two  children  by 
first  wife — Starr  C.  and  Carr  L  ;  the 
first  died  at  the  age  of  1 1  months,  and 
the  other  is  with  his  grandfather.  He 
was  again  married  to  Susan  Deeter  Dec. 


23,1877  ;  she  was  born  March  19, 1844, 
in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio.     Republican. 

Simcox,  J.  D.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

ISKINNER,  H.  J.,  butcher,  Gilman  ; 
born  May  9,  1850,  in  Cook  Co.,  111.  ; 
parents  moved  to  Kendall  Co.  in  1854, 
where  he  remained  till  Feb.  29,  1864, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Co.  I,  of  the  2d 
regiment  of  Illinois  Artillery,  being  a 
little  less  than  14  years  old  ;  was  in  the 
service  till  January,  1865  ;  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Tunnel  Hill,  Tenn., 
Buzzard  Roost,  Ga.,  Atlanta,  etc.  ;  was 
with  Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea. 
At  the  close  of  the  war,  returned  home 
and  went  into  Minnesota,  Minneapolis, 
Sauk  Center  and  several  other  places ; 
was  there  about  two  years,  then  returned 
to  Kendall  Co.  and  followed  farming  and 
butchering  for  three  years  ;  then  moved 
to  Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he  followed 
butchering  and  buying  stock  till  he 
came  to  Gilman,  in  1875,  and  com- 
menced his  present  business.  He  was 
elected  Captain  of  the  military  company 
recently  formed  in  Gilman.  He. was 
married  to  Rosa  Bennett  Oct.  11,  1869, 
in  Illinois  ;  she  was  born  in  1853,  and 
died  May  28,  1872  ;  was  again  married, 
to  Emily  D.  Collar,  Dec.  20,  1874,  in 
Clayton  Co.,  Iowa ;  she  was  born  in  the 
same  county  April  15,  1858;  have  one 
son — John  H. — by  first  wife,  and  two 
sons  by  second  wife — William  N.  and 
Fred  W.  Member  of  A.,  F.  &  A.  M. 
Republican. 

Smith,  R.  S.,  dealer  in  millinery  and  fancy 
goods,  Gilman. 

Sparks,  L.  B.,  far.,S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Speas,  N.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Strand,  G.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Sutherland,  H.,  hardware  dealer,  Gilman. 

Sutton,  R.,  dry  goods  merchant,  Gilman. 

TALBOTT,  MARCUS,  far.,  S.  31 ;  P. 
0.  Gilman. 

Thompson,  H.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Thompson,  J.,  far.,  S.  12  :  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Thomp.soii,  N.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

TJOSSEM,  O.  P.,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Gilman  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $35  per  acre ;  born  March  3, 
1844,  near  Stavanger,  Norway;  emi- 
grated from  there  to  Le  Grand,  Mar- 
shall Co..  Iowa,  in  June,  1864,  and  came 
from  there  into  this  township  in  July, 
1869.     Married  Julia  Norland,  of  Ben. 


GREEN  CASTLE  TOWNSHIP. 


623 


ton  Co.,  Iowa,  June  8,  1869 ;  she  was 
born  April  4:,  1851,  in  Norway;  have 
five  children — Anton,  John,  Simon, 
Pauline  and  Matilda.  Independent  in 
politics. 

Tjossem,  Thomas,  farmer ;    P.  O.  Gilman. 

Turner,  H.  S.,  liveryman,  Gilman. 

Turner,  J.  K.,  far.,S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

YAN  ALLEN,  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec. 
18;  P.  0.  Gilman. 
Van  Ocker,  M.,  Gilman. 

WHITEHEAD,  C,  farmer,  S.  —  ; 
P.  0.  Gilman. 

WAGGOXER,  C.  W.,  dealer  in 
flour,  grain  and  coal,  Gilman  ;  he  was 
born  Sept.  11,  1832,  in  Union  Co., 
Peon.;  he  came  with  parents  to  Ogle 
Co.,  111.,  in  the  spring  of  1848,  and 
from  there  to  Jo  Daviess  Co.,  in  1853, 
and  in  1856,  to  Dakota  Co.,  Minn., 
where  he  remained  till  1857  ;  then  re- 
turned to  Jo  Daviess  Co. ;  in  thi'  Fall 
of  1860,  he  moved  to  Independence, 
Buchanan  Co.,  Iowa,  and  on  the  12th 
of  July,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  5th 
I.  .V.  I. ;  was  appointed  Regimental 
Quatermaster  of  the  regiment  in  1862, 
which  position  he  held  until  he  was 
mustered  out  in  Sept.. 1864.  After  return- 
from  the  army,  he  married  Fannie 
Gilman,  of  Dubuque,  Oct.  25,  1864 ; 
she  was  born  in  Maine  in  1833  ;  came 
to  Monticello,  Jones  Co.,  the  same 
Fall,  and  his  wife  died  there  the  25th 
of  August  following,  1865 ;  he  re- 
mained there  till  July,  1871,  then  came 
to  Marshalltown  of  this  county,  and 
the  following  year  commenced  his 
present  business  in  Gilman.  He  was 
married  the  second  time  to  Maria 
Hughes,  of  Watertown,  Wis.,  Oct.  19, 
1871;  she  was  born  Sept.  12,1848; 
has  two  children  by  second  wife — Bessie 
and  Lucille ;  lost  one — Fannie.  Re- 
publican. 

WARD,  W.  J.,  Dr.,  physician  and 
surgeon  and  dealer  in  drugs  and  medi- 
cines, Gilman  ;  born  Dec.  5,  1845,  in 
Canada  West ;  came  from  there  to  this 
county  in  the  Spring  of  1865,  and  set- 
tled on  a  farm  in  this  township,  where 
he  remained  three  years  ;  he  then  com- 
menced the  study  <jf  medicine  with  Dr. 
J.  Resley,  of  Le  Grand,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years  ;  he  then  went  to  the 
Homeopathic    Medical    College    at    St. 


Louis,  where  he  graduated  Feb.  27, 
1876  ;  commenced  the  drug  business  in 
this  town  with  Capt.  C.  H.  Shaw,  and 
in  the  Fall  of  1877,  purchased  his 
interest  in  the  store.  He  married 
Nellie  Vosburg,  of  Tama  Co.,  Jan.  8, 
1878  ;  she  was  born  in  March,  1857, 
in  Massachusetts.      Republican. 

WAUFLE,  A.  31.,  dealer  in  stock  '. 
Clydesdale  and  N<:)rman  horses  ;i 
specialty  ;  P.  0.  Gilman  ;  he  was  born 
Oct.  2,  1839,  in  Montgomery  Co.,  N. 
Y.;  emigrated  with  parents  to  Rock 
Co.,  Wis.,  in  the  Spring  or  1851,  and 
came  from  there  to  Sheridan  Township. 
Poweshiek  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1868,  and  from 
thereto  Gilman,  in  March,  1878;  he 
owns  twenty  acres  adjoining  the  corpo- 
ration, valued  at^2,50U.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Wisconsin  to  Ellen  Airis  ;  she 
was  born  in  1839  in  New  York  ;  have 
three  children  —  May,  Grace  and 
Jennie.     Republican. 

WEAVERLING,  WILLIAM, 

farmer;  P.  0.  Gilman;  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  Feb.  8.  1834,  in  Bedford 
Co.,  Penn.;  in  the  Fall  of  I860,  he 
came  to  Rock  Island  Co.,  111.,  and  on 
the  23d  of  Sept.,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
Co.  H,  45th  Regt.  111.  V.  I.,  for  three 
years,  and  re  enlisted  as  veteran  in 
same  company  and  regiment  in  1863 ; 
at  close  of  war,  was  mustered  out  July, 
1865.  Returned  to  Illinois  a  short  time, 
then  went  to  Pennsylvania  and  wa.'« 
married  to  Rachel  Veacli  Oct.  12, 
1865  ;  she  was  born  March  2,  1837,  in 
Pennsylvania  ;  the  following  Feb.,  1866, 
came  to  this  county,  and  purchased  the 
farm  he  still  owns  ;  have  five  children — 
Anna,  Jessie,  William,  George  and 
Myrtle.  Members  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  ;   Republican. 

Whittle,  R..  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

Williams,  B.,  ret.  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Gil- 
man. 

Winge,  M.   K.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

WILLIAMS,  T.  J.,  farmer.  Sec. 
28  ;  P.  O.  Gilman  ;  owns  120  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $4(»  per  acre  ;  he  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1841,  in  Westmoreland 
Co.,  Penn.  ;  emigrated  with  his  parents 
to  Scott  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1850,  where  they 
remained  until  1858;  then  moved  to 
Whiteside  Co.,  111.  ;  while  there,  he  en- 
5 


624 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


listed  in  a  company  of  Indiana  Rangers 
under  Captain  Graham  July  21,  1861, 
and  the  August  following,  were  attached 
to  the  13th  Mo.  V.  I.,  and  at  the  battle 
of  Lexington,  Mo.,  were  taken  prison- 
ers and  paroled  ;  he  again  enlisted  Jan. 
21,  1862,  in  McClellan's  Dragoons,  and 
subsequently  transferred  to  the  12th 
111.  Cav.,  Company  I ;  he  was  promoted 
to  First  Sergeant  in  1863,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  as  such  Jan.  1, 1865.  He  then 
returned  home,  and  came  to  this  county 
in  the  Spring  of  1865,  and  settled  on 
his  present  farm  in  the  Spring  of  1865. 
Married  Esther  Johnson  Nov.  8,  1868; 
she  was  born  Sept.  18,  1850,  in  Wis- 
consin ;  have  one  child  living — Frank 
L.,  born  March  10,  1874  ;  lost  two — 
Willie  and  Lyle.     Republican. 

Wolcott,  E.  R.,  merchant,  Gilman. 

WOOD,  J  AHEIS  R.,  railroad  ticket 
and  express  agent,  Gilman ;  he  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1844,  in  Amherst,  Mass.; 
the  following  year,  1845,  his  father, 
Samuel  Wood,  moved  to  Northampton, 
the  same  State,  and  died  in  November 
of  the  same  year ;  the  following  year, 
his  mother  moved  to  Pittstield,  the  same 
State,  and  soon  after  married  Chauncey 
Clark,  a  dry  goods  merchant,  who 
moved  to  New  York  City  in  1851.  and 
his  mother  died  there  in  Nov.,  1854; 
soon  after  his  mother's  death,  he  went 
to  Saybrook,  Conn.,  and  attended  school 
until  he  came  Polo,  111.,  in  1858,  and 
in  March,  1859,  went  to  Earlville,  Del- 
aware Co.,  Iowa,  which  he  made  his 
home  most  of  the  time  for  about  four 
years ;  then  went  to  Waterloo,  Iowa, 
which  he  also  made  his  home  for  four 
or  five  years,  one  Winter  of  the  term 
spent  in  Sioux  City ;  commenced  in 
the  employ  of  the  Central  Iowa  R.  R. 
Co.,  at  Eldora,  in  1869,  and  subse- 
quently, at  Steamboat  Rock  until  Jan., 
1871  ;  he  came  to  Gilman  as  the  first 
agent  at  this  station,  which  he  has  held 


up  to  this  date.  He  was  married  to 
Hattie  Riley  Feb.  16,  1875  ;  she  was 
born  in  March,  1855,  in  Wisconsin; 
have  one  child — Eva  M.  Member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church  ;   Republican. 

YOUNGS,  FRAl^K  T.,  Post 
master,  Gilman  ;  he  wa.sborn  Feb.  9, 
1846,  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio;  emigrated 
with  his  parents  to  this  county  in  1855, 
and  settled  in  Le  Grand  Tp.,  where  his 
father  died  in  1864.  At  his  country's 
call,  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  of  the 
2d  Iowa  Cav.,  July  6,  1863,  and  was 
mustered  out  at  Selma,  Ala.,  in  Oct., 
1865  ;  he  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Nashville,  Selma,  CofFeeville  and  Jack- 
son, Miss.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  he 
returned  to  this  county.  Was  married 
to  S.  A.  Conway,  of  Le  Grand,  Jan.  12, 
1868  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1848  ; 
have  two  children — Claude  C.  and  Carl 
H.  In  the  Spring  of  1870,  moved  to 
Madison  Co.,  where  he  remained  until 
the  Fall  of  1871 ;  then  came  to  Gilman. 
Was  appointed  Postma.ster  Feb.  9,  1876  ; 
Republican. 
YOUNG,  MILTON,  dealer  in  hard- 
ware and  agricultural  implements,  Gil- 
man ;  he  was  born  Nov.  7,  1830,  in  On- 
ondaga Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  at  the  age  of  19, 
commenced  learning  the  tinner's  trade, 
and  subsequently,  worked  in  R.  R.  ma- 
chine shops,  at  Dunkirk,  for  two  years  ; 
came  fi-om  there  to  Marshalltown  in  the 
Spring  of  1865  ;  remained  about  two 
years  and  a  half,  then  went  to  Kansas, 
and  remained  about  a  year ;  then  re- 
turned to  this  county  and  followed  farm- 
ing until  the  Fall  of  1876  ;  he  then 
came  to  Gilman,  and  commenced  his 
present  business.  He  was  married  to 
Martha  E.  Crowder  May  18,  1856,  in 
this  county;  she  was  born  in  Sept., 
1837,  in  Illinois;  have  six  children — 
Elmer,  Frank,  Myron  E.,  Monroe,  Lula 
and  George  ;  lost  two  children — Belle 
and  Andrew  T.     Republican  in  politics. 


VIENNA   TOWNSHIP. 


625 


VIENNA    TOWNSHIP. 


BALLENTINE,  JOHN,  far.,  8.  25  , 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Bare,  J.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  O.  Vienna. 

Barger.  J.,  far.,  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Vienna. 

Beitehley,  C,  far.,  S.  36;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

Benson,  C.  A.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  O.  Badger 
Hill. 

BII^BEE,  ALBKRT,  farmer.  Sec. 
27 ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown ;  owns  240 
acres  ot  land,  valued  at  $6,000 ;  born  in 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  Oct.  26,  1829  ;  when 
8  years  old,  he  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Orleans  Co.,  and  remained  until 
1862,  when  he  moved  to  this  county, 
and  settled  in  Marion  Tp.,  but  the  next 
year  moved  to  this  township,  and  settled 
where  he  now  lives.  Married  Harriet 
Goodwin  in  Derby,  Orleans  Co.,  March 
11,  1852;  she  was  born  in  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt.,  March  1,  1834;  their  children 
are  Willis  A.  born  March  11,  1854; 
Albert  A.,  born  March  13,  1857  ; 
Homer  R.,  born  April  14,  1860  ;  King 
L.,  born  Jan.  3,  1864  ;  Katie  D.,  born 
Oct.  9,  1865  ;  Warren  G.,  born  Dec.  2, 
1873.     He  is  a  Republican  and    Uni- 

VPTS  Jllisf 

Blow,  J.  P.,  far.,  S.   11  ;  P.  0.  Vienna. 

BOVEE,  W.  W.,  farmer,  Sec.  35 ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  18,  1827  ;  when,the  gold 
excitement  in  California  was  at  fever 
heat  in  1851,  he  went  to  the  Pacific 
Slope  in  search  of  the  dust,  but  not  be- 
ing satisfied  in  California,  in  1853,  he 
went  to  Australia,  where,  in  1  857,  he 
was  married  to  Johanna  Hussey,  who  is 
a  native  of  Ireland  ;  they  remained  in 
Australia  until  1865,  and  there  their 
three  oldest  living  children  were  born — 
William  F.,  Henry  M.,  and  Elizabeth 
M  ;  they  then  returned  to  the  States, 
and  settled  in  this  county,  where  their 
youngest  child,  Ernest  A.  was  born ; 
their  son  Charles  E.,  born  in  Australia, 
aged  16  years,  was  killed  in  the  Spring 
of  1877,  by  being  thrown  from  a  horse. 
Mr.  B.  is  a  Republican  and  Congrega- 
tionalist. 

Bowles,  J.,  far.,S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

BREITHArPT,  C.  F.,  retired, 
Sec.  12  ;  P.  O.  Badger  Hill,  Tama  Co., 


Iowa  ;  Itorn  in  Germany,  March  31, 
1819;  came  to  America  in  184(t,  set- 
tling in  Maryland,  where  he  stayed  ten 
years,  and  came  to  Iowa,  first  settling 
in  Muscatine ;  from  there  he  went  to 
Cedar  Co.,  thence  to  Linn  Co.,  and  to 
this  county  in  1865  ;  at  that  time,  owing 
to  the  excessive  demand  for  building 
material,  caused  by  the  heavy  tide  of 
emigration,  Mr.  B.  could  not  obtain 
lumber  and  nails  at  Marshalltown,  with 
which  to  build  his  house,  and  was  com- 
pelled to  bring  the  same  from  Lisbon, 
Linn  Co.;  Mr.  B.  has  hauled  flour  from 
Lisbon,  over  these  prairies,  to  Western 
settlements,  when  there  was  not  a  house 
for  thirty  miles  ;  now  not  a  section  is  va- 
cant. Married  in  Frederick  City,  Md., 
to  Wilhelmina  Sauermann ;  she  was  a 
native  of  Germany,  and  died  Feb.  3, 
1877  ;  has  four  children — Charles,  Ann 
Louisa,  Henry  and  William. 

Brock,  J.  K.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  O.  Green 
Mountain. 

Brown,  H.  R.,  far.,  S.  32;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Buchanan,  J.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  (ireen 
Mountain. 

CAHILL,  THOMAS,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P. 
O.  Marshalltown. 

CASE,  F.  O.,  farmer.  Sec.  9 ;  P.  0. 
Vienna ;  owns  eighty  acres,  valued  at 
$2,000;  bjrn  in  Wyandot  Co.,  Ohio, 
July  2,  1847.  Enlisted  in  the  63d  Ohio 
V.  I.,  Co.  K,  in  April,  1865  ;  was  hon- 
orably discharged  in  June  of  the  same 
year.  Married  Lydia  Foucht  Jan.  8, 
1872  ;  she  was  born  in  Perry  Co.,  Ohio, 
June  13,  1849  ;  they  have  two  children 
— Pliny  W.,  born  in  Wyandot  Co.  April 
15,  1874,  and  an  infant,  not  named, 
born  in  this  county  March  24,  1878. 
Mr.  C.  bought  this  farm  in  1872,  but 
did  not  move  to  it  till  the  Spring  of 
1877.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church,  and  Mrs.  Case  of  the  Reformed 
Church. 

COBER,  JONATHAN,  farmer 
Sec.  35  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  owns 
320  acres,  valued  at  $1(1,000  ;  born  in 
Somerset  Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  18,  1824. 
Married  Miss  Sally  Fritz  April  20, 
1845 ;  she  was  born  in  the  same  county 


626 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY : 


Feb.  3,  1829,  and  died  Nov.  10,  1857  ; 
their  children  are  Aaron,  Tracy,  Hester 
A.  and  Francis ;  married  again.  Miss 
Phebe  Coleman,  July  18,  1858;  she 
was  also  born  in  the  same  county,  July 
LP,  1827  ;  their  children  are  Sarah, 
Henry,  Joseph  and  Peter.  Moved  to 
this  county  in  March,  1870,  having  pur- 
chased his  farm  the  year  previous  ;  he 
at  once  moved  to  this  township,  the  first 
year  living  just  across  the  road  from 
where  he  now  resides,  but  soon  moved 
to  his  present  residence.  Is  a  Repub- 
lican and  member  of  the  German  Baptist 
Church. 

Coftman,  A.,  far.,  S.  23;  P.O.  Marshalltown. 

Conger,  W.  P.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Crambie,  A.  H.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Vienna. 

CRAMER,    C^ARARDUS    J., 

farmer.  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ; 
owns,  with  his  father,  160  acres,  valued 
at  $5,000  ;  born  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  7,  1854  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1877,  settling  where  he  now  lives. 
Married  Matilda  Barker,  of  Saratoga  Co., 
Jan.  2,  1878.  Principal  product  of  his 
farm  is  corn,  wheat  and  oats. 

Crater,  G.  W.,  for.,  S.  29;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

DOWLER,  EDWARD,  far.,  S.   15; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

DWINEL.L,  MARTIN,  farmer, 
Sec.  21 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  owns  200 
acres,  valued  at  $7,000  ;  burn  in  Rut- 
land Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  24,  1835  ;  when  4 
years  of  age,  came  with  his  parents  to 
St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  remained 
till  1850,  when  he  came- to  Carroll  Co., 
111.  ;  lived  there  till  1805,  when  he  came 
to  this  county  and  settled  where  he  now 
lives.  Married,  in  Carroll  Co.,  111., 
Adeline  Simmons,  Aug.  4,  1856;  she 
was  born  in  Canada  March  22,  1836  ; 
came  to  America  with  pai'ents  when 
about  4  years  old,  and  to  Carroll  Co. 
about  1855  ;  their  children  are  J.  Luella, 
born  April  18,  1858;  Ida  L.,  Oct.  12, 
1860;  J.  Leonard,  Feb.  8,  1867,  and 
Mary  W.,  Sept.  30,  1869.  Is  in  politics 
a  Republican. 

ECKELS,  ROBERT,  far.,  S.   19;  P. 
O.  Marshalltown. 
Elder,  (>.,  far.,  S.  8;   P.  0.  Marshalltown. 
ERTEIi,  JACOB,  ftirmer,  Sec.  10  ; 
P.  0.  Vienna;  owns  139  acres,  valued 


at  S4,500  ;  born  in  Warren  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  7,  1829  ;  movt!d  to  Vermilion 
Co.,  111.,  in  1862,  and  remained  till 
1864,  when  he  moved  to  this  county, 
settling  where  he  now  lives.  Married 
Dorcas  Dittle  in  Ohio  March  17,  1853; 
she  was  also  born  in  Warren  Co.  May 
26,  1833 ;  their  children  are  Addie 
(deceased),  Franklin  (deceased),  Ella, 
Wesley,  Joseph,  John,  William  (de- 
ceased), Alice  and  Ivan.  Is  in  politics 
a  Republican. 
EVANS,  M.  V.  B.,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  owns  160  acres, 
valued  at  $5,000;  born  in  Brown  Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.  24,  183S;  moved  to  Knox 
Co.,  111..   1853,  where  he  remained  till 

1862,  and  came  to  this  county,  settling 
in    Marietta    Tp.       Enlisted    Aug.    11, 

1863,  in  the  8th  Iowa  Cav.,  Co.  I ;  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Newnan,  Ga.,  July  30, 
1864;  was  exchanged  in  March,  1865, 
and  honarably  discharged  May  29  of  the 
same  year ;  he  at  once  returned  and  set- 
tled in  Vitnna  Tp.,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Married  Mary  A.  Cleaver 
Oct.  21,  1868 ;  she  was  born  in  Colum- 
biana Co  ,  Ohio ;  they  have  two  children 
living  and  one  deceased — Maud  L., 
Gracie  I.,  and  Earle  H  (deceased).  Mr. 
E.  now  holds  the  ofiice  of  Township 
Clerk.     Is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

a  LASS,  B.  F.,  far.,  S.  10;  P.  O. 
Vienna. 
GliASS,  JACOB  ( deceased)  ;  born 
Dec.  27,  1809.  Married  Miss  Betsy 
Lenhart  Feb.  16,  1829;  she  was  born 
in  Union  Co.,  Penn.,  July  20,  1811  ; 
they  moved  to  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  in 
1847,  and  in  August,  1855,  came  to 
this  county,  settling  where  Mrs  Glass 
still  resides,  on  Sec.  10.  Mr.  G.  was 
one  of  the  prominent  men  of  this  town- 
ship, but  ended  his  useful  life  Feb.  17, 
1877,  in  his  68th  year;  his  death  was 
caused  by  a  stroke  of  paralysis  ;  he 
being  almost  the  first  settler  in  this 
township,  had  a  great  many  hardships 
and  privations  to  endure,  not  the  least 
among  which  was  the  loss,  the  year  after 
his  arrival,  of  all  but  five  or  six,  of  a 
fine  herd  of  fifty  cattle  brought  from 
Illinois.  Mr.  G.'s  children  are  Catha- 
rine, Sarah  J.,  John  H.,  Benjamin  F., 
Jacob  L.  and  George  B.  The  latter 
was  born  in  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  13, 


VIENNA  TOWNSHIP. 


627 


1852.  He  married  Anabel  Dowler  Oct. 
11,  1877  ;  she  was  born  in  Scott  Co., 
Iowa,  Nov.  18,  1802 ;  he  resides  with 
his  mother.  John  Glass,  who  was  the 
tather  of  Jacob  Glass  (deceased),  died 
Feb.  27,  1811,  aged  27  years  7  mos. 
and  22  days.  His  widow  married  Geo. 
Barger;  she  died  Oct.  22, 1831,  aged -11 
years  9  mos.  and  5  days.  Mr.  Glass' 
only  sister,  Mrs.  Peggy  Hendricks,  died 
in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  in  September, 
1877,  aged  70  years.  The  Glass  estate 
in  Vienna  Tp.  consists  of  400  acres, 
worth  SI 5,000. 

«I.ASS,  JOHN  H.,  farmer,  Sec. 
10;  P.  0.  Vienna;  owns  eighty  acres, 
valued  at  $8,200  ;  born  in  Perry  Co., 
Penn.,  Oct.  18,  1840  ;  came  to  Kendall 
Co.,  111.,  with  parents  in  1847,  and  to 
this  county  in  1855.  Married  Ellen 
Conrad  Sept.  17,  1865  ;  she  was  born  in 
Harrison  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  24,  1846 ; 
their  children  are  Charles  E.,  Leonard 
C,  Dora  M.  and  Nettie  E.  Is  in  poli- 
tics a  Democrat. 

GL.ASS,  J.  L.,  farmer,  Sec.  10  ;  P. 
0.  Vienna;  owns  160  acres  in  Sec.  1, 
and  eighty  acres  in  Sec.  10 ;  born  in 
Perry  Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  22, 1845  ;  came 
to  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  with  parents  in 
1847,  and  to  this  county  in  1855.  Mar- 
ried Margaret  McCall  Feb.  22,  1870  ; 
she  was  born  in  New  York  ;  they  have 
three  children — Ella,  Annie  E.  and 
Lewis  A.     Is  in  politics  a  Democrat. 

Gray,  A.  H.,  far..  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

HAMM,  LEWIS,  far..  Sec.  32  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Havens,  Josephus,  far..  Sec.  7  ;  P.O.Vienna. 

HIE  DEM  AX,  OEOKGE,  farmer. 
Sec.  26  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  owns 
eighty  acres,  valued  at  $2,000;  born  in 
Prussia  Dec.  12,  1852 ;  came  to  Amer- 
ica with  his  parents  in  1855,  they  set- 
tling in  New  York  State,  but  moved  to 
Boone  Co.,  111.,  in  1857,  and  to  this 
county  in  1873,  settling  where  he  now 
lives.  Mamed  Miss  Augusta  Hurtzell 
April  16,  1872  ;  she  is  also  a  native  of 
Prussia;  their  children  are  AVilliam, 
George  and  an  infant  not  named.  In 
politics,  a  Rei»ublifan. 

HIL.L.V  AI.BERT  F.,  far,  S.  26; 
P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  owns  200 
acres,  valued  at  $6,000 ;  born  in  Cale- 


donia Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  18,  1837  ;  came  to 
this  county  in  June,  1861,  settling  in 
Marion  Township,  and  on  his  present 
farm  in  1863,  which  farm  he  purchased 
of  Charles  Gibson  at  S2.75  per  acre,  at 
that  time  a  trackless  prairie,  and  two 
miles  to  the  nearest  neighbor ;  com- 
menced breaking  ground  with  an  ox 
team,  which  he  used  for  a  number  of 
years  ;  his  nearest  shipping  point  at  that 
time  was  Marengo,  fifty  miles  distant  ; 
he  commenced  life  on  this  farm,  living 
in  a  covered  wagon  ;  he  has  now  a  tine 
residence,  stable  and  outbuildings,  cot^t- 
ing  at  least  $3,000.  He  married  Ellen 
M.  Daniels  in  Marshalltown,  April  30, 
1863;  she  was  also  born  in  Caledonia 
Co.  ;  their  children  are  Erwin,  Eugene, 
Ralph  and  Emma.  He  is  a  Republican 
and  Congregationalist. 

HILL,  E.  X.,  farmer.  See.  22 ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown;  owns  160  acres,  valued 
at  $5,000;  born  in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt., 
March  11,  1830  ;  went  to  California  by 
way  of  the  Isthmus,  in  1851  ;  remaineil 
till  1855  ;  engaged  in  mining  most  of 
the  time  ;  then  returned  to  Vermont, 
and,  in  the  Spring  of  1856,  moved  to 
Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  where,  in  1863,  he 
married  Sarah  E.  Saxton,  a  native  of 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  the  Fall  of 
1866,  he  moved  to  this  county,  settling 
in  this  township ;  their  children  are 
Arthur  H.,  Leslie  E.  and  Horace  S. 
Is  a  Republican  and  Congregationalist. 

Hillery,  Jerry,  far.,  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Hilty,  Geo.,  far.,  S.  29;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Hooper,  John,  for.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

TRVINE,  JAMES,  tarmer,  S.  28;    P. 
I       0.  Marshalltown. 

JACKSON,  A.  J.,  farmer,  Sec.  21  ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

James,  J.  T.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

John.son,  Chas.,  far..  S.  21  ;  P.  O.Vienna. 

JOKES,  JOHX,  farmer.  Sec.  34; 
P.  0.  Green  Mountain  ;  owns  100  acres 
valued  at  $3,000 ;  born  in  Rochester, 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  3,  1809.  Mar- 
ried Thirza  Austin  Oct.  14,  1834,  and 
immediately  moved  to  Summit  Co.,  Ohio, 
and  remained  till  1848.  when  he  moved 
to  Janesville,  Rock  Co.,  Wis.;  in  1866, 


628 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


he  moved  to  this  county,  settling  where 
he  now  lives  ;  Mrs.  Jones  was  born  in 
same  town  as  her  husband,  Jan.  21, 
1813;  they  have  three  children  living — 
Ellen  M.  (now  Mrs.  L.  Norris),  Edwin 
R.  (^Clerk  of  the  Court,  resides  in  Mar- 
shalltown ),  and  Lois  A.  (now  Mrs.  B.  A. 
Williams)  ;  their  children  deceased  are 
Joseph  A.,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
22d  Wis.  V.  I.,  Co.  E,  and  died  at 
Nicholasville,  Ky.,  of  typhoid  pneumo- 
nia, Dec.  26,  1862,  aged  18  years ; 
Chas.  A.,  died  Nov.  30,  1862,  in  his 
13th  year,  and  Theresa,  wife  ot  S.  R. 
McLerran,  died  Dec.  7,  1873,  aged  20 
years.  Mr.  Jones  is  a  Republican  and 
Congregationalist. 

KISER,   FRED.,  far.,  S.  24  ;    P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 
Keefer,  J.  F.,  far.,  Sec.  20  ;    P.   0.   Mar- 
shalltown. 
Klein,  G.  J.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Vienna. 

LANDSBERG,  G.  E.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Lane,  A.,  far.,  S.  7 ;   P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

I.AWREXCE,  E.  Y.,  physician 
and  surgeon,  8ec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Badger 
Hill,  Tama  Co.;  owns  eighty  acres,  val- 
ued at  $2,500  ;  born  in  Wayne  Co., 
Ohio,  Aug.  25,  1831  ;  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Wood  Co.,  when  2  years  old; 
remained  twelve  years  and  moved  to 
Steuben  Co.,  Ind.:  remained  six  years  and 
moved  to  Jo  Daviess  Co.,  111.;  remained 
about  four  years  and  moved  to  Fayette 
Co.,  Iowa ;  remained  but  a  short  time 
and  returned  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Ogle 
Co.,  and  there  enlisted  in  the  34th  111. 
V.  I.,  Co.  H,  in  the  Fall  of  1861 ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Pittsburg 
Landing,  Shiloh  and  Stone  River  ;  at 
Shiloh  was  wounded  in  the  thigh,  and  at 
Stone  River  was  severely  wounded  and 
crippled  for  life ;  was  honorably  dis- 
charged for  disability,  on  account  of 
wounds,  in  May,  1863,  and  returned  to 
Ogle  Co.,  III.,  and  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  with  Frazey  &  Lawrence, 
of  Forreston,  111.,  attended  lectures  at 
Chicago  Medical  College  and  graduated 
in  the  Winter  of  1866  and  '67,  and  came 
to  this  County,  Nov.,  1868,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  Married  Alice  Money 
at  Wolf  Grove,  Grundy  Co.,  June  5, 
1870 ;  she  was  born  in  Milton,  Berkshire 
Co.,  England,  Nov.  26,  1848;  came  with 


parents  to  America  in  1850,  they  settling 
near  Cleveland,  Ohio  ;  her  mother  died 
the  next  year ;  her  father  resides  in 
Beaman,  Grundy  Co.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
L.  have  one  daughter — Floy,  born  Jan. 
8,  1872.  They  are  members  of  the 
United  Brethren  Church,  and  Mr.  L.  is 
a  Republican. 

Loverirl,  A.  R.,  far.,  S.  16  ;   P.  0.  Vienna. 

L.OVERIN,  RICHARD,  farmer, 
Sec.  10;  P.O.Vienna;  owns  280  acres, 
valued  at  $8,500  ;  born  in  Sullivan  Co., 
N.  H.,  Nov.  17,  1824;  came  to  Mc- 
Henry  Co.,  111.,  in  March,  1857,  and  to 
this  county  in  June,  1865  ;  settling  on 
Sec.  4,  this  township.  Married  Har- 
riet Newell  July  28.  1843 ;  she  was 
also  born  in  Sullivan  Co.,  N.  H.;  their 
children  are  Edwin  C,  Alvin  R.  and 
Sarah  A.  (twins),  and  Melissa.  Is  a 
Republican,  and  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church. 

McLAIN,  JOHN,  farmer.  Sec.  14  ; 
P.  0.  Vienna. 

McKerrel,  J.,  far.,S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

MACRII.L.,  JOEl.,  former.  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  owns  175 
acres,  valued  at  $6,000  ;  born  in  Ash- 
land Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  7,  1824 ;  moved  to 
Licking  Co.,  Ohio,  with  parents  when 
about  6  years  old ;  in  1839,  moved  to 
Lawrence  Co.,  111.,  where  his  father 
died,  and,  in  1841,  he  returned  to  Ash- 
land Co.,  where,  on  July  3,  1851,  he 
married  Sarah  A.  Richey,  who  is  a 
native  of  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio ;  in 
1853,  he  moved  to  Williams  Co.,  Ohio, 
and,  in  1854,  to  this  county,  settling  in 
Marion  Tp.,  and  moved  to  his  present 
farm  in  the  Spring  of  1856.  His  chil- 
dren are  John  F.,  David  W.,  Louisa  C, 
Angeline,  William  R.  ( deceased ),  Edwin 
L.,  Addie  M.,  Emma  J.,  Mary  A.,  Alva 
A.,  Charles  I),  (deceased),  and  Fannie 
A.  Is  a  Republican  and  member  of  the 
M.  E.  Church. 

Maulesby.  E.  T.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Beaman. 

Maynard,  C.  G.,  far.,  S.  6;  P.  0.  Beaman. 

Maynard,  E.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Beaman. 

Miller,  A.  M.  T.,  tar.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

9IIL.L.ER,  JAMEI^  A.,  farmer, 
Sec.  9 ;  P.  0.  Vienna  ;  born  in  Herki- 
mer Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  31,  1821  ;  came  t<i 
La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  in   1844;  remained 


VIENNA   TOWNSHIP. 


629 


till  18(52,  and  moved  to  this  county  and 
to  this  farm  in  1867  ;  owns  forty  acres, 
worth  $2,UII0.  Married  Mary  Hoxit- in 
Palermo,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  26,  1841  ;  she 
was  born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  Au- 
gust, 1822  ;  they  have  two  children — 
Henry  and  Dora.  Is  a  Republican  and 
Methodist. 

MIIiHOLLAND,  J.  D.,  farmer. 
Sec.  25 ;  P.  0.  Spring  Creek,  Tama 
Co. ;  owns  160  acres,  valued  at  $6,000  ; 
born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ind.,  Dec.  4, 
1819  ;  moved  to  this  county  in  May, 
1856,  settling  where  he  now  lives  ;  he  is 
one  of  the  old  settlers  of  this  township ; 
when  he  settled  here,  Iowa  City  was  the 
nearest  railroad  station ;  seventy-five 
miles  distant,  where  he  now  lives,  was  a 
bleak,  unbroken  prairie  ;  now  railroads 
cross  his  county  in  every  direction  ;  the 
wild  prairie  has  been  transformed  into 
well-tilled  farms,  dotted  with  beautiful 
groves  and  elegant  farm  houses.  He 
married  Henrietta  Randall  in  Butler 
Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  25,  1850 ;  she  was  born 
in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  July  31,  1824; 
they  have  three  children  living  and  one 
deceased — Serena  E.,  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Ind.,  June  22,  1852;  Florella  E., 
born  in  the  same  county  May  16,  1854, 
died  Dec.  4,  1877  ;  Frank  W.,  born  in 
this  county  Dec.  29,  1856 ;  Willie  H., 
also  born  in  this  county  Oct.  2, 1862.  Is 
a  Republican,  and  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church. 

Monlux,  G.  W.,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  O.  Beaman. 

"A.  riCHOLS,  B.  K.,  far.,  S.  33 ;  P.  0. 

_L  1       Green  Mountain. 

Nichols,  F.,  far.,  S.  28;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Nichols,  J.,  far.,  S.  20 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

PIERCE,  S.  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  35  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Pettycrew,  Jas.  E.,  far.,  Sec.  18;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

PIERCE,  D.  W.,  farmer,  See.  35 ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  owns  230  acres, 
valued  at  $10,000;  principal  products, 
corn,  wheat  and  oats  ;  has  on  his  farm 
about  forty  head  of  cattle,  ten  horses, 
and  raises  annually  about  125  hogs 
hogs  ;  when  he  came  to  this  farm  in 
1864,  it  was  a  wild  prairie,  and  not  a 
building  on  it ;  there  is  now  a  fine 
orchard  of  300  apple  trees  of  the  best 
varieties,  a  grove,  principally  of  maple, 


covering  seven  acres,  near  the  house  on 
the  west  side,  and  containing  about 
20,000  trees,  which  Mr.  P.  raised  from 
the  seed  since  coming  here  ;  he  has  a 
good  dwelling  house  and  a  substantial 
barn  24x38,  1(5  feet  posts.  Mr.  P. 
makes  a  specialty  of  poultry  raising, 
having  this  year  upward  of  300 
chickens,  all  Brahmas  and  beautiful 
birds  ;  he  has  the  finest  poultry  yard 
and  house  the  writer  has  seen  in  this 
county  ;  Mr.  P.  was  born  in  Erie  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  8,  1829;  moved  to  Ogle 
Co.,  111.,  in  1854,  and  remained  till 
1864,  when  he  moved  to  his  present 
residence.  Married  Adeline  Stedman  at 
Mt.  Carroll,  111.,  Aug.  13,  1861  ;  she 
was  born  in  Lima,  Washtenaw  Co., 
Mich.,  March  19,  1840;  moved  with 
her  parents  to  Stephenson  Co.,  111., when 
she  was  about  6  weeks  old,  and  to  Savanna, 
Carroll  Co.  when  about  6  years  old,  where 
her  parents  still  reside ;  their  children 
are  Hattie  M.,  Jennie  W.  and  Lester 
P.  He  is  a  Republican,  and,  with  Mrs. 
P.,  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

REED,  NELSON,  farmer,  Sec.  6 ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

RAXDAIiL,  I.  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  19  ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown ;  owns  265  acres, 
valued  at  $7,800;  born  in  Niagara  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  28,  1823;  moved  to  Rock 
Co.,  Wis.,  in  1840,  and  to  this  county 
in  1865,  settling  where  he  now  lives. 
Married  Emily  Bruce  in  Rock  Co., 
Wis.,  in  December,  1847 ;  she  was 
born  in  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.;  their 
children  are  Rozina  A.  (now  Mrs. 
Cleaver),  born  in  Dec,  1848 ;  Addie 
W.,  born  in  March,  1850;  Dora  E. 
(now  Mrs.  Stewart),  born  in  Aug., 
1851  ;  Susan  A.  (now  Mrs.  Eckles), 
born  in  March,  1853  ;  Charles,  born  in 
Oct.  1854;  Minnie,  born  in  Sept.. 
1859,  and  Perry,  born  in  May,  1861. 
He  is  a  Republican  and  a  Congrega- 
tioualist.  Mrs.  R.  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

Reed,  W.  S..  far.,  Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

RICHEV,  SAMUEL,  farmer,  S. 
31;  P.O.  Marshalltown;  owns  114  J 
acres,  valued  at  $4,500  ;  born  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  1,  1824;  moved 
to  Richland  Co.  with  his  parents  in 
April,  1833;  moved  to  Iowa  in  1854, 


630 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


living  the  first  Winter  in  Marion  Tp.  in 
this  county,  and  in  May,  1855,  moved 
to  where  he  now  lives.  Married  Octavia 
Owens  in  April,  1849  ;  she  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania;  died  April  2,  1876, 
aged  51  years;  their  children  are 
David  N.,  Morris  B.,  John  W.  and 
Delia  J.  He  is  a  Republican  and  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  (Miurch. 

RITCHIE,  WILLIAM,  farmer, 
Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  owns 
eighty  acres,  valued  at  $3,000 ;  born 
in  Scotland  Feb.  27,  1816  ;  came  to 
America  in  18-12  ;  settling  in  Delaware 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  till 
1858,  and  then  moved  to  Polo,  Ogle 
Co.,  111.,  and  to  Carroll  Co.,  in  1862, 
where  the  family  lived  three  years,  and  re- 
turned to  New  York,  but  did  not  remain 
long ;  after  moving  back  and  forth 
several  times,  they  finally,  in  the 
Fall  of  1867,  moved  to  this  county, 
settling  in  Vienna  Tp.,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  married  Margaret 
Jamieson  in  Dec,  1836;  she  is  also  a 
native  of  Scotland  ;  their  children  are 
Jennette,  David  (deceased)  ;  Margaret 
A.,  Robert  A.,  William  J.,  Mary  E.; 
their  son  David  was  a  soldier  in  the 
92d  111.  V.  I.,  Co.  C  ;  he  died  at  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  March  12,  1863,  aged 
23  years.  Mr.  R.  is  a  Republican  and 
a  member  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church. 

ROCKHIL.L.,  £.,  farmer,  Sec.  6; 
P.  0.  Beaman,  Grundy  Co.;  born  in 
Stark  Co.,  Ohio.  Dec.  28, 1835  ;  moved 
to  Marshall  Co.,  Ind.,  with  parents  in 
1838,  where  he  remained  until  1855, 
and  moved  to  thi.s  county,  first  settling 
in  Liberty  Tp.;  in  1872,  he  moved  to 
Hardin  Co.,  where  he  stayed  three 
years ;  returned  to  Liberty  Tp.,  and  in 
1876,  moved  to  his  present  farm  of  200 
acres,  which  is  valued  at  $7,000  ;  this 
land  was  entered  by  a  man  named  Fisher, 
who  sold  to  a  man  whose  name  is  not 
known,  and  from  whom  Henry  Butter 
purchased  and  sold  to  Mr.  Rockhill. 
Mr.  R.  married  Margaret  M.  Wilson, 
who  is  a  native  of  Ohio  ;  their  children 
are  Harlow,  Oscar,  Robert  A.  (deceased) 
and  John  D. 

RO|fi$EXBKR<,}FK,  W,S.,  farmer, 
Sec.  13;  P.  O.  Marshalltown;  is  the 
son  of  G.  N.  and   S.  Rosenberger,  and 


was  born  in  Seneca  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  25, 
1 852  ;  came  to  this  county  with  his  par- 
ents in  1855,  they  settling  where  he 
now  lives.  Married  Miss  M.  J.  Rickey, 
in  Marshalltown,  in  Aug.,  1871  ;  she 
was  born  in  Jasper  Co.,  Iowa ;  they 
have  three  children — Lula  B.,  Ralph  B. 
and  Susie  L.     In  politics.  Republican. 

Russie,  Charles,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Russie,  D.,  Sr.,far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  A^ienua. 

Russie,  F.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

SANFORD,  J.  M.,  farmer.  Sec.  35 ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Sellers,  G.,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

2§iHELDON,  JOHX,  farmer.  Sec. 
16;  P.  0.  Vienna;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $3,000 ;  born  in 
Rome,  Oneida,  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  31, 
1818  ;  was  engaged  in  carriage  making 
at  Delta.  N.  Y.,  for  a  number  of  years, 
at  times  employing  as  high  as  fifteen 
men,  but  gave  up  the  business,  and  in 
1854,  moved  to  McHenry  Co.,  111. 
Enlisted  in  Feb.,  1864,  in  the  153d  111. 
V.  I.,  Co.  A  ;  was  honorably  discharged 
Sept.  15, 1864,  and  returned  to  McHenry 
Co.,  where  he  remained  until  1867,  and 
moved  to  this  countj',  first  settling  on 
Sec.  5,  this  township ;  moved  to  his 
present  farm  this  Spring  (1878).  Mar- 
ried Rosanna  H.  Hawley,  of  Rome,  N. 
Y.,  Dec.  31,  1840  ;  she  was  born  June 
27,  1818;  their  children  are  William 
A.,  Samuel  H.  and  Frances  (now  Mrs. 
Loverin).  Mr,  S.  has  held  the  ofiice  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  four  years ;  is 
a  Republican  and  member  of  the  M. 
E.  Church. 

SHELDON,     WILLIAM     A., 

farmer.  Sec.  5 ;  P.  0.  Vienna ;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,500  ; 
born  in  Rome,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,Feb., 
26,  1845  ;  moved  to  McHenry  Co.,  111. 
with  parents  in  1855  ;  from  whence  he 
enlisted  Aug.  7,  1861,  in  Co.  H,  8th 
111.  V.  C;  went  through  the  war  under 
Gens.  Sumner,  Stoneman,  Buford,  Kil- 
patrick,  Sheridan  and  others  ;  his  regi- 
ment has  a  record  of  over  one  hundred 
engagements  ;  was  twice  taken  prisoner, 
first  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  after 
having  his  horse  shot  under  him,  but  es- 
caped in  a  few  hours  and  returned  to 
his  command,  and  again  at  Fredericks- 
burg ;  was  exchanged  at  City  Point,  and 


VIENNA   TOWNSHIP. 


631 


honorably  discharged  at  Benton  Bar- 
racks, Mo.,  in  July,  1865.  Married 
Sarah  Loverin  March  11,  186G ;  she 
was  born  at  Lebanon,  N.  H.,  July  22, 
1849  ;  they  have  three  sons — John  B., 
Harry  L.  and  Frank  C.  Is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Shupp,  C,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

ISIMMONS,  PHILIP,  farmer,  Sec. 
21;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  owns  240 
acres,  valued  at  $7,200  ;  born  in  Cana- 
da July  22,  1839  ;  came  to  Niagara 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  with  his  parents  while  in 
infancy;  remained  till  1854,  and  moved 
to  Kalamazoo  Co.,  Mich.,  where  he  lived 
five  years,  then  moved  to  Carroll  Co., 
111.,,  where  he  remained  till  the  Spring 
of  18(55,  when  he  moved  to  this  county 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  Mar- 
ried Lizzie  R.  Nicholson  Jan.  1,  1868; 
she  was  born  in  Cedar  Co.,  Iowa,  March 
9,  1850 ;  came  with  parents  to  this 
county  in  1852,  they  settling  in 
Marion  Tp.  Mr.  Simmons'  children 
are— William  E.,  born  Oct.  26,  1868  ; 
Lewis  M.,  Jan.  20,  1871  ;  Estella,  May 
16,  1874;  Alma,  March  30,  1876,  and 
Jesse  M.,  June  22,  1877.  Is  in  poli- 
tics a  Republican. 

Simpson,  Thomas,  farmer.  Sec.  17 ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

Somers,  Milo,    former,    Sec.    28  ;     P.   0. 

,  ^Marshalltown. 

Stewart,  A.  M.,  farmer,  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

STEWART,  AL,VA  T.,  farmer, 
Sec.  30;  P.  0.  Marshalltown;  owns 
255  acres,  valued  at  $7,500  ;  born  in 
Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  7,  1843; 
came  with  parents  to  Dixon,  Lee  Co., 
111.,  in  1856,  and  Aug.  19,  1861,  en- 
listed in  the  34th  111.  Vol.  Inf ,  Co.  D  ; 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh, 
Bentonville,  Resaca,  Liberty  Gap  and 
many  others  ;  was  wounded  three  times, 
once  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh  and  twice 
at  Liberty  Gap ;  Wiis  honorably  dis- 
charged in  July,  1865,  and  returned  to 
Dixon,  111.  He  came  to  this  county  in 
1866,  settling  in  Marion  Tp.,  but  the 
next  year  moved  to  where  he  now  lives. 
Married  Dora  Randall,  who  is  a  native 
of  Rock  Co.,  Wis.  ;  they  have  two 
children — William  and  Charles.  Is  in 
politics  a  Republican. 


Stover,  E.,  far.,  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Strain,  James  E.,  farmer.  Sec.  4  ;  P.  (). 
Beaman. 

YOORHEES,      GEORGE,     farmer, 
Sec.  15  ;    P.  O.   Vienna, 
WALLACE,  F.,  farmer,  Sec.  11  ;    P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

WALTER,  <,}EOROE,  farmer,  S. 
3  ;  P.O.  Beaman,  Grundy  Co.;  owns  300 
acres,  valued  at  $10,000;  born  in  Baden, 
Germany,  Jan.  1,  1819  ;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1837,  settling  in  Warren  Co., 
Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  1855, 
when  he  moved  to  this  county,  and  set- 
tled where  he  now  lives.  His  farm  was 
entered  by  John  Karl,  from  whom  Mr. 
Walter  purchased  it  when  he  arrived  ; 
after  staying  on  his  farm  a  year,  he 
moved  to  Marshalltown,  and  engaged  ia 
business  for  seven  years  ;  then  returned 
to  his  farm,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Married  Elizabeth  Little  in  1843 ;  she 
was  born  in  AVarren  Co. ,  Ohio  ;  their 
children  are  Elizabeth,  Mary,  John, 
Caroline,  Emma,  Frank,  George,  Charles, 
Albert  and  Warren.  Is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church. 

WEATHERLY  A.  C,  farmer 
and  Postmaster,  Sec.  16  :  P.  0.  Vienna ; 
in  Owen  Co.,  Ind.,  March  19,  1847  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  the  Fall  of  1867, 
settling  in  Iowa  Tp.  Enlisted  in  the 
25th  Ind.  V.  I.,  Company  F,  July  4, 
1863  ;  participated  in  many  battles,  and 
was  with  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the 
sea ;  was  at  the  grand  review  at 
Washington,  and  honorably  discharged 
at  Indianapolis,  Ind..  July  27,  1865. 
Married  Eva  Lowe  .March  8,  1867,  who 
died  May  27,  1874.  Married  again 
Mrs.  Rachel  Patterson,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Beesou,  Aug  15,  1875;  has 
three  children — John  F.,  Emma  A.  and 
Rosetta  ;  the  last  two  are  adopted.  Mrs. 
W.'s  children  by  her  former  marriage 
are  Jesse  J.,  Samuel  B.  and  Emeline  F. 
Republican  in  politics. 

Weeks,  H.,  far.,  S.  32;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Wescott,  E.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  O.  Badger 
Hill. 

Wescott,  S.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  O.  Badger 
Hill. 

Wilbur,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 


t)32 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


WIL.L.IA9IS,  B.  A.,  farmer,  Sec. 
3-i  ;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,500 ;  born 
in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  10,  1833  ; 
moved  to  Cayuga  Co.  with  his  parents 
when  6  years  old,  and  to  Rock  Co., 
Wis.,  in  May,  1852.  Enlisted  in  the 
3d  Wis.  Cav.,  Company  E ;  was  en- 
gaged in  the  battle  of  Prairie  Grove  and 
many  others  ;  was  honorably  discharged 
Feb.  14,  1865,  and  returned  to  Wiscon- 
sin. Married  Lois  A.  Jones  Jan.  10, 
1866;  she  is  a  native  of  Summit  Co., 
Ohio  ;  they  have  two  children — Charles 
J.  and  Edwin  P.  Mr.  W.  came  to  this 
county  in  1866,  settling  in  this  town- 
ship, where  he  has  since  resided.  Is  a 
Republican  and  a  Congregationalist. 

WIL,I^IAMS,  M.  E.,  farmer,  S_.  34  ; 
P.    0.    Green    Mountain;  owns   eighty 


acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,000  ;  born  in 
Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  Sept.,  1844  ;  ho 
came  to  Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1852,  and 
there  enlisted  in  the  43d  Wis.  V.  I., 
Company  A,  in  Aug.,  1864;  was  in 
several  engagements,  and  honorably  dis- 
charged June  24,  1865,  and  returned 
to  Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  and  remained  there 
until  1870,  when  he  moved  to  this 
county,  settling  in  Vienna  Tp.,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  Is  a  Republican 
and  Congregationalist. 
Wolf,  C,  far.,  S.  23;  P.  0.  Vienna. 

YETLEY,    J.,    far.,    S.    36;  P.  0. 
Green  Mountain. 
Yetley,   C,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.   Marshall- 
town. 
Zink,    C,    far.,    S.     25;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 


TIMBER    CREEK    TOWNSHIP. 


ALEXANDER,  WM.,   laborer,   Sec. 
36  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek. 
Anson,  H.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

BAKER,  ENOS,  carpenter,  Sec.  2  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Baker,  W.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Baxter,  James,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Timber 
Creek. 

BURGER,  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec.  20; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Alsace, 
Prussia,  Sept.  6,  1817;  came  to  this 
country  in  1836,  and  located  in  Canada, 
where  he  lived  for  thirty-one  years,  en- 
gaged in  farming  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1867.  Married  Miss  Margaret  Nye  ; 
they  have  ten  children,  mostly  located 
near  him.  Owns  eighty- four  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 

Birks,  J.  T.,  far.,  S.  13 ;  P.O.  Marshalltown. 

BIRKS,  DAVID,  farmer.  Sec.  24  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Tennessee 
Jan.  15,  1813  ;  moved  to  Logan  Co., 
111.,  with  parents  when  very  young, 
and  afterward,  to  Sangamon  Co.,  where 
he  lived  about  thirty  years  ;  has  always 
been  engaged  in  farming,  and  now  owns 
497  acres,  valued  at  $15,000;  came  to 
this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1852,  and 
located  where  he  now  lives,  being  about 
200  01    300  yards  south  of  where  Ft. 


Robinson,  of  early  days,  used  to  stand. 
Mr.  B.  has  been  married  twice,  his  first 
wife  being  Miss  Phebe  Turner,  whom 
he  mai'ried  June  27,  1835  ;  they  had 
twelve  children ;  Mrs.  B.  died  Nov.  26, 
1862,  and  Nov.  24,  1863,  he  married 
Mrs.  Sarah  Garrett ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dien.  Mr.  Birks  has  always  been  a 
strong  Democrat. 

Blake,  E.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Burns,  D.,  far.,  S.  16;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

CAMPBELL,  J.  F.,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

CARHODY,  PETER, farmer,  Sec. 
35 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Clare 
Co.,  Ireland,  Oct.  28,  1813;  came  to 
America  in  1849,  and  in  1856,  came  to 
this  county  ;  has  always  been  engaged  in 
farming.  Married  Miss  Bridget  Flan- 
agan July  27,  1836  ;  they  have  twelve 
children  living — Michael,  John,  James, 
Bridget,  Peter,  Thomas,  Maggie,  Will- 
iam, Mary,  Sarah,  Ellen  and  Ida.  Mrs. 
Carniody  died  March  1,  1865.  Mr.  C. 
and  family  arc;  membcTs  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  ;  has  always  been  a 
Democrat.  Owns  eighty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $2,500. 

Chapman,  W.  T.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  O.  Mar- 
shalltown. 


TIMBER  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


633 


Chase,  S.  P.,  far.;  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

CHILSON,  II.  J.,  farmer,  Sec.  8 ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  Manches- 
ter, Ohio,  Jan.  22,  1845 ;  moved  to 
New  Philadelphia  with  his  parents, 
when  2  years  of  age  ;  when  9  years  old 
he  went  to  Defiance  Co.,  and  afterward 
to  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ind..  where  he  enlisted 
in  Co.  F,  129th  Ind.  V.  I.,  and  served 
about  thirty-two  months ;  was  at  the 
-seige  of  Atlanta,  and  about  all  the  bat- 
tles fought  by  the  army  of  the  Cumber- 
land. Came  to  this  county  in  the  Fall 
of  186(3.  Has  been  married  twice ; 
first  wife  was  Miss  Belle  Chrispin,  whom 
he  married  Sept.  1, 1868  ;  they  had  one 
child — George  Clyde  ;  second  wife  was 
Miss  Elizabeth  Hudson,  whom  he  mar- 
ried Sept.  1,  1873  ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren—Addie  B.  and  Elbert.  Mr.  C. 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church  ;  he  is  a  Republican.  Owns 
sixty  acres  of  land  valued  at  $1,800. 

Clark,  P.  J.,  far.,  S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Clark,  S.  E.,  fiir..  Sec.  6;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Clark,  W.  H.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

COOPER,  J.  F.  M.,  farmer,  Sec. 
o5  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Owen 
Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  2,  1831  ;  lived  there  till 
1847,  when  with  his  parents,  he  moved 
to  Jasper  Co.,  Iowa, and  in  April  of  the 
next  year,  came  to  this  county  and  lo- 
cated where  he  now  lives ;  his  father, 
Joseph  Cooper,  bought  the  first  Gov- 
ernment land  purchased  in  the  county ; 
it  being  the  southeast  quarter  of  Sec. 
26,  in  this  township ;  he  carried  the 
money,  mostly  silver,  to  Iowa  City,  in  a 
meal  bag,  and  on  horseback  ;  they  en- 
dured many  privations  at  that  time ;  the 
nearest  mill  was  about  sixty  miles  dis- 
tant, and  at  Newton  their  nearest  phy- 
sician. On  the  15th  of  September, 
1853,  Mr.  C.  and  Miss  Elizabeth  D. 
Alexander  were  united  in  marriage ;  they 
have  no  children,  save  two  whom  they 
adopted.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  are  members 
(if  the  Baptist  Church  :  he  has  always 
been  a  Democrat.  Owns  160  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $5,000. 

CRABTREE.  JAMES,  farmer, 
Sec.  22 ;   P.  0.  Marshalltown ;   born  in 


Clark  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  16, 1830  ;  moved 
to  Edgar  Co.,  111.,  in  1852,  and  engaged 
in  farming  and  droving;  moved  to  this 
county  in  the  Fall  of  1867.  Married 
Miss  Amanda  Mo.s8  April  11,  1851  ; 
their  children  are  Arthur,  Alexander, 
John  H.,  Dora  B.,  Bruce,  Justin  R., 
Addie,  Ettie  May  and  Orie  A.  Mr  C. 
is  now  extensively  engaged  dn  raising 
stock;  has  175  head  of  cattle,  twenty 
horses  and  about  150  hogs ;  owns  420 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $17,000.  Po- 
litically a  Republican. 

Crabtree,  John,  retired,  S.  21  ;  P.  O.  Mar- 
shalltown. 
.Crawford,  J.    B.,   far.,  S.  30;   P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

CRONKLETON,  T.  C,  farmer. 
Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in 
Delaware  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  11,  1831  ; 
lived  there  until  about  24  years  old  ;  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  teaching,  working  ' 
on  a  farm  in  the  Summer  and  teaching 
school  Winters,  and  by  prudence  and 
economy  saved  enough  to  enable  him 
to  come  to  this  county  and  buy  240 
acres  of  land  from  the  Government, 
which  he  did  in  April,  1855  ;  bought 
a  yoke  of  cattle,  built  a  little  shanty 
and  went  to  work ;  he  was  at  that 
time  the  only  man  on  the  prairie ;  he 
now  owns  620  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$15,500  ;  is  extensively  engaged  in 
raising  stock,  and  also  has  a  fine  orchard 
of  800  trees,  from  7  to  13  years  old,  all 
in  fine  condition.  Mr.  C.  lived  alone 
for  five  years  after  coming  here,  part  of 
the  time  baching  it.  Married  Miss 
Mary  M.  Parks  April  2,  1863  ;  their 
children  are  Mary  G.,  born  July  29, 
1868 ;  Lamattie  V.,  Dec.  17,  1870 ; 
Frank,  Sept.  4,  1874,  and  .\gne,s  J., 
April  15,  1877.  Mrs.  C.  is  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  Church ;  Mr.  C.  is  an 
active  Republican.  Has  been  Township 
Clerk  for  ten  years,  Trustee,  and  held 
other  offices  in  the  town.ship. 

DENNIS,  H.  A.,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  O. 
Marshalltown. 
DAYTON,  J.  I..,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Delaware 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  5,  1838  ;  moved  to 
Bureau  Co.,  111.,  with  parentis  when  2 
years  old  ;  lived  there  until  1867  ;  en- 
gaged in  farming  when  he  came  to  this 
count  v.    Enlisted  in  Co.  E,  33d  111.  V. 


634 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


I.,  from  Bureau  Co  ,  Aug.  8,  1861,  for 
three  years  ;  was  in  the  West  and  South- 
west Department,  re-enlisting  at  the  ex- 
piration of  the  term,  and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war;  was  in  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  Port  Gibson,  Champion 
Hills,  Magnolia  Hills,  Black  River  and 
all  the  principal  battles  of  that  Depart- 
ment, and  came  out  without  a  wound. 
Married  Jane  E.  Crane  Oct.  23,  1866  ; 
their  children  are  Lydia  L.,  Chauncey 
L.,  Fanny  L.  and  Ezra  T.  Has  always 
been  a  Republican,  and  now  holds  the 
office  of  Constable.  Owns  120  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 

DEWEY,  A.  D.,  farmer.  Sec.  8  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  La  Fayette 
Co.,  Wis.,  Aug.  12, 1857  ;  camt?  to  this 
county  with  his  parents  when  about  4 
years  old,  and  has  since  made  this  his 
home.  Married  Miss  Etta  Brooks  July 
4, 1877  ;  they  have  one  child — Loren  W. 
Mr.  D.  is  a  Republican.  Owns  sixty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

DEWEY,  THOS.  D.,  farmer,  Sec. 
8 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.,  March  7,  1842  ;  at  the  age 
of  15,  he  traveled  for  a  firm  in  the 
nursery  business.  Enlisted  in  Co.  B, 
108th  N.  Y.  V.  I.,  July  26,  1862,  for 
three  years,  but  was  honorably  dis- 
charged Jan.  27,  1863,  for  disability ; 
came  to  this  county  in  March,  1863, 
and  shortly  after  moved  to  Hardin  Co., 
but  remained  there  only  a  few  months, 
when  he  returned  to  this  county,  and 
locating  in  Marshalltown,  started  a  pump 
factory,  a  business  which  he  followed  a 
few  years  ;  now  owns  sixty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $6,000,  on  which  there  is  a 
very  fine  stone  quarry.  Married  Miss 
Mary  H.  Curtis  Aug.  5,  1862;  they 
have  five  children — EvaM.,  born  March 
4,  1864;  Minnie  A.,  born  July  15, 
1867  ;  Abbie  M.,  born  Sept.  12,  1870  ; 
Mabel  C,  born  Feb.  14,  1872;  Harry 
C,  born  Oct.  20,  1874.  Mr.  Dewey  is 
a  Republican,  and  now  holds  the  office 
of  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Dewoody,  W.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

DICKINSON,  R.  M.,  farmer,  Sec. 
11  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Cam- 
bridge, Vt.,  Jan.  16,  1824,  where  he 
lived  till  1866,  when  he  moved  to  Clay- 
ton  Co.,  Iowa,  but  soon  after  came  to 


this  county  and  bought  the  farm  where 
he  now  lives ;  has  always  been  engaged 
in  farming  and  dairying.  Married  Miss 
Hannah  Pelton  Oct.  25,  1853  ;  she  was 
born  July  3,  1835 ;  their  children  are 
Aimer  B.,  born  May  23,  1855;  Or- 
lando H.,  born  June  18,  1857;  Floretta 
A.,  born  Sept.  11,  1860  ;  Charlotte  M., 
born  March  23,  1863,  and  Bessie  Bell, 
born  March  3,  1874.  They  attend  the 
Baptist  Church,  of  which  Mrs.  D.  is  a 
member.  Owns  120  acres  of  land,  val- 
.  ued  at  $6,000. 

DOBSON,  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  8  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown ;  born  in  Madison  Co., 
Ind.,  July  7,  1843;  when  9  years  old, 
went  to  Tama  Co.,  Iowa.  Enlisted  Aug. 
17,  1862,  in  Co.  E,  24th  I.  V.  I,  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war  ;  was  in 
sixteen  different  battles,  and  in  one  of 
them  rChampion  Hills)  was  fired  upon 
by  two  companies  of  rebels  and  nine 
bullets  pierced  his  clothing,  but  only  cue 
scratched  him,  and  that  slightly ;  was 
taken  prisoner,  and  lay  twenty  days  in 
Libby  Prison.  Married  Miss  Gr.  M. 
Van  Vranken  March  14,  1868 ;  they 
have  one  child — Adelbert  W.,  born 
Feb.  6,  1874.  Mr.  D.  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Marshalltown ;  Republican,  and  holds 
the  office  of  School  Director.  Owns 
120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,800. 

Dresback,  W.  H.,  fiir.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Dunham,  Sylvanus,  fruit  and  vegetable 
preserver,  Sec.  2 ;   P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

FERGUSON,  J.  J.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  O. 
Timber  Creek. 

Fessenden,  John,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

FINDERIS,  JAUEI^,  farmer.  Sec. 
34  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Jasper 
Co.,  Iowa,  April  19,  1848 ;  his  fiither 
moved  from  Logan  Co.,  111.,  in  1847.  to 
this  county,  and  settled  on  Sec.  24,  but 
moved  to  Jasper  Co.  in  the  Fall  of  the 
same  year ;  returned  to  this  county  in 
the  Spring  of  1850,  and  located  where 
Mr.  Birks  now  lives ;  afterward  sold 
him  the  farm  ;  in  1856,  returned  to  Jas- 
per Co.,  and  in  1863,  to  this  county 
again;  in  1868,  moved  to  Gentry  Co., 
Mo.  Mr.  F.  returned  to  this  county  in 
the  Autumn  of  1875,  and  has  made  this 
his  home  since.     Married  Miss  Susan- 


TIMBER  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


685 


nah  E.  Hilsabeck  Jan.  1,  1868;  their 
children  are  Charles  A.,  Oliver  A., 
Lloyd  E.,  Oscar  R.  and  baby  not  named. 
He  is  a  Democrat  politically.  Owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,50(1. 

Foulk,  A.  J.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Froeble,  C.,far.,S.  38  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Framh,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

r^  OURLEY,  JAMES,  far.,  S.  11 ;  P. 

VJT     0.  Mar.shalltown. 

Graham,  Thomas,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

ILKER^^ON,  ROBERT,  tarm- 
er,  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  burn  in 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  28,  1806,  and 
lived  there  till  1865,  when  he  moved  to 
this  county  ;  has  always  been  engaged  in 
farming  and  dairying.  Married  Miss 
Mary  Brock  Feb.  2,  1832  ;  she  was  born 
May  16,  1812;  they  have  one  child — 
Sarah  J.,  born  Jan.  6,  1837,  now  the 
wife  of  A.  M.  Miller,  who  lives  with 
them,  and  owns  a  farm  just  south.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  G.  are  members  of  the  United 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  is 
Elder ;  was  formerly  a  Whig,  but  since 
1856  has  been  a  Republican.  He  owns 
eighty-four  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $80 
per  acre. 

Griffith,  H.  C,  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

HALL,  A.  A.,  far.,  S.  2  ;    P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

HlL.|i$ABE€K,  WM.  H.,  farmer, 
Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Stokes  Co.,  N.  C,  March  27,  1820; 
when  about  14  years  old,  went  to  Owen 
Co.,  Ind.,  with  his  parents,  and  lived 
there  eighteen  years,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing"; came  to  this  county  in  the  Fall  of 
1852,  and  located  in  this  township, 
which  he  has  since  made  his  home. 
Married  Miss  Matilda  R.  Spears  Jan.  4, 
1842  ;  she  was  born  in  Indiana  Sept.  9, 
1822  ;  their  children  are  Elwin  M.,  Da- 
vid I.,  Saluda  C,  John  W..  Solomon  P., 
Isaac  E.,  William  F.,  Elvira  M..  Matilda 
J.,  Elkanah  H.  and  Ardelia  E.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  H.  and  several  of  the  children 
are  members  of  the  Christian  Church  ; 
politically,  he  is  a  Democrat.  Owns  175 
acres  of  land  in  this  county,  valued  at 
$7,900,  and  338  acres  in  Crawford  Co., 
valued  at  $5,000. 


Haskel,  Fred., far.,  S.  22;  P.O.  Marshall- 
town. 

Hayne,  D.  W.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Hilsabeck,  Elvin  M.,  far.,  S.  25;  P.  O. 
Marshalltown. 

Hinman,  S.  H.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Hogel,  E.  R.,  far.,  S.  34;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Hooren,  F.  M.,  far.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Timber 
Creek. 

Hughes,Wm.  H.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.O.  Marshall- 
town. 

HULL.,  H.  H.,  farmer,  S.  23  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Mercer  Co., 
Penn.,  Aug.  18,  1828;  lived  there 
until  22  years  old,  when  he  moved  to 
Fayette  Co.,  Iowa,  and  settled  near 
West  Union,  being  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  that  county  ;  helped  to  raise 
the  first  mill  in  the  county  ;  lived  there 
till  1866,  except  two  years  spent  in 
Minnesota,  when  he  came  to  this 
county.  Married  Miss  Phebe  Wilson 
Nov.  8,  1849  ;  they  have  sis  children 
living  —  Enos  M.,  Henry  S.,  Katy, 
Nevada,  Jerome  H.  and  Seymour  H. 
Mr.  H.  and  family  attend  the  M.  E. 
Church.  He  is  (juite  extensively  en- 
gaged in  raising  bees  and  fruit ;  owns 
62-2  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre.  Has  always  been  a  Democrat,  and 
holds  the  office  of  Township  Trustee. 
Mr.  H.  has  within  four  rods  of  his 
house  a  spring  of  cold  crystal  water 
that  continually  flows  a  stream  as  large 
as  a  man's  arm  ;  it  is  one  of  the  finest 
locations  for  a  trout  pond  in  the  State  of 
Iowa. 

HIIRLBIJT,  E.,  farmer,  S.  15;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown ;  he  was  born  iu  Coos 
Co.,  N.  H.,  May  6,  1824;  lived  there 
till  1840,  when,  with  his  parents,  he 
came  to  Peoria  Co.,  111.;  in  1853,  he 
came  to  this  county,  and  located  where 
he  now  lives ;  but  since  that  time  he 
has  spent  about  seven  years  in  Illinois  ; 
when  he  first  came  here,  he  engaged  in 
teaming,  hauling  flour  from  Iowa  City 
and  Cedar  Rapids;  now  he  has  a  fine 
property,  owning  230  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $11,500.  He  married  Miss 
Rebecca  Hulsizer  Aug.  20,  1843  ;  they 
have  three  children — Hubbard,  Rosina 
and  Susan  E.     Mr.  H.  is  a  Republican. 


636 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


Hurlbut,  H.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
tiiwn. 

JAMES,  J.  A.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

KEOPER,  L.,far.,8.  11  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Kesterven,  C.  E.,  far.,  S.  34;  P.  O.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Kunkle,  K.,  fiir.,  S.  31  ;   P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
LACKEY,  W.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Tim- 
ber Creek. 

Lampman,  C,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Lemon,  A.  R.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

LangloflP.  A.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Lincoln,  L.,  far.,  S.  2 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Livingston,  M.  C.  far.,  S.  6;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Liston,  J.,  for.;  S.  23;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

I.Ot  NSBERRY,  H.  W.,  farmer, 
Sec.  11;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in 
Richland  Co.,  Ohio,  March  14,  1844 ; 
lived  there  six  years,  and  in  Lorain  Co. 
two  years ;  came  to  this  county  in 
March,  1876  ;  has  always  been  engaged 
in  farming.  Married  Miss  Agnes  Gourley 
Nov.  22,  1872;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren—Claud C,  born  Aug.  30,  1873 ; 
Harold  C,  June  14,  1874,  and  James 
C,  Sept.  2.  1876.  Mrs.  L.  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Mr.  L.  has 
always  been  a  Republican.  Rents  of 
his  father-in-law. 

McCORD,  H.  T.,  far.,  S.  13;  P.  0 
Marshalltown. 

Masterson,  A.  B.,  far.,  S.  14;  P.  O.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Milhiser,  J.,  far.,  S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Mll.LHISER,  JOHN,  farmer,  S. 
30  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Wur- 
tcmberg,  Germany,  Jan.  3,  1 808 ;  when 
about  9  years  of  age,  his  parents  took 
passage  at  Amsterdam  for  America,  but 
the  winds  being  contrary,  they  were 
driven  high  up  in  the  North  Sea,  all  the 
masts  carried  away,  and  they  were  at 
the  mercy  of  the  waves ;  they  finally 
got  into  the  port  of  Bergen,  Norway, 
where  they  wintered,  and  the  next  Sum- 
mer, after  harvest,  chartered  a  vessel  to 


go  to  Philadelphia,  on  condition  that  the 
passengers  be  sold  for  the  passage.  His 
parents  and  sister  were  accordingly  sold 
to  serve  four  years  each,  and  he  to  serve 
until  he  was  21  years  old  ;  he  was  in 
charge  of  a  Quaker,  and  worked  on  a 
farm.  When  the  time  was  up,  he  went 
to  Ohio,  where  his  parents  had  previously 
moved,  but  having  forgotten  his  native 
tongue,  was  unable  to  converse  with 
them,  and  had  to  again  learn  the  Ger- 
man language.  The  next  Spring,  he  re- 
turned to  Pennsylvania,  and  during  the 
five  years  following,  made  three  trips  to 
Ohio,  and  returned,  but  finally  located  in 
Ohio.  Was  married  Feb.  6,  1840,  to 
Margaret  Raub,  who  was  born  in  Ohio; 
they  have  five  children  living — Wm.  B., 
Henry  R..  Christian  C,  Malinda  H.and 
John  L.  Mr.  M.  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Evangelical  Association.  In  1856. 
they  moved  to  Mercer  Co.,'  Penn.,  and 
remained  until  1870,  when  they  came 
to  this  county.  The  children  are  all  well 
located  near  him.  Owns  210  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $6,300. 

Milhiser,  W.  B.  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  O.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Miller,  A.  M.,  far.,  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Moler,  H.,  far.,  S.  10;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

MOXOHON,  WILLIAM,  far, 
S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown,  born  in  Ma 
son  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  11,  1825  ;  lived  there 
until  40  years  of  age,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, tobacco  and  wheat  raising,  exten- 
sively ;  was  in  the  hotel  business  two 
years  ;  came  to  this  county  in  March, 
1865,  and  located  where  he  now  lives, 
it  being  the  first  land  entered  in  the 
county.  Married  Miss  Nancy  J.  Owens 
Oct.  16,  1845  ;  their  children  are  Sarah 
F.,  Louisa  A.,  Catharine  C,  John  O., 
Ira  E.  and  Robert  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
M.  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church, 
in  which  he  is  Deacon  ;  Democrat. 
Owns  340  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $16,- 
()()(► ;  is  quite  extensively  engaged  in 
raising  stock. 

Mulligan,  E.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Mulligan,  W.,  far.,  S.  18;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
OWENS,  W.  W.  far.,    S.  36  ;    P.  0. 
Timber  Creek. 


TIMBER  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


637 


OVIATT,  E.  L<.,  farmer,  Sec.  14  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltdwn  ;  born  in  Trumbull 
Co.,  Ohio,  April  20,  1828  ;  the  early 
part  of  his  life  he  spent  there,  engaged 
in  forming  and  dairying;  came  to  this 
county  in  Dec,  1854,  and  located  in 
Marshalltown,  but  afterward  moved  to 
his  present  farm.  Mr.  0.  has  been 
married  twice ;  his  first  wife  was  Miss 
Betsy  F.  Sharon,  whom  he  married 
Nov.  7,  1850,  she  died  Nov.  20,  1857, 
on  Dec.  28,  1858,  he  married  Miss  Re- 
becca W.  Hoftman  ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— Lydia  L.,  born  March  15,  1860, 
and  William  L.,  born  Feb.  18,  1867. 
Mr.  Oviatt  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church  in  Marshalltown.  He 
enlisted  in  Co.  D,  5th  [.  V.  I.,  and 
served  three  years  and  six  months,  but 
one  year  was  spent  in  Belle  Island  and 
Andersonville  prisons,  where  he  suf- 
fered so  much  from  exposure  and  star- 
vation that  he  never  fully  recovered  his 
health.  Has  always  been  a  Republican. 
Has  held  various  offices  in  the  township. 
Owns  sixty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,- 
600. 

PRICE,    A.  T.,   far.,  Sec.  2  ;   P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 
REIBER,   JOHN  A.,   farmer,  S.  19 ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

RAHX,  JACOB  O.,  farmer,  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  he  was  born 
in  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  May  15,  1845; 
moved  to  Carroll  Co.,  111.,  with  his 
parents  when  quite  young,  and  lived 
there  till  1867,  when  he  came  to  this 
county.  He  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  71st  I. 
V.  I.,  for  three  months,  and  after  serv- 
ing his  time,  re-enlisted  in  Co.  C,  8th 
I.  V.  I.,  and  served  till  the  close  of 
the  war ;  was  in  the  Eastern  Department 
mostly.  Married  Miss  Virginia  Rogers 
Oct.  17,  1873;  they  have  one  child — 
Martha  S.  He  is  a  Republican.  Owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,000. 

Richars,  0.,  far.,  S.  23 ;  P.  O.  Marshall- 
town. 

ROGERS,  FRANCIS,  farmer,  S. 
11  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown;  born  in  Erie 
Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  24,  1842;  when  12 
years  old,  his  parents  came  to  this 
county,  and  he  has  since  made  it  his 
home.  Enlisted  in  Co.  K,  23d  I.  V.I., 
and  served  three  years ;  was  in  the 
battles  of  Port  Gibson,  Champion  Hills, 


and  Black  River.  January  28,  1866, 
he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Rogers  ;  their 
children  are  Cyrus,  born  Oct.  2!», 
1866  ;  Ceres,  born  Sept.  13,  1870,  and 
Cressie,  born  April  26,  1875.  Mr.  R. 
has  always  been  a  Republican.  Owns 
eighty  acres,  valued  at  $4,000. 

ROGERS,  JOHN,  farmer,  S.  11  ; 
P.  O.  3Iarshalltown ;  born  in  Erie 
Co.,  Ohio,  July  30,  1836,  and  when  18 
years  of  age  came  to  this  county,  which 
he  has  since  made  his  home,  with  the 
exception  of  three  years  spent  in  Cali- 
fornia. Married  Miss  Susannah  Myers 
Nov.  24,  1867  ;  they  have  two  children 
— Marriam  L.,  born  Dec.  13,  1869  ; 
Giles  0.,  born  March  28,  1873.  Mr. 
R.  is  a  Republican  politically.  Owns 
eishty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,500. 

ROGERS,  REUBEN  H.,  farmer. 
Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  29,  1801  : 
spent  his  early  days  in  that  county,  and 
lived  in  the  State  till  29  years  of  age, 
when  he  moved  to  Erie  Co.,  Ohio,  and 
engaged  in  farming,  which  he  always 
followed.  In  1854,  he  came  to  tlm 
county,  and  located  where  he  now  lives. 
Dec.  30,  1824,  he  married  Miss  Sallie 
Kipp,  who  was  born  in  New  York  Nov. 
13,  1808;  they  have  five  children  living 
— Betsey,  John,  Francis,  Ellen  and 
Ralph  ;  several  of  them  are  pleasantly 
located  near  him.  Mr.  R.  was  formerly 
a  Democrat,  but  has  been  a  Republican 
since  the  organization  of  the  party. 
Owns  114  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre. 

Rose,  Henry  J.,  farmer.  Sec.  28 ;  P.  O. 
Marshalltown. 

SHETTLER,  J.  K.  P.,  far.,  S.  29 ;  P. 
O.  Marshalltown. 
SCOTT,  WM.,  farmer.  Sec.  13  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Scotland,  and 
when  quite  young  emigrated  to  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  with  his  parents;  moved  to 
Kendall  Co.,  Ill,  when  about  15  years 
old;  in  the  Spring  of  1855,  came  to 
this  county  and  located  on  his  present 
farm,  which  now  comprises  350  acres, 
valued  at  $15,800.  Married  Miss  Jane 
Jenkins  Oct.  6,  1852  ;  she  was  burn  in 
New  York  ;  they  have  nine  children — 
William  Walter,  born  Dec.  15,  1853; 
Franklin  W.,  born  July  23,  1855; 
Samuel  0.,  born  March  5, 1857  ;  George 


€38 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


E.,  born  April  6,  1859  ;  Sarah  B.,  born 
Dec.  23,  18G0;  Mary  E.,  born  April 
12,  1863;  Alice  J.,  born  June  23, 
1865;  Charles  H.,  born  July  1,  1867; 
Rosetta,  born  Sept.  3.  1869.  Mr.  Scott 
is  a  Republican. 

^HERMAIV,  C.  W.,  farmer,  Sec.  4  ; 
P.  (3.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Addison 
Co.,  Vt.,  Aug.  23,  1823  ;  lived  there 
till  1866,  when  he  moved  to  this  county 
and  located  in  Marshalltown ;  when  in 
Vermont,  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and 
speculating ;  his  father  built  the  first 
steamboat  on  Lake  Champlain  ;  when  he 
first  came  to  this  county  he  bought  and 
kept  for  three  years  the  hotel  known  as 
the  Marshall  House,  which  stood  where 
the  City  Bank  now  stands ;  he  now 
owns  107  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50 
per  acre.  Married  Miss  Laura  Taylor 
May  1,  1864;  they  have  one  child — 
Daisy,  born  Dec.  2,  1871.  Mr.  S.  and 
family  attend  the  Congregational  Church 
in  Marshalltown  ;  Republican  in  politics. 

SlUTH,  ANDREW  J.,  farmer, 
Sec.  36 ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek ;  born  in 
Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  1,  1819;  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  primitive  log 
school  house  of  those  days.  Emigrated 
to  Coshocton  Co.,  Ohio,  when  in  his 
16th  year,  where  he  resided  four  years ; 
thence  he  removed  to  Owen  Co.,  tnd.,  in 
October,  1838;  in  1840,  he  cast  his 
first  vote  for  President  Wm.  H.  Harri- 
son. Was  married  Oct.  13,  1842,  to 
Miss  Mahala  A.  Cooper,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Cooper,  who  emigrated  from 
Pulaski  Co.,  Ky.,  to  Owen  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
1829  ;  she  was  born  Nov.  22,  1826.  In 
August,  1847,  Mr.  S.,  with  Joseph 
Cooper,  Joseph  M.  Ferguson,  W.  C. 
Smith  and  Blakeley  Brush,  emigrated  to 
Jasper  Co.,  Iowa,  and  in  April,  1848,  J. 
Cooper,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  W.  C.  S'liith 
and  B.  Brush  removed  with  their  fami- 
lies to  this  township,  and  in  the  Spring 
of  1849,  Mr.  S.  followed  them  and 
located  where  he  now  lives ;  they  have 
had  eight  children,  .six  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing—James M.,  born  Feb.  5,  1844; 
David  W.,born  March  12,  1846;  John 
W.,  born  Feb.  18,  1848;  Joseph  W., 
born  Sept.  21,  1849;  William  F.,  born 
Sept.  16,  1851  ;  Nelson  J.,  born  March 
8,  1854 ;  Amanda  E.,  born  July  2, 
1856;    Andrew    J.,    born    March    23, 


1860.  John  W.  died  Oct.  10,  1851. 
James  M.  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  13th  I.  V. 
I.,  was  ordered  to  Benton  Barracks,  in 
St.  Louis,  in  November ;  he  took  the 
measles  and  died  Dec.  23,  1861.  Mr. 
S.  was  the  first  contractor  in  this  county 
to  carry  the  mails ;  the  route  was  from 
Timber  Creek  to  Newton  and  back  once 
a  week  ;  the  salary  was  the  proceeds  of 
the  office,  about  $1.25  per  quarter;  has 
held  the  office  of  Postmaster.  David 
Cooper  was  the  first  Constable  elected  in 
the  county,  and  Mr.  S.  was  next  elected 
for  01  e  year,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
term  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  one  ^J^ear ;  bound  the  first  couple  in 
the  bonds  of  matrimony  in  this  county 
— Almerian  Gear  to  Miss  Ballard, 
daughter  of  Phillip  Ballard,  now  living- 
near  Albion.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  Whig  in 
early  days,  but  since  the  organization  of 
the  Republican  party,  has  voted  with 
them.  Owns  190  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $6,000. 

Small,  A.,  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

SMITH,  B.  F.,  farmer,  Sec.  13 ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  Coshocton 
Co.,  Ohio,  July  14,  1837  ;  lived  there 
two  years,  and  in  Owen  Co.,  Ind.,  until 
1848,  when,  with  his  parents,  he  came 
to  this  county  and  located  on  Timber 
Creek,  his  father  being  one  of  the  first 
men  who  settled  iu  the  county  ;  he  was 
one  of  the  occupants  of  Ft.  Robinson, 
which  his  father  helped  to  build  and  oc- 
cupy during  the  excitement  caused  by 
the  Indians  coming  in  here  in  large 
numbers  and  arming  and  drilling ;  he 
attended  the  first  school  taught  in  this 
county,  his  brother,  now  Judge  W.  C. 
Smith,  of  Albion,  being  the  teach- 
er. Married  Miss  Nancy  J.  Ralls 
June  10,  1860 ;  they  have  had 
five  children,  but  have  lost  them 
them  all.  Mr.  Smith  spent  two  years, 
from  1863  to  1865,  in  Idaho  and  Mon- 
tana. Is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  Owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,000. 

Smith,  C,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Smith,  J.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

Snow,  G.,  tar.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Snyder,  J.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

STACY,  O.,  farmer,  Sec.  29 ;  P.  O. 
Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Mahoning  Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.  14,  1846;  moved  to  Mercer 
Co.,  Penn.,  when  about  16  years  old; 


TIMBER  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


639 


lived  there  three  years,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1868,  moved  to  this  county 
and  engaged  in  farming,  which  he  has 
always  followed.  Has  always  been  a 
Republican,  and  is  now  Treasurer  of 
School  District.  Owns  100  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

Stacy,  W.  H.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Stewart,  G.,  far.,  S.  7 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Stone,  H.  M.,  far.,  S.  6 ;  P.  O.  Marshall- 
town. 

Stunbarger,  C.  M.,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 
TRAVIS,  GEORGE,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

TOWlfER,  ArSTIlV,  farmer.  Sec. 
27  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Brad- 
ford Co.,  Peun.,  March  17,  1832  ;  lived 
there  till  20  years  old,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  lumbei'ing ;  he  then  traveled 
very  extensively  throughout  the  Western 
States  and  Territories  ;  was  with  Gen. 
Johnson  in  his  expedition  against  the 
Mormons  ;  he  finally  settled  in  Ogle  Co., 
111.,  and  married  Miss  Elizabeth  B. 
Bullis  Sept.  15,  1860,  and  May  17, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  D,  39th  111.  V. 
I.,  and  served  till  September,  1863, 
•when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health  ;  was  promoted  to  First  Lieuten- 
ant, and  served  in  the  Eastern  Depart- 
ment nearly  all  the  time  ;  was  in  the 
battles  of  Winchester,  Port  Republic, 
Williamsburg,  Fair  Oaks,  Seven  Pines, 
Antietam,  South  Mountain,  and  the 
seven  days'  fight  before  Richmond.  Mr. 
T.  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Association  ;  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  has  held  about  every  township 
ofiice  ;  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace 
twelve  years.  Owns  ninety-three  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

TRAVIS,  AI.FRED,  farmer,  Sec. 
15;  P.  0.  Marshalltown;  born  in  Erie 
Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  1,  1849 ;  came  to  Mar- 
shalltown when  9  years  old,  and  located 
with  his  parents  one  mile  west  of  the 
city ;  has  made  this  county  his  home 
ever  since.  Married  Miss  Margaret  B. 
McMullin  Jan.  12,  1875  ;  she  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Mr.  T.  has 
always  been  a  Republican.  Owns  eighty- 
five  acres  of  land  in  Worth  Co.,  Mo., 
valued  at  $2,0(»0,  but  cultivates  the 
place  owned  by  his  mother-in-law. 


WALTERS,  WILLIAM,  far.,  Sec. 
19  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Weber,  J.,  far.,  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Weeks,  J.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

WEIR,  JAMES  L.,  farmer,  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in 
Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10, 1841,  and 
when  about  8  years  old,  moved  to  Cook 
Co.,  111.,  and  in  1856,  to  Dane  Co.,  Wis.; 
remained  there  fourteen  years,  engaged 
in  farming,  except  one  year  in  the  army. 
Enlisted  in  Aug.,  1864,  in  Co.  B,  42d 
Wis.  V.  I.,  and  served  one  year.  Came 
to  this  county  in  Nov.,  1868.  Married 
Miss  Hattie  K.  Howe  Aug.  31,  1871 ; 
they  have  two  children — Loretta  May, 
born  July  8, 1872,  and  Melvin  W.,  Feb. 
16,  1876.  Mrs.  W.  is  a  member  of  the 
Evangelical  Methodist  Church  ;  he  is  a 
Republican.  Owns  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $4,000. 

Wilkie,  J.  C,  far.,  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Wessel,  G.,  far.,  S.  30;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Wilbur,  A.  A.,  far.,  S.  5;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

William,  W.  J.,  far ,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

WILSON,  H.  CLAY,  farmer.  Sec. 
15  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Lewis 
Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  12,  1837  ;  when  about 
15  years  of  age,  he  moved  to  Adams 
Co.,  Ohio,  and  in  1856,  came  to  this 
county  and  located  in  Timber  Creek  ; 
has  been  engaged  in  raising  and  handling 
fine  stock,  more  particularly  hogs  ;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  per 
acre.  Mr.  W.  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  23d 
I.  V.  I.,  in  Aug.,  1862,  and  served  till 
the  close  of  the  war  ;  was  First  Lieu- 
tenant for  the  last  two  years  of  his  serv- 
ice. Married  Miss  Jennie  Heinsdon 
March  25,  1868  ;  they  are  members  of 
the  Congregational. Church  in  Marshall- 
town.  Mr.  W.  is  a  RepubHcan,  and 
has  held  the  office  of  Township  Assessor 
six  or  seven  terms.  Owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

Winters,  P.  J.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Wright,  M.,  far.,  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

YEAMANS,  N.  F.,  farmer,  Sec.  14; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

6 


640 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY; 


MINERVA    TOWNSHIP. 


ALEXANDER,  CHARLES,  farmer, 
Sec.  19;   P.  0.  State  Centre. 

AKSELME,  JOSEPH,  far.,  Sec. 
19  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  Jan.  6, 
1829,  in  France ;  in  1844,  came  to 
New  Orleans,  then  to  St.  Louis;  in  1845, 
removed  to  La  Salle  Co.,  111.;  in  1854, 
came  to  Minerva  Tp.;  owns  330  acres, 
valued  at  S25  per  acre.  Married  Mary 
Rohrr  June  1,  1856  ;  she  was  born 
July  30,  1835,  in  France;  have  seven 
children — Margaret,  Joseph,  Mary,  Sa- 
lina,  Rosella,  John  and  Albert.  Has 
been  School  Director.  Are  members  of 
the  CatholicChurch. 

Armbaecht,  I^ouis,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

BAUER,  ALBERT,  far.,  Sec.  19  ;  P. 
0.  State  Centre. 

BABCOCK,  A.  C,  capitalist.  Sec. 
29 :  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  March, 
1828,  in  Yates  Co.,  N.  Y.;  in  1846, 
came  to  Canton,  111.,  and  still  resides 
there  ;  he  owns  about  2,000  acres  of  land 
in  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa.  Married  Mar- 
garet A.  Bidamon,  daughter  of  Christian 
Bidamon,  of  Canton,  111. ;  they  have 
seven  children — Mary  V.,  C.  Don,  Clara 
L.,  Frank  C,  Maggie,  Sheldon  S.  and 
Wm.  Pitt. 

BA1>KR,  DAXIKI.,  far..  Sec.  27; 
P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Feb.  1,  1833, 
in  Wurtemberg,  Germany;  in  1850, 
came  to  Racine,  Wis.;  in  1855,  came  to 
De  Kalb  Co.,  111.;  the  same  year,  re- 
turned to  Germany ;  then  came  to  Illi- 
nois ;  Sept.  8,  1865,  came  to  his  pres- 
ent farm ;  owns  265  acres,  valued  at 
$40  per  acre.  Married  Johanna  Nei- 
meyer  Dec.  1,  1855  ;  she  was  born 
Feb.  7,  1838,  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
and  died  Sept.  9,  1877  ;  had  six  chil- 
dren, five  livings-Maria,  Fred.,  Ida, 
George  and  Welbert ;  lost  Edward  in 
1877,  aged  11  years.  Has  been  School 
Director.  Are  members  of  Lutheran 
Church. 

Blackburn,  David,  far.,  S.  15;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Blackburn,  Thos.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  State 

Blank,  R.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 
Bode,  H.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 


Borton,  J.,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Bryant,  J.  P.,  far..  Sec.  16  :  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

BRYAIVT,  RICHARD,  far  ,  Sec. 
4  ;  P.  0.  Minerva  ;  born  Sept.  10, 1820, 
in  Lewis  Co.,  Ky.;  in  1856,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  and  to  his  present 
farm;  owns  156  acres,  valued  at  S30 
per  acre.  Married  Jane  Spence  Jan. 
23,  1841  ;  she  was  born  in  December, 
1820,  ih  Lewis  Co.,  Ky.;  have  three 
children — Mary  M.,  Nancy  A.  and  Job  a 
A.  Are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church. 

Busse,  H.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

r^HAMBERLAIN,  ASA  R.,  far.,  S. 

V_7     35  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Chinlsud,  A.,  far.,  S.  2 ;     P.  0.  Minerva. 

Churchhill,  S.  W.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

CliEMONS,  JOHN,  farmer,  Sec. 
12;  P.  O.  Minerva;  born  April  28, 
1856,  in  Minerva  Tp. ;  removed  to  his 
present  farm  in  1877;  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre.  Mar- 
ried Clara  Antes  Sept.  30,  1877  ;  she 
was  born  Feb  4,  1856,  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y. ;  her  parents  live  in  Liberty  Tp. 

CLEMOKS,  WILLIAM  M.,  far., 

Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Minerva  ;  born  June  21, 
1815,  in  Bourbon  Co.,  Ky. ;  in  1817, 
came  with  his  parents  to  Jeiferson  Co., 
Ind. ;  in  1825,  came  to  Decatur  Co., 
Ind.  ;  in  1854,  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
Iowa  ;  owns  656  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$25  per  acre.  Married  Nancy  Elder 
Jan.  16,  1840  ;  she  was  born  July  7, 
1820,  in  Washington  Co.,  Ky. ;  had 
twelve  children,  nine  living — Mary  S., 
Sarah  A.,  Nancy  J.,  Emma  E.,  Maria 
E.,  Wm.  J.,  John  A.,  Harvey  P.  and 
Abraham  L.  Has  been  Postmaster  for 
four  years ;  has  been  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  is  Township  Clerk  and  Treas- 
urer, and  is  Sub- School  Director.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church. 

Tj"^LEY,  J.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  State 
Pj     Centre. 

EADIiER,  JOH]^,  farmer.  Sec.  20  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Sept.  12, 
1840,  in  Germany  ;  in  1870,  came  to 
Minerva  Tp.;  owns  100  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre.    Married  Evena. 


MINERVA  TOWNSHIP. 


641 


Eckhart  Au^-.  27,  1875;  she  was  born 
in  Kondall  Co.,  III.,  in  185-1 ;  have  three 
children — Anna,  Mary  and  William. 
Members   of  Lutheran  Church. 

ECKHART,  AUGUST,  far ,  S. 
27  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre  ;  born  Aug.  19, 
1819,  in  Hanover,  Germany;  in  1850, 
came  to  Kendall  Co.,  111. ;  in  1855,  he 
came  to  Minerva  Tp. ;  in  1868,  removed 
to  his  present  flirm ;  owns  346  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Married 
Mena  Neimeyer  in  Sept.,  1853 ;  she 
was  born  in  Feb.,  1827,  in  Hanover, 
Germany  ;  had  ten  children,  nine  living 
— Irwena,  Caroline,  Mary,  Hannah, 
Elizabeth,  August,  Emma,  Louis  and 
Eddy;  Henry  died  in  1877,  aged  10 
years.  Was  nine  years  a  soldier  in  Ger- 
many. He  is  School  Director.  Mem- 
bers of  Lutheran  Church. 
ipORBES,  T.  J.,  farmer.  Sec.  35 ; 
'  P.  0.  State  Center;  born  March  18, 
1830,  in  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  1862,  came 
to  Ionia  Co.,  Mich.  ;  in  1865,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1873,  removed 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Mar- 
ried Kate  Peckham  Oct.  20,  1861  ;  she 
was  born  Dec.  16,  1832,  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  y.  ;  they  have  one  child — Nettie. 

r^  AUNT,  S.,  far.,  S.  4;  P.  O.Minerva. 

Gerke,    Wm.,   far.,    J.    23;  P.  0.  State 

Centre. 
German.     A.,    far.,    S.   17;  P.    0.  State 

GREWELU,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Sec  2 ; 
P.  0.  Minerva;  born  April  17,  1841, 
in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio ,  in  1859,  came 
to  Hardin  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1860,  came  to 
Washington  Tp.,  and  in  1866,  removed 
to  Minerva  Tp. ;  owns  sixty-four  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married 
Maria  E.  Clemons  Oct.  18,  1868;  she 
was  born  Oct.  15,  1850,  in  Indiana; 
have  four  children — Carrie,  Frank,  John 
and  Harry.  Enlisted  in  1862  in  2iid 
Iowa  V.  I.,  Company  K,  and  served  to 
the  close  of  the  war. 

GRE  WEUIi,  B.  F.,  farmer.  Sec.  24 ; 
P.  O.  Minerva;  born  July  26,  1848,  in 
Coshocton  Co.,  Ohio;  in  1859,  came  to 
Hardin  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1860,  came  to 
Minerva  Tp. ;  March  1,  1877,  removed 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  156  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre.     Married 


Alma  J.  Evans  Feb.  9,  1873  ;  she  was 
born  June  19,  1854,  in  Decatur  Co., 
Ind. 

HAMLETON,  I.  P.  &  E.,  farmers,  S. 
1  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Heartwig,  L.,  far..  See.  17 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

HELIX,  NICOLAS,  farmer.  Sec. 
15  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre  ;  born  June  18, 
1821,  in  France;  in  1853,  came  to  Illi- 
nois ;  in  1857,  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $20 
per  acre.  Married  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Mar- 
tin March,  1853  ;  she  was  born  April  1, 
1814,  in  France  ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— Edward  and  Emeline;  Mrs.  H. 
has  one  child  by  a  former  marriage — 
Mary  (now  Mrs.  Miller),  living  in  Ore- 
gon. 

Hennes,  L.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

HILL,  ABRAHAH,  farmer.  Sec. 
1  ;  P.  0.  Minerva;  born  Feb.  20,  1832, 
in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Penn.  ;  in  1853, 
he  came  to  Cedar  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1856, 
he  removed  to  Marshall  Co.;  rents  100 
acres  of  land  from  W.  M.  Clemons.  He 
married  Nancy  Spence  Aug.  15,  1864; 
she  was  born  Sept.  10,  1845,  in  Ken- 
tucky ;  they  have  three  children — Otho 
W.,  Thomas  J.  and  Blanche  ;  he  has  one 
son  by  a  former  marriage — William  A. 
Has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Con- 
stable ;  is  School  Director.  Members  of 
M.  E.  Church. 

Hillemann,  F.  J.,  far.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Hillemann,  F.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Hillemann,  H.,  far.,  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Hockett,  S.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

y  XOLE  DUE,  WILLIAM,  farm 

JL  er,  Sec.  12;  P.  0.  Minerva;  owns 
223  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per 
acre;  born  Sept.  27,  1827,  in  Columbi- 
ana Co.,  Ohio;  in  1855,  came  to  Mar- 
shall Co.,  Iowa.  Married  Phebe  J. 
King  in  April,  1849  ;  she  was  born  in 
March,  1829,  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio; 
had  seven  children,  six  living — Harry 
R.,  Osborn  C,  William,  Frank  K.,  El- 
wood  C.  B.  and  Louis  M.;  lost  Lot  in 
1861,  aged  20  months.  Has  been  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  Township  Clerk,  and 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  School  Board. 


642 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


JOHNSON,  JOHN,  far..  Sec.  U ;  P. 
0.  State  Centre. 

KEOPLE.  G.  C,  far.,  Sec.  5;  P.  0. 
Minerva. 

KAISER,  GEORGE,  farmer,  S. 
1?>;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  Nov.  13, 
1835,  in  Holstein,  Germany  ;  in  1856, 
came  to  Davenport,  Iowa  ;  in  1868,  came 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  245  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  §30  per  acre.  Married 
Anna  Freese  Feb.  22,  1860  ;  she  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1839,  in  Prussia,  Ger- 
many ;  they  have  seven  children — Ju- 
lius, William,  Alvena,  Emma,  Anna, 
Henry  G.  and  George  W.;  John  C.  died 
in  infancy.  Are  members  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church. 

KERSTEN,  A.  W.,  farmer,  Sec. 
34  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  Dec.  14, 
1849,  in  Machtlas,  Germany  ;  June  21, 
1868,  came  to  Lee  Co.,  111.;  Feb.  20, 
1870,  came  to  State  Centre,  Iowa  ;  they 
own  162  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30 
per  acre.  Married  Mrs.  Sophia  Ahrens 
May  23,  1878  ;  she  was  born  April  2, 
1854,  in  Germany.  Are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  Church. 

Kloke,  D.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Kreople,  M.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Kreople,  P.,  far.,  S.  6  ;   P.  0.  Minerva. 

Kuhlemann,  Henry,  far.,  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

LAPLANT,  DAVID,  far.,  Sec.   13; 
P.  0.  Minerva. 
Leipheit,  Wm.,  far..  Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

MAPLE,  WILLIAM,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P. 
0.  Minerva. 

McDANIEI.,  WII.LIAM,  black- 
smith and  Postmaster,  Minerva ;  born 
April  29,  1854,  in  Bennington,  111.;  the 
same  year,  came  with  his  parents  to 
Marshalltown,  Iowa;  March  1,  1878, 
came  to  Minerva.  Married  Fannie 
Rood  May  26,  1875  ;  she  was  born  in 
Illinois ;  have  one  child — Delia,  born 
May  19,  1877. 

HAGEE,  GEORGE  W.,  far.,  S. 

3  ;  P.  0.  Minerva;  born  May  20, 1833, 
in  Henry  Co.,  Ky.;  in  1835,  came  to 
Indiana  with  his  parents ;  in  1855,  came 
to  his  present  farm ;  owns  409  acres, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre.  Married  Belle 
Dorton  March  6,  1859  ;  she  was  born 
Dec.  13,  1838,  in  Union  Co.;  Ind.;  had 
six  children,  four   living — George  W.. 


Ada  A.,  Cora  B.  and  John  H.;  WiUie 
died  April  11,  1861,  aged  1  mo.;  Lo- 
rella,  died  Oct.  29,  1863,  aged  20  mos. 
Has  been  Assessor  and  Township  Col- 
lector. Are  members  of  the  Disciple 
Church. 

IIOORE,  GEORGE  R.,  for ,  Sec 

12  ;  P.  0.  Albian  ;  born  July  10, 1835, 
in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio ;  in  1865, 
came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa;  in  1867, 
came  to  present  farm ;  owns  140  acres,val- 
ued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married  Sarah  J. 
McMillan  Sept.  7,  1865  ;  she  was  born 
Jan.  17,  1837,  in  Pennsylvania;  have 
six  children — Anna  M.,  Eli  H.,  Byron 
B.,  Arthur  E.,  Virgil  and  Ira.  Enlisted 
in  1862,  Co.  C,  104th  Ohio  V.  I.,  and 
served  three  years,  to  the  end  of  the 
war. 

Mooney,  S.,  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

MOSER,  JOSHUA,  for.,  S.  4;  P. 
0.  Minerva ;  born  Sept.  17,  1843,  in 
Summit  Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1872,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1875,  removed 
to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  ninety-six 
acres,  valued  at  $25  per  acre.  Mai-ried 
Malinda  Rishel  Nov.  8,  1863;  she  was 
born  Oct.  13,  1845,  in  Northampton 
Co.,  Penn.;  have  seven  children — Emma 
R.,  born  April  26,  1864;  Clara  L., 
Sept.  24,  1865  ;  Charlie  F.,  Aug.  24, 
1867;  Jennie  L.,  Oct.  11,  1871  ;  El- 
mer E.,  Oct.  13,  1873  ;  William  E., 
Oct.  20,  1875  ;  Bertha  A.,  Jan.  31, 
1878.  Are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church. 

Mosher,  P.,  S.  4  ;   P.  0.  Minerva. 

Mulloy,  M.,far.,S.  30;  P.O. State  Centre. 

Mushik,  M.,  Sr.,  far.,  S.  7;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

T^TEWLAND,  ABRAHAM,  far.,  Sec. 

_LN       9  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Niedert,  C,  far.,  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Niemeier,  Frederick,  farmer,  S.  27  ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

Nolte,  G.,  far.,  S.  33;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

OEHLSEN,  HENRY,  farmer.  Sec.  22; 
P.  O.  State  Centre. 
OL.TSON,  FRED,  farmer.  Sec.  27. 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  Oct.  12,  1845, 
in  Brunswick,  Germany  ;  in  1854,  came 
to  Kendall  Co.,  111.  ;  in  1861,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  in  1868,  removed 
to  his  present  farm ;  owns  248  acres, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Married  Adal- 
ade  Wantz  Oct.  17,  1868 ;  she  was  born 


MINERVA  TOWNSHIP. 


G43 


Aug.  12,  1854,  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.  ; 
have  six  children — Anna,  Laura,  Fred- 
ericka,  Emma,  Louisa  and  Amelia. 
Members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

PALMER,  A.   J.,  farmer,  Sec.  6 ;  P. 
O.  Minerva. 
Phantz,    Henry,   farmer.  Sec.  21  ;  P.    0. 

State  Centre. 
PECKHAM,      HIRAM,    farmer, 

Sec.    35  ;     P.    0.  State    Centre ;  born 

March  7,   1820,  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  ; 

in  1855,  came   to    Marshall   Co.,  Iowa; 

July  4,  1874,  removed  to  Minerva  Tp.  ; 

ovpns  sixty  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ; 

His  mother  lives  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 

aged  about  87  years. 

RIEMENSCHNEIDER,  L.,  far.,  Sec. 
■   28  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
Riese,  M.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
Rumsey,    Theodore,    far.,  S.  25 ;  P.    0. 
State  Centre. 

SAWER,  WILLIAM  H.,  farmer.  Sec. 
35  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

SCHAPER,  AUOrST,  farmer. 
Sec.  16;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  born 
May  13,  1844,  in  Brunswick,  Germany; 
in  1855,  came  to  Canada;  in  1859, 
came  to  Illinois  ;  in  1861,  came  to  Mar- 
shall Co.,  Iowa;  in  1868,  came  to  his 
present  farm  ;  owns  260  acres  of  land. 
Married  Miss  Barbara  German  Oct.  28, 
1868 ;  she  was  born  in  August,  1843 ; 
have  four  children — August,  Henry, 
Christ  and  William  ;  she  has  three  chil- 
dren by  a  former  marriage — Josephine, 
Mary  and  George.  Are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  Church. 

Schaper,  Henry,  farmer,  Sec.  13 ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

Schaper,  Henry,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Schuler,  Christ,  far.,  S.  25 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Sedgwick,  W.  H.  H.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

Lee,  David,  far.,  S.  3 ;   P.  0.  Minerva. 

^ilMITIl,  HENRY  L..,  farmer,  Sec. 
14 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  May  4, 
1837,  in  Brunswick,  Germany  ;  in  1856 
came  to  Kendall  Co.,  III.;  in  1861,  en- 
listed in  Co.  E,  36th  111.  Inf  ;  served 
about  three  years  and  was  discharged  on 
account  of  a  wound  received  at  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga  ;  in  1864,  came  to 
Marshall  Co.,  Iowa  ;  owns  480  acres, 
valued  at  $25  per  acre.     Married  Eliza 


Bode  May  25,  1864  ;  she  was  born  in 
1841  in  Germany ;  had  six  children, 
five  living — Louis,  Henry,  Mary,  Mena 
and  William  ;  lost  Eliza  iu  1873,  aged 
1  year.  Is  Township  Assessor.  Are 
members  of  Lutheran  Church. 

Spence,  J.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Standen,  J.,  far.,  S.  5 ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Stellert,  G.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Stewart,  J.,  far.,  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Stough,  W.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Strohmeier,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  35;  P.  0.  State 
Center. 

SWIFT,  E.  C}.,  farmer,  Sec.  34;  P. 
0.  State  Centre;  born, Dec.  9,  1844,  in 
Lorain  Co.,  Ohio ;  in  1866,  came  to 
Illinois  ;  in  1868,  returned  to  Ohio  ;  in 
1869,  removed  to  Marshall  Co.;  in  1874, 
came  to  his  present  farm  ;  owns  220 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
Married  Charlotte  J.  Goodrich  July 
23,  1867  ;  she  was  born  May  7,  1847, 
in  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio  ;  have  one  child — 
Theodore  T.,  born  Dec.  20,  1872.  Are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

a^AGETOFF,  BENNET,  farmer.  Sec. 
.       10  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Thompson,  Robt.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  State 
Center. 

THOMPSON,  WIIiLIAM,  farm- 
er. Sec.  36 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born 
in  1807  in  Ireland  ;  in  1832,  came  to 
Providence,  R.  I.;  in  1857,  came  to  Bel- 
videre,  111.;  in  1867,  removed  to  his 
present  farm  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre.  Married  Eliza- 
beth A.  Nelson  July  4, 1837  ;  she  was 
born  in  1817  in  Ireland  ;  had  eleven 
children,  five  living — Sarah  J.,  Mary 
E.,  Ella,  William  S.  and  Maggie  E.  Are 
members  of  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church. 

Tiepermann,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Tuttle,  E.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

UHDE,  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre. 
VAN  METRE,  I.  T.,  farmer, 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born 
Nov.  11,  1822,  in  Berkeley  Co.,  Va.;  in 
1825,  came  with  his  parents  to  Fairfield 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  in  1855,  came  to  Linn  Co., 
Iowa;  in  1856,  removed  to  Benton  Co.; 
in  1870,  came  to  his  present  farm  ;  owns 
162  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per 
acre.     Married   Mary  Blair    March  16, 


644 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


1876;  she  was  born  Jan.  13,  1845,  in 
Johnson  Co.,  Iowa;  have  one  child — 
Hattie  ;  he  has  five  children  by  a  former 
marriage — John,  Fred,  Will,  Nettie 
May  and  Charles.  Are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church. 

WARNER,  0.  W.,  farmer,  Sec.   2 ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre. 
WAXTZ,  E.,  farmer,  Sec.  14 ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre  ;  born  June  15,  1832,  in 
France  ;  in   1843,   came  to  New  York 
City ;    then  to    Chicago ;    in  1847,  re- 


turned to  Now  York  ;  in  1 856,  came  to 
Minerva  Tp.;  owns  240  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $25  per  acre.  Married  Mary 
J.  Bryant  July  4,  1861  ;  she  was  born 
in  1836  in  Kentucky  ;  have  three  chil- 
dren— Rosa,  Robert  E.  Lee  and  Sher- 
man.    Members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Wantz,  G.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Wenre,  U.,far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

Wohlert,  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre. 

Worceter,  D.,  flir.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 


BANGOR    TOWNSHIP. 


ADAMS,  M.  H.,  farmer,  Sec.  17  ;  P. 
0.  Bangor. 
Adams,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
Albright.  F.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
Albright,  0.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
Allen,  Zimri,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  O.  Albion. 
Arney,  Z.  R.,  far.,  S.  34;    P.  O.  Albion. 

BENTLP:Y,  J.  J.,  farmer,  S.  3;  P.  0. 
Stanford. 

Bunch,  B.  F.,  fiir.,  S.  3  ;    P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Barton,  S.,  blacksmith,  Bangor. 

BENTL,EY%  CHARI.es,  farmer, 
Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Stanford ;  owns  187^ 
acres  of  laud,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ; 
born  in  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  in  1819 ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1853,  and  settled  on 
his  present  farm.  Married  Cordelia 
Baker  in  1844 ;  she  was  born  in  Catta- 
raugus Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1829  ;  they  have 
seven  children — Mary  J.  (now  Mrs. 
Moore),  Peter  J.  L.,  Joseph  M.,  George 
E.,  David  W.,  Rebecca  J.,  Clara  L. 
Are  members  of  Methodist  Church ; 
Republican. 

Bentley,  C,  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  O.  Stanford. 

Bentley,  E.  B.,  for.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Stanford. 

BE1VTL.EY,  S.  T.,  far.,  Sec.  3 ;  P. 
0.  Union,  Hardin  Co.  ;  owns  195  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in 
Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  in  1822  ;  came  to 
Ii  (wa  in  1 854,  and  settled  on  j)resent  farm. 
Married  E.  M.  Smith  in  1841  ;  she  was 
born  in  Berkshire  Co,  Mass.,  in  1818  ; 
have  one  child — Florence,  born  in  1845 
(now  Mrs.  Adams )  ;  lost  two — George 
and  Edward.  Are  members  of  Metho- 
dist Church.  Mr.  B.  was  a  member  of 
the  Board   of   Supervisors  four  years. 


and   Justice   of    the  Peace  six  years. 
Republican. 
Bishop,  D.  G.,  far.,  S.  33 ;    P.  O.  Albion. 

CHARTER,  P.  C,  farmer,  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0. 
J     Stanford. 

CAREY,  ZEXAS,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Bangor  ;  born  in  Highland  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1833  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1869. 
Married  Margaret  A.  Hunt  in  1859; 
she  was  born  in  Henry  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
1836  ;  have  five  children — Elizabeth, 
Ethel,  Anna,  Minnie  and  Boy.  Are 
members  of  the  Friends'  Church :  Re- 
publican. 

Carter,  W.  H.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Climer,  John,  shoemaker,  Bangor. 

Coate,  Jesse,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Cook,  Ira,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Cox,  David,  far.,  S.  5 ;  P.  0.  Stanford. 

Cox,  Jesse,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Stanford. 

DAVIS,  ALFRED,  farmer.    Sec.  7  ; 
P.  0.   Bangor. 
Davis,  Chas.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
Day,  Ed.,  tar.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Banuor. 
Denny.  Wm.,  far.,  S.  18;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

EVERIST,  B.  F.  C,  farmer.  Sec.  31  ; 
V.  ().  Bangor. 

EVER1^>T,  j.  C,  farmer.  Sec.  32  ; 
P.  O.  Albion  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Hart- 
ford Co.,  Md.,  in  1826;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1856,  and  settled  on  his  present  farm. 
Married  Elizabeth  A.  Perry;  she  was 
born  in  England  ;  have  four  children — 
William  M.,  Ann  L.,  Bertie  E.  and  Guy 
W.      Democrat. 

ESTEP,  JACOB,  former,  Sec.  4; 
P.  O.  Union  ;  owns  320  acres  of  land, 


BANGOR  TOWNSHIP. 


645 


valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in  Colum- 
biania  Co.,  Ohio,  in  181G;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1853.  Married  Mary  J.  Thomp- 
son in  1843  ;  she  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1823;  have  two  children — James  K. 
and  William  Henry.  Are  members  of 
the  M.  E.  Church.  Has  held  the  offices 
of  Trustee  and  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
Republican. 

GADE,  CHARLES,  miller,  Sec.  21 ; 
P.  0.  Bangor. 

■GARWOOD,  CYRIJS,  Sec.  32; 
P.  0.  Albion ;  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $-10  per  acre;  born  in 
Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1845  ;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1858,  and  settled  on  present 
farm  with  parents.  Married  Maggie 
Middleton  in  1871  ;  she  was  born  in 
Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1851  ;  have  two 
children — Charlie  and  Daisey.  Enlisted 
in  Co.  I,  8th  I.  V.  Cav.  in  1863;  dis- 
charged in  1865.     Republican. 

Gordon,  L.  B.,  far..  S.  9 ;   P.  0.  Stanford. 

GREEN,  JOEL,  Sec.  17;  P.  0. 
Bangor ;  owns  ninety-eight  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre;  born  in 
Clinton  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1824;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1859,  and  settled  in  Bangor 
Tp.  Married  Elizabeth  Schooley  in 
1848;  she  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1827  ;  have  four  children — MeUssa, 
Albert,  Elwood,  Willis.  Are  mem- 
bers of  the  Friends'  Church  ;  Repub 
lican. 

GREEX,  MAHLON,  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0. 
Bangor;  owns  195  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $50  per  acre;  born  in  Chnton  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1828  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1859. 
Married  Libbie  W.  Lundy  in  1852 ; 
she  was  born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1833;  have  three  children — Malvin  H., 
Anna  R.,  Levi  R.  Are  members  of 
the  Friends'  Church  ;   Republican. 

HALL,  D.  F.,  far.,  S.  33;  P.  0.  Al- 
bion. 

HALL,  EDWARD,  Sec.  32 ;  P.  0. 
Albion;  owns  100  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $4,000  ;  born  in  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J., 
in  1848  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1864.  Mar- 
ried Amelia  S.  Phelps  in  1868 ;  she 
was  born  in  Crawford  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1847  ;  have  one  child — Henry  L.,  born 
in  1871.  Are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Hall,  Peter,  far.,  S.  33;  P.  O.  Albion. 

Harrold,  I.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 


HILL,  I.  T.,  proprietor  of  Stanford 
Nursery,  Sec.  9 ;  P.  0.  Stanford ;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per 
acre;  born  in  Randolph  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
1835  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1859,  and  set- 
tled on  present  farm.  Married  Martha 
Lancaster  in  1861  ;  she  was  born  in 
Jackson  Co.,  Mich.,  in  1842.  Are 
members  of  the  Friends'  Church. 

Hockett,  I.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Hodgins,  A.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Hodgson,  A.,  far.,  S.  19;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

HOLDER,  G.  P.,  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor  ;  owns  105  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Lancaster  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1836  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1848, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  In  1865, 
married  Margaret  Davis  ;  she  was  born 
in  Henry  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1839  ;  they  have 
six  children — Rosa  Ellen,  Elihu  F., 
William  A.,  Flora  E.,  Ada  M.,  Lindley 
N.  Are  members  of  the  Friends' 
Church ;  Republican. 

Holiday.  W.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

HOWARD,  J.  R.,  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor  ;  owns  thirty-six  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $3,000  ;  born  in  Jeiferson  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1814  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1853, 
and  settled  in  Johnson  Co.,  and  removed 
to  Marshall  Co.  in  1855,  and  settled  in 
Liberty  Tp.  Married  Tabitha  Coving- 
ton in  1839  ;  she  was  born  in  Harrison 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1818  ;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren— Harry  J.,  Henry  C,  Asa  W., 
Edwin,  Oliver  G.  and  Hannah,  Mrs. 
Howard  is  a  member  of  the  Friends' 
Church.  Mr.  H.  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Supervisors  four  years ;  has 
held  the  offices  of  Clerk,  Trustee  and 
Justice.   Republican. 

Humphries,  W.  B.,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Stan- 
ford. 

JACKSON,  ABRAM,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor. 

Jackson,  J.  T.,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

JESSIJP,  ELAM,  Sec.  21 ;  P.  O. 
Bangor  ;  owns  530  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $35  per  acre  ;  born  in  North  Caroli- 
na in  1818;  came  to  Iowa  in  1850, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm 
in  1852:  Married  Anna  Hobson  in 
1845  ;  she  was  born  in  North  Carolina 
in  1824,  and  died  in  1859  ;  had  four 
children — Rachel,  deceased ;  JuHa  A., 
Jessie,  deceased ;  and  John  ;  married 
again  to  Anna  Larrowe  in   1360  ;  she 


646 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1830  ; 
they  have  six  children — Susanna,  Elihu, 
Samuel,  Stephen,  Isom  P.  and  Mary. 
Are  members  of  the  Friends'  Church ; 
Republican. 

Jessup,  J.  M.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

JOHWSOX,  C.  C,  school  teacher, 
Bangor;  born  in  Hamilton  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
1841  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1870,  and  set- 
tled in  Bangor.  Married  Lydia  M. 
Kinzer  in  1872  ;  she  was  born  in  How- 
ard Co.,  Ind.,  in  1850  ;  they  have  two 
children — Bertha  J.  and  Mary  C.  Mr. 
J.  is  Justice  ol'  the  Peace.  Are  members 
of  the  Christian  Church. 

KINDLEY,  C  W.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor. 
KIRK,  NATHAN,  far.,  Sec.  18  ; 
P.  0.  Bangor ;  owns  220  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  S-tO  per  acre ;  born  in  Clin- 
ton Co.,  Ohio,  in  1832,  and  came  to 
Iowa  in  186G,  and  settled  on  his  present 
farm.  Married  Abigail  Whinnery  in 
1853 ;  she  was  born  in  Columbiana 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1829  ;  have  four  children 
— Willis,  Joseph,  Edwin,  Mahlon.  Are 
members  of  Friends'  Church  ;  Repub- 
lican. 
LOIJNSBERY,  N.  L..,  farmer, 
Sec.  7;  P.  0.  Bangor ;  owns  eighty- 
five  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ;  born 
in  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio,  in  183G  ;  came 
to  Iowa  in  1856.  Married  Sarah  J. 
Kinzer  in  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana in  1838  ;  have  one  child  by  adop- 
tion— Roscoe  R.;  have  lost  one — Wil- 
lard  J.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Friends'  Church  ;  Republican.  1 

McKINNON,  AUGUST,  far.,  S.  29 ; 
P.  0.  Bangor.  | 

McCKACKEN,  WII^LrlAM, 

far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Bangor  ;  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ; 
born  in  Ireland  in  1823  ;  came  to 
America  in  1 846,  and  settled  in  A^irginia ; 
removed  to  this  county  in  1865.  Mar- 
ried Lucy  Hawthorne  in  1860  ;  she  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1840 ;  have 
four  children — John  R.,  William  J., 
Mary  J.  and  Anna  B.  Members  of  M. 
E.  Church  ;  Democrat. 

McKinnon,  L.,  Sr.,  far.,  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor. 

McKinnon,  L.,  Jr.,  far.,  Sec.  30  ;  P.  O. 
Bangor. 

Marshall,  C,  far.,  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0.  Union. 


MASON,  A.,  Sec.  7 ;  P.  0.  Bangor  ; 
owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S25 
per  acre  ;  born  in  Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1833  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1863,  and  set- 
led  in  Bangor  Tp.;  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent farm  in  1864.  Married  Margaret 
Hill  in  1857  ;  she  was  born  in  Randolph 
Co.,  Ind.;  have  five  children — Eva,  Ida, 
Ira,  Inda,  Alva.  Are  members  of  the 
Disciple  Church.  Mr.  M.  has  held  the 
oflBce  of  Justice  four  years  and  Con.sta- 
ble  three  years.     Republican. 

MIDDLETON,  B.  M.,  far.,  S.  2!) ; 
p.  O.  Albion  ;  owns  200  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Berke- 
ley Co.,  Va.,  in  1825  ;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1856,  and  settled  in  Marietta  Tp.;  re- 
moved to  his  present  farm  in  1877. 
Married  Mary  A.  Keiter  in  1846  ;  she 
was  born  in  Hampshire  Co.,  Va.,  in 
1828  ;  have  seven  children — Amanda 
Martin  L.,  Margaret  A.,  Jennie  L., 
Adda  I.,  Ella  J.  and  Frederick  K. 
Republican. 

Miller,  D.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

MILLER,  S.  M.,  farmer.  Sec.  30 ; 
P.  0.  Bangor ;  owns  ninety-six  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in 
Morgan  Co.,  111.,  in  1836  ;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1853,  and  settled  in  Bangor  Tp. 
Married  Elizabeth  Hockett  in  1862  ;  she 
was  born  in  Henry  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1841  ; 
have  two  children — Rose  Ella  and  Delia 
H.   Are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Miller,  W.  T.,  far.,  S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Mills,  Joseph  &  Mary,  farmers,  Sec.  32  ; 
P.O.  Albion. 

MILLS,  J.  W.,  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Al- 
bion ;  owns  320  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$30  per  acre ;  born  in  Coshocton  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1830  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1857, 
and  settled  in  Marietta ;  removed  to  hia 
present  farm  in  1864.  Married  Mary 
F.  Everist  in  1857  ;  she  was  born  in 
Maryland  in  1830  ;  have  seven  children 
— E.  F.,  Susie  A.,  Perry,  Minnie  B., 
James  Q.,  I^dy  D.  and  Emma.  Are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church  ;  Demo- 
crat. 

MOORE,  WM.  n..  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0. 
Stanford  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $40  per  acre  ;  born  in  Jackson  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1822  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1864, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  Mar- 
ried L.  White  in  1846  ;  she  was  born  in 
North    Carolina   in   1829  ;  have  seven. 


BANGOR  TOWNSHIP. 


647 


children — Margaret,  Thomas  J.,  Eliza 
J.,  Charles  H.,  Alvira,  William  and 
Marietta.  Are  members  of  the  Friends' 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Moorman,  T.,  far.,S.  Ki;  P.  O.  Bansor. 

Moran,  J.  F.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

PICKERING,  WILLIAM  R.,  far.,  S. 
17  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
PERRY,  WM.,  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0.  Ban- 
gor ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$35  per  acre  ;  born  in  England  in  1812  ; 
came  to  America  in  1855 ;  settled 
on  present  farm  in  1865.  Married 
Mary  Southern  in  1844  ;  she  was  born 
in  England  in  1821  ;  have  seven  children 
— Peter,  Elizabeth,  Jane,  Ellen,  Charlie, 
Luna  and  Minnie. 

RATCLIFF,  ISAAC,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P. 
0.  Bangor. 

RUDDICK,  ABSII.LETT,  Sec 
33 ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  owns  200  acres,  val- 
ued at  $S0  per  acre  ;  born  in  Bartholo- 
mew Co.,  Ind.,  in  1824  ;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1856,  and  settled  on  present  farm. 
Married  to  Wm.  C  Ruddick  in  1843  ; 
he  was  born  in  Jackson  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
1821,  and  died  in  1871  ;  have  three 
children — William  P.,  Isaac  and  Jessie 
Francis.  Are  members  of  the  Friends' 
Church. 

Russell,  C,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Ryon,  D.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

S'  PAKE,  H.,  far.,  S.  5;  P.  0.  Stan- 
ford. 

Spurcjeon,  J.,  for.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

STAXFIELD,  S.  V.,  Sec.  9^;  P. 
0.  Bangor  ;  owns  145  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in  Greene 
Co.,  Tenn.,  in  1820,  and  came  to  Iowa 
in  1858,  and  settled  in  Linn  Co. ;  re- 
moved to  his  present  farm  in  1868.  He 
married  Sarah  Baldwin  in  1843  ;  she 
was  born  in  Wayne  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1824  ; 
have  seven  children — Levi,  Isaac, 
Henry,  Eunice,  Elizabeth,  Thomas, 
Victor  and  Grant.  Are  members  of  the 
U.  B.  Church  ;  Republican. 

Stone,  C.  W.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Liscomb, 

TADLOCK,  T.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Ban- 
gor. 
Tally,  R.  C,  far.,  S.  15;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 
TETER,     GEORGE,     Postmaster 
and  dealer  in  general  merchandise,  Ban- 
gor ;  born  in  Ross  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1845  ; 


came  to  Iowa  in  1874,  and  engaged  in 
his  present  business.  Married  Mary  A. 
Passwatcr,  in  1869;  she  was  born  in 
Hamilton  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1850  ;  have  three 
childnm — E.  Thomas,  Lora  and  Carrie. 
Are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  Mr. 
T.  enlisted  in  Company  B,  136th  Indi- 
ana V.  I.,  in  1864,  and  was  discharged 
in  1864.     Republican. 

Thompson,  J.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Lis- 
comb. 

TURXER,  THOMAS  B.,  Sec. 
19;  P.  O.  Bangor;  owns  120  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in 
Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1829  ;  came 
to  Iowa  in  1864,  and  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent farm.  Married  Mary  Rinehart  in 
1864;  she  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1839;  have  three  children — Myrtie, 
Samuel  and  Bertie.  Enlisted  in  Com- 
pany F,  84th  Illinois  V.  I.,  in  1862, 
and  was  discharged  in  1863.  Is  a  Dem- 

WEATHERLY,  D.  E.,  far.,  S.  15  ; 
P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Weaver,  J.  &  J.,  fars..  Sec.  15 ;  P.  0.  Lis- 
comb. 

Whinery,  A.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Stanford. 

Whinery,  Ezra,  far.,  S.  7  ;    P.  0.  Bangor. 

Whinery,  S.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Whitaker,  A.W.,  far..  S.  28  ;  P.O.  Bangor. 

Whitaker,  J.  E.,  far.;  P.  0.  Albion. 

White,  G.  B.,  far.,  S.  4  ;    P.  0.  Stanford. 

WILIilTS,  J.  e.  v.,  dealer  in 
drugs  and  medicines,  Bangor  ;  born  in 
Howard  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1852;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1855,  and  settled  with  parents 
in  Bangor  Tp.;  engaged  in  his  present 
business  in  1877.    Republican. 

WiUits,  L.,  druggist,  Bangor. 

Wilson,  Dan.,  far.,  S.22;  P.  0.  Liscomb. 

Wilson,  H.  G.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

WOOTOX,  ISOM  P.,  Sec  7  ;  P. 
0.  Bangor;  owns  134  acres  of  land, 
valued  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Preble 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1836 ;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1855,  and  settled  in  Bangor  ;  removed 
to  his  present  farm  in  1866.  Married 
Margery  Kinzer  in  1860 ;  she  was 
born  in  Hendricks  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1835  ; 
have  two  children,  by  adoption — Waldo 
E.  and  Mary  H.  Mr.  Wooton  is  a 
minister  in  the  Society  of  Friends ;  Re- 
publican. 


648 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


TAYLOR    TOWNSHIP. 


A    KEN,  G.W.,  farmer. 

Al.LEX,  GEORGE  W.,  farmer, 
Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio,  in  184:-4;  his 
father,  George  Allen,  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania ;  was  taken  to  Ohio  when  quite 
young.  He  married  Eleanor  Taylor,  a 
native  of  Virginia  ;  she  now  resides  in 
this  township  ;  the  father  died  in  Seneca 
Cii..  Ohio,  where  the  family  resided  a 
short  time  previous  to  their  coming  to 
this  county,  which  they  did  in  1855, 
thus  being  amongst  the  first  to  settle  in 
this  township.  Mr.  G.  W.  A.,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  married  Rachel 
E.  Hubbard  in  thi.s  county  in  1874  ;  she 
was  born  in  Champaign  Co.,  111.,  in  the 
year  of  1 853  ;  they  have  two  children 
living — Horace,  born  in  this  township  in 
1876,  and  Rolla,  born  in  the  year  1877  ; 
lost  one  child — Frederick.  Mr.  Allen 
owns  130  acres  of  land.  Is  Republican 
in  politics. 

Andrews,  J.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Andrews,  W.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Axtell,  M.  M.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

BEESON,  W.  B.,  farmer,  Sec.  14  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 
BARNES,  M.  E.,  farmer.  Sec.  35 ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Sangamon 
Co.,  111.,  in  1838 ;  when  a  child,  he 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Lee  Co.,  111.; 
here  he  remained  until  the  breaking-out 
of  the  rebellion.  He  then  enlisted  in  Co. 
D,  34th  111.  V.  I.;  served  four  years, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  July  17, 
1865  ;  he  was  in  many  severe  engage- 
ments, among  them  being  the  battles  of 
Shiloh,  Corinth,  Battle  Creek,  Louis- 
ville, Perryville,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge,  Lookout  Mountain,  siege  of 
Knoxville  ;  served  as  veteran  ;  returned 
home  on  thirty  days'  furlough,  at  the 
end  of  which  time  he  returned  and 
joined  his  regiment,  and  went  through 
the  Atlanta  campaign  and  siege  of  that 
place  and  the  battles  of  Savannah,  Ben- 
tonvilleand  Raleigh;  previous  to  being  in 
the  latter  named  battles,  he  was  in  the 


battle  of  Jonesboro.  The  war  being  over 
and  peace  restored,  he  returned  to  his 
home  in  Lee  Co.,  111.,  and  married  Miss 
Lucy  Bixby  Aug.  10,  1865;  she  was 
born  in  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  6, 
1843  ;  they  have  had  five  children — 
Wallace  H.,born  April  28, 1866  ;  Alice 
May,  born  July  8,  1868,  died  May  2, 
1870;  Herbert  S.,  born  Dec.  25,  1869, 
died  March  25,  1870;  George  G.,  born 
Sept.  27,  1871 ;  Robert  R.,  born  Sept. 
24,  1875.  Mr.  Barnes  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican. Has  held  various  local  oflices. 
Owns  240  acres  of  land.  He  and  family 
are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He 
had  one  brother  in  the  army,  Henry ; 
he  enlisted  in  Co.  D,  34th  111.  V.  I.;  he 
died  in  the  service  during  the  Atlanta 
campaign,  and  sleeps  in  Southern  soil. 

BEE  BE,  HENRY,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town  ;  born  in  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Aug. 
15,  1823;  in  1851,  hearing  the  glowing 
reports  of  the  gold  fields  of  California, 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  that  land  of 
gold ;  his  success  being  indifiierent,  he 
remained  only  about  one  year.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Adeline  Curtis  in  Addison  Co., 
Vt.;  she  was  born  in  New  Hampshire ; 
they  settled  in  Clinton  Co.,  this  State, 
in  1853,  being  amongst  the  first  to  set- 

'  tie  in  that  county ;  at  that  time  the 
ground  on  which  the  city  of  Clinton  is  • 
now  located  was  a  cornfield  ;  they  have 
three  children — George  Henry  (married 
Miss  L.  Reed  ;  they  reside  in  Marshall- 
town),  Fred  W.  and  Edwin  J.  Mr. 
Beebe  owns  160  acres  of  land;  he  also 
owns  city  property  in  Marshalltown  to 
the  value  of  $5,000.  He  and  family 
are  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church  ;  he  is  a  stanch  Republican, 
and  has  always  been  opposed  to  slavery. 
Previous  to  moving  to  this  county,  they 
lived  in  Cedar  Rapids  eight  years  ;  they 
moved  to  this  county  from  Cedar  Rapids 
in  1875  ;  lived  in  Marshalltown  one 
year ;  then  moved  on  his  present  farm, 
which  is  nicely  located  and  finely  im- 
proved. 

BellefiuUe,  P.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town) 

Brown,  C,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 


TAYLOR  TOWNSHIP. 


649 


Brown,  D.,  far.,  S.  12 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Brown,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Brown,  John,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Brown.  L.,  for.,  S.  12 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Bowen,  S.,far.,  S.  36;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Brown,  T.,  far.,  S.  13 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

CARNAHAN,  DAVID,  far.,  S.  1 ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 
Catlitt,  T.,  lab.,  Marshalltown. 

DAY,  JA3IES  A.,  far.,  S  12;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 
DEKT,  THORXTON,  farmer.  Sec. 

2  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  Mr.  Dent  was 
born  in  this  township  Dec.  11,  1856. 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Ellsbury  in  this 
township  Dec.  13,  1877  ;  she  was  born 
in  Rock  Island  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  30, 1858. 
They  own  fifty-six  acres  of  land.  Thorn- 
ton Dent's  father,  Robert  Dent,  was  a 
native  of  England  ;  he  was  brought  to 
this  country  by  his  parents  when  he  was 

3  years  of  age ;  he  came  to  this  county 
in  1855,  and  married  Miss  M.  J.  Hub- 
bard ;  she  was  a  native  of  Ohio.  During 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  he  enlisted  in 
an  Iowa  regiment,  and  defended  the  flag 
of  his  country  in  many  severe  engage- 
ments ;  he  was  killed  in  battle  at  Milli- 
ken's  Bend,  and  sleeps  in  a  soldier's 
grave,  one  of  the  many  that  gave  up 
their  lives  freely  that  the  Union  might 
be  preserved.  Mr.  T.  Dent  is  an  earnest 
Republican,  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the 
word. 

ICKSON,  JOHX,  former  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  was 
born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1819. 
He  married  Miss  Catherine  Ann  Boy- 
den  in  his  native  county  ;  she  was  also  a 
native  of  Greene  Co.  ;  they  moved  to 
this  county  in  1856  ;  they  have  nine 
children — Minerva  Ann  (she  married 
W.  R.  Brush ;  they  reside  in  Marshall- 
town  ),  Mary  Elizabeth  (she  married  N. 
Z.  Cozens  ;  they  reside  in  Colorado), 
Martha  C.  fshe  married  T.  J.  Cornell ; 
they  live  on  Sec.  27,  this  township), 
Vernissa  Jane  ( she  married  H.  A.  Ernes ; 
they  reside  on  Sec.  27,  this  township), 
James  Henderson,  William  H.  (he  mar- 
ried Miss  Ella  Troughman  ;  he  is  a  mer- 
chant in  Albion),  John  Westley,  Hattie 
F.  F.  I.  I.  E.  A.  A.  and  Melzar  Monro. 
Mr.  Dickson  and  family  are  members  of 


the  Presbyterian  Church ;  politically, 
Mr.  Dickson  has  been  a  Republican 
since  the  organization  of  that  party.  He 
is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Iowa,  and  has 
grown  with  the  growth  of  the  State,  as 
the  improvements  on  his  farm  bear  tes- 
timony of;  in  the  door-yard  stands  a 
cotton-wood  tree  that  ho  set  out  the  first 
year  he  came  here  ;  at  present  writing  it 
measures  9  ft.  2'  in.  in  circumference. 

DILLER,  SAMUEL.  B.,  farmer. 
Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  Albion ;  born  in  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Penn.,  Nov.  5,  1819.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Kritzer  in  Clear- 
field Co.,  Penn.,  in  1851  ;  she  was  born 
in  Clinton  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1833;  they 
moved  to  this  county  in  1857  ;  lived  in 
Albion  one  year,  and  then  moved  on  their 
present  farm ;  they  have  two  children 
living — Alfred  C.  (he  married  Miss 
Marietta  Lane  ;  they  reside  in  Liscomb 
Tp. ) ;  Mary  M. ;  lost  two — George  M. 
and  John  S.  Mr.  Diller  and  family  are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  He 
owns  120  acres  of  land,  and  is  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics. 

Draper,  N.  P.,  far. ;  P.  0.   Marshalltown. 

Durocher,  0.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
EAMES,  H.  A.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Al- 
bion. 

Eckles,  C,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  O.  Marshall- 
town. 

EHLE,  A.  D,,  farm  and  dairy,  Sec. 
3 ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  was  born  in 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  14, 
1839."  Married  Miss  Martha  Fox  in 
Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct  24,  1866 ; 
they  have  one  child^Harry,  born  in 
Schoharie  Co.  Sept.  14,  1868;  they 
moved  to  Marshalltown,  this  county,  in 
the  Fall  of  1871,  remaining  there  one 
year,  at  the  end  of  which  time,  they 
moved  on  their  present  farm  ;  they  own 
120  acres  of  land.  In  politics,  Mr.  Ehle 
is  a  Republican ;  religiously,  he  is  inde- 
pendent. His  father,  Daniel  Ehle,  was 
a  native  of  New  York,  and  served  under 
Gen.  Jackson  in  our  war  with  England 
in  1812.  He  married  Miss  M.  M. 
Cornue.  Mrs.  Elile's  father,  Charles  F. 
Fox,  was  also  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  married  Miss  Catherine  Wagner. 
Her  father,  P.  P.  Wagner,  also  served 
in  the  war  of  1812.  The  family  have 
in  their  possession   a   cane   taken  from 


650 


DIRBCTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY; 


Commodore  Perry's  flag  ship,  Lawrence, 
which  was  sunk  in  the  naval  conflict 
on  Lake  Erie ;  it  was  finally  raised  in 
1875,  and  the  family  obtained  possess- 
ion of  the  cane,  and  keep  it  as  a  relic  of 
the  second  whipping  we  gave  England. 

Ellsbury,  J.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Ernst,  S.  K.,far.,  S.  2;  P.O.  Marshall-town. 

ERNST,  WILLIAM,  farmer.  Sec. 
11;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Perry 
Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  28,  1831  ;  when  he 
wa»  2  years  of  age,  his  parents 
moved  to  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio,  taking 
William  with  them  ;  here  he  remained 
until  Sept.,  1851,  when  he  went  to  Ken- 
dall Co.,  Ill,  where  he  met  and  married 
Miss  Sarah  Cooney  Sept.  20,  1854  ;  she 
was  borti  in  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March 
16,  1832;  they  have  three  children — 
Daniel  Calvin,  born  in  Kendall  Co.,  111., 
Oct.  9,  1857  ;  Lee  Grant,  born  in  Ken- 
dall Co.,  111.,  Jan.  18,  1864,  and  George 
William,  born  in  this  county  Oct.  25, 
1866.  Mr.  Ernst  moved  on  his  present 
farm  in  Feb.,  1865  ;  he  purchased  it  in 
Dec,  1864;  owns  330  acres  of  land. 

Esstelle,  A.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

EWRY,  JOHX  W.,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown;  born  in  Tippecanoe  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1844  ;  he  resided  at  home  in 
that  county  until  1855  ;  he  then  moved 
to  this  county  with  his  parents.  Married 
Miss  Lucretia  V.  Allen  in  Marshalltown 
in  1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Tuscarawas 
Co.,  Ohio,  June  24,  1847;  they  have 
three  children — Lillian,  Georgiana  and 
Millicent,  all  of  whom  were  born  in  this 
county  ;  lost  two  children — Lewis,  died 
aged  2  years  and  6  days  ;  one  child  died 
in  infancy  not  named.  Mr.  Ewry  has 
principally  engaged  in  farming.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics. 

Ewry,  S.,  for.,  S.  15  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

FOGG,  AI>NA,  farmer,  Sec.  26; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown;  born  in  Salem 
Co.,  N.  J.,  June  15,  1828;  when  he 
was  1  year  old,  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  where 
he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Andrews 
Aug.  29,  1850;  she  was  born  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio,  March  27,  1834; 
shortly  after  they  were  married  they 
moved  to  Jefferson  Co.,  this  State,  re- 
maining until  1856,  when  they  moved  to 
this  county  ;  they  have  three  child'-en — 


Edward  B.,  born  in  Columbiana  Co.  r 
Marianna,  born  in  Columbiana  Co. ;  she 
married  E.  T.  Maulsby ;  they  reside  in 
Vienna  Tp.,  this  county;  Martha  Ellen, 
born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  this  State.  Mr. 
Fogg  owns  130  acres  of  land.  He  and 
the  family  are  members  of  the  Friends' 
Society,  in  which  society  he  has  been 
Overseer  a  number  of  years.  Politically, 
Mr.  Fogg  is  a  Republican,  and  was 
always  an  enemy  to  human  slavery 
FOSTER,  JOHN  J.,  farmer  and 
dealer  in  pure-bred  Poland-China  swine. 
Sec.  3;  P.  0.  Marshalltown;  he  always 
has  a  large  stock  of  first-class  pigs  for 
sale  and  ready  to  ship ;  also  yearling 
sows  and  gelts,  all  well  formed,  pure 
bred,  and  are  models  of  this  unequaled 
breed  of  swine ;  these  pigs  have  been 
bred  with  great  care,  and  can  be  relied 
on  as  healthy,  vigorous  and  profitable  ; 
he  has  a  large  stock  to  select  from,  and 
parties  wishing  the  Poland-China  stock 
jmre  should  call  on  him,  or  send  for 
prices ;  orders  re<|uiring  him  to  select 
for  purchasers  living  at  a  distance  will  be 
filled  in  their  turn,  but  he  much  prefers 
that  purchasers  should  call  and  examine 
for  themselves ;  he  has  devoted  a  good 
deal  of  time  and  attention  to  the  improve- 
ment of  this  stock  ;  wp  have  no  doubt 
but  that  this  excellent  breed  of  swine 
will  be  appreciated,  as  they  possess  every 
qualification  that  can  insure  popularity, 
and  can  challenge  comparison  with  any 
other  breed  whatever  for  all  the  valuable 
points  which  make  swine  desirable  or 
profitable  ;  they  can  be  had  at  i-eason- 
able  figures.  Mr.  Foster  was  born  in 
Knox  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  25, 1849,  where  he 
married  Miss  Rachel  Bell  March  28, 
1874;  she  was  born  iu  Madison  Co., 
Ohio ;  they  moved  to  this  county  in 
1876;  have  four  children — Lora,  Harry, 
Philander  and  Jessie.  Mr.  Foster  is 
Republican  iu  politics  ;  religiously,  he 
is  independent.  Owns  eighty-four  acres 
of  land.  His  father,  William  E.  Foster, 
was  born  near  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in  1818 ; 
he  went  to  Knox  Co.,  111.,  when  quite 
young.  He  married  Miss  S.  Arnold  iu 
Knox  Co. ;  she  was  born  in  New  York ; 
they  live  in  Knox  Co.,  111.,  where  they 
own  240  acres  of  land,  and  are  passing 
the  declining  years  of  their  life  in  ease 
and  comfort. 


TAYLOR  TOWNSHIP. 


651 


GARD,  ISAAC,  far.,  Sec.  16;  P.  0. 
Marshfilltown. 

Oillespie,  J.,  far.,  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

^liAZE,  J.  W.,  farmer,  Sec.  1 ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Brown  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1819;  in  1852,  he  moved  to 
Macon  Co.,  where  he  remained  about 
thirteen  years,  when  he  moved  to  this 
county.  He  married  Miss  Cathrine 
Reed  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio;  she  was 
born  in  1825  ;  they  have  four  children  liv- 
ing— Mary  (she  married  Frank  Owens), 
Alexander  (he  married  Eliza  Gibson), 
John  C,  Sarah  (she  married  Frank 
Wilson  ;  he  enlisted  in  an  Illinois  regi- 
ment,   and    died   in   the  service   at  St. 

•  Louis,  Mo.)  Mr.  Glaze  owns  118  acres 
of  land.  Is  Republican  in  politics  ;  he 
and  his  family  are  members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church. 

Gengrich,  E.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

HARDEN,  MARK,  far.,   S.   16;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Harrison,  Hubbard,  far.,  S.  10 ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

Havens,  A.,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Harvey,  Brice,  far.,  S.  16;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

HAVENS,  DANIEL,  farmer,  S. 
27 ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Delaware 
Co.  May  2,  1832,  where  he  married 
Miss  Jane  Cowgill  in  1856  ;  they  moved 
to  this  county  in  1860  ;  they  have  two 
children — Jennie,  born  in  this  county, 
and  Albert,  also  born  in  this  county. 
Mr.  Havens  owns  119  acres  of  land. 
He  and  family  are  members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church  ;  in  politics  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  faithful  to  his  convictions  of 
right.  He  is  an  earnest  and  industrious 
man,  a  good  citizen  and  worthy  friend 
and  neighbor. 

Harvey,  H.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Harvey,  S.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Holcomb,  A.,  far.,  3. 12  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

HOIililNC^SWORTH,  S.,  far., 
Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown;  born  in 
Union  Co.,  Ind.,  on  the  31st  of  Janu- 
uary,  1830;  when  he  was  about  6 
years   of    age,   his   parents   moved    to 


Boone  Co.,  Ind.,  where  our  subject  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Hixon  in  1852  ; 
she  was  a  native  of  Ohio ;  they  moved 
to  this  county  in  1862  ;  they  have  three 
children — Milton  E.,  born  Sept.  26, 
1853;  he  mamed  Miss  Mary  J.  Pang- 
burn  Oct.  10,  1877  ;  she  was  born  in 
this  county  May  10,  1857  ;  Sylvester 
J.,  born  in  Boone  Co.,  Ind.,  Sept.  22, 
1856 ;  he  is  Republican  in  politics  ; 
Samantha,  born  in  Boone  Co.,  Ind., 
July  20,  1858.  Mr.  Hollingsworth 
owns  86 1  acres  of  land.  Is  Republican 
in  politics,  and  himself  and  family  are 
members  of  Orthodox  Church. 

Horner,  M.  E.,  lab.,  Marshalltdwn. 

HUBBARD,  THORNTON, 
farmer  and  stock  raiser;  Sec.  10;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Madison  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1815,  where  he  married  Miss 
Rachel  Helphenstine  in  1836  ;  she  was 
born  in  Madison  Co.,  in  1813;  the  same 
year  they  were  married  they  moved  to 
Hardin  Co.,  where  they  lived  seven 
years ;  they  then  moved  to  Pickaway  Co., 
Ohio,  remaining  about  nine  years,  when 
they  moved  to  Champaign  Co.,  111.,  re- 
maining two  years  ;  moved  from  there 
to  this  county  in  1854  ;  they  have  five 
children  living — Elizabeth  (married  J. 
H.  Ham),  Melinda  J.  (married  Robert 
Dent,  who  was  killed  in  the  army ;  her 
present  husband  is  John  Havens),  Har- 
rison (married  Miss  Haven),  Taylor 
(married  Miss  M.  Butts),  Rachel  E. 
(married  G.  W.  Allen).  Mr.  Hubbard 
owns  392  acres  of  land.  Republican  ; 
he  and  his  family  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church.  He  has  held  various 
local  ofl&ces ;  by  a  life  of  industry  and 
attention  to  his  business,  he  has  accu- 
mulated a  liberal  property  that  places 
him  among  the  well-to-do  men  of  the 
West. 

Hunsche,  Fred.,  far.,  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

KAYS,  JOHN,  far.,  Sec.  16  ;    P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

Keeler,  Anson,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Keeler,  Geo.,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
LANE,  L.  C,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ;    P.   0. 
Marshalltown. 

Lane,  M.  A.,  far.,  S.  1 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 


652 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Lane,  0.  N.,  far.,  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
tow  u. 
LANE,  R.  H.,  farmer,  S.  12  ;    P.  0. 

Marshalltown  ;  owns  86  acres  of  land  ; 
he  is  a  native  of  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio  ;  born 
in  1 832 ;  came  to  this  county  in  1 853. 
He  married  Miss  Harriett  Nelson  in 
this  county ;  she  was  born  in  Mich- 
igan, on  the  28th  of  Oct.,  1833  ;  the 
names  of  their  children  who  are  living 
are  Ata  Mabel  (married  to  J.  W.  Brown), 
N.  Grant,  Harriet  E.,  Fred  Earl, 
Daniel  Alonzo ;  lost  three  children — 
John  Henry,  Mary  Louisa,  Isaac 
Augustus.  Mr.  Lane  is  Republican  in 
politics,  and  holds  faithful  allegiance  to 
that  organization ;  the  records  show 
he  has  held  various  local  offices  ;  he  is 
generous,  reasonable,  prompt  and  relia- 
ble in  all  his  business  relations.  May 
abundant  prosperity  crown  his  years 
with  peace. 

Lehman,  A.  S.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Long,  I.  N.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

LOUCKN,  GEORGE  L.,  fai ,  S. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  was  born  in 
this  township  on  the  12th  of  March, 
1856.  He  married  Miss  Bell  Rice  in 
this  county  on  the  27th  of  December, 
1877  ;  she  was  born  in  New  York  on 
the  27th  of  March,  1856.  They  are 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church; 
politically,  Mr.  Loucks  is  a  Republican. 
His  father,  A.  Loucks,  was  a  native  of 
New  York ;  he  married  Miss  Jane 
Collier ;  they  came  to  this  county  in 
1844  or  1845,  thus  becoming  one  of  the 
pioneer  families  of  Marshall  Co. 

Lloyd,  John,  far.,  8.  34 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Lloyd,  Joshua,  far.,  S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

McCLEERY,  JOSEPH,  far.,  S.  10  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

McLellan,  N.,  far.,  S.  33  ;    P.  0.  Albion. 

McMeekin,  John,  far.,  S.  3;  P.O.  Albion. 

Maulsby,  B.,  far.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Maulsby,  T.,  far.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Malmsberry,  I.,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

MESSENGER,  E.  N.,  farmer,  S. 
12;  P.O.    Marshalltown;    owns   302^ 


acres  of  land ;  was  born  in  Portage  Co.,^ 
Ohio,  on  the  28th  of  Sept.,  1821.  He 
married  Miss  Marrietta  Holcomb  in 
Portage  Co.,  on  the  19th  of  May,  1846; 
she  was  born  in  the  aforesaid  county 
the  19th  of  Oct.,  1826 ;  they  moved  to 
to  this  county  and  settled  on  their 
present  farm  in  1855,  thus  becoming 
one  of  the  pioneer  families  in  this 
county  ;  they  have  two  children — Almira 
E.,  born  in  Portage  Co.,  Ohio ;  she 
married  John  B.  Clossen  in  this  town- 
ship on  Dec.  30,  1870  ;  he  was  born  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  April  30,  1846 ; 
came  with  his  father  to  Lee  Co.,  111.,  in 
1850  ;  he  remaitaed  in  Lee  Co.,  111.,  till 
Jan.,  1864.  He  then  enlisted  in  Co.  D, 
34th  111.  V.  I. ;  he  served  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
July  15,  1865  ;  he  was  in  many  severe 
engagements,  among  them  being  the 
battles  of  Buzzard  Roost,  Resaca,  Rome, 
Peach  Tree,  and  all  through  to  Atlanta. 
They  live  on  See.  30,  Vienna  Tp.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Clossen  is  a  firm  Repub- 
lican. Second  child  was  W.  W.  Mes- 
senger ;  he  married  Miss  Drusilla 
Brown  ;  they  reside  in  this  township. 
Mr.  E.  N.  Messinger  is  Republican  in 
politics.  He  came  to  this  county  with 
scarcely  anything,  and  he  has  by  his 
own  industry  accumulated  a  large 
property. 

Mills,  W.  D.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

MODLIN,  GEORGE,  farmer.  Sec. 
34  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Henry 
Co.,  Ind.,  July  27,  1839;  when  he  was 
10  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved  to 
Blackford  Co.,  Ind.,  where  they  re- 
mained until  1856  ;  they  then  moved  to 
this  State,  and  settled  in  Grundy  Co., 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  re- 
mained until  1862,  when  he  went  to 
Story  Co.,  where  he  married  Miss  Mar- 
tha Pearson  Jan.  5,  1862  ;  she  was  born 
in  Henry  Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  3,  1844 ;  they 
remained  in  Story  Co.  about  two  years,, 
when  they  moved  to  Grundy  Co.,  re- 
maining there  until  1866,  when  they 
moved  to  this  county ;  they  have  five 
children — Miss  R.  R.,  born  in  Grundy 
Feb.  12,  1866;  Leonard,  born  in  this 
county  Jan.  29,  1869  ;  Laban,  born  in 
this  county  in  1871  ;  Luther,  born  Sept. 
29,  1873  ;  Mary,  born  in  this  county 


TAYLOR  TOWNSHIP. 


65S 


April  14,  1876.  Mr.  Modlin  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land.  In  politics,  he  is 
Republican  ;  religiously,  he  is  Liberal, 
believing  in  the  greatest  good  for  all. 
His  father,  Mark  Modlin,  was  a  native 
of  Wayne  Co.,  Ind.  ;  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Radcliffe ;  they  reside  in  Grundy 
Co.,  this  State,  and  are  one  of  the  pio- 
neer families  of  that  county.  Mrs.  Geo. 
Modlin's  father,  J.  Pearson,  was  also  a 
native  of  Indiana ;  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Lamb ;  she  at  present  resides  in 
this  county  ;  he  died  in  this  county  Sept. 
2,  1868  ;  they  were  one  of  the  pioneer 
families  of  this  State,  coming  to  it  in 
1851,  and  having  to  endure  all  the  pri- 
vations and  hardships  that  early  settlers 
-  must  undergo  in  a  new  and  unsettled 
country. 

Moffatt,  J.,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

MOXTOOMERY,    JOHX, 

REV.,  Sec.  3;  P.O.  Marshalltown ; 
born  in  Mercer  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  25, 
1825 ;  attended  school  at  Ellsworth, 
Ohio,  and  Allegheny  College,  at  Mead- 
ville,  Penn. ;  when  he  attained  his  ma- 
jority, he  was  licensed  Methodist  Epis- 
copal minister.  He  married  Miss  S.  M. 
Price  in  Mercer  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1850  ; 
they  moved  to  Jackson  Co.,  this  State, 
in  1854,  in  which  county  he  labored  in 
a  ministerial  capacity  until  1855  ;  he 
then  was  ordained  ;  moved  to  Davenport 
and  had  pastoral  charge  of  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  at  that  place  one  year, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  he  moved  to 
Marion,  Linn  Co.,  where  he  had  pastoral 
charge  two  years  ;  thence  to  Albion,  this 
county,  where  he  was  Pastor  until  1860  ; 
after  this  time  he  labored  successively 
and  continuously  in  Webster  City,  Ham- 
ilton Co.,  Pleasant  Hill  Church,  Jackson 
Co.,  and  Andrew,  which  was  the  county 
seat  ot  Jackson  at  that  time  ;  in  1866, 
he  moved  on  to  his  farm,  which  is 
located  on  Sec.  3,  this  township  ;  since 
he  moved  here,  he  has  had  charge  of 
the  church  at  this  place  two  years.  In 
looking  over  the  records,  we  find  that 
Mr.  Montgomery  has  held  various  local 
offices  ;  he  is  one  of  the  present  Board  of 
Township  Trustees.  Since  his  boyhood, 
his  life  has  been  one  earnest  and  per- 
sistent effort;  he  deals  honorably  and 
walks  uprightly — the  most  that  can  be 
said  of  aay  mortal. 


Montgomery,  J.  H., far..  S.  36;  P.O.  Albion. 

Montgomery,  W.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Moon,  G.  W.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltowu. 

Moon,  J.  L.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

MOORK,  YVIIil.IAM,  iarmer.  Sec. 
36  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltowu  ;  born  in  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Penn.,  in  1817;  in  1847,  he 
moved  to  Carroll  Co.,  111.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  blacksmithing,  which  trade  he 
followed  several  years ;  he  moved  from 
Carroll  Co.  to  this  county.  He  has  been 
married  three  times ;  his  present  wife 
was  Malviua  Evans.  He  owns  165 
acres  of  land  in  this  county,  and  200 
in  Carroll  Co.,  111.  Religiously  and 
politically,  he  is  independent.  He 
began  blacksmithing  when  he  was  18 
years  of  age,  with  scarcely  anything  ;  he 
has  by  his  own  exertion  and  industry 
acquired  sufficient  to  insure  comfort  the 
balance  of  his  life. 

RANDALL,  ADALIE,  far.,  S.  25  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltowu. 

Reed  J.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltowu. 

REED,  WIIiEIAM,  farmer,  Sec. 
36  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltowu  ;  born  in  Brown 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1823,  where  he  remained 
until  1846;  he  then  moved  to  Knox 
Co.,  111.,  remaining  there  until  1854, 
when  he  moved  to  this  county,  thus  be- 
coming one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
Marshall  Co.  He  married  Miss  A. 
Pangburne,  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1844 ;  she  was  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Dec. 
13,  1823 ;  they  have  four  children — 
John,  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov. 
10, 1845  ;  W.  S.,  born  in  Knox  Co.,  111., 
March  10,  1847  ;  he  married  Miss  Alice 
Brown;  he  was  in  the  44th  I.  V.  I.  dur- 
the  war  of  the  rebellion  ;  Nelson,  born 
in  Knox  Co.  111.,  Feb.  22, 1852,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  A.  Stephens;  H.  W.,  born  in 
this  county,  July  30,  1859.  Mr.  Reed 
owns  170  acres  of  land.  Is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  himself  and  family  are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  which 
he  is  a  Class  Leader.  He  is  always  will- 
ing to  assist  in  every  enterprise  in  his 
community,  and  is  faithful  to  his  convic- 
tions of  right. 

ROBIXSOIV,  A.  A.,  farmer,  Sec. 
25  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltowu  ;  born  in  Wind- 
ham Co.,  Conn.,  June  1,  1843;  in  the 
Spring  of  1861 ,  he  went  to  Hartford,  re- 
maining there  until  the  Spring  of  1865. 


654 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


He  then  went  to  Lee  Co.,  111.,  where  he 
married  Miss  Mary  Jane  Colton  Jan.  1, 
18t!7  ;  she  ^tas  born  in  Hartford  Co., 
Conn.;  they  have  three  children — How- 
ard A.,  Minnie  M.  and  Benjamin  F. 
They  moved  to  this  county  on  their 
present  farm  in  187U.  Mr.  Robinson  and 
family  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church  ;  he  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 
The  township  records  show  that  he  has 
held  various  local  oflSces  ;  he  was  elected 
Assessor  in  the  Fall  of  1875,  of  which 
office  he  has  been  the  incumbent  since. 
He  owns  160  acres  of  land.  He  takes 
an  active  interest  in  working  for  the  suc- 
cess of  whatever  he  believes  to  be  right. 
"Success  and  long  life  be  his  reward." 

STEWARD,  A.,  far.,  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 
SAXTEE,  E.  M.,  farmer.  Sec.  26  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Luzerne 
Co.,  Penn.,  in  1838.  Went  to  Lee  Co., 
111.,  in  1860,  where  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Evans  in  1866  ;  she  was  born  in 
Columbia  Co.,  Penn.;  they  moved  to 
this  county  in  1868.  During  the  war 
of  the  rebellion,  Mr.  Santee  enlisted  in 
Co.  F,  1st  111.  Light  Artillery  ;  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war  and  was  hon- 
orably discharged.  He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics  ;  he  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  Church.  They  own 
160  acres  of  land.  There  were  three 
of  Mr.  Santee's  brothers  in  the  army — 
William,  who  was  Surgeon  in  a  Penn- 
sylvania r«giment ;  Willard,  whi»  served 
in  a  New  York  regiment,  and  Joseph 
who  served  in  a  Pennsylvania  cavalry 
regiment ;  Mrs.  Santee  had  one  brother 
in  the  army  ( Mark  M.  Evans)  ;  he 
served  in  an  Illinois  regiment  and  was 
promoted  through  the  different  grades 
to  that  of  Captaih. 


STEWARD,  W.  H.,  farmer  and 
stook  raiser,  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town  ;  he  is  a  native  of  Trumbull  Co., 
Ohio ;  born  in  1829  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1855  ;  owns  516  acres  of  land  in  this 
township,  and  a  considerable  number  in 
Grundy  Co.,  this  State.  In  politics  he 
is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  is  faithful 
to  his  principles,  and  is  closely  identified 
with  the  interests  of  the  county,  and  the 
records  show  that  he  has  served  his 
township    in    various    local    offices ;  in 

1872,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
County    Board    of   Supervisors,  and  in 

1873,  was  elected  President  of  said 
board,  of  which  office  he  is  still  the  in- 
cumbent. He  is  social  in  his  nature,  be- 
nevolent and  scrupulously  conscientious 
in  what  he  knows  to  be  right.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Gr.  Evans,  in  George 
Co.,  Ohio,  of  which  county  she  was  a 
native  ;  she  was  born  in  1833  ;  they 
have  had  seven  children — Mary,  Martha, 
Alfred  S.,  Frankie,  died  at  the  age  of 
12  years  ;  Myra,  Gracie,  William,  and 
Evans ;  they  were  all  born  in  this 
county. 

Summers,  E.  A.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

SUMMERS,  G.  F.,  teacher,  S.  35  ; 
born  in  Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  in  1850; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1860,  and  settled  in 
Tama  Co.;  moved  to  this  county  in  1861. 
Republican. 

WASHINGTON,  GEORGE,  far.,  S. 
16;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 
Webber,  J.  M.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
Wetherby,  E.  C,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 
Wilson,  E.  L.,  far..  Sec.  2 ;   P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 


MARION  TOWNSHIP. 


655 


MARION    TOWNSHIP. 


ACKP]RLY,  GEORGE,    farmer;    P. 
O.  Marshalltown. 
Adauison,  A.,  far.;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 
Adamson,  Jas.,  far.;  P.  0.   Marshalltown. 

BATY,  JAMES,  farmer,  Sec.    8;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Belmore,  Joseph,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

Bishop,  Cyrus,  far.,  S.  15;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

BOVEJE,  MARK,  farmer,  Sec.  15; 
P.  0.  Green  Mountain  ;  born  in  Cale- 
donia Co.,  Vt.,  April  10,  1836,  where 
he  remained  until  1854;  he  then  went 
to  California,  and  followed  mining  on 
the  North  Fork  of  the  xVmerican  River  ; 
he  also  mined  on  the  Feather  River  ; 
remained  in  California  until  the  Summer 
of  1857 ;  then  returned  to  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt.,  in  which  place  he  married  Miss 
Jane  Ann  Varnum  Jan.  23,  1862  ;  she 
also  was  a  native  of  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.; 
she  was  born  May  18,  1837 ;  they 
moved  to  this  county  in  1865 ;  they 
have  six  children — George  M.,  Phina 
E.,  Luella  Jane,  Flora  Ette,  Thaddeus 
F.  and  Mary  S.  Mr.  Bovee  owns  175 
acres  of  land.  Is  Republican  in  politics  ; 
is  one  of  the  present  Board  of  Town- 
ship Trustees.  Himself  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church. 

BOVEE,  MOSES  C,  ftumer,  Sec. 
V  11  ;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  born  in 
/\  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  Aug.  23,  1831, 
where  he  remained  until  1851.  when, 
hearing  the  glowing  reports  of  the  dis- 
coveiy  of  gold  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  he 
determined  to  brave  all  the  dangers  and 
endure  all  the  hardships  that  were  inci- 
dental to  a  gold-seeker's  life  ;  he  arrived 
in  California  and  followed  mining  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  American  River, 
and  at  a  place  called  Washington  Flats, 
with  fair  success ;  he  remained  in  Cali- 
fornia until  1854;  he  then  returned  to 
his  native  place,  remaining  until  April, 
1855,  when  he  came  to  this  State,  and 
after  traveling  over  the  Southern  portion 
of  it,  located  in  this  county.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  A.  Ferguson,  in  this 
county,  April  26,  1861 ;  she  was  born 
in  Decatur  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  28,  1838; 
they  have  six    children    living — Frank 


L.,  Helen  Elizabeth,  Mary  Adda,  Kattie 
D.,  Jo.sephine  and  Charles.  Mr.  Bovee 
owns  320  acres  of  land,  and  is  Repub- 
lican in  politics. 

Bovee,  C.  J.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

Bowler,  Alex.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Bower,  Webster,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
phalltown. 

Bowles,  A.,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

BRADBrRY,  J.  R.,  farmer.  Sec. 
14  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  York- 
shire, England,  May  9,  1850  ;  at  the 
age  of  4  years,  his  parents  came  to  Knox 
Co.,  111.,  where  they  remained  about 
five  years ;  they  then  moved  to  this 
county,  our  subject  remaining  with 
them.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Brock 
in  this  township  Dec.  20,  1873  ;  she 
was  born  in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt. ;  they 
have  one  child — Roy,  born  in  this  town- 
ship. Mr.  Biadbury  is  a  Republican  in 
politics.  He  owns  120  acres  of  land 
His  father,  R.  Bradbury,  was  a  native 
of  Yorkshire,  England.  He  married 
Miss  Ann  Shaw.  He  died  shortly  after 
coming  to  this  county. 

Brock,  A.  H.,  far.,  S.  15;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

Brown,  H.,  for.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

BROCK,  JOEL,  JR.,  farmer,  S 
26 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Cale- 
donia Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  22,  1836  ;  in  the 
Spring  of  1856,  he  went  to  Stark  Co., 
111.,  where  he  remained  until  the  Fall  of 
the  same  year  ;  he  then  came  to  this 
county.  Married  Miss  Hannah  Reed  in 
this  county  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio ; 
they  have  five  children — Walton,  Hen- 
ry, Clara,  Frederick  and  Arthur.  Mr. 
Brock  owns  lOl  acres  of  land.  He 
is  a  Republican  in  politics  ;  in  religion, 
he  is  independent.  He  has  been  Con- 
stable ten  years,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
present  Board  of  Township  Trustees  ; 
he  has  also  held  various  local  ofiices. 

BROCK,  JOEL,  SR.,  farmer.  Sec. 
15;  P.   O.   Green   Mountain;  born    in 
Caledonia   Co.,    Vt.,  in  1807,  where  1^ 
remained  until   1851;  he  then  wenr  t,. 


656 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


California  and  followed  ruining  on  the 
north  f(irk  of  the  American  River  until 
1853,  whon  he  returned  to  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt. ;  came  West,  and  settled  in 
this  ct)unty  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year. 
He  has  been  married  twice  ;  first  wife 
was  Jcanette  Harvey ;  they  were  mar- 
ried in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  April  15, 
1835  ;  she  was  born  Jan.  31,  1818,  and 
died  June  1,  1858;  second  wife  was 
Mary  Whitelaw ;  they  were  married  in 
Iowa  City,  this  State,  in  March,  1859  ; 
she  was  born  in  1805,  and  died  July  10, 
1876.  He  has  four  children  living — 
James  K.,  Henrietta  ( now  Mrs.  Wm. 
Wallace),  Charles  F.,  and  Nettie  (now 
Mrs.  M.  Conover).  Mr.  Brock  owns 
139  acres  of  land,  and  is  a  Republican 
in  politics.  He  has  held  several  local 
offices. 

Brock,   J.   K.,  far. ;  P.   0.  Green  Moun- 
tain. 
CHASE,   H.   L.,  minister  First  Cong. 
Church,  Green  Mountain. 

CHRYSTAL.,  GEORGE,  farmer, 
Sec.  15;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  born 
in  Scotland  in  1832;  came  to  this 
country  in  1850 ;  lived  in  Wisconsin 
fifteen  years,  and  then  went  to  Missouri, 
remaining  there  four  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  came  to  this  county. 
He  married  Miss  Margaret  Voss  in  Wis- 
consin ;  she  was  born  in  Canada  ;  they 
have  two  children — Barbara  Belle  and 
Wallace  Bruce.  Mr.  Chrystal  owns  123 
acres  of  land.  He  keeps  pure-bred  Po- 
land-China hogs  for  sale.  He  is  Inde- 
pendent in  politics. 

Clemens,  A.,  Sr.,  far.  ;  P.  0  Marshall- 
town. 

Clemmens,  A.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Clemmens,  A.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Clemnu-ns,  J.,  far.  ;   P.   0.    Marshalltown. 

COAXES,  FRAKCIS,  farmer,  Sec. 
8  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Dur- 
ham Co.,  Eng.,in  1819  ;  he  came  to  this 
ciiuntry  in  July,  1844,  from  which  time 
until  1847,he  worked  in  iron  works,  prin- 
cipally in  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh, 
Penn. ;  in  1847,  he  returned  to  his  na- 
tive land  and  worked  in  the  ironworks 
there  and  in  Scotland  until  1848,  when 
he  again  came  to  this  country  and  en- 
tered the  iron  works  at  Pittsburgh,  Penn., 


thence  to  Newcastle  in  Lawrence  Co., 
Penn.,  where  he  remained  four  years  • 
in  1854,  he  came  West  and  traveled 
over  a  large  portion  of  this  State  in 
search  of  a  location ;  being  satisfied 
with  the  natural  advantages  of  this  por- 
tion of  the  country,  entered  a  portion 
of  the  farm  that  he  now  resides  on  in 
September  of  that  year ;  he  then  re- 
turned to  Pennsylvania,  remaining  until 
the  year  of  1856 ;  he  then  moved  to 
this  township  and  began  improving 
his  land,  which  was  then  a  wild  prairie  ; 
he  has  kept  pace  with  the  growth  of 
the  country  in  improvements  and  by  his 
energy  has  made  himself  a  competence ; 
he  owns  one-half  section  of  land.  He 
married  Miss  Mary  R.  Irwin  in  En- 
gland, in  1844  ;  she  was  born  in  Durham 
Co.,  Eng.,  in  1820  ;  they  have  had 
seven  children — George,  born  April  29, 
1848;  Robert,  April  16,  1850;  Adda, 
July  6,  1852  ;  Elizabeth,  Dec.  17, 1854; 
Joseph,  April  15,  1858  ;  Francis,  Jan. 
25,  1859  ;  Mary,  April  7,  1863,  died 
Dec.  26,  1866.  Politically,  Mr.  Coats 
is  a  RepubUcan.  He  has  held  various 
local  offices,  and  at  present  writing  he 
holds  the  office  of  Secretary  of  School 
Board  and  Township  Trustee ;  his 
father,  Wm.  Coats,  was  a  native  of  Dur- 
ham Co.,  Eng.  He  married  Miss  M. 
Piggford.  Mrs.  Coats'  father,  George 
Irwin,  was  also  a  native  of.  Durham 
Co.;  became  to  this  county  in  1856; 
his  wife,  Mrs.  Irwin,  died  previous  to 
that ;  he  died  in  this  county  on  April 
7,  1866,  aged  73  years. 

Cooper,  A.  J.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Crum,  J.,  grocer,  S.  34 ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

DAY,  SPENCER,  farmer,  Sec.  2  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 
DAXN,  E.,  farmer.  Sec.  2;  P.  0. 
Green  Mountain ;  born  in  Kent  Co., 
Eng.,  Feb.  25,  1826;  came  to  this 
country  in  1840  ;  remained  six  years  in 
Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y,,  when  he  left  there 
to  seek  a  home  in  the  Northwest.  He 
settled  in  Rock  Co.,  Wis.,  where  he 
married   Miss  Caroline  Ashton  April  6, 

1850  ;  she  was  born  in  Cayuga  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  March  21,  1831;  they  moved  to 
this  county  in  1859  ;  they  have  eleven 
children — Rosa    E.,    born    .April    26, 

1851  ;  Emmaroy    C.,    born    Aug.  12, 


MARION  TOWNSHIP. 


t)57 


1852,  died  Fe  7,  1869;  Grove  A., 
born  Sept.  13,  185-4;  Ernest  H.,  born 
March  31,  1856;  Frank  A.,  Feb.  28, 
1858;  Flora  A.,  March  11,  1860;  Ida 
May,  Oct.  29,  1861 ;  James  Gr.,  Sept. 
28,  1864;  Spafford  T.,  March  27, 
1867  ;  Charles  G.,  Feb.  7,  1869;  Ed- 
win R.  J.,  Dec.  30,  1871.  Politically, 
Mr.  Dann  has  always  acted  with  the 
Republican  party.  He  owns  130  acres 
of  land.  He  is  Superintendent  of  Agri- 
cultural Products  in  the  Marshall  Co. 
Agricultural  Society  which  position  he 
has  occupied  for  two  years  previous  to 
this.  He  has  seen  the  hardships  and 
trials  attendant  on  a  pioneer  life  in  the 
Northwest,  and  now  lives  in  the  full  en- 
joyment of  a  well-spent  and  successful 
'life. 

Deeter,  S.,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

DeWitt,  Victor,  farmer,  Sec.  29;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

DIEHL,  JOHX,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Adams  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1857.  He  married  Miss  Sarah 
E.  King,  in  his  native  county,  in  1852  ; 
she  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1833;  they 
moved  to  this  county  in  1 855 ;  they 
have  six  children  living — Ellen  W.,  Eu- 
gene W.,  Millard  F.,  George  L.,  Lincoln 
J.  and  Edith  May.  Mr.  Diehl  owns 
200  acres  of  land.  Politically  he  is  a 
Republican  ;  holds  the  oflBce  of  School 
Treasurer  at  present  writing.  By  a  life 
of  industry  Mr.  Diehl  has  placed  him- 
self among  the  well-to-do  men  of  Mar- 
shall Co. 

I>OWWS,  T.  F.,  farmer,  Sec.  22;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  Racine  Co., 
Wis.,  April  22,  1843;  came  to  this 
county  about  1860.  Married  Electa 
Wallin  in  this  county ;  they  have  four 
children — Willis,  Willard,  Mattie  and 
Beulah.  Mr.  Downs  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land  ;  it  is  nicely  located  and  well  im- 
proved. 

Drary,  S.  W.,  far.;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

Drury,  Rees,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
ELLWANGER,  CHARLES,  far.,  S. 
4  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Ellwanger,  David,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Englebright,  H.,  far..  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Le 
Grand. 

Ertel,  D.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 


IHERGUSON,  CARVER,  far.,  Sec.  25  ; 
'       P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

FERUUSOX,  XIMROD,  tanner, 
Sec.  25 ;  P.  O.  Le  Grand  ;  born  in 
Highland  Co.,  0. ;  when  he  was  about 
4  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved  to 
Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  remained  until  1853  ;  he 
then  came  to  this  county.  Married  Miss 
Jane  E.  Laughlin  in  Tama  Co.,  this 
State,  in  1859;  she  was  born  in  Rich- 
land Co.,  Ohio;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren living — Mary  E.,  David  N.  and 
Martha  Anna.  Mr.  Ferguson  owns  851 
acres  of  land  in  this  county,  and  445 
acres  in  Tama  Co.,  this  State. 

Friesner,  David,  far..  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

QLEASON,  GEORGE,  farmer,  Sec. 
36  ;  P.  O.  Le  Grand. 

Grist,  George,  far.,  Sec.  20;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

HAUSAFUS,  WILLIAM,  far.,  Sec. 
28  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Harding,  Henry,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Hart,  J.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

HOI^T,  R.  D.,  farmer,  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0. 
Green  Mountain  ;  born  in  Orange  Co., 
Vt.,  April  2,  1849;  when  he  was  about 
4  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved  to  this 
county,  bringing  him  with  them.  Maiden 
name  of  his  wife  was  Miss  Sarah  White  ; 
they  were  married  in  this  county  Jan. 
17,  1876  ;  she  was  born  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y.;  they  have  one  child — Emory  C, 
born  in  the  county.  Mr.  Holt  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land  ;  is  Republican  in 
politics.  His  father,  Wm.  S.  Holt,  was 
a  native  of  Vermont ;  he  married  Miss 
Margaret  Nelson ;  they  moved  to  this 
county  in  1854,  thus  being  among  the 
first  who  settled  in  Marshall  Co. 

HOPKIXS,  JOHN  C,  farmer, 
Sec.  16  ;  P.  O.  Green  Mountain  ;  born 
in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  25,  1818, 
where  he  remained  until  1835,  when  he 
moved  to  Putnam  Co.,  111.,  remaining 
until  1855,  when  became  to  this  county. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Richie,  in  La 
Salle  Co.,  111.,  in  1845  ;  she  was  born  in 
Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1825  ;  they 
have  eight  children  living  —  George 
Henry,  William  Otis,  Arethusa  E.,  Na- 
thaniel R.,  Sarah  J.,  Margaret  S.,  Fred- 
erick W.  and  Eunice  0.     Mr.  Hopkins 


658 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


has  held  the  office  of  Township  Trustee 
two  terms  ;  he  h:vs  also  been  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors.  He  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land. 

KAPLE,   RAY.    carpenter,  Sec.   16; 
P.  O.  Green  Mountain. 
Kelly,  J.  W.,  far..  S.  36  ;  P.  O.  Le  Grand. 

LAHYM,  JAMES,  farmer.  Sec.  17  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 
LAIRD,  A.  J.,  farmer,  Sec.  15  ;  P. 

0.  Green  Mountain  ;  born  in  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  25,  1828,  where  he  re- 
mained until  18-19;  he  then  went  to 
California  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business  on  the  North  Fork  of  the 
American  lliver ;  he  also  had  an  inter- 
est in  mines  ;  he  followed  mining  and 
merchandising  on  American  and  Feather 
Rivers  until  the  Fall  of  1852,  when  he 
returned  to  his  native  county,  and  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business  there.  He 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  J.  Wallace  Jan. 

1,  1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Caledonia  Co., 
Yt.,  Aug.  23,  1836;  in  1856,  they 
moved  to  Greene  Co.,  Wis.,  remaining 
until  1859  ;  thence  to  Janesville,  Wis. 
where  they  remained  until  1856;  they 
then  moved  to  this  county,  where  t!\ey 
have  made  it  their  home  since  ;  they 
have  two  children  —  Estella  May, 
born  in  Greene  Co.,  Wis.,  and  George 
D.,  born  in  Janesville,  Wis.  Him- 
self and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  He  owns  eighty- 
six  acres  of  land.  He  is  Secretary  of  the 
Marshall  Co.  Farmers'  Mutual  Insurance 
Co.,  and  is  also  Secretary  of  the  School 
Board  and  has  held  the  offices  of  Town- 
ship Clerk  five  years  and  Assessor  two 
years.  While  in  California,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  first  Board  of 
Electors  in  Placer  Co.,  that  State.  Mr. 
Laird  always  takes  an  active  part  in  re- 
ligious and  educational  matters,  and 
working  for  the  success  of  whatever  is 
right. 

Laird,  R.  Brace,  far.,  S.  14  ;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

LYNCH,  T.  J.,  fiinner,  SI  ;  P.  0. 
(ireen  Mountain  ;  born  in  Waslungton 
Co.,  Md.,  June  3,  1818.  Married  Miss 
N.  McCoy,  in  his  native  county,  Sept. 
22  1844;  she  was  also  a  native  of 
Washintiton  Co.,  Md.;  she  was  born 
March  28,  1848 ;  they  remained  in 
Washington  Co.  until  1855;    they  then 


went  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Ogle  Co., 
where  they  remained  until  March,  1865, 
when  they  moved  to  this  State  and  set- 
tled on  their  present  farm  ;  they  have 
eight  children  living — Joseph  A.  (mar- 
ried Miss  S.  M.  Holland  ;  they  reside  on 
Sec.  2,  this  township),  Susan  E.  (mar- 
ried Wm.  Shipton  ;  they  reside  on  Sec. 
11,  this  township),  Georgiana  (married 
L.  L.  Bachus ;  they  reside  in  Grundy 
Co.,  this  State),  Charles  R.,  John  W., 
Thomas  J.,  Laura  A.  and  Mary  T.  Mr. 
LynL-h  owns  492  acres  of  land,  which  is 
well  improved.  He  is  one  of  the  pres- 
ent School  Directors,  which  office  he 
has  held  a  number  of  years. 

MARQUIS,  ABNER,  farmer.  Sec. 
28  ;   P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

MILLS,  LOT,  farmer,  Sec.  20  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  St.  Joseph 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1842  ;  in  1854,  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  this  county.  In 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  8th  Iowa 
V.  I.;  served  two  years  and  was  honor- 
ably discharged ;  he  then  re-enlisted  in 
Co.  B,  44th  I.  V.  I.;  served  one  hundred 
days,  and  was  again  honorably  dis- 
charged. Married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Bowles,  in  this  county,  Nov.  10,  1865  ; 

they     have      four      children Celes- 

tine,  Ellen,  Margaret  and  Lucinda. 
Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church  ;  he  is  Republican  in 
pf)litics. 

Moon,  John  M.,  far.  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Moore,  Jacob  N.,  farmer,  Sec.  33;  P.O. 
Marshalltown. 

Moor,  Wm.,  for.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Murry,  E.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

Murray,  John,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Quarry. 

Murray,  V.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.   Quarry.  " 

NEIVES,  JOHN  W.,  far.,  Sec.  14  ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

Nicholson,  J.  B..  Marshalltown. 

NICHOLSOX,  J.  !>.,  farmer,  Sec. 
21  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Ross 
Co.,  Ohio,  Ajiril  25.  1810  ;  in  1822,  he 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Montgomery 
Co.,  Ind.,  remaining  in  that  county  un- 
til 1840  ;  he  then  moved  to  Cedar  Co.. 
this  State,  thus  becoming  one  of  the  pi- 
oneer settlers  of  that  county  ;  in  1852, 
he  moved  from  Cedar  to  this  county  and 
settled  on  his  present  farm.     He  married 


MARION  TOWNSHIP. 


659 


Miss  E.  Ketchum  Sept.  5,  1838;  ,she 
was  born  in  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  May  10, 
181-1  ;  they  have  had  seven  children — 
Joel  L.,  born  in  Montuomery  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
1835.  Married  Miss  E.  J.  Shively  in  this 
county,  March  22,  1860 ;  she  was  born 
in  Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  25th  of 
March,  1842;  Martha  Ann,  born  in 
Indiana,  Nov.  21,  1838;  she  married 
Edward  Thorpe ;  J.  B.,  born  in  Cedar 
Co.,  this  State  ;  he  married  Miss  Ellen 
Hillery  ;  Joseph  K.,  born  in  Cedar  Co., 
Aprir8,  1843  ;  he  died  Oct.  22,  1874; 
his  wife  was  Miss  Sarah  Curtis  ;  Nancy 
D.,  born  in  Cedar  Co.,  April  3,  1845; 
she  married  F.  Gustafson  ;  Mary,  born 
in'Cedar  Co.,  Nov.  15,  1847;  she  mar- 
ried Rev.  L.  Hillery ;  Elizabeth  R.,  born 
in  Cedar  Co.,  March  9, 1850  ;  she  mar- 
ried Philip  Summons.  Mr.  Nicholson 
and  family  are  members  of  the  German 
Baptist  Church.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Republican.  Owns  200  acres  of  land. 
He  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace 
elected  in  this  township,  which  ofiice  he 
was  the  occupant  of  six  years  ;  he  also 
was  one  of  the  first  organizers  of  school 
in  this  vicinity,  and  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  School  Board  ;  he  has 
always  done  his  full  share  in  devising 
means  to  insure  the  educational  interests 
of  this  school. 
Nicholson,  J.  L.,  for.,  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

ORR,  DAVID,  far.,  S.  34  ;   P.  O.  Le 
Grand. 
Orr,  John,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Le  Grand. 

PARSONS,  D.  M.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

PARSONS,   ANDREW,  far ,  S. 

23;  P.O.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  Montgom- 
ery Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  4, 1837  ;  when  he  was 
2years  old,  his  parents  moved  to  Jay  Co., 
Ind  ,  remaining  four  years,  thence  to 
Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  from  there  to  Cedar  Co., 
this  State,  in  1847,  in  which  county  our 
subject  married  Miss  M.  Neiger ;  she 
was  born  in  Switzerland  ;  they  moved  to 
this  county  in  1859;  they  have  seven 
children  living — Magdalene,  Aldus,  Del- 
ford,  Harriet,  Alverda,  Bertha  May  and 
Baldwin.  Mr.  Parsons  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican ;  he  is  the  Justice  of  the  Peace 
in  this  township  at  present  writing,  of 
which  ofiice  he  has  been  the  incumbent 
for  seven  years  ;   he   has  also  held  the 


oftices  of  Township  Trustee  three  years 
School  Director  fourteen  years.  Owns 
204^  acres  of  land.  Himself  and  fami- 
ly are  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church. 

Partridge,   C,   far.,  S.    16;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

Pearsons,  W.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Pegg,   G.   R.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

POWERS,  EPHRAOI,  farmer, 
Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  born 
in  Orange  Co.,  Vt.,  May  9,  1828,  where 
he  remained  until  Dec,  1854  ;  they  came 
to  this  county,  remaining  here  three 
years  ;  he  then  returned  to  Orange  Co., 
Vt.  While  there  he  man-ied  Miss 
Jeanette  E.  Whitehill;  they  were 
married  in  Orleans  Co.,  Jan.  4, 
1854 ;  she  was  born  in  Caledonia  Co., 
Vt.,  July  19,  1832  ;  they  moved  to 
this  county  in  1860;  they  have  three 
children  living — Carra  J.  E.,  born  in 
Vermont,  July  19,  1859  ;  Mabel,  born 
July  31,  1867  ;  Prescott  A.,  born  Jan. 
23,  1874.  Mr.  Powers  owns  eighty-six 
acres  of  land.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Re- 
publican, being  always  opposed  to  slav- 
ery ;  he  and  his  family  are  members  of 
the  Congregational  Church.  He  had 
two  brothers  in  the  army — Joshua  and 
Charles  ;  Joshua  was  in  a  New  Hamp- 
shire regiment ;  he  died  while  in  the  ser- 
vice ;  Charles  was  in  a  Vermont  regi- 
ment, and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war  and  was  honorably  discharged.  Mrs. 
Powers  also  had  two  brothers  int  he  war 
of  the  rebellion — Mo.ses  and  Matthew 
Whitehill ;  Moses  was  killed  in  battle  ; 
Matthew  served  until  the  war  was  over, 
was  honorable  discharged,  and  now  re- 
sides in  Vermont. 

Powell,  S.  H.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 
QUIN,  J.  W.,  farmer,  Sec.  18  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  in  1811  ;  when  he  was 
4  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved  to 
Delaware  Co.  In  1838,  our  subject 
being  married,  he  moved  to  Ohio,  and 
remained  in  the  Buckeye  State  until 
1853;  he  then  moved  to  this  county 
and  located  on  the  f\irm  he  now  resides 
on  ;  he  has  been  twice  married.  His  first 
.wife   was    Miss    Catharine    Shaneman ; 


660 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


they  were  married  in  183-4;  she  was 
born  io  Chester,  Penn.,  March  7,  1813  ; 
she  died  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  3, 
1850  ;  they  had  four  chiKlren — Benja- 
main,  born  Dec.  29,  1837  ;  Alon,  Dec. 
23,  1839,  died  in  infancy ;  Susanna, 
May  2,  1842.  Present  wife  was  Miss 
EUzabeth  Wallon  ;  they  were  niarried  in 
this  county  Oct.  22,  185-4;  she  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  Oct.  3, 1 827  ;  when 
she  was  5  years  of  age  she  moved  with 
her  parents  to  Lacon  Co.,  Ohio,  and 
from  there  to  this  county  in  1853  ;  have 
six  children — Angeline,  born  March  ti, 
1857,  died  Aug.  16,  1859  ;  Emiline, 
(twin  to  Angeline),  March  G,  1857,  died 
May  5,  the  same  year  ;  Marv  Jane,  Sept. 
2,  1859;  JamesM.,  Oct.  21,1861,  died 
Feb.  20, 18G4  ;  Elizabeth  M.,  March  11, 
1865;  Minnie  A.,  March  20,  1867,  died 
May  24,  1869.  Mr.  Quin  owns  164i 
acres  of  land.  He  and  family  are  mem- 
bers of  the  German  Baptist  Church.  He 
is  a  Republican  in  politics ;  has  held 
various  local  oflBces,  though  he  has  never 
been  an  aspirant  for  political  honors. 

RAUCK,  R.  D.,  farmer.  Sec.  12 ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

REED,  JAMES,  farmer.  Sec.  26 ; 
P.  0.  Quarry  ;  born  in  Wiishington  Co., 
Penn.,  April  16,  1828.  When  he  was 
a  child  his  parents  moved  to  Muskingum 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  which  county  our  subject 
remained  until  19  years  of  age; 
he  then  went  to  Illinois,  remaining  a 
short  time  ;  came  to  Van  Buren  Co.,  this 
State,  in  1848,  thence  to  this  county  in 
1853 ;  in  1869,  he  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  in  Fairfii'ld,  Jefferson 
Co.,  this  State  ;  continued  in  business 
until  1874  ;  has  held  various  local  offices : 
he  owns  177  acres  of  land.  In  politics  is 
a  Republican.  He  married  Miss  R. 
Bowles  in  this  county  April  26,  1855  ; 
she  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina  ;  they 
have  five  children — John  W.,  Jennie 
E.,  Anna  Belle  ( who  married  A.  A.Tol- 
land), Samuel  T.   and  Tlitha  May. 

Reynolds,  James,  farmer.  Sec.  24  ;  P.  0. 
Green  Mountain. 

Rice,  Benjamin,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 

Rice,  Edward,  far.,  S.  10;  P.O.  Green 
Mountain. 

Riddlebarger,  D.,  far.,  S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Green 
Mountain. 


Richie,  J.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

ROBERTS,  JOHN  H.,  farmer, 
Sec.  1  ;  P.  O.  Green  Mountain  ;  born  in 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  25,  1843, 
where  he  remained  until  1861,  when  he 
went  to  California  ;  he  followed  mining 
in  Nevada  Co.,  California,  one  year  ;  at 
the  end  of  that  time  he  went  to  San 
Francisco,  remaining  about  six  months, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  he  returned  to 
Nevada  Co.,  remaining  only  a  short  time, 
when  he  went  to  Virginia  City,  where 
he  remained  until  1865  ;  he  then  re- 
turned to  his  native  State,  remaining 
until  1866>  when  he  went  to  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  and  entered  the  Commercial  Col- 
lege at  that  place  ;  he  came  to  this  county 
in  1867.  Married  Miss  Sarah  F. 
Powers  in  Grinnell,  Poweshiek  Co.,  this 
State,  Sept.  28,  1870  ;  she  was  born  in 
Orange  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  23, 1840.  Mr.  Rob- 
erts owns  165  acres  of  land.  In  politics, 
he  is  a  Republican.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church, 
of  which  church  he  is  Treasurer  at  pres- 
ent writing. 

Roberts,  L.,  f\ir.,  S.  16;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

ROOSE,  HIRAM,  farmer.  Sec. 
16;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  born  in 
Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  12,  1834  ; 
when  he  was  1  year  of  age,  his  parents 
moved  to  Stark  Co.,  where  our  subject 
remained  until  1SG5,  when  he  moved  to 
Christian  Co.,  111.,  where  he  remained 
nine  years ;  he  then  moved  to  this 
county.  He  married  Miss  Hannah 
Hamble  in  Mahoning  Co.,  Ohio ;  she 
was  born  in  Columbiana  Co. ;  they  have 
four  children — Preston  S.,  Viola  May, 
William  H.  and  Harry  H.  Mr  Roose 
is  a  Repulilican  in  politics.  He  owns 
127  acres  of  land  in  this  place,  and 
ninety-six  acres  in   Christian  Co.,  111. 

SHIPTON,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  Sec. 
11;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 
SAY^LOR,  LEVI,  farmer.  Sec.  34; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Cumber- 
land Co.,  Penn.,  July  21,  1825,  where 
he  remained  until  1836,  when  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  re- 
maining until  the  Fall  of  1858 ;  he 
then  moved  to  this  county.  He  has  been 
twice  married  ;  his  first  wife  was  Miss 
Sarah  Hill ;  they  were  married  in  Mi- 
ami Co.,  Ohio,  in  1846  ;  she  died  June 


MARION  TOWNSHIP. 


661 


1,  1849;  present  wife  was  Elizabeth 
Stevens ;  they  were  married  in  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio,  March  11,  1853;  she  was 
also  a  native  of  ]Miami  Co.,  Ohio  ;  born 
Feb.  7,  1830;  had  one  child  by  first 
marriage — John  H.  ;  by  present  mar- 
riage, seven  children — Mary,  Sarah  (now 
Mrs.  F.  Brethbill),  Susan  (now  Mrs.  H. 
Walther),  Ellen,  Chas.  F.,  Martha 
Jane  and  William  Lincoln.  Mr.  Saylor 
owns  153  acres  of  land.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics.  Was  elected  mem- 
ber of  County  Board  of  Supervisors,  one 
terra,  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  five 
years,  and  is  a  member  of  the  present 
Board  of  School  Directors. 

iSMITH,  .1.  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ;  P. 
O.  Quarry  ;  born  in  Tennessee ;  lived 
in  the  State  of  Mississippi  from  his  fifth 
year,  until  1862.  He  then  entered  the 
Union  Army  and  served  in  the  93d  111. 
V.  I.,  for  two  years,  and  in  the  10th  I. 
V.  I.,  one  year  ;  he  was  in  many  severe 
battles,  the  principal  ones  being  Lookout 
Mountain,  AUatoona  Pass,  Savannah  and 
Columbus.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
came  to  Story  Co,,  this  State,  remaining 
until  1870  ;  he  then  came  to  this 
■county.  He  married  Miss  Laura 
Hughes  in  Poweshiek  Co.,  this  State,  in 
1873 ;  she  was  born  in  this  county ; 
they  have  two  childi'en — Ada  Mabel 
and  Maude  May.  Mr.  Smith  is  Re- 
publican in  politics. 

SMITH,  PL.ATT  A.,  tarmer.  Sec. 
3;  P.  O.  Green  Mountain ;  born  in 
Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  29,  1829  ; 
when  he  was  8  years  of  age,  he 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Dutchess  Co., 
N.  Y. ;  when  he  was  13  years  of  age, 
he  was  admitted  to  Amenia  Seminary, 
Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  pursued 
his  studies  for  three  years  ;  in  184.5,  he 
went  to  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
married  Miss  Louisa  P.  Carpenter  June 
13,  1848 ;  she  was  a  native  of  Ononda- 
ga Co.;  in  1851,  they  moved  to  St. 
Joseph  Co.,  Mich.,  where  they  remained 
until  1855,  when  they  moved  to  this 
county ;  they  have  five  children — Em- 
ma E.,  who  married  Chas.  Blodgett ; 
they  reside  in  Marshalltown  ;  Sarah  L., 
Richmond  ^\.,  Wallace  P.  and  Anna. 
During  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  Mr. 
Smith  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  2d  L  V.  C, 
vn  the  1st  of  Aug.    1861  ;  wag    honor- 


ably discharged  on  the  3d  of  Oct.;  1864. 
He  has  held  various  local  and  township 
offices,  and  holds  the  office  of  Assessor 
at  present  writing  ;  lie  has  also  been  the 
Assessor  three  terms  previous  to  this, 
and  has  been  Township  School  Treasurer 
six  years.  He  owns  198  acres  of  land. 
Politically,  he  acts  with  the  Republican 
party.  Generous  by  nature  and  practice, 
he  has  always  encouraged  and  liberally 
aided  every  scheme  that  had  sufficient 
merit  to  claim  his  consideration. 

Snow,  A.,  far.,  Sec.  19  ;  P.    O.   Marshall- 
town. 

SOMERS,  J.  S.,  farmer  and  proprie- 
tor of  the  Green  Mountain  Cheese  Fac- 
tory, Sec.  4  (Factory  on  Sec.  9) ;  P.  0. 
Green  Mountain  ;  born  June  17,  1826, 
in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  where  he  remained 
until  1851,  when  he  determined  to  seek 
his  fortune  in  the  far-famed  Eldorado  of 
the  Pacific  Coast ;  arriving  in  Placer 
Co.,  Cal.,  he  followed  mining  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  American  River,  suc- 
cessfully for  two  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  time,  he  returned  to  his  home  in 
Vermont.  He  married  Miss  Mary  L. 
Wallace ;  she  was  also  a  native  of  Cale- 
donia Co.,  Vt.;  she  was  born  Jan.  3, 
1831.  Moved  to  this  county  in  March, 
1864.  Have  four  children  living — 
Herbert  W.  (he  attends  Grinnell  College, 
this  State ),  Alice  M..  Pearl  E.  and  Flor- 
ence Belle.  In  early  life,  Mr.  Somers 
received  a  liberal  education  and  taught 
school  several  Winter  terms  in  his  native 
county.  He  has  been  a  Republican  since 
the  organization  of  that  party.  Has  held 
various  local  offices  ;  is  Secretary  of  the 
School  Board  at  the  present  writing. 
He  owns  513  acres  of  land  ;  is  proprie- 
tor of  the  Green  Mountain  Cheese  Fac- 
tory ;  he  makes  only  the  best  cream 
cheese,  and  keeps  a  stock  constantly  on 
hand ;  orders  from  parties  desiring 
Green  Mountain  Cheese  will  be  prompt- 
ly attended  to  ;  correspondence  solicited. 
Mr.  Somers  had  two  bi'others  in  the 
army — B.  G.  and  David  Somers ;  both 
served  with  distinction  in  Vermont  regi- 
ments ;  David  died  from  disease  con- 
tracted in  the  service.  Mrs.  Wallace 
had  three  brothers  in  the  war  of  the 
rebellion — William,  R.  B.  and  John 
Wallace  ;  William  and  John  served  in 
Iowa  regiments  and  R.  B.  served  in  a 


662 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY ; 


Colorado  regiment ;  all  were  honorably 
discharged. 

Stapley,  Wm,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Stewart,  David,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Stewart,  Robert,  retired  minister.  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Green  Mountain. 

TERRIL,  JOHN  R.,  farmer, Sec.  13; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

THOMAS,  JOHX,  farmor,  Sec.  7  ; 
P.    0.    Marshalltown ;    born   in    Wales, 

,  Nov.  12,  1819  ;  came  to  this  country  in 
Dec,  184-1  ;  lived  in  New  York  until 
April,  1  842,  when  he  went  to  New  Jer- 
sey ;  thence  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
remained  until  187<»,  when  he  moved  to 
Stephenson  Co.,  III.;  moved  from  there 
to  this  county  in  Sept.,  1864.  Married 
Miss  Lydia  Hartman  ;  they  have  seven 
children  living — William  H.,  Jacob  H., 
Elizabeth  Ann  (now  Mrs.  Chas.  Dunn), 
John  E.,  Charles  W..  Mary  L.  and  Ella 
Lorennie.  Mr.  Thomas  is  Republican 
in  politics  ;  has  held  various  local  oflSces ; 
himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Evangelical  Association.  He  owns  420 
acres  of  land  in  this  county  and  ninety- 
two  acres  in  Grundy  Co.,  this  State,  and 
is  extensively  engaged  in  stock  raising. 

WHEELER,  FRANK  M..   farmer, 
Sec.  21  ;   P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

WALL.IX,  PEARSOX,  farmer. 
Sec.  27  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in 
Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  in  181C;  Dec.  2, 
1831,  he  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Licking  Co.,  Ohio,  remaining  until  1853, 
when  they  removed  to  this  county.  Mr. 
Wallin  has  been  married  three  times ; 
his  first  wife  was  Miss  S.  Hepswater ; 
second  wife  was  Eliza  Jane  Price  ;  his 
present  wife  was  Martha  E.  Lackey  ; 
they  were  married  in  Fraiikliu  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1850  ;  she  was  a  native  of  Cumber- 
land Co.,  Penn.  Mr.  Wallin  owns  222 
acres  of  land.  His  father,  Isaiah  Wal- 
lin, was  a  native  of  New  Jersey ;  he 
married  Charity  Pearson ;  they  moved 
to  this  county  in  1853;  he  died  Jan. 
8,  1863,  aged  75  years  7  months  and 
28  days  ;  she  died  Oct.  24,  1864,  aged 
69  years  9  months  and  1  day. 

"Not  lost  blest,  thought  but  gone  before, 
Where  friends  shall  meet  to  part  no  more." 

WAL,L,ACK,  R.  B.,  farmer,  Sec.  3  ; 
P,  0.  Green   Mountain  ;  born  in  Cale- 


donia Co.,  A^t.,  Dec.  26,  1841  ;  he  re- 
mained in  his  native  county  until  he  was 
in  his  20th  year ;  he  then  went  to  Col- 
orado and  followed  mining  with  fair  suc- 
cess, until  the  breaking-out  of  the  war  of 
the  rebellion.  Being  fired  with  the  mar- 
tial spirit,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  1st  Col- 
orado Cavalry  ;  served  four  yeais  and 
I  nineteen  days  ;  was  honorably  discharged 
Oct.  26,  1865.  The  war  ended  and  our 
Union  saved  from  dissolution,  he  re- 
turned to  Black  Hawk,  Col.,  remaining 
until  December,  1868,  when  he  returned 
to  the  home  of  his  childhood  and  re- 
mained a  little  over  three  years. 
In  1871,  hearing  the  glowing  re- 
ports of  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
the  Black  Hills,  he  determined  to 
try  his  fortune  in  them ;  his  suc- 
cess in  the  Hills  was  inditterent.  He 
came  to  this  county  in  1877  ;  owns  137 
acres  of  land.  Is  a  stanch  Republican. 
He  entered  the  service  as  private ;  was 
promoted  Sergeant  in  1864. 
WALLACE,  WILLIAM,  farm 
er.  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain  ;  born 
in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  Feb.  16,  1833 ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1855.  Married 
Miss  Henrietta  Brock  in  this  county 
Dec.  25,  1856 ;  she  was  also  a  native  of 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt. ;  she  was  born  July 
5,  1838;  they  have  three  children — 
Chester  P.,  born  April  19,  1858 ;  Lewis 
H.,  born  July  21,  1865;  Edwin  G., 
born  July  18,  1870.  During  the  war 
of  the  rebellion,  Mr.  Wallace  enlisted  in 
Co.  B,  2d  Iowa  V.  C,  as  private  ;  was 
promoted  Corporal ;  served  three  years, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  ;  he  par- 
ticipated in  many  severe  engagements  ; 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Cold  Water,  Miss.  Politically,  Mr. 
Wallace  is  a  stanch  Republican.  He 
owns  260  acres  of  land.  His  oldest  son, 
Chester  P.,  married  Miss  Cjra  Laird  in 
this  county  May  16,  1878  ;  she  was  born 
in  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.  Mrs.  Wm.  Wal- 
lace's father,  Joel  Brock,  one  of  the  pio- 
neer settlers  of  this  county,  was  born  in 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1807  ;  he  moved 
to  this  county  in  1853 ;  he  has  been 
married  twice ;  his  first  wife  was  Miss 
J.  Harvey  ;  they  were  married  April  15, 
1835;  she  was  born  Jan.  31,  1818,  died 
in  this  county  June  1, 1858  ;  his  second 
wife   was  Mary  Whitelaw ;    they  were 


MARION  TOWNSHIP. 


66a 


married  in  Iowa  City  in  1859  ;  she  was 
born  in  1805,  died  July  10,  1876  ;  Mr. 
Brock  still  resides  in  this  township,  and 
is  one  of  the  few  pioneers  of  1853  now 
remaining. 

WEITZELIi,  JACOB,  black- 
smith, Sec.  IG  ;  P.  O.  Green  Mountain  ; 
was  born  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1821  ;  at  the  age  of  17,  he  engaged  to 
learn  the  blacksmith  trade  ;  he  worked 
at  his  trade  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1844-5-6  ;  in  1847,  went  to  Pittsburgh 
and  helped  manufacture  wagons  for  the 
use  of  the  Government  in  the  Mexican 
war ;  in  December,  1847,  returned  to 
Col.umbiana  Co.,  Ohio ;  remained  there 
until  1854,  then  moved  to  this  county, 
thus  becoming  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers 
of  the  State  of  Iowa;  he  settled  in  Le 
Grand  and  engaged  in  blacksmithing  ; 
his  was  the  first  blacksmith  shop  in  that 
place ;  he  remained  in  Le  Grand  about 
three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time,  he 
sold  his  shop  and  moved  on  a  farm  ;  he 
followed  firming  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war.  He  then  enlisted  in  Co.  B, 
11th  Iowa  V.  I.  ;  served  three  years  and 
seventeen  days ;  was  honorably  dis- 
charged Oct.  17,  1864;  he  was  in  the 
battles  of  Pittsburg  Landing,  Corinth, 
luka,  siege  of  Vicksburg.  and  several 
other  engagements.  After  being  dis- 
charged, he  returned  to  this  county,  re- 
maining until  1866,  when  he  moved  to 
Mahaska  Co.,  remaining  there  two  or 
three  years ;  thence  to  Keokuk  Co., 
where  he  lived  until  1869  ;  he  then  re- 
turned to  this  county,  and  has  made  it 
his  home  since.  He  married  Miss  E.  Har- 
rison in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  April  4, 
1849;  she  was  born  March  3,  1820, 
died  Sept.  21,  1869  ;  there  are  four 
children  living — Mary  C,  Alfred  R,., 
Phcebe  H.  and  Isaac  H. 

WHITE,  WILLIAM  L.,  farmer, 
S.  10;  P.  0.  Green  Mountain;  born  in 
Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1838  ;  when  he 
was  5  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved 


to  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  our  subject 
remained  until  he  was  15  years  of  age  ; 
he  then  went  to  Otsego  Co.,  remaining 
about  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  he  went  to  Minnesota,  remaining 
till  1859,  when  he  went  to  Kansas, 
where  he  remained  until  1860,  when  he 
determined  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the 
famed  land  of  gold  ;  he  followed  mining 
in  Eldorado  Co.,  Cal.,  until  1861  ;  he 
then  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  2d  Regt.  Cal. 
Cav.;  served  three  years  ;  was  in  several 
engagements ;  alter  his  term  of  service 
expired,  he  was  honorably  discharged  ; 
he  returned  to  California,  remaining  till 
the  Spring  of  1866,  when  he  came  to 
this  county.  He  married  Mrs.  Holt ; 
her  maiden  name  was  Adelia  C.  Alden  ; 
she  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  111.  Mr. 
White  owns  eighty  acres  of  land.  Polit- 
cally,  he  is  a  Republican. 

Wilkinson,  Lepribette,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 

Williams,  Daniel,  far.,  S.  4  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

WISE,  JACOB,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0. 
Marrhalltown ;  born  in  Baden,  Germany, 
in  1831  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1853  ; 
remained  in  Broomfield,  N.  J.,  one 
year,  then  went  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  re- 
maining about  four  months  ;  thence  to 
Kendall  Co.,  111.,  where  he  married 
Miss  Annie  Coleman  in  1858  ;  she  was 
a  native  of  Hesse,  Germany  ;  she  was 
born  in  1838 ;  they  moved  to  this 
county  in  1865 ;  they  have  eight 
children  —  Henry,  Mary  E.  John 
P.,  Emma,  Anna,  Florence  Bis- 
mark  and  George.  Mr.  Wise  owns 
120  acres  of  land.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Republican  ;  is  independent  in  religion. 

Wollin,  James,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Wollin,  Joseph,  far.,  S.  28 ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

YETLEG,  GEORGE,  far.,  S.  10 ;  P. 
0.  Green  Mountain. 

Yetleg,  John,  far.;   P.  0.  Marshalltown. 


664 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


IOWA    TOWNSHIP. 


A    LLEN,  CYRUS,  carpenter  Albion. 

A]ttEY,  A.,  farmer,  Sec  25 ;  P.  O. 
Albion ;  born  in  Indiana  in  1836;  came 
to  this  county  in  1848 ;  owns  285 
acres  of  land.  He  married  Miss  Almira 
Musier  in  1854  ;  she  was  born  in  North 
Carolina ;  has  eleven  children —  Sorralina, 
Mary  E.,  Jacob,  Elvin,  Sarah  A.,  Orril- 
la,  Rosetta,  Nancy,  Annie  Clara  and 
Leonard. 

Arney,  I.  R.,  farmer,  Albion. 

ARXEY,  JOH]^,  farmer,  Sec.  25  ; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Indiana  in  1828  ; 
came  to  this  county  Oct.  21,  1851  ;  owns 
240  acres  of  land.  He  married  Miss 
Huldah  A.  Hauser  in  1849 ;  she  was 
born  in  Owen  Co.,  Ind.;hassix  children 
— Geor<i;e  W.,  Parmelia  C,  Albert  L., 
Eliza  E.,  Viola  E.  and  EflS.e  M.;  lost  one 
son — Thomas  L. 

Arney.  S.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

ARNEY,  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0. 
Albion  ;  born  in  Indiana  in  1831  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  Oct.,  1850;  owns  313 
acres  of  land.  Has  held  the  office  of 
School  Director.  He  married  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth Boyles  in  1849;  she  was  born  in 
Indiana  ;  has  .seven  cbildren^Naucy  A., 
Hannah  P.,  p]liza  A.,  Elkanah  B.,  El- 
mer S.,  Julietta  and  Willie  W.;  lost  one 
daughter — Sarah  J. 

Augustine,  A.   P..  farmer ;   P.  O.  Albion. 

Augustine,  J.  H.,  far.,  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Al- 
bion. 

Anderson,  farmer.  Sec.  33. 

BALLARD,  C.  C,  far.,  S.  26 ;  P.  0. 
Albion. 

BAI^I^ARD,  PHIL.IP,  farmer,  S 
26  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Warren  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1802 ;  he  removed  to  Indiana 
in  1813,  and  to  Illinois  in  1829,  and  to 
this  county  in  1848,  having  first  visited 
the  county  in  1 846  ;  he  owns  243  acres 
of  land.  Has  held  the  office  of  Town- 
.ship  Trustee.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Parks  Feb.  2,  1822  ;  she  was  born 
in  Clark  Co.,  Ind.,  and  died  June  16, 
1852  ;  had  six  children — Lurenia,  Har- 
riet, Nancy,  Charles,  Milton  and  Jas- 
per ;  lost  three  Sylvia,  Rebecca  and 
Sarah. 

Ballard,  P.,  Jr.,  far.  S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 


Bartlett,  A.  C,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

BEEDLE,  J.  M.,  blacksmith,  Al- 
bion ;  born  in  Wa.shington  Co.,  Penn., 
in  1830  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1865. 
He  married  Miss  Eliza  J.  Johns  in 
1854  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio;  has  two 
children — Willie  E.  and  Harry  A. 

Beeson,  J.  C.  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Beeson,  M.,  grocer,  Albion. 

Bevins,  J.  V.,far.;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Binford,  J.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Brigham,  H.,  hardware  dealer,  Albion. 

CAMPBELL,  W.  H.,  fruit  grower, 
Albion. 

Collins,  S.,  far.,  S.  25 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Cable,  Wm.,  grocer,  Albion. 

Collins,  T.  (1..  far.,  S.  31  ;    P.  0.  Albion. 

CRIPPS,  J.  B.,  fruit  grower  and 
nurseryman,  Albion  ;  born  in  Venango 
Co.,  Penn.,  April  8,  1826;  came  to  this 
county  in  October,  1856  ;  previous  to 
his  removal  to  this  county,  he  lived  in 
Kentucky,  and  left  the  State  on  account 
of  the  institution  of  slavery.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Lizzie  G.  Humlong  in  1856  ; 
she  was  born  in  Kentucky  and  died  in 
1870 ;  he  afterward  married  A.  C. 
Montgomery  in  1872  ;  she  was  born  in 
St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.;  h:is  two  chil- 
dren— Eliza  M.  and  Laura  E. 

Crookshanks,  B.  M.,  far.,  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0. 
Albion. 

Cross,  David  C,  hardware  dealer,  Albion. 

Cowgill,  G.  W.,  far.,  S.  5  ;    P.  0.  Albion. 

CraNIXGHAlI,  J.  E.,  black- 
smith, Albion  ;  born  in  Delaware  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1825;  lived  twelve  years  in 
Linn  Co.,  previous  to  his  coming  to  this 
county  in  June,  1864.  Has  held  office 
of  Town  Trustee  eight  years.  He  mar- 
ried Mary  A.  Johns  in  1848;  she  was 
born  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio,  and  died  in 
January,  1869;  he  afterward  married 
Eliza  Sawyer,  who  was  born  in  New 
York  ;  she  died  in  1870  ;  he  married 
for  his  third  wife  Mary  Reusch  in  1871 ; 
she  was  born  in  Germany  ;  has  three 
children — Florence,  Ernest  and  Grace  L. 

DAWSON,  SAMUEL,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P. 
O.  Albion. 
DANIELS,  JOHN,  carpenter  and 
builder,  Albion  ;   born  in  Somerset  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1833  ;  came  to  this  county  in 


IOWA   TOWNSHIP. 


665 


1867.  Has  served  as  member  of  City 
Council  and  School  Director.  He  mar- 
ried Lovina  Tenny  in  1855  ;  she  was 
born  in  Somerset  Co.,  Penn.;  has  five 
children — Mansfield,  Jesse,  Mary,  Ross 
and  Elvira. 

Dearote  S.,  shoemaker,  Albion. 

DJB^BOW,  JOHN,  farmer,  S.  36; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Knox  Co.,  HI., 
in  1837  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1852  ; 
owns  344  acres.  He  enlisted  in  the  32d 
Iowa  V.  I.,  in  the  late  war,  and  served 
three  years,  and  w;is  in  nearly  all  the 
battles  in  which  the  regiment  was  en- 
gaged. He  maiTied  Miss  Emily  Melton 
in  1858 ;  she  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 
111.,  and  died  in  186-t ;  he  afterward 
married  Miss  Sarah  Melton  in  1867 ; 
she  was  born  in  Knox  Co.,  III.;  has  two 
children — Sylvester  and  Harvey  J. 

DEXBOW,  WILLIAM,  physi 
cian  and  veterinary  surgeon.  Sec.  31  ; 
P.  0.  Albion ;  born  in  Knox  Co.,  111., 
Dec.  6,  1830  ;  came  to  this  county 
April  4,  1853  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land.  Has  held  the  office  of  Town 
Trustee,  Assessor  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  He  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Tate  in  1850  ;  she  was  born  in  Indiana; 
has  four  children — Curtis,  Sylvanus, 
Lenora  Ellen  and  Emory. 

Delano,  E.  N.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Dennis.  I.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  O.  Albion. 

Dent,  D.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Dever,  D.  S.,  blacksmith,  Albion. 

Dunham,  John.  Road  Supervisor,  Albion. 

THMES,  HENRY,  ret.  far.,  Albion. 

~1~\ALLAS,  WM.,  attorney,  Albion. 

Perguson,  S.  C,  plasterer,  Albion. 

FRAIiE  Y,  J.  D.,  far.  S.  33  ;  P.  0. 
Albion  ;  born  in  Indiana  in  1850  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1863;  owns  120 
acres.  He  married  Miss  Lou.  Hobbs 
in  1872  ;  she  was  born  in  this  county; 
has  one  son. 

GARVER,  A.   A.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0. 
Albion. 
'Grubber,  John,  shoemaker,  Albion. 
TTAMILTON,  A.,  laborer,  Albion. 

Hamlin,  Jas.,  far.,   S.  31 ;    P.  0.  Albion. 
Harsha.  A.  J.,  retired,  Albion. 
HASTINGS,   OBED,    farmer,   S. 
!• ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 


N.  Y.,  in  1815;  he  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Massachusetts,  where  he  re- 
mained for  a  number  of  years,  and  in 
1850,  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years,  coming  to  this 
county  in  1853;  he  owns  145  acres  of 
land.  He  married  Mrs.  .'VlaryJ.  Woods 
(whose  maiden  name  was  Woods ) ;  she 
was  born  in  Ohio  ;  has  two  children — 
Fred  and  William  Penn.  Mrs.  Hast- 
ings has  four  children  by  previous  mar- 
riage— Rollin,  David,  Catharine  and 
Sarah  Woods. 

Hauser,  Gleo.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.   Albion. 

Hauser,  Jacob,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  O.  Albion. 

Hauser,  L.,  far.  S.  31;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Heacock,  J.  U.,  far.,  S.  5  ;    P.  0.  Albion. 

Hendong,  F.,far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

HOBBS,  JOHN  B.,  flirmer,  S.  8  ; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Lee  Co.,  Va.,  in 
1812  ;  emigrated  to  Indiana  and  lived 
there  eight  years,  removing  to  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Iowa,  in  1840,  and,  in  1850, 
came  to  this  county  ;  owns  157  acres  of 
land.  He  was  the  first  County  Judge 
of  Marshall  Co.  He  married  Miss  EmUy 
Hasty  in  1839  ;  she  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky ;  has  six  children — Sarah  J., 
Oscar,  Milton,  Lois  A.,  Charlie  P.  and 
John  F.;  lost  two — Harriet  M.  and  Albert 
W.;  the  latter  died  from  disease  con- 
tracted in  the  army. 

Hobbs,  Milton  D.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

HOUGHTON,  G.  W.,  former,  S. 
5  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Jay,  Essex 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1835 ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1866 ;  owns  124  acres.  '  Has 
held  the  office  of  School  Director.  He 
married  Miss  Clarinda  Tender,  who  was 
born  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.;  have  three 
children — Frank  H.,  Lydia  M.  and 
Fred  G. 

Houghton,  M.  B.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.;0.  Albion. 

Howell,  Nicholas,  retired,  Albion. 

HITMLONG,  GEORGE,  farmer, 
S.  31  ;  P.  O.  Albion  ;  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1845  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1861;  owns  160  acres.  He  married 
Miss  Loa  Millen  in  1868  ;  she  was  born 
in  Massachusetts  ;  have  one  child — 
Annetta. 

Hussey,  M.  J.,  far.,  S.  30 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 
NGLEDUE,  A.,  retired  farmer,  Albion. 


I 


JAMISON,  C.    H.,  guard    at    Peniten- 
tiary. 


666 


DIRECTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Juit.  W..  far.,  S.  !» ;   P.  0.  Blairstown. 

KETCHA^I,  1..,  former,  Sec.  36  ; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1820  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1850  ; 
owns  173  acres  of  land.  Has  held  the 
office  of  Town  Trustee.  He  married 
Lucinda  Dean  in  1849  ;  she  was  born  in 
Indiana  ;  have  two  children — Leah  A. 
and  Rosette  J. 

LAMB,  J.  H.,  carpenter,  Albion. 
Larrison,  F.,  plasterer,  Albion. 

Launsbcrry,  C.,  far.  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Lewis,  E.,  physician,  Albion. 

Long,  V,  Albion. 

liOrCKS,  ADAH,  retired  former  ; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Herkimer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1818  ;  lived  eight  years  in 
Michigan,  and  May  18,  1855,  came  to 
this  county  ;  he  owns  163  acres  of  land  ; 
he  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the 
.  locality  where  he  settled  ;  the  first  year 
broke  prairie  and  planted  sod  corn,  and 
obtained  fifty  bushels  per  acre  without 
any  cultivation ;  he  has  always  taken 
great  interest  in  educational  matters,  and 
is  a  firm  and  earnest  supporter  of  the  M. 
E.  Church,  with  which  he  is  connected. 
He  married  Miss  Jane  Collier  Dec.  25, 
1838;  she  was  born  in  Steuben  Co.,  N. 
Y. ;  have  ten  children — Henry,  James, 
•  Clark,  John,  Bradley,  Agnes,  Cordelia, 
George,  Collier  and  Kizzie. 

MARSHALL,  H.,  school  teacher  ; 
Albion. 

McCOY,  JOHN,  carpenter  and  farm- 
er, Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  Dec.  16,  1824; 
came  to  this  county  Sept.  6, 1854;  owns 
forty  acrts  of  land.  He  enlisted  in  the 
32d  I.  V.  I.,  Aug.  15,  1862,  and  served 
two  years  and  nine  months.  Has  held 
the  office  of  Town  Trustee.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Winget  Nov.  29, 
1849  ;  she  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Penn. ;  have  five  children — Homer  L, 
Elmus  M.,  John  C  Fremont,  Mary  F. 
r.  aii.l  Cora  Belle. 

MeKIBBEX,J.  H.,  former,  Sec. 
29";  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1843;  came  to  this  county  in 
1865  ;  owns  280  acres  of  land.  He 
married  Miss  Cynthia  Shannon  in  1865  ; 
she  was  born  in  Ohio ;  have  seven 
children — James  F.,  George  W.,  Thos. 
F.,  Matthew  W.,  Francis  R.,  Mary  E. 
and  baby. 


McKIIiL,  R.,  phvsician,  Sec.  1;  P. 
O.  Albion  ;  born  in  Ohio  Oct.  18, 1818  ; 
came  to  this  county  in  1855  ;  has  prac- 
ticed his  profession  twenty-six  years ; 
owns  278  acres  of  land.  He  married 
Miss  L.  Bear  in  1842  ;  she  was  born  in 
A^irginia  ;  have  two  children  —  John 
B.  and  Elkanah  B.;  lost  one  son — 
Robert  B. 

jflAR^iH,  J.  H.,  druggist  and  dealer 
in  paints,  oils  and  glass,  Albion  ;  born  in 
Columbia  Co..  Ohio,  in  1814;  cametothis 
county  in  1859  ;  owns  ninety -six  acres 
of  land  ;  has  served  as  County  Super- 
visor. He  married  Emily  J.  Armstrong 
in  1841  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio,  and 
died  in  1860;  he  afterward  married 
Hannah  Griffith  in  1862 ;  she  was  born 
in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.  ;  have  four 
children  by  first  marriage — Theodore 
P.,  L.  Evaline,  Philena  and  Wilmer    L. 

Martin,  W.,  far.,  Sec.  35  ;  P.   O.   Albion. 

MIELER,  CHARLES,  former,  S. 
6  ;  P.  O.  Albion  ;  born  in  Grayson  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1824;  came  to  this  State  in 
1836,  and  to  this  county  in  1852  ;  owns 
188  acres  of  land.  He  married  Miss 
Lydia  Miller  in  1847  ;  she  w;is  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  died  in  1856.  He  aft- 
erward married  Deborah  Miller  in  1857  ; 
she  was  born  in  Illinois,  and  died  in 
1873.  Has  two  children — Mary  A.  and 
James  W.,  by  first  marriage,  and  six  by 
the  second — Nancy  E.,  Lucretia  E., 
Ruth,  John  F.,  Francis  M.  and  Val 
Ionia  ;  lost  four. 

Miller,  G.  S.,  tar.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Mishler,J.,  far.;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Mitchell,  J.,  wagon  maker,  Albion. 

Modhn,  J.  W.,  wagon  maker,  Albion. 

Moffatt,  A.  C,  far!,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Myers,  A.,  butcher,  Albion. 

Myers,  J.  B.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  O.  Albion. 

PATTON,  G.,  far.  and  fruit  grower, 
Albion.  ' 

Patton,  W.  L.,  grain,  stock  and  lumber 
dealer,  Albion. 

Patrick,  H.  S.,  attorney,  Albion. 

Philbrick,  N..  carpenter.  Albion. 

POST,  W.  D.,  grain  and  lumber 
dealer,  Albion ;  born  in  Richland  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1846  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
Dec,  1849.  He  enlisted  in  the  163d  Ohio 
V.  I.,  in  the  late  war.  He  married  Miss 
M.  M.  Story  in  1868;  she  was  born  in 
Crawford  Co.,  Ohio;    has  two  children 


SMITH,  WM.  €.,  HOX.,  born 
near  Mt.  Pleasant,  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 
Dec.  15,  1823 ;  lived  there  until  he  was 
6  years  of  age,  then  moved  to  George- 
town, Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  re- 
sided four  years  ;  then  went  to  Salem, 
JefiPerson  Co. ,  Ohio,  and  lived  there  two 
years  ;  from  Salem  he  moved  to  Coshoc- 
ton, where  he  remained  three  years ; 
then  emigi-ated  to  Owen  Co.,  Ind. ; 
after  nine  years'  residence  there,  he 
came  to  Jasper  Co.,  Iowa,  arriving  there 
in  1847  ;  in  April,  1848,  he  came  to 
Marshall  Co. ;  assisted  to  build  the  first 
house  on  Timber  Creek  in  that  month  ; 
in  September,  1848,  he  settled  in  this 
county  ;  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and 
teaching  school  before  coming  to  Iowa  ; 
after  coming  here,  he  taught  school,  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  preached  consid 
siderably  (the  Judge  is  a  minister  of  the 
Christian  Church).  He  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Board  of  County  Commis- 
sioners in  August,  1849  ;  served  in  that 
capacity  until  the  Board  of  Commi-sion- 
ers  was  abolished,  in  August,  1851  ;  he 
became  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  in 
April,  1850 ;  in  April,  1853,  he  was 
elected  County  Judge ;  held  that  office 


continuously  until  Jan.  1,  18G0  ;  he  was 
member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors 
from  January,  1863,  to  January,  1875  ; 
he  was  the  first  Postmaster  in  Marshall 
Co.  ;  appointed  in  August,  1850  ;  the 
post  office  was  Timber  Creek  ;  he  held 
that  position  until  he  moved  to  Mariet- 
ta, in  April,  1853;  in  the  Fall  of  that 
year,  he  was  appointed  Postmaster  of 
Marietta,  and  held  that  office  several 
years  ;  he  was  Enrolling  Officer  and 
Deputy  U.  S.  Marshal  from  the  Spring 
of  1863  until  the  close  of  the  war;  he 
served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Tim- 
ber Creek  Tp.  From  1862  to  1875,  he 
resided  in  Timber  Creek  Tp.  He  was 
Pastor  of  the  Christian  Church  at  dem- 
ons' Grove  one  year  ;  since  then,  he  has 
resided  in  Albion,  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business.  In  1870,  he  served  as 
Deputy  U.  S.  ^larshal  for  taking  the 
census  of  the  south  half  of  Marshall  Co. 
He  married  Amanda  Jane  Cooper  Oct. 
16,  1843;  she  was  born  in  Pulaski  Co., 
Ky.,  Feb.  24,  1829;  they  have  four 
children — Newton  F.,  born  April  16, 
1848;  Albert  W.,  born  Dec.  8,  1855  ; 
Maggie  A.,  born  May  5,  1857,  and 
Alice  A.,  born  Dec.  26,  1869. 


IOWA  TOWNSHIP. 


667 


— Edna  Z.  and  Lillian  I. ;  lost  one  son 

— Leland  D. 
Pool,  R.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 
"OANDOLPH,  D.  W.,  grocer,  Albion. 

RAMSEY,  J.  «.,  farmer.  Sec.  30  ; 
P.  O.  Albion ;  born  in  Highland  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  4, 1852  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1860  ;  owns  forty  acres  of  land.  His 
father,  James  Ramsey,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  at  an  early  age,  removed  to 
Ohio,  where  he  lived  until  his  removal 
to  this  county  in  1860.  He  died  in  1862. 
His  mother  still  survives. 

Roberts,  H.  C.,  warehouseman,  Albion. 

Rogers,  A.  C,  grocer,  Albion. 

Roi^ton,  John,  far.,  S.  32 ;    P.  0.  Albion. 

Rolston,  J.  B.,  grain,  stock  and  lumber 
dealer,  Albion. 

ROLSTOX,  JESSE,  farmer.  Sec. 
32  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1836  ;  came  to  this  county  in 
in  1859  ;  owns  eighty  acres.  Has  held 
the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  School 
Board.  He  enHsted  in  the  32d  Iowa  V. 
I.  in  the  late  war,  and  served  two  years 
and  eleven  months.  He  married  Miss 
Catherine  Melton  in  1860  ;  she  was  born 
in  Iowa,  and  died  in  February,  1868; 
he  afterward  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Ramsey  in  1869 ;  she  was  born  in 
Highland  Co.,  Ohio  ;  has  one  child  by 
first  marriage — Jennie  M.,  and  five  by 
second  marriage — Dora  B.,  Lenora  D., 
Gertie  M.,  Susan  and  Nellie  J. ;  lost  one 
sun— Charles  T. 

Richey,  Simon,  physician,  Albion. 

Rundolph,  D.  B  ,  merchant,  Albion. 

SHOEMAKER,  G.  J.,  inventor,  Al- 
bion. 

Shoemaker,  Joseph,  grocer,  Albion. 

SPIXDI^ER,  T.  J.,  farmer  Sec.  1  ; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  Allegheny  Co., 
Penn.,  July  4,  1831  ;  came  to  this 
county  April  20, 1855  ;  owns  33^  acres. 
Has  held  the  offices  of  Town  Clerk  and 
Assessor  ten  years.  He  enlisted  in  the 
32d  Iowa  V.  I.  in  the  late  war,  and 
Served  until  discharged  on  account  of 
disability.  He  married  Miss  AnnaWilt- 
fong  in  1860  ;  she  was  boru  in  ^liehi- 
gan  ;  has  three  children — Inez,  Evelyn 
and  Jennie ;  lost  two — Emery  A.  and 
Junia. 

STAXLY,  A.,  miller,  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Albion  ;  born  in  Ohio  in  1826  ;  came  to 


this  county  in  1857  ;  he  is  proprietor  of 
Stanley's  Mill,  which  was  built  in  1876  ; 
has  three  run  of  stone,  with  facility  for 
five  run  ;  present  capacity,  150  bushels 
of  wheat  per  day.  He  married  Isabel 
Stanley  in  1857  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio 
and  died  in  1858 ;  he  afterward  married 
Edith  Marsh,  in  1864;  she  was  born  in 
Ohio  ;  has  one  child  by  first  marriage. 

SWEARINGEX,  THOS.,  firm- 
er and  stock  raiser.  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Albion  ; 
born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn.,  Sept.  27, 
1826;  in  1834,  he  removed  to  Ohio, 
and  came  to  this  county  in  1855  ;  he 
owns  780  acres  of  land.  He  married 
Miss  Amanda  E.  Dunlap  in  1853  ;  she 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  Oct.  23, 1830  : 
has  nine  children — Alice  A.,  Jessie  B., 
Ida  M.,  Myrtie  I.,  Chubbie  A.,  Maggie, 
Emmet  L.,  Fi'ank  T.  and  Raymond  G. 

rpEBB,  JAMES,  shoemaker,  Albion. 

Thurston,  Wm.,  warehouseman,  Albion. 

Treadway,  A.  F.,coal  and  lime  dlr.,  Albion. 

Tripp,  Stephen,  retired,  Albion. 

Troutman,  E.,  far.,  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Troutman,  Geo.,  merchant,  Albion. 

TUCKER,  _T.  W.,  farmer,  stock 
raiser  and  fruit  grower.  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Albion  ;  born  in  Beaver  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1831  ;  he  i-emoved  to  Indiana  in  1839, 
and  came  to  this  county  in  1856  ;  owns 
375  acres  of  land  ;  a  portion  of  the  time 
since  he  came  to  this  county,  has  been 
occupied  in  teaching.  He  has  served  as 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools.  He 
married  Miss  Sarah  Van  Vracken  in 
1866 ;  she  was  born  in  New  York  ;  has 
three  children — Anna  E..  S.  Eleanor 
and  babv- 

Turner,  A.  T.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

WALDEN,  FREEMAN,  Pastor 
Christian  Church,  Albion. 

Walden,  F.,  Pastor  Disciples  Church,  Al- 
bion. 

Walker,  Wm.  E.,  house  mover,  Albion. 

Waters,  G.  M.,  far.,  S.  32;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Way,  D.  B.,  harness  maker,  Albion. 

Whealen,  F.  S.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Wheeler,  Gideon,  merchant,  Albion. 

Wheeler,  Wm.  C,  grocer,  Albion. 

Wheeler,  Wm.,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Williamson,  Wm.,  teamster.  Albion. 

WORCESTER,  DAVID,  retired, 
Albion  ;  born  in  New  Hampshire  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1861. 


668 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


LOGAN    TOWNSHIP. 


A   RMSTRONG,  ROBERT 

BAGLEY,  J.  H.,  farmer,  S.  4 ;  P.  O. 
State  Centre. 

Bechley,  David,  far.,  S.  5;  P.O.  Lamoille. 

Brandt,  J.,  far.,  S.  34;  P.  0.  Newton. 

BROWN,  J.  G,,  fanner,  S.  23  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Fulton  Co., 
111.,  in  1839  ;  located  in  tliis  county  in 
1871.  Married  Miss  Annie  M.  Negely 
in  1866  ;  she  was  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Penn.,  in  18-12;  she  is  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican. Was  Supervisor  three  years. 
He  owns  840  acres  of  land,  worth  $25 
per  ;«cre.  Enlisted  in  the  55th  111.  V. 
I.,  Oct.,  1861  ;  re-enlisted  as  veteran  in 
1864  ;  discharged  in  Aug.,  1865  ;  'was 
Sergt.  Major  of  his  regiment ;  he  never 
lost  from  duty  but  one  day  during  his 
four  years  service  ;  was  never  wounded 
or  captured ;  went  with  Sherman  on 
his  march  to  the  sea. 

CLARK,  H.  B.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Conklin,  J.  &  A.,  fars.,  S.  3 ;  P.  O.  Marshall- 
town. 

Coppersmith,  L.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

CRAMER,  A.  J.,  firmer,  S.  24  ; 
P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Indiana  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1833  ;  located  in  this  county 
in  1865.  Married  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Boll 
(maiden  name  Hawley)  in  1869;  she 
was  born  in  Indiana  ;  they  have  one 
child — Cora  E.,  born  July  8,  1875  ;  she 
had  four  children  by  a  former  marriage 
— Samuel  C,  Ennels  D.,  William  D. 
and  Harry  L.  She  is  a  Methodist.  Mr. 
C.  is  a  Democrat.  Enli.sted  in  the  29th 
111.  V.  I.,  Co.  C,  in  18G4  ;  served  to  the 
close  of  the  war ;  mu.'^tered  out  at  Camp 

McC ,  Davenport,   Iowa.     Owns 

eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  i)er 
acre. 

Crawford,  J.  C,  far.,  S.  19  ;    P.  O.  State 

DAMMIN,  FRED,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  O. 
Marshalltown. 
Dammin,  Martin,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Mar-. 

.shalltown. 
DAXNEN,   C]}E0R<;K,    farmer,  S. 
11  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Ger- 


many in  1842  ;  located  in  Ogle  Co.,  111.,^ 
in  1866,  and  in  this  county  in  1873. 
Married  Henrietta  Smith  in  1870;  she 
was  born  in  Germany  in  1845  ;  they 
two  children — Benjamin  J.,  born  Jan. 
31,  1871,  and  Jacob,  born  Aug.  16, 
1873.  Republican  in  politics.  Owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S25  per 
aci'e. 

EIBS,  TWIOEN,  farmer,  S.  24  ; 
P.  O.  Mar.shalltown  ;  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1835 ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1864.  Married  Doris  Plandall  in  1862  y 
she  was  born  in  Germany ;  have 
six  children — Annie,  Emmi,  Matt, 
Mary,  Renhardt  and  Rudolph.  Are 
Lutherans.  He  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

EMMERT,  WILLIAM  H.,  far  , 

Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Newton  ;  born  in  Bed- 
ford Co.,  Penn.,  in  1849  ,  located  in 
this  county  in  1876.  Married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Hancock  in  1870;  she  was 
born  in  1848  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Penn. ; 
have  two  boys — George  P.,  born  Dec. 
19,  1871,  and  Wm.  Austin,  born  May 
23,  1873.  Are  members  of  the  M.  E 
Church,  of  which  he  is  Steward  ;  Dem- 
ocratic in  politics.  Road  Supervisor. 
Owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre. 

FORBES,  E.,  far.,  S.  14;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

f^^  IFFORD,  A.  F.,  tar.,  S.  25  ;    P.  0. 

VX     Miirshalltown. 

GOWDY,  JAMEN  S.,  former. 
Sec.  22  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Clark  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  28,  1827  ;  moved 
to  Henderson  Co.,  111.,  in  the  Fall  of 
1858,  and  located  in  this  county  in  1870. 
Married  Agnes  E.  Anderson  in  1852; 
she  wa«  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1829  ;  their  children  are  J.  Riley,  l)urn 
Nov.  29,  1854;  Jennie,  Dec.  8,  1859; 
Lizzie  B.,  Nov.  21,  1862;  Robert  S., 
March  9,  1869.  Are  members  of  the 
Congregational  Church,  of  which  he  is 
Treasurer ;  has  also  been  Township 
Treasurer  five  years,  and  is  Justice  of 
the  Peace  the  present  term.  Owns  440 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

Gowdy,  J.,  far.,  S.  23 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 


LOGAN   TOWNSHIP. 


669' 


GO  WHY,  J.  RII.EY,  farmer,  Sec. 
15;  P.  0.  iVlarshalltown  ;  born  in  Hen- 
derson Co.,  111.,  in  1854  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1870.  Married  Miss  Sophrona 
Smith  in  1876  ;  she  was  born  in  Mus- 
catine Co.,  Iowa,  in  1852.  They  are 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church, 
of  which  he  is  Secretary.  He  is  Town- 
ship Constable.  He  rents  seventy  acres 
from  his  father,  James  S.  Gowdy. 

HARMON,  KOBERT,  farmer.  Sec. 
31;   P.O.Newton. 

HALL.,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Sec.  11  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  Guernsey 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1839  ;  located  in  this  coun- 
ty in  1857.  Married  Miss  Mercy  J. 
Wheeler  in  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1841  ;  children — William  J.,  born 
Sept.  3, 1864  ;  Jacob  E.,  Oct.  27, 1867 ; 
Violetta  I.,  March  3,  1869  ;  Laura  E., 
Aug.  31,  1872;  Mary  E.,  Sept.  13, 
1873  ;  Le  Roy  E.,  Nov.  13, 1876.  He 
rents  from  his  uncle  200  acres  of  land. 

Healey,  J.  B.,  for.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

TORDAX,  JAME$$,  farmer.  Sec. 

cJ  28  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  in 
County  Down,  Ireland,  in  1828;  came 
to  this  country  in  1856,  and  located  in 
this  county  in  1871.  Married  Mary 
Ennis  in  1856  ;  she  was  born  in  Ireland ; 
have  four  children  living — Jabez,  Emma, 
Carson  and  Charles.  Are  members  of 
the  M.  E.  Church ;  he  is  Republican. 
School  Director.  Owns  160  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 

KLANENBURG,  WILLIAM,  farm- 
er, Sec.  34  ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

KETTXER,  A.,  farmer.  Sec.  34  ;  P. 
0.  Newton  ;  born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Penn., 
in  1825  ;  moved  to  Keokuk  Co.,  Iowa, 
in  1869,  and  located  in  this  county  in 
1871.  Married  Mary  Gladfetter  in 
1844  ;  she  was  born  in  Lycoming  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1825  ;  they  have  seven  chil- 
dren— Elizabeth  J.,  Mary  R.,  Almira, 
Susan  C,  Harvey  A.,  Francis  A.  and 
Richard  D.  Mr.  Kettneris  Independent 
in  politics.  He  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

Klatt,  J.,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Knoll,  J.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

KOBBE,  CLEMEXS,  former,  Sec. 
1  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1842.  Married  Kate  Lampker 
in  1855  ;  she  was  also  born  in  Germany  ; 
their  children    Joseph,  Henry,  Bernard, 


Herman,  Clemens,  John  and  Mary, 
were  born  in  this  country.  They  are 
Catholics ;  he  is  a  Democrat.  Owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre. 

KROENER,  €.,  farmer,  Sec.  8 ;  P. 
O.  State  Centn' ;  born  in  Germany  in 
1836;  came  to  this  country  in  1851, 
and  located  in  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  and  in  this 
county  in  1869.  He  married  Julia 
Smith  in  1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1834  ;  have  four  children — 
Henrietta,  born  May  15,  1861  ;  George 
W.,  born  July  4,  1866;  Kate,  born 
Sept.  25, 1867  ;  Christine,  born  Aug.  6, 
1869.  Are  members  of  the  Evangel- 
ical Association  of  which  he  is  an  active 
member  and  principal  ofl&cial  in  this  lo- 
cality ;  he  owns  400  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $15,000.  He  enlisted  in  the  15th 
111.'  V.  I.,  Co.  F,  and  served  with  his 
command  to  the  close  of  the  war ;  he 
was  present  at  the  grand  review  in 
Washington  ;  mustered  out  at  close  of 
war. 

"T    EINS,  M.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

LEAMER,  W.  R.,  farmer,  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  Newton  ;  born  in  Blair  Co.,  Penn., 
in  1830  ;  moved  to  Scott  Co.,  111.,  in 
1857,  and  to  this  county  in  1872.  He 
married  Bridget  A.  McKinney  in  1855  ; 
she  was  born  in  Cambria  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1845  ;  have  eight  children — James  H., 
born  July  1,  1856  ;  Louis,  born  Dec. 
6,  1857  ;  Ida  May,  born  May  2,  1859  ; 
Ada  May,  born  Jan.  24,  1861 ;  Charles 
W.,  born  Oct.  12,  1865;  Sarah  E., 
born  June  21,  1869  ;  Susan  C,  born 
Oct.  24,  1871  ;  John  Thomas,  born 
June  12,  1875.  Mr,  Leamer  is  a  Re- 
publican. School  Director.  Owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 
He  enlisted  in  2d  I.  V.  C,  Co.  C,  Aug., 
1861 ;  mustered  out  Oct.,  1864  ;  served 
with  his  regiment  and  never  missed 
duty. 

Lemker,  H.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

EZEN,  far.,    34;    P.     O. 


M 


Newton. 

McCOJIBS,  WILLIAM,  farmer. 
Sec.  9  ;  P.  O.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Harrison 
Co.,  Ohio.,  in  1840;  moved  to  Mahaska 
Co.,  Iowa  in  1865,  and  to  this  county  in 
1877.       Married    Sarah   L.  Lukans  in 


670 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


1864 ;  she  was  born  in  Harrison  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1833  ;  have  three  children — 
Edgar  C,  born  Sept.  11,  1866  ;  Reason 
W.,  born  May  17,  1868;  Warren  L., 
born  Sept.  23,  1870.  Mrs.  McCombs 
is  a  member  of  the  Friends'  Society ; 
Mr.  MeC.  is  Independent  in  politics.  He 
owns  sixty  acres  of  laud  in  Mahaska  Co., 
Iowa,  worth  8-tO  per  acre,  and  rente  100 
acres  in  this  county. 

MC^VIAHON,  DANIEL  S.,  farm- 
er. Sec.  35 ;  P.  0.  Newton  ;  born  in 
Waukesha  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1847;  moved 
to  this  county  in  1876.  Married  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Morrison  in  1873 ;  she  was 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1849  ;  they  have  one  child — Clinton  E.. 
born  Nov.  28,  1876  ;  owns  160  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  840  per  acre. 

MEAI.:fIAX,  WILLIAM,  farm- 
er, Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Newton  ;  born  in 
Rock  Island  Co.,  111.,  in  1851 ;  located 
ill  this  county  in  1877.  Married  Mary 
E.  Parks  in  1875  ;  she  was  born  in 
Henry  Co.,  111.,  in  1860  ;  they  have  two 
children — Nettie  May,  born  July  23, 
1876;  David  A.,  born  Jan.  27,  1878. 
He  owns  120  acres  of  laud,  valued  at  S40 
per  acre. 

Morris.  H.,  far.,  S.  18 ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

IVTASON,  S.,  far.  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  State 

.LM       Centre. 

Nevil,  B.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Northrop,  J.,  far.,  S.  32  ;  P.    0.   Newton. 

i^TTE,  H.,  far,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

O WINGS,  THOMAS  C,  farmer, 
S.  14;  P.  0.  M:ii>halltown  ;  born  in 
Carroll  Co.,  111.,  in  1851  ;  located  in 
this  county  in  1867.  Married  Miss 
Sarah  J.  Ashworth  in  1872 ;  she  was  born 
in  Clinton  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1852  ;  they  have 
two  children — George  L.,  born  Aug.  11, 
1873;  Scott,  born  July  15,  1875.  Mrs. 
().  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
Church ;  he  is  a  Republican,  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  !?30  per  acre. 

Owiugs,  William,  farmer.  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0. 
Mar.shalltown. 

PETERSNE    &   HANSON,  farmers, 
Sec.  2  ;    P.  O.  Lamoille. 
PHILLIPS,  AMOS,  tanner,  Sec. 
1 1  ;   P.  0.    Marshalltowii  ;  born  iu  Erie 
Co.,   Ohio,    in    1847  ;     located    in   this 
county  in    1854.     Married   Miss  Mary 


Densel  in  1876  ;  she  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania ;  they  have  one  child  born  May 
16, 1878.  He  is  a  Republican.  He  owns 
160  acres  of  land  in  a  high  state  of  cul- 
tivation, worth  S30  per  acre. 

Phillips,  G.,  far.,  S.  20  ;    P.   0.  Lamoille. 

Phillips,  J.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

Pul,  Oto,  far.,  S.  16;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pyfer,  J.  S  ,fiir.,  S.  16;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

RHODES,  I.   A.,  flirmer,  Sec.  11  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

Rogers,  M.,   far.,   S.   1  ;  P.   0.  Marshall- 
town. 
SECOR,  W.  S.,  farmer.  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0. 
Newton. 

SEE,  C.  B.,  farmer,  Sec.  20;  P.  0. 
State  Centre  ;  born  in  Cattaraugus  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1833;  moved  to  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  in  1839,  thence  to  Walworth  Co., 
Wis.,  in  1845 ;  thence  to  Green  Lake 
Co.,  Wis.,  in  1847  ;  thence  to  Eau  Claire 
in  1854,  to  Minnesota  in  1871,  and  lo- 
cated in  this  county  in,  1874.  Married 
Parmelia  A.  Emerick  in  1858;  she  was 
born  in  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  have  two 
children— Fanny,  born  Oct.  13,  1860  ; 
Forrest  W.,  born  Jan.  3i<,  1868.  Mrs. 
C.  is  a  Methodist.  He  is  a  Republican. 
He  cultivates  320  acres. 

SHEARER,  PETER,  farmer.  Sec. 
10;  P.  O.  Lamoille;  born  in  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt.,  in  1824;  moved  to  Marshall 
Co.,  111.,  in  1864,  and  located  in  this 
county  in  1869,  Married  Miss  Nancy 
Somers  in  1851  ;  she  was  born  in  same 
county  in  1829;  have  four  children — 
Frank  D..  born  Jan.  10.  1852  ;  Carrie 
J.,  Auu-.  1,  1853;  Emma  L.,  Auu.  18, 
1855  -."^  William  R.,  July  26,  1857.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Shearer  are  members  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  was  Justice  of  the  Peace 
ten  years  in  Vermont  and  six  years  in 
this  county;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
with  nice  improvements,  groves,  etc., 
worth  S40  per  acre. 

SHEARER,  THOMAS  J.,  far , 

S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  was  born  in 
Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1833 ;  went  to 
California  in  1854,  and  returned  to 
A''ermout  in  1858  ;  moved  to  Marshall 
Co.,  Ill,  in  1868,  and  located  in  this 
county  in  Jan.,  1869.  Married  Miss 
Caroline  Somers  in  1860  ;  she  was  born 
in  the  same  county  in  Vermont  in  1837  ; 
have  four  children — Alice  M.,  born  Oct. 


LOGAN  TOWNSHIP. 


671 


29.  1862  ;  Louisa  M.,  March  27,  1864; 
Katie  A.,  Oct.  25,  1868;  Nancy  I., 
Feb.  5,  1875.  Are  members  of  the 
Congregational  Churcli.  Mr.  S.  is  a 
Republican  and  is  President  of  the 
School  Board  of  Directors.  He  owns 
160  acres  of  land  worth  $35  per 
acre. 

SOIONTOl^,  J.  I..,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  boni  in  Portland, 
Me.,  in  1833  ;  moved  to  La  Salle  Co., 
111.,  in  1852,  thence  to  Henry  Co., 
in  1853,  and  located  in  this  county 
in  1868.  He  married  Miss  Lydia  D. 
Chichester  in  1865  ;  she  was  born  in 
Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1839  ;  their  chil- 
dren are  Eliphalet  C,  born  May  16, 
1867  ;  Mary  J.,  Aug.  26,  1869  ;  Annie 
B.,  Sept.  9,  1873;  Lucy  E.,  Oct.  21, 
1877.  Are  Free-Will  Baptists;  Re- 
publican. Owns  100  acres  of  land  with 
§40  per  acre. 

SOORHOLZ,  JOHN,  farmer,  S. 
9  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Ger- 
many inl856  ;  came  t«  this  country  in 
1854,  and  located  in  this  county  in 
1869.  Married  Katie  Smith  in  1858  ; 
she  was  born  in  Germany  ;  their  chil- 
dren are  Katie,  born  Sept.  8,  1860; 
Claus,  May  4,  1862;  John,  Nov.  16, 
1871  ;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land,  with 
good  improvements,  worth  835  per 
acre. 

Strow.  Wm.  J.,  far.,  S.  34;  P.  0.  Newton. 

TIGGES,  WILLIAM,  farmer,  S.  13  ; 
P.  O.  Marshalltown. 

THOMAS,  HEXRY  (deceasedV, 
born  in  Canada ;  located  in  this  country 
when  a  boy.  Married  Lucretia  Register 
in  1850 ;  she  was  born  in  Columbiana 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1833  ;  has  five  children — 
William,  born  Dec.  30,  1852;  Mary 
E.,  Jan.  27,  1854  ;  Sarah  J.,  April  14, 
1857  ;  Amasa,  Dec.  28,  1859  ;  Louis 
H.,  March  19,  1861.  Mr.  Thomas  en- 
listed Aug.,  1861,  in  the  7th  I.  V.  I., 
Co.  D.  He  was  killed  in  action  at  the 
battle  of  Belmont,  Mo.,  Nov.  7,  1861. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war, 
and  present  at  the  capture  of  the  City  of 
Mexico,  under  Gen.  James  Shields. 
William  Thomas,  oldest  son  of  Henry, 
is  a  Republican.  Owns  160  acres, 
worth  S20  per  acre. 

TIGijJES,  FREDERICK,  farm- 
er, Sec.  13;   P.O.   Marshalltown;  born 


in  Germany,  1834 ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1856.     Married  Rosania  Stroburg  in 

1863  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  ;  have 
seven     children — Mary,    born    Nov.   4, 

1864  ;  William,  April  29,  1866  ;  Fred, 
July  — ,  1870  ;  Emma,  July  2,  1871 ; 
Henry,  Feb.  3,  1872  ;  Augusta,  April 
18,  1874;  August,  Jan.  7,  1877.  Are 
Lutherans ;  Democrat.  He  owns  200 
acres,  valued  at  S40  jter  acre. 

TUCKER,  JOHN  H.,  farmer.  Sec. 
5  ;  P.  0.  Stale  Centre  ;  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1828 ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1877.  Married  Mrs.  Jose- 
phine Spaulding  (maiden  name  Baldwin)  - 
in  1876  ;  she  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1845  ;  one  child — Harley,  born  July  28, 
1877  ;  Mrs.  Tucker  has  three  children 
by  a  former  marriage — Eva  Spaulding, 
born  March  15,  1868;  Shellie,  Nov.  14, 
1870  ;  Katie,  May  24,  1873.  Mr.  Tuck- 
er is  a  Democrat.  Owns  150  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

YANBUSKIRK,  W.,  far.,  S.  21  ;   P. 
0.  Lamoille. 

WALTENEGER,  JACOB,  far.,   S. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Newton. 

WAEEACE,  E.  E.,  farmer.  Sec. 
20  ;  P.  0.  State  ('entre ;  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  Md.,  in  1841  ;  moved  to 
Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1844  ;  thence  to  this 
county  in  1871.  Married  Clara  B. 
Waltemyre  in  1869  ;  she  was  born  in 
the  same  county  in  1848;  have  two 
children— Frank  H.,born  Nov.  9,  1870  ; 
Charles  A.,  May  9, 1873.  Republican. 
Owns  1861  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S35 
per  acre.  He  enlisted  in  the  92d  111. 
M.  L,  Co.  D,  in  August,  1862  ;  wound- 
ed at  Tunnell  Hill,  Ga.,  Sept.  17,  1864  ; 
made  the  march  with  Sherman  to 
the  sea,  and  did  not  lose  a  day's  duty 
during  his  term  of  enlistment ;  was  mus- 
tered out  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

Warden,  R.  A.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

WENSEE,  WM.  E.  M.,  farmer, 
Sec.  6;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  Feb. 
25,  1825,  in  Lycoming  Co.,  Penn.  ;  in 
1866,  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  and 
to  his  present  farm ;  he  owns  480  acres, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Married  Mar- 
garet Smitli  Feb.  8, 1849  ;  she  was  born 
Feb.  8,  1828,  in  Lebanon  Co.,  Penn. ; 
have  six  chiklren — George  W.,  Frank- 
lin J.,  Lewis  C,  Flora,  Charles  and 
8 


672 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Kate.  Enlisted,  in  1861,  in  Co.  E,  5th 
Penri.  V.  I. ;  served  three  months,  and 
was  honorably  discharged.  Mr.  W.  has 
held  about  all  the  town.ship  offices.   Are 


members    of    the    German    Reformed 
Church. 
Wing,    Geo.  P.,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 


JEFFERSON    TOWNSHIP. 


ANDREWS,  N.  B.,  far.,  S.  1 ;  P.  0. 
Timber  Creek. 

AULT,  DAXIEL,  B.,  farmer.  Sec. 
36  ;  P.  0.  Giiman  ;  born  in  Morrow  Co., 
Ohio,  Feb.  23,  1852 ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1 869  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  he  is  the  son  of 
Noah  Hampton  Ault,  who  was  born  in 
Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  July  12, 1828,  and 
married  Clarinda  M.  Benedict  April  20, 
1851;  she  was  born  March  3,  1833; 
they  had  seven  children — Daniel  B., 
born  Feb.  23,  1852  ;  Loretta  C,  born 
April  3,  185-4,  she  married  Mr.  Wilder 
Small  Feb.  22,  1871  ;  Andrew  F., 
born  March  1,  1856,  Mary  E.,  born 
Sept  18,  1857,  married  George  Baughn 
Nov,  26,  1873;  Hannah  M.,  born  Jan. 
10,  1859  ;  William  H.,  born  Dec.  24, 
1860  ;  Rosetta  V.,  born  Dec.  19,  1862, 
died  Jan  24,  1877.  Mr.  Noah  Hamp- 
ton Ault  enlisted  in  Co.  G,  82d  Ohio.  V. 
I.,  Oct.  1,  1862,  and  was  with  the  Ar- 
my of  the  Potomac  in  several  battles, 
and  was  killed  May  1,  1863,  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Chancellorsville,  while  fighting  for 
the  Union.  His  widow  married  Fred- 
rick W.  Ault  in  June  1865  ;  their  chil- 
dren are  Dewitt  W.,  born  Nov.  13, 1867  ; 
Hardella  B.,  born  Dec.  13,  1871  ;  Hen- 
ry W.,  born  Oct.  31,   1873. 

BEYE,  HENRY,   farmer,  S.  IZO  ;  P. 
0.  Laurel. 

BAKER,  MONROE,  farmer,  Sec. 
18  ;  P.  O.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Wind- 
ham Co.,  Conn.,  June  23,  1851  ;  lived 
there  until  19  years  of  age,  when 
he  moved  to  Bureau  Co.,  111.,  and 
lived  there  five  years ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1875.  Married  Mercy  A.  Smith  Sept. 
10,1873;  they  have  one  child — Clar- 
ence E.,  born  Oct.  27,  1876.  Mr.  Ba- 
ker and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christ- 
ian Church  ;  in  politics,  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican. Owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
626  per  acre  ;  has  a  pleasant  location  on 


dry  ground  ;    his  father  and  brother  a 
livintz:  near  him. 

BIRKS,  R.  H.,  farmer,  S.  12  ;  P. 
0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in  Logan  Co., 
111.,  Nov.  14,  1849  ;  came  to  this  coun- 
ty with  his  parents  in  the  Spring  of 
1852,  and  has  since  resided  here.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Surelda  Lackey  Dec.  1,  1870; 
she  was  born  in  Indiana ;  they  have  a 
family  of  two  children — Phebe  E.,  born 
Nov.  24,  1872  ;  Effie  F.,  born  March 
10,  1878.  Mr.  B.  is  a  Democrat,  holds 
the  office  of  School  Director.  Owns  130 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

Bloom,  A.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Giiman. 

Bloom,  G.  B.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Giiman. 

Brown,  D.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Brown,  M.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

BrCHHEISTER,  CHARLES 

F.,  far..  Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Laurel ;  born 
in  Washington  Co.,  Ohio,  April  2, 
1850  ;  when  about  4  years  old,  with  his 
parents,  he  came  to  Johnson  Co.,  Iowa, 
where  he  lived  till  February,  1878^ 
when  he  came  to  this  county,  and  is 
beginning  new  on  the  prairie ;  has  al- 
ways been  engaged  in  farming.  Married 
Jane  Mahring  Jan.  22,  1873  ;  she  was 
born  June  7, 1853  ;  their  family  consists- 
of  three  children — John  E.,  born  Jan.  4, 
1875  ;  Edward  F.,  Feb.  5,  1876,  and 
Arthur  E.',  March  20,  1877.  Mr.  B.  is 
Independent  in  politics.  Owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $1,600. 
Buckholz,  Henry,  shoemaker.  Sec.  17;  P. 
0.  Laurel. 

CARNEY,  J.  W.,  far..  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0. 
Laurel. 

Carroll,  M.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Classen,  P^no,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

COOPER,  J.  N.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Timber  Creek  ;  born  in  Owen  Co.,  Ind., 
Nov.  16,  1836  ;  in  1847,  came  to  Jas- 
per Co.,  Iowa,  with  his  parents,  and  the 
following  Spring  to  this  county;  attended 
the  first  school  taught  in  this  county, 


JEFFERSON  TOWNSHIP. 


673 


which  was  held  in  liis  father's  house  ; 
W.  C  Smith  was  the  teacher  ;  helped 
to  do  the  first  plowing  done  in  the 
county ;  used  a  plow  with  a  wooden 
mold-board.  Married  Miss  Mary  J. 
Jewel  Feb.  19,  1858;  their  children 
are  Francis  L.,  born  Oct.  2,  1851) ;  Lu- 
cinda  E.,  June  26,  1863 ;  Perry  J., 
June  16,  1867  ;  Abbie  E.,  April  22, 
1871;  Wilfred,  Jan.  20,  1873;  Estella, 
Nov.  28,  1874.  Mr.  C.  is  a  Repub- 
lican. Owns  190  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $25  per  acre ;  is  engaged  in  raising 
fruit  and  stock. 
CRAMER,  H  ILI^IAM  H.,  far., 
Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in 
Scioto  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  15,  1825  ;  lived 
there  till  25  years  of  ago,  engaged  in 
farming,  when  he  moved  to  Jo  Daviess 
Co.,  111.,  and  bought  a  farm;  in  1866, 
went  to  Missouri,  and  in  1867  returned 
to  Ohio ;  in  1869,  came  to  this  county 
and  has  been  here  since.  Married  Miss 
Caroline  Beloat  Sept.  11,  1845  ;  their 
children  are  Abigail,  Mary,  Susan,  Em- 
ily, Ursuline,  William  and  Rebecca. 
Mr.  C.  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church;  Republican  in  politics. 

DADE,  HENRY,  farmer,  S.  19  ;    P. 
0.  Laurel. 

Determan,  B.,  far.  S.  6 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Determan,  H.,  far,  S.  4;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Dunlap,  C.  C.,far.,S.  10  ;  P.  O.Marshall- 
town. 

TT^ITZ,  B.  F.,   farmer,    Sec.  9  ;  P.   0. 

Aj       Laurel. 

FLACK,  II.  W.,  farmer.  Sec.  29  ; 
P.  0.  Laurel  ;  born  in  Jo  Daviess  Co., 
111.,  May  2,  1835;  lived  there  till  1867; 
engaged  in  farming,  which  he  has  al- 
ways followed ;  leaving  that  county  in 
1867,  he  came  to  the  place  he  now  owns 
— a  farm  of  165  acres  of  splendid  land, 
valued  at  $2,000.  JMr.  F.  married  Mrs. 
Emily  M.  Owens  Allen  Jan.  11,  1863. 
Mr.  Flack  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church  ;  politically  he  is  a  Re- 
publican and  is  now  Constable  of  the 
township. 

Forrey,  H.  F.,  Postmaster,  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0. 
Timber  Creek. 

Fuller,  Geo.  S.,  far.,  S.  16;   P.  0.  Laurel. 

FIJL.LER,  IIATHEW  M„  farm 
er,  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Mason 


Co.,  Ky.,  July  28,  1832  ;  wa,i  brought 
up  on  a  farm  and  has  always  followed  it 
for  a  livelihood.  In  1855,  he  came  to 
this  county  and  wintered  in  Timber 
Creek  Grove  and  the  following  Spring, 
came  to  this  township,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Married  Adaline  Robin- 
son July  9,  1850;  they  have  a  family 
of  three  children  living — Geo.,  Wm.  and 
Wyatt.  Mr.  Fuller  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  M.  E.  Church  at  Laurel. 
He  holds  the  offices  of  Steward,  Trust- 
ee, and  is  Superintendent  of  Sunday 
school ;  takes  an  active  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  Church ;  politically,  Mr. 
F.  is  a  Republican.  Has  a  farm  of 
eighty  acres,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ; 
there  were  only  five  or  six  houses  on  the 
prairie  when  he  settled  here. 
Fuller,  S.,  far.,  S.  16  ;  P.  0.  Laurel.' 
FULLER,  W.  A.,  farmer.  Sec.  24 ; 
P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Bracken  Co., 
Ky.,  Sept.  10,  1854;  came  to  this  coun- 
ty with  his  parents  when  about  2  years 
old,  and  has  made  it  his  home  since. 
Married  Miss  Martha  A.  Birks  Dec. 
24,  1874;  she  is  a  daughter  of  Daniel 
Birks,  of  Timber  Creek  Tp. ;  their  fam- 
ily consists  of  two  children — William  Le 
Roy,  born  March  8,  1876 ;  Adelbert, 
born  Nov.  21,  1877.  Mr.  F.  owns 
eighty  acres,  valued  at  $2,500. 

GEISTER,  JOSEPH,  far.,  S.  20;  P. 
O.  Laurel. 

OARRETT,  WM.  S.,  farmer.  Sec. 
11  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in  Vir- 
ginia Oct.  29,  1803  ;  lived  in  Tennessee, 
Kentucky,  Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  in 
1862,  came  to  this  county;  has  always 
been  a  farmer.  Married  Miss  Sarah 
Drake  June  30,  1821  .  she  was  born  in 
Christian  Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  12,1805;  they 
have  twelve  children  living — Penninah, 
Levi,  Henry,  John,  Polly  A.,  Elizabeth, 
William,  Louisa,  Sarah,  Nancy,  Stephen 
and  Rachel.  Mr.  G.  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church ;  he  is  a 
Democrat.  Owns  forty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

Gilson,  B.  S.,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

GILSOiV,  THOS.  R.,  farmer.  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Frederick 
Co.,  Md.,  March  9,  1851  ;  when  about 
1  year  of  age,  with  his  parents  he  moved 
to  Dubmjue  Co.,  Iowa,  and  remained 
about   eighteen   years,    at    the    end    of 


674 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


which   time  they  moved  to  this  county. 
Married  Elizabeth  Wintersteen  Oct.  5, 
1872  ;  they  have  two  children — Eva  B., 
born  May  27,  1874,  and  William  R., 
Sept.  17,' 1876.      Mr.  G.  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  which 
her  parents,   now   living  in  Jasper  Co., 
are  prominent  membei"S.     For  the  past 
five  Autumns  he  has  followed  threshing, 
owning  and  operating  a  machine  of  his 
own  ;    has  a  good  reputation  for  thor- 
ough work  and  honesty  in  his  dealings 
with  his  patrons;  has  a  farm  of  eighty 
acres,  valued  at  82,40(1. 
GILf^ON,    THO:?IAS   S.,  farmer. 
Sec.  I'J  ;  P.  0.  Laurel  ;  burn  in  Freder- 
ick Co.,  Md.,  Feb.  27, 1825  ;  that  coun- 
ty was  his  home  until   1852,  when   he 
came  to  beautiful  Iowa,  and  made  Du- 
buque Co.  his  home  for  eighteen  years ; 
when  in  Maryland  he  was  engaged  in 
farming,  and   in   Dubuque   Co.  he  en- 
gaged in  the  broom  business,  raising  his 
own  corn,  and  manufacturing  annually 
about     12,000    brooms;    his    receipts 
amounted    to   about  $3,000   per  year ; 
came  to  this  county  in  the  Spring  of 
1870,  and   located  where  he  now  lives  ; 
at  that  time  it  was  bare  prairie,  as  nature 
formed    it ;    but    now   to    take   a   walk 
around  the  place   and  see  the  beautiful 
grove  of  young  maples, the  thrifty  orchard, 
good    house    and    outbuildings,   strong 
fences  and  comfortable  looks  about  the 
place,  and  one  can  hardly  imagine  such 
improvements  could  be  made  in  so  short 
a  lime.    Mr.  G.  is  one  of  our  representa- 
tive farmers  ;  is  quite  largely  engaged  in 
raising  stock,  and  particularly  hogs  ;  he 
also  follows  the  broom  business  to  some 
extent.  Sept.  4,  1844,  he  married  Susan 
E.   GroflF ;  they  have  a  family  of  three 
children,    all    pleasantly    located    near 
them,  and  all  prospering  finely — Benja- 
min S.,  Amanda  C  and  Thomas  R.     Mr. 
Gilson  and  family  are  members   of  the 
M.   E.   Church,   in  which  he  takes  an 
active    interest,    holding    the    offices  of 
Steward,  Trustee,  etc. ;  in  politics,  a  Re- 
pubHcan.       His    farm    consists    of  400 
acres,  which  he  values  at  812,000. 
GLASPEY,  JOSEPH  H.,  farm- 
er, Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltuwn  ;  born 
in  Cumberland  Co.,  N.   J.,  June    16, 
1819;   the  early  portion  of  his  life  was 
spent  in    New    Jersey,    working   on    a 


farm ;  but  at  the  age  of  25  years,  he 
moved  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  in  1861. 
he  came  to  this  county  and  located 
here  he  now  resides.  Married  Mary 
C.  Pickering  Aug.  5,  1851  ;  they  have 
three  children — Lucy,  Ward  and  Jen- 
nie. Mr.  Glaspey  and  family  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church  in  IMarshall- 
town ;  in  politics,  he  identifies  himself 
with  the  Republican  party.  Has  a  farm 
of  120  acres,  valued  at  $3,000. 

Glaspey,  Ward,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Greenfield,  H.  W.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

TTARSH,  I.  M.,  DR.,  Laurel. 

HAAS,  CHARLES,  far..  Sec.  7 ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  burn  in  Prussia 
Jan.  20,  1840  ;  came  to  America  in  the 
Fall  of  1853,  and  landed  in  Galveston, 
Texas,  but  moved  to  Ohio  in  about 
three  months ;  in  1855,  he  went  to 
Grant  Co.,  Wis.  ;  in  1866,  came  to  this 
county.  Married  Margaret  Glesa  Oct. 
27,  1862 ;  they  have  a  family  of  six 
children  —  Fredericka  A.,  Christina, 
Margaret,  Fred,  Henry  and  John.  Mr. 
Haas  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  He  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  §4,000. 

HARGES,  FREDERICK,  far., 

S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  he  was  boru 
in  Hanover,  Germany,  Aug.  4,  1825 ; 
came  to  America  in  1853,  and  settled  in 
Grant  Co.,AVis.,  and  worked  in  the  lead 
mines  about  three  years  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  Feb.,  1865,  and  has  since 
engaged  in  farming.  Married  Miss 
Frederika  Haas  Oct.  12,  1855 ;  they 
have  a  family  of  eight  children — Mary. 
Elizabeth,  Cathiu-ine,  George,  Maggie, 
Theresa,  William  and  Albert.  Mr.  H. 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  ;  Democratic  in  politics.  Owns 
410  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per 
acre. 
HARTWELL.,  CALVi:^,  farmer, 
S.  35  ;  P.  O.  Gilman  ;  born  in  Erie  Co., 
Ohio,  Dec.  17,  1849 ;  when  about  5 
years  old,  he  came  to  this  county,  with 
his  parents,  who  are  still  living  in  this 
county,  near  Marshalltown,  where  Mr. 
H.  has  made  his  home  for  the  past 
twenty-two  years,  till  this  Spring,  when 
he  moved  to  the  farm.  Married  Mary 
1.  Giddings  Jan.  13,  1874.     Mr.  H.  is 


JEFFERSON  TOWNSHIP. 


675 


a  Republican.  Owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $2,U00. 

HOI.DGRAFKR,  HEXRY,  far., 

S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown;  born  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  Oct.  21,  1843  ; 
came  to  America  with  his  parents  at 
the  age  of  3  years,  and  settled  in  Jo 
Daviess  Co.,  111.;  lived  there  six  years, 
and  moved  to  Clinton  Co.,  Iowa,  and,  in 
1870,  came  to  this  county.  His  life 
has  always  been  spent  on  a  farm.  He 
has  been  married  three  times,  his  first 
wife  being  Regina  Lunning  ;  they  had 
two  children — Agnes  E.,  born  Jan.  '21, 
1869,  and  Mary  A.,  Nov.  8,  1870  ;  Mrs. 
H.died  June  19,  1871  ;  Jan.  23,  1872, 
he  married  Anna  M.  Lamker,  but  she, 
too,  was  soon  called  away  by  death, 
living  only  till  Aug.  31,  1872.  His 
present  wife  was  Catharine  Goodman, 
whom  he  married  Feb.  1-4,  1873  ;  they 
have  three  children — Clara  E.,  born 
Feb.  14,  1874;  Joseph  H.,  born  Feb. 
7,  1876,  and  Mary  T.,  born  Feb.  14, 
1878.  Mr.  H.  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  as  also 
were  each  of  his  former  wives.  Owns 
400  acres  of  land,  worth  $110,000. 

Howe,  T.  S.,  farmer  and  carpenter,  Sec. 
12  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek. 

TMHOLT,  A.,  far.,   S.   5  ;  P.  0.   Mar- 

JL     slialltown. 

Ingraham,  A.,  far.,  S.  30  ;   P.  0.   Gilman. 

Ingraham,  J.  D.,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.O.  Laurel. 

IXGRAHAM,  LORENZO  W., 

former.  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0.  Gilman  ;  born 
in  Williamsburg,  Mass.,  Aug.  13, 1819  ; 
his  parents  moved  to  Hamilton  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  when  he  was  about  4  years  of  age, 
taking  him  with  them  ;  here  he  spent 
all  of  his  early  life  ;  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, a  business  he  has  always  followed. 
Married  Jennett  Doige  Sept.  9,  1841; 
they  have  five  children  living — JohnD., 
William  D.,  Alonzo,  Samuel  G.  and 
Alex.  In  1855,  Mr.  Ingraham  moved 
to  Henderson  Co.,  111.,  and  lived  till 
1871,  when  he  came  to  this  county.  He 
has  always  been  a  Republican.  Owns 
110  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per 
acre.  Mrs.  Ingraham  is  a  member  ot 
the  Congregational  Church. 
Ingraham,  W.  D.,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Gil- 
man. 

JAMES,  R.  J.,  farmer,  Sec.  26  ;  P.  0. 
Gilman. 


KEOPEL,  GEORGE,  farmer.  Sec.  4  ; 
P.  O.   Marshalltown. 
Kramma,  H.,  far..  S.  33;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

LANT,  CASPER  M.,  farmer.  Sec.  27; 
P.  O.  Laurel. 
LANG,  J!iTEI»HEN,  farmer,  Sec. 
9 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Jo 
Daviess  Co.,  111.,  Nov.  6,  1855;  his 
parents  died  when  he  was  quite  young, 
and  he  was  in  charge  of  his  brother  till 
of  age;  he  has  always  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  came  to  this  county  in  March,  1877, 
and  worked  on  a  farm  one  year.  Was 
married  May  1,  1878,  to  Miss  Annie 
McCann.  ^Ir.  Lang  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Catholic  Church.  Politically 
he  is  a  Democrat.  He  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $3,000. 
Lucas,  J.  W.,  for.,  S.  16  ;  P.  O.  Laurel. 
Luckart,  H.,far.,  S.  3;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

McCANN,  PETER,  fir.,  S.  8 ;  P.  0. 
Laurel. 
McBROOM,  J.  R.,  merchant  and 
Postmaster,  Sec.  15  ;  P.  0.  Laurel  ; 
born  in  Hocking  Co.,  Ohio,  Cct. 
24,  1843 ;  lived  there  until  about 
22  years  of  age,  when  he  came 
to  this  county,  and  began  for  himself  on 
a  farm  ;  he  followed  that  business  until 
1876,  when,  in  addition  to  the  farm,  he 
opened  a  stock  of  general  merchandise, 
ac  Laurel,  and  also  took  charge  of  the 
post  office.  Enlisted  in  Co.  E,  58th  Ohio 
V.  I.,  March  13,  1865,  and  served  seven 
months,  when  he  was  mustered  out. 
Married  Elizabeth  Zeller  March  3, 1863  ; 
they  have  a  family  of  five  children — 
Ellsworth  M.,  Franklin  H.,  Ed.  V., 
Marshall  C.  and  James  R.  C.  Mr.  Mc- 
Broom  is  a  Republican.  At  present  he 
holds  the  offices  of  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  Township  Clerk  ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S2,400. 
McMahon,  M.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  O.  Marshall- 
town. 
MACE,  GEORGE  W.,  farmer,  S. 
19  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in  Rock- 
ingham Co.,  N.  H.,  Sept.  29,  1839  ;  he 
lived  in  that  county  until  1868,  when 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  this  county  ; 
was  engaged  in  farming  and  coast  fish- 
ing, being  often  on  the  ocean  all  night, 
thoroughly  wet  through.  Married  Sa- 
rah E.  Lamprey  Nov.  26,  1866;  they 
have  two  children — Mary  E.,  born  April 


676 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


14,  1871,  and  Ellis  F.,  born  Sept.  5, 
1874.  Mr.  Mace  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  His 
parents  are  both  living  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, each  over  70  years  old.  He  has 
a  farm  of  eighty  acres,  valued  at  S35  per 
acre  ;  is  largely  engaged  in  raising  hogs, 
and  has  at  present  over  140  head.  Ev- 
idently, Mr.  Mace  is  a  thoroughly  prac- 
tical farmer. 

Mann,  H.  T. 

Matthie.  A.,  far.  and  horticulturist,  S.  7  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Matson,  J.  L.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Maytag,  D.  W.,  far.,  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Mercer,  M.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Meyer,  W.,  far.,  S.  ]  G  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

lIIIiLER,  FREDERICK,  far. 
and  wheelwright.  Sec.  18  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown;  born  in  Prince  Lippe  Det- 
mold.  Germany,  May  8,  1830  ;  came  to 
America  in  1856,  and  settled  in  Ogle 
Co.,  111.,  and  worked  at  his  trade  three 
years,  and  balance  of  the  time  to  1867, 
when  he  came  to  this  county,  and  since 
coming  here,  has  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. Married  Amanda  Botdorf  Oct.  15, 
1859  ;  their  children  are  Wm.  A.,  Anna 
R.,  Thomas  F.,  Louis  E.,  Ramsey  J., 
Sarah  L.,  Charles  F.  and  Lucy  M.  Mr. 
Miller  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church.  Mr.  M.  identifies  him- 
self with  the  Republican  party.  He 
was  one  of  the  defenders  of  the  Union  ; 
enlisted  in  Company  F,  15th  111.  V.  I., 
March  1,  1865,  and  served  until  Sept. 
16,  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out  at 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  Owns  240 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

Monahan,  J.,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

Mooney,  M.,  far.,  S.  25;   P.  O.  Gilman. 

Muuiiey,  T.,  far.,  S.  25  ;    P.  O.  G-ilman. 

9100RE,  JOSEPH  B.,  farmer,  S 
12  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in  No- 
ble Co.,  Ohio,  April  12,  1847  ;  when 
al)out  19  years  old  he  moved  to  Keokuk 
Co.,  Iowa,  resided  three  years,  and  in  Oc- 
tober, 1872,  came  to  this  county.  En- 
listed in  Co.  K,  197th  Ohio  V.  I.,  Feb. 
18, 1865,  and  served  till  July  31, 1865, 
when  he  was  mustered  out.  Married 
Martha  Inman  July  25,  1874;  she 
was  born  in  Ohio  ;  their  family  consists 
of     throe     children — Thomas     Wilmie, 


May  and  baby  not  named.  Mrs.  Moore 
is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  ; 
politically  Mr.  M.  is  a  Republican.  He 
now  owns  eighty -five  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $25  per  acre. 

NORTON,  J.  H.,  farmer,  S.  35  ;  P. 
Gilman. 
NEGI.Y,  JOSEPH  W.,  farmer, 
Sec.  18  ;  P.  0.  3Iarshulltown  ;  born  in 
Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  Feb.  19,  1844; 
when  about  1  year  old,  his  parents 
moved  to  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  taking  him 
with  them ;  he  lived  there  till  1867. 
when  he  moved  to  McDonough  Co.; 
and  in  1874  came  to  this  county.  En- 
listed in  Co.  B,  151st  111.  V.  I.,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 18(55,  and  served  about  one  year, 
when  he  was  mustered  out.  Married 
Hannah  Brown  Nov.  12.  1866;  they 
have  a  family  of  two  children — Ira  L. 
and  Elba  Roy.  Politically,  Mr.  N.  is  a 
Republican.  Is  now  Township  Trustee. 
Owns  160  acres  of  land  valued  at  $35 
per  acre ;  is  largely  engaged  in  raising 
hogs  ;    has  at  present  about  100  head. 

OGAN,  MARSHAL,  farmer.  Sec.  25  ; 
P.  0.  Gihuan. 
Owings,  J.  D.,  far.,  S.   29 ;   P.  0.  Laurel. 
Ogan,  A.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Gilman. 

P LANDER,  F.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0. 
Laurel. 

PAUL,  DAVID,  farmer.  Sec.  22 ; 
P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Northumberland 
Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  20,  1829  ;  moved  to 
Ogle  Co.,  111.,  when  17  years  old,  and 
in  1851  went  to  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.; 
returned  to  Illinois  in  1856,  and  in  1865 
came  to  this  county  ;  has  a  farm  of  360 
acres,  valued  at  $11,000,  upon  which 
there  is  an  orchard  of  about  500  trees  ; 
also  engages  quite  largely  in  stock  rais- 
ing, having  fifty  or  sixty  head  of  cattle, 
and  *from  seventy-five  to  one  hundred 
hogs.  March  4,  1855,  Mr.  Paul 
married  Sarah  E.  Runkle ;  their  family 
consists  of  ten  children — James  I., 
William  H.,  Julia  A.,  Mary  C,  John 
R.,  George  E.,  Fred.  G.,  Ida  May, 
Charles  C.  and  David  H.  Mr.  P.  and 
most  of  the  family  are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church  ;  he  is  a  Repul)lican,  and 
now  holds  the  office  of  Constable  ;  has 
also  been  Township  Trustee  several 
tenus. 

PIERCE,  a.  N.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0. 
Gilman  ;    burn  in  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y., 


JEFFERSON  TOWNSHIP. 


677 


Pec.  27,  1840;  moved  to  Henry  Co., 
III.,  with  his  jnirents,  when  12  years  old, 
and  lived  there  till  181)8,  when  he  came 
to  this  county  ;  he  has  always  been  en- 
gaged in  farming.  Married  Rosa  A. 
Chalker  Feb.  27,  18(J8  ;  she  was  born 
in  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio,  June  27,  1851  ; 
they  have  two  children — Rolla  O.,  born 
May  10,  1870.  and  Edna  P.,  June  22, 
1877.  Mr.  Pit'rce  and  wife  arc  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church  ;  political- 
ly, he  is  a  Republican.  Owns  160  acres 
of  land,  worth  $80  per  acre. 

Powers,  H.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

POWERS,  THOIIAS  C,  farmer, 
Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Ohio, 
May  24,  1829  ;  moved  to  Michigan,  and 
lived  there  a  few  years,  and  came  to  Lo- 
gan Co.,  111.,  where  he  spent  the  larger 
part  of  his  early  life  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1854,  and  located  where  he  now  lives  ; 
was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the 
prairie.  Married  Elizabeth  S.  Cope- 
land  Oct.  19,  1854;  their  family  consists 
of  Mary  E.,  born  Sept.  9,  1855  ;  Amos 
E.,  July  15,  1862  ;  Wm.  R.,  March  18, 
1864,  and  Dora  B.,  Feb.  4,  1869.  Mr. 
Powers  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church.  Mrs.  P.  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1834.  Mr.  P.  is  a  Democrat. 
Owns  310  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre. 

Powers,  M.,  far.,  8.  10. 

PrXXAM,  N.  D.,  farmer.  Sec.  15; 
P.  O.  Laurel ;  born  in  Huron  Co.,  Ohio, 
May  18,  1832;  moved  to  Hillsdale  Co., 
Mich.,  and  in  1853,  came  to  this 
county,  and  entered  his  land,  and  in  1854, 
moved  here.  When  he  was  in  Michigan, 
he  engaged  in  farming ;  he  now  handles 
stock  largely,  and  is  a  representative 
farmer.  Married  Miss  Mary  Spake 
Nov.  21, 1858  ;  their  family  consists  of 
George,  born  Nov.  27,  1859 ;  Edgar, 
Sept.  15,  1861  ;  May,  June  2,  1866, 
and  Grace,  Jan.  5,  1870.  Mr.  Putnam 
is  a  Democrat.  Owns  430  acres  of  land, 
valued,  at  $35  per  acre. 

READ,  J.  H.,  S.  12;  P.  0.  Timber 
Creek. 
RKADOrX,  F.  M.,  farmer,  Sec  11  ; 
P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in  Kentucky 
July  29,  1835;  lived  in  that  State  until 
he  was  18  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to 
Sangamon    Co.,    111.,   in  1857,  and  en- 


gaged in  farming,  which  he  has  always 
followed.  Married  Miss  Mary  E.  Todd 
March  11,  1857  ;  she  was  born  April  1, 
1837;  they  have  a  family  of  four  chil- 
dren—Henry T.,  born  Dec.  2,  1859; 
Albert,  Dec.  14,  1861  ;  Mary  E.,  Feb. 
4,  1864,  and  William,  Feb.  24,  1866. 
Mr.  R.  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church,  in  which  he  is  Deacon. 
Came  to  this  county  in  December,  1868, 
and  settled  in  Green  Castle  Tp.  Mr.  R. 
is  a  Republican,  and  owns  forty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $1,000. 

REBBEKE,  HENRY,  farmer,  S. 
23  ;  P.  0.  Laurel ;  born  in  Hesse,  Ger- 
many, Aug.  28,  1826;  he  came  to 
America  in  1853,  and  located  in 
Chicago,  and  followed  his  trade  of  mason 
which  he  learned  in  Germany ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1869,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  farming.  Married  Miss  An- 
nie Sager  March  26,  1856 ;  their  chil- 
dren are  Henry  E.,born  July  26, 1857  ; 
Herman  W.,  Dec.  3,  1860  ;  George  A., 
May  3,  1866,  and  Frank  R.,  Jan.  13, 
1873.  Mr.  R.  and  wife  are  members  of 
the  M.  E.  Church  at  Laurel.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics.  Owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  worth  $2,000. 

Reifschneider,  G.,  far.,  Sec.  34 ;  P.  0. 
Laurel. 

Ryles,  J.  B.,  far.,  S.  29 ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Rogers,  J.  F.,  far.,  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 
1 APP,  E.  H.,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Gil- 


S^ 


Schnell,  C,  far.,  S.  28  ;   P.  0.  Laurel. 

Shultz,  G.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Simcox,  B.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Timber 
Creek. 

SMITH,  DAVID  W.,  farmer,  Sec. 
14 ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in 
Owens  Co.,  Ind.,  March  12,  1846 ;  his 
father,  A.  J.  Smith,  came  to  this  county 
in  the  Spring  of  1849,  but  first  came  to 
Jasper  Co.,  in  1847,  bringing  David 
with  him ;  this  county  in  fact  has 
always  been  his  home.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  Birks  Dec.  5,  1867  ;  they  have 
five  children — Phobe  A.,  Charles  L., 
Minnie  M.,  George  F.  and  John  E. 
Mr.  Smith  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church.  He  has  always  been 
a  Republican.  Owns  163  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

Smith,  P.  G.,  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 


678 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY  ; 


STALIiCOP,  l>AVII>,  former, 
Sec.  28  ;  P.   0.  Laurel ;  born   in   Clay 

Co., ,  Aug.    20,   1837  ;    came   to 

this  State  with  his  parents  in  1844,  and 
located  in  Clinton  Co.,  and  spent  his 
early  life  on  a  farm.  Enlisted  in  Co.  C, 
1st  Mo.  Engineers,  and  served  mostly  in 
Quartermaster's  department ;  was  mus- 
tered out  in  Aug.,  18G4.  Came  to  this 
county  in  June,  18(58,  and  on  Sept.  10, 
18G8,  married  Nancy  M.  Couch  ;  they 
have  no  fan)ily.  Mr.  S.  is  a  Repub- 
lican. Owns  100  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  S35  per  acre,  upon  which  there  is  an 
orchard  of  100  trees;  has  always  been 
engaged  in  farming,  except  a  year  or 
two,  while  in  the  mercantile  business. 

Stoltzman,  C,  far.,  S.  31  ;    P.  0.  Horn. 

TALSTEDT,  U.,  ftu".,   S.    26;    P.    0. 
Gilman. 

WARD,  THOMAS,  farmer,  S.  2  ;  P. 
0.  Mavshalltown. 

WE  DC,}  WOOD,  SAMUEL  B., 

farmer.  Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ; 
born  in  Merrimack  Co.,  N.  H.,  Dec.  30, 
1812  ;  lived  in  that  county  until  1858, 
when  he  moved  to  Putnam  Co.,  111.,  re- 
maining there  about  eighteen  months, 
he  came  to  this  county  in  the  Fall  of 
1859,  and  located  in  Taylor  Tp.,  and  in 
18G2,  came  to  his  present  farm.  Mar- 
ried Hannah  H.  Sanborn  March  7, 
1847  ;  they  had  a  family  of  four  chil- 
dren— Jeremiah  S., Warren  P.,  Sanborn 
L.  and  George  M.  Mrs.  W.  died  April 
19,  1867;  on  the  15th  of  Oct.,  1875, 
Mr.  W.  married  Martha  M.  Bartlett. 
Mr.  W.  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Free-Will  Baptist  Church  ;  in  politics, 
he  is  a  Republican.  He  has  a  fine 
grove  around  the  buildings,  and  an  or- 
chard of  158  trees  ;  owns  240  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  S35  per  acre. 

Weisenburger,  C,  far.,  26  ,  P.  0.  Laurel. 

Welp,  B.  H.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  O.  Marshall- 
town. 

Wells,  C.  W.,  far.,  S.  29 ;  P.  O    Laurel. 

Wells,  J.  S.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  O.  Laurel. 

WHALEY,  GI'^OKi^E  P.,  far.. 

Sec.  2  ;  P.  O.  Mar.shalltown  ;  born  in 
Meigs  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  21,  1847  ;  when 
about  eight  years  old,  he  moved  to 
Poweshiek  Co.,  Iowa,  witli  his  parents, 
and  in  1857,  came  to  this  county.  Mar- 
ried Emily  J.  Lantis  March  13,  1870  ; 
they  have  four  children — William  M., 


Charles  H.,  Rosa  A.  and  Sarah  L.  In- 
dependent in  politics.  Owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S2,000. 

WHALEl ,  WILLIAM  H.,  far., 

Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Wood  Co.,  West  Va.,  Oct.  21,  1816  ; 
when  about  sixteen  years  old,  he  moved  to 
Meigs  Co.,  Ohio,  and  in  1855,  to  Powe- 
shiek Co,  Iowa  ;  has  always  been  en- 
gaged in  farming  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  May,  1857,  and  now  owns  171  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $4,000  ;  deals  in  stock, 
usually  having  from  twenty-five  to  fifty 
head  of  cattle,  and  from  sixty  to  eighty 
head  of  hogs ;  has  an  orchard  of  250 
trees.  Married  Miss  Louisa  C.  Thomp- 
son June  1,  1843  ;  they  have  a  family 
of  seven  children — George  P.,  Francis 
E.,  John  B.,  Henry  H.,  Edgar  E., 
Marion  A.  and  David  A.  Mr.  Wha- 
ley  is  independent  in  politics. 

Wilkins,  H.  M.,  far.,  S.  35;  P.  0.  Gil- 
man. 

WILLIAMS,  ALEX.,  farmer,  S. 
24  ;  P.  0.  Gilman  ;  born  in  Westmore- 
land Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  20,  1838 ;  came 
to  this  State  with  his  parents  and  located 
in  Davenport,  where  he  helped  his  father 
work  at  the  blacksmith  trade ;  spent 
five  years  in  California,  and  in  1865, 
came  to  this  county  and  located  on  his 
present  farm  ;  now  owns  250  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $7,500  ;  is  extensively 
engaged  iu  raising  stock  ;  also  has  an 
orchard  of  about  300  trees.  Married 
Miss  Rebecca  H.  Reed  Feb.  10,  1870  ; 
they  have  two  children — Cora,  born 
June  22,  1872  ;  Sara,  born  July  31, 
1877.  Mrs.  W.  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
E.  Church,  and  he  of  the  Christian 
Churcli  ;  Republican  in  politics. 

WILLIAMS,  W.  B.,  former  Sec. 
12  ;  P.  0.  Timber  Creek  ;  born  in  West- 
moreland Co.,  Penn.,  April  27,  1846; 
Moved  to  Scott  Co.,  Iowa,  in  the  Fall  of 
1852,  and  in  1859,  located  in  White- 
side Co.,  111.;  his  father  was  a  black- 
smith, and  worked  at  the  trade  in  Dav- 
enport for  several  years.  Mr.  W.  en- 
listed in  Co.  B,  9th  I.  V.  C,  Oct.  23, 
1863,  for  three  years,  but  was  mustered 
out  March  23,  1866,  at  Little  Rock, 
Ark.  Married  Miss  Nancy  E.  Ferguson 
May  7,  1872,  she  is  a  daughter  of  J. 
J.  FergTison,  of  Timber  Creek  Tp.,  and 
was  born  in  this  county  Feb.  12,  1850 ; 


LIBERTY  TOWNSHIP. 


679 


they  have  one  child — Sarah  L.,  born 
Jan.  23,  1877.  Mrs.  W.  is  a  member 
of  the  Christian  Church.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican,   and    is    now  Trustee   of  the 


Township.     Owns    125    acres    of  land, 
valued  at  $80  per  acre. 
Wintersteen,   W.   H.,   far.,    S.  31  ;  P.  0. 
Laurel. 


LIBERTY    TOWNSHIP. 


ABBOTT,   0.  J.,    farmer,  S.  18  ;  P. 
0.  Illinois  Grove. 
Adams,  N.  D.,  ftir.,  S.  12;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
Andrews  Cyrus,  far.,  S.  28  ;    P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Antes,    F.  *S.,  far.,  S.  32  ;    P.  0.  Bevins 
Grove. 

BACON,  CLABK,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0. 
Illinois  Grove. 

Bates,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Bangor.    ' 

Bartine,  A.  A.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

Benner,  John,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 
Grove. 

BEVIXS,  HENRY%  Sec.  22; 
P.  0.  Bevins  Grove ;  owns  300  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born 
in  Greenbrier  Co.,  Va.,  in  1809 ;  came 
to  Iowa  in  1840,  and  settled  in  Wash- 
ington Co.;  removed  to  Marshall  Co.  in 
1849.  Married  Phoebe  Smith  in  1829  ; 
she  was  born  in  Pickaway  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1815  ;  have  two  children — William  H., 
and  Charlotte.  Mr.  B.  was  one  of  the 
Board  of  Supervisors  two  years.     Dem- 

Bevins,  Wm.  H.,  for.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Brace,  Russell,  far.,  S.  24  ;     P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Breen,  John,  far.,  S.    19  ;     P.   0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Breen,  Richard,  far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Bryant,  J.  A.,  far.,  S.  31  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 

CHANCE,    THOMAS  P.,  farmer,  S. 
4;  P.O.  Illinois  Grove. 
Clark,  Geo.  E.,  far.,  S.   8  ;    P.  0.  Illinois 

Grove. 
Clark,  G.  C,  far.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.    Minerva. 
Clark,  M.  R.,  far.,  S.  30  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 
CLEMEJ^S,  PERLOXZO,  Sec. 

35 ;  P.    0.    Bevins  Grove ;  owns    260 

acres  of  land,  valued   at  $35  per   acre  ; 

born  in    Decatui    Co.,  Ind.,    in    1830; 

came  to  Iowa    in    1856  ;  married  Ella 


Smith  in  1852  ;  she  was  born  in 
Decatur  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1835  ;  have  six 
children — Mary  Ellen,  Belle,  Sarah, 
Nancy  Jane,  Wm.  H.  and  Nora  A.  Are 
members  of  Christian  Church  ;  Repub- 
lican. 

Cox.  W.  R.,  for.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

CRAH,  A.  E.,  blacksmith,  Sec.  27  ; 
born  in  Roxbury,  Vt.,  in  1832  ;  came 
to  Iowa  in  1865.  Married  Sarah  Judd 
in  1859 ;  she  was  born  in  Randolph, 
Vt.,  in  1842  ;  have  two  children — James 
E.  and  Mary  A.  Enlisted  in  Co.  G,  8th 
Vermont  in  1861,  and  discharged  in 
1865.     Republican. 

DAVORS,  CHARLES  H.,  farmer,  S. 
35  ;  P.  0.  Minerva.     ' 
Davis,  William   H.,  farmer,  S.  25  ;  P.  0. 

Bangor. 
Drew,    Michael,  farmer.    Sec.    21  ;  P.    0. 

Bevins  Grove. 
Dunn,  Henry,  farmer.  Sec.  3  [  P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn,    Hugh,    far.,  S.  10  ;  P.    0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn,  James,  E.,far. ;  P.  0.  Bevins  Grove. 
Dunn,  James  Jr.,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn,    John,    farmer,   Sec.    21  ;     P.    0. 

Bevins  Grove. 
Dunn,  Patrick,    farmer ;     P.  0.    Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn,   Thomas,   farmer,   Sec.  10  ;   P.    O. 

Bevins  Grove. 
Dunn,  William,  far.,  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 

FARBER,  HENRY,  farmer,  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Illinois  Grove. 

Farber,  L.  0.,  far..  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 
Grove. 

Farber,  Thomas  H.,  farmer,  Sec.  16;  P.  0. 
Illinois  Grove. 

FliETCHER,  JAMES,  farmer. 
Sec.  28 ;  P.  0.  Bevins  Grove ;  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $20  per 
acre ;  born  in  England  in   1825  ;  came 


680 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


to  America  in  1856 ;  removed  to  his 
present  farm  in  1871.  Married  Eliza- 
beth Heudershot  in  1863 ;  she  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  in  1834;  have  four 
children — Willie,  Isaac  N.,  Emma  and 
Eddie.  Mrs.  F.  has  three  children  by 
a  former  husband — George,  Mary  and 
Anna.  Are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church  ;  Republican. 

Frayer,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

r^  ARBER,     JONATHAN,     farmer^^ 

I  jr     Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

Gaunt,  0.  E.,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0  Bevins 
Grove. 

Gillmore,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  0.  Illinois  Grove. 

Gillmore,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  0.  Illinois  Grove. 

Gormon,  John,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

HARRIS,   JAMES,  former.    Seel; 
P.  0.  Bangor. 

HAXCE,  THOMAS,  farmer,  Sec. 
26  ;  P.  0.  Bevins  Grove ;  owns  275 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ; 
born  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1825 ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1855.  Married  Eve- 
line Kennett  in  1850  ;  she  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1824  ;  have  three  children — 
Mary  E.,  Mattie  K.  and  William  K. 
Are  members  of  the  Friends'  Church ; 
Republican. 

Herlocker,  H.  B.  F.,  far.,  S.  12  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor. 

Holcomb,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  9 ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

HOWARD,  HENRY,  farmer,  Sec 
10  ;  P.  0.  Bangor  ;  owns  100  acres  and 
an  undivided  half  of  320  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  S30  per  aci'e  ;  born  is  Harri- 
son Co.,  Ohio,  in  1841  ;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1853.  Married  Jennie  Adams  in 
1872  ;  she  was  born  in  North  Carolina ; 
have  three  children — James,  Lenora  and 
Menella.  Wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Friends'  Church;  Republican. 

HOWARD,  H.  J.,  farmer,  See.  14; 
P.  0.  Bangor  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  S30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Harri- 
son Co.,  Ohio,  in  1840  ;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1853.  Married  E.  Ady  in  1877; 
she  was  born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1845  ;  have  one  child — Albert,  born  in 
1878.  Mr.  H.  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church  and  his  wife  of  the 
M.  E.  Church.  Has  held  the  offices  of 
Clerk  and  Assessor. 


HOWARD,  J.  S.,  Sec.  2;  P.  0- 
Bangor  ;  owns  320  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1826  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1867, 
and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  In  1877, 
married  Samantha  Chance ;  she  was 
born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1848; 
have  one  child — Harry  B.  Mr.  H.  had 
four  children  by  a  former  marriage — 
Addison  J.,  J.  W.,  Marion  C.  and  John 
J.     Republican. 

JONES,  W.  D.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Min- 
erva. 
Jordan,   T.,    far.,    S.    18;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

KERSEY,  H.  M.,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0. 
Illinois  Grove. 

Kersey,  J.  L.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Illinois 
Grove. 

King,  J.,  farmer,  S.  26  ;  P.  O.  Bevins 
Grove. 

Kinney,  H.  W.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

KIIVZER,  J.  H.,  Sec.  12  ;  P.  0. 
Bangor;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $35  per  acre  ;  born  in  Indiana  in 
1850  ;  came  to  Iowa  in  1855.  Married 
Hannah  Howard  in  1876  ;  she  was  born 
in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1852 ;  have 
two  children — Roland  J.  and  Addie. 
Republican. 

LACEY,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Illi- 
nois Grove. 
Lent,    G.,    far.,    S.    26;     P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Link,  Chas.  E.,  far.,  S.  20  ;   P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Liston,    E.,  far.,   S.    10;     P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 
Lyon,  P.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Bevins  Grove. 
^cDONALD,  M.,  far.,  Illinois  Grove. 


M' 


McCAIX,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Sec.  14; 
P.  0.  Bevins  Grove ;  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in 
Armstrong  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1834  ;  came 
to  Iowa  in  1856.  Married  Sarah  P. 
Ford  in  1864  ;  she  was  born  in  Howard 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1844;  have  seven  children 
— Owen,  Jo.,  Ben.,  Add,  P]ffie  Maud, 
Isabella  M.,  Elizabeth  G.  and  Fanny. 
Are  members  of  Methodist  Church.  En- 
listed in  Company  H,  13th  Iowa  V.  I., 
in  1S61,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle 
ofShiloh,  and  was  discharged  in  1863 
on  that  account. 


LIBERTY  TOWNSHIP. 


681 


McLaughlin,  James,  Bovins  Grove. 

McMannis,  J,  far.,  S.  32  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 
(rrove. 

McMillen,  E.W.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.O.  Bangor. 

MABIE,  A.  J.,  Sec.  32;  P.  0. 
Bevins  Grove  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  S20  per  acre  ;  born  in  Indiana 
in  1852;  came  to  Iowa  in  1869.  He 
mairied  Georgiana  Evans  in  1874  ;  she 
was  born  in  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
1857;  have  one  child — George.  Re- 
publican. 

Mackin,  Jas.,  far.,  S.  19;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

Mackin,  Jahn  T.,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  Illi- 
nois Grove. 

Macy,  I.  N.,far.  S.  13  ;  P.  O.  Bangor. 

Mathews,  C,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

Meekins,  Jesse,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

MOONEY,  SAMUEL,  Sec.  27; 
P.O.  Bevins  Grove;  owns  210  acres, 
valued  at  ^25  per  acre  ;  born  in  Carroll 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1837  ;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1855.  Married  Sarah  Clemons  in 
1860;  she  was  born  in  Decatur  Co., 
Ind.,  in  18-13  ;  have  seven  children — 
Nancy,  Lorella,  Anna,  Elizabeth,  John, 
William  and  Dora.  Mr.  M.  enlisted 
in  Co.  B,  11th  I.  V.  I.,  in  1861,  and 
was  discharged  in  1864.  Has  held  the 
offices  of  Justice  and  Constable.  Are 
members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

Moran,  J.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 

NORTON,  LEVI,  far.,  S.  18  ;    P.  0 
Bangor. 
PARKS,  H.  P.,  farmer,   S.,  2  ;    P.  0. 
Bangor. 

PERRY,  A.  A.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  O. 
Bevins  Grove;  owns  1672  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in 
Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1831  ;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1869,  and  settled  on  present 
farm.  Married  Josephine  Sherb  in 
1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  in 
18-42;  have  six  children  —  Earl  S., 
Frank  A.,  Carrie  M.,  Willie  B.,  Roy  A.' 
and  Fred  D.  Mr.  P.  and  family  are 
members  of  the  Christian  Church.  He 
enlisted  in  Co.  D,  20th  I.  V.  I.,  in 
1862  ;  discharged  in  1865.     Greenback. 

Perry,    S.,   far.,    S.   23;     P.    0.    Bevins 
Grove. 

PIERCE,  A.  R.,  farmer.  Sec.  15  ;  P. 
0.  Btn'ins   Grove ;    owns  737   acres  of 


land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in 
Randolph  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1832  ;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1851.  Married  Charlotte 
Bevins,  in  1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois, in  1836  ;  have  seven  children — 
M.C.  H.,  Thomas  J.,  Adenia,  Clara, 
Phoebe,  William  E.  and  Mary.  Are 
members  of  Universalist  Church ;  Re- 
publican. Has  held  the  offices  of  Justice, 
Clerk,  Postmaster,  etc. 

RASH,    W.    W.,    far.,    S.  1  ;    P.    0. 
Bangor. 

RALEY,  ABXER,  farmer,  Sec. 
14 ;  P.  0.  Bangor ;  owns  seventy-nine 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $28  per  acre ; 
born  in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1833 ; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1854.  Married  Mary 
Moorman,  in  1867  ;  she  was  born  in 
Indiana,  in  1840,  and  died  in  1877  ; 
have  three  children — Phoebe  A.,  Thos., 
and  Eli.  Are  members  of  Friends' 
Church ;  Republican. 

RALEY,  ROBERT,  farmer,  Sec. 
13;  P.  0.  Bangor;  owns  340  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre ;  born  in 
Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1828  ;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1854.  Married  Martha  Hull 
in  1863;  she  was  born  in  Cayuga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1828.  Are  members  of 
Friends'  Church  ;  Republican. 

Reed,  J.  S.,  far.,  S.  8 ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

Riant,  J.  W.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

Roberts,  R.  R.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Illinois 
Grove. 

Rockhill,  D.  D.,far.,  S.  3:  P.  0.  Union. 

SMITH,  A.,  far.,  S.  9  ;    P.  0.    Bevins 
Grove. 

SAINT,  JOHN  Q.,  farmer.  Sec.  29  ; 
P.  0.  Bevins  Grove  ;  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $20  per  acre ;  born 
in  Henry  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1847;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1870.  Married  Lydia  Gordon 
in  1870  ;  she  was  born  in  Henry  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1851  ;  have  one  child — Nanna 
Maud.  Members  of  Friends'  Church. 
Republican. 

Smith,  A.,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Bevins  Grove. 

Smith,  C.  M.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Bevins 
Grove. 

SMITH,  H.  H.,  farmer.  Sec.  15  ;  P. 
0.  Bevins  Grove  ;  owns  245  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre ;  born  in 
Decatur  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1831  ;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1855,  and  settled  on  his  present 


682 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


farm.  Married  Elizabeth  Majile  in 
1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Columbiana  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1833;  have  seven  children — 
Catherine,  Frank,  George,  Gay,  Edna, 
Ira  and  Jessie.  Are  members  of 
the  Christian  Church  ;  Democrat  in 
politics.      Hfis   been   Justice,  Trustee, 

Smith,  R.  B.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Bangor. 
Springer,  Philip,  farmer,  Sec.   29  ;  P.    0. 

Bevins  Grove. 
Spurgeon,  John  A.,  farmer.  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0. 

Bangor. 
Stevens,  Daniel,  far.,  S.  20 ;   P.  0.  Bevins 

Grove. 

TIGHT,  G.  A.,  farmer,  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0. 
Illinois  Grove. 

TEAGAR,  DAVID,  Sec.  H5;  P. 
0.  Bevins  Grove ;  owns  700  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre  ;  born  in 
Lewis  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1820 ;  came  to  Iowa 
in  1856.  Married  Mary  Bryant  in 
1861  ;  have  five  children — Mary,  Rosa 
B.,  Minnie  L.,  Lutie  J.  and  L.  M. ; 
has  five  by  a  former  wife — Owen,  Geo. 
L.,  Thomas,  Alice  and  Harlan.  Are 
members  of  Christian  Church  ;  Demo- 
crat. 

TURNER,  G.  A.,  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0. 
Bangor  ;  owns  240  acres,  valued  at  $30 
per  acre ;  born  in  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  in 
1843;  came  to  Iowa  in  1867.  Married 
Maggie  Garber  in  1870;  she  was  born 
in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1847 ; 
have  one  child — Ella  F.,  born  in  1876. 
Are  members  of  the  Disciple  Church. 
Enlisted  in  the  United  States  army  in 
18()2  and  served  about  two  years.  Has 
held  the  office  of  Assessor  six  years  and 
is  Town  Clerk.     Re[)ublican. 

TEAGAR,  G.  L..,  Dec.  33 ;  P.  0. 
Bevins  Grove ;  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  S25  per  acre ;  born  in 
Kentucky  in  1847;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1856.  Married  Elizabeth  Lindley  in 
1866  ;  she  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1843  ; 
have  one  child  by  adoption — Flora  J. 
Are  members  of  the  Christian  Church  ; 
Democrat. 


TEAGAR,  T.  J.,  Sec.  33 ;  P.  0- 
Bevins  Grove;  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre;  born  in 
Kentucky  in  1853;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1856.  Married  Isabel  Clemens  in 
1874;  she  was  born  in  Decatur  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1857;  have  two  children — 
John  D.  and  one  infant.  Are  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church ;  Demo- 
crat. 

Tight,  James  J.,  farmer,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Illi- 
nois (jrrove. 

TrRXER,  WM.  H.,  Sec.  25;  P 
0.  Bangor  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in  Fulton 
Co.,  III.,  in  1836 ;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1865,  and  settled  on  present  farm.  Mar- 
ried Cordelia  A.  Cunningham  in  1866; 
she  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in 
1840;  have  six  children — Mary  J., 
Henrietta,  Lewis  H.,  Thomas  B.,  Jessie 
andPhuibeA.    Republican. 

VERNOCKER,  G.  W.,  far.,  S.  17  ; 
P.  0.  Illinois  Grove 
WHITE,   G.   AV.,  far.,  S.  14  ;  P.   0. 
Bangor. 

WEIDES,  XICHOEAS,  Sec  14; 

P.  0.  Bangor  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $30  per  acre  ;  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1835 ;  came  to  America  in 
1852;  settled  in  Bangor  Township  in 
1868.  Married  MeUs>a  J.  Penning- 
ton in  1875  ;  she  was  born  in  Texas  in 
1842  ;  she  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church.  Enlisted  in  Co.  I,  11th  111. 
V.  C.  in  1861,  and  was  discliarged  in 
1865.     Democrat. 

WOOLHISER,  J.  A.,  Sec  12  ;  P. 
O.  Bangor  ;  owns  260  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $30  per  acre ;  born  in  Delaware 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1844  ;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1870.  Married  Eliza  J.  Boyd  in  1 865  \ 
she  was  born  in  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y., 
in  1846.  Enlisted  in  Co.  C,  N.  Y.  V. 
I.,  in  1861.  and  discharged  in  1865, 
and  had  a  commission  of  First  Lieuten- 
ant.    Republican. 

Wright,  C,  far.,  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Minerva. 


MARIETTA  TOWNSHIP. 


683 


MARIETTA    TOWNSHIP. 


A  XKRUM,  JOHN  W.,  far ,  S 

1\  7  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  was  born  in  Bel- 
mont, Ohio,  Jan.  23,  1830,  and  came  to 
this  county  in  1850,  and  owns  IGO  acres 
of  land  in  this  Section  and  822  acres 
in  Sec.  18,  also  28  acres  of  woodland. 
His  wife,  Elizabeth  Cook,  was  born  in 
Vermilion  Co.,  111.,  May  27,  1836; 
they  were  married  July  8,  1 852 ;  their 
children  are  George,  born  April  30, 
1854;  Charles  F.,  born  July  1, 
1856;  William  I.,  Sept.  U,  1860;  Al- 
bert, Dec.  15,  1862 ;  Harrison,  Jan. 
15,1864;  Emily,  May  6,  1867;  Ar- 
mina,  April  24,  1870;  EUwood.  June 
12,  1873,  and  Ho,  Sept.  16,  1876. 

BAKER,  WM.,  far..  Sec.  30  ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

BABCOCK,  PI.OIPTON,farm- 
er.  Sec.  31  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born 
in  Ohio  in  1844;  came  to  this  county 
in  1874.  Republican  and  Greenback  er 
in  politics  ;  religion,  Congregationalist. 
Owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30 
per  acre.  Enlisted  in  Co.  A,  10th 
Wisconsin, in  1861  ;  mustered  from  10th 
Regiment  Infantry  in  1863  into  Missis- 
sippi Marine  Brigade  as  Sergeant ;  was 
umstered  out  in  January,  1865.  Mar- 
ried Martha  M.  Dresser  Oct.  22,  1869  ; 
she  was  born  in  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct. 
2,  1852,  and  is  a  Congregationalist ; 
their  children  are  Helen  May,  born 
in  Boone  Co.  Oct.  24,  1870  ;  Mary 
Bertha,  born  in  Boone  Co.  Aug.  1, 
1872;  flara  Stella,  born  in  Marshall 
Co.  Nov.  1,  1873;  Ira  Robert,  born  in 
Marshall  Co.  Dec.  19,  1876. 

BAKER,  JOHX,  farmer.  Sec.  18 ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  was  born  in  Prussia 
July  24,  1836  ;  he  came  to  this  country 
in  1857,  and  to  this  county  in  1865  ;  he 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25 
per  acre.  His  wife,  Theresa  Tissler,  was 
born  in  France  in  1846  ;  had  three 
children — Lydia  C,  born  Nov.  8, 1861  ; 
John  H.,  born  Jan.  14,  1864  ;  Earnest, 
born  Jan.  26,  1866  ;  wife  died  m 
August,  1871.  Married  second  wife, 
Olamp  Letourneaux ;  she  was  born 
May  28,  1852.  Married  in  September, 
1871^  have  three  children — Samuel, 
born  June    11,    1874;    William,    born 


April  5,  1876  ;  Leonard,  bron  Dec.  4, 
1877. 

Baldwin,  Chas.,  far.,  S.  9 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Baldwin,  Charles,  far.,  S.  33;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

Bailey,  J.  J.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

BALL.,  ABRAM,  farmer.  Sec.  36  ; 
P.  0.  Marslialltowu ;  born  in  Columbi- 
ana Co.,  Ohio,  in  1817;  came  to  this 
county  in  1860.  Politics,  Republican. 
Owns  eighty-five  acres  of  land.  Wife, 
Tamar  Johnson ;  born  in  same  county 
Jan.  3,  1818  ;  they  were  married  in 
1839,  October  31;  have  four  children — 
Thomas  F.,  born  Nov.  7,  1840  ;  Anna 
Elizabeth,  born  Dec.  19,  1841  ;  Theo- 
dore R.,  born  March  17,  1846;  Mary 
C,  born  Jan.  9,  1848.  Mr.  Ball  was 
Trustee  of  this  township  two  years.  His 
farm  is  under  a  high  state  of  cultiva- 
tion. 

Ball,  T.  F.,  far..  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town. 

BEITLER,  EVAXS,  far.,  S.  23; 
P.  0.  Marietta ;  born  in  Chester  Co., 
Penn.,  Feb.  8,1830,  came  to  this  county 
in  1863  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His 
wife,  Mary  Atkinson,  was  born  in  Har- 
rison Co.,  Ohio ;  they  were  married  in 
1874 ;  they  have  two  children — Hannah, 
born  Jan.  11,  1875;  Laura,  May  10, 
1876.  Mr.  Beitler  has  been  School 
Director  four  years  and  Road  Super- 
visor; also  Trustee  of  the  township. 
He  is  a  very  good  business  man  and 
well  worthy  of  the  offices  that  he  holds ; 
his  farm  is  under  a  high  state  of  culti- 
vation. 

Bennett,  J.  C,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

BENSON,  GEORCJE,  farmer.  Sec. 
27;  P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in  Oxford- 
shire, Eng.,  Oct.  26,  1848 ;  came  to 
this  country  in  1865.  Politics,  Inde- 
pendent; religion,  Primitive  Methodist. 
Owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
§30  per  acre.  Has  been  School  Director. 
Married  Mary  Durkee  March  9,  1871  ; 
she  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Wis., 
in  1854  ;  children — William  Alexander, 
born  Feb.  21,  1873  ;  Hattie  May,  Dec. 
6,  1875;  Fanny,  May  23,  1877. 


684 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


BEX  SOX,  THOMAS,  farmer,  Sec. 
27  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Oxford- 
shire, Eng.,  in  1836  ;  came  to  this 
country  in  1 8G0 ;  lived  in  Wisconsin 
one  year,  then  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  3d 
AVis.  V.  I.,  and  served  two  years  ;  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  and 
discharged  on  account  of  wound.  Lived 
in  Wisconsin  two  years  more,  then  came 
to  this  county  in  1865.  Is  a  Repub- 
lican Greenbacker,  and  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land  in  Sec.  27,  and  120  acres  in  Sec. 
34,  value  $30  per  acre.  Married  Delia 
Bohnsack  Dec.  31, 1871  ;  she  was  born 
in  the  State  of  Brunswick,  Germany,  in 
1852 ;  have  two  children — James  W., 
born  Sept.  30,  1872  ;  Jonathan  E., 
April  23,  1876. 

Berber,  S.,  far.,  Sec.  13  ;   P.  0.  Marietta. 

Bishop,  B.  J.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille- 

Bishop,  M.,  far.,  S.  33  ;    P.    0.    Lamoille- 

BISHOP,  THOMAS,  farmer,  Secs- 
27  and  28;  P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in 
Delaware  in  1 805  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1854  ;  is  Republican  in  politics;  be- 
longs to  the  Quaker  Society  ;  owns  175 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 
Married  Eleanor  Gox'mly  in  1828. 
Children  are  John  M.,  born  in 
1829;  Elmira,  1836;  Hannah,  1841; 
David  G.,  1843;   Benjamin  J.,  1846. 

Brackett,  C,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Braddock,  Martin,  farmer.  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Marietta. 

Bright,  A.,  far.,  Sec.  34 ;  P.  O.  Lamoille. 

Bruce,  G.  T.,  far.,  Sec.  2 ;  P.  0.    Albion. 

Butler,  C,  far.,  S.  10;  P.  0.   Lamoille. 

Butler,  E.,  far.,  S.  23;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

CARTER,  HENRY,  farmer,  Sec.  14; 
P.  0.  Marietta. 
Carter,  John,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 
Carter,  Johial,  far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 
Carter,  Mordecai,  farmer,  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0. 

Marietta. 
Chicester,  James   C,  farmer.  Sec.  35 ;  P. 

COPE,  JOSEPH,  farmer.  Sec.  7  ; 
P.  0.  Albion  ;  was  born  April  7,  1813, 
in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  and  came  to 
this  county  in  1854,  and  owns  100 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
His  wife,  Sarah  Brown,  was  born  in 
Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1830,  and  were 
married  in  1853;  children's  names  are 
Franklin  B.,  born  Aug.  15,  1854; 
Oliver  W.,  June  4,  1857  ;  George  M., 


Oct.  7,  1858  ;  William  D.,  in  January^ 

•  1861 ;  Mary  Ann,  Jan.  4,  1863  ;  Eugene 
G.,  Jan.  6,  1865;  Abraham  L.,  April 
29,  1867;  Sarah  Alice,  Feb.  1,  1869, 
and  Amy  Jane,  Oct.  14,  1871. 

COrL.TER,  AMOS,  far.,  Sec.  33; 
P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in  Berkeley  Co., 
Va.,  June  22, 1812  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1859.  Is  a  Greenbacker  in  politics, 
and  Methodist  in  religion.  Owns  400 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,500.  His 
wife,  Sarah  E.,  was  born  in  Virginia. 
They  were  married  June  16,  1834; 
children  are  Samuel  Joseph,  born 
May  25,  1836 ;  Ann  Rebecca,  Oct.  23, 
1838  ;  Cornelia  Elizabeth,  March  27, 
1847;  John  A.,  March  3,  1850; 
Charles  L.,  Aug.  15,  1852  ;  Alice  V., 
May  5,  1856;  Amos  B.,  July  3,  1859. 
Mr.  Coulter  is  a  very  intelligent  farmer 
and  has  his  farm  well  cultivated. 

Coulter,  S.  J.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Cotton,  D.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Cover,  Wm.  P.,  far.;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

DE  HAVEN,  JACOB,  flirmer.  Sec. 
18 ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Dennis,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

DIXOX,  JOSHUA,  farmer,  Sec. 
6 ;  P.  0.  Albi(m  ;  was  born  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  26,  1841  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1862.  Republican  in 
politics;  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
He  owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$25  per  acre.  His  first  wife,  Loretta  P. 
Phelps,  was  born  in  1839  ;  they  were 
married  in  1868;  they  had  four  chil- 
dren— Newton  E.,  born  Dec.  6,  1869; 
Phebe  A.,  April  14,  1872;  Lot  Elmer, 
March  17,  1873,  and  Arthur,  April  8, 
1864.  His  first  wife  died  in  1874. 
Married  his  second  wife,  Emaline  A. 
Gloss,  March  28,  1876  ;  she  was  bora 
Oct.  25,  1849 ;  they  have  one  child — 
Inez  May,  born  Jan.  24,  1877. 

ELLIOTT,  JARED,  farmer.  Sec.  17  ; 
P.  0.  Marietta. 
EBSAI.1.,  XATHAN,  farmer,' 
shoemaker  and  fruit  raiser,  Sec.  22  ;  P. 
0.  Lamoille;  was  born  in  Sussex  Co.,- 
N.  J.,  March  24,  1832  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1865;  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends ;  Republican 
in  politics.  His  wife,  Susan  H.  Pear- 
son, was  born  Aug.  13, 1833,  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio ;  they  were  married  ia 


MARIETTA  TOWNSHIP. 


685 


1855  ;  tluir  children  iire  Horace  P.,  born 
in  Ohio  Auti-.  2,  1858  ;  Mattie  H.,  born 
in  Ohio  Jan.  1,  1861  ;  Mary  L.,  born 
in  Marshall  Co.,  Iowa,  Aug.  25,  1868. 
Mr.  Edsall  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace 
six  year.  School  Director  two  years  and 
also  Township  Clerk  ;  was  a  school 
teacher  in  his  younger  days  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  is  a  smart  and  active  business  man. 

Elliott,  John,  far.,  S.  31 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Elliott,  Milton, far.,  S.  17  ;    P.  O.  Marietta. 

Ellsworth,  C,  Sr.,  fiir.;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

FLORA,  T.  J.,  farmer,  Sec.  36  ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Henry 
Co.,  Penn.,  in  1852;  came  to  Jasper 
Co.  in  1865 ;  afterward  came  to  this 
county  in  1 869.  Married  Tilly  Brook  in 
1876  ;  she  was  born  in  Jasper  Co.,  in 
1859;  they  have  one  child — Nelly,  born 
April  19,  1877.  He  rents  this  farm  of 
120  acres,  and  has  it  under  a  high  state 
of  cultivation. 

FRICKE,  CHRISTIAN,  farmer, 
Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Stale  Centre;  was  born 
in  Brunswick,  Germany,  July  12, 1832  ; 
came  to  this  country  in  1853,  and  came 
to  this  county  in  1865  ;  he  owns  220 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
He  is  Lutheran  in  religion  and  Repub- 
lican in  politics.  His  wife,  Caroline 
Shaper,  was  born  in  the  same  place  in 
1833  ;  they  were  married  in  1857,  and 
have  nine  children — William,  born  June 
20,  1859;  Charles,  Nov.  12,  1860; 
Louis,  Sept.  9,  1862 ;  Louise,  March 
31,  1864;  Wilmena,  March  25,  1866; 
Johana,  Feb.  15,  1868 ;  Edward,  Feb. 
19,  1872;  Frederick,  April  15,  1874; 
Ernest,  Oct.  14,  1876. 

r^  IBSON,  HENRY,  farmer.  Sec.  13  ; 

\~jr     p.  0.  Marietta 

GOECKE^,  HENRY,  farmer,  See. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  was  born  Sept. 
30,  1843,  and  came  to  this  county  in 
1866  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  S30  per  acre.  Is  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  His  wife,  Minnie 
Thomas,  was  born  July  17,  1845,  in 
Germany  ;  they  were  married  June  7, 
1868  ;  their  children's  names  are  Henry, 
born  Aug.  2,  1875  ;  William,  born  Dec. 
2,  1876. 

Goodwin,  R.,  far.,  S.  4 ;  P.  0.  Bevins 
Grove. 

HADDOCK,  T.,   far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0. 
Marietta. 


Haddock,  T.  J.,  far.,  S.  20;  P.  O.  Mar- 
ietta. 

Hall,  A.  H.,  far..  Marietta. 

Hall,  H.  B.,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

HALL,  STEPHEN  W.,  farmer,  S. 
34  ;  P.  O.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Lorain 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  Nov.  18,  1834  ;  came  to  this 
county  in  1854.  Greenbacker  in  poli- 
tics ;  Spiritualist  in  religion.  Owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
Married  Jane  Gier  Oct.  1,  1856;  she 
was  born  Nov.  17,  1828  ;  no  family. 

HAMBLETOX,  LEWIS,  farm- 
er, S.  7  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  was  born  in 
Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan. 2, 1822  ;  came 
to  this  county  in  1864  ;  he  owns  164 
acres  of  land  here,  and  ten  acres  in  Sec. 
2,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  His  wife 
(Eliza  A.  McMillan)  was  born  in  York 
Co.,  Penn.,  May  28, 1828  ;  were  married 
Sept.  9,  1851  ;  children — EnosW.,born 
Sept.  4,  1853 ;  Hannah  J.,  born  Nov. 
24,  1855  ;  Ida  A.,  born  Jan.  8,  1858  ; 
Sarah  E.,  born  July  28,  1860; 
Benjamin  K.,  born  July  24,  1862  ; 
George  H.,  born  Aug.  31,  1864;  Ella, 
born  Oct.  16,  1866  ;  Mary,  born  Dec. 
19,  1868  ;  William  M.,  born  April  12, 
1870  ;  James  L.,  born  Jan.  4,  1874. 
The  McMillan  Circulating  Library  con- 
tains over  200  volumes  ;  founded  by  Dr. 
U.  G.  McMillan,  of  Washington,  D.  C; 
this  library  is  particularly  under  the  di- 
rection of  Mrs.  Hambleton,  and  is  in- 
creasing from  year  to  year,  in  which 
may  be  found  a  few  rare  books,  picked 
up  by  the  founder  in  his  extensive  trav- 
els. 

Hayworth,  R.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

HENNIS,  H.  C  former.  Sec.  30 ; 
P.  0.  State  Centre ;  was  born  in  Hano- 
ver, Germany ;  came  to  this  county  in 
1868.  Is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and 
Lutheran  in  religion.  He  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
His  wife  (Amelia  Thomas)  was  born  in 
Brunswick,  Germany,  in  1854 ;  they  were 
married  in  1871,  and  have  four  children 
—Henry,  born  March  22,  1872;  Em- 
ma, born  Oct.  6,  1874;  August,  born 
June  16,  1875,  and  William,  born  Feb. 
6,  1877. 

Hixon,  N.  L.,  far.,  S.  29  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Hixon,  Geo.  J.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Mari- 
etta. 


■686 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY: 


Hixon,  J.  S.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Alluon. 
Hobbs,  J.  F.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 
Hole,  Jesse,  far..  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 
Hole,  J.  L.,  far..  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 
HOLE,  O.  H.,  former,  Sec.   16;    P. 
0.  Lamoille  ;  born  Oct.  10,  18-14,  in  Co- 
lumbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  and    came  to  this 
county    April    14,    1864;     owns   forty 
acres  in  Sec.    16,  and    eighty  acres  in 
Sec.  22,  valued  at  $30.    Bachelor.    Re- 
pi'blican. 

HOTOPP,  H.  I.,  farmer.  Sec.  7;  P. 
O.  Albion  ;  born  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
March  9, 1820,  and  came  to  this  country 
in  1848,  and  to  this  county  in  1868. 
Was  and  is  an  Abolitionist  in  politics, 
and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 
Owns  205  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S85 
per  acre.  His  wife,  Dorothavon  Dean, 
was  born  in  1824,  same  country ;  their 
children's  names  are  Mary,  born  Aug. 
2,  1851;  George,  Jan.  10,  1855;  El- 
leuora,  March  28,  1857  ;  Julia,  March 
18,  1859;  Dorotha,  Nov.  10,  1861; 
Henry  A.,  Nov.  8,  1864;  William, 
April  21,  1866;  Albert,  March  18, 
1868.  Mr.  Hotopp  enlisted  on  the  17th 
of  September,  1861,  in  Co.  D,  8th  111.  V. 
C,  and  served  three  years  and  eight 
months  and  was  mustered  out  in  March, 
1864  ;  was  wounded  three  times. 

Humphries,  Jonathan,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0. 
Lamoille. 

XNGLEDEW,  WM.  D.,  farmer,  Sec.  8 ; 

±     P.  0.  Marietta. 

XACKSON,  STEPHEN,  far.,  S.  14; 

O       P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Jackson,  R.  R.,  far..  Sec.  22  ;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

Jones,  H.,  far..  S.  30;   P.O.  State  Centre. 

JOHXSOX,  ISAAC,  farmer,  Sec. 
30 ;  P.  0.  Marietta ;  born  in  Columbi- 
ana Co.,  Ohio,  in  1819;  came  to  this 
county  in  November,  1855  ;  owns  211 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  825  per  acre. 
Member  of  Disciple  Church ;  politics 
Republican.  Married  Mary  Jane  Dut- 
ton,  who  was  born  in  Ohio,  1825  ;  one 
child  living — Elmore  W.,  born  July  29, 
1851.  Mr.  Johnson  owns  land  in  Mari- 
etta and  Marshall  Townships. 

Johnson,  Wm.,  far..  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
.shalltown. 

TT'E^T,  A.,  far.,  S.  13;  P.  0.  x\lbion. 

Knight,  E.,  far.,  Sec.  16 ;   P.  0.  Lamoille. 


Knight,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

LODGE,  J.  M.,  far..  Sec.   16 ;    P.  0. 
Marietta. 
nV  /TcCOLLOUGH,  JOHN  A.,  farmer. 

.lIcCOI^  LOUGH,    JAMES  T., 

far.,  S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in 
Harrison,  Ohio,  Dec.  14,182(1;  came 
to  this  county  in  1864.  Republican  in 
politics  ;  Presbyterian  in  religion.  Owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §30  per 
acre.  Was  School  Director  one  year ; 
Road  Supervi.sor  one  year.  Mary  G. 
Brown  was  born  Aug.  31,  1826  ;  died 
in  1878;  children — George  B.,  born 
Dec.  22, 1845  ;  Louazclah  A.,  Sept.  26, 
1847  ;  Sarah  A.,  Nov.  16,  1849  ;  John 
A.,  Dec.  22,  1851  ;  Martha  Isabelle, 
Nov.  26,  1853;  Mary  Elizabeth,  Oct. 
23,1855;  James  B.,  Sept.  2,  1858; 
William  H.,  Nov.  17,  1860:  Oscar  J., 
March  14,  1862  ;  Margaret  A.,  Feb.  11, 
1864;  Nancy  A.,  Aug.  27,  1866; 
Robert  C,  Aug.  10,  1869. 

McCroary,  W.,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  O.Lamoille. 

McKibbon,W.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

MAXFULL,  S.  G.,far.,S.  31;  P. 
0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Carroll  Co., 
Ohio,  March  2,  1831  ;  came  to  Jasper 
Co.,  in  1849;  lived  there  till  1854; 
went  to  California  across  the  plains  and 
mined  and  traded  in  Nevada  and  Idaho 
till  1S67,  when  he  returned  to  Jasper 
Co.;  lived  there  seven  years,  and  then 
came  to  this  county,  in  1875  ;  in  politics 
he  is  a  Greenbacker.  Owns  220  acres, 
valued  at  $25  per  acre.  Married  Lucy 
P.  Lane  in  1862 ;  she  was  born  in 
Cattaraugus  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1842 ;  died 
in  1876;  had  five  children — Ina  L., 
born  April  18, 1870  ;  Eltha  C,  Sept.  15, 
1872;  William  S.,  Nov.  18,  1873; 
Andrew  L.,  April  13,  1875  ;  Harry  F., 
IMarch  2,  1876.  Mr.  Manfull  was 
wounded  seven  times  by  the  Indians  in 
the  mountains.  He  is  yet  a  very  vigorous 
and  enterprising  man. 

Marsh,  John  H..  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Monen-er,  D.  M.,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

NEWBY,  AXUM,  farmer.  Sec.  15; 
V.  O.  Lamoille. 
XEWBY,  SAMUEL,  farmer,  S. 
15;  P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  Dec.  9, 
1844,  in  Grant  Co.,  Ind.;  came  to  this 
county  in  1865  ;  owns  ninety  acres,  val- 
u/sd  at  $40  per  acre.     Is  a  member  of 


MARIETTA  TOWNSHIP. 


687 


Oct.  8,  1871 
Clara,  Jan. 

XICHOLS, 


-% 


the  Society  of  Friends  ;  Republican  in 
politics.  His  wife,  Martha  C.  Pember- 
ton,  was  born  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  May 
31,     1845;     were    married    April     21, 

1864  ;  children — Kosella,  born   Feb.  15, 

1865  ;  Jesse,    May  14,  1868  ;    Sarah, 
Ruthana,  Nov.  9,  1874  ; 

1878. 

BKNJAMIN  F., 
farmer,  S.  2(1  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre ;  was 
born  in  Columbiana,  Columbiana  Co., 
Ohio,  Sept.  23,  1836  ;  came  to  this 
State  in  1866,  and  to  this  county  in 
1867.  Is  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  Owns  324  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $30  per  acre.  His  wife,  Lauretta 
J.  Hessin,  was  born  in  New  Lisbon, 
Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  16,  1842; 
they  were  married  Dec  31,1860;  their 
children  are  Anna  L.,  born  Feb.  18, 
1863;  Henry  H.,  April  11,  1868; 
Mary  Alice,  born  Aug.  15,  1869  : 
Lucy,  Aug.  7,  1877.  Mr.  Nichols 
has  served  as  School  Director  seven 
years,  Supervisor  three  years,  and 
Assessor  one  year.  He  is  an  indefat- 
igable worker  in  the  cause  of  temperance 
reform,  and  delivers  very  able  lectures 
on  that  subject,  and  has  done  a  great 
deal  of  good  in  that  way. 

Nichols,  0.,  far.,  S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Nichols,  Stacy,  far.,  S.  4;     P.  0.  Albion. 

Nichols,  Thos.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Nicholas,  Warren,  fiir.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

XICHOJLS,  WILLIAM  J.,  farm 
er.  Sec.  19  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  was 
born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  30, 
1838;  came  to  this  county  in  1867. 
Is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 
Owns  204  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S35 
per  acre.  His  wife,  Elizabeth  M.  Potts, 
was  born  in  Medina  Co..  Ohio,  April  7, 
1843  ;  were  married  Nov.  22,  1864 ; 
their  children  are  Ariel  M.,  born  Oct. 
11,  1865;  Edgar  H.,  May  15,  1867; 
Samuel  A.,  June  22,  1870  ;  Catherine 
T.,  Feb.  29,  1872  ;  Alice  L.,  Jan.  25, 
1874.  Mr.  Nichols  is  an  earnest  worker 
in  temperance  reform, 
ichols,  W.  R.,  far.,S.  8  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

PACKER,  ALLEN,  farmer,  Sec.  25  ; 
P.  0.  Marietta. 
Packer,  A.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 
Packer,  J.  T.,  for.,  S.  23;    P.  0.  Marietta. 
PEIRCE,  KOBFRT,  farmer,  Sec. 
15;  P.  0.  Lamoille;  was  born  in  Miami 


Co.,  Ohio,  April  3,  1839 ;  came  to  this 
county  Sept.  27,  1865  ;  owns  156  acres 
and  six  acres  of  timl)er  land,  valued  at 
S40  per  acre.  Member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends ;  Republican  in  politics.  His 
wife,  Caroline  Newby,  was  born  in  Grant 
Co.,  Ind.,  Sept.  8,  1837  ;  were  manied 
Sept.  22,  1859  ;  their  children  are  Va- 
laria,  born  July  3, 1860  ;  William,  born 
May  9,  1867;  Alton,  born  Feb.  18, 
1870,  and  Sarah  Esther,  July  30,  1874. 
Has  been  School  Director  and  Road 
Supervisor. 

Pemberton,  A.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pemberton,C.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pemberton,  E.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pemberton,  H.  C,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

Pemberton,  H.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pemberton,  Jesse,  for.,  S.  14;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

Pemberton,  J.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pemberton,  R.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Phillips,  Wm.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Pyle,  D.  C,  far.,  S.  35  ;   P.  0.  Lamoille. 

PYLE,  BElf JAMIN  LEWIS, 
farmer,  stock  raiser  and  bridge  builder, 
Sec.  23;  P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in  Co- 
lumbiana Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  13,  1841 ; 
moved  to  this  county  March  28,  1857; 
owns  82  J  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S40 
per  acre.  He  is  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  and  Republican  in  poli- 
tics. His  wife,  Eliza  M.  Underwood, 
was  born  in  the  same  county  Aug.  12, 
1836;  were  married  Oct.  9,  1864  ;  have 
our  children — Wilmer  M.,  born  Oct.  28, 
fl865  ;  Clara  I.,  Feb.  7,  1867  ;  Charles 
L.,  Jan.  12,  1873,  and  Harry  T.,  March 
6,  1876.  Mr.  Pyle  is  a  very  enterpris- 
ing business  man,  and  has  the  elements 
of  success  in  him  ;  he  is  industrious, 
economical  and  persevering,  and  will 
make  his  way  up  in  the  world. 

Pyle,  Isaac,  far..  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pyle,  J.,  far.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Pyle,  L.  B.,  far.,  S.  23  ;    P.  0.   Marietta. 

"O  ANDAL,  J.,  Postmaster,  Marietta. 

Ritnour,  V.,  far.,  S.  18  ;    P.  0.  Marietta. 

Roberts,  F.,  far.,  S.  24  ;    P.  0.  Marietta. 

Roberts,  J.,  far.,  S.  19  ;    P.  0.  Marietta. 

Roberts,  W.,  far.,  S.  22  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

RUTAN,  ABRAHAM  P.,  far , 
S.  6  ;  P.  0.  Albion  ;  born  in  New  Jer- 
sey   in   1818  ;    came  to  this  county  in 

9 


688 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY  ; 


1863.  Democratic  in  politics  ;  member 
of  the  Methodist  Church.  Owns  160 
acres  of  hind,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 
His  wife,  Mary  Ann  Phelps,  was  born 
in  1836,  and  they  were  married  in  1860 ; 
have  three  children — James,  born  Oct. 
14,  1862  ;  Samuel,  born  in  1871 ;  Mar- 
garet, born  in  1873. 
SIIEWALTEK,  JOHN  J.,  far.,  S.  13  ; 
P.  0.  ]Marietta. 

Smith,   John,   far..   Sec.  19  ;  P.O.  State 
Centre. 

Smith,  J.  A.,  far.,  S.  19;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Snow,  D.  C,  far.,  S.  35  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

SXOW,  DE  U  ITT  C,  Jr.,  far., 

S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Dodge 
Co.,  Wis.,  May  9,  1846.  Politics,  lie- 
publican  ;  religion,  Congregationalist. 
Came  to  this  county  October,  1866 ; 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  830. 
He  married  Mary  E.  Moon  Sept.  15, 
1874  ;  she  was  born  in  Orange  Co.,  New 
York,  Nov.  20, 1855  ;  children — Fronia 
Mable,  born  June  29,  1875  ;  Nelly 
Maud,  August  16,  1877.  Mr.  Snow 
breeds  exclusively  Plymouth  Rock  fowls 
from  the  leading  breeders  East :  V.  C. 
Gilman,  New  Hampshire  ;  C.  A.  Keefer, 
Sterling,  111.;  also  breeds  the  Imperial 
Pekin  Duck. 

STOKES,  ZACCHAEIJS,  farm 
hand,  works  for  Thomas  Benson,  S.  27; 
P.  0.  Lamoille ;  was  born  in  county  of 
Huntington,  Eng.,  in  1849  ;  came  to 
this  county  in  1875.  Grecnbacker  in 
politics  ;  religion.  Free  Thinker.  Is  a 
bachelor.  Loves  reading  matter  and 
wishes  to  keep  posted,  and  is  well  read. 
He  is  Orderly  Sergeant  of  Battery  F, 
of  1st  Regiment  of  Artillery,  Iowa  Na- 
tional Guards. 
TABOR,  JAMES,  for.,  S.  14 ;  P.  0. 
Lamoille. 

Tabor,  S.,  far.,  S.  14;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Tannahill,  J.,  far.,S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Tannahill,  R.,  far.,  S.  13  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Thomas,  I.  B.,  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Albion. 

Thomasi  Wm.,  far.,  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Timmons,  R.  M.,  far..  Marietta. 

Tisler,  J.,  far.,  S.  18;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

T..mlinson,  T.  D.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
ietta. 

Toothman,  John,  far.,  S.  19  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Tucker,  T.,  far.,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 


TURXER,  LEWIS,  farmer,  Sec. 
20  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  was  born  in  Wayne 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1840  *  came  to  this  county 
in  1866.  Member  of  the  Society  of 
of  Friends  ;  Republican  in  politics. 
Owns  480  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30 
per  acre.  His  wife,  Malinda  Newby,  was 
born  in  1839  ;  were  married  Aug.  25, 
1866  ;  their  children  are  Irvin  F.,  born 
Oct.  25,  1867,  and  died  Jan.  15,  1868 ; 
Fernando  C,  born  Dec.  9,  1869  ;  Jen- 
nettie  T.,  born  Dec.  4,  1870 ;  John  L. 
and  Frederick  E.  Wife  died  IMarch 
25,  1878.  Enlisted  Sept.  1,  1861,  in 
Co.  F,  34th  Ind.  V.  I ;  served  two  years 
nine  months  and  seven  days  ;  discharged 
on  account  of  disability. 

"TTANHORN,   ROBERT,  far.,  S.  9  ; 
V        P.  0.  Marietta. 

TTTALLACE,  JOHN,  far.,  S.  6  ;  P. 
VV^        0.  Albion. 

WARDMAX,  CHRISTO- 
PHER, farmer,  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
ietta ;  was  born  in  Ontario,  Upper  Can- 
ada, June  24,  1837  ;  came  to  this  coun- 
ty in  1876,  and  owns  139  acres,  valued 
at  about  §40  per  acre.  Member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  His  wife,  Eleanor 
Tannahill,  was  born  in  the  county  of 
of  Down,  Ireland,  in  1836,  and  were 
married  March  21,  1863;  have  five 
children — AVilliam,born  March  8, 1864; 
Margaret,  July  29,  184*5  ;  Fannie  Ma- 
ria, Dec.  25,  1866  ;  Robert,  April  11, 
1870  ;  Christopher,  Oct.  25,  1872. 

Whealan,  J.,  far.,  S.  34;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Whealan,  J.,  for.,  S.  25  ;  P.  0.  Marietta. 

Wickersham,  T.,  far.,  Marietta. 

WI«HT,  WILLIAM,  former.  Sec. 
30 ;  P.  O.  State  Centre ;  born  in  Scotland 
in  1822;  came  to  Ohio  in  1856  ;  lived 
there  ten  years,  and  came  to  this  county 
in  1866.  Is  Republican-Greenbacker 
in  politics ;  Presbyterian  in  religion. 
Owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §30 
per  acre.  His  wife,  Mary,  was  born  in 
Scotland  ;  their  children  are  Margaret 
R.,  born  in  Scotland  Feb.  10,  1854; 
Robert  S.,  born  in  Ohio  Oct.  30,  1856  ; 
Alexander  A.,  born  Aug.  6,  1862. 

Willcutts,  E..  far.,  S.  22;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Williams,W.  k.,  for.,  S.  36 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

W^ILSOX,  ALVA,  former,  Sec.  32  ; 
P.  O.  Lan)oille  ;  born  in  Richland  Co., 
Ohio,  March  22,  1820;  came  to  this 
county  in  1856  ;  owns  280  acres  of  im- 


WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 


689 


proved  land,  valued  at  S30  per  acre. 
Married  Orilla  Rand  in  184G ;  have 
seven  children — John  W.,  Martha  J., 
Henry  11.,  William,  Mary  E.,  Ephraim 
M.  and  Ella  V.  Has  farm  under  high 
state  of  cultivation. 


Wenncry,  S.,  far.,  S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Albion. 
Wordward,  R.D.,far.;   P.  0.  Marietta. 
Woodward,  W.  A.,  far.,  S.  24;  P.  O.  Mari- 
etta. 
Wylie,  A.,  far.,  Sec.  f> ;  P.  0.  Albion. 


WASHINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 


ANDREWS,  M.  E.,  far.,  S.  34 ;  P. 
O.  State  Centre.  *  * 

ABRAM,  -JOHN,  farmer,  Sec.  G; 
P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Oxford- 
shire, England,  in  1842 ;  came  to  this 
country,  and  located  in  this  county  in 
1866.  Married  Miss  Caroline  Hayne 
in  1872 ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1850;  have  two  children — Berthy,born 
April  10,  1873,  and  Charles  Edward, 
Sept.  28,  1875.  Are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  He  owns  120  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S25  per  acre. 

Atenham,  H.,  far.,  S.  19;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

BALE,  F.,  farmer,  S.  18  ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 
Barnes,  C.  A.,  speculator,  Lamoille. 
Benson,  J.,  far.,  S.  20  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

BO\  AWITZE,  GEORC^E,  far , 

S.  24 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in 
Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1824  ;  located  in 
this  county  in  1864.  Married  Amanda 
Lower  in  1848  ;  she  was  born  in  same 
place  in  1827  ;  they  have  ten  children — 
Mary  A.,  Elizabeth,  Sarah,  Eli,  Emma, 
Isaac,  Hattie,  Jonny,  Hannah,  George. 
Republican.  He  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $25  per  acre. 

Bonawitze,  J.  H.,  far.,  S.  24  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

BROWX,^  JAMES  S.,  farmer,  S. 
7 ;  P.O.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Tusca- 
rawas Co.,  Ohio,  in  1849  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1866.  Married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Scott  in  1871  ;  she  was  born  in  Jef- 
ferson Co.,  in  1849  ;  they  have  three 
children — William  C.,  born  Nov.  11, 
1871;  Fannie  S.,  born  Feb.  5,  1873; 
Hattie  V.,  born  Dec.  15,  1874.  He  is 
a  Democrat.  He  owns  eighty  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

Buchannan,  E.  H.,  far.,  S.  15  ;  P.O.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Butler,  A.,  far.,  S.  1  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 


Butler.  F.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

BUTLER,  ORVILL.E,  farmer, 
Sec.  7  ;  P.  O.  State  Centre  ;  born  in 
Lee  Co.,  111.,  in  1852;  located  in  this 
county  with  his  parents  in  1853.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  A.  Liveringhouse  in 
1874;  she  was  born  in  Elkhart  Co.. 
Ind.,  in  1854;  have  two  children — 
Fayette,  born  Feb.  18, 1875,  and  Franky, 
Jan.  3,  1877.  He  is  a  Republican. 
Owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$30  per  acre. 

Butler,  0.  E.,  wagon  maker,  S.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Lamoille. 

BUTTS,  ARCH,  farmer,^  Sec.  28; 
P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  Md.,  in  1834;  moved  to  Ogle  Co., 
111.,  in  1840,  and  to  this  county  in  1869. 
Married  jMiss  Amelia  StouflTer  in  1858  ; 
she  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Md., 
in  1837  ;  have  three  children — John 
A.,  born  Dec.  17,  1858;  George  A., 
July  15,  1860;  William  H.,  Jan.  7, 
1864.  Are  members  of  Christadel- 
phi  Church.  He  owns  240  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $45  per  acre. 

CAMPBELL,  C.  H.,  farmer.  Sec.  33  ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Caughenour,  J.,  far.,  S.  29;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

CAPRON,  D.  S.,  farmer.  Sec.  31  ; 
P.  O.  State  Centre;  born  in  Herkimer 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1815  ;  moved  to  Onondaga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1820;  thence  to  this 
county  in  18G6.  3Iarried  Elizabeth 
Richards  in  1863;  she  was  born  in 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1845  ;  have  five 
children  by  his  present  wife — Ella,  born 
May  18, 1864  ;  Hattie,  March  6,  1866; 
Clarence  A.  and  Clara  A.  (twins),  Dec. 
20,  1869;  Nancy  V.,  July  5,  1874 ; 
also  E.  Smith,  born  Aug.  7,  1847 ; 
Leonard  and  Lansing  (twins),  Sept.  11, 
1854  ;  Frank,  Feb.  11,  1857,  by  a 
former  marriage.     He  is  a  Republican. 


690 


DIRECTORY  OF   MARSHALL  COUNTY 


Owns  280  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $45 
per  acre. 

Capron,  G.  F.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Carr;  J.  G.,  far.,S.4;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

CXARK,  ELL.IS,  P.  0.  Marshall- 
town  ;  born  in  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
in  183-i  ;  located  in  this  county  in  1863. 
Married  Miss  Mary  Beed  in  1863  ;  she 
was  born  in  Devonshire,  Eng.,  in  1841  ; 
two  childi-en — Charles  B.,  born  June 
12,  1866  ;  Annie  M.,  March  25,  1870. 
He  is  a  Seventh-Day  Advent ist.  Has 
been  School  Director  three  years.  He 
owns  217  acres  of  land,  valued  at  835 
per  acre ;  also  owns  land  in  Sec.  12, 
Washington  Tp. 

Clark,  H.  A.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

CI^ARK,  JAMES  W.,  farmer, 
Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille ;  born  in  Tus- 
carawas Co.,  Ohio,  in  1843;  moved  to 
JeflPerson  Co.,  Ohio,  when  a  child,  and 
to  this  county  in  1869.  Married  Miss 
Amanda  Matson  ;  she  was  born  in  Har 
rison  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1848 ;  their  children 
are  George  B.,  born  Feb,  16,  1871 ; 
William  31.,  Nov.  13,  1872;  Mabel  L., 
Dec.  6,  1877.  He  enlisted  in  the  98th 
Ohio  V.  I.,  Co.  C,  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  mus- 
tered out  in  June,  1865  ;  he  made  the 
celebrated  march  with  Sherman  to  the 
sea,  and  was  present  at  the  national 
parade  in  Washington,  D.  C,  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  owns  sixty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

Crary,  A.  T.,  far.,  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

CRARY,  OEORC^E  E.,  fiumer. 
Sec.  13;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Lake  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1847  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1869.  Married  Miss  Ellen 
Cornell  in  1872  ;  she  was  born  in  Can- 
ada in  1848  ;  have  one  boy — Charles  C, 
born  June  5,  1874.  He  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  840  per  acre. 

CRARY,  W.  <iJ.,  retired  farmer  ;  P. 
O.  Lamoille ;  born  in  Preston,  New 
London  County,  Conn.,  in  1808; 
moved  to  Lake  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1831,  and 
to  Clayton  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1857,  and  lo- 
cated in  this  county  in  1867.  Married 
Miss  Julia  A.  Morse  in  1836  ;  she  was 
born  in  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1819  ; 
they  have  two  children — Lucv  J.,  born 
Oct.  13,  1838 ;  Avery  F.,  Dec.  1,  1849. 
llepublican.  Owns  200  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  850  per  acre  ;  also  residence 
in  Lamoille,  81,600. 


CROCKARD,  WIELIAM,  far., 
S.  19  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  in 
Down  Co.,  Ireland,  in  1827  ;  came  to 
this  country  in  1857,  and  located  in  La 
Salle  Co.,  111.;  moved  to  Lee  Co.,  111., 
in  1866,  and  to  this  county  in  1869. 
Married  Miss  Margaret  Jordan  in  1 854  ; 
she  was  born  in  the  same  county  in  Ire- 
land in  1825  ;  have  four  children — 
John,  born  Oct.  10,  1856;  Samuel  L., 
Dec.  1,  1858;  Hugh,  Jan.  12,  1861  ; 
William  F.,  April  23,  1863.  Members 
of  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  which  he  is 
Class  Leader;  is   a  Kepublican.    Road 

•  Supervisor  four  years.  Owns  72  acres 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  835  per  acre. 
Lenna  Fowler  Crockard,  adopted,  born 
in   New   Britain.  Conn.,  May  19,  1866. 

Curtis,   L.  B.,  far.',  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

"pvINNEL,  M.  M.,  farmer,  Lamoille. 

DAXNEl^,  CASJEN  B.,  far, 
S.  36  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ;  born  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  in  1850  ;  located  in 
Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1865.  Married  Luna 
Van  Hove  in  1873 ;  she  was  born  in 
the  same  place  in  1850 ;  their  children 
are  George  H.,  born  May  18,  1874; 
Benjamin,  Dec.  2,  1875  ;  Hattie  and 
Tariottie  (twins),  July  2,  1877.  Owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  830  per 
acre. 

Durkee,  H.  A.,  far.,  S.  3  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

FLOOK,  JOSHUA,  farmer,  S. 
28  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Mary- 
land in  1826  ;  moved  to  Montgomery 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1828  ;  and  to  Bureau  Co. 
in  1858 ;  thence  to  Wabash  Co.,  Ind., 
in  1865,  and  located  in  this  county  in 
1869.  Married  Miss  Margaret  Harvey 
in  1866  ;  she  was  born  in  Wabash  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1843;  have  seven  children — 
Mary  L.,  born  Aug.  2. 1867  ;  Sarah  A., 
June  15, 1869  ;  John  H.  Jan.  6, 1871 ; 
Ida  Alice,  Sept.  20,  1872  ;  Freddy  F., 
June  29,  1874  ;  Leah,  Dec.  27,  1875  • 
Julia  A.,  March  8,  1878.  Republican. 
Has  been  School  Director  and  Road 
Supervisor  several  terms.  W.  A.  and 
George  L.,  children  of  a  former  mar- 
riage. Owns  eighty  acres,  worth  840 
per  acre. 

QALLENTINE,  S.  D.,  farmer,  S.  34 ; 
P.  0.  Lamoille. 
GOTHAM,  CHARLES  R.,  far, 

S.  28  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Chau- 


WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 


691 


taugua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1833  ;  came  to 
Lake  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1837  ;  located  in 
this  county  in  1854.  Married  Mrs. 
Caroline  Phillips  (Sherwood)  in  1856  ; 
she  was  born  in  Morris  Co.,  N.  J.  in 
1825  ;  have  three  children — Mary  E., 
born  Dec.  12,1857  ;  Llewellyn  E.,  July 
25,  1862;  Charles  S.,  April  25,  1873. 
Mrs.  Gotham  is  a  Presbyterian.  Mr. 
Ct.  owns  172  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
§40  per  acre. 

Graves,  A.  A.,  far..,  Sec.  18 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

Groover,  Eli,  far.,  Sec.  16;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

HARRINGTON,  J.,  far.,  S.  25  ;  P. 
0.  Marshalltown. 

HAGEDORN,  CHRISTIAIT, 
former.  Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ; 
born  in  Holstein,  Germany,  in  1833  ; 
located  in  Scott  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1869,  and 
in  this  county  in  1874.  Married  Miss 
Johannah  Lipkar  in  1855  ;  she  was 
born  in  same  place  in  1831  ;  their  chil- 
dren are  Doris  M.,  born  July  8,  1858 ; 
Frederick  A.,  May  3, 1862  ;  Lenna  A., 
March  18,  1864.  He  rents  160  acres, 
which  he  has  in  a  high  state  of  culti- 
vation. 

HALL,  J.  E.,  far..  Sec.  16;  P.  0. 
State  Centre  ;  born  in  Woodbury  Co., 
Conn.,  in  1838 ;  moved  to  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  1848,  and  located  in  this  county 
in  1862.  Married  Miss  Arillia  Winchal 
in  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Hartford  Co.,  Conn.,  in  1839  ;  their 
children  are  Mary  Bell,  born  Dec.  6, 
1861  ;  Emma  J.,  Sept.  29, 1864  ;  Hat- 
tie  E.,  Oct.  15,  1868;  James  E.,  Oct. 
10, 1870.  He  is  a  Republican.  Owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre. 

Hastings,  Samuel,  far.,  S.  21  ;  P.  O.  La- 
moille. 

HAYDEN,  WILLARD,  far ,  S 
3 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Onondaga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  town  of  Pompey,  1813;  lo- 
cated in  this  county  in  1870.  Married 
Miss  Almira  Hanchett  in  1836  ;  she 
was  born  same  place  in  1817  ;  children 
are  Cora  I.,  born  Sept.  3,  1841 ;  Oscar 
E.,  Oct.  18,  1845  ;  Will  A.,  Oct.  15, 
1852.  Are  members  of  Christian 
Church.  The  subject  of  this  biography 
is  a  direct  lineal  descendant  of  the  En- 
glish   Baronet  William    Hayden,    who 


came  to  this  country  in  1630,  and  set- 
tled in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  and  .served 
with  distinction  in  the  Pequot  Indian 
War,  and  third  son  of  Allen  Willard 
Hayden,  who  was  born  in  Huntington, 
Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  1783,  and  located 
in  Pompey,  Onondaga,  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1800. 
He  owns  156*  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$30  per  acre. 
HA YNES,  D.  T.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0. 
Marshalltown ;  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio,  1825  ;    located   in  this  county  in 

1866.  Married  Catherine  Johnston  in 
1848;  she  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1826  ;  six  children  Alfred  P., 
born  May  17,  1848  ;  Louis  X.,  Sept.  1, 
1850;  Harvey  H.,  Sept.  27,  1854; 
Isaac  D.,  Aug.  10,  1862;  George  R., 
Nov.    19,    1865;     David    Q.,   Aug.   2, 

1867.  He  is  a  Greenbacker  in  politics. 
Owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre. 

HAYXE,  JOHN,  Jr.,  farmer  and 
ditcher,  Sec.  1 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown  ; 
born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1844  ; 
located  in  this  county  in  1855.  Married 
Miss  Ellen  E.  Baker  in  1877  ;  she  was 
born  in  Whiteside  Co.,  111.,  in  1847. 
She  is  a  Seventh-Day  Adventist.  He 
cultivates  174  acres  of  land  owned  by 
his  father  ;  he  runs  the  "  French  Patent 
Ditching  Machine,"  with  twelve  yoke  of 
oxen,  and  can  do  any  work  at  the  short- 
est notice  that  can  be  done  by  any  ma- 
chine used  in  ditching. 

HAYNE,  THOS.,  farmer,  Sec.  1 ; 
P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ohio,  in  1825  ;  located  in  this  county 
in  1856.  Married  Miss  Mary  G.  Nay- 
lor  in  1848  ;  she  was  born  in  the  same 
county  in  1827 ;  their  children  are 
Daniel,  born  Oct.  20, 1854  ;  Willard  W., 
Dec.  30,  1860  ;  Margaret  H.,  March 
26,  1863;  Florence  May,  Jan.  15, 
1866.  Are  members  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  ;  Republican.  He  is  Treas- 
urer of  the  School  Board  ;  Treasurer  of 
the  township  three  terms.  He  owns 
157  acres  of  land,  fine  natural  grove, 
valued  at  $45  per  acre. 

HOFM ASTER,  MICHAEL, 
farmer,  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ; 
was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  in 
1815  ;  came  to  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1832,  and  to  this  county  in  1864. 
Married     Justine     Laudaenshader     in" 


692 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


1842 ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1821  ;  five  children — Gideon,  born  May 
18,  1843  ;  Louisa,  Jan.  7,  1850  ;  Oliver, 
Nov.  26,  1857  ;  Ada,  Feb.  22,  18G0 ; 
Caroline,  May  6,  18G3.  Are  members 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  ;  he  is  a 
Democrat.  Has  been  School  Director, 
Road  Supervisor  and  Township  Trustee 
several  terms.  He  owns  200  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

Heifer.  A.,  far.,  S.  2G  ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown. 

Hofnester,  G.,  far.,  S.  26  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Heydon,  W.  C,  fiir.,S.3;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

HOWE,  WM.  n.,  farmer.  Sec.  35 ; 
P.  0.  Marshalltown;  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1849  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1874.  Married  Miss  Sarah 
Weir  in  1871  ;  she  was  born  in  New 
"York  in  1849.  He  is  a  Republican. 
Owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  830 
per  acre. 

Huff.  E.,  far.,  S.  2  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

HITCHIXOS,  EDWARD  E., 
Superintendent  Marshall  County  Poor 
House  Farm,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  O.  Lamoille ; 
born  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Maine,  in  1852  ; 
located  in  this  county  in  1875.  Married 
Miss  Mary  J.  Wilson  in  1878;  she  was 
born  in  Lake  Co.,  111.,  in  1857.  He  is 
a  Republican.  This  farm  of  240  acres 
is  improving  rapidly  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  Hutchings,  who  is  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  the  duties  of  his 
position  ;  he  is  raising  some  fine  grades 
of  stock,  hogs,  horses  and  cattle  ;  the  farm, 
which  was  established  in  1870,  is  now 
self-supportinii-. 

JOHNSON,  B.,  far.,  S.  3;    P.  0.  La- 
moille. 
Johnson,  L.  H.  far.,  S.  3 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 
Johnson,  R.  H.,far.,  S.  3;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

KLMBALL,  THOMAS,  grocery,  La- 
moille. 

KEXXEDY%  :!III.ES,  farmer.  Sec. 
15  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Upper  Can- 
ada, in  1848  ;  located  in  this  county  in 
1870.  Married  Miss  Laura  Park  in 
1873 ;  she  was  born  in  Maryland  in 
1854,  died  in  1876;  he  married  Mi.ss 
Viola  Threadway  in  1878;  one  child — 
Clarence,  born  Dec.  30, 1874.  He  owns 
83  •>  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre. 

KENNEDY,  WIIXIA^tt,  farm- 
mer  ;  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born 
in    Canada    in    1853 ;  located    in  this 


county  in  1870.  Married  Miss  Martha 
Buckhitlder  in  1874  ;  she  was  born  in 
Canada  in  1855  ;  they  have  one  child — 
Watson,  born  Jan.  9.  1875.  Independ- 
ent in  politics.  Owns  240  acres  of 
and,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 
Kruth,  W.,  far.,  S.  17  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

LINESNIGHOUSE,  M.,  far.,  S.  18; 
P.  0.  Lamoille. 
L.AL.I^EY,  MARTIN,  farmer,  S. 
36 ;  P.  0.  Marshalltown ;  born  in  Coun- 
ty Mayo,  Ireland,  in  1823  ;  came  to  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.,  in  1850;  moved  tu 
Pennsylvania  in  1854  ;  returned  to  New 
Brunswick  in  1856,  thence  to  Lee  Co., 
111.,  in  1800  ;  to  Clinton  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
the  Fall  of  the  same  year,  and  to  this 
county  in  1864.  Married  Miss  Alice 
McCaffery  in  1857  ;  she  was  born  in 
the  garden  spot  of  the  world.  County 
Monaghan,  Ireland,  in  1823  ;  their 
children  are  Mary,  born  Oct.  6,  1852, 
Katlierine,  born  Dec.  17,  1856 ;  John, 
born  Nov.  16,  1860  ;  Martin,  born  Nov. 
18,  1861.  Are  members  of  the  Catho- 
lic Church.  He  owns  120  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ;  his  son-in- 
law,  Wm.  O'Brien,  has  five  children — 
Alice,  born  Oct.  31,  1868  ;  Mary,  born 
Nov.  22,  1871 ;  Maggie,  born  Sept.  16. 
1873  ;  Annie,  born  Oct.  23,  1875  ;  Ag- 
nes, born  Oct.  3,  1877. 

LrXZ,  JOHN,  firmer,  S.  9  ;  P.  0. 
State  Centre;  born  in  Huntingdon  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1839;  moved  to  Ogle  Co., 
111.,  in  1869,  and  to  Polk  Co.,  Iowa,  in 
1874;  located  in  this  township  in  1876. 
Married  Miss  Sarah  Garber  in  1865  : 
she  was  born  in  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1846  ; 
have  four  children — Samuel  G.,  born 
Dec.  8,  1868  ;  Ira  D.,  Dec.  23,  1870  ; 
Mary  A.,  June  25,  1875,  and  Lula  C, 
Dec.  24,  1877.  Are  members  of  the 
German  Baptist  Church.  He  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

Liniiham,  M.,  far.,  S.  27;  P.O.Lamoille. 

McLAIN,  H.  C,  far.,  S.  10  ;  P.  0. 
Lamoille. 

Madden,  31.,  far.,  S,  25  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Magee.  J.  D. 

MANWARINO,  SAMl  EI.,far , 
S.  30 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Che- 
nango Co.,  N.  Y.,in  1822  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1856.  Married  Mi.ss  Hannah 
Lamphars  in  1846  ;  she  was  born  in  Sen- 
eca Co.,  N.  Y.,in  1825;  have  four  children 


WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 


t)93 


— Adolia  M.,  born  May  10, 1848  ;  Hel- 
lena  P.,  Aug.  17,  1858  ;  iMary  H., 
July  22,  1862,  and  Charley  Pratt,  Feb. 
5,  1865.  Republican.  Owns  260  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  has  un- 
|)rovemonts  of  a  superior  order. 

MARTIX,  JESSE,  farmer.  Sees. 
5  and  G  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre ;  born  in 
Hillsboro,  N.  H.,  in  1809;  located 
in  this  county  in  1860.  Married  La- 
vina  Hoyt  in  1850 ;  she  was  born  in 
Woodstock,  N.  H.,  in  1821  ;  have  two 
children — Charles  B.,  born  Jan.  12, 
1853 ;  Henry  N.,  born  May  14,  1862. 
Republican.  Owns  163  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

]«II.I.ER,  FREDERICK,  flir , 
Sec.  19 ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in 
Germany,  County  of  Holstein,  in  1839  ; 
came  to  this  country  and  located  in 
Grant  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1855,  and  in  this 
county  in  1869.  He  married  Miss  Dora 
Kay  in  1860  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1841;  their  children — Pauline  S., 
Jan.  11,  1861  ;  Frank  L.,  born  Feb.  13, 
1862  ;  Alvina  S.,  June  14, 1863  ;  Frank 
F.,  born  Dec.  1,  1864 ;  Dora  M.  L., 
born  Oct.  25,  1866  ;  Annie  C,  born 
Sept.  19,  1868  ;  Charles  A.,  born  Dec. 
28,  1871  ;  Frederick,  born  July  14, 
1874;  Nora,  born  May  1,  1877.  He 
owns  265  acres  of  land  in  a  high  state 
of  cultivation,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ; 
he  is  a  systematic  farmer,  and  although 
a  young  man  when  he  came  to  this 
county,  with  no  capital  l>ut  a  sound  ed- 
ucation, he  soon  familiarized  himself 
with  the  customs  of  the  new  country, 
and  adopted  that  profession  that  prom- 
ised the  most  independence  and  honest 
profit — farming. 

Moler,  J.,  far..  S.  10  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

MONTGOMERY,  H  E  X  R  Y , 
farmer,  Sec.  20  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ; 
born  in  Upper  Canada  in  1841  ;  moved 
to  Michigan  with  his  parents  when  a 
child,  and  to  Illinois  in  1859,  and  to 
Cedar  Co.,  Iowa,  in  1864,  and  located 
in  this  county  in  1871.  He  married 
Miss  Annie  E.  Rand  in  1870  ;  she  was 
born  in  Wisconsin  in  1851  ;  have  two 
children — William  G.  and  Dora  R.  Mr. 
Montgomery  enlisted  in  the  34tli  111.  V. 
I.,  Co.  D,  in  1861  ;  was  mustered  out 
in  1864;  served  one  year  and  a  half 
with  his  regiment,  and  was  then  detailed 


on  garrison  duty  in  heavy  artillery  in 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.;  was  discharged 
in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  at  the  close  of  his  term 
of  service. 

Monroe,  J.  W.,  far.,  Sec.  27 ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

Moore,  Wm.,  for.,  S.  20  ;  P.  O.  Lamoille. 

Mulcahy,  Martin,  far.  S.  34  ;  P.  0.  Mar- 
shalltown. 

MYERS,  WILl.IAiU  W.,  farmer, 
S.  5  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  George- 
town, D.  C.,in  1825  ;  moved  to  Colum- 
biana Co.,  0.,  in  1833,  and  to  this 
county  in  1856.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  F.  Townsend  in  1857  ;  she  was 
born  in  Beaver  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1836; 
two  children — Paulina  I.,  born  Jan.  10, 
1866;  Samuel  W^,  Sept.  15,  1868. 
Mrs.  M.,  is  member  of  the  Friends'  So- 
ciety. They  control  348  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $33  per  acre. 

NEWMAN,  J.,  far..  Sec.  19  ;  P.  O. 
State  Centre. 

XICHOIvS,  W.  R.,  farmer,  Sec.  9 ; 
P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in  London,  Eng., 
1832  ;  located  in  Jeiferson  Co.,  Wis.,  in 
1858,  and  in  this  county  in  1866.  He 
married  Miss  Ularah  Reeves  in  1852  ; 
she  was  born  in  Oxfordshire,  Eng.,  in 
1824  ;  their  children  are  John  W.  A., 
born  Jan.  22, 1856  ;  Susey  C,  June  29, 
1861.  Members  of  Episcopal  Church; 
he  is  a  Republican.  Owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He 
enlisted  in  the  3d  Wis.  Cavalry,  Co.  C, 
in  January,  1864;  mustered  out  in  1865. 

Noble,  C,  far.,  S.  12 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

O'BRIEN,  Wm.,  far.,    S.   35 ;    P.  0. 
Marshalltown. 
Overhalts,  A.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

PHILLIPS,  B.  G.,  farmer,  S.2  ;  P.  0. 
Lamoille. 
PARKE,  THOMAS,  farmer,  S. 
32  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Wash- 
ington Co.,  Md.,  in  1839  ;  moved  to 
Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1855  ;  to  Grundy  Co., 
Iowa.,  in  1868,  and  located  in  this 
county  in  1873.  Married  Miss  Amy 
C.  Stauff'er  in  1864  ;  she  was  born  in 
same  county  in  1844;  have  four 
children  —  Emma  A.,  born  June  30, 
1868  ;  Effie  May,  Oct.  12, 1870  ;  Car- 
rie E.,  Nov.  15, 1872  ;  LaRoy,  Feb.  2, 
1877.  Mr.  P.  is  a  Republican.  Has 
been  School  Director  and  Road  Super- 
visor.    He  rents  $160  acres  of  land. 


694 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


POFFENBERGKR,  A.,  feimei, 
S.  19  ;  P.  0.  State  Ceutre;  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  Md.,  in  1834.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Henrietta  Hatzel  in  1858 ; 
slie  was  born  in  same  county  and  State 
in  1838  ;  have  three  children — WiUiam 
H.,  born  Dec.  16,  1858 ;  Anna  Laura, 
Sept.  8,  1860 ;  Charles  M.,  Dec.  26, 
1866.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics ; 
is  Road  Supervisor  and  School  Director. 
Owns  159  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §35 
per  acre. 

POFFENBERGER,  J.,  farmer, 
S.  32;  P.  0.  State  Centre;  born  in 
■\Va.shington  Co.,  Md.,  1839;  moved  to 
Montgomery  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1862;  to 
Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1864  ;  and  located  in 
thiis  county  in  1873.  Married  Annie 
W.  Bassett  in  1865  ;  she  was  born  in 
England  in  1844;  their  children  are 
Edward  L.,  born  Sept.  3,  1866  ;  Erenia 
H.,  Oct.  6,  1869.  He  is  a  Democrat. 
He  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
840  per  acre. 

Pratt,  Jonas,  far.,  S.  12 ;   P.  0.  Lamoille. 

RIEMENSCHNEIDER,     HENRY, 
far.,  S.  7,  P.  0.  State  Centre. 
Rouudv.  J.  D.,  far.,  S.  11 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

SARIN,  T.  J.,  far..  Sec.  18;  P.  0. 
State  Centre. 

8CHRADER,  AU(,;UST,  farmer, 
S.  19;  P.O.  State  Centre;  born  in 
Germany  in  1832  ;  came  to  Baltimore, 
Md.,  in  1853  ;  located  in  this  county  in 
1864.  Married  Anna  M.  Botteger  in 
1857 ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1836.  He  is  a  Republican.  Owns 
120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §40  per 
acre. 

SCOTT,  F.  A.,  farmer,  Sec.  17  ;  P. 
0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Washtenaw  Co., 
Mich.,  in  March,  1864;  located  in  this 
county  in  1868.  Married  Miss  Adelia 
Freer  in  1873;  she  was  born  in  the  same 
county.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 
Own.s  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $45 
per  acre. 

SEIBERT,  J.  C,  farmer  and 
preacher,  Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ; 
born  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1840  ; 
moved  to  Stark  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1846,  and 
to  Ashland  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1860,  and  lo- 
cated in  this  county  in  1875.  Married 
Miss  Eliza  Stuckey  in  1860  ;  she  was 
born  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1 842  ; 
have    four    children — Harry    M.,    born 


June  5,  1864 ;  Jesse  G.,  Aug.  26, 
1867  ;  Libby  A.,  Feb.  20,  1871  ;  Char- 
ley J.,  June  24,  1873.  They  are  mem- 
bers of  the  German  Baptist  Church,  of 
which  he  is  one  of  the  preachers.  He 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre. 

SESSION^^,  A.,  former,  Sec.  6  ;  P. 
0.  State  Centre ;  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Mass.,  in  1812  ;  located  in  this  county 
in  1875.  Married  E.  Maxam  in  1825  ; 
she  was  born  in  the  same  place  in  181(1, 
died  1830  ;  one  child — Samuel  A.. 
born  in  1829.  Married  Miss  Lydia 
.  Rice  in  1832;  she  died  in  1853;  three 
children — George  Le  Roy,  born  Jan.  1, 
1834;  William  N.,  July  25,  1836;  Ar- 
thur L.,  May  2,  1838.  He  married  his 
present  wife,  Ellen  Michael,  in  1876. 
Republican.  Road  Supervisor.  Owns 
1 23  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §30  per  acre. 

Shaul,  P.,  far.,  S.  13;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Smith,  A.  A.,  far.,  S.  28;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Smith,  W.  R.,  far.,  S.  21 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

SNIVEEY",  GEO.  W.,  former,  Sec. 
12;  P.  0.  Marslialltown ;  born  in  War- 
ren Co.,  111.,  in  1854  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1875.  Married  Miss  J.  l)ah- 
iels  in  1875  ;  she  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1853;  have  ont  child — Ida, 
born  June  24,  1876.  Greenbacker  in 
politics.     Rents  forty  acres  of  land. 

Sommerkamp,  A.,  far.,  Sec.  7 ;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

Stevens  &  Lane,  farmers. 

Stouffer,  A.,  far.,  S.  22  ;    P.  0.  Lamoille. 

STOUFFER,  D.  A.,  farmer,  Sec. 
13  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Md.,  in  1828;  located  in  Ogle 
Co.,  111.,  in  1845,  and  in  this  county 
in  1869.  Married  Miss  Ellen  A.  Parke 
in  1861  ;  she  was  bora  in  same  place  in 
1844 ;  their  children  are  George  A., 
born  Nov.  5,  1862  ;  William  S.,  Sept. 
10,  1864 ;  Edward  F.,  May  4,  1867  ; 
Charles  E.,  Oct.  29,  1869;  Ora  C, 
Aug.  2,  1874.  They  are  liembers  of 
the  M.  E.  Church ;  he  is  a  Republican. 
Has  been  School  Director  two  years  ;  is 
Road  Supervisor  at  present.  He  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

Stouffer,  G.  H.,  far.,  Sec.  33 ;  P.  0.  La- 
moille. 

Stouffer,  J.,  far.,  S.  33  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

rpALBERT,  W.  S.,  lab.,  I^amoille. 


WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 


G95 


Thayor,  S.,  far.,  S.  28;  P.  O.  Lamoille. 

'rriplett,  Amos,  far..  Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  State 
Centre. 

TRIPI.ETT,  F.  M.,  farmer,  See. 
ID;  P.  O.  State  Centre;  born  in  Bu- 
reau Co.,  111.,  184G  ;  located  in  this 
county  in  1870.  Married  Miss  x\da 
Rollins  in  1871  ;  she  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1849.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican. He  owns  100  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  S30  per  acre. 

TRIPLETT,.  WII.I.IAM  (de- 
ceased) ;  born  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  in 
1836,  died  Sept.  16,  1877  ;  he  located 
in  this  county  in  1868.  Married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Diggings  in  1856 ;  slie  was 
born  in  Juniata  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1882; 
seven  children — Wesley  H.,  born  May 
23,  1857;  Riley,  July  8, 1859  ;  Harry, 
July  29,  1861  ;  Stephen  A.,  April  29, 
1864;  Rizzie  and  Roxie  (twins),  Sept. 
8,  1866;  Rhoda  T.,  Nov.  14,  1872. 
Mrs.  T,  is  a  member  of  M.  E.  Church. 
Owns  120  acres  of  land  valued  at  $35 
per  acre. 

Trucks,  M.,  far.,  S.  7  ;  P.  O.  Lamoille. 

WAGERMAN,  JACOB,  far.,  S.  8  ; 
P.O.   Lamoille. 

WALL.  ACE,  VALENTINE, 
former,  S.  29;  P.  0.  State  Centre; 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  Md.,  in  1836; 
moved  to  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1845,  and 
located  in  this  county  in  1869.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  C.  Cauifman  in  1862; 
she  was  born  in  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1839; 
died  in  1863;  he  married  Miss  Mar- 
garet E.  SoufFer  in  1867  ;  she  was  born 
in  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  in  1848;  have  three 
children — Pjusebia  N.,  born  June  14, 
1868;  Lorena  E.,  Feb.  6,  1870; 
Adelbert  F.,  May  24,  1871.  Are  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Adelphi  Church  ; 
Republican  ;  has  been  School  Director 
and  Road  Supervisor  several  terms. 
Owns  240  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre. 

WAGAMAN,  JOHN,  farmer,  S. 
32  ;  P.  0.  State  Centre  ;  born  in  Bed- 
ford Co.,  Penn.,  in  1821  ;  moved  to 
Carroll  Co.,  111.,  in  1856,  and  located  in 
this  county  in  1867.  He  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Coughanour  in  1852 ;  she 
was  born  in  Bedford  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1830  ;  they  have  two  children — Mary 
C,  born  June  5,  1860  ;  William  W., 
Oct.  4,  1865.     Members  of  the  M.  E. 


Church,  of  which  he  is  Steward;  he  is 
a  Republican.  Owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

Weir,  Geo.,  far.,  S.  25;    P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Weir,  John,  far.,  Sec.  36;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

WHALEY,  JOHN  B.,  farmer,  S. 
12;  P.  O.  Lamoille;  born  in  Meigs 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1852;  located  in  this 
county  in  1855.  Married  Miss  Ida 
May  Dunlap ;  she  was  born  in  this 
county  in  1855.  He  owns  seventy-five 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  j^er  acre. 

Wickersham,  A.,  far.,  S.  23  ;  P.O.  Lamoille. 

Wickersham,  B.  F.,  farmer,  Sec,  34 ;  P. 
0.  Lamoille. 

Wickersham,  E.  H.,  farmer.  Sec.  23 ;  P. 
0.  Lamoille. 

Wickersham,  H.,  farmer,  S.  34. 

Wickersham,  S.  J.,  far.,  S.  11  ;  P.  O.  La- 
moille. 

Wickersham,  T.  G.,  far.,  S.  36  ;  P.  O.  La- 
moille. 

Wolcott,  A.  T.,  far.,  S.  14 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

WOOHARD,  LYMAN,  farmer,  S. 
1  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille  ;  born  in  Vermont 
in  1809  ;  located  in  this  county  in  1856. 
Married  Ann  Eliza  Miller,  1832;  she 
was  born  in  Lower  Canada  in  1813; 
their  children  are  Mayra,  born  Nov.  7, 
1839  ;  was  in  the  army  of  United 
States  four  years ;  William,  May  16, 
1842  ;  died  from  wounds  at  battle  of 
luka  Jan.  25,  1863;  Charles  H.,  Dec. 
31,1844;  Eliza  J.,  July  16,  1847; 
Melvin,  Sept.  7,  1850  ;  Wanan  W., 
July  3,  1854.  Are  members  of  the  M. 
E.  Church  List  forty  years ;  Republican. 
Owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre. 

Woodard,  M.,   far.,  S.  9  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

WORTH,  JOHN,  far.,  S.  23;  P.  O.- 
Lamoille ;  born  in  Germany  in  1827  ; 
came  to  this  country  and  located  in 
Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1849,  and  in  this 
county  in  1859.  Married  Miss  Manly 
Shaul ;  she  was  born  in  Onondaga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1842  ;  three  children— Alley 
L.,  born  in  July,  1856  ;  Charles  W., 
Feb.  11,  1860;  Herbert  J.,  Aug.  5, 
1862.  Republican.  Owns  120  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

Wyatt,  A.  S.,  far.,  S.  22 ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Wyatt,  E.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

Wyatt,  P].  A.,  far.,  S.  27  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 

WYATT,  EDW  ARD  M.,  farmer. 
Sec.  16;   P.  0.  Lamoille;  born  in  Can- 


696 


DIRECTORY  OF  MARSHALL  COUNTY 


ada  in  1831  ;  went  to  California  in 
1853 ;  located  in  this  county  in  185G. 
He  married  Miss  Isabella  G.  Smith  in 
1856  ;  she  was  born  in  Canada  in  1840  ; 
have  eight  children — William  F.,  born 
Feb.  27,  ISGO  ;  Bertha,  Aug.  19,  1802  ; 
Sarah  R.,  Dec.  27,  18(i5  ;  Jennotte  E., 
April  10,  18G7;  Charles,  Sept.  12, 
1870;  Mary  V.,  March  12,  1872; 
Agnes  G.,  Nov.  10,  1874  ;  Cynthia  A., 
April  10,  1877.  Are  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church,  of  which  he  is  Steward. 
Is  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  has  been 
for  eight  years.  Kepublican.  Owns 
427  acres  of  land,  valued  at  fo5  j)er 
acre. 


Wyatt,  E.  R.,  far.,  S.  IG  ;  P.  0.  Lamoille. 
Wyatt,  H.  M.,  far.,S.  27  ;   P.O.  Lamoille. 

YOKOM,  E.  N.,  far.,  S.  32  ;  P.  0. 
Lamoille. 
ZUSENISEZ,  HENRY,  farmer, 
Sec.  14  ;  P.  O.  Lamoille  ;  born  in 
Hanover,  Germany,  in  1821  ;  came  to 
this  country  in  1870.  Married  Louisa 
Wilhi'lm  in  1851  ;  she  was  born  ia  the 
same  place  in  Germany  in  1815;  they 
have  four  children — Sophia,  born  in 
1854;  Dora,  in  1858;  Frederick,  in 
18G2  ;  Henry,  in  1 8G8.  They  are  mem- 
bers of  the  German  Chureh.  He  owns 
200  acres,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 


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