Full text of "History of McDonough County, Illinois, together with sketches of the towns, villages and townships, educational, civil, military and political history; portraits of prominent individuals, and biographies of the representative citizens. History of Illinois.."

"LJ E> RAR.Y

OF THE

UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS

The person charging this material is re-
sponsible for its return on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.

Theft, mutilation and underlining of books
are reasons for disciplinary action and may
result in dismissal from the University.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

JOV 9 1987
1986

X " , www AJAC.

fW 17 *^

APR 08 1380
MAR 1 3 1980 ftUP 2 4 1988

1 980 jnAC

"%m MAR 01 1995

DEC 2 2

L161 O-1096

HISTORY

McDONOUGH COUNTY,

ILLINOIS.

TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF THE TOWNS, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDUCATIONAL, CIVIL,

MILITARY AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS,

t AND BIOGRAPHIES OF THE . REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS.

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC RACES, AND A
BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL AND MILITARY HISTORY.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL..*.
CONTINENTAL HISTORICAL CO.

1885

O THE

WITH THE HOPE THAT THEIK VIRTUES MAY BE
EMULATED, AND THEIR TOILS AND SAC-
RIFICES APPRECIATED BY THE

COMING GENERATIONS.

Printers & Bookbinders, (fe^o-

PREFACE.

The importance of preserving in concise form the traditions of the past has
never been questioned, nor the usefulness of local history been disputed. Believ-
ing that the county of McDonough afforded most excellent material for a good
county history, the Continental History Company placed in the field a full corps of
experienced historians, prepared to spare no time or money in compiling a com-
plete and reliable work. The manuscript of this history has been submitted to the
committee chosen by your own citizens for the purpose, who, after a critical exam-
ination of them, have approved of our work. We feel confident that we here pre-
sent our patrons with a work that is as correct as it is possible for humanity to
make. That errors have crept in, and may be found, we do not doubt. Man is, at
the best, but a fallible creature, but every statement herein published, is honestly
believed in by the parties furnishing the information, by the historians, and by the
committees of revision. All desire the truth, and nothing but the truth. They
gave much time and labor to the work, and deserve the thanks of the citizens of
the county for the faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them. Our thanks
are due to the numerous friends who have so kindly assisted us in gathering up
items and assisting in the compilation of this volume. We cannot name them all,
for their name is legion, but we must not forget to mention James M. Campbell,
Thomas- Fulkerson, Quintus Walker, Charles W. Dines, C. S. Churchill, Charles
H. Whitaker, B. R. Hampton, T. H. B. Camp, W. H. Hainline, and the other
county officials, members of the press and others throughout the county.

Nor mast we forget to remember and thank the historians of the company
who have labored so hard and faithfully for the good of all James S. Walters,
general historian; Charles W. Moseley, assistant historian; Maurice E. Power, W.
M. Shumaker, James McFarland, C. M. Reynolds, Myron E. Lusk, J. M. Braddock,
Charles H. Shaler, George A. Franklin, Karr McClintock, C. C. Chapman and
Joseph H. Power, local historians ; W. B. Wetherbee, of the portrait department ; J. K.
Magie, R. V. Mallory, Mrs. W. B. Wetherbee, Thomas Jewell and Miss Adele
Walters, editors of the biographical department. All have tried to do their duty
well, and please the company and our patrons.

In conclusion, we would say that our work is done; the History of McDon-
ough County is before you. We cheerfully hope it will please you.
Yours Very Truly,

THE CONTINENTAL HISTORICAL COMPANY.

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, JUNE, 1885.

Certificate of tl^e General Gon^ittee,

WE, the undersigned committee of old settlers, and business men of McDonough county,
Illinois, appointed for the purpose of revising the history of our county, now being compiled by
the Continental Historical Company, of Springfield, Illinois, do hereby certify that the manuscript
of the said work was submitted to us at Macomb, on the 27th of April, 1885, and that we have made
all the corrections and additions, which we in our judgment deemed necessary, and as so corrected
we approve of the same.

John Wilson, Sr.,
B. R. Hampton,
James M. Campbell,
G. W. Hamilton.

Thomas Fulkerson,
Henry W. Kreider,
John M. Jackson,

John L. Anderson,
Richard Pennington,
Charles H. Whitaker,

Certificate of tl^e SoW^sl^ip Gorr^r^ittees,

WE, the undersigned committee, appointed by the old settlers for the purpose of correcting
and revising the histories of our respective township for the forthcoming history of McDonough
county, do hereby certify that the manuscript of the same has been submitted to us, and we have
made such additions, corrections and emendations as we, in our judgment, deemed necessary, and
as so corrected, we do approve of the same.

James Cole,
Stockton West,

Bushnell.

W. W. Stewart,
Quintus Walker,

Walnut Grove.

Henry W. Kreider,

Prairie City.

Edward Dyer,
W. H. Greene,
J. M. Jackson,

Mound.

J. E. D. Hammer,
Richard Pennington,

New Salem.

Thomas Lawyer,
J. N. Foster,
Thos. Ausbury,

Eldorado.

George W. Reid,

Chalmers.

S. J. Grigsby,
Alfred Pennington,
O. P. Pennington,

Blandinsville.

Nancy Logan,
James Seybold,
E. N. Hicks,
G. H. Monarch,

Hire.

A. V. Brooking,
Alfred Pennington,
Charles Creel,

Emmet.

J. M. Wallin,
W. B. Clarke,
T. W. Head,
James Statler,

Sciota.

Charles E. Holton,
G. G. Venard,

Bethel.

John H. Smith,
Charles Hills,

Lamoine,

Thomas Fulkerson,
J. Eaton,

Tennessee.

D. W. Campbell,

Colchester.

John Wilson, Sr.,
G. C. Meader,

Industry.

W. T. Brooking,
J. M. Jackson, D. M. Crabb,

Macomb.
Hugh Watson,
John Barclay,

Scotland.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

CHAPTER I.

PAGE

The mr>und builders ................................ 17

Other races .......................................... 19

Indians ...................... ........................ 20

Illinois confederacy ......... ....................... 20

Early discoveries ................................... 21

First setllers ..................... .................... 22

English rule ......... . ............................... 23

CHAPTER II.

COUNTY AND TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS. ... 24

County of Illinois .............................. 25

Northwestern territory ........................ 26

Ordinance of 1787 ............................... 26

Illinois territory ................................ 27

CHAPTER III.

STATE ORGANIZATION
First constitution
Wfnnebago war
Black Hawk war
Internal Improvements
Improvements inaugurated

28
28
28
29
30
30
Illinois and Michigan canal ................... 31

Panic ............................................. 32

CHAPTER IV.

MORMON, MEXICAN AND CIVIL WARS ..... 32

The battle of Nauvoo. , ......................... 35

Mexican war .................................... 36

War for the union .............................. 38

CHAPTER V.

GOVERNMENT .................................... 40

Governors ....................................... 40

Shadrach Bond ................................ 40

Edward Coles ................................. 40

Nlnian Edwards

John Reynolds

Joseph Duncan

Thomas Carlin

Thomas Ford

Augustus C. French

Joel A. Matteson

William H. Bissell

Richard Yates

Kichard J. Oglesby

John M. Palmer

Shelby M. Cullom

John M. Hami Iton

Lieutenant Governors

Superintendents of Public Instruction.

Attorney General

Treasurers

Secretaries of State

Auditors of State

United State Senators

Niuian Edwards

Jesse B. Thomas

.John McLean

Elias Kent Kane

David Jewett Parker

John M. Kobinson

William L. D. Ewing

Richard M. Young

Samuel McRoberts

Sidney Breese

James Semple

Stephen A. Douglas

James Shields

Ly man Trumbull

Orville H Browning

W. A. Richardson

Richard Yates

John A. Logan

David Davis

Representatives in Congress

TAOE

. 40

.. 40

. 41

. 42

43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
46

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.

CHAPTER II.

GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, RESOURCES.
Wealth

CHAPTER III.

GEOLOGY :

Coal measures

St. Louis limestone

Keokuk limestone

Economical Geology

Coal

Fire clay Iron ore

Building stone Limestone for lime.

Sand and clay for brick

Soil and agriculture

CHAPTER IV.

PIONEER LIFE

Early manners and customs .

Character of the pioneers .

Clothing ,

Weddings

Shakes

Snakes Agriculture

Religion T

CHAPTER V.

EARLY SETTLEMENT.

Early settlers

Historic first items. . .

CHAPTER VI.

REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS, ETC.

An Incident

Deep snow

By Humphrey Horrabln

Reminiscence of A. H. Walker

By Thomas Fulkerson

By Isaac Opp

By John Wilson

Reminiscence of R. L. Darke

Martha Russell's

71
7:.
77
78
711
80

96
98
101
102
103
106
107
108
110
111

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER VII.

PAGE

BLACK HAWK WAR 112

Roster 119

CHAPTER VIII.

MORMONS AND MORMON WAR 119

Roster , 129

CHAPTER IX.

WAR FOR THE UNION 133

Roster '. 146

Battery H, 2d artillery and 2d cavalry 147

7th cavalry 149

8th and llth cavalry 151

12th and 16th cavalry 152

12th and 16th infantry 155

17th, 18th and 28th infantry J60

30th, 50th and 55th infantry 163

57th infantry 166

59th infantry 167

62d and 64th infantry 169

72d and 78th infantry 174

84th infantry 178

88th and 103d infantry 182

118th and 119th infantry 183

124th infantry 185

125th and 137th infantry 187

138th and 151st Infantry 191

10th Missouri infantry r 192

2d California cavalry 194

54th Ohio infantry 194

5th California infantry 194

United states veteran volunteers 194

. E- gineer regiment of Missouri 194

First engineer regiment of the west 194

Roll of honor 194

CHAPTER X.

COUNTY GOVERNMENT 200

Commissioners' court 202

County court 212

Board of supervisors 213

CHAPTER XI.

OTHER OFFICIAL MATTER 221

Matrimonial 221

Records 224

Town plats Court house 227

Countyjall : >. 235

County charity 236

CHAPTER XII.

POLITICAL 239

Official vote 255

CHAPTER XIII.

NAT'L, STATE, COUNTY, REPRESENTAT'N.

Congressional

General Assembly

County c.erk

County judge

County treasurer

Clerk of circuit court

Sheriff

Surveyors

Coroners

266
266
270
293
299
307
317
321
327
328

CHAPTER XIV.

COURTS OF MCDONOUGH COUNTY.

Circuit court

States attorneys

Dark deeds

Murder of John Wilson

Murder of James Dye

Killing of W. H. Randolph

328
329
337
338
339
342
345

CHAPTER XV.

RAILROADS 348

CHAPTER XVI.

PAGE

SOCIETIES IN GENERAL 357

Agricultural society 357

Stock association 359

Bushnell agricultural society 359

Old settlers association 360

Patrons of Husbandry 363

Anti-Horse-Thief association 866

CHAPTER XVII.

EDUCATIONAL 371

Commissioners of school lands 375

Superintendent of schools 377

Development 879

McDonough college 381

Normal college 883

Western Normal college, Bushnell 383

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE BAR 385

Lawyers of the county 387

Bar of the present 392

CHAPTER XIX.

THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 405

Physicians of Macomb 407

Physicians of Colchester 415

Physicians of Bushnell 416

Physicians of Blandlnsville : 418

Other physicians 421

CHAPTER XX.

ECCLESIASTICAL 427

Presbyterian church, Macomb 428

Bushnell 430

Good Hope 433

Camp Creek 433

Doddsville 435

Shiloh Prairie City 439

Ebenezer 440

Cumberland Presbyterian, Macomb 442

Argyle , 443

West Prairie 444

Industry Good Hope 445

Sugar Creek 446

Methodist Episcopal, Macomb 446

Second, Macomb 447

Prairie City 447

Greenwood 449

Emmet township 460

Stickle Blandinsville 450

Bardolph 451

Scott's Bushnell German, Bushnell 453

Industry 454

Linn Grove Good Hope 455

Chalmers township Tennessee 455

Rock creek Friendship 456

Maple Grove 457

Mound Cbapel 457

Pleasant Grove 457

Liberty 457

Colchester 458

Willow Grove 458

New Hope Adair Sec. 11 459

Pleasantj Mound 459

Mound Chapel Adair 460

Pennington's Point 460

Centennial Tennessee 461

Baptist Church, Macomb 461

Second. Macomb 462

New Hope 462

Blandinsville 463

Bushnell Tennessee sciota 467

Independent Hillsborough 468

Prairie City 468

Cedar Creek 469

Regular Baptist, Bethel township 469

Antloch 473

Free-Will Baptists, Prairie City 473

German Baptists

Christian church, Macomb

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Ecclesiastical Continued PAGE

Cblchester Blandinsville 477

Mound New Salem . . 478

Bedford ; 479

Sciota New Bradford 480

Lutheran, Trinity, Macomb 480

Chalmers township 481

Congregational, Macomb , 482

Prairie City 482

Universalist, Macomb 482

United Brethren In Christ 483

Center 485

Pleasant Gale Willow Grovu 486

Jerusalem Blandinsville 487

Hire township Scotland township 489

Pilot Grove 489

Bushnell Reformed church 489

St. Thomas Episcopal ch-urch 490

Catholic church, McDonough county 490

CHAPTER XXI.

JOURNALISM 499

McDonough Independent 502

Macomb Enterprise 507

Military Tract Journal 511

Macomb Journal 511

Macomb Eagle 514

Macomb Ledger 521

Western Light 521

Illinois By-Stander 521

Illinois Granger 525

Macomb Independent 526

Colchester Independent 527

Colchester News 528

McDonough Democrat 530

Daily Independent 531

Prairie City Chronicle 531

Prairie Chief Prairie Chicken 531

Prairie City Herald Prairie City Bugle 531

Prairie City Herald / 533

Blandinsville Argus 535

Blaudlnsville Era 535

McDonough Democrat 535

Blandinsville Republican , 536

Blandinsville Review 536

Good Hope Index 538

Union Press 541

Bushnell Record 541

Macomb Enterprise 545

CHAPTER XXII.

TENNESSEE TOWNSHIP 545

Earl v settlement 546

HILL'S GROVE 561

Educational 561

Postoffice Religious Historic 564

Organization 564

TKNNKSSKB 565

The Beginning 565

Business development 566

Hotels Postofflce 569

Industrial Interests 570

Societies 575

Organization 576

Educational 577

Historic Notes 579

CHAPTER XXIII.

COLCHESTER TOWNSHIP 589

Early settlement 590

Organic 597

COLCHESI-KB 598

Beginning 599

First merchant 599

Business development 600

Hotels 611

Bank Elevator...! . 612

Mills 613

School interests 614

Societies 615

Municipal 617

Band Coal Interests : 618

CHAPTER XXIV.

HIRE TOWNSHIP

Early settlers.

Educational

Organic and historic.
Sunday schools

PACiE

. 623

. 646

. 647

CHAPTER XXV.

LAMOINE TOWNSHIP

Early settlement

Educational

Religious, Historic notes

Organic

COLMAK

Postofflce, churches

CHAPTER XXVI.

EMMET TOWNSHIP

Early settlement

Educational

Chickamauga stock farm

Vineyards

Coal banks, brick yards, etc

Good Templars

Historic Items, Organic and Clay bank.

CHAPTER XXVII.

BETHEL TOWNSHIP

Early setllers .'

Organic Educational

Postoffice Religious

H storical. ..

CHAPTER XXVIII.

SCOTLAND TOWNSHIP

Early settlement

Educational

Religious Organization

CHAPTER XXIX.

INDUSTRY TOWNSHIP

Early settlement

Educational

Organic First, items ,

INDUSTRY

Hotels

Educational Religious

Government Societies ..;

Insurance Co

Saw mill

CHAPTER XXX.

PRAIRIE CITY TOWNSHIP

Organization.-

Educational Early settlement

PRAIKIE CITY

How Named

Beginning

Business interests

Hotels

Bank Tile works

Coal

Improvements

Societies

Academy

Religious First items .,

CHAPTER XXXI.

ELDORADO TOWNSHIP

Early settlement

Educational

Hall Organic

Historical Religious

CHAPTER XXXII.

CHALMERS TOWNSHIP

Early settlement

Educational

Mineral spring Organic Historic.

MlDDLETOWN

649
649
661
662
663
663
664

664
665
691
692
692
693
691

695
695
707
708
711

711
712
725
726

726
727
742
745
745
749
755
755
756
756

757

757
758
764
765
766
768
774
775
777
787
788
789
790

790
791

807
808
809

809
810
817
819
820

XII

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

PAGE

BUSHNELL TOWNSHIP 821

Early settlement 821

Educational Organic 824

BUSHNELL 824

Hotels 839

Mill Tile works 840

Koseville manufacturing company 840

Tile works 840

PumpCo 841

Opera House Creamery 842

Hstorlc Societies t50

Municipal..: 852

Educational... . 853

CHAPTER XXXIV.

BLANDINSVILLE TOWNSHIP 856

Early settlement 857

Educational 875

Mill Religious 877

Hilldale stock Farm 878

Organic 878

Historical . 879

BLANDINSVILLE.

Bank

Elevator Opera House Hotels.

Band Mills Educational

Iteligious Societies

879
888
890
897
899

CHAPTER XXXV.

NEW SALEM TO W NSH1P 901

Early settlement 901

Etlucatioual 924

Historic 925

Organic 926

PENMNGTON'S POINT 926

ADAIK 926

Hotel... . 928

CHAPTER XXXVI.

SCIOTA TOWNSHIP : 930

Educational 941

Historic 941

Organization 943

GOOD HOPE 943

Postofflce Tile works 949

Creamery 950

Elevator Grist mill 95i

Societies Municipal 952

SCIOTA 953

Beginning 953

Municipal 956

Elevator Historical 957

Societies -Educational 957

CHAPTER XXXVII.

PAGE

MOUND TOWNSHIP 958

Early settlement 959

Educational 974

Organic Historic 976

NEW PHILADELPHIA 976

Hotel First items 981

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

MACOMB TOWNSHIP 984

Early settlement 985

Educational 997

Clay Bank Lyceum Creamery 998

Religious Organic Historic 999

BAR LOLPH 999

Organic Fire Clay works 1002

Poti ery works 1005

Societies 1006

Band 1008

Educational 1009

CHAPTER XXXIX.

WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP 1014

Artificial Lakes 1027'

Educational 1037

lown Hall Religious 1039

Organic Historic 1040

WALNUT GROVB 1041

Postofflce Elevator-, K41

Society -. 1042

SCOTTbBURQ 10458

Postofflce Elevator 1043

. Reminiscence 1043

CHAPTER XL.

CITY OF MACOMB 1048

Early days 1049

Business development 1056

Present business 1057

Banks 1089

Hote.s 1094

Board of trade 1096

Mills 1096

Macomb Tile and Sewer Pipe Co 1097

Eagle Pottery Buckeye Pottery 1098

Carriage manufactories 1099

Wagon works 1100

Vinegar factories : 1102

Bottling works 1103

Marble works 1103

Calendar Clock Co 1104

Foundry Planing mill 1105

Gas woi ks Opera house 1106

Depot 1107

Postofflce 1113

Government 1115

Educational 1122

Religious H25

Societies Library 1126

Fire department Band 1131

BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX xii

BIOGRAPHICAL.

Page.
Ackerman, D C . 783

Page.
Blazer, James M . 398

Page.
Chandler, C. V 1090

PBM.

Dines, C. W 296

Adair, A. A 990

Blount, J. W 1078

Chandler, Thompson 302
Chapman, C. C 1101

Dines, Thomas 2%

Adams, Alexander 803
\dkisson, J. N . . 741

Blount, Asher 10r

Dixson, E. B 840

Bodkin, R. T 8.4

Chapman, W. W 387

Dixon, Amos 323

Agnew, M. P 604

Bolles, Dr. Edgar 410

Chatterton, C. II 687

Doak, T. J 1144

A<mew, H. C 397

Bonham, R. M...: 1143

Chambers, David 402

Dodds, J. S 869

Aldrich. Davis . . 895

Boothe, G. J 1005

Churchill, Cadwalader S. 321
Churchill, Burchard 321
Churchill, J. W 1111

Dodge, Rev. S. T 780
Douglas, Stephen A 331
DoiH'las, Adam 990

Alexander, S. J 847

Booth, James 1037

Allen, R. T 970

Booth, J. C 1037

Allison, John 715

Booth, J. W I... 966

Clark, Dr. Albert S 416
Clark, H. T 842

Douglass, U. T 938

Allison, John, Jr 731

Booth, J. F 966

Drake, L. T. . 769

Allison, H. A 94(5

Booth, George, Sr . . . . 9ti7

Clark, Alvah 909

Duncan, C. M 888

Allison, J. H 949

Bostwick, G. L 773

Clark, James 714

Duncan, II. II 873

Allison, Andrew 951

Bowman, T. J 610

Clarke, David 1051

Duncan, T. B .... 861

Allison. John Jr 1033

J3oyd. Benjamin 586

Clarke, S. L 665

Douglas, J. S 580

Ames, J. B 9%

Bradbury, L. H 776

Clarke, W. B 955

Doughty, G. S 402

Anderson, John 92

Bradburv. B. F 776

Clarke, James 299

Dudrnan, T. J. . 378

\nderson W. E 1069lBradhurv. L. H: 766

Clayton, V. B 592

Dunham, Rev. Joshua. .. 488
Dunn, Richard . 84

Andrews, James 815

Bradfield. S. S 839

Clayton, W. W 592

Andrews, William 816

Brattle, James W 328

Claybaugh, B. H 612

Dunn, E. T 1103

Anstine, Simon . 752

Breiner, F. J 762

Cline.I. F 991
Cline, A. J 991

Dunn, Dr. B. 1 414
Dunbar, J. II 762

Archer, Dr. Meredith C. 408
Arthur, Abraham 1028

Breiner, G. D 935

Breiner, Lewis 935

Coffman, M 883

Duncan, Frank. 740

Atherton, W. B 723

Bridees. John ... . . 728

Cole, James 826

Duncan, Dr. J. M 420

A-tkinson, Louis 678 Bright. Samuel . 678

Coleman, B. M 849

Duncan, Dr. B. A 421

Ausbury, I. N 732 Brooking. T. A 1053

Collins,G. W 657

Dunsworth, J. H 696

Bacon, Larkin C 555

Brooking, Robert 1061

Collins, John 948

Dunsworth, Charles 697
Dunsworth, John M 377
Durflinger, Jacob 593

Brooking, T. A 681

Collins, Joseph 993

Brooking, A. V 682

Costlo, Gregg 805

Bailey, Col. Wm. W.... 271
Bailey, Jacob L 398

Brooking, Lucian 1070

Costlo, J. H 806

Durflinger, J. T 594

Brown, Joseph 737

Conner, Joseph 797

Dyer, Edward. 846

Bailey, G W 1057

Brown, Alfred 644

Consene, W. L 605

Eads, Albert 1093

Baldwin, H. S .941

Brown, F. L 945

Conwell, Charles 865

Ball, IraD 838
Baker, John 293

Brown, J. A 1036
Brooks, F.W 884

Cook, J. W 1072

Cooper, A. B 781

Eakle, Newton... 631

Baker, Jonathan H 30f
Baker, E. D 267

Broadhead, J. T 656

Cordell, Mrs. Sarah 740
Cordell, J. W.... 747

Early, W. L 1018

Bryan,A.L 995

Edie, W. J. . . 1023

Baker, John 87

Bryan, D. W 1103

Cordell, P. B ... 749

Edmonston, James 810

Banks, Vandever 626

Burtis, S. M 1156

Cottrell, C. S 1138

Edmonston. William 270
Egerton, William 619
Ellis, W. D 568

Banks.JobV fi26
Banning, Ephraim 1021

Butcher, J. A 735
Burford, W. L 585
Bryant, W. L 390

Conrtwright, O. P 630
Courtwright, F. M 630
Cowan, William 581

Banfill, Solon . . 400

Ellison, R. E 992

Barnes, J. C 785

Burchett, James 920

Cowgill, Dr. G. J 418

Ellwell. Thomas 927

Barnes, Abner E 399

Burden, Robert, Jr 782

Cowperthwaite, W. H 823 'Ellwell, Eli. 918

Barnes, Reece . 644

Case, M. H.. . . . 1145

Cox, N. C 770 Ellwell, Mrs. Eli 918

Barrett, W P 299

Cox, R. M 783 Rlliofl. William :W7

Barclay, John . 718

Cady, Rev. C. T 458

Cox, William 796

Elting, P. H 686

Barclay, James. . . 719

Cadwalader, J. C 822

Cozard, M. W 937

El ting, C. M 687
Elting, John . . 687

Barclay, Andrew 719
Barclay, Alexander. 719

Cadwalader. G . A 965

< 'all alia n, Michael 686

Crabb, J.M 986
Crabb, D. M 988

Emery, Dr. J H 419

Barclay, Robert 719

Cainp. F. B 811

Crane, Alexander.. . . 1034

Emory, F. T 76(1

Barber, J. D 590

Campbell, James M 277

Creel, Dr. D. M 426

Erwin, Patrick. 583

Barber, Robert A. 591

Campbell, William 872

Creel, Charles 669

Ervin, Capt. William.. . 294
Ervin, Hugh. 271

Bartlow, Thomas 874

Campbell, Daniel 322

Crissey, C. E 110V

Bartlett, Isaac 1015

Campbell, Alex 1017

Cruser. Frederick 1034

Ewing, Jolin 1148

Bateson, George 922

Campbell, D.- W 599

Cummings, J. B . . 318

Farris. N. W 632

Bateson, L. J 922

Campbell, Dr. E. N 422

Cummings, J. B 841

Banmann, Jacob 1031

Campbell, Howard 896

Cumminge, J. II 1091

Farris, W. J 636

Bayles, J. H 653

Campbell, N. S 896

Dailev, I. W 806
Dailey, Thomas 806

Fafrenkopf, John 581

Bayne, Dr. W. F 413

Cannon, Robert k . 592

Farwell, Capt. G. L 328
Farr.K A. D 980

Beardsley, S. R 1108

Canote, Henry 591

Bennett, Aaron 1158
Bice, James 643

Canote, Henry, Jr 593
Carter, William 85

Dallam, C. W 989

Farmer, E. M 1064

Danley, S. P 1084

FargusHon, Elisha 1033
Fentem, G. R ... 1069

Binnie, Andrew 721

Carter, L. G 873

Davis, Simeon B . 290

Binnie John 721
Binnie, James . 721

Carlin, J. A 1037
Carlin, William . ... 915

Davis, R. W 875

Ferster, DrR 990

Davis, J. M . 875

Fisher, John . . 644

Binnie, Robert 721

Carlin, Mrs. Eliza 916

Davis, J. W 782
Dayis, J.M 890

Fisher, Mathias 871
Flack, J. W.. . ..750

Bird, G. W... .. 787

Carnahan, Barnet 703

Bivens, T. E . 771

Carnahan. J. H . . 738

Decker, J. C 656

Flack, J. W 740

Blackburn, Alex 1138

^hamp, William 811

Dennis, Charles . . . 801

Flemming, 1. N 681

Blackstone, Stephen 906
Blaisdell, Dr. W. O ..412

Chase, J. M., Sr 679
Chase. J. M., Jr 679

Delaney, P. H 1067
Detrick, Jacob 1032

Fiemming, J. W 681

Fleming, A. J 967

Blandin, C. A 870

Chandler, Col. Chas 1134

Dice, Ephraim 956

Folts. R. M... ..637

xiv BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX.

Page,
Knits, Reuben <;37

Page.
Hammer, R. M 928

Page.
Howell, Dr. Charles . 416

Page.
Kinkade, William 729

Folts, Christiania 638

Hammer, J. E. D 907
Hummer. J. Y. . 908

Ilovt, Jonathan 593

King. J. W 75S

Foreman 11 M "74

Hudson, Jauies 1035

King, J. R 759

Ford, \. C ... 10421 Hampton, Van L 527

Huff, John 936
Huff, B. L 936
Hull, Dr. Abraham . 423

King, J. M 759
King, S. P 759
Kin", Thomas 1024

Foster,.!. N 796 Hamilton. R. R. 5-24

Foster, S. J 807

Hammond, Dr. R. D.... no
Hammack, William 737
Hanson, Ama/.iah 283
Hand. M. T 767
Hannaford, E. K 948

Foster, K. F 631

Hull, Dr. J. R 423
Hume, Charles K 300
Hunt, Joshua 549
Hunt, Simon W 550

KiiiL'. Rev. James 1025
Kipling, Wm 595

Fowler, Bi'i) j S!h>
Fowler. J. W 886
Franklin, W. H 1148

Kipling, Thomas 596

Kirk, John . ... 554

Franklin, G. A ,11411
Frost, Samuel 325

Ilankins. A. J 874
ll;irl:)n <; T 9*1

Hunt, Samuel A 311
Hunter Robert H17

Kirk, John.! 555

Kirk-iuitrifU- W R Kli<)

Fox, George 402;Harliiii, \\Yslov 781
Fneate, Martin 897|Hardln, Davia . . 669

Hunter, Wm 1141 Kin", Dr. K. F . .. 110H

Hunate, Harrison 863 Kline, Abraham 718

Fugate, J . \v 697 HartBtiK, G. F 6or>
Filtrate, Dr. C. \V 416 Harrison, Dr. II. M 418
Fuhr, J. II 1112 Harris, James 801
Fuhr, George S 402 ifm-ris. .1. 1} 805

Hungate, John II . ... 320 Kline, Peter , . 835

Hushaw, Jonas 798 Kline, diaries 1068
Hiishaw, Henry . . 801 Knapp, David 1086

Huston, Rigdon 850 Knapp, Dr. J. B 424
Huston, Marion 883|Knapi>enberger, John. .. 310
Huston, John 276 Knowles. R. B 722

Fulton J ained 1144

1 [arris, James 915
Harris, R. E 1105
Harris, R. R 873
Harris, C. S 783

Fulton, James 9S5
Fiilkersou, I 1 . W 5.VJ
Fulkerson, James 551

Huston, Dr. W. A . . . 407

Knowles, William 722

Huston, Dr. W M 419

Kvle, F. R 1066

Fnlkerson, Thomas 551

Galvin, Daniel 1107
Gamble, Dr. John R 421
Garrett, Loven 1139
Garrettson, Dr. P. F 415
Garden, W. B 979

Harris, Dr. Ralph .. 413

Ilutchinson, W. A 594
Hutchins, G. W 966

lines, Chas I 396

Kvle, Dr. James B . . 409

Hardestv, W. T 873
Hardesty, Dr. John 418
Hathawav, Caleb 749
Hauser, G. F.-. 936
Havens, Henry 983
Hays Dr Charles 407

Kreider, Dr. W. L 424
Kreider, Dr. H. W 425

Kruse, G. W ... 813

lines, W. L 1100

Lane, John E 325

Ingram, B. D 1087

Irish Dr B F 423

Lane E A 1065

George, P. W 868

Havs, W H 624

Lant/, D W 1032

Hays, J.W.. ...1062
Hii'ves, J. H 638
Head, William T 317
Head, James 666

Isom, John 645

Jackson, Rev. W. H 960
Jackson, J. W 961

Lanphere A P 769

Gesler, James 1082
Gill-rev, John 864
Gilfrey, H. F 865

Lan-'sford, J. H 981

Laughlin, Patrick 689

Lawyer, Thomas 799

Gilchrist. . B 559

Head, Albert 955

Jackson, W. J 961

Lawver, M. V 804

Gilchrist, V. B 560
Goldsmith, Edward 766
Glasgow. Douglas 568
Gloyd, S. V. K 991
Graham, Bedford 63H

Head, J. M 955
Head, Bi"<*er 972

Jackson, N. H . .1001

Lawyer, Jacob 807

Jackson. J M 1156

Lawver, Michael . 732

Head, C. A 1009
Hendee, IS. A 828
Hendricks, H. F 660

Jacobs, Seth 969
James, Rev. S. P .... 449

Lawver, James 733
Lawver, G. J 660

James, Thomas " 588

Lawyer, Michael . . 557

Graves DM 1139

Hendricks. J. W 658
Hendricks, J B 659

James, J. T 869
James W E 933

Lawver, John 558
Law'son, David 322

- Greenup, C. W 753

Greene, \V. II 972

Hendrickson, G. F lOll

James, W- H 933

Leavitt, Sewell 864

Greene, L. II 8-19
Grihble, J. L 1099
Griffith, J.D 673
Griffith, C. F 674
Griffith, J. L 847

Hendrickson, J. E 1012
Herndon, Elijah . 723

James, J. C 933
James, Aaron . . . ... 934

Ledgerwood, John 672
Ledgerwood, Elijah 672
Lef tridge, P. M ... 799

Herndon, Marcellns 923

James, Abel 934

Herbert/, H. J 538
Hiatt, W. S . 748

James, J. E . . 947

Legg, J. M 706

Janes John 730

Leightv. J. M . 909

Griffith, B. A 937

Hicks, E. N 628

Leightv, Samuel ... . 928

Griffins,', J.T 929
Grii'sbv, J. E 882

I lickev, James 622
Hickman, Eliphalet. . .. 685
Hickman. Arehart 874
Higbee, Chauncev E 336
Hills, Charles... .. 650

Jarvis, James 582
Jar vis, Ephraim 583
Jarvis, Edward 656
Job, William 84
Job, William 857
.Toll n son. C. F 678

Leightv, H. S 796
Leightv. J. H 798
Leib. John 838
LeMattv, Dr. J. B 425
LeMaster, J. F 977
Lightner, A. B 613

Grisrsby, Redman 889

Grigsbv, S. J 889
Grigsb'y, S. J., Jr 890
GriSsby, J. H 1070

Hills, John 650

Giunbart, Capt. G. C....1109
Guy, G. C 669

Hills, Ishmael . 703 Johnson' Dr. B. F . . 4J6

Lindsav, Jonah 763

Hire, George 228 I.Tollv. T T 1094

Little, 'L. D 657

Guv, B. K 670
Guy, J. V 688

Ilalleuheck, Francis 938
llagertv, J. V 722

Hire, George 629
Hire, Jesse. . .' 629
Hire, William . 629

Jones, J. B 724

Little, J. M 801

Jones, Abner 722
Jones W F 723

Lipe, Francis D 309
Lipe, William M 311

Hire, Cvrus 629

Jones, Perry C 324
Jones J A " 782

Lisk, Captain O. M 891
Lock, Samuel 944

Hobart K U52

Ha^erfv, J. T 1140

Hobart, Wesley 1153

Kaiser, Louis 829

Lodge, A. K 1100

Hageman, \V. M 1026

Hocan. Svdnor U 310

Logan, Elder John. .. 465

Hageman. J. D 10881 Horahatt. .lameR 1021

Kaiser, G. A 829

Logan, Samuel 625
r.ni'an. John 934

Hames, E. D C 832

Holler, Eli 996

Hainee, Dr. W. E 417

Holland. T, 1137

Keach, Elisha . 800 1 Loo-scion. Stmira 831

Hainline, Wm. II 513aiollidav LA 880

Lott, Peter . 331

Mainline, Jacob 627|Holton," Isaac... .. 562
Hainline, George W 689 Holton. William 699
Hainline. J. I).: 674JHolton.,C. K 699

Keefer, J. M 1065
Keefer, Geo 1142

Lyon, John 557
Lyon, R. W 557

Keister, Daniel 1035
Keith, D. B 1157
Kenner, W. L 1060
Keithley, J acob 627

McCandless, A 1149 -
McCandless, William ... 961
McCartney, G. A 955

Hainline, John 93"
Hainline, J. W...* 931
Hall, M. ,S 751

Hollev, Isaac... .. 912
Hoover, M. L 831
Hoover, Joseph 831

Hall, Enoch 764

Horrabin, Humphrey 284
Horrell, J. L 699
Horton Thos 751

Keithley, George W. ..... 638
Keithley, James 639
Kelly. J. M 717
Kepple, David 845
Kennle. J. K .. 970

McClelland, W. S 816
McClure, Hugh 816
McClure, Thomas 578

Hamilton, G. W 778

Hamilton, J. A . 768

Hamilton, J. M 778
Hamilton, A. J 688

Horrocks, Abram 1003
Hoskinson, J. L 1068

McClure, Rutherford.... 579
McClintock, William .... 1153
McClintock, Karr 1154
Mi-Cord, J. A. F 636

Hamilton, Harrison 1020
Hamilton, J. F 1021

Hoton, William 652 1 Kerr. .Tohn . . . 706

Hoii-'hton. Silas. . . 763

Kinkade,J. P 729

BIOGKAPHICAL INDEX.

Page. Page.

McCord, W. W 636 Munson, Charles .35

McCord, William 883 Murray, J. B 632

McCormick, Theodore B. 309lMurray, J. K 634

McDonald, C. P 919 1 Murray, Ell 635

McDonoiigh, Kd 1112 Murray, Kev. J. T 444

KcDonongh, H ugh, Sr . . 550, Murray, M. A 610

McDonough, Hugh, Jr.. 530 1 Murphy, Benjamin 949

McElvain, H. H 994'Mustaih, Mrs. Hannah.. 892

McFadden, Elias 810 Mustain, G. D 867

McFadden, 8. M 797 Mustain, N. D 865

McFall, Sylvester 888 Mustain, G. W 866

McGahan,"A. H 849 Mustain, C. P 866

McGaughey, J. G 784

McGee, W. T 770

Mclntosh, J. W 1110 Mustain, J. P

McKamv, Rev. W. C 730 Myers, Adam . . .

McKee/A. R 989

McKinney, R. W 401

McLean, Hector 1132

McLean, Alexander 1133

McLean, John 1136

McLeod, W. C....; 288 Naylor, B. T

McMillan, William 724 "

Pointer, William
Pollock, Kobert
Pontious, Byron
Porter, J.E
Posey, W. A
Post, Nathaniel

Page. Page.

.. 750 Simpson, B. E 1151

. .101 7 1 Shaffer, T. B , 1069

Mustain, T. A 861

Mustain, W. D 862

868

659

Myers, D. M 983

Myers, Robert 594

Nance, Dr. H. H.
Naylor, Resin.. ..

968
307
668
Naylor,' W. B 669

McMillan, John 1073 Naramore, J. M 897

McNeely. Thompson .... 268 i Nebergall, David 918

McNutt, Elder Wm 465 Nebergall, J. H . . . 978

Makinson, G. W 981'Neece, Jesse T

Manly, James 286 Neece, W. H

Mapes, Charles 1059 Neff, John

Mariner, Henry 1023 Nickel, J. B

Martin, Dr. I. M 412 Nessel, Conrad

Marvin, W. H 762 Newland, Fred

Martin, Evan 624 Newland, Abraham, Jr

Martin, B. P 10~~

Martin, W. E 1078

Marvin, Alfred 657

Mason, H. N 885

Mason, Burrow 703

Mathews, Anson 791

Mathews,' Benj 696 Ott, Hieronymus 595

Mathews. John 699 Owen, Ambers G 567

Maury, W. B 1075 Owen, Ambrose E 567

Magee, Rev. A 780

Maloney, J. H 1073 O'Meara, Patrick.

Maxwell. Henry A 378

jam*. vi cii. AAcui v A vi v

Mead, Alfred 768

Meador, G. C 739

Merrell, Lycurgus 912

Merriam, S. A 993

Mershon, Henry 800

Meyers.F.F 588

Miller, J. W 739

Miller, Marvin 702

Miller, P. J 1095

Miller, Mason 802

Miller, Rev. Jacob 454

Miller, W. M 867

Mills, J. A , 706

Millett, Charles 777

609

Mills, S. D

Mills, Ladson 811

Mills, R. J 817

Miner, J . F 718 Pennington, Riggs . .

Pennington, William .

Miner, J. F 916

Minshall, Wm. A........ 335

Mitchell, N.B 947

Monk, Malachi 697

Monk, John 697

Monninger, J.M 946

Monger, A

Moran, W. B....

Morey, C. A

Morrison, Levi..

Morris, S. F

Mtfss, W. W....

Mosser, J. F

Mourning, W. H

Mullen, Solomon 705

M unson, E. P 572

Munson, George 736

Munson, Daniel ' 735

399
269
313
304
834
327
571

Oakman, Joseph 597

Obermeyer, Jacob 954

Odenweller, Isaiah 734

Opp, Isaac 914

Osborn, William...

Owens, Nathaniel 997

Pace, A. J 715

Pace, G. W 1076

Pace, W. 1 1075

Painter, T. G 685

Painter, F. M . . .*. 685

Park, James 1014

Parnell, John, Sr 602

Parnell, James 602

Shannon, Delas. 973

Shannon, R 728

Shannon, H. M 395

584; Shannon, Charles 89

Powers, Abraham 1010, Shannon. Dr, G. G 426

Price, T. J 1108 Sheets. H. W 978

Price, S. J..: 804 Shevalier, Chas 1146

. 804 Sherman. L. Y 398

. 393 Shoop, W. W 1036

. i;:i!i shoopman. T. F tills

704 Shope. S. P 6

335 Shriner. L. II 995

Shrier. David 885

. :i!3 ShnfT, Dr. J. L 407

. 655 Skiers. John W 312

. 331jSikes, Dr. H. B 1013

. 40i Simmons, Louis A 803

. 277 Simmons, Joshua 667

.1187 Simmons, T. M 667

. 272,Slmpson, S. C 707

. 275 Skinner O. C 335

. 441 Skean, James 782

. 577 Skiles, Mrs. Elizabeth 733

. 702 Slade, C W 1004

. 655 Slater, John 968

. 932 Snalck, J. C 974

. 282 Smick, Lewis 967

. 537 Smith, J. S 1145

. 596 Smith, W. H 738

. 814 Smith, Samuel 1149

. 814 Smith, A. J. Sr 603

Price. G. L

Prentiss, William .
Pulliam, Samuel...
Purdum, James.. ..
Purple, Norman H.

Ragon, William M.. ..

i Ralston, W. D

! Ralston, James H

i Randall, R. S.

Randolph, James M.. .
{Randolph, Benjamin..
Randolph, Win. H.. ..
Randolph, Mrs. W. H .

Rankin, Rev. J. G,

Rapelje, H. L _,

Raymond, G. F

Reans, John W

Reed, Arlington

Reid, Lewis G

Reid, Lucien S

Reid, Captain G. W.. .

Reid, W. M

Reid, John

Rexroat, G. R

Rexroat, L. T..

Rexroat, J. M

Reynolds, B. D

Richardson, W. A

Riggs, J. E

Riggs, Samuel

Riggs, Russell

Roach, John

Roberts, B. H

Roberts, A. B

Robertson, Hugh

Robinson, J. C

Robinson. D. L. A

Robbins Family

Rodgers, Randolph . .

Rogers, H. F

Rogers, J. S

Rogers, A. B

Rorer, Edmund...

720
720
720

Smith, J. H.
Smith, I. G.

651
651
Smith; P. K 735

587 Smi there, W.T 1083

337 Smithers, Thomas 1083

700
700
700

836

Parkin, W. H 950 (Ross, L. W....

Parker, Prof. C. W 614 i Ross, C. N . . . .

Patterson, J. R 1110 iRuddell, G. H....

Ruddell, William.

Runkle, David, . . .

Ruukle, W. J

Rush, W. C

Russell, Dr. D. L.

Pearce, J. B 1030

Pearson, Dr. C. H 786

Pearson, Isaac N 291

Peck,Oi-rin 814

Pech, Joseph 1098

Pelley, J. M.... 100$

Pennington, Richard . .

Pennington, T. J

Pennington, D. A

Pennington, W. R

Pennington, Joel

1085 Pennington, William

797 Pennington, T. J

992 Peuniugtou, Stewart..
.1081 Phelps.L. P....

652Phelps, J. H

Phillips, J. C...

748 Phillips. W. A

591 Phillips, Heslip

84
86
88
736
736
795
795
901
905
905
635
1061
887
887

[Rutledge, It. G...
[Ryan, Rev. John.

Mourning, L. B 558 Piper, O. F 1111

Pittiuger, A. H 1029

Pittman, Dr. W. R 427

Plassman, August. . . ] 814
Pointer, R. C 1004

jSattell, R. \V

{Sanders, Dr. S. K

! Sanders, Jos. T

Sandidge, Joshua

! Sandidge, Daniel

i Sandidge, John

Sandidge, W. W

Sehisler, George

! Schroder, T. F

Scott, Joshua x.

Scott, Richard

Scott. J. J

Seaburn, George

Seaburn, Thomas

Seibert, G. P

Serven, J. J

Serven, J. H

Seybold, James

Smithers, Thomas Jr...l083

Smith, W. F 1071

Snapp, J. H 1029

Snapp. Alex 1* 29

. MOjSnodgrass, Aaron 1027

. 587'snowden, John 802

. 771 isolomon, G. W 984

. 704|sommers, S. L 1147

. 939 'Sorter, Thomas 1 314

. 939 [southward, William... 321

WO'sparks, Allen L 295

. 9*W!spangler, W. W 1155

N33 Sparks, T. J 401

834 s perry, Levinus 962

880 Sperry, Oman 974

&08 Splker, Martin 867

.1068 Standard, J. B 798

584 standard, S. R 863

. <i26 Standard. Gideon, 732

. 994 stapp, J. W 671

994|Statler, Samuel 690

785 Statler, James 916

^isteach, K. R 771

M'J'Steach.H. S 784

W" Stearns, S. S 760

Stevens, H. II 529

813 .Stevens,.!. F 602

. 422;gtevens, C. A 606

400 stevens, W. 609

80S stevens, E. D 601

702' S tevens, J. W 601

792 Stevens, J. H 601

.1155 stevens, William 964

802 steckel, W. F 812

803 1 steckel, Mrs. W. F 812

704istewart. W. W 1022

64fl Stites, T>. B HM5

.1018 stlokle,A. B c,8:!

. 722!stickle, Abraham (584

911 Stickle, George 084

818! Stickle, William 684

. 761 stocker, L 1068

. 761 Stoffer, J 1145

. 623 Stoneking, Rev. Uriah 705

XVI

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

Stookey, J. A 602 Tyrrell, lloswell 546

Stookey, Dr. D. V 423

Stewart, John T 266

Sullivan, Joseph, Sr 713

Sullivau.T. D. 747

Sullivan, H. C 747

Sumpter, H. C.
Swango, s. w...
Swayze. W. C..
Sylvester, C. R.

Talnter, Almon

881
918

.1081
852

Tainter, Benj -822

Page.
Ward, William 1113

Page.
Williamson, Mat hew. 823

Upp, George 992

Updegraff, J. C 973

UpdegrafT, J. P 1055

Vance, John 85

Vance, John 858

Varner. J. J 837

Vail, Ebenezer 754

Vail, H. W 754

Vail.Q. W 755

Vaif. J. B 7r>4

Tainter. Mrs Benj.... 822 Vail. Christopher 753

Tallis, William.. .'..... 5S(i VanHoseii, Isaac 11180

Tannehill, J. K.
Taiinehill. W. II..

VanHosen, W. J 1080

76) Venard, J. B 1114

Warren, C. A 938 Wilson, Hugh 85

Washburn. L. 1 767J Wilson, Samuel 324

Waters, Louis H 391 : Wilson, J. O. C 376

Watson, Archibald.... 716 Wilson, John 728

Watson, Jno. W 717 Wilson, J. H 775

Watson, Thomas 717' Wilson, Lewis 1013

Watson, Alexander.. . 715, Wilson, J. H 982

Watson, John 715' Wilson, James 640

Watson, Thomas 716 Wilson, W. L 643

! Watson, Hugh 716 Wilson. John W 680

Wayland, W. F 815 Windsor, Benjamin. .. 591

Weaver. I. M 774 i Winslow, M. t 1076

Wear, II. E 6.V2 Wisherd, J. H 823

Wear, J. D... . 66SJ Wisherd, Jacob 823

698 Wlssler, J. 1) 927

Tate. H. D 1151 1 Venard. R. 11 1115

Tate, A. K llftSl Venard, John 696

Taylor, George A 322 Venard, Wm 696

Taylor, W. H 326 Venard, George 690

Tatman, Hiram 11-42 Vincent, Michael 1006

Teats. Aloha 737 Vose, L. B 397

Terr ? 11, John <>21

Thomas, Jesse B 332 Waddlll, Col C. \V 553

Thomas, W. 1106 Wad Mil. Michael L... 554

Thomas, G. W 921 Waddill, John 552

Thompson, Dr. S 421 Waddill, C.W 552

Thompson, Mrs. Loren 703 Waddill, Benjamin.. .. 553

Tnompson, Rev P.W.. 714] Walker, J. D 1150

Thornton, Anthony.... 312 Walker, Pinkney H... 335

Tinsley, N. P 1135 Walker, Cyrus 387

Tig. r, A.J 1024 talker, Allen H 713

Tobin, A. D 1085 Wai Her, T G 713

Toland, William 705 Walker, Cyrus 724

Towner, Rev. J. L 752' Walker, A. A., Sr.- 682

Trew, J. D 611 Walker, A A 683

Trull, G. C 613 1 Walker, H. B 815

Trumpy, Henry 773 Walker, Gilrner 1016

TuKgle. John 741|Walker, Qulntus 1016

Tunnicliff, D. G 392 ' Walker. A. H 1019

Twaddle, W. H 395 ! Walker, J. M 1157

Twaddle. George W 7001 Wallln, J. M 941

Twidwell, John <T> ' Wallingford, J. R 936

Twyman.Iverson L 308 \ Ward, Q,. C 295

698 Wold. Ole E.

! Webb, Bowen.

Webb, J. C

Webb. S. A 954. Woolley, Fitzgerald.

I Weir, Dr. Wm. H 292 Woods, Salem ..

' Wells, G. M 1063: Woods, Edward

iWells, E. L 1063|Woods, D. D

i Wells, G. P 1063 k Woodside, W. L.

Wells, W. F 1074

Wells, J. T 756

West, Stockton 835

Westfall, Dr. A.. M.
Westfall, Dr. E. K..
Westfall, Dr. B. R .
Wetsel, Christopher
Wettengel, C. W.

287

606
627
902
904
904
870

Woodside," T. K 870

Woodworth, Rev. H.G. 779
Work, J. M 971

Wright, I. N.

620

Wright, T. R 940

408|Wrigley,T. H.. 704

917 Wyne, J. W 1059

688;Wyne, H. C 1059

Wetsel.~G.'W 993 j Wyne, Joseph E 320

Wheat. Crosby F 396 !

iWhitaker, Charles H. 519: Yard, Job

IWhite, S. A... .. 588'Yard, Job Jr

White, F. S 620! Yard, Thomas C

White, Dr. Abner 89dYates, Christopher..

Whittington, Beverly. 652 i Yeast, J. L

Wilcox, J. M 964;Yoder, J. P

Wliey, John 989 Yocum, Stephen 905

Wilkins, W. O 910!Young, W. W 1031

Willey, Charles 706 1 Young, Richard M 330

Williams, John H 3371

B66
666
666
650
932
855

Williams, Richard.. ..1096

Williams, Lafayette. .
Williams, L. M...

Zirkel, Adam.

995

PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.
Blackstone, Stephen... 201
Bushnell High School.. 854

Clark Alvah . 607

Cruser, Frederick..
Miner, J F

Page.
743

539

Porter, J E

Page.

Stickle, Abraham..
Tunnicliff D G

Page.
Sol

.. 9ft

Prentiss, William..
Randolph, W. H....

171
471

Miner Mrs J F

540

Neece, W. H

279

Western Normal Coll.. 384
Whitaker, C. H , 135

Cole James 315

675

Newlaud, FreJ

243

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

CHAPTER I.

ILLINOIS, the fourth state in the
Union in wealth, population and po-
litical power, lies in the very heart of
the upper valley of the Mississippi.
Stretching over five degrees of latitude,
from parallel 37^ to 42^, it has consider-
able diversity, both of soil and climate.
The boundary line of the state is about
twelve hundred miles in length. From
the point where it joins the Wisconsin
line on the northeast, Lake Michigan
bounds it on the east for fifty miles to
the northwest corner of Indiana;
thence a line is drawn due south one
hundred and sixty-eight miles to the
Wabash river. The Wabash and Ohio
rivers constitute the remainder of the
eastern and southern boundaries, while
the lordly Mississippi washes its entire
western border. The extreme length of
the state is three hundred and seventy-
eight miles ; the extreme breadth, in the
latitude of Danville and Rushville, is two
Imndred and ten miles, and the average
breadth is about one hundred and fifty
miles.

Illinois contains 55,405 square miles,
or more than 35,000,000 acres of land.

Fully two-thirds of this is prairie, and
nearly all of it is susceptible to proper
cultivation. The state has 10,000 more
square miles than New York or Ohio,
and is larger than Pennsylvania and
New Jersey combined, and is almost as
large as all the New England states
taken together.

THE MOUND BUILDERS.

That Illinois was inhabited by a race
of men prior to the present Indian race
that yet inhabits a portion of the Union,
hardly admits of a doubt. It is clearly
demonstrated by the well authenticated
accounts of discoveries made that a civ-
ilized people, and one highly cultivated,
once occupied the great "Prairie" state,
and various parts of the country now
constituting the American union, but
the date of their rule in the western
world is so remote that all traces of this
history, progress and decay, lie buried in
the deepest obscurity. This pre-historic
race is known as the -Mound Builders,
from the numerous large mounds of
earthworks left by them. Their char-
acter can be but partially gleaned from
the internal evidences and peculiarities

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

of all that remains of them the
mounds. Remains of what were appar-
ently villages, altars, temples, idols,
cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifi-
cations, and pleasure grounds have been
found, but nothing showing of what
material were their habitations.

The question as to the origin of the
Mound Builders is an interesting one.
If they were not the ancestors of the
Indians, who were they ? Those who do
not believe in the common parentage of
mankind contend that they were an in-
digenous race of the western hemis-
phere; others think they came from the
east, and imagine the religion of the
Hindoos and southern Tartars, and the
supposed theology of the Mound Build-
ers to be coincident and identical. They
were, no doubt, idolaters, and it has
been conjectured that the sun was the
object of their adoration. The mounds
were generally built in 1 a situation af-
fording a view of the rising sun ; when
enclosed in walls, their gateways were
toward the east; the caves in which
their dead were occasionally buried al-
ways opened in the same direction;
whenever a mound was partially enclos-
ed by a semi-circular pavement, it was
on the east side; when bodies were bur-
ied in graves, as was frequently the case,
they were laid in a direction east and
west; and, finally, medals have been
found representing the sun and his rays
of light.

At what period they came to this coun-
try, or how, is likewise a matter of
speculation. From the comparatively
rude state of the arts among them, it has
been inferred that the time was very re-
mote. Their axes were of stone. Their

raiment, judging from fragments which
have been discovered, consisted of the
bark of trees, interwoven with feathers;
and their military works were such as a
people would erect who had just passed
to the pastoral state of society from that
dependent alone upon hunting and fish-
ing.

The mounds and other ancient earth-
works constructed by this people are far
more abundant than generally supposed,
from the fact that while some are quite
large, the greater part of them are small
and inconspicuous. Along nearly all
our water-courses that are large enough
to be navigated with a canoe, the mounds
are almost invariably found, covering the
base points and headlands of the bluffs
which border the narrower valleys; so
that, when one finds himself in such posi-
tions as to command the grandest views
for river scenery, he may almost always
discover that he is standing upon, or in
close proximity to, some one or more of
these traces of the labors of an ancient
people.

One of the most singular earthworks
in the state was found on the top of a
ridge near the east bank of the Sinsin-
awa creek, in the lead region. It re-
sembled some huge animal, the head,
ears, nose, legs, and tail, and general out-
line of which being as perfect as if made
by men versed in modern art. The ridge
on which it was situated stands on the
prairie, 300 yards wide, 100 feet in height
and rounded on the top by a deep de-
posit of clay. Centrally, along the line
of its summit, and thrown up in the form
of an embankment three feet high, ex-
tended the outline of a quadruped meas-
uring 250 feet from the tip of the nose

HISTOBY OF ILLINOIS.

to the end of the tail, and having a width
of 18 feet at the centre of the body.
The head was 35 feet in length, the ears
10 feet, legs 60, and tail 75. The curv-
ature on both the fore and hind legs was
natural to an animal lying on its side.
The general outline of the figure most
nearly resembled the extinct animal
known to geologists as the Megatherium.
The question naturally arises, by whom
and for what purpose was this earth fig-
ure raised ? Some have conjectured that
numbers of this now extinct animal lived
and roamed over the prairies of Illinois
when the Mound-Builders first made
their appearance on the upper part of
the Mississippi Valley, and that the won-
der and admiration, excited by the colos-
sal dimensions of these huge creatures,
found some expression in the erection of
this figure. The bones of some similar
gigantic animals were exhumed on this
stream about three miles from the same
place.

Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the
antiquities of the western country in 1817,
speaking of the mounds in the American
Bottom, says: "The great number and
extremely large size of some of them
may be regarded as furnishing, with
other circumstances, evidences of their
antiquity. I have sometimes been in-
duced to think that at the period when
they were constructed there was a pop-
ulation here as numerous as that which
once animated the borders of the Nile or
Euphrates, or of Mexico. The most nu-
merous, as well as considerable, of these
remains are found in precisely those
parts of the country where the traces* of
a numerous population might be looked
for, namely, from the mouth of the Ohio,

on the east side of the Mississippi, to the
Illinois' river, and on the west from the
St. Francis to the Missouri. I am per-
fectly satisfied that cities similar to those
of ancient Mexico, of several hundred
thousand souls, have existed in this
country."

OTHER RACES.

Following the Mound-Builders as in-
habitants of North America, were, as it
is supposed, the people who reared the
magnificent cities the ruins of which are
found in Central America. This people
was far more civilized and advanced in
the arts than were the Mound-Builders.
The cities built by them, judging from
the ruins of broken columns, fallen
arches and crumbling walls of temples,
palaces and pyramids, which in some
places for miles bestrew the ground,
must have been of great extent, magnifi-
cent and very populous. When we con-
sider the vast period of time necessary
to erect such colossal structures, and,
again, the time required to reduce them
to their present ruined state, we can con-
ceive something of their antiquity.
These cities must have been old when
many of the ancient cities of the Orient
were being built.

The third race inhabiting North Amer-
ica distinct from the former two in every
particular, is, the present Indians. They
were, when visited by the early discov-
ers, without cultivation, refinement or
literature, and far behind the Mound
Builders in the knowledge of the arts.
The question of their origin has long
interested archaeologists, and is the most
difficult they have been called upon to
answer. Of their predecessor, the In-

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

dian tribes knew nothing; they even had
no traditions respecting them. It is
quite certain that they were the success-
ors of a race- that had entirely passed
away ages before the discovery of the
new world. One hypothesis is that the
American Indians are an original race
indigenous to the western hemisphere.
Those who entertain this view think
their peculiarities of physical structure
preclude the possibility of a common
parentage with the rest of mankind.
Prominent among those distinctive traits
is the hair, which in the red man is
round, in the white man oval, and in the
black man flat. A more common suppo-
sition, however, is that they are a deriv-
ative race, and sprang from one or more
of the ancient peoples of Asia. This last
is doubtless the true theory.

INDIANS.

When Christopher Columbus had
finally succeeded in demonstrating the
truth of his theory, that by sailing west
from Europe land would be discovered,
landing on the island of San Salvador
he supposed that he had reached the
East Indies. This was an error, but it
led to the adoption of the name of "In-
dians" for the inhabitants of the newly
discovered county, by which name the
red men of America have ever since been
known. At the time of the discovery of
America, the Algonquins, one of the
most powerful tribes of Indians, occu-
pied the seaboard, while the Iroquois,
another great tribe, inhabited the country
almost surrounded by them. The Algon-
quins spread over vast territory, and
various tribes of Algonquin lineage
sprang up over the country, in time

adopting distinct tribal customs and
laws. An almost continuous warfare
was carried on between tribes, but when
the white men came, a confederacy of
Indian tribes was formed, and every foot
of territory was fiercely disputed. The
Algonquins formed the most extensive
alliance to resist the encroachments of
the whites, especially the English. Such
was the nature of King Philip's war.
This king, with his Algonquin braves,
spread terror and desolation throughout
New England. With the Algonquins as
the controlling spirit, a confederacy of
continental proportions was the result,
embracing in its alliance the tribes of
every name and lineage from the north-
ern lakes to the gulf. Pontiac having
breathed into them his implacable hate
of the English intruders, ordered the
conflict to commence, and all the British
colonies trembled before the desolating
fury of Indian vengeance.

ILLINOIS CONFEDERACY.

The Illinois confederacy, the various
tribes of which comprised most of the
Indians of Illinois at one time, was com-
posed of five tribes; the Tamaroas, Mich-
igans, Kaskaskias, Cahokias and Peorias.
The Illinois, Miamis and Delawares,
were of the same stock. As early as
1670, the priest, Father Marquette, men-
tions frequent visits made by individuals
of this confederacy to the missionary
station at St. Esprit, near the western
extremity of Lake Superior. At that
time they lived west of the Mississippi,
in eight villages, whither they had been
driven from the shores of Lake Michigan
by the Iroquois. Shortly afterward,
they began to return to their old hunt-

HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS.

ing grounds, and most of them finally
settled in Illinois. Joliet and Marquette,
in 1673, met with a band of them on their
famous voyage of discovery down the
Mississippi. They were treated with
the greatest hospitality by the principal
chief. On their return voyage up the
Illinois river, they stopped at the prin-
cipal town of the confederacy, situated
on the banks of the river, seven miles
below the present town of Ottawa. It
was then called Kaskaskia. Marquette
returned to the village in 1675, and
established the mission of the Immacu-
late Conception, the oldest in Illinois.
When, in 1679, LaSalle visited the town,
it had greatly increased, numbering 460
lodges, and at the annual assembly of
the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000
souls. In common with other western
tribes, they became involved in the con-
spiracy of Pontiac, although displaying
no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac
lost his life by the hands of one of the
braves of the Illinois tribe, which so
enraged the nations that had followed
him as their leader, that they fell upon
the Illinois to avenge his death, and
almost annihilated them. Tradition
states that a band of this tribe, in order
to escape the general slaughter, took
refuge upon the high rock on the Illi-
nois river known as "Starved Hock."
Nature has made this one of the most
formidable military fortresses in the
world. From the waters which wash its
base, it rises to an altitude of 125 feet.
Three of its sides it is impossible to
scale, while the other may be climbed
with difficulty. From its summit, almost
as inaccessible as an eagle's nest, the
valley of the Illinois is seen as a land-

scape of exquisite beauty. The river
near by struggles between a number of
wooded islands, while further below it
quietly meanders through vast meadows
until it disappears like a thread of light in
the dim distance. On the summit of this
rock, the Illinois were besieged by a su-
perior force of the Pottawattamies, whom
the great strength of their natural for-
tress enabled them to keep at bay. Hun-
ger and thirst, however, soon accomplish-
ed what the army was unable to effect.
Surrounded by a relentless foe, without
food or water, they took a last look at
their beautiful hunting grounds, and
with true Indian fortitude, laid down
and died from starvation. Years after-
ward, their bones were seen whitening
in that place.

At the beginning of the present cen-
tury, the remnants of this once powerful
confederacy were forced into a smaller
compass around Kaskaskia. A few years
later they emigrated to the southwest,
and in 1850 they were in the Indian -Ter-
ritory, and numbered but 84 persons.

EAKLY DISCOVERIES.

Nicholas Perrot, a Frenchman, was
the first white man to visit the present
great state of Illinois. In the year
1671, he was sent to Chicago by M.
Talon, intendant of Canada, for the pur-
pose of inviting the Indians to a peace
convention, to be held at Green Bay.
The object of this convention was the
formation of a plan for the exploration
of the Mississippi river. De Soto, the
Spanish explorer, had discovered the
river nearly one hundred and fifty years
previously, but did not effect a settle-
ment or explore the country any farther.

HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS.

It remained as it was until the French
determined to visit it, for which purpose
it was deemed a wise policy, as far as
possible, to secure the friendship and
co-operation of the Indians, before ven-
turing upon an enterprise which their
hostility might render disastrous. A
plan was accordingly arranged,and Louis
Joliet joined Father Jacques Marquette
at the Jesuit Mission, on the strait of
Mackinaw, and with five other French-
men, and a simple outfit, the daring
explorers, on the 17th of May, 1673, set
out on their perilous voyage to discover
the Mississippi. Coasting along the
northern shore of Lake Michigan, they
entered Green Bay, and passed thence
up Fox river and Lake Winnebago, to a
village of the Muscatines and Miamis,
where great interest was taken in the
expedition by the natives. With guides
they proceeded down the river. Arriv-
ing at the portage, they soon carried
their eight canoes and scanty baggage
to the Wisconsin, about three miles
distant. Their guides now refused to
accompany them further, and endeavored
by reciting the dangers incident to the
voyage, to induce them to return. They
stated that huge demons dwelt in the
great river, whose voices could be heard
a long distance, and who engulfed in the
raging waters all who came within their
reach. They also stated that if any of
them should escape the dangers of the
river, fierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon
its banks, ready to complete the work of
destruction. They proceeded upon their
journey, however, and on the 17th of
June, pushed their frail barks upon the
bosom of the stately . Mississippi, down
which they smoothly glided for nearly a

hundred miles. Here Joliet and Mar-
quette, leaving their canoes in charge of
their men, went upon the western shore,
where they discovered an Indian village,
and were kindly treated. They journeyed
on down the unknown river, passing the
mouth of the Illinois, then running into
the current of the muddy Missouri, and
afterwards the waters of the Ohio joined
with them on their journey southward.
Near the mouth of the Arkansas they
discovered Indians who showed signs of
hostility; but when Marquette's mission
of peace was made known to them, they
were kindly received. After proceeding
up the Arkansas a short distance, at the
advice of the natives, they turned their
faces northward to retrace their steps.
After several weeks of hard toil, they
reached the Illinois, up which they pro-
ceeded to Lake Michigan. Following
the western shore of the lake, they en-
tered Green Bay the latter part of Sep-
tember, having traveled a distance of
2,500 miles.

FIRST SETTLEMENTS/

On his way up the Illinois, Marquette
visited the Kaskaskias, near what is now
Utica, in LaSalle county. The follow-
ing year he returned, and established
among them the mission of the Immacu-
late Conception. This was the last act
of his life. He died in Michigan, May
18, 1675. The town was named Kas-
kaskia by Marquette.

The first military occupation of the
country was at Fort Crevecoeur, erected
in 1680; but there is no evidence that
a settlement was commenced there,
or at Peoria, on the lake above, at that
early date. The first settlement of

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

which there is any authentic account
was commenced with the building of
Fort St. Louis, on the Illinois river,
in 1682; but this was soon abandoned.
The oldest permanent settlement, not
only in Illinois, but in the valley of
the Mississippi, was at Kaskaskia,
six miles above its confluence with
the Mississippi and Prairie du Eocher,
near Fort Chartres. Fort Chartres was
built under the direction of the Missis-
sippi company in 1718, and was for a
time the headquarters of the military
commandants of the district of Illinois,
and the most impregnable fortress in
North America. It was also the center
of wealth and fashion in the west. For
about eighty years, the French retained
peaceable possession of Illinois. Their
amiable disposition and tact of ingrati-
ating themselves with the Indians, en-
abled them to escape almost entirely the
broils which weakened and destroyed
other colonies. Whether exploring re-
mote rivers or traversing hunting grounds
in pursuit of game, in the social circle
or as participants in the religious exer-
cises of the church, the red men became
their associates, and were treated with
the kindness and consideration of
brothers. For more than a hundred
years, peace between the white man and
the red was unbroken, and when at last
this reign of harmony terminated, it
was not caused by the conciliatory
Frenchman, but by the blunt and sturdy
Anglo-Saxon. During this century, or
until the country was occupied by the
English, no regular court was ever held.
When, in 1765, the country passed into
the hands of the English, many of the
French, rather than submit to a change

in their institutions, preferred to leave
their homes and seek a new abode.
There are, however, at the present time,
a few remnants of the old French stock
in the state, who still retain to a great
extent, the ancient habits and customs
of their fathers.

ENGLISH RULE.

In 1750 France claimed the whole val-
ley of the Mississippi, and England the
right to extend her possessions westward
as far as she might desire. Through
colonial controversies, the two mother
countries were precipitated into a bloody
war within the Northwestern Territory,
George Washington firing the first gun
of the military struggle which resulted
in the overthrow of the French, not only
in Illinois, but in North America. The
French evinced a determination to re-
tain control of the territory bordering
the Ohio and Mississippi, from Canada
to the Gulf, and so long as the English
colonies were confined to the sea-coast,
there was little reason for controversy.
As the English, however, became ac-
quainted with this beautiful and fertile
portion of our country, they not only
learned the value of the vast territory,
but also resolved to set up a counter-
claim to the soil. The French establish-
ed numerous military and trading posts
from the frontiers of Canada to New
Orleans, and in order to establish also
their claims to jurisdiction over the
country, they carved the lilies of France
on the forest trees,' or sank plates of
metal in the ground. These measures
did not, however, deter the English from
going 011 with their explorations; and
though neither party resorted to arms,

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

yet the conflict was gathering, and it was
only a question of time when the storm
should burst upon the frontier settle-
ment. The French based their claims
upon discoveries, the English on grants
of territory extending from ocean to
ocean, but neither party paid the slight-
est attention to the prior claims of the
Indians. From this position of affairs,
it was evident that the actual collision
between the contending parties would
not much longer be deferred. The Eng-
lish government, in anticipation of a war,
urged the governor of Virginia to lose
no time in building two forts, which were
equipped by arms from England. The
French anticipated the English, and
gathered a considerable force to defend
their possessions. The governor deter-
mined to send a messenger to the nearest
French post, and demand an explanation.
This resolution of the governor brought
into the history of our country for the
first time the man of all others whom
America most loves to honor, namely,
George Washington. He was chosen, al-
though not twenty-one years of age, as
the one to perform this delicate and diffi-
cult mission. With five companions he

set out, on November 10, 1753, and after
a perilous journey, returned January 6,
1754. The struggle commenced, and con-
tinued long, and was bloody and fierce;
but on the 10th of October, 1765, the en-
sign of France was replaced on the ram-
parts of Fort Chartres, by the flag of
Great Britain. This fort was the depot of
supplies, and the place of rendezvous for
the united forces of the French. At this
time the colonies of the Atlantic sea-
board were assembled in preliminary
congress at New York, dreaming of lib-
erty and independence for the continent;
and Washington, who led the expedition
against the French for the English King,
in less than ten years was commanding
the forces opposed to the English tyrant.
Illinois, besides being constructively a
part of Florida for over one hundred
years, during which time no Spaniard
set foot upon her soil or rested his eyes
upon her beautiful plains, for nearly
ninety years had been in the actual occu-
pation of the French, their puny settle-
ments slumbering quietly in colonial de-
pendence on the distant waters of the
Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash.

CHAPTER II.

COUNTY AND TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS.

The Northwest Territory was now en-
tirely under English rule, and on the
breaking "Out of the. Revolutionary war,
the British held every post of impor-

tance in the west. While the colonists
of the East were maintaining a fierce
struggle with the armies of England,
their western frontiers were ravaged by

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

the merciless butcheries of Indian war-
fare. The jealousy of the savage was
aroused to action by the rapid extension
of American settlement westward, and
the improper influence exerted by a
number of military posts, garrisoned by
British troops. To prevent indiscrimi-
nate slaughter, arising from these causes,
Illinois became the theatre of some of
the most daring exploits connected with
American history. The hero of the
achievements by which this beautiful
land was snatched as a gem from the
British crown, was George Rogers
Clark, of Virginia. He had closely
watched the movements of the British
throughout the northwest, and under-
stood their whole plan; he also knew
the Indians were not unanimously in ac-
cord with the English, and therefore was
convinced that if the British could be de-
feated and expelled from the northwest,
the natives could be easily awed into
neutrality. Having convinced himself
that the enterprise against the Illinois
settlement might easily succeed, he re-
paired to the capital of Virginia, arriv-
ing November 5, 1777. While he was
on his way, fortunately, Burgoyne was
defeated (October 17), and the spirits of
the colonists were thereby greatly en-
couraged. Patrick Henry was governor
of Virginia, and at once entered heart-
ily into Clark's plans. After satisfying
the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of
his project, he received two sets of in-
structions one secret, the other open.
The latter authorized him to enlist seven
companies to go to Kentucky, and serve
three months after their arrival in the
west. The secret order authorized him
to arm these troops, to procure his pow-

der and lead of General Hand, at Pitts-
burg, and to proceed at once to subju-
gate the country.

"With these instructions Colonel Clark
repaired to Pittsburg, choosing rather to
raise his men west of the mountains, as
he well knew all were needed in the col-
onies for the conflict there. Enlisting
his men, he at once proceeded to carry
out his instructions. His plan was to
go by water as far as Fort Massac, and
thence march direct to Kaskaskia.
Here he intended to surprise the garri-
son, and after its capture go to Cahokia,
then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit.
Each of these posts were, in turn cap-
tured.

The services of Clark proved of es-
sential advantage to his countrymen.
They disconcerted the plans of Hamil-
ton, the governor of Detroit, who was
intending to make a vigorous and con-
certed attack upon the frontier, and not
only saved the western frontier from
depredations by the savages, but also
greatly cooled the ardor of the Indians,
for carrying on a contest in which they
were not likely to be the gainers. Had
it not been for this small army, a union
of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia
against the colonies might have been af-
fected, and the whole current of our his-
tory changed.

COUNTY OF ILLINOIS.

In October, 1778, after the successful
campaign of Colonel Clark, the assem-
bly of Virginia erected the conquered
country, embracing all the territory
northwest of the Ohio river, into the
county of Illinois, which was doubtless
the largest county in the world, exceed-

HISTOBY OF ILLINOIS.

ing in dimensions the whole of Great
Britian and Ireland. To speak more
definitely, it contained the territory now
embraced in the great states of Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Mich-
igan. On the 12th of December, 1778,
John Todd was appointed lieutenant
commandant of this county by Patrick
Henry, then governor of Virginia, and
accordingly, also, the first of Illinois
county.

NOBTHWESTERN TERRITORY.

Illinois continued to form a part of
Virginia until March 1, 1784, when that
state ceded all the territory north of the
Ohio to the United States. Immedi-
ately the general government proceeded
to establish a form of government for
the settlers in the territories thus ceded.
This form continued until the passage
of the ordinance of 1787, for the gov-
ernment of the Northwestern Territory.
No man can study the secret history of
this ordinance and not feel that Provi-
dence was guiding with sleepless eye,
the destinies of these unborn states.
American legislation has never achieved
anything more admirable, for its inter-
nal government than this comprehen-
sive ordinance. Its provisions concern-
ing the distribution of property, the
principles of civil and religious liberty
which it laid at the foundation of the
communities since established, and the
efficient and simple organization by
which it created the first machinery of
civil society, are worthy of all the
praise that has ever been given them.

ORDINANCE OF 1787.

For some years Tho.mas Jefferson had
vainly tried to secure a system of govern-

ment for the Northwestern Territory.
He was an emancipationist, and favored
the exclusion of slavery from the terri-
tory, and in this he was opposed by al-
most the entire south. In July, 1787,
Manasseh Cutler appeared in New York
to lobby on the question of organization
of the Northwestern Territory. He was
a country gentleman of the old style, a
man of commanding presence and of in-
viting face. He came representing a
Massachusetts company that desired to
purchase a tract of land, now included
in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a
colony. This company, together with
certain speculators in New York, enabled
him to represent a demand for 5,500,000
acres. The amount thus received from
the sale of this land would apply towards
reducing the national debt, which Jeffer-
son was anxious should be paid as soon
as possible.

Massachusetts then owned the terri-
tory of Maine, which she was crowding
on the market. She was opposed to
opening the northwestern region. This
fired the zeal of Virginia. The south
caught the inspiration, and all exalted
Dr. Cutler. The entire south rallied
around him. Massachusetts could not
vote against him, because many of the
constituents of her members were inter-
ested personally in the western specula-
tion. Thus Cutler, making friends in
the south, and doubtless using all the
arts of the lobby, was enabled to com-
mand the situation. True to deeper con-
victions, he dictated one of the most com-
pact and finished documents of wise
statesmanship that has ever adorned any
human law book. He borrowed from
Jefferson the term "Articles of Compact,"

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

which, preceding the federal constitution,
rose into most sacred character. He then
followed very closely the constitution of
Massachusetts, adopted three years be-
fore. Its prominent points were:

1. The exclusion of slavery from the
territory forever.

2. Provision for public schools, giv-
ing one township for a seminary, and
every section numbered 16 in each town-
ship; that is, one-thirty-sixth of all the
land for public schools.

3. A provision prohibiting the adopt-
ion of any constitution or the enactment
of any law that should nullify pre-ex-
isting contracts.

Be it forever remembered that this
compact declared that "religion, moral-
ity and knowledge being necessary to
good government and the happiness of
mankind, schools and the means of edu-
cation shall always be encouraged." Dr.
Cutler planted himself on this platform,
and would not yield. Giving his un-
qualified declaration that it was that or
nothing, that unless they could make
the land desirable they did not want it,
he took his horse and buggy and started
for the constitutional convention at Phil-
adelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was
put upon its passage, and was unani-
mously adopted. Thus the great states
of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and
Wisconsin, a vast empire, were conse-
crated to freedom, intelligence and mor-
ality. Thus the great heart of the na-
tion was prepared to save the union of
states, for it was this act that was the
salvation of the republic and the destruc-
tion of slavery. Soon the south saw their
great blunder, and tried to have the com-
pact repealed. In 1803 congress referred

it to a committee, of which John Ran-
dolph was chairman. He reported that
this ordinance was a compact, and op-
posed repeal. There it stood, a rock in
the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery.
General Arthur St. Clair was, by con-
gress, elected governor of this vast ter-
ritory.

ILLINOIS TERRITORY.

After the division of the Northwest-
ern Territory, Illinois became one of the
counties of the territory of Indiana,
from which it was separated by an act
of congress, February 3, 1809, forming
the territory of Illinois, with a population
estimated at 9,000, and then including the
present state of Wisconsin. It was
divided, at the time, into two counties
St. Clair and Randolph. John Boyle,
of Kentucky, was appointed governor
by the president, James Madison, but
declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same
state, was then appointed, and served
with distinction; and after the organiza-
tion of Illinois as a state, he served in
that capacity, being its third governor.

During Governor Edwards' adminis-
tration, the war of 1812 commenced, and
the few whites in the state had to con-
tend against a savage foe incited on to
deeds of violence by the British officers
sent out for that purpose. The massa-
cre at Fort Dearborn, of helpless pris-
oners, by the infuriated Indians, forms
a black page in Illinois history. Several
expeditions were put on foot by Gover-
nor Edwards against -the Indians, and
in the various campaigns the governor
bore an honorable and heroic part.
Peace came at last, the Indian depreda-
tions ceased, and the territory of Illinois
was again on the road to prosperity.

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

CHAPTER III.

STATE OKGANIZATION.

In January of 1818 the territorial leg-
islature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope,
delegate in congress from Illinois, a
petition praying for admission into the
national union as a state. On April 18
of the same year, congress passed the
enabling act, and December 3, after the
state government had been organized,
and Governor Bond had signed the con-
stitution, congress, by a resolution, de-
clared Illinois to be one of the "United
States of America, and admitted into
the union on an equal footing with the
original states in every -respect."

FIRST CONSTITUTION.

In July and August of 1818, a con-
vention was held at Kaskaskia for the
purpose of drafting a constitution. This
constitution was not submitted to a vote
of the people for their approval or rejec-
tion, it being well known that they would
approve it. It was about the first or-
ganic law of any state in the union to
abolish imprisonment for debt. The
first election under the constitution was
held on the first Thursday and the two
succeeding days in September, 1818.
Shadrach Bond was elected governor,
and Pierre Menard lieutenant-governor.
Their term of office extended four years.
At this time the state was divided into
15 counties, the population being about
40,000. Of this number, by far the

larger portion were from the southern
states. The salary of the governor was
$1,000, while that of the treasurer was
$500. The legislature re-enacted, ver-
batim, the territorial code, the penalties
of which were unnecessarily severe.
Whipping, stocks and pillory were used
for minor offenses, and for arson, rape,
horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging
was the penalty. These laws, however,
were modified in 1821.

The legislature first convened at Kas-
kaskia, the ancient seat of empire for
more than one hundred and fifty years,
both for the French and Americans.
Provisions were made, however, for the
removal of the seat of government by
this legislature. A place in the wilder-
ness on the Kaskaskia river was selected,
and named Yandalia. From Vandalia
it was removed to Spfingfield in the
year 1839.

THE WINNEBAGO WAR.

The Indians, who for some years were
on peaceful terms with the whites, be-
came troublesome in 1827. The Win-
nebagoes, Sacs and Foxes and other
tribes had been at war more than a hun-
dred years. In the summer of 1827 a
war party of the Winnebagoes surprised
a party of Chippewas, and killed eight
of them. Four of the murderers were
arrested, and delivered to the Chippe-

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

was, by whom they were immediately
shot. This was the first irritation of the
Winnebagoes. Red Bird, a chief of
this tribe, in order to avenge the execu-
tion of the four warriors of his own
people, attacked the Chippewas, but was
defeated; and being determined to sat-
isfy his thirst for revenge by some
means, surprised and killed several white
men. Upon receiving intelligence of
these murders, the whites who were
working the lead mines in the vicinity
of Galena formed a body of volunteers,
and, reinforced by a company of United
States troops, marched into the country
of the Winnebagoes. To save their na-
tion from the miseries of war, Red Bird
and six other men of his nation volun-
tarily surrendered themselves. Some
of the number were executed, some of
them imprisoned, and destined, like Red
Bird, ingloriously to pine away within
the narrow limits of a jail, where for-
merly the vast forests had proven too
confining for them.

BLACK HAWK WAR.

In the year 1804, a treaty was con-
cluded between the United States and
the chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations,
who had fought with great bravery in the
service of Great Britain during the war of
1812. Black Hawk had always taken ex-
ceptions to this treaty, pronouncing it
void. In 1831 he established himself , with
a chosen band of warriors, upon the dis-
puted territory, ordering the whites to
leave the country at once. The settlers
complaining, Governor Reynolds dis-
patched General Gaines, with a company
of regulars and 1,500 volunteers, to the
scene of action. Taking the Indians by

surprise, the troops burnt their villages
and forced them to conclude a treaty, by
which they ceded all lands east of the
Mississippi, and agreed to remain on
the western side of the river. Necessity
forced the proud spirit of Black Hawk
into submission, which made him more
than ever determined to be avenged
upon his enemies. Having rallied around
him the war-like braves of the Sac and
Fox nations, he crossed the Mississippi
in the spring of 1832. Upon learning
of this invasion, Governor Reynolds
hastily collected a body of 1,800 volun-
teers, placing them under command of
Brigadier-General Whiteside. The army
marched to tlie Mississippi, and having
reduced to ashes the Indian village
known as "Prophet's Town," proceeded
several miles up the river to Dixon, to
join the regular forces under General
Atkinson. They found at Dixon two
companies of volunteers, who, sighing
for glory, were despatched to reconnoi-
tre the enemy. They advanced, under
command of Major Stillman, to a small
creek, afterwards known as "Stillman's
Run," and while there encamped, saw a
party of mounted Indians at a distance
of a mile. Several of Stillman's party
mounted their horses and charged the
Indians, killing three of them, but being
attacked by the main body under Black
Hawk, they were routed, and by their
precipitated flight, spread such a panic
through the camp that the whole com-
pany ran off to Dixon as fast as possible.
On their arrival, it was found that eleven
of their number were missing, having
been killed by the Indians.

In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a
band of 150 warriors, attacked Apple

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

Biver Fort, near Galena, defended by 25
men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs,
was erected to afford protection to the
miners. For fifteen consecutive hours
the garrison had to sustain the assault
of the savage enemy; but knowing very
well that no quarter would be given
them, they fought with such fury and
desperation that the Indians, after los-
ing many of their best warriors, were
compelled to retreat.

New forces having been sworn into the
service, Generals Atkinson and Henry
determined to pursue the retreating foe.
They followed them into Wisconsin, and
hearing that Black Hawk was encamped
on Eock river, at the Manitou village,
issued orders to continue the pursuit.
The officers of General Henry handed
to him a written protest; but he, a man
equal to any emergency, ordered the
officers to be arrested, and escorted to
General Atkinson. Within a few minutes
after the order was given, the officers all
collected around the general's quarters,
and pledged their word that if forgiven,
they would return to duty, and never do
the like again.

The battle of Bad Axe immediately
followed, resulting in a loss to the In-
dians of three hundred, besides fifty
prisoners. The whites had but seventeen
killed and twelve wounded. Black
Hawk, with twenty of his braves, escaped,
retreating up the Wisconsin river. The
Winnebagoes desiring to secure the
friendship of the whites, went in pur-
suit, and captured and delivered them to
General Street, the United States Indian
agent. Among the prisoners were the
son of Black Hawk and the prophet of
the tribe. These, with Black Hawk,

were taken to Washington, D. C., and
were soon confined as prisoners at For-
tress Monroe. Thus ended the Black
Hawk war.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.

At the general election in 1834, Joseph
Duncan was chosen governor by a hand-
some majority. A reckless and uncon-
trollable desire for internal public im-
provements seized the minds of the
people. In his message to the legisla-
ture, in 1835, Governor Duncan said:
''When Ave look abroad and see the
extensive lines of inter-communication
penetrating almost every section of our
sister states; when we see the canal
boat and the locomotive bearing with
seeming triumph the rich productions
of the interior to the rivers, lakes and
oceans, almost annihilating time, bur-
then and space, what patriotic bosom
does not beat high with a laudable am-
bition to give Illinois her full share of
those advantages which are adorning her
sister states, and which a magnificent
Providence seems to invite by a wonder-
ful adaptation of our whole country to
such improvements."

STUPENDOUS SYSTEM OF IMPROVEMENTS
INAUGURATED.

The legislature responded to the
ardent words of the governor, and enacted
a system of internal improvements with-
out a parallel in the grandeur of its con-
ception. They ordered the construction
of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the
state in all directions. This was sur-
passed by the river and canal improve-
ments. There were a few counties not
touched by the railroad, river or canal,

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

and they were to be compensated by the
free distribution of $200,000 among
them. To inflate this balloon beyond
credence, it was ordered that work should
commence on both ends of each of these
railroads and rivers, and at each river
crossing all at the same time. This
provision, which has been called the
crowning folly of the entire system, was
the result of those jealous combinations
emanating from the fear that advantages
might accrue to one section over another
in the commencement and completion of
the works. We can appreciate better,
perhaps, the magnitude of this grand
system by reviewing a few figures. The
debt authorized for these improvements
in the first instance was $10,230,000.
But this, as it was soon found, was based
on estimates at least too low by half.
This, as we readily see, committed the
state to a liability of over $20,000,000,
equivalent to $200,000,000 at the present
time, with over ten times the population,
and more than ten times the wealth.

Such stupendous undertakings by the
state naturally engendered the fever of
speculation among individuals. That
particular form known as the town lot
fever, assumed the malignant type at
first in Chicago, from whence it spread
over the entire state and adjoining states.
It was an epidemic. It cut up men's
farms without regard to locality, and cut
up the purses of the purchasers without
regard to consequences. It Avas estimated
that building lots enough were sold in
Indiana alone to accommodate every
citizen then in the United States.

Chicago, which in 1830, was a small
trading post, had within a few years
grown into a city. This was the starting

point of the wonderful growth and
marvelous career of that city. Improve-
ments, unsurpassed in the annals of the
world by individual effort, were then
begun, and have been maintained to this
day. Though visited by the terrible fire
fiend, and the accumulations of years
swept away in a night, yet she has arisen
and to-day is the best built city in the
world. Eeports of the rapid advance of
property in Chicago spread to the east,
and thousands poured into her borders,
bringing money, enterprise and indus-
try. Every ship that left her port car-
ried,. -with it maps of splendidly situated
towns and additions, and every vessel
that returned was laden with immi-
grants. It was said at the time that the
staple article of Illinois exports was
town plats, and that there was danger of
crowding the state with towns to the ex-
clusion of land for agriculture.

ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL.

The Illinois and Michigan canal again
received attention. This enterprise is
one of the most important in the early
history of Illinois, on account of its
magnitude and cost, and forming as it
does, the connecting link, between the
great chain of lakes and the Illinois
and Mississippi rivers. Governor Bond,
the first governor, recommended in his
first message the building of the canal.
In 1821, the legislature appropriated
$10,000 for surveying the route, This
work was performed by two young men
who estimated the cost at $600,000 or
$700,000. It cost, however, when com-
pleted $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was
passed to incorporate the canal company,
but no stock was sold. In 1826, upon

HISTOBY OF ILLINOIS.

the solicitation of Daniel P. Cook, con-
gressman from this state, congress gave
800,000 acres of land on the line of the
work. In 1828, commissioners were ap-
pointed and work commenced, with a
new survey and new estimates. In
1834-5 the work was again pushed for-
ward, and continued until 1848, when it
was completed.

PANIC EEPUDIATION ADVOCATED.

Bonds of the state were recklessly dis-
posed of, both in the east and in Europe.
Work was commenced on various lines
of railroads, but none were ever com-
pleted. On the Great Western Bailroad,
from Meredosia east eight miles, the first
locomotive that ever turned a wheel in
the great valley of the Mississippi was
run. The date of this remarkable event
was November 8, 1838. Large sums of
money were being expended with no as-
surance of a revenue, and consequently,
in 1840, the legislature repealed the im-

provement laws passed three years pre-
viously, not, however, until the state had
accumulated a debt of nearly $15,000,-
000. Thus fell the most stupenduous,
extravagant and almost ruinous folly of
a grand system of internal improvements
that any civil community, perhaps, ever
engaged in. The state banks failed,
specie was scarce, an enormous debt was
accumulated, the interest of which could
not be paid, people were disappointed in
the accumulation of wealth, and real es-
tate was worthless. All this had a tend-
ency to create a desire to throw off the
heavy burden of state debt by repudia-
tion. Men, true, honest and able, were
placed at the head of affairs; and al-
though the hours were dark and gloomy,
and the times most trying, yet our grand
state was brought through and prosper-
ed, until to-day, after the expenditure of
millions for public improvements, and
for carrying on the civil war, it has, at
present, no public debt whatever.

CHAPTER IV.

MOBMON, MEXICAN AND CIVIL WABS.

In April, 1840, the "Latter-Day
Saints," or Mormons, came in large num-
bers to Illinois, and purchased a tract of
land on the east side of the Mississippi
river, about ten miles above Keokuk.
Here they commenced building the city
of Nauvoo. A more picturesque or eli-

gible site for a city could not have been
selected.

The origin, rapid development and
prosperity of this religious sect are the
most remarkable and instructive histori-
cal events of the present century. That
an obscure individual, without money,

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

education or respectability, should per-
suade hundreds of thousands of people
to believe him inspired of God, and
cause a book, contemptible as a literary
production, to be received as a continua-
tion of the sacred revelation, appears
almost incredible; yet,-iii less than half
a century, the disciples of this obscure
individual have increased to hundreds of
thousands ;- have founded a state in the
distant wilderness, and compelled the
government of the United States to
practically recognize them as an inde-
pendent people.

The founder of Mormonism was Joseph
Smith, a native of Vermont, who emi-
grated while quite young with his father's
family to western New York. Here his
youth was spent in idle, vagabond life,
, roaming the woods, dreaming of buried
treasures, and in in endeavoring to learn
the art of finding them by the twisting
of a forked stick in his hands, or by look-
ing through enchanted stones. Both he
and his father became famous as "water-
wizards," always ready to point out the
spot where wells might be dug and water
found. Such was the character of the
young profligate when he made the ac-
quaintance of Sidney Rigdon, a person
of considerable talent and information,
who had conceived the design of found-
ing a new religion. A religious romance,
written by Mr. Spaulding, a Presbyter-
preacher of Ohio, then dead, suggested
the idea, and finding in Smith the requis-
ite duplicity and cunning to reduce it to
practice, it was agreed that he should
act as a prophet; and the two devised a
story that gold plates had been found
buried in the earth containing a record
inscribed 011 them in unknown charac-

ters, which, when inspired by the power
of inspiration, gave the history of the ten
lost tribes of Israel.

After their settlement in and about
Nauvoo, in Hancock county, great dep-
redations were committed by them on
faie "Gentiles." The Mormons had been
received from Missouri with great kind-
ness by the people of this state, and every
possible aid granted them. The depre-
dations committed, however, soon made
them odious, when the question of get-
ting rid of them was agitated. In the
fall of 1841, the governor of Missouri
made a demand on Governor Carlin for
the arrest and delivery of Joe Smith as
a fugitive from justice. Smith was sub-
sequently arrested, but was released by
Judge Douglas upon the ground that the
writ had once been returned before it
had been executed. In 1842, he was
again arrested, and again escaped. Em-
boldened by success, the Mormons be-
came more arrogant and overbearing.
Many people began to believe they were
about to set up a government for them-
selves in defiance of the laws of the
state. Owners of property stolen in
other counties made pursuit into Nauvoo;
and were fined by the Mormon courts
for daring to seek their property in the
holy city. About this time they peti-
tioned congress to establish a territorial
government for them in Nauvoo.

Smith soon began to play the tyrant
over his people. Among the first acts of
this sort was an attempt to take the wife
of William Law, one of his most talented
disciples, and make her his spiritual
wife. He established, without author-
ity, a recorder's office, and an office to
issue marriage licenses. He proclaimed

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

that none could deal in real estate or
sell liquor but himself. He ordered a
printing office demolished, and in many
ways controlled the freedom and busi-
ness of the Mormons. Not only did he
stir up some of the Mormons, but by his
reckless disregard for the laws of
the land, raised up opposition on
every hand. It was believed he intro^
duced the Danite band, which he had
chosen as the ministers of his vengeance,
that no blood, except that of the church,
was to be regarded as sacred, if it con-
travened the accomplishment of his ob-
ject. It was asserted that he inculcated
the legality of perjury and other crimes,
if committed to advance the cause of true
believers; that God had given the world
and all it contained to his saints, and
since they were kept out of their right-
ful inheritance by force, it was no moral
offense to get possession of it by steal-
ing.

It was currently reported that an estab-
lishment existed in Nauvoo for the manu-
facture of counterfeit money, and that a
set of outlaws were maintained for the
purpose of putting it in circulation.
Statements were circulated to the effect
that a reward was offered for the destruc-
tion of the Warsaw Signal, an anti-Mor-
mon paper, and that Mormons dispersed
over the country threatened all persons
who offered to assist the constable in the
execution of the law, with the destruc-
tion of their property and the murder of
their families. There were rumors also
afloat that an alliance had been formed
with the western Indians, and in case of
war they would be used in murdering
their enemies. In short, if only one-
half of these reports were true, the Mor-

mons must have been the most infamous
people that ever existed.

William Law, one of the proprietors
of the printing office destroyed by Smith,
went to Carthage, and procured a war-
rant for the arrest of Smith and others
in the deed. The prophet, his brother
Hiram and others, surrendered them-
selves at Carthage, June 24, 1844, on a
charge of riot, and all entered into a
recognizance before a justice of the peace
for their appearance at court. They
were again arrested, and thrown into
prison at Carthage. The people of Han-
cock, McDonough and Schuyler counties
had assembled, armed and ready to
avenge the outrages that had been com-
mitted by the Mormons. Great excite-
ment prevailed. All were anxious to
march into Nauvoo. The 27th of June
was appointed for the march, but Gov-
ernor Ford, who at the time was in Car-
thage, apprehended trouble if the mi-
litia should attempt to invade Nauvoo,
disbanded the troops, retaining only a
guard for the jail.

Governor Ford went to Nauvoo on the
27. The same morning about two hun-
dred men from Warsaw, many of them
disguised, hastened to Carthage. On
learning that one of the companies left
as a guard had disbanded, and the other
stationed 150 yards from the jail, while
eight men were left to guard the prison-
ers, a communication was soon estab-
lished between the Warsaw troops and
the guard; and it was arranged that the
guard should have their guns charged
with blank cartridges and fire at the as-
sailants when they attempted to enter the
jail. The conspirators came up, jumped
the fence around the jail, were fired

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

upon by the guard, which, according to
arrangement, was overpowered, and the
assailants entered the prison to the door
of the room where the two prisoners
were confined. An attempt was made to
break open the door; but Joe Smith, be-
ing armed with a pistol, fired several
times as the door was broken open, and
three of the assailants were wounded.
At the same time several shots were fired
into the room, by some of which John Tay-
lor, a friend of the Smith's, received four
wounds, and Hiram Smith was instantly
killed. Joe Smith, severely wounded,
attempted to escape by jumping out of
a second story window, but was so stun-
ned by the fall that he was unable to
rise. In this position he was dispatched
by balls fired through his body. Thus
fell Joe Smith, the most successful im-
poster of modern times. Totally igno-
rant of almost every fact in science, as
well as in law, he made up in construct-
iveness and natural cunning what he
lacked in education.

Many feared the Mormons would as-
semble in force and attack Carthage for
the purpose of avenging the death of
the prophet. But this was never done.
In the fall of 1845, a convention, con-
sisting of delegates from eight of the
adjoining counties, assembled to concert
measures for the expulsion of the Mor-
mons from the state. The Mormons se-
riously contemplated emigration west-
ward, believing the times forbode evil
for them. Accordingly during the win-
ter of 1845-46, the most stupendous
preparations were made by the Mor-
mons for removal. All the principal
dwellings, and even the temple, were
converted into workshops, and before

spring, 12,000 wagons were in readiness ;
and by the middle of February, the
leaders, with 2,000 of their followers,
had crossed the Mississippi on the ice.

Before the spring of 1846, the major-
ity of Mormons had left Nauvoo, but
still a large number remained.

THE BATTLE OF NAUVOO.

In September a writ was issued
against several prominent Mormons,
and placed in the hands of John Carlin,
of Carthage, for execution. Carlin call-
ed out a posse to help make the arrest,
which brought together quite a large
force, in the vicinity of Nauvoo. Car-
lin, not being a military man, placed in
command of the force, first, General
Singleton, and afterward Colonel Brock-
man, who proceeded to invest the city,
erecting breastworks, and taking other
means for defensive as well as offensive
operations. What was then termed a
battle next took place, resulting in the
death of one Mormon and the wounding
of several others, and loss to the anti-
Mormons of three killed and four
wounded. At last, through the inter-
vention of an anti-Mormon committee of
one hundred, from Quincy, the Mor-
mons and their allies were induced to
submit to such terms as the posse choose
to dictate, which were that the Mor-
mons should immediately give up their
arms to the Quincy committee and re-
move from the state. The trustees of
the church and five of their clerks were
permitted to remain for the sale of Mor-
mon property, and the posse were to
march in unmolested, and leave a suffi-
cient force to guarantee the perform-
ance of their stipulations. Accordingly

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

the constable's posse inarched in, with
Brockman at their head. It consisted
of 800 armed men, and 600 or 700 un-
armed, who had assembled from all the
country around, through motives of curi-
osity to see the once proud city of Nau-
voo humbled, and delivered up to its en-
emies. They proceeded into the city slow-
ly and carefully, examining the way for
fear of the explosion of a mine, many
of which had been made by the Mor-
mons, by burying kegs of powder in the
ground, with a man stationed at a dis-
tance to pull a string communicating
with the trigger of a percussion lock af-
fixed to the keg. This kind of a con-
trivance was called by the Mormons
" hell's half acre." When the posse.
arrived in the city, the leaders of it
elected themselves into a tribunal to de-
cide who should be forced away and
who remain. Parties were dispatched
to hunt for fire-arms and for Mormons,
and to bring them to judgment. When
brought, they received their doom from
the mouth of Brockman, who remained
a grim and unawed tyrant for the time.
As a general rule, the Mormons were
ordered to leave within an hour or two,
and by rare grace some of them were
allowed until next day, and in a few
cases longer time was granted.

MEXICAN WAR.

In 1846, when the war with Mexico
commenced, Illinois sent her quota of
six regiments to the tented field. More
men were offered, but only the six reg-
iments could be accepted. These six
shed imperishable honors, not only upon
the state, but upon the American union.
Veterans never fought* more nobly and

effectively than did the volunteers
from Illinois. At the battle of Buena
Vista, by the coolness and bravery of
the Second regiment, under Colonel
Bissell, the day was saved. The con-
flict began early on the morning of Feb-
ruary 22, 1847, and was continued till
nightfall of the next day. The solid
columns of the enemy were hurled
against our advancing forces all day
! long, but were met and held in check by
the unerring fire of our musketry and
artillery. A portion of General Lane's
division was driven back by the enemy,
who appeared in such formidable num-
bers as to be almost irresistible. At this
time the Second Illinois, under Colonel
Bissell, with a squadron of cavalry and a
few pieces of artillery, came handsome-
ly into action, and gallantly received
the concentrated fire of the enemy,
which they returned with deliberate
aim and terrible effect. Every dis-
charge of the artillery seemed to tear a
bloody path through the columns of the
enemy. Says a writer: "The rapid
musketry of the gallant troops from
Illinois poured a storm of lead into
their serried ranks, which literally
strewed the ground with the dead and
dying." But, notwithstanding his los-
ses, the enemy still advanced until our
gallant regiment received fire from
three sides. Still they maintained their
position for a time with unflinching
firmness against that immense host.
At length, perceiving the danger of be-
ing entirely surrounded, it was deter-
mined to fall back to a ravine. Colonel
Bissell, with the coolness of ordinary
drill, ordered the signal " cease firing "
to be made; he then, with the same de_

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

liberation, gave the command, " face to
the rear, battalion about face; forward
march!" which was executed with the
regularity of veterans to a point beyond
the peril of being outflanked. Again,
in obedience to command, these brave
men halted, faced about, and under a
murderous tempest of bullets from the
foe, resumed their well directed fire.
The conduct of no troops could have
been more admirable, and, too, until
that day they had never been under fire,
when, within less than half ah hour,
eighty of their comrades dropped by
their sides.

From Colton's "History of the Battle
of Buena Vista, the following extract is
taken: "As the enemy on our left was
moving in retreat along the head of the
plateau, our artillery was advanced until
within range, and opened a heavy fire
upon him, while Colonels Hardin, Bissell
and McKee, with their Illinois and Ken-
tucky troops, dashed gallantly forward
in hot pursuit. A powerful reserve of
the Mexican army was then just emerg-
ing from the ravine, where it had been
organized, and advanced on the plateau,
opposite the head of the southernmost
gorge. Those who were giving way ral-
lied quickly upon it, when the whole
force, thus increased to over 12,000 men,
came forward in a perfect blaze of fire.
It was a single column, composed of the
best soldiers of the republic, having for
its advanced battalions the veteran regi-
ments. The Kentucky and Illinois
troops were soon obliged to give ground
before it, and seek the shelter of the
second gorge. Over half of the column
suddenly enveloped it, while the other
half pressed on across the plateau, hav-

ing for the moment nothing to resist
them except the three guns in their
front. The portion that was immediately
opposed to the Kentucky and Illinois
troops, ran down along each side of the
gorge, in which they had sought shelter,
and also circled around its head, leaving
no possible way of escape for them ex-
cept by its mouth, which opened upon
the road. Its sides, which were steep,
at least an angle of forty -five degrees,
-- were covered with loose pebbles and
stones, and converged to a point at the
bottom. Down there were our poor fel-
lows, nearly three regiments of them
(First and Second Illinois, and Second
Kentucky), with but little opportunity
to load or fire a gun, being hardly able
to keep their feet. Above the whole
edge of the gorge, all the way around,
was darkened by the serried masses of
the enemy, and was bristling with mus-
kets directed on the crowd beneath. It
was no time to pause. Those who were
not immediately shot down rushed on to-
ward the roarl, their number growing less
and less as they went, Kentuckians and
Illinoisans, officers and men, all mixed
up in confusion, and all pressing on over
the loose pebbles and rolling stones of
those shelving, precipitous banks, and
having lines and lines of the enemy fir-
ing down from each side and rear as
they went.

Just then the enemy's cavalry, which
had gone to the left of the reserve, had
come over the spur that divides the
mouth of the second gorge from that of
the third, and were now closing up the
only door through which there was the
least shadow of a chance for their lives.
Many of those ahead endeavored to

HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS.

force their way out, but few succeeded.
The lancers were fully six to one, and
their long weapons were already reek-
ing with blood. It was at this time that
those who were still back in that dread-
ful gorge heard the roar of Washing-
ton's battery. No music could have
been more grateful to their ears. A
moment only, and the whole opening,
where the lancers were busy, rang with
the repeated explosions of spherical
case shot. They gave way. The gate,
as it were, was clear, and out upon the
road a stream of our poor fellows is-
sued,. They ran panting down toward
the battery, and directly under the flight
of iron then passing over their heads,
into the retreating cavalry. Hardin,
Clay, McKee, Willis, Zabriskie, Hough-
ton, but why go on? It would be a sad
task indeed to name over all who fell
during this twenty minutes' slaughter.
The whole gorge, from the plateau to
its mouth, was strewn with our dead.
All dead! No wounded there not a
man; for the infantry had rushed down
the sides, and completed the work with
the bayonet.

After a hard fight, at night both ar-
mies laid down upon their arms, in
much the same position as in the morn-
ing. However, early on the following
morning, the glad tidings were heard
amidst our army that the enemy had re-
treated, thus again crowning the Amer-
ican banners with victory.

In addition to Colonel Bissell, other
names that shine as stars in this war are
Shields, Baker, Harris, Hardin, Coffee
all from Illinois. Such, indeed, were
the intrepid valor and daring courage
exhibited by Illinois volunteers during

the Mexican war, that their deeds should
live in the memory of their countrymen
while time shall last.

THE WAE FOB THE UNION.

In the war for the Union, no state can
show a more glorious record than that
of Illinois. Sumpter was fired upon
April 12, 1861, Two days afterward,
President Lincoln issued his first call
for volunteers 75,000 in numbers. On
the 15th, Governor Yates, issued his
proclamation convening the legislature
and ordering the enlistment of six regi-
ments, the quota assigned the state.
The call was no sooner made than filled.
Patriotism filled every heart. The farm,
the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the
bar, the bench, every vocation in life of-
fered its best men. On assembling,
the legislature authorized the raising of
ten additional regiments, anticipating
another call, At the close of 1861, Illi-
nois had sent to the field nearly 50,000
men, and had 17,000 in camp awaiting
marching orders, thus exceeding its full
quota by 15,000.

In July and August of 1862, the
President called for 600,000 men the
quota of Illinois being 52,296 and gave
until August 18 as the limits in which
the number might be raised by volun-
teering, after which a draft would be or-
dered. The state had already furnished
17,000 in excess of her quota, and it was
first thought this number would be de-
ducted from the present requisition, but
this could not be done. But thirteen
days were granted to enlist this vast
army, which had to come from the far-
mers and mechanics, The farmers were
in the midst of harvest, but, inspired by

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

love of country, over 50,000 of them
left their harvest ungathered, their tools
and their benches, the plows in their
furrows, turning their backs on their
homes, and before eleven days had ex-
pired, the demands of the government
were met, and both quotas filled.

The war went on, and call followed
call, until it began to look as if there
would not be men enough in all the free
states to crush out and destroy the mon-
strous war traitors had inaugurated. But
to every call for either men or money,
there was a willing and ready response.
And it is a boast of the people that, had
the supply of money fallen short, there
were women brave enough, daring
enough, patriotic enough, to have offered
themselves as sacrifices on their country's
altar. On the 21st of December, 1864,
the last call for troops was made. It
was for 300,000 men. In consequence of
an imperfect enrollment of the men sub-
ject to military duty, it became evident,
ere this call was made, that Illinois was
furnishing thousands of men more than
what her quota would have been, had it
been correct. So glaring had this dis-
proportion become, that under this call
the quota of some districts exceeded the
number of able-bodied men in them.

No troops ever fought more heroically,
stubbornly, and with better effect, than
did the boys from the "Prairie state."
At Pea Ridge, Donelson, Pittsburg Land-
ing, luka, Corinth, Stone river, Holly
Springs, Jackson, Yicksburg, Chicka-
mauga, Lookout mountain, Murfrees-
boro, Atlanta, Franklin, Nashville, Chat-
tanooga, and on every other field where
the crash of arms was heard, her sous
were foremost.

The people were liberal, as well as pat-
riotic; and while the men were busy en-
listing, organizing and equipping com-
panies, the ladies were no less active,
and the noble, generous work performed
by their tender loving hands, deserves
mention along with the bravery, devotion
and patriotism of their brothers, upon
the southern field of carnage.

The continued need of money to ob-
tain the comforts and necessaries for the
sick and wounded of our army, suggested
to the loyal women of the north many
and various devices for the raising of
funds. Every city, town and village had
its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, or con-
cert, which netted more or less to the
cause of hospital relief, according to the
population of the place, and the amount
of energy and patriotism displayed on
such occasions. Especially was this
characteristic of our own fair state, and
scarcely a hamlet within its borders
which did not send something from its
stores to hospital or battlefield, and in
the larger towns and cities were well or-
ganized soldier's aid societies, working
systematically from the beginning of the
war until its end. The great state fair
held in Chicago in May, 1865, netted $250,
000. Homes for traveling soldiers were
established all over the state, in which
were furnished lodging for 600,000 men,
and meals valued at $2,500,000. Food,
clothing, medicine, hospital delicacies,
reading matter, and thousands of other
articles, were sent to the boys at the
front.

The rebellion ended with the surrender
of Lee and Johnson, in April, 1865, and
as soon as possible the troops were dis-
banded. The following is a summary of

.40

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

troops furnished by the state : Infantry,
185941; Cavalry, 32082; Artillery, 7277;
making a grand aggregate of 225300 men
of all arms.

Thus it will br seen that Illinois did
her full share toward putting down the
Rebellion, as regards the number of
men and amount of materials supplied.

CHAPTER -V.

GOVERNMENT.

Shadrach Bond was the first governor
of Illinois. He was a native of Mary-
land, and was born in 1773; was reared
on a farm, received a common school ed-
ucation, and came to Illinois in 1794.
He served as a delegate in congress from
1811 to 1815, where he procured the
right of pre-emption of public land. He
was elected governor in 1818 ; was beaten
for congress in 1824 by Daniel P. Cook.
He died at Kaskaskia, April 11, 1830.

Edward Coles, the second governor,
was born December 15, 1786, in Virginia.
His father was a slave-holder, gave his
son a collegiate education, and left to
him a large number of slaves. These he
liberated, giving each head of a family
160 acres of land and a considerable sum
of money. He was President Madison's
private secretary. He came to Illinois
in 1819, was elected governor in 1822, on
the anti-slavery ticket; moved to Phila-
delphia in 1833, and died in 1868.

Ninian Edwards, the successor of Mr.
Coles, was not new to the duties of the
office, having been appointed in 1809,
when the territory of Illinois was formed,-
as its territorial governor, which position
he held until its organization as a state,
when he was sent to the United States
senate. He was elected governor in
1826. He was a native of Maryland, and
born in 1775; received a collegiate edu-
cation; was chief justice of Kentucky.

John Reynolds, the fourth governor of
the state, was born in Pennsylvania in
1788, and came with his parents to Illi-
nois in 1800. In 1830 he was elected
governor on the democratic ticket, and
afterwards served three years in con-
gress. He received a classical educa-
tion, yet was not polished. He was an
ultra-democrat; attended the Charleston
convention in 1860, and urged the seizure
of United States arsenals by the South.
He died in 1865, at Belleville, childless.

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

In 1834 Joseph Duncan was elected
governor by the whigs, although form-
erly a democrat. He had previously
served four terms in congress. He was
born in Kentucky, in 1794; had but a
limited education; served with distinc-
tion in the war of 1812; conducted the
campaign of 1832, against Black Hawk.
He came to Illinois when quite young.

Thomas Carlin succeeded Duncan,
having been elected on the democratic
ticket in 1838. He had but a meagre
education ; held many minor offices,
and was active, both in the war of 1812
and the Black Hawk war. He was born
in Kentucky, in 1789; came to Illinois
in 1812, and died at Carrollton, February
14, 1852.

Thomas Ford, the next governor, was
elected as a democrat, in 1842. He was
born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1800;
was brought by his widowed mother to
Missouri, in 1804, and shortly afterwards
to Illinois. He received a good educa-
tion, and studied law; was elected judge
four times twice as circuit judge, judge
of Chicago, and judge of the supreme
court. He wrote his history of Illinois
in 1847, and died in 1850.

Augustus C. French was born in New
Hampshire, in 1808; was admitted to the
bar in 1831, and shortly afterwards
moved to Illinois. He was elected gov-
ernor in 1846. On the adoption of the
constitution of 1848, he was again
chosen, serving until 1853. He was a
democrat in politics.

Joel A. Matteson, who succeeded
French in the gubernatorial office, was
born in Jefferson county, New York, in
1808. His father was a farmer, and
gave his son only a common school edu-

cation. He first entered upon active
life as a small tradesman, but subse-
quently became a large contractor and
manufacturer. He was a heavy con-
tractor in building the canal. He was
elected governor in 1852 upon the dem-
ocratic ticket.

William H. Bissell was elected by the
republican party in 1856. He had pre-
viously served two terms in congress;
he was a colonel in the Mexican war,
and had held many minor offices pre-
vious to being chosen governor. He
was born in New York state, in 1811;
received a common school education;
came to Illinois early in life and engaged
in the medical profession. This he
changed for the law, and became a noted
orator, and the standard-bearer of the
republican party in Illinois. He died
in 1860, while governor.

Eichard Yates, the "war governor" of
Illinois, was born in Warsaw, Kentucky,
in 1818; came to Illinois, in 1831; served
two terms in congress; in 1860 was
elected governor, and in 1865, United
States senator. He was a college grad-
uate, and read law under J. J. Hardin.
He rapidly rose in his chosen profession
and charmed the people with his ora-
tory. He filled the gubernatorial chair
during the trying days of the rebellion,
and by his energy and devotion won the
undying affection of the loyal people.
He died in St. Louis after the expira-
tion of his term as senator.

Eichard J. Oglesby, who was elected
governor in 1864, was born in Kentucky
in 1824; at the age of eight years, he
found himself an orphan, and four years
later he came to Illinois. He was ap-
prenticed to learn the carpenter's trade,

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

worked some at farming, and read law
occasionally. He enlisted in the Mex-
ican war, and was chosen first lieutenant.
After his return, he again took up the
law, but during the gold fever of 1849,
went to California; he soon returned,
and, in 1852, he entered upon his
illustrious political career. He raised
the second regiment organized in the
state to suppress the rebellion, and for
gallantry was promoted to be major-
general. His election as governor in
1864 was due, in a great degree, to his
patriotic war record. He was again
elected to the same position in 1872, but
resigned to go to the United States
senate. He was again elected in 1884.
He is a staunch republican in politics.

John M. Palmer succeeded General
Oglesby. He was born in Kentucky in
1817, and came to Illinois in 1831. He
was admitted to the bar in 1839. He
was elected to the office of probate judge
of Macoupin county in 1843; was a mem-
ber of the constitutional convention in
1847; county judge in 1849; elected to
the state senate in 1851 ; member of the
peace conference in 1861. He was
colonel of the 14th Illinois infantry,
and rose by successive promotions to
major-general, commander of the 14th
army corps, and afterwards of the de-
partment of Kentucky. Was governor
from 1869 to 1872, both inclusive.

Richard J. Oglesby was again elected
to the office of governor in 1872; in 1873
he was sent to the United States senate
and Lieutenant-Governor John L. Bev-
eridge succeeded to the governorship,
which he held until 1877.

Shelby M. Cullom, succeeded Gov-
ernor Beveridge. He was born in Ken-

tucky in 1828; studied law, was admit-
ted to the bar, and commenced the prac-
tice of his profession in 1848; was elected
to the state legislature in 1856, and
again in 1860. Served on the war com-
mission at Cairo, in 1862, and was a
member of the 39th, 40th, and 41st con-
gresses, in all of which he served with
credit to his state. He was again elected
to the state legislature in 1872, and
re-elected in 1874. He was elected gov-
ernor in 1876, and again in 1880. Dur-
ing the last term he was sent to the
United States senate, and Lieutenant-
Governor John M. Hamilton succeeded
to the office of governor, which he held
with credit and ability for the remainder
of the term.

John M. Hamilton was succeeded as
governor by Richard J. Oglesby, elected
in 1884. A sketch of Gov. Oglesby is
given in connection with the mention of
his first election.

LIEUTENANT-GOVEBNORS.

Pierre Menard was the first lieuten-
ant-governor of Illinois. He was born
in Quebec, Canada, in 1767. He came
to Illinois in 1790, where he engaged in
the Indian trade, and became wealthy.
He died in 1844. Menard county was
named in his honor.

Adolphus F. Hubbard was elected
lieutenant-governor in 1822. Four years
later, he ran for governor against Ed-
wards, but was beaten.

William Kinney was elected in 1826.
He was a Baptist clergyman; was born
in Kentucky in 1781, and came to Illi-
nois in 1793.

Zadock Casey was elected lieutenant-
governor in 1830, although on the oppo-

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

sition ticket to Governor Reynolds, the
successful gubernatorial candidate. He
subsequently served several terms in
congress.

Alexander M. Jenkins was elected on
the ticket with Governor Duncan, in
1834, by a handsome majority.

S. H. Anderson, lieutenant-governor
under Governor Carlin, was chosen in
1838. He was a native of Tennessee.

John Moore was elected lieutenant-
governor in 1842. He was born in Eng-
land in 1793, and came to Illinois in
1830. He won the name of "Honest
John Moore."

Joseph B. Wells was chosen with Gov.
French, at his first election, in 1846.

In 1848, when French was again
chosen governor, William McMurtry was
elected lieutenant-governor.

Gustavus P. Koerner was the next to
hold the office, having been elected in
1852. He was born in Germany in 1809.
At the age of 22, he came to Illinois. In
1872 he was the candidate of the liberal
party for governor; but was defeated.

John Wood was elected in 1856, and
on the death of Governor Bissell, became
governor.

Francis A. Hoffman was chosen with
Governor Yates in 1860. He was born
in Prussia in 1822, and came to Illinois
in 1840.

William Boss was the next, elected in
1864. He was born in New Jersey, and
came to Illinois in 1848. John Dough-
erty Avas elected in 1868.

John L. Beveridge was chosen lieuten-
ant-governor in 1872, and when Gov-
ernor Oglesby was sent to the senate in
1873, he became governor, and held the
position the remainder of the term.

Andrew Sherman was elected lieuten-
ant-governor in 1876.

John M. Hamilton, elected in 1880,
became governor when Shelby M. Cul-
lom was elected to the office of United
States senator.

Wm. J. Campbell was elected presi-
dent of the senate and ex-oflicio lieuten-
ant-governor when Hamilton succeeded
to the gubernatorial chair.

John C. Smith is the present incum-
bent.

SUPEKINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTEUCTION.

The following have served in this ca-
pacity: Ninian W. Edwards, 1854-56;
W. H. Powell, 1857-58; Newton Bate-
man, 1859-75; Samuel M. Etter, 1876-80;
James P. Slade, 1880-81; Henry Raab
succeeded Slade. His last term will ex-
pire in 1887.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL.

The attorney-generals of Illinois have
been as follows: Daniel P. Cook, 1819;
William Mears, 1820; Samuel .D. Lock-
wood, 1821-22; James Turney, 1823-28;
George Forquer, 1829-32; James Sem-
ple, 1833-34; Ninian W. Edwards, 1834-
35; Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., 1835; Walter
B. Seates, 1836; Asher F. Linder, 1837;
George W. Olney, 1838; Wickliffe
Kitchell, 1839; Josiah Lamborn, 1841-
42; James A. McDougall, 1843^6;
David B. Campbell, 1846; [office abol-
ished and re-created in 1867] ; Robert G.
Ingersoll, 1867-68; Washington Bush-
nell, 1869-72; James K. Edsall, 1872-80;
James McCartney, 1880-84; George
Hunt, present incumbent.

TREASURER.

The state treasurers of Illinois have
been as follows: John Thomas, 1818-19;

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

R. K. McLaughlin, 1819-22; Ebner
Field, 1823-26; James Hall, 1827-30;
John Dement, 1831-36; Charles Greg-
ory, 1836; John D. Whiteside, 1837-40;
M. Carpenter, 1841-48; John Moore,
1848-56; James Miller, 1857-60; Wil-
liam Butler, 1861-62 ; Alexander Starne,
1863-64; James H. Beveridge, 1865-66;
George W. Smith, 1867-68; Erastus N.
Bates, 1869-72; Edward Rutz, 1878-79;
John C. Smith, 1879-81; Edward Rutz,
1881-83; John C. Smith, 1883-84; Jacob
Gross, 1885-89.

SECEETAKIES OF STATE.

Elias K. Kane, 1818-22; Samuel D.
Lockwood, 1822-23; David Blackwell,
1823-24; Morris Birkbeck, 1824; George
Farquer, 1825-28; Alexander P. Field,
1829^0; Stephen A. Douglas, 1840; Ly-
man Trumbull, 1841-42; Thompson
Campbell, 1843-46; Horace S. Cooley,
1846-49; David L. Gregg, 1850-52; Alex-
ander Starne, 1853-56 ; Azias M. Hatch,
1857-60; Sharon Tyndale, 1865-68; Ed-
ward Rummel, 1869-72 ; George H. Har-
low, 1873-79; Henry D. Dement, 1881.
He is the present incumbent.

AUDITORS.

Elijah C. Berry, 1818-31; I. T. B.
Stapp, 1831-35; Levi Davis, 1835^0;
James Shields, 1841^2; W. L. D. Ew-
ing, 1843-45; Thompson Campbell, 1846;
Jesse K. Dubois, 1857-64; Orlin H.
Miner, 1865-68; Charles E. Lippincott,
1869-76; Thomas B. Needles, 1877-79;
Charles P. Swigert, elected in 1880, and
again in 1884, is the present incumbent.

UNITED STATES SENATORS.

Ninian Edwards O,n the organization
of the state, in 1848, Ninian Edwards,

the popular territorial governor, was
chosen senator for the short term, and
in 1819 re-elected for full term.

Jesse B. Thomas One of the federal
judges during the entire territorial exis-
tence, was chosen senator on organiza-
tion of the state, and re-elected in 1823,
and served till 1829.

John McLean In 1824 Edwards re-
signed, and John McLean was elected
to fill his unexpired term. He was born
in North Carolina in 1791, and came to
Illinois in 1815 ; served one term in con-
gress, and in 1829 was elected to the
United States senate, but the following
year died. He is said to have been the
most gifted man of his period in Illi-
nois.

Elias Kent Kane Was elected No-
vember 30, 1824, for the term beginning
March 4, 1825. In 1830 he was re-elec-
ted, but died before the expiration of his
term. He was a native of New York,
and in 1814 came to Illinois. He was
first secretary of state, and afterwards
state senator.

David Jewett Parker Was appointed
to fill the unexpired term of Judge
McLean in 1830, November 12, but the
legislature refused to endorse the choice.
Baker was a native of Connecticut, born
in 1792; and died in Alton in 1869.

John M. Robinson Instead of Baker,
the governor's appointee, the legislature
chose Robinson, and in 1834 he was re-
elected. In 1843 he was elected supreme
judge of the state; but died within two
months of his election. He was a native
of Kentucky, and came to Illinois when
quite young.

William L. D. Ewing Was elected
in 1835, to fill the vacancy occasioned by

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

the death of Senator Kane. He was a
Kentuckian.

Richard M. Young Was elected in
1836, and held his seat from March 4,
1837 to March 4, 1843, a full term. He was
a native of Kentucky; was a circuit judge
before his election to the senate, and su-
preme judge in 1842. He died in an in-
sane asylum at Washington.

Samuel McRoberts The first native
Illinoisan ever elevated to the high
office of United States senator from this
state, was born in 1799, and died in 1843
on his return home from Washington.
He was elected circuit judge in 1824,
and March 4, 1841, took his seat in the
United States senate.

Sidney Breese Was elected to the
United States senate, December 17, 1842,
and served a full term. He was born in
Oneida county, New York. He was a
major in the Black Hawk war; was cir-
cuit judge, and in 1841 was elected su-
preme judge. He served a full term in
the United States senate, beginning
March 4, 1843, after which he was
elected to the legislature, again circuit
judge, and, in 1857, to the supreme
court, which position he held until his
death, in 1878.

James Semple Was the successor of
Samuel McRoberts, and was appointed
by Governor Ford in 1843. He was
afterwards elected judge of the supreme
court.

Stephen A. Douglas Was elected De-
cember 14, 1846. He had previously
served three terms as congressman. He
became his own successor in 1853, and
again in 1859. From his first entrance
in the senate, he was acknowledged the
peer of Clay, Webster and Calhoun,

with whom he served his first term. His
famous contest with Abraham Lincoln
for the senate in 1858, is the most mem-
orable in the annals of our country. It
was called the "battle of the giants,"
and resulted in Douglas' election to the
senate, and that of Lincoln to the presi-
dency. He was born in Brandon, Ver-
mont, April 23, 1813, and came to Illi-
nois, in 1833. He died in 1861. He
was appointed secretary of state by
Governor Carlin, in 1840, and shortly
afterward to the supreme bench.

James Shields Was elected and as-
sumed his seat in the United States
senate in 1849, March 4. He was born
in Ireland, in 1810, and came to the
United States in 1827. He served in the
Mexican war, was elected senator from
Wisconsin, and in 1879 from Missouri
for a short term.

Lyman Trumbull Took his seat in
the United States senate March 4, 1855,
and became his own successor in 1861.
He had previously served one term in
the lower house of congress, and served
on the supreme bench. He was born in
Connecticut; studied law, and came to
Illinois early in life, where for years he
was actively engaged in politics. He re-
sides in Chicago.

Orville H. Browning Was appointed
United States senator in 1861, to fill the
seat made v/icant by the death of
Stephen A. Douglas, until a senator
could be regularly elected. Mr. Brown-
ing was born in Harrison county, Ken-
tucky; was admitted to the bar in 1831,
and settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he
engaged in the practice of law, and was
instrumental, with his friend, Abraham
Lincoln, in forming the republican party

HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.

of Illinois at the Bloomington conven-
tion. He entered Johnson's cabinet as
secretary of the interior, and in March,
1868, was designated by the president to
perform the duties of attorney general,
in addition to his own as secretary of the
interior department.

William A. Richardson Was elected
to the United States senate in 1863, to
fill the unexpired term of his friend, Ste-
phen A. Douglas. He was born in Fay-
ette county, Kentucky, about 1810, stud-
ied law, and settled in Illinois ; served as
captain in the Mexican war, and was
promoted for bravery on the battle-field
of Buena Vista, by a unanimous vote of
his regiment. He served in the lower
house of congl-ess from 1847 to 1857,
continuously.

Richard Yates Was elected in 1865,
and served a full term of six years. A
sketch of him is given in connection with
the office of governor.

John A. Logan Was elected to the
United States senate in 1871. He was
born in Jackson county, Illinois, Febru-
ary 9, 1826, received a common school
education; enlisted as a private in the
Mexican war, where he rose to the rank
of regimental quartermaster. On return-
ing home he studied law, and came to the
bar in 1852 ; was elected in 1858 a repre-
sentative to the 36th congress, and re-
elected to the 37th congress, resigning
in 1861 to take part in the suppression
of the rebellion, served as colonel, and
subsequently as a major-general, and
commanded with distinction, the armies
of the Tennessee. He was again elected
to the senate in 1879, and served the full
term. He was the candidate of the re-
publican party in 1884 for vice-president

of the United States, with Blaine, but
was defeated.

David Davis Was elected to the
United States senate in 1877, for a term
of six years. He was born in Cecil
county, Maryland, March 9, 1815; grad-
uated at Kenyon college, Ohio, studied
law, and removed to Illinois in 1835 ; was
admitted to the bar, and settled in
Bloomington, where he has since resid-
ed, and amassed a large fortune. He
was for many years the intimate friend
and associate of Abraham Lincoln, rode
the circuit with him each year, and after
Lincoln's election to the presidency, was
appointed by him to fill the position of
judge of the supreme court of the
United States, which position he re-
signed to accept the senatorship. When
Arthur ascended to the presidency, at
the death of Garfield, Davis was elected
president of the senate and acting vice-
president of the United States.

REPEESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.

Fifteenth congress, 1818 John Mc-
Lean.

Sixteenth, 1819-20 Daniel P. Cook.

Seventeenth, 1821-22 Daniel P. Cook.

Eighteenth, 1823-24 Daniel P. Cook.

Nineteenth, 1825-26 Daniel P. Cook.

Twentieth, 1827-28 Joseph Duncan.

Twenty-first, 1829-30 Joseph Dun-
can.

Twenty-second,1831-32 Joseph Dun-
can.

Twenty-third, 1833-34 Joseph Dun-
can, Zadock Casey.

Twenty-fourth, 1835-36 Zadock Ca-
sey, John Reynolds, William L. May.

Twenty-fifth, 1837-38 Zadock Casey,
John Reynolds, William L. May.

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

Twenty-sixth, 1839-^0 Zadock Casey,
John Reynolds, John T. Stuart.

Twenty-seventh, 1841-42 Zadock Ca-
sey, John Reynolds, John T. Stuart.

Twenty-eight, 1843-44 Robert Smith,
Orlando B. Ficklin, Stephen A. Douglas,
John A. McClernand, Joseph P. Hoge,
John J. Hardin, John Wentworth.

Twenty-ninth,1845-46 Robert Smith,
Stephen A. Douglas, Orlando B. Fick-
lin, John J. Hardin (1845), Joseph P.
Hoge, John A. McClernand, John Weiit-
worth.

Thirtieth, 1847-8 John Wentworth,
Thomas J. Turner (1847), Abraham
Lincoln, John A. McClernand, Orlando
B. Ficklin, Robert Smith, William A.
Richardson.

Thirty-first, 1849-50 John A. Mc-
Clernand, John Wentworth, Timothy R.
Young, William A. Richardson, Edward
D. Baker, William H. Bissell, Thomas
L. Harris.

Thirty-second, 1851-52 William A.
Richardson, Thompson Campbell, Or-
lando B. Ficklin, John Wentworth,
Richard Yates, Richard S. Maloney,
Willis Allen, William H. Bissell.

Thirty-third, 1853-54 William H.
Bissell, John C.Allen, Willis Allen, Elihu
B. Washburne, Richard Yates, Thomp-
son Campbell, James Knox, Jesse O.
Norton, William A. Richardson.

Thirty-fourth, 1855-56 Elihu B.
Washburne, Lyman Trumbull, James
H. Woodworth, James Knox, Thompson
Campbell, Samuel S. Marshall, J. L. D.
Morrison, C. Allen, Jesse O. Norton,
William A. Richardson.

Thirty-fifth, 1857-58 Elihu B. Wash-
burne, Charles D. Hodges, William
Kellogg, Thompson Campbell, John F.

Farnsworth, Owen Lovejoy, Samuel
S. Marshall, Isaac N. Morris, Aaron
Shaw, Robert Smith, Thomas L. Harris.

Thirty-sixth, 1859-60 Elihu B. Wash-
burne, John A. Logan, Owen Lovejoy,
John A. McClernand, Isaac N. Morris,
John F. Farnsworth, Philip B. Fouke,
Thomas L. Harris, William Kellogg,
James C. Robertson.

Thirty-seventh, 1861-62 Elihu B.
Washburne, James C. Robertson, John
A. Logan, Owen Lovejoy, John A. Mc-
Clernand, Isaac N. Arnold, Philip B.
Fouke, William Kellogg, Anthony L.
Knapp, William A. Richardson.

Thirty-eighth, 1863-64 Elihu B,
Washburne, Jesse O. Norton, James
C. Robinson, William J. Allen, Isaac N.
Arnold, John R. Eden, Lewis W. Ross,
John T. Stuart, Owen Lovejoy, William
R. Morrison, John C. Allen, John F.
Farnsworth, Charles W. Morris, Eben
Ingersoll, A. L. Knapp.

Thirty-ninth, 1865-66 E- B. Wash-
burne, Anthony B. Thornton, Jno. Went-
worth, Abner C. Hardin, Eben C. Inger-
soll, Barton C. Cook, Shelby M. Cullom,
John F. Farnsworth, John Baker, Henry
P. H. Bromwell, Andrew Z. Kuykendall,
Samuel S. Marshall, Samuel W. Moul-
ton, Lewis W. Ross.

Fortieth, 1867-68 Elihu B. Wash-
burne, Abner C. Hardin, Eben C. Inger-
soll, Norman B. Judd, Albert G. Burr,
Barton C. Cook, Shelby M. Cullom, John
F. Farnsworth, John Baker, Henry P. H.
Bromwell, John A. Logan, Samuel S.
Marshall, Green B. Raum, Lewis W.
Ross.

Forty-first, 1869-70 N. B. Judd,
John F. Farnsworth, H. C. Burchard,
John B. Hawley, Eben C. Ingersoll,

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

Barton C. Cook, Jesse H. Moore, Shelby
M. Cullora, Thomas "W. McNeeley, Al-
bert G. Burr, Samuel S. Marshall, John
B. Hay, John M. Crebs, John A. Logan.

Forty-second, 1871-72 Charles B.
Farwell, John Farnsworth, Horatio C.
Burchard, John B. Hawley, Bradford N.
Stevens, Henry Snapp, Jesse H. Moore,
James C. Eobinson, Thos. W. McNally,
Edward Y. Bice, Samuel S. Marshall,
John B. Hay, John M. Crebs, John S.
Beveridge.

Forty-third, 1873-74 John B. Eice,
Jasper D. Ward, Charles B. Farwell,
Stephen A. Hurlburt, Horatio C. Bur-
chard, John B. Hawley, Franklin Cor-
win, Bobert M. Kiiapp, James C. Rob-
inson, John B. McNulta, Joseph G.
Cannon, John R. Eden, James S. Mar-
tin, William R. Morrison, Greenbury
L. Fort, Granville Barriere, William H.
Ray, Isaac Clements, Samuel S. Mar-
shall.

Forty-fourth, 1875-76 Bernard G.
Caulfield, Carter H. Harrison, Charles
B. Farwell, Stephen A. Hurlburt, Hora-
tio C. Burchard, Thomas J. Henderson,
Alexander Campbell, Greenbury L.
Fort, Richard H. Whiting, John C.
Bagby, Scott Wike, William M. Springer,
Adlai E. Stevenson, Joseph G. Cannon,
John R. Eden, W. A. J. Sparks, Wil-
liam R. Morrison, William Hartzell,
William B. Anderson.

Forty-fifth, 1877-78 William Aldrich,
Carter H. Harrison, Lorenzo Brentano,
AVilliam Lathrop, Horatio C. Burchard,
Thomas J. Henderson, Philip C. Hayes
Greenbury L. Fort, Thomas A. Boyd,
Benjamin F. Marsh, Robert M. Knapp,
William M. Springer, Thomas F. Tip-
ton, Joseph G. Cannon, John R. Eden,

W. A. J. Sparks, William R. Morrison,
William Hartzell, Richard W. Town-
shend.

Forty-sixth, 1879-80 William Aid-
rich, George R. Davis, Hiram Barber,
John C. Sherwin, R. M. A. Hawk,
Thomas J. Henderson, Philip C. Hayes,
Greenbury L. Fort, Thomas A. Boyd,
Benjamin F. Marsh, James W. Single-
ton, William M. Springer, A. E. Steven-
son, Joseph G. Cannon, Albert P. For-
sythe, W. A. J. Sparks, William R.
Morrison, John R. Thomas, R. W. Town-
shend.

Forty-seventh,1881-82 William Aid-
rich, George R. Davis, Charles B. Far-
well, John C. Sherwin, Robert M. A.
Hawk, Thomas J. Henderson, William
Cullen, Lewis E. Payson, John H.
Lewis, Benjamin F. Marsh, James W.
Singleton, William M. Springer, Diet-
rich C. Smith, Joseph G. Cannon, Samuel
W. Moulton, W. A. J. Sparks, William
R. Morrison, John R. Thomas, R. W.
Townshend.

Forty-eighth Ransom W. Dunham,
John F. Finerty, George R. Davis,
George E. Adams, Reuben Ellwood,
Robert R. Hilt, Thomas J. Henderson,
William Cullen, Lewis E. Payson,
Nicholas E. Worthington, William H.
Neece, James M. Riggs, William M.
Springer, Jonathan H. Rowell, Joseph
G. Cannon, Aaron Shaw, Samuel W.
Moulton, William R. Morrison, R. W.
Townshend, John R. Thomas.

Forty-ninth Ransom W. Dunham,
Francis Lawler, James H. Ward, George
E. Adams, Reuben Ellwood, Robert R.
Hilt, Thomas J. Henderson, Ralph
Plumb, Lewis E. Payson, Nicholas E.
Worthington, William H. Neece, James

HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.

M. Biggs, William M. Springer, Jona-
than H. Rowell, Joseph G. Cannon,
Silas Z. Landes, John E. Eden, William
R. Morrison, Richard W. Townshend,
John R. Thomas.

Only three-fourths of a century ago,
the territory of Illinois was organized,
with a population estimated at 9,000;
to-day, it numbers more than three and
one-half millions a greater number
than in all the colonies during the revo-
lution. When organized, 1 steamboats
had never traversed its waters ; railroads,
telegraphs and telephones were un-
known; to-day, every navigable stream
is alive with vessels, carrying her pro-
ducts to other lands; while railroads
traverse every county and almost every
township in the state; while the num-
.ber of miles of telegraph wire would
probably encircle the globe,and the tele-
phone is placed in many thousands of
homes, enabling their inmates to con-
verse intelligibly with parties at a dis-
tance of many miles. Then the light
that shone out of darkness was only the
tallow dip, or that furnished from blaz-
ing logs in the old-fashioned fire-places;

to-day, after having displaced the tallow
dip, the candle and the common house-
lamp, the darkness of night is pene-
trated by the glare of gas, and the
bright rays of the electric light, rivaling
the light of day. Then agriculture was
in its infancy, it being possible with the
machinery then used, only to raise suf-
ficient crops to supply the wants of
those lying within its boundary; to-day,
with the improved plows, the self -bind-
ing reaper, the steam thresher, and
other improved machinery, Illinois can
feed a nation of 50,000,000 of people.
Then the newspaper was a rare visitor
in the household; to-day, the humblest
citizen can scarcely exist without his
daily and weekly paper. Then knowl-
edge was possessed by few; to-day, by
means of free schools, well endowed
colleges and other influences, there is
no excuse for living ignorant. But time
would fail to compare the advantages of
to-day over the first decade of the pres-
ent century, and the student of history,
as he reads of the progress made, can
only wonder what the future will reveal.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

McDoNOUGH COUNTY,

ILLINOIS.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.

To nearly every thinking mind the
study of history is one of peculiar pleas-
ure and enjoyment. The sage and
scholar poring over a dusty tome, draws
from the details of a vanished past the
lessons of to-day. The fiery mind of
youth receives from its pure well the in-
spiration for bright and noble deeds
that oft bear the fruit of name and fame.
The politician, too, can therein see the
rocks and shoals that have wrecked so
many a noble craft, and can steer his
bark into safety's haven by its glow.

All history, if properly written, is in-
teresting; and there is not a country, or
a city, or a hamlet nay, it might be
said, not a family or an individual on the
globe whose history might not be more
or less valuable to posterity.

From those days called ancient, away
back in the dim and misty past, -when
the human race first arrived at a state of
intelligence sufficient to enable them to
transmit a traditionary account of them-
selves, all along down " the dim corri-
dors of recorded time " our ancestors
have left in various ways, and by differ-
ent means, information, more or less
mythical and fabulous, of the age and
generation in which they played their
ephemeral part on the world's ever
changing theater of action. It is graven
in bronze on the wonderful works of the
central nations of Africa, around those
" dim fountains of the Nile;" the grey
old pyramids in the valley of 'that clas-
sic river are covered with the demotic
and hieroglyphical language of the past.

HISTOKY OF McDONOITGH COUNTY.

The vast and mighty " palaces and piles
stupendous," heavy with the dust of un-
known centuries, that bewilder the trav-
eler amid Egypt's drifting sands, upon
the plains of the Tigris and Euphrates,
and hidden' away in the jungles of the
Indies; the gigantic ruins of Central
and Southern America, under the snow-
capped Cordilleras, and among the pro-
lific forests of Yucatan; the seamed and
wrinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in
Mexico and California, and the ten
thousand crumbling evidences of a pow-
erful and advanced civilization scattered
throughout the great valley of the Mis-
sissippi, all bear testimony to the count-
less attempts to transmit knowledge to
posterity.

The written history of the American
Continent dates back scarcely four cen-
turies, yet within that comparatively
short period its pages have garnered
from her hills and mountains, from her
grand rivers and mighty inland seas, val-
uable additions to the world's stock of
knowledge.

Like the Eastern Continent, our own
has its historic points, its nuclei around
which cluster the memories of heroic
deeds, the story of martyrs, and the le-
gends of a barbarous past. St. Augus-
tine, Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, Que-
bec, Montreal, Boston, New York, Phila-
delphia and Detroit, are localities about
which gather volumes of history.

A recital of these chain the attention
and inflame the imagination of the care-
ful student, as he slowly peruses its
pages, and lives over again the deeds of
those that have left such "footprints in
the sands of time" as excite the emula-
tion of all good people.

If this is true of general history, the
annals of the long ago, in distant climes,
among a strange people, how much more
interesting it must be to peruse the
pages of local history the chronicle of
the birth and development of our homes,
the history of the people with whom we
have an acquaintance, the record of the
development of the towns, the buildings,
the institutions that surround us and
that we have known for years when on
each page we can scan the rise and
growth of some familiar landmark in our
own lives, or watch Avith pride the career
of some one loved and dear.

It is the aim of this w r ork to collect and
preserve in enduring and popular form
some of the facts of the early settlement
and subsequent growth of a great county
of a grand state. The families whose
ancestors were early on the ground, and
whose members have made the county
what it is are worthy of remembrance,
and it is the intention to rescue them
from the dust of oblivion.

The hands upon the dial of time had
scarcely pointed to the last hour of the
third decade of the present century
when first the foot of civilized man
pressed the virgin soil of McDonough
county. Before that era this bright
land was a vast, unbroken wilderness,
whose only inhabitants were the birds
and beasts, and their scarcely less wild
congener, the nomad Indian of the plains,
who here found a hunting ground,
oftimes a place of battle and a red
grave. To the untutored savage, who
lived but in the present, the thought
that the " palefaces " would penetrate
this beautiful country occurred not to
disturb his dreams, and he continued on

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

with his daily life of hunting and fish-
ing, and only varied the monotony of his
lazy existence by a short, but bloody,
passage-at-arms with some rival tribe.
But the time must come when he must
surrender this lovely heritage of his
fathers and move onward to the sunset
land, to give place to the hated white
man. The time was soon to come when
all nature must be changed; when the
fair prairies with their gorgeous flowers
and emerald sod must be broken up by
the husbandman, and grain fit for
the uses of civilized man sown therein.
Sixty years ago the soil was as yet un-
vexed by the plow, and the woodman's
ax had never been heard ; the rude cabin
of the settler with its smoke curling
heavenward, with an air inviting the
weary traveler to come and rest, was
totally wanting in the broad landscape,
and there was not even the slightest
trace of the coming civilization noth-
ing but emerald seas and luxuriant
grasses.

"These, the gardens of the desert these
The unshorn fields, boundless and beautiful,
As the young earth ere mail had sinned.

Lo! they stretch
In airy undulations far away,
As though the ocean, in the gentlest swell,
Stood still, with all its rounded billows fixed,
And motionless forever."

But these beautiful prairies that but a
few short years ago lay basking 'neath a
summer sun, without a trace of human
habitation upon their broad bosoms, are
now covered with fertile farms, thriving
villages, commodious mansions and busy
towns. The wilderness has been changed
into the abode of man and the home of
civilization. And the annals of the men
and the times that wrought this wonder-

ful transformation, it is the duty as well
as the pleasure of the historian to collect
and jot down upon these pages, so that
when these heroes of the frontier shall
have passed onward to their " great re-
ward " they shall have left these lines
behind them as monuments to mark
their memories monuments more en-
during than stone or brass, even were
their epitaphs written in letters of gold.
Even while they live, the recital of
those early days when first they "stuck
their stakes" in this their land of prom-
ise, the changes from the then to now
will come uppermost in their minds, and
the contrast will afford some food for
thought. In those by-gone days the
road hither was long and tedious, no
roads, no bridges ; the only mode of cross-
ing the numerous streams that mean-
dered across the path of the pilgrim was
by fording or swimming. The only mode
of transportation was the covered wagon,
within whose protecting hood was packed
the courageous wife and mother with her
little ones, together with the few articles
of furniture thought necessary to begin
life in the "far west." Letters from the
dear ones, left in the home-nest, were
like the proverbial angel's visits, "Few
and far between." Entering upon pos-
session of their new-found home, after
"the labor, keen and arduous, of the
father and husband had been rewarded
by the completion of the humble cot,
built of the primeval logs, the family
settled down to the hardships and scant
fare of pioneer life. No labor-saving
machinery was there in those days to
lighten the work in husbandry or domes-
tic economy, only heavy manual labor,
with the crudest of tools. No conven-

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ient mill or store at which to purchase
the necessities of life, when "reluctant
nature withheld her smile" and crops
failed to meet the emergency. These
were but a tithe of the trials and incon-
veniences of a new settlement, but how
changed to-day. In place of the weary
journey through mud, or dust, or drifted
snow, thirty or forty miles to mill or dis-
tant village for provision, the only means
of transport, the slow-paced oxen, or
scarcely faster plodding farm-horse, now
the iron steed of commerce, with rush and
roar,dashes up almost to the door step of
the farmer, and towns and villages with
stores and mills dot these verdant hills
and plains. Conveniences are brought-
to their very homes, and the mails, that
were many weeks on their way in the
past, now are hardly cold from the hands
of the loved ones in the -"old home" ere
they are in the hands of the receiver.
Ye newer-comers, compare, in your
minds, the rude appliances of early days,
both in the farm implements and the
domestic helps to the labors of both man
and wife ; contrast the horse-power
thresher with the flail; the scythe and
cradle with the self -binding harvester;
the sewing machine with its humble
sister, the needle, and thousands of other
innovations and improvements with the
makeshifts and ruder implements of
former times.

The heroes and heroines of the early
days, for women met the same fate with
as bold a front as the sterner sex, have
earned their place in history, and it is
but meet that they should occupy it.

A history of the people is, par excel-
lence, the history of the state, the nation
or the county, and in these pages the

people shall fill the prominent place.
The annals of the lives of these, the
"Pilgrim Fathers" of McDonough county
have within them all the elements of
tragedy or comedy, and the story of their
conflict with nature and the vicissitudes
of pioneer life shall be the principal
theme of this history.

Thousands of facts are herein record-
ed, and individual sketches of hundreds
of citizens,' living and dead, are here
placed in enduring form. These men
and women are, or have been, actors in
the drama of the settlement and develop-
ment of McDonough county. By insert-
ing these sketches, in addition to other
matter, is preserved, not only the recital
of historic fact, but a subcurrent of in-
dividual deeds that run through it, like
some minor .chord in the grand melody,
giving a realism to the narrative which
could be imparted in no other way.

The first place in a history of this
class necessarily begins with the first
settlers, the hardy pioneers who first
broke the way for civilization into these
pristine wastes. The pioneers! how
that word strikes a responsive chord in
every bosom how at its sound we con-
jure up the bold, hardy and adventurous
father of a family packing up a few in-
dispensables and turning his back upon
the parent roof -tree, all its conveniences
and luxuries, and plunging into a savage
and untried wilderness, far in advance
of the hosts of civilization, there to carve
him out a new home. Bugged men,
with nerves and muscles of steel, and
hearts bold as the Yikings of old, they
merit our fullest admiration of their
heroism, for heroic it was, this defying
of nature in her wildest moods. Let,

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

then, the tablets of history bear their
names, that when, in a few short years,
they have been called to the land of the
hereafter, their deeds and actions perish
not with them, and that coming genera-
tions may have ever before them the
bright examples of these noble men.

Rough were they in many cases, and
uncouth, yet in them lies the true nobil-
ity that lifts a man from an ignomini-
ous position and places him upon a high
pedestal. Burns, the Scottish poet,
truly says:

"The rank is but the guinea's stamp,
The gold the gold for all that."

And although in many cases these
bold pioneers were men of limited edu-
cation and little social training, men
who would be out of place in the gilded
salons of society, or the silken boudoir
of beauty, still they were possessors of a
noble manhood that is the monopoly of
no race or caste. Then honor to these
noble men, and women, too, that first
made a settlement on the wild prairies
and in the timber of McDonough county ;
and here planted the seeds that have
grown into such a flourishing commun-
ity; that have had a prominent hand in
making it what it is.

When these argonauts first came here
they were completely isolated from their
kind. No railroads, and, in fact, no
roads of any kind, connected them with
the far-away land of their Idn. No
house in which to dwell until they could
rear their humble log cabin, no neigh-
bors to render aid in sickness or trouble,
no one to close their eyes in death
alone. Life with them was not all a
rosy dream, but a hard and bitter strug-
gle with want, penury and privation, and

the wonder is that they should still be
spared to us, after almost a life-time of
toil and conflict; but still many of them
linger this side of the grave. Let us
then hasten, and inclining the ear, listen
to their tales of bygone days, the story
of their lives, the description of their
acts during the heroic age, that history
may inscribe them upon her tablets, a
monument, when they are gone, more
enduring than stone or bronze.

The men of to-day, hardy sons of
heroic sires, prominent in official or in
commercial circles, also deserves a place
in history, for "each day we live, we
are making history," and the details of
the rise and growth of the business in-
"terests of the county are not without
their value in observations on the grad-
ual rise of this section from barbarism
and a wilderness to the teeming farm
lands, interspersed with cities, towns
and villages, as we now find it.

These old settlers must be gathered
unto their fathers; the men so full of
business and activity to-day must go
down into the grave ; the youth and bud-
ding maiden, rise to manhood and
womanhood, linger and decay, and even
children that now linger 'round their
parents' knee, .give place to other people
and other things. Then the value of
history will be better understood, when
all these actors upon the stage of life
have lain down,
"With patriarchs of the infant world, with

kings,

Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,
All in one mighty sepulchre."

Then posterity will hail with gladness
these annals of the times and deeds of
their forefathers, that they may pattern
after their noble sires.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

CHAPTER II.

GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES.

McDonough county is one of the
western subdivisions of the state of
Illinpis, being contigous to Henderson
and Warren counties, which bound it on
the north, by Fulton on the east, Schuy-
ler on the south, aud Hancock on the
west. It comprises sixteen congres-
sional townships, from 4 to 7 north,
inclusive, of range 1 to 4 west of the
fourth principal meridian, inclusive, and
contains 576 square miles, -or 368,640
acres. This forms a perfect square of
twenty-four miles each way, divided into
eighteen civil townships, whose size
varies from thirty-six square miles
downward. Of all this vast expanse of
territory above, 300,000 acres are
adapted to a high state of cultivation,
and the balance, being covered by wood-
land, marsh, slough or watercourse, is
not without a surface value, while
underlying every foot of it, the "dusky
diamonds" of the coal measures may be
found.

The surface of McDonough county is
diversified with belts of timber and
pellucid streams. These streams take a
southwesterly course without any excep-
tion, the general trend of the land being
in that direction. The principal streams
are Crooked, Camp, grindstone, Trou-
blesome and Spring creeks. The head

waters of Crooked creek can hardly be
determined. In Prairie City township
rises a small stream which has been
known for fifty years as Drowning Fork
of Crooked creek. This stream passes
down near the town of Bardolph, where
it is joined by another fork, and the two
combined form a considerable stream,
which has been given the name of
Crooked creek, from its being in fact
what its name implies. In all the old
maps published this stream is known as
the Lamoine river a French word
meaning "the monk." It is generally
surmised, though not certainly known,
that in the very early settlement of this
country, when the French Catholics oc-
cupied it for the purpose of converting
the Indians to the Catholic religion, the
priests gave it this name. In the origi-
nal field notes of the United States sur-
vey for McDonough county it is marked
Lamine river. In its tortuous course
through the county, it passes through
the townships of Prairie City, Bushnell,
Macomb, Emmet, Chalmers, Colchester,
Tennessee and Lamoine. In the early
days a great many mills were erected
upon this stream, but all have been torn
down or left to the decay of time.

Camp creek has its head waters in
New Salem township, emerging from

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

which it courses through Scotland, In-
dustry and. Bethel townships, uniting
with Grindstone creek within the boun-
daries of the latter.

Grindstone creek was originally named
Turkey creek, from the fact that at ce,r-
tain seasons^large flocks of wild turkeys
were found there. A party of men from
Schuyler county, finding upon its banks
a good quality of stone for grindstones
gave it its present name. Its head-waters
'are in Eldorado township. It passes
through Industry, and joins Camp creek
in Bethel township.

Troublesome creek is a small stream
having its rise in Scotland township,
from whence it passes through Chalmers,
touching Tennessee, and then into La-
moine township, where it joins Crooked
creek. A government surveyor, after
making vain efforts to effect a crossing,
remarked that "it was the most trouble-
some stream he ever saw." Its banks
are almost perpendicular its entire
length, although the stream is but a few
feet wide, and without bridges, it is a
very "troublesome creek."

Spring creek is another small stream
rising in Sciota township, passing
through Emmet, joining Crooked creek
on the line dividing the two townships.
As its name implies, its origin or source
is from springs bursting forth from the
earth.

A minute account of the soil, surface
features, and lesser water courses, will
be found in connection with the histo-
ries of the various townships, further on.

Among the principal productions of
the agriculture parts of McDonough
county, are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley,
potatoes, buckwheat, and hay. Corn of

course take precedence, here as else-
where, as being the most profitable and
best adapted to the soil.

WEALTH.

The following tables will give some
idea of the growth and development of
the county, in a material respect. A table
of the values of all classes of property
for every year, were they obtainable, would
be of great value, but in their absence,
these reports will trace the increase of
the people in wealth and property. The
only reports we have of early years show
that in 1830, the personal property of
the inhabitants of the county was valued
at $26,742. In 1835, the personal prop-
erty had increased in value to $109,714.

1850.

Value of lands exclusive of town lots... $982,350

" " town lots 71,761

" " personal property 346.609

Total valuation of the county $1,400,780

1856 No. Valued at.

Horses... 5,762 $417,604

Neat cattle 15,969 265,407

Mules arid asses 348 81,352

Sheep 11,282 16,613

Hogs 29,453 74,826

Carriages aud wagons.... 2,261 93,179

Clocks aud watches 2,252 16,186

Pianos 11 2,250

Goods and merchandise 121,479

Bankers property 80

Manufactured articles 3,411

Moneys and credits 279,504

Bonds, stocks, etc 100

Unenumerated property 773,981

Aggregate $2,095,972

Lands $2,328,390

Town lots 288,962 2,617,352

Real and personal property .$4,713,324

Tax levied $65,982.58

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

1858.
Value of real estate exclusive of

town lots $3,769,415

Value of town lots 615,654

Value of personal property .'.... 1,339,795

Value of railroad property 482,936

Total valuation of the county f 6,207,800

1881.

No. Value.

Horses 8,196 $265,842

Neat cattle 17,683 120,618

Mules and asses 690 27,349

Sheep 9,358 9,410

Hogs 47,483 102,807

Carriages and wagons 3>069 68,143

Clocks and watches ....... 2,938 8,801

Pianos 21 1^854

Goods and merchandise .'. 66,667

Bankers' brokers' and stock jobbers'

property 30

Manufactured articles 6,306

Moneys and credits 134,426

Bonds, stocks, etc 470

Uuenumerated property ' 118,015

Aggregate $930,738

Deductions 45,910

Total value of personal property ... ^$884,828

Railroad property $400,543

Lands, exclusive of town

lots 2,307,565

Town Lots 447,265

Total value of real property... $3,155,373

Total valuation of real and

personal property $4,040,201

Total tax levied 37,865.75

Acres in cultivation : wheat, 35,589 ; corn,
78,945 ; other products, 15,585.

1865.

Value of land exclusive of town
lots $2,514,854

Value of town Jots... 523,888

" " railroad property 183,137

11 " personal prop'ty,stock,

etc 1,419,560

Total valuation of the county ..$4,641,439

1868.

Value of lands exclusive of town

lots $3,260,872

Valueof town lots 738,463

" " railroad property 306,793

" " personal property 1,575,402

Total valuation of the comity $5,881,530

1871.

Value of lands exclusive of town
lots $2,812,610

Valueof town lots 438,689

" " railroad property 350,308

" " personal property 742,678

Total value of property $4,342,276

1873.

Value of lands $10,731,833

41 " town lots 1,781,116

" " railroad 1,890,838

' " personal property 4,413,1)28

Total valuation of the couuty.$18,516,815

1875.

Value of farm lauds, etc $8,817,400

" "town lots 1,620,250

" " railroad property 738,862

" " personal property 1,935,082

Total valuation of the county ..$14,947, 390

1876.

Valueof farm lands, etc $8,532,325

" " town lots 1,493,394

" " personal property 3,678,798

" " railroad property 738,862

Total valuation of the county..$14,443,379

1882.

Lands, except town lots $5,609,000

Town property 1,025,087

Railroad property 1, 198

Personal property 2,634,434

Total assessed valuation $9,269,459

1884.

Lands, outside of town lots $5,193,116

Town and city lots 1,079,505

Personal property 2,312,756

Railroad property 582,242

Total $9,167,619

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

As will be observed, there is a vast
increase in 1873, but this is readily ac-
counted for by understanding that prior
to that year the assessments were made

on the basis of from one-third to one-
fifth cash value, but that year was inaug-
urated the present plan of making the
assessment on an estimated cash value.

CHAPTER III ,

GEOLOGY.

No apology is necessary for the quo-
tation of the following article on the
geology of McDonough county, from the
report of A. H. Worthen, state geolo-
gist. No man was more thoroughly
conversant with the subject, or so able
to treat of a matter which he had so ex-
haustively investigated. No history of
the county would be Complete without
it, and no one so qualified to give it
as he:

The geological formations appearing
at the surface in this county comprise
the quaternary, including the loess and
drift; the lower portions of the coal
measure, including the three lowest
seams of coal; and the St. Louis and
Keokuk divisions of the lower carboni-
ferous limestones.

The entire area of this county, except
the valleys of the streams, is covered
with beds of quaternary age, ranging
from thirty to a hundred feet or more in
thickness, and presenting the same gen-
eral features that have been given as
characteristics of this formation in the
reports of the adjoining counties. Good

natural exposures of these are but rarely
found here, and the observer is com-
pelled to rely mainly on such informa-
tion as can be obtained from the well
diggers, or others engaged in surface
excavations, as to their thickness and
general character. In the railroad cut
on the north bank of Crooked creek,
just below Colmar, the following section
of quaternary beds was seen:

Soil 1 to 2 feet.

Ash colored marley clay (loess)... 8 to 10 "

Reddish brown clay 5 "

Sand and gravel, partially strati-
fied 15 to 20 "

This exposure is considerably below
the general level of the prairie, and the
beds seem to have been subjected to
some shifting process since its original
deposition, giving to it the general char-
acteristics of "modified drift." In the
shafts of Colchester the drift clays gen-
erally range from thirty-five to forty
feet in thickness, and consist of buff or
brown clays, with gravel and boulders,
passing downward at some points into
blue clays, or "hard pan." Boulders of
metamorphic rocks, of various kinds,

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

and of all sizes up to a diameter of
two or three feet, are scattered in con-
siderable numbers in all the gulches and
streams that cut through the drift beds,
and are most abundant in the lower part
of the drift deposits. No indication of
the presence of an ancient soil under-
neath either the loess or drift, was seen
at any of the points visited in this
county; nor did we learn that it had
been observed by any one else. The
wells are seldom sunk to the bottom of
the drift, and hence afford no indications
of what may underlie the boulder clays.
At Bushnell a boring for coal passed
through 112 feet of these quaternary
deposits before reaching the bed rocks,
in the following order:

Feet

No. 1. Soil 2

N o. 2. Yellow clay 12

No. 3. Sand ; 2

No. 4. Blue boulder clay 61

No. 5. Blue and yellow sand 35

Total 112

This is probably twice as much as the
average thickness of the deposits in this
county the drill having evidently pene-
trated an old valley, where from 60 to
70 feet of coal measure strata had been
removed by erosion, and the valley thus
formed subsequently filled with the
transported material. The average
thickness of the drift deposits probably
does not exceed 50 feet.

COAL MEASURES.

All the uplands in the county are un-
derlaid by the coal measures except a
limited area on Crooked creek, in the
southwestern corner of the county, em-
bracing nearly the whole of township 4

north, range 4 west (Lamoine), and the
southwestern portion of township 5
north, range 4 west (Tennessee). The
beds composing the lower portions of
the coal measures, as they are developed
in this county, give the following sec-
tions:

Feet.
No. 1. Sandstone and sandy shales, partly

ferruginous 20 to 30

No. 2. Band of calcareous shale, with lentic-
ular masses of dark blue limestone
containing Cardiomorpha Missou-

riensis 2 to 3

No. 3. CoalNo.3 2 to 3

No. 4. Sandy shale and soft sandstone 35 to 40

No. 5. Bluish clay shale, filled with fossil

ferns Y 2 to 2

No. 6. CoalNo.2 ' 2 to 2>/ 2

No. 7. Bituminous fire clay 2

No. 8. Gray clay shale 6

No. 9. Septaria limestone 3

No. 10. Variegated shales, purple, yellow

andblue 18 to 20

No. 11. Sandstone passing locally into

shale 10 to 15

No. 12. Coal No. 1. sometimes replaced with

slate or blue shale 1 to 3

No. 13. Fire clay, sometimes" replaced by

sandy shale 2 to 3

No. 14. Quartzose sandstone, conglomerate 5 to 20

These beds have a maximum thickness
of about 150 feet, and consequently a
boring anywhere in the county, carried
down to a depth of two hundred feet from
the surface, would pass entirely through
the coal measures, and determine the
amount of coal that could be found at
that point. No coal seam is worked at
the present time, except No, 2, or the
Colchester coal; and it seemed to us
quite probable that neither 1 nor 3 is
developed in the county so as to be of
any value to the industrial interests of
its people. In the vicinity of Colchester,
limestone and calcareous shale usually
found above coal No. 3 .out-crops in the
brakes of the ravines west of the town,
but no indications of the presence of
coal was seen. The concretionary or

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

lenticular masses of dark blue limestone
were found quite abundant here, and
they afforded Cardiomorpha, Missouri-
ensis in great numbers, associated with
Discina nitida, Productus muricatus^
P. Prattenianus, Pleurotomaria sphser-
ulata, Aviculopecten rectalaterarea, two
or three species of small Goniatites, fos-
sil wood, and the spine of a fish Listra-
canchus hystrix. We also obtained from
one of these limestone concretions, asso-
ciated with the fossil wood above men-
tioned, a fossil fruit, shaped somewhat
like an elongated pecan nut, the rela-
tions of which have not yet been deter-
mined. These limestone concretions
have been found in Fulton and Schuyler
counties overlaying coal No. 3, and af-
fording most of the species of fossil
shells obtained from it here; so that
there seems scarcely a doubt but that it
here represents the horizon of that coal.
It is quite probable that in the eastern,
and especially in the southeastern por-
tion of the county, coal No. 3 may be
found sufficiently developed to be worked
to advantage. The shale and sandstone
above this coal, No. 1 of the foregoing
section, we only saw in the vicinity of
Colchester, where about ten feet in
thickness of sandy, ferruginous shales
overlay the limestone concretion above
mentioned. No. 4 of the foregoing sec-
tion is well exposed on the ravines lead-
ing into the east fork of Crooked creek,
west of Colchester, but it is everywhere
a sandy shale, with some thin layers of
sandstone, but affords no material of any
economical value. The calcareous shale
associated with the limestone in No, 2 of
the above section is, at some points near
Colchester, quite full of small fossil

shells, among which the Spirifer plano-
convexus was the most abundant, asso-
ciated with S. lineatus, Chonetes meso-
loba, Productus muricatus, Pleuroto-
maria, Grayvillensis, a small Macro-
cheilus, and fragments of a Nautilus.

No. 5 of the above section forms the
roof of the Colchester coal, and is a true
clay shale at the bottom, and locally
quite bituminous, becoming sandy higher
up, and gradually passes into the sandy
shales of No. 4. It contains ironstone
concretions similar to those at Mazon
creek and Murphysboro, though usually
not so perfectly formed, and they con-
tain fossil ferns of the same species found
at those localities. The shales also are
filled with beautiful ferns, in a remark-
ably fine state of preservation; and this
locality may be reckoned as one among
the best in the state for collecting these
beautiful relics of an ancient vegetable
world. Two specimens of fossil insects
and two or three species of shells have
been found associated with the fossil
ferns of this locality. The following list
comprises all the species of fossil plants
that have been identified at Colchester
to the present time: Neuropteris hirsuta,
N. tenuifolia, N. rarinervis, Alethopteris
aquilina, Callipteris Sullivantii, Pecop-
teris squamosa, P. villosa, P. unita, P.
plumosa, P. chserophylloides, Sphenop-
teris irregularis, S. trifoliata, Hymeno-
phyllites alatus, H. Spinosus,, H. splen-
dens, H. Gutbierianus, H. thallyformis,
Cordaites borassifolia, C. angustifolia,
Spenophyllum Schlotheimii, S. emargin-
atum, S. cornutum, Annularia longifolia,
A. sphenophylloides, Asterophyllites
equisetiformus, Calamites ramosus, C.
approximates, C. undulatus, Selaginites

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

uncinnatus, S. carifolius, Lepidodendron
diplotegioides, L. simplex, L. obovatum,
L. gracile, Ulodendron majus, U. ellipti-
cum, Lepidophloios ol)cordatum, Lepi-
dostrobus princeps, Lepidophyllum au-
riculatum, Sigillaria monostigma, Stig-
maria ficoides, S. umbonata, Pinnularia
capillacea, Caulopteris obtecta, C. acan-
tophora, Carpolithes multistriatus. Ow-
ing to the thinness of the coal, the roof
shales are removed in driving the en-
tries to the mines, thus affording a fine
opportunity for collecting the many
beautiful fossil plants that they contain.
The thickness of the coal at this locality
varies from twenty-four to thirty inches,
and at the level of the prairie it lies from
seventy-five to ninety feet below tjie sur-
face. On all the branches west of Col-
chester the coal out-crops, and is worked
by tunneling into the hillsides. The
city of Quincy, as well as most of the
small towns along the Chicago, Burling-
ton and Quincy railroad south of Bush-
nell, have for many years derived their
supplies of coal mainly from the Col-
chester mines.

In the vicinity of Macomb the Colches-
ter coal seam has not yet been found of
sufficient thickness to be worked. About
a mile and a half southwest of the town
a thin coal out-crops above the sandstone
quarries of Mr. Stewart, which I am in-
clined to regard as the Colchester seam,
though it is here only about one foot in
thickness. This may, however, be an
out-crop of the lower seam number one,
but from the appearance of the sand-
stone I believe it to be number two,
thinned out here to about one-half its
usual thickness.

In the vicinity of Colchester a very

good sandstone is found below the coal,
and from ten to- fifteen feet in thickness.
It is number eleven of the foregoing
section. This I believe to be the equiva-
lent of the sandstone at Stewart's, and
the old McLean quarries near Macomb.
A section of the beds exposed in the
vicinity of these quarries show the fol-
lowing succession of strata:

Thin coal 1 foot.

Shaly clay 2 feet.

Thin-bedded sandstone 1 to 6

Massive sandstone 10 to 12

Bituminous shale (coal No. 1). 4

Carbonate of iron.: ,. %

Fireclay %

Bituminous slate or shale %

Shale 5

The horizon of coal number one is
here occupied by bituminous shales and
a six inch band of carbonate of iron.
In the vicinity of Colchester, at most of
the out-crops we examined, the same
horizon was represented by dark blue
shales ( No. 12 of the section previously
given) containing nodules of iron ore
inclosing crystals of zinc blende. On
the southwest quarter of section 24,
town 5 north, range 4 west, ( Tennessee )
the following beds were found exposed
in connection with coal number one.

Shaly sandstone

Coal No. 1

Fire clay not exposed
Shaly sandstone

St. Louis limestone

4 feet.
2 "

16 "

Although we did not "find this lower
coal developed at any of the exposures
examined in the vicinity of Colchester,
yet it was found by Mr. Horrocks at his
tile and fire-brick kiln, not more than a
mile from the town, and was struck in
one of the pits sunk for fire-clay. It

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

was found to be about a foot in thickness
only, and was associated with an excel-
lent fire-clay, and was here about forty-
five feet below coal number two. Below
Horrick's brick and tile kiln on the same
stream a band of ferruginous sandstone,
or rather sandy iron ore, was found,
about six inches in thickness, filled with
fossil shells, among which a large Dis-
cina was the most abundant, associated
with Hemipronites crenistria, Athyris
subtilita, Spirifer opimus, S. Kentuck-
ensis, and some other undetermined
species. This was no doubt a local
deposit, and probably represents the
band of iron ore occurring in Schuyler
and Fulton counties, associated with coal
number one. This band of iron ore oc-
curs just at the junction of beds num-
bered 13 and 14 of the general section of
the coal-bearing strata, on a preceding
page.

On section 24, town 5 north, range 4
west [Tennessee], southwest quarter of
the section, a coal seam was opened as
early as 1853, when we first visited this
county, on land then owned by Mr.
Lowry. The coal was from eighteen
inches to two feet in thickness, overlaid
by a few feet of shaly sandstone. Be-
low the bed -of coal there was
about sixteen feet of sandstone exposed,
and a short distance up the creek a con-
cretionary limestone is exposed, under-
lying the sandstone. This I have no
doubt is the lower coal (No. 1), and will
no doubt be found at many points in the
county, ranging from one to three feet
in thickness.

At this time coal was also dug on Mr.
Thompson's place, on the northeast
quarter of section 16, town 4 north,

range 3 west [Bethel]. The seam at
this point was thirty inches thick, but
was only exposed in the bed of the
creek, with no out-crop of the associate
beds. This is also, without doubt, the
lower seam, as the concretionary mem-
ber of the St. Louis limestone was
found out-cropping on the creek a short
distance below where the coal was found.
On the northwest quarter of section 33,
town 4 north, range 3 west [Bethel], a
coal seam was opened and worked in
1858 on land then owned by J. Stone-
king. The coal was worked by " strip-
ping " in the bed of a small creek, and
the coal ranged from eighteen to twenty
inches in thickness, and was overlaid by
about two feet of gray shale.

These two lower seams also out-crop
on Job's creek, near Blandinsville, and
have been worked from the first settle-
ment of the county. They out-crop also
on nearly all the tributaries on the east
fork of Crooked creek, and probably
underlie at least seven-eighths of the en-
tire area of the county. They seldom
attain a thickness of three feet, how-
ever, in this portion of the state, but
they are nowhere more than one hun-
dred to one hundred and seventy-five
feet below the surface of the general
level of the prairie. No. 3, if developed
anywhere in the county, will probably be
found in the eastern range of townships,
and would be the first seam reached in
sinking a shaft or boring from the prai-
rie level.

At Bushnell, a boring for coal at the
steam mill passed through the following
beds, as represented by those in charge
of the work :

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

1. Soil 2 feet.

2. Yellow clay 12* "

3. Sand 2

4. Blue clay with boulders 61 "

5. Blue and yellow sand 35 "

6. Sandstone 5 "

7. Clay shale V-/ 2 "

8. Black shale 1^ "

9. Gray shale 34 "

10. Limestone 9 "

11. Shale 1

163

The beds numbered 1 to 5 inclusive
belong to the drift, and shown an aggre-
gate thickness of one hundred and
twelve feet, indicating the existence of
an old valley here, in which the coal
measures have been cut away down to a
point below the horizon of the Colches-
ter coal, and which was subsequently
filled with drift deposits, and conse-
quently that coal which should have been
found at a depth of fifty to seventy feet
' below the surface at this point, was not
met with at all. The limestone No. 10
of the above sections is probably the
bed overlaying the Seaville coal. The
extent and direction of this old valley
we have no data for determining at the
present time, but it is probably a lateral
arm of the Spoon river valley, and most
probably trends southeastwardly into
the valley of that stream. At Prairie
City a boring was carried down to a
depth of 227 feet, passing through the
following beds, as reported by Mr. T. L.
Magee:

1. Soil and drift clays 36 feet.

2. Clay shale or " soapstorie " 16 "

3. Black shale ^ "

4. Coal No. 2 \Y Z "

5. Fireclay 4

6. Shale and sandstone.., 12 "

7. Clay shale 38

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Hard rock (limestone) ................. 11

Shale ....................................... 4

White flint .................. .............. 1

Shale.. ..................................... 10

Coal No. 1 ................................ 3

Fireclay ........................ ; ......... 6

Hard rock ................................. 5

Clay shale. ................................ 8

Sandstone .................................. 4

Dark gray shale ........................ 8

Clay shale (light colored) ......... 14

Limestone (St. Louis bed) ............

feet.

227

In the foregoing sections the beds
numbered from -2 to 18 inclusive belong
to the Coal Measures, and include the
two lower coals. No, 19 is undoubtedly
the St. Louis limestone which outcrops
on Spoon river just below Seaville,
about eight miles east of Prairie City.
At Lawrence's mound, at an elevation
considerably above the surface where the
above boring was made, a coal seam
three feet in thickness was found in
digging a well, which was probably No.
3, occurring here as an outlier left by
the denuding forces which swept it away
from the surrounding region. It lay im-
mediately below the drift, with no roof
but gravel, and covered but a limited
area of ground.

At Macomb, a boring, carried to the
depth of about 160 feet, failed to find
any coal of sufficient thickness to be of
any economical value. From these ex-
periments, it would seem that the lower
coals in this county are not very uniform
in their development, and probably
neither No. 1 nor No. 3 will be found over
any considerable area thick enough to be
worked to advantage, while No. 2 is also
too thin to be worked at some points,
though it may be considered the most

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

persistent and reliable seani to be found
in this country, and is the one most gen-
erally worked, both at and near the town
of Colchester, and other places in this
county.

ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE.

This divisionof the Lower Carbonif-
erous series is probably nowhere in
this county more than fifty feet in
thickness, and consists,first, of a bed
of light-gray concretionary or brec-
ciated limestone, laying immediately
below the lower sandstone of the Coal
Measures; and secondly, of a magne-
sian limestone and some blue shales
or calcareous sandstones, constituting
what is sometimes called the " War-
saw limestone." On the east fork
of Crooked creek, a little north of west
from Colchester, the following sections
of these limestones may be seen:

No. 1 Brecciated light-grey limestone 5 to 20 feet.

No. 2 Calcareous sandstone, in regular beds . . 12 "
No. 3 Bluish shale 3 "

The magnesian bed, which usually
forms the base of this group, is below
the surface here and generally ranges
from eight to ten feet in thickness. The
brecciated limestone is very unevenly
developed, and often varies in thickness
in a short distance from five to twenty
feet or more. It rarely affords any fos-
sils except the common ccrals Lithostro-
tion canadense and L. proliferum, sil-
icious specimens of which are often
found weathered out along the creeks
where this limestone out-crops. No fos-
sils were seen in the calcareous sand-
stone, but the magnesian limestone that
out-crops lower down on the creek, and
underlies the blue shale in the above

section, usually contains a variety of
Bryozoans, among which are the Arch-
imides Wortheni, Polypora Varsoeiense,
Semicoscinium, Keyserlingi, etc.

KEOKUK LIMESTONE.

This is the lowest rock exposed in the
county, and is only found along the
bluffs of Crooked creek, in townships 4
and 5, range 4 west, (Lamoine and Ten-
nessee ). The upper part of this forma-
tion is usually a bluish calcareo argilla-
ceous shale, containing silicious geodes
either filled with a mass of crystaline
quartz, or hollow and lined within quartz
crystals, mammillary chalcedony, calcite
and dolomite. Below this geode bed
there is usually from thirty to forty feet
of cherty gray limestone, the layers
varying in thickness from a few inches
to two feet or more, and separated by
partings of shale. The limestone beds
consist mainly of the remains of organic
beings, the corals, the crinoids, and mol-
lusca that swarmed in countless numbers
in the primeval ocean ; and the old
quarries of limestone afford a rich field
for the student who desires to become
fully acquainted with the varied and
peculiar organic forms of this period.
South of Colmar the grade of the C., B.
&- Q: railroad cuts into the upper part of
this limestone to the depth of several
feet, and from the material thrown out
from this cut we obtained many speci-
mens of the characteristic fossils of this
limestone in an excellent state of pres-
ervation. The upper layers of the lime-
stone had been freely exposed to the
erosive action of the water during the
drift period, and many of the silicious
fossils were found completely weathered

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

out from the shaly limestones, and in a
most perfect state of preservation.
Among the fossils found at this locality,
were many specimens of Laphrentis
dalii, Spirifer Keokuk, S. lineatus, S.
sub-orbicularis, Agaricocrinus ameri-
cauus, Actinocrinus bi-turjbinatus, Cya-
thocrinus stellatus, Archimides, Owen-
ana, Hemipronites crenistria, Phillipsia,
Portlockii, several species of fish teeth,
etc. The lower portion of this limestone
is usually below the level of the creek
bottoms, but the upper portion is well
exposed on the main creek in township
4 north, range 4 west (Lamoine), and on
the east fork in township 5 north, range
4 west (Tennessee). In the region south
of Colmar the geodiferous shales and
the St. Louis limestone have all been re-
moved by denudation before the deposit
of the drift, and the boulder clays now
rest directly upon the upper part of the
Keokuk limestone. A complete section
of all the limestones below the coal
measures in this county would show the
following order of succession and thick-
ness:

Feet.

Light gray brecciated limestone 5 to 20

Calcareous sandstone 12

Magnesian limestone and shale 10 to 12

Geodiferous shales of the Keokuk bed. ..20. to 30
Light gray cherty limestone 30 to 40

ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY.

Coal

As may be seen from a perusal of the
foregoing pages, a large portion of this
county is underlaid with coal, and though
the seams that are found here are much
thinner than some of those that outcrop
in Schuyler and Fulton counties, yet
they have not only furnished an abun-

dant supply of coal for home consump-
tion, but for many years have furnished
many thousands of tons annually for
shipment south and west to the adjoin-
ing counties. The shipment from Col-
chester alone for the years 1866 and '67
was 'about 500,000 tons per annum, and
the product of the mines of that place
and vicinity has been constantly on the
increase. The coal obtained here is. of
an excellent quality, if taken out at
some distance from the outcrop, where
it has not been exposed to atmospheric
influences. The coal is tolerably hard,
bright, and comparatively free from
pyrite, and breaks freely into cubic *
blocks when mined.

An analysis of this coal by Mr. Henry
Pratten, as reported in Dr. Norwood's
"Analysis of Illinois Coals," gave the
following results;

Specific gravity 1,290

Loss in coking 41 .2

Total weight of coke 58.8

100.0

ANALYSIS.

Moisture 5.4

Volatile matters 35.8

Carbon in coke 56.8

Ashes (light gray) 2.0

100.0
Carbon in coal 60.10

This analysis shows this to be one of
the best coals in the state, and its free-
dom from pyrite has always made it a
favorite coal with blacksmiths of this
and adjoining counties. The coal from
the lower seam is usually harder than
that from the Colchester seam, and less
uniform in quality. Its thickness is also
more variable and frequently the coal is
wanting altogether, and its place occu-
pied by bituminous shales. Neverthe-

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

less, it sometimes attains a thickness of
three feet, as at Seaville, in Fulton
county, and the coal obtained there is of
a fair quality. It is quite probable that
this seam may be found in some of the
eastern townships in this county as thick
as it is at Seaville, and if so, it might be
worked to advantage, as its depth below
the surface would probably nowhere ex-
ceed two hundred feet.

No. 3, if found at all in this county,
would be met with in the uppermost lay-
ers of the bed rock, and immediately un-
derneath the boulder clays, except at a
few points, where it might be overlaid by
a few feet of sandstone or sandy shale.
It is less persistent in its development,
however, than either of those below it,
but its proper horizon may be readily
recognized by the dark blue limestone
and bituminous shales that are nearly
always present.

A boring carried down to the depth of
two hundred feet would probably pass
entirely through the coal measures in
any portion of the county, and in the
western part the subordinate limestone
would be reached at a depth of one hun-
dred and fifty feet or less, when the light
gray brecciated limestone of the St. Louis
group is reached, it is useless to bore
further in search of coal, and this lime-
stone is so decidedly different in its ap-
pearance from any of the limestones in
the lower part of the coal measures, that
an expert would find no difficulty in iden-
tifying it, even by the smallest fragments
taken up by the sand pump. Hence it
forms a reliable guide, both where it out-
crops and where it may be reached by
the drill, and determines the point below
which no coal can be found.

FIRE-CLAY.

The fire-clay under the Colchester coal
has been used by Mr. Horrocks, at his
kiln west of the town, for the manufac-
ture of drain tile, fire-brick, etc., but re-
cently he has obtained a better quality
fire-clay by sinking a shallow shaft down
to the lower or No. 1 coal, which, at his
kiln, is about forty-five feet below the
Colchester seam. The horizon of this
lower coal furnishes an excellent article
of fire and potter's clay in various por-
tions of the state, and it may, no doubt,
be found at many points in this county,
besides the one where it is at present
worked.

IKON ORE.

There is a band of iron ore, very
generally developed in connection with
coal No. 1, and indications of its pres-
ence were observed at several points in
this county, though not in sufficient
quantity to justify an attempt to work it
at the present time. On the creek be-
low Horripk's brick kiln, it is about six
inches thick, but too sandy to be of
much value, even if the quantity was
greater. On the creek west of Macomb
a band of very pure iron ore occur?,
about six inches thick, and it is quite
probable it may be found somewhere
in the county of sufficient thickness to
be of some economical importance. In
Schuyler county, there are two or three
bands of ore associated with the same
coal, attaining there an aggregate thick-
ness of about two feet, and yielding on
analysis about fifty-two per cent, of
protoxide of iron. The ore is an argil-
laceous carbonate of iron, and compares
favorably in quality with the best Penn-
sylvania ores.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

On D. C. Flint's place, in Mound
toAvnship, a deposit of bog iron ore of
good quality is found, which is reported
to be several feet in thickness, but the
area covered by it has not been ascer-
tained. Should it prove sufficiently
extensive and pure as the sample sent to
my office, it is a valuable deposit.

BUILDING STONE.

The central and western portions of
the county have an abundant supply of
free stone from the sandstone bed inter-
vening between coals No. 1 and 2. This
is usually from ten to twelve feet in
thickness, the upper part thin-bedded
and quarrying out in thin, even slabs
suitable for flags, while the lower part is
quite massive and splits evenly. At
Stewart's quarries, two miles west of
Macomb, there is about twelve feet in
thickness exposed in the face of the
quarry. The rock is a rather coarse
grained sandstone, nearly white in color,
and furnishes a very durable material
for foundation walls, and is also easily
cut and may be advantageously used for
all ordinary architectural purposes.

At these quarries the rock is very
massive, but at the old McLean quar-
ries, about a half mile to the westward
of Stewart's, the sandstone is more reg-
ularly bedded, the, layers varying from
four to twelve inches or more in thick-
ness. This sandstone is equivalent of
that on the Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw
railroad west of Seaville, in Fulton
county, and is very similar in quality.
Some of the. beds seem to be sufficiently
even-textured for grindstones. The
magnesian and arenaceous beds of the
St. Louis group will afford the best ma-

terial for culverts and bridge abutments
that can be found in the state, as they
are scarcely at all affected by the
action of frost and moisture." The
gray limestones of the Keokuk series
make a durable building stone if pro-
tected from water, but split to fragments
on exposure to ordinary atmospheric
agencies. The brecciated limestone will
make an excellent macadamizing mate-
rial for the construction of turnpike
roads, or for ballasting our railroads.

LIMESTONE FOR LIME.

Good limestone for burning into quick-
lime may be obtained from the lower
division of the Keokuk, and from the
brecciated- bed of the St. Louis group.
Where the former is used, it should be
selected with some care, as a portion of
the beds contain too large a per cent, of
argillaceous or silicious matter to slack
readily when burned, and would yield
only an inferior quality of lime. The
light gray semi-crystallinelayers are the
best for this purpose, and will make a
quicklime of good quality. The brec-
ciated limestone is, however, in many
respects the best rock in the county for
this purpose, as it is usually a nearly
pure carbonate of lime in its composi-
tion and can be burned at less expense,
and makes a quicklime of superior qual-
ity. This limestone may be found on
most of the tributaries of Crooked creek,
and on the east fork as far north as the
vicinity of Colchester.

SAND AND CLAY FOB BRICK.

The sub-soil, where it is predicated upon
the marly beds of the loess, supplies these
materials in nearly the right proportion

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

forthe brickyard; and when deficient in
sand, this may be easily supplied- either
from the creek bottoms or sandy beds
interstratified with the drift clays. These
materials are so universally distributed
that there is scarcely a neighborhood in
the county where they may not be read-
ily found at hand.

SOIL AND AGRICULTURE.

There is not much variety in the gen-
eral character of the soils in this county,
and there is no considerable portion of
its surface that will not bring good crops
of the various cereals usually cultivated
in this latitude, without other stimulants
than those contained in the soil itself.
The prairie soil is a dark, chocolate-
colored loam, appearing nearly black
when wet, and produces excellent crops
of corn, wheat, oats, barley and grass,
and where a proper rotation of crops has
been the rule, no perceptible decrease in
the annual product has been observed,
even on lands that have been under con-
stant cultivation for the last twenty-five
or thirty years. The timber lands are
generally confined to the creek valleys,
and broken ridges adjacent thereto.

The soil on these timbered ridges is
usually thin, but they are excellent fruit
lands, and will produce fair crops of
wheat, oats and clover, but they require
manuring if subjected to long continued
cultivation. These thin soils are predi-
cated upon the boulder clays, and the
timber growth is mainly black and white
oak and hickory; and their uneven sur-
face does not retain the vegetable and
animal matters that are annually depos-
ited upon them, but on the contrary,
these are swept away by the annual rains

into the adjacent valleys, while on the
level prairies they are retained, and add
from year to year their fertilizing prop-
erties fo the soil. The bottom lands on
Crooked creek are very limited in extent,
and are mostly subject to overflow. They
afford some fine timber, the varieties of
which have been enumerated on a pre-
ceding page.

Although the above will give the at-
tentive reader a full account of the geo-
logical formation of the county, still
more can be added, and we freely quote
from S. J. Clarke's history of the county
the following items, as being apt to in-
terest all:

" The area of the coal fields of McDon-
ough is nearly, if not quite, co-extensive
with its entire surface, having been
found in every tow r nship except Walnut
Grove. There are a large number of
shafts and banks in active operation, af-
ording employment to hundreds of men,
some of whom work in the banks, while
others are constantly engaged in hauling
to our home markets and the towns sur-
rounding. There is no -limit to the sup-
ply, as the beds are inexhaustible. An
account of the various coal shafts ap-
pears in the various township histories.

" The coal of this county is regarded
as the best in the state, and is used ex-
tensively in the manufacture of gas in
several of our large western cities.

" The quarries of McDonough county
are becoming justly noted for their
superior quality of freestone and sand-
stone. As remarked of coal, the supply
is almost inexhaustible, and capable of
meeting the demand for hundreds of
years. West of Macomb a short dis-
tance are two or three quarries that have

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

been worked for many years, and the
rock taken from them used for building
purposes have stood the test of time in
a remarkable degree. For years the
stone has been used principally for foun-
dation purposes, wells and sidewalks.
In 1875, Mr. Kowley, of New York, who,
for many years had been the proprietor
of the quarry known as "Stewart's, having
tested the stone in every conceivable
way, erected a factory for the purpose of
manufacturing grindstones. He had in
his employ a large number of hands,
and turned out an article that gave uni-
versal satisfaction. Shipments are being
made daily to all parts of the United
States, and no doubt in time this will be
onfe of the institutions of the county.
John McLean, Esq., of Macomb, fur-
nished the following statement of the
quarry formerly worked by Hector
McLean, Sr., and his three sons, Alex-
ander, John and Duncan:

"We commenced work in the Ran-
dolph quarry in the fall of 1849, and in
1852 left, purchasing the interest of
Swigart & Broaddus in the quarry known
as Bartleson's, and considered the best
freestone or sandstone in the state. The
quarry was easy to work, having seams
in every ledge,running the entire length.
We frequently pried up stones 30x15
feet, flat and smooth, fitted for any kind
of pavement, the ledges being from one
and a half inches, increasing in thick-
ness to three feet, being the lowest ledge
we worked.

"We had the quarry rented for four
years, at ten cents per perch. In 1857

we purchased 160 acres of land on which
the quarry Avas situated, of a Mr. Airy,
of Philadelphia, a brother of the late
Mrs. Bartleson, of Macomb, for which
we paid $1,600; sold the same to C. N.
Harding, Esq., in 1867, for $4,000. We
worked in the quarry twelve years, in
which time we averaged 1000 perches
per year of all kinds of rock.

"In looking over the accounts of some
years, I find that we made as high as
$3,500 per year, paying for extra labor,
tools and powder for blasting purposes,
$1,300. In those times this was consid-
ered 'big money.' We usually did all
the business ourselves, having four yoke
of oxen, and a large wagon capable of
carrying five tons or four perches. The
wagon was made by our former towns-
man, Sidney S. Chapman, and a splendid
wagon it was, painted on the axle 1852,
the year in which it was made. We
quarried, hauled and built, receiving
therefor $2.50 to $3.25 per perch, accord-
ing to wall."

"Besides the quarries mentioned, there
is an excellant quality of stone found
near Industry, on Grindstone creek, of
the same general character as the fore-
going."

Clay, suitable for the manufacture of
pottery, drain-tile, fire-brick, etc., is
found quite extensively throughout the
county, and is largely utilized, there be-
ing quite a number of potteries within
its limits, full accounts of which will be
found in their proper places, in the his-
tories of the towns or townships wherein
they are located.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

PIONEER LIFE.

In this chapter it is the design to pre-
sent some of the interesting and pecul-
iar phases of frontier life. It is not the
purpose to here portray conditions and
circumstances that apply to every case,
but to pluck from the mass of material
some of the most extreme cases, and be-
longing properly to the extreme frontier.
While, as a means of variety, here and
there are stated occurrences and con-
ditions which have existed up to within
a very recent day, it is impossible to
single out McDonough county as an iso-
lated case in the description of pioneer
life, for it finds its parallel in almost
every county in the state and throughout
the entire west. And it is, on the other
hand, just as impossible to limit the por-
trayal so as to just precisely fit and
cover given cases and territory. Pioneer
life must be taken as a whole, and as it
existed a half century ago in the west.
Some of the illustrations may not apply
to the exact manner in which this or that
particular settler got along nor is it the
intention that it should but it is at-
tempted to show what has been done in
the development of the great west.

But a little more than a half century
ago, McDonough county was not in ex-
istence, the territory comprising it be-
ing as wild and desolate as the Indians
who inhabited it; and there was not a

white settler within its boundaries-
"When the determined pioneers of Mc-
Donough county settled here, they found
an unbroken, uncultivated and uninhab-
ited prairie. Wild beasts, and but little
less wild savages, roamed at will over
the prairie and through the forests.
Forests were to be felled, cabins erected,
mills built, and the river and creeks
made to labor for the benefit of mankind.
The beautiful prairies were to be robbed
of their natural ornaments, and the hand
of art was to assist in their decoratipn.
Who was to undertake this work.? Are
they qualified for the task ? What will
be the effect of their labors upon future
generations"?

The McDonough county pioneers had
many difficulties to contend with, not
the least of which was the journey from
civilization to the forest homes. The
route lay for the most part through a
rough country; swamps and marshes
were crossed with great exertitin and
fatigue; rivers were forded with diffi-
culty and danger; nights were passed
on open prairies, with the sod for a
couch and the heavens for a shelter;
long, weary days and weeks of travel
were endured, but finally the "promised
land" was reached. Soon the anxious
father of the family, with his hands erects
a habitation and pioneer life began.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

EARLY MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

The young men and women of to-day
have little conception of the mode of
life among the early settlers of the
country. One can hardly conceive how
so great a change could take place in so
short a time. The clothing, the dwell-
ings, the diet, the social customs have
undergone a total revolution, as though
a new race had taken possession of the
land.

In a new country far removed from
the conveniences of civilization, where
all are compelled to build their own
houses, make their own clothing, and
procure for themselves the means of
subsistence, it is to be expected that
their dwellings and garments will be
rude. These were matters controlled by
surrounding circumstances and the
means at their disposal, The earliest
settlers constructed what were termed
"three-faced camps," or, in other words,
three walls, leaving one side open. They
are described as follows: The walls
were built seven feet high, when poles
were laid across at a distance of about
three feet apart, and on these a roof of
clapboards was laid,, which were kept
in place by weight poles placed on them.
The clapboards were about four feet in
length, and from eight inches to twelve
inches in width, split out of white oak
timber. No floor was laid in the
"camp." The structure required neither
door, window or chimney. The one side
left out of the cabin answered all these
purposes. In front of the open side
was built a large log heap, which served
for warmth in cold weather and for
cooking purposes ir, all seasons. Of
course there was an abundance of light,

and, on either side of the fire, space to
enter in and out. These "three-faced
camps" were probably more easily con-
structed than the ordinary cabin, and
was not the usual style of dwelling
houses.

The cabin was considered a material
advance for comfort and home life. This
was, in almost every case, built of logs,
the spaces between the logs being filled in
with split sticks of wood, called "chinks,"
and then daubed over, both inside and
outside, with mortar made of clay. The
floor, sometimes, was nothing more than
earth tramped hard and smooth, but com-
monly made of "puncheons," or split logs,
with the split side turned upward. The
roof was made by gradually drawing in
the top to the ridge pole, and, on cross
pieces, laying the "clapboards," which,
being several feet in length, instead of
being nailed, were held in place by poles
laid on them, called "weight poles,"reach-
ing the length of the cabin. For a fire-
place, a space was cut out of the logs on
one side of the room, usually about six
feet in length, and three sides were built
up of logs, making an offset in the wall.
This was lined with stone, if convenient;
if not, then earth. The flue, or upper
part of the chimney, was built of small
split sticks, two and a half or three feet
in length, carried a little space above the
roof, and plastered over with clay, and
when finished was called a "cat-and-clay"
chimney. The door space was also made
by cutting an aperture in one side of the
room of the required size, the door itself
being made of clapboards secured by
wooden pins to two crosspieces. The
hinges were also of wood, while the fast-
enings consisted of a wooden latch catch-

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ing on a hook of the same material. To
open the door from the outside, a strip
of buckskin was tied to the latch and
drawn through a hole a few inches above
the latch-bar, so that on pulling the string
the latch was lifted from the catch or
hook, and the door was opened without
further trouble. To lock the door, it was
only necessary to pull the string through
the hole to the inside. Here the family
lived, and here the guest and wayfarer
were made welcome. The living room
was of good size, but to a large extent it
was all kitchen, bed-room, parlor and
arsenal, with flitches of bacon and rings
of dried pumpkin suspended from the
rafters. In one corner were the loom
and other implements used in the manu-
facture of clothing, and around the ample
fire-place were collected the kitchen fur-
niture. The clothing lined one side of
the sleeping apartment, suspended from
pegs driven in the logs. Hemp and flax
were generally raised, and a few sheep
kept. Out of these the clothing for the
family and the sheets and coverlets were
made by the females of the house.
Over the door was placed the trusty
rifle, and just back of it hung the pow-
der horn and hunting pouch. In the
well-to-do families, or when crowded on
the ground floor, a loft was sometimes
made to the cabin for a sleeping place
and the storage of "traps" and articles
not in common use. . The loft was reach-
ed by a ladder secured to the wall.
Generally the bedrooms were separa-
ted from the living-room by sheets and
coverlets suspended from the rafters,
but until the means of making these
partition walls were ample, they lived
and slept in the same room.

Familiarity with this mode of living
did away with much of the discomfort*
but as soon, as the improvement could be
made, there was added to the cabin an
additional room, or a " double log cabin "
being substantially a" three-faced camp,"
with a log room on each end and con-
taining a loft. The furniture in the
cabin corresponded with the house it-
self. The articles used in the kitchen
were as few q,nd simple as can be imag-
ined. A ''Dutch oven," or skillet, a
long handled frying pan, an iron pot or
kettle, and sometimes a coffee pot, con-
stituted the utensils of the best furnish-
ed kitchen. A little later, when stone
formed the base of the chimney, a long
iron " crane " swung in the chimney
place, which on its " pot-hook " carried
the boiling kettle or heavy iron pot.
The cooking was all done on the fire-
place and at the fire, and the style of
cooking was as simple as the utensils.
Indian, or corn meal, was the common
flour, which was made into "pone" or
' corn-dodger," or " hoe-cake," as the
occasion or variety demanded. The
" pone " and the " dodger " was baked in
the Dutch oven, which was first set on a
bed of glowing coals. When the oven
was filled with dough, the lid, already
heated on the fire, was placed on the
oven and covered with red hot coals.
When the bread was done, it was taken
from the oven and placed near the fire
to keep warm while some other food was
being prepared in the same "oven " for
the forthcoming meal, The " hoe-cake "
was prepared in the same way as the
dodger that is, a stiff dough was made
of the meal and water, and, taking as
much as could conveniently be held in

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

both hands,it was moulded into the desir-
ed shape by being tossed from hand to
hand, then laid on a board or flat stone
placed at an angle before the fire and pat-
ted down to the required thickness on
the "johnny-cake board." In the fall
and early winter, cooked pumpkin was
sometimes $dded to the meal dough,
giving a flavor and richness to the bread
not attained by the modern methods. In
the oven from which the bread was
taken, the venison or ham was then fried,
and, in winter, lye hominy, made from
the unbroken grains of corn, added to
the frugal meal. The woods abounded
in honey, and of this in pioneer times,
the early settlers had an abundance the
year round.

These simple cabins were inhabited
by a kind and true-hearted people.
They were strangers to mock-modesty,
and the traveler seeking lodgings for the
night, or desirous of spending a' few
days in the community, if willing to ac-
cept the rude offerings, was always wel-
come, although how they were disposed
of at night the reader may not easily
imagine: for, as described, often a single
room would be made to serve the pur-
pose of a kitchen, dining-room, sitting-
room and parlor, and many families con-
sisted of six or eight persons.

CHARACTEE OF THE PIONEERS.

The character of the pioneers of Mc-
Donough county falls properly within
'the range of the historian. They lived
in a region of exuberance and fertility,
where Nature had scattered her bless-
ings with a liberal hand. The fair sup-
ply of timber, the fertile prairie, and the
many improvements 'constantly going

forward, with the bright prospect for a
glorious future in everything that ren-
ders life pleasant, combined to deeply im-
press their character, to give them a
spirit of enterprise, an independance of
feeling, and a joyousness of hope.
They were a thorough admixture of
many nations, characters, languages,
conditions, and opinions. There was
scarcely a state in the Union that was
not represented among the early settlers,
All the various religious sects Jiad their
advocates. All now form one society.
Says an early writer: " Men must cleave
to their kind, and must be dependent
upon each other. Pride and jealousy
give way to the natural yearnings of the
human heart for society. They begin to
rub off the neutral prejudices; one
takes a step and then the other; they
meet half way and embrace; and the
society thus newly organized and consti-
tuted is more liberal, enlarged, unpreju-
diced, and, of course, more affectionate
than a society of people of like birth
and character, who bring all their early
prejudices as a common stock, to be
transmitted as an inheritance to pos-
terity."

They were bound together by a feeling
that all were equal, and were laboring
and striving for a common end. They
had all left more or less comfortable
homes in the eastern states, and cast
their lot in a country where there was
nothing save the intrinsic merits of the
location. Here they were all on equal
footing; riches could give no advantage,
even had they existed, and the absence
of the aristocratic element that is now
so painfully apparent in society, must
alone have been a great source of com-

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

fort to the pioneers. They all felt an
equal interest in the improvement and
development of the country, and to the
softening and smoothing over of the
rough edged disadvantages against
which they had to contend. Every one
was thought of and treated as a brother.
Their public gatherings were like the
reunion of a parted family, and the fact
that there was no rivalry, made the oc-
casions doubly joyous. Their hospitality
knew no bounds.

CLOTHING.

The clothing of the early pioneers was
as plain and simple as their houses. Ne-
cessity compelled it to be in conformity
to the strictest economy. The clothing
taken to the new country was made to
render a vast deal of service until a crop
of flax or hemp could be grown, out of
which to make the household apparel.
The prairie wolves made it difficult to
take sheep into the settlements, but after
the sheep had been introduced, and flax
and hemp raised in sufficient quantities,
it still remained an arduous task to spin,
weave and make the wearing apparel for
an entire family. In summer, nearly all
persons, both male and female, went
barefooted. Buckskin moccasins were
much worn. Boys of twelve and fifteen
years of age never thought of wearing
anything on their feet, except during
three or four months of the coldest
weather in winter. Boots were- unknown
until a later generation. After flax was
raised in sufficient quantities, and sheep
could be protected from the wolves, a
better and more comfortable style of
clothing prevailed. Flannel and linsey
were woven and made into garments for

the women and children, and jeans for
the men. The wool for the jeans was
colored from the bark of the walnut, and
from this came the term "butternut,"
still common throughout the West. The
black and white wool mixed, varied the
color, and gave the name "pepper-and-
salt." As a matter of course every
family did its own spinning, weaving
and sewing, and for years all the wool
had to be carded by hand on cards from
four inches broad to eight .and ten
inches long. The 'picking of the wool
and carding was work to which the little
folks could help, and at the proper sea-
son all the little hands were enlisted in
the business. Every household had its
big and little spinning wheels, winding-
blades, reel, warping-bars and loom.
The articles were indispensable in every
family. In many of the households of
McDonough county, stowed away in
empty garrets and out-of-the-way places,
may still be found some of these almost
forgotten relics"

The preparations for the family cloth-
ing usually began early in the fall, and
the work was continued on into the win-
ter months, when the whir of the wheels
and the regular stroke of the loom could
heard until a late hour of the night.
No scene can well be imagined so
abounding in contentment and domestic
happiness. Strips of bark, of the shell
bark hickory, thrown from time to time
in the ample fire place, cast a ruddy,
flickering light over the room. In one
corner, within range of the reflected
light, the father is cobbling a well worn
pair of shoes, or trying his skill at mak-
ing new ones. Hard by, the young ones
are shelling corn for the next grist. The

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

oldest daughter whirls the large spin-
ning wheel, and with its hum and whir
trips to the far side of the 'room, draw-
ing out the thread, while the mother,
with the click of the shuttle and the
measured thump of the loom, fills up the
hours. The whole a scene of domestic
industry and happiness rarely elsewhere
to be found.

Industry such as this, supported by an
economy and frugality from which there
was no escape, necessarily brought its
own reward. Changes and alterations
were to be expected, but the reality has
distanced the wildest conjecture; and
stranger still, multitudes are still living
who witnessed not only the face of nature
undergoing a change about them, but
the manners, customs and industries of
a whole people almost wholly changed.
Many an old pioneer sits by his fireside
in his easy chair with closed eyes, and
dreams of the long ago, in sympathy
with the poet describing eastern pioneer
life, and seeing here and there strains
that are parallel to his own experience:

" The voice of Nature's very self drops low,
As though she whispered of. the long ago,
When down the wandering stream the rude

canoe

Of some lone trapper glided into view,
And loitered down the watery path that led
Thro' forest depths, that only knew the tread
Of savage beasts and wild barbarians,
That skulked about with blood upon their

hands,

And murder in their hearts. The light of day
Might barely pierce the gloominess that lay
Like some dark pall across the water's face,
And folded all the laud in its embrace,
The panther's screaming, and the bear's low

growl,
The snake's sharp rattle, and the wolf's wild

howl,

The owl's grim chuckle, as it rose and fell

In alternation with the Indian's yell,

Made fitting prelude for the gory plays

That were enacted in the early days.

Now, o'er the vision, like a miracle, falls

The old log cabin with its clingy walls,

And crippled chimney, with the crutch-like prop

Beneath, a sagging shoulder at the top,

The coon skin battened fast on either side,

The wisps of leaf tobacco, cut and dried ;

The yellow strands of quartered apples hung

In rich festoons that tangle in among

The morning glory vines that clamber o'er

The little clapboard roof above the door ;

Again, thro' mists of memory arise

The simple scenes of home before the eyes ;

The happy mother humming with her wheel ;

The dear old melodies that used to steal

So drowsily upon the summer air,

The house dog hid his bone, forgot his care

And nestled at her feet, to dream, perchance,

Some cooling di-eam of summer-time romance.

The square of sunshine through the open door

That notched its edge across the puncheon floor,

And made the golden coverlet whereon

The god of slumber had a picture drawn

Of babyhood, in all the loveliness

Of dimpled cheek and limb and linsey dress.

The bough-filled fire-place and the mantle wide,

Its fire-scorched ankles stretched on either side,

Where, perchance upon its shoulder 'neath the

joist,
The old clock hiccoughed, harsh and husky

voiced ;

Tomatoes, red and yellow, in a row,
Preserved not them for diet but for show ;
The jars of jelly, with their dainty tops;
Bunches of pennyroyal and cordial drops,
The flask of camphor and vial of squills,
The box of buttons, garden seeds and pills;
And thus the pioneer and helpsome aged wife
Reflectively views the scenes of early life."

In early days more mischief was done
by wolves than by any other wild ani-
mal, and no small part of their mischief
consisted in their almost constant bark-
ing at night, which always seemed men-
acing and frightful to the settlers. Like

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

mosquitos, the noise they made appeared
to be about as dreadful as the depreda-
tions they committed. The most effect-
ual, as well as the most exciting, method
of ridding the country of these hateful
pests, was that known as the circular
wolf hunt, by which alLthe men and boys
would turn out on an appointed day, in a
kind of circle comprising many square
miles of territory, with horses and dogs,
and then close up toward the center field
of operation, killing the "varmints" as
they came into view.

WEDDINGS.

The wedding was an attractive feature
of pioneer life. There was no distinc-
tion of life and very little of fortune
On these accounts the first impressions
of love generally resulted in marriage.
The family establishment cost but little
labor nothing more. The marriage
was always celebrated, in those days,
at the house of the bride, and she was
generally left to choose the officiating
clergyman. A wedding, however, en-
gaged the attention of the whole neigh-
borhood. It was anticipated by both
old and young with eager expectation.
In the morning of the wedding day, the
groom and his intimate friends assem-
bled at the house of his father, and after
due preparation, departed en masse for
the "mansion" of his bride. The jour-
ney was sometimes made on horseback,
sometimes on foot, and sometimes in
farm wagons and carts. It was always
a merry journey, and to insure merri-
ment the bottle was always taken along.
On reaching the house of the bride, the
marriage ceremony took place, and then
dinner or supper was served. After the

meal the dancing commenced, and gen-
erally lasted until the following morning.
The figures of the dances were three
and four-handed reels, or square sets
and jigs. The commencement was
always a square four, which was followed
by what the pioneers called "jigging,"
that is, two out of the four would single
out for a jig, and were followed by the
remaining couple. The jigs were often
accompanied with what was called "cut-
ting out" that is, when either of the
parties became tired of the dance, on
intimation the place was supplied by
some one of the company without inter-
ruption of the dance. In this way the
reel was often continued until the musi-
cian was exhausted. About nine or ten
o'clock in the evening a deputation of
young ladies stole off the bride and put
her to bed. In doing this, they had to
ascend a ladder from the kitchen to the
upper floor, which was composed of
loose boards. Here, in the pioneer
bridal chamber, the young, simple-
hearted girl was put to bed by her en-
thusiastic friends. This done, a deputa-
tion of young men escorted the groom
to the same apartment, and placed him
snugly by the side of his bride. The
dance still continued, and if the seats
in the house were scarce, which was gen-
erally the case, says a local witness, every
young man, when not engaged in the
dance, was obliged to offer his lap as a
seat for one of the girls, and the offer
was sure to be accepted. During the
night's festivities, spirits were freely
used, but seldom to excess. The infair
was held on the following evening, where
the same order of exercises was generally
observed.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

SHAKES.

Another feature of pioneer life, which
every old settler will vividly recall, was
the "chills and fever," "fever and ague,"
or "shakes," as it is variously called. It
was a terror to new-comers, for in the
fall of the year almost everybody was
afflicted with it. It was no respecter of
persons ; everybody looked pale and sal-
low, as though frost-bitten. It was"not
contagious, but derived from impure
water and air, which was always devel-
oped in the opening up of a new coun-
try of rank soil like that of McDonough
county. The impurities continued to
absorb from day to day, and from week
to week, until the whole corporate body
becomes saturated with it as with elec-
tricity, and then the shock came; and
the shock was a regular shake, with a
fixed beginning and ending, coming on,
in some cases, each day, but generally
on alternate days, with a regularity that
was surprising. After the shakes came
the fever, and this " last estate was
worse than the first;" it was a burning
hot fever, and lasted for hours, ^hen
you had the chill you couldn't get warm,
and when you had the fever you couldn't
get cool. It was exceedingly awkward
in this respect indeed it was. Nor
would it stop for any contingency not
even a wedding in the family could stop
it. It was imperative and tyrannical.
When the appointed time came around,
everything else had to be stopped to at-
tend to its demands. It didn't even
have any Sundays or holidays. After
the fever went down you still didn't feel
much better; you felt as though you
had gone through some sort of a collis-
ion, threshing-machine, jarring-machine,

and came out not killed, but next thing
to it. You felt weak, as though you had
run too far after something, and then
didn't catch it. You felt languid, stupid
and sore and was down in the mouth and
heel and partially raveled out. Your
back was out of fix, your head ached and
your appetite crazy. Your eyes had too
much white in them; your ears, espec-
ially after taking quinine, had too much
roar in them, and your whole body and
soul were entirely woe begone, disconso-
late, sad, poor and good for nothing,
You didn't think much of yourself, and
didn't believe that other people did
either, and you didn't care. You didn't
quite make up your mind to commit
suicide, but sometimes wished some ac-
cident would happen to knock either the
malady or yourself out of existence.
You imagined even the dogs looked at
you with a sort of self-complacency.
You thought the sun had a sort of sickly
shine about it. About this time you
came to the conclusion that you would
not take the whole state as a gift; and
if you had the strength and means you
would pick up Hannah and the baby,
and your traps, and go back "yander"
to " Old Virginia," the " Jarseys " Mary-
land, Pennsylvania, Kentucky or Ten-
nessee.

"And to-day, the swallows flitting
Round my cabin, see me sitting
Moodily within the sunshine,

Just within my silent door,
Waiting for the ' ager,' seeming
Like a man forever dreaming;
And the sunlight on me streaming

Throws no shadow on the floor ;
For I am too thin and sallow,
To make shadows on the floor

Nary shadow any more!"

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

The foregoing is not a mere picture of
imagination. It is simply recounting in
quaint phrase of what actually occurred in
hundreds of cases. Whole families would
sometimes be sick at one time, and not
a member scarcely able to wait upon
another. Labor or exercise always aggra-
vated the malady, and it took General
Laziness a long time to thrash the enemy
out. These were the days for swallowing
all sorts of roots and "yarbs" and whisky
straight, with some faint hope of relief.
Finally, when the case wore out, the last
remedy got the credit of the cure.

SNAKES.

In pioneer times snakes were numerous,
such as the rattlesnake,viper,adder,blood-
snakes, and many varieties of large blue
and green snakes, milksnakes, garter and
watersnakes, and others. If, on meeting
one of these, you would retreat, they
would chase you very fiercely; but if you
would turn and give them battle, they
would immediately turn and crawl away
with all possible speed, hide in the grass
and weeds and wait for a "greener" cus-
tomer. These really harmless snakes
served to put people on their guard
against the more dangerous and venom-
ous kind. It was a common paactice, in
order to exterminate them, for the men
to turn 6ut in companies with spades,
mattocks, and crowbars, attack the prin-
cipal snake dens, and slay large num-
bers of them. In early spring the snakes
were somewhat torpid and easily cap-
tured. Scores of rattlesnakes were
sometimes frightened out of a single den,
which, as soon as they showed their
heads through the crevices of the rocks,
were dispatched, and left to be devoured

by the numerous wild hogs of that day.
Some of the fattest of these snakes were
taken to the house and oil extracted from
them, and their glittering skins were
saved as a specific for rheumatism.
Another method for their destruction
was to fix a heavy stick over the door of
their dens, with a long grapevine at-
tached, so that one at a distance could
plug the entrance to the den when the
snakes were all out sunning themselves.
Then a large company of citizens, on
hand by appointment, could kill scores
of the reptiles in a few minutes.

AGRICULTURE.

In the earlier settlements of this sec-
tion, ponds, marshes and swamps
abounded where to-day are found culti-
vated and fertile fields. The low and
flat places were avoided for the higher
grounds, not only on account of the
wetness, but for sanitary reasons. Agri-
cultural implements were necessarily
rude, and the agriculture of a corre-
sponding character. The plow used was
called a "bar-share" plow, the iron point
of which consisted of a bar of iron
about two feet long, and a broad share of
iron welded to it. At the extreme point
was a coulter that passed through a
beam six or seven feet long, to which
was attached handles of corresponding
length. The mold-board was a wooden
one split out of winding timber, or
hewed into a Avindlng shape, in order to
turn the soil over. In the springtime,
when the ground was to be prepared for
the seed, the father would take his post
at the plow, and the daughter posses-
sion of the reins. This is a grand scene
one full of grace and beauty. The

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

pioneer girl thinks but little of fine
dress; knows less of the fashions; has
probably heard of the opera, but does
not understand its meaning; has been
told of the piano but has never seen one;
wears a dress "buttoned up behind;" has
on "leather boots," and "drives plow"
for father. In the planting of corn,
which was always done by hand, the
girls always took a part, usually drop-
ping the corn, but many of them cover-
ing it with the hand-hoe.

In the cultivation of wheat, the land
was ploughed the same as for corn, and
harrowed with a wooden-toothed harrow,
or smoothed by dragging over the ground
a heavy brush, weighed down, if neces-
sary, with a stick of timber. It was then
sown broadcast by hand at the rate of
about a bushel and a quarter to the acre,
and harrowed in with the brush. The
implements used to cut the wheat was
either the sickle nor the cradle. The
sickle was almost identical with the"grass
hook" in use, and the cradle was a
scythe fastened to a frame of wood, with
long, bending teeth or strips of wood,
for cutting and laying the grain in
swaths. There were few farmers who
did not know how to swing the scythe or
cradle, and there was no more pleasant
picture on a farm than a gang of work-
men in the harvest field, nor a more hi-
larious crowd. Three cradlers would cut
about ten acres a day. One binder was
expected to keep up with the cradle.
Barns for the storage of the unthreshed
grain are comparatively a "modern in-
vention," and as'soon^s the shock was
supposed to be sufficiently cured, it was
hauled to some place on the farm con-
venient for threshing, and there put in

stack. The threshing was performed in
one or two ways, by flail or tramping
with horses, generally the latter. The
flail Avas used in stormy weather, on the
sheltered floor, or when the farm work
was not pressing; the threshing by tramp-
ing commonly in clear weather, on a level
and well tramped clay floor. The bundles
were piled in a circle of about fifteen to
twenty feet in diameter, and four to six
horses ridden over the straw. One or
two hands turned over and kept the straw
in place. When sufficiently tramped,
the straw was thrown into a rick
or stack, and the wheat cleared by a
"fanning-mill," or sometimes, before fan-
ning-mills were introduced, by letting it
fall from the height of ten or twelve feet,
subjected to the action of the wind, when
it was supposed to be ready for the mill
or market.

RELIGION.

The religious element in the life of the
pioneer was such as to attract the atten-
tion of those living in more favored
places. The pioneer was no hypocrite.
If he believed in horse-racing, whisky-
drinking, card-playing, or anything of
like character, he practiced them openly
and above board. If he was of a relig-
ious turn of mind he was not afraid to
own it. He could truthfully sing,

"I'm not ashamed to own my Lord,
Or blush to speak His name."

But the pioneer clung, to the faith of
his father, for a time, at least. If he
was a Presbyterian he was not ashamed
of it, but rather prided himself on be-
ing one of the elect. He prayed long
and loud if the spirit moved him, and
cared nothing for the empty form of re-
ligion.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

CHAPTER "V.

EAELY SETTLEMENT.

To the reader of local history, this
chapter is of general interest, but to the
pioneer himself it is more. Here lie has
himself, and friends, and neighbors, as
in days past they first sought out the
western wilds and fought for existence
in the wilderness. See him, as he takes
the book in hand slowly, critically pore-
ing over every word, recalling in his
mind the pictures of a vanished past at
the mention of some well-known name,
or smiling as recollection brings back
some ludicrous adventure in the early
days of his settlement. His old associa-
tions, the trials and tribulations incident
to a new country, the battles against hun-
ger and cold, while settlers were scat-
tered thinly over a large expanse of coun-
try. All these rise up before him as he
reads. Even now, in memory, he hears
the wind moan round the humble cot-
tage that first sheltered him, and hears
the wolves howl as they did in clays of
yore. The picture of the past rises up
vividly before him, and he once more
rejoices in the pride of youth. Now the
thought comes over him, that by and
through his efforts, he has helped to
make this wilderness blossom as the
rose, and emerge from a state of nature
into a well developed and thrifty land,
and views with satisfaction the growing
towns and villages and fertile farms that

dot the landscape over. But perhaps
the brow will cloud and the eye dim as
memory's mystic voice recalls the dark
and painful side of those early exper-
iences. The loved wife of his bosom fad-
ing slowly away before the breath of the
cold destroyer, or some laughing, prat-
tling babe, the joy of the household, laid
away under the sod, in solemn silence,
by the hands of rough-appearing, but
sympathizing neighbors. Time has
healed those wounds, but to-day, as
memory is fast unlocking the chambers
of the mind, the silent tear will well itself
to the surface and drop as a tribute to
the loved and the lost of that by-gone
time.

Notwithstanding the cares and adver-
sities that clustered round^the cabin door
of the pioneer, these hardy Argonauts
led a happy life. Here all were free
and equal, and the absence of the re-
straining presence of wealth and posi-
tion, was to him a source of comfort and
satisfaction. The rough hospitality, the
hearty feeling of brotherhood, among
these vanguards of civilization, were the
spontaneous overflow of hearts full of
regard for humanity, and was practiced
more as the natural prompting of their
nature, than from any teaching of a
Christian duty. They were men in the
highest acceptance of the word.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

EARLY SETTLERS.

For a few years preceding the advent
of actual, permanent settlers, in nearly
all counties, cabins, temporary in char-
acter, have been raised by a class of peo-
ple, the forerunners of civilization, that
are not to be regarded as settlers at all.
They are, generally, hunters and trap-
pers, who do not break the sod or till
the ground, but live, almost exclusively*
by the chase, and are but little removed
from the red man, the original occupant
of the land. That McDonough county
had its usual allotment of this class of
people, there is abundant proof in the
traditions that are rife in many of the
families of the old settlers, that when
they came here, on such and such a sec-
tion, there was an old cabin that had
been erected six, eight or ten years be-
fore. Who they were, where they came
from, or where they went to is, at this
late day, impossible to conjecture. Their
names, even, are buried under the ashes
of oblivion, and history has no lens
powerful enough to discern them.

The first actual settler, that is,one who
made any improvements and tilled the
land, of whom there is any account, is
Richard Dunn, who settled in what is
now Hire township, in 1825, and culti-
vated about four acres of land. He had
a cabin, and for about three weeks, in
the spring of 1826, entertained the
family of William Job, while the latter
was building a log cabin for himself and
his family. Mr. Dunn left this locality
within a year or two afterwards and
passed out of the knowledge of the few
settlers that knew him. His cabin was
situated upon section 9, and on the ar-
rival of Hugh Wilson, the latter took up

his quarters in it, the owner having
vacated it previously.

In regard to who was the next of
make a settlement within the limits of Mc-
Donough county, there is great difficulty
to determine with the accuracy obligatory
upon history, but the weight of testi-
mony, which has been carefully sifted,
seems to give the honor to William Job.
That old pioneer, in the fall of 1825,
leaving his family in Morgan county,
came to this county, and lived in the
vicinity of the present site .of Bland-
insville that fall, and picked out the
land upon which he wanted to make a
settlement. In the early winter he re-
turned to where his family were and
there remained until the following
spring. Hardly had the snow gone off,
than he and his family, in company
with his brothers-in-law, William South-
ward and Ephraim Perkins, with their
families came back to the land of prom-
ise and settled. Mr. Job took up a
claim on the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 33, where he erected a cabin, the
others locating south of him. A full
account of his settlement is given in the
history of Blandinsville township, to
which the reader is most respectfully
referred.

Eiggs Pennington made a settlement
on the northeast quarter of section 24, in
what is now Industry township, in the
spring of 1826. He located in the tim-
ber, totally ignoring the rich prairie that
lay so near his door, as did nearly all
the pioneers of that day. Mr. Penning-
ton lived here for a few years when he
removed to Knox county, Illinois. In
1837, he emigrated to Texas, where he
died.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

William Carter in the summer of the
same year located upon the northeast
quarter of the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 26, in what is now Industry town-
ship. The settlement that sprung up
around him was known for many years
afterwards by the name of Carter's set-
tlement. Here, on this section, the set-
tlers erected, in the year 1827, a block
house, or log fort, near the residence of
William Carter, on section 26. This,
was a two-story affair, the upper story
projecting about four feet over the lower
one on all sides. It was built in this way
because it would afford more ample pro-
tection against being set on fire by the
Indians. Where the upper story pro-
jected holes were made, through which
an Indian could be gently tapped on the
head should he come for incendiary pur-
poses. The building was eighteen by
twenty feet, with numerous port holes
for the guns of the inmates. Luckily
they had no occasion to use the building
for the purpose for which it was erected.
The soldiers that passed through this
country in 1831-2 to the seat of the
Black Hawk war made considerale
sport of this building, and of the idea
of erecting one two hundred miles from
the Indian country. But it should be
remembered that the Indians were all
around them every spring and fall, and
like those of the present day, were a
treacherous people. Carter, after some
years, removed to Missouri.

Stephen Osborne, in 1826, also made
a settlement in the neighborhood of Mr.
Carter, where he remained but a short
time when he went to Knox county, and
passed out of the knowledge of those
left here.

In the spring of 1826, John Vance,
came to this county and locating at what
was long known as Job's settlement, put
up a cabin, and breaking up the virgin
soil, put in a crop. All that summer he
toiled to get his farm in shape, and in
the fall he returned for his family which
he had left behind him, and bringing
them with him landed them in his cabin,
in what is now Blandinsville township,
December 24th, 1826. Mr. Vance re-
moved from here to Iowa, in 1854, and
died while in that state in 1866.

William Dykeson made a settlement
in the same locality about the year 1826,
but resided there but a short time.

Hugh Wilson in 1827, made a settle-
ment on section 9, Hire township. He
started from Schuyler county to go to
some place on the Mississippi, near
the Des Moines rapids, and when they
arrived near the present village of Web-
ster, Hancock county, he was met by
William Job, William Southward, and
Ephraim Perkins, all brothers-in-law,
who had settled in that vicinity a short
time previous. Through the solicitude
of Mr. Job, Mr. Wilson changed his
course and went to the northwest part of
this county, and settled as above stated.
Here he erected a "half-faced camp,"
being nothing more than a shed with
three sides and an open front. Preparing
his ground, he planted it, and raised a
crop. When his harvest was over he
built himself a more substantial house,
into which he moved, but only lived
therein about two weeks, when a friendly
Indian came to his cabin and gave the
alarm by stating that a band of hostile
Indians was coming that way, and he
had better leave. This advice he fol-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

lowed, going to the Des Moines rapids.
He afterwards returned to Hancock
county, near the McDonough county
line, as is detailed in the history of the
township, further on.

William Stephens, located on a farm on
section 24, in Industry township, in the
fall of 1827. It was in his cabin that
Rev. John Logan held the first religious
services in the county in the spring of
1828.

The next to make a settlement in the
county was Benjamin Mathews, a native
of Tennessee; but came to this county
from Cass county, Illinois. He located
in what is now Bethel township during
the year 1827, and lived there until his
death in 1878.

Frank Redden, a native of Kentucky
was the next to settle at the Job's settle-
ment in 1827. He did not stay very
long, but moved on further west, and
eventually to Iowa.

On the first day of January, 1828,
William Pennington, a native of Vir-
ginia, settled in New Salem township, at
what is now known as Pennington's
Point, which was named in his honor.
He was the first settler in that section of
the county. He and his wife have
passed away to their reward, but several
of their descendants are still residents
in the county. Mr. Pennington lived in
this county until 1881, when he died.

John Logan made a settlement on first
coming to the county in 1828, in Indus-
try township. He lived for a short time
in the old fort, but afterwards removed
to the house just vacated by Stephen
Osborne. The next year he moved to
Schuyler county, but in 1830, returned
to this county, locating at Rock creek.

John Wilson, a son of Hugh Wilson,
set out for himself and came to McDon-
ough county,in 1828, although he had been
here with his father's family a year be-
fore, and located upon a farm in Indus-
try township. He was married October
30, 1828, to Mattie Vance, which event
was the first of the kind in the county.
Mr. Wilson is still a resident of the
township and county.

Elias McFadden made a settlement in
what is now Chalmers township, about
one mile south of Macomb, on section
12, in 1827 or 1828. He was accom-
panied by his son David, and a nephew,
Wylie McFadden, afterwards his son-in-
law. They lived here until November,
1834, when the two first named were
arrested for the crime of murdering
their neighbor, John Wilson, tried, con-
victed and hung in Schuyler county. A
full account of the crime and its punish-
ment is given in chapter XIII. It was
at the house of Elias McFadden that
the first election in McDonough county
was held.

William Moore made a settlement in
what is now Eldorado township, in 1828,
on the place west of the Comber farm.
The following year he went crazy, and
was taken back to Georgia by his
family.

William Osborne is believed to have
been the first to make a settlement in
what is now known as Scotland town-
ship, he camping out all the summer of
1828, on the banks of the water-course
since known as Camp creek, from this
circumstance. This Osborne was not
what may be truly termed a settler, but
rather in the light of a temporary inhab-
itant.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Elijah Bristow made a settlement in
Blandinsville township, on section 21,
during the year 1828 or 9. He, in 1845,
sold out and removed to Oregon.

About the same time, John Woodside
settled on section 16, in the same sub-
division of the county, where he lived
for ten years, when he, too, left the
county, going westward.

Isaac Fowler settled in the Carter set-
tlement, on section 25, in 1828, where he
remained several years. His present
whereabouts is unknown.

John Baker, in the summer of 1830,
came to McDonough county, and erected
a cabin on the southwest quarter of sec-
tion 31, in township 6 north, and 2 west,
on the site of the present city of
Macomb. He was, or had been a min-
ister of the Regular Baptist church, but
was little given to following his calling,
being too busy in the every day affairs
of life. He was the first clerk, pro tern,
of the county, and is noted at length in
that connection. He was the first resi-
dent of the city of Macomb.

With him came Oliver C. Bice, who
helped put up the cabin and who lived
in part of it. He was to run a black-
smith shop, and John Baker a tavern,
but for some reason. Rice, in the follow-
ing spring, removed west of town and
ran a mill. Pascal and Hess Smith
assisted in the building of the double
cabin.

Lewis Walters made a settlement
upon the northeast quarter of section 3,
in Hire township, in the spring of 1829,
where he resided until the fall of 1830,
when he left the county.

David Troxwell, in the spring of 1829,
entered land on the northwest quarter of

section 21, Chalmers township. He re-
mained but a short time, for in Novem-
ber of that year he left for parts un-
known.

James Edmonstoii, made a settlement
in 1829, in the southern portion of the
present Chalmers township. He shortly
afterwards removed into Bethel town-
ship, but after some years residence there
migrated back to Chalmers township,
locating on section 32. He afterwards
removed to Schuyler county, where he
died.

William O'Neal, a native of North
Carolina, made a settlement on section
24, Chalmers township in 1829, where he
remained a few years, when he removed
to Iowa.

William Edmonston, settled in Mc-
Donough county in 1829, locating upon
the southwest quarter of section 26, in
Chalmers township. He is quite noted
in the official life of the county and is
spoken of in that connection. He was a
member of the legislature of three dif-
ferent states in his time, Indiana, Illi-
nois and Missouri. He left this county
about 1842 or 3.

Most likely the next family to locate in
this county, was that of John Bridges
He arrived in what is now Indus-
try township in November, 1829. He at
once set to work to open up a farm, and
resided here until the day of his death
in 1844. He was a North Carolinian by
birth, but was for many years a resident
of Tennessee. He came here from Mor-
gan county, Illinois.

Daniel Campbell, came to McDon-
ough county in December, 1829, and in
the following spring located upon a farm
on section 10, in Tennessee township.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

He died in Greene county, Illinois, while
on a journey through that place. His
son, Daniel W., came with his parents,
and is still a resident of the county.

A party by the name of Smitherton,
squatted upon the northeast quarter of
section 19, now within the limits of Col-
chester township in the fall of 1829 or
spring of 1830, and remained there until
the summer of 1831, when he left for
Morgan county.

John Massingall, settled in Chalmers
township, on the southwest quarter of
section 33, in 1829 or 30. He paid but
little attention to farming, but gained
his living by hunting. He died while a
resident of the county. A good, kind
man, but carried the knife as the ugliest
man in the state.

John Bagby, a native of Virginia,
located on the same section with John
Woodside, probably about the year 1830.
He removed to Hancock county after-
wards, but feeling dissatisfied there, re-
turned to this county, and again took up
his residence. He dropped dead, one
day, while engaged in some household
duties.

Stewart Pennington with his family
settled upon the northwest quarter of
section 30, in what is now New Salem
township, in 1830. He was a nephew
of the famous Kentuckian, Daniel Boone,
and was himself born 611 the " Dark and
bloody ground " in 1783. A history in
detail is given of him in the history of
the township, further on, in this vol-
ume.

Michael Stinson came to McDonough
county in 1830, and made a settlement
southwest of Macomb. He was ap-
pointed the first clerk of the commis-

sioner's court pro tern., but held the of-
fice but a short time when he left and
went westward.

T. J. Pennington, a son of Stewart
Pennington, came to Pennington' s
Point, New Salem township, in 1830.
Here he remained a short time, when he
removed to Industry township, south-
east of the village. He died in the
township in 1875.

Richard Pennington, another son, al-
though but a lad of sixteen at the time,
came with the family and is worthy of
mention in this list of the old settlers
of the county. He was born January
24, 1814, in Monroe county, Kentucky.
He was married January 30, 1834, to
Delilah Shannon. They settled, on
their marriage, on section 30, and the
old homestead is still the residence of
Mr. Pennington.

John Rogers settled in what is now
Industry township, in the summer of
1830. He erected a cabin on the prai-
rie but in the fall moved it to the timber,
but being caught by the falling snow
before it was rebuilt, enclosed it in a
tent and managed to exist in it all win-
ter on hominy without salt. In the
spring he left, disgusted with the coun-
try. He afterwards came back to Han-
cock county.

Resin Naylor came to McDonough
county during the year 1830, and made
a temporary settlement near Maeomb.
In 1835, he removed to Macomb and en-
tered upon his business of harness mak-
ing. He was, in early days, quite a
character, and is familiarly spoken of as
"Boss Naylor." He held several offi-
cial positions and is noted at length in

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

the chapter entitled, national, state and
county representation.

Dr. John Hardesty with his wife and
children settled upon section 8, of Blan-
dinsville township, during the early
spring of 1830. A sketch- in detail of
this eminent gentleman is given in the
chapter devoted to the history of the
medical profession of the county.
Doctor Hardesty died in the month of
August, 1875.

The same spring of 1830, William
Duncan came to the above township
and made a settlement, but the follow-
ing winter drove him away. He after-
ward removed to Iowa where he died.

Enoch Cyrus also settled in the same
locality, at the same time. He farmed
sometimes and taught school, being the
first teacher in the township now known
as Blandinsville. After a few years he
sold out and went to Missouri and from
there to California, when he died. Noble
Owsley came with him and settled near
him but only remained a year or so, go-
ing westward.

David Clarke, made a settlement in
the immediate vicinity of Macomb dur-
ing the year 1830, and shortly after the
laying out of the city, moved there, and
was a resident until the day of his death,
in March, 1884.

Nathaniel Herron, in the spring of
1830, took up land on the northwest
quarter of section 3, in Hire township.
He improved a farm, and lived on the
place until 1855, when, being seized
with the spirit of emigration, he went to
Nodaway county, Missouri, where he
has since been called upon to pay the
debt of nature.

Charles Shannon, made his settlement
in McDouough county in 1830. He lo-
cated where the town of Industry is now
laid out. He was a native of Greenbriar
county, Virginia, but early in life re-
moved to Knox county, Tennessee. In
1819, he removed to Gallatin county, Ill-
inois, where he lived until coming to
this county. Mr. Shannon, like many
others of the old pioneers, has passed to
his reward, dying about the year 1858.

John Huston, arrived in McDonough
county on the 14th of March, 1830, and
settled upon the northwest quarter of
section 3, Blandinsville township. He
was very prominent in county matters
in an early day; was elected and served
as a member of the general assembly of
the state, in which connection is given a
sketch in full detail. He died July 8,
1854. His son, William M., now a prac-
ticing physician in the town of Blandins-
ville, then but a small child, came with
his father and mother.

Charles Hill and David Fees, in the
spring of 1830, settled on the northeast
quarter of section 12, in what is now.
Lamoine township, being the pioneers
of that sub-division. Mr. Hills is still a
resident of the county, having survived
the trials and hardships of pioneer life,
and although over seventy years of age,
is still quite active.

At the same time, or very shortly after,
John Hills settled upon section 12 of the
same township, where he still resides.

George Dowell, came to this county
in 1829 or 30, and built a cabin in what
is now Eldorado township. This place
was occupied by Abraham Davis.

Anson Mathews, in about 1830, settled
at what was afterwards called Foster's

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

point, and sold out to Arthur J. Foster
during the year 1831.

Abraham David, with his family, set-
tled in what is now Eldorado township
during the summer of 1830. He settled
on a farm and resided there until 1863,
when he died. He had come into the
county in the spring and temporarily
stopped in the Carter settlement, but
moved here as above.

John D. Barber, made a settlement in
August, 1830, on the northwest quarter
of section 20 of Colchester township,
where he lived two years. He then
moved to section 19, where he died in
1874.

Eoswell Tyrrell, in the fall of 1830,
came over from Fulton county, where he
had settled in 1823, and put up a cabin
on section 29, in Tennessee town-
ship. He then went back to bring his
family; but did not return until 1830, in
the spring of which year he made a per-
manent settlement. He died there in
April,1872. A sketch in full detail is given
further on in the history of Tennessee
township.

In the fall of 1830, Joel Duncan,
father of Russell and Charles, came to
McDonough county. He made his home
temporarily with his son Russell, and
commenced the erection of a cabin, but
before he had it finished, the great snow
of that winter came on, so thirteen peo-
ple were compelled to live all winter in
that little cabin not over eighteen feet
square. In the spring Joel removed
south of his sons and opened a farm,
where he afterwards died.

Robert Seybold, in the fall of 1830,
made a settlement in Hire township. A
sketch of this pioneer and his family is

given in the chapter devoted to that
township.

A party by the name of Jesse Bart-
lett, a native of Tennessee, located on
section 34, Walnut Grove township, in
the fall of 1830. A sketch of him is
given in its proper place in the chapter
devoted to the history of that township.

Truman Bowen, in October, 1830,
located on section 3, in Chalmers town-
ship. He commenced to open up a farm
but the year following his settlement he
died. He was a Pennsylvania!! by birth,
but came here from Ohio, where he was
reared.

During the fall of 1830, Redmon
Grigsby and others of that family came
to the infant settlement in Blandinsville
and settled. Many of the descendents
of the name are still residents in that
quarter of the county, influential and
prosperous.

James Clarke, one of the first com-
missioners of McDonough county, and
quite a prominent man in the history of
this section, made a settlement upon
section 12, in Chalmers township, in
1830. He did not remain there long, but
the following year moved to Macomb,
where he lived until the day of his death
in June, 1876. A sketch of Mr. Clarke
will be found in chapter XII, under the
head of county judge, he being the first
to fill that honorable position.

Russell Duncan, was also a settler of
1830. He erected a cabin in which he
installed his family on section 3, of
Blandinsville. It was his intention to
place it on section 4, but got it the wrong
side of the line. He lived here until
the spring of 1840, when he died very
suddenly. With him came his brother

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Charles Duncan, who was a single man.
He made his home sometime with his
brother, but moved to Hancock county.
Later he came back, but afterwards,
during the time of the rush to Califor-
nia, he fell in with the tide of emigra-
tion, and moved to that Eldorado of the
west, where he now resides.

Among the settlers of 1830, was Peter
Hale, who erected a cabin in what is
now Emmett township, just west of
where Macomb now stands, near the site
of the old grave yard. He was the first
coroner of this county. William Prin-
gle, also, made a settlement a short dis-
tance west of him about the same time.

William I. Pace, a Kentuckian, came
to this county in the fall of 1830, and
after spending the winter with T. J.
Pennington, he made a settlement in the
spring, on the place now owned by
Robert Venard, in Chalmers township,
where he remained some five years, re-
moving from thence into the adjoining
township of Scotland. He lived there
until 1855, when he passed to "that land
from whose bourne no traveler ever
returns."

Jacob Coffman erected a cabin on sec-
tion 8, Blandinsville township, in 1830,
also, and made some improvements.
After a few years he sold out and moved
to Missouri, but subsequently returned
to this county, where he died.

James H. Dunsworth came from his
native state of Tennessee, during the
year 1830, and locating upon section 8,
in Bethel township; opened up a farm.
He remained upon this place until Au-
gust, 1860, when he was summoned
hence by the angel of death.

John Wilson, a native of Washington
county, Kentucky, made a settlement in
1830, upan section 12, Chalmers town-
ship, where he lived until the fall of
1834, when he was murdered by the Mc-
Faddens, as related elsewhere.

Austen Coker, in 1830, settled down
with his family upon a farm in what is
now Industry township. IJe came from
Jackson county , x Tennessee. He died
while still a resident of McDonough.

Lewis F. Temple, a settler of 18 -JO,
came from Kentucky, and opened a farm
on section 3, Chalmers township. In
about 1835 he left for Iowa.

John Scroggins made a settlement in
Blandinsville township, on section 32, in
1830, but remained but a short time. He
made some improvements and built a
cabin, but sold out and moved farther
west.

On the first day of April, 1831, there
arrived at the cabin of John Baker,
which then stood on the site of the city
of Macomb, the newly appointed clerk
of the circuit court, James M. Campbell,
he being the fifth settler of that town,
the family of Mr. Baker consisting of
four persons. Perhaps there is no man
in the county, that has been more fully
identified with the interests of it, who
has been more active in advancing its
standing, or who has done more toward
developing its resources than Mr. Camp-
bell. He held the several offices of
county clerk, clerk of the circuit court,
county recorder, postmaster of Macomb,
and notary public for many years. A
full sketch of this eminent and honored
gentleman is given further on, in chap-
ter XII. He is still a resident of Ma-
after a life of fifty-four years

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

spent there, honored and respected by
all still a sturdy survivor of early days.
[_ 'Thomas Palmer, located in Colchester
township, on section 19, in the spring of
1831. He came from Morgan county,
and returned to that place after about
two years residence.

Moses Henton and Lawson H. Rob-
inson, came to Macomb village in 1831,
and opened a general store, a history of
which is given in its proper place in the
annals of that city.

Jonathan Reno, with his family, set-
tled in what is now Scotland township
in the spring of 1831. He, after open-
ing a farm, disposed of it to Charles Hays.

About the same time Roland Lee and
his son John, came to this township with
their families and made a settlement.
With them came Alexander and James,
also sons of Roland Lee, who were at the
time unmarried, but who soon obtained
partners and settled down. Cyrus
Walker purchased the land which he
owned here, of these Lees.

About the same time, settlements were
made in this locality by Josiah Huddles-
ton, Anthony Huddleston, Berry Stock-
ton, Elhannon Lane, Benjamin Rice,
Stephen Rice and others.

Huddleston and his family, "squat-
ted" upon section 34 in Scotland town-
ship, where he remained until 1834,
when he left the country. Berry Stock-
ton settled on section 33, of Industry
township, in 1832, and remained until
1836, when he went to Texas.

Nicholas B. Rodgers, settled in the
village of Macomb during the year 1831,
and died while a resident of the place in
after years.

John Anderson came from Columbia,
Adair county, Kentucky, in 1830, to
Lewistown, Fulton county, and in No-
vember, 1831, located two miles and a
half west of Macomb in Chalmers town-
ship, on the northeast quarter of section
3. Here he remained until about Sep-
tember, 1835, he moved into Macomb,
and purchased lot 1 in block 24, where
the city buildings are now built, and
erected a hotel which he operated until.
1846, when he was called to his reward.
He was a native of Washington county,
Pennsylvania, and moved to Kentucky
with his father in 1791, and settled near
New Castle, Henry county. There he
was married to Sarah London. In 1808
or nine, he removed to Columbia, Adair
county, and from thence to this state.

When Mr. Anderson came here he
purchased a claim of Lewis F. Temple,
on which was erected a small cabin about
fourteen feet square. In this small
building, a family of fourteen were com-
pelled to pass the winter, one of the
most severe ever experienced in the state.
They were compelled that winter, to
grate corn to live on as there were no
mills, and the corn was partially frosted
and even had they had mills they could
not have had it ground.

Samuel Bogart came to Macomb during
the early summer of 1831, and opened a
small grocery. He afterwards, in 1832,
commanded, as major, the odd battallioii
during the Black Hawk war. At its close,
or in 1833, he went to Iowa.

Salem Woods settled on section 30,
New Salem township in the fall of 1831,
although he had purchased it in 1827.
He was a native of Pennsyivania.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Hugli McDonougli made a settlement
in what is now Tennessee township dur-
ing the fall of 1831, where he resided
many years. Although he has since
died, several members of his family are
still living in McDonougli county.

A man by the name of Ladd came to
McDonough in the fall of 1831, and
took up his residence in a cabin already
built on section 17, Colchester township,
but left within a year's time.

Evan Martin, a native of Kentucky,
came to McDonough county in 1831, and
entered over ninety acres of land on sec-
tion 31, in what is now Hire township.
Here he opened and improved a farm,
and is still a resident of the township.

Arthur J. Foster located on section 2,
in Eldorado township during the year
1831, and made a settlement. On this
farm he resided until September 23,
1843, when death came to his home, and
took him from his family. He purchas-
ed the claim or the land held by Anson
Mathews. In 1836, Mr. Foster built the
first brick house in the township. To
him, also, belongs the credit of planting
the maple grove in which the Cumber-
land Presbyterian church is now built.
When he set it out he gave it out as his
intention that it was for that purpose,
and since his death, his wishes have
been fully carried out.

John Duncan made a settlement in
Blandinsville township in 1831, and re-
mained a resident until his death, many
years after.

William Venard, made a settlement in
Bethel township in 1831, on the place
now owned and occupied by his son,
George.

Joshua Hunt made a settlement in
what is now Colchester township, in
1831, on a farm about a mile west of the
present site of the town of Colchester.
He and his family remained on this
place until 1839, when he removed to a
house built on section 3. He has since
been " gathered to his fathers " but
some of the family are still residents of
the county.

James Fulkerson, in the winter of
1831-2, emigrated from Tennessee to
Illinois, and remained the balance of
that season in Jacksonville, Morgan
county. In the spring of 1832, he came
to McDonough county and located on
sections 28 and 29, in Tennessee town-
ship where he remained until overtaken
by death.

In the spring of 1832, Willis Way-
land, .Sr., located upon section 34, in
Chalmers township. He was a native
of Virginia, but came to this county
from Kentucky. He died while a resi-
dent of this place in 1861.

David Jenkins and his sons, William
and James, in the spring of 1832, came
to McDonough county from Tennessee,
and liking the looks of the land in La-
moine township, made a settlement
there. The elder Mr. Jenkins is now
living in Kansas, but the sons are both
residents of this county yet.

Among the other settlers of 1832, was
Daniel Sandidge, who in the spring of
that year located in Industry township,
opening a farm. He stayed there until
1833, in the fall, when he removed to
Eldorado township, and later to Schuy-
ler county, where he died in 1882.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

John Husliaw was another early
pioneer of the southeastern part of the
county, locating in the township now
known as Industry, in the month of
April, 1832.

Bethel township received another set-
tler in the person of Malachi Monk, in
the fall of 1832. He located on the west
half of the southwest quarter of section
7, and opened a farm. He made this his
residence until April, 1840, when he
died. His son, John Monk, came with
him and took up the east half of the
southwest quarter of the same section as
his father, where he has resided many
years.

Section 33, Chalmers township, re-
ceived a settler in 1832, in the person of
James McClure. He was a native of
Kentucky, but came to this state in an
early day and lived in Morgan county.
He was quite an oddity in his way. He
died a resident of the county.

James Head came to McDonough
county and settled in Emmet township,
on section 5, in 1832. Here he remained
until 1855, when he moved to the city of
Macomb, where he lived until overtaken
by death in 1863.

In 1832, Joseph Smith made the first
settlement in what is now Mound town-
ship, on section 18, where he remained
until the spring of 1837.

Joseph McCroskey, a native of Ken-
tucky, settled in Scotland township in
1832. He died in the city of Macomb.

John A. Chenoweth was a settler in
the town of Macomb during the year
1832; he was engaged in trade there for
some little time, but left in 1837, quite
suddenly.

Richard H. Churchill made a settle-
ment on section 14, in what is now Em-
met township, in 1832.

Dr. Charles Hays located on the south-
east quarter of section 34, Scotland
township, in 1833, purchasing the land
of Jonathan Reno.

Section 31, in Lamoine township, re-
ceived a settler in 1832, in the person of
Orvel Sherrel. He afterwards removed
to Missouri, where he died. Elijah
Poole, his father-in-law, at the same time
settled upon section 30, and moved with
him to Missouri, and is also numbered
with the "great majority."

Abel Friend about the same time lo-
cated upon section 30, but soon removed
to section 20. In 1848, h'e emigrated to
Iowa, where he afterwards died. His
father and brother Charles also came
with him, the former settling upon sec-
tion 8, the latter on 28.

Martin Fugate made his first settle-
ment in this county in Bethel township,
during the year 1832. He is now in
Bushnell, but some of his children are
still resident of the locality where the
father settled.

James C. Archer was also a settler in
this locality the same year.

John P. Kinkade entered a farm on
section 5, in Indiistry township, in 1832,
and putting up a cabin, entered upon
the labor of opening up a farm. He re-
sided here for many years, but has long
since been gathered to his fathers.

During the year 1832, a settlement
was made within the limits of what is
now Lamoine township, by Christopher
Yates. He put up a cabin and broke

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

about six acres of land, but soon left
and moved to Hancock county.

William McKamy, with his widowed
mother, located in Chalmers township
in 1832. He is still a resident of the
county; his mother is dead.

Rev. James King, a Tennesseean,
made a settlement in Lamoine township
in the fajl of 1832 or spring of 1833,
where he lived for many years. He was
a minister of the Methodist Episcopal
church, and a most excellent man, and
had the respect and esteem of all who
knew him.

Charles Dunsworth came to McDon-
ough county in the fall of 1832, and re-
mained all winter with his son James,
who had preceded him some two years.
In the spring of 1833 he settled on the
northeast quarter of section 17, in what
is now Bethel township, where he re-
mained until overtaken by death, in
1842.

This brings the settlement up to Jan-
uary 1, 1833. After that the country
began filling up more rapidly, until
in 1835, over 400 votes were cast in the
county, showing it then had a popula-
tion of nearly 2,000. The names given
above are simply an index of what will
be finished in the histories of the
respective townships, where will be
found the accounts of the settlement of
these and many other parties, in full de-
tail, which are not given here, to avoid
needless repetition, which space and
judgment forbid.

HISTORIC FIRST ITEMS.

The first child born in the county was
James, son of John Vance, who was

born May 18, 1828, on section 30, at
what was then known as " Job's Settle-
ment," now Blandinsville.

The first marriage in the county oc-
curred on the 30th of October, 1828,
when Rev. John Logan joined in wed-
lock the hands of John Wilson and
Martha B., daughter of James Vance, at
the residence of the latter, in Industry
township.

The first death in the county was
most likely an infant son of Isaac Fow-
ler, of Industry township, who died in
the summer of the year 1828, on sec-
tion 25.

The first school in the county was
taught by a man by the name of George
Dowell, in a log cabin on section 15, in
Industry township, during the year
1830.

The pioneer postofnce was that at
Macomb, which was established in 1831,
with James M. Campbell as postmaster,
the date of whose commission was Octo-
ber 1, of that year.

The first sermon ever preached in the
county was delivered by Rev. John
Logan, a Baptist clergyman, at the
cabin of William Stephens, on section
24, in Industry township, in the spring
of 1828.

The first professional lawyer in the
county was W. W. Chapman, in June,
1832.

The first physician to locate in the
county was Doctor Shuff, who settled in
Macomb during the early part of 1832.

The first newspaper was the McDon-
ough Independent, first issued Septem-
ber 12, 1851, at Macomb.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

The first term of the circuit court was
held at the house of John Baker, on the
site of the city of Macomb, on October
17, 1830, by Judge Richard M. Young.

Richard Dunn is believed to have
been the first white settler in the county,
Ic citing in what is now Hire township,
in 1825, and building a cabin and culti-
vating about four acres of corn that
year.

The first store opened in the county
was in Macomb, by James M. Campbell,
in 1831.

The first town laid out in the county
was Macomb, in 1831.

The first cooking stove was brought

into the county of McDonough by Salem
Woods, to Pennington's Point, in 1832.
James M. Campbell brought the second
one to the county.

The first Sunday school in the county
was organized at the old fort in Indus-
try township, two miles south of the
town of Industry, at what is now called
"the cross-roads," by Rev. John Logan,
a Baptist minister.

Rutherford McClure, of Tennessee
township, laid the first tile for drainage
purposes, in McDonough county,in 1872.
He purchased the tile from Abram Hor-
ricks, who established a small factory in
Colchester about that time.

CHAPTKR VI.

REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS AND PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS.

The following account of personal
matters is given to show the mode of life
under Avhich the pioneers labored, and
the incidents and stories of early life in
the county of McDonough, during the
embryoic stage of its growth. In the
cases where they have been written by
others, the compiler of this volume has
in no case altered them, but inserted
them just as they were handed to us.
The expressions of an individual, as
shown in the writing, are sometimes as
good an index to character and peculiar-
ities as much as the painting or engrav-
ing. These incidents are interesting
and well worthy of perusal.

Whatever of romance adhered to the
lives of the hardy colonists, was abund-
antly compensated for by hard labor.
Contrast the journey of that devoted
party through the roadless and bridge-
less tract between civilization and their
future home, with a company on a like
journey to-day. Instead of weeks of
labor and toil, privation and suffering,
with cold and hunger, a seat is taken in
a palace car, unexceptional meals are
partaken of without leaving the train,
the passenger retires upon a downy
couch, and, in all probability, awakes to
find himself at his point of destination
in central or western Illinois, having

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COD NT Y.

only lost a day or two on his journey.
Those who enjoy these blessings would
be less than human, if they were not
filled with gratitude toward these early
settlers, who paved the way, and actually
made the present state of things possi-
ble. At that time the confines of civili-
zation were on the lakes ; Chicago was
just beginning to be a village and Mil-
waukee was a mere vidette, an outpost of
civilization. There was comparatively
nothing in the now great state of Illinois,
with her almost innumerable railroad
lines spanning the state in all directions,
except the intrinsic merit of the location,
to attract people from their more or less
comfortable homes in the east, or from
on the other side of the briny deep. The
hope as to the future, which "springs
eternal in the human heart," was what
lured them on, and although those who
came were usually regarded by the
friends they left behind, as soldiers of
fortune, who, if they ever returned at
all, would indeed be fortunate. They
were a sturdy race, who realized the in-
equality of the struggle in the old states
or countries, and resolved to plant them-
selves where merit would not be sup-
pressed by traditions.

The men who came were, as a rule,
enterprising, open-hearted and sympa-
thizing ; they were good neighbors, and
so good neighborhoods were created,
and they illustrated the idea of the
brotherhood of man more by example
than by quoting creeds, with a bravery
that never blanched in the presence of
the most appalling danger, they never-
theless were tender, kind and consider-
ate in the presence of misfortune, and

their deficiency in outward manifesta-
tions of piety was more than compen-
sated by their love and regard for hu-
manity. And if this meed of praise is
justly due to the men, and it certainly
is, what shall be said of the heroic
women who braved the vicissitudes of
frontier life, endured the absence of
home, friends and old associations,
whose tender ties must have wrung all
hearts as they were severed. The devo-
tion which would lead to such a break-
ing away, to follow a father, a husband
or a son into the trackless waste border-
ing on the Mississippi, where gloomy
apprehensions must have arisen in the
mind, is above all praise. The value of
the part taken by the noble women who
first came to this wild region cannot
be over-estimated. Although by nature
liberal, they practiced the most literal
economy, and often at critical times pre-
served order, reclaiming the men from
despair during gloomy periods; and
their example of industry constantly
admonished him to renewed exertion,
and the instincts of womanhood con-
stantly encouraged integrity and man-
hood.

As to the effects of frontier life upon
those who have secured homes in the
west, a few observations may not be in-
appropriate.

Years ago the Rev. Dr. Bushnell, a
noted divine in the east, preached a ser-
mon on the barbarous tendencies of civ-
ilization in the west, and on this the
reverend gentleman predicated an urgent
and we almost said, frantic appeal to
Christianity to put forth renewed and

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

strenuous efforts to save the west from a
relapse into barbarism. This tendency
was supposed to result from the disrup-
tion of social and religious ties, the
mingling of heterogeneous elements,
and the removal of the external re-
straints, so common, and supposed to be
so patent, in older communities. Dr.
Bushnell did not have a sufficiently ex-
tended view of the subject, for in look-
ing over the history of the past, we find
that in a nomadic position thera is never
any real progress in refinement. Insti-
tutions for the elevation of the race must
be planted deep in the soil before they
can raise their heads in beauty and maj-
esty toward heaven, and bear fruit for
the enlightenment of nations. The evils
of which Dr. Bushnell was so afraid are
merely temporary in their character and
will have no lasting impression. What
actually happens is this: At first there
is an obvious increase of human free-
dom, but the element of self-govern-
ment everywhere largely predominates,
and the fusion of the races, which is
inevitable, will in due time create a com-
posite nationality, or a race as unlike as
it must be superior to those that have
preceded it. Even now, before the first
generation has passed away, society in
the west has- outgrown the irritation of
transplanting, and there are no more
vicious elements in society here than in
the east, as the criminal statistics will
abundantly verify.

During the year 1831, Samuel McGee
built a mill on Crooked creek, in Ten-
nessee township, and while he had all
the neighbors helping raise the frame,

Miss Martha McGee carried all the
water and provisions to them from their
house, a mile and a half distant, One
day, while carrying their dinner to the
force, she had an adventure that was
startling, to say the least, She was on
horseback, and she had scarcely gone a
quarter of a mile from the parental
roof when they were attacked by a pan-
ther. The scared horse, leaving her,
ran off homeward, but she alarmed the
men at the mill, who immediately started
in pursuit. All that afternoon the chase
continued and until the next morning,
when Moses Holiday shot the animal
and brought it home.

AN INCIDENT.

During the winter of 1832-3, in In-
dustry township, Kev. Philip Corder
was at the house of Jonathan Reno, for
the purpose of holding services, the lat-
ter named gentleman having the largest
house in the neighborhood at that time.
It was a bitter cold day, and the rev-
erend gentleman had just arrived and
stood by the fire-place long enough to
get partially warm, when the genial
Jonathan, who was not a professor of
religion, (although his wife was), called
Rev, Corder outside the door and in-
structed him not to preach a warmer
climate for the her eaf ter,because his wife
would surely leave him to seek a more
genial climate.

The family were from the State of
Tennessee, and Mrs. Reno was greatly
dissatisfied with the severe weather they
had experienced in this new country.
Rev. Corder afterward acknowledged, in
a conversation with a friend, that the

F,,.<!,v'-;iW'l!iaiT"i .IB N.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

101

interview with Mr. Reno had so taken
him down that he was almost at a loss
to know what to say during the services
which followed.

In December, 1830, James Clarke
went to Springfield, and, in behalf of
the county, entered the quarter section
upon which the old town of Macomb
was subsequently laid out. For this
service he was allowed the munificent
sum of three dollars, which was cer-
tainly well earned, for, while returning,
he was overtaken by the big snow storm
so well remembered by all the old set-
tlers, and it was with great difficulty
that he arrived safely at home. The
snow began to fall when he was between
Springfield and Beardstown, and in a
few hours time all traces of the road
were obliterated, and the only way by
which he could with certainty know he
was pursuing the right course was by
observing the trees and large weeds he
had noticed in previously passing over
the road. The recollection of this "big
snow" is vividly impressed upon the
mind of more than one old settler, and
the remembrance of the horrors of that
long winter will never be obliterated
while their lives shall last. The snow
began falling the night of the 29th of
December, continuing to fall for three
days and nights, until it reached an
average depth of about four feet, drift-
ing in places as high as eighteen or
twenty feet. Great suffering was exper-
ienced in consequence. The settlers
relied for their daily food upon the
Indian corn which they were enabled to
raise, together with the wild game,

which was abundant at that time.-
Plenty of the former was raised to sup-
ply the wants of all until the next sea-
son's crop ; but when the snow fell, but
little had been gathered; game could
not be had. The great depth of the
snow was a barrier to all travel, and it
may well be imagined the sufferings of
the people were great indeed. In a let*
ter, published in March, 1876, in
Chirkc's Monthly, James Clarke thus
graphically described the situation:

"The snow fell an average depth of
about four feet, and remained on the
ground for about three months. All
kinds of wild game literally starved to
death. Before the snow fell the deer were
as fat as could be, and before it passed
away they were so poor they were not
fit to eat. AVild turkeys would fall from
the limbs of trees. The morning after
the snow fell my wife was about three
hours shoveling it from our cabin. We
then lived about one hundred yards from
the house lately occupied by Isaac
Haines, a little southwest of Macomb.
I did not have my corn gathered, and
had a good sized family to feed, and had
five horses and some cattle. As soon as
possible I sent John Wilson, the young
man afterwards murdered by McFadden,
with the horses to Morgan county to have
them kept through the winter. Each day
we would have to go out to the field, and
where we could see a stalk of corn stand-
ing above the snow reach down until he
came to the ear, pull it off, gathering
enough for the day. There were no
mills in the country, and each family
would, with a mortar and pestle, pound
their corn so as to make bread. A few

102

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

were fortunate enough to have large
graters with which they would grate up
the corn. The first thing done each
morning would be to build the fire and
put on a big pot of water in which the
corn would be thrown and boiled awhile,
then taken out and grated and made into
good, wholesome bread. This, with what
game we could get, was what we had to
live on during the long winter."

" Several families came to the county
that fall, and, of course, had no corn.

All things were then held more than
common. Those that had none were
welcome to help themselves from their
more fortunate neighbors, all that was
required of them being that they should
gather it themselves. Resin Naylor,
better known as "Boss" Naylor, was one
of that class, and it was a little amusing
to see him go out to the fields, walking for a
time on top of the silow, on which a crust
was formed, but now and then going
through, getting his corn, and come in
blowign like a porpoise and sweating
dreadfully. But we all managed to live,
and had good cause to be thankful it was
no worse. The young men and women of
this day have little knowledge of what a
pioneer life consisted. Away out upon
an almost boundless prairie, far from
home and kindred, with an opportunity
of hearing from them only every few
months, it was dreary indeed, but how
different it is now! However far the
distance, they can be communicated with
in a few moments time."

BY HUMPHREY HOREIBIN.

Mr. Horribin, a sturdy Briton who
left his island home and came to this
country in 1847, emigrated on account

of the overcrowded state of that coun-
try, and the little chance there was there
of rising above the position of a labor-
er for those who happened to be born in
the humbler walks of life. Feeling
within himself the consciousness of some-
thing more than the satisfaction of mere
animal wants, he packed up his bag-
gage and started for the new world,
where he had learned there was room for
all, and no place too high for any to
reach. After he had been here many
years, and had reached a point of ease
and competence he returned on a visit to
the land of his nativity, and while there
had a conversation with a friend of his
youth. Mr. Horribin, in giving an ac-
count of it, prefaces it with these re-
marks; "When I landed in this country
I was poor as could be, having but two
dollais in my pocket, and no expecta-
tions, but by hard work accumulated"
some property, being able to spend
about a thousand dollars in making two
trips to the old home to see the dear old
mother. I may have vaunted somewhat
about this but my object was to show
my poor friends that America was the
place for the oppressed and poverty
stricken. While there I met with an
old friend, a shoemaker, who remarked
" If I had all the money that you have
spent in going to, and coming from
America, it would set me up in business,
buy me a stock of leather that would
last me as long as I live." " It is evi-
dent," I replied, "that I have either
money or friends, or I could not do it."
He then said " I wish I had gone to
America with you, and when you did."
I simply relate this fact to demonstrate
that I appreciate the blessings of this,

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

103

my adopted home, and to give a correct
idea of the difference in the countries in
this respect.

REMINISCENCE OF ANDREW H. WALKER.
[Transcribi d by his son, Montgomery A. Walker]

The Walker family settled in Pennsyl-
vania, but moved from there to Bock-
bridge county, Virginia. My father
lived about two miles from the Natural
Bridge and frequently visited it with
persons who were anxious to see the great
curiosity. From there he removed to
Kentucky, as did nearly all of his
brothers, and settled in Adair county, in
early times. The Indians had removed
from there, but occasionally we would be
excited by news of Indian depredations
on the borders of the state. Some of the
Walkers' went to Tennessee, and settled
there. Some went to Ohio and Indiana,
and many of the young generation to
Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Kansas. I
went to school which would be kept one
term of three months in a year. When
about 12 years old I went to school in
Columbia, Adair county, to learn the
Latin language, after which I went into
Green county to school and continued to
study Latin. I boarded at my Uncle
Andy McMahans. After that I again
went to a school in Columbia, kept by
Thomas Cheek and with him read Latin
and some in the Greek Testament. I
then went to John Sutton to study
Euclid's elements of geometry and sur-
veying. I lived at home and went to his
school in the country. After that I re-
mained awhile at home and helped
brother Abner about his farm work.
After I was grown I went to study law

in Columbia, at brother Cyrus' law office,
and boarded with him. On obtaining
my law license, I went home and worked
around the farm until our family deter-
mined to leave Kentucky and come to
Illinois.

Abner had been out to look at Illinois
and spoke very highly of it as a state.
Sanders W. Campbell determined to
move to Illinois, and our family united
with him and hired Alexander Walker,
who had come back from Illinois where
he lived, to move his brother-in-law out
to that state, but his brother-in-law had
made other arrangements, and his team
was not wanted, so Sanders and me
loaded our effects in Alexander's wagon
and started to move to Illinois, in Sep-
tember, 1830, and were nearly a month
on the road. Alexander landed us at his
house, in the Irish Grove, Sangamon
county, where we emptied our goods out
of his wagon on the day after we landed,
into an unfinished school house, where
we staid befogged with smoke. Had
to go eight miles to a horse mill and get
a little corn meal to live on. We found
that the ague prevailed extensively over
the county and numbers of persons were
moving away from the state on account
of sickness. We staid about ten days in
Irish Grove, and then moved to Clarey's
Grove, where we lived that winter, and
rented ground in the spring from James
White, on whose farm Sanders built a
house to live in. We lived in a little
cabin close by. During the last days of
December there fell a deep snow, about
three feet, and which lay all winter. I
had gone down on Indian creek, in Mor-
gan county, where brother Abner had
moved and settled, and got a school made

104

HISTORY OF McDONOTJGH COUNTY.

up but did not teach more than a week
until the snow fell which put a stop to
the school for the time. I staid two or
three weeks with Abner, waiting for the
snow to settle, and finally we made a
company to go to Clarey's Grove. We
toiled nearly all day through the snow
to get to that place, and were glad to get
through the same day. We had to take
our turns in breaking the road, each one
leading awhile and then dropping back
and let another go ahead. During that
winter we had hard times gathering corn
out of the fields to feed on, hauling wood
and getting grinding at the horse mills,
while the river mill on Sangamon river,
at New Salem, was frozen up, and the
roads snowed over deeply. Even beasts
of the forest and fowls of the air had
hard scuffling to live and got quite poor.
Some people run down deer with dogs
and horses, but when killed they were
too poor to eat. Babbits barked the
sumach bushes as high above the snow
as they could reach. People made
jumper sleighs, toward the last of winter
and went to mill in companies. About
the 8th of March, 1831, we got sight of
the ground on the high knoll in the
prairie. Early the previous fall a snow
fell that was about eight or ten inches
deep, and we gathered corn while it was
on the ground. That fall was warm and
continued so almost up to December. In
the spring of 1831, people had trouble
to get seed corn that would grow, and we
made two trips to Indian Creek to get
some. After we got our corn planted,
Sanders and I came over to McDonough
county, to look for places to settle upon,
but found none. After harvest we came
again and I bought an improvement, or

claim, on Camp creek six miles south of
Macomb, to which we moved in the fall.
That winter was very cold; the ice froze
011 the creek a foot or more thick and the
prairie was iced over. I went back to
Clarey's Grove and packed over some
meat on my horse for our winter's pro-
vision. We lived in a log cabin, not
hewed and not well finished. The chim-
ney had mud jambs and a sod or stick
funnel. On the night of the 27th of Sep-
tember we had a severe frost. The corn
was so badly frozen that it looked yellow,
and you could smell it as you rode by
the fields. October 4, 1831, we had a
snow fall four inches deep.

I bought an improvement of Wesley
Moore, on the south side of Camp creek,
below the McKamy farm, and .moved to
it in the spring of 1832. Sanders
moved at the same time and settled on
the west half of the same quarter. We
rented ground, and had difficulty to get
good seed corn, on account of the cold-
ness of the spring and frosted corn. We
had to go to Beardstown and buy seed
corn that was shipped from Kentucky,
and planted our corn all over again. We
also went over to Morgan county to get
seed wheat. The latter did very well,
as did stock of all kinds. Money was
very scarce, aud we had but little to
market, yet taxes were very low and lux-
uries not necessary, and we got along
with as little worry and discontent as
people commonly undergo. Quintus
Walker married Mahala Campbell, on
Camp creek, on the 4th day of August,
1833.

After a year or so Cyrus and Gilmer
Walker and Dr. Hays moved to Camp
creek. Gilmer settled and lived a while

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

105

on Grindstone creek. From there he
moved to a farm on the north side of
Camp creek, and from there he moved
to his farm in Walnut Grove township.
.1 married Jane Campbell, on 'Camp
creek, March 20, 1834. Brother Abner
had previously moved from Morgan
county, and had settled in the Bacon
prairie, below Macomb, but from there
he moved to Camp creek and built
Cyrus a house on that stream. From
there he removed to section 16, Macomb
township, where he united with George
Miller in building a mill, a short dis-
tance southeast from his place. While
he was living there, Gilmer moved up
to Walnut Grove, and shortly after we
moved and settled on section 16, of the
same township, The county all around
us was open and unsettled, and game
ranged over the prairie in gangs and
flocks. We had good wood to burn and
prairie grass to mow on our extensive
prairies. Prairie chickens were abund-
ant, as were also wolves. Wild fruits
were also plentiful. Sometimes we
attended camp meetings eighteen or
twenty miles away.

Quintus built a log cabin, in 1838, on
the northeast quarter of section 16,
Walnut Grove township, and Alexander
Campbell built a log cabin on the north-
west quarter of section 16. His son,
John, built a cabin on the southwest
quarter of section 16, and I built one
on the southeast quarter of the same
section, but when the sale of the section
came off, the east half of the southeast
quarter was struck off to a higher bid-
der, so I lost it. The neighbors tore
down my cabin, and helped me to move

and raise it on the west half of the
northeast quarter of the section. In a
few years after we moved on to the
section.

Uncle David Campbell and Robert
Perry moved from Tennessee to our
section. Uncle David stayed two or
three years, and then went back to Ten-
nessee. Uncle Robert died of erysip-
elas. His wife, Aunt Peggy, moved
back to Tennessee. Mr. Bishop settled
west of us, six or seven years after we
moved on the section. The Mormon
war broke out and I went, at the call for
the militia, to Carthage, and remained a
few days and came home. It was
awfully wet that season, 1844. John
and David Campbell married Mr.
Bridges' daughters, and Mary Ann
Campbell married John Bishop. Abner
Walker moved, and settled in the Linn
Grove about this time.

Our peaceful and quiet time was
interrupted by the appearance of a
malignant fever among us, in the fall of
1845, which removed by death Alex-
ander Campbell, on the 17th of October,
and my wife, Jane, on the 29th of the
same month. In the fall of 1846, nearly
everyone around us had the chills, but
there were but few deaths. Not long
after, Frost Combs, who had moved for
the second time from Kentucky to this
state, and who had settled on section
16, close to us, lost his son, Jesse, by
congestive chills, and in a year or so
moved back to Kentucky, where he lived
a few years, when he moved to Kansas
territory, where he afterward died. We
continued to live on at a slow-jogging
gait and plain way, improving our farms
by little and little. Produce was low;

106

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

people hauled their wheat to the river
mostly and sold it at low prices. We
built school houses and started schools,
although money was very scarce.

After a good deal of speaking and
subscribing a railroad was built, and
then there was a rise in lands and
produce, and the county rapidly filled
up with new settlers. Taxes and expen-
ditures increased, and fashion and ex-
travagance grew upon us. The people
were much in debt, and, to crown all,
the banks were unstable and smashing
up.

EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF MCDONOUGH

COUNTY.
[Thomas Fulkerson.]

The earth was covered with a heavy
coat of grass of the blue stem variety,
often eight and ten feet high. In the
spring it was interspersed with flowers
of every hue. The earth was mostly
wet or marshy, and ponds of water were
numerous, owing to the absence of
drains, for a continuous sod prevailed
about all over the land, so the roots ob-
structed the flow of water, and the high
grass shaded the earth. Few roads, and
grass often growing between the tracks
of the wheels.

Wild game abounded on every hand;
deer were often see in herds of 15 or 20.
They seemed to be very happy, often
playing and frolicing near to civiliza-
tion, and instances have been known
where some old buck has contested the
right of way with man, sometimes prov-
ing victorious. Wolves seemed inclined
to court the acquaintance of man, or
more especially of his pigs and sheep.
Ring hunts were often resorted to for

their special benefit. Every one for
miles around starting for a common cen-
tre, making all the noise possible, aim-
ing to enclose all game in the circle.
Language fails me to paint the scenes of
excited man and beast as the ring was
nearly closed; the beast to escape and
man to destroy them.

The scream of the panther was of
common occurrence, whilst lynxes, foxes,
catamounts, etc., were aiming to remain
permanent citizens of our country.

Faint hearted would be the old settler
who could not recount numerous adven-
tures, hair breadth escapes, in which he
was the principal hero.

Snakes seemed to contest every foot of
territory with man. The big timber,
or yellow rattlesnake, the prairie rattle-
snake, blue racer and many other kinds
seemed to flourish grandly. Snake dens
were a familiar sight.

Wild geese, cranes and ducks, filled
our ponds and lakes in the spring of the
year. The noise made by them could be
heard for miles around and when they
were alarmed, take flight and almost ob-
scure the sun from vision.

Fires ran over the country, every
spring and fall.

Every one belonged to the fire bri-
gade, for it was no respecter of persons
or places, as grass or leaves grew every-
where and roads afforded no barrier to
it, so it went out only when it had noth-
ing more to burn or was surrounded.
The man or woman be who would not
fight for such a cause was considered too
cowardly to exist.

The pioneers were mostly of limited
means and had to move slowly. Houses
to build, farms to make, their dress was

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

107

mostly homespun, for store clothes were
a rarity. They farmed on a primitive
style, using barshare and cory plows,
and other tools of similiar grade. ,

They patronized the water mill, the
horse mill the hand mill the mortar
the grater and when these failed they
took a trip to the river for their bread-
stuff, yet they lived well, mostly often
delicacies on their table, such as game,
maple syrup, honey, etc.

Among the prominent features of
these times was the chills and fe"ver, or
ague, as it was called. Often three
quarters of the inhabitants were its vic-
tims and such woe-begone visaged, hol-
low-chested looking set of folks were
hardly ever seen; yet few deaths were
caused by this disease.

The above state of affairs existed for
many years, for we had no home market,
no railroad, telegraph, etc., and but lit-
tle capital to subdue our wild lands and
build our future homes.

[By Isaac Opp.]

In the spring of 1842, I left Stephen-
son county, Illinois, where I had been
living, and desiring to see my sister who
resided at Cuba, Fulton county, I took
passage with four Mormons, who had
built a flat boat, and were going to
Nauvoo. This was on the Pecatonica
river. We had to float all the way, hav-
ing no way of propelling our craft. Our
route was down the Pecatonica to Rock
river, thence down to the Mississippi
and by. the "Father of waters," reach
Nauvoo, which we finally reached. I
remained here about two days, viewing
the temple and other curiosities. I then
shouldered my knapsack and accouter-
ments and started for Carthage, a foot,

there being no conveyance. This was
21 miles away, without a house or fence
between, and as my route lay inland
away from any streams I suffered
severely for water, and even got down
and drank out of a cow track, it having
rained the night before. When I reached
Carthage, my feet were past going any
further, and there being no conveyance
from there to Macomb, until Monday of
the next week, when there was to be an
extra coach put on, to bring Supreme
Judge Stephen A. Douglas, and three
lawyers to Macomb, I remained and
came with them. I remained all night
with the Judge and lawyers in the
"Baldy" Clarke hotel, that was then on
the west side of the square. The next
morning I hired a team and man to
carry me to Bernadotte, by way of
Pennington's Point and Table Grove,
crossing Camp creek at the head of
Pennington's Point. There was nei-
ther house or fence across the prairie
to Table Grove, and only one in
the grove, and that was occupied by
James Spicer. From Bernadotte I
walked 10 miles north to Centerville,
now called Cuba, where I remained two
weeks, then started home to Stephenson
county, via Peoria, Northampton, Indian
Town, Princeton, French Grove, to
Dixon. We arrived at the latter place
at 11 P. M., this being the terminous of
the stage route, and it having snowed
all day and part of the night, I staid at
the hotel till morning, when I contin-
ued my journey on foot. I crossed
Rock river and went north to Buffalo
Grove, which was 11 miles distant, there
being two houses in the grove and none
between Dixon and there, and scarcely

108

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

any road. There was no road from the
Grove to Freeport where I had to go to
get home. The inhabitants directed me
as well as they could to that point, it be-
ing 25 miles from Buffalo Grove, there
was neither house, fence nor water
course to guide my steps, and no road
except an Indian trail. This I took but
when only half way, the shades of night
began to hover around me in which I
began to wander until I come to a wagon
road leading east and west, which I af-
terward found led to Rockford and
Cherry Grove. I took this road think-
ing I would soon come to some house or
grove, but I did not, when at last being
overcome with hunger, thirst and weari-
ness, I began making preparations for a
night on the prairie. The grass was all
burned off at this place except a little
in the middle of the road. This I gath-
ered together as well as I could and
made me a bed. The wind blew so
cold that I could not sleep, so I got up
and went on as long as I could stand
this, I kept repeating, always keeping
near the road so that if I should die
some one might find me. The wolves
were howling niost hideously on all sides
In passing on I came to where the grass
was not burned. Here, had I been
prepared with matches as a traveler
should be, I might have built fire enough
to have kept warm, but I commenced to
make me a bed of grass in which I lay
till morning, when I awoke and found
that my feet and hands were frozen (the
nails afterward came off). AVhen I
awoke there were three deer within a
few rods of me. When they saw me
they soon took flight and were soon out
of sight. From here I could see a

grove a few miles distant, and to this I
made my way as fast as circumstances
would allow. On reaching this point I
saw a house still farther on, and to this
I made my way where I was kindly wel-
comed. Here, after partaking of a good
breakfast and a sound sleep, resumed
my journey, having sufficiently recov-
ered, and in my wandering during the
night had not gone any out of my way
for I had now only eight miles to go to
the Pecatonica river, which I waded, the
distance from the river, home, was only
one-half mile, but when I got there my
clothes were frozen stiff. Indians at
that time were plenty, but they were
friendly.

I remained here for about two years,
when I made up my mind to come to
McDonough county, and started, this
time walking to Galena, and there tak-
ing passage in a boat named the Old
Brazil, for Burlington, where I remained
over night, visiting friends. From there
I came to Macomb in a hack, and from
there I walked across the prairie and
into the edge of Fulton county to my
brother-in-law's, Jacob Ritters, where I
remained till May 3rd 1846.

At the request of many of the old
settlers, the following reminiscences are
taken from the history of McDonough
county, written by S. J. Clarke some
years ago, as they wish them preserved.

RECOLLECTIONS OF JOHN WILSON.

Until 1848, when I was married, I
cannot say that I ever had a home, On
the thirtieth day of October, 1828, I
was married to Martha R. Vance by
Elder John Logan, with whom I yet
live.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

109

When I commenced farming I had
one horse and three cows. The first year
I broke my land with a Barshire plow, a
wooden affair. I borrowed a wagon from
William Moore, who was just, from
Georgia. He went crazy soon afterward
and was taken back by his friends.
After this I made a wagon myself en-
tirely of wood, the wheels of which were
made solid and hewed out of a large
tree. There being no iron about it,
I had to keep it well soaped to keep it
from being set on fire by the friction. I
now had three calves, two of which I
yoked together, and the third harnessed
and used as a leader. With them I done
my plowing, and hitched them to my
wagon and done all my hauling of wood
and rails, they being able to draw ten or
twelve rails to the load. This wooden
wagon we used for several years, going
to mill with it and doing all my hauling.

What little education I have, I got
after we were married. Got a United
States spelling-book and a primer, and
at night, while my wife was spinning,
would throw a quantity of brush upon
the fire, having first placed in the fire-
place a large back-log, and lying down
on the floor, by the light given, would
study. Would do this after having
worked hard all day mauling rails and
other work. In this way I soon mastered
my speller and primer and then took up
the bible, reading it through twice,when
I thought myself able to read anything.
By the same course of study I obtained
a little knowledge of geography and
arithmetic.

Game was very abundant in the early
times, and wild animals were not uncom-
mon, such as wolf, wildcat, fox, lynx,

badgers, and even the black bear. Deer
were very plentiful. The strength and
powers of endurance of this animal are
wonderful indeed. I once shot and crip-
pled one, when the dogs attacked it and
fought it a long time, until I got in an-
other shot, when it jumped about twenty
feet away from the dogs that were hold-
ing it, and fell dead. One morning I
heard my dogs barking and went to see
what was the matter, when I discovered
they were chasing a little fawn. Caught
it and carried it in my arms to the house,
where it grew up as a pet. One day
some strange dogs came around, and,
frightening it, caused it to break one of its
legs. I tied it down for the purpose of fix-
ing it, when it endeavored to get away. At
last it gave a powerful leap and actually
pulled itself in two, thus killing itself.

I have an old flint-lock rifle, one traded
for when I first came to the county. It
was then an old gun and had done much
service, but still to-day it is in as good
order as it ever was, and as true as the
modern breech-loader. As I roamed the
wild forest, often this gun was my only
companion, and it was always faithful.
Many are the exciting incidents that
could be related in connection with it;
A short time ago one of my little grand-
sons desired to see me shoot it. To
please the boy, I took the faithful old
gun from its hook on the Avail, and, as
was my custom nearly a half century
ago, threw it across my shoulder and
started forth for game. We soon spied
a squirrel in a tall oak. Took aim and
fired. Though my hand was not so steady
or my eye so keen as it used to be, I
brought the little animal to the ground.

I well remember quite an exciting

110

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

fight I had with a lynx, one winter.
During the day a good sized calf had
died, and that night it snowed. While
out doing chores the next morning, no-
ticed some tracks near the carcass of the
calf which I supposed were made by a
panther, knowing it must -be somewhere
near by, I called my dogs that they
they might trace it, but when they came
they refused to go near it. Then went over
to Vances for a couple of hounds which
were glad enough for a fight, and soon
had the animal treed; it was as large as
a gray wolf and resembled one. Got my
old flint-lock and determined to have a
fight. I shot its paw a time or two but
it would not jump from the tree. Then
shot it in the head knocking it down.
The dogs would run up to it and each
time would have great pieces of flesh
torn from their bodies by the savage
animal. I thought I would help the
dogs, so got a club and waded in, when
the lynx, dogs and myself had a lively
battle, but we were too much for it, and
at last killed it. For many years we
kept the skin of this fierce lynx that had
fought so hard for its life.

Accommodations in Macomb in those
early days were not so great as they are
now. Wm. Shannon and myself were
once summoned to attend court as wit-
nesses, and when we arrived, the houses
were all full and we could get no place
to stop. We were compelled to go out
of town a short distance, and crawl under
a hay stack to sleep during the night.

I used to raise large fields of cotton
and we made all the cotton goods we
used. Also raised flax, which we spun
and wove and made into goods. We
didn't buy many " store goods" tl^eii.

Have on my place a log house built in
1829, now fifty-six years old, but we have
out-grown it, and live in more modern
style.

Was born in Jackson county, Tennes-
see, November 2, 1806.

REMINISCENCES OF R. L. DARK.

I first came to McDonough county in
1829 and with my family camped upon
Camp creek. The Indians were then
still numerous in the county and often
came to our cabin. My wife could not
rid herself of a natural fear of the red
man, and desired to return to Schuyler
county, from which we removed. To
this I objected. Twice, while I was
away, she packed up all our household
goods, preparatory to starting, but I re-
turned just in time to stop all such pro-
ceedings. Business again called me
away, and had no sooner left than she
again packed up, and loading the goods
on the wagon, with our two little ones
she started for the vicinity of Rushville.
Met them a short distance from the
Schuyler county line and tried to pre-
vail on her to return, but this time with-
out avail. No amount of coaxing could
make her change her mind. As "the
mountain would not go to Mahomet, Ma-
homet would have to go to the mountain,"
so went with her, and we settled near
Rushville, where we lived about four
years, and as a considerable settlement
had been made near the present town of
Industry, again prevailed on my wife to
go with me to McDonough county,
where we settled on the farm on which
we now live, on section 30, Industry
township. We have never regretted so

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Ill

doing, notwithstanding we have seen
hard times, yet we believe "all is for the
best."

MARTHA RUSSELL'S REMINISCENCES.

My father, William Priiigle, moved to
this county in 1830, when I was a very
young girl; but remember the occur-
rences of that day very distinctly. The
"big snow" of that year comes to my
mind just as vividly as if it was but yes-
terday. Was a terrible winter, indeed.
For three long months we could hardly
stir out of our house.

My father settled west of Macomb,
near the old cemetery; for a barn he used
his wagon, and sheltered his horses un-
der the broad canopy of heaven, allow-
ing them to graze around upon the prai-
ries, they going out in the morning and
home at night. Among the horses he
had one we called "Old Bill," who was as
white as the driven snow. One day,
while the horses were out, the prairie
was discovered on fire, and soon all re-
turned in great fear but old Bill. The
fire swept by, and old Bill came in, but
now his color was entirely changed, he
being as black as a coal, the fire having
singed off every bit of his hair. By care-

ful treatment he was saved, but ever
after this, when the smell of fire was in
the air, he would scamper home in a
hurry.

About 1830, a man named Thomas
Morgan married a widow lady with a lit-
tle girl about three years old. The little
one had the chills and probably gave
some annoyance to the man. One day
he took her with him to the woods to
gather blackberries, and, as he said, car-
ried along some coals to make a fire in
case a chill should come on the girl.
When he returned home the little one
was noticed by its mother all stained
with blackberries. Examining her body
she found the inhuman wretch, her hus-
band, had with coals of fire, burned her
body in a terrible manner, afterwards
staining it with berries to hide the mark.
Peter Hale took the little one to his
house where she lingered about three
days, when she died and was the third
person to be buried in the old grave
yard. The wretch was arrested, and
there being no jail at Macomb, he was
taken to Rushville for safe keeping, from
which he escaped and was never after-
wards heard from. Thus the gallows
was cheated out of a deserved victim.

112

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

CHAPTER

THE BLACK HAWK WAR.

The causes that led to this war reach
away back to and beyond the Winne-
bago or Sauk war, in 1827. Prior even
to that date the Indians upon the north-
ern border of Illinois, not only com-
menced hostilities upon one another,
but, in 1825, extended their warfare
toward the white settlements. A treaty
of peace between the Winnebagoes,
Sioux, Chippewas, Sauk and Foxes de-
nning the boundaries of the possessions
of each, was entered into at Prairie du
Chien, on the 19th of August, 1825,
brought about mainly by the mediation
of the whites in that neighborhood.
But, in spite of the treaty, depredations
and murders still continued frequent,
and in 1827, their conduct, especially that
of the Winnebagoes grew worse. It would
seem, however, that the whites, who
earnestly desired the removal of their
red neighbors, used every means to ex-
asperate the Indians, and then exagger-
ated the amount of depredations com-
mitted.

A combination was formed by the
different tribes of Indians, under Red
Bird, a chief of the Sioux, to extermi-
nate the white invaders above Rock river.
This league commenced operations by
killing two white men near Prairie du
Chien, Wisconsin, June 24, 1827, and on
the 30th of the same month they attacked

two keel boats that were returning to
Fort Snelling from Fort Crawford, where
they had conveyed military stores, and
killed two of the crew and wounded four
others, before they were repulsed. Gov-
ernor Edwards anticipating trouble, had
issued orders on the 14th of July, to the
commandants in General Hanson's brig-
ade, located on the east side of the Illi-
nois river, to detach one-fourth of their
respective regiments, and hold them-
selves in readiness to meet any attack of
the Indians. He, also, on the same day,
issued orders for the acceptance of six
hundred volunteers. Under this call,
one company of cavalry and four of in-
fantry were recruited and marched to
Galena, but before their arrival, Red
Bird and six of his principal chiefs had
surrendered and the campaign came to
an end. While these troops were being
recruited and proceeding to the scene of
operation, the settlers were not idle. A
committee of safety had been formed
and agreeably to the orders of Governor
Edwards, the miners in that part of the
country were enrolled in companies
and equipped, and temporary defenses
thrown up. These hastily formed
militia were placed under the command
of General Henry Dodge, and formed
an auxiliary force to the 600 regulars
then under command of General Henry

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

113

Atkinson, U. S. A. These forces pro-
ceeded against Red Bird and his war-
riors, but that chief came voluntarily
into the camp with six others, among
whom was Black Hawk, and surren-
dered. These Indians were detained
several months, Red Bird dying while in
captivity, and some of them having been
tried and convicted of complicity in the
murder of white settlers were executed,
December, 26,1827. Black Hawk,against
whom there could be nothing proven,
was acquitted, although he afterwards
boasted of his connection with the mur-
ders for which he was tried. This was
the end of the Winnebago war, and fear-
ful of another outbreak, the whites im-
portuned the general government for the
removal of the Indians across the Mis-
sissippi. But through the system of red
tape that characterises the action of the
war department, this was not immedi-
ately done.

As to the subsequent history that
finally led to this outbreak, Edwards
says:

"About this time (1829) the president
issued his proclamation, according to
law, and in pursuance thereof all the
country above Rock river, the ancient
seat of the Sauk nation, was sold to
American families, and in the year fol-
lowing it was taken possession of by
them. To avoid difficulty with the
tribes, another treaty, confirming pre-
vious ones, was made with the Sacs and
Foxes, on the 15th of July, 1830, by the
provisions of which they were to remove
peaceably from the Illinois country. A
portion of the Sacs, with their principal
chief, Keokuk, at their head, quietly
retired across the Mississippi. With

those who remained in the village, at
the mouth of Rock river, an arrange-
ment was made by the Americans who
had purchased the land, by which they
were to live together as neighbors, the
Indians still cultivating their old fields
as formerly. Black Hawk, however, a
restless and uneasy spirit, who had
ceased to recognize Keokuk as a chief,
and who was known to be still under
the pay of the British, emphatically
refused either to remove from the lands
or to respect the rights of the Ameri-
cans to them. He insisted that Keokuk
had no authority for making such a
treaty, and he proceeded to gather
around him a large number of the war-
riors and young men of the tribe, who
were anxious to distinguish themselves
as 'braves,' and, placing himself at their
head, he. determined to dispute with the
whites the possession of the ancient
seat of his nation. He had conceived
the gigantic scheme, as appears by his
own admissions, of uniting all the In-
dians, from the Rock river to the Gulf
of Mexico, in a war against the United
States, and he made use of every pre-
text for gaining accessions to his party."

Having rallied around him the war-
like braves of the Sac and Fox nations,
he recrossed the Mississippi in the
spring of 1832. Upon hearing of the
invasion, Governor Reynolds hastily
collected a body of 1,800 volunteers,
placing them under command of Brig-
adier-General Samuel Whiteside.

The army marched to the Mississippi,
and, having reduced to ashes the Indian
village known as "Prophet's Town,"
proceeded several miles up Rock river,
to Dixon, to join the regular forces

114

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

under General Atkinson. They formed,
at Dixon, two companies of volunteers,
who, sighing for glory, were dispatched
to reconnoiter the enemy. They ad-
vanced, under command of Major Still-
man, to a creek afterwards called "Still-
man's run," and, while encamping there,
saw a party of mounted Indians at a
distance of a mile. Several of Still-
man's party mounted their horses and
charged the Indians, killing three of
them; but attacked by the main body,
under Black Hawk, they were routed,
and, by their precipitate flight, spread
such a panic through the camp that the
whole company ran off to Dixon as fast
as their legs could carry them. On
their arrival it was found that there had
been eleven killed. The party came
straggling into camp all night long, four
or five at a time, each squad positive
that all who were left behind were mas-
sacred.

For a long time afterward Major Still-
man and his men were subjects of ridi-
cule and merriment, which was as unde-
serving as their expedition was disas-
trous. Stillman's defeat spread conster-
nation throughout the state and nation.
The number of Indians was greatly
exaggerated, and the name of Black
Hawk carried with it great military
talent, savage cunning and cruelty.

A regiment sent to spy out the coun-
try between Galena and Rock Island,
was surprised by a party of 70 Indians,
.and was on the point of being thrown
into disorder, when General Whiteside
then serving as a private, shouted out
that he would shoot the first man who
turned his back on the enemy. Order
being restored, the battle began. At its

very outset General Whiteside shot the
leader of the Indians, who thereupon
commenced a hasty retreat.

In -June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a
band of one hundred and fifty warriors,
attacked the Apple River fort, near Ga-
lena, defended by twenty-five men.
This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was
erected to afford protectiou to the min-
ers. For fifteen consecutive hours the
garrison had to sustain the asault of the
savage enemy; but knowing very well
that no quarter would be giren them,
they fought with such fury and despera-
tion that the Indians, after losing many
of their warriors, were compelled to re-
treat.

Another party of eleven Indians mur-
dered two men near Fort Hamilton.
Thjey were afterward overtaken by a
company of twenty men, and every one
of them killed.

A new regiment, under the command
of General Atkinson, assembled on the
banks of the Illinois, in the latter part
of June. Major Dement with a small
party, was sent out to reconnoiter the
movements of a large body of Indians,
whose endeavors to surround him made
it advisable for him to retire. Upon
hearing of this engagement, General
Atkinson sent a detachment to intercept
the Indians, while he with the main
body of his army, moved north to meet
the Indians under Black Hawk. They
moved slowly and cautiously through
the country, passed through Turtle Vil-
lage, and marched up along Rock river.
On their arrival news was brought of
the discovery of the main trail of the
Indians. Considerable search was made
but they were unable to discover any

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

115

vestige of Indians save two, who had
shot two soldiers the day previous.

Hearing that Black Hawk was en-
camped on Rock river, at the Manitou
village, they resolved at once to advance
upon the enemy, but in the execution of
their design they met with opposition
from their officers and men. The offi-
cers of General Henry handed to him a
written protest ; but he, a man equal to any
emergency, ordered the officers to be
arrested and escorted to General Atkin-
son. Within a few minutes after the
stern order was given, the officers all
collected around the General's quarters,
many of them with tears in their eyes,
pledging themselves that if forgiven
they would return tD duty and never do
the like again. The General rescinded
the order, and they at once resumed
duty.

General Henry marched, on the 15th
of July, in pursuit of the Indians,
reaching Rock river after three days'
journey, where he learned Black Hawk
was encamped further up the river. On
July 19, the troops were ordered to com-
mence their march. After having made
50 miles, they were overtaken by a ter-
rible thunder storm, which lasted all
night. Nothing cooled, however, in
their courage and zeal, they marched
again 50 miles the next day, encamping
near the place where the Indians en-
camped the night before. Hurrying
along as fast as they could, the infantry
keeping up an equal pace with the
mounted force, the troops, on the morn-
ing of the 21st, crossed the river con-
necting two of the four lakes, by which
the Indians had been endeavoring to es-
cape. They found, on their way, the

ground strewn with kettles and articles
of baggage, -which, in the haste of re-
treat, the Indians were obliged to throw
away. The troops, inspired with new
ardor, advanced so rapidly that at noon
they fell in with the rear guard of the
Indians. Those who closely pursued
them were saluted by a sudden fire of
musketry from a body of Indians who
had concealed themselves in the high
grass of the prairie. A most desperate
charge was made upon the Indians, who,
unable to resist, retreated obliquely in
order to outflank the voulunteers on the
right; but the latter charged the In-
dians in their ambush and expelled
them from their thickets at the point of
the bayonet, and dispersed them. Night
set in and the battle ended, having cost
the Indians sixty-eight of their bravest
men, while the loss of the Illinoisans
amounted to but one killed and eight
wounded.

Soon after this battle, Generals At-
kinson and Henry joined their forces
and pursued the Indians. General
Henry struck the main trail, left his
horses behind, formed an advarice guard
of eight men, and marched forward
upon their trail. When these eight
men came in sight of the river, they
were suddenly fired upon, and five of
them killed, the remaining three main-
taining their ground till General Henry
came up. Then the Indians charged
upon with the bayonet, fell back upon
their main force ; the battle now became
general; the Indians fought with des-
perate valor, but were furiously assailed
by the volunteers with their bayonets,
cutting many of the Indians to pieces
and driving the rest into the rfver.

116

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Those who escaped from being drowned
found refuge on an island. On hearing
the frequent discharge of musketry, in-
dicating a general engagement, General
Atkinson abandoned th e pursuit of the
twenty Indians under Black Hawk him-
self, and hurried to the scene of action,
where he arrived too late to take part in
the battle. He immediately forded the
river with his troops, the water reaching
up to their necks, and landed on the
island where the Indians had secreted
themselves. The soldiers rushed upon
the Indians, killed several of them, took
the others prisoners, and chased the rest
into the river, where they were either
drowned or shot before reaching the op-
posite shore. Thus ended the battle,
the Indians losing three hundred, be-
sides fifty prisoners; the whites, but
seventeen killed and twelve wounded.

Black Hawk, with his twenty braves,
retreated up the Wisconsin river. The
Winiiebagos, desirous of securing the
friendship of the whites, went in pursuit
and captured and delivered them to Gen.
Street, the United States Indian agent.
Among the prisoners were the son of
Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe.
These, with Black Hawk, were taken to
Washington, D. C., and soon consigned
as prisoners at Fortress Monroe.

By order of the president, Black Hawk
and his companions, who were in confine-
ment at Fortress Monroe, were set free
on the 4th day of June, 1833.

After their release from prison they
were conducted in charge of Major Gar-
land, through some of the principal
cities, that they might witness the power
of the United States and learn their in-
ability to cope with them in war. Great

multitudes flocked to see them wherever
they were taken, and the attention paid
them rendered their progress through
the country a triumphal procession, in-
stead of the transportation of prisoners
by an officer. At Rock Island the pris-
oners were given their liberty amid great
and impressive ceremony.

After this, all times when Black Hawk
visited the whites he was received with
marked attention. He was an honored
guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee
county, Illinois, at some of their meet-
ings, and received marked tokens of es-
teem. In September, 1838, while on his
way to Rock Island to receive his annu-
ity from the government, he contracted
a severe cold, which resulted in a severe
attack of bilious fever, and terminated
his life October 3. After his death he
was dressed in the uniform presented to
him by the president while in Washing-
ton. He was buried in a grave six feet
in depth, situated upon a beautiful em-
inence. The body was placed in the
middle of the grave, in a sitting position
upon a seat constructed for the purpose.
On his left side the cane given him by
Henry Clay was placed upright, with
his right hand resting upon it. His re-
mains were afterwards stolen and car-
ried away, but they were recovered by
the governor of Iowa, and placed in the
museum of the historical society at Bur-
lington, where they were finally destroyed
by fire.

During this war, in June, 1832, a bat-
talion of men was raised in this and War-
ren counties, under a proclamation of the
governor, dated May 20, 1832. This was a
company or battalion of mounted rang-
ers, the battalion under the command

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

119

of Major Samuel Bogart. The detach-
ment moved from Macomb, wliere it was
organized, to Oquawka where they were
stationed for the purpose of guarding
the frontier. The battalion was mounted,
each man furnishing his own horse.
They never saw any special service, but,
were out some eighty-six days, at the ex-
piration of which time they returned to
Macomb and were discharged. They
received eighty-six cents per day for
man and horse, besides rations and for-
age, and subsequently received from the
government a bounty of eighty acres of
land. The following is a roster of those
from this county who were in this body
of defenders, taken from the official
record, supplemented by the memories
of some of the survivors :

Second Lieutenant:
John Wilson.

Sergeants:
Abraham Dover, Asa Cook.

Corporal :
Lewis F. Temple.

Privates:

Moses Booth, *
J. M. Campbell, *"
David Clarke, ^
Jacob Coffman, ^
Isaac Craushaw, ^
Thomas Carter, *
Andrew Calhoun,
Uriah Cook,
Daniel Campbell,
Berry Jones, *-
John Jones, ^
Iraby Job,
Larkiu Osborn, \,
John McFadden,
Jeff'. Pennington,
John L. Bussell, ^
William Sacket, -
William Southward,
George Tetherow, *-
James Tetherow.

Orsemus Ferington, ^
Nicholas Campbell,
John Hardesty, ^
Peter Hays, ^

Nathaniel Hays, ^
J. C. Head,
Shadrach Goens,
John Jackson, '-
Lace Jones, ^

Zachariah Kirkland,
John Lathrop, --

Isaac Morris, ^

Solomon Osborne,
S. P. Lewis,

Langley,

P. H. Smith, v-

Shannon,

David Tetherow, *<
William Tetherow,
F. C. Tomberlin.

CHAPTKR VIII.

THE MORMONS AND THE MOEMON WAR.

In the years 1839-40, several families
of that very peculiar people, the Mor-
mons, settled in McDonough county.
They came as refugees from Missouri,
being driven from that state by the in-
furiated people whom they had persist-
ently robbed and despoiled. Claiming
that they were persecuted on account of

their religion, they appealed to the sym-
pathies of the people, and were received
with favor. These peculiar religious en-
thusiasts, called themselves "the church
of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,"
and are a sect formed on a basis of re-
ligion founded by Joseph Smith, at
Manchester, New York, in 1830. This

120

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

man was a native of Sharon, Windsor
county, Vermont, and was born Decem-
ber 23, 1805. His parents being quite
poor he received little or no education.
When he was ten years old his parents
removed to Palmyra, Wayne county,
New York. Here his extreme youth was
spent in idle, vagabond life, roaming the
woods, dreaming of buried treasures,
and exerting himself to learn the art of
finding them by the twisting of a forked
stick in his hands, or by looking through
enchanted stones. He, and his father
before him, were what are called ' water
witches,' always ready to point out the
ground where wells might be dug and
water found, and many are the anecdotes
of his early life, giving bright promise
of future profligacy. Such was Joe
Smith when he was found by Sidney
Rigdon, who was a man of considerable
talent and information.

The distinguishing peculiarities of the
sect founded by Smith are, in religious
aspects, the belief in a continual divine
revelation through the inspired medium
of the prophet at the head of the church ;
in moral respects, the practice of poly-
gamy; and in social respects a complete
hierarchical organization. The govern-
ment of the Mormons, is a pure theoc-
racy; its officers form a complete priest-
hood. The supreme power, spiritual and
temporal, rests with the first president,
elected by the whole body of the church^
and two coadjutors, the council of the
twelve apostles, and of the seventy disci-
ples; then the order of high priests,
bishops, elders, priests, teachers and dea-
cons. Of all these one alone is head, the
prophet the seer and he alone has the
right of working miracles, and receiving

revelations. This belief in a continual
divine revelation through the prophet
a belief which enjoins absolute obedi-
ence to the commands of the revelation
on the part of the persons who accept it,
is the corner stone of the social building
of Mormonism, the only vital agency in
its history, the whole secret of its success ;
and the day it dies out Mormonism is
nothing but a heap of nonsense. The
Mormons accept both the bible and the
book of Mormon as divine revelations,
but they hold them both subject to the
explanations and corrections of the
prophet. This book of Mormon was
the record by which Joseph Smith, the
founder of the faith, first introduced
himself to the world, the guaranty he
gave for the divine character of his vis-
ion. His story was that an angel
from heaven appeared before him and
told him where this book, the bible of
the western continent, the supplement of
the new testament, was hidden. On
the spot designated by the heavenly visi-
tor, Smith found in a stone box a volume
six inches thick and composed of thin
gold plates, eight inches by seven, held
together by three gold rings. These
plates were covered with characters in an
unknown tongue, but beside the volume
he also found Urim and Thummin, a sort
of supernatural spectacles, which ena-
bled him to read and understand the
characters. Sitting behind a curtain
drawn across the room, he then dictated
a translation for he could not write
himself to his secretary, Oliver Cow-
drey, and his translation was printed in
1830, accompanied by testimonials from
eleven persons prominent among whom
were Martin Harris and David White-

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

121

more, who had seen the golden plates
before they unfortunately disappeared.
It was soon proved beyond doubt that
the book of Mormon was simply a sort
of historical romance written in 1812, by
one Solomon Spalding, a Presbyterian
minister of Ohio, who indulged in that
kind of pseudo history, though he never
succeeded in getting his productions
published, and that the manuscript had
been lost in a printing office, in Pitts-
burg under the hands of an apprentice,
Sidney Rigdon, who in 1829 became an
associate of Joseph Smith. The book
pretends to give the history of America
up to the fifth century of our era; the
first settlement of the country after the
destruction of the tower of Babel, and
the dispersion of the nations ; the sec-
ond settlement in the sixth century, B.
C. by Lehi and his sons, arriving directly
from Jerusalem ; the origin of the Amer-
ican Indians from the unfaithful Jews
who were condemned to have dark skins ;
the arrival and preaching of Christ in
America; the final destruction of the
faithful; and the command of God to the
prophet Mormon to write down an
abridgement of all these events and hide
the volume. With this book as the basis
of his teaching, Smith began to preach,
and in January, 1831, he led the first
Mormon congregation, consisting of
thirty members, from Manchester, New
York, to Kirtland, Ohio, which became
the headquarters of the sect for the next
seven years. The great body of these
pecple then migrated to Missouri, but
their conduct growing obnoxious to their
neighbors, they were kept in a state of
actual warfare, and at the close of 1838,
they were driven from that state. They

crossed the Mississippi, and founded the
city of Nauvoo, in Illinois, where they
lived for seven years. Several families,
as mentioned previously came to this
county and located. Says Mr. Clarke,
in his History of McDonough county :

"In the summer of 1843, George Mil-
ler, then a member of the Presbyterian
church, in Macomb, living in that town,
and in a house on the corner of east
Carroll and north Randolph streets,
made a trip to Nauvoo, returning appar-
ently with not a very favorable opinion
of the "saints," unless we except Joe
Smith, the prophet. Still, as occasion
offered, he would refer to the Mormons
and express a desire to again hear them
preach. He said to the citizens of
Macomb that if. they desired to hear, he
would have Joe Smith come over and
preach for them. A few days later he
went to the woods, near the present
town of Bardolph, in search of black-
berries. After a little he threw up his
arms, screamed and fell to the ground.
He was taken up, a bed was provided,
and he was taken home. Dr. J. B. Kyle
was called in and relieved him of about
a quart of blood, and gave him a good,
strong dose of calomel. The beginning
of this fit occurred about the middle of
the afternoon on Thursday, and for
forty-eight hours he continued to rave.
About the middle of the afternoon on
Saturday, a couple of men, on horse-
back, rode up to the square, and meeting
William Hamilton, now of Bushnell,
inquired if he knew where George Mil-
ler lived. Being directed to the place,
they rode over, and tying their horses,
went into the house, knelt down by the
bedside of the sick man, commenced

122

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

praying in a loud tone. On the conclu-
sion of their prayer, they arose, and laid
their hands upon Mr. Miller. This they
repeated, calling upon Mr. M. to have
faith by faith all things were possible.
In a few moments he became calm, and
soon was sitting up in bed, and the next
day was as well as ever, though a little
weak. He was indeed well enough to
attend the preaching of these saints,
one of whom was the renowned Sidney
Rigdon. Whether all this was a 'put
up job' between Mr. Miller and the
saints, we know not. Suffice it to say
that on Monday morning Mr. Miller was
baptised in the creek north of town, and
in a few days he removed to Nauvoo and
became a leader in the Mormon people."
In 1840, these peple began to figure
in the politics of the state, and in
August, 1843, during the congressional
contest between Cyrus Walker and
James P. Hoge, both parties labored to
secure the vote of the Mormons, as is
related in the chapter on politics, in this
volume.

During all this time the Mormons had
continued to increase in numbers until
they had become a powerful body. As
they grew in strength, they became ar-
rogant, and, under the assumption that
"the earth was the Lord's, and the full-
ness thereof," and that they being his
peculiar people, were entitled to all the
fruits of it, the Gentiles having no
rights which they were bound to respect.
This doctrine led to considerable trouble
between the "saints" and those who
were not disposed to accept it. Much
stock disappeared from all parts of the
county, a great deal of it being found in
the "holy city. But when found, it was

extremely difficult to regain possession.
Under a provision of the city charter of
Nauvoo, the Mormons enacted "that no
writ issued from any other , place, for
the arrest of any of her citizens, should
be recognized in the city, without an
approval endorsed thereon by the
mayor; that if any public officer, by
virtue of any foreign writ, should at-
tempt to make an arrest in the city,
without such approval of his process,
he should be subject to imprisonment
for life; and that even the governor of
the state should not have the power of
pardoning the offender without the con-
sent of the mayor." If an attempt was
made to obtain property by a writ of
replevin, witnesses without number
would promptly swear it belonged to
some Morman claimant. The following
is a case in point: A gentleman living
in the southern part of this county had
a valuable horse stolen, which he after-
ward found in Nauvoo, and seized.
During the trial resulting therefrom he
had sixty witnesses to identify the horse
as his property, but the Mormons
brought forward seventy to prove that it
belonged to some "saint," and having a
preponderance of testimony, the Mor-
mon justice decided in favor of his
brother.

The citizens of Hancock county sub-
mitted to this state of affairs until en-
durance ceased to be a virtue, and the
governor was appealed to for aid. This
assistance was asked more especially on
account of the failure to arrest Joseph
Smith and other leading Mormons for
engaging in a riot in destroying the
office of an anti-Mormon paper. A war-
rant was issued at Carthage and served

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

123

upon them, when they were taken at
once to the municipal court, at Nauvoo,
on a writ of. habeas corpus, and dis-
charged from custody.

Trouble now b'egan and an armed
force of the militia of the state gathered
at Carthage, where Governor Ford ar-
rived on the 23d of June, 1844. He
organized the troops and when all was
ready sent for the leaders of the Mor-
mons to appear before him. No apology
is necessary for the full length quota-
tion from the able history of Governor
Ford's history of Illinois, as he was an
eye-witness and a prominent actor in
these scenes.

"It appeared clearly, both from the
complaints of the citizens and the ac-
knowledgments of the Mormon commit-
tee, that the whole proceedings of the
mayor, the common council, and the
municipal court, were irregular and ille-
gal, and not to be endured in a free
country; though perhaps some apology
might be made for the court, as it had
been repeatedly assured by some of the
best lawyers in the state who had been
candidates for office before that people,
that it had full and competent power to
issue writs of habeas corpus in all cases
whatever. The common council violated
the law in assuming the exercise of judi-
cial power ; in proceeding ex-parte with-
out notice to the owners of the property ;
in proceeding against the property in
rem, in not calling a jury; in not swear-
ing all the witnesses; in not giving the
owners of the property, accused of being
a nuisance, in consequence of being
libelous, an opportunity of giving the
truth in evidence; and in fact, by not
proceeding by civil suit or indictment,

as in other cases of libel. The mayor
violated the law in ordering this errone-
ous and absurd judgment of the common
council to be executed, and the munici-
pality erred in discharging them from
arrest.

"As this proceeding touched the
liberty of the press, which is justly dear
to any republican people, it was well cal-
culated to raise a great flame of excite-
ment. And it may well be questioned
whether years of misrepresentation by
the most profligate newspaper could have
engendered such a feeling as was pro-
duced by the destruction of this one
press. It is apparent that the Mormon
leaders but little understood, and re-
garded less, the true principles . of civil
liberty. A free press, well conducted,
is a great blessing to a free people. A
profligate one is likely soon to deprive
itself of all credit and influence by the
multitude of falsehoods put forth by it.
But let this be as it may, there is more
lost to rational liberty by a censorship
of the press, by suppressing informa-
tion proper to be known by the people,
than can be lost by an individual now
and then by a temporary injury to his
character and influence by the utmost

licentiousness.

#*##*#

"It was asserted that Joe Smith, the
founder and head of the Mormon
church, had caused himself to be crown-
ed and anointed king of the Mormons;
that he had embodied a band of his fol-
lowers called 'Danites,' who were sworn
to obey him as God, and to do his com-
mands, murder and treason not excepted ;
that he had instituted an order in the
church whereby those who composed it

124

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

were pretended to be sealed up to eter-
nal life against all crimes, save the shed-
ding of innocent blood, or consenting
thereto; that this order was instructed
that no blood was innocent blood except
that of the members of the church; and
that these two orders were made the
ministers of his vengeance, and the in-
struments of an intolerable tyranny
which he had established over his peo-
ple, and which he was about to extend
over the neighboring country.

The people affected to believe that
with this power in the hands of an un-
scrupulous leader there was no safety
for the lives or property of any one who
opposed him. They affected likewise to
believe that Smith inculcated the legal-
ity of perjury, or any other crime in de-
fense or to advance the interests of true
believers; and that himself had set them
the example by swearing to a false accu-
sation against a certain person for the
crime of murder. It was likewise as-
serted to be a fundamental article of the
Mormon faith that God had given the
world and all it contained to them as
his Saints; that they secretly believed
in their rights to all the goodly lands,
farms and property in the country; that
at present they were kept out of their
rightful inheritance by force; that con-
sequently there was no moral offense in
anticipating God's good time to put
them in possession by stealing if oppor-
tunity offered; that in fact the whole
church was a community of murderers,
thieves, robbers, and outlaws; that Jos-
eph Smith had established a bogus fact-
ory in Nauvoo for the manufacture of
counterfeit money, and that he main-
tained about his person a tribe of swin-

dlers, blacklegs, and counterfeiters to
make it and put it into circulation.

" It was also believed that he had an-
nounced a revelation from heaven saii-
tioning polygamy, by a kind of spiritual
wife system, whereby a man was allowed
one wife in pursuance of the laws of the
country, and an indefinite number of
others to be enjoyed in some mystical
and spiritual mode ; and that he himself,
and many of his followers, had prac-
ticed upon the principles of this revela-
tion by seducing a large number of
women.

" It was also asserted that he was in
alliance with the Indians of the western
territories, and had obtained over them
such a control that in case of a war he
could command their assistance to mur-
der his enemies.

" But the great cause of popular fury
was that the Mormons at several preced-
ing elections had cast their vote as a
unit, thereby making the fact apparent
that no one could aspire to the honors of
the offices of the country within the
sphere of their influence, without their
approbation and votes. It appears to be
one of the principles upon which they
insist upon being governed as a com-
munity, to act as a unit in all matters of
government and religion. They express
themselves to be fearful that if division
should be encouraged in politics, it
would soon extend to their religion and
rend their church with schism and into
sects."

The governor now held several con-
ferences with the Mormon leaders, and
it was finally agreed that Smith and
some of those highest in the council pf

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

125

the Mormon church, would come for-
ward and surrender themselves, and
stand a trial at Carthage, the governor
passing his word for their safety and
assuring them of his protection. To
quote again from the same source:

"On the twenty-third, or twenty -fourth
day of June, Joseph Smith, the mayor
of Nauvoo, together with his brother
Hiram and all the members of the coun-
cil, and all others demanded, came into
Carthage and surrendered themselves
prisoners to the constable on the charge
of riot. They all voluntarily entered
into a recognizance before the justice of
the peace, for their appearance at court
to answer the charge, and all of them
were discharged from custody except
Joseph and Hiram Smith, against whom
the magistrate had issued a new writ, on
a complaint of treason. They were im-
mediately arrested by the constable on
this charge, and retained in his custody
to answer it."

"The overt act of treason charged
against them consisted in the alleged
levying of war against the state by de-
claring martial law in Nauvoo, and in
ordering out the legion to resist the posse
comitatus. Their actual guiltiness of
the charge would depend upon circum-
stances. If their opponents had been
seeking to put the law in force in good
faith, and nothing more, then an array
of military force in open resistence to
the posse comitatus and the militia of
the state, most probably would have
amounted to treason. But if those op-
ponents merely intended to use the pro-
cess of the law, the militia of the state
and the posse comitatus, as cat's paws to
compass the possession of their persons

for the purpose of murdering them after-
wards, as the sequel demonstrated the
fact to be, it might be doubted whether
they were guilty of treason.

"After the Smith's had been arrested
on the new charge of treason, the justice
of the peace postponed the examination,
because neither of the parties were pre-
pared with their witnesses for trial. In
the meantime, he committed them to the
jail of the county for greater security."

On the morning of the 27th of June,
Smith, under the guard of the Carthage
guards was marched around the square
that the men of the various sections
of the state forming the militia, might
see the great prophet of Mormons. The
great body of the troops were then dis-
banded, and the jail, in which the Mor-
mons were placed was committed to the
care of the Carthage guards. The gov-
ernor then proceeded to Nauvoo to
reason with the Mormons on their con-
duct, and in the interest of peace. In
the morning, having accomplished his
purpose, he started back to Carthage,
and was met, oh the way, by two men
who informed him that Smith had been
killed. He pushed on toward Carthage.
In referring to the news of the murder,
the governor says:

"As for myself it was perfectly as-
tounding, and I anticipated the very
worst consequences from it. The Mor-
mons had been represented to me as a
lawless, infatuated and fanatical people,
not governed by the ordinary motives
which influence the rest of mankind. If
so, most likely an exterminating war
would ensue, and the whole land would
be covered Avith desolation. Acting up-
on this supposition, it was my duty to

126

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

provide as well as I could for the event.
I therefore ordered the two messengers
into custody, and to be returned with us
to Carthage. This was done to make
such arrangements as could be made,
and to prevent any sudden explosion of
Mormon excitement before they could
be written to by their friends at Carthage.
I also dispatched messengers to Warsaw
to advise the citizens of the event. But
the people there knew all about it before
my messengers arrived. They, like my-
self, anticipated attack all over the
country. The women and children were
moved across the river, and a committee
was dispatched that night to Quincy for
assistance. The next morning by day-
light the ringing of bells in the city of
Quincy announced a public meeting.
The people assembled in great numbers
at an early hour. The Warsaw commit-
tee stated to the meeting that a party of
Mormons had attempted to rescue the
Smiths out of jail; that a party of Mis-
sourians and others had killed the pris-
oners to prevent their escape; that the
governor and his party were at Nauvoo
at the time when intelligence of the fact
was brought there; that they had been
attacked by the Nauvoo Legion, and had
retreated to a house where they were
then closely besieged; that the governor
had sent out word that he could main-
tain his position for two days, and would
be certain to be massacred if assistance
did not arrive by the end of that time.
It is unnecessary to say that this entire
story was fabricated. It was of a piece
of the other reports put into circulation
by the anti-Mormon party to influence
the public mind and call the people to
their assistance. The effect of it, how-

ever, was that by 10 o'clock on the
twenty-eighth of June between two and
three hundred men from Quincy, under
command of Major Flood, embarked on
board of a steamboat for Nauvoo, to
assist in raising the siege, as they hon-
estly believed.

"As for myself, was well convinced
that those, whoever they were, who assas-
inated the Smiths meditated in turn my
assassination by the Mormons. The very
circumstances of the case fully corrobora-
ted the information which I afterwards
received, 'that upon consultation of the
assassins, it was agreed amongst them
that the murder must be committed
whilst the governor was at Nauvoo; that
the Mormons would naturally suppose
he planned it, and in the first outpouring
of their indignation, they would assas-
sinate him, by way of retaliation. And
that thus they would get clear of the
Smiths and the governor all at once.
They also supposed, that if they could
so contrive the matter as to have the
governor of the state assassinated by the
Mormons, the public excitement would
be greatly increased against that people,
and would result in their expulsion from
the state at least."

Governor Ford gives the following
account of the murder:

"It was many days after the assassina-
tion of the Smiths before the circum-
stances of the murder fully became
known. It then appeared that, agreea-
bly to previous orders, the posse at
Warsaw had marched, on the 27th of
June, in the direction of Golden's Point,
with a view to join the force from Car-
thage, the whole body then to be marched
into Nauvoo. But by the time they had

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

127

gone eight miles, they were met by the
order to disband; and learning at the
same time that the governor was absent
at Nauvoo, about 200 of these men,
many of them being disguised by black-
ing their faces with powder and mud,
hastened to Carthage. There they en-
camped at some distance from the vil-
lage, and soon learned that one of the
companies left as guard had disbanded
and returned to their homes; the other
company, the Carthage Grays, was sta-
tioned by the captain in the public
square, 150 yards from the jail, whilst
eight men were detailed by him, under
the command of Sergeant Franklin A.
Worrell, to guard the prisoners. A com-
munication was soon established between
the conspirators and the company, and
it was arranged that the guards should
have their guns charged with blank car-
tridges, and fire at the assailants when
they attempted to enter the jail. Gen.
Deming, who was left in command,
being deserted by some of his troops
and perceiving the arrangements with
the others, and having no force upon
which he could rely, for fear of his life
retired from the village. The conspira-
tors came up, jumped the slight fence
around the jail, were fired upon by the
guards, which, according to arrange-
ments, were overpowered immediately,
and the assailants entered the prison to
the door of the room, where the two
prisoners were confined with two of their
friends who voluntarily bore them com-
pany. An attempt was made to break
open the door; but Joseph Smith being
armed with a six barrelled pistol, fur-
nished by his friends, fired several times
as the door was bursted open, and

wounded three of the assailants. At
the same time several shots were fired
into the room by some of which John
Taylor received four wounds, and Hiram
Smith was instantly killed. Joe Smith
attempted to escape by jumping out the
second story window; but the fall so
stunned him that he was unable to rise;
and being placed in a sitting posture by
the conspirators below, they dispatched
him with four balls shot through his
body.

It was the idea of the murderers that
these strong measures would induce the
great body of the Mormons to leave,
but they did not evacuate Nauvoo for
two years afterwards. All this time the
excitement was kept up. Every case of
theft or crime was laid at the door of
these people, who although somewhat
guilty, did not commit one tenth of the
offenses laid at their door. To quote
again from Mr. Clarke:

" Before the spring of 1846 the great
majority of the Mormons had left Nau-
voo, but still a large number remained.
About this time a man by the name of
Debenheyer was killed near the town of
Pontoosuc, and buried in a ditch by the
side of a sod fence. The murderers
were unknown, but a number of Mor-
mons had been lying around the neigh-
borhood for some time making night
hideous with their noise, and were or-
dered away. They refused to go, when,
one day while at work in a field sur-
rounded on three sides by timber, they
were surrounded by forty or fifty anti-
Mormons, who captured them, took them
to the place where Debenheyer had been
buried, stripped them of their clothing,
gave each of them thirty and nine lashes

128

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

upon their bare backs, and again bid
them go, They went to Nauvoo, re-
ported the matter, and a few nights
afterwards a large number of the Mor-
mons surrounded the house of Major
McCauley, who lived in the neigbor-
hood of the occurrence, and demanded
his surrender. J. W. Brattle, now of
Macomb, was stopping with him, and
was likewise arrested and taken with him
to Nauvoo. The men were held for, sever-
al days, when, after due trial, they were
discharged. They would probably not
have been let off so easily had not sev-
eral leading Mormons been taken by the
anti-Mormon party and held as host-
ages.

"About the first of September, 1846,
a writ was issued against several leading
Mormons, and placed in the hands of
John Carlin, of Carthage, for execution.
Carlin called out a posse to help make
the arrest. Two or three companies of
men went from this county to his aid,
and quite a large force was soon gath-
ered in the neighborhood of Nauvoo.
Carlin, not being a military man, placed
the command of the posse first under
General Singleton, and afterward under
Colonel Brockman, who proceeded to
invest the city, erecting breastworks,
and taking other means for defensive as
well as offensive operations. What was
then termed a battle next took place,
resulting in the death of one Mormon
and the wounding of several others, and
mortally wounding one man who volun-
teered from this county, but a citizen of
Pennsylvania, who was here on a visit,
and slightly wounding several others.

"While the greater number of the
male citizens of Macomb were gone to

Nauvoo, apprehension was felt by the
women that an attack might be made on
the town, and they would not rest con-
tent without a guard every night to give
the alarm in case the Mormons ap-
peared. James M. Campbell and others
agreed to act as guard, and every night
about dark would begin their regular
patrol. They would remain out until
the lights about town were put out and
the inhabitants were supposed to be
asleep, when they would go home to
bed."

A quotation from Fords' excellent hist-
ory of the state will close this account of
the so-called "Mormon war" in which so
many from McDonough county partici-
pated. That volume says:

"At last, through the intervention of an
anti-Mormon committee of one hundred
from Quincy, the Mormons and their al-
lies were induced to submit to such terms
as the posse chose to dictate, which were
that the Mormons should immediately
give up their arms to the Quincy com-
mittee, and remove from the state.

"The trustees of the church and five
of their clerks were permitted to remain
for the sale of Mormon property, and the
posse were to march in unmolested, and
to leave a sufficient force to guarantee the
performance of their stipulations.

"Accordingly, the constable's posse
marched in with Brockman at their head,
consisting of about eight hundred armed
men, and six or seven hundred unarmed
who had assembled from all the country
around, from motives of curiosity, to see
the once proud city of Nauvoo humbled,
and delivered up to its enemies, and to
the domination of a self -constructed and
irresponsible power. They proceeded'

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

129

into the city slowly and carefully, exam-
ining the way for f e'ar of the explosion of
a mine, many of which had been made
by the Mormons, by burying kegs of
powder in the ground, with a man
stationed at a distance to pull a string
communicating with the trigger of a per-
cussion lock affixed to the keg. This
kind of contrivance was called by the
Mormons a 'hell's half acre.' When
the posse arrived in the city, the lead-
ers of it erected themselves into a tribu-
nal to decide who should be forced away
and who remain. Parties were dispatched
to hunt for Mormons' arms and for
Mormons, and to bring them to judg-
ment, where they received their doom
from the mouth of Brockman, who then
sat a grim and unawed tyrant for the
time. As a general rule, the Mormons
were ordered to leave within an hour, or
two hours; and by rare grace, some of
them were allowed until next day, and
in a few cases, longer. The treaty spec-
ified that the Mormons only should be
driven into exile.

" Nothing was said in it concerning
the new citizens, who had with the Mor-
mons defended the city. But the posse
no sooner had obtained possession, than
they commenced expelling the new citi-
zens. Some of them were ducked into
the river, being in one or two cases act-
ually baptized in the name of the lead-
ers of the mob, others were forcibly
driven into the ferry boats to be taken
over the river, before the bayonets of
armed ruffians; and it is believed that
the houses of most of them were broken
open and their furniture stolen during
their absence. Many of these new set-
tlers were strangers in the country from

various parts of the United States, who
were attracted there by the low price of
property, and they knew but little of
previous difficulties, or the merits of the
quarrel. They saw with their own eyes
that the Mormons were industriously
preparing to go away, and they knew of
their own knowledge that an effort to
expel them with force was gratuitous
and unnecessary cruelty. They had
been trained, by the states from which
they came, to abhor mobs, and to obey
the law, and they volunteered their ser-
vices under executive authority, to de-
fend their town and their property
against mob violence, and as they hon-
estly believed from distraction. But in
this way they were partly mistaken, for
although the mob leaders, in the exer-
cise of unbridled power, were guilty of
many enormities to the person of indi-
viduals, and although much personal
property was stolen, yet they abstained
from materially injuring houses and
buildings. The most that was done in
this way, was the stealing of the doors
and the sash of the windows from the
houses by somebody. The anti-Mor-
mons allege that they were carried away
by the Mormons, and the Mormons aver
that the most of them were stolen by
the anti-Mormons. Thus ended the
Mormon war.

The following is believed to be a com-
plete roster of those of the citizens of
McDoiiough county, who were out dur-
ing this "unpleasantness":

Colonel :
E. B. Root.

Lieutenant Colonel:
Levi Warren.

130 HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

MajOr :

Ross Penan,

Harper McCandless,

V. E. Remington.

James Kepple,

John S. Campbell,

Hugh Ervin,

John Snapp,

Surgeon :

D. M. Crabb,

Jonathan Palmer,

Dr. H. G. Ay re.

William Hamilton,

Garret Bonham,

Adjutant:

Thomas Davis,

G. Vanhowten,

S. McFarland.

George Nichols,

George W. Wade,

J. H. Michael,

Durham Creel,

Sergeant Major:

Valentine Clayton,

Nicholas Bowman,

H. Gilfrey.

R. McClure,

Calvin Cauote,

Quartermaster Sergeants:

William Stevens,
John Crawford,

Thomas K. Waddle,
Charles Kepple,

Thomas Gilfrey, William Duucan.

Andrew Walker,

John Bishop,

Wagoner :

Ephraiin Banning,

John Stokes, .

Joseph Shute.

P. Hamilton,

John M. Jackson, T" 1

D. R. Hamilton,

Michael Harris,

Captaips:

W. M. McCartney,

George Boothe,

Charles Creel, James M. Wilson,

Wiley M. Sloan,

William Stewart,

A. P. Smith, Chas. W. Waddill,

O. H. Casley,

S. A. Hunt,

W. S. Hendricks, Vaudever Banks,

C. W. Dunsworth,

Patrick Aber,

Samuel C. Hogan, Williuiu I. Pace,

Lewis Mourning,

Richard Mussou,

F. D. Lipe, B. Maxwell,.

A. Stephens,

Joseph Riley,

John Long, W. F. Blandiu,

Thomas J. Hunt,

Shad Goan,

Thomas Davis. J. L. N. Hall.

"William Boyd,

Peter Dye,

Lieutenants:

Edmond Beau,

Thomas White,

Joseph Crawford, Peter McClure,

J. J. Lower,
James Chamberlain,

Luke Prentice,
Levi Done,

J. L. Cross, I. C. Webb,

Harry B. Holden, John Baker,
Thomas Shippey, John Smith,
John R. Edmonston, H. H. Burr,
Milton L. Archer, Patrick Laughlin,
Thomas Mustain, Richard Brightwell,
William Edrnonston, I. L. Twyman,
James S. Palmer, Absolom Parker,
William B. Clarke, Bethel Owen,
Philetus Rice, J. C. D. Carmack,
Jonathan L. Berry, Andrew Alison, /
George C. Vest, John C. Webb,
V. M. Hardin, A. Dorothy,
Perry Laugford, Harrison Hungate,
Joseph P. Gates.

Isaac Bacon,
Eliphate Jarvis,
Win. B. Walker,
G. S. Hainline,
R. J. Scott,
John S. Wilson,
H. H. McGee,
James Dye,
Stephen White,
W. W. Clayton,
Silas Parker,
James Stroud,
James Wilson,
John Rollins,

William Stroud,
J. L. Cross,
J. M. Head,
J. N. Clark,
G. W. Head,
William B. Head,
Robert Garheart,
A. J. Walker,
Eli Campbell,
William Lower,
Samuel M. Not,
A. Fulkerson,
William B. Clarke,
A. D. McBride,

J. W. Walker,

George Painter,

Privates:

Samuel McCray,

Samuel Bland,

Heury Thompson, John Creel,

George Head,

J. B. Stapp,

John W. Clarke, G. E. Robinson,

A. G. Hainline,

Orin Chatterton,

Silas Creel, David Hogsett,

Jacob Slickle,

Michael Youst,

William, Brooking E. Brooking,

J., Mitchell,

G. W. Eyres,

Levi Hamilton, James R. Simpson,

J. H. Head,

Nathan Hainline,

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 131

Samuel Clarke,

Frank Clarke,

William McCord,

James Jarvis,

Nelson Montgomery

, S. H. Gillihan,

Slocum Wooley,

Roily Martin,

C. W. Fulkerson,

William Owens,

Charles Martin,

Moses Haskins,

Hugh McDonough,

David Badger,

Beta Haskins,

John Caldwell,

Jonathan Parker,

Allen Porter,

Oliver C. Smith,

S. M. C. Pennington,

Asa Decker,

Elias Clem,

Robert Andrews,

Henry W. Foster,

Andrew Jackson,

Thomas Jackson,

James F. Greenup,

Thomas Richardson,

B. Whittington,

William Gibson,

Anson Richardson,

Martin Miles,

William Badger,

C. McDonough,

William Waddle,

Robert Comer,

John C. Conants,

Nathaniel Barker,

Cyrus Wing,

Clem Reddick,

Ambrose G. Owen,

James Moore,

James McKee,

John W. Lane,

Lewis Scalf,

George Crossier,

James Fulton,

James McCurdy,

Charles Jackson,

Peter McDonough,

Jonas Hushaw,

Elam Chockley,

David Kepple.

R. G. King,

Watson Chockley,

Benjamin Chockley,

John Badger,

Roswell Tyrrell,

Richard Chockley,

Isom J. David,

William Graftou,

Ladwick Courier,

William Toland,

Thomas Toland,

Matthew Framel,

C. G. Gilchrist,

George Woods,

Randolph Hall,

B. B. Jackson,

William Ervin,

John Seward,

D. Sandridge,

D. Boyd,

James Rigdon,

Thomas Bailey,

John P. Kinkade,

John Twidwell,

Isham Rigdon,

George W. Shultz,

Walter Scott,

Josiah Ralston,

John Smith,

James H. Atkinson,

Edmond Cave,

Isaac Garrett,

H. Garrett,

Jerry Sullivan,

James Walker,

Isaac Smith,

Henry Garrett,

John Allison,

Nelson Campbell,

H. Melton,

Allen Melton,

Samuel Pollock,

T. W. Greenup,

Bird Smith,

John B. Wear,

William Henley,

Alfred Ripitow,

Joseph D. Wear,

W. Melton,

Benjamin Miller,

Jesse Jeams,

Andrew D. Wear,

Nathan Stephens,

Gholson Lane,

Elisha Dungan

Augustus Lillard,

James Hendricks,

Jesse Beck,

William Beck,

David Jenkins,

Reuben Alexander,

G. W. Coker,

William Sullivan, ^^

John Kennedy,

Solomon Kennedy,

Alfred Gibson,

James Gibson,

John Hill,

Levi Sawyer,

William Rice,

Robert Smithers,

Nicholas Jarvis,

Isaac Ho well,

John Hushaw,

Johnson Downer,

Isaac Welch,

N. C. Averill,

Joel Pennington,

Lewis Springer,

V. A. Caldwell,

G. W. Welch,

F. C. Tomberliu,

Travis Miller,

J. R. Welch,

Jefferson Welch,

A. J. Cockeram,

J. J. Wyatt,

H. J. Averill,

John James,

Nathan Hayes,

B. T. Gibson,

William Carmack,

Moses Stookey,

Wesley Harlnn,

Robert Black,

William Walker,

Rufus Botts,

William B. Peak,

James Rasor,

N. B. Wooley,

James Williams,

David Later,

Edmond Naylor,

Othias DeHaven,

James Dorothy,

Jeremiah Sullivan,

Hugh Black,

Jessie Hainline,

Hiram Hainline,

Robert L. Dark,

Sam n el McClure,

John Logan, Jr.,

William Martin,

Morton Pringle,

William S. Bailey,

Henry Martin,

Joshua White,

D. C. Riggs,

Edmond Barber,

William Hardesty,

James Milsaps,

William II. Pringle,

John MrCorrnick,

James Seybold,

Henry H. Monarch,

N. Edmondson,

Shad. Campbell,

E. T. Monarch,

Isaac Bogart,

Isaac McCowen,

Benjamin Stephen,

Jacob Hutchiuson,

Jacob Keithley,

John Friend,

Robert Barber,

C. C. Hungate,

A. G. McCord,

A. Edmondsou,

Thomas Dungan,

132

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

George W, Mitchell,

Wm. W. McCormick,

John Monk,

Samuel Haney,

Francis Wayland,

Zoel Wayland,

N. B. Hardin,

B. Past,

Francis Rice,

Thomas Allison,

San ford Past,

Jasper Twichell,

Andrew Allison,

G. C. Lane,

Joseph Overton,

G. Hainline,

Anderson Cannon,

Jesse Neece,

John Ledgerwood,

John Purdy,

Henry Perry,

Alexander Provine,

J. H. Hughes,

Jacob Humbert,

John Fletcher,

Jacob Massingill,

Francis McSpirit,

Smith Haines,

Joseph Bailey,

Botson Seybold,

J. H. Baker,

A. C. Bristow,

Elijah Stephens,

Israel Camp, Jr.,

Reuben Harris,

Daniel Duncan,

John Barrett,

William J. Despain,

D. Bristow,

Sylvester Ruddle,

William Gahagan,

Jonathan Comar,

Wesley Langford,

Preston Anderson,

T. B. McCormick,

Nathan Scott,

H. Mayhew,

James Peak,

John E. Jackson,

William Lovely,

Robert Dorothy,

Lewis Past,

George W. Neece,

L. M. Hobart,

J. E Lansdown,

Lorenzo Twichell,

James Perry,

George Hume,

D. F. Martin,

S. Stewart,

A. II. Rutledge,

David Scott,

G. G. Guy,

William Scott,

Joseph Haines,

Isaac Fugate,

J. Rollins,

William Humbert,

John W. Fugate,

Jacob Morgan,

William Stickle,

Allen Bland,

Thomas Shoopman,

Jacob S. Matthews,

Thomas J. Caldwell,

Wm. Walker,

Edward Dixon,

B. Mason,

B J.Welclt,

B. R. Hampton,

B. B. Edmondson,

John G. Stoneking,

Harry Caruiack.

Martin Miles.

Thomas E, Smedley,

J. J. Smedley,

H. S. Head,

Hiram Bellew,

Caleb Husted,

John Bundridge,

William D. Mustain,

Robert Kellison,

H. V. Craig,

Samuel Calvin,

Wm. J. Epperson,

James D. Eads,

Robert Clugston,

John McCoy,

E. F. Randall,

Nathan Ferris,

G. W. Shoopman,

Carroll Lane,

James P. Birtland,

Thomas Speaks,

John Wilson, Jr.,

William Venard,

C. A. Brown,

William E. Duncan,

C. Pruit,

William T. Wells,

Joseph Duncan,

William Wilson,

J. C. Vawter, (/William Shannon,

Simeon Everett,

H. G. Woodside,

Russell Riggs,

John E. Riggs,

John Hall,

Francis McKay,

John Nankeville,

William Thompson,

John L. Charter,

Henry Dorothy,

Charles Patrick,

M. C. Archer,

Redmond Grigsby,

Silas Grigsby,

Nathan Dunsworth,

James Dunsworth,

David Alton,

Henry Alton,

Thomas Hunt,

Amos Gibson,

Hugh Conner,

John Hagerty,

Arch. Holstein,

Robert McCumsey,

William Moss,

Geoge Bughman,

Washington Owens,

John Patrick,

Philetus Knight,

John Bowman,

Samuel Dark,

John Ferguson,

Jonathan Charter,

A. L. Bryant,

J. Q. McClure,

Robert Archer,

B. B. Head,

Ephraim Hammer,

Robert Hall,

G. A. Tayl,

Squire Charter,

John T. Mustain.

William Parks,

George Venard,

Samuel Dunlap,

James Ward,

Peter Riggs,

John B. Case,

James Grigsby,

\Villiam Grigsby,

Nimrod Duskill,

James C. Archer,

John Vance,

Isaac Harris

Jacob Waimac,

William T. Archer,

Alva Alton,

John Huston,

John I. Foster,

William W. Wilson,

John Duncan,

John L. Gordon,

John Crisp,

A. J. Edmonston,

Alex. McCullin,

John Gilfrey, Sr.,

James McPeters,

William Owens,

Norman Davis,

John T. Gilfrey,

J. J. Mathews,

Samuel Wilson,

N. Herrin,

C. A. Lawson,

William Ellis,

Hugh B. Smiley,

G. A. Farwell,

N. Montgomery,

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 133

* T. B. Maury, P. H. Walker,

Wesley Freeland, William Ervin,

Merritt A. Russell, Wen. L. Broaddus,

R. M. Bonham, Thomas McElrath,

G. W. Smith, Joseph Long,

James Walker, James Anderson,

R. H. Broaddus, 8. S. Whitmire, ,

Richard Rowley, Logan Kyle,

Joshua Conrad, J. M. Martin,

Daniel D. Rail, J. C. Roberts,

Thomas Pickelt, James Cannon,

Robert Cannon, James B. Kyle,

J. P. Head, David Lawson,

S. C. Watson, James Martin,

Manva Perry, Win. H. Randolph,

John Harrow, Samuel McKamy,

J. P. Updegraff, W. H. Kendrick,

J. O. C. Wilson, Abner Walker,

John Lowry, T. J. Beard,

J. H. Updegraff, Theodore Laughlin,

Andrew Lewis, J. E. Wyne,

Charles Chandler, Michael Martin,

T. M. Luster, Milton Sweeney,

Robert II. Broaddus, Wm. F. McCandless,

B. F. Martin, John L. Anderson,

R. F. Anderson, Joseph Bailey,

N. McElrath, C. M. Duffee,

Gowan DeCamp, Daniel Courtwright,

W. H. Kyle, Thomas Adcock,

J. W. McDonald, W. Courtwright,

William S. Hail, G. W. Watt,

O. C. Cannon, R. A. Biazeltou,

William H. Phelps, Henry Towls,

Charles Dunn, R. Garrett,

William B. Gordon, Martin Read,

Daniel Sullivan, John M. Sullivan.

J. B. McCartney, John Wiley,

Adonijah Hungate.

C. W. Dallam, Marshall Rogers,

CHAPTER IX .

THE WAE FOE THE UNION.

The institution of slavery was always

of a conciliatory character were passed,

a source of trouble between the free and

no attempt was made to carry their

slave-holding states. The latter were

threats into execution. Finally came

always troubled with the thought that

the repeal of the Missouri compromise

the former would encroach upon their

and the adoption of a measure known as

rights, and nothing could be done to

the Kansas-Nebraska bill. This bill

shake this belief. Compromise meas-

opened certain territory to slavery, which,

ures from time to time were adopted to

under the former act, was forever to be

settle the vexed question of slavery, but

free. About the time of the passage of

the fears of the slaveholders were only

this act, the whig party was in a state of

allayed for a short time. Threats of

dissolution, and the great body of that

secession were often made by the slave-

party, together with certain democrats

holding states, but as soon as measures

who were opposed to the Kansas-Ne-

134

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

braska bill, united, thus forming a new
party to which was given the name of
republican, having for its object the pre-
vention of the further extension of sla-
very. The people of the south imagined
they saw in this new party not only an
organized effort to prevent the extension
of slavery, but one that would eventu-
ally be used to destroy slavery in those
states in which it already existed.

In 1860, four presidential tickets were
in the field. Abraham Lincoln was the
candidate of the republicans, Stephen
A. Douglas of the national democrat,
John C. Breckenridge of the pro-slavery
interests, and John Bell of the union.
The union party was composed princi-
pally of those who had previously affili-
ated with the American or know-noth-
ing party. Early in the campaign there
were threats of secession and disunion
in case of the election of Abraham Lin-
coln, but the people were so accustomed
to southern bravado that little heed was
given to the bluster.

On the 20th of December, 1860, South
Carolina, by a convention of delegateSj
declared "that the union now existing
between South Carolina and the other
states of North America is dissolved,
and that the state of South Carolina has
resumed her position among the nations
of the earth as a free, sovereign and
independent state, with full power to
levy war and conclude peace, contract
alliances, establish commerce, and do all
other acts and things which independent
states may of right do."

On the 24th Gov. Pickens issued a
proclamation declaring that "South
Carolina is, and has a right to be, a free
and independent state, and as such has

a right to levy war, conclude peace, and
do all acts whatever that rightfully ap-
pertain to a free and independent state."

On the 26th Major Anderson evacuated
Fort Moultrie and occupied Fort Sum-
ter. Two days previously he wrote
President Buchanan's secretary of war,
John B. Floyd, as follows:

"When I inform you that my garrison
consists of only 60 effective men, and
that we are in very indifferent works,the
walls of which are only fourteen feet
high ; and that we have within 160 yards
of our walls, sand hills which command
our works and Avhich afford admirable
sites for batteries and the finest coverts
for sharp-shooters ; and that besides this
there are numerous houses, some of
them within pistol shot, and you will at
once see that if attacked in force, headed
by any one but a simpleton, there is
scarcely a posibility of our being able to
hold out long enough for our friends to
come to our succor."

His appeals for re-inforcements were
seconded by General Scott, but unheeded
by President Buchanan, and entirely
ignored by Secretary of War Floyd.

On the 28th South Carolina troops
occupied Fort Moultrie and Castle
Pinckney, and hoisted the palmetto flag
on the ramparts. On the 29th John B.
Floyd resigned his place in Buchanan's
cabinet, charging that the president in
refusing to remove Major Anderson from
Charleston Harbor, designed to plunge
the country into civil war, and added:
"I cannot consent to be the agent of such
a calamity." On the same day the South
Carolina commissioners presented their
official credentials at Washington, which,
on the next day, were declined.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

137

On the second day of January, 1861,
Georgia declared for secession, and Geor-
gia troops took possession of the United
States arsenal in Augusta, and Forts
Pulaski and Jackson.

Gov. Ellis, of North Carolina, seized
the forts at Beaufort and Wilmington
and the arsenal at Fayetteville. On the
evening of the 4th, the Alabama and
Mississippi delegations in congress tele-
graphed the conventions of their respec-
tive states to secede, telling them that
there was no prospect of a satisfactory
adjustment.

On the 7th the conventions of Ala-
bama, Mississippi and Tennessee met in
secession conclave. Secretary Thomp-
son resigned his seat in the cabinet on
the 9th, on the ground that, contrary to
promises, troops had been sent to Major
Anderson. On the same day, the Star of
the West, carrying supplies and rein-
forcements to Major Anderson, with her
flag at her mast-head, was fired into from
Morris Island, and obeying instructions
turned homeward, leaving Fort Sumter
and its gallant little band of heroes to
the mercy of the rebels and traitors.
On the same day, also, the ordinance of
secession passed the Mississippi conven-
tion. Florida adopted an ordinance of
secession on the 10th, and Alabama on
the llth. On the latter day the rebels
seized the arsenal at Baton Rouge, and
Forts St. Philip and' Jackson, at the
mouth of the Mississippi river, and Fort
Pike at the entrance of Lake Pontchar-
train. Pensacola navy yard and Fort
Barrancas were surrendered to rebel
troops by Colonel Armstrong on the 13th.
Lieutenant Slemmer, who had drawn
his command from Fort McRae to Fort

Pickens, defied Armstrong's orders and
announced his intention to "hold the
fort" at all hazards, The Georgia con-
vention adopted an ordinance of seces-
sion on the 19th. On the following day
Lieutenant Slemmer was besieged by a
thousand "allied troops" at Fort Pick-
ens. Louisiana adopted an ordinance
of secession on the 25th. On the 1st of
February the rebels seized the United
States mint and custom house at New
Orleans. The peace convention assem-
bled at Washington on th^ 4th, but ad-
journed without doing anything to quiet
the disturbed elements. On the 9th a
provisional constitution was adopted at
Montgomery, Alabama, it being the con-
stitution of the United States "re-con-
structed" to suit their purposes. Jeffer-
son Davis, of Mississippi, was chosen
president, and Alexander H. Stephens,
of Georgia, vice-president, of the "con-
federate states of North America."
Jefferson Davis was inaugurated on
the 18th, and on the 25th it
was learned that General Twiggs,
commanding the department of Tex-
as, had basely betrayed his trust ?
and had surrendered all the military
posts, ammunition and arms to the Texas
authorities.

Abraham Lincoln, was inaugurated
March 4, 1861, in front of the capitol,
the ceremonies being witnessed by a vast
concourse of people. Before taking the
oath, Mr. Lincoln pronounced in a clear,
ringing voice his inaugural address, to
hear which there was an almost painful
solicitude ; to read which the whole Amer-
ican people and civilized world awaited
with irrepressible anxiety. With that
address and the administration of the

138

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

oath of office, the people were assured.
All doubt, if any had previously existed,
was removed. In the hands of Abraham
Lincoln, the people's president, and him-
self of the people, the government was
safe.

Traitors were still busy plotting and
planning. Troops were mustering in all
the seceded states. On Friday, April 12,
the surrender of Fort Sumpter, with its
garrison of sixty effective men, was da-
manded and bravely refused by the gal-
lant Robert Anderson, the heroic com-
mander. Fire was at once opened on
the almost helpless garrison by the rebel
forces, numbering several thousands.
Kesistence for any length of time was
useless, and at last, out of ammunition and
seared and scorched by flames from their
burning quarters, the little band of heroic
men were compelled to give up, and the
national colors were hauled down and by
traitors hands were trailed in the dust,
the dirt and the mire not defiling them
half as much as the Judas touch of arrant
rebels. On Sunday morning, the 14th,
the news of the surrender was received
in all the principal cities of the union.
That was all, but that was enough. A
day later when the news was confirmed
and spread throughout the country, the
patriotic people of the north were roused
from their dreams of the future from
undertakings half completed and made
to realize that behind that mob there was
a dark, deep and well organized purpose
to destroy the government, rend the
union in twain, and out of its ruins erect
a slave oligarchy; wherein no one would
dare question their right to hold in bond-
age the sons and daughters of men whose
skins were black. Their dreams of the

future their plans for the establishment
of an independent confederacy -were
doomed from their inception to sad and
bitter disappointment. Everywhere
north of Mason and Dixon's line the
home of the freemen the voice of Prov-
idence was heard.
"Draw forth your million blades as one ;
Complete the battle now begun;
God fights with ye, and overhead
Floats the dear banner of your dead.
They, and the glories of the past,
The future, dawning dim and vast,
And all the holiest hopes of man,
Are beaming triumphant in your van.

"Slow to resolve, be swift to do;
Teach ye the False, how fights the True ;
How buckled perfidy shall feel,
In her black heart the Patriot's steel ;
How sure the bolt that Justice wings ;
How weak the arm a traitor brings ;
How mighty they who steadfast stand,
For freedom's flag and freedom's land."

On Monday, April 15, President Lin-
coln issued the following proclamation:

WHEREAS, The laws of the United States
have for some time past, and are now, opposed,
and the execution thereof obstructed, in the
states of South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Mis-
sissippi, Louisiana and Texas, by combinations
too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary
course of judicial proceedings, or by the power
vested in the marshals ; now, therefore, I, Abra-
ham Lincoln,president of the United States, by
virtue of the power in me vested by the consti-
tution and the laws, have thought to call forth,
and hereby do call forth, the militia of the sev-
eral states of the Union, to the number of seven-
ty-five thousand, in order to suppress said com-
binations, and to cause the laws to be duly
executed.

The details for this subject will be immedi-
ately communicated to the state authorities
through the war department. I appeal to all
loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and to aid this

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

139

effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and
existence of our National Union, and the per-
petuity of popular government, and to redress
wrongs already long endured. I deem it proper
to say that the first services assigned to the forces
hereby called forth will probably be to reposses
the forts, places and property which have been
seized from the Union; and in every event the
utmost care will be observed, consistently with
the object aforesaid, to avoid any devastation,
any destruction of, or interference with property,
or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any
part of the country ; and I hereby command the
persons composing the combinations aforesaid,
to disperse and retire peaceably to their respect-
ive abodes within twenty days from this date.

Deeming that the present condition of public
affairs presents an extraordinarv occasion, I do
hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by
the constitution, convene both houses of con-
gress. The senators and representatives are
therefore summoned to assemble at their re-
spective chambers at 12 o'clock, noon, on Thurs-
day, the fourth day of July next, then and there
to consider and determine such measures as in
their wisdom the public safety and interest may
seem to demand.

In witness thereof, I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the United States to
be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, on the fif-
teenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the
independence of the United States the eighty-
fifth.

By the president,

ABRAHAM 'LINCOLN.

WILLIAM H. SEWARD, secretary of state.

The last word of this proclamation
had scarcely been taken from the elec-
tric wire before the call was filled. Men
and money were counted out by hun-
dreds and thousands. The people who
loved their whole country could not give
enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated
and pulsated through every heart. The

farm, the workshop, the office, the pul-
pit, the bar, the bench, the college, the
school house every calling offered its
best men, their lives and fortunes, in
defense of the government's honor and
unity. Party lines were for a time
ignored. Bitter words, spoken in mo-
ments of political heat, were forgotten
and forgiven, and joining hands in a
common cause, they repeated the oath
of America's soldier statesman: "By the
great eternal, the union must and shall
be preserved!"

Seventy-five thousand men were not
enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor
were ten times that number. The war
went on, and call followed call, until it
seemed as if there were not men enough
in all the free states to crush out the
rebellion. But to every call for either
men or money, there was a willing and
ready response. The gauntlet thrown
down by traitors of the south was ac-
cepted; not, however, in the spirit which
insolence meets insolence, but with a
firm, determined spirit of patriotism
and love of country. The duty of the
president was plain under the constitu-
tion and laws, and, above and beyond
all, the people, from whom all political
power is derived, demanded the sup-
pression of the rebellion, and stood
ready to sustain the authority of their
representative and executive officers to
the utmost extremity.

Settled as McDonough county was by
many from the southern states, it is in
no wise derogatory to her that in the
breasts of many of her citizens beat
hearts in sympathy with the cause of
the southern confederacy, and that a
feeling of ill-will should prevail against

140

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

the radical abolitionist. But to their
honor be it spoken, that many of these,
who looked upon the movement of the
south as -having just grounds, with a
noble patriotism, sank all sectional and
political feelings in their devotion to the
cause of the Union, and the "star
gemmed flag" of their country." Many
of the citizens of the county of McDon-
ough, and among them many of the most
influential "and respected ones, used
every honorable means to defeat the
election of Abraham Lincoln to the
presidency, deeming it to the best inter-
ests of the country. But others worked
equally hard to elevate the favorite son
of Illinois to the executive seat, although
a no less distinguished citizen of Illinois
was one of his opponents. The vote, in
November, 1860, best shows the number of
those who favored the election of Lincoln
and who favored his opponents : for Lin-
coln, 2,255 votes; for Douglas, 2,266;
for Breckenridge, 6; and for Bell, 62.
In the minds of all it seemed impossible
that the south would secede, and that
this glorious republic would be disrupt-
ed, thinking that when the excitement of
the political campaign had passed away,
peace and prosperity would continue.
But when the sad news of Anderson's
surrender was made known throughout
the land, no greater indignation, at the
outrage to our flag, was betrayed any-
where than in McDonough county.
Political rancor was hushed, partisan
feeling was swept away, and pure patriot-
ism animated the whole people. Nobly
did the people of the county respond to*
the calls for men in the foregoing proc-
lamation, and at each succeeding call.
Meetings were held all over the county,

participated in by men of all former
shades of opinion and party, but all now
animated by but one feeling. At Ma-
comb, on the 17th of April, 1861, a pub-
lic meeting was held, and a committee,
consisting of Nelson Abbott, Charles
Chandler, A. K. Lowry,W. E. Withrow,
John Knappenberger and Carter Van
Vleck, three democrats and three repub-
licans, was appointed to draw up resolu-
tions. They made a report to the meet-
ing of the following, which were soon
adopted:

WHEREAS, War against the government of the
United States has been commenced by the
authorities of the so-called confederate states,
by assailing and reducing Fort Sumpter, a for-
tress garrisoned and defended by United States
soldiers, and under the sacred protection of the
national flag; and,

WHEREAS, The president of the United
States has issued his proclamation reciting that
" the laws of the United States have been and
are opposed in several states by combinations
too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary
way," and calling for volunteers to suppress said
combination and execute the laws; be it

Resolved by the citizens of McDonough
county, without distinction of party, in mass
meeting assembled, That it is the duty of all
loyal and patriotic citizens, at whatever cost of
blood and treasure, to sustain and support the
constitutioned authorities of the United States
in their lawful efforts to preserve the Union,
maintain the integrity of the constitution and
the supremacy of all the laws, and protect the
federal capital and sustain the honor of our na-
tional flag.

Resolved, That, while we would be glad to
see such legislation adopted by the federal and
state governments as would, if possible, bring
about an honorable reconciliation between the
citizens of the several states, yet we deem it the
duty of our legislature about to assemble to pass
such laws as will render the general govern-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

141

ment speedy and efficient aid in all its lawful
endeavors to carry out the objects indicated in
the foregoing resolution.

Resolved, That the stars and stripes are the
emblems of our country's liberties and honors,
and wheresoever floating it is the duty of every
American citizen to yield to that flag uncondi-
tional allegiance and undying devotion.

At Colchester, April 9th, at a public
meeting, the following was adopted as
the sense of the meeting:

Resolved, That we, the citizens of Colchester
and vicinity, have no ill feeling toward any po-
litical party, and say, with the immortal Clay,
that we know no north no south no east no
west; we know only the welfare of our country.

Resolved, That, in view of our present crisis,
we pledge our support to the administration for
the purpose of sustaining the government, the
the constitution, and the Union. In doing so we
show them we are not degenerated sons of '76.

At Foster's point, on the evening of
the 27th of April, the citizens assembled
and adopted the following:

WHEREAS, The government of these United
States has been assailed the flag of our coun-
try fired upon and dishonored our country is
severely threatened with destruction ; therefore,

Resolved, That we, without respect to party,
declare our undying devotion to the Union, the
constitution, and the enforcement of the laws.

Resolved, That we know no government but
our government, no country but our country, and
no flag but the stars and stripes of our honored
sires.

In other parts of the county other
meetings passed just as strong resolu-
tions. Recruiting offices were opened,
and by the 20th of April one company
was formed, with Y. Y. Ralston as cap-
tain, and within a few days another was
ready, with D. P. "Wells as captain.
These two companies were raised at
Macomb and a third was formed at Mid-

dletown, under Captain Samuel Wilson.
These three companies departed for
Springfield, the general rendezvous of
the Illinois troops, and were assigned to
the 16th infantry, being respectively
companies A, B, and C, of that famous
regiment. The companies were all es-
corted to the depot by hosts of friends,
and they were heartily cheered, and
many a heartfelt ''God bless you" was
given as they moved off, many never to
come back to home and loved ones.

All throughout the long years that the
dark cloud of war covered our country,
the enlistment of men, the forming of
new companies, the constant stir and ex-
citement was kept up, and men, young,
middle-aged and old, pressed to the
front. In all, nearly three thousand
brave and gallant sons of McDonough
county represented her in the ranks of
"blue-coated national defenders," men
who stood in the red front of lurid bat-
tle, and always took a prominent part.
Numbers of them laid down their lives
upon the altar of their country, and
their bones enrich the soil of nearly
every southern state. From the Poto-
mac to the Rio Grande, from Albemarle
sound to the Rocky Mountains have
their drums beat, and the ground re-
echoed to their tread, and no more heroic
soldiers led the van in many a stricken
field than did the representatives from
this section of the state.

While they were away upon the tented
field, the patriotic men and women at
home were not idle. Although impossi-
sible to get the county to do anything
in an official way for the relief of sol-
diers' families, many, as private citizens,
thought it not only a duty but a blessed

142

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

privilege to render all the aid in their
power. During the entire four years of
war, we think but little actual suffering
was experienced by any at home on ac-
count of the absence of their natural
protectors, who were serving their coun-
try. Fairs and festivals were held for
the purpose of obtaining sanitary sup-
plies for those in the field, and soldiers'
aid societies were continually investigat-
ing and relieving the wants of the
needy at home.

On Wednesday, September 10, 1862,
there was presented to the board a pe-
tition signed by numerous citizens of
Macomb and the county generally, ask-
ing the board to take some action in re-
gard to providing for the families of the
volunteers from McDonough county.
The question was at once referred to the
committee of the whole. On the 12th
of the same month, the board, on motion
of Mr. Casto, the member from Macomb,
resolved itself into a committee of the
whole, for the consideration of the ques-
tion. After considerable discussion, the
following preamble and resolutions were
offered by L. G. Keid, and were adopted:

" WHEREAS, Divers persons of this county
have petitioned this board to make an appropri-
ation for the support and maintenance of the
families of the volunteers of this county that
have enlisted in the United States service ; and,

" WHEREAS, This board is not advised as to
the number that have volunteered from this
county, nor have they any knowledge of the
condition of those families that it is proposed to
assist; therefore,

" Resolved, That the supervisors of each
township be appointed a committee to ascertain
the number and condition of the families of vol-
unteers in each township of the county, and re-
port to this board at its next meeting. And be
t further

" Resolved, That the supervisor of each town
shall be required to call the attention of their
several townships to the propriety of calling
town meetings for an expression of the wishes
of the tax payers in regard to the proposed ap-
propriation, and report such expression so ex-
pressed at the next meeting of this board."

At the October session following, an
abstract of the votes taken on the sub-
ject of making the appropriation in
favor of the wives and families of the
volunteers in the service of the general
government, was presented to the board,
of which the following is a copy:

Township : For app. Against

Eldorado , 4 72

New Salem 23

Mound 5 18

Industry 4 103

Macomb 42 19

Walnut Grove 5 48

Bethel 5 75

Chalmers 2 60

Emmett 17 57

Sciota 8 19

Lamoine 1 108

Tennesseee 8 117

Hire 2 97

Blandinsville 5 125

By this it will be seen that there were
but 113 "for the appropriation," and 918
against the appropriation," with the
townships of Scotland and Prairie City
to hear from, thus defeating the action
of the board.

At a meeting of the board of super-
visors, held on the 26th of June, 1863,
the following resolution was presented
by B. B. Hampton, and on motion of
J. P. Updegraff, it was adopted:

WHEREAS, There have been a number of
battles recently fought by General Grant's divis-
ion of the army, between Jackson and Vicks-
burg; and

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

143

WHEREAS, Many of the citizens of McDon-
ough county are soldiers in that division; and

WHEREAS, The sanitary commission, of Chi-
cago, have called upon the people of the state
of Illinois for aid for the sick and wounded sol-
diers at Vicksburg; therefore,

Resolved, That we make an appropriation of
one hundred dollars out of any county funds not
otherwise appropriated, for the benefit of said
sick and wounded soldiers, and the clerk is
hereby directed to issue a county order for that
amount, and send the money to the secretary of
the Chicago sanitary commission.

In his history of McDonough county,
S. J. Clarke, a resident of the county at
the time, says of the year 1862 :

"During this year our armies met with
a number of reverses, and doubts arose
in the minds of many as to the power of
the government to put down the rebel-
lion. Organizations were formed
throughout the north, of men who fav-
ored a cessation of hostilities, the with-
drawal of our troops from southern soil,
and a compromise with the rebels. The
organization was regarded as treason-
able by the administration, and many of
the leaders of the movement were ar-
rested without regular warrant and in-
carcerated in various prisons, while the
writ of habeas corpus was suspended. A
great hue and cry was raised because of
this fact; the government was denounced
as tyrannical, and a forcible resistance
was seriously advocated. A large num-
ber in McDonough county joined in the
movement with the opposition, and party
strife again ran high. Friends of long
standing became enemies, and threats
of personal damage were made upon both
sides. Recruiting for the army was
well nigh suspended, and the union cause
seemed very dark. At this juncture, B.

K. Hampton introduced the following
resolution, and asked its adoption by the
board of supervisors at their session in
Mayrl863:

WHEREAS, Our nation is now involved in
civil war, brought about by the acts of designing
and unscrupulous men who seek to destroy the
best government ever instituted upon the earth
by man ; and believing it to be the duty of all
public bodies, assembled for the purpose of
transaction of public business, to throw their
influence, whether it be much or little, on the
side of the government and for the maintenance
of its power and authority ; therefore,

Resolved, That although some of us may
differ with the administration in relation to
some of its war policy, yet we are anxious to see
the rebels subdued, and forced to submit to the
regularly constituted authorities of the United
States ; and further, that we are opposed to any
and all propositions for a compromise, come
from what source they may, short of an uncon-
ditional surrender of the rebels to the govern-
ment.

Resolved, That we utterly condemn all sym-
pathizers with the rebellion, wherever found, as
also that spirit of fault-finding which is so rife
among us.

On motion, the subject of the adop-
tion of the resolutions were laid upon
the table, and afterward being taken
therefrom, after slight amendment by
Mr. Hampton, and considerable discus-
sion ensuing, Supervisor Reid offered
the following as a substitute for those of
Mr. Hampton:

Resolved, That McDonough county has been, is
now, and will forever remain, devotedly attached
to the federal government of the United States,
under the constitution which creates that gov-
ernment and defines its powers.

Resolved, That, we are in favor of destroying
the rebellion, and sanction any legitimate means
for the accomplishment of that purpose, either
through an honorable compromise of difficulties
or a convention of all the states for arranging

144

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

terms of mutual intercourse, leaving to every
state the right to regulate their domestic affairs
in their own way, subject only to the constitu-
tion.

Resolved, That we sincerely regret that the
president has not moved with the whole power
of the army placed in his hands by a confiding
but betrayed people, upon the enemy's works,
but instead thereof has made war upon unarmed
and patriotic citizens of the north, whose only
" crime " has been devotion to the constitution
and best interests of the country.

Resolved, That we view with just alarm the
repeated usurpations of power by the president
and his military officers, in the arbitrary arrests
and imprisonment of peaceable citizens; in their
mock trial and imprisonment; in the attempt to
overawe peaceful meetings of the people called
" to petition the government for redress of
grievances;" in the arbitrary suspension of the
habeas corpus ; in the substitution of the will or
whim of an irresponsible officer for the written
law; that. if these and other kindred usurpations
are not rebuked and counteracted by the friends
of law and order, then indeed is a military des-
potism established over us, our constitution de-
stroyed, and a new government destructive of
our liberties inaugurated in the place of the
fundamental laws bequeathed to us by our
fathers.

Resolved, That we call upon this government
to return to true and faithful allegian.ee to the
constitution, and to employ the remaining period
of their short term of power in honest endeav-
ors to restore the country to the condition of
peace, prosperity and growth which distin-
guished our country before the advent of a sec-
tional organization of power.

Resolved, That, the profligate squandering of
the public money by the officers under the con-
trol of President Lincoln is without a parallel
for recklessness and infamy in the history of
any civilized nation ; in the language of John P.
Hale, we solemnly "believe and declare that the
liberties of this country are in greater danger
to-day from the corruption and profligacy prac-
ticed in the various departments of this admin-

istration than they are from the open enemy in
the field."

Resolved, That, we request our'representutive
in congress, the Hon. Lewis W. Ross, to use his
best exertions to secure the repeal of the con-
scription bill, the indemnity bill, and all other
oppressive and partisan enactments of the late
congress; also, to oppose all measures looking
toward a recognition of the independence of the
southern confederacy.

Resolved, That in the language of Governor
Seymour, "having given the administration a
generous support in the war, we pause to see
what kind of a government it is for which we
are asked to pour out our blood and our treas-
ures, and demand to know whether the w r ar is
waged to put down the rebellion at the south, or
destroy free institutions at the north."

Pending the question of the adoption
of the resolutions, Supervisor Potter of-
fered the following as a substitute there-
for, to-wit:

Resolved, That we, as a board of supervisors,
whatever shades of difference of opinion there
may be among us, we are united in this, a firm
and unshaken determination to stand upon the
federal constitution standing upon this broad
basis, we are opposed to secession, and to sup-
press it, we are in favor of the use of the means
guaranteed to us by a wise and benignant gov-
ernment, arms, amnesty, redress of grievances,
an honorable compromise on all subjects of con-
troversy ; in short, by the use of all means that
become a wise and Christian nation.

Resolved, That upon this basis shall we
stand till the "trump of peace shall sound."

The resolutions of Mr. Porter were
rejected, and those of Mr. Reid adopted.

As we have before remarked, enlist-
ments for the army were slow at this
time, and in order to encourage volun-
teers, Hon. B. R. Hampton, at the De-
cember meeting (1863) of the board of
supervisors, offered the following reso-
lution, which was rejected by the board:

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

145

Resolved, That in addition to the bounties
offered by the government of the United States
for recruits, we offer a county bounty of lifty
dollars to each man who is the head of a family,
and twenty-five dollars to each single or unmar-
ried man who shall hereafter enlist in the mil-
itary service of the United States.

But the government had need of men,
and as the quota of this county was not
full, drafting was resorted to. We may
here state that had McDonough county
received credit for all who had gone
from her midst, no draft would ever
have been ordered here; but many, in
order to receive the large bounty offered
by other counties, went there for the
purpose of enlistment. When this strain
came, those who were formerly opposed
to the giving of a bounty by the county
for volunteers, now became clamorous
for it to be done at once. On the 14th
day of December, 1864, W. H. Green
offered the following preamble and reso-
lution, which was adopted by the board
of supervisors:

WHEREAS, It has become necessary for the
government of the United States to draft men
into the service of the United States, for the
purpose of suppressing the rebellion in the
southern states; and,

WHEREAS, The government of the United
States does not pay a sufficient bounty to obtain
volunteers for said service ; now, therefore,

Resolved, That the board of supervisors of the
county of McDonough request William H.
Neece, the representative of this county in the
legislature of this state, to have such law or laws
passed at the next meeting of the legislature as
will empower the board of supervisors of this
county to levy a tax sufficient to enable the
county to offer bounties to persons enlisting in
the military service of the United States, and to
enable drafted men to procure substitutes when
drafted into said service.

This was accordingly done, and Mr.
Neece, in due time, introduced a bill be-
fore the legislature in accordance with
the provisions of the above request. The
bill became a law, receiving the signa-
ture of the governor. On Monday, Feb-
ruary 6, 1865, the board of supervisors
were called together to take action on
this law. A dispatch was forwarded to
Mr. Neece, inquiring into the provisions
of the bill, and the answer being satis-
factory, John McSpirit offered the fol-
lowing resolutions, and moved their
adoption, viz:

Resolved by the board of supervisors of
McDonough county, that the sum of three hun-
dred dollars be, and the same is, hereby appro-
priated to each and every volunteer that may
have been, or shall be, enlisted in the military
service of the United States, to fill the quota of
McDonough county under the proclamation of
the president of the United States, made in De-
cember, 1864, for 300,000 men to fill the army :
provided, that this appropriation shall be al-
lowed to no person who shall be credited to any
other county, city or state, and to no person who
shall volunteer or present a representative sub-
stitute from any township after its quota under
the present call shall have been filled. Also,
that the sum of three hundred dollars be, and
the same is, hereby appropriated to each person,
a resident of this county, who shall be drafted
under the present call, to furnish a substitute or
enter the service himself : provided, further, that
where townships or parts of townships have al-
ready furnished volunteers under the present
call, by clubs or townships, and have paid the
men so furnished, then such clubs, townships, or
parts of townships, shall have the right to their
respective shares of this appropriation, instead
of the men so paid and in the service, to be paid
to such person or persons as the club or town-
ship may designate; to be divided pro rata
among all persons contributing to such club or
township fund in proportion to the amount of
their contribution : provided, also, that no in-

146

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

habitant of the city of Macomb shall be entitled
to any part of this appropriation unless the tax
to pay the same shall have been levied upon the
property of said city, as well as the property of
said county.

For the payment of the above appropriations
the clerk of the county court of McDonough
county is hereby authorized and directed to draw
his order on the treasurer of this county for the
sum of three hundred dollars, payable in one
year, and drawing six per cent, interest from
date, in favor of each and every persons volun-
teering, and credited to the several townships
and wards of said county, or their respective
orders ; and also to each and every drafted man
(after he shall have been accepted), or his order,
so far as the same may be necessary to fill the
quota of said county: provided, that any order
for said sum of three hundred dollars may be
made in amounts of fifty dollars, if required
by the person entitled thereto. The certificate
of the provost marshal of this district, as to the
names of the persons volunteering or having
been drafted, and as to the quotas of the differ-
ent townships or wards of this county, shall be
sufficient evidence to the clerk to authorize him
to act under the present appropriation.

Various substitutes were offered for
the foregoing resolutions. Among others
G. W. Provine offered one embodying
the following objections: First, that it
would be unequal and unjust for those
that have sons, or that have sent sons un-
der twenty-one years of age ; second, that
it is the duty and the privilege of every
able-bodied man to respond to the call
of his country in defense of his civil
and religious liberties; third, that the
making of such appropriations would in-
volve the county in such a debt as would
result in bankruptcy and ruin.

Previous to a vote upon the question
the privilege was given to L. H. Waters,
J. S. Bailey and James M. Campbell to

present their views. All the various
substitutes were voted down, and the
original resolutions of Mr. McSpirit
were adopted. Mr. Hamilton afterwards
(at March term, same year) endeavored
to have passed a resolution exempting
from taxation under the levy to raise
money for the payment of the bounties
certain classes, as follows: First, those
who have been themselves in the service
during the present war; second, those
who may be widows or orphans of sol-
diers who have served in the present
war; third, those have hired substitutes
in the present war previous to the pres-
ent call; those from whose families mi-
nors have gone out as soldiers during
the present war.

This resolution was voted down.

It has been shown by official reports
made by the county clerk to the state
adjutant-general, that there were paid
out by this county as bounty money the
sum of $134,400. In addition to this,
Mound township expended $5,860; Prai-
rie City, $18,049.39; New Salem, $6,266.-
50; a total for the county of $161,575.85.

EOSTEE.

The following is a complete roster of
the citizens of McDonough county, who
in that trying hour of a nation's need,
left wife, children and comfortable
homes, and shouldering the musket, went
to the front in discharge of the patriot's
duty. These are compiled from the
adjutant general's report, and other offi-
cial and authentic sources. If there are
any inaccuracies of spelling, or omis-
sions, the historians hope that they will
be pardoned, as the rolls have been fol-
lowed as nearly as possible, and none

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

147

has a higher appreciation of the "boys
in blue," than than the writers of these
annals:

SECOND ARTILLERY.

BATTERY II.

Sergeant :

Jonas Eckdall.

Clark, Peter, ST.,
Clark, Peter, Jr.,
Rutisharaer, Jacob,
Smith, James,
Waldrick, Patrick,
Corporal Newton,

Privates :

Jellison, John,
McCarty, John,
Megan, Martin,
Stewart, Charles,
Whitten, James,
Walter, Isadore.

BATTERY K.

Harris, Columbus, Fis*hbourne, Thomas.

BATTERY H SECOND ARTILLEEY.

Battery H, 2d Illinois light artillery,
was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois,
December, 1861, by Captain Andrew
Stenbeck, and was mustered in Decem-
ber 31, 1861, and February 6, 1862,
moved to Cairo, Illinois, and was sta-
tioned at Fort Holt. One section moved
to the siege of Fort Pillow, and returned
to Columbus, Kentucky., and from there
to Henderson and went into pursuit of
Morgan, August 1. One section moved
to Smithfield, Kentucky, and September
4, one moved to Clarksville, Tennessee,
January 1, 1864, sixty-five men re-en-
listed as veterans, and were f urloughed.
During the summer of 1864, the men of
the battery were mounted and armed, as
cavalry, and used in scouting, etc. Au-
gust 8, engaged the enemy at Canton and
Bockcastle Ford, Kentucky, and subse-
quently were in garrison at Clarksville,
until July 15, 1865, when the battery,
was moved to Springfield, Illinois, for

muster out, and accordingly July 29 was
mustered out of service. Fourteen men
of this battery were from McDonough
county, none of whom were killed, and
but one died.

SECOND CAVALRY.

COMPANY H.

Captains :
James D. Walker, Josephus B. Venard.

Lieutenant :

George W. Nay lor.

Quartermaster Sergeant :

Charles H. Rogers.

Sergeant :

Wm. Venable.

Corporals :

Gabriel Jones, Thomas Hays,

Oliver Williams, John Shipman,

, John Venard.

Buglers :
William H. Hudson, Frank R. Kyle.

Saddler :
James Ellis.

Privates :

Austin, James,
Brown, William,
Halliday, Thomas L.,
Davis, George,
Hanson, Nels,
Ingram, Riley,
Johnston, Henry,
Kinkade, Mack,
Freeland, Charles,
Huff, James E.,
Jewett, A. V.,
Keithley, Andrew,
Beck, James E.,
Bently, George R.,
Tift, Semer B.,

Bartleson, Charles,
Chase, James P.,
Calvin, Henry C.,
Hamilton, Thomas,
Hogan, Augustus,
Jacobs, Mark F.,
Kohule, John,
Limberge, Henry,
Edward, Edmonds,
Jackson, Edwin,
Kinkade, John H.,
Yaple, Oscar,
Beck, Jesse,
Butcher, Bowman R.,
Tift, Silas J.,

148

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Venard, George G.,
Wright, Hiram B.,
Chapman, Amos,
Lightfood, Armsted,
Morgan, James G.,
Munson, William F.,
McClure, James,
Markham, Daniel,
Norwood, Douglas,
Payton, John,
Rickets, Green,
Shannon, John,
Walker, Samuel P.,
Warren, Edward F.,
Curtis, Edward E.,
Cockerhain, Daniel,
Dunham, George,
Butcher, Preston,
Cockerhain, William,
Lee, George W.,
Michaels, William F.,
Pace, Andrew J.,
Rouse, Levi H.,
Markham, Archey,

Schultz

Wagle, William A.,
Webb, Silas H.,
Dickens, Joshua,
Scott, Thomas,
McMahon, Thad. C.,
Metts, John H.,
Martin, Charles E.,
Markham, Henry L.,
Oertel, Jacob,
Rickets, Rival,
Seiberling, Henry M.,
Tyson, Charles F.,
Welkin, Ohio,
Wright, Thomas,
Clugston, Warren,
Dark, Samuel A.,
Butcher, John M.,
Ballou, Charles,
Knowles, Robertson B.
Markham, Aaron,
Morgan, Isaac L.,
Rickets, Pleasant G.,
Sullivan, John,
Markham, Daniel,
, John H.

SECOND CAVALEY REGIMENT.

It is very difficult to write the history
of a regiment of cavalry, owing to the
usual detached state of each company
from the regimental headquarters. The
following official history of company
H, of this regiment, which was raised
in this county, will give some idea of its
services in the field.

The company was organized at Ma-
comb by J. D. Walker, and accepted by
the governor, July 24, 1861, and went
into quarters at Cainp Butler, Spring-
field, August 5, and mustered into the
United States service August 12, 1861.
It remained in the state until November
12, 1861, when it was ordered to Padu-
cah, Kentucky, where it was partly
armed and equipped. From here the

company made several important recon-
noisances into the interior of Kentucky.
They were ordered to Columbus, Ken-
tucky, March 11, 1862, being the first
union soldiers to enter that rebel strong-
hold; here they remained until March
23, 1862, when they were ordered to
Hickman, Kentucky. March 31, they
were part of the force that attacked and
captured Union City, then a rebel camp
of instruction. Returned to Hickman,
and remained until July 9, 1862, when
they were ordered to Union City, thence
to Crocket Station, and from there to
Trenton, Tennessee, arriving June 18.
Their duty while here was arduous, hav-
ing considerable scouting to do, the
country being alive with guerrillas. On
July 27 they scouted toward Browns-
ville, and for 17 days were continually
skirmishing with the guerrillas. Re-
turned to their camp at Trenton, and
was ordered to Jackson, Tennessee, Aug-
ust 25, and the 29th to Bolivar, Tennes-
see, where they arrived on the 30th, and
were immediately ordered into action, in
which the noblest officer of the regi-
ment, Lieutenant-Colonel Hogg was
killed. The casualties of the regiment
were heavy, but in company H were
light. While in camp at Bolivar they
scouted in Haywood county, destroying
Captain Haywood's guerrilla band by
capturing his camp, equipage, and forty
men. The regiment was ordered to La-
grange, Tennessee, November 5, 1862,
from which they made several reconnois-
ances, one in the direction of Lamar,
where they brought on an engagement
with the rebels, driving them away and
taking possession of the field with eighty
prisoner, company H meeting with slight

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

149

losses. On the 28tli of November they
took the advance of the army, moving
through Holly Springs to Abbeyville,
returned to Holly Springs December 2,
aud went into camp. The rebel general,
Van Dorn, made a raid upon Holly
Springs December 20, 1862. After two
hours hard fighting the rebels, with
overwhelming numbers, drove this regi-
ment from their place, it losing 160
killed, wounded and missing. January
1, 1863, ordered to Memphis, where they
had an opportunity to recuperate some.
On the 22d of February moved to Young's
Point, arriving the 23d, and March 14
ordered to Milliken's Bend, where they
remained until the movement on Vicks-
burg commenced, this regiment taking
the advance. March 31, moved on Rich-
mond, Louisiana, where they engaged
the rebels across the bayou, which,
after about one hour's fighting, they
captured. Left Richmond April 5,
moving down Round Away bayou, skir-
mishing with the rebel colonel, Hanson's,
command. April 14, camped at Smith's
plantation; moved from here crossing
Videl and Mill bayous in flat boats, and
encamped at St. Joseph, Louisiana, the
28th. Crossed the Mississippi at Bruins-
burg May 1, and arrived at Big Sandy the
5th. The duties of this regiment were
heavy, having to picket the front of
Osterhaus, and Hovey's divisions, and
watching the flanks at the battle of
Champion Hills. May 16, 1863, they
arrived at Big Black river, and the
next day made the first reconnoissance
in the rear of Yicksburg. They were
engaged in scouting in the Yazoo val-
ley until June 9, 1863, when they
were ordered to Big Black Bridge,

on the Vicksburg and Jackson road
remaining until July 5, when they
advanced on Jackson. They skirmished
heavily with the rebels four days, and
arrived at Jackson on the ninth, and
on the sixteenth were ordered to scout
to Brookhaven, seventy-five miles below
Jackson. Returned July 20, and were
ordered to Vicksburg, where they ar-
rived July 28, 1863. August 5, were
ordered down the Mississippi river to
Natchez, remaining until the fifteenth,
when they were ordered to Carrollton,
Louisiana, and September 5 to Mor-
ganza, Louisiana, where they skirmished
with the rebels fifteen days, and on the
29th the rebels brought on a general
engagement, compelling them to retreat.
October 9, 1863, they reported to Gen-
eral Lee at New Orleans, and on the
15th left for Brashear City, arriving on
the 17th, and at Franklin, the 18th, New
Iberia the 19th, at Vermilionville, Octo-
ber 20, 1863. On the twenty-first they
advanced on the Bayou Teche road, and
brought on an engagement with the
enemy, meeting slight losses. Novem-
ber 1, returned to Vermilionville, and
on the llth engaged the rebels at Car-
rion Crow Bayou Crossing, one killed
and three wounded. January 5, 1864,
ordered to New Orleans to recuperate,
they arriving on the 15th. The com-
pany was mustered out November 22,
1865. There were in this company,
from McDonough county, 91 men, four
of whom were killed, four died, and four
wounded.

SEVENTH CAVALRY.

COMPANY K.

Adams, Matthew, Gustasson, Alexander,

Janiieson, Lewis M., Nelson, Enoch,
Smith, Lewis M.

150

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

COMPANY L.

Captains:

George M. Scott, Squire A. Epperson,

Daniel M. Wilt.

First Lieutenant:

James Price, Warren W. Porter.

Second Lieutenants :

Squire A. Epperson, Daniel M. Wilt,
Elijah F. Martin. Lewis Picket,

Quartermaster Sergeant :
Alexander W. Scott.

Israel Markham,

Sergeants :

James W. Lancy,

John R. Sperling, Eliab Martin.

Corporals :
Lester Husted,

John T. Lancy,

Alexander Lockard,
Henry B. Parvin,

George Stansbury.
Privates :

Dewey, George I.,
Hammer, John,
Hopwood, Josephus,
Lair, Daniel,
Meyers, Christian,
Price, James,
Wilt, Daniel M.,
Wilson, James,
Atkinson, Charles,
Allison, Samuel,
Burnett, Daniel D.,
Campbell, John A.,
Husted, Marion,
Elliott, Jasper S.,
Johnson, Nathaniel L.,
Matthewson, Josiah C.,
McDermott, Patrick,
Markham, Hiram,
McGinnis, John,
McClure, Winslow,
Pyle, Benjamin F.,
Scott, Seymour R.,
Wissler, Jonas,
Wooley, Lewis B.,

Francis, Henry H.,
Harris, Alexander,
Lambert, David,
Long, Henry,
Myers, Frederick,
Schall, Samuel S.,
Wilson, James M.,
Adcock, Joseph,
Adcock, George L.,
Brown, William B.,
Boughner, Christian,
Epperson, John L.,
Eveland Charles B.,
Henry, Lorenzo D.,
Jones, Thomas G.,
Mitchell, Levi,
Markham, Frank,
Markham, Harrison,
Myers, James J.,
Park, William B.,
Schall, John L.,
Thompson, Henry,
Willis, William H.,
White, William J.

SEVENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.

This regiment was organized during
during the summer of 1861, with Wil-
liam Pitt Kellogg as colonel; Edward
Prince, lieutenant-colonel; Cyrus Hall,
major; Sidney Stockdale, adjutant. Com-
pany L of the regiment was organized
at Bushnell, by Captain George M.
Scott, in August, 1861, and mustered
into the United States service Septem-
ber 3, 1861. The regiment remained at
Camp Butler until December, 1861,
when it was moved to Cairo, thence to
Bird's Point, Missouri. It remained
here until March 5, 1862. Engaged in
the capture of New Madrid and Island
No. 10; also in capture of Corinth and
pursuit of the rebels. Guarded the
Memphis and Charleston railroad in
Alabama, until September 9, 1862. After
this the above company participated in
the following engagement: luka, Mis-
sissippi, September, 1862; Burnesville,
Mississippi, September 19, 1862; Cor_
inth, October 3 and 4; Hudson Lane,
November, 1862; Oxford, iDecember 1,
1862; Yancona creek, December 3; Wa-
ter Valley, December 4; Coffee ville, De-
cember 5; Covington, Tennessee, March
8, 1863; Union Church, Mississippi,
April, 1863; Plain Store, Louisiana,
May 25; Clinton, Louisiana, July 3;
Quin's Mills, Mississippi, August 1 ; Sa-
lem, Mississippi, September 9; Collier-
ville, Tennessee, September 11; Byhalia ?
Mississippi, September 12; Wyattsford,
Mississippi, September 13; Collierville,
Tennessee, October 10, 1863; Moscow,
October 12, 1863; Espanola, Tennessee,
December 24; Summerville, Tennessee,
December 26; West Point, Mississippi,
February 20,1864; Okalon a, Mississippi,

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

151

February 23 ; Pontiac, Mississippi, Feb-
ruary 24; Guntown, Mississippi,. June
10; Memphis, Tennessee, July 21; Shoal
creek, Tennessee, November; Lawrence-
burg, Tennessee, November 21; Camp-
bellville, Tennessee, November 24;
Franklin, Tennessee, November 10;
Nashville, December 15 and 16; Harpe
creek, Tennessee, December 17; Ruth-
erford creek, Tennessee, December 19;
Anthony Hill, Tennessee, December 25,
Besides a number o long, wearisome
marches, the company participated in
several important raids, among which
was Grierson's famous raid, made in
April, 1863, from LaGrange, Tennessee,
to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, traveling in
sixteen days a distance of eight hundred
miles. After which the company par-
ticipated in the siege and capture of
Port Hudson, Louisiana, in June and
July of 1863. A portion of the com-
pany re-enlisted as veterans, February
9, 1864, under Captain Daniel Wilt,
Lieutenants James Price and Lewis
Pickel.

There were 185 officers and privates
enlisted in this company many being
recruits 59 of this number were from
this county. The company, although
very active all during the war, did not
suffer as many did, there being but five
killed; sixteen died. The company was
mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee,
November 4, 1865. Mr. Clarke tells the
following anecdote:

"J. L. Epperson, a member of this
regiment, was not addicted to the use of
profane language, and condemned it in
others, but on one occasion the boys
claimed that they had a famous
joke on him. While in camp at a cer-

tain place he went down to a stream
to get a drink of fresh water, and as
he raised up from quenching his thirst,
he was fired upon by a couple of bush-
whackers, one of whom had a shot-gun
and the other a musket. Although they
were only about forty steps away, they
failed to touch him, when he quickly
drew his revolver, firing three shots at
them as they retreated, and in all
earnestness exclaiming: 'You playgonit
cowards, you!' His comrades laughed
at him for his conduct, telling him he
had disgraced the noble 7th, in fact,
the entire army, by his terrible swear-
ing; that the rebels would think them
an awful wicked set of fellows, to hear
such oaths coming from a Union sol-
dier,"

EIGHTH CAVALRY.

COMPANY G.

Danley, William L., Delaney, Dennis,

Edmonston, James C., Luton, Samuel,

Luther, James. Lear, John W.

O'Brian, James, Woolary, George.

ELEVENTH CAVALRY.

COMPANY I.

Captains :
Harvey T. Gregg, William R. Hays.

First Lieutenant:
Joseph Edell.

Second Lieutenants :
John H. Hays, Henry C. Fuller.

Sergeants :
John H. Hays, Martin V. Owen.

Corporals :

Theophilus Spicllman, Robert S. Brooking,
Adam S. Zimmerman. '

152 HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Privates :

COMPANY M.

Butterfield, C. W., Camp, Edward S ,

Captain :

Calkins, George W., Cox, R. S.,

John A. Gray.

Davidson, Henry C., Duncan, Elijah,

Eclell, Joseph, Friend, Thomas J.,

Freeland, Fleming F., Gates, George C.,
Graves, William C., Gove, Charles,

TWELFTH CAVALRY.

Hays, Levi S., Holler, Joseph,

COMPANY D.

Hume, Robert W., Keithley, Francis M.,

Kirkpatrick, Win. B., Lowe, Austin,

Sergeant :

McKiuney, Ephraim, Metcalf, William, E.,

Danford Taylor,

Mayhugh, McCullum, McQueen, Arlow,

Privates :

Pennington, Thomas, Pennington, Allen,
Schenck, Phillip, Spirva, F. M.,
Webster, Francis B., Weston, Benjamin F.,
Bushnell, Homer, Bughman, James K. P.
Bailey, William S., Butler, Ozias,

Arter, William, Blazer, David,
Doran, William, Loftis, Benjamin,
Whitsel, Henry, Bryle, Charles R.,
Murphy, C. R., Miller, Frank.

Butler, Harry R., Courson, Andrew,

COMPANY L.

Cunningham, Wm., Coe, Edward D.,

Davis, Reuben A., Durham, Wm. A.,

Alden, John H., Foster, James,

Duncan, Elias, Eclell, Louis,

Fonts, John C., Giles, Daniel F.,

Foster, Wm. H., Farris, Wm. C.,

Hinesman, John C., Hughson, Jacob D.,

Grove, Benjamin F., Grigsby, Redmond,

Lipsey, James B., Martin, Norton D.,

Hays, George W., Hainline, Nathan G.,

Morgan, George W., Montrose, Charles,

Jackson, Henry D., Jackson, John,

Nichols, George W., Robb, Francis C.,

Luthey, Francis A., Lillard, Augustus,

Sapp, Calvin A., Shultz, Josiah M.,

Mitchell, Marcellus, Moore, William W.,

Tanner, William, Tainter, David N.,

Milliugton, German, McQueen, Norman,

Thompson, John S., Wentzel, Abram.

Pennington, F. M., Pennington, S. M.,

COMPANY M.

Pennington, Wm. R., Pennington, John L.,
Snyder, Henry, Titus, John M.,
Wyman, J. Alex., Willard, Reiley,

Brassfield, James, David, John F.,
Mitchell, Theodore, Toland, James B.

Williams, Reuben, York, Francis.

COMPANY G.

SIXTEENTH CAVALRY.

Pixley, Enoch.

COMPANY L. .

COMPANY K.

Commissary Sergeant:

Botkins, Ira B., Harvermail, Mont. H.,

James C. Canfield.

Hefley, William, Johnson, Edwin W.,

Corporal :

Johnson, Sylvanus B., Little, Henry C.,

Morse, William H., Ratikin, Silas E.,

Joseph Markham.

Shultz, David A., Sweegle, Robert,

Privates :

Sweegle, John, Vandall, Charles W.

Able, Thomas, Beard, James,

COMPANY L

Fultz, Frederick, Beardsley, Bartemus,

Bellew, Henry H., Cochran, Mahlon B.,

Gleason, William H., Martin, George.

- Howard, Joseph T.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

155

TWELFTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

Cochran, Alexander, Godfrey, Samuel,
Jones, George -W., Stark, William,

Naylor, William B.

SIXTEENTH INFANTRY.

KOSTEB OF OFFICERS.

Lieutenant Colonels:
Samuel Wilson, James A. Chapman.

Quartermaster :
Thomas J. Coulter.

Hospital Steward :
Patrick H. Delaney.

Musician :
Enoch Welker.

COMPANY A.

Captains :

Virgil Y. Ralston, Benjamin F. Pinkley,

Eben White. Ambrose Updegraff.

First Lieutenants :

Benjamin F. Pinkley, Henry W. Gash,
John V. Mason.

Second Lieutenant :
Hiram H. Bartholomew.

First Sergeant:
Henry W. Gash.

Sergeants :

Clark C. Morse, John E. Lane,

Charles L. Sanders.

Corporals :

Joseph M. Gaston, Marsh B. Burr,

William H. Bonham, John V. Mason,
John C. Bell, William Morrison,

James L. Hainline. William F. Bayne.

Musicians:
Enocli Welker. Samuel P. Danley.

Privates :

Adams, Edward A. Allison, Joshua.

Brandon, Calvin K. Bell, James F.

Brooks, Harrison. Chapman, Thomas B.

Clarke, Benjamin F. Doran, William M.

Delaney, Patrick H. Ervin, James.
Fishbourne,Thomas M., Forrest, James M.,

Franklin, William J., Gordon, Harrison,

Graham, John M., Grooms, Nathaniel C.,

Gash, George B., Hainline, Baxter.,

Hainline, George L., Hainline, William H.,

Hampton, Van C., Hampton, Harrison H.,

Hart, Henry, Hayden, John,

Head, William H., Hendrickson, James F.,

Henderson, Edward F., Hicks, William,

Hook, Charles, Hurley, Edward,

Kelly, Edwin D., Kendrick, Nathaniel H.,

King, William F., Lea, Archibald T.,

Logan, William, Loucks, Wellington,

Lane, Cyrus, Mattison, D. W.,

Morrison, Robert, Montague, Charles,

McCartney, John M., Merrick, Charles W.,

McCurdy, Martin, Overstreet, William .H.,

Price, Miles, Prentice, William H.,

Rutherford, Robert A., Sackett, Charles,

Shannon, Aaron, Slocum, George,

Speake, Richard H., Spear, James T.,

Spencer, Benjamin F., Sperry, Orren,

Stainbrook, James H., Strenge, George,

Simmons, Fletcher C., Shrader, John B.,

Taylor, Thomas B., Taylor, Albert,

Thomas, Lloyd, Jr., Thomas, Abel,

Thompson, Ellis, Updegraff, Ambrose,

Walters, Charles, Wheeler, George,

Wood, Wesley W., William, Benjamin F.,

White, Eben, Crowl, John H.,

Campbell, John T., Clark, Richard J.,

Ellis, Alvin C., Fox, Hugh,

Hastings, George F., Hamilton, George A.,

Hainline, Nathan T., Kelly, William,

Kendrick, James W., Keho, Miles,

McDonough, John W., Phillips, Charles A.,

Ragon, William M.. Smith, Charles W.

Lane, William, Thomas, Winfleld S.

COMPANY B.

Captain :
David P. Wells.

156 HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

First Lieutenants:

First Lieutenants :

Wrn. L. Broaddus, George W. Ray,

Edwin Moore, James Donaldson,

Pelatiah Wilson.

Second Lieutenants:

Abrara Rowe, E. K. Westfall,

Second Lieutenant:

James A. Chapman, George W. McAllister,

Edwin Moore.

Benjamin Lowe, Gilbert W. Parvin,

First Sergeant :

Ebenezer Rhodes,

Elnathan K. Westfall.

Sergeants :

Sergeant :

Sylvester C. Gilbert, James Donaldson,

Henry Bailey, Wm. S. Hendricks,

Andrew J. Duncan, Pelatiah Wilson,

William H. Campbell.

Corporals :

James M. Johnson, John P. Humbert,

Henry W. McAllister, James A. Chapman,

Edward Wilson, Richard Betston,

Alexander D. Hail, William H. Walker,

Don. C. Salisbury, Richard Hobert,

James M. Eyre, William Powers.

William Wilson.

Wagoner :

Fifer:

Samuel Manholland.

William S. Johnson.

Privates :

Wagoner :

Allerd, Jeremiah, Bates, Edward,

Isaac Allshire.

Buchanan, Robert A., Brink, Thomas,

Privates :

Dillon, James I., Farrier, Charles I.,

Gill, John, Hogue, George P.,
Hammer, William B., Jellison, James,
Jones, Perry C., Kipling, Thomas,
Keener, Henry H., Lowe, Benjamin,
Layton, Henry C., Miller, William N.,
McGraw, Thomas F., McCampbell, James I.,
Pile, William S., Parr, James,
Parvin, Gilbert T., Rugh, Joseph,
Ritchey, Simon, Ray, George W.,
Slater, Isaac O., Smith, John W.,
Starr, Osc^r P., Smithers, Joseph,
Strickler, Robert P., Thompson, Julius G.,
Truitt, Lafayette, Tordy, James A.,
Walker, Wm. P., Wolf, John W.,

Barnett, James, Barnett, Edward,
Dalton, James. Fritz, Charles S.,
Hendricks, Benjamin, Johnson, Alexander M.,
Lane, Wilson, Leary, Patrick J.,
McGrew, George W., Newland, Frederick,
Smithwait, John, Thorp, James,
Taylor, John, Taylor, Richard,
Tones, Walker, Tuttle, Charles G.,
Turner, Henry, Watts, Hiram,
Young, Robert, Barrett, Samuel D.,
Brundage, Daniel, Bagbie, Thomas,
Hobart, Lewis, Lane, William B,,
Nutall, William, Scott, John,
Slater, Thomas, /

Wovely, John, Wetherhold, George,

COMPANY D.

Yocum, Sylvester, Campbell, Alex. B.,
Dillon, Andrew J., Green, Wm. C.,

Carter, Smith W., Webster, Eleazar.

Myrick, Myron N., Nebergall, A. J. C. S.,

COMPANY G.

Jones, I. N., Toland, Isaac.

Cannon, William, Currier, Elon,

/I^IXfTJ W /"<

Lester, Cyrus, Wyatt, Samuel,

C/UJVl.rAi I C.

Burson, Jesse A., Newell, Jacob,

Captains :

Pontious, David, Steel, William,

Abram Rowe, George W. Patrick,

Swartz, Benjamin.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

157

COMPANY I.

Freeland, Snyder, Runkle, Joseph.

COMPANY K.

Corey, Silas G., Cooper, John M.,

Johnson, Thomas J., Rigney, John H.,
Tipton, James, Conley, John,

VanSlake, Daniel, Maxwell, John C.,

Veal, John S.

THE SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY,

This celebrated regiment was organ-
ized at Quincy, Adams county, Illinois,
under what is called the "ten regiment
act," on the 24th of May, 1861, and was
mustered into the service of the United
States at that place, by Captain T. G-
Pitcher, of the regular service, on the
12th of June of the same year. The
first officers were: Colonel R. F. Smith;
Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Wilson, of
Colchester; Major Samuel M. Hays;
Adjutant Charles D. Kerr; Quartermas-
ter Thomas J. Coulter, of Macomb; and
Louis Watson, surgeon. Immediately
after its muster, it moved to Grand
River, Missouri, and was employed as a
guard along the line of the Hannibal
and St. Joseph railroad. One detach-
ment, under the command of Colonel
Smith, at Monroe Station, on the 10th
of July, sustained an attack of some
1,600 mounted confederates, and held
the position until the arrival of rein-
forcements, when the assailants de-
camped. On the 16th of the same
month, in a skirmish at Caldwell's Sta-
tion, the regiment lost two men killed
and two wounded. On the 20th of Aug-
ust, the regiment, once more united,
marched together with other" troops
under General Stephen Hurlburt, to
Honeyville, Missouri, in pursuit of the

column under General Green, and arrived
at that town on the 1st of September.
Here they remained until the 10th of
the same month, when they were ordered
to St. Joseph, but on arrival at that
place marched to Platte City, where, to-
gether with the 3d Iowa infantry, they
had a skirmish with the enemy, and on
the 13th returned to St. Joseph. While
here, Captain Geo. W. Patrick left com-
pany C, and returned, and was succeeded
by Abram Howe, of Macomb. The reg-
iment went into camp, and drilled until
January 27, 1862, when they moved to
Bird's Point, Missouri, in obedience to
orders, and on the 3d of March to New
Madrid, and assigned a place in the 2d
brigade,. 1st division of the army of the
Mississippi. On the evening of the
12th of March, the 16th and 10th Illi-
nois were detailed to erect some fortifi-
cations, and moving forward they threw
up a line of earthworks within half a
mile of the enemy's works, and in which
were mounted four pieces of heavy ord-
nance. In the conflict the next day, the
16th was mainly engaged in supporting
the batteries of siege guns.

On the 7th of April the brigade formed
of the 10th and 16th Illinois infantry
regiments, were taken across the Mis-
sissippi river and followed the rebel
forces retreating from New Madrid to
Tiptonville, Tennessee, where they cap-
tured five thousand prisoners, and large
quantities of artillery, small arms and
ammunition, and on the 9th of the same'
month, returned to New Madrid, flushed
with victory. On the 17th of April, they
were embarked at Osceola, Arkansas and
taken to Hamburg, Tennessee, from
whence they marched to Corinth, where

158

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

they participated in the siege of that
place. After the evacuation, they pur-
sued the retreating enemy as far as
Booneville, but on the 12th of June re-
turned and camped at Big. Springs.
Eight days later they moved to the Tus-
cumbia, Alabama, and on the 29th,
crossed the Tennessee at Florence, and
marched to Nashville. Here they ar-
rived after 17 days' continual marching
and guerilla fighting, losing one man
killed and five wounded.

They were now placed in garrison at
Edgefield, to guard the railroad bridge,
so necessary to keep open communica-
tion for supplies, and on the 5th of Nov-
ember they were attacked by General
Morgan, but they gallantly withstood
the assault and repulsed the rebels with
heavy loss, their own being one killed
and five wounded. Among the latter
was Captain Rowe.

General W. T. Sherman with a force
numbering a little less than one hun-
dred thousand men of all arms, with
two hundred and fifty-four guns, in the
spring of 1864, started on his ever mem-
orable campaign, to penetrate the heart
of the confederacy, draw off the atten-
tion of a large portion of the forces of
the South, so that they could not re-in-
force the hard pressed army of Virginia.
The country te be traversed was almost
chaotic in its upheaval. Rugged moun-
tains, deep, narrow ravines, thick prim-
itive woods, crossed by narrow, ill-
made roads, succeed each other for forty
miles; then intervenes a like distance
of comparatively open country, only to
be succeeded by another rugged, diffi-
cult region of mountains and passes
which reaches nearly to the Chattahoo-

hee river, across which, eight miles
distant, lay the important city of Atllanta.
The gallant band of heroes called the
16th Illinois infantry, lead now under
the command of Colonel Cahill, partici-
pated in all of the movements and en-
gagements that led up to the siege of
Atlanta, and honorably acquitted them-
selves at Snake Creek Gap, Besaca and
others.

General Sherman now invested At-
lanta, and settled down to take the place,
which was strongly fortified. On the
22d of June, General Hood fell, by a
long flank movement, upon our left and
rear, at or near Decatur, but the 16th
being in another part of the field took
no part in the conflict, except as acting
the pari of reserve.

Again at the fight at Jonesborough,
on the 7th of September, 1864, the 16th
was in line, and to quote the words of
Greeley in his history of the war:
"These soldiers stood as still as though
bullet proof."

The regiment was mustered out July
8, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky, and ar-
rived at Camp Butler, July 10, 1865,
where it was finally paid off and the men
discharged.

Mr. Clarke, in his history of the
county, has given some humorous inci-
dents connected with men in this regi-
ment, which we quote without apology :
"While this regiment was stationed at
Memphis, a couple of Irishmen found
time to pay court to a pretty Irish maiden
residing there. Jealousy existed in the
hearts of both, and each did his level
best to win the good graces of the fair
one, while at the same time he would
utterly demolish his rival. One even-

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

159

ing both happened to call upon the loved
one fit .the same time, and fell to demean-
ing each other in her presence. Becom-
ing tired of this they began bragging of
their ancestors, .One said his father was
a very wealthy man in the old country
and a lineal descendant of a noble lord.
The other responded, 'I can't say my
father is very wealthy and a descendant
of a lord, but I can say he came to this
country when a poor boy and became a
great builder and architect, planning
some of the finest buildings and works
of art in this country; in fact, he was
the principal architect of the natural
bridge in Virginia!' 'Take the girl,' said
the other, 'I have nothing more to say'. "

In the regiment was a German going
by the name of Solomon, an easy-going,
good-natured soul. One day he came
into camp from a foraging expedition,
and related an adventure of his as fol-
lows: "As I vas coming along te road,
somepody he behint me holered out,
'Get out of te road.' I taught it was
some tarn cavalry man, and I paid no
'tention to him. Butty soon he hollers
out again, 'Get out of te road you tarn
- of a - .' I tought ten it vas
somepody vot knowd me, ven he callt
me py name, and I looks around, and
dere vas John Bope (General Pope),
and I gets out of te road butty quicks."

"While in Missouri, General Pope,
for some cause, took a dislike to this
regiment, and charged them with being
a set of thieves, and said they would
steal everything they could lay their
hands on. Afterward, at Tiptonville,
this regiment, with the 10th Illinois,
captured 5,000 prisoners without the
rebels firing a gun, and when General

Pope heard of it, he enquired of Gen-
eral Payne how it was done. The ques-
tion was overheard by a member of the
regiment, who quickly responded, "Gen-
eral, I can tell you how it was done.
The 16th stole all their ammunition, and
they couldn't fire.'

"On a long march the men were apt to
break ranks, which being observed, the
order was given to "close up," which
order was carried all along the line. On
one occasion, a large number of "contra-
bands" were following the^ regiment,
when this order was given. An old col-
ored lady, thinking the order was meant
for her, raised her clothes a little above
her ankles, and turning to the officer
near her who gave the command, inno-
cently asked, "Is that high enough,
massa?"

" The following letter, which we give
precisely as received, without the change
of a single word, was received by Cap-
tain Howe, while the regiment was sta-
tioned at St. Joseph. It is needless to
say the captain, being a "gintleman that
he was," made the boys pay their just
debts, and immediately forward the
" sax dollars " to the lady. For this
kind deed we have no doubt the lady has
always held him in kind remembrance:

THA SITTY o QUANCY Nov. 1, 1861.
CAPTAIN KOWE. Ant yer company after bein
ashamed o' yerselves to let a pure widdy go wid
no pay 4 munths when u hev yer one pay long
sense ye rite wel no I did yer washin when yer
were in this sitty and ye hev never ben the men
to pay an not let the childers cryin fer bred drab
yer eis may ye have never be after bein hungry
childers yerselves, wid a mothers hart in ye at all,
now that ye ma niver forget it my name is Cath-
arine O'Sullivan an did the washin fur companie
C whin Captain Cahill wus the after bein the boss

160

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Captain and jeems Barnett was the Clark an he
sed he wud see "it pade wil ye no dear Captin
Howe tha do sa ye ar after bein dacent gintle-
man yerself an wuld uiver like ter see yer one
childers cri fur bred wunt ye be as a gude man
as ye are hilp me get the 6 dolirs that companie
C oes me fur washin when I walked a mile and
a half to git it and fatch it home twice almost
every weak when tha wur at Keinp wut Michael
Reedy noes I did the wurk so dus michael lynch
no it, I an wil tel ye the same if yer onor wil
but ask him an he wus married when he was at
Quancy an a dacent man he seamed But Jim
Barnet tuk the names fur me an he can tel best
that tha oe me sax dolirs fur washin an will tes-
tify on the cross if he still in companie c yet an
wil tel the trooth about it.

Catherine O'Sullivan To Captain Rowe Mich-
ael lynch or Reedy or Jeems Barnet who all no
the Captin noe that companie c oes me sax dol-
lars.

Wei ye plase try an get the muny fur the lady
as shea is very pure and neads it much an got
me to rite for her set it to Mr. Newton Fagg for
Catherine O'Sulliven sax dolrs.

SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

Privates :

Douglas, Royal,
Murry, William,
Still, K. D.,

Hendryx, William,
Sanford, Sylvester,
Demits, Ernest.

EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY F.

Corporal :
George P. Norton.

Musician :
Edward P. Vail.

Privates :
McClure, James P., Waggle, Jasper S.

COMPANY I.

Corporals :
William L. Brooks, James N. Tedron.

Privates :

Daniels, Daniel L.,
Ervin, James D.,
Hall, Edward,
Messick, David H.,
Tedron, M.,

Ellis, Isaac W.,
Hubbard, William"
Johnson, George M.,
Snyder, Alvin A.,
Woods, William H.

TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.

Lieutenant Colonel:
Louis H. Waters.

Quartermasters :

Hugh Ervin, Arthur G. Burr.

Richard Lawrence.

Surgeon.
John Keuiper.

Sergeant Major :
Charles E. Waters.

Hospital Stewards:
Robert R. C. Danley, Albert G. Sullivan.

COMPANY J>.

Captain :
Gladden L. Farwell.

First Lieutenant:
John B. Pearson.

Second Lieutenants:

Charles Conover, Andrew W. McGoughy,

Daniel K. Miller, Henry H. Henderson.

Sergeant :

Robert Pearson.

Corporals :

Ezra V. Sayer, Joseph T. Walker,

Joseph Gill, Solomon Foster,

Elijah Patrick.

Musician:

Robert R. C. Danley.
Privates :

Anderson, John E., Bloss, William,
Blackford, Isaac, Brant, Abraham,

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

161

Courtright, Van. H.,
Dawson, Richard,
Freeland, N. B.,
Faulkner, Thomas,
Gordon, John,
Hobart, Edwin L.,
Hillyer, Isaac C.,
Hoyt, Lucien,
Long, Albert,
Matheny, William H.,
Metts, Clinton,
McGee, Samuel R.,
Penrose, Henry W.,
Russell, J. T.,
Simmons, Rowen L.,
Shepherd, S. R.,
Spencer, Richard,
Teas, George H.,
Welch, Azro B.,
Wayland, E. Q. A.,
Welch, Sylvester B.,
Gordon, James A.,
Kearns, Marion,
Broaddus, Edward L.,
Jellison, Zimri,

Gorman, William,
Freeland, Francis,
Freeth, George W.,
Gill, Josiah,
Hardesty, Wm.
Hillyer, Lambert,
Hawk, Samuel,
Keller, William,
Laughlin, John W.,
Menzies, Walter,
Milligan, Albert,
Nichols, Seymour,
Pierce, Frank,
Smithers, Thomas J.,
Sharp, Samuel,
Penrose, John F.,
Smith, John,
Twitchell, William,
Welch, James M.,
Warren, Francis L.,
Carter, James L.,
Heath, E. A.,
Plotts, Joseph C.,
Gordon, Benjamin F.,
Keller, Joseph.

COMPANIES A AND B, DRAFTED.

Privates :

Patrick, John R., Brothers, Albert,

Seward, John A., Taylor, Henry L.,

COMPANY K.

First Sergeant;
Ellis S. Stokes :

Corporals :
Thomas W. Blackston, Joseph A. Thornburg.

Privates ;

Barker, James, Davis, James R.,

Edmunson, Wm. D., Nergeman, Henry,
Nichols, Alvinus W., Phillips, Martin,
Scott, Theodore H., White, Marcus,
Young, Ralph J.

THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTKY.

The gallant band of heroes well known
to fame as the 28th infantry was organ-
ized at Camp Butler, Springfield, in

-August 1861, with Amory K. Johnson,
of Petersburg, as colonel ; Louis H. Wa-
ters, of Macomb, lieutenant-colonel;
Charles J. Sellon, major; J. B. T. Mead,
adjutant; and Hugh Ervin, quarter-mas-
ter. On the 28th of August, the regi-
ment moved to Thebes, Illinois, and on
the 9th of September to Bird's Point,
Missouri, and first put foot on rebel soil.
On the 2d of October, they proceeded to
Fort Holt, Kentucky, where they re-
mained in the brigade of Colonel John
Cook, until January 31, 1862. While
under his command several marches were
made south and east from the fort, but
no engagement was had of any note. On
the date last above mentioned, the regi-
ment moved to Paducah, where upon
arrival they were assigned to the brigade
of Colonel M. Smith, in the brigade of
General Lew. Wallace. On the 5th of
February the brigade moved up the Ten-
nessee river, with the other troops under
General Grant, and took part in the cap-
ture of Forts Henry and Hinman, Feb-
ruary 13, a detachment of 48 men and
12 officers, under Colonel Johnson, met
the enemy (500 strong), at Little Bethel
church, five miles from Fort Henry, and
immediately attacked and routed them.

On March 6, having been assigned to
General Hurlbut's, (Fourth) division,
they moved to Pittsburg Landing, arriv-
ing the 17th.

Early on the morning of the 6th of
April the regiment was called into line
and marched half a mile to the front,
where it met the enemy driving General
Prentiss. It was assigned to a position
on the left of the line, in the Peach Or-
chard. The enemy immediately attack-
ed it, but were repulsed; and it held its

162

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

position from 8 o'clock A. M. until 3 p. M.,
only then retiring under orders from
Brigadier-General S. A. Hurlbut, com-
manding the old fighting 4th division.
On the morning of the 7th it held a posi-
tion on the right of the line, and was
hotly engaged until the battle closed and
the victory won. During those two long,
trying, bloody days the regiment behaved
nobly, and was never broken or driven
back by the enemy, though often
most heavily pressed. The regiment
here sustained a loss of 239 killed and
wounded. All the historians of this
fearfully contested field highly compli-
ment this noble band of heroes, who that
day distinguished themselves at a fear-
ful cost. When the news of their gal-
lant conduct reached this their home the
enthusiasm knew no bounds.

At the first meeting of the board of
supervisors held thereafter, Hon. James
M. Campbell introduced the following
resolution, which, on motion, was unani-
mously adopted:

Resolved, That James M. Wallin, Esq., the
chairman of this board, be requested to procure
and present to Captain G. L. Farwell, for his
company D, Twenty-eighth regiment, Illinois
volunteers, a national flag as a token of merit
for distinguished patriotism in the battle of
Shiloh, on the sixth and seventh of April last, on
behalf of McDonough county, Illinois.

It was engaged in the siege of Corinth
during the month of May, 1862.

Marched to Memphis, via Grand Junc-
tion, Lagrange, Holly Springs, Moscow,
Lafayette, Colliersville and Germantown,
reaching Memphis July 21, 1864
Marched September 6, reaching Bolivar
the 14th; marched October 4th, to Big
Muddy river; October 5, engaged in the
battle of Metamora, on Hatchie river,

.losing 97 killed, wounded and missing.
Returned to Bolivar October 7, and left
for Lagrange November 3. Marched
from Lagrange, November 29, to Holly
Spring; thence to Lumpkin's Mill, Wa-
terford, Abbeville and Oxford to Tocona
creek; December 21, to Tocona station;
thence to Tallahatchie river, Waterford,
Lumpkin's Mills, and December 30, was
assigned to duty of guarding the railroad
from Holly Springs to Waterford, Mis-
sissippi.

January 8, 1863, marched via Holly
Springs to Moscow and Lafayette; re-
turned and camped at Colliersville, where
it was assigned to guard railroad. Regi-
ment at this time being in the 3d
brigade, fourth division, sixteenth army
corps, was engaged in the siege of Vicks-
burg, from June 11 to July 4, 1863.

On the 12th of July, 1863, near .Jack-
son, Mississippi, the 28th, 41st and 53d
Illinois, and 3d Iowa infantry, not ex-
ceeding 800 men, were ordered to charge
across an open level corn field, some 600
yards, and carry a strong line of the
enemy's works, mounting 12 guns and
manned by at least 2,000 men. The
brigade swept gallantly forward under a
destructive fire of grape, canister and
minie bullets. The enemy appearing
upon both flanks as it reached the ditch j
it was compelled to fall back, with a loss
of more than half of the rank and file
killed or wounded. The eight companies
of this regiment in line, numbering 128
men, lost 73 killed and wounded, and 16
taken prisoners.

September 1, 1863, the 28th formed
part of an expedition from Natchez to
Harrisonburg, compelling the enemy to
evacuate Fort Beauregard. The regi-

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

163

merit remained at Natchez doing provost
guard duty in the city.

The regiment re-enlisted as veterans,
and on July 4, 1864, was mustered for
three years' veteran service, and May
18, proceeded to Illinois for veteran fur-
lough. May 29, every man who had
been furloughed reported at Camp But-
ler} Illinois, and the regiment moved for
Natchez.

October 10, the regiment was consoli-
dated into four companies, and on the
12th embarked for Morganzia, Louisiana.
November 3, embarked for mouth of
White river; arrived the 7th; left the
20th ; arrived at Memphis the 22d. Here
the regiment received 200 recruits, which
were organized into two companies; was
assigned to the v 1st brigade district of
West Tennessee, Major General C. C.
Washburne, commanding; December 21,
formed part of an expedition to Moscow;
arrived the 23d, and returned to Mem-
phis the 31st.

On January 3, 1865, embarked for
Kenerville, Louisiana, arriving the 6th,
and on the 12th, embarked for Mobile
Point, Louisiana, and encountering a
heavy gale on the voyage were compelled
to throw overboard 130 mules and horses
to save the vessel; arrived back at the
mouth of the Mississippi, February 14,
and proceeded to New Orleans. On the
14th, moved to Lake Ponchartrain, on
the 17th embarked for Fort Morgan,
Mobile Bay, camped at Navy Cove, and
arrived at Fish river March 25, and
Spanish Fort the 27th.

In the advance upon Spanish Fort the
regiment occupied the extreme right of
the division and corps, and held this
position during the entire siege of 14

days, losing 14 killed and wounded, in-
cluding two captains.

April 10, marched to Fort Blakely,
then returned and on the 12th, entered
the city of Mobile, and on the 13th,
marched to Whistler Station and skir-
mishing with the enemy. May 11, moved
within three miles of Mobile, Alabama.
June 3, 1865, reviewed by Chief Justice
Chase. July 2, embarked for Brazos
Santiago, Texas ; arrived July 6; 7th,
marched to Clarksville ; August 2, march-
ed for Brownsville, arrived the 3d. The
regiment was mustered out March 15,
1866. Number enlisting at organization
761, recruits 959. Total 1,620 ;284"
wounded, 241 killed and died. Of the
28th, 89 men were from this county, in
two companies, D, and K, of whom nine
were killed, nine died, and 15 wounded.
Their record was a glorious one.
THIRTIETH INFANTRY.

COMPANY B.

Privates :

Wagoner, Jacob. Wheeler, Benjamin F.

FIFTIETH INFANTRY.

COMPANY D.

Privates :
McManigle,William R. Willis, John J.

COMPANY F.

Private :
Clarke, Thacldus S.

COMPANY G.

Evans, William H., Ewalt, Nicholas,

McManirnie, W., McManimie, Marion A.,

Myers, Noah, Perkey, Daniel,

Atherton, Finley B. Strode, Jesse B.

FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.

Lieutenant Colonel:
Milton L. Haney.

164

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Major:
G. F. Hand.

Chaplain':
M. L. Handy.

COMPANY F.

First Lieutenants:
Joshua R. Benton, David N. Holmes.

Second Lieutenants :
Joseph W. Parks, John B. Johnson.

First Sergeant :
James M. Shreeves.

Sergeant :
George Sanford.

Corporals :

George H. Rogers, David M. Crambaugh,
Giles F. Hand.

Musician :
David J. Matheny.

Privates :
Brady, Archibald C.. Booth, William,

Benton, Joshua,
Games, William H.,
Growl, William A.,
Dewey, John C.
Dunlap, LeGrand,
Eads, John,
Fowraker, George W.,
Fugate, Robert M.,
Holmes, David N.,
Hensley, Samuel H.,
Hartsook, Joseph,
Hutchins, George W.,
Inman, Jesse N.,
Jameson, Robert S.,
Long, Samuel,
Lybarger, Milton C.,
Medaris~ Joseph B.,
Medaris, John C.,
Miller, Jacob C.,
Moore, Albertson,
Newkirk, George W.
Putnam, Joseph P.,
Patterson, Robert 8.,
Potinger, Samuel W.,
Rogers, Lewis B.,
Rickman, Moses B.,

Bane, George,
Carries, John,
Growl, George P.
Dewey, Edwin,
Davis, Lloyd P.
Ewing, Joseph B.,
Foster, Channing B.,
Fleharty, John N.,
Hartsook, Daniel,
Hendricks, James,
Hartman, Aaron V.,
Hoyt, Oliver J.,
Jones, Samuel,
Johnson, John A.
Long, George W.
Mead, Alfred,
Maxwell, William J.,
Miller, George S.,
McComb, Matthew,
McDonald, James,
Powers, John,
Putnam, John M.,
Pennington, Jacob A.,
Pennell, George W.
Reed, Amenzo,
Sanford, Jacob,

Sanford, Amos,
Snapp, William,
Swearingen, Bennett,
Sperling, Theodore,
Thompson, Thomas E.,
Wetsel, Daniel W..,
Winget, Louis,
Winters, Augustus,
King, Lyman B.,
Osborn, John,
Perdum, Dallas,

Sanford, Ebenezer,
Sperling, Lewis W..
Shannon, Alvin,
Tatman, Edmond,
Teithworth, Oliver P.,
Wetsel, Ahaz B.,
Wycoff, Daniel L.,
Wilson, J. O.,
Miller, John W.,
Pattison, W. S.,
Smith, Kellogg J.

COMPANY G.

Sergeants :
Thomas R. Scott, H. H. Weaver.

Corporals :

James B. Murphy, Wm. J. Eckley,
Stephen R. Bell.
Privates :

Ayres, M. L.,
Briggs, W. A.,
Cadwalader, M. A.,
Emery, J. R.,
Eckley, George W.,
Eckley, James A.,
Gray, James W.,
Hogue, James B.,
Hiner, Joseph C.,
Lovelace, J. W.,
Mills, David M.,
Myers, John H.,
Smith, W. N.,
Williams, Andrew,
Moorey, Harvey C.,

Ball, Harrison,
Baldwin, Wm. G.,
Coggswell, L. S.,
Ervin, E. P.,
Earley, Wm. L.,
Fitzsimmons, T.,
Gillespie, James W.,
Hogue, Wm. P.,
Jackson, George W.,
McKaig, R. B.,
McQueen, H. B.,
Oglesby, Joseph,
Sexton, John,
Drake, D. N.,
Hensley, Samuel F.,

COMPANY H.

Privates :

Dowmen John, Ford, William,

Kennedy, John, Merrick, John,

Randolph William.

COMPANY K.

Cox, Robert M.
FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTKY.

The 55th infantry, Illinois volunteers,
was organized at Camp Douglas, Chi-
cago, Illinois, and mustered in October
31, 1861. November 9th, left by rail for

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

165

Alton, and on the evening of the 18th,
left for St. Louis by steamer. Remained
at Camp Benton until January 12, 1862,
when it was ordered to Paducah, Ken-
tucky, where it arrived on the 22d, and
March 8th embarked on steamer for the
Tennessee river.

March 15th marched out with the ex-
pedition from a point some fourteen
miles above Pittsburg Landing, for
the surprise and overthrow of Corinth,
but high water defeated the movement.
It returned to Pittsburg Landing, and
went into camp east of Shiloh church.

The opening of the battle Sunday
morning found the regiment in position
with an effective force of 873 men. ' Col-
onel Stuart was wounded and nine of
the line officers, three of whom died, 102
enlisted men were killed and mortally
wounded, and 161 wounded and taken
prisoner. The regiment was with the
army in advance on Corinth, and at Rus-
sell's house, May 17; lost in skirmish
eight men, two killed and six wounded.

Entered Corinth May 30th, and from
there, with General Sherman, westward
along the Memphis and Charleston rail-
road. Marching to Lagrange, Lafayette,
Moscow, to Holly Springs, Mississippi;
with Sherman marched into Memphis,
July 31st, and remained in camp until
November 25thj when, with Sherman's
division, it marched for the Tallahatchie
river. Was marched back to Memphis
to descend the Mississippi river to Vicks-
burg with the new troops that arrived
at Memphis. Embarked with the expe-
dition, and six companies were engaged
in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, De-
cember 29th, losing one captain killed,
and one enlisted man killed and seven

wounded. This was an impotent and
fruitless attack on the most superb for-
tifications of the south. The sluggish
waters of the bayou covered the entire
rebel front, behind which rose the lofty
bluffs of the Yazoo. Here the labor of
thousands of slaves had been devoted to
the complete fortifications of the line
for months, until it was perfectly im-
pregnable to the simple assault, yet
General Sherman dared the awful hazard
of the battle, and hurled column after
column of infantry upon them in sim-
ple, useless slaughter. In obedience to
orders the men plunged into the bayou,
where both banks were covered by tan-
gled abatis, and where the bayou pre-
sents a quicksand bed 300 feet wide, con-
taining water fifteen feet wide and three
feet deep. The rebel rifle pits beyond
were filled with sharpshooters, whose
every bullet drew blood; his gunners
had the range of the ford, such as it
was, and poured grape and canister into
their dauntless but rapidly decimated
ranks. Toiling like heroes, they essayed
to stem the storm until an order was
received to fall back, It was raining all
the time, and stung by the consciousness
that they had fruitlessly thrown away
many valuable lives, they retired sul-
lenly from the contest. During the
rainy night which followed the battle,
our men stood or lay without fire in the
swamp bordering the execrated bayou,
but next morning they were embarked
and returned Milliken's Bend. On the
10th and llth of January, 1863, they
took part in the reduction of Arkansas
Post, or Fort Hindman, as it is some-
times called, where they, as usual, dis-
played their high courage and valor.

166

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

After the fall of this place they marched
to Young's Point, in front of Vicksburg,
which camp they reached 011 the 22d of
January. Here they lay, taking part in
the digging of the canal at that place,
which General Grant had caused to be
made, and which proved to be such a
lamentable failure.

The regiment participated in all the
the engagements that led to the fall of
Vicksburg, losing in all, from May 16 to
July 4, eight killed and thirty-nine
wounded. Encamped on Black river
near Vicksburg,until September 27,when
it embarked for Memphis, and moved
out with the army past Corinth to luka.
From luka it was with the reconnoiss-
ance to Tuscumbia. October 30, marched
from East Point to Chattanooga; arrived
November 21, and during the night of
the twenty-third, with the rest of the
brigade, manned a fleet of pontoon boats
in North Chickamauga creek, four miles
above Chattanooga, and in the midst of
rain and intense darkness, with muffled
oars, descended and crossed the Tennes-
see river, and captured the enemy's picket
line. November 25, marched with Sher-
man to the relief of Knoxville ; returned
and camped successively at Bridgeport,
Bellefonte, and Larkinsville during the
winter, and at Larkins' landing during
the spring, at which place the regiment
veteranized, and returned to Illinois on
a furlough of thirty days. June 27, 1864,
participated in the assault on Kenesaw
mountain, Georgia, losing fifteen killed
and thirty-three wounded. On July 22,
the regiment was again engaged, with
an effective force of two hundred and
thirty-nine men, and came out of the en-
gagement with one hundred ond eighty.

In the siege of Atlanta the regiment's
loss was seven killed and eighteen
wounded. In the battle of Jonesboro,
Georgia, August 31, 1864, lost twenty-
three men.

In a short campaign of about two
months, the whole regiment lost about
one-half its number.

The regiment joined in pursuit of
Hood through northern Alabama, and
returned to Atlanta, when one hundred
and sixty-two non-veterans were dis-
charged. It soon left for Savannah with
the 15th army corps. In what is called
the battle of Bentonville the 55th lost
eight men more. It marched with the
glorious army of Sherman's from here
to Richmond, and from that city to
Washington, where it participated in the
grand review, and then removed to Louis-
ville, where it remained in camp a few
weeks, and then by steamer went to
Little Rock,. Arkansas, where, August
14, 1865, it was mustered out of service,
and on the 19th left for Chicago, and
arrived on the 22d, and received final
payment and discharge.

During its term of service the regi-
ment marched 3,374 miles.

This county was represented by one
hundred and twenty-five men, in four
different companies of the 55th, of whom
three were killed, fourteen died and sev-
enteen wounded.

FIFTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY I.

First Lieutenant:
Martin Hoagland.

Second Lieutenants:
William S. Hendricks, John T. Parvin.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

167

Privates :

Anderson, Elijah E.,
Hanks, George.
Pelly, David,
Smith, Richard L.,
Downey. Jauies,

Brown, William P.,
McCord, William,
Rabbitt. Robert,
Smith, Henry,
Head, Richard R.,

Jacob, Benjamin F., McBride, Samuel S.

FIFTY-NINTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

Captains :
Barzillia M. Veatch, George R. Stire.

First Lieutenants :

Norman Curtis, John H. Loop.

Second Lieutenants :
Heslep Phillips, George R. Stire,

Samuel Purdam.

Orderly Sergeant:
Dennis L. Buford.

Sergeants :

Jefferson G. Eastwood, Joseph H. Bayles,
Joseph Holmes, Henry R. Turpin.

Corporals :

William H. McElroy, Samuel Purdam,
William A. Blume, George Iseminger,
Norman Curtis, Heslep Phillips,

John W. Leager.

Musicians:
Charles Veatch, Alison G. Weir.

Wagoner,
Samuel S. Bennett.

Privates :

Alsop, William B.,
Barnum, Henry,
Bell, George W.,
Grants, George,
Cumbal, Francis,
Chusy, John,
Dillon, James,
Doughton, Andrew,
Gastwood, George W.,
Emeil, William H.,
Gordon, Charles W.,
Gauf, Samuel T.,
Hoyt, Joel,

Asendorf, Henry,
Brinay, Chriest,
Beals, Jesse W.,
Chung, Jackson W.,
Cochran, James,
Chute, Abraham G.,
Dobbs, Henry,
Dorsey, William M.,
Eilenge, James M.,
Erens, William,
Green, Washington,
Gallagher, Thomas,
Herr, George W.,

Jacob, Samuel J.,
Jarvis, Gilbert,
Loflam, Eugene,
Loge, Nathan,
Loftis, William,
McGorani, Thomas,
Murphy, James,
McTiegh, Michael,
Norman, George E.,
Gelson William,
Purdam, Mesach,
Painter, James H.,
Shanklin, John,
Sullivan, Joshua H.,
Trolock, Thomas,
Tally, William,

Jarvis, William H^
Jamet, Charles,
Loup, John H.,
Lawyer, Thomas,
Mourning, John M.,
Melvin, Thomas J.,
Mullen, Michael,
Morris, Willard,
Nelfon, Benjamin,
Olive, Richard,
Phiver, Louis,
Spencer, Joseph,
Stilson, Nicodemus,
Sheets, James H.,
Torhouse, Henry,
Purdam, Francis M.,

FIFTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTEY.

Among one of the first companies or-
ganized in McDonough county was the
one raised in tke western part of the
county by Captain B. M. Veatch, who
was commissioned August 5, 1861. As
an independent company it was sent to
Cape Girardeau, Missouri, where it re-
mained until September 18, 1861, when,
upon the organization of the 9th Mis-
souri infantry it was assigned to that
regiment. This was entirely composed
of Illinois companies, and on the 12th of
February, 1862, by order of the war de-
partment its name was changed to that
of 59th Illinois infantry. Previous to
this, when known as the 9th Missouri, it
was ordered to Jefferson City, and early
in October, 1861, it moved to Boone-
ville, and was brigaded with the 37th
Illinois infantry, the 5th Iowa infantry,
1st Kansas infantry and Davidson's Illi-
nois battery. The brigade was under
the command of Colonel J. C. Kelton,
and the division to which it was at-
tached,by Brigadier-General John Pope,
The campaign of 1861 and early part of

168

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

1862, was passed in Missouri, on the 13th
of March of the latter year, participat-
ing in the siege of New Madrid. On the
20th day of May, 1862, the regiment
embarked for Hamburg Landing, Ten-
nessee, and from there moved toward
Farmington, on the 27th. After the
evacuation of Corinth, they pursued the
enemy. In June it marched into Mis-
sissippi, and in August to Florence,
Alabama. Thence to Franklin, Tennes-
see; from there to Murfreesboro, arriv-
ing September 1, 1863. On September
3, commenced the northward march with
General Buell's army, arriving at Louis-
ville on the 26th. October 7, met the
enemy at Chaplin Hill, near Perryville.
On the 8th they were heavily engaged,
losing 113 killed and wounded out of
361 men men going into action. Pursued
the enemy on the 10th. Arrived in Nash-
ville November 7, and camped at Edge-
field, near which they remained during
the year.

December 25, skirmished toward No-
lensville. On the 26th, the army of the
Cumberland was put in motion for the
Stone river campaign, and the 59th were
employed as skirmishers, and drove the
enemy nine miles. They took active
part in the attack on Nolensville. On
the 29th they marched toward Murfrees-
boro; here the enemy were found in
force and entrenched. An unsuccessful
attempt was made to drive him from his
position, and the regiment lay during
the night of the 30th within a few hun-
dred yards of the enemy's works. Early
on the morning of the 31st, the enemy
turned the right flank of the 20th corps.
The 59th changed front to rear, and sup-
porting the 5th Wisconsin battery, for a

long time held the enemy in check, and
when it was withdrawn, brought with it
the guns of the battery, from which the
horses had all been killed. It was then
put in position on the Murfreesboro
pike, which it held until January 2.

The regiment forded the river, swollen
by recent rains, and assisted in driving
back the enemy, and held their position
in the extreme front until the morning
of January 4, when it re-crossed Stone
river, and the enemy evacuated Mur-
freesboro. June 23, 1863, the Tullahoma
campaign was commenced, and the 59th
took a hand therein. August 30, it left
Stevenson, crossed the Tennessee river,
and ascended the Sand mountain. Then
marched to Lookout valley. Arrived at
Chattanooga September 22. Distance
marched from Stevenson, 122 miles. It
was active in the Lookout mountain
campaign.

On the 1st of December, they came to
the charnel house, and buried the dead
from the battle field of Chickamauga, of
September 19 and 20.

January 12, 1864, the regiment mus-
tered as a veteran organization, and ar-
rived at Springfield, Illinois,on furlough,
February 10, and on March 19 was reor-
ganized. It took part in the Atlanta
campaign. On July 12 the regiment
crossed the Chattahoochie, and pre-
sented itself before the fortifications
around Atlanta, and from that time until
the 25th of August, it assailed the works
of the enemy, and was under fire day
and night. On the 1st of November,
they marched toPulaski. On the 29th,
the brigade attacked the enemy in the
flank, as it was marching toward Spring
Hill. The fight continued all day, and

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

169

at night the 59th marched 20 miles, and
reached Spring Hill on the morning of
the 30th. Here, resting but one hour,
it marched to Franklin, and during the
afternoon the battle of Franklin was
fought. December 1, arrived in Nash-
ville, and on the 15th the battle of Nash-
ville commenced. The 59th was in the
first line of the assaulting column here,
and planted the first colors on the cap-
tured works. In the afternoon it assaulted
and carried the enemy's works near
Hillsboro pike. December 16, the mem-
orable assaults on Overton's Hills were
made; here the regiment lost in killed
and wounded one-third of its number.
July 9, arrived at New Orleans, marched
to San Antonio, and was stationed at
New Braunfels, Texas, until December
8, 1865, when it was mustered out. In
company C there were 79 men from this
county, 7 of whom were killed, 7 died,
and 7 were wounded.

SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

COMPANY I.

Corporal :

Abbott, Joshua,
David, John F.,
Reno, Alexander,
Peak, Patrick,

Jacob Pruat.

Privates :

Cordell, James,
Flack Alexander,
Black, Richard S.,
Peak, Wm.

Tatham, W. H.

COMPANY H.

Private :
Belleville, Jacob N.

TJNASSIGNED KECKUITS.

Dixon, John,
White, Charles W.,

Frank, Marion,
Williams, Moses J.

SIXTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY A

Abbott, Geo. W., Anderson, Joseph,

Blanchard, William, Cochran, Stephen D.,
Clayton, Francis M., Dinwiddie, Robert.
COMPANY F.

Brown, Charles,
Haskins, Benjamin,
Ralson, Jesse R.,
Craig, William H.,
Fair, William,
Frank, Marion F.,
Kirkpatrick, William,
Mourning, John W.,
Powell, James,
Roberts, Chauncy,
Wilson, Thomas M.
Williams, Henry W.,

Way,

Haynes, Jonathan,
Roberts, Adam,
Dickerson, Charles,
Dixon, John,
Dutton, William,
Johnson, John M.,
Lloyd, John V.,
Martin, Charles,
Roberts, Elmore,
Rowe, Louis P.,
Williams, Moses J.,
White, Charles W.,
Enoch.

THE SIXTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

The first battalion " Yates sharpshoot-
ers " was organized at Camp Butler, Ill-
inois, in the month of December, 1861,
by Lieutenant-Colonel D. B. Williams.
It consisted of four companies, to which
were added two others the last of the
month. January 10, 1862, the battalion
was ordered to Quincy, where it was
armed, after which it was ordered south.
Near New Madrid they had their first
engagement with the enemy on the
night of March 12. Was engaged at
Fort Pillow, Corinth, Kenesaw, Atlanta,
and a great many other battle-fields.
No more effective duty was done by any
regiment during the war, it being al-
ways in the front. Their loss, as far 'as
known, in killed and wounded, was two
hundred and eighty-nine men; of those
dying in service we have not the num-
ber. The regiment was continually on
the go, traveling with Sherman to the
sea, thence around through North Caro-

170

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

lina, and then on to Washington, where
they were in the grand review, May 24,
1865. They were discharged at Chicago,
July 18, 1865.

There were three companies repre-
sented ironi McDonough county in this
regiment A, D and F, and a total of
eighty-five men.

John Jacobs, a member of company
D,, was captured near Atlanta, and, with
other prisoners, was hurried south un-
der a strong guard, their captors follow-
ing the line of railroad. The prisoners
were made to occupy the railroad track
as far as possible, while the guard rang-
ed upon either side.

A short time before the capture the
government furnished our soldier boys
with shirts of unbleached cotton, which,
in the twilight, looked not a great deal
unlike the butternut of the rebels. This
fact was quickly discovered by young
Jacobs, who determined, if possible, to
take advantage of it.

On either side the guard was a num-
ber of rebel soldiers who had been
slightly wounded, and who were being
sent to the rear. As twilight began to
settle around them, Jacobs began to
limp slightly and fall slowly behind,
and soon was in the very midst of the
guard, who, from his clothing, judged
him to be one of their number going to
the rear. Occasionally he would limp di-
rectly in the way of one of them, who,
cursing him, would tell him to fall be-
hind. This was just what he wanted,
and what he continued to do until he
was the very last of the party proceed-
ing southward. As soon as he thought
his absence would be unnoticed, he turn-
ed and fled in the direction from which

he came. Not knowing the direct way
back, he was forced to continue along
the line of the railroad. He succeeded
in passing the infantry out-posts with-
out alarming them, but came near being
recaptured when he reached the cavalry
pickets. In passing through the woods
the underbrush beneath his feet would
break, and notice was thus given of his
presence. Although unseen, the com-
mand rang out to halt, and several shots
were fired in his direction, one ball graz-
ing one of his ears. No further sound
being heard, the pickets thought the
noise was made by a hog or other ani-
mal passing through the timber, and
made no further efforts to discover its
source, which was indeed well for him.
They then rode off and he proceeded on
his way.

When daylight came he dared not
proceed further for fear of capture, but
lay down in the tall weeds by the side of
the railroad track, and all day long the
rebels marched over the road and on
either side of him, many of them pass-
ing so near he could easily have reached
out and grappled with them. This he
was many times tempted to do, that he
might wrest from them a gun with
which he might defend himself if ne-
cessary, and also to get hold of their
canteens, for he was almost suffocating
with thirst. It was well for him that he
restrained himself, for if he had attempt-
ed to grapple with one he would surely
have been discovered and his recapture
made certain.

When night came on he made his way
to a house and boldly asked for some-
thing to eat, telling the people he was a
confederate spy. The family were very

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OP IU,!HQi c

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

173

glad to render him such service as they
could, and gave him a supper which he
certainly appreciated, not having had
anything to eat for about thirty-six
hours. While the meal was^ preparing
and while eating, he plied the family
with questions as to the location of the
Yankee army, the best road to reach it,
etc., obtaining all the information they
were able to give. He then asked for
the loan of a mule and a gun, stating
that when near the enemy's lines he
would turn the mule loose, and let him
return home at once, and the gun he
would return the first favorable oppor-
tunity. Yes, he could have the best
mule on the plantation, and an excellent
gun, which he need be in no hurry to
return if they could be of service to the
glorious cause. Thanking his kind host
for the favors shown, he rode forth to-
ward the lines of the Union army.

After riding all night he came to a
house, and hitching his mule in the front
yard, he went in and asked for break-
fast, first depositing his gun by the door,
that he might not necessarily alarm the
family, and where he could easily reach
it when necessary. To this family he
told the same story of being a confeder-
ate spy on his way to the enemy's camp,
and from the lady of the house he
learned the picket line of the Union
army was but a short distance from her
dwelling.

While partaking of the nice warm
breakfast which was prepared for him,
he heard the tramp of horses upon the
road, and rushed to the front window
and looked out, but could not tell to
which party they belong, but judging
they were rebels intent upon his recap-

ture, started out the back way and made
for the woods. He was quickly over-
taken and brought back to the house.
His kind landlady then witnessed against
him that he had confessed to her he was
a confederate spy, when they were about
to hang him at once, without the form of
trial. He told them not to be so fast,
that he was a Union soldier who had
been captured and made his escape from
the rebels. His story they refused to
believe, cursing him as a spy, and ar-
ranging to at once put an end to his ex-
istence. Finally better counsels pre-
vailed and he was at once taken (not
very gently) into the Union carnp and
before the general commanding, who
questioned him as to who he was and
where he was from. He replied, giving
his name, company and regiment. The
general then questioned him upon other
matters, receiving direct replies, when
he ordered him under double guard, that
inquiries might be made as to the truth
of his story, stating that he was either
the man he claimed to be or else a spy.
Inquiry being made, it was learned
that a captain of that regiment was then
in hospital. He was asked if there was
such a person as John Jacobs in com-
pany D of his regiment. He replied
there was, and stated he would be able
to identify him on sight. Jacobs was
then brought before him, and the recog-
nition was mutual, and he was at once
discharged. He then asked the party
bringing him into camp for his mule
and gun, which they refused to Surren-
der, when he at once complained to the
general, who ordered them delivered to
him. These he sold for $140; which
was so much clear gain. The whole

174

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

affair showed that Jacobs was without
fear, and a man of pluck and inventive
genius. As illustrating the strict disci-
pline of the regiment, the following in-
cident is given: An order was issued
by General Rosecrans, commander of
the division, that no one should be per-
mitted to pass the guards without the
countersign, save a general in full uni-
form. A gentleman, in a linen duster
and broad brimmed hat, drove along a
road on which a guard was stationed,
when he was commanded to halt. Rein-
ing up suddenly, he inquired why he
was thus stopped. "Give the counter-
sign," answered the guard. "Get out of
the way, d n you, I'm General Gordon
Granger." "I have no means of know-
ing whether you are General Gordon
Granger or not, and you cannot pass
here unless in full dress, or you give the
countersign." Using a string of adjec-
tives that would not appear well in
print, he again asked permission to pass ;
when the guard told him he was not in
a humor to be cursed, and that he must
either give the countersign or turn, or
he would at once arrest him and send
him to the guard house. Upon this the
party wheeled around, and soon appeared
dressed in full uniform, when the guard
gave the salute, and he was permitted to
pass. The circumstance was reported
to General Rosecrans, who reproved
General Granger, and told the guard he
did just right.

Few rebel battle flags were captured
during ftie war, and it was always con-
sidered a grand honor for any one to
take one. In the last grand charge upon
the enemy's works at Atlanta, Captain
George W. Reid, who at the time was

acting lieutenant-colonel of the regi-
ment, succeeded in securing one from a
Texas regiment, and sent it home, where
it remained in his house in Chalmers
township about one year, when it was
taken to Springfield by request of the
adjutant-general; and it can now be seen
in the "trophy room" of the state capi-
itol, duly labeled, and credit given to
Captain Reid.

SEVENTY SECOND INFANTRY.

COMPANY G.

Privates:

Cecil, Henry A., Ewing, William,
Jenkins, Joseph, Jenkins, Thomas,
Jarvis, John M., Jarvis, Gurrett J. D.

Morris, Harmon F., Myers, John,
McDauiel, George W., McDaniel, William,
Miller, Henry G., Peters, Peter.
Royce, John W., Spurlock, Lewis J.,
Smith, Markcay, McElvaiu, George,

COMPANY I.

Corporal:
John C. Murray.

Privates:

Bartlett, Hiram M., Braimau, Patrick,
Cole, Samuel D., Cooper, Cyrus,
Fordham, John, McElvain, George W.

Marose, Daniel R., Miller, John W M
Negley, John F., Sanders, Anthony,
Wilson, Curtis B., Negley, John F.,
Shreves, Henry S., Wilson, William,
Wilson, Amos.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

REGIMENTAL OFFICERS.

Colonel:
Carter Van Vleck.

Major:
William L. Broaddus.

Adjutant:
Charles V. Chandler.

Surgeon:
Thomas M. Jordan.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY. 175

Second Assistant Surgeou:

Lindsey, Thomas, Lawson, Joseph D.,

Durham M. Creel.

McGee, William F., Morgan, Clinton,

Chaplain:

Messacher, Silas, Mayhugh, John T.,

Robert F. Taylor.

Mayhugh, F. T., Marshall, Josephus,
Michaels, Jacob H., Martin, George,

Sergeant Major:

Mealey, Michael, Magie, James K.,

Harman Veatch.

Magie, Charles H., Mayhugh, Laban D.,

Musicians:

McFall, Sylvester, Midcap, Nathaniel,

Daniel M. Carroll, Reuben L. Maynard,

Meeks, Luther, Messacher, Wm. D.,
Monohan, John, Norris, Charles L.,

Wagon Master:

O'Neil, Andrew J., O'Cain, James,

Karr McClintock.

Rush, John W., Robert", Peter B.,

COMPANY A.

Riddell, Sylvester, Sherry, Marion,

Brundage, G. W., Brundage, James,
Fugate, Martin V., Fugate, Samuel H.,
Frisby, Abraham, Husted, Talmon,
Scott, Amos, Toland, Solomon,
Toland, William, Johnson, David,
Hendricks, H. F., Mullens, John W.,

Smith, William, Spielman, C. L.,
Stafford, Albert J., Sims, John,
Tyft, Cyril, Tipton, James,
Venuing, Henry, Warner, Wm. H.,
Worley, John L., Wilson, Andrew,
Wood^ide, John W., Wilson, Elias H.,
Worley, Wm. H. H., Welsh, James L.,

COMPANY C.

Wilhelms, Wm. A., Bayles, Joseph W.,

Captains:

Brown, Frederick P., Chaffln, Michael,

Charles R. Hume, George W. Blandin.

Kirk, John W., Pace, Ingram,
Tift, Semer, Terry, Richard L.,

First Lieutenants:

Warner, Jesse. James, Jos. E.

O. P. Courtwright, Andrew J. O'Neil,

COMPANY D.

Second Lieutenant:

Bates, William.

John E. James.

COMPANY F.

Privates:

Captain:

Bond, Marion D. M., Bently, Joseph H.,

Elisha Morse.

Boylan, Thomas C., Bridges, Thomas B.,

Carter, Isaac G., Chaffiu, Philip,

COMPANY I.

Cole, Eleazer, Curtis, Mark M.,

Captain:

Carnes, Henry, Clark, Edward,
Cline, Marshal C., Curtis, Joseph P:,

Grauville H. Reynolds.

Downeu, Thomas J., Davis, Thomas J.,

First Lieutenant:

Dowell, George W., Dixou, William,

Hardin Hovey.

Duncan, James M., Duncan, John,

Second Lieutenants:

Duffield, William H., Decker, Nathaniel,
Forrest, John, Frank, John,

Jas. H. McCaudless. Charles V. Chandler.

Freelaud, Wm. C., Green, John F.,

Privates :

Galbreath, John T., Gorham, John,

Arnold, Ira, Allen, Richard C.

Gibson, Samuel T., Harmon, Wm. W.,

Allhouse, Lebeus, Anstiue, Theodore P.

Harmon, John, Hamilton, Elisha,

Buchanan, James C., Brown, Daniel,

Hainline, John R., Huddleston, J. R.,

Bennett, Albert C., Beatty, Simon B.,

Hendricks, Lewis, James, John W.,

Bowman, Wm. H., Baymiller, Michael,

James, William E., James, John E.,

Brown, Christopher. Bear, John O.,

Jenks, Joel H., Kirkpatrick, F. A.,

Batchelor, John, Chapman, Douglas M.

Keithley, Perry, Keithley, J.H,,

Chase, James M., Clark, Jerome J.,

176

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Cowgill, John F.,
Carroll, James S.,
Carnahan, 8.,
Diseron, Daniel,
DeCamp, Goin S M
Doran, Hugh H.,
Garrison, Zach. M.,
Gill, Benjamin F.,
Hall, George P.,
Hamilton, P.,
Lane, Benjamin F.,
Monfort, L. M.,
McCandless, Wilson,
Myers, John V.,
McClellan, John,
May field, Joseph,
Pitman, Burress E.,
Pembroke, John F.,
Parker, Henry,
Rhea, Elias B.,
Reed, Henry G.,
Shannon, John F.,
Stewart, Francis M.,
Shannon, James P.,
Stewart, John F.,
Smith. Joseph A.,
Smith, William F.,
Tunis, Isaac,
Vincent, David A.,
Weaver, John,
Wilson, Lewis R.,
Broaddus, Thomas H.
Carroll, John R.,
Cupp, William C. f
Ellis, James C.,
Gibson, Samuel F.,
McClure, Hugh,
Sims, John,

Wilhelm

Carroll, Daniel M.,
Craig, Simeon,
Downen, Thomas J.,
David, George H.,
Dallam, Samuel W.,
Edmoudson, Thoinos,
Gibson, John,
Howe, John B.,
Hogue, George P.,
Hummer, John,
Laughlin, Robert F.,
McCandless, Moses A.
Maxwell, John C.,
McClellan, James C.,
McClellan, Wm. G.,
Pennington, Jos. L.,
Pitman, George,
Plotts, Thomas M.,
Painter, George,
Ricketts, Harvey,
Reed, William R.,
Scudder, Jesse B.,
Stewart, Thomas B.
Seward, John W..
Scudder, Martin V.,
Smith, James H.,
Tunis. Joseph,
Vail, Thomas J.,
Weaver, William,
Withrow, James E.,
Wilson, Rufus R.,
Bridges, Thomas B.,
Cupp, Jonas P.,
Decker, Nathaniel,
Faber, Jacob,
McCliutock, Karr,
Pace, Ingram A.,
Wilhelm A.,
Samuel P.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTKY.

This regiment, than whom a more gal-
lant or heroic one did not enter the ser-
vice of the union, was organized atQuincy,
Illinois, in -August, 1862, by Colonel
William H. Bennison. It was mustered
into the service of the general govern-
ment on the 1st of December, 1862, and

was, at once, ordered to report at Louis-
ville, Kentucky, and upon arrival there
it was assigned to the 2nd brigade,
4th division, army of the Ohio. It
was afterwards transferred to the 2d brig-
ade, 2d division, 14th army corps. While
at Louisville,, the regiment was tempo-
rarily detached from the brigade, and,
under the command of General Boyle,
did guard duty in various parts of Ken-
tucky. While engaged in this duty the
regiment received its "baptism of fire,"
having been engaged with the confeder-
ates under General Morgan, at New
Haven. In the latter part of Decem-
ber, 1862, General Bosecrans, who had
assumed the command of this army, com-
menced concentrating troops at Nash-
ville, and shortly afterwards fought the
battle of Murfreesboro, which for a time
drove the enemy out of Kentucky, and
the 78th was ordered to rejoin the main
army. In June, 1862, it took part in the
forward movement of the union forces
under Bosecrans, who with sixty thou-
sand men, threatened the communication
of General Bragg and compelled that
commander to evacuate Chattanooga, on
the 8th of September. General Bose-
crans under the impression that Bragg' s
forces in retreat were demoralized,
pushed on in his rear, but the confeder-
ate commander, who was an able one,
receiving heavy reinforcements, turned
and met his pursuer. This he did with
so much suddenness and ferocity, that
the union forces narrowly escaped being
cut up in detail, as they were scattered
along a line forty miles in length. Gen-
eral Bosecrans, who was on hand, rap-
idly concentrated his forces, and the two
armies met at Chickamauga creek. The

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

177

first day's engagement, although a hot
one, was indecisive and on the second
day, the 20th of September, 1863, the
day had hardly dawned ere the roar of
artillery, and the sharp rattle of musketry
awoke the. slumbering echoes of the
"River of Death," the Indian name of
the creek bearing that interpretation.
All the forenoon the battle raged with
unparalleled fury, but about noon the
federal line was broken for a few mo-
ments by the passing of troops to the
left, then hard pressed. General Long-
street, of the confederate army, seized
the opportunity and hurling the neces-
sary forces on the weakened center, soon
swept it and the right wing from the
field. The demoralized fugitives, in their
headlong flight carried off General Rose-
crans with them. All, now, depanded
upon General Thomas who had com-
mand of the left wing, which yet stood
steadfast. The gallant 78th, then in the
division commanded by General Sted-
man, was with this part of the army and
did noble service in helping save the
union forces from utter rout. All through
that long afternoon, the entire confed-
erate army surged around that band of
heroes,- a body of brave men commanded
by as brave a commander, who by the
firmness of their front, earned for Gen-
eral Thomas the proud sobriquet of
" rock of Chickamauga." The 78th lost
severely in this conflict, Major William
L. Broaddus. of Macomb, being among
the killed, at the first volley of the rebels.
Gallantly they stood at their post, and
their colonel having been asked how
long he could hold a certain point where
they had been stationed, and had been
holding against great odds, replied, "un-

til the regiment is mustered out of serv-
ice." When the shades of night had
gathered around both armies, General
Thomas, deliberately and sullenly, with-
drew his forces to Chattanooga, picking
up five hundred prisoners by the way.

Colonel Bennison, who although quite
a favorite among the men of the regi-
ment was not liked by the officers, and
the latter asking him to resign, he did so
and was succeeded by Lieutenant Colo-
nel Carter Yan Vleck, of McDonough
county.

The union army was now shut up in
the fortifications of Chattanooga, Bragg
occupying the surrounding hills and cut-
ting off all communications. General
Grant superceded General Rosecrans in
the command, and soon appeared among
the starving troops. Reinforcements
now poured in and communications were
once more established and active opera-
tions against the enemy commenced in
which the 78th bore its full part.

Early in the spring of 1864, General
Sherman moved with an army of one
hundred thousand men toward Atlanta.
Among them marched the 78th. For
one hundred miles there was constant
skirmishing, interspersed with bloody
battles. At Dalton, Resaca, Dallas, Lost
mountain, and Kenesaw mountain, the
enemy was met in great numbers, and
battles of great magnitude were fought.
At Kenesaw in particular, the 78th dis-
played unequalled valor in the attack on
the enemy's works. Finally, on the 10th
of July, 1864, General Joseph E. John-
ston retired to the entrenchments of
Atlanta, and Sherman invested the city.
In all the engagements that proceeded
the fall of that doomed city, the 78th bore

178

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

a full share, but sad losses befell it.
Colonel VanVleck, than whom there was
no better officer, was "mortally wounded
by a sharpshooter, and died on the 23d
of August, 1864, while many of the offic-
ers and men were killed or maimed by
the fatal bullet or bursting shell. Illi-
nois gloried in the f aine of her honored
sons, but wept for the dead heroes on the
stricken field. The following beautiful
lines were written by a lady upon hear-
ing of the sad losses sustained by this
favorite regiment in this campaign:

Cold are the sleepers
Wrapt in their shrouds-
Pale are the weepers
The battle has bowed;
Softly they slumber,
Our soldiers in death
While hearts without number
Cry, with hushed breath
O God, are they dead !

Pale are the sleepers.
Like marble they lie
Sad are the weepers,
Tear-stained their eyes;
Quiet they slumber,
Soldiers entombed,
While hearts without number,
All shrouded in gloom,
Cry O, are they gone !

Calm are the sleepers,
Taking their rest-
Sad are the weepers,
Joyless their breasts;
Softly they slumber,
Our soldiers to-day,
While hearts without number
Cry, only this way
Can our battles be won?

After the evacuation of Atlanta by
Hood and the subsequent occupation by
Sherman, the 78th, with the balance of
the army under that matchless com-
mander, Sherman, lay encamped for

about three weeks, and then entered upon
that celebrated "march to the sea,"- that
is so well known as to need no comment
in this connection, suffice it to say that in
that campaign, that commenced in At-
lanta pierced the confederacy, and ter-
minated by the "grand review," at Wash-
ington, the 78th was always on hand for
any emergency, and added fresh leaves
to their crown of laurels. During this
march the regiment was commanded by
Colonel Maris R. Vernon. The regi-
ment was mustered out of the service of
the government, June 7, 1865, and re-
turned to their homes.

In this regiment there were 214 men
from this county, and of that number 15
were killed, 28 wounded, and 23 died of
disease while in service, 20 were taken
prisoners, 6 of whom died at Anderson-
ville, and 3 at Libby.

EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

Colonel:
Lewis H. Waters.

Adjutant:
Charles E. Waters.

Quartermaster :
Louis A. Simmons.

Surgeon:
James B. Kyle.

COMPANY A.

Captains:
John P. Higgins. Willis Edson.

Second Lieutenants :
William F. Stearns. John S. Walker.

Sergeants:

John McCabe, Edwin B. Rail,

Thomas M. Whitehead.

Corporals:

Warren S. Odell, Joseph B. Wortman,
David J. Tuggle, Quincy A. Roberts,
William J. Lea, Thomas J. Starns,

William Jones.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

179

Piivates:

Allen, Coff'ner W., Archer, George C.,
Blair, Samuel, Brotherton, Silas E.,

Butler, Preston, Baker, John,

Clark, Jacob, Clarke, James S.,

Clark, Milton, Casto, George W.,

Casto, Thomas J., Cox, Nathan C.,
Covalt, Abraham B., Crane, John A.,
Case, Edward, Dunsworth, D. B.,

Driscoll, John, Deardorff, Joseph,

Davis, John W., Feuton, George,

Gadd, Frank, Green, William T.,

Holliday, Francis M., Kelly, James,
Lane, David H., Lutes, Granville M.,

Misener, Charles W., Maury, Thomas B.,
Morris, Richard L., Nolan, Michael,
Owen, Nathaniel, O'Bryan, Edward,
Parks, George, Parks, John,

Pelsor, John C., Patrick, Samuel,

Patrick, Charles, Remick, Augustus,
Reno, Joseph L., Robertson, James T.
Shoopman, Jacob, Spear, Samuel R.,
Shepherd, Thomas J., Slyter, Philo,
Slyter, Lorenzo, Smizer, John,

Tuggle, Crawford, Voorhees, George R.,
Voorhees, John, Walker, Daniel,

White, Thomas W., Wood, Richard A.,
Willis, Able H., Wilson, Zacharia,

Whiting, Charles H., Wells, Christopher C.
Dawson, Richard A. Clarke, Benjamin F.,
Chase, Chauncey, Mitchell. Wilford,
McCamenout J. P. Willis George W.

COMPANY B.
Corporals :
R. H. McClintock, David G. Harland.

Privates:

Andrews, Martin, Chappell, W.,
Hanuon, Patrick, Green, Wm. T.,
Leighty, John H., Miles, Augustus,
Mitchell, Coleman, Smiter, James P.,
Stambaugh, Jacob, Stambaugh, Samuel,
Toland, John T., Walker, Ebeuezer,
Walker, Samuel, Greer, John A.,

COMPANY c.

Captain:

William Ervin.

First Lieutenant:

Joseph G. Waters.

Second Lieutenants:
Wm. P. Pearson, Wm. F. Jones,

First Sergeant:
William T. Harris.

Sergeants:

John S. Provine, George T. Yocum,
John A. Eyre, Wm. Pointer.

Corporals:

Daniel Wooley, William J. Hensley,

Edward S. Piper, Alex. Blackburn,
Wm. L. Hampton, Nathan A. Miller.

Privates:

A dcock, Joseph T., A very, Daniel,
Broaddus, Thos. H., Brooks, Francis,
Brown, David, Bowlin, John S.,

Cord, William G., Chapman, Wm. A,,
Champ, Martin H., Dailey, James,
Dailey, Isaac W., Erwin, Jesse L.,
Foley, William H., Ferguson, J. V.,
Hill, James, Harris, John,

Hall, Henry, Herron, Wesley C.,

Harris, George W., Herndon, Allen A.,
Hammer, Josiah Y., Harlan, Marcus L ,
Johnson, James, Kemble, Thomas E.,
Kelsey, Cyrus, Lee, Cicero B.,

Markham, Albert, McQuestion, Alex.,
Martin, Thomas J., McDaniels, G. W.,
Maines, David, Maxwell, George,

Pennington, C. W., Provine, James H.,
Purdam, Abraham, Purdam, James,
Peunington, R. W,, Pennington, W. T.,
Rollins, John H., Ringer, William W.,
Sumpter, Henry, Simmons, Wm. W.,
Sweeney, John W., Stratton, John W.,
Stratton, Elijah, Smith, Samuel A.,

Smith, Edward, Swigart, Josiah,

Sweeney, William, Tandy, Jeptha M.,
Venable, John W., Vleet, David,
VanMeter, Henry, Witherell, Cyrus,
Willis, Abraham V., Winslow, Wm. H.,
Wiuslow, Charles F., Wilkinson, F.,
Wayland, Wm. H., Walker, Wm. C.,
Hunter, James H., Hankins, John.

COMPANY E.

Taylor, Benjamin F.

COMPANY F.

Second Lieutenants:
Samuel Frost, Joseph Price,

180

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Corporals:

Eli Elwell, James H. Kennie,

Rufus L. Cox.

Privates:

Benson, Vachel,
Graves, Allen,
Hammond, Benj ,
Kerr, Clayburu T.,
McCouuell, George,
McFadden, Satn'l N.,
Seaburn, George,
Shaffer, John,
Swearingen, George,
Turner, Thomas B.,
Walroth, Abram N.,

Enders, Christopher,
Herlocker, James M.,
Kerr, George N.,
Knock, Daniel,
Miller, Levi A.,
Nebergall, Reuben J.,
Sloan, John F.,
Swearingiu, Martin,
Thomas, John,
Wetsel, Christopher,
Gulp, William.

THE EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTEY.

One of the most gallant regiments of
a gallant state was the one known as the
84th infantry. It was organized at
Quincy, Illinois, in August, 1862, by
Colonel Lewis H. Waters, who had
served a few months as the lieutenant-
colonel of the 28th infantry, and who had
resigned to come home and raise a new
regiment. On the 1st of September,
1862, the regiment was mustered into
the service of the United States with
951 men, rank and file. It was on Sep-
tember 23, ordered to report at Louis-
ville, Kentucky, and on arrival at that
place was assigned to the 10th brigade
of the 4th division, and -on the 29th of
the same year marched with the balance
of the troops in pursuit of General Bragg.
After a long and weary march through
Bardstown, Danville, Perryville, Crab
Orchard, Wild Cat, Somerset, Columbia,
Gallatin and Silver Springs, the com-
mand reached Nashville, Tennessee. The
first battle of any importance in which
the regiment participated was that
known as Stone River, or the battle of
Murfreesboro, which occurred on the

31st of December 1862, and on the 2d
and 3d of January 1863. General Rose-
craiis had assumed the command of the
army lately under General Buell and
had concentrated his forces at Nashville.
From thence he inarched to meet Gen-
eral Braxton Bragg, the 'rebel com-
mander, who, with a heavy column was
moving north on a second grand expedi-
tion, and had already reached Murfrees-
boro. Both Generals had formed the
same plan for the approaching contest.
As the union left was crossing Stone
river to attack the rebel right, the strong
rebel left fell heavily on the weak union
right. At first the onset was irresistable.
But General Sheridan was there and his
generalship held the ground until Rose-
crans could recall the left, replant his
batteries and establish a new line of bat-
tle. Upon this new front the rebels
charged four times, but were driven back
with heavy losses. This was upon the
31st of December. On the 2d of Janu-
ary following General Bragg renewed
the contest, but being again unsuccess-
ful, retreated. This is claimed to have
been one of the bloodiest conflicts dur-
ing the war, and the gallant 84th play
the part of heroes, losing 228 men, killed
and wounded. This battle was the last
attempt of the rebels to wrest Kentucky
from our grasp, and placed General
Bragg upon the defensive. At Wood-
bury, on the 17th of January, while in
pursuit, the 84th had another brush with
the enemy, but no general engagement
took place until during the summer
months. General Rosecrans, feeling his
inferiority in cavalry, made no formal
movement until June, when with 60,000
men, among whom was the 84th, he

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

181

marched in search of General Bragg.
The latter lay at Chattanooga, and when
Eosecrans threatened his communica-
tions, he was too able a strategist to
allow himself to be cooped up in a forti-
fied place,- and evacuated the place.
Eosecrans, thinking that Bragg was in
full retreat pushed on rapidly in his
rear, but the rebel general, having re-
ceived some powerful re-inforcements,
turned on him so suddenly that he well
nigh caught him unprepared and scat-
tered over 40 miles of line. But the
union forces rapidly concentrated, and
the two armies met upon the Chicka-
mauga, the ''river of death," as the In-
dian name implies. On the 19th of Sep-
tember the armies engaged but the con-
test wasindecisive and on the 20th was
resumed. About noon the federal line
became broken from the movement of
troops to help the left wing, then hardly
pressed. Longstreet seized the oppor-
tunity and pushed a brigade into the
gap, and following it up, swept the union
right and center from the field. The
crowd of fugitives bore Eosecrans, him-
self away. In this crisis of the battle
all depended upon the left under General
Thomas, who alone stood between the
rebels and disaster and rout. All
through the long afternoon these veter-
ans stood whilst around them surged the
whole rebel force, but in vain, Illinois,
Iowa, Ohio and Minnesota's bravest men
stood there and bore the brunt of many
a hard pressed charge and earned for
General Thomas his name of "Eock of
Chickamauga." When night had come,
General Thomas deliberately withdrew
to Chattanooga. All through this bloody
day, the 84th fought nobly and when

rallied around their colors and the roll
called, 172 men failed to respond, being
either killed or wounded. They now
with the balance of the union army were
shut up in the entrenchments of that
place, while Bragg occupied the hills and
threatened the city. The garrison was
threatened with starvation.

Grant was now appointed to supercede
General Eosecrans,and hastened to Chat-
tanooga, but being afraid that Thomas,
who had command after Eosecrans left,
would surrender before re-inforcements
could reach him, telegraphed him to hold
fast. The old Eoman's reply was "I
will stay till I starve." On Grant's arri-
val things began to wear a different as-
pect. A corps from the army of the Po-
tomac, 23,000 strong under General Jo-
seph Hooker came, and General W. T.
Sherman hastened by forced marches
from luka, 200 miles away, and commu-
nications were again restored. On the
24th of November, the 84th was ordered
on duty and helped fight the ever mem-
orable battle of Lookout Mountain.
Hooker was ordered to charge the enemy
but to stop on the high ground, but the
men, carried away by the ardor of the
attack, swept on, over the crest, driving
the enemy before them. The next morn-
ing Hooker advanced on the south of
Missionary Eidge. Sherman had been
the whole time pounding away on the
northern flank, and Grant perceiving
that the rebel line in front of him was
being weakened to repel these attacks on
the flank, saw that the critical moment
had arrived and launched Thomas' corps
on its center.

"The signals for the attack had been
arranged," says B. F. Taylor, in his ac-

182

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

count of the battle, "six cannon shots
fired at intervals of two seconds. The
moment arrived. Strong and steady the
order rang out: Number one, fire! num-
ber two, fire! number three, fire! It
seemed to me like the tolling of the
clock of destiny. And when at number
six, fire!' the roar throbbed out with the
flash, you should have seen the dead line,
that had been lying behind the works all
day, come to resurrection in the twink-
ling of an eye, and leap like a blade from
its scabbard."

The orders were to take the rifle-pits
at the foot of Missionary Eidge, then
halt and re-form; but the men forgot
them all, and carrying the works at the
base, swept up the ascent. Grant caught
the grand inspiration, and ordered a
grand charge along the whole front. Up
they went, without firing a shot, over
rocks, trees, and stumps, surmounted the
crest, captured the guns and turned
them upon the enemy, now fully routed
and in disorderly retreat. Although the
84th held its accustomed place, in these
battles it was fortunate enough to lose
only nine men.

Early in the spring General Sherman
started upon the ever memorable Atlanta
campaign. He had with him about 100,-
000 men of all arms, among whom was
the 84th Illinois. General Joseph E.
Johnston, the rebel commander, barred
the way and the heroic regiment partici-
pated in the battle at Dalton, on the 13th
of May, 1864, Eesaca, May 14, Burnt
Hickory, May 26 to 31, and Dallas, June
1, 2 and 3. At the battle of Kenesaw
mountain and during the siege of Atlanta
it bore a prominent part. When Sher-
man drew out of Atlanta, Thomas' corps

was left to defend Nashville, and during
the sanguinary conflicts that occurred at
Franklin and Nashville, December 15,
and 16, the 84th bore off the usual palm
of victory. The total casualities, in the
different battles, in this regiment reached
the number of 558 men. On the 8th of
June, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee, the
84th was mustered out of service and re-
turned home. There were 205 men
from McDonough county in this favor-
ite regiment, in five different companies,
A, B, 0, D and F, and of these 11 were
killed; 39 died; 39 were wounded, and
one was captured and died in Anderson-
ville prison-pen.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY A. *

Campbell, Thomas, Moss, Samuel,
Peterman, David P.. Randolph, John H.

COMPANY F.

Sergeant:
James W. Filson,

Private:
Hollenbeck, Francis.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD IN-
FANTRY.

COMPANY F.

Corporal:
Andrew J. Justice.

Musicians:

William A. Smith, William E. Cooper,
Privates :

Buck, Joseph H., Buck, Joseph,
Baughman, Samuel, Holler, William,
Post, William.

COMPANY G.

Ames, Americus, Myers, Artemus,
Yocum, John W.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

183

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH
INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

Freeman, John P., Fortney, Henry M.,
Leal, Clark. Martin, Henry C.

COMPANY B.

Burham, James T., Haigh, John,

Ladd, Andrew L., McCants, Leander,

Mattelu, Conrad. Ramsey, Samuel,

Wells, Lewis T. Weider, Alonzo.

COMPANY E.

Corporals:
Jacob D. Bungar. Thomas, George W.

COMPANY I.

House, William A.

COMPANY K.

Hazel, Solomon, Martin, George W.,

Philip, Felix L. Toland, D. L.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEENTH
INFANTRY.

COMPANY H.

Captain:
Samuel McConnell.

First Lieutenants:
Henry C. Mullen, Jackson Wells.

Second Lieutenant:
Samuel D. Sawyer.

First Sergeant:
Nathan B. McGraw.

Sergeants:

Levi S. Mills, Joel C. Bond,

Robert T, Carter, Parvis H. Moore,

Privates:

Arthur, Daniel,
Amos, George W.,
Booth, James Jr,,
Booth, James C.,
Booth, John,
Clark, James,
Crownover, F. L.,
Covert, John,
Duncan, Benjamin,

Anderson, Wm. H.,
Bond, Benjamin,
Burchett, Henry B.,
Bechtel, David,
Carter, John E.,
Covert, Joseph B.,
Covert, David,
Cruser, DeWitt T. B.,
Duncan, James E.,

Dewey, William H.,
Frost, Richard T.,
Falck, Frederick,
Fleming, John,
Farley, George,
Hobart, John,
Hunt, Manning F.,
Kepple, James V.,
Lemmons, James H.,
McKennelley, W.L.,
McMein, Ammon P.,
Oglesby, William T.,
Pelley, John D.,
Plotts, Martin L.,
Pugh, Alexander,
Snook, Roswell H.,
Thomas, William,
Whittlesey, Wm. H.,
Maxwell, John A.,
Camp, Thomas J.,
Hyde. Charles,
Ralston, David R.,

Eby, Jeremiah W.,
Faust, Charles,
Fran ken burg, Benj.,
Faulkner, William,
Gilson, Alpheus M.,
Hall, James,
Loggard, Tolbert,
Kantz, George,
Long, Samuel C.,
VtcMaster, Wm. W.,
Noel, William T.,
Parviu, Isaac M.,
Plotts, John C.,
Purman, John H.,
Stearns, Abdallah M.,
Sutton, James A.,
Wilson, Lewis,
Fraukenburg, J. W.,
Morris, John,
Couch, William H.,
Ittle, John,
Wagner, John.

THE ONE HUNDBED AND NINETEENTH IN-
FANTKY.

This regiment was organized at Quin-
cy, in September, 1862, by Colonel
Thomas J. Kinney, and was mustered
into the United States service, on the
10th of October. On the 2d of Novem-
ber it was ordered to Columbus, Ken-
tucky, where it went into camp, but
afterward removed to Jackson, Ten-
nessee, and then to Humboldt. On the
30th of May, 1863, it proceeded to Mem-
phis, where it was assigned to the 4th
brigade, 5th division of the 16th corps.
In January, 1864, the regiment was
ordered to Vicksburg, where it took part
in what is known as the Meriden cam-
paign, under General Sherman. On the
10th of March, 1864, the regiment, with
portions of the 16th and 17th corps,
under the command of General A. J.
Smith, moved up the Eed river to the
assistance of General Banks. General

184

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Smith's force consisted of ten thousand
infantry and three batteries of artillery,
which left Vicksburg, March 9th, on
transports, accompanied by gunboats.
At the mouth of the Red river this fleet
was joined by Admiral D. D. Porter,
with a large fleet, including several iron-
clads. The fleet entered Red river by
the southern stream, and passed thence
into Achafalaya, proceeding as far as
Semmesport, where the troops disem-
barked on the night of the 13th and im-
mediately commenced a march on Fort
De Russey. No halt was ordered till the
army had marched some seven miles. It
was twenty-eight miles from there to
Fort De Russey. Nevertheless the
army marched that distance the next
day, constantly harrassed by rebel cav-
alry ; delayed once two hours at a stream
over which a bridge had to be made; at-
tacked the fort and carried it by storm
before sundown and before the gunboats
had arrived.

At Fort De Russey they re-embarked
and proceeded to Alexandria, where the
troops again disembarked and remained
nearly two weeks. At this point the
column under General Smith formed a
junction with the column which had
marched from New Orleans. The boats
could not be taken over the rapids while
laden, so the troops marched to Cotile
Landing, some twenty-five miles up the
river. On April 3d, the command again
embarked and reached Grand 'Ecore on
the next evening, where it remained till
the morning of the 7th, when it marched
to the front of the battle of Pleasant
Hill, where the brigade to which the
119th belonged, stood the brunt of the
fight, being the first in the battle, fight-

ing longer than any other, in the hardest
of the contest, the last to leave the field,
and losing three times as many officers
and men as any brigade engaged.

At Bayou la Moore and Yellow Bayou,
they also had a share in the engage-
ments that took place, and did their
duty by the old flag like the heroes they
were. Having finished this campaign,
the regiment returned to Vicksburg,
where they arrived on the 25th of May,
and after a rest at that place were trans-
ported to Memphis, Tennessee, June 24.

From the latter place they moved to
LaGrange, Mississippi, and on the 5th of
July commenced the march through that
state, returning to Memphis on the 27th
of the same month: On the morning
of September 5, they embarked and
were landed at Benton Barracks, Mis-
souri, and on the 18th of November
started on a long and wearisome march
after the rebel, General Price. They
marched some seven hundred miles and
returned on the 1st of December.
Hood, now in the rear of Sherman,
threatened Nashville, and General
Thomas, gathered all the men within
reach, for the defense of that city, to
him, and among them the 119th Ill-
inois. They arrived in time to take
a part in the battle on the 16th of
December, when the confederate for-
ces were driven out of their in-
trenchments in headlong flight. The
union cavalry thundered upon their
heels with remorseless energy, the in-
fantry following closely behind. Al-
most the entire rebel army was dissolved
into a rabble of demoralized fugitives,
who, at last, escaped across the Tennes-
see. The war in the west, so far as great

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

185

movements were concerned, was practi-
cally at an end, but the gallant regiment
whose name graces the head of this arti-
cle were not through with its days of
battle. On 'the 8th of February, 1865,
it embarked for New Orleans, and were
engaged in the assault at Spanish Fort
and Fort Blakely. It afterward went to
Mobile and Montgomery, Alabama. It
was mustered out August 26, 1865, and
arrived at Camp Butler, Illinois, Sept-
ember 4. Company H, of this regiment,
contained eighty-one men from this
county, and eight of them left their bones
in southern soil, a peace offering to the
God of war.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-
FOURTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY D.

Captains :

Stephen Brink, Abraham Newland.

Second Lieutenant:
Travis Mellor.

Sergeant:
John Bechtel.

Corporals:

John Baglan, James H. Kirk,

Joseph Jackson.

Musician:
William S. Wilson.

Privates:

Byerly, David,
Brodbent, Thomas,
Bainbridge, John,
Calbert, Simon,
Dungan, John,
Deener, Wm. F.,
Ennis, John W.,
Green, Wm. M.,
Hickman, William,
Hainline, A. J.,
McKenzie, William,
Mourning, F. M.,

Bechtel, A. G.,
Barrett, Abner,
Boyd, William H.,
Chapin, Robert,
Dewey, Victor M.,
Duncan, Joseph,
Gartside, Job,
Hume, Thomas,
Hall, George,
Milbourne, Wm.,
Moore, John J.,
Mumma, David,

Nelson, E. C.,
Spicer, Benj. F.,
York, John,
Burford, Wm. J.,
Hoi ton, John W.,
Huff, Francis M.,
Jenkins, David,
Mitchell, Robert,
Mammon, Henry J.
Richards, J. H.,
Shannon, Walter,
Shannon, Edward,
Swigert, Zachariah,
Smith, John,

Wear,

Smith, John T.,
Terrill, John,
Young, George M.,
Delay, William H.,
Hutchinson, A. H.,
Jarvis, Henry M.,
Lowell, John H.,
Moore, John,
Pyle, William, A.,
Richards, John T.,
Sullivan, M. O.,
Sheets, George R..
Twitchel, Almond D.,
Delay, Jacob,
James M.

COMPANY I.

Captains:
Thomas K. Roach, Benjamin A. Griffith.

First Lieutenant:

Elijah Barton.

Second Lieutenant:

James M. Griffith.

Sergeant :
James S. Shryak.

Corporals:

Thomas O. Bugg, Milo Hobart,
David T. Guy. William B. Greenup.

Musician :
Milton J. Stokes.

Privates :

Bowers, Thomas J.,
Bugg, Benjamin,
Campbell, W. M.,
Foley, Thomas,
Foster, William,
Griffith, Cary F.,
Harrison, Joseph D.,
Keunett, Jasper,
McDonald, Daniel.
Murphy, George C.,
Overton, Joseph B.,
Sypherd, Flavius J.,
Stodgill, Isaac N.,
Wooley, Moses F.,
Creasey, John,

Browning, John W.,
Bugg, S. A.,
Duncan, William H.,
Forrest, Henry T.,
Guy, Nathaniel M.,
Hainline, Joseph H.,
Hawkins, William B.,
McCanley, William,
Murfiu, William,
Morris, William C.,
Phillips, John C.,
Stokes, Wesley S.,
Teas, Joseph C.,
Yard, Job,
Fullerton, Hiram,

186

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Foley, James M.,
Gilbert, George G.,
Goodiug, Lyman,
Hainliue, David L.,
Lovell, John N.,
McGraw, Calvin.
Murphy, Luther,
Sweeney, William O.,
Burrows, William,
.Frost, Ephraim,
Heslop, George P.,
Leake, Fennel,
Morgan, John H.,
Silverston.WilliamF.

Gilbert, Barnard,
Gilbert, James R.,
Griffin, Joseph F.,
Hawkins, Ronert B.,
Lovell, Charles W.,
Morton, George,
Rymer, John H.,
Wariner, James,
Divine, Edwin,
Haunaford, Charles A,
Johnson, Amos B.,
Masteu, Joel H.,
Paulk, Alfred,
Williams, S. L.

ONE HUNDEED AND TWENTY FOUKTH IN-
FANTRY.

This regiment, which contained 116
men from McDonough county in com-
panies D and I, was organized at Camp
Butler, Springfield, Illinois, in Septem-
ber, 1862, by Colonel Thomas J. Sloan,
and after being mustered into the ser-
vice of the general government, on the
6th of October moved to Jackson, Ten-
nessee, where it was assigned to the 3d
brigade, 1st division of the 13th corps.
This body of troops moved to LaGrange,
Mississippi, on the 4th of November,
and on the 28th drove the enemy across
the Tallahatchie, and advanced to the
Yocona river, from thence to Memphis,
Tennessee. On the 13th of February,
1863, they moved down the Mississippi
river to Lake Providence, and March 17,
went into camp at Berry's Landing. On
the 18th of April, the regiment moved
to Milliken's Bend, and on 25th com-
menced with the other troops the cam-
paign that ended in the surrender of
Vicksburg. On the 30th of April, it
took part in the sanguinary and hotly
contested battle at Thompson's Hill, and
gained imperishable laurels. In the en-

gagements at Raymond, Jackson and
Champion Hills, May 12, 14 and 16, re-
spectively, during the entire seige of
Vicksburg, including the assault on
Fort Hill, they performed a heroic part.
After the surrender of that redoubtable
place, they rested until August 31, when
they entered upon the campaign to Mon-
roe, Louisiana, and thence to Browns-
ville, and was engaged in the two days
battle at the latter place, on the 16th and
17th of October. It went into camp at
Black river November 7, and on the 25th
engaged in a prize drill with five other
regiments, and carried off the palm. At
a subsequent contest for a prize banner,
the 124th received the flag, inscribed,
"Excelsior regiment, 3d division, 7th
corp^," from the hands of Major General
McPherson, for excelling in soldierly
appearance, discipline and drill. On
the 3d of February, 1864, the regiment
entered upon the- famous Meriden ex-
pedition and returned to Vicksburg,
March 4.

It was engaged at Benton on May
7 and 10, returned to Yicksburg on the
21st, and in July, moved with General
Slocum on his Jackson campaign, and
was engaged in the sharp fight at Jack-
son Cross roads the 5th and 7th. In
October it was in the campaign to White
river and Memphis. Remained at Yicks-
burg doing guard and provost duty until
February 25, 1865, when it removed to
New Orleans. March 12, it embarked
for Mobile, moved to Dauphin Island,
and up Fish river, and commenced the
siege of Spanish Fort. The regiment
was the extreme left of the investing
line, and, with one-half deployed as
skirmishers, drove the enemy within

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COD NT Y.

187

their fortifications. The regiment started
for Montgomery, April 13, and July 17,
1865, started home for muster out; ar-
rived at Chicago August 3, and mustered
out the 15th.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-
FIFTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY H.

Coon, Peter.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-
SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Lieutenant-Colonel :
Thomas K. Roach.

Surgeon :
William A. Huston.

Second Assistant Surgeon:
Robert G. Scroggs.

Acting Assistant Surgeon:

Benjamin I. Dunn.

Principal Musician :

James S. Carroll.

COMPANY c.

Captain :

Barzillia Veach.

First Sergeant:

Thaddeus Huston.

Sergeant :
James H. Drais.

Corporals :

John B. Russell, Fred. L. Lancy,
James R. Bailey, Peter Mclntosh.

Musician :
Charles Peurose.

Privates :

Brooking, E. S.,
Brown, Isaac N. P.,
Cord, Thaddeus C.,
Darnell, Homer L.,
Duncan, John,
Essex, William.

Barber, George W.,
Cemmis, Samuel,
Chapman, Frank M.,
Dorothy, Archibald,
Eakle, Milton,
Herron, Eli P.,

Hooker, Francis M., Kious, Jacob,

Lea, William, J.,
Miller, Edward M.,
Maylor, Albert,
Roach, Job a M.,
Thompson, James,

Martin, John,
Moore, Joseph,
Nichols, Henry P.,
Runkle, Darius,
UpdegrafF, A. W.,

COMPANY D.

Captain :
John B. Johnson.

First Lieutenant:
James Robb.

First Sergeant :
Charles Broadbent.

Sergeants :
Palmer E. Hughson, Peter C. Stire.

Corporals :

James Tannehill, Orion H. Bliss,
Henry C. King, John C. Dewey.

Privates :

Arbogast, Henry, Boyle, William,
Carrier, George D.,
Davis, Albert W.,
Funk, Joseph H.,
Kreider, Jacob,
Murray, Arthur,
Painter, John W.,

Raymond, Simon,
Sackett, Solomon,

Collar, Allen J. P.,
Drake, William, P.,
Hull, Henry,
McDonald, Isaac J.,
Owens, Alexander,
Plotts, William L.,
Robinson, Hamilton,
Sheley, Samuel,

Stantial, Christopher P.

COMPANY G.

First Lieutenant:
John M. Johnson.

Privates :

Adcock, George P., Ackerson, Joseph,
Buck, George W., Carrier, Alonzo E,,
Crabtree, B. F. Henry, William J.,

Jellison, Zimri, Jellison, John,

Johnson, Edward R., Mallam, Robert,
Orr, John, Patrick, Charles,

Scalf, William, Wolf, Jacob,

Wilstead, Thomas G., Whittier, Laforest,

COMPANY I.

Captain:
William H. Oglesby.

188

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

First Lieutenant:
Andrew R. Wilson.

Second Lieutenant:
James N. Porter.

First Sergeant:
Charles D. Hendrickson.

Sergeants:
James A. Kyle, James T. McDonald.

Corporals:

Edwin R. Dudley. Myron M. Myrick,
Jacob R. Dawson, Silas W. Adcock,
Samuel F. Sanders, Melton B. Chupman,

Privates :

Austin, George W., Arnold, Lewis C.,
Anderson, W. H., Adams, CharlesE.,
Barnes, Asa L., Barclay, James,

Bennie, James, Couch, William H.,

Carroll, James S.. Chambers. David,
Couch, James W., Chaddock, James,
Condon, Andrew L., Clark, Wilbur C.,
Davis, David A., Davidson, Samuel I.,

Duncan, Isaac, Folsom, Edgar A.,

Dinington, James R., Hogue, George P.,
Heusley, William J., Harris, Henry H.,
Hagemau, C. W., Jones, George T.,
Keirns, William, Little, John P.,
Lownes, Charles R., Le Master, James L.,
Laughlin, Edwin T., Martin, Jacob E.,
Miller, Robert H., Montague, Benjamin,
Mills, William D., McGinnis, John F.,
Overman, John W.. Pottenger, James H.,
Porter, Lester W., Pennell, William J.,
Pearson, Joseph A., Prindle, Chauncey R.,
Purkey, William, Pugh, John W.,
Ratekin, Wm. H., Rodecker, Wm. H.,
Shreves, Milton, Scrutchfleld J. A.,

Sherman, A., Smick, William A.,

Spencer, W 7 m. A., Steel, James,
Tolaud, Stephen, Walker, James H.,
West, Martin, Woolley, Lewis B.,

Wheeler, Isaac D., Wychoff, Daniel L.,
Wells, David L., Wilson, Nelson. M.,

Walker, Robert A.

ONE HUNDBED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH IN-
FANTRY.

During the summer of 1864, Gener-
als Grant and Sherman being actively

engaged with large armies against the
enemy, the governors of the northwestern
states proposed to the authorities of the
war department to send into the field a
considerable number of troops for a short
term of service, who might relieve others
on guard and garrison duty at the rear,
and thus be the means of adding largely
to the force of drilled and disciplined
men at the front. This proposition was,
after a time, accepted, and the term of
service was established at 100 days.
The governor of this state, accordingly
issued a proclamation calling for the
requisite number of these troops, in only
one regiment of which was McDonough
county largely represented. This was
the 137th Illinois infantry, which was
organized at Camp Wood, Quincy, Illi-
nois, by Colonel John Wood, and was
mustered into the service of the United
States on the 5th day of June, 1864, for
one hundred days. On the 9th of June }
the regiment left Quincy, and proceeded
to Memphis, Tennessee, where it was
assigned to the 4th brigade, district
of Memphis, Colonel E. L. Baltwick, of
the 39th Wisconsin infantry, command-
ing. On the 9th of July, it was re-
assigned to the third brigade, which was
placed under the command of Colonel
John Wood, of this regiment, and was
stationed on the Hernando road on picket
duty. Here, on the 21st of August, they
were attacked by General Forrest, the
partisan leader, and being on the extreme
outpost, they were the first to meet the
enemy, and suffered more than any reg-
iment there on duty.

There were in this regiment from Mc-
Donough county, one hundred and fifty-
three men, in four different companies.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

191

Company C., which was commanded by
Captain Barzilla Veatch, of Tennessee
township, had thirty-two men, rank and
file from the county; company D, Cap-
tain John B. Johnson, of Prairie city,
contained twenty-eight; company G, sev-
enteen; and company I, Captain William
H. Oglesby, of Bushnell, seventy-one.
Out of these, three were killed upon the
field of battle, four died in the service,
four were wounded, and twenty were
taken prisoners. Several died after com-
ing home, owing to the hardships en-
dured, and sickness engendered by the
hard life of a soldier, and exposure. The
regiment was mustered out of the United
States service, at Springfield, Illinois,
September, 4 1864.

Among the regimental officers of the
regiment were several prominent citi-
zens of this county, among whom were :
Thomas K. Boach, of Colchester; Sur-
geon William A. Huston, of Macomb;
second assistant surgeon, Bobert G.
Scroggs, Bushnell; and acting assistant
surgeon, Benjamin L Dunn, Macomb.
Surgeon Huston died at Memphis, June
25, 1864.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-
EfGHTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

Duncan, Dr. B. A.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY FIRST
INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

Captains:
George C. Steach. James L. Cochran.

First Lieutenant:
Harvey T. Gregg.

Quartermaster Sergeant:
Isaiah L. Bailey.

Commissary Sergeant:

Zimri M. Parvin.

Hospital Steward :

Wiley C. Laugford.

Sergeants:
William H. Parrish. Henry Arbogast.

Corporals :

John H. Dixon, -Thomas R. Ritenour,

John W. Painter, Abraham Arthurs,
Rollins Whittlesey, John H. Snook,
Charles E. Blackburn.

Musicians:
Wilber C. Clark. Richard Hillyer.

Privates:

Wagoner, J. 8. K., Adams, Albert J.,
Atkinson.William H.,Broaddus, John R.,
Brink, Stephen, Boyer, Silas M.,

Beaver, Francis M., Chapman, Henry,
Campbell, Murray L., Cottrell, William J.
Collier, Thomas, Carter, George W.,

Davidson. Ezikiel C., Davidson, Garrett,
Dean, Thomas W., Dace, John,
Gray, James A , Green well, Francis M.

Gadden, Cyrus J , Hiuesman, William,
Hickman, Bayard, Hudson, Wash. W.,
Isemau, David, Jellison, John,

Johnson, Joseph, Leighty, Henry,
Lester, Calvin, Langley, Baruett W.

Laughlin, Edwin F., Miller, Charles C.,
Moore, James W., Muckey, George W.,
Montgomery, John, Martin, John B.,
Mariner, George, Myer, Benjamin F.,
Markham, Byron, McElvain, George H.,
Marsh, Gilbert H., McLaren, John,
Nickerson.D. A., Nash, Andrew W.,
Pierson, Thomas, Pittsinburgen, Martin,
Steel, William, Sperling, Robert B.,

Seafler, Alliver P., Travis, James,
Tittsworth, John M., Tower?, Henry J.,
Thompson, John W., Thomson, Charles L.,
Weisbrod, George, Weiubrod, August,
Whittier, Laforrest, Weukler, Leopold,
Waid, John J., Wolf,' Dallas,

Barry, Robert, Cord, Thaddeus C.,

COMPANY H.

Corporal:
Richard N. Pearson.

192

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Privates:
Brown, Edwin F., Campbell, Samuel A.,

Carstens, A. W.,
Hobart, Lewis,
Kennedy, John,
McGuire, John,
McPhersou, G.,

Crawford, James,
Humberd, J. P.,
McDermitt, M.,
McCormick. Wm.,
Maxwell, William,

COMPANY I.

Corporal:

Buchanan, Ellis.

Privates:

Bacon, Daniel,
Cowdry, Spencer,
Dorset, Harrison,
Hudson, W.,
Hall, Avory,
Kelsey, John S.,
Nutt, John,
Pryor, Timothy,

Cochran, Asbury C.,
Cook, Robert,
Graham, Hugh,
Herricks, Almerlin,
H earns, H. H.,
Mower, Francis M..
Pickens, Wm. A.,
Roach, Elam A.,

Robertson, John W., Robertson, Barton,
Strucker, Joseph, Whitston, Abijah.

COMPANY K.

Allen, John,
Caldvvell. John,
Evans, Job J.,
Fariier, James,
Hall, George A.,
O'Brien, John,
Robertson, John,
Upton, Charles W.,
White,

Burrows, Joseph,
Cooper, Robert,
Farrell, Michael,
Htiusaker, James,
Lovitt, Thomas,
Pike, John,
Toner, John,
Wallace, B.,
Thomas.

ONE HUNDEED AND FIFTY-FIRST INFAN-

TBY.

This regiment was organized at
Quincy, Illinois, and mustered into the
United States service February 23, 1865,
for one year. From Quincy it proceed-
ed to Springfield, where it received its
arms and accoutrements, and was or-
dered to Nashville, and on March 7
marched to Murfreesboro, and then by
rail to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where
it remained drilling and engaged in
picket and guard duty and scouting.
On the 23d of April, Colonel Woodall

was detailed to proceed under a flag of
truce to Macon, Georgia, via Atlanta, to
communicate with Major-General Wil-
son, and carry the terms offered to the
rebel General Warford for his surren-
der, together with that of his command.
This" mission he executed with credit
and dispatch and was complimented by
his commanding officer, Brigadier-Gen-
eral H. M. Judah.

On the 2d of May, they were ordered
to proceed to Kingston, Georgia, via
Resaca and Calhoun, and arrived at that
town May 12th, after a most wearisome
march.

The regiment marched into town with
the precision of regulars, as they were
to receive the surrender of the rebel
General Warford and his command, on
the 13th, 14th and 15th of May, 1865,
they were employed in the surrender
and paroling of this body of rebels
10,400 in all, which kept them busy.

The regiment remained at Kingston
guarding government property, etc.
July 28, the regiment proceeded to Col-
umbus, Georgia, where, January 24,
1866, it was mustered out and ordered to
Springfield, Illinois, where it received
final payment and discharge, February
8, 1866.

Of this regiment 138 were McDon-
ough county men, of whom but four
died, being the only casualties ; as far as
known.

TENTH MISSOURI INFANTRY.

COMPANY B.

Captain :
William F. B-jyne.

First Lieutenant:
James E. Fleming.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

193

Sec nd Lieutenant:
Jerry Randolph.

Sergeants:

David S. Randolph, James McClellau,
Calvin R. Single, James F. Jones,
John H. Moore.

Corporals:

James F. Greenup, Russell T. Stokes,
James W. Harlan, John Matheny,
C. J. Lindsey, Crawford Cubbisou,

Isaac Halterman, John W. Clark.

Musicians:

C. Mqrris, flfer, J. W. Foley, drummer.

Privates:

Samuel Baldwin, George W. Btney,

Reece W. Barnes, Andrew J. Clark,

P. Cubbison, D iniel A. Camp,

W. H. Davis, Thorn is J. Ferguson,

Francis M. Fleming, John H. Fair,

Samuel H. Frisclive, EJwin A. Farley,

Albert Freas, R >bert F. Frances,

Hiram P. Howe, Anderson D. Hainline

Joseph Hensley, Wm. O. Hoskinsou,

John Horton, William R. Kirk,

John P. Lane, Win. P. Leaphart,

William T. Moore, Robert J. Mills,

David E. Marler, Richard A- Morris,

John Melviu, William N. McGraw,

Isaac D. Morgan, Robert S. Morgan,

D. H. McCartney, John W. Myers,
Thomas J. Martin, David C. Newell,
Harvey Oatman, William B. Rice,
Edward C. Rabbit, Louis Roberts,

G. A. Robinson, Hiram L. Sweeny,

John M. Sweeny, Wm. S. Stokes,

Wm. H. Stevens, George Sherwood,

G. W. Thompson, L. C. Twichel,

John E. Vance, I. N. VanHoesen,

John Wooley, Milton Woolridge,

W. H. Woods, Felix B. White,

William H. Young.

TENTH MISSOURI INFANTRY.
COMPANY B.

At the first call for 300,000 men, made
by President Lincoln in 1861, Dr. W. K
Bayne, of Macomb, made up a company,

and immediately wrote to Springfield
and tendered its service to Governor
Yates. The Governor informed him
that, as he had already accepted two
companies from McDonough county,
and that being their full quota, he must
decline any more. The Doctor, with his
men, not desiring to quietly submit and
remain at home in time of their coun-
try's peril, concluded to go to Missouri
and enlist, that state being unable to fill
her quota. They accordingly went to
St. Louis without delay, tendered their
service, and were accepted by Governor
Gamble, and were mustered into the
service of the United States at St. Louis
Arsenal, as company B. It was put on
detached duty until 1862, when it was
assigned to the 10th Missouri infantry
2d brigade, 3d division, army of
the Mississippi. The doctor received
the commission of captain, and for two
years led the company through many of
the hottest engagements of the rebellion.
Very soon after the captain had been '
commisioned he received a letter from
Governor Yates accepting the services
of his company, stating that when the
two companies referred to came to mus-
ter they had only men enough for one.
This letter was received too late to ef-
fect any change. Had it arrived a few
hours earlier Captain Bayne and his
company would have been in the 28th
Illinois volunteers. One of the most
efficient regiments engaged in the
suppression of the rebellion was the
10th Missouri infantry, and no com-
pany of that regiment did better service
or has a brighter record than company
B, of McDonough county.

Many of those enlisting in 1861 never

, . FCC

194

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

returned to their homes, still there are
a few of the brave boys scattered here
and there over the county, who, a number
years ago, were so resolutely determined
to defend their country. The following
are some of the more prominent engage-
ments in which company B took an act-
ive part: Corinth, in the spring of 1862;
luka, September, 1862; Corinth, Octo-
ber 3 and 4, 1862; Raymond, Miss.,
May 12, 1863; Jackson, May 14, 1863,
and Champion Hills, May 16. The
company was before Vicksburg during
the seige, from May 18 to July 4, 1863.
For accounts of these engagements the
reader is referred to the preceding
pages.

SECOND CALIFORNIA CAVALRY.
Faulkner, Henry J.,

FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

Depoy, James.

FIFTH CALIFORNIA INFANTRY.

Brevet Captain.
H. H. Stevens.

UNITED STATES VETERAN VOLUN-
TEERS.

COMPANY A.

McConnell, Wm. J.

COMPANY K.

Vandermint, Daniel, Begg, Matthew,
Smith. John O.

ENGINEER REGIMENT OF MISSOURI.

COMPANY C.

Butler, Cyrus F.

FIRST ENGINEER REGIMENT OF
THE WEST.

COMPANY B.

Folsom, DeWitt C.,
Davie, Sylvester,
Halterman, Oliver,
DeHass, A. J.,
Cooper, David,
Snyder, James,
Tally, Vincent,
Flantiegan, William,
Spunagle, William,
Spunagle, Jacob,
Patton, William G.,
Moore, Oliver,

Maloney,

Folsom, Isaac Y.,
Davie, Atwood,
Benedict, Benjamin,
Stolcup, David,
Hatfield, Joseph,
White, Joseph,
Clarey, John,
Burdell, Windell,
Spunagle, Daniel,
Hoover, Benjamin K.,
Moore, Peter, .
Lamb, Frank,
Richard A.

EOLL OF HONOR.

The following embraces a list of the
brave patriots from McDonough county,
who laid down their lives in defense of
the union. Words were feeble in the
expression of the gratitude to these gal-
lant but unfortunate comrades; weak in
the expression of honor with which their
names are held in fond remembrance by
those they died to benefit. May their
names be handed down from generation
to generation; may their children, and
children's children, speak of them and
recount their deeds with reverence, in-
spired by the remembrance and admira-
tion of their noble sacrifice. May their
sufferings, their death, and rude burial
upon the hot and dusty battlefields of
the south, and in the trenches of Ander-
sonville and Libby, all tend to strengthen
the land they died for, and make patri-
otism's watchword, " 'Tis sweet and hon-
orable to die for one's country.'"

The muffled drum's sad roll has beat,

The soldier's last tattoo;
No more on life's parade shall meet

The brave but fallen few.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

195

On fame's eternal camping ground

Their silent tents are spread,
And glory guards, with solemn round,

The bivouac of the dead.

No rumor of the foe's advance

Now sweeps upon the wind;
No troubled thoughts at midnight haunt,

Of loved one? left behind;
No vision of the morrow's strife,

The warrior's dream alarm;
Nor neighing horns nor screaming fife,

At dawn shall call to arms.

Their shivered swords are red with rust,

Their plumed heads are bowed;
Their haughty banners trailed in dust,

Is now their martial shroud;
And plenteous funeral tears have washed

The red stains from each brow,
And the proud form by battle gashed,

Are free from anguish now.

Now, 'neath their parent turf they rest,

Far from the gory field,
Borne to a Spartan mother's breast

On many a bloody shield;
The sunshine of their native sky

Smiles sadly on them here,
And hundred eyes and hearts watch by

The soldier's sepulchre.

Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead,

Dear as the blood ye gave!
No impious footsteps here shall tread

The herbage of your grave,
Nor shall your glory be forgot,

While fame her record keeps,
Or honor points the hallowed spot

Where valor proudly sleeps.

Yon faithful herald's blazoned stone

With mournful pride shall tell,
When many a vanquished age has flown,

The story how ye fell!
Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's flight,

Nor time's remorseless doom,
Shall mar one ray of glory's light

That gilds your deathless tomb.

Jacob Rutishamer died at Columbus, Ken-
tucky, April 4, 1862.

James E. Saddler died July 4, 1863.

Thomas L. Holliday was killed at the battle
of Shiloh, April 6, 1862.

Henry 0. Calvin was mortally wounded No-
vember 11, 1863.

George Davis died at Trenton, Tennessee,
August 16, 1862.

Jacob Oertel was killed at Holly Springs,
December 20, 1862.

Edward Curtis was killed at Sabine, Louisi-
ana, Api'il 8, 1864.

John H. Kinkade died at Carrollton, Louisi-
ana, August 22, 1863.

Aaron Markharn, a veteran, died at Baton
Rouge, Louisiana.

Enoch Nelson died at Louisville, Kentucky,
September 29, 1865.

Alexander L. Corporal was killed at Bird's
Point, Missouri, January 10, 1862.

Daniel Lair was killed at Bird's Point Janu-
ary 10, 1862.

Christian Myers was killed at Bird's Point.
Missouri, January 10, 1862.

Samuel S. Schall died of wounds at Oxford,
Mississippi, December 7, 1862.

William B. Park died at Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, July 14, 1863.

Benjamin F. Pyle died at LaGrauge, Ten-
nessee, February 15, 1863.

Henry Thompson died at Memphis, Tennes-
see, May 5, 1864.

George W. Calkins was drowned at Clear
creek while scouting.

George C. Gates was killed January 18, 1862,
at Bethel, Tennessee.

Ephraim McKinney died in the service at
Memphis.Tennessee.

Philip Schenck died at St. Louis, Missouri,
August 1, 1862.

John Jackson died at St. Louis, Missouri
June 18, 1862.

John M. Titus died at Vicksburg, July 26,
1864.

Daniel F. Giles died at Napoleonville, Louis-
iana.

Theodore Mitchell died August 2, 1864, at
at Napoleouville, Louisiana.

James Beard died at wounds at Vandalia.

196

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Commissary Sergeant James C. Can field

died at Richmond, Virginia, March 5,

1864, while a prisoner of war.
Thomas Able died iu Andersonville prison

July 1, 1864; number of grave, 2,415.
Henry H. Bellew died while a prisoner of

war t March 1, 1861, at Richmond, Vir-
ginia.
Captain Eben White died of wounds May 18,

1865.
George L. Haiuliue, a veteran, was killed at

Bentonville, March 20, 1865.
Harrison H. Hampton died while in the

service.

Henry Hart died June 2, 1862.
Edwin D. Kelly, a veteran, was killed at

Jonesboro, Georgia, September 7, 1864.
Cyrus Lane, a veteran, missing since the

battle of Bentonville.

Orren Sperry, a veteran, died May 31, 1864.
Charles Waters, a veteran, died of wounds,

April 24, 1865.
John II. Growl was killed at Bentonville,

March 20, 1865.
George F. Hastings died from wounds, April

21. 1865.

Captain David P. Wells died April 7, 1862.
Corporal James M. Eyre died September 19,

1862.
Corporal William Powers died October 15'

1862.

Sylvester Yocum died May 4, 1862.
William C. Green, a veteran, was killed at

Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1864.
Isaac Toland, a veteran, died April 12, 1865.
First Lieutenant James Donaldson was

killed July 17, 1864.

Benjamin Hendricks died March 1, 1862.
John Smithwait died January 7, 1862.
Jacob Newell died March 7, 1864.
William Murry died October 31, 1861.
James D. Ervin died at Little Rock, May 9,

1865.
David H. Messick died at Memphis April 10,

1865.
William H. Woods died at Camp Butler

March 24, 1865.
William P. Brown died at Colmar, Illinois.

Second Lieutenant Andrew W. McGoughy
was killed July 10, 1864.

Sergeant Robert Pearson was killed at Shiloh,
Tennessee, April 6, 1862.

Corporal Joseph Gill was killed at Shiloh,
Tennessee, April 6, 1862.

Thomas Faulkner was killed at Jackson,
Mississippi, July 12, 1862.

Josiah Gill died at Natchez, Mississippi,
September 1, 1863.

William H. Matheuy, a veteran, died at
Natchez, Mississippi, March 10, 1864.

Albert Milligan was killed at the battle of
Shiloh, April 6, 1862.

Seymore Nichols died of wounds received at
Hatchie October 15, 1863.

Henry W. Peurose ditd at Memphis, Ten-
nessee, August 5, 1862.

Solomon R. Shepherd was killed at Shiloh,
Tennessee, April 6. 1862.

George H. Teas was killed at Shiloh, Ten-
nessee, April 6, 1862.

William Twitchell has been missing since
the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee.

Corporal James H. Welch was killed at Shi-
loh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862.

Francis L. Warren died at Pittsburg Land-
ing, April 15, 1862.

James L. Carter died at Brownsville, Texas,
November 2-), 1865.

Joseph C. Plotts died at Fort Holt, Kentucky,
November 22, 1862.

James R. Davis died at Brownsville, Texas,
August 30, 1865.

Martin Phillips died November 6, 1865, at
Brownsville, Texas.

First Sergeant James M. Shreeves died at
Vicksburg, August 19, 1863.

Corporal David M. Craubaugh, a veteran,
died of wounds, April 14, 1865.

George Bane was killed while on picket duty,
July 14, 1863.

George W. Fowraker died at Walnut Hills,
Mississippi, June 28, 1863.

Robert M. Fugatedied at Memphis, Tennes-
see, January 14, 1864.

Oliver J. Hoyt was killed at Vicksburg, Mis-
sissippi, May 19, 1863.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

197

Jesse N. Inman, died at Memphis, Tennes-
see,- September 27, 1862.
Joseph B. Medaris died atBushnell, Illinois,

May 2, 18Q4.

Matthew McComb died at Bridgeport, Illi-
nois, December 25, 1865.
Joseph P. Putnam, a veteran, was mortally
wounded at Kenesaw mountain and left
on the field June 27, 1864.
William Snapp died at Camp Sherman,

Mississippi, August 29, 1863.
Sergeant H. H. Weaver died at St. Loujs

Aprils, 1863.
Corporal James B. Murphy was killed at

.Walnut Hills, June 25, 1863.
Corporal William J. Eckley, a veteran, died

of wounds August 15, 1864.
George W. Eckley died at Camp Sherman,

Mississippi, August 8, 1863.
John Sexton died at Camp Sherman, Mis-
sissippi, August 31, 1863.
George Hanks died at Corinth, Tennessee,

December 24, 1862.
Corporal Willia-n A. Blume was killed at

Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862.
Christ Brinay died of wounds July 29',

1864.

James Coch ran, a veteran, was killed at Nash-
ville, Tennessee, December 16, 1864.
Abraham G. Chute died at Springfield, Mis-
souri, November 6, 1861.
William H. Emeil was killed at Perryville,

Kentucky, October 8, 1862.
William H. Jarvis was killed at. Perryville,

Kentucky, October 8, 1862.
Nathan Loge died at luka, Mississippi, Aug-
ust 9, 1862.
Thomas Lawyer was killed at Perryville,

Kentucky, October 8, 1862.
William Loftis died at Mound City, Illinois,

August 6, 1863.

John M. Mourning died at Lebanon, Mis-
souri, February 10, 1863.
James Murphy died of wounds March 18,

1862.
George E. Norman was killed at Rocky Face

Ridge May 11, 1864.
John W. Seward died October 22, 1863.

Sergeant William Nelson died of wounds

December 1, 1863.
James H. Sheets was killed at Stone River

December 31, 1862.
Henry Torhouse, a veteran, died December

16, 1864.

George W. Ramsey died at Jackson, Tennes-
see, September 8, 1862.
Corporal Andrew Kellough was killed near

Corinth May 8, 1862.

William R. Jacobs died at Glendale, Missis-
sippi, October 1, 1863.
James Lyons died at his home in Bardolph

July 28, 1862.
Samuel B. Stokes died at Decatur, Alabama,

May 15, 1864.
Charles F. Winslow was killed near Atlanta,

Georgia, July 22, 1864,
Jonathan Haynes died at St. Louis, Missouri,

July 3, 1862.

William Fair died at Roauoke, Sonth Caro-
lina, March 31, 1865.

William Kirkpatrick died while in the ser-
vice.
Lieutenant Garrett J. D. Jarvis was killed at

Fort Blakeley, April 9, 1865.
Harmon F. Morris died at Paducah, October

9, 1862.
John Myers died at Yazoo Pass, March 16,

1863.
Peter Peters died at Selma, Alabama, July

26, 1865.
John W. Royce died at Columbus, Kentucky,

October 21, 1863.
Patrick Branuan was killed at Franklin,

Tennessee, November 30, 1864.
Colonel Carter Van Vleck died August 23,
1864, of wounds received at Atlanta,
Georgia.

Major William L. Broaddus was killed, Sep-
tember 20, 1863.
Martin V. Fugate waskilled at Chickamauga

September 20, 1863.
Samuel H. Fugate died at Resaca, Geoigia,

May 17, 1864, from wounds.
Lebeus Allhouse died at Richmond, Virginia,
February 14, 1864, while a prisoner of
war.

198

HISTORY OF McDOTOUGH COUNTY.

Solomon Toland was killed at Chickamauga,
September 20, 1863.

Richard W. Scott died of wounds Septem-
ber 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant John E. James was
killed in battle June 27, 1864.

Marshall C. Kline was killed at Atlanta,
Georgia, August 7, 1864.

George W. Dowell died at Nashville, Ten-
nessee, October 29, 1863.

John Forrest was killed at Jonesboro, Ga.,
September 1, 1864.

William W- Harmon died at Savannah, Feb-
ruary 21, 1865.

John W. James was killed at Jonesboro,
Georgia, September 1, 1864.

Thomas Lindsey died at Chattanooga June
25, 1864.

Jacob H. Michaels was killed at Kenesaw
Mountain June 27, 1864.

Sergeant Michael Mealey was killed at At-
lanta, Georgia, September 4, 1864.

Charles H. Magie died at Nashville, Tennes-
see, August 19, 1863.

John Monahan died at Chattanooga, April
3, 1864.

Charles L. Norris died November 6, 1864, at
Chattanooga.

John W. Bush was killed at Jonesboro,
Georgia, September 1, 1864.

Sylvester Riddell died at Nashville, Tennes-
see, December 30, 1853.

Cyril Tyft was killed at Jonesboro, Georgia.
September 1, 1864.

Richard L. Terry died of wounds, in the ser-
vice.

Richard C. Allen died at A.n,dersonville
prison, May 28, 1864.

Albert C. Bennett died at Boston, Kentucky,
November 12, 1862.

William H. Bowman died November 26,
1863, of wounds.

Christopher Brown died at Richmond, Vir-
ginia, January 23, 1864, while a prisoner
of war.

Simeon Craig died at Andersonville prison
September 22, 1864; number of grave,
9,307.

FirstSergeant Jerome J.Clark died of wounds
April 30, 1865.

George H. David died of wounds October 2,
1863.

Hugh H. Doran died in Andersonville prison
May 28, 1864.

Benjamin F. Lane was killed at Chickamauga
September 20, 1863.

Parmeuium Hamilton died of wounds Octo-
ber 15, 1863.

Moses A. M c Can d less was killed near
Griggsville, Tennessee, November 26,
1864.

Francis M Stewart died at Andersonville
prison August 20, 1864; number of grave
6,292.

Thomas J. Vail died at Nashville, Tennessee,
July 3, 1863.

William Weaver died of wounds September
6, 1864.

John R. Carroll died in Andersonville prison,
August 24, 1863.

Samuel F. Gibson died in Andersonville
prison, July 29, 1864.

Sergeant Thomas M. Whitehead died at Gal-
latin, Tennessee, December 11, 1862.

Corporal <iuincy A. Roberts was killed at
Rocky Face Ridge, May 9, 1863.

Corporal Thomas J. Stearns died at Nash-
ville, Tennessee, February 14, 1863.

Samuel Blair died at Louisville, Kentucky,
October 26, 1863.

Silas E. Brotherton died at Lookout Moun-
tain, Tennessee' August?, 1864.

John Baker died of wounds September 21,
1863.

Milton Clark died at Nashville, Tennessee,
December 25, 1862.

George W. Casto died at Chickamauga Sep-
tember 21, 1863.

John Driscoll died at Somerset, Kentucky,
November 27, 1862.

Frank Gadd died of wounds, January 20,
1865, at Nashville, Tennessee.

Francis M. Holliday was killed near Dallas,
Georgia, May 30, 1864.

Edward O'Bryan was killed at Rocky Face
Ridge May 9, 1864.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

199

George Parks died of wounds at Nashville,
Tennessee, February 13, 1863.

George R. Vorhees died April 13, 1862.

Abel H. Willis died at Andersouville prison
March 15, 1865.

James P. McCamenout died September 1,
1862.

George W. Willis died at Chattanooga, Oc-
tober 13, 1863.

Corporal Richard H. McClintock was killed
at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863.

Corporal David G. Harland died of wounds,
January 3, 1863.

Augustus Miles was killed at Chickamauga,
September 19, 1863.

Coleman Mitchell died of wounds, April 3,
1863.

Samuel Walker died of wounds, October 24,
1863.

John A, Greer died June 9, 1865.

Sergeant George T. Yocum was killed at
Stone river, December 31, 1862.

Sergeant John A. Eyre died at Macomb, Jan
uary 16, 1864.

Corporal William J. Hensley died at Bowling
Green, Kentucky, December 29, 1862.

Corporal Edward S. Piper died at Manches-
ter, July 18, 1863.

Corporal Nathan A. Miller died at Murfrees-
boro, Tennessee, May 22, 1864.

Joseph T. Adcock died at Murfreesboro, Ten-
nessee, January 6, 1863.

Francis Brooks died at Louisville, Kentucky,
November 23, 1862.

David Brown died at Danville, Kentucky,
December 10, 1862.

Jackson V. Ferguson died at Benton Bar-
racks, Missouri, February 10, 1863.

Allen A. Herndou died at Nashville Febru-
ary 20, 1862.

Alexander McQuestion died at Nashville,
February 7, 1863.

Abraham Purdam died of wounds at Nash-
ville, February 15, 1863.

Richard W. Peimingtoii was killed at Stone
river, December 31, 1862.

John H. Rollins died at Nashville, Tennes-
see, January 2, 1863.

Josiah Swigart died in McDonough county,
Illinois, June 9, 1864.

William H. Simmons died at Bowling Green,
Kentucky, November 23, 1862.

Edward Smith died of wounds -September
22, 1863.

Henry Vanmeter died at Dallas, Georgia,
June 1, 1864.

Abraham W. Willis died at Louisville,
Kentucky, December 6, 1862.

William H. Winslow died at Nashville,
Tennessee, December 31, 1862.

Corporal Eli Elwell was killed at Stone river
December 31, 1862.

Corporal James H. Kennie died of wounds
at Chattanooga, October 20, 1863.

Vachel Benson was killed at Stone river, De-
cember 31, 1862.

Christopher Enders was killed at Stone
river, January 23, 1863.

Allen Graves died at Murfreesboro, Tennes-
see, January 23, 1863.

George W. Kerr died atQuincy, Illinois, Feb-
ruary 11, 1864.

Sergeant Thomas Campbell died .at Cowan
station, Tennessee, July 27, 1863.

David P. Petermau died of wounds at At-
lanta, Georgia, July 23, 1864.

Artemus Myers was killed at Kenesaw moun-
tain, June 27, 1864.

Henry C. Martin died on steamer Di. Veruon,
January 18, 1863.

James T. Burham died August 20, 1865.

Sergeant Robert T. Carter died at Vicksburg,
Mississippi, August 13, 1864.

John Covert died at Jefferson Barracks, Mis-
souri, August 24, 1864.

Benjamin Duncan died at Memphis, Tennes-
see, August 5, 1864.

Frederick Falch died at Mound City, Illi-
nois, December 30, 1862.

Benjamin Frankenburg died of wounds at
Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, December
13, 1864.

Alpheus M. Gibson died at Quincy, Illinois,
December 14, 1864.

Wilson L. McKennelly dfed at Memphis
July 20, 1864.

200

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

William H. Couch, of wounds, March 30,
1863.

John Ittle died in the insane asylum at
Washington, D. C., October 1, 1863.

Sergeant John Bechtel died at Lake Provi-
dence, Louisiana, March 21, 1863.

Thomas Brcdbent died of wounds May 16,
1863.

Abner Barrett died at Keokuk, Iowa, Octo-
ber 24. 1863.

John Bainbridge died at Memphis, Tennes-
see, January 28, 1863.

William H. Boyd died at Jackson, Tennes-
see, November 15, 1862.

Simon Calbert died at Memphis, Tennessee,
July 24, 1863.

Job Gartside died at St. Louis, Missouri, No-
vember 1, 1864.

George Hall died at Jackson, Tennessee, Oc-
tober 30, 1862.

Benjamin Bugg died at Memphis, Tennessee,
February 17, 1863.

Henry T. Forrest was killed at Champion
Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863.

Nathaniel M. Guy died at Vicksburg, Mis-
sissippi, July 8, 1863.

Jasper Kennett died at Memphis, Tennessee,
February 11, 1863.

William C. Morris died at Oxford, Missis-
sippi, December 16, 1862.

Flavius J. Sypherd died at home, December

27, 1864.

Isaac N. Stodgill died after having been dis"
charged on account of disability.

George P. Hezlip died of wounds, July 13,
1863.

Amos B. Johnson died at Quincy, Illinois,
April 27, 1865.

Surgeon William A. Huston died at Mem-
phis, Tennessee, June 25, 1864.

Edward S. Brooking was killed while a pris-
oner near Memphis, Tennessee.

Henry P. Nichols died at home, December 2,
1864.

Samuel Sheley died at Memphis, September
1, 1864.

Christopher P. Stantial was killed at Mem-
phis, Tennessee, August 21, 1864.

John H. Lowell died at home, May 26, 1865.

Henry H. Harris died at Memphis, Tennes-
see, September 1, 1864.

Lieutenant Lester W. Porter was killed at
Memphis, Tennessee, August 21, 1864.

Corporal Thomas R. Ritenour, died at Co-
lumbus, Georgia, September 16, 1865.

Joseph Johnson died at Dalton, Georgia,
May, 1865.

Avery Hall died at Nashville, March 7, 1865.

David Stolcup died of wounds at Chatta-
nooga.

John Clarrey died at St. Louis.

Matthew Begg, a United States veteran, died
at Cairo, Illinois, October 13, 1863.

CHAPTER X.

COUNTY GOVERNMENT.

In December, 1818, when the state of
Illinois was admitted into the union, as
one of the great sovereign states, the
territory now known as McDonough

county, was a part of Madison county,
and remained so until 1821, in which
year, by an act of the legislature, ap-
proved on the 20th of June, it was made

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

201

a part of Pike county. On the 10th of
February, an act of the same body was
approved whereby its present boundaries
were denned, and it was attached to the
county of Schuyler, for judicial, election
and recording purposes. It remained
thus until in the summer of 1830, when
it being thought that there were enough
inhabitants to justify a seperate organi-
zation, a petition signed by a majority of
the legal voters of the county, was pre-
sented to Hon. Eichard M. Young, at
that time judge of the Fifth judicial dis-
trict, and holding court at Rushville,
Schuyler county. This was /upon the
14th day of June. The petition went
on to state, that McDonough county had
the requisite number of inhabitants des-
ignated by the legislature for the legal
organization of counties, and praying for
the necessary authority so to do. There-
upon, on the same day, Judge Young
issued an order, of which the following
is a verbatim copy:

STATE OF ILLINOTS, ( & ,
MCDONOUGH COUNTY.!

To the People of the State of Illinois, to all
who shall see these presents, greeting :
WHEREAS, By the said ninth and eleventh
sections of the act entitled "An act forming
new counties out of the counties of Pike and
Fulton, and the attached parts thereof," ap-
proved January 13, 1825, it is made the duty
of the presiding judge of the Fifth judicial
circuit of the state of Illinois, whenever it
shall be made to appear to his satisfaction
that either of the counties of Hancock, War-
ren, Mercer, Henry, Putnam or Knox con-
tains three hundred and fifty inhabitants, to
proceed to organize the same, and to grant
an order for the election of county officers
preparatory thereto; and

WHEREAS, By virtue of an act entitled "An
act supplementary to an act entitled 'An act

forming new counties out of the counties of
Pike and Fulton, and the attached parts
thereof,' " approved January 25, 1826, a new
county was created, to be called the county
ofMcDouough, with the express provision
therein contained that the inhabitants of the
said county of McDonough should enjoy and
possess all the rights and privileges granted
to the inhabitants of the several counties
created by the first recited act, and to which
the said last mentioned act is a supplement;
and

WHEREAS, It has been made to appear to
my satisfaction that the said county of Mc-
Douough contains three hundred and fifty
inhabitants and upwards, and inasmuch as
the greater part of the qualified voters of
said county have requested, by petition, that
the same should be organized with as little
delay as possible, I do therefore, in pursuance
of the power invested in me by virtue of the
provisions contained in the above recited
acts, order and dijrect that an election in and
for the said county of McDonough, at the
house of Elias McFadden, in said county, on
Saturday, the third day of July next, for the
election of three county commissioners, one
sheriff, and one coronei, to serve, when
elected and qualified, in and for the said
county of McDonough, respectively, until
they shall be superseded by the persons whp
may be elected at the general election, to be
held on the first Monday in August next
ensuing the date hereof; and for the purpose
of having this order carried into execution,
I do hereby appoint Ephraim Perkins, Wil-
liam McDonald and John Rogers, Esquires,
of said county, judges of said election, whose
duty it shall be to set up written or printed
advertisements or notices of said election in
at least six of the most public places in said
county, inclusive of the place at which the
said election is hereby directed to be held,
having due regard to the situation and popu-
lation of the different settlements, at least
ten days immediately preceding the said
election, to the end that all persons con-
cerned may have timely notice thereof, the

202

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

election to be viva voce, between the hours
of 10 o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock in
the afternoon of said day, and conducted in
all respects, as near as may be practicable, in
conformity with the act entitled "An act
regulating elections," approved January 10,
1829; and, lastly, the said judges are to cer-
tify the result of the said election to the office
of the secretary of state as soon thereafter as
may be convenient, in order that the persons
who may be elected and entitled to commis-
sions may be commissioned and qualify with
as little delay as possible, and after the said
election of the said county officers shall have
taken place in pursuance of this order, I do
hereby declare the said county of McDonough
to be organized and entitled to the same
rights and privileges as the other counties in
this state.

Given under my hand and seal, at Rush-
ville, this 14th day of June, A. D., 1830, and
of the independence of the United States the
fifty-fourth.

RICHARD M. YOUNG,

'Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of
the State of Illinois.

Accompanying this document was the
following letter, which is of historical
importance enough to' make an apology
for its insertion here needless:

RUSHVILLE, SCHUYLER CuUNTY, ILL.,

June 14, 1830.
Gentlemen :

Enclosed you will find an order for the
election of county officers in the county of
McDonough, preparatory to the organization
thereof, according to request of citizens of
that county. I have appointed you judges
of election, as you will see by reference to
the order, and request that you will take it
upon yourselves to act in that capacity. In
conducting the election, I wish you to pur-
sue the order strictly and to govern your-
selves in all other respects, as nearly as will
be practicable, in conformity with the act

entitled "An act regulating elections," ap-
proved January 10, 1829. Yonr county will
be considered as organized according to the
statute as soon as your county officers shall
have been elected in pursuance of the enclosed
order. It will be your duty, I suppose, to
give certificates of election to the different
persons who may be elected, immediately
after the election takes place, as well as make
returns thereof to the office of secretary of
state, in order that they may enter upon the
duties of their respective offices immediately,
the county, as I before observed, being con-
sidered as organized as soon as the election
takes place. I enclose, also, the copy of a
notice to be set up previous to the election
as directed by the order, in six of the most
public places in the county. After the
county commissioners are elected, it will
become their duty to fix upon the temporary
seat of justice for said county, and to provide
a place for the holding of the circuit court.
As soon as these facts are made known to me,
I will grant an order for the holding of cir-
cuit court, until the legislature shall provide
permanently for that purpose.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,

RICHARD M. YOUNG.

On the outside of the letter sheet as
folded, there being no envelopes used in
that day, is the folio wing superscription:
On Public Business:

Messrs. Ephraim Perkins,

William McDonald and
John Rodgers,

McDonough County,

Illinois.
Care of

James Vance, Esq.

COMMISSIONEKS' COUET.

In accordance with this order the elec-
tion was held and James Clarke, James
Vance and John Hardesty were elected
county commissioners; William South-

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

203

ward, sheriff ; and Peter Hale, coroner.
These were the first officers of the new
county. On the 3d day of July, the
same day the election was held, the
newly elected county commissioners
'held a meeting and the official business
of the county was initiated. The first
order emanating from this body af-
firmed the fact that the order of
Judge Young had been fully and legally
carried out, and that the county commis-
sioners were duly and truly elected.
Michael Stinson was by them appointed
clerk, pro tern., and, in their third order,
the seat of justice of the county was
located at the residence of John Baker,
on the southwest quarter of section 31,
in township 6 north, 2 west, which
township is now known by the name of
Macomb. The commissioners declared
that the said county seat should "be
known as the -town of Washington for
the present." At the same meeting they
also appointed Ephraim Perkins, Wil-
liam McDonald and George Dowell,
judges of the forthcoming election, to
be held at the "town" of Washington,
the first Monday in August following.
They then adjourned until the 5th of
July, to meet at the dwelling of James
Clarke, one of their number.

In pursuance with the adjournment, on
the 5th day of July, 1830, the commis-
sioners again met, this time at the house
of Mr. Clarke, and proceeded to divide
the county into three districts, and to
provide for the election of justices of
the peace and constables in each. These
districts were each eight miles wide, and
run east and west the entire length of
the county, and were known as First,
Second and Third magistrate's district.

The First was in the south, the Second
in the middle, and the Third in the
northern part of the county. An elec-
tion for the First district was ordered to
be held at the house of James Vance,
on the first Saturday in August follow-
ing, for two justices of the peace and
two constables. George Dowell, Wil-
liam S. Moore and William Garrett were
appointed judges of election. In the
Second district an election was ordered
to held at the same time, at the residence
of John Baker, for four justices and
four constables. Elias McFadden, Peter
Hale and David Troxwell were appointed
the judges of the election in this pre-
cinct. William Deakins, John Wyatt
and Isaac Bartlett were appointed as*
judges of election in the Third district,
which election was ordered to be held at
the house of John Vance, on the same
day above mentioned, when two justices
of the peace and two constables were to
be chosen.

At the general election, held on the
first Monday in August, 1830, James
Vance, James Clarke and John Hardesty
were re-elected to fill the positions of
county commissioners; William South-
ward, sheriff; Peter Hale, coroner; and
Jesse Bartlett, surveyor. This election
was held at the house of John Baker,
then a rude hut built of poles, which
were hardly large enough to call logs.
This edifice was used as a tavern, court
house and clerk's office, until the erec-
tion of the log court house in 1831.

At the special election, held August 7,
in the several magistrate's districts,
James Vance, Sr., and John Billew were
elected justices of the peace, and James
Lee and James B. Tomberlin, consta-

204

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

bles, in the First district. In the Sec-
ond district were elected James Clarke,
William McDonald, Robert Cook and
Samuel Bogart, justices of the peace,
and John Wilson, Oliver C. Rice,
Thomas J. Pennington and John Har-
ris, constables. In the Third district
Ephraim Perkins and Caswell Russell
were elected justices, and Francis Read-
ing and Jacob Coffman, constables.

On the first Monday in September,
1830, the county commissioners held the
third meeting of the first regalar term,
and the first business brought up was
the selection of grand and petit juries
for the October term of the Circuit court,
then to be held for the first time in this
.county. It required nearly two-thirds
of the legal voters of the county to fill
these juries. John Baker was appoint-
ed by the board to fill the office of
clerk, pro tern., in place of M. L. Stin-
son, who had resigned. They, also, ap-
pointed James Vance, Sr., commissioner
of school lands; Isaac Bartlett, county
surveyor, and John Huston, county
treasurer. The latter gentleman, before
qualifying for the office was required to
give bonds in the sum of $800, a fact
that demonstrates the small amount of
money handled by that officer in those
early days.

Prior to the organization of the county
McDonough being attached to Schuyler
county, the taxes were assessed and col-
lected in that county, and one of the
first acts of the commissioners of the
newly created county, was to request the
authorities of the latter to furnish them
with a list of taxes assessed for the com-
ing year, which request was at once
complied with.

In December, 1830, James Clarke,
one of the county commissioners, went
to Springfield, and, in behalf of the
county, entered the southwest quarter
of section 31, in township 6, north,
range 2, west, upon which the old town,
of Macomb was laid out.

In the spring of 1831, James M.
Campbell, having been appointed to the
office of clerk of the Circuit court, came
to McDonough councy, to enter upon
the duties of that position. Shortly af-
ter his arrival, John Baker resigned the
office of clerk of the county commission-
er's court. Mr. Campbell was suggested
for the place. Somehow an impression
had obtained among the people that,
that gentleman was a Yankee, a class of
people not in favor iu these localities.
Mr. Campbell, on being asked if he was
a New Englander, replied; "Well, gent-
lemen, if to be born in Frankfort, State
of Kentucky, living there until six years
of age, coming to Illinois and remaining
for six years, then returning to Kentucky
and living there for twelve years, and
then returning to Illinois, constitutes a
Yankee, then I am one." This explana-
tion was satisfactory and he was appoint-
ed to fill the office.

Strict economy governed the commis-
sioners in all affairs pertaining to the
welfare of the county. Every bill pre-
sented was carefully scrutinized, and
value received was invariably required
before payment.

At the March term of the county
commissioners' court James Clarke was
allowed the sum of three dollars for go-
ing to Springfield and entering the land
upon which the original town of Ma-
comb was located.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

205

In payment for the use of his house
for court purposes John Baker was
granted the fee simple right to two lots
in the town of Macomb, which was then
to be laid out. John J. Keaton was em-
ployed to make the survey, for which he
was allowed the sum of thirty-five dol.
lars. David Clarke and John Baker'
were employed to carry the chain, for
which they each received fifty cents a
day. William McDonald received sixty-
two and a half cents per day for driving
the stakes, the work being more arduous
than that of carrying the chain. It ap-
pears from bills allowed by the county
commissioners' court the wages paid lab-
orers at this time were from fifty cents
to one dollar per day.

Many laughable anecdotes are related
of this survey, Mr. Keaton was not a
regular surveyor, and is said to have
known less about surveying than those
who carried the chain. He had great
difficulty in making the corners in fact
never did make them, and they have
never been straightened to this day.
Another man being wanted to assist in
the work, several were approached for
this purpose, but all had an excuse to
make, one man replying that he would
not give the pleasure of his day's drunk
for the two best lots in the town. The
first plat of the town not proving satis-
factory, the citizens petitioned the
county commissioners to change it,
which was done, although one of the
members of the board, Hon. James
Vance, entered upon the records of the
court his protest against the action.

At a meeting of the board of county
commissioners, held April 12, 1831, the
question of building a court house was

discussed at length, and the following
order made:

Ordered, That the building of a house, to
be used as a court house, be let to the lowest
bidder, of the following description, to-wit:
To be built of logs, hewed on both sides, to
face from nine to twelve inches; to be built
eighteen feet by twenty, with a white oak
plank floor above and betow, laid loose; nine
feet between the joists and sleepers, the
sleepers laid two feet apart, laid on the sills;
joists not more than two feet apart, of good
white oak, hewed, or sawed four inches thick
by nine inches wide; to be chinked and
daubed on the outside; one door six and one-
half feet high and three feet wide, well faced
and cased; a good batten door, hung on good
iron hinges; one window, to have twelve
panes of glass, and one window of six panes
of glass; to be placed in said building by the
the instruction of James M. Campbell; each
window to have a good strong batten shut-
ter, hung with butt hinges; covered with
boards four feet long, of good width, and
what is called double covered, with good gut-
ters and eaves. The said building when
completed and finished to be done in work-
manlike manner. The said building to be
on a lot in the town of Macomb, (on a lot),
to be in due time, that is within two weeks,

made known to the undertaker. The under-

taker will be required to give bonds, with
sufficient security, for the faithful perform-
ance of his undertaking in the penal sum of
double the amount of his bid, made payable
to the county commissioners, or their succes-
sors in office, for the use of the county, that
the said house shall be finished on or before
the first day of September iust.

It is furtherordered, That the weightpoles
are to be of sufficient weight to be of service;
that the undertaker furnish everything
necessary for the above building, except the
glass for the windows.

On the same day the above proposi-
tions were made the contract was let to
William Southward for the sum of sixty-

206

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

nine dollars and fifty cents. As will
be observed, there is a considerable dif-
ference between the first and last build-
ings erected for court purposes.

At this meeting John Baker applied
for a license to keep a tavern, which re-
quest was ordered on his paying into the
county treasury the sum of six dollars
and fifty cents, together with the clerk's
fees for issuing the license. The board
then adopted the following scale of pri-
ces to govern inn-keepers in t^e county:

For each meal of victuals $0 25

For each night's lodgings 12

For each horse feed per night 25

For each horse feed 12J

For each half pint of whisky 12J

For each half pint French brandy 25

For each half pint Hoi laud gin or wine 25
For each half pint peach brandy 18f

Four licenses to sell intoxicating liquor
in Macomb were granted by the com-
missioners during the year 1831, one of
them being issued to John Baker, then
a Baptist preacher, who figured in the,
to modern eyes, singular dual position
of a dispenser of gospel and whiskey.
Shortly after obtaining the license he
admitted to a partnership Samuel Bogart,
a Methodist clergyman, and under the
firm name of Baker, Bogart & Co., these
reverend gentlemen continued the same
business.

On the 26th of April, 1831, the first
public sale of lots in the new town of
Macomb was made. William Edmon-
ston, having been appointed as commis-
sioner for the sale of all lots, acted as
auctioneer. But few sales were made,
and the amount realized was small.

At the June session of the board of
commissioners, the three magistrate's

districts were made election precincts for
the congressional election to be held in
August. For this election the judges
were allowed one dollar per day, and the
clerks one dollar and a shilling.

In September of this year James
Vance was appointed commissioner of
school lands, in accordance with the act
of congress devoting every sixteenth sec-
tion of land for school purposes, the pro-
ceeds of the sales to be devoted to edu-
cational matters. He was instructed by
the board, to loan all money received
therefor for not less than twelve per cent,
per annum. Trustees for each township
or magistrate's district were also ap-
pointed for the school fund.

At the regular September session of
the county commissioner's court, 1831,
it was ordered "that George Grace, John
Lee and John Baker, be appointed
viewers, to lay out and mark the road
from Washington to the county line,
toward the town of Rushville.

At the same session, on a petition of
the citizens of the county, John Lee
was appointed constable in and for Mc-
Donough county. This term or session
of the commissioner's court was the first
that was held in the new log court house,
then just finished, at the cost of $69.50.

At the December session, James
Clarke was granted a license to keep a
tavern, or in other words, to deal in
ardent spirits, at his house in Macomb.

On the 8th of March, 1832, the follow-
ing resolution was adopted by the county
commissioners:

"Ordered, That the building of a jail for said
county be let to the lowest bidder, OH the
second Monday of April, next; and that the
clerk advertise the same, to- wit: twenty

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY C c HUNOI'

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

209

feet square, with three rooms, at least niue
feet between the floor and ceiling, the walls
built of hewed logs, twelve inches square,
laid close and" dovetailed together, and
pinned, each log at the corner, so as not to
admit of anything passing through. The in-
terior of the said rooms to be lined with
plank two inches thick, of white oak, spiked
on across the logs, laid close; with a floor of
said sized lumber of two thicknesses cross-
ing at right angles, with a ceiling in the
same way. The walls planked and to be
spiked in diamond form, four inches square,
on all the walls, ceilings and floors; with a
clapboard roof nailed on, the boards to be
three feet long and of good width; all of
which is to be done in good workmanlike
manner; with three doors covered with sheet
iron, with a place left so as to open on hinges
a small grate in the center of the two inner
doors and to be so fixed as to be as strong
when done, as though they were solid, with
three grates, two large enough to admit of a
pane of glass 10x12, with a sash swinging on
hinges on the inside of each room, and one
window large enough to contain six panes of
glass, in each window; two grates of iron
bars only four inches square from center to
center of the bars; and two outside doors to
the criminal rooms, hanging on the outside,
opening into the debtors' room, and that the
bar to be of iron three inches breadth bar,
and crossing through the center with bars
one inch square; the house to be placed on
a stone foundation, built at least six inches
above the highest point of the ground, and
to set into and under the surface at least two
feet thick, and .the space tilled with stone to
the lower part of the floor; and the whole to
be completed in a workmanlike manner, etc.

The contract was let to James Edmon-
ston, who, in due time, completed the
work to the satisfaction of the commis-
sioners.

At the April term (1834) of 'the
county commissioners' court, William
Willis was appointed county treasurer,

his bond being fixed at $2,500. He only
retained the office one month, when
Resin Naylor was again re-appointed.

On the 3d of September, 1832, a new
board of county commissioners came
into being, consisting of James Clarke,
James Edmonston and Enoch Cyrus.
These were elected at the general elec-
tion held on the 6th of August of that
year. The first session of their court
was held on the 3d and 4th of Sep-
tember.

The old court house, built of logs
proving inconvenient, and incommodious
for the transaction of the business of
the rapidly growing county, at the ses-
sion of the commissioner's court, held
on the 7th of March, 1833, it was deter-
mined to build a brick structure for the
purposes of the county. The building
of this, it was determined to let to the
lowest bidder, and the clerk was ordered
to issue the necessary notices, that drafts
for the same would be received at an
adjourned meeting to be held on the 6th
of May, next." At the time appointed,
the commissioners met and adopted a
plan for the new court house. The
building was to be 46 feet square, with
foundation walls of stone two feet thick
and three feet high, being one foot above
the surface of the ground. This was to
be surmounted by a superstructure of
brick, two stories high, the lower one to
be 14, the upper to be 12 feet high, the
whole to be surmounted by a cupola.

It was ordered that the proposal of
the letting of this contract should be
published three times in the Jackson-
ville Pdfriof, and that the contract
should be let to the lowest bidder. In
due time this contract was entered into

210

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

with George Miller and John T. Bishop,
who were to build stone and brick work
of the same for $2,498. James Clarke,
Moses Henton and Benjamin Naylor
were appointed by the board as the com-
mittee on building, who were to super-
intend the erection of the same.

In the month of September, 1835, a
further contract was made by the county
with Morris Roberts and David F. Mar-
tin to complete the inclosure of the
building for the sum of $1,334. This
part of the work was finished and ac-
cepted in the spring of 1836. A further
contract was made with Benjamin T.
Naylor and Robert A. Brazleton for the
completion of the wood work, painting,
etc., for $1,000. This part of the work
gave satisfaction, was accepted by the
court, and McDonough county had a
court house in which her citizens felt a
just pride. It was built at a total cost
of $4,832.

Jn the early part of 1834, Enoch
Cyrus resigned his place upon the board
of county commissioners, and on the 2d
of June was succeeded by James Yance,
Sr.

The county commissioners' court that
met on the 1st of September, 1834, con-
sisted of James Clarke, Nathan Ward
and Cavill Archer.

On Tuesday, March 3, 1835, the
county commissioners' court ordered
"that the following be the bounds of a
new magistrate's district, in the south-
west corner of McDonough county,
number Four, and which is established
as such, viz: Beginning on the line that
divides the counties of Schuyler and
McDonough, at the southeast corner of
section 36, in township 4 north, range 3

west, thence north with the line dividing
ranges 2 and 3 west, to the northeast
corner of section 25, township 5 north,
range 3 west, thence west with the line
which divides sections 24 and 25 to the
county line, thence south with the
said county line to the Schuyler county
line, thence east with the said line to the
place of beginning; and that all elec-
tions therein be held at the house of
Malachi Monk; and that John "Venard,
James Edmonston and Hugh McDon-
ough be and are hereby appointed
judges of all elections in said district;
and the said place is established a pre-
cinct for holding all general as well as
well as special elections, in said county,"

A resolution was passed by the 7th of
December, 1835, as follows: "This court
doth certify that Theophilus L. Dickey,
Esq., who is about to apply for a license
to practice law in this state, is a man of
honesty and probity and good de-
ineaiior."

James Vance, Sr., the county school
commissioner dying, while in that office,
on the same day above mentioned, the
commissioner's court appointed Benja-
min Naylor to fill his place. It was this
board of commissioners that laid off the
county into 13 road districts and ap-
pointed a supervisor to each, all to be
under George H. Rice, chief supervisor
of roads. Previous to this, each road
had its supervisor, who had certain con-
tiguous land owners under his control,
by whose labor the road in question was
kept in repair. At the same time as the
laying out the several road districts, the
county commissioners, in compliance
with an- act of the legislature, approved
February 3, 1835, entitled "an act con-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

211

eerning public roads," made the first
levy for a tax for the benefit of the road
fund, to be used in building bridges, re-
pairing the same, setting up guide-
boards, etc.

The record of the county commis-
sioner's court, under the date of July
11, 1836, bears the following significant
entry: "This day came Wesley Way-
land and acknowledged that he had
signed and sealed a certificate of free-
dom to a negro woman, now resident
with him."

On Monday, September 5, 1836, the
new board of commissioners, elected at
the preceding August election, took their
seats. These gentlemen were: Stewart
Pennington, James Edmonston and Asa
Smith. A fifth magistrate's district was
laid out by them, at onq of their first
meetings, in the northeast part of the
county, and ordered that elections be
held therein, at the house of Ephraim
Palmer; and Ephraim Palmer, Alexan-
der Campbell and Quintius Walker, were
appointed judges of elections. The
county treasurer, who was also county
assessor, was at the same time ordered
tojevy a tax against various personal
property in the county, among the items
of which is that of slaves, showing that
that class of property was owned in the
county, although to a very limited ex-
tent. A sixth magistrate's district was
formed in September, 1837, and all elec-
tions therein were ordered to take place
at the house of Benjamin B. Gates.
Asahel Hubbard, Allen Milton and B.
B. Gates were appointed judges of
elections.

The county commissioner's court that
came into power on the first Monday in

September, 1848, was composed of Wil-
liam W. Bailey, John Vance and John
Wyatt. James M. Campbell still con-
tinued clerk, and the new sheriff was
William H. Randolph. Up to this time
all three of the commissioners "had been
elected for two years, but now, under a
law of the state, they were to be elected
one each year, to serve for three years.
In accordance with this and the statute
in such cases made and provided, the
three commissioners drew lots for the
length of term each was to hold the
office. John Wyatt drew the ticket en-
titling him to stay in one year, William
W. Bailey two years and John Vance
three years. This court transacted the
usual routine business of the county in
an apparently satisfactory manner, and
on the first Monday of September, 1839,
Mr. Wyatt retiring, his year being up,
was succeeded by James Edmonston.
The position of county commissioner
was filled by the following gentlemen
for the succeeding years: Hugh Kin-
kade, elected August 3, 1840, resigned
August 7th, and succeeded by Josiah
Harrison; John Huston, elected in 1841 ;
1842, Isaac G. Smith; 1843, William
Ferguson; 1844, John G. Woodside;
1845, Robert Bean; 1846, Joel Penning-
ton; 1847, Charles C. Hungate; 1848,
Samuel Calvin. This was the last
county commissioner elected, the form
of government being changed. In 1847
a state election was held for members of
a constitutional convention, which assem-
bly prepared and submitted to the peo-
ple of the state a new constitution, which
was adopted by a large majority. By
this, in place of the county commis-
sioner's court, a county court was organ-

212

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ized in each county. This consisted of
a county judge, and if the legislature
saw proper to order it, two .associate
justices. This the legislature acted
favorably upon. The last meeting of
the- county commissioner's court was
held on the 8th of September, when Joel
Pennington, C. C. Hungate and Samuel
Calvin, the members were all present.
When they adjourned, it was "until court
in course," but they never re-assembled
as a court again. They were succeed-
ed by

THE COUNTY COURT.

The first session of this body was held
at the court house in Macomb, on Mon-
day, December 3, 1849, with the follow-
ing members present: James Clarke,
presiding judge; Charles E. Hume and
Charles C. Hungate, associate justices;
Isaac Grantham, clerk, and David Law-
son, sheriff. The first business trans-
acted by the court, was the allowance of
some claims against the county, the first
one of which was that of Philip Spiker,
who was allowed $25 for boarding John
Freeland, a pauper, for three months.

On Thursday, March 7, 1850, it was
ordered by the court that a levy be made
of one eighth of one per cent, on the as-
sessed valuation of property ' both real
and personal, in McDonough county for
the year 1850, to be set apart as a sepa-
rate fund for the purchase of farm, etc.,
on which to erect a poor house, and for
the erection of the same; which said last
mentioned levy shall be collected in gold
and silver coin, only." It was also made
an order that Eedmond Grigsby, Joel
Pennington and Thomas Smith, were
appointed commissioners to receive pro-
posals for the purchase of a farm, not to

exceed 640 acres, for the purpose as set
forth in the above order. This com-
mission was, also, instructed to report
all proposals, together with their views
and opinions thereon, at the June term
of the county court, next following.

For some cause not assigned, these
commissioners failed to make their re-
port at the time mentioned, and the mat-
ter remained open. On Friday, March
7, 1851, one year thereafter, the court in
ordering the tax levy for the year, in-
cluded one of six cents on each one hun-
dred dollars of taxable property for the
poor farm fund, to be paid in coin.

The same day, Charles Chandler and
George A. Taylor, were appointed com-
missioners "to receive the proposals for
the sale, to the county, of a suitable farm
on which to erect a poor house, and to
examine such farms as they may think
suitable, not exceeding twenty-five hun-
dred dollars in price, payment to be made
in specie, half cash on completion of the
contract, and the remainder in two equal
payments, without interest." These
parties were instructed to make their re-
port at the next regular term of the court.

At the June term of the county court,
Thompson Chandler took his place as
associate justice in place of C. E. Hume.
On the llth of March, 1853, an entry
was made upon the record of the county
court, showing that the commissioners
appointed for the purpose,had purchased
for the county the following described
real estate, for a poor farm : 85 acres on
the east side of the north east quarter
of section 24, in township 6 north, range
3 west, two and a half acres of the south
end of the above described section; the
south half of the south west quarter of

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

213

section 18 in the same township, contain-
ing a fraction over 75 acres; and nine and
a half acres off the north end of the
north west quarter of section 19; and six
acres off the south end of the east half
of the south east quarter of section 13,
all in the township and range above
.mentioned.

One of the most important acts of this
court was the submission to the qualified
voters of the county the question of sub-
scription to the stock of the Northern
Cross railroad, and the endorsement of
the people thereto, as is spoken of else-
where, under its appropriate head.

The county court, which assembled
for the first time, on the 5th of Decem-
ber, 1853, was composed of Thompson
Chandler, county judge; Samuel Calvin
and Silas J. Grigsby, associate justices;
Isaac Grantham, clerk; and Sydnor H.
Hogan, sheriff. These gentlemen, with
the exception of the last named, held
their positions for several years. Under
date of Thursday, December 4th, 1856,
is found the following record :

"WHEREAS, ou the petition of the Tawful
number of citizens and legal voters of Me-
Donough county, presented to this court on
the 3d day of June last, asking the court to
submit the question of township organiza-
tion to the legal voters of McDonough
county, to be voted ou by them, at the (then)
next general election, to be holden in said
county, agreeably to the second section of
the act of the general assembly of the state
of Illinois, approved February 17, 1851, en-
titled, 'An act to provide for township or-
ganization'; an order of this court was made,
and entered of record, on the 3d day of June,
aforesaid, ordering an election to be held in
the several election precincts in said county,
ou the 4th day of November, A. D. 1856, <that
being the day fixed by law for all general

elections), to take the votes of the legal vot-
ers of said county for and against township
organization; and,

WHEREAS, At sa^d general election, a law-
ful number of said votes were cast for town-
ship organization, as appears to the court by
the abstract of the votes cast at said election
for and against township organization*, ex-
hibited to the court by the clerk this day; it
is therefore

Ordered, That Levi H. Bradbury, Harrison
Huugate and William R. Downen, be, and
they are hereby appointed, commissioners to
divide the county into towns or townships;
and that it is further

Ordered, That the clerk of this court
notify the said parties of their appoint-
ment."

The committee appointed for the pur-
pose of dividing the county into town-
ships reported in due time that they had
performed that duty. By them the
county was divided into sixteen town-
ships, having the following names: El-
dorado, Industry, Eagle Town, Lamoine,
New Salem, Scotland. Erin, Tennessee,
Mound, Macomb, Spring Creek, Rock
Creek, Prairie City, Walnut Grove,
Sciota, Blandinsville. The first election
for township officers was held April 7,
1857.

The county court presided over by
Judge Chandler continued until April
11, 1857, when it was adjourned sine die.
It never reassembled, as the ruling
power in the county government, being
superceded by the

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS.

The first meeting of this honorable
body was held on the llth day of May,
1857, at the court house in Macomb, at
a special session. There were there
present the following gentlemen:

214

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

1857.

John S. Holliday Lamoine township.

Stephen A. White Tennessee.

Ebenezer N. Hicks Rock Creek.

William W. Moss .....*... Blandinville.

Jonathan H. Baker Spring Creek.

Isaac T. Montfort Scotland.

Samuel H. McCandless Mound.

James H. Epperson New Salem.

Joel Pennington Industry.

D. I. Dungan .... . . . . .Walnut Grove,.

William Heath Sciota.

Isaac McCown Erin.

James H. Dunsworth Eagle.

John Price Eldorado.

Alonzo L. Kimber Prairie City.

James McClure Macomb.

On organization, Jonathan H. Baker
was chosen chairman for the ensuing
year. Among the first actions of the
board was the looking into the financial
condition of the county. Resolutions
to that effect were introduced and passed
and the board, like the proverbial " new
broom," commenced to " sweep clean."
Resolutions were also passed changing
the names of several of the townships;
that of Hock Creek to Hire; Spring
Creek to Emmet; Erin to Chalmers, and
Eagle to Bethel.

The boards for the ensuing years have
been composed as follows:

1858.
Solomon Markhain Mound.

George F. Hendrickson Prairie City.

Joel Pennington Industry.

Isaac P. Montfort Scotland.

Lewis H. Waters Macomb.

David I. Dungan ........ Walnut Grove.

James H. Dunsworth Bethel.

Isaac McCown Chalmers.

Jonathan H. Baker Emmet.

William Heath Sciota.

John Twidwell Lamoine.

Stephen A. White ....... Tennessee.

William W. Moss Blandinsville.

E. N. Hicks Hire*

Joseph Lownes < New Salem.

John Price Eldorado.

J. H. Baker was chosen chairman for
the year:

1859.

Isaac McCown Chalmers.

James M. Campbell ... Emmet.

Joel Pennington Industry.

S. H. McCandless Mound.

Isaac P. Montfort Scotland.

B. R. Hampton .... Macomb.

J. M. Wallin Sciota.

D. J. Dungan . ; Walnut Grove.

John S. Holliday Lamoine.

Isaac Weaver Prairie City.

John Nankavil .... Bethel.

E. N. Hicks . Hire.

John Price Eldorado.

S. A. White ... Tennessee.

Simon Pontious New Salem.

William W. Moss Blandinsville.

James M. Campbell was duly elected
chairman of the board, on organization.

1860.

James Keach Eldorado.

S. H.'McCandless Mound.

Hiram Conover Prairie City.

D. Bunkle .... Industry.

George W. Provine Scotland.

W. S. Hendricks Macomb.

D. J. Duugan Walnut Grove.

James Black Bethel.

Alexander Blackburn Chalmers.

James M. Campbell . Emmet.

J. M. Wallin Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

S. A. White . . . Tennessee.

E. N. Hicks Hire.

Hiram Williams Blandinsville.

Simon Pontious New Salem.

James M. Campbell was duly re-elect-
ed to the chair.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

215

1801.

James M. Campbell . Emmet

Asahel Russell New Salem

Edward Dyer Mound.

D. R. Hamilton Prairie City

Leander Cassidy Industry

George W. Provine Scotland

John McSperritt Walnut Grove

James Black Bethel.

Jeremiah Sullivan Chalmers.

J. M. Wallin Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

8. A. White Tennessee.

E. N. Hicks Hire.

V. M. Hardin Blandinsville.

John Price Eldorado.

W. S. Hendricks Macomb.

J. M. Campbell was again re-elected
chairman of the board upon its or-
ganization, on the 4th of June.

1862.

John Price Eldorado.

R. C. Porter New Salem.

Christian Eby Mound.

D. R. Hamilton . Prairie City.

Leander Cassidy Industry.

Jacob Randolph Scotland.

John McSperritt Walnut Grove.

James Black . . . . Bethel.

H. S. Marvel ^. . . . Chalmers^

Charles Creel Emmet.

J. M. Wallin Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

E. N. Hicks Hire.

V. M. Hardin ....... Blandinsville.

S. A. White Tennessee.

Ferman Casto . . . . Macomb.

James M. Wallin was elected perma-
nent chairman of the board for this
year.

At the December session of 1862,
Presley B. Cordell took his seat upon
this board, vice Leander Cassidy, re-
moved from the township.

1863.

Thomas Lawyer Eldorado.

Lyman Porter New Salem.

James Updegraff Mound.

D. R. Hamilton Prairie City.

P. B. Cordell . .... Industry.

J. W. Randolph Scotland.

B. R. Hampton Macomb.

Joshua Larkins Walnut Grove.

William Twaddle Bethel.

H. B. Marvel Chalmers.

W, C. McLeod Emmet.

G. T. Green ... - Sciota,

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

S. A. White Tennessee.

E. N. Hicks Hire.

V. M. Hardin Blandinsville.

The chairman of the board for this
year was Henry S. Marvel.

1864.
Leander Cassidy Eldorado.

Amaziah Hanson New Salem.

James Updegraff . Mound.

D. R. Hamilton Prairie City.

Simeon Smith Industry.

G. W. Provine Scotland.

B. R. Hampton Macomb.

John McSperritt Walnut Grove.

William Twaddle Bethel.

Jeremiah Sullivan Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

G. T. Green Sciota.

L. G. Reid ... - Lamoine.

S. A. White Tennessee.

S. K. Pedrick Hire.

Hiram Williams Blandinsville.

Jeremiah Sullivan was chairman dur-
ing the year 1864.

1865.
John Price Eldorado.

J. E. Porter New Salem.

L. Porter . . .' Mound.

D. R. Hamilton Prairie City.

P. J. Pennington Industry.

John Blackburn Scotland.

O. F. Piper Macomb.

D. A. McKee . .... Walnut Grove.

216

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

James Robinson Bethel.

T. B. McCorinick Chalmers.

W. C. McLeocl Einmett.

J. "W. Brewster .. Sciota.

L. G. Reid .... Lamoiue.

S. A. White .... Tennessee.

R. M. Folts Hire.

Hiram Williams Blandinsville,

Lyman Porter was chosen chairman
chairman of the board for 1865.

1866.

William Marshall Eldorado.

A. Hanson New Salem.

James Manly Mound.

J. H. Smith ... Prairie City.

J. R. Skiles Industry.

S. R. Jones Scotland.

O. F. Piper Macomb.

Samuel McWhinney . . . . . Walnut Grove.

James Robinson Bethel.

T. B. McCormick Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

J. M. Wallin Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

E. B. Hibbard Tennessee.

E. N. Hicks Hire.

Hiram Williams Blandinsville.

On organization, at the first meeting,
June 11, James M. Wallin was chosen
chairman of the board. At a meeting
on the following day, the board ordered
the division of the township of Prairie
City, giving the southern half of the
same the name of Bushnell, and the
north half retaining the old name of
Prairie City.

1867.

William Marshall Eldorado.

Simon Pontious New Salem.

Joseph Shannon . . . Mound.

J. H. Smith Bushnell.

H. C. Sanford Prairie City.

J. R. Skiles Industry.

S. R. Jones Scotland.

W. J. Merritt Macomb.

B. R. Hampton Macomb city,

D. G. Tumiicliff Macomb city.

E. B. Davis Walnut Grove.

James Robinson Bethel.

Cyrus Hoyt Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod .Emmet.

Benjamin Robinson Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

E. B. Hibbard Tennessee.

E. N. Hicks Hire.

J. A. Mustain Blandinsville.

W. C. McLeod was chosen chairman,
at the first meeting, on the 10th of June.

1868.

Milton Amrine . . . - Eldorado.

Joseph E. Porter New Salem.

James Manly Mound.

D; M. Wyckoff Bushnell.

H. C. Sanford . . Prairie City.

Geo; A. Taylor Industry.

John C. Moore Scotland.

James B. Kyle Macomb city.

B. R. Hampton Macomb city.

William W. Stewart Walnut Grove.

James Robinson Bethel.

Cyrus Hoyt .... Chalmer.

W. C. McLeod . . Emmet.

J. L. Painter Sciota

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

S. A. White Tennessee.

James A. Mustain Blandinsville.

P. D. Knapp Macomb.

Isaac Oakman Hire.

W. C. McLeod was re-elected to the
chair at a special term held on the 13th
of May and thereafter.

1869.

Board met June 14 and elected H. C.
Sanford chairman for the ensuing year.
The members were as follows:

Thomas Cox ... Eldorado.

J. E. Porter ,.... New Salem.

T. J. Creel . . . Mound.

D. M. Wyckoff ... Bushnell.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

217

E. K. Westfall Bushnell.

H. C. Sanforct Prairie City.

B. A. Duncan Industry.

J. Watson Scotland.

T. D. Knapp Macouab.

B. R. Hampton . . . . Macornb city.

J. B. Kyle . . . Macomb city.

W.W.Stewart. . Walnut Grove.

J. M. Dunsworth Bethel.

G. W. Neece Chalmers.

William McLeod Emmet.

J. L. Painter Sciota.

G. L. Reid Lamoine.

J. H. Chenoweth Tennessee.

I. A. Oakinan . Hire.

J. A. Mustain Blandinsville.

1870.

Joseph Lownes New Salem.

James Manly Mound.

J. N. Devore Bushnell.

G. W. Hamilton . Prairie City.

Ebenezer Vail Industry.

John C. Moore Scotland.

W. H. Rile Macomb.

J. B. Kyle Macomb city.

W. W. Stewart Walnut Grove.

Samuel Wilson Bethel.

Geo.W. Neece Chalmers.

Thomas Murray Emmet.

J. L. Pointer Sciota.

Reason Hooten Tennessee.

Isaac A. Oakinan Hire.

J. A. Mustain Blandinsville.

Thomas Cox . . Eldorado.

E. K. Westfall Bushnell.

B.' R. Hampton Macomb city.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

With the last named gentleman in the
chair during the year. First meeting
held June 13.

1871.

The first meeting was held June 12,
and J. A. Mustain was elected chairman
for the year. The members of the board
were the following gentlemen:

Thomas Cox Eldorado.

Abraham Powers New Salem.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

S.A.Epperson . . .Bushnell.

James N. Devore '. . . . . Bushnell.

James W. Brooks Prairie City.

T. J. Pennington Industry.

John Watson Scotland.

C. N. Harding . . . . .... Macomb city.

James M. Campbell Macomb .city.

John M. Archer Macomb.

W. W. Stewart Walnut Grove.

James Robinson Bethel.

Jeremiah Sullivan Chalmers.

William C. McLeod Emmet.

J. L. Painter Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

Reason Hooten Tennessee.

Jesse Martin Hire.

James A. Mustain Blandinsville.

1872.

First meeting held by call, signed by
two thirds of the members, April 16,

1872.

James Irwin Eldorado .

J. L. Epperson New Salem

G. W. Hamilton Prairie City.

Ross Manly Mound.

J. N. Devore : . . . . Bushnell.

S. A. Epperson Bushnell

P. B. Cordell Industry.

John Watson Scotland.

C. N. Harding Macomb city.

J. M. Campbell Macomb city.

Thomas Cline Macomb.

W. W. Stewart . . Walnut Grove.

James Robinson . . Bethel.

Jeremiah Sullivan Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod . Emmet.

J. L. Painter Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

Reason Hooten . . Tennessee.

J. E. K. Carlisle Hire.

James A. Mustain Blandinsville.

W. C. McLeod was duly elected chair-
man for the year.

218

KISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

1873.

First meeting held April 30, a special
one by call, signed by various members.
The following was the board:

James Irwin Eldorado.

John L. Epperson New Salem.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

Allen L. Sparks Bushnell.

John B. Cummings Bushnell.

G. W. Hamilton Prairie City.

Thomas L. Maxwell Industry.

John Watson Scotland.

J. M. Campbell Macomb city.

Thomas Cline Macomb.

David Brockway Walnut Grove.

James Robinson Bethel.

George W. Neece Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

Ephraim Dice Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lanioine.

Rutherford McClure Tennessee.

J. E. K. Carlisle Hire.

Rigdon Huston Blandinsville.

Samuel Frost Macomb city

W. C. McLeod still presiding.
1874.

Isaac Chandler Eldorado,

J. L. Epperson New Salem.

Joseph Shannon Mound,

J. N. Devore Bushnell.

D. M. Wyckoff Bushnell.

C. C. Hays Prairie City.

Charles R. Shannon Industry.

L. F. Smith Scotland.

C. V. Chandler Macomb city.

C. N. Harding Macomb city.

Foster Dobbins Macomb.

David Brockway Walnut Grove.

William Twaddle Bethel.

Robert L. Howell Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

Ephraim Dice Sciota

John W. Hendricks Lamoine.

John Myers Tennessee.

Samuel Logan Hire.

Rigdon Huston Blandinsville.

First meeting held on the 13th of
July, when W. C. McLeod was re-elected

chairman.

1875.

The first meeting was held July 12,
when the board elected Joseph Shannon
as chairman. The members were as
follows :

J. P. Marshall Eldorado.

John Watson Scotland.

R. McClure Tennessee.

Thomas Cline Macomb.

C. V. Chandler Macomb city.

W. H. Hainline Macomb city.

John W. Tipton .... Sciota.

A. W. Holstine Bethel.

G. W. Closson Prairie City.

J. C. Cadwalader Bushnell.

D. M. Wyckoff Bushnell.

D. Brockway Walnut Grove.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

W. Robinson Lamoine.

George M. Thompson Chalmers.

Samuel Logan Hire.

W. H. Taylor Industry.

W. W. Gillihan Blandinsville.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

J. L. Epperson New Salem.

1876.

J. T. Marshall -.' Eldorado.

S. Pontious New Salem.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

E. D. C. Hains Bushnell.

J. L. Anderson Bushnell.

G. W. Closson Prairie City.

William Kinkade ........ Industry

Jonas Ringer Scotland.

W. H. Hainline Macomb city.

Thompson Chandler Macomb city.

N. H. Jackson Macomb.

A. W. Holstine ... Bethel.

G. W. Thompson Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

J. W. Tipton Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoiue.

John Myers Tennessee.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

219

W. D. Welch Hire.

S. J. Grigsby Blandinsville.

R. A. Morris Walnut Grove.

Mr. McLeod still presiding as chair-
man.

1877.

A. J. Herron Eldorado.

A. Powers New Salein.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

J. C. Cadwalader . .' Bushnell.

L. S. Mills Bushnell.

A. T. Irwin Prairie City.

\Villiam Kinkade Industry.

John Barclay Scotland.

W. H. Hainline Maconib City.

James Gamage Maconib City.

N. H. Jackson Maconib.

R. A. Morris Walnut Grove.

W. H. Nankeville Bethel.

R. L. Howell Chalmers.

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

Evan Rogers Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

H. L. Rapelji Tennessee.

Allen Stookey Hire.

S. J. Grigsby Blandinsville.

First meeting held July 9, when W.
H. Hainline was elected chairman for

the ensuing year.

1878.

First meeting was held July 8,and W.
C. McLeod was chosen chairman for the
ensuing year. The following composed
the board:

J. P. Marshall Eldorado.

Abram Powers New Salem.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

C. C. Morse Bushnell.

J. H. Graham Prairie City.

William Kinkade Industry.

John Barclay Scotland.

B. R. Hampton Macomb city

Joseph Durr Macomb city.

N. H. Jackson Macomb.

Henry Mariner Walnut Grove

J. M. Dunsworth Bethel.

R. T. Howell Chalmers

W. C. McLeod Emmet.

Henry Robinson Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

A. G. Owen Tennessee.

Allen Stookey Hire.

H. Sappington . . Blandinsville.

J. C. Cadwalader Bushnell.

1879.

First meeting was held July 14, and
J. P. Marshall was elected chairman.
The following were the members of the
board:

J. P. Marshall Eldorado.

Abram Powers New Salem.

Joseph Shannon Mound.

J. C. Cadwalader Bushnell.

W. J. Frisbie Bushnell.

G. W. Hamilton Prairie City.

William Kinkade Industry.

Hugh Watson Scotland.

B. JR. Hampton Macomb city.

Joseph Durr Macomb city.

E. D. Stephens Macomb.

Henry Mariner Walnut Grove.

George Venard Bethel.

A. L. Howell Chalmers.

J. M. Chase . . Emmet.

J. S. Wallin Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

John Myers Tennessee.

Allen Stookey . . Hire.

H. Sappington , Blandiiisville.

1880.

First meeting held July 12, and' J. P.
Marshall elected chairman. The follow-
ing was the board:

J. P. Marshall Eldorado.

J. P. Wilt New Salem.

G. W. Solomon Mound.

J. C. Cadwalader Bushnell.

W. F. Frisbie Bushnell.

G. W. Hamilton Prairie City.

William Kinkade . . Industry.

Hugh Watson Scotland.

220

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

E. Pillsbury Macomb city.

John Scott Macomb city.

Jackson Kemble Macorab.

Henry Mariner Walnut Grove

D. H. Sterling Bethel.

Fred Newland Colchester.

George W. Kruse Chalmers.

T. M. Simmons Emmet.

J. R. Wallingford Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

J. B. Isom Hire.

H'. Sappington Blandinsville.

Reason Hooten Tennessee.

1881.

The first meeting was held July 11,
and J. Kimble was chosen chairman for
the ensuing year. The following is a
list of the members of the board:

J. N. Foster Eldorado.

J. J. Carlin New Salem.

G. W. Solomon Mound.

J. C. Cadwalader Bushnell.

Isaac Weaver -Prairie City.

William Kiukade Industry.

J. M. Rexroat Scotland.

Jackson Kimble Macomb

B. R. Hampton Macomb city.

L F. Campbell Macomb city.

Henry Mariner Walnut Grove.

G. G. Venard Bethel.

George W. Kruse Chalmers.

W. H. Weir . . . Colchester.

A. A. Adair ... Emmet.

J. L. Hardin Sciota.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

A. G. Owen Tennessee.

J. B. [som Hire.

G. S. Fuhr Blandiusville

1882.

First meeting held July 10, and on
organization, George W. Hamilton was
chosen chairman for the year. The
members were as follows:

J. N. Foster Eldorado.

J. J. Carlin New Salem.

William Stephens Mo*und.

J. C. Cadwalader Bushnell.

Henry Mariner Walnut Grove.

G. G. Venard Bethel.

J. W. B. Hamilton Hire.

J. W. Kruse . . Chalmers.

J. D. Trew Colchester.

T. G. Walker Scotland.

G. W. Hamilton Prairie City.

A. A. Adair Emmet.

William Kinkade ........... Industry.

G. 8. Fuhr Blandinsville.

A. G. Owens Tennessee.

John Wiley Macomb.

B. R. Hampton . . Macomb city.

J. T. Adcock Macomb city.

L. G. Reid Lamoine.

J. L. Yeast Sciota.

1883.

First meeting held July 9, and W. T.
Kinkade was elected chairman by the
following members:

J. P. Marshall . . Eldorado.

J. P. Wilt New Salem.

E. A. Boynton .... . . . . Prairie City.

W. T. Kinkade Industry.

Hugh Watson Scotland.

J. T. Adcock Macomb city.

Charles Imes Macomb city.

J. A. Carlin . Walnut Grove.

J. S. Baymiller : Bethel.

R. W. Saffle Chalmers.

D. A. Herlocker . . Sciota.

M. D. Wear Lamoine.

W. H. Weir Colchester.

J. R. Fisher Hire.

M. A. Terry Blandinsville.

William Stephens Mound.

A. E. Barnes Bushnell.

Julius Hartung Emmet.

William Cook . . , Tennessee.

1884.

First meeting was held July 14, and
G. G. Venard was chosen chairman.
The following constituted the board:

J. P. Marshall Eldorado.

J. P. Wilt . . New Salem.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

221

James Kepple -. . . Mound.

I. S. Mills .... Bushnell.

A. Mead Prairie City.

William Kinkade Industry.

Hugh Watson , Scotland.

C. I. Imes Macomb city.

Fred. Ralston Macomb city.

J. B. Bricker Macoinb.

G. G. Venard . . Bethel.

Robert Saffle Chalmers.

Julius Hartung Emniet.

James Statler Sciota.

William Robinson Lamoine.

William Cook Tennessee.

J. R. Fisher Hire.

M. A. Terry Blandinsville.

John Carlin . . .Walnut Grove.

CHAPTER XL

OTHER OFFICIAL MATTER

In this 'chapter it is designed to pre-
sent the various official matters, which,
although too brief to place in a chapter
separately, are too important to be
ignored. These items have been mostly
gathered from the records of the county,
although some have been gained in frag-
ments during interviews with those famil-
iar with the subject.

MATRIMONIAL.

This a matter which always attracts
attention when treated historically, and
is especially interesting to the younger
portion of the community, who, their
time not yet having come, still walk "in
maiden meditation fancy free," dream-
ing of the prince that will "a wooing"
come, or picture the charms of the future
mistress of their household.

In various lands the marriage rite is
solemnized in different ways and by dif-
ferent ceremonies; in all the acts of the

contracting parties must be understood
by each, and by the community in which
they live, as being a mutual agreement
to hold the relations toward one another
as man and wife. In this state a license
has always been required, although it is
not required in all the states, and thus
from the records we can trace all the
earlier marriages of the county.

In early days young men and maidens
were not married in the grand style
which usually characterizes the mar-
riages of the present period. They did
not wait until riches came before they
married, as is too much the case in this
money-loving age, but chose their mate
without regard to -this point and settled -
down to live in simple and comfortable
style, and they generally lived happily
and gained the respect of their neighbors
by attending to their own business.
There were no "diamond weddings" in
those days, and the extravagance that

222

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

now often attends the marriage ceremony
was then unheard of. The old folks were
plain, economical and hospitable people,
and the young folks were imbued with
the same attributes that characterized
their fathers and mothers. They were
willing to commence housekeeping in a
style corresponding with their means,
trusting to the future for larger houses
and more expensive furniture.

There are many rich anecdotes of the
rustic marriages in early days, but where
possible they are treated of in connection
with the history of the townships in
which they occurred. How, when the
time came, the blushing and rosy maid
would drop her milk pails, throw off her
apron and tying on her sunbonnet, clam-
ber into the lumber box wagon, while
"John" in his overalls and farm boots
would take up the whip, and the oxen
would move off with the bridal proces-
sion to the "Squire's" who did the "jin-
ing of the knot."

Among the amusing stories told of
some parties in the county, away back
in the misty past, is one where a country
couple made their way to one of the in-
cipient villages in the county in quest of
some one who was authorized to tie the
hymeneal knot. They went to a young
storekeeper, who, in the way of a prac-
tical joke, referred them to the postmas-
ter, stating that the government author-
ized him to officiate upon such occasions.
When the postmaster -was seen he dis-
claimed any knowledge of such author-
ity, and said that he had only been in the
employment of the government a short
time and was not yet "quite up to snuff."
But if the merchant said he could, he
supposed it was so. Accordingly the

couple were ranged up in front of the
postmaster, who in the most approved
style impressed them with the solemnity
of the occasion, warned them to "let no
man put asunder what he had jined,"
and in closing pronounced them "Mr.
and Mrs., as provided by the United
States- postal regulations. Go your way,
keep your mouths shut, and you'll be
happy." As they turned to leave, he re-
marked, "only a dollar a piece, please."

There were several marriages in the
county, previous to its organization, but
of which there is no record, the parties
having to go to other places for their
license; for an account of these, the
reader is referred to the chapter on early
settlement, and the various township
histories.

The first marriage of record in McDon-
ough county was that which united the
future destinies of John Wyatt and Bet-
sey Massengale, the license for which
was issued August 19, 1830. The mar-
riage occurred August 21st of this year;
solemnized by Rev. John Baker.

The second marriage in the county, as
appears from the records, was that of
James Lee and Sarah Reno. "The license
was issued January 5, 1831, the mar-
riage ceremony being performed the fol-
lowing day by James Vance, justice of
the peace.

The third marriage was that of Dotson
Seybold and Polly Hardesty, March 24,
1831. The ceremony was performed by
Robert Long, elder of the Christian
church.

The fourth license was issued May 18,
1831, to Elias H. Branden and Jane
Kennedy. The ceremony was performed
two days later by Rev. John Baker.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

223

The following parties constitute the
remainder to whom license WBS granted
during the year 1831 :

Eli Harp and Lucinda Broogan, June
1 ; married by Rev. John Baker, June 2.

James Vance and Helen A. Miller,
August 24; married August 25th by Rev.
Samuel Bogart.

Thomas Bridges and Frances Miller,
August 24; married August 25th, by
James Vance, justice of the peace.

Jeremiah G. W. Tate and Polly Scog-
gin, October 11; married October 13, by
Enoch Cyrus, justice of the peace.

Henderson H. Hardesty and Laura A.
Bagley, October 11; married October 13,
by Rev. J. G. W. Tate.

Thomas Coffman and Allie Seybold,
October 11 ; married October 13, by Rev.
J. G. W. Tate.

David Detherow and Ruth Southward,
October 18; married October 18, by Rev.
Samuel Bogart.

Larkin Osborne aud Delilah Belyin,
December 20; married December 25th,
by James Vance, justice of the peace.

Thomas Huddleston'and Anna Canna-
day, December 22; married December
22, by Jacob T. Reno, justice of the
peace.

License was issued to the following
named parties during the year 1832:

William Shannon and Polly Miller,
January 9; married January 12.

James B. Tomberlin and Clara Hays,
January 7; married January 12.

Nicholas J. Hays and Mana Head,
February 28; married March 1.

Philip T. Cordier and Julia Head,
April 9; married April 26.

Alexander Lee and Margaret G. Hud-
dleston, May 19; married May 20.

Berry Jones and Betsey, Wyatt, June
8; married June 10.

William Barber and Eleander Wells,
June 20; married June 23.

John M. McFadden and Parmelia
McNight, July 1; married July 1.

Nicholas Campbell and Mary McGee,
July 13; married July 13.

James Cyrus and Margaret Duncan,
September 1 ; married September 16.

Thomas W. Pickett and Mary F. An-
derson, Octobe'r 8; married October 9.

The following named were licensed to
marry during the year 1833 :

Peter D. Smith and Jane F, Darby-
shire, February 8; married, February 14.

John Jackson and Elizabeth J. Metcalf,
March 4; married, March 6,

Nicholas R. Teas and Charlotte M.
Averill, March 6; married, March 7.

Williamson Forgusson and Cassenda
Morris, April 4; married April 11.

William McDonald and Nancy Hays,
April 8; married April 11.

W. C. Rells and Emma Woodward,
May 2; married same day.

Richard S. Lowe and Eliza M. Ander-
son, May 7: married same day.

Michael C. Harris and Sarah E. Dar-
byshire, May 16; married, May 29.

David G. McFadden and Darcus
Bowen, May 16; married same date.

W. A. Walker and Mahala A. Camp-
bell, July 30; married, August 1.

John L. Russell and Mary Willis,
October 2.

John Scott and Mary Duncan, Nov-
vember 2 ; married, November 7,

Charles Duncan and Darcus Coffman,
November 2; married, November 10.

Thomas J. Davis and Parmelia Job,
November 16; married November 24.

224

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

David Metcalf and Dorcas Dougherty,
November 21 ; married, November 24.

Moses J. Wallis and Susan Monk,
December 2; married, December 5.

The marriage licenses issued during
the year 1834, were to the following par-
.ties:

F. C. Tomberlin and Matilda Coker,
January 11.

Richard Pennington and Delia Shan-
non, January 28.

Morgan Jones and Elizabeth Osborn
February 19.

Charles Hungate and Catharine Halo,
March 11.

L. H. Robinson and Abagail Danle-
son, March 13.

Andrew H. Walker and Jane L. Camp-
bell, March 19.

James Osborn and Ruth Smith, May
14.

William Stults and Jane Gearheart,
September 6.

James M. Hendricks and Elizabeth
Bristow, September 7:

John Long and Corintha Twitchell,
September 8.

Charles Bradshaw and Anna Cyrus,
October 2.

John Dill and Nellie Clinkenbread,
October 3,

Wylie McFadden and Nancy Mc-
Fadden, October 8.

John H. Beagles and Mary A. Stapp,
October 21.

Jonathan Ratican and Nancy Cannon,
October 22.

Hezekiah Cain and Irene Woodward,
October 26..

Allen Isaacs and Elizabeth Barber,
October 31.

Reuben Harris and Mary Marlow,
November 11.

Nelson Montgomery and Cynthia A.
Walker, November 18.

Thomas W. Hunt and Nancy A. Ar-
cher, November 19.

Jackson Clinkenbread and Mary A.
Metcalf, December 5.

John W. Westfall and Icemenda
Neece, December 15.

Lemuel Bates and Priscilla Jones,
December 20.

James C. Head and Sarah A. Ander-
son, December 29.

It is curious to note the fluctuations
of the matrimonial market as shown by
the foregoing table; how the state of the
times causes a falling off or an increase
of the number. In 1862, the war caused
the usual depression in the number of
matrimonial ventures, and kept it at a low
ebb until 1864, when it began to increase
as the "boys came marching home." In
1866, when all the battle-scarred veter-
ans had returned, the market jumped to
an abnormally high condition, and which
it kept for some years.

RECOEDS.

The first deed recorded upon the books
of the county bears the date of April 8,
1830, and was made by Joel Moore and
Sally Moore,his wife, convey ing the north
west quarter of section 17, in township
4 north, range 3 west, 160 acres, to John
I. Foster, for the consideration of $100.
The instrument was acknowledged be-
fore James D. Morrison, a justice of the
peace in and for Morgan county, Illinois,
and was filed for record on the 13th of
April, 1831, by Jas. M. Campbell, clerk
of the circuit court and county recorder.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

227

The first county warrant issued by the
newly organized comity of McDonough,
bears the date of September 7, 1830,
and was for the amount of one dollar,
and in favor of William McDonald. It
was a payment -for services as judge of
election. Nos. 2 and 3 were for the
same amounts, issued the same day to
Ephraim .Perkins and George Dowell,
for the same service.

The first will entered for record was
that of Henry Foster, who died in De-
cember, 1832. The will was presented
for probate March 4, 1833, before Wil-
liam Willis, at that time probate justice.
A note appended to the record shows
that the personal property of the de-
ceased amounted to $268.05.

c TOWN PLATS.

The plats of the original towns in the
county were filed for record on the dates
given below. To nearly all of them
many additions have since been made,
but space forbids the mention of them,
and as they are a matter of record it is
useless.

Macomb, or as it was then spelled,
"McComb," was filed for record upon
the 26th of April, 1831, by McDonough
county, represented by James Clarke,
James Vance and John Hardesty, county
commissioners.

Doddsville was filed for record July
7, 1836, by Samuel Dodds and Paris
Wheeler.

Seawardsville, filed for record August
24, 1836, by William Seaward.

Middletown, filed March 22, 1837, by
James Edmoiiston and John Patrick.

Blandmsville, filed March 16, 1842, by
Joseph L. Blandin.

Hill's Grove, filed April 20, 1844, b
Isaac Holton.

Tennessee, filed April 5, 1854, by
Thomas K. Waddill, Joseph B. Bacon
and Stephen Cockerham.

Bushnell, filed for record upon the
29th of August, 1854, by Iverson L.
Twyman, David P. Wells and John D.
Hail.

Bardolph, filed September 1, 1854, by
George W. Parkinson, W. H. Randolph,
W. C. Chambers and Charles Chandler.

Prairie City, filed October 11, 1854,
by Edwin Reed.

Colchester, filed November 22, 1855,
by Lewis H. Little and Charles A. Gil-
christ.

Industry, filed July 30, 1856, by Wil-
liam R. Downen.

Chester, filed September 15, 1856, by
N. I. Hayes, W. Hathaway, C. C. Chan-
dler and S. B. Kyle.

Colmar, filed June 26, 1858, by Wil-
liam W. Graves.

New Philadelphia, filed September 22,
1859, by Lloyd Thomas.

Sheridan, filed July 19, 1867, by
Thomas Morris.

Clarksville, (now Sciota) filed for
record by W. B. Clarke, December 23,
1867.

Grant, filed for record by James H.
Langsford, February 15, 1869.

Reedyville, filed August 9, 1870, by
John H. Reedy and Jacob Grim.

COURT HOUSE.

As has been already mentioned, the
first place used as a court house in the
county of McDonough, was the log cabin
of John Baker, on the site of the city of
Macomb, for which the county gave him

228

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

two lots in that embryo city as rent. At
a meeting of the county commissioners,
held on the 12th day of April, 1831, the
subject of building a court house was
raised and after considerable discussion,
it was agreed to build such an edifice.
This was a hewed log affair 18x20 feet in
ground area, and was erected, by con-
tract, by William Southward for $69.50.
A description of this building is given
in the chapter in relation to county gov-
ernment, on page 205. This building
answered the purpose for which it was
erected for a couple of years, but in
March, 1833, the building of a new court
house was determined upon. This was
to be of brick and two stories in height.
In answer to an advertisement inserted
in the Jacksonville Patriot, in March,
1833, for plans and specifications, several
such were received and opened at the
meeting of the commissioner's court in
May of that year, and one of which was

adopted. It was then.

"Ordered, That the following be the plans

of a court house in and for the county of Mc-
Donough, viz: the foundation walls of stone,
forty-six feet four inches square, and two
feet thick and three feet high; one foot above
the surface of the earth; which foundation
shall be made of stone, range work above the
ground, and to show a smooth face or front,
nicely hewed, and laid in lime and sand
mortar; also two division stone walls (of the
same as above) twelve by twenty feet in the
west end, that being the northwest and
southwest corners of said building, which
walls are to be eighteen inches thick, three
feet high, one foot above the surface of the
earth; there will be a wall extending from
the corners of each of the jury or small rooms
to the east end of the building, at parallel
lines with the outside foundation wall, same
depth in the ground, and only to come to the

surface of the earth, eighteen inches thick,
laid in lime and sand mortar; walls made of
firat rate brick and other suitable materials,
40 feet square, lower story 18 inches thick
and 14 feet high; upper story to be
13 inch walls and 12 feet high; the small
rooms, inside wall, to be 13 inch walls;
on the outside an oval and round
cornice of brick; one circular top door frame
four feet by eight and a half feet in the clear,
with panel work, and glass on each side and
above, placed in the north, south and west
centers of the walls of the house; a window
placed six feet above the judge's seat, and
36 window frames, 16 of which in the lower
story and 20 in the upper, each to contain 12
panes of glass 12 by 18 inches, at equal dis-
tances, to be proportionate,and to have above
each a double arch (13 inches) finished off
smooth. The frame of the cupola to be run
up through the center of the house-top; in
the corners of the house, on ttie lower floor,
will be a fire place of convenient size, and
above, in the jury rooms, in the northwest
and southwest corners, a small fire place,
aud in the northeast corner, above the gal-
lery, will be left a space and flue for a stove
pipe; chimneys to be run o"ut five feet above
each corner of said building; the short joist
will be three by ten inches; the long joist
four by ten inches; making a round founda-
tion for a circular cupola 10 feet in diameter,
three feet above the roof, and closed in so as
to make a roof to keep out the rain; a square
roof,with aneave all around, sheeting jointed,
and laid close, and with good and sufficient
and suitable jointed shingles, 18 inches long,
and to show six inches; all of which work
shall be done in work-like manner; and the
timber of said building shall be of the most
suitable kind; the sills of the windows and
doors are to be of black walnut, three inches
thick, and of sufficient width; the walls to be
jointed and penciled; which shall be adver-
tised by the clerk in the Jacksonville paper
(Patriot) three insertions; to be let to the Jow-
est bidder on the first Monday of June next;
which building is to be completed according

HISTOE.Y OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

229

to the contract on or before the first day of
November, 1834.

An advance of one-fourth of the bid will be
made to- the undertaker so soon as com-
menced, in order to carry on the building,
one-fourth to be paid when the contract is
half done, one-fourth when the contract is
completed and received, and one-fourth at
the expiration of nine months from the time
the contract and work is received by the
county commissioners' court. Bond, with
approved security or securities, will be re-
quired to be given in a penalty of double the
amount of the undertaker's bid, which pen.
alty will be required as a forfeiture in case
the contract is not complied with in every
respect.

A committee consisting of Moses
Heaton, James Clarke and Benjamin T.
Naylor, were appointed to superintend
the erection of the building.

The contract for the stone and brick
work was awarded to George Miller and
John T. Bishop, who had bid $2,498.
They, at once, entered upon their labor
and in a short time they had their part
finished.

In the month of September, 1835, a
further contract was made by the county
with Morris Eoberts and David F. Martin
to complete the inclosure of the building
for the sum of $1,334. This part of the
work was finished and accepted in the
spring of 1836. A further contract was
made with Benjamin T. Naylor, and
Robert A. Brazleton for the completion
of the wood-work for $4,000, thus mak-
ing the entire cost of the building $1,832.
This structure stood in the center of the
square and in it were held all the meet-
ings of the county commissioners, the
county court, the board of supervisors
and the circuit court and for all county
purposes. In 1860, C. L. Higbee was

making a political speech in the court
room, the walls made an ominous noise,
cracking audible, which caused an im-
mediate stampede. In a moment's time
he had naught but empty benches for
an audience. For the next six years the
building was but little used, Campbell's
Hall being secured and used for court
purpose.

' In May, 1863, James M. Campbell
was appointed by the board to confer
with the council of the city of Macomb
in reference to the subject of a new
building, the board being of the opinion
that "the city ought to contribute liber-
ally in the construction of a new court
house." At the September meeting of
the board Mr. Campbell reported, and a
communication was also received from a
special committee appointed by the
council declining to take action in the
matter at that time for certain reasons
therein set forth. The communication
from the city council was answered, set-
ting forth the necessity for a new court
house and stating that nothing would be
done unless the city should do its part.
On Saturday, September 19, 1863, at
the regular session of the board of
county supervisors, B. R. Hampton of-
fered the following resolution, which was
adopted:

"Resolved, That this board offer for' the
best plan of a new court house, to be erected
in the city of Macomb. together with its esti-
mated cost, the sum of twenty- five dollars;
for the second best plan, etc., the sum of fif-
teen dollars; and for the third best plan, etc.,
the sum of ten dollars; said plans to be sub-
mitted to this board at its next December
meeting, to be then determined by the board,
and that the clerk be directed to give public
notice of these several propositions of the
board."

230

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Under this resolution, on the 23d of
December, of the same year, a plan for
the proposed court house was presented
by W. C. McLeod, and there being no
others^ he was awarded the first prize.
The plan somehow does not seem to have
been adopted and the subject seems to
have evaporated in talk.

At the September term, 1864, of the
board of supervisors, a resolution was
presented and adopted, requesting the
member of the general Assembly repre-
senting McDonough county, to urge the
passage of an act authorizing the county
to issue bonds to the amount of $50,000,
to raise funds toward building a new
court house. And at the March term,
1865, the board appointed a committee
of three to confer with a like committee
from the council of Macomb, in regard
to the location of the proposed edifice.
Nothing came of the conference and the
subject again was dropped. All this
time each session 'of the grand jury was
condemning, as unsafe, the building
then in use.

In the spring of 1866, the walls of the
court house were patched up and the
building again used. It was never re-
garded safe, however, and the crowds
assembled there were always in fear the
walls would give way and destruction
would be their doom. In consequence
of this state of affairs the sheriff and
bailiffs could never keep order, and the
patience of the judge was sorely tried.
On the least noise being heard, the
timid would precipitately retire from the
room. The judge could stand it no
longer, so, in 1868, he publicly declared
that McDonough county must have a
new and better court house. At the

September meeting of the board there-
after, George A. Taylor, the supervisor
from Industry township, offered the fol-
lowing resolution, which was adopted :

WHKKEAS, It is apparent to all candid-
minded men that the safety of our land re-
cords, upon which the title to the laud of all
our citizens rests, and of the records of both
our circuit and county courts, as well as tiie
board of supervisors, upon the preservation
of which depends vast public aiid private
rights of the whole body of the people of the
county, now rendered the more striking from
their narrow escape from destruction by the
elements,and the dilapidated and crumbling
condition of our present court house; by
many deemed not only unsafe for the people
to meet in while the courts are being held,
but, as all know, wholly inadequate to ac-
commodate the jurors and others connected
with the administration of justice, absolutely
demands the laying aside all local feeling
and prejudice, but acting solely upon a high
sense of duty to the people of the whole
county that we should at once proceed to
take the necessary steps to build a court
house adequate for the wants of the large and
daily increasing population of our county,
and a safe depository of its public records and
archives; therefore,

Resolved, That it is the sense of this board
that measures l,e taken at its present meeting
to secure, with as little delay as possible, the
building of a suitable court house in this
county.

S. A. White, the representative from
the township of Tennessee, submitted
the following resolution, which was also
adopted :

Resolved, That this board appoint L. G.
Reid a committee to procure plans and speci-
fications for the erection of a new court house
in McDonough county, and the probable
cost of the same; and to confer with the city
council of Macomb, or others, for the pur-
pose of knowing the amount said city or

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

231

others will appropriate to build said house;
and to leport to this board, at an adjourned
meeting of said board, to be held on the first
Monday iu October next, atone o'clock P. M.

At tliis time there existed a strong
feeling, both among the members of the
board of supervisors and their constitu-
ents, the people of the county at large,
that as the city of Macomb would reap
many of the advantages of having the
court house erected within its limits,
that that city should contribute a con-
siderable sum toward the building of
the same. At a meeting held in Octo-
ber, 1868, Supervisor .James A. Mustin,
of Blandinsville, offered the following,
which was adopted by the board:

Resolved, That this board refuse to erect a
court house in the city of Macomb until said
city become legally obligated to donate in aid
of the construction of the same twenty thou-
sand dollars.

A new committee having been appoin-
ted to confer with the city council of
Macomb, met with that body and after
an extended conference, presented their
report to the boaed. It seems by this
that the council had voted to donate the
sum of $15,000 but refused to give one
dollar more, and as the board would not
recede from its demand for the $20,000
there was imminent danger of the whole
thing falling through or that the seat of
government of the county would be
taken to some other- place, especially as
the city of Bushnell was anxious to have
the honor of being the county'seat, and
were making great efforts for the re-
moval. At this juncture, that public
spirited citizen of Macomb, N. P. Tins-
ley, stepped into the breach and appear-
ing before the city council, agreed to

guarantee the extra five thousand dol-
lars demanded by the board of super-
visors, giving the city his obligation for
that amount, provided the " city fathers "
would accede to the demands of the
county board. This settled the matter
and upon the 8th of October, 1868, the
following agreement was made and sign-
ed by the respective parties:

This agreement made this eighth day of
October, 1868, between the city of Macomb,
McDonough county, Illinois, by Joseph P.
Updegraff, mayor, and William E. Withrow,
clerk of said city,agents of said city, duly ap-
pointed by the city council of said city for
this purpose, and the county of McDonough
aforesaid, by J.B. Kyle, chairman, appointed
the agent of the board of supervisors of said
county for the said purpose of the second
part, wituesseth, that, whereas, the board of
supervisors of said county have in contem-
plation the erection of a court house and jail
for said county, and the parties therein hav-
ing had mutual propositions involving the
location of said house on certain conditions
in the city of Macomb, aforesaid, which have
been accepted by the parties, it is hereupon
agreed as follows, to-wit: That the board of
su pervisors will erect a court house in the
city of Macomb at such point as the said
board may determine, with which the said
board may, if they see fit, combine a jail for
said county, the said court house with or
without said jail to cost not less than sev-
enty-five thousand dollars, and to be under-
taken and completed iu a reasonable time. It
is moreover agreed that the said board shall
at this present session levy, and when the
ordinary taxes for said county are collected
for the current year, they shall cause to be
collected towards the erection of said build-
ing the sum of one per cent, on the assessed
property of said county. Also it is agreed
that they shall take steps to carry forward
the said building as fast as the lateness of the
season, and the extent of the enterprise will
reasonably allow.

232

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

In consideration of said agreement it is
also hereby agreed on the part of said city
that there shall be paid by the said city to
the said county for said purpose, in addition
to the share of taxes laid by the said board
on the property in said city, the sum of
twenty thousand dollars, in three equal pay-
ments; the first, ou the first day of May, 1869;
the second on the first day of May, 187C; and
the third, on the first day of May, 1871.

It is also agreed that should the said city
pay the whole or any pait of said moneys in
manner as agreed, and the said board for any
cause should fail to complete the said house
in a reasonable time, or should abandon the
enterprise, that whatever the said city may
have advanced in the enterprise shall be re
funded to the city : provided, however, this
"reasonable time" is not to be construed so
as to hurry the said board faster than a due
regard to the quality of the building, the ex-
tent of the building, and the ordinary mode
of erecting similar buildings of good grade in
other counties of the state, will allow.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set
our hands and seal, the day and year just
above written.

J. P. UPDEGKAFF,
Mayor of the city of Macomb.

W. E. WITHROW,
Clerk of the city of Macomb.

J. B. KYLE,
Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of

McDonough county, Illinois.

This settled the question of the erec-
tion of a new court house in the city of
Macomb and in furtherance of the mat-
ter, L. G. Reid, who was appointed a
committee for that purpose, advertised
for plans and specifications for the build-
ing, and one submitted by E. E. Myers,
of Springfield, Illinois, seeming to meet
the views of the board it was adopted.
Rooms were now rented in Bailey's
block, on the northeast corner of the
square, for the convenience of the county
officers, who immediately moved thereto.

The work of demolishing the old build-
ing was at once commenced and soon it
was a thing of the past, and the square
cleared and the ground made ready for
the new structure. Bids from contrac-
tors and builders were now solicited and
upon the 29th of December, 1868, at an
adjourned meeting of the board, propo
sals from nine different parties were
opened and discussed. The parties with
the amount of their bids was as follows:

B. F. Bushnell & Co f 160,000

Deakman & Messenger 165,768

D. J. Silver . . . 147,500

Same (modified) 133,650

A. Walbaum & Co 156,000

Mahannah & Dey 125,000

W. A. Williamson . . 146,300

C. R. Underwood & Bro 159,250

Same (modified) 141,000

Martin & Thomas 145,000

W. D. Richardson 140,000

Same (modified) 142,600

In none of these cases were the figures
satisfactory, so the board, falling back
upon its reserved rights, rejected them
all. A strong effort was made to build
the court house according to the plans
and specifications of the architect, the
county being its own contractor. After
some discussion, a resolution to that
effect was offered by L. G. Reed, of La-
moine, but it was not adopted. Adver-
tisement was again made for proposals,
and the time set for the opening of the
same was the 2d of February, -1869. On
that day the board met and the following
bids were received:

D. J. Silver $129,900

William Young 110,000

Walbaum & Co 129,000

Deakman & Messenger 143,620

Johnson & Askew 137,000

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

233

Richardson 188,750

Mahanuah & Dey 186,000

Peter Burns 137,000

Martin & Thomas ........... 139,750

Underwood & Co 143,800

A petition was presented at this meet-
ing, signed by sundry citizens of the
county, praying the board not to expend
more than $75,000 in the erection of the
court house. A committee was appoint-
ed to act upon the same, who reported to
the board, that recognizing the right of
citizens to be heard, they would report
it "inexpedient to go back on our work
and open the door for new litigation,"
and that they were satisfied that a good
fire-proof building, suitable for the pur-
poses of the county, could not be built
for that amount.

The bids being duly examined by the
board, that of Walbaum & Co., of Chicago,
was adopted as being the lowest and
best.

Immediately upon the acceptation of
their proposals, the above firm entered
into contract with the county for the
erection of the building, and proceeded
with the work. L. G. Reid, was selected
by the board, at a salary of $1,200 per
year, to superintend its construction and
entered zealously upon the discharge of
his duties.

The contract called for the completion
of the building by the 1st of November,
1870, but owing to unforeseen delays it
was not finished until the summer of
1872. The building, which stands in the
center of the square, in the center of
the city of Macomb, is surrounded with
a nerat iron fence. The lawn around it
is well sodded and planted with trees

and sets off the building to great advan-
tage. A handsome illustration of this
magnificent edifice is found in the first
pages of this work.

The building is of modern style of
architecture, and is three stories in height
above the basement. The basement
story is built of Sagetown limestone,
which gives the structure the appear-
ance of solidity, and is in beautiful con-
trast with the red brick with which are
built the exterior walls of the main and
second stories. The openings and cor-
ners of the building are also trimmed
with the same kind of stone. The out-
side walls of the fourth, or entresol,
story are covered with slate and the roof
with tin. The roof, which is Mansard,
presents a neat appearance, and is ele-
gantly trimmed with cast-iron trim-
mings.

There are four entrances leading into
the corridors of the main story, one in
the center of either side, and one in each
end. Each of these open from a portico
constructed from iron and stone, and
reached by fine, wide stone steps. Under
each portico, except the one on the north,
and directly below the main entrances,
are openings leading into the halls of
the basement. The building is sur-
mounted by a fine belfry, which rises
from the west end. It contains a large
{own clock, the bell of which, weighing
15,000 pounds, peels forth the hours as
they pass. On four sides, and in plain
view from all points, are large dials,
with huge hands pointing to the hour
and minute. The entire frame work of
the belfry is constructed of wrought
iron. From this belfry a fine view is
obtained of the surrounding country for

234

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

many miles, it being the highest availa-
ble point in the county.

The ground plan of the building is 114
feet long, by 72 wide. The front walls
are broken by projections forming an ir-
regular outline. Large halls pass
through the basement and main stories.
The floors of the halls in the basement
are made of stone, while those in the
first and second stories are marble tiling,
12 inches square. The partition walls,
with few exceptions, are made of brick,
upon which rests heavy wrought iron
beams and joints for the support of the
floors. The ceilings are of corrugated
iron, painted white. The halls are wains-
cotted throughout with black walnut and
ash. The doors are large and heavy and
made of ash, with black walnut trim-
mings, while the inside window shutters
and casings are of the same materials.

In the center of the south side, lead-
ing from the basement to the fourth
floor is a broad, iron stairway, while one
in the west end of the building, south of
the main entrance, leads from the base-
ment to the third floor. Leading from
the fourth floor to the balcony of the
belfry is an iron spiral stairway.

In the basement is the room for the
engine used for heating purposes, fuel
and storage rooms, water closets and
bath-rooms. The main floor has com-,
modious apartments for the county
judge, county and circuit clerks, sheriff,
treasurer, and school superintendent,
wdth fireproof vaults for public records.
On the third floor are several good offices,
the private room of the circuit judge,
office of the county surveyor, jury
room, also the circuit court room, which
occupies the eastern portion of the

second and third stories. This room is
quite large, with ample provision for the
bar, witnesses, jury and spectators, being
seated with about 400 arm chairs. The
rooms in the upper story are used prin-
cipally for storage purposes. There are
in the entire building 34 rooms, all of
which are heated by stearn, the principal
rooms being provided, in addition, with
fireplaces and mantles. Its ventilation
is good and throughout it is supplied
with all the modern improvements.
Take it all in all, the structure is one of
the finest and best in the state, used for
a like purpose, and every resident of the
county -feels a just pride of ownership
in the edifice. Within its fireproof
walls the many valuable public records
are safe from the demon of fire, and
security is felt on that score. The total
cost of the building when completed,
furniture and all, was as follows, al-
though some money has been expended
since in slight additions and repairs :-

Contractor's price $129,000

Heating apparatus 5,650

Furniture 5,777

Fence 6,289

Drainage 2,608

Architect 1,800

Superintendent 3,427

Bell 651

Lightning rods 168

Total $155,370

As has been said, the plan was the
work of E. E. Myers, of Springfield, the
contractors, A. Walbaum & Co., of
Chicago, but the humbler sub-contrac-
tors should also be named in this con-
nection. These were Martin and Thomas,
of Macomb, carpenter and cabinet work;

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

235

Frank Whitson, plasterer; Ingram and
Argenbright, painters.

COUNTY JAIL.

No sooner was the county of McDon-
ough well supplied with the political
court house, that now adorns the square
in Macomb, than the attention of the
people was drawn to the dilapidated old
structure that but partially answered the
purpose of a jail. The structure first
built by the county, mention of which
has been made in the chapter relating to
county government, was a log one, which
was afterwards sold to the city of Ma-
comb, and used by the corporation as a
city jail or "calaboose." In 1856, this
structure being found to be too small, the
county court determined upon building
a new one, and contracts were immedi-
ately let, Hector McLean taking the stone
work, W. O. Thomas & Co., the brick
and wood work, and Ingram and Painter,
the painting. The total cost of the build-
ing when completed was in the neighbor-
hood of $3,500, but it proved more of a
nuisance than otherwise, as it lacked the
necessity of security. Prisoners were
continually breaking out, as it was no
great effort to do so, and great expense
was placed upon the county, as the inse-
curity of the building necessitated an al-
most constant guarding of those incar-
cerated therein. For twenty years this
was thus used, but at the expiration of
that time, the subject for a new jail com-
ing up for discussion, it was determined
to build one. In the beginning of the
year 1876, a committee was appointed to
visit Knox county and inspect the jail of
that county, and in making their report
to the board of supervisors they recom-

mended the adoption of a similar plan to
the jail they had seen, with some slight
modifications and improvements. This
meeting the views of the board, adver-
tisements inviting proposals for the
erection were inserted in newspapers of
the county, Chicago and Quincy, and in
the month of March, the bids were
opened and the lowest and best bid hav-
ing been made by J. M. Price & Co., of
Macomb, the contract was let to him, he
agreeing to turn over the finished build-
ing for $23,000. Without delay, the
work was commenced and soon finished.
The entire cost of the jail may be sum-
med up as follows :

Contractor's price $23,000 00

Lots oil which it is built .... 900 00
Barns, feuces, walls, etc 1,722 99

Total $25,622 99

The edifice is one of the ornaments of
the city of Macomb presenting in its
front view the appearance of a palatial
mansion of some railway magnate.
This front part is occupied by the sher-
iff and his family, the jail proper being
in the rear. The entire building is in
heighth two stories, with basement; the
front portion, or sheriff's residence, is 35
x42feet, the jail proper 35x40. The ar-
chitectural design is modern, very neat
and well proportioned, presenting, on the
whole, a light, cheerful appearance.
The basement is constructed of lime-
stone, with the exterior surface rough;
the walls of the main buildings are of
red brick, the openings being trimmed
with stone trimmings. In the sheriff's
residence are eight pleasant rooms, with
closets, wardrobes and halls. There are
three entrances, all leading into this
portion of the building. In the jail are

236

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

twenty-four cells, each 4-|x7 feet, and
seven in height, the walls of which are
of six-inch limestone flagging. The
cells are arranged in six tiers,, four in
length and three in height, one-half
opening toward the east and one-half
toward' the west, into corriders eleven
feet wide. The upper cells are reached
by stairway and balcony, which extends
in front of each tier. Beneath each of
the lower tier of cells are seven feet of
solid concrete. In the north end is the
prison dining hall, 12x35 feet. "* Separat-
ing the dining hall from the corridors
are partitions of seven-inch iron grating,
with an iron slide door, which is worked
from the hall of the dwelling. The
doors of the cells ar.e all locked from the
dining hall, so arranged that the sheriff
or attendants are not required to come
into contact Avith the prisoners. Above
the cells are two large iron tanks, capa-
ble of holding eighty barrels each, from
which the prisoners are supplied with
water for bathing purposes. In the din-
ing hall is a force pump leading from the
well,- which supplies drinking water.
Extending from the basement through
the roof is a ventilating flue, 3x4 feet,
with which each cell is connected, and
affording ample ventilation. The outer
door, leading from the dwelling to
the dining hall of the jail, is solid
wrought iron; the inner one a grated
Y iron door. The heating furnace
and fuel rooms occupy the basement. In
the rear portion of the second story of
the dwelling are the female and debtor
apartments, consisting of three large,
well lighted rooms. There is also in
this part the sleeping apartment of the
turnkey, and a large sized bath room.

The jail proper has a bath room also, for
the accomodation of the prisoners. A
large vault is in the main part, for the
storage of stolen property recovered.
The entire building is covered with a tin
roof, A neat iron fence 'surrounds the
lot on which it stands, which adds much
to its general appearance. The jail
proper was first occupied the latter part
of November, 1876, four prisoners being
taken there from the old jail. Sheriff
Hays took possession of the dwelling on
the first of January, 1877. All the
work, done by Price & Co., was in a
most excellent and workmanlike man-
ner, and deserves great credit.

COUNTY CHARITY.

Although the heart of every man in
the county beat in earnest sympathy
with the poor and destitute that lay
within his knowledge, and the hand of
pity and help was never withheld, in
time of need, from those who were in
want, it was for many years after the or-
ganization of the county ere its citizens
felt it just to themselves and others, to
provide a building to be used as a sanc-
tuary for the poor and friendless.
Many, having in mind the parish poor-
houses and " unions " of the old coun-
tries, shrank back with horror at the
idea, that any, in whom they felt an in-
terest should be doomed to inhabit a
place, within the cold and cheerless
walls of such an asylum. The large
and generous heart of the pioneer could
not tolerate it. Little did they feel that
many a waif, upon the broad and troub-
led sea of the world's bitter experience,
has hailed as a safe harbor, as a secure
haven, the much dreaded almshouse.

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

237

Perhaps it was owing, partially, to these
mistaken notions in regard to that noble
charity that so long delayed the erection
of the building. But let not those of
this later generation think that their
forefathers, and the early settlers here
were a people wanting in brotherly char-
ity. As early as 1836, measures were
taken looking to the relief of the nec-
essatious. The method of relief, the let-
ting out of the care of the unfortunate,
though not deemed the best now, went
far toward mitigating the sufferings of
the weary wight that had lost his all
through force of untoward circumstances ;
the widow and orphan struggling for the
daily crust of bread; the waif left to
live or die, as best it may. For many
years this system of relief was the only
one practiced, and as but few needed it,
it sufficed.

In 1855, the number of those seeking
help of the county, having grown so
large that a just regard for economy in-
duced the county government to buy a
farm on which to build an almshouse;
land in Macomb township was pur-
chased, and some improvements were
made. In the beginning of 1856, the
place was rented to John Scott, for one
year, he to pay $250 rent, and agreeing
to board and provide for all paupers
sent to the place by the proper authori-
ties. In September, 1857, on account of
the large amount of repairs necessary to
be made on the poor farm, an attempt
was made to sell a part of it. After
some time a little over eighty acres of it
was disposed of at $30 per acre. In
1862 or 63, the county changed its plan,
and kept the poor house on the plan
usually adopted,under a superintendent.

For some reason, but little attention was
paid to the county poor house by either
the people or the officers, and it became
dilapidated and almost ruinous, and was
quite unsightly and an eyesore to those
who took any interest in the county
matters. The state board of charities
having repeatedly referred to the mis-
erable condition of the almshouse of
McDonough county, the people were
aroused, and in 1884 determined to wipe
the reproach from off the bright escutch-
eon of the county's honor. The state
having appropriated some $5,000 toward
the repair of the old almshouse, "the
board of supervisors took into considera-
tion the advisability of building a new
one entirely, and finally on the 12th of
January, 1884, a contract was let to W.
O. Thomas, of Macomb, for the erection
of a fine new almshouse on the south-
east quarter of section 7, in Scotland
township, and work was at once com-
menced. The contract recites that the
building was to be finished by Novem-
ber 15, of the same year, but on account
of some changes- in the plan and other
causes, it was not completed until about
a month later. The architect, F. M.
Ellis, of Marshalltown, Iowa, was em-
ployed as the superintendent or overseer
of the work. The plan, which is entirely
original with Mr. Ellis, is unique and
elegant, and reflects great credit upon
him and upon the board of supervisors
who discriminated in its favor, among a
number of others submitted to them.

The building, which is in shape, the
half of a Greek cross, or of the letter
L, with both arms equal in length. The
two wings, which are each 30x56 feet in
ground area, two stories high, are united

238

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

at the angle by a central part three
stories high. In this loftier part is the
main entrance, the superintendent's
office, and a liaudsome suite of apart-
ments for the use of superintendent and
his family. 'The entire building which
is built of pressed brick, with cut stone
trimmings from the quarries at Joliet,
with the unique roof, called after Queen
Anne, presents a magnificent appear-
ance, and reflects credit upon all con-
cerned in its erection. At the first sight
no one would imagine the use that it is
put to, but rather incline to the belief
that it was some educational institution.
The building, in general, may be divided
into three separate, yet closely con-
nected divisions, and by the aid of strong
inner brick walls and heavy iron doors,
in case of fire can be completely isolated
one from the other. The basement,
which is under the entire building, is
built of blue limestone and is ten feet
high and contains the kitchen, in which
is a fine large improved range, pantry,
two dining halls, four bath rooms, with
hot and cold water, boiler room, water
closets, laundry and ten cells for the in-
sane wards of the county, four of these
cells have heavily grated windows, and
are otherwise fitted up for the reception
of those too violent in their manical
fury. Upon the next floor, is the super-
intendent's office, private sitting room,
kitchen, etc., in the central part, both
wings being devoted to the paupers ; upon
the second story are the dormitories. It
contains, in all, eighty-five rooms, and
has accommodations for 75 inmates.
Each room is well ventilated and heated
by steam,the boilers, Haxton's base bur-
ners, being placed in the basement. All

of the joists in the building are of first
class 2x10 lumber, the floors of clear
Alabama pine, and the finer woods used
in the stairways, balustrade, newel posts,
etc., of a species of redwood.

For ventilation, convenience, economy
of space, elegance of appearance the
edifice is not to be exceeded in the state.
Several sub-contracts were let by Mr.
Thomas, among which were the follow-
ing, which are given here that all may
have the honor due them for completing
this stately pile: F. W. Menke & Co.,
of Quincy, contract for stonework; John
Koneface, of the same place, for brick-
work; E. Best, also of Quincy, steam fit-
ting, plumbing, putting in range and
boilers; Sandmeyer & Co., of Peoria. for
ironwork, roof and cornice; Morris and
Leach, of Macomb, for painting. All
did their part well. The brick, or most
of them, of which it was built were man-
ufactured on the spot. The building
committee, who deserve to be compli-
mented for their able efforts towards its
completion, was composed of the follow-
ing gentlemen: A. E. Barnes, of Bush-
nell; W. Kinkade, of Industry; Hugh
Watson, of Scotland, and H. A. Max-
well, of Bardolph.

The house was erected at a cost of
some $24,000, and is said to be one of
the finest in the state.

In this connection it may be proper to
state that it is owing to the exertions of
A. E. Barnes, Hugh Watson, William
Kinkade, H. A. Maxwell and others in
the board ofsupervisors that the county
of McDonough can pride itself upon so
magnificent an edifice, for when the sub-
ject of building it was first mooted, a
strong opposition was developed. The

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

239

friends of the measure under the able
lead of Mr. Barnes, rallied to its sup-
port, and in the end carried the point
and the result is now before the people.
E. B. Knowles, the present superin-
tendent, is the best that this county ever
had in that position, and, in fact, has
but few peers anywhere. The cleanli-
ness, quietness, order and system that
prevades the house and grounds is re-
markable and is due to the executive
ability of that gentleman.

The following is the report of the
number of the inmates of the county
poor-house, made to the board of super-
visors, at their meeting, March 10, 1885,
by J. Kimble, county agent:

Whole number of inmates, 37; number
of males, 22; number of females, 15;
number of sane, 12; number of insane,
10 ; number of feeble minded, 15 ; number
of deaths from March 6, 1884, to date, 3 ;
average cost of maintainance per week,
$1.49.

CHAPTER XII.

POLITICAL.

It is the design to group in this
chapter all the items of interest con-
nected with the political history of Mc-
Donough county, the issues which occu-
pied the attention of the people during
the various campaigns since the organ-
ization of the county, so far as can be
learned, both general and local, and fol-
lowing this, an abstract of the votes
polled at every election. There is
always a fascination in the reading of
the political history of a nation, state or
country, and especially is this true in
our own free land, where, in the eyes
of the law, all are upon an equality;
where it has been shown that even the
hiimblest the rail-splitter, the tailor or
the tanner-boy can attain the highest
honor that can be bestowed upon

American citizen. It is delightful to
see merit thus rewarded, and we are
well pleased with the onward progress
of one from the humbler walks of life,
as step t by step, he mounts the ladder of
fame. Even if we fail of reaching the
highest pinnacle of fame ourselves, we
natter ourselves that possibly our chil-
dren may.

There is an excitement about a polit-
ical campaign which nearly all enjoy,
and, although to the disgrace of the
parties using, personalities are often in-
dulged in, as a general thing all yield
gracefully io the verdict of the people.
This speaks whole volumes in favor of
the American institutions.

The first election was held iu Mc-
Donough county on the 3d day of July,

240

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

1830, and was for county officers, to com-
plete and carry out the organization of
the county. Party lines were not drawn
and the election hinged chiefly upon
local issues. James Clarke, John Hard-
esty and James Yance were duly elected
county commissioners, William South-
ward, sheriff, and Peter Hale, 'coroner.

Politically, McDonough county has
always been considered one of the close
or doubtful ones of the state, neither
party being in sufficient strength to
claim it to a certainty. For the first
ten years of its existence party lines
were not drawn, the citizens of the
county exercising the rights of the elec-
tive franchise as each thought best for
his own interest, or the interest of the
country. The whig party, in general
elections, always carried the day, but in
local elections the best men were gener-
ally selected, regardless of whether they
favored the one party or the other. In
the selection of county commissioners
locality had more to do than anything
else; the county being divided into three
districts, each desired to be represented.

There is no record of any party caucus
or convention in this county, held pre-
vious to 1840, unless it might be said
that a meeting held in Middletown in
1838, by the democrats, in which an
effort was made to concentrate their
votes on Jesse Neece, one of their can-
didates for sheriff, could be called one.
At this election there were five candi-
dates for the office of sheriff, three dem-
ocrats and two whigs, and at this meet-
ing in Middletown it was hoped to effect
an arrangement by which Mr. Neece
could get the combined party strength.
The effort failed. The whigs generally

concentrated on William H. Eandolph
one of their candidates, and he. also be-
ing personally popular was elected, the
first whig ever elected to office in the
county.

In 1840, both the democratic and whig
parties held regular county conventions,
and nominated straight tickets, the first
regular party conventions ever held in
the county. This was the year of the
"hard cider campaign," one of the most
exciting political campaigns in the his-
tory of this country. Mass meetings
were held, in which the old log cabin,
representing the lowly origin of the whig
candidate for president, General Wil-
liam X H. Harrison, was carried around,
and hard cider flowed like water. The
same general interest and excitement that
prevailed elsewhere, were exhibited here.
Large gatherings of both parties were
held in various parts of the county, and
party feeling ran high. The whigs, on
the 4th of July, held a mass meeting
and barbecue in Macomb, and the dem-
ocrats denounced the act as a desecration
of the day, and a blight settling after-
wards upon the grove in which the meet-
ing was held, was said by them to be a
judgment of the Almighty against their
proceedings. The whigs charged the
democrats with being likewise guilty of
a desecration of the day, if it could be
so called, in holding a public meeting
in the vicinity of Spring creek. The
democrats vehemently denied its being
a political gathering, but only a meet-
f or the proper celebration of the nation's
birthday. After a most exciting time,
the whigs carried the county by majori-
ties ranging from twenty-five to forty-
five Colonel W. W. Bailey, candidate

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

241

for the legislature, receiving the former
majority, and General Harrison the lat-
ter. Martin VanBuren, of New York,
was the democratic candidate for the
presidency, but was defeated in the
county.

In 1842, the whigs again carried the
county, electing their whole ticket, by
majorities ranging from sixteen to
twenty-two, with the exception of coro-
ner, Charles Chandler being beaten by
Benjamin B. Head by twenty-two votes.

In 1843 the tide turned, and the dem-
ocracy carried the county by majorities
ranging from eleven to one hundred and
forty-five, excepting on county treasurer,
Iverson L. Twyinan, whig, being elec-
ted over Jesse M. Chapman, the demo-
cratic candidate, by one hundred and
seventeen votes. The cause of the lat-
ter's defeat was attributed to his being
a minister, of the gospel, there being a
prejudice in the minds of many against
voting for one of his class for an office.
At this election the interest all centered
in the candidates for congress, Cyrus
Walker, the representative of the whig
element, and James P. Hoge, the leader
of the democracy. The former lived, at
that time in the rising city of Macomb,
engaged in the profession of law, and
enjoyed a practice which extended over
the whole northwestern part of this state,
and over into Iowa. The Mormons, many
of whom had settled in Hancock county,"
held the balance of power in this district,
and in order to lure victory to their ban-
ners, it was necessary to have this Mor-
mon vote. Mr. Walker, was considered
by the whigs the best man to capture
their suffrages, having on one or two oc-
casions served Joseph Smith, the so-

called prophet, as counsel, and brought
the suits to a successful termination.
Joseph Smith the prophet, and George
Miller, a leading bishop in the church,
both wrote to Mr. Walker, urging him to
become a candidate and pledging him
the Mormon vote. The latter of these
was formerly an elder in the Presbyterian
church, at Macomb, and well acquainted
with Mr. Walker. Thus solicited, Mr.
Walker became a candidate and enter-
ing into the canvass with his whole soul,
commenced "stumping the district. But
his democratic opponents were not idle,
and worked hard to bring the Mormon
vote to their side. Some time before
the canvass commenced, Joseph Smith
was arrested on a requisition from the
governor of Missouri, and delivered to
an agent from that state. The writ was
returned satisfied. Before he could be
taken out of the state, however, he was
released on a writ issued by a Mormon
justice of Nauvoo, as was allowable by
the charter of that city. . The Missouri
authorities now applied to Governor
Ford, of this state, to renew the writ and
send a force of militia to enforce it, but
the governor would not do this. The
democratic managers now raised the
idea in the minds of the Mormons that
if they voted for the whig candidate, the
militia would be sent against them.
Backinstos, a leading democrat, of Han-
cock county, went to Springfield, and
Governor Ford being absent, a leading
democrat in that city, in his name, gave a
promise that if the Mormons voted the
democratic ticket, the militia should not
be used against them. They now re-
solved to drop Walker and take up Hoge.
On Saturday before the election, Hi-

242

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ram Smith, brother of Joseph, in a pub-
lic address delivered in Nauvoo, told the
Mormons that the Lord had revealed to
him that if they voted against Hoge, a
greater curse would befall them than be-
fell them in Missouri; therefore, ''when
the Lord speaks, let men obey." Word
was sent Mr. Walker a few days before
this that the Mormons would probably
forsake him, and he at once went to
Nauvoo and sought out Joseph Smith
for an explanation. He was present
when Hiram delivered his address, and
was very indignant over the matter.
Joseph Smith, likewise, appeared to be
very angry with Hiram, and told Mr.
Walker he would yet make it all right
with him, and that he, himself the next
day, (Sunday), would speak to the peo-
ple in his favor. Agreeably to his prom-
ise, he spoke for about an hour, eulogis-
ing Mr. Walker very highly, declaring
that he was no politician, but an honest
man; denounced those who should con-
sult the Lord .as to how they should
vote, and declared that if any should
do it, he should be cut off from salva-
tion; said he should vote for his friend
Mr. Walker. But in his hour's speech
one thing was noticed: that not with-
standing the strong terms in which he
denounced those who should consult the
Lord as to how they should vote, he said;
" Brother Hiram is the elder brother;"
" Brother Hiram never has deceived this
people;" "Brother Hiram loves this
people;" ' When the Lord commands,
the people must obey." The next day
Joseph did vote for Mr. Walker, but the
balance of the Mormons voted for Mr.
Hoge, and elected him, as the Lord had
commanded. In this county, and in

other counties in the district, Walker
was denounced by some of the whigs
for trying to get the Mormon vote, and
it is said he lost as many of their votes
on this account as would have elected
him.

At the August election in 1844, the
democrats carried the county on con-
gressman and state senator, but on all
county offices, the whigs were the vict-
ors. W. H. Randolph, the whig candi-
date for state representative, defeated
his opponent H. L. Bryant, by 47 bal-
lots. In November, of the same year
was the eventful election of James K.
Polk and George M. Dallas, the demo-
cratic nominees for the presidency and
vice-presidency, over Henry Clay and
Frelinghuysen. Party spirit ran high
throughout the country, and McDonough
county did not escape the contagion, al-
though not so large a vote was polled,
the whigs not appearing in full numbers,
having given the state to the democratic
party. The democratic nominee re-
ceived 484 ballots and the whig 479, a
majority of five for the former.

In 1845, a light vote was polled, poli-
tics seemingly not entering into the can-
vass, but it was governed solely by local
issues. Robert Bean was elected
county commissioner, Charles Chandler,
school commissioner and W. W. Clay-
ton, coroner.

The Democrats carried the county in
1846, on the state officers, by a small
majority, while the whigs elected their
nominees for the county officers, by ma-
jorities ranging from thirty-three to
ninety-five, owing to personal popular-
ity and local causes. W. H. Randolph
was elected to the legislature.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF !'."" A '

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

245

At the special election held in April,
1847, the democrats elected James M.
Campbell and John Huston as members
of the constitutional convention from
this county. On county officers, at the
regular election, the honors were evenly
divided.

The year 1848, was the scene of an-
other presidential conflict. The whigs
nominated as their candidate, Zachary
Taylor, the hero of the earlier days of the
war with Mexico. Lewis Cass, the vet-
eran statesman of Michigan, was the
nominee of the democratic party. Mar-
tin Van Buren, was, also, placed in nomi-
nation by the new party, then called the
"free soil," but which afterwards became
the present republican party. With
these three standard-bearers, the cam-
paign was begun. In this county, Tay-
lor polled 437 votes, Cass 416 and Van
Buren, the paltry vote of 25 ballots. The
democrats elected two of their candi-
date to county offices, Samuel Calvin, to
that of county commissioner, and John
P. Head to that of coroner. Josiah
Harrison was elected as member of the
legislature ; David Lawson, sheriff ;
James W. Brattle, surveyor; all on the
whig ticket.

At the regular election of 1849, which
was the first held under the new consti-
tution, and occurred in November, the
democracy captured all the county of-
fices, electing James Clarke to the office
of county judge, Isaac Grantham to that
of clerk, William T. Head, treasurer,
and W. H. Bile, surveyor.

The campaign of 1850, was principally
conducted upon the county offices, al-
though a congressman and member of the
legislature were to be chosen. The dem-

ocratic party were victorious through-
out, electing W. T. Head, as sheriff;
Samuel E. Taylor, treasurer; Lewis
Cravens, coroner; John H. Huston rep-
resentative, and Thompson Campbell,
congressman. On the question of a
general banking law, in the state, the
friends of that measure, in McDonough
county had a majority of one in a total
vote of 934.

In 1852, the whigs, as a national party
made their last great effort for the con-
trol of the affairs of the country. They
placed at the head of their ticket the
name of General Winfield Scott, the hero
of Lundy's Lane, Chippawa Falls, in the
war of 1812-15 ; of Vera Cruz, Chepul-
tepec, Molino del Key, Conteras, and
Churubusco, in the Mexican war. The
democrats nominated Franklin Pierce
for the presidency, and the "free soil,"
then the abolition party, meeting in
convention at Pittsburg placed in nom-
ination, John P. Hale. Strong efforts
were made by both the old parties to
elect their candidates, and excitement
was rife in the land. In this county
party feeling ran high and a full vote
was cast. General Scott, the whig can-
didate, having a majority of two in a
total vote of 1687. E. B. Webb, the
nominee of the same party for governor,
had, in McDonough county, a majority
of three over Joel A. Matteson, his dem-
ocratic opponent. In county matters
the democrats succeeded in electing
Sydnor H. Hogan as sheriff, the whigs
capturing all other offices.

The election of 1853, was for county
officers, and the democratic party elected
Thompson Chandler, county judge;
Samuel Calvin and S. J. Grigsby, asso-

246

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ciate justices; Isaac Grantham, county
clerk; T. 13. McCormick, treasurer, and
J. R. Simpson, school commissioner, all
the offices voted for by fair majorities.
The total vote polled was 1549.

1854 This was the last year the whig
party put forth candidates for office. In
this election they were again unsuccess-
ful. As a national party, it was consid-
ered as good as dead, and therefore, even
in this county, where the chances of
success was as good as that of the oppo-
sition, they could awake no enthusiasm.
The democrats carried the county by
majorities ranging from 24 to 142, with
the exception of the member of the legis-
lature, L. H. Waters (whig), being
elected over John E. Jackson by a
majority of one vote. Mr. Waters ran
not only as a whig candidate, but as a
temperance candidate, doubtless receiv-
ing some few votes from democrats who
were favorable to the Maine liquor law,
an effort being made to secure the pas-
sage in this state of a similar law. Mr.
Jackson, believing fraud had been per-
petrated on the part of the opposition,
notified Mr. Waters that he should con-
test the election; and the latter, feeling
that the question could best be settled
by appealing again to the people, sent in
his resignation to the governor, who
accepted it and issued an order for a new
election on Saturday, December 30.
Both parties, metaphorically speaking,
stripped themselves for the contest, and
the battle was warm, indeed, resulting
in the election of Mr. Waters by a
majority of nineteen votes.

In the following year, that of 1855,
the democratic party had but little oppo-
sition, electing all the officers by major-

ities ranging from two hundred . down-
ward.

Former issues dividing the political
parties had disappeared in 1856, and new
issues were being rapidly formed. The
whig party had ceased to exist, and on
its ruins had been erected two other par-
ties one having for its central truth oppo-
sition to the further extension of slavery,
and the other that American born citi-
zens must rule America. These parties
had, of course, absorbed many of the
members of the old democratic party.
The American party not being opposed
to slavery, or, at least, making no oppo-
sition to it, either in the stated in which
it existed, or the newly formed terri-
tories, where it had been made subject
to admission by the repeal of the Mis-
souri compromise, had become a numer-
ous body in the south, with many adher-
ents in the north. The republican party,
basing its claims for popular suffrage
upon its advocacy of freedom in the
territories, was not permitted an exist-
ence in the southern states, and of neces-
sity was confined to the north. .

Candidates were placed in the fied
for both national and state offices early
in the year and platforms were adopted.
That of the republicans, with John C.
Fremont, as candidate for president, W.
H. Bissell, for governor of Illinois,
adopted as the principal plank of their
platform, the doctrine of equal rights
for all, and firm opposition to the ex-
tension of slavery. The American party,
with Millard Fillmore as their nominee,
and a platform affirming their belief in
the danger to American institutions from
foreign immigration and the growth of
Roman Catholic power, demanded that

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

247

"none but Americans be put on guard."
The democratic national convention met
at Cincinnati and adopted their platform,
enunciating the principles advocated by
them for so many years. The nomina-
tions of James Buchanan and John C.
Breckenridge were enthusiastically re-
ceived.

In McDonough county the newly or-
ganized republican party, had their full
ticket in the field while the American
party bent their full energies for the
election of congressman, and the national
and state ticket.

The republican and American parties,
made common cause against the demo-
cratic party, a partial alliance was
entered into between them for the pur-
pose of securing their ends. The Am-
erican party, although out numbering
the republican, was at a disadvantage,
having no newspaper through which to
express their views. In the congress-
ional district, of which McDonough
county formed a part, had two candi-
dates nominated, for a long and short
term, in consequence of a vacancy ex-
isting, and it was generally agreed be-
tween the two parties that if the Amer-
icans would vote for Jackson Grimshaw,
the republican candidate for the long
term, the republicans would vote for
Dr. J. B. Kyle, the American nominee
for the short term. This arrangement
was pretty generally carried out although
not completely, many of the republicans
failing to vote for Dr. Kyle. Jackson
Grimshaw had a majority in the county
of twenty-nine, while J. C. Davis, the
democratic candidate for the short term
distanced his competitor by 185 votes.
For county officers the Americans made

no nominations, voting for the republi-
can candidates generally. For state sen-
ator, the republicans elected W. H.
Franklin, by a majority of thirty. For
representative, the vote stood 1444, for
Vandever Banks, republican to 1424 for
George Hire, democrat, but on account
of some informality in the returns from
Prairie City township, the board of can-
vassers threw them out. This precinct
gave Banks 87 and Hire 29 votes. The
certificate of election was given to Mr.
Hire. The democrats, also, elected their
candidates to the offices of circuit clerk
and sheriff; the balance of the offices be-
ing filled by the republican nominees.

An election was held in 1857 for
county officers and but little excitement
ensued. The American party, having
but a short life, took no active part in
this campaign, and the republicans only
polling about the same vote as they did
the year previous, the democrats elected
all their nominees, by handsome major-
ities.

The election in 1858, was for superin-
tendent of public instruction, congress-
man, representative and county officers.
Although the republican party had re-
ceived large accessions, mainly from the
ranks of the American party, still they
lacked about 200 of enough to carry this
county. A very heavy vote was polled,
however, reaching to 3719 in some cases.

The apathy displayed by both the re-
publican and democratic parties in the
contest of 1859, is remarkable. The
.former only polled about one-half and
the latter three-fourths of their full
strength and the election was a very
tame affair, resulting in a complete
victory for the democracy.

248

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

The country was now becoming deeply
moved over questions which stirred the
popular heart as none had ever done be-
fore. The storm had been gathering
ever since the repeal of the Missouri
compromise ; the struggles in Kansas
had deeply intensified the feeling of the
people of the north, and John Brown's
attempt upon Harper's Ferry had been
skillfully managed, so as to arouse and
heat the people of the south. That the
territories of the United States should
be forever consecrated to freedom, was
the solemn determination of a large
majority of the people of the north, and
that the boundaries of the institution of
slavery should not be further enlarged.
The south, seeking its perpetuation by
means of enlarged political power, de-
termined that it should not be restricted
but should have enlarged privileges.
The questions dividing parties were thus
chiefly sectional, and pointed directly to
war. In this state of public mind the
republican party met in national conven-
tion at Chicago, for the purpose of plac-
ing in the field candidates for the offices
of president and vice-president. The
names of Seward, Lincoln, Chase, Blair
and Bates were proposed for the chief
office. In the convention it was plain to
see who was the favorite of the on-
lookers, whose sympathies were of course
enlisted in favor of Illinois' candidate.
Every mention of Lincoln's name was
received with cheer after cheer. Three
ballots only were taken, and on the last
Abraham Lincoln received a majority of
all the votes cast, and was made the
unanimous choice of the convention
amid the most intense enthusiasm. Han-
nibal Hamlin, of Maine, was selected as

the candidate for vice-president on the
same ticket.

The democratic national convention
was called to meet at Charleston, South
Carolina. The friends of Stephen A.
Douglas were active in urging his claims
to the nomination for the presidency,
many of the delegates from the northern
states being instructed to use all honora-
ble means to that end. The claims of
Douglas were stoutly contested by the
leaders of the democracy of the south,
and it was evident, some time before the
convention assembled, that it would be
difficult to come to an agreement, espe-
cially as the rule of the democratic na-
tional convention required a two-thirds
vote to nominate. Meeting in the city
of Charleston, April 23, 1860, the con-
vention remained in session ten days, at
the expiration of which time no nomina-
tions had been made, many of the dele-
gates from the southern states withdraw-
ing. After taking 57 ballots, it was
found impossible for any candidate to
receive a two-thirds vote of the entire
body, so many delegates having with-
drawn. Adjournment was then had to
Baltimore, at which place, on the 19th of
June, the convention met, but even here
no agreement could be reached between
the factions. After six days' struggle,
however, Stephen A. Douglas was nomi-
nated for president, and Benjamin Fitz-
patrick, of Alabama, for vice-president.
The nomination of Douglas was received
with the wildest enthusiasm. Mr. Fitz-
patrick declining the nomination for
second place on the ticket, Herschel V.
Johnson, of Georgia, was nominated.

That portion of the convention which
seceded, held a convention June 23, and

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

249

nominated John C. Breckinridge,of Ken-
tucky, for president, and Joseph Lane,
of Oregon, for vice-president. A "union
conservative" convention was also held,
at which John Bell, of Tennessee, was
nominated for president, and Edward
Everett, of Massachusetts, for vice-
president.

With four presidential candidates in
the field, the exciting questions growing
out of the institution of slavery and the
threats of disunion by a portion of the
South in the event of the election of
Lincoln, tended to make the campaign
one of great interest. "Wide-awake"
and " Invincible " clubs, and organiza-
tion of " Hickory Boys " on the part of
republicans and Douglas democrats,
respectively, tended to increase the ex-
citement. Large and enthusiastic meet-
ings were held by each party in all the
leading cities and towns, and even in
many of the smaller villages. The
names of the " Bail-Splitter " and the
" Little Giant," evoked the greatest en-
thusiasm.

This was one of the most memorable
campaigns in the history of the country,
one not equalled even by the the hard
cider contest of 1840. The two favorite
sons of Illinois were now rival candi-
dates for the presidency, and such an ef-
fort was put forth by the friends of each
to carry the state as was never witnes-
sed before or since. This county, being
exceedingly close, was made a battle
ground. Some of the best speakers in
the state, of both parties, were sent
here ; monster meetings ' were held by
each; the " Wide-awakes " and "Hick-
ory Boys " were out in force, and im-
mense efforts were put forth to influence

votes. Both state and county tickets, of
each of the parties, were claimed to be
unexceptionable. A vast amount of
money was spent: and the final result
was, the republicans carried the county
by majorities ranging from 11 to 127,
though losing it on the presidential vote
Douglas carrying it over Lincoln by 11
votes. John Bell, the Union candidate
for president, received 62 votes and
John C. Breckinridge 6. A larger vote
was polled at this election than ever be-
fore, and the charge of fraud was made
by both parties, each against the other,
with what truth has really never been
determined, and probably never will be.

The war for the union was in progress
during the political campaign of 1861,
and issues growing out of the war were
rapidly forming.

The election in McDonough county
was principally for county officers, both
parties having tickets in the field.
Thompson Chandler, the democratic
nominee for county judge, was elected,
polling 403 votes more than S. A. Hen-
<iee, his competitor. James Mathews,
county clerk, John Knappenberger, treas-
urer, S. A. Hunt, surveyor, and Louis
A. Simmons, school superintendent, all
democrats, were duly elected by hand-
some majorities. J. C. Thompson, the
democratic candidate for the position of
delegate to the state constitutional con-
vention, was also elected.

In 1862 and 1863 the democratic party
in McDonough county were in the ascend-
ency; in the former year carrying every-
thing by majorities from 500 upward; in
the latter year by small majorities. The
total vote polled in 1863 was 3,655.

In 1864 Abraham Lincoln was renomi-

250

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

nated by the republicans ; associated with
him on the ticket was Andrew Johnson,
the union governor of Tennessee. The
democrats put in nomination General
George B. McGlellan, for the presidency,
and George H. Pendleton, of Ohio, for
the vice-presidency. In this state the
republican party met in convention and
placed in nomination Richard J. Oglesby,
for governor, and adopted a platform en-
dorsing the renomination of Abraham
Lincoln, and paying high tribute of
praise to the loyal soldiers and soldiers'
wives, who were daily making sacrifices
that the union might be preserved. The
democrats had, as their candidate for
governor, James C. Robinson, and at
that convention adopted resolutions de-
nouncing the war and its further sup-
port, and rejecting the equality of the
negro with the white man. This was
the darkest period of the war, and, al-
though the feeling was intense, yet it
was not manifested so much in the cam-
paign as usual.

In McDonough county the contest was
severe and the result close, the republi-
cans succeeding in electing George L.
Farwell, their candidate for the office of
sheriff; all the balance of the democratic
ticket carried the field.

In 1865, the election^ which was purely
local, was a bitterly contested one, the
republicans making strenuous efforts to
wrest the control of the county from
their political adversaries. After an ex-
citing campaign, a proper canvass of the
votes demonstrated the success of their
plan of action. W. H. H. Hainline,
candidate for the office of county treas-
urer, D. Branch, school commissioner,
J. W. Brattle, surveyor, W. Ervin, county

clerk, and L. A. Simmons, county judge,
all republicans, were elected by majori-
ties ranging from 8 to 112.

The campaign of 1866 was fought on
the issue of reconstruction in the south-
ern states. The republicans, in conven-
tion, resolved that the people who sub-
dued the rebellion, and their representa-
tives in congress, had the right to reor-
ganize the states that were in rebellion.
This was denied by the democrats and a
portion of the republicans. The efforts
put forth by the republicans last year
were repeated this, and as a result their
entire ticket was elected by majorities
running from 290 to 424. In county
matters there were two offices to fill,
namely, those of sheriff and coroner.
Samuel Wilson was elected to the first,
and William W. Head, the latter.

The general issues dividing the par-
ties in 1867 were about the same as in the
year previous. In this county the dem-
ocrats again succeeded in electing their
county ticket, Sydnor H. Hogan, their
candidate for treasurer, receiving 2,007
votes, while S. A. Epperson, his repub-
lican opponent, had but .1,990. S. A.
Hunt, democrat, was elected coroner.

The year 1868 brought with it another
presidential campaign. The republican
national convention met at Chicago, and
placed in nomination Ulysses S. Grant,
of Illinois, the victorious union general,
associating with him Schuyler Coif ax, of
Indiana. The democratic national con-
vention nominated Horatio Seymour and
Francis P. Blair, Jr., for president and
vice-president. The financial question
began to be a leading issue, especially
with reference to the payment of the
bonds in coin or greenbacks, the repub-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

251

licans favoring the payment in coin, the
democrats opposing. The latter also,
by resolution, favored the abolition of
the national banking system, and the
substitution of United States notes for
those of national banks. This was op-
posed by the republicans.

In the state of Illinois, the republican
state convention placed in nomination
for the gubernatorial office, John M.
Palmer, while the democrats supported
John E. Eden. In McDonough county
both parties had full tickets in the field,
and considerable interest was manifested.
After a thorough canvass and an exciting
election, it was found that U. S. Grant
had carried the county by 214 majority,
and that on state and county tickets the
republicans were ahead by majorities
ranging from 154 to 215.

The campaigns of 1868, 1870 and 1871
were devoid of much interest, and were
but repetitions of the results of previous
years, as a glance at the official vote in
this chapter will show.

In 1872, the movement known as the
liberal republican had a large influence
politically, having virtually dictated the
democratic nomination for the presi-
dency, and the platform of principles on
which the campaign against the repub-
lican party- was dictated. The liberal
republicans were those connected with
the republican party who were opposed
to any extreme measure in the recon-
struction of the southern states, and
who believed the time had come when
past issues should be forgotten, and new
issues formed; that the hand of reconcil-
iation should be offered the south, and
a united country, working together to
build up the waste places of the south.

Many of the most able men of the repub-
lican party, including Horace Greeley,
Charles Sumner, Lyman Trumbull, John
M. Palmer and others, united in this
movement. In May, a national conven-
tion was held by the liberal republicans,
in Cincinnati, which nominated Horace
Greeley for president and B. Gratz
Brown fcr vice-president. The follow-
ing is a synopsis of the resolutions
adopted:

1. Equality of all men before the law ;
equal and exact justice to all, without
regard to race, color or previous condi-
tion.

2. Opposition to the re-opening of all
questions settled by the 13th, 14th and
15th amendments to the constitution.

3. Demand for the immediate and
absolute removal of all disabilities im-
posed on account of the rebellion.

4. Local self-government ; supremacy
of the civil over the military, and de-
mand for the largest individual liberty
consistent with public order.

5. Denunciation of the existing sys-
tem of civil service.

6. Demand for a system of federal
taxation which should not unnecessarily
interfere with the industries of the peo-
ple; reference of the tariff to the con-
gressional districts.

7. Demand for civil service reform,
and for the election of president for a
single term only.

8. Maintenance of public credit and
denunciation of repudiation.

9. A speedy return to specie payment.

10. Thanks to the citizen soldiers and
sailors of the republic.

11. Opposition to further grants to
railroads.

252

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

12. Cultivation of friendship with all
nations; regarding alike dishonorable,
either to demand what is not right or to
submit to what is wrong.

The democracy in convention ratified
the nomination of Greeley and Brown
and adopted the platform of the liberal
republicans. The republicans re-nom-
inated President Grant, and associated
with him on the ticket Henry Wilson,
of Massachusetts, for vice-president.
The disaffection among the democrats
in consequence of the nomination of
Horace Greeley, a life-long political en-
emy was so great that a third ticket was
nominated, at the head of which was
Charles O'Connor, the distinguished
lawyer of New York. In the state con-
vention, the republicans again nominated
Richard J. Oglesby for governor, while
Gustavus Keener, the liberal candidate
for the same office was endorsed by the
democracy. In McDonough county, U.
S. Grant received a majority of 197, and
E. J. Oglesby, only 90. For congress,
"VV. H. Neece,the liberal democratic can-
didate received 2799 ballots and William
H. Eay,republican 2720. B. E. Hampton
for state senator,had a majority of 19. The
balance of the republican ticket was
elected by fair majorities, the personal
popularity of the candidates causing
many of them to run far ahead of their
ticket.

The question of capital vs. labor en-
gaged the attention of the people in 1873.
The republican State convention, after
nominating candidates, adopted resolu-
tions declaring against monopolies, and
urging the restriciion, by the state and
the several states of the powers of the
railroads and their corporations. A con-

vention of anti-monopolists was held
which nominated candidates and adop-
ted resolutions, in which was denounced
the old party organizations as corrupt
and no longer useful in live issues: and
deploring the chicanery in government
affairs. The democrats made no nom-
inations, but favored the anti-monopoly
movement generally. This was the be-
ginning of what was known as the
"granger" movement* In this county,
the anti-monopoly party swept the field,
electing the county officers by majorities
close around 200.

In the year 1874, there was a triangu-
lar fight, three parties being in the field,
democratic, republican and independent,
the organization known as the anti-
monopoly party having been abandoned
or merged into the independent. About
seven-eighths of the regular vote of the
county was polled, 'the republicans being
successful over both the other parties.

But little interest was manifested in
the campaign of 1875, there again being
three tickets in the field, and the opposi-
tion to the republicans having little hope,
in their divided state, of being success-
ful, but a small vote was polled, the re-
publican candidates receiving a majority
over both.

The election of 1876 was for national,
state and county officers. Eutherf ord B.
Hayes and William A. Wheeler were the
republican candidates for president and
vice-president; while Samuel J. Tilden
and Thomas A. Hendricks receiving the
nomination of the democratic party for
the same offices. Peter Cooper was the
nominee of the independent or green-
back par,ty, for president. The hard
times which had begun in 1873, had a

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

253

perceptible effect upon the campaign.
The democratic party, which has for
years been acting upon the defensive,
when not allied with some other political
body, now assumed the offensive, and
under the banner of "Tilden and re-
form," forcefl the republicans upon the
defensive. On the part of the demo-
crats the whole campaign was boldly
conducted. The republicans of Illinois,
in state convention nominated Shelby
M. Cullom for gubernatorial honors,
whilst the democrats nominated Lewis
Stewart.

In this county there were again three
tickets, the independent party making
their fight upon the financial question.
The local tickets of all parties were un-
exceptionable, and, on personal grounds
each tried to obtain votes. The princi-
pal candidates for local office ran ahead
of their tickets in their respective towns.

The republican national, state and
county ticket, this year, was the success-
ful one, R. B. Hayes receiving a majority
of 141. The only exception to the suc-
cess of the republican ticket was the
election of Charles H. Whitaker, the
able editor of the Macomb Eagle, tq the
position of representative to the general
assembly, who polled 7,605 votes, almost
the entire .vote of the democratic party
of the county.

At the fall election of 1877, there were
three parties again in the field, republi-
can, democratic and independent. The
democratic nominees for county judge,
county clerk, treasurer and county super-
intendent were all elected by pluralities
ranging from 179 to 384. A question
submitted to the qualified electors of the
state on making an appropriation to

complete the state capitol, did not seem
to meet the favor of the voters of Mc-
Donough county, as there were 900 voted
for it, and 3,783 against it.

The contest of 1878 was a resume of
the previous year, only that the republi-
cans were the successful party, by small
pluralities, with the exception of W. H.
Neece, who was elected to the office of
congressman by a plurality of 498.

A prohibition ticket was also in the
field but polled quite a small vote in
this county. A question of amending
the constitution so as to permit drainage
was, also, voted on at this election.

In 1879, W. M. Ragon, the republican
nominee for the office of county treas-
urer, and Cephas Holmes, the candidate
for surveyor, of the same party, were
elected. The total vote polled at. this
election was 4,835.

The general campaign for 1880 began
quite early, especially among the aspir-
ants for office and their friends. The
preliminary canvass for the nomination
grew quite warm, as both republicans
and democrats were alike confident that
they would succeed in the national strug-
gle. James A. Garfield received the re-
publican nomination for president. Win-
field S. Hancock was chosen to lead the
democracy. General James B. Weaver
was nominated by the greenbackers.
The canvass was pushed with vigor, the
democratic and republican parties using
their utmost endeavors to be successful.
The national greenback party, under the
lead of Weaver, also endeavored to in-
crease its votes, Mr. Weaver making
speeches in more than half the states of
the Union. The latter party adopted a
platform re-asserting their demands for

254

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

the abolition of the national banks, the
reduction of the army, the limitation of
Chinese immigration, the reduction of
salaries, and the payment of the national
debt in greenbacks.

The republican party of Illinois met
in convention and nominated S. M. Cul-
lom for governor, and adopted a plat-
form endorsing the principles as laid
down by the national convention at Chi-
cago, and the candidates named at that
time. The democrats placed in nomina-
tion Lyman Trumbull for governor, and
the greenbackers, A. J. Streator. Ex-
citement ran high, as all parties thought
they had fair hopes of success. In Mc-
Donough county, Garfield received 137
plurality over his competitors, and the
state republican ticket triumphed by
about the same number. For congress,
Robert Holloway, the democratic nomi-
nee, carried this county by a plurality of
95. W. C. McLeod, also a democrat, re-
ceived the largest vote for representative,
Davis and Perry, the republican nomi-
nees, being next. The republican county
ticket was generally elected.

The election of 1882 hinged princi-
pally on that for member of congress
and county officers, and resulted in the
election of W. H. Neece, the democratic
nominee for congressman. J. H. Baker,
county judge, C. W. Dines, county clerk,
T. J. Dudman, county superintendent,
all democrats, were elected. At this
election on the question of making an
appropriation for the purpose of com-
pleting the state capitol was negatived,
as far as this county was concerned, by a
majority of 1,731 ballots. On the ques-
tion of McDonough county paying cos'ts
in criminal cases, the voters assented.

The year 1884 brought with it another
presidential campaign, with all its excite-
ment and turmoil. Early in the summer
the friends of the various candidates for
the nomination were busily at work, and
the columns of the daily and weekly
press teemed with remarks iaudatory of
or derogatory of the various parties
named. The republican national con-
vention met at Chicago, and after a num-
ber of ballots James G. Blaine, of Maine,
for president, and John A. Logan, of
Illinois, for vice-president, were present-
ed to the people of the United States as
the standard-bearers of that party. The
democratic party, also, held their con-
vention in Chicago, and placed in nomi-
nation Grover Cleveland, then governor
of New York, for the presidency.
Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana, occu-
pied the second place on the ticket.
Prior to these, the labor-anti-monopoly-
greenback party met and placed at the
head of their ticket the name of Benja-
min F. Butler for the presidency. John
P. St. John, ex-governor of Kansas, was
the choice of the prohibition party.
With four parties in the field excitement
grew, high, until it was seen that the
great contest lay between the two old
parties, the republican and democratic.
The result was a close vote all through
the country, and in McDonough county
Cleveland had a bare plurality of one
vote. Party spirit ran rife through the
county, and a strong effort was made by
these two parties to carry everything be-
fore them. On all the state officers, the
democratic plurality was but a trifle, run-
ning from 1 to 18. "W. H. Neece, the
candidate for congress, ran far ahead of
his ticket, owing to personal popularity,

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

255

and went out of his home county endorsed
by a majority of 278. The democrats
elected two of their candidates for county
offices, and the republicans, two. By a
majority of 860 the people of the county
approved of an appropriation to complete
the state capitol.

With this, the political history of the
county is brought down to the present
time, and by reference to the returns
given below, it will be seen how close
has been the result year by year. In
consequence of this closeness the canvass
has usually been warm, and as a gen-
eral thing men of unexceptional person-
al character have been nominated, each
party trusting the personal popularity
of its nominees would increase their
vote. It has been well for the county
that such has been the case, as it has
had a tendency to make each' more
watchful of -the interests of the people.

Below will be found a carefully com-
piled record of election returns for each
year since the organization of the coun-
ty. The only break in the chain is in
the earlier years, the record of which,
together with the poll books, having
entirely disappeared from the county
offices if they ever were made.

Owing to some carelessness in early
days, some of the names may be spelled
in an irregular manner, but it has been
entirely due to that cause, as we have
caused this record to be overrun by par-
ties familiar throughout the county to
correct all errors. Particulars regard-
ing the officers elected and their sketches
may be found in other chapters.

OFFICIAL VOTE.

Below will be found a carefully com-
piled record of election returns for

each year, from the the organization of
the county to the present time:

ELECTION 1830.

Governor.

William Kinney 56 49

John Reynolds 7

Representative.

Benjamin V. Geel 45 26

Joel Wright 19

Sheriff.

William Southward 28 1

William Garret 27

Peter Bilyer 8

Coroner.

Isaac Barrett 41 19

John Seward 23

ELECTION 1831.

Congress.

James Gurney (long term) 142 126

Sidney Breese (long term) 16

Joseph Duncan (short term) 140 124

E. Coles (short term) 16

ELECTION 1832.

President.

Andrew Jackson, dem 128 107

Henry Clay, whig 21

ELECTION 1834.

Governor.

Joseph Duncan ". . 187 117

William Kinney 70

Joseph McLaughlin 47

State Senator.

G. W. P. McMackville 183 67

William Chapman 116

ELECTION 1834.

Congress.

William S. May 229 161

Benjamin Mills 68

Representative.

William Edmonston 239 159

Peter Butler 80

ELECTION 1835.

Circuit Clerk.

James M. Campbell 304 204

Thompson Chandler 100

County Surveyor.

C.W.Bacon 175 17

W. W. Bailey 74

A. Mayfleld 158

ELECTION 1836.

President.

Martin Van Buren, dem 159 35

William H. Harrison 124

Congress.

William L.May 303-103

JohnG. Stuart 200

ELECTION 1837.

Probate Justice.

William Willis, dem 176

Peachy Gilmore, dem 183 7

Richard 8. Lowe, whig 83

Henry H. Hardin, whig 51

County Treasurer.
Benjamin Naylor, whig (no opposition) - 394

256

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Circuit Clerk.
James M. Campbell, dem. (no opposition) 439

Coroner.

John P. Head, dem 238 87

John L. Russell, whig 151

Robert L. Russell, dem 6

ELECTION 1838.

* Governor.

Cyrus Edwards, whig 332

Thomas Cariin, dem 382 50

Congress.

Stephen A. Douglas, dem 365

John G. Stuart, whig 366 1

State Senator.

Thomas II. Owens, dem 342

Sidney H. Little, whig 368- 28

Sheriff.
W.H.Randolph (no opposition)

Coroner.
Caleb G. Overton (no opposition)

ELECTION 1839.

County Clerk.

James M. Campbell, dem 511 288

Isaac Granthain, whig 223

Probate Justice.

James Clarke, dem 415 - 118

William Willie, whig 297

County Commissioner.

James Edmonston, dem 391 85

Caville Archer, whig 306

County Surveyor.

Samuel A. Hunt, dem 488 336

Newton W. Chase, whig 152

C. L. Overton. whig 99

County Treasurer.

Jesse M. Chapman, dem 341221

C. harles M. Bartleson, whig 128

Benjamin T. Naylor, whig 186

ELECTION 1840.

President.

William H. Harrison, whig 472 45

Martin Van Buren, dem 427

Representative.

William W. Bailey, whig 497 28

William Edmonston, dem 469

Sheriff.

William H. Randolph, whig 536 196

John W. Westf all, dem 340

John H. Westfall, dem 97

Coroner.

Benjamin B. Head, dem 299 121

Benjamin Head, dem 163

C. L. Overton, whig 178

Scattering 72

ELECTION 1841.

Congress.

John T. Stuart, whig 430 3

John H. Ralston, dem 427

School Commissioner.

Isaac Granthain, dem 437 78

Benjamin, T. Naylor, whig 359

ELECTION 1842.

Governor. ,

Joseph Duncan, whig 506 19

Thomas Ford, dem 487

Representative

Hugh Ervin, whig 488 22

Harvey F. Chase, dem 466

Sheriff.

William H. Randolph, whig 500 16

Jonathan H. Baker, dem 484

County Commissioner.

Isaac G. Smith, whig 489 14

Joel Pennington, dein 475

Coroner.

Charles Chandler, whig 437

Benjamin B. Head, dem 459 22

ELECTION 1843.

, Congress.

Joseph P. Hoge, dem 537 39

Cyrus Walker, whig 498

County Clerk.

James M. Campbell, dem 522 11

John Fletcher, whig 511

Recorder.

William T. Head, dem 569- 90

William Y. Head, whig 479

County Commissioner.

William Ferguson, dem 547 57

John Clark, whig 490

Surveyor.

Samuel A. Hunt, dem 589 145

H. J. Averill, whig 444

County Treasurer.

Iverson L. Twyman, whig 555117

Jesse M. Chapman, dem 438

ELECTION, AUGUST, 1844.

Congress.

Joseph P. Hoge, dem 579 12

Martin P. Sweet, whig 567

, State Senator.

William McMillan, dem . 567 7

Pinckney H. Walker, whig 560

Representative.

H. L. Bryant, dem 531

W. H. Randolph, whig 578 47

ELECTION 1844.

Jonathan II. Baker, dem 559

David Lawson, whig 587 28

County Commissioner.

Harrison Hungate, dem 556

John G. Woodeide, whig 576 20

Coroner.

James Anderson, whig 781 715

B. B. Head,dem 66

School Commissioner..
Charles Chandler, whig 767

President.

James K. Polk 484 5

Henry Clay 479

At the election in August, 1845, a light vote was polled,
and politics do not seem to have entered into the contest
to any great extent. Robert Bean was elected commis-
sioner; Charles Chandler, school commissioner, and W.
W. Clayton, coroner.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

257

ELECTION 1846.

Governor.

Augustus C. French, dem 570 28

Thomas M. Kilpatrick, whig 542

Congress.

Thomas J. Turner, dem 56725

James Knos, whig 542

Representative.

W. II. Randolph, whig 565 77

James M. Campbell, dem 488

County Clerk.

Isaac Grantham. dem 563 33

Isaac G. Smith, whig 530

Sheriff.

David Lawson, whig 612 95

Samuel A. Hunt, dem 517

County Commissioner.

Joel Pennington, dem 587 90

Samuel Wilson, whig 497

Surveyor.

II. J. C. Averill, whig 552 35

Jeremiah L. Cross, dem 517

ELECTION 1847.

Delegate to Constitutional Condention.

James M. Campbell, dem 378 50

J. P. Gates, whig 328

Joint Delegate to Constitutional Convention.

John Huston, dem 407 97

John H. Mitchell, whig 310

Probate Judge.

William S. Hall, whig 444 53

Charles C. Hungate,dem 391

Recorder.

William T. Head, dem 453 182

Nelson Montgomery, whig 271

County Treasurer.

JohnW. Westfall, dem. 448 130

William L. Broaddus, whig 318

Surveyor.

Henry J. Averill, whig 439104

Ephraim Swingle, dem 335

County Clerk.

Isaac Grantham, dem. (no opposition) 648

ELECTION 1848.

President.

Zachary Taylor, whig 487 23

Lewis Cass, dem 416

MartinVan Buren, free-soil 25

Representative.

Josiah Harrison, whig 583 41

George Bughman, dem 542

Sheriff.

David Lawson, whig 602 45

Jonathan H. Baker, dem 557

County Commissioner.

Mankin Champion, whig 568

Samuel Calvin, dem 574 6

Surveyor.

James W. Brattle, whig 571 19

Samuel L. Clark, dem 418

Samuel Clark, dem 134

Coroner.

John P. Head, dem 652 590

Scattering 62

ELECTION, NOVEMBER 1849.

County Judge.

James Clarke, dem

Thomas A. Brooking, whig

County Clerk.

Isaac Grantham. dem.-

Joseph E. Wyne, whig

County Treasurer.
William T. Head, dem . . .
William S. Hail, whig

Surveyor.

William H. Rile, dem

James W. Brattle, whig

School Commissioner.

John O. C. Wilson, no opposition

ELECTION 1850.

Representative.

John Huston, dem

James B. Kyle, whig

Congress.

Thompson Campbell, dem

Martin P Sweet, whig ,

606 43
563

612 41
571

633 92
541

590 23
567

Sheriff.

William T. Head, dem

Joseph P. Updegraff, whig

County Treasurer.

Samuel E . Taylor, dem

G. L. Farwell, whig

William Cheney, whig

Lewis Graves, dem . . .
John S. Smith, whig.

Coroner.

ELECTION 1851.

County Treasurer.

Samuel E. Taylor, dem

John S. Wooley, whig

W. H. Rile, dem .
Scattering

Surveyor.

School Commissioner.

J. O. C. Wilson, whig

John E. Jackson, dem

General Banking Law.
For

Against...

Joel A. Matteson, dem .
E. B. Webb, whig.

ELECTION 1852.
Governor.

Winfleld Scott, whig..
Franklin Pierce, dem
John P. Hale, abol

President,

W. A. Richardson, dem
O. H. Browning, whig..

Congress.

J. M. Campbell, dem.
J. W. Singleton, whig.

State Senate.

Representative.

John Huston, dem .

J. M. Randolph, whig ,

Circuit Clerk.

W. H. Randolph, whig

W. T. Head, dem

543 107

532 96
436

549 136
413

476 5

276

195

538 109 .
429

441

448 7

56!) 558
11

383 68
315

472 1
471

841
844 3

840 2
838

859 23

790
820 30

816
858 42

838
835

258

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Sheriff.

8. H. Hogan, dem 758 30

Dr. C. Gfllihan, whig 728

B. B. Head, ind. dem 163

Prosecuting Attorney.

J. S. Baily, dem 462

D. H. Gilmer, whig 549 87

Coroner.

Lewis Graves, dem 833

S. H. McCandless, whig 841 8

ELECTION 1853.

County Judge.,

Thompson Chandler, dem 796 74

W. H. Franklin, whig 722

Associate Judges.

Samuel Calvin, dem 807 95

Silas J. Grigsby, dem 837 103

William S. Hail, whig 734

James S. Hogan, whig 712

County Clerk.

Isaac Grantham, dem 804 81

Joseph W. Blount 723

County Treasurer.

S. H. McCandless, whig 731

T. B. McCormick, dem 794 73

Surveyor.

William H. Rile, dem 783 67

W. P.Barrett, whig 716

School Commissioner.

J. R. Simpson, dem 777 60

Man kin Champion, whig 717

ELECTION 1854.
Congress.

W. A. Richardson, dem 855 24

Arch Williams, whig 831

Representative.

Louis H. Waters, pro and whig 819 1

John E. Jackson, dem 818

John Osborne, rep 1

County Treasurer.

Francis D. Line, dem 906 142

John S. Holiday, whig 764

Coroner.

David Reese, whig 796 35

Benjamin P. Broaddus, dem 761

John Friend, dem 19

ELECTION 1855.
County Treasurer.

John Knappenberger, dem 324 '201

E. B. Bishop, whig 101

Scattering 22

Surveyor.

Charles A. Gilchrist, whig 247 81

Samifel A. Hnnt, dem 141

Scattering 25

School Commissioner.

Thomas E. Brannen, dem 318 290

Scattering 28

ELECTION 1856.

President.

James Buchanan, dem 1370 515

John C.Fremont, rep 590

Millard Fillmore, Am 864

Governor.

W. A. Richardson, dem 1390 362

W. H. Bissel, rep 1088

B. S. Morris, Am 315

Congress.

I. N. Morris, dem. (long term) 1388

Jackson Grimshaw, rep. (long term) 1417 29

J. C. Davis, dem . (short term) 1357 185

J. B. Kyle am. (short term) 1162

Thomas C. Sharp, rep . (short term) 255

State Senator.

W. C. Goudy, dem 139<5

W. H. Franklin, rep 1426 30

Representative.

Vandever Banks, rep 1444 20

George Hire, dem 1424

Circuit Clerk.

Win. T. Head, dem. 1464 126

Joseph E . Wyne, rep 1338

Sheriff.

George A. Taylor, dem 1496 174

Isaiah Dennis, rep 1322

Coroner.

Benjamin T . Broaddus, dem 1385

J. H. Epperson, rep 1418 33

ELECTION 1857.

County Judge.

Thompson Chandler, dem... .. 1213634
W. S . Hail, rep 579

County Clerk.

Isaac Grantham, dem 1296 829

Daniel Negley, rep 467

County Treasurer.

J. Knappenberger, dem 1225 675

George B. Calvin, rep 550

Surveyor.
Samuel A . Hunt, dem 1221 663

C. A. Gilchrist, rep 558

School Commissioner.

Joseph C . Thompson, dem 12471212

Scattering 35

ELECTION 1858.

Superintendent of Public Instruction.

A. C. French, dem '1951 183

N. Bateman, rep 1768

I. N. Morris, dem t 1944 170

J. Grimshaw, rep 1774

Representative.

William Berry, dem 1957 192

C.R.Hume, rep 1765

Sheriff.

F. D. Lipe, dem 1968 215

Strader, rep 1753

Coroner.

J. H. Swigart, dem 1941 177

Neff, rep 1764

ELECTION 1859.

County Clerk.

J. H/Baker,dem 1426480

J. E.Wyne, rep 946

County Treasurer.

John Knappenberger, dem 1476 576

Lawrence Nihill, rep 900

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH CODNTY.

259

Surveyor.

S. A. Hunt, dem 1464 556

Thomas Gilmore, rep 908

School Superintendent.

J. C. Thompson, dem... 1460556

W. E. Withrow, rep 894

ELECTION 1860.

President.

John C . Breckinridge, dem 6

John Bell, union 62

Abraham Lincoln, rep 2255

Stephen A . Douglas, dem 2266 11

Governor.

James Allen, dem 2283

Richard Yates, rep 2300 17

Thomas M. Hope, dem. 4

Congress.

William A. Richardson, dem 2284

Benjamin M. Prentiss, rep 2299 15

Representative.

JamesD. Walker, dem 2071 127

8. H. McCandless, rep 1944

State's Attorney.

Thomas E. Morgan, dem 2301 12

J. R. Gordon, rep 2289

Sheriff.

Harvey T. Gagg, dem 2251

Silas J. Hopper rep 2315 64

Circuit Clerk.

William T. Head, dem 2289

J. B. Cummings, rep 2300 11

Coroner.

F. F. Hatch, dem 2251

IsaacP. Monfort, rep .'...' 2309 58

ELECTION 1861 .

Delegate to State Constitutional Convention.

J. C. Thompson, union dem 1946 414

Carter Van Vleck, rep 1532

County Judge.

Thompson Chandler, dem : 1923 403

8. A. Hendee, rep 1520

County Clerk.

James W. Mathews, dem 1958 499

Fred A . Cruser, rep 1459

County Treasurer.

John Knappenberger, dem 1943 424

Henry C. Twyman, rep 1519

Surveyor.

Samuel A. Hunt, dem :.. 1925 385

James W. Brattle, rep 1540

School Superintendent.

Louis A. Simmons, dem 1930 384

J. W. Blonnt, rep 1546

ELECTION 1862.
State Treasurer

Alexander Starne, dem 1954 509

Wm. Butler, rep 1443

Congressman at Large.

James C. Allen, dem 1954 513

E . C . Ingersoll, rep 1443

Sepresentative.

L. G. Reid, dem 1945 503

Geo. F. Hcndrickson, rep 1442

Sheriff.

Amos Dixon, dem *.

Lawrence Nihell, rep

Jeremiah Sullivan, dem.
W. K. Scott, rep.

Coroner.

ELECTION 1863.

County Treasurer.

John Knappenberger, dem

Socrates Stevens, rep

School Superintendent.

John Barge, dem

J. C. Reynolds, rep '

Surveyor.

A . J. White, dem

D . C . Folsom, rep

ELECTION 1864.

President.

Abraham Lincoln, rep

George B. McClelian, dem

Governor.

R. J . Oglesby, rep

James C. Robinson, dem

Congress.

Hugh Fullerton, rep

Lewis W . Ross, dem

State Senator.

James Strain, rep

Henry K. Pefter, dem

State's Attorney.

P. C. Stearns, rep.

T. E. Morgan, dem ,

Sepresentative.

Alexander Blackburn, rep

William H. Neece, dem ,

Circuit Clerk.

John B. Cummings. rep

John H . Hungate, dem

Sheriff.

G. L . Farwell, rep

Lewis F. Smith, dem

Coroner.

James H . Epperson, rep

J . Sullivan, dem

Surveyor.

James W. Brattle, rep ,

J. B. Nickle, dem

J. W. Bra f tle, rep.
J. E. Morris, dem.

ELECTION 1864.

Surveyor.

School Superintendent.

D . Branch, rep
William Venable
Theodore Kendrick, dem

County Treasurer.
W. H. H. Hainline, rep...
J. W. Westfall, dem

ELECTION 1865.

County Clerk.

William Ervin, rep..

J. N. Chase, Jr., dem

County Judge.

L. A. Simmons, rep

William H. Jackson, dem

1946 499
1446

1957 574
1443

1837 19
1818

1827 13
1814

ia33 17
1816

2145
2171 26

2157
2182 25

2154
2180 26

2153
2181 28

2151
2182 31

2146 39
2185

2157
2170 13

2169-
2164

2151
2179 28

2148
2176 28

2126 8
2118

2102 77

21
2025

2098- 35
2063

2124 112
2012

2088 83
2006

260

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ELECTION 1866.

State Treasurer.

George W. Smith, rep 2753 415

Jesse Phillips, clem 2338

Congress.

Charles E. Lippincott, rep 2755 416

Lewis W. Ross, clem 2339

A. Hanson, rep 2750 410

William Berry, clem 2340

Sheriff.

Samuel Wilson, rep ... 2667 290

F. D. Lipe, dem 2377

Coroner.

William W. Head, rep 2756 424

Jeremiah Sullivan, dem 2332

ELECTION 1867.

County Treasurer.

Rydnor H, Hogan, dem 2007 17

Squire A. Epperson, rep 1990

Surveyor.

S. A. Hunt, dem 2055 123

DeWitt C. Folsom, rep 1933

ELECTION 186S.

President.

Horatio Seymour, dem 2721

U. S. Grant, rep 2935 214

Governor.

John R. Eden, dem 2734

John M. Palmer, rep 2933 199

Congress.

Thompson McNeely, dem 2730

Leonard F. Ross, rep 2934 204

State Attorney.

L.W.James, dem 2729

C. H. Sweeney, rep 2832 203

State Senator.

John H. Hungate, dem 2752

Isaac McManus, rep 2906 154

Representative.

Henry W. Kreider, dem 2753

Humphrey Horrabin, rep 2897 144

Circuit Clerk.

Edgar R. Wright, dem 2766

Benjamin F. Pinkley, rep 2891 125

Sheriff.

William C. McLeod, dem 2712

John E. Lane, rep 2930 218

Coroner.

Harvy F. Chase, dem 2724

J. U. Epperson, rep ... 2926 202

ELECTION 1869.

County Judge.

William S. Hendricks, rep 2357

J. B. Nickle, dem 2374 17

County Clerk.

James H. Provine, rep 2288

Q. C. Ward, dem 2449 161

County Treasurer.

Thomas J. Downen, rep 2338

S. A. Hunt, dem 2392 54

J. W. Lawson, rep.
W. J.Edie, dem...

KLtfCTION 1869.

Surveyor.

School Superintendent.

D. Branch, rep

L. H. Copeland, dem

ELECTION 1870.
Congress.

B. F. Westlake, rep..

T. W. McNeeley, dem

State Senator.

H. S. Senter, rep

B. R. Hampton, rep

Thomas B. Cabeen, dem

John S. Bailey, dem

Representative.

George B. Moore, rep . . '.

William S. Campbell, rep

W. H. Neece, dem

James Manley, dem

Sheriff.

Charles C. Hays, rep . . .

Thomas Murray, dem

Coroner.

James H. Epperson, rep

D. W. Campbell, dem

2354
2385 131

2248
2421 173

2285
2410 125

2285
2257

2407 122
2419 162

2249
2261

2447 198
2403 142

2280
2377

2274
2406 132

ELECTION 1871.

Congressman at Large.

J. L. Be veridge, rep

Hays, dem

County Treasurer.

John E. Lanej rep

William M. Lipe, dem ,

J. W. Siders, rep

James Shannon, dem.

Surveyor.

ELECTION 1872.

President.

U. S. Grant, rep

Horace Greteley, lib

Charles O'Connor, dem

R. J. Oglesby, rep

Gustavus Keener, lib.

Governor.

Congress.

William H Ray rep

William H. Neece, lib '. . . . . . . . . '. . . . . .

State Senate.

Benjamin R. Hampton, rep

Moses A. Lnce, lib

E. K. Westfall, rep.
W. A. Grant, rep . .
J. E. Jacksoh, lib..
Alpheus Lewis, lib .

Representative.

2396
2512 117

2271
2589 318

2404
2501 87

2797 197
2600
14

2800 90
2710

2720
2799 79

2755 19
2736

4191 !4
4183>/ 2
4178'/i

County Attorney.

Crosby F. Wheat, rep

John S. Bailey, lib

I. N. Pearson, rep.
James A. Mnstain, lib.

Circuit Clerk.

Samuel Frost, rep . . .
Thomas Murray, lib.

Sheriff.

W. R. Pittman. rep .
Reuben Powell, lib.

Coroner.

2834 166
2668

2899 275
2624

2841 244
2597

2795 76
2719

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

263

ELECTION 1873.

County Judge.

James Irwin, anti-monop 2241226

Henderson Richie, rep 2015

County Clerk. .

Allen A. Sparks, anti-monop 2284 195

Asa K. Owen, rep 2089

County Treasurer.

Anthony Thornton, anti-mouop 2229 184

David Brockway, rep 2045

School Superintendent.

John M. Dunsworth, anti-monop 2241 172

JohnH. Case, rep 2069

ELECTION 1874.

Superintendent Public Instruction: ,

William B. Powell, rep 2305 28

Samuel M. Etter, dem 2277

Congress.

Henderson Ritchie, rep 2295 44

John C. Bagby, dem and ind 2251

George Meador 1

State Senator.

John T. Morgan, rep 2293 896

James 5ft Campbell, dem 1407

Samuel T. Shelton, ind 864

Representative.

C. W. Boydston, rep 3390

John E. Jackson, dem 4321

A.W.King, rep 344914

Isaac L. Christy, ind 2881^

Sheriff.

J. B. Venarcl, rep 2297 938

Isaac Oakman, dem 1359

W. H. Ledgerwood, ind 916

Coroner.

W. R. Pittman, rep .*. 2272 862

Thomas Cox, dem 1410

Thomas J. Beard, ind 893

ELECTION 1875.

County Treasurer.

J.W. Siders, rep 2088-- 561

P. Irwin, dem 1527

Anthony Thornton, ind 422

Surveyor.

B. F. Howard, rep 2130 - 580

William J. Edie, dem... 1550

Samuel Hunt, ind 418

Coroner.

W. H. Wayland, rep 2102 534

J. W. Westfall, dem 1568

James Manley, ind 390

ELELTION 1876.

President.
Rutherford B. Hayes, rep... .. 2952 141

Samuel J. Tilden, dem 2811

Peter Cooper, ind 347

Governor.

Shelby M. Cullom, rep 2958

Lewis Stewart, dem 3142 184

Congress.

Benjamin F. Marsh, rep 2955 117

John H. Huugate, dem 2838

I.R.Christie, ind 913

Representative.
C. W. Boydston, rep ... . . 42254

E. K. Westfall, rep 4476

Charles H. Whitaker, dem 7605

J.L.Epperson, ind 1908'/

County Attorney.

Crosby F. Wheat, rep... .. 3016 198
George S. Ftihr, dem 2821

Circuit Clerk.

I. N. Pearson, rep 3105 440

N. H. Jackson, dem 2665

L. F. Smith, ind 339

. Sheriff.

Charles C. Hays, rep 3009226

Joseph W. Hays, dem 2783

Amos Dixon, ind 305

Coroner.

George W. Reid, rep 2948 180

Thomas Cox, dem 2768

W. L. Simpson, ind 384

ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1877.

County Judge.

J. H. Baker, dem 2413 382

E. P. Pillsbury, rep 2029

J. O. Epperson, ind 753

County Clerk.

C. W. Dines, dem 2286 179

J. W. Parks, rep 2107

A. L. Sparks, ind 799

Scattering 2

Treasurer.

John Neff, dem 2360 267

A. Newland, rep 2093

J.M.Little, ind 734

Scattering 2

County Superintendent.

H. A. Maxwell, dem 2317 197

A. W. McCandiess, rep 2120

Max Kennedy, ind 726

J. M. Dunsworth 18

On the question of an appropriation to complete the
State Capitol.

For 900

Against 37832883

ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1878.

State Treasurer.

E. L. Conkrite, dem 2528

John C. Smith, rep 2557 29

E. N. Bates, ind 884

Superintendent of Public Instruction.

S.M. Etter, dem... 2529

J. P. Slade, rep 2553 24

F. H. Hall, ind 883

Clerk of Supreme Court.

E. A. Snively, dem 2529

M. B. Converse, rep '. 2551 22

T. L. Knowlee, ind fc85

Clerk of Appellate Court.

G. W. Jones, dem 2526

M. M. Duncan, rep 2553 27

0. E. Shoaff,ind 900

Congress.

D. P. Phelps, dem 2557

B. F. Marsh, rep 2572 15

A. J. Streator, ind 847

264

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

State Senator.

W. H. Neece, dem 2923 498

William Venahle, rep 242r>

J . G . Madden, ind 608

Representative .

M. A. Lewis, dem 7152

Henry Black, rep 396214

E. W. Allen, rep 3623

John Downen, ind 3087'/2

County Attorney.

William Prentiss, dem- 2815 258

J. B. McConnell, rep 2557

Sheriff.

W. II. Taylor, dem 253(5 33

C. C. Hays, rep 2503

Samuel Frost, ind 909

Coroner.

T. J . Bowman, dem 2541

G. W. Reid, rep 2f>60 19

G. W. Keithley, ind 770

On the prohibition ticket Groen received 15 votes in
the county; Smith, for clerk of appellate court, 16; Kate
Hoping, 15 for superintendent of public instruction.

On the question o/ an amendment to the constitution
permitting drainage.

Tor 27291750

Against 979

SPECIAL ELECTION, DECEMBER 3, 1878.

Treasurer.

J. W. Westfall, dem 2320 305

B. R. Westfall, rep 2015

ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1879

County Treasurer.
W. M. Ragon, rep 2360 138

B . A . Herlocker, dem 2222

Wilson, greenbacker 253

County Surveyor.

Cephas Holmes, rep 2389 222

W. J. Edie, dem 2167

Currens, greenbacker 272

ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1880.

President.

J. A. Garfleld, rep 3014 137

W . S . Hancock, clem 2877

J. B. Weaver, greenbaoker : 464

Governor.

S. M. Cullom, rep 3006 140

Lyman Trumbull, dem 2866

A. J. Streator, greenbacker 468

Lieutenant Governor.

J. M. Hamilton, rep 3018 140

L. B. Parson, dem 2879

A. B. Adair, greenbacker 464

Secretary of State.

H . D . Dement, rep 3017 13S

J. H. Oberly, dem 2879

J. M . Thompson, greenbacker 464

Stale Auditor.

C. P. Swigert, rep 3018 140

L. C. Slarkel, dem 2878

W . T . Ingam, greenbacker 463

State Treasurer.

Edward Rutx, rep 3018 140

T . Bntterworth, dem 2878

G. W. Evans, greenbacker 463

Attorney General.

James McCartney, rep 3018 141

L . Harmon, dem 2877

H. L. Whitlock, greenbacker 463

Scattering 1

Congress.

B. F, Marsh, rep 3010

Robert Halloway, dem 3105 95

George Meador, greenbacker 202

Member Board of Equalization.
William Crouch, rep... .. 3018 140

J. D. Stephens, dem 2878

R. J . Cabeen, greenbacker 460

Representative .

S. B. Davis, rep 4528U

D. D. Parry, rep 4500'i

W. C. McLeod, dem 8123(/

William Birdsall. greenbacker 18751/i

County Attorney.

J. M. Blazer, rep 3043

William Prentiss, dem 3184 141

Circuit Clerk.

J. E. Wyne, rep.. 3030 126

T. Huston, dem 2904

J. O. Cowan, greenbacker . .. 418

Sheriff.

Fred Newland, rep ' 3022 30

J. A . Cowperthwaite, dem 9092

G . W. Baker, greenbacker 323

Coroner.

C . F. Griffith, rep 2997 99

J. M. Chase, dem 2898

James Manley, greenbacker 439

On the question of an Appropriation to complete the
State Capitol.

For 1737

Against 1905 161

The prohibition ticket for National and State officers,
received 13 votes in the county.

ELECTION NOVEMBER, 1882.

State Treasurer.

John C. Smith, rep 2908 74

Alfred Orendorff, dem 2834

A. B. Irwin, prohib 129

McLaughlin, greenbacker 194

State Superintendent.

Chas. T. Stratton,rep 2890 48

Raab, dem 2842

Brown, prohib 133

Hall, greenbacker 190

Scattering 2

Congress.

B. H. Marsh, rep 2523

W. H. Neece, dem 3012 489

Rev. R. Haney, pro. and greenbacker 457

State Senator.

Henry Tubbs, rep 2899 59

J . Ross Hanna, dem 2840

McCoy, prohib 134

Scisson, greenbacker 184

Scattering 3

State Representaties.

C. N. Rogers, rep 4203'/

I . N . Pearson, rep '4684%

1. 1,. Prart, dem 7448%

Logsdon, greenbacker 1045'^

W. H. Grigsby, prohib 674

Scattering 3

Covnty Judge.

Isaac Weaver, rep 2754

J. H. Baker, dem 3212 458

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

265

Sheriff.

FredNewland, rep 3197 398

J. A. Cowperthwaite, dem 2799

County Clerk.

A. B. Wetsel, rep 2679

C. W. Dines, dem 3341 662

County Treasurer.

J. C. Cadwallader, rep 2810

Thomss Sorter, dem 3171 361

Scattering 1

County Superintendent.

Miss Ada Mariner, rep 2895

T. J. Dudman, dem 3062 167

Coroner.

A . Switzer, rep 2934

Richard Lawrence, dem 2965 31

On the question of appropriation to complete the
Slate Capitol.

For 1635

Against 8366-1731

On the question of ceding the Illinois and Michigan
Canal to the United States.

For 27401078

Against 1662

On the question of McDonough County paying costs in
Criminal cases.

For 36732520

Against 1153

ELECTION NOVEMBER, 1884.

President.

Grover Cleveland, dem 3080 1

J. G. Blaine, rep.... 3079

B . F . Butler, greenbacker , 154

J. P. St. John, prohib 121

Governor.

Carter Harrison, dem 3121 18

R. J. Oglesby, rep 3103

James B . Hobbs, prohib 101

Jesse Harper, ind Ill

Lieutenant- Governor.

Henry Seiter, dem 3104 - 8

John'C . Smith, rep 3096

A . C . Vanderwater, ind 136

James S. Ferryman, prohib 114

Secretary of State .

M. J. Dougherty, dem 3104 8

Henry D. Dement, rep 3096

H. E. Baldwin, ind 151

C. W. Enos, prohib 104

State Auditor.

WalterE. Carlin, dem 3098 1

C. P. Swigart, rep 3097

E. F. Reeves, ind 142

A. B. Irwin, prohib 113

State Treasurer.

Alfred Orendorff, dem 3100 3

Jacob Gross, rep 3097

Benj. W. Goodhue, ind 141

Uriah Copp, prohib 113

Attorney General.

Robt. L. McKinlay, dem 3102 7

George Hunt, rep 3095

John N. Gwin, ind 141

Hale Johnson, prohib 112

Congress.

Win. II. Neece,dem 3356-- 278

Alex P. Petrie, rep , 2984

Robert II. Broaddus, prohib 94

Members of Board of Equalization.

R. J. Cabeen, dem 3342 39

S. B. Dray, rep 3091

Almon Kidder, prohib 112

Scattering 1

. State Legislature .

Horatio R. Bartleeon, dem... ..4486

William II. Wier, dem 4758J4

Calvin M . Rogers, rep 4514V&

William II. McCord, rep 4683%

Joseph S. Allard, ind 389V

C. C. Secrest, prohib 358V4

Clerk Supreme Court.

EthanA. Snively, dem 3125

Thos. L. McGrath, rep 3126 1

Scattering 5

Clerk Appellate Court.

G. W. Jones, dem 3123

L. W. Shepherd, rep 3123

Scattering 5

Circuit Clerk.

C. S. Churchill, dem 3242 167

Frank L. Brown, rep 3075

George Mourning 79

Stale's Attorney.

Thos. J. Sparks, dem 3120

H. C. Agnew,rep 3178 58

(Bounty Surveyor.

William J. Edie, dem 3131

Cephas Holmes, rep 3194 63

Coroner.

John Hindman, dem 3155 73

John E . Hendrickson, rep 3082

Solomon Hainline 106

On the question of appropriation to complete State
JJouse.

For 2892 860

Against 2032

On the Question of an amendment to the Constitution so
as to give the Governor the power to veto a portion of
a bill submitted to htm and not the whole.

For . . . 23821035

Against 1347

266

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

CHAPTER XIII.

NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY EEPEESENTATION.

While unworthy man may at any and
all times thrust themselves into office,
in this free land, still it cannot but be
acknowledged that the great body of the
office-holders of the country, especially
the elective ones, are truly representa-
tive men men of positive force and
character. They are of the number of
those that do much to build up and
strengthen a town, a county 'or a state.
In this chapter it has been the endeavor,
so far as is possible, to give slight
sketches of all who have served the
county of McDonough in the nation,
state or county. That some of these are
imperfect is known, but it should not be
laid to the historian. Some that are
mentioned have passed a'way from this
mundane sphere, leaving no record from
which a sketch could be written, while
others have removed from this to other
localities, and their present whereabouts
is generally unknown.

CONGRESSIONAL.

When the county of McDonough was
organized, in 1830, the state of Illinois
constituted but one congressional dis-
trict, and was represented in the council
of the nation by Joseph Duncan, a resi-
dent of Jackson and Morgan counties.
He was the second representative from
this state, succeeding Daniel P. Cook, in

March, 1827. He represented Illinois
in the 20th, 21st and 22d congress, or
from 1827 to 1833.

Under the apportionment act approved
February 13, 1831, the state was divided
into three districts, and the county of
McDonough was assigned a place in the
third district. In the 24th congress it
was represented by Joseph Duncan, but
for a short time, he resigning the same
on being elected governor of the state,
and was succeeded by William L. May,
of Springfield. He, also, served in the
25th congress.

The district was represented in the
26th congress, from 1839 to 1841, by
John T. Stuart, who was re-elected to
the 27th, serving until March, 1843-
This gentleman was born in Fayette
county, Kentucky, November 10, 1807.
He was educated at Danville college,
Kentucky, graduating in 1826, and
studied law under Judge Breck. In
1828 he came to Springfield and entered
upon the practice of law. It was in his
office that Abraham Lincoln studied for
the bar. In 1838 he ran against Stephen
A. Douglas for congress and beat him,
and in 1841 was re-elected, as above
stated. During his congressional career
he, during the session of 1841-3, secured
an appropriation for the harbor at Chi-
cago.

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

267

By the act of March 1, 1843, the
state was divided into seven districts,
and in the apportionment McDonough
county was placed in the sixth district.
The first election held under this act
was in August, 1843, and Joseph P.
Hoge, of JoDaviess county, was elected.
The district comprised the counties of
Stephenson, Winnebago, "JoDaviess, Car-
roll, Ogle, Lee, Whitesides, Rock Island,
Henry, Stark, Mercer, Henderson, War-
ren, Knox, Hancock and McDonough.
Mr. Hoge served in the 28th congress,
and was re-elected to the 29th, serving
until March 4, 1847.

Thomas J. Turner was the next repre-
sentative from the 6th district. He was
a member of the 30th congress. He was
a resident of Freeport.

In the 31st congress which convened
at Washington March 4, 1849, this, the
sixth district was represented by that
noble warrior-statesman, E. D. Baker.
He served in this congress. In after
years he drifted to the Pacific slope, and
in 1861, while serving as United States
senator from Oregon, his adopted home,
raised the 1st California regiment in
New York and Philadelphia. That
state refusing to father the matter after
this, this noble body of men were turned
over to the state of Pennsylvania, and
became the 71st Pennsylvania infantry,
and Colonel Baker commissioned anew.
He was soon brevetted brigadier-gen-
eral, and fell while gallantly leading his
men at the battle of Ball's Bluff, Octo-
ber 21, 1861.

By the act of August 22, 1852, the
state of Illinois was re-divided into nine
districts, and McDonough, associated
with the counties of Adams, Pike, Cal-

houn, Brown, Schuyler, Efancock and
Henderson, was erected into the fifth
district. Under this act, the first elec-
tion was held in November, 1852, and
William A. Richardson, of Quincy, was
elected, and served in the house of rep-
resentatives during the 33d congress.
He was re-elected to the 34th congress,
and served until August 18, 1856, when
he resigned, and was succeeded by Jacob
C. Davis, who was elected to fill the va-
cancy August 25. The latter served
until March 4, 1857.

Isaac N. Morris, a resident of Quincy,
Adams county, was the representative
of this district in the 35th congress, and
was re-elected to the 36th, serving four
years, from March 4, 1857. He was an
able man, and reflected credit upon his
constituents, who had sent him to the
national council.

William A. Richardson again was the
member from the fifth district in the
37th congress, and served two years dur-
ing the eventful days of the early part
of the civil war.

By the census of 1860, it was found
that the population of Illinois had so
increased as to be entitled to fourteen
congressmen, and under the apportion-
ment act of 1861, the state was re-dis-
tricted. By some error but thirteen dis-
tricts were made, but to rectify it, one
congressman was elected from the state-
at-large. McDonough county, by this
apportionment, became a part of the
ninth district, and had associated with it
the counties of Fulton, Mason, Menard,
Cass, Schuyler, Brown and Pike. The
district was represented in the national
house of representatives of the 38th
congress by Levi W. Ross. He was re-

268

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

elected to the 39th and 40th congresses,
serving, in all, six years.

Lewis W. Boss was born in Seneca
Falls, New York, on the 2d of Decem-
ber, 1812, and was the son of Ossian M.
and Mary (Winans) Boss. In 1821, his
father removed, with his family, to Illi-
nois, and after about a year spent in
Madison county, removed to Fulton
county. He laid out the town of Lewis-
town, and was prominently identified
with that county. He held the office of
sheriff, and was postmaster, both at Lew-
istown and Havana, the latter the shire
town of Mason county, which he laid
out, also, and where he died in 1836.
Lewis spent three years at Jacksonville
college, where he finished his education.
He read law with Josiah Lamborn, at
the same place, and was admitted to the
bar in 1837, and for 30 years was a prom-
inent member of the bar in Fulton
county. As an able advocate he has
had few peers in Central Illinois, and
was a powerful speaker, an adroit de-
bater, and able rhetorican. He was a
member of the state legislature from
1840 to 1844, inclusive, and a member of
two constitutional conventions, and dur-
ing the Mexican war served one year as
captain of company K, 4th Illinois in-
fantry, under the command of the cele-
brated Colonel Et-1). Baker. Mr. Boss
has always been identified with the dem-
ocratic party, and was by them elected
to congress as above stated. He was a
delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore
conventions in 1860, which nominated
S. A. Douglas for the presidency ; to the
St. Louis convention, in 1876, which
nominated S. J. Tilden ; and to the Cin-
cinnati convention, of 1880, that resulted

in the nomination of W. S. Hancock.
After leaving congress, Mr. Boss devoted
himself to mercantile pursuits, but after-
wards abandoned that and retired from
business cares, having accumulated a
fine property. He was married, June
13, 1839, to Frances M. Simms, and
they have had twelve children, six of
whom are living.

In the 41st congress, which convened
for the first time March 4, 1869, the
ninth district was represented by
Thompson W. McNeely, of Petersburg,
Menard county. He was re-elected to
the 42d congress, and served until March
1873. He was a native of Jacksonville,
Illinois, of Scotch-Irish descent, his
father being Bobert McNeely, and his
mother Ann Maria McNeely nee Ware.
The date of Thompson's birth was Oc-
tober 5, 1835. After receiving the fund-
amental portion of his education at the
district schools of Menard county,
whither his father had moved in 1839,
he spent one year at Jubilee college, Pe-
oria, and four years at the Lombard
university of Galesburg, graduating
from the latter with the degree of bach-
elor of arts, in 1856, and receiving his
master's degree three years later. He
studied law in Petersburg, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1857, teaching
school one term while studying his pro-
fession. He attended the law depart-
ment of the university of Kentucky and
graduated therefrom in March, 1859.
He has always taken a prominent posi-
tion in the legal profession and in poli-
tics affiliating with the Democratic
party.

Under the apportionment act of July
2, 1872, made on the basis of the census

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

269

of 1870, the state of Illinois was divided
into nineteen districts, and the counties
of McDonough, Mercer, Henderson,
Warren, Hancock and Schuyler were
placed in the tenth district. The first
election under this apportionment was
held in November, 1872. In the 43d
congress the new tenth district was rep-
resented by William H. Kay, of Rush-
ville, Schuyler county. He served one
term of two years; and was succeeded
by John C. Bagby, of the same town
and county, who represented the district
during the life of the 44th congress.

The 45th congress, during the two
years succeeding March 4, 1877, con-
tained as the representative of the people
of this district, Benjamin F. Marsh, a
citizen of Warsaw, Hancock county. He
was re-elected to the 46th and 47th con-
gresses.

In the fall of 1882, William H. Neece,
was elected to fill the place of member
of congress from this district and occu-
pied a prominent place in the house of
the 48th congress. He was re-elected
in 1884, and is the present representa-
tive in the national hall of representa-
tives.

William Henry Neece, member of con-
gress from the eleventh district, and a
prominent lawyer in Macomb, is a son
of Jesse and Mary D., (Maupin) Neece,
and was born in Sangamon county, now
a part of Logan, this state, February 26,
1831. In April of that year the family
moved into this county. His father
was a native of Kentucky; his mother
of Virginia. They were members of
the agricultural class, and reared their
children in habits of industry, their
farm being two miles south of Colches-

ter. Jesse Neece, the father of W. H.,
died in 1869; his mother, Mary A., 1837.
The subject of this sketch was engaged
in agricultural pursuits most of the time,
until nearly of age, receiving meanwhile
an ordinary English education, such as
a country school could furnish. From
1850 to 1852 he had some experience in
chopping in the valley of the Illinois; in
pork packing at Frederick, and in break-
ing prairie in this county. In the spring
of 1852 Mr. Neece commenced teaching,
and wound up his professional career in
this line in the spring of 1853. He then
started for the Pacific coast with his
older brother, George W. Neece and
family, crossing the plains by ox-team,
and reaching Portland, Oregon, early in
the autumn of that year. The next month
William went to California, an4 failing
as a miner, became a cook in a restau-
rant at Sacramento. In the spring of
1854 he engaged in mining with his
brother, near Grass Valley, in Nevada
county, California, and there remain-
ing until the spring of 1855, when
he returned to this county. In the au-
tumn of that year he became purchas-
ing agent for the firm of J. H. Baker &
Co., real estate dealers in Macomb, and
was thus employed for one year. On
May 3$ 1857, he was married to Janette
Ingals, of this county? and the same
year he commenced the study of law
with Hon. John Simpson Bailey, since
judge of the circuit court, and in 1858,
was admitted to the bar. He still ap-
plied himself very closely to his legal
studies, and in a few years began to rise
in his profession. In 1861 he was elected
to the city council of Macomb. In 1864
and 1870 he was elected to the legisla-

270

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ture. He was also a member of the
constitutional convention of the years
1869-70. He was the democratic nom-
inee for congress in the old tenth dis-
trict; was elected to the state senate in
1878, serving four years, and in the au-
tumn of 1882 was elected to congress in
a strong republican district. He was
re-elected in 1884 and was chairman of
committee on enrolled bills. Mr. and
Mrs. Neece have three children; Jesse
T., William A., and Orson B.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

When the county of McDonough was
organized in 1830, it was a part of a dis-
trict, then without a number, composed
of the counties of Pike, Adams, Fulton,
Peoria, Schuyler, and Jo Daviess, and
was represented in the senate of the
seventh general assembly by Henry
J. Boss, and in the house by Joel
Wright. This general assembly con-
vened at Vandalia, then the state capital,
on the 6th of February, 1830, and ad-
journed February 16, 1831.

The eighth general assembly met, at
the same city, on the 3d of December,
1832, and adjourned March 2, 1833.
The senatorial district composed of the
counties of Schuyler, Fulton, Kiiox,
Henry, Calhoun, Mercer, Warren, and
McDonough was represented in the sen-
ate by William McCreery, and in the
house, by William Edmonston. The
representative district was composed of
the counties of McDonough, Calhoun,
Warren, and Mercer.

The ninth general assembly convened
for its first session, at Vandalia, Decem-
ber 1, 1834, and adjourned February 13,
1835; its second session commenced

December 7, 1835, and. ended January
18, 1836. This county, which was asso-
ciated with the same counties as the last
was represented in the senate, by George
W. P. Maxwell, and in the house by
Peter Butler. The latter was a resident
of the town of Monmouth, Warren
county, and during the Black Hawk
war, was the captain of the company of
mounted rangers that went from this
and tlie adjoining county. He has been
dead many years, and is only remem-
bered by the oldest settlers of this lo-
cality.

On the 14th of January, 1836, a new
apportionment was made by which Mc-
Donough and Hancock were made one
senatorial district and was represented
by Thomas H. Owens. McDonough
county itself constituted a representa-
tive district and was served in the tenth
general assembly by William Edmons-
ton. This legislature convened at Van-
dalia, December 5, 1836 and adjourned
the first session, March 6, 1837; a sec-
ond session met on the 10th of July,
1837, and adjourned, sine die, July 22,
1837. William Edmonston was a Ten-
nessean by birth and came to this county
in 1829, from Indiana, In about 1840
he removed to the western part of Mis-
souri, where he died, during the rebel-
lion. Mr. Edmonston was at an early
date, the commissioner appointed by the
county to have charge of the sale of the
lots in the town of Macomb.

On the 3d of December, 1838, the
eleventh general assembly met at Van-
dalia for the last time and continued in
session until March 4, 1839. The sec-
ond session was convened at Spring-
field, December 9, 1839, and adjourned

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

271

February 3, 1840. McDonough county,
together with Hancock, was represented
in the senate by Sydney H. Little, and
still by itself, in the house by William
Edmonston. Sidney H. Little was a
resident of Carthage, and was after-
wards killed by a runaway horse.

The twelfth general assembly met in
regular session, at Springfield, on the
23d of November, 1840, and adjourned
December 5, 1840. A second session
met December 7, 1840, and continued
until March 1, 1841. S. H. Little in the
senate, still represented this district.
William W. Bailey, a citizen of this
county, was present as the delegate in
the house.

Col. William W. Bailey (deceased),
was among the pioneers of this county-
He was a son of William S. Bailey, a
native of Virginia, who was born in Cul-
pepper county, in 1768, and who emi-
grated to Kentucky in 1816, where he
continued to reside until his death,which
occurred in Adair county, in 1829. The
mother of the subject of this sketch was
formerly Betsy Macky, daughter of John
Macky, of Rockbridge county, Virginia.
William W., was born in Breckenridge
county, Virginia, November 25, 1796,
and early in life removed with his par-
ents to Kentucky, and there January
19, 1819, was married to Elizabeth Wal-
ker, daughter of James Walker, of Adair
county, Kentucky. He came to Mc-
Donough county in 1833, and settled in
Macomb, which was always afterward
his residence. Here he engaged in mer-
chandising, and his son George W., con-
tinues the business so early established,
a history of which appears elsewhere in
this work. This was among the pioneer

stores of the place, as well as this part
of the state, and the facilities for obtain-
ing goods at that day, would now be con-
sidered insurmountable by the mer-
chants who have their goods brought to
their very doors with little trouble or
expense. Then Mr. Bailey bought goods
in Baltimore, which were transported
across the mountains to Wheeling, in
wagons. He continued in the mercan-
tile business until 1862, when he retired
with a life competence. He was twice
married. His second wife was Hannah
A. Deane, to whom he was married May
5, 1864. She was a daughter of Philip
Deane, of Hillingly, Connecticut. Of
Mr. Bailey's family, James W., resides
in Missouri, and William S. and George
W., are in business in Macomb; Joseph
A., died in New York city, in 1854;
Samuel E., died in this county in 1852;
Henry, a member of the 16th Illinois
infantry, died March 16, 1862, from ex-
posure in camp; Mary, wife of D. G.
Tunnicliff, died April 21, 1865. As
early as the spring of 1818, Mr. Bailey
was elected captain of militia, and was
subsequently advanced to the rank of
major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel.
He was a worthy gentleman, and a
prominent business man, was quite active
in all matters of public interest, and
popular among the people. He was
called upon to fill the office of county
commissioner for two years, and in 1840,
represented this county in the state legis-
lature.

On the 5th of December, 1842, at
Springfield, the 13th general assembly
was convened, and Hugh Ervin repre-
sented the county in the house. A
new apportionment had been made in

272

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

February, 1841, and there seems to have
been no senator upon the rolls credited
to this county, or rather to the district in
which this county was included.

Hugh Ervin came to this county in
April, 1836, from Sangarnon county. He
is a native of Augusta county, Virginia,
born August 13, 1810. His life was
mostly spent upon a farm until Novem-
ber 11, 1834, at which time he was mar-
ried to Sarah R. Black, also a native of
Virginia. Soon after marriage he went
to Sangamon county, Illinois, remained
a short time, then came here as before
stated. He first rented land, but subse-
quently purchased a f arm,upon which he
lived until the spring of 1848, when he
removed to Macomb, and engaged in
general merchandizing until 1861. In
July of that year, he enlisted in the
28th Illinois volunteer infantry, and re-
ceived the appointment of quartermas-
ter, and remained in the service until
February, 1862. He then returned to
Macomb, and at this time ( 1885 ) resides
with his daughter, Mrs. Wilson.

The 14th general assembly convened
at Springfield December 2, 1844, and ad-
journed March 3, 1845. The district
composed of the counties of McDon-
ough, Warren and Henderson was, rep-
resented in the senate by William
McMillan, and in the house William H.
Randolph served the people of McDon-
ough county as representative.

At the election held in 1844, William
H. Randolph was chosen to represent
this district in the lower "house of the
general assembly, and was re-elected to
the same in 1846. He was born in War-
ren county, Ohio, August 20, 1813, near
the village of Lebanon. He was the son

of David and Rebecca (Sutphen) Ran-
dolph, who were natives of New Jersey,
but who removed from the state of their
nativity to Kentucky, where they re-
mained but a short time, when the mi-
grated to Ohio.

The early years of his life were spent
with his parents on a farm, and in atten-
dance on the common schools of the
neighborhood. When 16 or 17 years of
age he went to learn the trade of a fuller
or manufacturer of woolen goods, con-
tinuing with the firm until he reached
his majority, when he determined to
seek other and greater fields of labor,
and came to Rushville, Schuyler county,
in this state, where he remained for a
few months, and from thence came to
Macomb, in this county, where he resid-
ed until the day of his death. His par-
ents desired that he should pre-
pare himself for one of the
learned professions, for that purpose
having him take a regular collegiate
course, but William thought a trade
preferable, and therefore learned one, as
stated. When he arrived in Macomb he
had between $300 and $400, which he
invested in a small stock of groceries.
Continuing in that branch of business
until elected to the office of sheriff of
the county, in 1838, to which office he
was twice re-elected in 1840 and 1842.
In 1844 he was elected as a member of
the house of representative of the Illi-
nois legislature, and re-elected in 1846.
In 1848 he was elected to the office of
circuit clerk of the county and re-elected
in 1852, serving until 1856. Thus for
eighteen years without intermission he
held public offices in the county, on each
occasion of his election running ahead

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

273

of his ticket, being always popular with
the people. He was never beaten for
office.

In 1854, in company with Joseph M.
Parkinson, Joseph W. Blouiit and M. T.
Winslow, he opened the first banking
house in McDonough county. For two
years, or over, this institution prospered
greatly, but in an evil hour the company
was persuaded into an arrangement with
T. L. McCoy,of Galesburg,by which they
invested some $20,000 in the Nehama
Valley bank,issuing a certain per cent, of
the amount in notes, for which part only
they were to be held responsible, the ar-
Vangernent being that any banking in-
stitution investing in the enterprise
should be compelled to redeem only its
own issue; but a further arrangement
was made with the different parties that
all notes presented at either of their
banking houses, whether of the series
issued by themselves or not, might be
redeemed and sent to their respective
banks for final redemption. When the
crash came in 1858, when the Nemaha
Valley bank bubble burst, Messrs. Ran-
dolph '& Company redeemed their whole
issue, and over $5,000 of the notes of
other parties, for which they never ob-
tained value received. This firm would
not suspend until they found it was ut-
terly impossible ever to recover from the
other parties, and then, and not till then,
did they close their doors. The loss of
Mr. Randolph alone, by reason of the
failure of others to make good their
promises, was over $100,000. To his
honor be it said, not a man ever lost a
dollar by him. He did not compromise
with his creditors for a few cents on the
dollar, and then open out in grander

style than ever, but continued, as fast as
it was possible, to pay off his indebted-
ness, and when death called him away,
he was almost clear before the world.
One year more would probably have
placed him in the same position he oc-
cupied before the crash came.

Mr. Randolph was a man of great
public spirit, and his means were used
not only to increase his own wealth, but
for the public good. In 1856 he began
the erection of the well known Randolph
hotel, and finished it in the following
year. This stands to-day a monument
of the public enterprise of the man.
As a pecuniary investment it never paid,
but stands an honor to the city, and a
free will offering to the pride of the
people.

During the year in which the erec-
tion of the hotel was began, he laid off
for a public cemetery a tract of land just
north of the city, comprising eleven
acres, which he christened Oakwood
cemetery. For years the town had felt
the want for a suitable place for the
burial of the dead. The old cemetery,
west of town, was too small and very in-
convenient to the citizens of the place,
and with his accustomed liberality and
public spirit, Mr. Randolph selected the
prettiest and most eligible spot adjoin-
ing the town for this "City of the Dead."

On the 26th day of January, 1837, he
led to the marriage altar Matilda Jane
Brooking, daughter of the well-known
old pioneer, Thomas Brooking, with
whom he happily, lived until the day of
his death, No children ever blessed
their union.

In 1853, Mr. Randolph engaged in the
real estate business, in company with J.

274

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

M. Parkinson, under the firm name of
Randolph, Parkinson & Co., continuing
the same until November 3, 1856, when
the firm disposed of their interests to
McLean, Randolph & Co. The opera-
tions of this company were confined to
the region known as the Military Tract,
comprising some 16 counties, lying be-
tween the Illinois and Mississippi rivers,
and, for a time, were very extensive.
Several very fortunate ventures were
made, in which were realized a hand-
some sum of money, adding materially
to the wealth of Mr. Randolph. Having
an extensive acquaintance throughout
the section, and knowing well the geog-
raphy and topography ' of the country,
he was always qualified to judge of the
amount of risk that could be taken. In
this work he unearthed several huge
frauds that had been perpetrated upon
the people, and restored to the proper
persons their rights.

In 1858 he took charge of the Ran-
dolph hotel, having failed in securing a
suitable tenant, and continued in charge
until the day of his death, although the
duties of a landlord were rather oner-
ous, on account of the vast amount of
other business to which it was necessary
that he should give his personal atten-
tion.

In politics Mr. Randolph was always
radical. No one ever doubted his posi-
tion upon any of the great questions of
the day. In early life he affiliated with
the whig party, and the measures of that
party received his undivided support.
As a whig he was elected to the various
county offices which he held. On the
organization of the republican party, in
1854, he at once embraced the principles

proclaimed by its leaders. "Free press,
free speech and freedom" had ever been
with him a leading thought, and he en-
tered heartily and zealously into the
work of moulding public opinion for the
adoption of the new principles.

His business affairs on the organiza-
tion of the party were such as to pre-
vent him from taking the more active
part to which his ardent nature prompt-
ed him, but notwithstanding, the success
obtained in after years was greatly the
result of his labors.

In the presidential campaign of 1856,
notwithstanding his party was greatly
in the minority, he labored hard, and in
1860, when Abraham Lincoln was at the
head of the ticket, when victory was as-
sured from the division in the ranks of
the opposition,he ceased not to labor un-
til the announcement was made that the
favorite son of Illinois should be the
nation's chief for the term of four years.

When the southern states rebelled,
and the call to arms was made by the
president, the private business of Mr.
Randolph was such he could not, without
too great personal sacrifice, go forth to
the tented field, as he in his heart desired ;
but no man labored more to secure en-
listments; none, of their private means,
expended more to further the cause than
he. The soldier going to or from the
field was ever a welcome guest at his
house, and if they were possessed of no
means to pay their bills, it mattered not.
Whole companies were at times lodged
and fed by him without a cent being
paid.

On the 15th day of June, 1863, without
solicitation or previous notification, he
received the appointment of deputy pro-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

275

vost marshal for the district of McDon-
ough county, and 011 the 28th of Septem-
ber, 1864, he was re-appointed. His
friends all advised him not to accept the
appointment, as the duties required were
dangerous to perform, and there being
those in the county who were his deadly
and sworn enemies, they might seek a
pretext to take his life. The very rea-
sons urged for non-acceptance were such
as to determine him not to decline the
appointment; he would do nothing that
would show even a semblance of fear:
It was his desire to serve his government,
and he believed it was his duty to do so,
and the opportunity was here offered;
the duties were such as to require a man
of nerve, and he would not flinch. His
first duty was to make an enrollment of
the militia, reporting the names to the
provost marshal at Mt. Sterling. At this
time McDonough county was short in
the quota, and a draft was ordered; and
upon a certain day the number deficient
was drawn, and among the number was
one Jolin Bond, of Hire township. Mr.
Randolph at once notified him of the
draft, and ordered him to report at Mt.
Sterling, which not being done, he pro-
ceeded to Blandinsville for the purpose
of arresting him. Here the two met; a
few words passed between them ; Bond
endeavored to escape, when Mr. R., plac-
ing his hand upon his shoulder, told him
he was his prisoner. Bond then drew a
revolver, and, retreating a pace or two,
fired at Randolph and then fled, followed
by Mr. R., who returned the fire. Dur-
ing the firing of the first shots they were
in the hall of the hotel, from which
emerging, several more shots were ex-
changed, two of them taking effect upon

Mr. Randolph, mortally wounding him,
and causing death within 24 hours.
Everything that could be done by the
best medical talent in the county was
done to save his life, but without avail;
and thus passed from earth one of Mc-
Donough county's most honored sons.

Mrs. Randolph was born in Logan
county, Kentucky, in 1819, and, with her
parents, came to McDonough county,
where she was afterward married to W.
H. Randolph, now deceased. She is now
the owner of the Randolph House, as
also of a store building, livery barn, and
her present commodious dwelling.

The 15th general assembly met at
Springfield December 7, 1846, and ad-
journed March 1, 1847. William Mc-
Millan continued to serve this district in
the senate. In the house, William H.
Randolph, returned by a grateful con-
stituency, represented McDonough
county.

Before another general assembly had
met, the constitution of 1848 was adopted,
and under it a new apportionment of the
state was made, and McDonough county,
together with those of Schuyler, Brown
and Highland, were made the 16th sena-
torial district, while the county still con-
stituted a representative district. The
16th general assembly convened at
Springfield, January 1, 1849, and ad-
journed February 12, 1849; a second ses-
sion met October 22, 1849, and continued
until November 7, 1849. This district
was represented in the senate by John P.
Richmond, a citizen of Schuyler county,
and McDonough county was represented
in the house by Josiah Harrison. The
representative district was numbered 38.

The 17th general assembly met at

276

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Springfield, January 6, 1850, and ad-
journed February 17, 1851 ; a second ses-
sion convened June 7, 1852, and contin-
ued until June 23, 1852. The 16th sena-
torial district was represented by John
P. Kichmond, a resident of Schuyler
county. McDonough county, then con-
stituting the 38th representative district,
was served by John Huston.

John Huston was born near Sparta,
White county, Tennessee, May 17, 1808.
His parents were Walter and Nancy
(Bradshaw) Huston, the former being a
Virginian by birth and the latter a Ken-
tuckian. Both were hard-working, in-
dustrious people, poor in this world's
goods, and therefore the advantages af-
forded their children were but few to at-
tain anything like a fair education. John
Huston had only a limited knowledge of
his mother tongue, together with the
sciences taught in the schools of the day,
having the opportunity of attending only
such schools as gave instruction in the
simple rudiments of the language. Be-
fore reaching his majority, Mr. Huston
led to the marriage altar Ann Melvin,
with whom he happily lived until sep-
arated by death. They were married in
his native county, on the second day of
October, 1828, and twelve days thereaf-
ter the young couple, with all their
worldly goods, departed for the great
West, intending to make Illinois, with
its beautiful prairies and grand groves,
their home for the future. On the
eleventh day of November, 1828, they ar-
rived in Morgan county, where they re-
mained some sixteen months, when they
came to this county, arriving here on the
fourteenth day of March, 1830. When
they arrived in the county, all they pos-

sessed of worldly property was one horse,
an old-fashioned one-horse cart, a few
household goods and fifty cents in money.
Selecting their claim, a log house was
erected, into which the family moved.
There being 110 door cut, a log was re-
moved, and all crawled in. This w r as the
beginning of their life in McDonough
county. When Mr. Huston arrived in
the county it was unorganized, and in
the work of organization which occurred
some months after, he bore an honorable
part, and was appointed the first treas-
urer of the county, which office he held
but a few months, the duties requiring
his presence in Macomb, and therefore
could not be attended to by him, without
the loss of more time than he could
spare from his private affairs. Other
officers of minor importance were thrust
upon him, which he filled to the satisfac-
tion of those by whom he was elected.
He never sought office at any time in his
life; his personal feelings requiring to
be sacrificed in accepting public position,
but in 1847, he received the nomination
of his party for member of the consti-
tutional convention called for the pur-
pose of amending the constitution of the
state, and was triumphantly elected. His
services in that body were such as to se-
cure his nomination in 1850, for the of-
fice of representative in the general as-
sembly. Being elected thereto he served
his time and again was re-nominated in
1852, but was defeated on local grounds.
He was no orator, never having given
any special attention to public speaking,
the labors of life being in tilling the
soil, and whatever talent he may have
had for oratory was never cultivated.
He was a man of but few words, but all

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

277

that were said were direct to the point,
the meaning being plain and manifest to
all. Common sense was characteristic
of the man in all that he said or done.
In politics he was a democrat of the
Jackson school, but his politics never in-
terfered with the discharge of his duties
as a public officer. When Mr. Huston
settled on section 3 there were only
about six or eight families in the neigh-
borhood, and probably not more than
twenty-five in the whole county. The
first winter passed in his new home was
the one in which occurred the ever
memorable and never to be forgotten big
snow, of which mention is frequently
made in this work. The hardships en-
dured by the family were such as were
common to all, serving to strengthen
them for the trials that should come af-
ter. Mr. Huston was the father of eight
children, seven boys and one girl, the
latter being now the wife of Strawther
Givens, of Abingdon, 111. Of the boys,
it can be said, all now living occupy hon-
orable positions in society, two having
been called to their reward. John Hus-
ton departed this life on the 8th day of
July, 1854, being 46 years and two months
old. His loss was deeply felt by friends
throughout the whole state, and his
memory is yet held in grateful remem-
brance, and will be while the life of
those living who were intimate with him
shall last.

The 18th general assembly convened
for its first session, January 3, 1853, and
continued until February 14, of the same
year; a second session met February 9,
1854, and adjourned March 4, 1854.
J. M. Campbell, of McDonough county,
was the senator from this district.

James M. Randolph was the repre-
sentative from the 38th district. Mr.
Randolph was the owner of the mill in
Lamoine township, which he operated
for. years. A very active, enterprising
man, to whose exertions a part of the
credit of the location of the Northern
Cross railroad through this county in
due. In later years he removed to Car-
thage, Hancock county, where he died.

James Morrison Campbell, the oldest
settler in Macomb, still living there, is a
native of Frankfort, Kentucky, and was
born August 22, 1803. His parents were
John R. and Margaret F. (Self) Camp-
bell. His grandfather, Robert Camp-
bell, came to this country with his wife,
Nancy Campbell, from Argyleshire,Scot-
land, in 1773, and when two years later,
war with England commenced, he took
up arms against the mother country.
Robert Campbell settled in Virginia,
where both parents of James were born.
They moved to Kentucky, about the be-
ginning of this century, and when the
son was about four years old, the family
moved from Frankfort to Mecklenburgh
county, where they remained about two
years.

In 1809, John R. Campbell, who was
a blacksmith by trade, came into this
state and settled at Shawneetown, and
while there in 1812 and two years subse-
quently, was a lieutenant of rangers,
fighting against the Indians, whom the
British had instigated to raise the war
whoop. When peace was declared Lieu-
tenant Campbell did not return imme-
diately, and his wife supposing him to
be dead, returned with her little family
of three children to the old home in
Frankfort. To her great joy her hus-

278

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

band soon joined her. The Frankfort
seminary was then a popular institu-
tion, and in it James was kept for four
years, under a first-class disciplinarian,
Professor Keene O'Hara. In 1820,
when only seventeen years old, Mr.
Campbell was appointed deputy post-
master at Frankfort holding that posi-
tion between five and six years under
James W. Hawkins. Resigning his
place in the post-office, our subject
went to Lexington, and not long after-
ward received a mail bag with a suit of
clothes in it from his friend, the post-
master, Not being successful in finding
a situation in Lexington, Mr. Campbell
returned to Frankfort, and in the spring
of 1828 went to Shelby county, Ken-
tucky. The next winter he started for
Galena, Jo Daviess county, this state,
but spent that winter at Nashville, Ten-
nessee, reaching the lead mines in Aug-
ust, 1829. His uncle, William Camp-
bell, was then the general agent of the
government as receiver of the rents of
the mines at Galena, and the nephew
was with him a few months, and then
went into the office of the circuit and
county clerk, remaining in that situa-
tion until the spring of 1831. On the
first day of April of that year, he reach-
ed Macomb, which then had a popula-
tion of four persons Rev. John Baker,
a Baptist minister, wife and two little
daughters Mr. Campbell swelling the
population to five. Where the public
square now stands, ornamented by a
fine and substantial court house, the last
year's grass aud rosin weeds were six
feet high, and except the cabin of Mr.
Baker there was not a building of any
kind within nearly a mile of where Ma-

comb now stands. In 1831 there were
not more than 80 voters in the county.
Mr. Campbell came here with commis-
sions in his pocket from Judge Richard
M. Young, for clerk of the circuit court,
and was appointed by governor John
Reynolds to the offices of judge of pro-
bate, county recorder, and notary pub-
lic, and was appointed clerk of the
county commissioners' court by the
county commissioners in 1831, but there
was not much county business just then
to be done, and he built a log-house on
what is now Jefferson street, and opened
the first store in McDonough county.
He was also appointed the first post-
master of Macomb. He was also ap-
pointed the first notary public and the
first judge of probate, but these two of-
fices he refused to accept. The offices
of circuit and county clerk, recorder
and post-master he held for 16 years,
except one interim of three' months in
the post-office. Not long afterward he
became clerk of the county commission-
er's court, and held that office 15 years.
During the Black Hawk war (1832).
Mr. Campbell was in Major Bogart's
battalion, and served to the end, the pay
being 86 cents a day, for himself and
horse for 86 days. In 1846 he was ap-
pointed assistant commissary, and as-
signed to the third regiment, Illinois in-
fantry, but he did only three months
service in the Mexican war^ He was a
member of the constitutional convention
in 1847 ; was elected to the state senate,
in 1852, and was a member of the fin-
ance committee during the four years
that he served in that body. Mr. Camp-
bell was originally a whig, but took ex-
ception to Mr. Clay's speech (1832)

Eng"byE GWillianra iBra M.v:

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILUN01'

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

281

against the pre-emption of lands to act-
ual settlers, and has since voted with
the democratic party, serving many
years on the county and state central
committees. He was a delegate to the
national convention in 1856, when Mr.
Buchanan was nominated, and again in
1860, when Mr. Douglas was nominated
was a member of the national democra-
tic convention at Charleston, South
Carolina, and at Baltimore, Maryland.
Mr. Campbell has done a good deal of
valuable work in the city council, and
in the board of supervisors, and in
many ways as is here seen, he has served
his constituents, always with faithful-
ness and marked ability.

A few months after coming to Ma-
comb, in August 1831, Mr. Campbell
was married at St. Charles, Missouri, to
Clarissa Hempstead, who died in 1842,
leaving one son and four daughters,
three of whom, the son and two daugh-
ters, are still living. In 1843 he was
married to Mrs. Louisa F. Berry, a
daughter of John Farwell and a sister
of Captain G. L. Farwell, of Macomb,
he having by her three sons and one
daughter. Mr. Campbell's oldest daugh-
ter, Mary Eliza, was the first female
child born in the city of Macomb. It
was Mr. Campbell's pen which drew the
original plat of the town, which was
adopted by the county commissioners,
and he named every street in the town.
He is thoroughly identified with the his-
tory of this city and county. He built
the first store, the first frame house, the
first three school houses and the first
public hall in Macomb; was the first
post-master in the county; the first
county clerk, recorder, and has been

the first and foremost man in many im-
portant enterprises. Although more
than 80 years old, his mind is clear, and
he has a vivid recollection of early
times and pioneer days in this county,
and the historian has been able from
him to obtain many facts of much im-
portance, no where else obtainable.
McDonough county was extremely for-
tunate in her early history, in having
such a man to plan and execute, whose
ability was well known, and whose hon-
esty was unquestioned. He has witnes-
sed the development of this county from
a state of natural wilderness, to a thrifty
and well peopled land, and in its transfor-
mation he has contributed more of time
and brains, and money directly and in-
directly, than any other man, and can to-
day with a 'good degree of commendable
pride, point to his record, and have the
satisfaction which comes only from a
life well spent, an honored name so fairly
won.

The 19th general assembly convened
at the state capital January 1, 1855, and
adjourned February 15, 1855. McDon-
ough county having been changed to a
place in the tenth district, was repre-
sented in the senate by James M. Camp-
bell. Louis H. Waters represented the
32d district in the house. A sketch of
the latter gentleman will be found in
connection with the history of the bar
of the county, a profession which he
graced and ornamented.

On the 5th of January, 1857, the 20th
general assembly of the state met at
Springfield and continued in session un-
til February 19, 1857. William C. Gou-
dy, of Fulton, was the senator, and
George Hire represented the county of

282

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

McDonough, then the thirty-second dis-
trict, in the house.

George Hire came to McDonough
county in 1851, his son Jesse having set-
tled here some four years previously.
He never owned any real estate in the
shape of farm land. Being a man of
means, he lived on the interest of his
money. He was born in West Virginia,
but when quite young his parents, who
were of German descent, removed to
Ohio. He was, on attaining the age of
manhood, united in wedlock with Cath-
erine Bryant, a native of Virginia, by
whom he had five children; Jesse, Mary
A., Jefferson, Margaret and Elizabeth.
He was a man of superior abilities and
took a prominent part in the politics of
this his adopted county, being one of
the leaders of the democratic party in
this locality. Hire township was named
after him.

The 21st general assembly convened
at Springfield, January 3, 1859, and ad-
journed February 24, following. William
C.Goudy was again in the senate from this
district, and in the house the county was
represented by William Berry. The lat-
ter named gentleman came to McDon-
ough county from Indiana, and resided
at Macomb. The "colonel," as he was
called, died at this place a few years
ago, honored and respected by all.

The first session of the 22d general
assembly met at Springfield, January 7,
1861, and adjourned February 22, and a
second session commenced April 23,
1861, and continued until May 3 of the
same year. In the senate William Ber-
ry, of McDonough county, represented
the district. In the house of represen-
tatives S. H. McCandless was the dep-

uty from this county, and filled the place
with credit and honor to himself and
friends.

The 23d general assembly of Illinois
convened at Springfield, January 5, 1863,
and adjourned February 14, 1863, until
June 2, 1863. On the latter date it again
met, in pursuance to the adjournment,
and was, on the 10th of June, prorogued
by the governor, until December 31,
1864, on which day it convened and ad-
journed. In this assembly McDonough,
then a part of the 14th senatorial dis-
trict, was represented in the senate by
William Berry, of this county. Lewis
G. Reid was the member of the house
from this county.

In mentioning the prominent men of
McDonough county in this volume, we
will not fail to speak of Lewis G. Eeid,
attorney, who has served the people in
an official capacity, a number of times,
giving supreme satisfaction. He is a
native Kentuckian, and was born in
Mason county on the 16th day of April,
1813, his parents being Lewis E. and
Elizabeth (Peyton) Beid, both of whom
were natives of Virginia state. Lewis
G. was the eldest child of a family of
seven children, and was reared and edu-
cated in his native county. In April,
1834, he started for the west, on horse-
back, and located in Sangamon county,
Illinois, returning to his Kentucky home
in the fall, and bringing his father's
family to the home he had picked out
for them. In 1838 he removed to Win-
nebago county, Illinois, and from there
to Stephenson county, same state, three
years later. In 1853 he returned to
Kentucky and remained till 1858, at
which time he removed to Lamoine

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

283

township, McDonough county, and loca-
ted on the northwest quarter of section
28, where he improved a farm, which he
still owns. In 1869 he located on the
northwest quarter of section 31, where he
lived until October, 1882, when he re-
moved to Colchester, where he at pres-
ent resides. In 1862 Mr. Reid was ad-
mitted to the McDonough county bar,
but has never made a specialty of this
profession. He was elected county super-
visor in 1860, and served as such for 21
years. He served the people of his dis-
trict as representative in the general as-
sembly one term, being elected in 1863.
When the county court house was being
built he served as superintendent of
construction. The structure was finished
in 1872, and gave entire satisfaction to
the people of the county, thus speaking
volumes for Mr. Reid. At present he
holds the position of notary public. His
marriage with Sarah A. Moore, a native
of Kentucky, was solemnized on Sunday,
January 1, 1843. Her death occurred in
the month of March, 1843. Two chil-
dren of that marriage are still living
Anna C. and Louis N. Mr. Reid was
again married, in September, 1857, to
Mrs. Cyrena Tristo, a widow, Three
children by this union are still living
Lucien, Edward and Harry L. but Mrs.
Reid died in 1865. Lewis G. Reid and
Lucy Tandy were married on the 29th
day of January, 1879. Mrs. Reid is a
native of the state of Kentucky, but was
reared in Missouri,

On January 2, 1865, the 24th general
assembly met in regular session, at
Springfield, and adjourned the 16th of
February following. The 14th district
was represented in the senate by James

Strain, a resident of Monmouth, Warren
county. This district consisted of the
counties of McDonough, Henderson,
Mercer and Warren, The 29th repre-
sentative district, comprising the county
of McDonough, was represented by Wil-
liam H. Neece, of Macomb. A sketch
of the latter named gentleman can be
found in connection with the record of
congressmen.

The 25th general assembly held three
sessions, the first commencing January
7, 1867, which adjourned February 28;
the second convened June 11, and ad-
journed June 13; and the third com-
menced June 14, and adjourned June 28,
1867. In the senate, James Strain con-
tinued to represent this district, and in
the house, Amaziah Hanson was the
member from McDonough county.

Samuel Hanson, grandfather of Ama-
ziah Hanson, one of Mound township's
leading citizens, was reared on the east-
ern shore of Maryland. He removed
from there to Mason county, Kentucky,
where James, father of Amaziah, was
born November 17, 1799. Samuel re-
moved to Ross county, Ohio, when James
was but nine months old. In that county
Samuel lived the remainder of his days,
dying in February, 1832, aged 82 years.
James was married in Ross county, Ohio,
to Elizabeth Mackey. She was a native
of Centre county, Pennsylvania, born in
1803, and daughter of James W. and
Hannah (Powell) Mackey. She re-
moved to Ross county, Ohio, with her
father in 1820, and was there married.
There their son Amaziah, the subject of
this sketch, was born, on the 25th day of
April, 1825. He was reared there, and
was married May 10, 1855, to Keturah

284

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Clark. While on a visit to her sister, in
Missouri, she died, August 26, 1858, Mr.
Hanson arriving in time to witness her
death. Her remains were interred at
Chillicothe, Ohio. Mr. Hanson was
married again near Circleville, Ohio, on
the 17th of September, 1861, to Eliza
Fryback. The fall previous Mr. Hanson
had come out to this county and pur-
chased land on section 10, New Salem
township. On the day they were mar-
ried he started with his wife for this
county. They decided not to locate per-
manently on the farm just then, and
coming to Macomb they lived there until
March, 1862, when they removed to the
farm. In December, 1874, Mr. Hanson
went with his family to Bates county,
Missouri, where he lived until October,
1877, when he returned to McDonough
county and located on his present farm,
which is on the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 30, Mound township. The names
of Mr. Hanson's children, who are all
the issue of his second marriage, are as
follows: Emerson, born December 12,
1864; Ealph, born December 2, 1866;
Grier, born June 24, 1870; Myra, born
October 24, 1873; Lettie, born in Mis-
souri, February 14, 1875, died' August
27, 1875; Ivan Mackey, born September
9, 1876, in Missouri; Edmund, born
August 15, 1879; Katie, born December
5, 1881 ; and Anna Marie, born August 2,
1883. In 1866 Mr. Hanson was elected
representative of this county in the house
of representatives, and attended the ses-
sion of 1867. It was in this year that
the 14th amendment to the constitution
was ratified, Mr. Hanson recording him-
self in favor of it. He also helped elect
Lyman Trumbull to the .United States

senate. He studied law in Ohio, and
was admitted to the bar in June, 1852, at
Delaware, Ohio. He practiced his pro-
fession at Chillicothe, and was elected
clerk of the court there two terms. In
1867 he received a license from the su-
preme court of Illinois to practice law in
this state, but has never followed the
legal profession since coming to Illinois.
He was twice elected justice of the peace
in New Salem township; he has served
as school treasurer, and is now holding
that position in Mound township. In
religious matters he is also prominent.
He is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal church at Bardolph. He was three
times lay delegate to the Central Illinois
conference, and is now president of the
county Sunday school convention. So
it will be seen that Mr. Hanson's life
has been one of action and usefulness.
He is a member of the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, and has been
twice a representative to the grand lodge.
His two oldest sons are teachers in the
county. When Mr. Hanson was a young
man he taught school six years, and fol-
lowed this vocation while studying law.
He is a man highly respected, and enjoys
a large and wide acquaintance among
the people of McDonough county.

The 26th general assembly, which con-
vened at Springfield the 4th of January,
1869, contained as the representative of
this district Isaac McManus, of Keiths-
burg, Mercer county, in the senate, and
Humphrey Horrabin, of Blandinsville,
in the house. The assembly adjourned
April 20, 1869.

Humphrey Horrabin was born in Al-
lerton, near Liverpool, England, on the
15th of December, 1817. His parents,

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

285

James and Frances (Sharpless) Horra-
bin, were poor in this world's goods, and
gave him the. opportunity to attend the
subscription school of his native country
only a few months. But he was in-
structed well in the doctrines of the
church, its discipline, etc. In 1829,
when 13 years of age, he was bound an
apprentice to learn the trade of shoe-
maker, the time of his service to be
seven years. Completing the required
time as an apprentice, he continued at
the trade as a journeyman until his re-
moval to this country, and for 10 years
thereafter. On the 3d day of October,
1836, he was married to Elizabeth
Smalley, of England, by whom he had
six children, only one of whom is now
living. Mrs. Horrabin died at her home
near Blandinsville, on the 25th of July,
1870, in the full assurance of faith, hav-
ing been a servant of Christ for many
years as a zealous member of the Method-
ist Episcopal church. After working at
his trade in the old country for 18 years,
Mr. Horrabin was forced to the conclus-
ion that no opportunity was offered
there, even to the most industrious, for
any very rapid advancement, and turn-
ing his eyes toward the new world, he
determined on emigrating and endeav-
oring to build up a name and home for
himself and family. In the spring of
1847 he sailed for America, and on the
1st of May arrived in New Orleans,
from which place he proceeded to Lew-
istown, Fulton county, Illinois. Here
he engaged as a journeyman, and as
such worked for some months. In com-
ing to this country he had not the means
to bring his family, therefore it was his
first thought to accumulate sufficient

money to send for them. In order to do
this, he thought best to only draw so
much of his wages per week as would be
necessary for his individual wants, and
leave the balance until it should be suf-
ficient for his purpose. When the sum
had reached $200, he concluded to draw
it, but on calling for it, he was informed
by the firm that they could not pay, as
they were bankrupt. This was a sad
blow to him. After working hard for
months, and stinting himself in the en-
joyments of the many comforts of this
life, to be deprived of all his hard earn-
ings and the privilege of again behold-
ing his family for many months. He
was now thrown out of employment, but
right here, some of the prominent citi-
zens of the place came to his assistance,
purchasing for him a stock of leather,
tools, etc., and giving him his own time
to pay for them. He was thus enabled
to go on, and soon had the satisfaction
of gathering around him his loved family.
Mr. Horrabin remained in Lewistown
five years, when, thinking to better him-
self, he purchased of Charles Chandler,
of Macomb, the southeast quarter of sec-
tion 14, Blandinsville township, where
he yet resides. He paid for the quarter
$300, and has. since repeatedly refused
$10,000 for it. Without any previous
experience in farm life he began its im-
provement, and now has one of the best
farms in the county. In 1859, becoming
somewhat pressed financially by the fail-
ure of many of the banks of the country,
and in order to relieve himself the more
speedily, he rented his farm, and mov-
ing into Tennessee, this county, he again
returned to his trade which he continued
for five years, at the expiration of which

286

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

time he returned to the farm. In the
county convention in 1868, he received
the nomination for representative to the
general assembly, to which position he
was triumphantly elected, and where he
served with honor to himself and con-
stituents. Mr. Horrabin's mother died
in England, December 31, 1876, and was
buried in St. Michael's churchyard,
Garston. Mr. Horrabin, although a poor
man when he landed in this country, has
succeeded, by energy, thrift and ability,
in amassing a fine competence and is
noted among the foremost citizens of
the county. In 1872, he paid a visit to
his 'native land, and while there was
united in marriage with Mary Ockle-
shaw, the daughter of James and Jane
(Branhill) Ockleshaw, of Lancashire,
England. They are the happy parents
of one child, a boy, whose name is Hum-
phrey James. He is a bright and indus-
trious boy, and at school is noted for
his assiduity in study.

The first regular session of the 27th
general assembly began on the 4th of
January, 1871, and on the 17th of April
following it was adjourned until Novem-
ber 15,1871. A special session commenced
May 4, 1871, and lasted until June 22, and
a second special session met October 13,
and adjourned October 24. It again met
in regular adjourned session November
15, 1871, and on the 9th of April, 1872,
adjourned sine die. This was the first
assembly under the constitution of 1870.
This instrument made the senate to con-
sist of 50 senators, and the house of 175
representatives. McDonough county, as-
sociated with those of Henderson, Mercer
and Warren made up the 14th senatorial
district. In the house, the minority

representation system having been
adopted in the constitution, by which
three members from eacG 1 district were
entitled to seats, the county of McDon-
ough, now the 59th district, was repre-
sented by two gentlemen, William H.
Neece and James Manly, both of
Macomb. B. R. Hampton, of Macomb,
McDonough county, and Harvey S.
Senter, of Aledo, Mercer county, were
the senators. A sketch of Mr. Hamp-
ton may be found in the chapter on the
press of the county.

James Manly, a representative man of
Macomb city, is a native of Ohio, and
was born January 29, 1813. His par-
ents were of Irish, Dutch and Scotch
extraction, and native Pennsylvanians,
his father having been born in York
county, and his mother in Washington
county. His father emigrated to Ohio,
in 1804. In 1843 he came to Fulton
county, where he improved a fine farm
and made that his home until 1856, when
he came to Mound township, took up
government land on section 22, 320 acres.
He was at that time in limited circum-
stances, and could not for some time
make much improvement on this land.
He traded in lands to a considerable ex-
tent, owning at one time 500 acres. He
succeeded at length in improving a place
which made a beautiful home. In 1862
he rented his farm and moved to Bush-
nell. In 1872 he removed to Macomb,
where he now has a pleasant home.
Meanwhile in 1860, March 3, he was
married to Mrs. Elizabeth Prentiss, who
was a native of Pennsylvania, and of
Scotch descent. She came to Schuyler
county, in 1841, and in Vermont, Mr.
Manly formed her acquaintance. Her

HISTORY OF, McDONOUGH COUNTY.

287

former husband, William Preiitiss,was a
physician, and her only child living, is
William Prentiss, of Macomb, a distin-
guished lawyer and a popular gentle-
man. Mr. Manly has been in public
life to a considerable extent, having been
on the board of supervisors in Fulton
county, and in this county. His effi-
ciency as a public servant, and popu-
larity as a citizen, was well attested in
his election to the state legislature in
1870, where he remained two years, and
served with honor to himself and satis-
faction to his constituency. Politically
he may be called a greenbacker, with
radical temperance ideas. Mr. and Mrs.
Manly are both active Christian people,
and she is an indefatigable worker in the
Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

The 28th general assembly convened
at Springfield, January 8, 1873; ad-
journed May 6, 1873, until January 4,
1874; and met in adjourned session on
the latter date and continued until March
31, 1874, when it adjourned sine die.
The senatorial districts had been
changed according to the act of March
1, 1872, previous to the meeting of this
assembly, and Warren and McDonough
counties were associated together as the
23d senatorial district and was repre-
sented by B. E. Hampton, of Macomb.
In the house, the 23d district, composed
of the counties of Warren and McDon-
ough, was represented by William A.
Grant, of Monmouth, Warren county;
John E. Jackson, of Colchester, and E.
K. Westf all, of Buslmell, in this county.

J. E. Jackson was for many years one
of the enterprising agriculturalists of
this county, but having a strong bias
toward the profession of law, practiced

some in Colchester, where he resided,
and where he died.

E. K. Westf all, M. D., the pres-
ent postmaster of Bushnell, is a native
of Thornton, Boone county, Indiana,
having been born there on the 8th of
January, 1839. He is a son of Cornelius
and Sarah (Davis) Westf all, the former
of whom was a native of Randolph
county, Virginia, and the latter of Tren-
ton, New Jersey. Cornelius Westfall
was born in a fort, where the town of
Beverly, Virginia now stands. When
21 years of age, he went to Elizabeth-
town, Hardin county, Kentucky. Later
he went to Ohio, where he taught the
first school opened in Dayton. From
there he removed to Troy, Ohio, which
town he surveyed, and at one time held
all of the county offices, and was circuit
clerk for 24 years. In 1835 he removed
to Indiana, and, in the spring of 1864, to
McDoiiough county, Illinois, locating at
Macomb for a few months, then moving
onto a farm about five miles northeast of
that city, where he died in 1855. Dr.
Westfall followed farming and school-
teaching until April, 1861, where he en-
listed in company B, 16th Illinois vol-
unteers, and was mustered into the ser-
vice of the United States as orderly ser-
geant, on the 24th of May. October 1,
1861, he was promoted second lieuten-
ant, and April 7, 1862, commissioned
first lieutenant, which position he held
until the fall of that year, when he was
discharged on account of disability,
which disabled him for some eighteen
months after his discharge. He had
commenced the study of medicine under
his brother, Dr. B. R. Westfall, of Ma-
comb, in 1859, and resumed the same af-

288

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ter his term of service. In 1865-66 he
attended the Hahnemaii medical college
of Chicago, and in the spring of 1867,
opened an office in Bushnell, where he
has since continued to reside. He has
built up a large and lucrative practice,
and as a physician is possessed of much,
skill and good judgement in the discern-
ment and treatment of diseases. The
doctor is a public spirited gentleman,
and takes especial pride in whatever
tends to promote the interests of his
city and county. He has served Bush-
nell as a supervisor and as a member of
the city council. In 1872 and 1876, he
represented McDonough county in the
house of representatives, and was an
acknowledged "working member," doing
much good in the committee rooms. He
was lieutenant colonel of the 7th regi-
ment, which he took an active part in or-
ganizing, but has since resigned. Dr.
E. K. Westfall and Emma Curl were
married in December, 1871, and her
death occurred in October, 1872. The
doctor was again married in 1878, to
Irene Wann, a native of Pennsylvania.
Their union has been blessed with two
children Mary H. and Clara E. The
doctor is a member of the Knights of
Pythias, the Knights of Honor, and the
Grand Army of the Republic. He is
the representative of Bushnell post, G.
A. R., to the grand encampment, and
is also the commander of the uniformed
rank of the Knights of Pythias.

The 29th general assembly was con-
vened at Springfield, January 6, 1875,
and adjourned April 15, the same year.
John T. Morgan, of Monmouth, Warren
county, was the senator from this dis-
trict. In the house, the interests of this

and the adjoining county of "Warren,
constituting the 23d district, was in the
hands of Isaac L. Christie and C. W.
Boydston, of Warren county, and A. W.
King, of Macomb, McDonough county.

The 30th general assembly met in reg-
ular session at Springfield, January 3,
1877, and adjourned May 24 following.
John T. Morgan was still in the senate.
In the house C. W. Boydston, of Warren
county, E. K. Westfall, of Bushnell,
and Charles H. Whitaker, of Macomb,
McDonough county, represented this
district. Mr. Westfall has been men-
tioned previously, and a sketch in full
detail in regard to Charles H. Whita-
ker, will be found by the reader in the
chapter in relation to the press of
McDonough county.

The 31st general assembly convened
at the state capital, January 8, 1879, and
continued in session until May 31, fol-
lowing, when it adjourned. William H.
Neece, the present member of congress,
represented the district in the senate,
and Henry M. Lewis and Edwin W. Al-
len, both of Warren county, and Henry
Black, of McDonough county, were the
members from this, the 23d district.

The 32d general assembly convened at
Springfield in January, 1881, and the
district was represented in the house by
William C. McLeocl and Simeon B.
Davis, of this county, and Daniel D.
Perry, of Warren county. Willliam H.
Neece was still the senator.

William C. McLeod, while not an early
settler of the county, has been called on
to fill so many offices of profit and trust
in this county since his residence here,
that he may be properly classed among
its foremost people. He was born near

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

289

New Town, Frederick county, Virginia,
March 25, 1825, and is the the son of
John B. and Ann S. (Carson) McLeod,
both natives of that same county. The
elder McLeod was a practicing physi-
cian, who for 30 years followed his pro-
fession in and around New Town. He
was a man of considerable ability, and
served his county in the legislature of
his native state for two years. He died
in McDonough county, in 1865, while on
a visit to his son William. Dr. McLeod
lived upon a farm adjoining the village
of New Town, and here the subject of
this sketch passed his early life. Until
18 years of age he passed his time in
working upon the farm and in attending
the select school of the village, where he
made rapid progress in securing an edu-
cation. When he reached the above
mentioned age, he engaged with a firm
in New Town to learn the trade of
carpenter, choosing this rather than the
profession that his parents desired him
to study. At this trade he labored for
eleven years, becoming quite proficient
in all its branches. In 1850 Mr. McLeod
left his native state, and for several
years resided in Palmyra, Missouri.
Here he continued to follow his trade,
and for a time, in company with a Mr.
Phelps, under the firm name of Phelps
& McLeod, carried on the business of
lumber dealers in addition to contracting
and building. Many of the public and
private buildings of Palmyra were erected
under his supervision. In 1858 Mr.
McLeod received the appointment from
the governor to superintend the enlarge-
ment of the state penitentiary at Jeffer-
son City, Missouri, and while attending
to the work, he received word of the

sudden and dangerous illness of his
wife, who was then on a visit to relatives
in this county. Leaving the work in
charge of another, he hastened to the
bedside of his wife, expecting to return
as soon as possible to finish his contract,
|put circumstances conspired to prevent
this, and compelling him to resign the
position. Some years previous to this,
he had visited this county, and was im-
pressed with the fertility of its soil and
the natural advantages which it enjoyed.
He now determined on locating here and
making this his future home. That de-
cision he has never since regretted. He
came to McDonough county in October,
1858, and settled upon section 14, Em-
met township, where he has since con-
tinued to reside. Mr. McLeod has been
twice married; first to Mary W. Miller,
daughter of Eobert F. Miller, one of the
pioneers of old McDonough county ; sec-
ond to Martha E. Simpson, of Warren
county, Virginia. Eight children were
the result of the first union, five girls
and three boys, four of whom yet live,
the rest, with the mother, having crossed
over the river. Mrs. McLeod died in
May, 1865. The second marriage of Mr.
McLeod occurred October 5, 1868. They
have had two children, one living. While
a citizen of Palmyra, Mr. McLeod held
the offices of constable and city marshal
some years. Since coming to McDon-
ough county, he has held the offices of
town clerk, collector and treasurer, and
for 17 years was a member of the board
of supervisors, a great part of the time
chairman of the board. In the dis-
charge of his official duties he brought
to bear upon his labors a zeal which,
united with a determined will, enabled

290

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

him to accomplish a great amount of
work. No man that has ever lived in
the county, took more interest in its
affairs, or devoted more time to its im-
provement. By the board of supervi-
sors he was appointed to superintend the
erection of the new jail building for the
county, a work which he discharged to
the satisfaction not only of that body,
but the people at large. In 1885, Mr.
McLeod removed from this county, going
back to his native state, Virginia. In
politics Mr. McLeod has always been a
consistent democrat, the principles of
that party being dear to his heart. As
a democrat he has always been elected
to office, and no man labors more zeal-
ously for the success of the general and
local tickets of the party.

Simeon B. Davis, one of McDonough
county's most enterprising men, and at
this time a resident of Hire township,
was born in Ashland county, Ohio, De-
cember 7, 1836, a son of Amos and Nancy
(Crawford) Davis. The former was
born in 1800 and died in 1848, the latter
born August 25, 1807, and died August
14, 1884. While a boy in Ohio Mr.
Davis learned the boot and shoe busi-
ness, and when he came to McDonough
county he settled in Macomb and pur-
sued the same vocation for two years,
when he located in Sciota township on a
farm, where he followed farming and
teaching school for about ten years.
The year 1864 dates his first purchase of
land, eighty acres on section 17, being
the east half of the northeast quarter,
on which he lived about three and a half
years, when he removed to Blandinsville
township, and remained for nearly two
years, making the date of his removal to

his present home in 1869. The place
consists of the northwest quarter of 12
and east one-half of northeast quarter of
section 11. This farm has all been
brought under a state of cultivation by
Mr. Davis, and is one of the best farms
in the township. His occupation has
been farming, buying, feeding and ship-
ping stock. At present he is endeavor-
ing to improve somewhat on the Clydes-
dale horses. Having a good line of brood
mares, and some good three-quarter
blood horses, this branch of industry
will receive his attention more fully in
the future. Mr. Davis was educated in
Ohio, and was a very successful teacher
for a long time: The advantages were
few at that time, and he was compelled
to study at home. Indeed, most of
his education was obtained by his own
exertions, studying out the most difficult
problems, and mastering language in a
great degree. He has been an extensive
reader, and keeps his mind well stored
with facts which are essential to a useful
life. He has been twice honored with a
seat in assembly, being elected in 1881 as
a representative to the state legislature,
which position he filled with credit to
himself and constituents during the ses-
sions of 1881 and 1882. He is a strong
republican, and works earnestly in the
cause, stumping the county for the last
two elections for president, and doing
effective work, and is one of the most
popular speakers in the county, and be-
ing in the prime of life, years of useful-
ness await him. His work in the Sun-
day schools of Hire township has been
of great good, and under that head will
be found a recapitulation of the work
done. His marriage occurred September

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

291

27, 1860, when Artemisa Stambaugh,
daughter of Rev. Adam Stambaugh, be-
came his wife. She is a native of Fulton
county, Illinois, but was reared in Schuy-
ler county. Nine children were born to
them, eight of whom are living; Emma
and Eva, the first, were twins, the former
the wife of John Delbridge, living in
Kansas, the latter the wife of David
Bush, of the same state; Margaret N.,
wife of E. T. Dunn, of Macomb, marble
dealer; Elsy A., Stewart A., Alice D.,
Louie May, James E., and Stella, de-
ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are mem-
bers of the M. E. church.

The 33d general assembly convened
January 3, 1883, at Springfield, and re-
mained in session until June 18, follow-
ing. This district was represented by I.
N. Pearson, of McDonough, and I. L.
Pratt and C. M. Rogers, of Warren coun-
ties. Henry Tubbs was the senator.

Isaac N. Pearson was born in Center-
ville, Butler county, Pennsylvania, on
on the 27th of July, 1842. His parents
were Isaac S. and Lydia (Painter)
Pearson, both natives of Pennsylvania.
His father was for many years engaged
in the mercantile business and served in
the legislature of. his native state. In
1846, after bidding his family good-
bye, he departed for Philadelphia to
purchase goods. While there he was
taken sick with the fever, from which he
never recovered, and died in that city,
far from home and kindred, none of the
family being-permitted ever to see his
face again. He was buried in that city
by the society of Friends, or Quakers,
as they are often called, he being con-
nected with that congregation by birth.
The widow, with her family, shortly

her husband's death, went to New Cas-
tle, Lawrence county, which place she
made her home until the year 1849, when
she removed to Hancock county, this
state, settling near the town of La
Harpe, where she resided until her re-
moval to Macomb in 1858. In this lat-
ter place she resided until her death,
which occurred on the 3d day of March,
1872, being at the time 66 years of age,
departing this life on the anniversary
of her birth. Isaac was the youngest
of seven children and passed the first
eight years of his life in a town and the
next eight upon a farm. The only edu-
cational advantages en joyed by him were
in the common schools and two years
attendance in the select school of Prof.
J. W. Mathews, in Macomb, in the years
of 1856 and 1857. In 1861 he entered
the office of J. B. Cummings, circuit
clerk of the county, serving as recorder
until he became of age, when he re-
ceived the appointment from Mr. Cum-
mings as deputy circuit clerk, which po-
sition he filled acceptably until the ex-
piration of Mr. Cumming's term of
office. In the spring of 1865 he went to
Buslmell to take a position in the bank-
ing house of Chandler & Cummings,
with whom he remained until the fall of
1868, when he again received the ap-
pointment of deputy circuit clerk, this
time from B. F. Pinkley, then elected to
the office of circuit clerk of the county.
This position he retained for the four
years' term of Captain Pinkley, giving
such satisfaction to the people that in
1872 he received the unanimous nomi-
nation by his party for the same office.
Notwithstanding some opposition to him
on account of his being a young man,

292

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

he was triumphantly elected, receiving
a greater majority than any man on the
ticket. In 1876 he was renominated by
acclamation, and again elected by a ma-
jority greater than any other, having 300
votes ahead of his ticket, thus proving
that the people believed it no crime to be
a young man, and that faithful service
should be rewarded. The popularity of
Mr. Pearson with the people is great in-
deed, but easily accounted for. He is
always pleasant and accommodating to
all ; every visitor to his office, whether on
business or not, was treated in a gentle-
manly manner ; his own private business
or the duties of the public office which
he held, he never neglected. Mr. Pear-
son is a thorough and consistent repub-
lican, the principles of that party being
"bred in the bone;" he never allowed his
love of party to deter him from duty as
a public officer. In June, 1880, he was
elected cashier of the Union National
bank, which position he held until Jan-
uary, 1882, when he resigned to fill the
place in the general assembly, to which
he had been elected, and served one
term in the house. On his resignation
of the office of cashier in the bank, he
was elected vice president, a position
which he still honors. Mr. Pearson
deals, somewhat, in real estate, and be-
sides city property owns a most excel-
lent farm of 135 acres of land. He is
a member of the Ancient Order of Uni-
ted Workmen, Knights of Pythias, An-
cient Free and Accepted Masons, having
reached the Knights Templar degree,
and of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, and having passed all the chairs
in the lodge and encampment, has rep-
resented the lodge in the grand lodge.

The 34th general assembly of the
state of Illinois met at the state capitol,
in Springfield, January 7, 1885, and are
at this writing still in session. The rep-
resentatives from this district in the
lower house, are W. H. McCord and W.
H. Weir, of McDonough, and C. M.
Rogers, of Warren. The senator is the
same as in the last assembly.

William H. Weir, M. D., one of the
present members of the state legisla-
ture, is a native of Washington county,
Pennsylvania, born February 13, 1825.
His parents were also natives of that
state. In the year 1850, William H.
Weir entered Rush medical college, at
Chicago, of which institution he is a
graduate. He was united in marriage,
January 29, 1857, with Ellen R. Purcell,
a native of Knoxville, Knox county, Il-
linois, whose parents were natives, re-
spectively, of Kentucky and Ohio.
Doctor and Mrs. Weir have had
seven children born to them Samuel
G., who died June 19, 1858; Margaretta,
who died December 18, 1859; Permelia
E., wife of William H. Neece; Luella
M., who is now engaged in teaching
school; Mary C., Nina and Anna, living
at home with their parents. Doctor
Weir came to Colchester, McDonough
county, in 1866, and since then has made
this his home. He is engaged in the
practice of his profession, and in con-
nection carries on the drug business.
He has gained the reputation of possess-
ing much skill as a physician, and enjoys
an extensive and remunerative practice.
The position which he at present holds
as representative from this district, is
an evidence of the respect and esteem
with which he is regarded in McDon-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

293

ough county, and his fitness for that re-
sponsible office, amply proven by the
entire satisfaction of his constituency.
He is also a member of the county board
of supervisors, in which office he is
now serving his fifth term.

A sketch of Mr. McCord is given in
counection with the history of the town
of Blandinsville, with which he is prom-
inently identified.

COUNTY CLERK.

When McDonough county was organ-
ized, in 1830, the office of county clerk,
while an important one, was not quite as
prominent as at present. At that time
the incumbent of the office was appointed
by the county commissioners, and held
it 'during good behavior. As a compen-
sation he was allowed the fees of his
office, which were but a trifle, and a per
diem allowance during the session of
the commissioners' court.

The first to fill the office was Michael
Stinson, who was appointed at the first
meeting of the county court, on the 3d
day of July, 1830. He acted in this ca-
pacity until September, when he re-
signed.

On the retirement of Mr. Stinson, the
county commissioners appointed John
Baker to the vacant office. He was a
member of the Baptist church, but gave
very little time to his calling, engaging
in regular secular pursuits. He came to
the county in 1829, and built the first
house on the site of the present town of
Macomb. It is told of him that he held
a membership in the New Hope Baptist
church, in what was then called the
"Job settlement," and he was expelled
from it for unchristian conduct. In 1835

he left this part of the country, and re-
moved to Missouri, and from there to
Texas. While living in the latter state,
he wished once more to enter the minis-
try, but he was too conscientious to do
this without rehabilation in the church
from which he had been excluded, so in
1840, he returned the 800 miles that lay
between his Texan home and this place,
coming on horseback and was once more
received into the bosom of the New
Hope church, after due confession. He
returned to Texas, where he preached
the gospel for some years. He held the
office of county clerk of this county but
a short time.

Early in the spring of 1831, Mr. Baker
resigned the office, and the county com-
missioners' court appointed James M.
Campbell to this position. He had, in
the December previous, received the ap-
pointment of circuit clerk, and when the
vacancy occurred in the office of the
county clerk, some one mentioned Mr.
Campbell's name in connection with it.
Opposition was at once raised on the
score of that gentleman's being a Yan-
kee. On being questioned, Mr. Camp-
bell's reply was characteristic: "Well,
gentlemen, "said he, "if to be born in
the city of Frankfort, Kentucky, living
there until six years of age, coming to
the state of Illinois and remaining six
years, then returning to Kentucky and
living there for twelve years, and then
returning to Illinois, constitutes a Yan-
kee, then I am one." This explanation
being satisfactory, the appointment was
made. He held this office by appoint-
ment until 1838, when, the constitution
having been changed, the office became
elective, and Mr. Campbell was elected

294

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

by the people to fill the same office, and
in 1843 he was re-elected, and held the
office until the fall of 1846. A sketch
of Mr. Campbell appears in connection
with the legislative representation, he
having filled the office of state senator,
as already related.

At the regular election of 1846, Isaac
Grantham, the democratic nominee, was
chosen by the majority of the people of
the county to fill this responsible office.
He was re-elected to the same position
1847, 1849, 1851, 1853, 1855 and 1857,
serving in all liearly thirteen years, dy-
ing while in office during the year 1859.
He was a very affable gentleman, justly
popular, and would have, doubtless, held
the office longer but for the hand of
death. Mr. Grantham came to Macomb
from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Jonathan H. Baker was the successor
of Mr. Grantham in the office of county
clerk, having been elected to at the reg-
ular election of 1859, and filled the po-
sition for two years. A sketch of Mr.
Baker is found under the head of
county judges, he being the present
occupant of that office.

In 1861 James W. Mathews was called
upon to fill the office of county clerk,
and served the people in this capacity
for one term of four years, the law hav-
ing been changed, making the duration
of the term four instead of two years,
as heretofore. Mr. Mathews is believed
to have been a Kentuckian by birth and
came here early in 1853, as the professor
of mathematics in the McDonough col-
lege, and served in that position until
1855, when the institution closed its
doors. Mr. Mathews, about a year after

the expiration of his term of office, went
to St. Louis, where he died.

In 1865 William Ervin was elected to
this office and filled it for four years.

Captain William Ervin, druggist of
Macomb, is a native of Rockingham
county, Virginia, where he was born on
the 27th day of February, 1820. His
parents were both Virginians by birth,
and the father, James Ervin, followed
agricultural pursuits. The captain re-
sided in his native state until 1841, when
accompanied by his mother, his father
having died when William was four
years of age, he came to Illinois and
settled in McDonough county, where
Hugh Ervin, a brother of the captain,
hed settled some time previous. The
mother died in Macomb in 1852. When
the captain came to Macomb he imme-
diately engaged in the general mercan-
tile business, which he continued until
1862, at which time he enlisted in com-
pany C, 84th Illinois infantry, and was
mustered into the service as captain of
that company, and served as such up to
the close of the war, when he was brev-
ited as major. While in the service he
participated in all the engagements in
which his company took a part. Upon
his return home he was elected to the
office of clerk of the court, which office
he held for four years. He then en-
gaged in farming, which he followed for
a few years. In 1871 the captain en-
gaged is the drug trade, which he still
continues, under the firm name of Will-
iam Ervin & Son. In politics he is a
republican, and besides the office hereto-
fore mentioned, he has been honored
several times by local offices. Mr. Ervin
is a Royal Arch Mason, and served as

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

295

high priest of that order previous to
offering his services to the country.
In 1849 Mary McCrosky became his
beloved wife. She is a Kentuckian
by birth, but came to Schuyler county,
Illinois, with her parents. Mr. and Mrs.
Ervin are the parents of three children ;
Ella L., Sarah Alice, now the wife of
William Wyne, and James M., the part-
ner, in business with his father.

The successor of Mr. Ervin, in this
office was Quinton C. Ward, who was
elected at the regular election in the fall
of 1869. He, also, filled this office for
four years.

Q. C. Ward is a native of McDonough
county, and first saw the light on the
14th of February, 1838. He is at pres-
ent a resident of the town of LaHarpe,
Hancock county, Illinois, where he is
engaged, in company with J. H. Hun-
gate, in the banking business, under the
firm name of Hungate, Ward & Co.

In 1873, A. L. Sparks was duly elected
to the office of county clerk, and filled
the same for four years.

Allen L. Sparks, a leading citizen of
Bushnell township and prominent in
McDonough county is a son of Joseph
and Sarah (Deford) Sparks. His father
was born in Washington county, Penn-
sylvania November, 24th, 1808, and died
near Ellisville, Fulton county, Illinois,
July 6th, A. D. 1876. His mother was
born September 13th, 1813, in Belmont
county, Ohio, and died January 21st,
1864, near Ellisville, Illinois. His father
was of Irish descent and his mother of
French. Allen L. is the eldest of a fam-
ily of 11 children, and was born in Eich-
land (now Ashland) county, Ohio, June
8th, 1831. In the spring of 1835 he em-

igrated with his father to Clinton county,
Indiana, which was then called a wilder-
ness, the country being new and sparsely
settled. In 1845 his father with his
family moved to Ellisville, Fulton county
Illinois; there Allen worked and assisted
his father to improve a farm in Deer-
field township.

In 1853 a serious abscess arose on his
spine and inflammation of the hip joint
which for five years disqualified him for
hard labor. During this time he studi-
ously employed himself in the acquire-
ment of an English education and in or-
der to obtain means and not be depend-
ent on his friends would teach school in
winter and pursue his studies in sum-
mer. He followed teaching as a profes-
sion till 1859. On December 28th 1859,
he married Ann Jane Johnson, a resident
of Prairie City, Illinois. Her parents
Mahetable and Elisha Johnson emi-
grated from the state of New York and
settled near Fairview. After his marriage
he settled on and commenced the im-
provement of the farm he now lives on,
being southeast quarter of section num-
ber 29, Bushnell township; he owns 120
acres on the northeast of section number
28 in Young Hickory township, Fulton
county. Upon his farm in Bush-
nell township he has substantial and
good improvements, a commodious resi-
dence, good barn, good stock and all
good conveniences; his home is a beau-
tiful one and the surroundings make it
home like. Mr. and Mrs. Sparks have
two children (boys), Emory Caldwell,
the eldest, and Eben Wilson Burrill,
both residing with their parents. Mr.
Sparks was elected justice of the peace
in BushneH township April 4th, 1871,

296

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

which office lie held for two years. In the
spring of 1873 he was elected supervisor
of his town and held that till November
1873, when he resigned, and in Novem-
ber 1873, he was elected county clerk of
McDonough county, on the anti-monop-
oly ticket, which office he held four
years, and returned to his farm in Octo-
ber, 1883. At Jacksonville, Illinois, he
was elected grand worthy president of
the Anti-Horsethief association of Illi-
nois, its jurisdiction comprising all the
states east of the Mississippi river and
north of the Ohio. In politics Mr. Sparks
is an uncompromising national green-
backer and anti-monopolist; is kind and
generous to the poor, sympathizes with
and takes an active part in all the labor
reforms of the state, is proud of his pro-
fession as a farmer, and at the Bushnell
fair is superintendent of farm products.
Mr. and Mrs. Sparks are members of the
Methodist Episcopal church.

In November, 1877, at the regular
election, there were three candidates for
the office of county clerk, Charles W.
Dines, the nominee of the democratic
party; J. W. Parks, of the republican;
and Allen L. Sparks, of the independent.
Mr. Dines was the successful candidate,
by a moderate plurality. He was re-el-
ected in 1882, and is the present incum-
bent of the office.

Charles W. Dines, the present county
clerk, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth
(Todd) Dines, was born in Missouri,
June 12, 1842. He received a good edu-
cation, graduating at the Selby high
school. In 1862, he entered the United
States 'service as clerk in the office of
the paymaster of war, and served two
years. He afterwards resided for one

year at Quincy, Illinois. He then came
to McDonough county and settled at
Blandinsville, where he engaged in the
general merchandise business, and also
dealt in grain and live stock. In 1877,
he was elected county clerk, was re-elec-
ted in 1882, and is now holding said of-
fice. He was married, in 1870, to Alta
Hopper, daughter of A. P. and Cynthia
Hopper. They have six children Or-
ville, Stella, Donna, Adelbert, Thomas
A. and Mary Will. Mr. Dines is a dem-
ocrat in politics, and is a member of the
I. O. O. R, Mutual Aid, A. F. & A. M.,
and the K. of P. lodges. He is a gen-
ial and obliging gentleman, and enjoys
the confidence and esteem of the citi-
zens of the county, and has just been
elected mayor of the city of Macomb by
a majority of over 100, although the pol-
itics of the city is largely republican.

Thomas Dines (deceased) the father
of Charles W., was a native of Chester
county, Maryland, was born in 1815. He
learned the shoemaker's trade, and, in
1830, he emigrated to Missouri, and,
while there, was united in marriage
with Elizabeth Todd, also a native of
Maryland. In 1865, they came to this
state, and settled at Blandinsville, where
he engaged in the merchandise trade,
and subsequently retired from business.
In 1880, Mrs. Dines went on a visit to
her old home in Missouri,and there died,
on the 6th of June. One year later,
Mr. Dines went to Missouri, and while
there he died, on the 26th of March, in
the same house that his wife had died
in. Four sons survived them C. W.,
J. A., who is now in New Mexico; Adel-
bert, now in Fort "Worth, Texas, and
"William, who resides at Boulder, Col.

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

299

William P. Barrett, one of the pion-
eers of 1844, is a native of England, be-
ing born in 1820. His early life was oc-
cupied in various employments in his
native country, and in 1843 he emigra-
ted to the United States, settling in
Iowa, but fever and ague being almost
an epidemic there he came to Illinois,
and became a resident of Macomb. He
followed farming and teaming, and in
winter seasons worked in stores. He
has held numerous local offices, and is
at present deputy county clerk. He was
married June 4, 1846, to Margaret Bob-
berts, a native of Wales. Their mar-
riage has been blessed with nine chil-
dren, six of whom are now living Sarah,
William, Thomas, Edward, Maggie,
Charles and Mary.

COUNTY JUDGE.

In 1847, a state election was held for
members of the constitutional conven-
tion, which convention prepared and sub-
mitted to the people a new constitution
which was adopted by a large majority.
By this constitution, in place of the
county commissioner's court, a county
court was organized in each county.
This court consisted of a county judge,
and, if, the legislature saw proper to so
order it, two associate justices. This
the legislature favorably acted upon.
On the 3d day of December, the first
regular term of the county court was
held. The duties of this court in a leg-
islative capacity, were precisely the same
as those of the county commissioner's
court. The court itself consisted of a
county judge and two associate justices.
In addition to the legislative powers,
the members of this court were permit-

ted to exercise judicial authority, hav-
ing all the rights and privileges of jus-
tices of the peace, together with all
probate business. James Clarke was
elected the first county judge to serve
four years. The first associate justices
w.ere Charles B. Hume and C. C. Hun-
gate.

James Clarke was among the earliest
settlers of McDonough county, and for
years occupied official positions that
brought him before the people as much
as any other man within its border. He
was born in Lincoln county, Kentucky,
September 26, 1797. His parents were
John and Ann (Whitten) Clarke, the
father being a soldier of the revolution-
ary war. They were in very moderate
circumstances, and when James was but
a babe removed to Washington county,
in the same state, engaging in the occu-
pation of farming, their son assisting
them as soon as he arrived at an age
when he could be of service, remaining
at home until eighteen years of age,
when he left to learn the trade of hatter,
which he followed for some years. A
few months attendance in the common
schools was all the educational advan-
tages that he ever enjoyed, but that little
he made the best of in after life. The
same general traits of character for
which he was noted for when more ad-
vanced in life was observable in youth.
He was a quiet, steady and industrious
boy, never engaging in any of the rude
sports of the time, and of good moral
habits.

On the 21st day of May, 1818, a few
months before reaching his majority, he
was married to Mary Lewis, in Wash-
ington county, Kentucky, with whom he

300

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

lived happily a period of 58 years, or
until death called him away. Eleven
children were born unto them, eight
sons and three daughters, the latter, with
one son, the eldest of the family, yet
dwelling upon this side of the river, the
rest having passed over.

Realizing the almost utter impossibil-
ity of the poor ever becoming rich, or
even obtaining a respectable living in the
old states, Mr. Clarke determined on
emigrating to Illinois, and in the year
1829, with his family, removed to Mor-
gan county, in this state, where they re-
mained but one year, and in the spring
of 1830 came to this county. When he
arrived here he found but few families,
and only scattered settlements here and
there. In the neighborhood of the pres-
ent city of Macomb, where he settled,
there were but two families, Elias Mc-
Fadden, then living on the Hunter farm,
south of town, and John Baker, living
near where the fourth ward school house
now stands. The county was without
organization, all local business being
transacted in Schuyler county, and the
nearest postoffice being in Rushville, of
the same county. In the summer after
his arrival steps were taken to organize
the county, Mr. Clarke being very
active in the matter. In the first elect-
ion he was elected one of the county com-
missioners, and was re-elected several
times, serving, we believe, about eight
years. He also served several years as
probate justice. When a change was
made in the government of counties, by
the constitution of 1848, he was elected
county judge, which office he held
for four years. He was also a mem-
ber of the first city council of Macomb,

and for years was a justice of the peace
of the county. In the discharge of his
official duties he endeavored to render
satisfaction to all, and was always pop-
ular with the people. Mr. Clarke was a
resident of Macomb until the day of his
death, which occurred upon the 12th of
June, 1876.

Charles R. Hume was born in Dela-
ware county, New York, on the 1st day
of January, 1814, and is the third of a
family of ten, five of whom were sons
and five daughters. His parents were
Robert and Catharine (Ross) Hume.
The father being of Scotch birth, and
the mother a native of New York. The
elder Hume was a merchant. He died
in 1858, leaving to each of his children a
fair share of property. One son became
an eminent clergyman, and was for a
number of years missionary in India and
died abroad. Another son attained high
position at the bar in California. Charles
R., has had a varied experience in life,
spending the first 14 years of his life
with his parents upon a farm and in at-
tendance at school, graduating at Jeffer-
son academy, when 18 years of age. He
spent a few years as a clerk in a whole-
sale dry goods house in New York, and
in the spring of 1837, he came to Illi-
nois, purchasing two quarters of land in
Hire township. While coming up the
Mississippi river, the boat blew up, in-
juring a number on board, but Mr. Hume
luckily escaped unhurt. After purchas-
ing his land, he went to Indiana, where
his parents were then residing, and re-
mained there until the following spring.
Upon his return he brought with him a
liberal amount of supplies, and he set-
tled upon his land and proceeded to cul-

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

301

tivate it. His presence was regarded
with suspicion by the settlers in that
neighborhood, who were composed prin-
cipally of emigrants from Kentucky and
Tennessee, and who disliked Yankees,
looking upon all as despised who were
not born south of Mason and Dixon's
line. He was ordered to leave, but with
the perverseness of the Scotch, and the
easy "don't careativeness" of the Yankee,
"he reckoned as how he wouldn't go."
He remained at his post and conquered
the prejudices of his neighbors. The
life of a farmer not proving attractive,
after two years, when the town of Blan-
dinsville was laid out, in company with
Joseph C. Blandin, he erected a build-
ing and opened the first store in the
place. He followed this business in
connection with milling until the break-
ing out of the Mexican war, when he en-
listed in Captain Stapp's company of
mounted men, but was never sent to the
front, being placed on detached service
as recruiting officer, with headquarters
at Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis.
In this capacity he continued until the
close of the war, being mustered out
July 3, 1848. On his return from St.
Louis, he again embarked in the mer-
cantile trade, continuing therein until the
spring of 1852, when he went to Califor-
nia, remaining there some three years,
during which time, in the town of Placer-
ville, he read law with his brother John.
Returning to Blaiidinsville, in 1855, he
continued the study of law, and in the
following year was admitted to the bar.
He has continued the practice of the
law up to the present time, confining his
business chiefly to collections and crimi-
nal law. Mr. Hume was a member of

the old whig party, but was one of the
first to identify himself with the repub-
lican party. Although in a democratic
district, he has been frequently honored
by his friends and neighbors with public
office. He was for nearly four years
associate justice of McDonough county,
resigning a short time before the expira-
tion of his term, to go to California. He
has also been notary public for many
years, and for nearly 26 years has held
the office of justice of the peace. In
1858, when his party was largely in the
minority, he received a nomination for
representative in the legislature, and
made the race with entire satisfaction to
his party friends. Mr. Hume was an
active participant in the settlement of
the Mormon difficulties in Hancock
county, and was one of the number to
escort the last remnant of the "Saints"
across the Mississippi river. When the
war broke out in 1861, Mr. Hume proved
his loyalty and patriotism by raising a
company of as brave and loyal soldiers
as ever charged upon an enemy. This
was company C, of the 78th Illinois vol-
unteers. Its history is written in blood
on many battle fields. Mr. Hume was
mustered with his company into the
United States service, September 1, 1862,
and served as captain until December
18, 1864, when he was mustered out on
account of disability. In December,
1862, he was captured by the rebel gen-
eral, Morgan, and paroled upon the
battle field, but not exchanged until
September, 1863. While on parole he
was stationed at Benton barracks, near
St. Louis, and placed in command of the
2d battallion, Illinois paroled men, and
was also made judge advocate on general

302

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

courts martial. He was engaged in the
battle of Mission Eidge, after which he
participated in the forced march to re-
lieve General Burnside, at Knoxville.
He was on detailed service much of the
time. On the 29th of May, 1839, he was
united in marriage with Harriet L. Blan-
din, daughter of Joseph L. Blandin, the
founder of the town of Blandinsville.
A son and daughter were born to them,
both of whom are living. The daughter
is now the wife of Joseph Edel, a citizen
of Blandinsville, and a former member
of the llth Illinois cavalry, of which
"Bob" Ingersoll was colonel. The son,
E. W. Hume, was also a member of that
regiment, joining the service when but
17 years old, and serving faithfully until
the close of the war, being mustered out
as orderly sergeant. Captain Hume, as
a citizen and a neighbor, has always en-
joyed the respect and esteem of the com-
munity in which he has lived.

At the regular election of 1853 Thomp-
son Chandler was elected county judge,
and Samuel Calvin and S. J. Grigsby,
associate justices. These parties consti-
tuted the county court until April, 1857,
when it was superseded by the supervisor
system, adopted by the people of the
county, in accordance with an act of the
general assembly, providing for township
organization. By this law, the jurisdic-
tion of the county judge was limited to
probate matters, settlement of estates of
deceased persons, appointment of guar-
dians and conservators, and settlements
of their accounts, of all matters relating
to apprentices, and in proceedings for
the collection of taxes and assessments,
and other minor matters. Judge Chan-
dler occupied this position until 1866,

having been elected to the office in 1857,
and again in 1861.

Judge Thompson Chandler comes of a
hardy race, being born among the hills
of New Hampshire, in the town of Al-
stead, October 25, 1805. His early life
was not unlike thousands of others who
passed through the common schools, and
with a few months in the academy com-
pleted their education. He remained
with his parents on the old homestead
until after he reached his majority, thus
showing filial affection to be commended.
In the spring of 1832 he left his
native state and came west as far as Cin-
cinnati, where he remained two years en-
gaged in the mercantile trade with vary-
ing success. On the expiration of this
time he thought to still better his condi-
dition by yet removing still further Avest,
and in that new country, lately opened
to immigration, he might attain that suc-
cess in life to which he aspired: Accord-
ingly, in the spring of 1834 he landed
in Macomb, this county, where he has
since continued to reside, an honored
citizen and an esteemed friend, exhibit-
ing in his life those traits of character
which have rendered him so popular
among the people. For the first three
years after his arrival in Macomb he en-
gaged in the mercantile trade in company
with William Eichards, so well and fa-
vorably known among early settlers.
His success in this business was as great
as could be expected at that early day,
when the settlers had little- money and
raised nearly all they ate or wore. Short-
ly after his arrival in Macomb he pur-
chased the southeast quarter, section 36,
Emmet township, and afterward the en-
tire section, part of which he obtained

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

303

for one dollar per acre and the balance
for three dollars. The whole of the south-
east quarter is now covered by dwelling
houses, from the humble cottage of the
laboring man to the more palatial resi-
dence of the wealthier class, and is the
finest part of the city of Macomb. From
1837 to the present time, a period of
forty years, Mr. Chandler has been en-
gaged in farming, save a period of one
year while in California. In 1849, with
many others, he took up his line of march
to the new Eldorado, where he engaged
for one year in mining and trading, hav-
ing fair success in either operation, but
experiencing enough of the hardships of
the country in that time. On his return
he again engaged in his regular calling,
which, as remarked, he has followed to
the present time. In addition to the
regular work of the farm, he has for
many years been engaged in raising stock,
and was probably the first in the county
to take an interest in improving the
breed. At every meeting of the Mc-
Donough county agricultural association
since its organization, his herd of cattle
has attracted considerable attention, and
almost every year he has taken one or
more premiums on his display.

In politics Mr. Chandler is now and
always has been a democrat of the old
school, in the years of his manhood vot-
ing with and working for the success of
the democratic ticket. Honoring the
party, he has in time been honored by it,
in receiving the nomination and election
to various offices of trust. He has filled
in a satisfactory manner the offices of
trustee of the town, alderman of the city,
justice of the peace, member of the board
of supervisors, and county judge, in the

latter office serving from 1853 to 1861, a
period of eight years, No man that has
ever occupied the office has discharged
its duties in a more satisfactory manner.
His popularity on this account has ever
been great, and we have more than once
observed that when his party desired an
unexceptionable strong man they always
brought out Thompson Chandler, and
seldom has he ever been defeated. Many
times has the large majorities of the op-
position been overcome or reduced to an
insignificant amount through reason of
his popularity.

Judge Chandler was married on the
3d day of February, 1831, to Lucy B.
Towne, of Stoddard, New Hampshire.
Four children have they been blessed
with three boys and one girl. Two are
yet living. Albert B., the second son,
died on the 15th day of September, 1877,
at the residence of his brother, G. C.
Chandler, of Chicago. Albert B. had
been sick for a long time with consump-
tion, brought on, doubtless, by exposure.
He was a hard-working, industrious
young man, toiling early and late, with
the laudable desire of adding to his pos-
sessions. He was buried in Oakwood
cemetery, near Macomb, the funeral ser-
vices being conducted by Elder G. W.
Mapes. Solon F. , the oldest, is also dead ;
Gardner C., after having been engaged
in business in Chicago, is now living in
Macomb; Mary Almeda is the wife of
Crosby F. Wheat, a leading lawyer of
Macomb, and for some years county at-
torney of McDonough county.

In 1865 L. A. Simmons was elected to
the office of county judge, and occupied
the same for four years.

Louis A. Simmons was born at North

304

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Bridgewater, (now Brockton), Plymouth
county, Massachusetts, March 16, 1833.
His parents removed to the south part
of Warren county, Illinois, in the fall of
1839, and he shared the usual lot of
farmer boys in pioneer days. With only
limited advantages for education he had
mastered the common English branches
and made considerable progress in
higher mathematics and the natural
sciences before he was 17, when he
commenced teaching and working on the
farm, and pursuing his studies during
the summer. In September, 1852, he
entered the Illinois Liberal institute,
(now Lombard university), at Gales-
burg, and graduated in June, 1856. Re-
turning home he worked with his father
and younger brothers on the farm until
August, 1857, teaching in the winter, and
devoting six hours of each twenty-four
to his studies. He was admitted to the
bar, at Monmouth, Illinois, in August,
and the first of September, 1857, en-
tered the law department of the univer-
sity of Albany, N. Y., where he graduated
in February, 1858. His severe struggle
had so impaired his health, that he re-
mained until June on the old farm,
meanwhile looking out a location for
practice. In June, 1858, he opened a
law office in Macomb. In November of
the same year, he was married to Linda
G. Bond. In September, 1859, he formed
a partnership with J. C. Thompson, which
continued three years. In the fall of
1860 his wife died of quick consumption,
her infant daughter having two months
earlier departed to the Summer Land.
He was elected school commissioner in
1861, and resigned when he went into
the army in 1862. He was a member

of the 84th regiment, Illinois infantry,
from its first organization to the close of
the war, serving a year as private and the
remainder of the term as quartermaster.
In the fall of 1865 he was elected county
judge, In November of the same year
he was married to M. Theresa Harwood,
and during the ensuing winter wrote
the"History of the 84th regiment,Illinois
volunteers," which he published the fol-
lowing year. On January 3, 1872, his
wife died, leaving him two small chil-
dren. In November, 1875, he was mar-
ried to Jennie^ Barber. He devoted his
attention to law practice until Septem-
ber, 1880, when he removed to Welling-
ton, Kansas, where he at present resides.
His son, L. H., and surviving daughter,
Myrtle T., are fine scholars for their age.
J. B. Nickel was elected the successor
of Mr. Simmons in the fall of 1869. He
served the county four years. Joseph
Brandon Nickel was born in Nicholas
county, Kentucky, on July 4th 1808, and
there resided during his youth, remov-
ing when in his eighteenth year with his
parents to Shelbyville, Shelby county,
Indiana, where he lived until 1843.
During his residence in Indiana he rose
to considerable political prominence.
He was three times elected county sur-
veyor of Shelby county, and represent-
ed his district two terms in
the lower house of the Indiana
legislature and once in the state
senate, being elected each time on the
democratic ticket. The second time he
was a candidate for representative being
in the year 1837, he was opposed by the
father of Vice President Hendricks, who
was the whig candidate and whom he
defeated by a handsome majority. Mr.

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

305

Nickel remained in Shelby county unti
lie was 35 years of age, when he re-
moved to Savannah, Andrew county
Missouri. Here he soon became a lead-
er of the anti-Benton democracy, and
was in 1845 elected a member of the
state constitutional convention from
Andrew county. One year later he was
elected to the state senate of Missouri,
representing a district composed of the
four counties of Andrew, Atchison,
Holt and Nodaway. He served the
people faithfully in this capacity for
four years, with great credit both to
himself and to his constituency. He
was afterwards elected circuit clerk
of Andrew county, a position which he
satisfactorily filled during four years.
In 1862 he removed from Savannah,
Missouri, , to Macomb, Illinois, and the
next year and again in 1864 he was
elected county surveyor of McDonough
county on the democratic ticket. In
1869 he was nominated by the democ-
racy for county judge, and elected by
the people to fill this place of responsi-
bility. Since the expiration of his term
he has continued to reside here, passing
his declining years in the quiet way
suited to his nature. For two years past
his health has failed him, and during
the past few months he has suffered from
disease until he could calmly await the
death angel and welcome his com-
ing. He passed away peacefully while
sitting in his chair, preserving unim-
paired all his mental faculties to the last,
on Thursday morning, April 23, 1885,
aged 76 years, 9 months and 19 days.
He leaves behind a wife who has been a
worthy and faithful help-meet to him,
and who has the heartfelt sympathy of

an entire community in her bereave-
ment. He was in the highest and truest
sense, one of nature's nobleman. A
faithful democrat, he always was true to
his party as long as his party was true
to his own ideas of right and wrong. He
was a man of conscientious principles
and of severe convictions of duty ; and
his strict sense of honor guided his
every action toward his fellow men. His
loyalty to his friends was a marked char-
acterietic of his nature. All through
his life, he preferred one honest friend
to a dozen acquaintances of the hour,
and to his friends only did he reveal the
truest inner nobleness of his nature.
Many times, and in three states, had he
been selected by the people to fill official
positions of great honor and responsi-
bility, and each time he accepted the
trust, and, like a man and worthy citi-
zen, carried with him into legislative
halls and into the other stations, all of
that moral probity which characterized
his dealings with his fellow man. In
him the loss of one is felt who will
always be remembered for the good he
has done. The funeral took place from
the family residence, and was under the
auspices of. the Masonic lodge, of which
order deceased was an honored member,
His remains repose in Oakwood ceme-
tery.

James Irwin was the next county
fudge, having been elected to that office
in 1873. He is a native of the state of
Ohio, having been born in Knox county,
of that commonwealth, on the fifth day
of September, 1814. His father, James
[rwin, Sr., was a native of New Jersey,
while his mother, Susan (Holt) Irwin,
was born in Pennsylvania. They were

306

HISTOBY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

in very moderate circumstances at the
time of the birth of James, who, when
but five years of age, was sent to a com-
mon district school, remaining there un-
til old enough to become useful on a
farm, when he was given his daily task
with the rest of the family. When six-
teen years of age he was apprenticed to
learn the trade of a carpenter, which bus-
iness he afterwards followed for twenty-
five years; endeavoring, as a mechanic,
to do his duty in a manner to receive the
approval of those for whom he labored.
In 1842, he espoused the anti-slavery
cause, and for 30 years, until the ques-
tion ceased to be one of national import-
ance, he was an earnest advocate of the
principles pertaining to the abolition of
slavery and the enfranchisement of the
enslaved race. At the time he took his
stand upon the side of freedom, the
measure was not popular in this country,
and even in the free states of the nation,
an abolitionist was regarded as an unfit
associate of decent people. No one could
advocate the measures of that party
without doing so at the risk of his life;
he was liable to receive the attack of an
angry mob, his property destroyed, and
either to be driven from his home or suf-
fer death. On more than one occasion
was the home of Mr. Irwin attacked, the
lights in the windows broken out, and
the life of his wife and children endan-
gered by those who professed to be vir-
tuous and the salt of the earth. In pass-
ing along the street he was pelted with
eggs and other missiles in the name of
constitutional liberty. In April, 1850,
he came to this state, settling in Ver-
mont, Fulton county, where he worked
at his trade for about five years. He

then engaged in the mercantile trade for
about four years, changing the same for
that of a miller, purchasing a half inter-
est in the East mill, which business he
followed for four years more, when he
purchased a farm on section 16, Eldor-
ado township, McDonough county, where
he has since continued to reside, except
when attending to his official duties in
Macomb. In 1872 he was elected super-
visor of Eldorado township and re-
elected in 1873. During this year the
"farmer's movement" under the name of
the "anti-monopoly party," had attained
considerable prominence in this county,
as elsewhere, and coinciding with the
views of that party he was urged by his
friends to permit the use of his name on
the ticket, and consenting, he was nomi-
nated to the office of county judge and
elected by a handsome majority. He
held the position for four years, dis-
charging the duties of the office to the
satisfaction of all having business to
transact with him. On the 13th day of
August, 1835, at Mount Yernon, Ohio,
he led to the marriage altar Elizabeth
Smith, and for fifty years they have
traveled the journey of life together,
having been blessed with three children,
two of whom are now living, the other
having passed on to that home beyond
the rolling river.

Jonathan H. Baker, the present incum-
bent of this office; was first elected in
1877, and re-elected in 1882.

Jonathan H. Baker was born May 8,
1817, at Walpole, Cheshire, New Hamp-
shire, and is the son of Edward and
Anna (Haskell) Baker, both natives of
Massachusetts. Jonathan was left father-
less when only seven years of age, and

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

307

was then bound out to a farmer named
Edmund Walker. At the age of 17, his
guardian permitted him to enter the
employ of a merchant as clerk, whom he
faithfully served until he came west,
then the "far west," as it required 27
days to make the journey. Upon com-
ing to Macomb, in 1838, he worked one
month in a brick yard, after which he
engaged as a clerk with James M.
Campbell, with whom he stayed two
years. January, 1841, he engaged in
the grocery business, in company with
J. P. Updegraff, and in 1845 was ap-
pointed postmaster at Macomb, which
position he held for four years. In 1846,
he was also engaged in the general mer-
chandise business with Charles Chan-
dler, and continued in the business with
him until 1855, in which year he en-
gaged in the real estate business. In
1858 he was appointed county clerk, to
fill a vacancy caused by the death of
Isaac Grantham, and the following year
was elected to that office and served one
term, during which time he also con-
tinued his real estate business. In 1865
he engaged in the practice of law with
Mr. Neece,under the firm name of Neece
& Baker, and in 1877 was elected to the
office of county judge, and served until
1882, when he was re-elected to the of-
fice and is the present incumbent. Mr.
Baker is a democrat in politics, casting
his first vote for Stephen A. Douglass,
who was a candidate for congress Jh
1838. Religiously, he is a universalist,
being a member of that church in Ma-
comb. He was united in marriage March
2, 1843, with Isabella Hempstead, a
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Stephen
Hempstead. She was born in Missouri,

but removed with her parents to Illi-
nois when but a child. They have four
children Clara A., now the wife of C.
V. Chandler; Mary C., wife of E. L.
Wells; Isabella and Joseph P. As a
citizen, Judge Baker stands high in the
community in which he lives, or has
ever resided, being a good neighbor and
a kind-hearted, benevolent gentleman,
while, as a jurist, he is possessed of
much ability and other qualifications,
which fit him, in an eminent degree, for
the position he now occupies.

COUNTY TEEASUEER.

The first treasurer of McDonough
county was John Huston, who was ap-
pointed to that office by the commis-
sioners' court in September, 1830. He
was required to give bonds in the enor-
mous sum of $800. He discharged the
duties of the office until the 17th day of
March, 1831, when he resigned, it being
incompatible with his business interests
longer to hold it. A sketch of this em-
inent gentleman appears under the head
of members of the general assembly, he
having been honored by the citizens of
this district by election to that dignity.

Upon the resignation of Mr. Huston,
the county commissioners, upon the 6th
of December, 1830, appointed Resin
Naylor to the vacant office. He entered
upon the duties of his office at once and
gave universal satisfaction. He was re-
appointed to the same office in 1831,
1832 and 1833, serving this time four
years. At the March, 1834, term of the
county commissioners court, William
Willis was appointed treasurer,but he re-
signing shortly after entering the office,
the same court, in May following ap-

308

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

pointed Mr. Naylor to fill the vacancy.
He was again re-appointed in 1835 and
1836. In the fall of May, 1837, the
office having become elective, he was
nominated for the same office by the
whig party, and elected without opposi-
tion, and served two years longer. Resin
Naylor was a native of Adair county,
Kentucky, where he resided until com-
ing to this state. He, at first, located in
Sangamon county, but in 1830 came to
McDonough county and to Macomb in
1833, where he entered upon his busi-
ness of harness making, which he fol-
lowed when not holding official position.
He was made postmaster of Macomb in
1852, and served several years. He died
in Macomb during the year 1859.

Jesse M. Chapman was elected to this
responsible office at the fall election of
1839, and served two years.

Iverson L. Twyman was the next to
fill this position, having been elected
thereto in the autumn of 1843, and,
being re-elected in 1845, served four
years.

Iverson Louis Twyman, deceased,
came to this county in 1836 from Hardin
county, Kentucky, where he was born
in December, 1814. He was therefore
among the early settlers, and witnessed
the development of this county from a
state of natural wilderness to one of
improved farms and desirable homes.
Upon his arrival here, he first clerked
for William R. Bell in a general store in
Macomb, and continued with him a
number of years, or until Mr. Bell went
out of business. His next business was
ths drug trade, in which he was engaged
a few years, then sold out and formed a
partnership for general merchandizing

with D. P. Wells. Meanwhile, in addi-
tion to his business, he was called upon
to fill the position of county assessor
and collector; and when the Northern
Cross railroad (now the C., B. & Q. )
was being built, he was collector for
that corporation. He had executive
ability of a high order, and was twice
elected to the responsible office of county
treasurer, once in 1843 and again in
1845. He was also interested here in
real estate business, in partnership with
different parties. In company with D.
P. Wells and John D. Hail, Mr. Twyman
laid out the town of Bushnell, in 1854.
He subsequently engaged in the life and
fire insurance business, which he con-
tinued until the time of his death, which
occurred in December, 1882. Mr. Twy-
man was a self-made man, was brought
up on a farm, and during his youth was
employed in the various duties incident
to agricultural life. His education was
limited so far as obtained at school, but
by personal application he mastered the
various branches sufficiently to have a
fairly good business education. He was
married in Macomb, February 4, 1841,
to Mrs. Nancy Means, formerly Nancy
W. Smith, also a native Kentuckian. By
this marriage there were nine children,
seven of whom are now living four
boys and three girls: Willis I., married
to Mary Harding and now living in Ma-
comb, and has three children, one boy
and two girls; Eva, the wife of C. S.
Churchill, present circuit clerk, who has
had three children, one daughter and
two sons, the daughter having died
on March 4, 1885; Dillard T., also
married and living in Macomb, has two
children; Zachariah T., married to Mag-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

309

gie Cochrane, living in Macomb, has
three children, all boys; Frances M.,
married to Robert J. Gilbert, has one
son; they are living in Macomb; Ira B.,
now living in St. Louis, employed in a
railroad office; and Martha H., living
with her mother at home, in the city of
Macomb. Mr. Twyman during his life
was at one time a member of the Odd
Fellows' order, and together with his
wife was a member of the Christian
church.

John W. Westfall was the successor
of Mr. Twyman, in the treasurer's office,
having been elected in 1847, and serving
the people in that capacity for two years.

William T. Head was elected, in 1849,
to the office of county treasurer, and
held it for about a year, when he re-
signed it to accept the office of sheriff.
A reference is made to this gentleman,
to be found under the caption of clerk
of the circuit court, an office which he
filled at a later date.

At the regular election of 1850, the
people of the county were called upon
to choose a treasurer to fill the vacancy
caused by the retirement of Mr. Head,
and their choice fell upon Samuel E.
Taylor, who filled the office for one
year.

J. E. Wooley, the next incumbent of
the office of county treasurer, was elected
in 1851, and served one term of two
years.

T. B. McCormick was the successor of
Mr. Wooley in this office. He was elec-
ted in the fall of 1853, and served but a
part of a year.

Theodore B. McCormick was born
February 22, 1818, and is a son of John
McCormick, who came to McDonough

county in the fall of 1835, and settled
on section 33, Chalmers township. John
McCormick was a native of Carroll
county, Maryland, where he was born
August 21, 1789. When John was four
years old, his brother, Robert McCor-
mick took the family to Fayette county,
Kentucky, where John grew to man-
hood. He located, when a young man,
in Sullivan county, of the same state,
where he resided until he came to this
county in 1835. He was married to
Nancy Cox and by this union had seven
children. His wife died, May 31, 1838.
He survived until December 18, 1880.
The subject of this sketch, Theodore B.
McCormick, came with the family to
McDonough county. In 1843, he locat-
ed on section 28, Chalmers township.
The following year he removed to his
present farm on section 17, of the same
town, where he owns 130 acres of well
improved land. In 1853, he was elected
treasurer of McDonough county, and
served one year in that capacity. He
has held the office of town supervisor,
two terms, and that of town treasurer,
several terms. He was married Decem-
ber 28, 1843, to Emily Stevens, daugh-
ter of William Stevens, of this township.
They have two children living, Nancy J.
and Florence L.

To fill the vacancy in the treasurer's
office at the election in the fall of 1854,
the people elected Francis D. Lipe,
county treasurer for one year.

Among the 1840 settlers of McDon-
ough county was F. D. Lipe, a native of
Hawkins county, Tennessee.' He after-
wards became a resident of Kentucky,
and was married there to Lucinda Shu-
mate, a native of that state. Upon com-

310

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ing to McDonough county he engaged
in farming in what is now Chalmer's
township, which occupation he followed
until about 1846, when he engaged in
general merchandizing at Middletown,
and resided there until 1854, when he
was elected county treasurer as above
and in 1858, was elected to the office of
sheriff of the county. He removed to
Macomb, where, after the expiration of
his term of office, he engaged in the
grocery business. He was again elected
was again elected as sheriff in 1864,
and served one term. He then engaged
in the hotel business, in what was known
as " Brown's " hotel, and afterwards
changed to the " Si Elmo." His wife
died in 18 , leaving seven children
W. M., Elizabeth, who married Gilbert
Cheatam and has since died ; Eliza, who
married Sydney Garrett, removed to
California, where she died ; Martha, now
the wife of James K. Campbell of
Bushnell; Mary, who married Harry
Gordon, and died in Peru, Illinois;
David, who died in Macomb; Anna, the
wife of Miles L. Berber, of Minneapo-
lis, Minn. Mr. Lipe subsequently mar-
ried Mrs. Wall, and now resides in Chi-
cago.

John Knappenberger, at the election
of 1855, was the choice of a large ma-
jority of the qualified voters of the
county, and was duly inducted into the
office of treasurer. The people of Mc-
Donough, duly appreciating true worth,
and official integrity, when allied with
great financial ability, re-elected him
four several times, in 1857, 1859, 1861
and 1863, he serving in this position for
ten successive years.

John Knappenberger is a native of

Pennsylvania, having been born in West-
moreland county, on the 13th of October,
1829. He came to McDonough county
in March, 1851, and settled at Blandins-
ville, where he followed the business of
carpentering and building until the fall
of 1855, when he was elected as above.
In 1857, he removed his family to Ma-
comb, where he made a residence until
July 14th, 1866, when he removed to
Brunswick, Chariton county, Missouri,
where he is at present en gaged in the in-
surance and real estate business. He
was married in Blandinsville to Mary J.
Ross, January llth, 1853.

The next to fill this responsible office
of treasurer of the county, was W. H. H.
Hainline, who was elected in November,
1865. The biographical sketch of Mr.
Hainline is given in connection with the
Macomb Journal, of which he is editor,
in the chapter devoted to the history of
the press of the country.

Sydnor H. Hogan, was the successor
of Mr. Hainline in the treasurer's office,
having been elected in the autumn of
1867, and occupying that position for
two years.

Sydnor H. Hogan came to McDon-
ough county, in October, 1849, locating
then, in Eldorado township. He was
born June 15th, 1821, in Muskingum
county, Ohio, and was a son of Richard
Hogan, a native of the same state. Syd-
nor was reared and educated in Ohio,
where he resided until 1849. In 1852,
he was elected sheriff of this county and
served one term, after which he served
one term as deputy sheriff. In 1867 he
was elected to the office of county treas-
urer, which he held two years. He re-
moved from Eldorado to Macomb, in

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

311

1852, and in 1860, located on section 5,
Scotland township, ten years later, he
moved to the farm where his son Frank
now lives, located on section 19 of the
same township. Mr. Hogan was mar-
ried October 24, 1844, to Rebecca Davis.
By this union there were four children,
three of whom are living. He died Feb-
ruary 9, 1875. His widow survived un-
til February 18, 1884. Frank P. Hogan,
a well known farmer of Scotland town-
ship, is a son of Sydnor H. Hogan, and
was born January 4, 1854, in McDon-
ough county, where he has always re-
sided. He has made farming his sole
occupation and for the past 15 years has
lived upon his present farm. He owns
160 acres of well improved land. He
was married May 5, 1875, to Alice B.
Kelly, a daughter of John M. Kelly of
this township. They have one child,
George P.

Samuel A. Hunt, was the successful
candidate for the office of treasurer at
the general election of 1869, and filled
the office for two years.

Samuel A. Hunt was born on the 31st
day of May, 1818, in Washington county,
East Tennessee, and is the son of Joshua
and Nancy (Bacon) Hunt. In 1831, his
parents removed to McDonough county
and made a settlement in what is now
Colchester township, on section 14.
Samuel was elected to the office of county
surveyor in 1838, to fill a vacancy, and
continued in that office until 1846, when
at the request of his democratic friends
he resigned to accept the nomination for
sheriff, but David Lawson, his opponent
for the office, was enabled to capture the
position. In the spring of 1847, Mr. Hunt
removed to the village of Milton, Pike

county, where upon the 21st day of
November, 1848, he was united in mar-
riage with Elizabeth Heaton. The fol-
lowing year he returned to this county
and located at Middletown, where he re-
mained until August, 1852. He, then,
moved on a farm, the southwest quarter
of section 34, in Hire township. In 1857,
receiving the nomination for the office
of county surveyor on the democratic
ticket, he was elected and continued in
office for six years, being re-elected
twice. In 1869, he was elected county
treasurer as above stated, he being at that
time a resident of the town of Bushnell,
whither he had removed in 1864. In
1879, he removed to Kingman county,
Kansas, where he now resides, and is
filling the position of county commis-
sioner having been elected to that office
in 1882. In the married relation Mr.
Hunt was to be envied, until the death
of the faithful partner of his joys, on
the 20th of December, 1882. He was
the father of seven children, of whom
four are living, They were named Cave
J., John M., Maryette, Cornelia, Samuel
R., Enolia G., and Lewis O.

William M. Lipe was the immediate
successor of Mr. Hunt in this office. His
service was for two years, also, from his
election in the fall of 1871.

W. M. Lipe, one of the leading grocery
merchants of Macomb, is the oldest son
of F. D. Lipe. He was born on the 25th
day of September, 1840, in southern Ill-
inois, his birth taking place in a mover's
wagon while his parents were on their
way from Kentucky to McDonough
county, Illinois. When the family set-
tled in Macomb, W. M., then a small boy,
commenced mercantile life in the capac-

312

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ity of a clerk in a grocery store. When
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail-
road was being built, Mr. Lipe went to
Wataugua, Illinois, and there learned
the art of telegraphy, and, soon took
charge of the office at Macomb, he being
the second operator at that point. He
held this position until 1868, at which
time he engaged in the grocery business.
In 1871, he was elected to the office of
county treasurer, and served one term,
after which he again resumed the gro-
cery business, in which he has met with
deserved success. William Lipe and
Harriet Leach, a daughter of Bufus
Leach, were united in marriage. They
are the parents of three children Louie,
Ada and Ruth. Mr. Lipe is a democrat
in politics, and is a member of the An-
cient Free and Accepted Masons and the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
both subordinate and encampment.

The election cf 1873 resulted in the
elevation of Anthony Thornton to the
position of county treasurer. He, too,
served two years. Anthony Thornton
has been a man of considerable promi-
nence in McDonough county. Among
other matters of public interest in which
he has been particularly interested was
the " grange movement." Indeed, such
was his popularity, by virtue of his con-
nection with that order, that in 1873 he
was elected county treasurer, entirely
unsolicited by himself. He served in that
capacity until 1875. He has had consid-
erable experience in this county in teach-
ing, having been thus employed from
1858 till 1862. During the latter year
he moved to Blandinsville and remained
six years, engaged in manufacturing and
selling furniture. In 1869 he returned

to his farm, on section 36 of Hire town-
ship, and there lived until 1873. In 1875
he engaged in the book and stationary
business, and continued until 1881, since
which time he has been living a compar-
atively retired life. He is a native of
Kentucky,and was born in Marion county,
March 19, 1827. His father was Harri-
son Payton Thornton, a native Virginian,
of English origin, who came to Kentucky
when two years old. His mother was
formerly Elizabeth Chamberlain, a na-
tive of Kentucky. She died in 1852, and
his father in 1881. Anthony Thornton's
settlement in this county bears date
April 6, 1858. He was married Septem-
ber 19, 1864, to Amanda M. Welch. They
have had seven children, only one of
whom is now living, Mary E. The fam-
ily are members of the Cumberland
Presbyterian church, in which organiza-
tion he is an elder. He is a strong tem-
perance man, and an earnest worker in
the cause. He is a member of the I. O.
O. F. and of the Good Templars. Of the
latter fraternity he was representative to
the grand lodge, in 1861, at Decatur; in
1862 at Springfield; in 1863 at Quincy;
in 1864 at Chicago; in 1867 at Decatur,
and in 1878 at Abingdon, and was at one
time state deputy, to organize lodges.

The next to fill the office for two years
was John W. Siders, who was elected in
the fall of 1875.

Mr. Siders is a native of Ohio, having
been born in Highland county, of that
state, on the 31st day of March, 1839.
His father, Henry Siders, was born near
Frederick, Maryland, but at an early age
emigrated to Virginia, the native state
of his mother, whose maideu name was
Nancy Kidd. The young couple were

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

313

poor in this world's goods, but rich in
faith, and with a will and determination
to dare and do. Shortly after marriage
they moved to Ohio, settling in High-
land county, where they made their home
for some years. Mr. Siders was a hard-
working man, one that never shirked
duty in any respect. It is said of him
that he could clear more land of its tim-
ber and brush than any man in the whole
state. The first recollection of the sub-
ject of our present sketch is in living in
the timber, gathering together, piling up
and burning the brush from the fallen
trees. At the age of six years he was
sent to the common schools of the county
in which he lived, this being continued
for four months in each year until he
was 12 years of age, since which time he
had only forty days' schooling. During
this last period duties were placed upon
him which the youth of our land at pres-
ent would doubtless rebel against. With
nine others he was classed off two and
two, and one day in each week would
have to cut the wood and build the fire
in the old-fashioned fire-place, which
was eight feet wide and which required
for one filling a very large amount of
wood. The school house was situated
in a valley, and whole trees were dragged
down from the top of the high hill and
piled around the school house that they
might be cut by the oldest boys.

In 1856, with his parents, he came to
McDonough county, settled in Emmet
township, where he resided until he re-
moved to Macomb on his accession to
the office of county treasurer to which
he had been elected the year previous.
All the best years of his life have been
spent on a farm, and for nearly 20 years

of that time he has worked on the farm
in summer and taught school in the
winter. As a teacher he has been emi-
nently successful. Notwithstanding the
short time spent in the schools of the
county, he has at home studied hard to
prepare himself for usefulness in life.
He is a self-educated and a self-made
man in every respect. At present Mr.
Siders resides at Plymouth, Indiana,
where he edits and publishes the Repub-
lican, of that place.

John Neff, in 1877, was elected to this
office by the democratic party, and en-
tering upon the duties of the position,
served his constituents in this capacity
for nearly a year, when his death oc-
curred. An election was ordered to fill
the Vacancy occasioned by the death of
Mr. Neff, and Dr. B. K. Westfall and John
W. Westfall were nominated respectively
by the republican and democratic par-
ties. The election resulted in the selec-
tion of John W. Westfall by a majority
of over 300 to supply that vacancy.
About the year 1880 the latter removed
to Beatrice, Nebraska, where he died in
January, 1885.

After a closely contested campaign in
1879, it was found that W. M. Kagon,
the republican candidate for the office of
county treasurer, was ahead, and on the
1st of January following he took upon
himself the duties of the office, and
served for three years.

William M. Ragon, the present pro-
prietor of the Eagle pottery works, was
born in Hamilton county, Tennessee,
November 5, 1838, being the son of
David and Nancy (Faw) Ragon. Wm.
M. grew to manhood in his native state,
and in 1861 removed to Illinois, going

314

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

direct to Blandinsville, McDonough
county, where lie engaged in the black-
smith and wagon-making business, hav-
ing learned those trades in his native
state. The following winter he removed
to Henderson county, but one year later
returned to Blandinsville, and, in the
fall of 1862, was married to Nancy For-
rest, a daughter of William F. Forrest.
In the spring of 1863, William settled
on a farm in Emmett township, and on
the night of the 26th of August of that
year his corn crop was destroyed by the
frost. In February, 1864, he enlisted in
company A, 16th Illinois infantry, and
served up to the close of the war. He
then returned to Blandinsville, and re-
sumed work at his trade, but soon after-
ward again engaged in farming, which
he continued until 1879, when he was
elected as county treasurer of this county
and served three years. During his term
of office he became interested in the
Eagle pottery works, of which he is now
the sole proprietor. Politically, Mr.
Ragon is a staunch republican, and does
much for the success of his party. He
is a member of the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and
Ancient Order of United Workingmen
societies. Mr. and Mrs. Ragon have
been the parents of eight children, six of
whom are now living Ollie, Stella, Alta,
Bertha, Corda and Willie.

Thomas I. Sorter, the present county
treasurer, was elected in November,
1882, and has held it ever since.

Thomas I. Sorter, a son of John and
Margaret (Sweazy) Sorter, was born in
Kentucky, and when a mere boy came
with his parents to Illinois, and in 1849
settled in McDonough county, locating

on a farm in what is now Hire township.
They had near neighbors, but on the
north of them there were but two
houses between them and Blandinsville,
a distance of six miles. They soon re-
moved to Blandinsville, and continued
tilling the soil, their principal trading
point being Warsaw, a distance of 40
miles. To take a load of grain to said
market required four days, and four dol-
lars was considered good compensation,
but to earn this amount it was necessary
to bring back a load of merchandise for
merchants at Blandinsville. Mr. Sorter
followed teaming for several years, and
hauled corn during one winter, for his
father, to Blandinsville, a distance of
three miles. At that time corn was not
weighed or measured, and when it was
all hauled, the purchaser estimated the
amount delivered, and concluded that he
had received about 1,000 bushels, and
allowed him 10 cents per bushel for the
same, at which price corn was not worth
weighing. Mr. Sorter learned the wagon
making trade, but on acouiit of poor
health was compelled to give it up. He
engaged in the grocery business, and in
the fall of 1872 removed his business to
Bushnell. In 1874 he engaged in the
manufacture of cigars, in which business
he continued until the fall of 1880, when
he was elected county treasurer, and re-
moved to Macomb. At that time he
had a large stock of cigars on hand,
which were destroyed by fire June 1,
1884, by which he lost $2,500. He is a
democrat in politics, and held several
local offices previous to his election , to
the office of county treasurer. He is a
member of the A. F. & A. M., I. O. O. F.,
and K. of P. lodges. On the 1st of

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

317

March, 1863, he was married to Clarinda
E. Cherry. Her parents died when she
.was very young, and she was then
reared in the family of her uncle,
Thomas Cherry. Mr. and Mrs. Sorter
have one son, William L. Mrs. Sorter
has been a helpless invalid since Sep-
tember, 1870, caused by rheumatism.
Mr. Sorter has always been prominently
identified with McDonough county, and,
in his present position, has proved him-
self to be an efficient and trustworthy
officer, and one who is deserving of the
respect and support of the citizens of
the county, without regard to party.

CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.

On the organization of the county, in
1830, John Baker was appointed clerk
of the circuit court, pro tern., by Eichard
M. Young, then judge of the fifth judi-
cial district, and he acted as clerk of the
first term of the circuit court ever held
in this county. The first regularly ap-
pointed clerk of the circuit court, how-
ever, was James M. Campbell, who re-
ceived the appointment to that office
from Eichard M. Young, judge of this,
the then fifth judicial district, in the
spring of 1831. Mr. Campbell held this
office for more than 15 years, to the in-
finite credit of himself and the satisfac-
tion of all concerned. A sketch of this
old pioneer and able man may be found
in a previous part of this chapter, under
the heading of general assembly, he
having been honored by being sent by
the people of this district to represent
them at the state capital.

William H. Eandolph was the next to
fill this important office, having been
elected in 1848, and re-elected both, in

1852 and 1854. He was one of the most
prominent men in the county, and largely
identified with the official life of the
county. In 1844 he was elected as a
member of the state house of represent-
atives, and re-elected in 1846, and in
connection with that office is written up
at length.

In 1856, William T. Head was elected
to the office of circuit clerk by the peo-
ple of the county, and served them in
this capacity for four years.

Mr. Head was born in Washington
county, Kentucky, on the 16th day of
February, 1816. He emigrated to Mc-
Donough county Illinois, in the fall of
1834, and on the fifth day of November
entered the office (or rather offices) of
James M. Campbell, who then held the
office of clerk of the circuit court, clerk
of the county court, postmaster and
county recorder, as assistant clerk, in
which position he remained until elected
county recorder in August, 1839.

On the reorganization of the judiciary
in the spring of 1841, he met the Hon.
Stephen A. Douglas, one of the judges
of the supreme court, performing circuit
duties in the fifth judicial circuit, being
the first court at which he presided as
judge. At that time a very large amount
of business had accumulated upon the
dockets in every county in the circuit, to
an extent that it required great labor to
dispatch the business of the courts, con-
sequently it required more than an ordi-
nary clerical force to make up the rec-
ords, and as there had been the year be-
fore (1840) the most exciting political
contest that the country had ever exper-
ienced, it was expected that a general re-
moval of 'the opposition clerks would be

318

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

made by the court, and such was the
case, In anticipation of this, Mr. Head
accepted the invitation of the judge to
accompany him on the circuit and make
the record for the new appointees, and
assist such of those who were not re-
moved; as needed assistance. In conse-
quence of this, he had charge of the
records in McDonough county, where he
still remained as deputy, and- of Han-
cock, Henderson, Warren and Schuyler.
The arduous duties of this he continued
to perform, until relieved by his brother,
who was for many years afterwards clerk
of the circuit court of Hancock county,
but is now deceased.

In the year 1843, Mr. Head was again
elected county recorder of McDonough
county, and was by the county court ap-
pointed a commissioner to transcribe the
records of the military lands in McDon-
ough county; recorder at Edwardsville
and Pittsfield, and in the state recorder's
office, and completed the work in the fol-
lowing year.

In 1847 he was again elected recorder,
which office he held until the abolition
of the office by the constitution of 1848.
In the fall of 1849, he was elected county
treasurer, but which office he resigned,
and in 1850 was elected sheriff of the
county. In 1852 he was an unsuccessful
candidate for the office of circuit clerk,
but in 1856 was more fortunate, being
chosen to fill that responsible office by
the people of the county. In 1860 he
was a candidate for re-election for the
same office, but was defeated, as is said,
by unfair means. In 1864, Mr. Head
entered the office of J. H. Hungate, as
deputy to that gentleman who had just
been elected clerk. In 1867, Mr. Head

emigrated to Sabine county, Missouri,
where he engaged in business, and re-
mained until January, 1874. During his
stay in that locality he had the honor to
serve as mayor of the beautiful city of
Marshall, At the date last above writ-
ten he moved to Quincy, to accept a po-.
sition in the office of the circuit clerk of
that county, where he still remains.

J. B. Cummings was elected to fill this
office in 1860, and held it for one term
of four years, to the satisfaction of all.
He was born in Cecil county, Maryland,
January 17, 1824, and is the son of
James and Rachel (Hall) Cummings,
both natives of that state. His early
life was spent upon a farm, and in the
private or select schools of his native
state and Ohio, to which latter place the
family removed on the death of his
father, which occurred in the early part
of the year 1837. The family settled in
Harrison county, of that state, where
they remained three years, going from
thence to Butler county, Pennsylvania.
After settling up affairs, on the death of
his father, but little was left, and the
support of the family fell upon John
and an older sister, the latter engaging
as a teacher, while John secured a place
as clerk in a dry goods and grocery store,
which occupation he followed for some
years, or until enabled to go into busi-
ness for himself. Mr. Cummings has
been twice married; first to Evaline W.
Pearson, of Butler county, Pennsylvania,
March 3, 1847.

By this union, there were six children
five of whom are still living Clarence
P., born December 27, 1847, now en-
gaged as a book-keeper and dealer in
real estate, in Rio Grande county, Col-

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

319

orado; Leonidas B., who married
Georgie Westgate, of Quincy, and now
resides at Bushnell; James E., who mar-
ried Matilda J. Perrine, and is now
a resident of Bushnell, where he con-
ducts a job printing office; Chas. C., who
resides at home, and is a shareholder and
bookkeeper for the Bushnell Fire Clay
tile and brick works; Eva, the wife of
C. W. Dickerson, of Chicago, at present
cashier for Lord, Owens & Company,
wholesale druggists; Minnie, the sixth
child, died in infancy. Mrs. Cummings
departed this life on the 16th of Novem-
ber, 1862. Mr. Cummings was again
married, April 19th, 1864, to Mrs. Mary
E. Parkinson, nee Chambers, a native
of Kentucky, and who was born near
Lexington. Her parents removed
to Sangamon county, Illinois, in the
month of October, 1844. By her first
marriage, Mrs. Cummings was the
mother of two children, now deceased
Charles Henry and Ann Elizabeth.
Her father, William Chambers, was one
of the early settlers of Macomb, and a
sketch of whom will he found elsewhere
in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Cum-
mings are the parents of one child-
William C., who was born on the 16th
of January, 1865, and resides at home.
In 1851 Mr. Cummings came to
the "Great West," as then called, and
took up his residence at Macomb, in this
county, where he resided until his re-
moval to the city of Bushnell in 1865.
Shortly after coming to Macomb, in
company with Mr. John B. Pearson, he
purchased the stock and good will of
Messrs. Randolph & Parkinson in the
dry goods and grocery trade, continuing
the same, with some changes, until 1857,

when he retired from the firm that he
might accept the position as clerk in the
newly established banking house of
Charles Chandler & Co., which position
he retained until his election to the office
of clerk of the circuit court of McDon-
ough county in 1860. At this election
he ran for the office against William T.
Head, one of the most popular men in
the county, receiving a small majority,
notwithstanding the county had never
previously given a majority in favor of
the party to which Mr. Cummings be-
longed. Mr. Head, not content with the
result, contested the election, but the
court before whom the case was tried,
decided in Mr. Cummings' favor. At
the expiration of his term of office he
removed to Bushnell, and in company
with Charles Chandler, started a private
banking house under the firm name of
Chandler & Cummings. Mr. Chandler
residing in Macomb and being engaged
in a similar enterprise, the business of
the Bushnell firm was conducted by Mr.
Cummings alone. In 1871 a charter was
obtained for a national bank, the firm in-
vested their means in the same, and, to-
gether with other parties, organized the
Farmer's National bank, with Mr. Cum-
mings as cashier and general manager.
On his removal to Bushnell, with his
accustomed zeal, Mr. Cummings at once
entered upon the work of promoting the
interests of that go-ahead town no pub-
lic enterprise but what secured his
hearty and active co-operation. On the
organization of the town as a city in
1869, he was elected its first mayor, was
several times re-elected to the same of-
fice. While in the office of clerk. of
the circuit court he gave the greatest

320

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

attention to the details of that office.
Having business to transact with hun-
dreds throughout the county, he treated
all in a way to secure their friendshtp
and good will. Although beaten for the
same office in 1864, it was not on ac-
count of the loss of any personal popu-
larity, but from causes resulting from
the war. In the discharge of his duties
as mayor of the city of Bushnell he
always endeavored to be impartial in
everything, working for the best inter-
ests of that place.

In 1878 he was a candidate before the
republican state convention for state
treasurer, and although making no can-
vass whatever of the state, and making
no special effort for the nomination, he
received unanimous support of the dele-
gates for the 10th and llth congressional
districts, and held the balance of power
in the corivention, and it was by turning
his support to Hon. J. C. Smith that gave
that gentleman the nomination.

John H. Hungate was the next occu-
pant of this office, having been elected
at the general election of 1864, although
running against J. B. Cummings, one of
the most popular men in the county. He
served the county for four years. 3

John H. Hungate was born in Han-
cock county, Illinois, on the 2d day of
June, 1838. He was admitted to the bar
in 1862, and commenced the practice of
law. He was elected to the office of
clerk of the circuit court as above. In-
1876 he. was the democratic nominee for
congress, in the tenth congressional dis-
trict, and the nominee of the same
party in 1880, for state senator from the
twenty-fourth district. He is, at pres-
ent, a banker at LaHarpe, Illinois.

The next incumbent of the office of clerk
of the circuit court was Benj. F. Pink-
ley, elected in November, 1868, and serv-
ing one term of four years.

At the November election of 1872,
Isaac N. Pearson was the successful
contestant for the official honors and
emolument arising from the position of
clerk of the circuit court. He entered
upon the discharge of his duties and
fulfilled them so well, that in 1876, he
was re-elected to the same office, serving
in all, eight years. Mr. Pearson is
noticed at length in connection with the
Thirty-third general assembly.

Joseph E. Wyne was elected to this
onerous and responsible of fice,in Novem-
ber, 1880, and served his constituency
admirably for one term of four years.

Joseph E. Wyne, one of Macomb's
prominent retired citizens, is a native
Kentuckiaii, and was born February 13,
1820, being the son of B. F. and Mary
Ann (Doyle) Wyne, both deceased, the
former of whom was a native of New
Jersey, and the latter of Ireland. Joseph
E., was left an orphan when but a small
boy, and, in April, 1834, with the family
of Joseph McCrosky, he came to Illi-
nois and settled in the northern part of
Industry township, McDonough county.
Here he tilled the soil for about four
years, then removing to the city of Ma-
comb, where he commenced mercantile
life as a clerk in the store of N. P. Tin-
sley, with whom he remained some seven
years. He then entered into a partner-
ship with C. A. Lawson, and, under the
firm name of Wyne & Lawson, carried
on a general store until 1848, at which
time Mr. Wyne bought the interest of
his partner, and continued in the busi-

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

321

ness until 1856, when he sold out and
entered into the lumber trade, continuing
the same for three years. In 1861 he
received the appointment of postmaster
of Macomb, which office he held until
1865. He again engaged in the lumber
business in 1866, which he followed until
1869. In 1870 Mr. Wyne was appointed
census-taker of McDonough county, and
soon afterwards became deputy circuit
clerk, serving as such until 1880, in
which year he was elected clerk of the
court, which office he held one term,
four years. In 1845 Joseph E. Wyne
and Laurinda Hays, a daughter of Dr.
Charles Hays, were united in marriage.
As a result of this union, they had 10
children born to them, eight of whom
are yet living Elizabeth, wife of James
A. Hungate, of Washington territory ; J.
W., H. C., Lewis E., a lawyer at Kansas
City; Frank P., Chicago, Burlington &
Qunicy station agent at Peoria; George
H., with American Express Company;
Annie, and Walker, a book-keeper at
Macomb. In politics Mr. Wyne is a
staunch republican, and, besides the
offices named above, has held numerous
local offices. In fact, his friends have
kept him in some office of trust about
all the time, thus showing his personal
popularity. He is a Royal Arch Mason..

Cadwallader S. Churchill, the present
incumbent of the office of clerk of the
circuit court, was elected to that position
in November, 1884.

C. S. Churchill, the present clerk of
the court, was born in the town of Ma-
comb, April 25, 1834, being a son of
Richard H. and Sarah A. (Brown)
Churchill. His father died in 1837, af-
ter which the remainder of his family

returned to Kentucky, their former
home. The early life of C. S., was
spent on a farm, and he received his ed-
ucation in private schools, as they were
the only schools in existence in the
south. In 1856, he returned to his nat-
ive county and engaged in the dry
goods trade, and subsequently also, en-
tered into the lumber business. He af-
terwards engaged as traveling salesman
for a wholesale liquor house. In the
fall of 1884, he was elected to his pres-
ent office. He was married April 3,
1860, to Mary E. Twyman, a daughter
of Iverson L. Twyman. They have
three children Nannie, Alfred B., and
Iverson L. Nannie, the eldest, died in
March, 1885. Mr. Churchill is a democrat
in politics and is a Royal Arch Mason
and a member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen.

Burchard H. Churchill, father of C.
S., was a native of Kentucky, and while
yet a resident of that state, he was mar-
ried to Sarah A. Brown. In 1833 they
came to Illinois, and settled in McDon-
ough county. Mr. Churchill died Octo-
ber 14, 1837, and his wife with her fam-
ily returned to Kentucky, where she
died in 1872. They had six children,
two of whom are now living in this
county C. S., and John W.

SHERIFFS.

As has been already said, the first
election in the county was held at the
house of Elias McFadden, on the 3d of
July, 1830, at which time the officers to
perfect the organization of the county
were duly elected. Among these was
William Southward, the first sheriff of
McDonough county. These officers

322

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

were chosen to fill these places until the
next election, which was in August, fol-
lowing, when Mr. Southward was re-el-
ected. He was again re-elected in 1832
and 1834. Mr. Southward was one of
the early settlers at what was then
known as " Job's settlement " now Blan-
dinsville, coming in the spring of 1826.
After his term of office as sheriff had
expired, he left this country and moved
to Missouri and has been lost sight of.

Daniel Campbell was the second sher-
iff of the county, having been elected to
that office in the fall of 1836. He was
a native of Tennessee, where he resided
until 1828, when he removed to this
state and located in Sangamon county.
He remained there but one year when
he came to this county, landing in Ten-
nessee township on the 10th of Decem-
ber, 1829. In the spring of 1830, he lo-
cated on section 10, where he made some,
efforts to open up a farm, but in the fall
of the same year he moved to section 3,
where he resided until 1832. In that
and the succeeding year, he was a vol-
unteer in the Black Hawk war. In
1836, he was elected sheriff of the
county as above stated and served two
years. During the year 1841, he left
his home and made a trip through parts
of the south, especially the Red River
country, and while returning from thence
was taken sick and died in Green county,
Illinois, on the 9th of Apnil, 1842.

William H. Randolph was the next
incumbent of this office, being first elec-
ted in 1838, and re-elected in 1840 and
1842, filling this office therefore, for six
years. Mr. Randolph has been men-
tioned at length in connection with the
position of member of the general as-

sembly, an office which he filled at a
later date.

David Lawson, the next sheriff of
McDonough county, was elected to that
office in 1844, and twice re-elected, in
1846 and in 1848, serving in all six
years.

David Lawson came to this county
from Kentucky, in 1838, bringing his
family with him. He engaged in the gro-
cery business in Macomb and after-
wards added dry goods to his stock. In
1844 he was elected to the office of sher-
iff and was re-elected as above. He
took quite a prominent part in the Mor-
mon war, and was with the volunteers
from this county. He is at present at
Fort Worth, Texas, where he is engaged
in running a flour and feed depot and is
interested in stock matters. His family
are resdents of Macomb.

William T. Head, who is mentioned
elsewhere was elected to the office of
sheriff in 1850, resigning the office of
county treasurer to take this position.
He served the people of the county two
years,

Sydnor H. Hogaii was elected in 1852,
to fill the position of sheriff, and was re-
elected to the same office in 1854, and
served four years in this office. A notice
of him may be found in connection
with the office of treasurer, which he
filled at a later date.

George A. Taylor, in 1856, was elected
to the office of sheriff and occupied the
position for one term of two years.

George A. Taylor, one of McDonough
county's pioneers, came in the fall of
1833. He is a native Virginian, and was
born January 16, 1809, his parents being
Josiah and Elizabeth Taylor. When

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

323

George was about eight years of age, his
parents removed to North Carolina,
where he grew to manhood. He then
went to Cumberland county, Kentucky,
where he was* united in marriage with
Elizabeth A. Vawter, in 1833, and soon
afterwards removed to Illinois and
entered land in Chalmers township,
McDonough county, and engaged in
farming. He afterwards moved into
Scotland township. His principal occu-
pation was farming until 1850, when he
came to Macomb, and served as deputy
sheriff until 1856, being then elected to
the office of sheriff, and served as such
for two years. At the expiration of his
term as sheriff, he purchased a farm lo-
cated about three miles east of Macomb,
and again followed agricultural pursuits.
In the fall of 1865 he sold his farm,
wintered in Macomb, and the following
spring removed to the village of Industry,
and, in company with his son, Winslow
H., carried on hardware and grocery bus-
iness for!4 years. In the spring of 1880,
Mrs. Taylor died, and her husband then
closed out the business and returned to
Macomb, and, with his son, purchased
the livery business which they now con-
duct. Of the three children born to Mr.
and Mrs. Taylor, two are living. Paulina,
now the wife of R. H. Morsey, and
Winslow H. Lucy Jane, the eldest of
the children, became the wife of A. C.
Morsey, and settled at Pekin, Illinois,
where she died in 1880, leaving five
children. Mr. Taylor, voted for Andrew
Jackson in 1832, and has adhered to
democratic principles ever since, always
voting that ticket straight. Besides
holding the office of sheriff, he has filled
a seat in the board of supervisors.

The next to occupy the office of sheriff
of this county was F. D. Lipe, who was
elected thereto at the election in the fall
of 1858, and who filled the same for one
term of two years. Mr. Lipe has been
already noticed in connection with the
office of county treasurer.

At the general election in the fall of
1860, Silas J. Hopper was chosen by the
qualified voters of the county for the
office of sheriff. He entered upon the
duties of the office and served the peo-
pie for two years.

Amos Dixon was the 10th occupant of
this office. He was elected in the fall
of 1862, and served two years.

Amos Dixon, who was elected sheriff
of this county in 1862, is a native of
Chester county, Pennsylvania, born Jan-
uary 10, 1826. He was brought up on a
farm, receiving a limited education in
the common schools of his native state.
He came to this county in 1852 and first
settled in Industry township ; there re-
mained until elected sheriff, when he
moved to the city of Macomb. In 1852
he was married to Mary E. Pyle, also a
native of Pennsylvania. Politically he
has always affiliated with the democratic
party.

Next came G. L. Farwell, who was
chosen in 1864 by the citizens to fill this
honorable, but onerous, office, and he,
also, remained in this official capacity
two years.

Capt. G. L. Farwell, one of the early
settlers of Macomb, was born in St.
Charles, Missouri, August 30, 1818, his
parents being John and Abigail ( How-
land) Farwell, the former of whom died
when the captain was only five years old.
His mother subsequently married Benja-

324

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

min Walker. The family afterwards
moved to Illinois, and G. L., at the age
of 16, went to Quincy and engaged as a
clerk, where he remained until 1842,
when he came to Macomb and joined his
sister, the wife of Hon. James M. Camp-
bell. In 1845 Mary W. Cheatham be-
came his wife: ' They have one child
living. In 1861 G. L. enlisted and was
mustered into the service as captain of
company D, 28th Illinois infantry, which
rank he held during his service, being
mustered out in August, 1864. During
the battle at Jackson, Mississippi, the
captain was wounded, a rifle ball pene-
trating his right arm and passing through
his body. On his return home he was
elected sheriff and served one term, since
which time he has been a constable and
general collector. Politically, he is a
republican. The G. A. B. and the A. F.
and A. M. claim him as a member.

Samuel Wilson was elected, in 1866,
to this office, and held it one term.

Samuel Wilson is the eldest son of
John and Jane (McComsey) Wilson,
and was born March 17, 1817, at Mechan-
icsburg, Champaign county, Ohio. His
father, John Wilson, was born August
12, 1781, in Greenbrier county, Virginia,
and resided with his parents until 1804,
when he pushed out into the wilderness
of Ohio, making a settlement in Madison
county, where he was married. Mrs.
Wilson was a native of Harrodsburg,
Kentucky, born October 7, 1787, and re-
moved to Ohio in 1808; was married
December 20, 1809; seven children were
born to them Melissa, Margaret, Sam-
uel, John, Eli, Jane and Mary Ann. On
the 1st of March, 1816, John Wilson
moved to Champaign county, where the

subject of this sketch was born. Sam-
uel resided with the authors of his being
until September, 1835, when the family
emigrated to Illinois, and, coming to Mc-
Donough county, made a* settlement in
Bethel township,where John Wilson, the
elder, died on the 14th of June, 1843.
His aged wife followed him on the llth
of February, 1861. Samuel Wilson and
Susan Edmonston were married in this
county, November 30, 1837. Mrs. Wil-
son was a native of DuBois county, In-
diana, born May 20, 1822, and died June
6, 1884. This couple were the' parents
of ten children, three daughters and
seven sons, whose names are as follows:
Mary Jane, Annie, William, Eli, Zachary
T., Nicholas E., James E., Samuel, Laura
Lizzie and Edwin M. Samuel Wilson has
been a constant resident of this county
ever since 1835, except part of one year,
he having moved to Kansas in November,
1872, but returned to this place in the
following June. His occupation has
been principally farming, but he sold
goods' at Middletown, or Fandon, for a
while. He was the county assessor for
the year 1843, and again in 1851 and
1852 he assessed the south half of the
county and the city of Macomb. In pol-
itics he was a whig until 1856, when he
attached himself to the free soil, or re-
publican party, with whom he still affil-
iates. At the beginning of the war, in
April, 1861, he raised a company and
was unanimously chosen captain. On
reporting at Springfield he found that
he was too late to be included in the first
call for volunteers, but on proceeding
with his company to Quincy, assisted in
the organization of the 16th Illinois in-
fantry, of which he was made lieutenant-

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

325

colonel, and served with the regiment un-
til November 14, 1862, when he resigned
on account of ill-health and disability,
and returned home. In 1866 he was
elected sheriff of the county, as above
related. On the 14th of March, 1881, he
was appointed United States storekeeper
for the fourth collection district of Illi-
nois, and in January, 1884, was trans-
ferred to the fifth district, and is now on
duty at Peoria. Although without the
limits of the county, yet Mr. Wilson
claims Bethel township, McDonough
county, as his residence.

John E. Lane was the successor of
Mr. Wilson in the office, having been
elected in 1868.

J. E. Lane was born in Russell county,
Kentucky, October 1, 1834, and is a son
of Ghalson and Mary (James) Lane,
both natives of Kentucky. In the spring
of 1836 he with his parents removed to
Illinois and settled in Industry town-
ship, McDonough county. In May, 1861,
he enlisted as private in the 16th Illi T
nois volunteer infantry, and served as
such until 1862, when he was appointed
first sergeant of company A, and served
in such position until June 20, 1864,
when he returned to Macomb. He was
married October 20, 1864, to Josie A.
Kendrick, a daughter of W. H. Ken-
drick, of Macomb. They have one child
Frank A. In May, 1865, he was ap-
pointed city marshal, assessor and
collector and served two years; in
December, 1866, he was appointed
deputy sheriff by Colonel Sam. Wil-
son, and served in that capacity for
two years, and in the fall of 1868 he
was elected sheriff of the county, which
position he held for two years. In the

fall of 1870 he bought a farm in Carroll
county, Missouri, which he worked for
two years. He returned to Macomb,
December 24, 1872, and on the 16th day
of January, 1873, bought the interest of
S. L. Babcock in a grocery store, and
went into partnership with Jos. Upde-
graff, and continued in the business
with him for one year, when Mr. Upde-
graff retired, and he continued in the
business alone for about one year, when
he formed a partnership with G. W.
Pace, with whom he continued the busi-
ness until the fall of 1877, when they
sold out. He was elected constable in
the spring of 1877, and was re-elected in
the spring of 1881, and is constable at
present. In December, 1870, he was ap-
pointed deputy sheriff by Fred. Newland,
and was reappointed in 1882, to serve
four years.

In 1870, Thomas Murray was duly
elected to fill this official position, and
entering upon the duties thereof, he
served two years.

Samuel Frost, the sheriff elected in
November, 1872, remained in office the
regulation two years.

Samuel Frost, the present secretary
and superintendent of the Macomb tile
and sewer pipe company, came to this
county from Fulton in 1858. He is a
native of Ohio, born October 10th 1832.
He was brought up on a farm and re-
ceived a fair education, in the common
schools of his native state. He worked
hard when a boy upon farms in different
neighborhoods, making his father's
house his home. In 1850 he was mar-
ried to Frances Murphy, a native of
Ohio. He then left the old homestead,
but remained in Ohio engaged in farm-

326

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

ing until 1852, when he came to Fulton
county of this state, and followed the
same business until 1858, when, as before
stated he came to this county. His first
settlement here was made on section 4
of Eldorado township, where he rented a
farm which he afterward purchased.
He lived there from the spring of 1859
till 1864, then old out and bought an-
other farm in New Salem township, and
there remained until the fall of 1872,
when having been elected sheriff of the
county, he removed to Macomb, rented
the farm two years and then sold it. In
1874 he purchased a farm in Scotland
township, moved on to it and there lived
six years, then returned to Macomb.
He has since sold that place. He then
engaged in the grocery business, and
continued four years. In September,
1884, he entered upon the duties of his
present position. During the time of
his residence in Eldorado township, the
civil war broke out, and he enlisted in
company F, 84th regiment, Illinois vol-
unteer infantry, and remained in the
service about 18 months, when, on ac-
count of disability he was honorably
discharged. He participated in various
engagements, among them the battle of
Stone rive'r, where he was wounded,
from the effects of which he has never
fully recovered. Mr. and Mrs. Frost
have had nine children, six boys and
three girls, six of whom are now liv-
ing. Celia, married to Ezra Einehart,
and living in New Salem township;
George deceased; Charlie married to
Ollie Payne, living in Odessa, Missouri.
Albert, living at home ; John married
to Josie Masterson and living in Ma-
comb ; Hattie, the wife of Samuel Daw-

son, and now deceased; Mary, married
to Joseph Kline and living in Scot-
land township; William living at home,
and James (deceased). Mr. Frost is a
member of the Masonic fraternity and
of the G. A. E. His political creed is
that of the republican party, but tie may
properly be classed among the inde-
pendents.

J. B. Venard was the next to fill the of-
fice of sheriff, being elected in the fall of
1874. A sketch of this gentleman may
be found in connection with the history
of the city of Macomb, of which he is
the present postmaster.

Charles C. Hays served in this office
for two years, having been elected in
1876.

The election of 1878 developed a warm
contest for the office of sheriff, and
Winslow H. Taylor was elected by a
plurality of only 33, his principal oppo-
nent being Mr. Hays, the former occu-
pant of the office.

Winslow H. Taylor, of the livery firm
of Taylor & Son, was born in Bethel
township, McDonough county, Illinois,
on the 17th day of August, 1843, his par-
ents being George A. and Elizabeth
( Vawter) Taylor. In 1850 the family re-
moved to the city of Macomb, and, in
1857, Winslow H. commenced to learn
the tinner's trade, which he followed
during the winters, and assisted his
father on the farm during the summers,
until the month of August, 1864, at which
time he was united in marriage with Lu-
cintha Tatman, a daughter of Hiram
Tatman. In 1865 he removed to the
town of Industry and engaged in the
hardware and grocery business. One
year later his father entered into a part-

, HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

327

nership with him, and, under the firm
name of George A. Taylor & Son, carried
on the business until 1880. In the fall
of 1878, Winslow H. Taylor was elected
as sheriff of the county, he being the
first democratic sheriff elected for many
years. He served one term, since which
time he has been engaged in the livery
business. He has also served as a mem-
ber of the board of supervisors, from In-
dustry. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have been
the parents of five children, four of
whom are yet living Mae, Lizzie, Nel-
lie and Stella. Mr. T. is a member of
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, as is
he also of the Knights of Pythias.

Frederick Newland, the present sheriff
of McDonough county, was first elected
to this office in 1880, and has been kept
in that position by the people ever since,
as a mark of their appreciation of his
efficiency and rectitude.

Frederick Newland is a native of
England, having been born in that
country November 5, 1836, his parents
being Abraham and Sarah (Porter)
Newland. During his early life he
worked in the coal mines, and resided
in his native country until 1855, at which
time, accompanied by his mother and
brothers (his father having preceded
them), he emigrated to the United
States and located in LaSalle county,
Illinois. Two years later they removed
to McDonough county, settling at Col-
chester. Here Frederick followed min-
ing until 1861, then responded to his
country's call and enlisted in company
C, 16th Illinois infantry, and served
three years. Upon being mustered out
of the service he returned to Colchester
and entered mercantile life as a clerk

with his brother. While in that capacity
he was elected to the office of sheriff of
the county in 1880, and at the expiration
of his term of office was re-elected. As
an able and efficient officer, Mr. Newland
meets and merits the approbation of the
law-abiding portion of the community,
and has the respect of all. Politically,
he is a republican, but counts his
friends and supporters by the score in
the opposite political party. He is a
member of the Macomb lodge of Knight
of Pythias, as is he also of the Grand
Army of the Republic post of the same
city. In January, 1862, Frederick New-
land and Sarah E. Ingalls, a native of
Illinois and the daughter of Daniel D.
T. Ingalls, were united in the holy bonds
of matrimony. As a result of this union
they are now the parents of six children,
Jessie M., William N. S., Eleanor E.,
Emojean, Celia E. and Frederick I.

SUEVEYOES.

Some of the prominent representative
men of the county have several times
been called upon to fill the office of sur-
veyor. The first that occupied the posi-
tion was Jesse Bartlett,who was elected in
July, 1830. He was succeeded by James
W. Brattle, 1832. Many of the parties who
have held the office, are mentioned in
some other connection, and it would be
useless to repeat the same here. A list
of them is however given with the date
of their election, for a convenient refer-
ence: C. W. Bacon, 1835; S. A. Hunt,
1838-43; H. I. C. Averill, 1846-47; J.
W. Brattle, 1848; W. H. Rile, 1849-51-
53; C. A. Gilchrist, 1855; S. A. Hunt,
1857-59-61; A. J. White, 1863; J. B.
Nickel, 1864; J. W. Brattle, 1865; S. A.

328

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Hunt, 1867; W. J. Edie, 1869; James
Shannon, 1871; B. R Howard, 1875;
Cephas Holmes, 1879-84.

CORONEES.

The following is a list of those who
have filled the office of coroner in Mc-
Donough county, together with the date
of their election: Peter Hale, 1830;
Isaac Bartlett, 1830; John Woodsides,
1832; R. S. Lowe, 1834; John P. Head,
1837; C. G. Overton, 1838; B. B. Head,
1840-42; W. W. Clayton, 1845; John P.
Head, 1848; L. Graves, 1850; S. H. Mc-
Candless, 1852; David Eeece, 1854; J.
H. Epperson, 1856; J. H. Swigart, 1858;
Isaac P. Moiitfort, 1860; Jeremiah Sul-
livan, 1862-64; W. W. Head, 1866; J.
H. Epperson, 1868; D. W. Campbell,
1870; W.E. Pittman, 1872; W. H. Way-
land, 1874; G. W. Reid, 1876-78; C. F.
Griffiths, 1880; R. Lawrence, 1882; J.
Hindman, 1884.

James Wells Brattle was born in
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, June 16, 1795.
His father, William Brattle, was a native

of Wethersfield, Connecticut, as was
also his mother, Hannah Wells. His
people were farmers, but for many years
James pursued the profession of a sur-
veyor. He obtained his education in his
native village, and worked on a farm and
studied surveying while yet a young
man. In the fall of 1829 he came
west and located in Hancock county near
Nauvoo. He laid out that town, and
pursued the occupation of a surveyor in
that locality until 1831, when he went to
Carthage, the county seat, and was
elected county surveyor. In 1836 he
came to McDonough county, where he
has since remained. He has laid out
many towns, including the city of Ma-
comb, which was re-surveyed and platted
by him. Mr. Brattle has always enjoyed
good health, and gives promise of living
years to come. His parents died while
he was yet young. He never married.
He has always enjoyed the confidence
and esteem of his neighbors, and his
friends are numerous.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE COURTS OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

Man, a finite being, is of a necessity,
from his nature, an imperfect creature,
and as such requires that laws, both
human and divine, shall be enacted, with
the penalties attached for their violation,
for his government. Ever since the day

when our first parents, Adam and Eve,
were placed in the garden of Eden, with
the injunction to let the fruit of a certain
tree alone, with the penalty for trans-
gression attached, man has had to have
some law to govern him, or he descends

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

329

to barbarism and rapine. Through a
long line of law givers and legislators,
we trace the laws of the present back to
the decalogue, given to the tribes of
Israel when they wandered in the deserts
of Arabia, the underlying principles of
which are the fundamental basis of all
modern law. Circumstances and sur-
roundings have changed since the days
when that alone was needed, and the
present complex and often prolix laws
are the superstructure built upon the
foundation of the "ten commandments."

The existence of laws implies the ex-
istence of courts wherein all questions
of law shall be determined and interpre-
ted. This fact, so patent, being deter-
mined, the framers of the state constitu-
tion instituted certain courts of justice,
each with well defined powers. Changes
have been made, from time to time, in
the jurisdiction of these courts, but the
rights of every citizen, of high or low
degree, have ever been maintained.

Among the men who took a part in
laying the foundation of this portion of
the state of Illinois, there is, perhaps,
no class that stands out more prominently
than the members of the bench and bar,
and McDonough county has had the
honor of having contributed some of
the ablest men to this portion of gov-
ernment. Of these, in their turn, it is
now the pleasure of the historian to pre-
sent a view. Many of the sketches of
the talented men who have occupied the
bench in some of these courts are meager,
but, they having passed from this arena
of active life, but little can be gathered
respecting them, although no pains have
been spared to make this chapter as full
and complete as possible.

CIKCUIT COURT.

McDonough county, when organized,
was a part of the fifth judicial circuit,
which included all of what was known
as the "Military tract," which covered
the whole northern part of the state of
Illinois, to the boundary line. At the
time of the organization, Richard M.
Young was upon the bench as judge of
the circuit court, and issued the order
authorizing the election of county offi-
cers and the organization of McDonough.

Before the newly organized county of
McDonough had reported to Judge
Young the result of the election of the
county officers, the following document
was sent,by him to John Baker, circuit
clerk pro tern. :

STATE OF ILLINOIS, "I ,
FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT/
To all whom it may concern, greeting:

Know ye that I, Richard M. Young, cir-
cuit judge of the fifth judicial district of the
state of Illinois, north of the Illinois river,
and presiding judge of the circuit court in
and for the county of McDonough and state
aforesaid, in pursuance of the power vested
in me by virtue of the tenth section of the
act entitled ''An act supplemental to ' an act
regulating the supreme and circuit courts,
approved January 19, 1829,' approved Janu-
ary 23, 1829," do hereby order and appoint
that circuit court be held in and for the said
county of McDonough, at such places as may
be selected aud provided by the county com-
missioners' court of said county, on the
Thursday after the third Monday in June,
and the Thursday after the first Monday in
October, until different days shall be ap-
pointed by the legislature, or until I shall
make another order to the contrary.

Given under my hand and seal, at Galena,
this 5th day of July, A. D. 1830, and of the
independence of the United States the fifty-
fifth . RICHARD M. YOUNG,
Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of
the State of Illinois.

330

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

On the opposite page of the sheet of
foolscap on which this is written, is the
following letter from Judge Young to
the circuit clerk of this county:

GALENA, ILL., July 5, 1830.
DEAR SIR: Supposing that the election of
county officers in your county took place oil
the 3d day of July, as directed by the order
issued for that purpose, I send you herewith,
on the first page, an order for the holding of
circuit court, for all legal and judicial pur-
poses, will be considered as organized on this
day (the 5th of July, 1830). As soon as you
receive this order, and the county commis-
sioners shall have provided a place for the
holding of the circuit court, you will please
set up public notices, in four of the most pub-
lic places in the county, of the times and
place of holding of the court, that all persons
interested may have timely notice thereof.
The order herewith transmitted, you will
please file among the records of the court.
All writs and processes will be made return-
able at the place selected by the county com-
missioners at the times mentioned in the
annexed order.

I am very respectfully, etc.,

RICHARD M. YOUNG.

P. S. Please inform me by letter at what
place the circuit court? will be held, stating
the quarter section, section, township and
range on which the house is located, in order
that I may have some knowledge of the rel-
ative situation of the different places of hold-
ing court in the new counties; also, who are
elected county officers, and oblige.

B. M. Y.

In accordance with this order of the
circuit judge as above, on the 17th of
October, 1830, the first term of the cir-
cuit court was -held in this county, at
the house of John Baker, in the town of
"Washington, (now the city of Macomb),
the temporary county seat of McDon-
ough county. There were present, in
attendance on the court, Hon. Richard

M. Young, circuit judge; John Baker,
clerk, pro tern.; William Southward,
sheriff. This term lasted but one day
and but little business was transacted,
The first grand jury in the county, se-
lected by the county commissioners at
their September session was present,
and was composed of the following gen-
tlemen: William Osborne, Joseph Os-
borne, William Garrett, Roland Lee,
George Grace, William Hendry, William
Stephens, Elias McFadden, John Bar-
ber, David Troxwell, Peter Hale, Nathan
A. McFadden, John Carmack, John
Wyatt, Sr., John Woodsides, William !
Deakins, Wright Riggins, Elijah Bris-
tow, Caswell Russell, Abraham Gassett
and John Vance. The petit jury in at-
tendance, also, was made up as follows:
Charles Shannon, William Shannon,
John Wilson, James Vance, Jr., John
Bridges, Thomas Bridges, Thomas Phil-
lips, Nimrod Smith, Eli Osborne, Nich-
olas Campbell, John Massingill, Eph-
raim Mitchell, Enoch Cyrus, Nathan
Bartlett, Russell Duncan, Reuben Har-
ris, Jr., Ephraim Perkins, George Shell,
William Job, Nathan Hume, Noble
Owsly, and Larkin Osborne. Neither of
these juries were called on to act, both
being dismissed, as there was no busi-
ness to be brought before them. The
order of Judge Young, calling an elec-
tion for the organization of the county,
was ordered spread upon the records of
the court, as well as an order in relation
to the time of holding court.

Richard M. Young was a native of
Kentucky, and was among the earliest
settlers of Northern Illinois. In 1828,
while a resident of Galena, Jo Daviess
county, he was appointed as judge of

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

331

the fifth judicial district, and commis-
sioned as such on the 29th day of Janu-
ary, 1829. He, in 1833, removed to
Quincy, where he lived for some years.
He remained upon the bench until 1837,
when he resigned, having been elected
to the United States senate for six years.
After filling that office for the requisite "
term, Mr. Young, upon the 4th of Feb-
ruary, 1843, received the appointment of
judge of the supreme court, and sat upon
the bench of this august tribunal until
January 25, 1847,- when he resigned,
having been appointed commissioner of
the general land office by President
James K. Polk. It is said of him, that
he ranked high in his profession, and
his counsels did much toward shaping
the policy of the state, in his day. He
was generous in his feelings and liberal
in his views, and hence stood high in the
estimation of all who knew him. He
possessed a liberal endowment of intel-
lectual ability and literary and legal ac-
quirements, and these and other qualifi-
cations admirably fitted him for the
posts he was called upon to fill. Upon
all with whom he came in contact he
produced a lasting and favorable im-
pression. His course while in the sen-
ate and at the head of the department
over which he presided was such as to
give him a national reputation, and his
history is a part of the annals of the re-
public.

James H. Ralston was a native of Ken-
tucky, and was elected by the legislature
to fill the vacancy in the judgeship of the
fifth circuit, caused by the resignation
of Judge Young. He was commissioned
February 4th, 1837, and remained upon
the bench until August 31st, 1839, when

he resigned on account of ill health, and
with the intention of emigrating to
Texas. After a short sojourn in that
state he returned to Illinois, and locating
at Quincy, resumed his law practice. In
1840, he was elected to the state senate,
and in 1846 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Polk, assistant quartermaster,
United States army, and ordered to re-
port to the commander of the Illinois
troops then en route for Mexico. Dis-
charging his duties faithfully while in
that "land of chapparel," he returned
home, and soon after moved to Califor-

nia.

Peter Lott was a native of New York,
and was appointed to succeed Judge
Ralston, the date of his commission
bearing date of September 9th, 1839. He
filled the position acceptably for the
time appointed, and was elected and re-
commissioned December 20, 1839, and
continued in office until 1841, when he
resigned. He subsequently acted in the
capacity of clerk of the circuit court in
Adams county, where he remained until
1852. He then emigrated to California,
and was appointed superintendent of the
United States mint, in San Francisco, by
Franklin Pierce, president at that time,
but was removed by James Buchanan, on
his accession to the presidency in 1856.
Mr. Lott then moved to Kansas, and died
there in obscurity, and in limited cir-
cumstances.

Stephen A. Douglas was elected judge
by the legislature in 1841, and continued
in office till August, 1843, when he re-
signed, having been elected to congress
from the fifth congressional district. He
was born in the town of Brandon, Ver-
mont, on the 23d of April, 1813. His

332

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

father was a physician, and died early in
life, leaving his widow and son in al-
most indigent circumstances. Stephen
had but few opportunities for schooling,
much of the living of his mother and
himself depending upon the labor of his
hands. He devoted this time of his life
to learning the cabinet maker's trade,
and spent some years at the business.
His mother, finally, married again, and
young Stephen, in 1831, accompanied
her and his step father, to Canandaigua,
New York. There he attended an acad-
emy and remained until the year 1833,
when he came to Illinois, and taught
school at Winchester, near the county
seat of Scott county. This was a sub-
scription school. Mr. Douglas employed
his time evenings and holidays, in the
study of law, and in 1834, he moved to
Jacksonville, where he was admitted to
the bar, and in 1834, he was elected at-
torney general of the state, though only
22 years of age.

He soon resigned that office to accept
a seat in the legislature. On the expira-
tion of his term in that body, he settled
down to the practice of law in Jackson-
ville, where he remained until 1837,
when he removed to Springfield, having
been appointed register of the land office
by President Van Buren. In 1839, he
resigned this office, and the year follow-
ing, was made secretary of state. In
1841, he was appointed, by the legisla-
ture, judge of this circuit. Mr. Clarke,
in his history of the county says: "The
circumstances under which he entered
upon the duties of the office were suffi-
cient to thoroughly try the force and
scope of his abilities. The circuit was
large the previous incumbent of the of-

fice had left the "docket" loaded with
unfinished "cases;" but he was more than
equal to the task. H cleaned out the
docket with that dispatch and ability
which distinguished his subsequent
course ; and so profound was the impres-
sion which he made upon the people,
that, in the first congressional election
which occurred after he was established
in his character as a judge, he received
the nomination for member of the lower
house of congress, and was elected there-
to. Through the distinguished abilities
which he displayed as a statesman, he
received the appellation of the 'Little
Giant,' and became the recognized leader
of a great political party. In 1860 he
received the nomination for the presi-
dency, but owing to a division in the
party, he was beaten by Abraham Lin-
coln, his competitor for the United
States senate two years. previous. On the
inauguration of President Lincoln, and
the subsequent withdrawal of the south-
ern states from the Union, and the war
following, Mr. Douglas took strong Un-
ion ground, and declared henceforth
there could be but two parties in the
county, patriots and traitors. In a few
days thereafter he was taken sick and
died on the 3rd of June, 1861, sincerely
mourned by the whole nation."

Judge Jesse B. Thomas, was appointed
to the vacant bench in August, 1843,
and served in that exalted position until
1845, when he resigned. Shortly after
this, in 1847, he was appointed to the
supreme court as one of the judges, for
the unexpired term of Judge Young.
He held this office until December 4,
1848. A short time after this he died.
He was a man of much culture and high

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

335

legal attainments, and discharged the
responsible functions that- devolved upon
him, with credit and honor to himself
and to the satisfaction of the people.

Norman H. Purple, was elected judge of
this judicial circuit, in 1845, and served
until May, 1849, when he resigned. He
was a gentleman distinguished for high
legal ability and executive talents, and it
was greatly against the wishes of the
people of the circuit that he quit the
bench, but his professional practice was
large and much more lucrative than the
salary of the position, and he stepped
down and out to the regret of nearly all
who knew and appreciated his worth.

William A. Minshall, was a native of
Tennessee, and was elected to the bench
in 1849, and occupied it until the day of
his death, which occurred in October,
1851. He was a man of sound attain-
ments, and had attained eminence in his
profession, 'and some notice, having
served the people both in the general
assembly and the constitutional conven-
tion of 1847. He was among the early
settlers of this state.

Onias C. Skinner, was a sound, able
lawyer, and upright jurist. He, on the
death of Judge Minshall, was appointed
his successor, and served until 1853, in
May of which year he resigned. June
4, 1855, he was commissioned judge of
the supreme court. While in this posi-
tion he obtained considerable eminence.
He resigned this office April 19, 1858.

Pinkney H. Walker was born in Adair
county, Kentucky, June 18, 1815. His
mother's maiden name was Martha
Scott. His youth was passed in that
portion of Kentucky, where labor is no
more discreditable than it is in Illinois,

and until his seventeenth year he was
employed upon his father's farm during
the summer and attended school during
the winter. In 1832 he became a clerk
in a store and so continued until he left
that state. In April, 1834, he came to
Illinois, and settled in Rushville where
he was engaged as clerk in a store. In
March, 1838, he removed to Macomb
and during the spring and summer gave
his time to study at an excellent acad-
emy at that place. In the fall of the
same year he commenced legal studies
in the office of his uncle, Cyrus Walker.
Under the careful training of such a
master mind he made rapid progress and
during the next year he was admitted to
the bar after an examination by Judges
Lockwood and Brown, of the Supreme
court. He at once opened an office at
Macomb with Thomas Morrison, and in
1840, formed a partnership with his un-
cle, his first partner having removed to
Carthage. This co-partnership ended
in 1842 by the retirement of his uncle
from practice in the state. He continu-
ed to practice by himself in 1848, when
he returned to Rushville, where he sub-
sequently, in 1851, formed a partner-
ship with Robert S. Blackwell. The
law firm of Blackwell & Walker was dis-
solved in 1853, when the former remov-
ed to Chicago, and the latter was elected
judge of the fifth judicial district, or
circuit, comprising the counties of
Schuyler, Pike, Brown, McDonough,
Cass and Mason. His first election was
to fill a vacancy, and he was elected over
his competitor against heavy odds. In
1855, he was re-elected without opposi-
tion. He continued in this position to
the great satisfaction of the bar and

336

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

people of circuit until April, 1858, when
Governor Bissell appointed him to the
supreme bench to fill the vacancy made
by the resignation of O. 0. Skinner. In
June, 1858, he was elected by the people
to fill the same position for the regular
term of nine years, and in 1867 was re-
elected. At both elections the political
party to which he belonged was in a very
decided minority, and the rival candi-
dates were able men, but the verdict of
the people was an attestation of his
tried faithfulness, and for mere political
consideration would not send an upright
judge from the bench. He was a third
time elected in 1876, retaining the confi-
dence of the bar and the people to such
an extent that he had no opposition.
He served as chief justice from Janu-
ary, 1864, to June, 1867, and again from
June, 1874, to June, 1875, and during
the present term from June, 1879, to
June, 1880.

Judge Walker died at his home in
Eushville, on Saturday, February 14th,
1885, mourned by all the many who
knew him. He was married June 2,
1840, to Susan, daughter of James Mc-
Croskey, Esq., a well-known and highly
respected merchant, who died in Bush-
ville in 1848. Of nine children born to
them, four having gone before.

John S. Bailey was commissioned cir-
cuit judge of this circuit, June 24, 1858,
to fill the vacancy occasioned by the res-
ignation of Judge Walker, and occupied
the position until July, 1861. A lengthy
sketch of this eminent gentleman is
given in the bar chapter of this county,
he being still in practice in the city of
Macomb.

Chauncey L. Higbee, was first elected

in 1861, and was thrice re-elected, and
sat upon the bench until his death.

Chauncey Lawson Higbee was born
in Clermont county, Ohio, September 7,
1821, and was the son of Elias and
Sarah ( Ward ) Higbee. He received an
academic education in the county of his
birth, and came to Illinois in an early
day and read law with Judge Sylvester
Emmens, of Beardstown. He was ad-
mitted to the bar, in 1843, and the fol-
lowing year moved to Pike county, where
he entered upon the practice of his pro-
fession, and was a citizen of that county
until the day of his death. He, like
others of the legal profession, became
interested in politics, and, in 1854, was
elected to the general assembly. Four
years later he was sent to the state sen-
ate, and while serving in that body, was
elected circuit judge. His first commis-
sion was dated July 1, 1861, and by suc-
cessive re-elections, he was kept in that
position until death removed him to
another sphere. He was also a member
of the appellate court. As a judge he
is said to have had few peers in the state.
His death occurred in December, 1884.

The present circuit judges are S. P.
Shope and J. H. Williams.

Simeon P. Shope was born in Missis-
sippi, but was taken by his parents to
Ohio while yet an infant. In the spring
of 1839 he removed to this state; after-
wards read law with Judge Purple and
Powell in Peoria, and on the llth of
June, 1856, was admitted to the bar.
He first opened an office in Metamora,
Illinois, remaining there but a short
time, when he removed to Lewiston, in
Fulton county, in which place he yet re-
sides. For many years he has had an

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

337

extensive practice, not only in the coun-
ties of his own judicial circuit, but
in Logan, Mason, and Cass counties he
has had a large amount of business be-
fore the courts. In August, 1877, he
was elected judge of this circuit without
opposition. A polished gentleman, of
affable manners, a thorough knowledge
of law, quick preception and well known
unpartiality, together with good busi-
ness tact and executive ability, he makes
a model judge, and has the entire confi-
dence and respect of the entire bar.

John H.Williams was born in Quincy,
Illinois, April 12, 1833, and is the son of
Archibald and Nancy ( Kemp ) Williams.
His father came to Illinois from Ken-
tucky in 1829, and settled in Quincy,
where he entered into the practice of
law, attaining much eminence. John
H. Williams was educated at the Mis-
souri State University, at Columbia,
Boone county, but leaving at the close
of his junior year. He read law with
his father and C. B. Lawrence, and was
admitted to the bar in February, 1855,
and practiced law in Quincy until the
fall of 1879, when he was elected judge
of this circuit. He is known as a sound
lawyer and able jurist and is concien-
tious, clear-headed and deliberate, and
numbers his friends by hundreds.

STATE'S ATTORNEYS.

The gentlemen who have filled the
office of state's or prosecuting attorney
for the district of whi^h McDonough
county forms a part, deserves more than
a passing notice. Like the judges they
form a galaxy in which the citizens of
the county may justly take pride.

The first incumbent of the office was

Thomas Ford, who served from the or-
ganization of the county until January,
1835. Possessed of high and noble
qualities of manhood, a thorough stud-
ent, a keen, energetic, untiring lawyer, of
strict integrity and high and laudable
aspirations, he was universally esteemed
and respected. Afterwards became judge
of the northern district, and when he be-
came known over the state, he was chosen
governor by a spontaneous movement of
the people. He held this latter office
during the Mormon war.

William A. Richardson, who served as
states' s attorney from January, 1835,
until 1837. Mr. Richardson's- personal
merits and characteristics are too well
known to the people to require any
delineation. His predominating traits
were courage, unyielding perseverance
and unvarying adherence to the course
to which he was committed. He had
command of a regiment of Illinois vol-
unteers, in the Mexican war, and in the
battle of Buena Vista, his cap was car-
ried from his head by a musket ball. At
the close of the war he returned home,
where his services were recognized and
rewarded by a generous people by an
election to congress. He was re-elected
five times. His last election was in 1860.
He was also appointed governor of Ne-
braska, by President Buchanan. This
post he resigned after a year's service.

Henry L. Bryant served the people of
this circuit as prosecuting attorney from
1837, to 1839, succeeding Mr. Richard-
son. He was a fine lawyer and a gentle-
man of many excellent qualities.

William Elliott, the state's attorney,
served from January, 1839, till January,
18-18. He was esteemed as a worthy

338

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

man, a warm friend and a good lawyer.
He served in the Black Hawk war, and
was wounded in a hand-to-hand conflict
with a single Indian, whom he killed.
He was quartermaster in the 4th regi-
ment of volunteers during the Mexican
war, and served through that campaign.
He returned to Lewistown after the war,
and soon died.

Robert S. Blackwell, the prosecuting
attorney, was the successor of Mr. Elliot,
and served from 1848 till 1852. Mr.
Blackwell was one of the most distin-
guished lawyers in the state, and is the
author of "Black well on tax titles."

Calvin ^.. Warren, was the next state's
attorney at this court. He followed Mr.
Blackwell in the office and served from
May, 1852, until August, 1853. He was
a fluent speaker, an able and successful
lawyer, and a popular man.

John S. Bailey the incumbent of the
office of public prosecutor,succeeded Mr.
Warren in 1853, and filled the same with
great credit until September, 1858, when
he was raised to the bench.

L. H. Waters was appointed prosecut-
ing attorney by the governor, to serve
out the un expired term of Mr. Bailey,
who had resigned. Mr. Waters served
until the fall of 1860, giving satisfaction
to the people. In the following year Mr.
Waters offered his services to the gen-
eral government, and served a few months
as lieutenant colonel of the 2.8th regiment
Illinois volunteers. Resigning, he was
commissioned to raise another regiment,
which he succeeded in doing, and re-
ceived the appointment of colonel. The
84th regiment Illinois volunteers, under
his command, did much excellent service.
Colonel Waters made a splendid officer,

and was highly respected by his officers
and men. At the close of the war he
returned to his home in Macomb, where
he practiced his profession for about
four years, when he removed to Missouri.
He now resides at Jefferson City, the
capital of tliat state.

Thomas E. Morgan, the incumbent of
the office of state's attorney above, was
elected in 1860. He was a lawyer of fine
abilities, and stood at the head of the
bar in this part of the state. He died
on the 22d day of July, 1867.

S. W. James, the state's attorney, was
a lawyer of more than ordinary abilities,
and was one of the best prosecutors in
the circuit. He enjoyed the respect and
good will of every member of the bar.
His term of office expired in 1872.

Crosby F. Wheat was first elected to
the office of states attorney in 1872, and
re-elected in 1876. He is at present one
of the prominent attorneys of Macomb,
and a sketch of him may be found in
the chapter of this work relating to the
history of the bar.

William Prentiss, the state's attorney
from 1881 to 1885, is noticed at length
in the chapter devoted to the bar of the
county, he being one of the bright lights
of that profession in Macomb.

H. C. Agnew, the present state's attor-
ney, is a member of the Macomb bar,
also, and a sketch of him is given in
that connection.

DAEK DEEDS.

Several heinous cririies have been per-
petrated within the limits of McDon-
ough county. Among the most famous
are the following:

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

339

MURDEK OF JOHN WILSON.

Some time in 1829 or 1830 Elias Mc-
Fadden, his son David, and son-in-law
Wylie McFadden, with their families
came to McDonough county and made a
settlement on the southeast quarter of
section 1, of what is now Chalmers
township. They are generally credited
with being of a quarrelsome, overbear-
ing nature, and nearly always in trouble
with their neighbors. About the same
time a man by the name of John Wilson
settled on the adjoining farm. Wilson
was a good-natured man, although gen-
erally credited with being bold and fear-
less, even to foolhardiness. These men
were not long neighbors before the
trouble began between them over some
timber land lying near both of them.
Threats passed between them, and
finally, the necessity of killing Wilson
having been seemingly settled on, all
that was waited for was the opportunity.
That this was a deliberate conclusion
reached by these parties it is only neces-
sary to point to the evidence, where it
was shown that at the time of the mur-
der, Wylie McFadden was in Bushville
making inquiries of counsel there as to
their liability should they kill Wilson if
he trespassed on their land. Early in
the month of November, 1834, there was
placed in the hands of Wilson Mont-
gomery, at that time deputy sheriff of
the county, a writ of execution directing
him to levy upon the property of Wylie
McFadden to satisfy a judgment against
against him, in favor of Henton and
Robinson, merchants then doing busi-
ness in Macomb. Montgomery, in the
execution of his duty, called upon John
Wilson to accompany him with his team,

that he might haul away some corn that
it was his intention to seize under the
writ. Apprehending no danger, Wilson
agreed to go. On their arrival at the
place they were met by Elias McFadden,
the father, who engaged them in conver-
sation. After a short talk he walked
with them to the north side of the house,
and when he had got them in proper
range, David McFadden, who was inside
of the house, shot down Wilson without
a word of warning. Mr. Montgomery
hurried off to town and gave the alarm,
when a crowd of excited people at once
proceeded to the scene of the murder,
and found Elias McFadden coolly re-
pairing a fence. A short search for
Wilson now ensued and he was found
not very far away from the spot by
Joseph P. Updegraff and others in a
dying condition. McFadden was at once
arrested, and search was made for the
then unknown murderer. Searching the
house, a rifle was found in the corner
near the north window unloaded; a pane
of glass was found broken out of the
window; a book lying upon the sill, and
the sash and book both powder-marked.
The question now arose who committed
the deed. Wylie McFadden was sup-
posed to be away, and David was not
known to be near. Searching, footsteps
were found leading from the house in
the direction of the residence of David
McFadden, who lived just across the
hollow on the west side. Following the
tracks they were led to the door of David
McFadden' s house; and going in they
found him at work on a shoemaker's
bench, as entirely unconcerned as his
father, and acting as innocently as
though no cold-blooded murder had

340

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

taken place. He was at once arrested,
and, in company with his father, brought
to town and placed under guard, to await
the result of the wound inflicted upon
Mr. Wilson. Wylie McFadden, coming
home the same evening, was likewise ar-
rested.

Mr. Wilson lingered some days before
death ensued, but the wound was mortal,
and there was no help for him. On his
death a preliminary examination of the
prisoners was held before James Clarke,
a justice of the peace, and the evidence
above being elicited, Elias, David and
Wylie McFadden were committed to the
county jail to await the meeting of the
circuit court. On account of the enor-
mity of the offense the- prisoners could
not be allowed bail.

On the 15th day of November, 1834,
the grand jury found a true bill of in-
dictment against the three, and a few
days afterward they were brought before
the court; a change of venue was asked
and granted, and two of the party, Elias
and David, were taken the following
spring (1835) to Eushville, Schuyler
county, for trial. Wylie McFadden was
discharged by the judge, there being no
evidence against him.

George Wilson, Alfred Evans, Nelson
Montgomery, Joseph Updegraff, J. W.
Brattle, Moses Henton, William J. Fra-
zier, William Bowen, Daniel Bowen,
Perry Keys and James Anderson were
each placed under bonds of $300 to ap-
pear as witnesses in the case.

In May, 1835, the case was called in
the circuit court at Eushville, and Elias
and David McFadden, father and son,
were placed upon trial for their lives.
Eichard M. Young presided as judge.

Cyrus Walker, one of the ablest lawyers
of this state, was the prosecuting attor-
ney. Upon Judge Minshall, of Eush-
ville, who was the counsel for the defense,
depended the task of trying to acquit his
clients, and, failing that, to mitigate the
sentence as much as possible.

The trial lasted for several days ; Mr.
Walker exerted all his powers to weave
around the murderers a chain of unim-
peachable testimony. Judge Minshall
defended in a most admirable manner,
doing all for his clients, that it was pos-
sible for man to do, but without avail.
The latter in his speech charged the
judge, the attorney for the people, and
the jury, also, of not prosecuting, but
persecuting his clients.

As was expected, the jury brought in
a verdict of murder in the first degree,
and upon Judge Young devolved the
duty of pronouncing the sentence of
death. This was done, and in due time,
upon a scaffold, erected in a hollow near
the city of Eushville, Elias and David
McFadden paid the penalty for the crime
committed.

The following verbatim copy of the
death warrant of the McFaddens is in-
serted in this place as a criminal curios-
ity. It and the bill of costs and expenses
are now on file in the court house in
Macomb :

STATE OF ILLINOIS, 1
SCHUYLER COUNTY/

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS :

To the Sheriff of said county, Greeting.
Whereas, Elias McFaden hath lately
been indicted of the crime of murder by him
done and committed in the circuit court of
McDonough county and hath been arraigned
tried and convicted in the circuit court of the
said county of Schuyler, of the said crime in

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

341

due form of law; ami whereas judgment hath
been given in our said court tluvt the said
Elias McFadden shall be hanged by the neck
until he is dead, aud that execution of the
said judgment be made and done upon the
said Elias McFaden on Monday, the sixth
day of July, A. D. 1835, between the hours
of ten o'clock in the morning and four
o'clock in the evening of said day, at some
convenient place in the vicinity of Rush-
ville, in said county, in the usual manner of
inflicting punishment in such cases; and
whereas execution of said sentence remain
eth yet to be done: We therefore com-
mand you that you take and convey the
body of the said Elias McFaden in safe cus-
tody to the place of execution on the said
day between the hours aforesaid, and that
you then and there cause execution to be
done upon the said Elias McFadden in your
custody, so being in all things according to
the said judgment, and this you shall in no-
wise omit at your peril aud return of this
writ as to the manner you execute the same.
Witness, the Hon. Richard M. Young,

Judge of our 'Circuit Court, at
[SEAL] Rushville, this third day of July,

A. D. 1835.

HART FELLOWS, Clerk.

On the back of the paper, Sheriff
Haydon made the following endorse-
ment:

Executed the within as command-
ed at 2 o'clock P. M. July 6th, 1835.

THOS. HAYDON,
Sheriff of Schuyler County, 111.

For serving,
Returning,

$5 00

Accompanying this is the following
bill of costs, each item marked with an
"x," probably indicating payment:

BILL OP COSTS.

* List of persons acting as guard to the jail
in Schuyler county during the confinement

of Elias McFadin, David McFadin aud Wily
McFadin:

From 31st May to 6th July in evening
x Perry Keyes, two days aud nights,

No. 1 $ 2 00

x Elijah Hayden, 15 days and nights,

No. 2 15 00

x Hamilton, three days and

nights, No. 3 300

x Sam'l Green. 4 nights, No. 4 ... 2 00

1 50

4 00
3 00

12 00
1 00

3 00

1 50

2 00
200
1 00

6 00
1 00

7 00

4 00

x C. Smith, 8 nights, No. 6

x Robert Points, 6 nights, No. 7 ...
x Wm. N. Traner, 12 days and nights,

No. 8 , ....

x Davis, 1 day and night, No. 9 .

x Wm. Boyd, 6 nights, No. 10 ....
,x John G. Taylor, 3 nights, No. 11 .
x James Means, 4 nights, No. 12 ...
x Thomas Tyra, 4 nights, No. 13 . .
x John Green, 2 nights, No. 14 ...
x Silas N. Jones, 6 days and nights,

No. 15

x Andrew Shiva, 1 day and night,

No. 16

x L, W. T. Owenby,7daysand nights

No. 17 . . .

x Benjamin Gray, 4 days and nights,

No. 18

x Janus Taylor, 1 day and night,

No. 19

x Bowen, one day, No. 20 ....

x Mex Mellrose, 2 nights, No. 21 . .
x Wm. Clemens, 2 nights, No. 22 ...
x Henry Mear, 2 nights, No. 23 ...
x Rufus Elsey, 4 nights, No. 24 ...
x Furgason Graham, 4 nights, No. 25
x Wampler, 1 day and night, No.

x William Munsou, 4 days and nights,

No. 27

x John Norvel, 1 night, No. 28 .. .
x Christ. Johnson, 1 night, No. 29 .
x Joseph Haskell, 1 night, No. 30 . .
x George W. Penney, 1 day and

night, No. 31

x John Dougherty, 2 nights, No. 32 .
x Theodore Laughlin, J day and

night, No. 33

00
00
00
00
00
00
00

1 00

2 00
50
50
50

00
00

1 00

342

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

x Edwin Lougley, 2 nights, No. 34 . 1 00
x Robert A. Brastleton, 1 night, No.

35 50

x Seeley Owen, 6 nights, No. 36 ... 2 00
x Luke Owen, 7 days and nights, No.

37 7 00

x Wm. Hay den, 11 days and nights

and one day, No. 38 11 50

Total .... $102 10

I hereby certify that the above is a correct
list of the names of the Persons standing
Guard, and of the time of serving.

July 6. McDonough county Dr. to
Thos. Hayden, 8. 8. C. 111.
for the higher of waggon to
hawlling prisoner to Gal-
lows to be executed .... $2 00
To hawllng planck & timber

for gallows ...... 1 50
To making two shrouds ... 1 50
To cords for hanging .... 1 00
To bawling corps 4 Miles in

the country 2 00

Gallows 12 00

Executing and returning . . 10 25

MURDER OF JAMES DYE.

. On the evening of the 27th of May,
1854, it wa8 reported that James Dye, a
wealthy farmer living in the western
part of the county, had been murdered.
The neighbors of the deceased, assem-
bled and on investigation it was found
that the report was true. He had been
killed while lying in bed. An inquest
held upon the body by S. H. McCand-
less, county coroner, resulted in a verdict
rendered by the jury, that the deceased
came to his death by violent and unlawful
means, and that by the hands of his
wife, Rebecca Dye, assisted by two ac-
cessories, David B. Burress and S. P.
Bay. All three of these were arrested
and thrown into the. county jail to await
a proper hearing before the circuit court.

. On the 10th of October, following, the
case was laid before the grand jury, who
found a true bill of indictment against
all three of the parties, but when the
case was called in the circuit court, then
in session, a continuence was asked, and
granted until the next term of the court.
At this term a change of venue was
asked that the case of Daniel P. Burress
to the court in Warren county, and that
of Mrs. Dye to Fulton county, both of
which were granted. -There not being
sufficient evidence against S. P. Bay, a
nolle prosequi was entered, in his case,
and he was discharged from custody.

At the April term of the circuit court
in Fulton county, Mrs. Dye was placed
at the bar and plead "not guilty." The
trial lasted nine days, and was probably
the most exciting one that ever took
place in that county. The court room
was crowded at every session. The
counsel for the prosecution, or the "peo-
ple" as the court terms it, were among
the ablest of this section of country,
consisting of Messrs Goudy, of Fulton
county; Wheat, of Adams; and Schofield
and Macli of Hancock. No less able were
those of the defense, Messrs. Manning,
of Peoria; Kellogg and Boss, of Fulton;
and Cyrus Walker, of McDonough.

William C. Goudy opened the case,
in an able manner, for the people. A
full account of this speech would be
interesting, but space forbids its inser-
tion here. He said to the jury: "You
are called upon to discharge the most
solemn duty that ever devolved upon
man, in the discharge of which involved
the life or death of a human being. The
evidence they had to offer was purely
circumstantial. No living being was

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

343

known who saw the inhuman crime com-
mitted. But circumstantial evidence, in
many cases, was better than positive
testimony the guilty mind always acts
inconsistent with its innocence, and this
marks out its own accusation. This is
one of God's marks upon crime. To
hunt out, follow up, and arrest a crim-
inal are its daily uses. By its aid the
police of our cities are constantly bring-
ing to light and arresting the perpetrat-
ors of evil deeds, who would otherwise
continue their crimes unmolested. The
prisoner before you is indicted for the
murder of her own husband. The de-
ceased came to his death by a blow upon
the head from an ax or hammer, or from
a slung-shot in the breast, or from both.
Three persons are named in the bill of
indictment, but you have only to inquire
as to the guilt of the prisoner before
you. We expect to show acts and words
between Burress and the prisoner that
will show their connection with the mur-
der, and bring to your mind uncontro-
vertable evidence of the prisoners guilt.
Should we do so, you have but one
duty to yerform, and that we shall ex-
pect at your hands."

The opening for the defense was made
*by Cyrus Walker, of Macomb, one of the
most brilliant lights that illumed the bar
of this county. His remarks were sub-
stantially as follows, which will show the
gist of the whole case :

"The arrangement has been made by
the counsel for the defense that I should
make the opening statement. I agree
with the gentlemen that this is an im-
portant case. You, gentlemen, are to de-
cide a momentous question. The Em-
peror of the Eussias possesses no more

power over the life of his subjects than
you have over the life of that lady. Her
life is in your hands. You can hang her
up between the heavens and the earth,
or you can send her home to her chil-
dren, from whom she has been torn by
the iron rule of the law. You must ex-
pect the case will be somewhat tedious;
the issues involved are such it cannot be
otherwise. " That woman before you,
whose life you hold in your hands, is ac-
cused of an unnatural crime. The dif-
ference between murder and manslaugh-
ter has been fully and accurately stated
to you by my friend, and it is in your
province to find her guilty of either, if
the evidence should thus convince you.
Certainty, beyond a reasonable doubt, is
required in all criminal cases the law
rejects preponderance. James Dye, the
deceased, was a man between 70 and 80
years of age, He was married twice.
By his first wife he had twelve children.
Six years ago -he was married to the ac-
cused, by whom he had three children,
one at the breast at the time of his mur-
der. On Saturday, the 27th of May last,
he was found dead in his bed, shot
through the breast, and his skull frac-
tured just above the left eye. As is very
natural in such a case, there was much
anxiety to find out the perpetrators of tHe
deed. Suspicion took the smallest cir-
cumstance and magnified it; and the nat-
ural disposition in every community to
find out the cause that restless, eager
energy that seizes every point directed
attention toward the accused. I warn
you, gentlemen, against such restless
eagerness, against that suspicion that
blights without investigation, and con-
demns without proof. There is no con-

344

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

test here, but as to who murdered Dye.
James Dye was a large farmer, a hard
working man. I am bound to do justice
to the living. I must speak of the faults
of the dead. The deceased was an hon-
est, industrious man, but he sadly neg-
lected the education of his children
their moral and intellectual training was
unprovided for; while his great aim was
to accumulate property. He had fre-
quent quarrels with his sons, fights and
law suits. These engendered a bitter
feeling between them, which often led to
violence. After the old man's death, the
boys were active to show the prisoner's
guilt they charged her with the mur-
der and hinted of circumstances to cast
suspicion upon her. The old man died
intestate. There was a large dower com-
ing to the prisoner. They had various
motives to induce them to be forward in
settling opinions against the accused.
Knowing their previous quarrels, they
sought to divert suspicion from them-
selves, and have sought every means to
throw the guilt upon the prisoner. The
prosecution has stated the rules of evi-
dence. I wish only to add, as the enor-
mity of the crime increases, so the char-
acter of the proof should be more cer-
tain. There never was a greater error
committed than that from the pen of Dr.
Paley, when he said that circumstantial
-evidence could not lie. It was a fine
theory, and having received the sanction
of so great a mind, has been handed
down as incontrovertible. One ounce of
sober sense upon such a point is better
than the speculative wisdom of the
world. Remember, you are not to en-
quire who murdered James Dye, nor, if
she didn't, who did ? You are only to

decide as to the prisoner's guilt." This
speech was considered one of his best
efforts.

Some 80 or 90 witnesses who had been
summoned were examined and cross-ex-
amined. As outlined by the above re-
marks of the attorney for the prosecution,
it was endeavored to prove criminal in-
tentions between Mrs. Dye and Burress,
and that they, to carry out their designs,
or to shield themselves, made way with
the old man. They succeeded in making
out a very strong case against the ac-
cused. The defense, on the other hand,
brought forward witnesses to prove the
good character of their client, showing
how she many times acted as peace-ma-
ker between the old man and his sons;
how the old man regarded her as worthy
of all confidence, giving her all the
money she wished for, and making her
his "banker," as he said; how that, in
nature, he could live but a little while,
and that his intention was to leave all his
property to the accused and her chil-
dren; that the supposed facts, as set
forth by the prosecution, was entirely in-
consistent with the state of affairs as
they existed. The witnesses having been
all examined and all the evidence laid
before the court, the case was ably ar-*
gued by the opposing counsel with all
the forensic eloquence that was at their
command, and the case given to the jury,
who, after being out some fifteen hours,
brought in a verdict of guilty, but as at
first they had stood four for acquittal,
and eight for conviction, they compro-
mised by sentencing the prisoner to five
years in the penitentiary.

Mrs. Rebecca Dye was removed to the
state penitentiary, but was pardoned out

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

345

by the governor of the state before the
larger half of her sentence had been
served, on account of uniform good con-
duct; and on the recommendation of the
warden of the prison. She returned to
this county, and taking up her residence
in Macomb, lived there until her death,
which occurred in 1874.

KILLING OF WILLIAM H. RANDOLPH.

On the 1st day of November, 1864, oc-
curred one of the most terrible tragedies
recorded in the annals of McDonough
county. In July of that year the presi-
dent of the United States issued his
proclamation for an additional number
of men for the United States service;
and further ordered that if the call was
not complied with by volunteers within
50 days from date of said call, drafting
should be resorted to. Each state in the
Union was divided into districts and
sub-districts, and to each was assigned
their just quota. A record of all enlist-
ments heretofore made had been kept
and each district properly credited with
all volunteers reporting therefrom. Mc-
Donough county was in the ninth dis-
trict, and Captain B. F. Westlake, of
Mount Sterling, Brown county, was made
provost marshal. On the 15th day of
June, 1863, William H. Randolph, of
the city of Macomb, received the ap-
pointment of deputy provost marshal,
and was re-appointed September 28,
1864, commission to date from Septem-
ber 15, 1864. About this time notice
was given to the various sub-districts in
the county that upon the 6th day of
October, the draft for the townships of
Eldorado, Emmet, Hire, Sciota, Indus-
try, Bethel, Lamoine, Chalmers, Scot-

land, Mound, Walnut Grove and New
Salem, would take place at Mount Ster-
ling, and requested that committees
should be appointed from each township
to attend the drawing to see that it was
fairly conducted. According to notice,
the draft took place and a list of drafted
men immediately forwarded to Captain
Randolph. Upon that list appeared the
name of John Bond, of Hire township.
Mr. Bond was duly notified, and failing
to report according to the statute made
and provided, was considered a deserter,
and it became the duty of Captain Ran-
dolph to arrest him as such. Accord-
ingly on the morning of the 1st day of
November, 1864, he proceeded to Blan-
dinsville for that purpose, arriving there
a little before daylight. About sunrise,
he met Bond in the saloon of Chris.
Sappington, and to him he had come for
him, and asked him to go peaceably with
him to Mount Sterling. This Bond re-
fused to do, saying that he would not go
and fight for the niggers, and that the
quota of his township was full, and it
was unnecessary. Mr. Randolph told
him he must go. Bond went out of the
saloon, followed by Randolph, going
over to the hotel of his brother James.
Here they were met by Miles, another
brother of John, who said to him,
"Your horse is ready; it is time to take
a ride." Mr. Randolph then placed his
hand upon John's shoulder and told him
he was his prisoner. Upon this, Bond
drew his pistol, fired at Randolph, and
then ran. The latter returned the fire,
and followed him out the door, where
they were again' met by Miles, who also
fired at him. Randolph then turned,
and the Bond brothers jumped on their

346

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

horses and fled the country. Randolph
was shot in four places, two mortal
wounds being inflicted. He was taken
to the house of a Mr. Hudson, where he
died in about eighteen hours after being
shot. Drs. Emery and Durant, of BJan-
dinsville, and Jordan, of Macomb, were
called in, and all that could be done for
his relief was attended to, but all in vain.
Coroner Sullivan held an inquest on the
remains on the 3d of November, the jury
returning a verdict that he came to his
death at the hands of John Bond and
Miles Bond, aided by James Bond and
Tyler Ray, and that the act was without
sufficient justification. The next day,
the 4th, the remains were taken to
Macomb, and interred in Oakwood cem-
etery, being followed to the grave by a
large procession of sincerely mourning
relatives and friends.

On the death of Mr. Randolph the
citizens of the county offered a re-
ward of $5,200 for the arrest of the
four accomplices in the murder, viz :
John Bond, Miles W. Bond, James
Bond, and Attilla Ray. Of this amount
Mrs. Randolph was to give the sum of
$2,000. At the March term (1865) fol-
lowing of the circuit court the grand
jury found a bill of indictment against
the four above named persons implicated
by the coroner's jury. The indictment
against Ray, we believe, was afterwards
quashed.

As remarked, after having shot Captain
Randolph, the Bonds fled the country,
and the attempt made to capture them
at the time was unsuccessful. Nothing
reliable as to their whereabouts was
learned by the public for several years.
Frank E. Fowler, of Macomb, afterwards

of Galesburg, Illinois, then in the em-
ploy of the government as United States
detective, determined, if possible, to ef-
fect their capture. The following is the
account of the capture of Miles Bond,
given by a letter from him:

"On Saturday, June 13, 1868, I ar-
rested Miles W. Bond, near the town of
Sonora, Hardin county, Kentucky, for
the murder of deputy provost marshal
William H. Randolph, on the first day
of November, 1864. I had been on the
track of Bond about three years, but
when about ready to capture him 'he
wasn't there.'

" Some three weeks before the arrest
I located Bond at the above mentioned
place, and proceeded to arrange for mak-
ing his arrest, which had to be done very
cautiously, as he had many relatives and
friends watching my every movement.
So I gave out that I was going to Massa-
chusetts to visit relatives. The next you
heard was a telegraphic dispatch from
Louisville, Kentucky, that the arrest had
been made.

" On arriving at Louisville, Bond being
a desperate man, I secured the co-opera-
tion of an officer, and together we pro-
ceeded to the place of capture. Bond
had just left his house and was crossing
the road, at about 5 o'clock in the morn-
ing, when we came upon and immedi-
ately seized him and clasped the irons
upon him, without giving him any time
to make the least resistance. He was
immediately hurried off, and arrived in
Macomb, Tuesday morning, June 16,
1868, just three years four months and
fourteen days from the day of the mur-
der.

"Since the murder, Bond has been

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

347

wandering all over the country, his occu-
pation being that of farmer, barber, mil-
ler, carpenter, etc. He took his arrest
as coolly as could be expected. At first
he had not much to say, but before ar-
riving at Macomb he became quite talk-
ative, giving all the information in regard
to his life since he left the county. He
had been living under the name of Sam-
uel S. Walker. Shortly after arresting
him I called him by the name of Miles,
his given name, and he remarked to me :
'That is the first time in over three years
that anybody has called me by that
name.' "

At the October term, 1868, the case of
Miles W. Bond was called, and, on mo-
tion of his attorneys, a change of venue
was taken to Schuyler county, and his
trial had at the May term of the circuit
court of that county. L. W. James, pros-
ecuting attorney, assisted by D. G. Tun-
nicliff, C. F. Wheat, L. H. Waters and
J. C. Bagby conducted the prosecution,
while S. C. Judd, S. P. Shope, W. H.
Neece, Robert Walker and Henry Metz
appeared for the defense. A number of
witnesses were examined on both sides,
and the case ably argued by the attor-
neys. The fact of the killing of Ran-
dolph by the Bonds was clearly proven,
and not denied by the defense; in fact,
the defendant himself did not deny the
charge against him, and in the trial of
his brothers, John and James, some two
years afterwards, at Macomb, swore to
the fact. The attorneys for the defense
made the following points: First, There
is no record of a draft having been made.
Second,- At the time of the arrest of John
Bond the draft was filled. The object
of the conscript law was to raise soldiers,

and consequently the force and object of
the law was attained when the quota was
full; after that the provost marshal had
no right to arrest alternates who would
have been dismissed if they had reported.
Third, In attempting to arrest John
Bond, he transcended his duties, and
Bond was justified in resisting arrest.
Fourth, Miles Bond, seeing the life of
his brother in danger, by the law was
justified in shooting his antagonist.

The case was ably managed upon both
sides, and after a patient hearing, it was
submitted to the jury, who brought in a
verdict of "not guilty."

About -the beginning of the year 1870,
two men came to Macomb, having in
charge John and James Bond, claiming
to have captured them in Missouri, and
claiming the reward offered for their
apprehension. Doubt was entertained
as to their story, it being generally be-
lieved it was a "put up job," the Bonds
desiring to surrender, and had arranged
with these men to come and deliver
them up and divide with them the
amount of the reward offered. It was
therefore refused, and they only received
about $50 to pay their expenses.

At the March term, 1871, the case of
John and James Bond was called, but
on account of the absence of two im-
portant witnesses, the state's attorney,
L. W. James, obtained a continuance till
the next term. At the special term, held
in July following, the case was again
called, but in consequence of the sudden
and violent illness of Captain B. F. West-
lake, a material witness, a continuance
was again granted to the people. At
the September term all were found
ready, and on Tuesday, the 26th day of

348

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

the month, the trial began, Judge Sib-
ley, of the Adams* district, presiding.
Only two jurors were accepted out of
the regular panel. Ninety-two others
were summoned and examined before
the twelve could be obtained. On the
completion of the regular number, the
trial proceded. For the people appeared
L. W. James, prosecuting attorney, as-
sisted by C. F. Wheat and D. G. Tunni-
cliff. The defense was represented by
Messrs. Judd & Neece. The trial lasted
for three days. Twelve witnesses were
examined for the people, and five
for the defense. Upon the points
where both were examined there was
no apparent difference in their testi-
mony. The attorneys for the defense
did not deny the fact of the killing, but
based their whole argument upon the
question of the illegality of the action
of Mr. Kandolph in the attempted ar-
rest. They claimed that no such an
officer as deputy provost marshal was
recognized, by the United States govern-

ment; that Mr. Randolph was acting
without due authority, consequently he
was a trespasser, and in laying his hand
upon John Bond he committed an
assault, and therefore the killing was
justifiable in law. Mr. James, the prose-
cuting attorney, showed from the evi-
dence that Randolph was recognized by
the government, that he received pay in
the discharge of his duties; that Bond
thought him an officer; that the com-
munity all acknowledged his authority;
and, even if authority was denied, the
murder was not justifiable and could not
be. The judge read quite a lengthy
charge to the jury, and they retired
about four or five o'clock in the after-
noon. About four o'clock in the morn-
ing word was sent to the judge that a
verdict was agreed upon, when he imme-
diately called the court to order. The
prisoners were sent for, and at this un-
reasonable hour a verdict of "not guilty"
was rendered, and John and James Bond
were allowed their liberty.

CHAPTER XV.

RAILROADS.

No factor in all the world's machinery
has contributed more to the onward
stride of civilization than the building
of railroads; before the rush of the iron
horse on his road of iron and and steel,
that which was desert wilderness and

arid plain becomes, as if by magic, fertile
garden and blooming orchard, the camp
of the aborigine gives way to the city of
his more progressive brother; the smoke
curling from his wigwam door is re-
placed by that rising from the tall chim-

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

349

ney of the white man's factory; and
human toil and drudgery becomes less
and less necessary to maintain a bare
existence, as the railroad, with its long
trains winding o'er the prairies, brings
to the pioneer who has preceded it, the
welcome machinery which shall there-
after assist in the toil his poor hands
have been forced to do unaided.

And though more than a score of
years had passed over the heads of Mc-
Donough county's first settlers ere the
first railroad pierced through her woods
and prairies, yet her real prosperity and
rapid advancement dates from that event.

Previously the settlers, or those who
sold to them, were compelled to haul
their goods from points so remote that
it seems incredible at the present day,
when goods are ordered and delivered at
our doors from wholesale points within
a few short days. And to market the
stock and products of the soil required
such lengthy drives and long hauling, as
often render the small remuneration then
received scarcely worth the trouble.

But McDonough county of to-day,
like many other Illinois counties, does
not want for railroad facilities. Thir-
teen out of the 18 townships of the
county are penetrated by this greatest
of all enterprises, and the balance have
an easily accessible market for the pro-
ductions of the soil at but a few miles
distant. Three lines of railroads cross
the county the Wabash, St. Louis &
Pacific, and the Rock Island & St. Louis
and Galesburg and Quincy branches of
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail-
road. ,

This latter road, then known as the
Northern Cross railroad, was completed

from Quincy to Galesburg in the fore
part of the year 1856, and was the first
line of road to be constructed in Mc-
Donough county. As early as 1851, the
subject of its construction occupied the
minds of those who were favorable to
the project, as a charter had been granted
by the state for the erection of the
same. It was proposed, under the pro-
visions of the charter, to build a branch
of the road through McDonough county,
having its terminus at Clayton, in Adams
county. However, the terminus was af-
terwards changed to Quincy. During
the days of railroad excitement, the fol-
lowing extract is taken from a paper
called the Independent, published at
Macomb, by George W. Smith, as a cri-
terion of the earnest work put forth by
the friends of the project: " What is to
be done in regard to the proposed road
from Quincy to Macomb, and from here
to Galesburg? The time for stopping
to consider the policy of such an enter-
prise has passed away; and the benefits
to be derived from such means of com-
munication are held to be too self-evi-
dent to need any additional argument
advanced in their favor, for who, say we,
cannot see in the advanced price of land,
in the advantage of a ready market, in
the increased facilities of communica-
tion, in the spread of general intelli-
gence, in the cheapened and quickened
mode of transportation, a sufficient in-
ducement to wish such an undertaking
success, and say that its benefits are be-
yond dispute? Perhaps, the facts of
these truths being so plain and undenia-
ble, has led to the lethargy and inaction
of our people. But we must awake from
our stupor; measures must be taken for

350

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

the securing of stock, of having the
county become a stockholder to a liberal
amount; of getting individuals, who
need only the solicitation of some active
friend of the road, to become deeply in-
terested in its completion. Then, Mends
of the road, be up and doing; farmers
of McDonough, your interests are at
stake, see that you neglect them not;
merchant and mechanic, your welfare,
too, is bound up in this scheme with it
will come your prosperity, without it
you must lose immensely! Then, again
say we, let us all at work! Let our un-
tiring zeal and determined efforts show
that we desire what we need, and must
have a RAILROAD."

Mr. Clarke, in his history of McDon-
ough county, has the following in regard
to the construction of the first railroad
through this county:

Meetings were held for the purpose of
creating an interest in the proposed rail-
road. On Wednesday evening, Novem-
ber 5th, 1851, Hon. Calvin A. Warren,
of Quincy, and General Darnell, of
Hancock county, addressed the citizens
of Macomb npou this important sub-
ject. A committee was appointed to
confer with the directors of the road,
and at an adjourned meeting the next
evening it was resolved to ask the county
court to appoint an election at some
siiitable time, at which the people could
vote on the question of taking stock in
the road to the amount of $50,000, At
another meeting held December 1, sub-
stantially the same proposition was
adopted, and on the second day of De-
cember, Hon. B. K. Hampton appeared
before the county court and presented
the following resolution*

Resolved, That we respectfully request the
honorable county court in and for the county
of McDonough and state of Illinois, to submit to
the people of said county a proposition to vote
for or against the county of McDonough taking
stock to the amount of $50,000 in the proposed
railroad from Clayton to Galesburg, and that they
be solicited to fix upon the third Monday in the
month of March, A. D., 1852, for the purpose
of taking said vote.

The court thereupon made the follow-
ing order:

Therefore it is ordered by the court that the
said proposition be submitted to the citizens of
McDonough as requested in said resolution,
and that the clerk of this court order an election
to be held at the several election precincts in
said county, on the third Monday in the month
of March next, to take the vote of the county for
and against the county taking stock in said
railroad to the amount of $50,000 ; and that the
clerk issue the notices of said election in the
time and manner required by law ; and that said
election be held and conducted in all respects as
other general and special elections required by
the statutes are held and conducted. It is
further ordered that the resolutions and pro-
ceedings of said meetings be filed by the clerk.

The work now began in earnest. Hon.
James M. Campbell, Dr. J. B. Kyle, B.
R. Hampton, J. P. Updegraff, L. H.
Waters, and others favorable to the road
at once began the canvass. Mr. Camp-
bell and Dr. Kyle traveled together,
making speeches in nearly every school
house in the county. Being in the dead
of winter, travel was almost impossible,
and had to be done on horseback. Still
they were undaunted, and bound to se-
cure the road, if possible. The oppo-
nents of the road were not idle in the
meantime, but used every means in their
power to influence the people against it.

At a meeting held in "Industry, ad-
dressed by Dr. Kyle and Mr. Camp-

LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY PF

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

353

bell, an opportunity was given in which
to hear objections, when the Hon. Cyrus
Walker boldly took a stand against the
road, and, not content with that followed
the gentleman to Pennington's Point,
and in a speech of an hour's length, en-
deavored to show the fallacies of the ar-
guments advanced in favor, and made
many objections against the proposed im-
provement. The recollection of the gigan-
tic failures of the state in its system of
public improvement had not been for-
gotten, and Mr. Walker endeavored to
show what might be the consequence
should our county be so unwise as to
vote the proposed aid. In answer to this
plea, Dr. Kyle reminded him of the
story of the woman who sent her little
girl out to attend the fire in the oldf ash-
ioned brick oven, while she prepared the
dough for. baking. Not returning, the
mother became alarmed and went out to
look for her. The fire was burning
brightly in the oven, but no child was to
be seen. Hearing a cry of distress
around the other side of the house, the
alarmed mother hastened to the place,
supposing her child to be in great dan-
ger. She found her weeping bitterly,
and hastily inquired: "My daughter,
what is the matter?" "O, mother," said
she, "I was just thinking if I was a
great big woman, just like you, and was
married, and had a little girl, just like
me, and while I was in the house mak-
ing bread, I should send her out to
fix the fire, and she should come out,
with a smile upon her face, and crawl
right into the fire, and get all burned
up, what a terrible thing it would be!"
At another meeting held in Industry,
as an illustration showing the flimsiness

of the opposition against railroads and
other improvements, the doctor told how
certain Germans and others living on
the line of a proposed canal opposed it
on the ground that they had a large
amount of money invested in horses and
wagons, and if the canal should be built,
there would be no employment for them.
The canal was built, and they found
they could obtain just as much employ-
ment as before, and at better prices.
Mr. Walker, in reply, spoke of the doc-
tor taking to water, and boasted of driv-
ing him into the Miami canal, and stated
that he would acknowledge that canals
were a public benefit, but not so rail-
roads. He was then asked why it was
that no canals were now being built and
railroads were being made throughout
the whole land. This was not answered.
At a public meeting in Macomb, held
in the court house, Mr. Walker remarked
that he had been informed by a couple
of prominent merchants in the town that
one train of cars could carry away all
the surplus products of McDonough
county raised in one year, or that David
Rail and Harry Perry, two well known
teamsters in the town, could likewise re-
move all its surplus produce, carry it
forty miles to a market and return it
with all the merchandise required by the
inhabitants. Such being the case, said
Mr. W., what use have we for a railroad;
of what benefit will it be? He further,
if the audience desired to know the
names of the two merchants he could
give them ; they were Jonathan H. Baker
and John W. Westfall. Mr. Baker was
a very strong opponent of the road, and
in March, 1852, contributed an article to
the McDonough Independent relating to

354

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

a pretended conversation overheard in
the postoffice between farmer Bangs and
one of the committee appointed to can-
vass the county in aid of the proposed
road, in which the farmer has the best of
the argument, of course.

At Blandinsville one of the speakers
compared this section of country with that
between Chicago and Galena, the latter
country having a railroad, the former
none. In one year from the time the
railroad was completed between Chicago
and Galena the country lying along its
route increased in population 300 per
cent, and in wealth 400 per cent, and
asked if it could be accounted for in any
other way than on account of her rail-
roads. Del. Martin, a prominent citi-
zen of the place, suggested it might be
on account of that country being settled
by the Yankees. Ever afterward the
speaker made good use of Mr. Martin's
reply to his question. When in a neigh-
borhood composed principally of those
emigrating from the south he would ask
them if they would acknowledge such a
conclusion was correct "Have these
Yankees," said he, "more enterprise
than you?" Is that the way you ac-
count for this prosperity? No, sir; it
all results from their having the ad-
vantages afforded by a railroad." When
in a Yankee settlement, he would ask
them if they could not see the force of
Mr. Martin's reply. " These Yankees,"
said he, "understand fully the laws of
trade, and naturally go where they will
be sure of a good market for their pro-
ducts. In this they show their shrewd,
common sense. Will you not follow and
profit by their example? "

As the day of election drew near,

those favoring the road were fearful of
the result. The county had not been
thoroughly canvassed, and the people
were slow to vote aid for any purpose.
If the question could be brought
squarely before them in order that they
might see the advantages to be derived
in the building of the proposed road,
there could be no doubt of securing a
majority of votes in aid of its construc-
tion. It was therefore resolved by
friends to secure, if possible, a postpone-
ment of the election. A petition to that
effect was presented to the county court,
and that body, on the 6th day of March,
1852,* revoked their former order for an
election on the third Monday in that
month, and made order for an election
Saturday, May 22, for or against taking
$50,000 stock in the Northern Cross
railroad.

Renewed efforts were now made by
the friends of the road, who worked day
and night, for its success. As a result
there were 817 votes cast for, and 644
against issuing the bonds, a majority in
its favor of 173. The McDonough Inde-
pendent, in speaking of this vote, says:
"It may not be generally known that old
McDonough polled 200 more -votes than
at any former election. This vote should
stimulate to action every citizen of Mc-
Donough, for it is a sure and certain in-
dex of the growing prosperity of our
county. We venture the prediction that
in 10 years from this date we will, in
number, almost double the vote just
polled. ' So, look out for the cars when
the bell rings.'" This prediction was
more than fulfilled in eight years, viz:
In 1860 the vote of the county was 4,638,
or more than three times the number in

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

355

1852. This shows the value of the road.
A year or more passed away, and still
no road. Its friends were almost in
despair, and its enemies jubilant, the
soothing phrase, "I told you so," was
repeated over and over again to the
friends of the road until it became
almost monotonous. The difficulty in
securing eastern capital was the only im-
pediment in the way, capitalists could
not realize it would be for them a judi-
cious investment. The president of the
road, Hon. N. Bushnell, made repeated
visits east to secure this aid, but without
success. The first contract made by the
road with this county was to the effect
that, in its corporate capacity, it should
subscribe $50,000 to its stock, issuing
therefor its bonds, having 30 years to
run, and bearing six per cent, interest.
We presume arrangements were made
with other counties on the proposed line
of the road upon the same conditions.
Mr. Bushnell found it utterly impossible
to obtain money to complete the road
upon such terms. The question now
arose as to what should be done. Must
the road be allowed to fail ? Its friends
said "No;" its enemies said, "How can
you help it?" Individual subscriptions
to the amount of $52,500 had been
secured in this county for the building
of the road, thus showing that our citi-
zens felt a great interest in the success
of the enterprise. It must be borne in
mind that at this time there was not to
exceed 8,000 inhabitants in the county,
and they were of the poorer class, and to
them this was a large sum.

Arrangements were finally made with
eastern capitalists upon conditions
thought favorable by Mr. Bushnell, and

upon the 29th day of June, 1853, at a
meeting of the board of directors of the
road, held in the city of Quincy, the fol-
lowing resolutions were passed and cer-
tified to the county court of McDon-
ough county, at a special session held
in Macomb July 6, 1853:

Resolved, That in locating and constructing
the railroad from Quincy to Galesburg, the faith
of the company is hereby pledged that the loca-
tion shall be so made as to make Macomb, in
McDonough county, a point on the line.

Resolved, That in case McDonough county
will, in its corporate capacity, in lieu of the
$50,000 already voted, subscribe $75,000 to the
capital stock of the company, payable in bonds
bearing eight per cent, interest, the company
will agree to pay until the road is put in opera-
tion the whole distance from Quincy to Gales-
burg, all the interest which may accrue on said
bonds, over and above the $3,000 annual interest
which would accrue on the bonds already voted,
so that no additional tax will be required in con-
sequence of this increase of the county sub-
scription. The interest thus advanced and paid
by the company to be hereafter refunded out of
the surplus dividends which may be declared
on the county stock, after providing for the in-
terest thereafter accruing on the bonds.

The board thereupon passed the fol-
lowing order :

Whereas, by an act of the legislature of the
state of Illinois, entitled "An act supplemental
to an act entitled 'An act to provide for a general
system of railroad incorporations,' approved
November 6, 1849," the several counties in the
state are authorized in the manner therein pro-
vided to subscribe to the capital stock of any
railroad company then organized or thereaf-
ter to be organized under any law of this state,
to an amount not exceeding $100,000:

And whereas, the court has been requested by
a large number of respectable citizens and
voters of this county to take the necessary steps
to procure the vote of this county, at the earliest
practicable period, for or against the subscrip-

356

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

tion by the said county of $75,000 to the capital
stock of the Northern Cross railroad company,
for the purpose of aiding in the construction of
"the railroad of said company from the city of
Quincy, on the Mississippi rivea, to the town of
Galesburg, in Knox county.

And whereas, it is the opinion of this court,
and, as they believe, of a large majority of the
citizens and voters of the county, that the early
completion of said railroad is of paramount im-
portance for the future growth, improvement
and prosperity of the county ; and that it is their
interest and duty to aid by all reasonable means
and to the extent of their ability, in raising the
means necessary to secure the success of this
important enterprise.

It is therefore by the court ordered, unani-
mously, that Isaac Grantham, Esq., the clerk of
this court, be directed to give such notice as
shall be lawful, of an election, to be held in the
usual place of voting in the several precincts of
said county, on Saturday, the 20th day of Aug-
ust, A. D. 1853, for the purpose of ascertaining
the wishes of citizens, voters of said county, in
reference to the subscription of said county of
$75,000 to the capital stock of the Northern
Cross railroad company ; for the purpose of aid-
ing the construction of said railroad from Quincy
to Galesburg; said subscription to be paid in the
bonds of said county at their par value ; and
payable 20 years after their respective dates to
the Northern Cross railroad company, or bearer,
with interest at the rate of 8 per cent, per an-
num, payable semi-annually, according to inter-
est coupons to be thereto annexed ; both princi-
pal and interest being payable in the city of
New York ; and said bonds 4 be issued to the
said railroad company from time to time, in dis-
charge of the regular assessments made on
stock subscription, as they may fall due. Said
election to conform to the provisions of the act
mentioned in the foregoing preamble ; and to be
held and conducted in other respects, and the
yotes counted and returns thereof made, by the
judges and clerks of said election, as in elec-
tions for state and county officers.

And it is also further unanimously ordered,
that in case the citizens and voters of the county

at said election shall duly authorize a subscrip-
tion by the county of the said $75,000, to the
capital stock of said railroad company, for the
purposes aforesaid, that the former vote of the
county to subscribe $50,000 to the stock of said
company, shall thereby be revoked, cancelled
and annulled.

The friends of the road went immedi-
ately to work, the result being, when the
vote was counted upon the evening of
August 20th, there were 1,145 votes for
and 285 against the stock. The city of
Quincy, but a few days before, by a vote
of 1,132 to 3, voted an additional $100,-
000, making a total amount for that city
of $200,000.

By the contract with the Northern
Cross railroad, the bonds and coupons
given in aid of the said road, were made
payable in New York. At the Septem-
ber term, 1859, of the board of supervis-
ors, it was ordered that the coupons, due
the following January, should be paid as
usual. At the December term this or-
der was rescinded, in consequence of a
decision having been rendered by the
supreme court of the state declaring that
cities and counties have no right to make
bonds issued in aid of railroads payable
in the city of New York, and that coun-
ties and cities, by such decision, are not
legally bound on contracts to pay mon-
eys anywhere else than at the city or
county treasury. Contracts made to pay
such indebtedness elsewhere than at said
treasury are void, as the statutes of the
state of Illinois do not authorize cities
and counties to make a contract payable
at any other place than at their treasury.

In March, 1860, in the supreme court,
or the United States district court, suit
was commenced by Van Hoffman et. al.
against the county. At the June term

HISTOKY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

357

of the board of supervisors Hon. James
M. Campbell was authorized to employ
counsel, and, in the name of the county,
to defend this suit. Mr. Campbell em-
ployed Messrs. Goudy & Waite, of Chi-
cago, to take charge of the case. Before
a trial was had the supreme court of the
state, in a trial between Johnson vs.
Stark county, in a great measure over-
ruled and revised the above decision. On
learning this, Messrs. Goudy <fe'Waite
advised Mr. Campbell to pay the judg-
ment which would be rendered against
the county in the case, and it was accord-
ingly done.
In the fall of 1855 the iron horse made

its first appearance in the county, and by
January, 1856, the road was completed
to Galesburg, where connections were
made with the Central Military Tract
railroad to Chicago. From this date
McDonough county has continued to
make rapid progress, and we are fully
convinced that no one regrets the aid
rendered, though by the foreclosure of
the mortgage on the road the entire
amount of stock taken by the county,
and by individual citizens, was lost.
Property advanced rapidly in price, em-
igration poured in, new farms were
opened, and a market was obtained for
all surplus produce raised.

CHAPTKR ,XVI.

AGRICULTURAL, OLD SETTLERS AND OTHER SOCIETIES.

The subject of the organization of a
county agricultural society began to be
agitated quite early in 1854; but it was
not until the following year that the
same was consummated. On the 16th
of April, 1855, several of the citizens of
the county, who were interested in the
agricultural and mechanical arts, met at
Macomb, for the purpose of effecting an
organization, having for its object im-
provement in the same. W. J. Merritt
was called to the chair, and S. K. Pedrick
, appointed secretary. Remarks were
made by various persons, and the feasi-
bility and importance of the proposed

organization discussed. A constitution
and by-laws were then adopted, and the
following officers elected for one year:
Thompson Chandler, president; Joseph
Lownes, William Brooking and S. K.
Pedrick, vice-presidents; L. H. Waters,
corresponding secretary; Joseph E.
Wyne, secretary; arid Joseph P. Upde-
graff, treasurer. An executive commit-
tee was, also, appointed, and books
opened for membership. All these en-
tered upon their duties at once, and the
success being assured, a fair was an-
nounced to be held on the second Thurs-
day in October, to continue two days,

358

HISTOEY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

and a list of awards made out. Thomas
Camp, a practical farmer of the county,
was engaged to deliver the address. The
old college grounds were obtained for
the purpose of holding the fair. In
speaking of the exhibition, the Mucomb
Enterprise, of October 25, says:

" Our county fair exceeded our most
sanguine expectations. The weather was
delightful, and the attendance on both
days was very large. What surprised
us most was the number of articles on
exhibition." Then followed a descrip-
tion of some of the most important,
among which was Cy. Lawson's 800
pound pig, Broaddus' plows, Barker's
hay rake, Price's washing machine, Har-
ris' churn, some " 'orful' pumpkins, po-
tatoes, wheat, and the handiwork of some
of McDonough's fair daughters." The
officers were all continued, and a fair an-
nounced for Thursday and Friday, Octo-
tober 9 and 10, 1856. This exhibition
was an improvement upon the other, and
it has been remarked that all exhibitions
since have continued to improve. The
exhibition was held at the same place as
the year before, but the ground was
found entirely too small for the purpose.
Thomas E. Brannen delivered a most
excellent address, and all were well
pleased with the success of the society.
The next year, 1857, the fair was held in
the pasture of Thompson Chandler, in
the northwest part of the town. Like
those previously held, the fair was a suc-
cess in almost every respect, and it was
determined that renewed efforts should
be made to make the society efficient and
permanent. The grounds were leased
from Thompson Chandler, fenced and
cleared for the purpose of holding the

annual exhibitions, in which the people
all manifested considerable interest. The
fourth annual fair was held on these
grounds, which are now known as the old
fair grounds, and was well attended.

For the first four or five years two
days was all sufficient to exhibit the few
articles placed on exhibition. After this
the society required three, then four,
then five days, and after that the entire
week was required to satisfy the thou-
sands who annually attended the Mc-
Donough county fair.

The society has been uniformly fortu-
nate in its choice of officers. Thompson
Chandler, the father of it, exerted him-
self nobly to make its exhibitions suc-
cessful, and great credit is due to him
for carrying it through the first years of
its existence. Messrs. Joseph Lownes,
J. P. Updegraff, William Pointer, Amos
Dixon, and E. C. Knapp have each
labored to promote the best interests of
the society. Joseph Burton, as secre-
tary, was an indefatigable worker, spend-
ing a great amount of time and money
to bring the society up to its present
high standard.

In 1867 the society purchased their
present grounds just south of the city, on
which they have made improvements,
including price of land, of over $10,000.
They now own the finest and most con-
venient grounds .in the state, and year
by year, as their means will warrant, will
continue to improve them.

For the past nine years the society
has been singularly unfortunate, as all
their fairs have been drowned out by
rains. Six times they were held in the
last week in August, and twice in the
first week in September, to avoid this

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

359

but six times it commenced raining
Tuesday afternoon, of each fair week,
just after everything had been placed
upon the ground. The society, of course,
had all the premiums to pay, as they
have done every year. During the most
of the time of the rainy fairs, Dr. W. O.
Blaisdell was president of the association,
and they thinking perhaps he was the
Jonah, O. V. Chandler was chosen in his
place, but it is said that year it rained
worse than ever. This of course would
not do, so another gentleman was chosen,
a strong church man, and no wheels of
fortune or other gambling games were
allowed upon the ground. But Jupiter
Pluvius proved, again, unpropitious and
the rains descended worse than ever.

The society have paid all premiums
in full every year until 1884, and owing
to their ill fortune are considerably in
debt, but the managers are enterprising
and plucky and hang on with the hope
of making it a success. The present of-
ficers are as follows: J. B. " Venard,
president; George W. Barker, vice pres-
ident; W. H. Hainline, secretary; andC.
V. Chandler, treasurer; G. W. Reed,
Joseph W. Mclntosh, A. V. Brooking,
James T. Rexroat and W. O. Blaisdell,
directors. At the last meeting some dis-
cussion was had as to the price of the
gate fee. W. S. Taylor favored 25 cents,
Dr. Blaisdell insisted on it being kept
at 40 cents. Captain Sam Frost made a
speech favoring 25 cents, Captain Reed
also favored the lower rate, J. W. Mcln-
tosh had heretofore favored the higher
rate but now he felt disposed to favor 25
cents. Gardner Chandler also favored
the lower rate; A. K. Lodge was the next
gentleman to speak, and he insisted that

25 cents was the proper sum at which to
fix gate fee. W. H. Hainline spoke on
the pending question but did not indi-
cate his preference as to the amount to
be charged ; George W. Barker expressed
himself in favor of the 25 cent admission
fee. A vote was taken and it was de-
cided to make the gate fee 25 cents.

MC DONOUGH COUNTY STOCK ASSOCIATION.

In 1870, the McDonough county
stock association was regularly incor-
porated, and held its first exhibition in
July of that year. Exhibitions were also
held in 1871 and 1872. In 1873 the asso-
ciation failed to have an exhibition, and
the following year it united its fortunes
with the agricultural society, and the
two combined are now known as the
McDonough county agricultural and
stock association.

BUSHNELL AGRICULTURAL AND MECHAN-
ICAL ASSOCIATION.

During the summer of 1879, several
gentlemen feeling that a fair for the ex-
position of agricultural productions, and
for mechanical implements more or less
connected with husbandry, could be suc-
cessfully operated at Bushnell, after a
due canvass of the matter proceeded to
effect an organization, under the name
of the Bushnell Agricultural and Me-
chanical association. The following
gentlemen were chosen as the first offi-
cers: Louis Kaiser, president; S. A.
Epperson and George W. Solomon, vice-
presidents; J. E. Chandler, treasurer;
D. F. Chidester, secretary; S. A. Hen-
dee, C. C. Morse, D. N. Wisherd, M. L.
Walker, I. Hanks and James A. Gardi-
ner, directors. Grounds were at once

360

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

procured and fitted up, and all prepara-
tions made for holding their inaugural
fair. This took place on September 23,
24, 25 and 26, 1879, and was a pronounced
success. The rate of admission being
fixed at the popular price of 25 cents,
caused many to attend that would not
had it been higher. Everything passed
off as pleasantly as possible, and this,
the first fair of the association, will long
be remembered. From the very start
the fairs have been a success, but from
the time when J. E. Chandler was made
president, he with his push and enter-
prise more than doubled the interest in
its welfare. Each year witnessed the
annual gathering of the worthy agricul-
turists, artisans, merchants and profes-
sional men of the county, and each year
all pronounced the fair superior to its
predecessors. The sixth annual exposi-
tion was given on September 29 and 30,
and October 1, 2 and 3, 1884, which was
largely attended. The following is a
list of the officers for the last year: J.
E. Chandler, president; A. H. Roman,
general superintendent; Ira Applegate,
marshal; S. Raymond, superintendent
of cattle; M. L, Walker, of horses; D.
M. Bethard, of sheep; A. J. Tiger, of
swine; W. C. Pinkley, of poultry; J. C.
Cadwalader, agricultural implements;
J. J. Campbell, of mechanic arts; A. L.
Sparks, of farm products; T. F. Seibert,
of manufactures; H. T. Clarke,of needle-
work; E. K. Westfall, of merchan-
dise; J. B. Cummings, of fruits and
flowers; B. F. Pinkley, of wines, dairy
and culinary; Ed. C. Pierce, of fine art
collections; P. R. Perrine, of birds and
baby class. This fair was the most suc-
cessful of any yet held.

OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION.
One of the most enjoyable affairs is
the reunion of the pioneers of any given
locality. For the purpose of providing
for stated meetings, associations of old
settlers have been formed in almost
every county throughout the length and
breadth of the land ; especially is this true
in all the states west of the Allegheny
mountains ; states that have been settled
within the present century. These asso-
ciations have done, and are doing much
for the preservation of historical events,
and as such are surely commendable.
The lessons of the past teach us the du-
ties pertaining to the future. The fires
of patriotism, -the love of country or of
home, is strengthened by a narration of
such important events as tend to stir the
blood or quicken to life those divine af-
fections in man. Many a youth has
chosen the life of a soldier from reading
the accounts of the great battles and
glorious deeds of an Alexander, a Han-
nibal, a Napoleon, a Wellington, or our
own brave and noble Washington, The
lists of statesmen have been augmented
by the example of a Pitt, a Webster, a
Clay or a CalhoUn. Patriotism and love
of country have been awakened by read-
ing the sublime utterances of Patrick
Henry,John Adams, Thomas Jefferson,
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Doug-
las. The love of home, love of parents and
kindred have been strengthened by oft-
told tales of aged fathers or mothers, es-
pecially of that pioneer father or mother
who toiled early and late, hard and long,
in order to give their descendants the
priceless boon of a home of plenty and
of peace, of refinement and love for God
and humanity.

HISTORY OF McDONOUGH COUNTY.

361

The pioneers, in gathering together in
these annual re-unions, seem to live over
again the early days. Their eyes spar-
kle and they grow young as the fading
reminiscences of other days are recalled.
As well stated by a speaker himself a
pioneer at a meeting in a neighboring
county:

" You come together with varied emo-
tions. Some of you, almost at the foot
of life's hill, look back and upward at
the path you have trod, while others,
who have just reached life's summit,
gaze down into the valley of tears with
many a hope and fear. You, gray-
headed fathers, have done your work;
you have done it well; and now, as the
sunset of life is closing around you, you
are given the rare boon of enjoyment,
the fruits of your own labor. You can
see the land won by your own right arm,
from its wilderness state, and from a
savage foe, pass to your children, and
your children's children literally " a
land flowing with milk and honey;' a
land over which hovers the white-robed
angels of religion and peace; a' land
fairer and brighter and more glorious
than any other land beneath the blue
arch of Heaven. You have done your
work well, and when the time of rest
shall come, you will sink to the dream-
less repose with the calm conciousness
of duty done."

Pursuant to a notice published in the
papers, a number of the old settlers of
. McDonough county assembled at Camp-
bell's hall in Macomb on the 15th of
July, 1869, for the purpose of renewing
acquaintances, talking over old times,
and organizing an Old Settler's associa-
tion for McDo